























mm 




Class _JTlai_£i- 

Book >N'^ 'x(q 

CopightN" 1^5 J 

COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 



/ 



AN 

AMERICAN DICTIONARY 



OF THE 



EMC^LISH LANGUAGE 



EXHIBITING THE 



ORIGIN, ORTHOGRAPHY, PRONUNCIATION, AND 
DEFINITIONS OF WORDS. 

/' 

BY NOAH WEBSTER, LL. D. 

n 

▲BRIDGED FROM THE QUARTO EDITION OF THE AUTHOR : 

TO WHICH ARE ADDED, A 

SYI^OPSIS OF IVORBIS 

DIFFERENTLY PRONOUNCED BY DIFFERENT ORTHOEPISTS. 

AND 

WALKER'S KEY 

TO THE 

CLASSICAL PRONUNCIATION OF GREEK, LATIN, AND 
SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 





^x 






Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the Year 1847, 

By CHAUNCEY A. GOODRICH, 

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of 

Connecticut. 



Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the Year 1857, 

By EMILY W. ELLSWORTH, JULIA W. GOODRICH, 

ELIZA S. W. JONES, WILLIAM G. WEBSTER, 

and LOUISA WEBSTER, 

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of 

Connecticut. 



PREFACE. 



The author of the American Dictionary of the English Language has been 
prevented, by the state of his health, from attending, in person, to its abridgment 
into the octavo form. The work has, therefore, been committed, for this purpose, 
to Mr. J. E. Worcester, of Cambridge, Massachusetts, who has strictly adhered 
to the general principles laid down for his direction by the author. Cases of doubt, 
arising in the application of these principles, and such changes and modifications 
of the original as seemed desirable, in a work of this kind, intended for general 
use, have been referred, for decision, to Prof. Goodrich, of Yale College, who 
was requested by the author to act, on these subjects, as his representative. 
The Synopsis of words of disputed pronunciation has been prepared by the former 
of these gentlemen ; Walker's " Key to the Classical Pronunciation of Greek, Latin 
and Scripture Proper Names" has passed under the revision of the latter. 

The following are some of the most important principles on which the Abridg- 
ment has been conducted. 

The vocabulary has been considetably enlarged. It here embraces all the words 
contained in the original work, and in Todd's edition of Johnson's Dictionary, to- 
gether with such additional ones as have appeared to the author to be worthy of 
insertion. 

The leading and most important etymologies, as given in the quarto edition, are 
here retained. 

The definitions remain unaltered, except by an occasional compression in their 
statement. All the significations of words, as exhibited in the larger work, are 
here retained ; and new ones have, in some instances, been added by the author's 
direction, as deficiencies, in this respect, have been discovered. The illustrations 
and authorities are generally omitted: In doubtful or contested cases, however, 
they are carefully retained. 

In cases of disputed orthography, the principle, adopted in the quarto edition, of 
introducing into the vocabulary the different forms in question, has been carried, in 
the Abridgment, to a considerably greater extent. In most instances of this kind, 
the old orthography takes the lead, and is immediately followed by the one pro- 
posed. The u and k, however, are entirely excluded from such words as honor 
and music, in accordance with the decided tendency of later usage, both in this 
country and in England. In derivative words, the final consonant of the primitive 
is doubled only when under the accent, in conformity with one of the best established 
principles of the language. On this subject. Walker observes, in his Rhyming Dic- 
tionary, " Dr. Lowth has justly remarked, that this error (that of doubhng the final 
consonant when not under the accent) frequently takes place in the words worship- 
ping, counselling, etc., which, having the accent on the first syllable, ought to be 
vm'meu worshiping, counseling, etc. An ignorance of this rule has led many to 
write bigotted for bigoted, and from this spelling has arisen a false pronunciation ; 
but no letter seems to be more frequently doubled improperly than Z. Why w6 
should write libelling, revelling, and yet offering, suffering, reasoning, I am at a loss 
to determine ; and unless I can give a better plea than any other letter in the alpha- 
bet for being doubled in this situation, I must, in the style of Lucian, in his trial of 
the letter t, declare for an expulsion." In this expulsion, it is believed, the public 
will finally concur, when they reflect, that this violation of analogv takes place in 



iv PREFACE. 

the derivatives of comparatively few words, in opposition to multitudes of instances 

in which the general rule prevails. 

As a guide to j)ronunciation, the words have been carefully divided into syllables. 
This, in the great majority of instances, decides at once the regular sound of the 
vowels in the respective syllables ; and wherever the vowels depart from this regu- 
lar sound, s. pointed letter is used, denoting the sound which they receive in such 
cases. When under the accent, the regular long sound of the vowels is also indi- 
cated by a pointed letter. Thus, by means of pointed letters, the necessity of re- 
spelling the words, as a guide to pronunciation, is chiefly obviated. In cases of 
disputed pronunciation, the different forms are frequently given. But the Synopsis 
of Mr. Worcester exhibits these diversities much more fully, and gives, in one 
view, the decisions of the most approved Pronouncing Dictionaries respecting about 
eight hundred primitive words, which, of course, decide the pronunciation of a great 
number of derivatives. Those who are interested in such inquiries are thus pre- 
sented, at a single glance, with nearly all the important points of difference in 
EngUsh orthoepy, and are enabled to decide for themselves, without the expense 
or trouble of examining the several authorities. 

Li some instances, vowels have a fluctuating or intermediate sound ; and hence 
there is a great diversity" among orthoepists in their manner of indicating the sound 
in question. Thus the sound of a, in monosyllables, in ass, asi, ask, ance, ant, etc., 
is marked by some with the short sound of a in fat, and by others with its Italian 
sound, as in father. In this work, the latter is given as the prevailing sound both in 
this country and in England. Mitford, indeed, observes, in his work on Har- 
mony in Language, " No English voice fails to express, no English ear to perceive, 
the difference between the sound of a in passing and passive ; no colloquial famihar- 
ity or hurry can substitute the one sound for the other." The true sound, how- 
ever, is not so long as that of a in father, but corresponds more exactly to the final a 
in umbrella. Being thus short, it is often mistaken for the sound of a mfat. There is 
another intermediate sound of a, between its ordinary sound in fall on the one hand, 
and in what on the other. This is heard in such words as salt, malt, etc. As this 
sound seems to incline, in most cases, towards the short rather than the long sound 
in question, it is here marked with the sound of a in what, though in many cases it 
is somewhat more protracted. The sound of o, in such words as lost, loft, toss, etc., 
is not so short as in lot ; but, like the o in nor, though slightly protracted, it should 
by no means be prolonged into the full sound of a in tall. In monosyllables endmg 
m are, as hare, fare, the a is slightly modified by the subsequent r. Such words 
ought not to be pronounced as if spelled hay-er,fay-er, but hair, fair. Perry alone, 
of all the Enghsh orthoepists, has introduced a distinct character to indicate this 
sound ; but it is well ascertained that Walker and others coincided with Perry in 
their pronunciation, in accordance with the general pronunciation of England in this 
respect. These remarks apply likewise to the words parent, apparent, transparent, 
etc. In respect to accent, there are many words in which the primary and secon- 
dary accent are nearly equal in force ; such as complaisant, caravan, etc. In such 
cases, the accent is here thrown towards the beginning of the word, in accordance 
with the general tendency of our language. 

In laying this work before the public in its present form, no efforts have been 
spared to make it a complete defining and pronouncing dictionary for general use. 
About sixteen thousand words, and between thirty and forty thousand definitions are 
contained in this dictionary, which are not to be found in any similar work within 
the author's knowledge. These additions do not principally consist of obsolete 
terms, or uncommon and unimportant significations of words. In most cases, on the 
contrary, they are terms and significations which are in constant use in the various 
departments of science and the arts, in commerce, manufactures, merchandise, the 
liberal professions, and the ordinary concerns of life. They mark the progress 
which the English language has niade during the seventy years which have elapsed 



PREFACE. V 

nee the publication of Dr. Johnson's Dictionary. Within that period, a complete 
revolution has taken place in almost every branch of physical science. New de- 
partments have been created, new principles developed, new modes of classification 
and description adopted. More rigid principles of definition have been gradually 
introduced into almost every department of human knowledge. In these respects, 
however, our dictionaries have remained almost stationary. The labors of our lexi- 
cographers, since the time of Johnson, have been chiefly confined to the introduc- 
tion of new words into the vocabulary. In the work of which this is an abridgment, 
the words have all been defined anew. The explanations given are adapted to the 
advanced state of knowledge at the present day, and to the changes which seventy 
years have made in the use of terms. In the definitions of the leading and im- 
portant words, the signification is explained by enumerating the properties of the 
object in question, and not merely by a reference to other words of a similar im- 
port. In numerous instances, the distinctions between words which are apparendy 
synonymous are traced with great minuteness; and it is hoped that the present work 
may supply, to a considerable extent, the place of a regular treatise on English 
synonyms. In a work of this kind, however, embracing, as it does, the whole circle 
of ideas embodied in tiie language of a nation, the utmost efforts of the lexicogra- 
pher are only an approximation towards the end in view. No single mind can 
enter, with perfect exactness, into all the multiplied distinctions of thought and lan- 
guage, among a highly civilized people. The author of such a work may, therefore, 
confidently hope for the candor and indulgence of an enlightened public. 

As the author of the original work has intrusted the superintendence of the 
Abridgment to another person, he is not to be considered as responsible for any of 
the modifications already alluded to. The quarto edition will, of course, be con- 
sidered a^ presenting his exact views of the proper arrangement and exhibition 
of words, in respect to their orthography and pronunciation. 

JVew; Haven, June 1, 1829. 



SYNOPSIS '-^Ci^ &^ 



OF 



WORDS DIFFERENTLY PRONOUNCED BY DIFFERENT ORTHOEPISTS. 



ILLUSTRATIONS AND REMARKS. 

The object of this Synopsis is to exhibit, at one view, the manner in which words 
of doubtful, disputed, or various pronunciation, are pronounced by the most eminent 
English orthoepists. To these words a star is prefixed, as they occur in the Dictionary. 

The six Pronouncing Dictionaries which have been made use of in the Synopsis, 
namely, those of Sheridan, Walker, Perry, Jones, Fulton and Knight, and Jameson, 
were originally published in the order of time in which they are here exhibited, 
Sheridan's being the first, and Jameson's the last. 

The work of Perry, which has been made use of, is his " Synonymous, Etymological 
and Pronouncing English Dictionary," in royal 8vo., which was first published in 
1805, and which differs, in the pronunciation of many words, from Perry's " Royal 
Standard English Dictionary," which appeared many years earlier. 

These orthoepists have each his own peculiar system of notation ; but as their sev 
eral systems could not be exhibited in the Synopsis without much inconvenience, and 
without causing great confusion and perplexity to the reader, their respective pronun- 
ciations have been represented by one method of notation. As these authors do not 
agree with each other with respect to the number and quality of the sounds of the 
English vowels, it is impossible, by the notation here used, to represent, in every 
instance, their precise difference. The cases of failure, however, are not important. 

Perry alone makes a distinction between the sound of long a as in fate, and of a as 
mfare, which last is marked by him thus (a). Sheridan, Perry, Fulton and Knight, and 
Jameson, make no distinction between the short sound of o as in not, and the sound of 
as in nor ; and Sheridan makes none between the sound of short a as in fat, and of 
what is called the Italian sound of a as in far and father. Fulton and Knight, on the 
contrary, not only make a distinction between the sound of a in fat and in far, but 
designate an intermediate sound, as in fast, not so short as a in fat, nor so broad as a 
in far. It is probable, however, that these orthoepists agreed in practice, in many 
cases, in which they differed in marking the pronunciation of words ; and that, in va- 
rious instances, they omitted to mark the discriminations in their dictionaries, which 
they were in the constant habit of making in reading and speaking. 

With regard to what is called the Italian sound of the letter a as in father, (in the 
Synopsis marked thus, a), there is a great diversity among the different orthoepists. 
Sheridan has npt used it at all, and Walker and Jameson are more sparing in the use 
of it than Perry, Jones, and Fulton and Knight. Dr. Webster has made more use 
of it than any of them. But this difference of sound is not deemed to be so impor- 
tant as to render it expedient *o introduce the words which are affected by it into the 
Synopsis. 

With regard to the mode of representing the sound of the letter t, when it comes 
after the accent, and is followed by u, as in the words nature and natural, there is a 
great diversity in the Pronouncing Dictionaries ; and this applies to a numerous class 
of words. It has been thought necessary to give only a few of these words, merely 
enough to show the diiTerent modes of different orthoepists. 

There is a class of words, in which the letter d is followed by one of the vowels e, z, 
or ?/, as arduous, hideous, obedience^ &c., respecting which there is a diversity of pro- 



viii , SYNOPSIS. 

nunciation. A,j)art ^nly of \these -have been insertvCd, but enough to exhibit this 
di^CTte%, lild »iri$icaJte whaf other*'^5^ds imi^lb3^a?fie*^e^ by it. 

Th^e are some words of three syllables, which we hear pronounced sometimes with 

the secondary accent on the first, and the primary accent on the third ; and sometimes 

IC vj^^j^iA^is qrdpjL reversed ; as, ambuscade, caravan, and partisan. Dr. Webster inclines 

V^^ generally to place the primary accent, in such words, on the first syllable; but the 

difference is not thought to be important enough to render it advisable, in all cases, to 

exhibit them in the Synopsis. 

With regard to the quantity of the last syllable of many words which end in He and 
ine, diS, juvenile and vulpine, there is a great diversity in the Pronouncing Dictionaries ; 
and there are some cases in which it is difficult to say whether the long or the short 
sound is to be preferred, and respecting which every one may, without impropriety, 
be permitted to follow his own taste or the usage to which he is accustomed. Some 
of the words of this sort stand in the Dictionary without having the quantity of the last 
syllable marked ; and but few of them have been inserted in the Synopsis. 

A considerable number of words are inserted, with regard to which there is only one 
uniform pronunciation exhibited by Dr. Webster and the several authorities made use 
of It has, nevertheless, been thought advisable to insert them, because a different pro- 
nunciation from the one here given is countenanced by other authorities, or, to a greater 
or less extent, by usage ; and it may, therefore, be satisfactory to many to see the 
authorities exhibited. The words accessory, centrifugal, centripetal and repertory are 
examples of this class. 

Some words are inserted, of which the pronunciation is, at present, well set- 
tled ; as, for example, break, covetous, hydrophobia and the noun defile. But with 
regard to these words, a different pronunciation from that which is now established 
formerly prevailed, and is supported by Sheridan. 

It will be seen that, in many instances, there are several words of the same class oi 
family, to which a star is prefixed in the Dictionary, though only one of them is found 
in the Synopsis. In these cases, the leading or primitive word is inserted, which gov- 
erns the rest of the same class ; as, for example, the pronunciation of acceptable and 
fearful determines the pronunciation of their derivatives, acceptably, acceptableness, 
fearfully a.ndfearfulness. 

In the Synopsis, the vowels are marked, in many instances, by a period under them, 
to denote an indistinct sound. These syllables are differently designated by the or- 
thoepists here made use of; though they all doubtless agreed in their manner of 
pronouncing them. In the word celibacy, for example, the vowels in the second and 
fourth syllables, which are represented, in the Synopsis, by the indistinct sound of e (e), 
are represented by Walker, Fulton and Knight, and Jameson, by the long sound of e, 
and by Sheridan and Jones by the short sound of y. Perry marks the i in the second 
syllable short, and leaves the y unmarked, as he does also the a in the third syllable, 
which all the rest designate as short, and which has, in the Synopsis, the mark of 
the indistinct sound of a. 

Those words which, in the first column of the Synopsis, have not the pronunciation 
marked, are pronounced in two different modes in the Dictionary. 

Those words which are so long as not to admit of being displayed, at length, in the 
body of the page, are there placed only in the first column, with Dr. Webster's pro- 
nunciation ; and the pronunciation of the other orthoepists is given at the bottom of 
the page. 



KEY 

To the Sounds of the Vowels as used in the Synopsis. 

Indistinct. 

A, fate, fat, far, fail, don'9-tive 

E, mete, met, rev'?-ry. 

I, pine, pin, clial'i9e. 

O, note, not, ntr, mSve, tri'pod. 

U, tube, tub, sat'urn. 
\h as in tkin ; th as in this. 



SYNOPSIS OF WORDS 

DIFFERENTLY PRONOUNCED BY DIFFERENT ORTHOEPISTS. 



Webster. Sheridan. 

A»DI-€A-T1VE, ?b-dik'k?i-tiv, 

ABDOMEN, ?ib-do'men, 

AB'SO-LU-TO-RY, ab'so-lu-tijr're, 

AB'STRACT, a. SLb'strakt, 

A€-CEPT'A-BLE, Sk'sep-tEi-bl, ~ 

Ae-CESS*, ak'ses, 

A€'CES-SO-RY, ak'ses-sur-re, 

AD-DIT'A-MENT, ad'de-tJi-ment, 

AD-JU'VANT, ad'ju-vant, 
AD-VER'TISE-MENT. i 

A'E-RIE, a're, 

A-GAIN', (a-gen') si-gen', 

A-GAINST', } , 

(a-gensf) 5 ' ^ 
AG-GRAN'DIZE-MENT. 2 

AlD'-DE-€AMP, 

AL'COVE, 9]-kove', 

AL'KA-Ll, al'k?i-le, 

AL-MOST', Oil-most', 

AL'PlNE, 

AL'TERN-ATE, v 

AM'BUS-€ADE, &ra-bijs-kade', 

A-MEN', a-men', 
AN-A-MORI'H'0-SIS. 3 

ANCHOVY, 9n-cho've, 

aN'CIENT, ane'shent, 

A-NEM'0-SeOPE, an'e-mos-k5pe' 

aN'GEL, ane'j?l, 

AN-TI-Fe'BRILE, an-t?-feibrile, 

AN'TI-NO-MY, iin'te-no-me, 

AN'TI-PODES, an-tip'o-dez, 

AN-TIP'TO-SIS, an-tip-to'sis, 

AP-PULSE', ap'puls, 

A'PRON, a'prun, 

AU'UI-LINE, ak'w?-line, 

XR€H-I-PEL'A-GO, , 

AR'DU-OUS, ar'du-us, 

AR'I-E-TATE, ar'e-e-tate, 

AR'ITH-MAN-CY, n-rith'man-se, 

AR'0-MA-TlZE, 5r'9-m?i-tize, 

AT-TRa HENT, at'tra-hent, 

A-VANT' GUARD, st-vgLunt'gSlrd, 

A-VOW'EE, ?i-vow'e, 

AZURE, a'zhur, 



Walker. 
ab'd?-ka-tiv, 
fib-do'men, 

ab-sol'u-tur-re, 

§ib-strakt', 

ak'sep-t?i-bl, 

ak-ses', 

5k'ses-so-re, 

ad-dit'?-ment, 

ad'ju-vant, 

e're, 
El-gen', 

Ei-genst' 

ade-de-kSiwng'j 

al-kove', 

al'k^i-le, 

ajl'most, 

al'pin, 
5d-ter'nate, 
arn-bus-kade', 
a'men', 

an-cho've, 

ane'shent, 

Et-nem'9-skope, 

ane'jel, 

an-t?-leb'ril, 

^n-tin'o-mp, 

an-tip'9-dez, 

an-tip-to'sis, 

ap'puls, 

a'purn, 

ak'we-lin, 

ar-ke-pel'a-go, 

ar'ju-iis, 

Ji-ri'e-tate, 

a-rith'man-se, 

ar'o-mfi-tlze, 

at'tra-hent, 

a-vant'gard, 

av-ow-e', 

a'zhure, 



Perry. 
aib-dik'51-tiv, 
atb-d5'm^n, 
ab'do-m6n, 
ab'so-lu-to-r?, 
ab'strakt, 
ak-sep't?-bl, 
ak-ses', 
ak'ses-so-re, 
^d-dit'ai-ment, 



?-gam', 
j-gainst', 



Jones. 
ab'de-ka-tiv, 
5ib-d6'men, 
?ib-sol'u-tur-?, 



Fulton S( Knight 
ab'd?-ka-tiv, 
9b-do'men, 
Eib-sor'u-tur-e, 



ak'sep-tsi-bl, 

ak-ses', 
ak'ses-sur-re, 
ad'd^-tsL-ment, 
ad-ju'v^int, 

a'er-e, 
9-gen', 

?i-genst'. 



ak'sep-tai-bl, 



91-kove', 
ai'kai-le, 

&ll-m5st', 

ai'pin, 
5il-ter'nate, 
am-bus-kade', 
a-men', 

?n-ch5've, 

an'shent, 

5-nem'9s-kope, 

ane'jel, 

an-te-fe'bril, 

an'te-no-me, 

5in-tip'o-dez, 

Ein-tip'to-sis, 

ap-puls', 

a'purn, 

ak'we-lin, 

ar'du-us, 
ar'e-e-tate. 



9l-kove', 
ai'kct-1?, 

Sdl-most', 



ak'ses-sur-?, 

^d-dit'a-ment, 

ad'ju-vant, 

a'er-?, 
?-gen', 

a-genst'. 



ade-?-kSiwng', 

5il-kove', 

ai'ka-le, 

gjl-most' 

ail'most. 



am-bus-kade', 
a-men', 

5in-ch6've, 

ane'shent, 

^-nem'o-skope, 

ane'jel, 

an-t?-feb'ril, 

an-tin'o-me, 

ain-tip'9-dez, 



^il-ter'njte, 
am-bus-kade , 
a-men', 

5in-cho've, 

ane'shent, 

a-nem'o-skope, 

ane'jel, 

an-te-feb'ril, 

an-tin'9-me, 

jn-tip'o-dez. 



ap'puls, 

a'purn, 

ak'we-llne, 

ark-e-pel'fi-go, 

ar'du-us, 



ap'puls, 

a'purn, 

ak'we-line, 

ark-e-pel'j-go. 

Kr'du-us, 



Jameson. 
ab'd?-ka-tiv. 
5ib-d6'mfn. 

?ib-sol'u-tur-rf. 

^b-strakt'. 

£ik-sep't$i-bl. 

ak'ses, ak-ses' 

ak'ses-S9-re. 

ad-dit'gi-ment. 

ad'ju-vant. 

e're. 
it-gane/. 

51-ganst' 



ade'de-ka.wng. 
9l-k6ve'. 
aiksi-li. 
ill'mSsL 

al'plne. 
ai-ter-nate'. 
am-bus-kade'. 
a-men'. 



Ein-ch5've. 

ane'shent. 

ai-nem'9-sk6pe 

ane'jel. 

an-te-feb'ril. 

an-tin'9-me. 

an-tip o-dez. 

an-tip-to's}3. 

ap'puls. 

a'prun. 

a'kwe-line. 

ar'du-fig. 



Ji-rom'Hize, 

at'tra-hent, at'tra-b^nt, at'tr?i-hent. 

a-vant'gard, ^-vaat'gyard, ?i-vant'gyard. 



az'ur. 



Kzh'ur, 



a'zhur, 



?i-ritfi man-s?. 
a-ro'm^-tlze 

ai-vaung'gard- 

av-ow-e'. 

a'zhure. 



BA€K-SLIDE', 
BAL'€0-NY, 



bak'slide, 
b^I-ko'n?, 



bak-slide', 
b^I-ko'ne, 



bak'slTde, 
biil-ko'ne. 



b^il-ko'ne, 



bak-slIde 
b?tl-ko'n?, 



bSk-slide'. 
I b5il-k5'n?. 
( b51'k9-nt. 



Sheridan. 
I ^d-ver'tjz-raSnt, 



Walker. 
?id-vgr't}Z-ment, 



Perry^ 
9d-ver't}:5-inent, 



Jameson. 
-vgr'tjz-mSnt 



Jones. Fulton ^ Knight. 

^d-ver'tjz-mSnt, ^id-ver'tjz-ment, 

1 ad-v?r-tize'm?nt, ad-v?r-tize'm?nt, j '^^ "-^ ■•'" "* ' < 5d-v?r-tize'ra?nt, &d-v?r-tlze'm?nt, 

ag'gran-dlze-m^nt, ag'grsin-dlze-m?nt i ^^ gr^n-dize-m^nt, ^g/gr^n-dize-ment, ag'gr?n-dize-m?nt, ?«-gran'diz-mSnt 

i ag-gran'djz-ment, ) 

&n-5i-m9r-fb'ai3, an-?i-m9r-fb's}S, 5n-^-mor'f9-sis, an-si-rnqr-fo'sja, &n-si-in9r-f5'9is, 5n-?k-m8rf<Mil« 



% 






SYNOPSIS. 








Webster. 


Sheridan. 


Walker. 


Perry. 


Jones. 


Fulton 8f Knight. Jamesou 


BA-NA'NA, 


bj-na'n^i, 


bai-na'n?. 


bEi-na'nEi, 


ba-na'na. 


ba-na'na, 


b^i-na'nji 


BAN'IAN, 


ban-yan'. 


ban-yan'. 


ban'n?-fin, 


ban-yan', 


b^tn-nyan'. 


ban-yan' 


BAR'RI-ER, 


bar'ryer, 


bar're-ur, 


bar're-er. 


bar're-ur. 


bar're-?r. 


bar're-er 


BEARD, (berd) 


. berd. 


beerd, 


beerd, 


bSerd, 


beerd. 


beerd. 


BF,TJ,ES-LETTRES 


'■'l- 


. bel-la'tur. 


bel-let'ter, 


bel-la'tur, 


bel-la't?r. 


bel-letr-. 


(bel'let-ter) 












BEL'LOWS, 


beWus, 


bel'lus, 


bel'lus. 


bel'lus. 


bel'lus. 


bel'oze. 


BER'LIN, 


ber-lin', 


ber-lin', 


ber'lin. 


b§r-lin'. 


ber-lin', 


ber-lin' 


BES'TIAL, 


bes'chal. 


bes'che-al, 


bes't?-Etl, 


be3'ch§-ul, 


' besfty^l. 


bes'te-§il 


BE-STREW; 


b?-str66'. 


be-stro'. 


b?-stru', 


be-stro6'. 


be-str5'. 


bf-stroo'. 


BIT'U-MEN, 


1 bi-tu'm?n, 


bf-tu'men, 


bi-tu'men, 


bi-tu'm?n. 


bi-tu'men. 


be-tu'mfn. 


BI-TtJ'MEN, 


) 






{ bote'swane. 


bote'swane. 


bote'swane. 


BoAT'SWAlN, 


bo'sn. 


b5'sn. 


bo'sn. 


/ bo'sn. 


bo'sn. 


bo'sn. 


BoM'BAST, 


bom-bast'. 


biim'bEist, 
bum-bast'. 


1 bum-bast' 


bum-bast', 


bum-bast'. 


bumibast' 


BOOK, 


book, 


b68k. 


buk, 


buk, 


buk. 


bSSk. 


BO'SOM, 


boQ'zym, 


j boo'zum, 
( buz'um, 


j boo'zum. 


boo'zumj 


bSo'zum, 


b6&'zum. 


Bourn, 


boom, 


borne, 


boom, 


borne. 


b66m, home. 


borne. 


BOWL, (bole) 


b5le. 


bole. 


boul. 


bole. 


boul, bole. 


boul. 


BR5CE'LET, 


bras'lit. 


brase'let. 


brase'let. 


brase'let, 


braseaft, 


brase'let 


BRa'VO, 


bra'vo, 


bra'vo, 


bra'vo, 


bra'vo, 


bra'vo, 


bra'V9, 


BRA-ZiL', 


bra-zeel'. 


bra-zeel', 


br?i-zil'. 


bra-zeel'. 


brsi-zeel! , 


bra-zeel'. 


BREAK, 


breek, 


brake, 


brake. 


brake. 


brake. 


brake. 


BREECH, (brich) 


breech, 


breech. 


breech, 


breech, 


breech, 


breech. 


BRONZ, 


bronze. 


bronze, 


bronz, 


bronze, 


bronze, 


bronze. 


BROOCH, 


brooch. 


broch, 


br6och, 


broch, 


brSoch, 


brSch. 


BROOK, 


br66k, 


br68k, 


bruk. 


bruk, 


bruk. 


brook. 


BULL'ION, 


bul'lyun, 


bul'yun. 


bul'yun. 


bul'yun, 


bul'yun. 


bGl'yun. 


BUOY, 


bw§ly. 


buoe. 


boy, 


bway. 


bwoy, 


bo?. 


CA-CHEXT?, 


ka'kek-se, 


kak'ek-s?. 


kai-kek'se. 


kak'?k-S9, 


kak'?k-se. 


k§ik-keks? 


€a'IS-SON, 


i 




kfis-soon'. 


ka'sn, 


kase-s86n'. 


ka'es-son. 


€AIS-S00N', 
eAL'CI-NA-TO-RY. 


, 1 












CALCINE, 


kal-slne'. 


kal-slne', 


kal-sine'. 


kEil-sIne', 


k^I-sine', 


k^J-sine 


€AM'EL-0-PARD, 


kam'e-lo-pard. 


k$i-m61'o-p-4rd. 


ka-mel'o-pard, 






, k^i-mel'o-pard 


€AN'AL-€oAL, 


ken'nil-kole, 
k^-pil'l£i-re, 


ken'nil-kole, 
kap'pil-la-re, 


kan'al-kole 






, kan'§il-k6le. 
kap'pjl-l5i-rf. 


€AP'IL-LA-RY, 


kfi-pil'l^-re'. 


k^-pil'l?-re, 


kap'il-l?r-e. 


CA-PRiCE', 


k^p-rees', 


( k^-prees', 
I kap'rees. 


ksi-prees'. 


k?-prees', 


k?L-prees', 


kgi-prees'. 


CAR'TEL, 


k^r-tel'. 


kar-tel'. 


kar'tel. 


kar-tel'. 


k5u:-tel'. 


k$ir-tel'. 


€ATCH'UP, 
CAT'SUP, 


j kach'up, 


kach'up, 


kat'sup. 


kach'up, 


kach'up. 


kech'up. 


€ATH'0-LI-CISM, 


fcEi-thol'?-sizm, 


ka-thol'e-sizm. 


ka-thol'?-sizm, 


kfi-thbl'e-sizm, 


kfi-th61'?-sizm. 


k^-thol'f-slzm 


Ce'CI-TY, 


se'sit-e. 


ses'e-te. 


ses'e-te, 


ses'e-te, 


ses'e-te. 


se'se-t?. 


CE'LA-TURE, 


sp'Ia-filrf* 


sel'a-chure 


se'la-ture 






sel'Hure. 

sel'?-b§i-se. 


CELIBACY, 


oc; in. LUiCj 

sel'e-ba-se. 


sel'e-ba-se, 


sel'e-ba-SG, 


sel'e-b?-se. 


sel'e-bsi-s?. 


CEN'A-TO-RY, 


se'n^-tur-?, 
sen-tvifu-gal, 


sen'a-tur-e, 


sen'a-to-re, 
sen-trif'u-g?il, 






sen'^-tur-e. 
sen-trifu-g^il. 


CEN-TRIF'U-GAL, 


sen-trif'u-gal, 


sen-trif'u-gal. 


s?n-trifu-g?l. 


CEN-TRlP'E-TAL, 


sen-trip'?-tjl, , 


sen-trip'e-tal. 


sen-trip'e-t^l, 


sen-trip'?-tjl, 


s?n-trip'e-tsil. 


sen-trip'?-t^. 


CER'USE, 


ser'use, 


se'ruse. 


se'ruse. 


se'ruse. 


se'ruse. 


se'ruse. 


CHA-GRIN', 


sh?i-green', 


sha-green', 


sha-green', 


sh^-green'. 


shit-green', 


shjt-green'. 


CHAL'DRON, 


chaw'drun. 


cha'drun. 


chai'drun, 


chai'drun, 


cha'drun. 


chawl'drun 


CHAL'ICE, 


chal'is, 


cLril'is, 


kal'is, 


chal'is. 


chal'is. 


chal'is. 


CIIAM'OIS, (sham'e 


i) sha-mo?'. 


sha-moe', 


sham'e, 


shEi-moe', 


shji-mo?'. 


shai-mof'. 


CHAM-PaIGN', 


ch^m-pane'. 


sham 'pane. 


sham-pane'. 


sham-pane'. 


cham'pane. 


sham'pane. 


CHAP'E-RON, 




. shap-?r-66n', 


shap'?-rone, 
chart. 






shap'er-8Sn. 
kart, chart. 


CHART, 


kSrt, chart, 


kart, chart. 


kart, chart. 


chart, kart, 


CHaS'TEN, (cha'sn; 


) cha'stn, 


chase'tn, 


clnase'n. 


chase'tn. 


chasn. 


chase'tn. 


CHAS'TISE-MENT. 


, chas'tjz-ment. 


chas'tiz-mSnt, 


ch^-tlze'raent,j^^g^,jj^.^g„ 
chase^iz-ment, ) 


chas'tjz-ment. 


chas'tiz-mgnt 


CHAS'TI-TY, 


chase 't?-t?. 


Chas'te-te, 


chase'te-te. 


chas't?-te, 


chas'te-te, 


chas'te-tf. 


CHEER'FUL, 


cher'ful. 


( cheer'ful, 
i cher'ful. 


1 cheer'ful. 


chger'ful. 


( cher'ful, 
( cheer'ful. 


1 cheer'ful. 


CHERUBIC, 


ch?-ru'bik. 


che-ru'bjk, 


che-ru'bjk. 


ch?-ru'b}k, 


ch?-ra'bjk. 


ch^-ru/bik 


CHI'NA, 


cha'n?. 


cha'na, chi'nii, 


chl'n?. 


cha'nEi, 


chl'n?, cha'n?, 


chi'na. 


Sheridan. 


Walker. 


Perry. 


Jones. 


Fulton Sr Wnight. 


Jameson. 


lUll'sin-ii-ttjr-?, 


k^il-sln'a-tur-?, 


k^l-sln'HT-J"? 


f 


. . . 


^ . . . . k5il-sJn'5i-tvr-r 



Webster 
eHIRO-MAN-CY, 
CHIV'AL-RY, 
CHIVES, 
CHOIR, (quire) 
CHOP'IN, 

CHOR'IS-TER, 

CHRIS T-IAN'I-TY, 

CLAR'ION, 

CLERK, 

CLl-MAC'TER-IC. l 

CLOTHES, 

CL6UGH, (kluf ) 

CLYS'TER, 

CO-AD-JO'TANT, 

CO'BALT, 

COCH'I-NEAL, 

COCKSWAIN, 

COGNIZANCE, 

COM'BAT, 
COM-MEND'A-BLE. 

COM'MENT, V. 
eOM'MIS-SURE, 

COM-MO'DI-OUS, 

COMPATRIOT, 

COMPENSATE, 

COM'PLOT, 

COM'PORT, 

COM'RADE, 

CON-FESS'OR, 

CON'FI-DANT, 

CONFISCATE, v. 

C0N-FR6NT', 

CON'GE, n. 



eON-NOlS-SEtJR', k5-nis-so6r', 

€ON-SIST'0-RY, kon'sis-tur-e, 

€ON-SOL'A-TO-RY, kon-s6'la-tur-e, 

eON'STEL-LATE, kon-stel'late, 

€ON'STI-TU-TlVE, kon-stit'tu-tiv, 

CON'STRUE, kon stur, 



Sheridan. 
ki'f9-man-s?, 
shiv'5il-re, 
shivz, 
kwire, 
sho-peen', 

kwer'js-ter, 

kris-tyao'f-t?, 

klar'yun, 

Mark, 

kloze, 

glis'ter, 
ko-ad'ju-tEint, 
kob'altj 
kiich'in-eel, 

kok'sun, 
kon'e-zgins, 

kum'but, 
2 

kom'ment, 
kom'mish-Qre, 

kom-mo'dyus, 

kom-pa'tre-ut, 

kom-pen'sate, 

kom'plot, 

kom-port', 

kum'rade, 

kon'fes-sur, 

kon-fe-dant', 

kon-fis'kate, 

kon-front', 



CON-SULT', n. 



kon-sult', 



CONSUMMATE, v. kon-sum'met, 
CONTEMPLATE, kon-tem'plate, 
CON'TEM-PLA-TOR. 3 



CON'TENT, 71. 

CON'TRlTE, 

CON-VeN'IENT, 

CON-VENT'I-CLE, 

CON'VER-SANT, 

Co'NY, 

Co'aUET-RY, 

CORD'IAL, 

COR'OL-LA-RY, 

COUR'IER, 

C6URT'E-0US, 

C6V'ET-0US, 

CREEK, (krik) 

CROC'O-DlLE, 



kon-tent', 

kon'trite, 

kon-ve'nyent, 

kon'ven-tikl, 
1 kon'ver-sent, 
' kon-ver'sfnt, 

kun'ne, 

kQ-ket're, 

kor'dyal, 

kor'o-l^ir-e, 

koo'ryer, 

kur'chus, 

kuv've-chus, 

kreek, 

krok'9-dil, 



SYNOPSIS. » 

Walker. Perry. Jones. Fulton 4' Knight. Jameson. 

kir'9-man-s?, kj-rom'an-s?, kir'9-man-se, kir'9-man-s?, ki'ro-m5n-s?. 

chiv'al-re, shiv'al-re, chiv'al-re, chiv'al-re, shiv'al-re 

chivz, cliivz, chivz, chlvz, chivz 

kwire, koir, kwire, kwire, kae'ur, kwire, koir, kwire 

cho-peen', chop'in, ch9-peen', chop'in, ch9-peen' 

kwir'}S-ter, \ ^or'is-ter, | kg^'is-ter, kwir'is-ter, kor'is-t?r 

( kwir'is-ter, ) 

kris-che-an'?-t?, kris-te-an'e-te, kris-che-&n'?-t?, kris-tye-Sn'f-t?, kris'be-SLn'e t§ 

klare'yun, klar'e-un, klar'e-un, kla're-un, klar'e-un 

klark, klark, klark, klark, klark. 

kloze, klotnz, klothz, kl5ze, klottz, klot&z, kloze. 

klou, klof, klof, #lof, kluf. 

klis'ter, klis'ter, glis'ter, glis'ter, klis'ter. 

k9-ad'ju-t^nt, ko-Eid-ju'taint, k9-ad'ju-tjnt. 

kob'alt, kob'alt, kob'ult, kob'alt, kobilt. 

kuch'in-eel, kuch'e-ngSl, koch'in-eel, kiich'in-eel, koch-in-eel'. 

, -, , . «, , ( kok'swane, 

kok'sn, kok'sn, < , -, , 

' ' I kok'sn. 

kog'ne-z^ns, J ks^'e-z^ns, \ kSg'n^-^vns, j kSg/^e-zans, kon'e-z^s. 

kon'e-zsins, ) " ( kon'e-zuns, ) 

kiim'bat, kom'bEit, kiim'but, kiim'bat, kom^bat. 

kom'ment, kom-ment', k9m-ment', kom'ment, kom'm?nt. 

kom-mish'Qre, kom-mis'shiire, k9m-mish'iire, kom-mish'Qre, I<9m-iiiis Qre. 

om-mo e-us, I kom-mo'de-us, kom-mo'de-us, kom-mo'dyus, kom-mo'de-us. 

kora-m5'j?-us, ) ' ' ' 

kom-pa'tre-ut, kom-pa'tre-ut, k9m-pa'tre-ut, k9m-pa'tre-ut, k9m-pa'tre-ut. 

kom-pen'sate, kom-pen'sate, kom-pen'sate, kom-pen'sate, kom-pen'sate 

kom'plot, kom-plot', kom'plot, kom'plot, kom-plbt'. 

kom'pSrt, kom-pojt', kom'port, kom'port, kom'port. 

kiim'rade, kiim'rade, kiim'rade, kiim'rade, kom'rade. 

kon'fes-sur, kon-fes'sur, kon'fes-sur, kon'fes-sur, kon'fes-sur. 

kon-fe-dant', kon'fe-dant, kon'fe-dant, kon-fe-dSnt', kon-fe-dant'. 

k9n-fis'kate, kon-fis'kate, kon-fis'kate, kon-fis'kate, kon-fis'kate. 

k9n-front', kun-fi-iint', kon-friint', ken-front', kon-fronl'. 

k9n-jee', kon'je, kon-jee', i f °"^.'J^' f"^''>.-, 

( kon-jSe', kong-zha' 

ko-nis-saxe', kon-nis-silre', kon-nis-sure', kon-nis-siire', ko-nis-sare'. 

kon'sjs-tur-e, kon'sis-to-re, kon'sis-tur-e. kon'sjs-tur-e, kon'sjs-tur-e. 

k9n-sol'a-tur-e, kon-so'la-to-re, kon-sol'a-tur-e, kon-sol'a-tur-e, kon-sol a-tur-? 

k9n-stel'late, k9n-stel'late, kon-stel'late, kon-stel'late. 

kon'ste-tu-tiv, kon'ste-tu-tiv, kon'ste-tu-tiv, kon'ste-tii-tiV, kon'ste-tu-tiv. 

i kon'stru, ) kSn'strii, kon'stru, kon'strii, kon'strii. 

! kon'stur, ) 

I ^°"'^""' '^°"'^^"' \ kon'sult, kon'siilt. 

! k9n-sult', k9n-siilt', ) 

kon-siim'mate, k9n-siim'mate, k9n-siim'met, k9n-siim'mate, kon-siim'mate. 

k9n-tem'plate, kon-tem'olate, ±9n-tem'plate, kon-tem'plate, kon-tem'plate. 

|k9n-tent', | k9n-tent', k9n-tent', kon-tent', k9n-tent'. 

i kon'tent, ) ' 

kon'trite, kon-trite', kon'trite, kon'trite, kon'trite. 

kon-ve'ne-ent, kon-ve'ne-ent, kon-ve'ne-ent, kon-ve'nyent, kon-ve'ne-em, 

k9n-ven'te-kl , k9n-ven'te-kl, kon'ven-te-kl, kon-ven'te-kl, kon-ven'te-ki 

kon'ver-sctnt, / kon-ver'sant, j kon'ver-sunt, kon'vers-ant, | kon'ver-sant. 

k9n-ver's^nt, ) ( kon-ver'sunt, k9n-vers'ant, ) " ' 

kiin'ne, kun'ne, kiin'ne, kun'ne, kiin'ne. 

ko-ket're, k9-ket're, k9-ket're, k9-ket're, k9-ket're. 

kor'je-al, kor'de-al, kor'de-ul, kor'dyal, kor'de-al. 

kor'9-lar-e, kbr'o-la-r?, kor'9-lar-e, kor'ol-lar-e, kor'o-lar-e. 

koo'reer, koo're-a, koo-reer', k66'reer, k6o-reer'. 

kiir'che-us, kiir'clie-us, kur'te-us, kiirt'yus, kore'te-us. 

kuv'e-tiis, kiiv'et-iis, kQv've-tiis, kiiv'et-iis, kiiv'e-tiis. 

kreek, kreek, kreek, kreek, kreek. 

krok'9-dil, krok'o-dil, krok'9-dil, krok'o-dil, krok'9-dllo 



Sheridan. 

1 kli-mak-ter'rik 

2 kom-men'da-bl 
2 kom'm?n-d9-bl 
^ kon't?m-pla-tur, 



Walker. 
klim-ak-ter'rik, 
kom'm?n-da-bl, 
k9m-men'da-bl, 
k9n-tem'pla-tur, 



Perry. 
kli-mak-ter'rjk, 
k9m-men'da-bl, 
kon-tem'pla-tur, 



Jones. 
klim-Eik-ter'rik, 
k9m-men'daL-bl, 
k9n-tem'pla-tyr, 



Fulton Sf Knight. 
klim-^k-ter'rik, 
kom'm?n-d§i-bl, 
k9D-tem'pia-tur, 



Jameson. 
klim-ak-ter'rjk. 
kgm-men'da-bl 
k9n-tem'pJa-tiiir. 



XI* 

Webster Sheridan. 

€RIJP'PER, krup'per, 

€3d<€UM-BER, kow'kum-b?r, 
€UI-RASS',(kwe-rasi) ku'ras, 

€UiSH, (kwis) kush, 

eu'NEI-FORM, ku-ne'e-form, 

eUP'BoARD, kub'burd, 

CYN'0-SURE, si'no-sure, 



SYNOPSIS. 



Walker. 
krup'p?r, 
kow'kum-ber, 
kw?-ras', 
kwis, 

ku-ne'e-form, 
kub'burd, 
sin'o-shure, 
. si'no-shure, 



Perry. 
krup'per, 
kow'kum-b?r, 
kwe'raSj 
kwish, 
ku-ne'e-ffirra, 
kiSp'bord, 
si'no-sure, 
sin'o-sure, 



Jones. 
krup'per, 
kuk'um-ber, 
kwe'rus, 
kwis, 

kiip'burd, 
■ sin'9-sure. 



Pulton ^ Knight. Jameson. 

krup'per, krup'pfr. 

kowfkijm-b?r, 

kw?-ras', 

kwis, 



kub'burd, 
I sin'9-sure, 
I si'no-sure. 



ku'kum-bff 

kwf-rSs' 
kwis. 
ku-ne'e-form. 
kub'burd. 

si'n9-shure 



DAUNT, 

Deaf, 

de-cep'to-ry, 

decorous, 

DE-CRe'TAL, 

DECUSSATE, 
DE-FlLE', 
DEMONSTRATE, 
DEM'ON-STRA-TOR. 

DEN'I-GRATE, 

DE-PIL'A-TO-RY, 

DER-NIER', 

DESI€€ATE, 

DE-SiGN', 

DES'UL-TO-RY, 

DIAMOND, 

DIM'IS-SO-RY, 

Dl'O-OE-SAN, 

DIS'eOUNT, V. 

DIS-eREP'ANCE, 

DIS-€REP'ANT, 

DIS-€Re'TIVE, 

DIS'PU-TA-BLE, 

DIS-SYL'LA-BLE, 

DI-VER-TIZE', 

Do'OI-BLE, 

Do'ClLE, 

DONATIVE, 

DRAMA, 

DU-RESS', 

DIZ^'NAS-TY, 
DYS-PEP'SY, 



da.wnt, 
def, 

de-sep'tur-e, 
d?-ko'rus, 

de-kre'tal, 

de-kiis'sate, 

defe-15, 

d?-mon'strate, 

de-ni'grate, 

de-pl'la-tiir-e, 

dern-yare', 

de-sik'kate, 

de-zine', 

des'ul-tur-e, 

di'raund, 

di-mis'so-re, 

di-os'se-san, 

dis-kount', 

dis'kre-pans, 

dis'kre-p^int, 

dis'kre-tiv, 

dis'py-ta-bl, 
dis'sil-la-bl, 

dos'sibl, 

dos'sil, 

do'na-tiv, 

dra'ma, 

du'res, 

dl'nas-te, 
dis'pep-se, 



E€-€HYM'0-SIS, ek-k?-mo'sis 
E€H'I-NUS, §-ki'nus, 

E-€LaIR'CiSSE-MENT. 2 
E-eLAT', (e-kla') e-kliw', 
E'DI€T, 



E-LE'6I-Ae, 
EM-BRA-StJRE', 
EM'PIR-ie, n. 

EM-PY-Re'AN, 

EN-€oRE', 
ENERVATE, 
EN-FEOFF', (fef) 
EN-<7-EL'0P, 
EN-VI'RONS, 



e'dikt, 
el-^-ji'jk, 
em-br§i-zh6or'. 
em'pe-rik, 

em-p9-re'fin, 

ong-kore', 
e-ner'vate, 
en-feef, 
on-vf-lope', 

on-v?-ronz', 



dant, 
def, 

des'ep-tyr-e, 
de-k5'ru3, 
de-kre'tal, 
' dek'r?-tal, 
de-kus'sate, 
de-file'. 



dawnt, ddnt, dant. 



def, 

de-sep'to-re, 

dek'9-rus, 

de-kre't^l, 

de-kus'sate, 
d?-flle'. 



def. 



ddnt, 
def, 



de-ko'rus, 
de-kre't^l, 

d?-kus'sate, 
de-file' 



df-k5'rus, 
de-kre'tal, 

d?-kus'sate, 
d?-file', 



de-mon'strate, de-raon'strate, d§-mon'strate, d?-mon'strate, 



dant. 

def. 

des'fp-tur-e 

de-ko'rus. 

de-kre't5il, 

dek'r?-tEd. 

de-kus'sate. 

d§-file'. 

de-mon'strate. 



den'e-grate, j den'e-grate, d?-ni'grate, de-ni'grate, den'e-grate. 

de-ni'grate, ) 

de-pil'fi-tur-e, de-pil'a-to-rf, de-pi'l?.-tvr-f. 

dern-yare', der'ne-er, dern-yare', dern-yare'. 

de-sik'kate, de-sik'kate, de-sik'kate, de-sik'kate, de-sik'kate 

d?-sine', de-sine', de-sine', df-sine', de-zine'. 

des'ul-tur-e, des'ul-to-re, des'ul-tur-?, des'ul-tur-e, des'ul-tur-e 

di'a-mund, di'$i-mund, di'mund, j di'*-™'^']^*^' \ di'si-mund. 

■ 'I di'raund, ) 

dim'j3-sur-§, dim'is-sur-?, dim'is-sur-e, diro'le-siar-* 

di-03'Sf-san, di-os'e-ssin, di-os'se-sun, di-os'?-san, di-os'se-san 

dis-kount', dis-kount', dis-kount', dis-kount', dis-kount'. 

dis'kre-pans, dis'kre-pans, dis'kre-puns, dis'kre-pcins, dis'kre-pan^ 

dis'kre-pant, dis'kre-pant, dis'kre-pant 

dis-kre'tiv, dis-kre'tiv, dis-kre'tiv. 

I dis'pu-ta-bl, Kj -,t^_^j dis'pu-ta-bl, dis'py-tgt-bl, [dis'pu-ta-bl, 

' dis-pu'ta-bl, ^ • f • ' f. . , i-v v , ^ dis-pu'ta-bL 

dis'sil-la-bl, dis-sil'la-bl, dis'sil-lfi-bl, dis-sil'l?t-bl, dis-sil'lj-bl 

de-ver'tiz, de-ver'tiz, di-ver'tiz 

dos'e-bl, do'se-bl, dos's?-bl, dos'e-bl, dos'e-bL 

dos'sil, do'si!, dos'il, dos'sil. 

don'si-tiv, don'a-tiv, don'si-tiv, don'a-tiv, don'gi-ti^ 

dra'ma, dram'ma,dr'a'ma, dra'ma, dra'msi, dra'mji. 

dii'res, du'res, du'res, dii'r?s. 

jdi'nas-te, | di'nas-t? , din'^is-t?, j din'?s-t?, j din'as-t* 

Idin'as-te, ) ' "" ^ ^' < di'nas-te, ) 

dis'pep-se, dis'pep-se, dis'pep-s« 

ek-k?-m6'sis, ek-kl-m5's}3 

e-ki'nus. 

e-kl3.w', e-kla', ek-kla', ?-kl§Lw', ek-kla' 

e'djkt, ed'ikt, e'dikt, 5'dikt, 5'dikt, e'dpct. 

el-e-ji'^k, i!:^^'-'-:^'^' lel-e-ji'ak, gl-?-ji'§tk, gI-?-ji'?k. 

( el-e-ji'ak, ) 

em-bra'zhiire, em'bra-zure', em-bra'zhQre, em-bra'zhur, ?m-bra'zhure 

j em'pe-rik, em'pe-rik, J g^, jk j gm'pe-rik, L^.pjr/ife. 

f em-pir'ik, em-pir'ik, ) ( em-pir'ifc, ) 

I em-pe-re'an, ?m-pir'e-an, ; ( em-pe-re'^n, em-pe-re'an, 

! em-pir'e-an, em-pe-re'an, ) ( em-pir'e-jn, ?m-pir'e-^n 

ong-kore', on-k5re', ong-kore', ang-kore', ong-kore'. 

?-ner'vate, ?-ner'vate, ?-ner'vate, e-ner'vate, e-ner'vate. 

en-feef, en-fef, ?n-fef', en-fef, en-feef. 

on-ve-lope', en'v?-lope, 6n-ve-lope', an-ve-l6pe', ong-ve-lope'. 

j on-ve-ronz', ^n.^j^runz, on-v?-ronz', anVe-ronz, I en've-runz, 

[ en-vi'runs, > ( en-vi'runz. 



Sheridan. 
1 d€m'un-6tra-tyr 



Walker. 
{ dem-m9n-stra'tur. 



Perry. 
dem-un-stra'tur. 



( d?-mon'stra-tur 
8 ?k-W^"'siz-ni!5pt, fk-klare's}z-ment, a-klare'sjs-nion, fk-klare's^z-Tnong, e-klaxe'sjz-mang, ?k 



Jones. Fulton ^ Knight. Jameson. 

dem-mon-stra'tur 

8jz-ment 







s 


YNOPSIS. 






Xiii 


Weostet 


Sheridan. 


Walker. 


Perry. 


Jones. 


Fulton ![ Knight. Jameson. 


EPH'OD, 


ef'9d. 


ef'od, e'fod, 


efod. 


efod. 


ef9d. 


6f9d. 


EPieUREAN, 


gp-?-ku-re'§in, 


ep-e-ku-re'911. 


ep-e-ku-re'?n. 


ep-e-ku-re'pii 


ep-^-ku-re'sin, 


ep-?-ky-rS'?n. 


E'POCH, 


ep'9k, 


ep'ok, e'pok. 


e'pok. 


ep'9k. 


ep'9k. 


ep'9k. 


EP'ODE, 


gp'ode. 


ep'ode, e'pode. 


ep'ode, e'pode. 


ep'ode. 


ep'ode, 


ep'ode. 


E'aUE-RY, 


f Kwer'?, 


e-kwer'e. 


efc'wer-re. 


e-kwer'f. 


?-kwer'r?. 


e'kwer-?. 


ER'RAND, 


&r'r5ind, 


arrsind. 


er'r^nd, 


er'rund, 


( er'rund, 
( ar'r^md, 


j er'rand. 


ER'U-DlTE, 
ES-SaYTST 




er-y-dite', 
es-sa'ist, 

yu-r9-pe'an. 


er'u-dit. 






er'vi-dite. 





es'sa-ist 






es'sji-ist. 


EU-RO-Pe'AN, 


yu-r9-pe'?a, 


j yu-ry-p5'an. 


I yu-ro-pe'an. 






^ 






l yu-ro'pe-an, 


) 






E-VAN-GEL'I-€AL, 


e-v?n-jel'e-kal, 


ev-an-jel'e-kal, 


e-van-jel'e-kal, 


e-van-jel'e-k^l 


ev-an-jel'e-kstl, 


e-VEm-jel'§-k£il 


EX-A-CERB'ATE, 


eks-fi-serbate, 


eks-Ss'er-bate, 


eks-as'er-bate. 







6gz-9-ser'b?ite. 


EX'EM-PLA-RY, 


egz'em-pljr-e. 


egz'em-plar-e. 


egz-em'pla-re, 


egz-em'plni-re, 


egz'em-plsir-?. 


6gz'em-plEir-^ 


EX-Pe'DI-ENT, 


?ks-pi3'dzhent, 


( eks-pe'de-ent, 


1 eks-p2'Je-ent, 


eks-p5'd?-ent. 


?ks-pe'dyent. 


eks-pe'de-ent. 


EX'PRO-BRATB, 

EX-PRO-BRA'TIVE 

EXSICCATE, 


eks-pro'brate, 


( eks-pe'je-eiit, 
eks-pro'brate, 
eks-pro bra-tiv, 
ek-sik'kate, 


) 
















eks-sik'kate, 


ek-sik'kate, 


ek-sik'kate, 


ek-sik'kate, 


fk-sik'kate. 


EXTIRPATE, 


ek-ster'pate, 


ek-ster'pate, 


ek-ster'pate, 


ek-ster'pate, 


ek-ster'pate. 


ek-ster'pate 


EXUDATE, 


ek-su'date. 


ek-su'date, 


t;k-su'date. 


ek-su'datej 


fk-su'date, 


ek-su'date. 


E^RE, 


are, 


are. 


iU-e, 


are, 


are, 


are. 


EY'RY, 


e're. 


a're, 


a're, 


a're, 


a're, 


a'r?. 


FAB'Rie, 


fab'rjk. 


f ab'rik, f a'brjk 


, fab'rik, 


fab'rik, 


fab'rik, 


< fab'rik, 
\ f a'brjk. 


FAC-ADE', (fas-sade 


) 




fFi-sade', 






fsi-sad'. 


FAC'UND, 


fa-kund'. 


fak'und, 




fak'und. 


fak'und. 




FALCHION, 


fai'chun. 


fall'chun, 


fal'che-un. 


fai'chun, 


rai'shun. 


fai'shun. 


FAL'CON, 


faw'kn. 


fa.w'kn. 


fai'kn, 


fav/'kn. 


faw'kn. 


fawku. 


FAL'CON-ER, 


f§,wk'nur, 


faw'kn-ur, 


fai'kn-ur. 


f-a.w'kn-ur. 


faw'kn-er, 


faw'kn-er. 


FAN'FA-RON, 


fan'fa-ron, 


fan-fci-rone', 
/-fare'wel. 


fan'fa-run, 
f4re-wel'. 








fan'fa-ron. 






)fare-wgl'. 


fire'wel, 


>fare-wei', 


( far-wel', 
•( f are-wel', 


fare-wel', 


FAREWELL, 


far-wel'. 


\farwel. 


far-wel'. 


fare'wel. 






(far-wel'. 


far'wel, 


J 






FAS'C'INE, 


f^s-eeen', 


fas-seen'. 


f^s-seen'. 


fas-seen'. 


fas-seen', 


fas-seen'. 


FAULT, 


fawt. 


fawit. 


fa wit, 


fawlt, 


fawlt. 


fawlt. 


Fe'AL-TY, 


feel'te, 


fe'5il-te, 


fe'al-te, 


fe'ul-te. 


fe'al-te. 


feel'te. 


FeAR'FUL, 


fer'ful. 


feer'ful, fer'ful 


feer'fyl, 


feer'ful. 


feer'ful, fer'ful 


, feer'ful. 


Fe'BRiLE, 


fe'brile. 


feb'ril. 


fe'bril. 


fe'bril, 


fe'bril. 


fe'bril. 


FE'CUND, 


f?-kund'. 


fek'und. 


fe-kiind', 


fek'und, 


fek'und. 





FEOFF, (fef ) 


fef, 


fef. 


fef. 


fef, 


fef. 


feef. 


FEOF-FEE', 


feffe. 


feffe, 


fef-fee'. 


feffe, 


feffe, 


fef-fee' 


FET'ID, 


fet'id, 


fet'id. 


fe'tid. 


fet'id, 


fet'id. 


fet'id. 


FIEND, 


feend. 


feend, 


feend. 


feend. 


feend. 


feend. 


FIERCE, 


fgrs. 


f eers, f ers. 


feers. 


feers. 


feers, fers. 


feers. 


FLAUNT, 


flant. 


flant, 


flawnt. 


flant, 


flant. 


flant. 


FORE-FA'THER, 


fore-fii'tRur, 


fore-fa'thur. 


fore'fa-ther. 


fore'fa-thur. 


fore-fa'tfier. 


fore'fa-tli?r. 


FORE-FIN'GER, 


fore'fing-gur. 


fore'fing-gur, 


fore'fin-ger, 






fore'fing-ger. 


FORT'NIGHT, 


fart'nite. 


fort^nlte, 


fort'nit, 


fart'nite, 


fort'nite. 


fort'nite. 


FOR'TUNE, 


far'tune, 


for'cliune, 


for'tune. 


far'chune, 


for'tune, 


for'tune. 


FRANK-IN'CENSE, 


frank'in-sens, 


frangk'in-sens. 


frank'in-sens, 


frank'in-sens. 


frangk'in-sens. 


frangk'in-sens 


FRAT'RI-ClDE, 


frat'tre-side. 


frat're-slde, 


fra'tre-slde. 


frat're-side. 


frSt're-side, 


frat're-side. 


FREE'THINK-ER, 


fre-think'er. 


fre-thingk'er. 


fre-think'er, 


fre'think-er. 


fre'think-er, 


fre-thingk'er 


FRE'aUENT, V. 


fre-kwent', 


fre-kwent', 


fre-kwent', 


fre'kwent. 


fre-kwent'. 


fre-kwent 


FRONT, 


front, 


frunt, front, 


friint. 


frunt. 


friint. 


friint. 


FRONT-IeR', 


fron'tyer, 


( fron'cheer, 
( front'yeer, 


I fron'teer. 


front'yeer. 


front'yeer. 


V 

frSn'teer 


FUL'SOME, 


ful'sum. 


ful'sum, 


ful'sum. 


fiil'sum. 


ful'sum. 


fiil'sum 


FU'SI-BLE, 


fu'se-bl, 


fu's?-bl. 


fu'ze-bl. 


fii'ze-bl, 


fu'ze-bl. 


fa'ze-bl 


FtJ'SIL, 


fii-zee'. 


fu-zee'. 


fu'zil. 


fu-zee'. 


fu-zee'. 


fii'zn. 


GABARDINE, 


gab-ar-deen'. 


gab-9r-deen', 


gab'jr-deen. 


gab-ar-deen', 


gab-ar-d5en'. 


gab-ar-deen' 


GAIN-SaY', 


gane'sa, 


gane-s5', 


gane'sa, 


gane-sa'. 


gane-sa'. 


gane-sa'. 


GAL'AX-Y, 


ga'lak-se. 


ga!'lak-se, 


ga-iak's9. 


gal'lak-se. 


gai'l?ik-se. 


gai'l?k-9e. 


GEL'A-BLE, 


je'la-bl, 


jgl'a-bl, 


je'lsi-bl. 


jel'a-bl. 


jel'si-bl, 


jel'^-bl. 


6IeR'eA-GLE, 


ger'egl. 


j6r'e-gl. 






. j6r'e-gl. 




eiR'AN-DOLE, 






je'ran-dole, 
je'ra-sol, 






je'r^n-dole. 


GIR'A-SOLE, 


ji'r?i-s5le, 


jir'a-sole, 




. jT'ra-sole. 


GLa'CIS, 


gla'sis, 


gla'sis, gla-segz 


, gla'sis. 


gla'sis. 


gla'sjs, gla-sgez', gla'sjs. 


GLAD-I-a'TOR, 


gl?-dya'tyr, 


gl&d-?-a'tur, 


glad-f-a'tuur, 


giad-?-a'tur, 


giad-e-a'tLU-, 


giad-f-a'tur. 



SYNOPSIS. 



Wehster. 


Sheridan. 


IValker. 


Perry 


Jones. 


Fulton 4- Knii 


rht. Jameson. 


SOLD, 


goold, 


gold, goold. 


gold, goSId, 


gold, 


gold, goold, 


gold. 


G0U6E, 


gooje. 


gSSje, 


gouje. 


gSSje, 


gS&je, 


g66je. 


Gourd, 


goord. 


gord, goord. 


goord. 


gSord, 


goord, gord, 


goSrd. 


GRAN'A-RY, 


gran'a-re. 


gran'Ei-re, 


gra'na-re. 


gran'?i-r?, 


gran'a-re, 


gra'na-re. 


GRaNT'OR, 


graut'ur. 


gr5nt-tor'. 


grant'ur, 


grant'ur, 


grant'ur. 


grant'ur. 


GRINDSTONE, 


grind'stone, 


grind'stone. 


grind'stone. 


grind'stme, 


grind'stone, 


grind'stone 


GUaIA'€UM, 


gwa'a-kiim. 


gwa'ya-kum, 


gwa'ya-kiim, 


gwa'a-kQm, 


gwa'a-kiim. 





GUARD, 


gard, 


gyard. 


gard, 


gyard. 


gyard. 


gard. 


GUIDE, 


gyide, 


gyide, 


gide. 


gyide. 


gyide, 


gide. 


6YM-NAS'TI€, 


jim-nas'tik, 


jjm-nas'tik, 


jim-nas'tjk. 


jim-nas'tik, 


jim-nas'tik, 


gim-nas'tik 


6YP'SUM, 






jip'sum, 
jivz, 






. ffin sum . 


e^VES, 


givs, 


jivz. 


jivz. 


jivz, 


jivz. 


HAL'CY-ON, 


hal'shuu, 


hal'she-un. 


hal'she-un, 


hal'se-un. 


hal'she-un. 


hal'she-un. 


ilALE, V. 


hail. 


hale, h^l, 


hill. 


hale, 


hale, hMl, 


hale. 


HALF'-PEN-NY, 


ha'pen-ne, 


ha'pen-ne, 


ha'pen-n?, 


ha'pen-ne, 


ha'pen-ne, 


ha'pen-n?. 


(hap- or ha'pen-ne) 


) 












HAli'LOO, V. i. 


hal-loo', 


hal-166'. 


ha-rang', 
hatch'el, 






. hcil-lo6' 


HARANGUE, 


ha-rang', 
hak'kl, ' 




ha-rang', 
h^l. 


h^-ran^ 
hak'kl. 


HATCHEL, 


hak'kl," 


hak'kl, 


HAUNT, 


hant, haunt. 


hant. 


hant. 


hant, 


hant, 


hant. 


HkARD, 


herd. 


herd, 


herd. 




. 


. herd. 


He^BRA-ISM, 


hebra-izm, 


heb'ra-izm, 


he'bra-izmj 


heb'ra-izm. 


heb'rsi-izm. 


he'hx^-izva. 


HEEdElA-IST, 


he-bra'ist, 


heb'ra-ist. 


he'bra-ist. 


heb'ra-ist, 


heb'ra-ist, 


he'brei-ist. 


HE-6I'RA, 


he-jI'ra, 


\ he-ji'ra, 
( hed'je-ra. 


1 he-ji'ra. 


he-ji'ra. 


he-ji'i-^t, 


( he-ji'r?, 
\ hed>je-rsi 


HEIGHT, 


hite, 


hite, hate, 


hite, 


hite, 


hite. 


hite. 


HEI'NOUS, 


he'nus, 


ha'nus. 


ha'nus. 


ha'nus. 


ha'nus. 


he'nus 


HEM'I-STI€H, 


he-mis' tjk, 


he-mis'tik. 


hem'is-tik. 


he-mis'tik. 


he-mis'tik. 


he-mis'tA. 


HER-€U'LE-AN, 






her-ku'le-an. 




her-ku'le-^n. 


her-ku-le'an. 


HER-E-DIT'A-MENT, 1 












HERESIAR€H, 


he-re'syark, 


he-re'zhe-ark. 


he-re'zhe-ark. 




he-re'zhe-ark. 





HER'0-lNE, 


hero-in. 


her'o-in. 


he'ro-in, 


hei^9-in. 


her'o-in. 


her'o-in. 


HER'O-ISM, 


her'o-izm, 


her'o-izm. 


he'ro-izm. 


her'o-izm. 


her'9-izm. 


her'9-izm. 


HET'E-R0-€LITE, 


het-e-ro-klite', 


het'er-o-klite, 


het'e-ro-klit, 


het'er-9-klite, 


het'er-o-klite, 


het'er-o-klite 


HET-E-RO-GE'NE-OUS. 2 , 












HI€€OUGH, 
HICK'UP, 


1 hik'kup, 


( hik'kup, 
( hik'kof. 


1 hik'kof. 


hik'kup. 


hik'kup, 


1 hik'kup. 
/ hik'kof. 


filD'E-OUS, 


hid'yus, 


( hid'e-us, 
( hid'je-us. 


1 hid'e-iis. 


hid'e-us, 


hid'yus. 


hid'f-us. 


HIEROPHANT, 


hi"-e-ro-fant', 
his-tor'e-fi. 


hi-er'o-fant. 
his-tor'e-fi. 










HISTORIFY, 


is-tor'e-fi. 


his-tor'e-fi, 


his-tor'e-fi, 


his-tor'e-fi. 


HOM'0-GE-NY, 


ho-mog ge-ne, 


ho-mod'je-ne. 


ho-mod'je-ne, 


ho-mod'je-ne. 


h9-mod'je-ne. 


hom'o-je-ne 


HORIZON, 


ho-ri'zun, 


ho-ri'zon, 


( hg-ri'zun, 
I hor'e-zun. 


1 ho-ri'zun, 


h9-ri'zun. 


h9-ri'zun 


Ho'R0-L06E, 


ho'ro-loje. 


hor'o-lodje. 


hor'o-lodje, 


hor'9-loje, 


hor'o-lodje. 


hor'9-loje 


HO-ROL'0-GY, 


ho'ro-lo-je. 


ho-rol'o-je. 


h9-rol'o-je, 







. h9-rol'o-je 


HOSPI-TAL, 


S.wspe-tal, 


os'pe-tal. 


hos'pe-tal, 


aws'pe-tal, 


os'p?-t^l, 


hos'pe-tEil. 


HOS'TLER, (hosier) 


os'Iur, 


os'ler. 


ost'ler, 


os'Iur, 


os'ler, 


ost'ler. 


HOUSE' WIFE, 


huz'wif. 


huz'wif, 


huz'if, 


huz'if. 


huz'wif. 


huz'zif. 


HOUSE'WIFE-RY, 


huz'wif-re, 


huz'wif-re. 


hiiz'if-re. 


hiiz'if-re, 


hiiz'wif-re. 


huz'zif-re. 


HOVER, 


hov'ur. 


hiiv'ur, 


hov'er. 


huv'ur, 


huv'er. 


hov'er. 


HUM'BLE, 


um'bl. 


um'bl. 


iim'bl. 


iim'bl. 


iim-'bl. 


hiim'bl. 


Htf'MOR, 


yu'mur. 


yu'mur. 


yum'ur, 


yii'mur, 


yu'mur. 


yii'mur. 


HUND'RED, 


hun'durd, 


( hun'dred, 
I hun'durd, 


hiSn'dred, 


hun'dred. 


hiin'dred, 


hiin'dred 


HUS'\\T[FE, 


huz'zif, 


huz'zif, 


huz'if. 


hiiz'zif, 


huz'if. 


hiiz'zif. 


H^-DRO-PHo'BI-A, 


hi-dro-fo-be'a. 


hi-dro-fo'be-a, 


hi-dro-fo'be-51. 


hi-dr9-fo'be-a. 


hi-dr9-f6'be-a. 


hi-dr9-fo'bc-a. 


HY-ME-Ne'AL, 


hira-e-ne'al. 


hi-me-ne'al, 


hi-me-ne'al. 


hi-me-ne'ul. 


hi-me-ne'al, 


hi-me-ne'al. 


H2-ME-Ne'AN, 


him-e-ne'an, 


hl-me-ne'an, 


hi-me-ne'an, 




hi-me-ne'an. 


hi-me-ne'£in. 


HYP-0-€H0N'DRI-A€. 3 












H?-P0T'E-NUSE, 


hi-pot'e-nuse. 


hi-pot'e-nuse. 


hi-pot'e-niise. 




hi-pot'e-niise. 


hi-pot'e-niise 


HYS'SOP, 


hi sup. 


hiz'zup, hi'sup 


his'sup. 


hiz'zup. 


his'sup, hi'sup 


hiz'zup. 


IG-NTT'I-BLE, 


ig'ne-tibl. 


ig-nl'te-bl. 


ig-ni'te-bl. 


ig-ni'te-bl. 


ig-ni'te-bl. 


ig-ni'te-bl. 


IL-LAa'UE-ATE, 


jl-la'kwe-ate 


il-la'kwe-ate. 


il-lak'we-ate, 


il-la'kwe-ate. 


il-la'kwe-ate, 


il-la'kwe-ate. 


IMBE-aLE, 


im-be-seel'. 


( im-bes'sil, 


im-bes'sil. 


1 im-bes'sil. 


im-bes'sil. 


im-bes'sjl. 






i im-be-seel', 


im-be-sil'. 




im-be-seel'. 


aheridan. 


Walker. 


Perry. 


Jones 


Fulton ^ 


Knight. Jameson. 


1 he-red'e-ta-ment, her-e-dit'a-ment. 


her-e-dit'Ei-ment, her-e-dit'si-ment, her-e-dit'a-ment, he- 


red'it-a-ment. 


2 het-er-o-ge'nyus, h 


et-er-o-j5'ne-us, 


l)dt-e-ro-je'ne-us, het-e-ro-je' 


le-us, het-?-r9- 


je'nyus, het 


e-r9-j6'ne-us. 


3 hip-9-k9n-dri'?k, h 


ip-9-kon'dre-a^, 


hip-9-kon'dre- 


ak, hip-o-kon^dr?-ak, hip-o-kon'dre-ak, hi-p9-kon'dre-ak . 







SYNOPSIS. 






XV 


TVehster. 


Sheridan. 


Walker. 


Perry. 


Jones. 


Fulton 4- Knight. Jameson. 


IM-xME'DI-ATE, 


jm-me'dy^it. 


1 ira-me'de-9it, 
1 jm-me'je-at. 


im-me'd?-at, 


im-me'd?-et, 


im-me'dy?it. 


im-me'df-ate 


IM-PIERCE'A-BLE, 


im-pei'sibl, 


jm-peer'sa-bl, 


im-peer's?i-bl, 




........ 


. jm-peer'sgi-bl 


IM-PORT'ANT, 


im-pa.r'tant. 


{ im-p6r'tant, 
I jm-por't^int. 


1 im-por'tiint, 


im-pilr'tjnt, 


im-p6r'tant, 


}m-p5r't5int. 


IM'PRE-€A-TO-RY. 














IM-PROTRI-A-TOR 


2 












IM-PUGN', 


im-pune', 


ira-pune', 


jm-pun', 


im-piine', 


im-pune'. 


im-pune'. 


IM-PU-IS'SANCE, 


im-pu'js-sans. 


ira-pu'{S-sans, 


im-pu-is'sans. 


im-pu'is-suns, 


im-pu'is-ssins. 


im-pu'is-sEins 


IN-AM-0-Ra'TO, 







in-am-Q-ra'to, 


in-am-9-ra'to, 


in-am-o-ra'to. 


in-am-o-ra'to. 


IN-CEND'I-A-RY, 


in-sen'dyar-e, 


{ in-sen'de-£i-re, 
/ in-sen'je-a-re, 


in-sen'de-a-re. 


in-sen'de-a-r?, 


in-sen'dya-re, 


in-sen'de-a-re 


IN-CENS'0-RY, 


in'sen-sur-e, 


in'sen-sur-e, 




in'sen-sur-e. 


in's?ns-ur-e, 


jn-sen'so-re. 


IN-€LIN'A-TO-RY, 


in-kll'nsi-tur-e. 


in-Rlin'a-tur-?, 


jn-kli'na-t?-!'?) 






. jn-klin'a-tur-e. 


IN-€OM-MEN'SU-RA-BLE. 3 












IN-€OM-Mo'DI-OUS 


. 4 












IN-€ON'DITE, 


in-kon-dite', 


in'kon-dite, 


in-kon'dit. 


in-kon'dlte. 


in-kon'dite, 


in'kon-dite. 


IN-€ON-VeN'I-ENT 


. 6 












INDECOROUS, 


in-de-k5'rus, 


{ in-de-ko'rus, 
( in-dek'o-rus, 


> in-dek'o-rus. 


in-dek'o-rus, 


( in-dek'o-rus, 
I in-de-ko'rus. 


j in-de-k5^rus. 


IN-DIS'PU-TA-BLE, 


in-dis'pu-t?-bl, 


( in-dis'pu-ta-bl, 
i in-dis-pu'ta-bl, 


in-dis'pu-tfi-bl 
in-dis-pu'ta-bl 


in-dis'pu-tfi-bl, 


in-dis'pu-ta-bl 


in-dis'pu-t^-bl. 


IN-DI-VID'U-AL, 


in-d?-vid'u-g.l, 


( in-de-vid'ju-aJ, 
( in-de-vid'u-jl, 


1 in-df-vid'u-sil, 


in-de-vid'u-al, 


in-de-vid'u-^1. 


in-de-vid'u-Ji1. 


INDOCIBLE, 


in-dos'i-bl, 


in-dos'e-bl. 


in-do'se-bl, 


in-dos'se-bl, 


in-dos'e-bl, 


in-dos'e-bl. 


INDOCILE, 


in-dos'sil, 


in-dos'sil, 


in-do'sil, 


in-dos'sjl. 


in-dos'il. 


in-dos'sil. 


IN-EX-PeD'I-ENT. 


6 












INTAN-TlLE, 


infan-tile, 


in'fan-tile, 


in'fan-til, 


in'fun-tile, 


in'f^n-tile, 


infan-tre. 


IN-Fe'€UND, 


in-fe-kund', 
in-je'nyus, 


in-fek'und, 
in-je'ne-us, 


in-fe-kund', 
in-je'ne-us, 






in-fek'und 


IN-6e'NI-0US, 


in-je'ne-us. 


in-je'nyus, 


All 1 CIV UliU. 

in-je'ne-gs. 


IN'GRAIN, 


§n-grane', 


en-grane'. 


en-grane'. 


en-grane'. 


en-grane'. 


?n-grane'. 


IN-GRE'DI-ENT, 


in-gre'dzhent, 


in-grS'jent, 


in-gre'de-ent, 


in-gre'de-ent, 


in-gre'dyent, 


in-gre'd<?-ent 


IN-HAB'ILE, 


In-hab'il, 


( in-hab'il, 
I in-a-beel', 


in-hab'il, 
in-a-beel'. 


1 in-hab'il. 


in-hab'il. 




IN-IM'I-€AL, 




in-itn'e-kal, 
in-e-mi'kal. 


1 in-im'e-kal. 


( in-im'e-kul, 
I in-?-rai'kul, 


in-im'e-kal, 
in-e-mi'kal. 


in-im'e-kal, 
in-e-mi'kal 


IN-SID'I-OUS, 


jn-sid'yus. 


{ in-sid'e-us, 

( in-sid'je-us, 

in'shu-lar. 


1 in-sid'e-ug. 


jn-sid'e-us. 


in-sid'yus, 


in-sid'e-us 


IN'SU-LAR, 


in'su-lar, 


in'su-lar, 


in'su-lar. 


in'shu-l?ir. 


in'su-lar. 


IN-TER'€A-LA-RY, 


in-ter'ka-lar-e, 


in-ter-kal'a-re. 


jn-ter'kHa-re, 


in-ter-kal'a-re. 


in-ter-kal'a-re, 


in-ter'kal-a-re 


IN'TER-€AL-ATE, 


in-ter'ka-late. 


in-ter'ka-late, 


jn-ter'ka-late. 






. in-ter'ka-late. 


IN-TER-LO€'U-TOR. 7 












IN'TER-PO-LATE> 


in-ter'po-late, 


in-ter'po-late. 


in-ter'po-late, 


in-ter'po-late. 


in-ter'po-late. 


in-ter'po-late. 


IN'TER-PO-LA-TOR 


, in-ter'po-la-tur, 


in-ter'po-la-tur, 


in-ter'po-la-tur. 


in-ter'po-la-tur. 


in-ter'po-la-tur 


in-ter'po-Ia-t'jr 


IN'TER-STiCE, 


in-ter'stis. 


( in'ter-stis, 
I in-ter'stis, 


1 in'ter-stis, 


in'ter-stis, 


in'ter-stis. 


in-ter'stis. 


IN'VA-LID, 


in-va-leed'. 


in-va-15ed'. 


in-va-leed'. 


ia-va-leed', 


in-v^-leed', 


in-va-leed' 


IN-VID'I-OUS, 


in-vidzh'uSj 


j in-vid'e-us, 
( in-vid'je-us, 


in-vid'e-us. 


in-vid'e-us. 


in-vid'yus, 


in-vid'e-us 


fR-RA'TION-AL, 


ir-rash'9-nfil. 


ir-rash'o-nal, 


ir-rash'o-nal. 


ir-rash'a-nul. 


ir-rash'un-£il, 


ir-rash'o-nal 


ikREFRAGABLE, 


}r-rePfra-ga-bl, 


{ ir-ref fra-ga-bl, 
( ir-re-frag'a-bl. 


ir-re-frag'a-bl. 


ir-ref'fra-ga-bl. 


ir-ref'rat-goi-bl, 


ir-ref'fra-ga-bl 


IR-RE-FtJT'A-BLE, 


ir-re-fu'tfi-bl, 


1 ir-re-fu'ta-bl, 
( ir-refu-ta-bl, 


' ir-re-fu'ta-bl, 


ir-ref 'fu-t^-bl. 


ir-ref y-ta-bl. 


ir-re-fu'tEi-bl 


JA€K'AL, 


jak'-ail, 


jak-kSLll', 


jak-ail , 


jak'ail, 


jak'aii, 


jak-aw. 


JAL'AP, 


jol'lup. 


jal'lup, 


jai'up, 


jol'lup. 


jai'?p, 


jal'lup. 


JONdUIL, 


jun-keel'. 


jun-kwil'. 


jun-kwil'. 


jun-kwil'. 


jun-kwil', 


jung-kwil'. 


JtJ'NI-OR, 


j66'nyur. 


ju'ne-ur. 


ju ne-ur, 


ju'ne-ur. 


ju'ne-ur. 


ju'ne-ur. 


JtJ'VE-NILE, 


ju've-nile. 


jii'v?-nil, 


ju've-niJ, 


ju've-nil. 


ju've-nil. 


ju'v^-nile. 


Shenaan. 


Walker. 


Perry. 


Jones. 


Fulton §• Knight. 


Jameson. 


! jm-prek'Hur-e, im'pre-ka-tur-e, 


im'pre-ka-to-re 


irti'pr§-kfi-tur-?, im'pre-ka-tur-e, im' 


pre-ka-tur-e. 


2 im-pro-pr?-a'tur, im-pro-pre-a'tur, 


im-pro'pr?-a-tur, im-pro-pre 


a'tur, im-pro-pre-a'tur, im- 


pro-pre-a'tur. 


in-kom-men'su- i in 


-kom-men'shu- 


) in-kom-men'shy- | in-kom-men'shu- i in-kom-men'shu- ) in-kom-men'su- j 


ra-bl, ■ 1 


rj-bl. 


\ rsi-bl. 


) r^-bl. 


S r^bl, i 


n-h\. \ 


4 in-kom-m5'dyus, i 5n-kom-mo'de-us, 
( in-kora-mo'je-us, 


in-kom-mo'de-us, in-kom-mc 


'd?-us, in-kgm 


-mo'dyus, in-kom-m6'd?-us. 


5 in-kon-ve'nyent, in-kon-ve'ne-ent, 


in-kon-ve'ne-ent, in-kon-ve'ne-ent, in-kon-vg'ny?nt, in-kpn-ve'ne-^nt. 


6 in-eks-pe'dyent, in-eks-pe'de-ent, 


in-ex-p5'd?-?n 


, in-fks-pe'd?-ent, in-?x-pe'dyent, in-?ks-pe'de-?nt. 


• • M in-ter-lo-ku'tur, 


j in-ter-Iok'u-tur 




, . . . in-ter-1 


5k'u-tur, in-tcr-lok'ku-tur. 







xid 




S^ 


raorsis. 








Webster. 


Sheridan 


Walker. 


Perry. 


Jones. 


Fulton S[ Knight 


. Jameson. 


KEEL'SON, 


1 keel'sun. 


kel'sun, 


[ keel'sun, 
( kel'sun. 


I kelsun, 


kel'syn, 


keel'sun. 


(kel'sun) 






) 






KIND, 


kyind, 


kyind. 


kind. 


kyind, 


kyind, 


kind. 


KN0WL'ED6E 
nol'lej) 


j nol'ljdzh. 


nol'ledje, 
no'lfdje, 


1 nol'ledje. 


nol'ledje, 


\ nol'lej, 
I no'lej. 


1 nbl'lfdje. 


La'€ON-ISM, 


iak'k9-nlzm. 


lak'ko-nizm, 


lak'o-nizm. 


lak'ko-nizm. 


lak'o-nizm. 


lak'ko-niznv 


LAUD'A-NUM, 


lod'Ei-num, 


lod'a-num, 


law'dsi-num, 


16d'd9i-num, 


lod'^-num, 


lod'da-num. 


LAUHEL, 


lor'rjl, 


lor'ril. 


law'rel, 


lor'ril. 


lor'fl, 


lor'rei. 


LJi'VA, 

Leap, 




la'vai, 
leep. 








la'vai. 


iep. 


leep, 


leep. 


leep. 


leep. 


Leash, 


lees, 


leesh. 


leesh. 


leesh. 


leesh, 


leesh. 


LE-Ga'TOR, 


leg-g^-tor'. 


leg-gHSr', 


le-ga'tur. 






leg-g^-tor* 


LEGEND, 


le'jend, 


le'jend, 


le'jend. 


le'jend. 


le'jend, 


le'jend. 


LE6'EN-DA-P.Y, 
LE6'IS-La riVE, 




. led'jen-dEi-re, 
led'jis-la-tiv. 


lej'en-dai-re, 
lej'is-la-tiv. 






le'jen-d^-rf. 
le'jis-la-tiv. 


lej'is-la-tiv. 


led'jis-la-tiv. 


16j'is-la-tiv, 


LEGISLATOR, 


lej'is-la-tur. 


led'jis-la-tur, 


lej-js-la'tur, 


led'jis-la-tur. 


lej'is-la-tur. 


le'jis-la-tur. 


LEG'IS-LaT'URE, 


lej'js-la-chur. 


led'jis-la-chure, 


, lej-is-la'tur. 


led'j}s-la-ture. 


lej'is-la-tur. 


le'jis-late-yur. 


LEISURE, 


le'zhilr, 


le'zhare, 


le'zhur, 


le'zhilr. 


le'zhur, 


le'zhur. 


LEP'O-RINE, 


le'po-rine. 


lep'po-rine. 


lep'o-rin. 


lep'po-rine, 


lep'o-rine, 


Iep'p9-rine. 


LEST, 


lest, leest. 


lest, leest. 


lest, 


lest. 


lest. 


lest. 


LEVER, 


le'vur, 


le'vur, 


le'v?r, 


le'vur. 


iS'ver, 


le'ver. 


LI-CEN'TIATE, n 


li-sen'shet, 


ll-sen'she-ate, 


li-sen'sh?-§it. 


li-sen'sh?-at. 


li-sen'she-ate. 


li-sen'Sh?-atR 


LIE, or LYE, 


le, 


lij 


le. 




li, 


li. 


LIEu-TEN'ANT, 


lif-ten'nant. 


ley-ten'nant, 


liv-ten'aint, 


liv-ten'nunt. 


1 liv-ten'^nt, 
\ lu-ten'?nt. 


I lu-ten'sint. 


LOATH, or LOTH, 


loth'. 


loth, 


loth. 


loth. 


15th, 


loth. 


LOOK, 


luk. 


168k, 


luk. 


luk, 


166k, 


l&ok. 


LUS'TRING, 


lute'string. 


lus'string, 





. lus'tring. 


liis'tring, 


lus'tring 


MAC'RO-eOSM, 


ma'kro-kozm, 


ma'kro-kozm, 


ma'kro-kozm. 


ma'kro-kozm, 


ma'kro-kozm, 


mak'ro-kozm. 


MAL'eON-TENT, 


mal-kon-tent'. 


male-kon-tent'j 


, mal-kon-tent'. 


male-kon-tent'. 


male-kon-tent', 


mal-kon-tent'. 


MALT., (raawl) 


mal. 


mel, 


mall. 


man. 


mal, 


mail, mel. 


MAM'MIL-LA-RY, 


m?im-mil'?-re. 


mam 'mil-la-re. 


( m^m-mil'a-re, 
( mam'rail-8i-re. 


mam mil-la-re. 


mam'il-lar-re. 


mam'mil-lai-r? 


MAN-KIND', 


man-kind', 


man-kyind'. 


man-kind', 


man-kyind', 


man-kyind'. 


man-kind'. 


MAN'TU-A, 


man'ta, 


man'chu-a, 


man'tu. 


man'tu -a, 


man'tu-a. 


man'tu-a. 


MAR-A-Na'THA, 


m^-ran'?-thfi, 


mar-a-nath'j. 





. mar-ft-nath'a. 


mar-9.-nath'a. 


mar-9-nath'9 


MA-RAUD'ER, 




. ma-ro'dur, 


ma-ro'der. 


m^-raud'ur, 


raar-^ud'er, 


ma-r&.w'der 


MAR'I-GOLD, 


ma're-gold. 


mar 're-gold, 


mar'e-gold. 


mar'e-gold. 


mar'e-gold, 


mar'e-gold. 


MAR'MO-SET, 


mar-mo-zet'. 


mar-mo-zet'. 


mar-mo-zet'. 


mar'mo-zet. 


mar-m9-zet'. 


mar-mo-zet'. 


MAR'MOT, 


mEir-moot', 


mar-moot'. 


mar-mot', 






mar'mot. 


MATH'E-SIS, 


ma-th5'sis, 


ma-the'sis, 


ma-the'sis. 


m^t-the'sjs. 


ma-the'sis, 


( ma-the'sis, 
( math'e-sis. 


MAT<RI-ClDE, 


mat'tre-slde, 


mat'tre-side. 


ma'tre-side. 


mat'tre-Bide, 


mat'tre-side. 


mat'tre-side 


MATRON, 


ma'trun, 


ma'trun, 


ma'trun. 


ma'trun. 


ma'trun. 


ma'trun. 


MAT'RON-AL, 


ma'trun-al. 


( mat'ro-nal, 
( ma-tro'nal. 


ma'trun-al, 
mat'run-al. 


\ 


( mat'ro-n^il, 
( m^i-tro'n^il. 


I ma'trp-nal. 


MAT'U-RA-TiVE, 


m?i-tu'ra-tiv, 


maGh'u-ra-tiv, 


ma-tii'ra-tiv, 


mach'u-ra-tiv. 


miit'u-ra-tiv, 


mat'u-rHiv. 


MAUND'ER, 


miwn'der. 


man'dur, 


m^wn'der, 


mavs^n'der. 


man'der, 


man'der. 


MAU-SO-Le'UM, 


m3.w-so-le'um. 


maLw-so-le'um, 


maw-so-le'um, 


maw-so-le'um. 


m§.w-so-le'um. 


m^w-so-le'um 


MAX'IL-LA-RY, 


maks'il-!er-e. 


maks'il-lfir-e, 


maks'jl-l^i-re. 


maks'il-lEir-e, 


macs'il-lair-re, 


maks'il-lar-e.' 


MaY'OR, 


mar, 


ma'ur, 


ma'ur. 


ma'ur. 


ma'ur. 


ma'ur. 


ME-DIC'I-NAL, 


( me-dis'in-el, 


me-dis'e-nal. 


( me-dis'e-nal, 


( me-dis'?-nal, 
( med-e-si'nal. 


i me-dis'e-nal. 


( me-dis'e-nal. 




( med-e-si'nel, 


med-e-si'nal. 




1 **.Y u«u Y "'a^*. 


( med-e-si'nal 


MED'I-ClNE, 


med'sin, 


med'de-sin. 


med'e-sin. 


med'e-sin. 


med'e-sin. 


med'de-sin 


MED'UL-LA-RY, 


nie-dul'lur-?, 
me'lyo-rate. 


med'ul-lar-e, 
me'le-o-rate. 


me-diil'lai-re, 
me'le-o-rate, 






med'ul-lar-e. 
me'le-o-rate. 


MeL'IO-RATE, 


me'le-o-rate. 


me'lyo-rate. 


ME-Lo'DI-OUS, 


me-lo'dzhus. 


5 me-lo'de-us, 
( me-lo'je-us. 


j m?-lo'd?-us. 


me-lo'de-us. 


me-16'dyus, 


me-lo'de-us. 


MEMOIR, 


( me-moir', 
( mfi mwsLr, 


me-moir'. 


mem'oir. 


> mem'WoLr, 


( me-mwar', 


me-moir'. 




meni'war. 


me-m8ir'. 




( mera'war. 


mem'wSir. 


MEN-AG'ER-Y, 




. men-azhe-ur-e' 
men'shu-ra-bl. 


, me-na'zhje-rpj 
men'shu-ra-bl, 






men-azh-er-3' 


MEN'SU-RA-BLE, 


m5n'sbur-a-bl. 


men'shu-ra-bl, 


men'shu-ra-bl. 


men'su-ra-bl. 


MER'€AN-TILE, 


m6r'kan-tile, 


mer'kan-til, 




. mer'kun-til. 


mer'kan-til. 


mer'k5in-til. 


ME-KID'I-AN, 


me-ndzh'un, 


( me-rid'e-an, 
( iae-rid'je-?tn. 


> rae-rid'e-ain. 


me-rid'e-un. 


me-rid'yan, 


me-fWe-^in. 


MES'SIEURS, 


mes'surz. 


{ mesh'shoorz, 
( mesli-shoorz', 


1 mes'seerz, 


mesh-shfifirz'. 


mesh'urz. 


mesh'sheerz. 


MET'AL-LINE, 


m?-tai'lin, 


inei I'^l-line, 


met'aJ-line, 


met'tuUine, 


met'ftl-lin. 


j rae-tal'line, 
I met'^l-llne. 



SYNOPSIS. 



xvu 



METALLURGYi, 
Mk'TE-OR. 

METONYMY. 

MEZ-ZO-TINT'O 

MI'ASM, 

MICH'ER, 

MT€E,OeOISM, 

MI-CROG/RA-PHY, 

MI€ROS€OPE, 

MID'VVIFE-RY, 

MIN'A-TO-RY, 

MIN'IA-TURE, 

MIN'UTE, 

MIS'CEL-LA-NY, 

MIS'CHIE-VOUS, 

MI-S06'Y-NY, 
Mo'BiLE, 
MOB'LE, ' 

MON'AD, 

MON'AS-TER-Y, 

MO-NOP'TOTE, 
MY, 



Slierida;c 
met-t^l-lur'dzhe, 
me-tyur, | 

met'o-nim-e, j 

niet-so-tin't9, 

mi'azm, 

micb'ur, 

mi'kro-kozm, 

mi'kro-graf-e, 

mi'kro-skope, 

inid'wif r^, 

mi'n?i-tur-e, 

miu'it-chur, 

min'nit, ' 

mis'sel-Ien-e, 

mis'che-vus, 

mi-sog'e-ne, 

ino'bil, 

mob'bl, 

monn^d, J 

mon'n^is-ter-re, 

mon'nop-tote, < 
mi, me, 



Walker. 

, met'tal-lur-jf, 
rae'te-ur, 
me'che-ur, 
me-ton'e-me, 
met'o-nim-e, 
met-so-tin't9, 
mi'aizm, 
mi'cliur, 
mi'kro-kozm, 
mi-krog'rfi-fe, 
mI'kro-sk5pe, 
mid'wif-rf, 
min'n^-tur-e, 
mia'e-ture, 

1 min'nit, 

! min'nute, 
mis'sel-lan-e, 

mis'che-vus, 

m?-sbd'je-ne, 

mo-beel', 

mo'bl, 

mon'nad, 

mS'nad, 

mon'na-stre, 

mon'nas-ter-e, 
I m6n'n9p-t5te, 
! mo-nop't5te, 

mi, me, 



Perry. 
met'^I-ur-jf, 
me'te-ur, 

me-ton'?-m?, 
met-SQ-tin'td 



Jonei 
m?-tal'iii j?, 
me'te-ur, 

mf-ton'f-m?, 
met-so-tin'to. 



I^itlton Sf Knight, 

met'?J-lur-j?, 

me'tytir, 

m?-tSn'e-me, 
met-so-tin'to. 



mich'ur, 

mi'kro-kozm, 

ml-krog'ra-fe, 

mi'kro-skope, 

mid'wif-re, 

min'a-to-re, 

min'e-a-ture, 

min'ute, 

mis'sel-lfi-ne, 
; mis'che-vus, 
' mis-cheev'us, 

me-sod'je-ne, 

mo-beel', 

mon'ad, 



mich'ur, 

mi'kro-kozm, 

mi-krog'ra-fe, 

mi'kro-skope, 

mid'wif-re, 

min'na-tur-e, 

min'?-ture, 

min'nute, 

mis'sel-lEin-?, 

mis'che-vus, 

m?-sod'je-n?, 



m5'bl, 
mon'nad 



mon'as-ter-e, mon'na-str§. 



mi'ch^r. 

mi'kr9-kozm, 

mi-krog'r$i-fe, 

mi'kr9-skope, 

mid'wif-re, 

min'a-tur-e, 

min'e-ture, 

min'ut, 

mis's?l-lEin-e, 

mXs'che-vus, 

me-soj'e-ne, 



mon'9p-tote, 
m9-n6p't5te, 
mi, me, 



mg-nop'tote, 



mo'bl, 
mon'jtd. 

mon'js-ire, 
mon'^s-t?r-? 

mon'9p-tote^ 
me, mi. 



Jameson 
m?t-tal'lijr-J§ 
me't?-ur 

m?-t6n'e-me . 
met'9-nim-9 
m€t-z9-tin'to . 



mi'kro-kozm 

mi-krog'ra-fg 

mi'kr9-sk'pe 

mid'if-re. 

mi'nsi-tur-e. 

min'e-ture. 

min'nute. 

mis'sel-len-^ 

mis'ch?-vus. 

mjs-odj'e-ne 

m9-beel'. 

mob'bl. 



mon'as-ter-e. 
mon'n9p-t6te. 



NArriON-AL, nSsh'un-ul, 

NAT'U-RAL, nat'chur-el, 

Na'TURE, na'chur, 

NE'ER, neer, 

NE-Go'TIA-TOR, n?-g9-sha'tur, 

NEP'0-TISM, ne'p9-tizrn, 
No'MEN-eLA-TURE. l 

NONE, nun, 

NOOSE, (nooz) nS&z, 

NOT'A-BLE, not't9-bl. 



NOTHING^ 
NO'VEN-A-RY, 



nuth'ing, 
n9-ven'n?r-e. 



nash'un-§il, 

nat'chu-rsil, 

na'chure, 

nare, 

ne-go'she-a-tur, 

nep'o-tizm, 

nun, 

nodse, 
I no't^-bl, 
I not'^-bl, 

nuth'jng. 



nash'un-al, 

nat'ur-al, 

na'ture, 

nire, 

n?-g6'sh?-a-tur 

ne'p9-tizm, 

niin, 

noose, 

• no'ta-bl, 

nuth'jng, 
nov'?n-si-rf, 



nash'un-ul, 
nSt'chu-rul, 
na'chur. 



nep'9-tizm, 

nun, 
no6ze, 

no'tsi-bl, 
nuth'jng, 



n5sh'un-al, 

nal'u-ral, 

na'ture. 



nep'9-tizm. 

nun, 

nooze, 

no'tai-bl, 

not'ji-bl, 

nuth'jng. 



n5sh'un-Eil. 

nat'u-ral. 

nate'yur. 

nare. 

n?-g6'she-a-ti^. 



nun. 

n86ze. 

no'tci-bl 

not'?i-bl. 

nuth'jng. 

nov'en-£i-rf 



OB'DU-RATE, 

O-Be'DI-ENCE., 
O-BeI'SANCE, 
OB'LI-GA-TO-RY, 

0-BLI6E', 

OB-LiaUE', 
OB-SO-LeTE', 
0€'T0-GE-NA-RY, 
O'DI-OUS, 
Oe-IL'IAD, 
OPH-THAL'MI€, 
O-PIN-lA'TRE, 
OP-PtJGN'ER, 
(op-pu'ner) 

OP'TA-TlVE, 

0R'AN-6ER-Y, 
OR€HES-TRA, 

OR'DE-AL, 
OR/DI-NA-RY, 



9b-du'ret, 

o-be'dzhens, 

o-be's^ns, 

ob"le-g^-tur'e, 

9-blIdje', 

9-blcedje', 

ob-like', 

6b'so-l?t, 

o'dzhus, 
o-e'ly?d, 
9f-thai'mik, 
9-pin-nya'tr?, 



I ob'ju-rate, j 

I ob-du'rate, i 

9-be'je-ens, 

o-ba'sans, 

ob'le-gji-tur-r?, 

o-blidje', 

9-bleedje', 

9b-like', 

ob's9-lete, 

ok-todje'e-n^L-re, 

o'df-ijLS, o'je-us, 

?-il'yad, 

9p-thal'mik, 

9-pIn-y?-a.'^ter, 



9p-pug'ner, 9p-pune'fr, 



op't^-tiv, 
0-ra.wn'zher-?, 



ar'dyal, 

1 9ir'd?-n?r-r?, 
' §ir'ner-r?. 



8p't?-tiv, 

9p-tl'tiv, 

9-r3lwn'zher-e, 

9r-kes'trJi, 
, 6r'de-?l, 
! 6r'je-^l, 

6r'de-n^-re, 

6rd'nai-re, 



9b-du'rat, 9b-du'rft, j ob'du-rate, | ob-du'rate. 

' V V ) J 9b-du'rate, S 

9-be'de-ens, 9-be'd?-?ns, 9-be'dyens, o-be'de-ens. 

o-be'sEins, 9-ba'zuns, o-ba'sans, o-ba'sans. 

ob'l?-g^-to-r?, ob'le-ga-tur-e, ob'l?-gEi-tur-e, 6b'le-gsi-tur-e 

o-bleedje , j o-bleedje', \ ^'^^^^^^ ' 1 9-blidje.' 

o-blidje', ) ( 9-bleedje', ) 

ob-leek', 9b-like',9b-leek', 9b-like', 9b-leek'. 

^b's9-let, ob'so-lete, ob's9-lete, 5b'so-lete. 

ok-todje'?-n?i-re, ok'to-je-nai-r?. 

6'de-u3, 6'de-us, 6'dyus, 6'de-us. 

ale'ysid, e-il'?-ad, f-il'y^d. 

op-thal'mik, op-thai'mjk, op-thal'mjk 

9-pin-e-a'tre 

9p-pun'er, op-pune'?r. 

op'ta-tiv, op'tai-tiv, op't?L-tiv, bp't§i-tiv. 

or'|in-j?-re, 9-r3,n'zh?r-?, o-ra,wn'zh?r-?, or'gin-j?r-e. 
or'kes-tra, 9r-kes'tr^. 

or'de-£tl, 6r'de-ul, or'd^^l, or'd?-ai!. 

or'd?-n,-re, j 6r'de-n,-re, Sr'd,.n,r-?, U,,^.^^.,,, 

( ord'n§i-r?, Srd'n^i-r?, ) 



Sheridan. Walker. Perry. Jbnes. Fulton ^ Knight. Jameson. 

n5-m§n-kla'cl.ijir, n5m-?n-kla'chure, n»-men-kla'ture, no-m^n-kla'ture, nom-?n-kla'tur, nS-mfn-klate'yyr 



xvm 

Webster 
OE'THO-E-PY 
OYES, 



Sheridan. 



6-yis', 



SYNOPSIS. 

Walker. Perry. 

6r'tho-e-pe, or'tho-e-pe, 

6-yis', 5-ye8', 



Jones. Fulton ^ Kmght. Jameson. 
o-yes', 6'ya. 



PAC-IF-I-€A'TOR, p?is-siPe-ka-tur, pas-sjf-fe-ka'tur, pas-e-fe-ka'tur, * psi-sif ?-ka-tus 

Pa'6EANT, padzh'ent, pad'junt, pa'jant, pad'junt, paj'^nt, j pa'j?-^nt, 

( pad'jent. 

Pa'GEANT-RY, padzh'en-tre, pad'jun-tre, paj'?nt-re, pad'jun-tre, paj'ant-re, j pa'je-jn-tre, 

( pad'jen-tre. 

PAN-E-6YR'I€, pan-ne-dzer'rik, pan-ne-jer'rik, pan-e-jir'ik, pan-e-jir'jkj pan-e-jir'ik, pan-e-jer'ik. 

PAP'IL-LA-RY, p5i-pil'ler-e, pap'il-la-re, pa-pil'la-re, pap'pil-^-re, pap'il-lar-e, pap'pil-Ji-rf. 

PAP'IL-LOUS, pa-pil'lus, pa-pil'lus, pa-pil'lus, p§i-pil'lus. 

PA-RAL'O-GISM par'ia-]?-dzhizin,par-ral'o-jizm, pa-ial'9-jizm, p^ir-ral'o-jizm, pstr-al'o-jizm, par-al'o-jizm. 

PaST'Y, pas'te, pas'te, pas'te, pas't?, pas'te, pas'te. 

PAT'ENT, pat'ent, j pat'ent, | pSt'ent, pat'tent, pat'ent, j P^t'ent, 

<pa'tent, i "^ ' ' i- ■ •> f . > I pa't?nt. 

PATRIOT, pa'tryut, pa'tre-ut, pa'tre-ut, pa'tre-ut, pa'tr?-ut, pa'trf-ut. 

PATRON, pa'trun, pa'trun, pa'trun, pa'truii, pa'trun, pa'trun. 

PAT'RO-NAL, pa-tro'nal, pat'ro-n^l, pat'run-al, pat'ro-nul, pat'ro-nal, psi-tro'nal. 

PAT'RON-ESS, pat'tro-nis, p3.'trun-es, pa'trun-?s, pa'trun-es, pa'trun-es, pa'trun-es. 

PAUNCH, pa.wnch, p'ansh, pansh, panel), pansh, pansh. 

PE-€uL'IAR, pe-ku'lyer, pe-ku'le-ur, pe-ku'le-ur, pe-ku'le-ur, pe-ku'lyar, pe-ku'le-er, 

PE-€uN'IA-RY, pe-ku'nyer-e. pe-ku'ne-ur-e, pe-ku'ne-^-rg, pe-ku'ne-er-e, pe-ku'nyar-e, pe-ku'ne-ai-r$. 

PED'ALS, pe'dels, j ped'dals, | pg/dalz, ped'dulS, ped'alz, j pS'dalz, 

' y . ^ <pe'dals, i^ • ' F . , y . , / ped'dalz. 

PE-DO-BAP'TISM, pe-do-bap'tizm, ped-do-bap'tizm,pe-do-bap'tizm, pe-dQ-bap'tizm 

PEN'NY-WORTH, pen'n^-wurth, j Pen'ne-wurtli, ) pgn;„e.wurth, \ Pe^'ne-wurth, pen'ne-wurth, ) pgn,ne-warth. 

( pen'nurth, ) f pen'nuith, pen'nurth, ) 

PEN'TE-€OST, pen'te-koste, pen'te-koste, pen'te-kost, pen'te-koste, pen'te-koste, pen'te-kost. 

PER-DU'RA-BLE, per'du-ia-bl, per'du-ra-bl, per'du-ra-bl, per'du-ra-bl. 

PER'EMP-TO-RY, per'rera-tur-e, \ P§r'rem-tur-e, per-emp'to-re, ) pgr/rem-tur-e, per'em-tur-e, \ Per'?mp-tur-c, 

( per-rem'to-re, per'emp-to-re, ) • ■ • " " ( per-em'to-re. 

PER'FE€T, V. ■ per'fjkt, per'fekt, per'fekt, per'fekt, per'fekt, \ Pe''f?J^t> 

( per-fekt'. 

PER-FuME', per'fume, per'fume, j per-fume', | pgr'f ilme, per'fume, perfume. 

t per'fume, ) 

PER-FUN€'TO-RY, per'funk-tur-9, per-fiink'tur-e, per-f unk'to-re, per-funk'tur-e, per-funk'tur-? 

PER-MIT', per'mit, per'mit, per-mit', per'mit, per'mit, per-mit'. 

PER'SPI-RA-BLE, per-spi'rebl, per-spi'ra-bl, p?r-spl'ra-bl, per-spi'rai-bl, per-spira-bl, per-spI'ra-bL 

PER'SPI-RA-TlVE, per-spl're-tiv, per-spi'r^-tiv, per-spi'ra-tiv, per-spi'r^i-tiv, p^r-spi'rsi-tiv. 

PER'TUR-BATE, per-tur'bate, p?r-tur'bate, per-tiir'bate, per-tur'bate, per-tur'bate, per-tur'bate. 

Pe'TAL, pet'al, pe'tal, pet'sil, pet'al, pS'tul, pet'ul, pet'al, pe'tal, pe'ta!. 

PHALANX, f a'lanks, \ f ^'lanks, f al'^nks, f a'lanks, f a'lanks, ) f a/lanks. 

' ( f al'anks, f a'lanks, f al'anks, f al'^inks, ) 

PHAR-MA-CEU'TI€, f ar-ma-kii'tik, f ar-m^-su'tik, far-ma-su'tjk 

PHT'LO-MEL, fil'o-mel, fil'o-mel, fil'9-mel, fil'o-mel, fil'o-mel, fi'lo-mel. 

PHLEG-MAT'I€, fleg'msi-tik, fleg'raa-tik, fleg-mat'ik, fleg'ma-rtkj fleg-mat'ik, fleg'ma-tik^ 

PHL0-6IS'T0N flo-gis'ton Uo-jis'ton, flo-jis'tun, flo-jis'tgn, flp-jis'ton, flo-jis'tgn, 

' ■ ■ ' ( flo-gis'ton, flo-gis'tun, flo-gis'ton, flo-gis'ton, flo-gis'ton. 

PHRE-NET'I€, fren'e-tik, fre-net'ik, fr?-net'ik, fr?-net'ik, fre-net'ik, fre-net'jk. 

PHYS-I-OG'NO-MY, fiz-?-6g'no-me, f izh-e-og'no-me, f iz-e-og'no-me, fiz-e-og'nQ-me, fiz-?-og'no-m?, K^^'^'°^'"°'™^ 

( f iz-e-5n'9-me 

PHYS-I-OL'O-GY, f iz-e-Sl 9-je, fizh-e-ol'9-j?, fiz-e-ol'9-je, fiz-e-ol'9-je, fiz-e-ol'o-je, fiz-e-ol'o-je 

FIERCE, pers, peers, pers, peers, peers, pers, peers, pers, peers. 

PLa'CA-BLE, pla'kabl, pla'kai-bl, plak'a-bl, pla'kgi-bl, pla'ka-bl, pla'ka-bl. 

PLa'GIA-RY, pla'dzh?r-e, pla'JEi-re, pla'je-a-re, pla'dje-a-r?, pla'je-^r-e, pla'je-a-re. 

PLA-Tl'NA, plat'e-na, plat'?-na. 

PLa'TO-NIST^ plat'9-nist, plat'9nist, pla't9-nist 

PLe'IADS, (ple'yadz) pli'adz, ple'y^idz, ple'yadz, ple'adz, ple'y?dz, pla'y$tdz. 

PLe'NA-RY, plen'ner-?, i P^en'^-re, j p]gn'^-re, plen'si-re, plen'^-r?, ple'n^i-re. 

( ple'na-re, ) 

PLEN'TE-OUS, plgn'chus, plen'che-us, plen'te-us, plen'tg-us, plen'tyus, plen'tf-us. 

PLTC'A-TURE, pli'ka-choor, plik'si-chure, pli'k§i-ture, plik'91-ture. 

' I pwoe'nent, poe'nant, pSe'nant, pw6e'n?int, pwoe'nant, pof'njnt. 

(poin'ant) ) 

POL'Y-THE-ISM, pol-l?-the'izm, pbl'le-the-izm, pol-le-the'izm, pol'le-the-Izm, pol'?-the-izni, pol'le-th?-izra 

POS-SESS', puz-zes', poz-zes', p9Z-zes', p9Z-zes', poz-zes', p9Z-zes'. 

POS-SESS'0-RY, poz'zes-sur-e, poz'zes-sur-e, poz'zes-so-re, poz-zes'sur-e, poz'z?s-sur-e, poz'zfS-siir-?. 

POST'HU-MOUS, post'hu-mus, post'hu-mus, post'hu-mu3, post'hu-mus, post'hu-mus, post'hu-mus. 

PoS-TILL'ION, ) p5s-til'lyun, pos-til'yun, pos-tll'yun, pos-til'yun, pos-til'yun, pos-ta'ytin 

(pos-til'yun) ) ' ' , 

POTH'ER, putb'er, putfi'er, putft ft, putfi'er, puth'?r, potfi'?r. 

POUR poo'ur, pour, pdSr p8dr, pBr, pore, pawr, pore. 



fVebster 
PRe'FE€-TURE, 
PRELACY, 
PRELATE, 
PRELUDE, 
PReM'IER, 
PREM-U-Nl'RE, 

FRE'SaGE, 

PRESCIENCE, 

PRE-TEXT', 

iPRl-MOR'DI-AL, 

PRI'VA-CY, 

PRlV'A-TlVE, 
PRO'BA-TO-RY, 
PRO-CEEDS', 
PRO'€U-RA-CY, 
PRO'nLE, 
PROG-RESS', V. 
PRO'LIXi 
PRO-LO-CU'TOR, 
PRO'LOGUE, 
(pro'log) 



Sheridan. 

pre'fek-chur, 

prel'les-e, 

prel'let, 

prel'lude, 

prem'yer, 

prem'mu-ni-re, 

pres'sadzh, 

pre'shens, 

pre-tekst', 

prl-mor'dzhel, 

priv've-se, 

priv'va-tiv, 
pr5'b^-tur-e, 

prok'ku-res-f, 

pro-feel', 

prog'gris, 

pro-liks', 

prol'o-ku-tur, 

\ prol'lug, 



PRO-MUL-Ga'TOR, pr9-mul'ga-tur, 

PRO-NUN-CI-A'TION. 1 
PRO-PI-TI-A TION, j 2 

(piro-pis-e-a'shun) ) 
PRO-Pl"TIA-TO-RY. 3 



S"V;j\Uibxfe. XIX 

Walker. Perry. Jones. Fulton t[ Knight. Jameson. 

pref'fek-ture, pre-fek'ture, pref'fek-tQre, pref'ek-ture, pre'fek-ture 

prel'la-se, prel'a-se, prel'lai-se, prel'si-se, prel'la-se. 

prel'lat, prel'at, prel'let, prel'fit, prel'lat. 

prel'ude, prel'ude, prel'ude, prel'ude, prel'flde. 

preme'yer, pre'me-er, prem'yer, pre'myer, • prem&'yer. 

prem'mu-ni-re, prem'u-ni-re, prem'mu-ni-re, prem'u-ni-re, prem'mu-ni-re. 

pres'sadje, " pres'aje, j prSs'sadje, pres'aje j prgs'saje. 

^ •' ' i- J ' I pre'sadje, pr^-saje', ) 

pre'she-ens, presh'ens, pre'she-ens, pre'she-ens, pre'she-ens. 

pr?-tekst', pre-tekst', j pr?-teksi', j pr^.tekst', pre-tSkst'. 
' pre teKStj / 

I pri-mor'de-al, ) pix-mor'de-al, pri-mor'de-ul, pri-mor'de-el, pri-mor'de-jl. 

pri-mor'je-^1, ) 

jpri'v^-se, |pri,va-se, j Pri'va-se, pri'va-se, J p.j/^a-se. 

( priv'a-se, ) ' ' I priv'a-se, priv'ei-se, ) 

priv'^-tiv, pri'vEi-tiv, prlv'a-tiv, priv'a-tiv, priv'va-tiv. 

prob'a-tur-e, pro'ba-to-re, prob'a-tur-e. 

pro-seedz', pr5'seedz. 

prok'u-ra-se, prok%-ra-se, prok'u-ra-se. 

pro'fil, pro-feel', pro-feel', pro-feel', pro-feel', pro'feel. 

prog-'gres, prog'res, prog'gres, prog'res, pro'gres. 

pro-liks', prg-liks', pro-liks', pro-liks', pro-liks'. 

prol-o-ku'tur, pr5-lo-ku'tur, pro-lok'ku-tur, pro-lok'u-tur, pro-lo-ku'tur. 

pr61'l9g, prol'og, prol'log, prol'og, pro'log. 

prom-ul-ga'tur, \ P^o-^vl-ga'tur, | prgm-ul-ga'tur, prom-ul-ga'tur, pro-mul-ga'tur. 
( pro-mul'ga-tur, ) 



PRO-SO'DI-AN, 


pr9S-s6'dyen, 




pro-sod'e-an, 


pro-so'd?-un. 


pro-so'dyan, 


pros-o'de-an. 


PRO'TA-SIS, 




, pro-ta'sis, 


pro-ta'sis, 







pro't^-sis. 


PRO'TEST, n. 


pro-test'. 


pro-test', prot'est, pro-test', 


pro'test. 


pro-test', 


pro'test. 


PRO-VoST', (pro-vo'; 


.(pro-vo', 
( prov'vust, 


prov'vust, 
pro-vo', 


i prov'ust, 


prov'vust. 


pro-v5', 
prov'vust, 


I prov'vust. 


PRO'VOST-SHIP, 


prov'vust-ship, 


prov'vust-sbip, 


prov'ust-ship, 






prov'vust-ship. 


PROW, 


pro. 


prou, pro, 


prouj 


prou, 


prou, 


pro. 


PROWESS, 


prou'is, 


prou'es, pro'js, 


prou'es. 


prou'?s. 


prou'es, 


prou'es. 


PTIS'AN, (tiz'an) 


tiz-zan') 


tiz-zan'. 


tiz'cin. 


tiz'zun. 


tiz-an', 


tiz-zan'. 


PU'IS-SANCE, 


pu'is-sens, 


j pu'is-sans, 
( pu-is'sans, 


pu-is'sans, 


puis-sans, 


pu'is-SEins, 


pii'is-SEins. 


PUM'lCE, 


pa'mis. 


pu'mis, piim'mis, pum'is, 


pu'mis, 


pu'mis. 


piim'mis. 


PUSTULE, 


pus'chul, 


pus'chule. 


piis'tule, 


pus'chule, 


pus'tule, 


piis'tiile. 


PUT, 


put. 


put, put, 


put. 






put. 


PYG'ME-AN, 


pig-me'en, 
pe-ri'tez, 


pig-me'£in, 
( pe-ri'tez, 
( pir'e-tez, 


pig'me-sin, 

pir'e-tez, 

pe-ri'tez. 






pig-me'an. 
pe-ri'tez. 


PYRITES, 


1 pe-ri'tez, 


pe-ri'tez, 


PY'RO-MAN-CY, 


pi'ro-m&n-se, 


pir'o-m5n-se, 


( pe-rom'^n-se, 
( pir'9-man-s?. 


> pir'o-man-se, 


pir'o-man-se, 


pi'ro-man-se. 


PYR'0-TE€H-NY, 


pi'ro-tek-ne, 


pir'o-tek-ne. 


pir-o-tek'n^, 


pir'o-tek-n?, 


pir'o-tek-ne, 


pi'ro-tek-ne. 


aUAL'I-FY, 


kwal'e-fi, 


kwol'e-fi. 


kwol'e-fi, 


kwol'e-fi. 


kwol'e-fi. 


kwbl'e-fi. 


aUALM, (quam) 


kwam. 


kwam. 


kwam. 


kwam, 


kwim. 


kwam. 


aUAN'DA-RY, 


kwon-da're. 


kwon-da're. 


kwain-da're. 


kwon-da're. 


kwon-da're. 


kwon-da'r?. 


aUAN'TI-TY, 


kwSn'te-te, 


kwon'te-te, 


kwon'te-te. 


kwon'te-te, 


kwon'te-te, 


kwon'te-te. 


aUAY, (ke) 


ka. 


ke, 


ke, 


ke, 


kS, 


ke. 


aUIN-TES'SENCE. 


, kwin'tis-s?ns, 


( kwin'tcs-sens, 
( kwin-tes's?ns, 


> kwint'es-sens, 


kwin'tes-sens, 


kwin'tes-sens. 


kwin-tes'sens 


QUOTE, 


kote, 


kvvote. 


kote, 


kw3te, 


kwote. 


kwote. 


auoTH, 


kotb, 


kwiith, kwoth. 


, koth, kQth, 


kwuth. 


kwoth. 


kwoth. 


aUO-TID'I-AN, 


ko-tldzh'en, 


kwo-tid'je-Ein, 


ko-tid'e-an, 


kwo-tid'f-un, 


kwo-tid'y^n. 


kwo-tid'e-an 


aUo'TIENT, 


ko'shent. 


kwS'shent, 


ko'shent, 


kwo'shent, 


kwo'shent. 


kwo'shent. 


RA'DI-ANT, 


ra'dzh?nt. 


( ra'de-fint, 
( ra'je-Eint, 


j ra'de-ant. 


ra'de-unt, 


ra'dyant, 


ra'de-|int 



Sheridan. Walker. Perry. Jones. Fulton Sf Knight. Jameson. 

1 prQ-nun-sha'shan, pro-niin-she-a'shun, pro-nun-se-a'shun, pro-niin-se-a'shun, pro-niin-she-a'shun, pro-niin-she-a'shun 

2 pro-p?-shd.'shun, pro-pish-e-a'shun, pro-pish-e-a'shun, pro-pish-e-a'shun, pro-pish-e-a'shun, pro-pish-e-a'shun 
pr9-pish'?-tur-e pro-pish'e-?i-tur-e, pro-pish'f-a-tur-e, pro-pish e-ai-Pur-e, org-pish'e-^i-tur-e, pro-pish '^-j-tur-p. 



xi SYNOPSIS. 

Websitr. Sheridan. Walker. Perry. Jones. Fulton ^ Knight. Jameson. 

Ra'DI-ATE, r&'dzhate, j ^a'df-ate, j ra'd?-ate, ra'de-ate, ra'df-ate, ra'd?-at« 
I ra'je-ate, ) 

Ra'DI-US, ra'dzhua, < ra'de-us, j ra'de-us, ra'de-us, ra'df-ns, ra'de-us. 

< ra'j?-us, ) 

RAILLERY, rai'l^r-?, r&l'ler-e, ral'ler-e, ral'ler-re, ral'lgr-?, rai'ler-e. 

RAIS'IN, ra'zn, re'zn, ra'zin, le'zn, razn, rezn, ra'zin. 

RAR'I-TY, ra'rit-e, | rar'e-te, j rir'e-t?, rar'e-te, j rar'?-te, j ra're-te. 

' • ■' < ra're-te, ) ' ^' /rar'e-te, ) 

RASE, rase, raze, rase, raze, rase, raze, rase^ raze. 

RASP'BER-RY. ras'ber-e, ras'ber-e, rasp'ber-e, ras'ber-e, rasTj^r-e, ras'ber-?. 

RAT-A-FIA, jrat-?-fe'9, j rat-a-fe'?, Uat-a-fe'?,, rat-ci-fe', rat-?-fe'a, r&t-|i-fe'a. 

(rat-a-fee') 1 ' *' < rat-a-f e', ) " '' '^ • 

RATII'ER, ratfi'er, ratfi'er, ra'ther, rath'er, rath'er, rat&'er, ra'tfier. 
RA-TI-0-CIN-A'TIO.V. l 

Ra'TION-AL, rash'un-el, rash'un-al, rash'un-al, rash'un-fil, rSsh'un-^il, rash'un-?!. 

RA-TION-a'LE, rash-e-o-na'le, ra-she-o-na'le 

RE-CEP'TA-€LE, res'sep-tekl, j res'sep<a-kl, | re-sep'ta-kl, res'sep-ta-kl, res'sep-ta-kl, re-sep'ta-kl. 

( rf-sep'ta-kl, ) 

RE-CEP'TO-RY, res'sep-tur-e, res'sep-tur-e, re-sep'to-re, res'sep-tur-?, res's?p-tur-e 

RECOGNITION. 2 ' 

RECOGNIZANCE. 3 

RECOGNIZE, re-kog-nize', rek'kog-nize, rek'on-Ize, rek'k9g-nize, rek'9g-nize, rek'kog-nize. 

RECOGNIZOR, re-kon-e-zor', re-kog-ne-z6r', r?-kon-e-zor', rc-kog-ne-zSif' 

REC'ON-DITE, re-kon-dite' rek'kon-dlte, re-kon'dit, rek'kon-dlte, j rek'on-dite, ) igj^/fcon-dite. 

( re-kon'dit, ) 

RECORD, re-k3,rd', rek'grd, re-kord', rek'ord, rek'ord, re-k§ird', rek'ord, re-kord', rek'prd. 

RE-CtJ'SANT, rek'ku-zant, j r?-ku'zant, j re-ku'zant, re-ku'zunt, j ''i'^^^^"^' j re-kuzant. 

( rek'ku-zant, ) ( rek'ku-zant, ) 

RE-FECT'0-RY, ref'fek-tur-e, j re-fek'tur-e, [ te-f ek'to-r?, ref'fek-tur-?, refek-tyr-e, re-fek'tur-e. 
( ref ek-tur-e, * 

REFRAGABLE, rePfrsi-ga-bl, ref'fr^i-ga-bl, \ r^-fr^g'^-bl, ) _ _ reffra-ga-bl. 

' refra-ga-bl, ) ' "• 

REF'USE, reffuze, refuse, refuze, ref'fuse, reffuse, refuse. 

RE-Me'DI-A-BLE, re-me'dyebl, re-me'de-51-bl, re-med'e-a-bl, re-me de-?-bl, re-me'dyabl, re-me'de-a-bl 

RE-MED'I-LESS, rem'e-de-lis, rem'e-de-les, re-med'e-l?s, \ rem'e-de-les, ) j-g^fnie-de-lg? 

( re-med'e-les, ) ' ' 

RE-MORSE', re-mars', j re-mors', re-morse', j re-m3Lrs', re-m6rs', re-mois'. 

( re-morse', re-mors', ) 

REN'DEZ-V5US, ron'de-voo, ren-de-vo6z', ren'de-v68z, ren-da-vo6', ren-de-vuz', rln-de-v66z'. 

REN'I-TEN-GY, re-nl'ten-se, re-nl'ten-se, ren'e-ten-se, r?-ni'ten-s?, re-ni'ten-se, re-nl'ten-se 
RE-x,"UN-ClA'TION. 4 

REP'ER-TO-RY, rep'per-tur-e, rep'per-tur-e, rep'er-to-re, rep'per-tur-e, rep'er-tur-e, rep'per-tur-? 

RE-SIL'I-ENCE, re-sil'yens, re-zil'e-ens, re-zil'e-ens, re-sil'e-^ns, r?-sil'yens, re-zxl'e-?ns 

EES'O-LU-BLE, re-sol'u-bl. rez'o-lfl-bl, rez'o-lu-bl, rez'o-lu-bl, rez'o-lu-bl, rez'o-lu-bl. 

RES'PI-RA-BLE, res'pe-r?i-bl, re-splr'^-bl 

RETAIL, V. re-tale', re-tale', re-tale', r?-tale', re-tale', r?-tale'. 

RE'TAIL, n. re-tale', re'tale, re'tale, re-tale', re-tale', re'tale. 

RET'I-NUE, re-tin'nu, ~ Uet'e-nu, j rgt'e-nu, j ret'e-nu, ret'e-nu, ret'e-na, 

I re-tin'nu, ) ( re-tin'nu, re-tin'u, re-tin'nu. 

RE-TRIB'UTE, ret'tre-bute, r?-trib'ute, re-trib'ute, re-trib'ute, I re-tnb'ute, ) le-trib'ute 

( ret're-bute, ) ' 

REV'E-NUE, |rev'e-nu, rev'e-nu, | rev'e-nii, j rev'e-nu, rev'e-nu, rev'e-nu, 

( re-ven'u, re-ven'nu, ) ( re-ven'nu, re-ven'u, re-ven'nu. 

REV'ER-Y, rev'-'fr-?, rev'er-e, \ *®^ ^"''^' { rev'?-re, rev'er-e, rev-er-e'. 

( rev-e-re', ) 

RE-VOLT', re-volt', j ''•'^!!^'' j re-volt', r?-v6lt', r?-volt', re-volt' 
( re-volt'; ) 

RHOMB, romb, rumb, rumb, riimb, rumb. romb. 

uivin± juxjuci, J rl'chus, ri'che-us, « ri'che-us, ri'che-us, rit'yus, ri'te-us. 

(ri'cbus) ) ... 

IIT'SI-BLE, ris'ibi, riz'e-bl, riz'e-bl, riz'e-bl, riz'e-bl, riz'e-bl. 

ROMANCE, r9-mans', ro-mans', ro-mans', ro-mans', ro-mans', r9-mans'. 

ROa'UE-LAUR, rok'kl?, rok-e-lor', rok'e-16, rok'e-Jo, rok'e-lo. 

RO'SE-ATE, ro'zyft, r3'zhe-at, ro'zhe-at, ro'zhe-at, rS'zhyate, ro'zhe-at. 

ROUTE, r6ot, rout, root, rout, root, root, rout, root. 

RUF'FIAN, riiffyan, rufyan, riifyan, rufyun, riiffyan, rufy^n. 

Sheridan, Walker. Perry. Jones. Fulton Sf Knight. Jameson. 

1 r?i-sh&-se-na'shun, raeh-e-os-e-na'shun, rSsh-e-os-e-na'shun, rash-e-os-^-na'shun, rSsh-?-os-e-na'shun, ra-she-os-e-na'shun 

2 re-k9g-nish'un, rek-k9g-ni3h'un, rS-kog-nish'un, rek-kog-nish'un, rek-og-nish'un, rek-k9g-nish'un. 

s r?-kon'e-z?ng, rf-kog'n?-zans, re-kon'e-zfins, r?-kog'ne-zuns, rf-kog'ne-zans, S ^^'*^°^ ne-z^ns, 

I re-kon'e-ZEins. 
4 r5-nun-sha'sljHn, re-nun-sh?-a'shun, re-niin-she-a'shun, r?-nun-s?-a'sliun, re-iiQn-abe a'shun, r^-nfin-she-a'shun 







SYNOPSIS. 






xxi 


Webster. 


Shendan, 


Walker. 


Perry. 


Jona?. 


Fulton ^ Knight. Jameson 


SAB'A-OTH, 




sSb'5i-oth, 
saffurn, 


s?-ba'oth, 
saffurn, 


s?i-ba'9lh, 
saffurn, 


S5t-ba'9th, 
saf'fuirn, 


sab'ii-Sth. 


SAF'FRON, 


sSffrun, 


safrun. 


SAG'IT-TAL 


ssi-dzhit't?l, 
sai'ly?nt, 


sad'je-t?l, 
sa'l?-?nt. 


sad'je-t9l, 
sa'le-ent, 






sad'jf-t^. 

sa'l9-?nt. 


Sa'LI-ENT, 


sa'le-?nt, 


sa'ly?nt, 


SA-LlNE', 


S5i-line', 


SEi-line', sa'line 


, sa-line', 


sji-line', 


s^i-line', 


ssi-Iine'. 


SALIVAL, 


S?-1I'V?1, 


1 sal'e-v^l, 
I sHi'v?l, 


sal'e-vsil, 
sst-li'val. 


I 


s?-Ii'vg.l, 


sa-lI'v^L 




i 




SA-Li'VOUS, 


ssi-li'vus. 


( sa-li'vus, 
( sal'e-vus. 


sal'?-vys, 
s^i-li'vuis, 


\ 


sHi'vys, 


sji-li'vyg. 




1 


SALVE, (sav) 


sav, 


saiv, 


sav. 


salv. 


salv, 


saiv, sar. 


SAPPHIRE 


saf'fir, 

sar-do'niks, 

S9i-sl/e-t¥, 


saf'fir, 

sar'do-niks, 

sHi'e-t?, 


saffire. 




saf'fir, 

sar'd9-niks, 

sMi'«-te, 


saffjr. 

sar'd9-nitk8. 

sHi'H?. 


SAR'DO-NYX 


sar'do-niks, 

Sfi-ti'e-t?, 




SA-TI'E-TY, 


sHi'?-te, 


SAT'IRE, 


sa'ter, 


( sa'tur, sat'ur, 
I sa'tire, sat'iie, 


1 sa'tur. 


sa'tur, 


sa'ter, 


sa't?r. 


SAT'URN, 


sa'tum. 


sa'turn, sat'urn 


, sat'urn. 


sa'turn, 


sa'turn, 


sa'turn. 


Sa'TYR, 


sa'tfr, 


sa'tur, sat'ur. 


sa'tur, 


Sa'tur, 


sa't?r, 


sa't?r. 


SAUN'TER, (san'ter] 


1 s^wn'ter. 


san'tur, SELwn'tur,sawn'tur, 


san'tur. 


san'ter, 


san'ter. 


SAU'SA6E, 


sas'sMzh, 


1 saw'sidje, 
I sas'sidje. 


1 sa.w'saje, 


sos'sidje, 


sos'aj«, 


sJLw'saje. 


S€ATH, 


skath, 
sed'dzhfU, 


skath, 
( sed'jule, 
I sked'jule. 








skath. 


SeriED'ULE, 


sked'ule, 
sed'ule. 


j sed'ule, 


sed'ule, 


( sked'ule, " 
( shed'ule. 


SCHIS-MAT'I€, 


siz'm5i-tik, 


siz'm^-tik, 


siz-mat'ik. 


9iz'm?-tik, 


siz'm?i-tik. 


siz'm^i-tik. 


SCI-OM.'A-€HY, 


skl-om'ma-ke. 


sl-om'ma-ke. 


si-om'Fi-ke, 


si-bm'mfi-k?, 


si-om'si-ke, 


si-8m'e-ke. 


SEM-I-PE'DAL, 


sem-me-pe'dfl. 


, se-mip'f-dal, 


sem-e-pe'djl. 






se-mip'e-d?tl. 


SEN'ES-CHAL, 


sen'nes-kel, 


sen'nes-ksil, 


sen'e-shal, 


sen'nes-kul, 


sen'es-k^il. 


sen'ne-sh^il. 


SE-aUES-TRA'TOR 


,, sek'wes-tra-tur 


, sek-wes-tra'tur 


, se-kwes-tra'tur, 


, sek-wfs-tra'turj 


, sek-w?s-tra'tur 


, se'kwes-tra-tur 


SER-PI'GO 


ser-pi'go. 


1 ser-pi'go, 
1 ser-pe'go. 


j ser'pe-g5, 






ser-pe'g9. 


ftJXJXV X X \JV^, 






SES-aUIP'E-DAL, 


ses-kwe-pe'del 


, ses-kwip'pe-d^l, . 


. 




ses-kwip'e-dji) 


SEWER, 


sh5re, 


shore, 


shore. 


shore, 


sh5re, 


shore. 


SEX'A-GEN-A-RY. 1 


1 












SHAM'OIS, (e) 
SHER'EET, 


sham 'me, 
sher-bet'. 


sham'm?, 
sher-bet' 




sham'me. 
shfr-bet', 






sh?r-bet', 


sher-bet', 


sh^r-bet'. 


SHIRE, 


shire. 


shere. 


shere, 


shere. 


shire, shere. 


shire. 


SIIIVE, 


shive. 


shive, 


shive. 


shive. 


shive. 


shive. 


SHONE, 


shon, 


shon. 


shun. 


shon. 


shon, 


shon. 


SHOOK, 


shftk. 


shook, 


shfik, 


shfik. 


shfik, 


sh88k 


SIREN, 


si'ren, 


si'ren. 


Si'ren, 


si'ren, 


sfren, 


si'r?n. 


SIR'RAH, 


sar'rsi, 


sar'ra. 


sar'rah. 


sar'ra. 


sar'ra, 


ser'r?. 


SiR'UP, 


sur'rup. 


sur'rup, 


sir'rup. 


sur'rup. 


ser'rup. 


ser'rup. 


SLAB'BER, 


slob'bur. 


siab'bur, slob'bur,slob'ber, 


siab'bur. 


slab'ber. 


slab'ber. 


SLOTH, 


sloth, 


sloth, 


sloth. 


sloth. 


sloth. 


sloth. 


So'CIA-BLE, 


so/sh?-bI, 


so'she-Ei-bl, 


so'she-Ei-bl, 


so'sha-bl. 


s5'sh?-Ei-bl, 


s6'she-si-bL 


SO'JOURN, 


so'jurn, 


so'jurn. 


so'jurn, so-jurn 


', so'jurn. 


so'jurn, 


so'jurn. 


SOL'DER, 


sod'dur, 


sol'dur. 


sol'd?r. 


sol'dfr. 


sol'der. 


sol'der. 


SO-NA'TA, 


so-na't?. 


so-na'tfi. 


S9-na'ta, 


so-na'ta. 


so-na'tst, 


S9-na't5i. 


SOOT, 


sut, 


soot. 


sut, 


sfit. 


sut. 


sut. 


s6u-CH0NG', 




sou-chong', 
sorse. 


s66-shong', 
soors, 






. sou-chong" 
sorse. 


Source, 


sorse. 


sorse. 


sorse. 


sous. 


s63. 


souse, s6o, 


s66, 


s8S, 


s88, 


s83. 


SOUTH-EAST', 


soutfi'eest, 
suth'?r-l?, 


soutn'eest, 
sut&'er-l?, 
south'er-l?. 


south'eest, 
j suth'er-l?. 






south'eest. 


S6UTH'ER-LY, 






. sutn'eHe. 








SOUTH'ERN, 


suth'urn, 


( south'urn, 
( sutii'urn. 


j sutn'ern, 





I soutfi.'?rn, 
i suth'frn, 


) soutn'em, 
) sutft'em. 


SOUTH'WARD, 


suth'^ird, 


< soutri'w?trd, 
I suth'urd. 


1 suth'sird, 


sutli'urd, 


< south' wyrd, 
1 suth'urd, 


1 soutfi'w9rd. 


SPAN'IEL, 


span'ny?l, 


span'yel, 


span'fl, 


span'y?!, 


span'y?]. 


span'yel. 


SPER-MA-Ce'TI, 


sper-m^i-sit'tf. 


sper-m5i-se'te, 


sper-ma-se'tf. 


sper-ma-sit'te, 


sper-m^-se'tf, 


sper-mai-se't? 


SPIKE'NARD, 


spike'nsird. 


spike'nard, 


spike'n^ird, 


spike'njird, 


spike'naird, 


spike'nard. 


SPIR«A-€LE, 


spi're-kl, 


spir'^-kl, 


spi'r^-kl. 


spir'^-kl, 


spir'?-kl. 


spi'r9-kl. 


SaUIR'REL, 


skwgr'ril, 


skwer'rel. 


skwer'rel. 


skwer'r?!. 


skwer'r?], 


skwer'rel. 


STI-PEND'I-A-RY, 


sti-pen'dzh?r-? 


sti-pen'de-si-r?, 
' sti-pen'j?-fi-r?, 


j sti-pen'd?-?-r?. 


sti-pen'd?-?i-re. 


, sti-pen'dy^-r?. 


sti-pen'd?-|i-r?. 


STIR'RUP, 


stQr'rup, 


stur'rup. 


star'rup. 


stur'rup, • 


ster'rup, 


ster'rup. 


STREW, 


str55. 


stro. 


stru, stro, 


stro6, 


stro. 


strSd. 



Sheridan. Walker. Perry. Jones. Fulton tf Knight. Jameson. 

ifki-adzh'en-er-e, seks-Sd'jen-jr-f , sfks-adljen-^r-ei sek9-&d'jen-^-re, seks-Sj'e-njr-e, s?ks-ad'jen-?r-t. 



xxii 




SYNOPSlfe. 








Webster 


Sheridan. 


Walker. 


Perry. 


Jones. 


Fulton Sc Knight, jameson 


STt'DI-OUS, 


stu'dzhus. 


{ stu 'de-US, 
I stu'j?-us. 


j stu'de-us. 


stu'de-us, 


stu'de-Jjis, 


stu'd?-ua 


SCB-4iL'TERN, 


sub'5il-tern, 


sub'^l-tern. 


sub'?l-tern, 


sub'ul-tern, 


sub'jl-tern, 


sub'?J-tern. 


SUB-SID'I-A-RY, 


sub-sid'yer-e, 


( sub-sid'e-Ei-re, 
( sub-sid'je-51-re. 


1 sub-sid'e-?-re, 


sub-sid'e-gi-r?, 


sub-sid'ygi-r?, 


sub-sid'e-gi-r? 


SUB-SULT'0-RY, 


sub'sul-tyr-?. 


sub'sul-tur-e, 


sub-sul'to-re. 


sub-sul'tur-?, 


sub'SLd-ttJ-e 


. . . 


SUB'TIL, 


sub'til. 


sub'ta. 


sub'til, sut'tl. 


sub'til, 


sub'til, 


sub'til. 


SUB'TIL-IZE, 


sub'til-ize, 


sub'til-ize. 


( sut'tl-ize, 
I sub'til-ize. 


I 




. sub'til-ize. 


) 






SU€-CESS'OR, 


suk'ses-sur, 


1 suk's^s-sur, 
( suk-ses'ur, 


I suk-ses'ur. 


suk-ses'sur. 


suk'ses-ur. 


suk-ses'ur. 


SUG-6EST', 


sud-dzhest'. 


sug-jest'. 


sug-jest'. 


sug-djest'. 


sug-jest'. 


sud-jest'. 


SUITE, 


sweet. 


sweet, 


sute, 


sweet. 


sweet, 


sute. 


SU-PER-E-ROG'A-TO-RY. i 












Su'PER-FlNE, 


sh8&-per-fine', 


su-per-fine'. 


su-per-fine'. 


su-p?r-fine', 


su-per-fine'. 


su-per-fine'. 


SUR-PLUS'A6E, 
SUR'VEY, n. 


sur'plus-?dzh, 
sur'v?, 


sur'plus-idje, 
sur-va', sur'va. 


sur'plas-aje, 
sur'vsi. 






• sur'plus-aj©. 


sur-va'. 


sur'va. 


sur'v^i'. 


SWoRD, 


Eord, 


sord, 


sord. 


sord, 


sord. 


sord. 


SYS'TEM-A-TiZE 




sis-tem'?-tize, 

{ taps'tre, 
l tap'es-tre, 


sis'te-m^-tize, 
1 tap'?s-tre. 






. sis'tem-9-tize. 


TAP'ES-TRY, 


taps'tr?, 


taps'tre. 


tap'?s-tre, 


tap'es-tr?. 


TAS'SEL, 


tos'I, 


tas'sel, 


tas'sel. 


tas'sel, 


tas'sel. 


tas'sel. 


TAUxNT, 


tawnt. 


fant, t^iwnt. 


tawnt. 


tant. 


tant. 


tant, tawnt. 


TeD^-OUS, 


te'dzhus, 


te'de-us, te'je-us 


5, te'de-us, te'je-us, te'de-us, 


te'dyus, 


te'de-us.' 


TEN'A-BLE, 


te'ne-bl, 


ten'a-bl. 


ten'a-bl. 


ten'si-bl. 


ten'ei-bl, 


te'n^-bl. 


TEN'ET, 


te'net. 


ten'nit. 


ten'et. 


ten'et. 


ten'et, te'net. 


te'net. 


TEN'URE, 


te'nyur, 


te'nure, 


ten'ur. 


te'nure. 


te'nure. 


ten'yur. 


Te'TRAR€H, 


te'trark. 


. te'trark, tet'r^irk, te'trark. 


te'trark, 


te'trark. 


^ te'trark, 
c tet'rjirk. 


TET'RAR-€HY, 


tet'trar-ke. 


tet'rar-kf, 
the, the. 


te'trar-ke, 
the, the. 






. tet'rar-k?. 


THE, 


tlie, the. 


the, the. 


the, the. 


the, th?. 


'iHERE'FORE, 

(tfier'fore) 
THREEPENCE, 


j thgr'f ore. 


ther'fore, 


thdre'fSre, 


thare'fore, 


ther'fore, 


thare'fore. 


j thrip'ens, 
thi, 


thrgp'ens, 
thi, the. 


threp'ens, 
thi, 




thrip'fns, 
thi, 


thrip'ens 
thi. 


(thripens) 
THY, 


thi. 


THYME, 


time, 


time. 


time. 


time. 


time, 


time 


TI-A'RA, 




ti-a'ra. 


ti-4r'it. 





ti-a'ra, 


ti-a'rai. 


TIERCE, 


ters. 


ters, 


teers. 


tSers, 


ters, 


teers. 


TIN'Y, 


ti'ne. 


ti'ne. 


ti'ne. 


ti'ne. 


tPn?, 


ti'n?. 


T(5, 


tH> 


tSo, 


tu, t66, 


tu, tSS, 


tu, t86. 


tbt. 


TOOK, 


tuk. 


t6ok, 


tuk. 


Ifik, 


took. 


t66k. 


TOir-PET', 


too-pe'. 


too-pet'. 


too-pe', 


too-pS', 


too-p5'. 


t09-pet'. 


ToURN'A-MENT, 


toor'n^i-ment, 


( toor'nei-ment, 
« tur'n?-ment. 


toor'n?i-ment. 


tur'ngi-ment. 


t&Sr'n^i-ment, 


tore'ne-ment 


To'WARBS, prep. 


to'rdz. 


to'urdz. 


j to'urdz, 
( to-wardz', 


j to'rdz, 


to'ardz. 


tafardz. 


TO'WARD, a. 


tS'werd, 


t5'wurd. 


to'ard. 




to'wurd. 


ta'^ird. 


TRaIT, 


tra, 


tra, trate. 


tra. 


tra, 


trate, tra, 


tra, trate. 


TRANS'LA-TO-RY, 


trans'la-tur-e. 


tr^ms-la'tur-e, 
tr^-vers'. 


trans-la'to-r?, 
trav'frs. 






. tranz-la'tur-e . 


TRAVERSE, adv. 


trav'ers, 


trav'ers. 


trav'ers, 


trav'ers. 


TRAY iBRSE, prep. 


trsi-vers', 


tra-vers'. 


trSv'frs, 






. trav'ers. 


TREB'LE, (trib'bl) 


treb'l, 


treb'bl, 


treb'bl. 




. . 


. treb'bl. 


TRIG'0-NAL, 


tri'gg-nel, 


trig'o-nal, 


trig'o-n?l, 







. trig'o-nail. 


TRIP'E-DAL, 


tri-pe'del, 


trip'e-dal. 


trip'?-dal. 


. . 


. . . 


. trip'e-dal. 


TRI'POD, 


trl'p9d, 


tri'pod, trip'od, 


trip'ud, tri'p9d. 


tri'pod. 


tri'pod. 


tri'pod. 


TRIS'YL-LA-BLE, 


tris'sil-la-bl, 


tris'sil-lci-bl. 


tris-sil'la-bl, 


tris'sil-l?-bl, 


tris'sn-la bl, 


tris'sil-Iai-bl. 


TRi'UNE, 


tri'une. 


tri-Qne', 


tri'une. 


tri'une, 


tri-une'. 


tri'une. 


TRUFFLE, 


tredifl, 


tr86'fl, 


truffl. 


troo'fl. 


trSS'fl, 


troo'fl. 


TUR'CISM, 


turk'izm. 


tiir'sizm, 






tiir'sizm. 




TURK'OIS, 


tur-kaze'. 


tur-keez'. 


tur-keez'. 


tur-kaze', 


tur-keez'. 




TUR-MOIL', 


tur'moil. 


tuWmoil, 


tur-moil', 


tur'moil, 


tur-moil', 


tur-moil'. 


TWID'LE, 


twid'l, 


twi'dl. 




twid'dl, 


twidl. 


twi'dl. 


TWO-PENCE, 


tup'puns. 


tup'pens. 


tup'pens, 


tup'ung. 


tup'ens. 


tup'pens. 


TT-PO-GRAPH'I-€AL. 2 












Sheridan. 


Walker. 


Perry. 


Jones. 


Fulton t[ Knight. 


Jameson. 


I 3h&&-p?r-er'ro-ga- | s„.per-er'ro-ga-tur 
tur-9, ' 


-e, su-per-er'o-gai- 


to-re, 






per-er'ro-gst-tur-? 


a tl-p9-gi-!lf ?-k?l Hp-9-graf ?-kfil, 


tip-9-sraf/?-k$il 


tip-o-gr&P?-kul, tip-9-grSP?-k?il, ti-] 


P9-grSPf-kal. 







s 


YJNUrSlS. 






XXlll 


Webster. 


Sheridan. 


Walker. 


Perry. 


Jones. 


Fulton 4r Knight. Jameson. 


UM'BRA-TiLE, 


um-brat'jl, 


um'brHil, 


um'br§i-til. 









US'aUE-BAUGH, 


iis-kwe-ba', 


iis-kwe-ba', 


us-kwe-baw', 


us-kwe-bi', 


us-kwe-ba', 


us-kwe-biw' 


U-TEN'SIL, 


u't?n-sil, 


yu'ten-sa, 


yu-ten'sjl, 


yu't?n-si!, 


yu't?n-sil, 


yy-ten'sjl. 


VAC'IL-LAN-CY, 


va-sil'l?n-se, 


vas'sjl-liin-se. 


vjs-sil'lEin-s?, 




v3s'sjl-lan-s?, 


Vas'sj\-lan-Sf. 


VAL'ET, 


va-let', vol'le, 


val'et, V5i-let', 


val'et, 


vSl'et, 


vai'et, 


vSl'et, vol'la. 


VAL-U-A'TOR, 


vai'u-a-tur, 


val-u-a'tur, 


vai-u-a'tur. 






val-u-a'tur. 


VAN-f!f)UR'IER 


van-kur'yer, 
vase, 


van-koor-yeer', 
vaze. 


van-ko6're-a. 








VASE, 


Vaze, 


vaze. 


vaze. 


vaze, vS,z. 


VAULT, 


v§iwt, 


vtwlt, vSlwt, 


vawit, 


vawlt. 


v&wlt, 


vawlt. 


VAUNT, 


v&.wnt, 


viwnt. 


v^wnt, 


vant, 


va,wnt, 


vawnt. 


VE-NEER', 


fin-neer', 


ve-n6gr', 


ve-neer', 


ve-neer'. 


v?-neer', 


ve-neep 


VENISON, 


vSn'is-sun, 


ven'zn, ven'?-zn,ven'zn. 


ven'?-zn, 


ven'e-zn. 


ven'zn, 
ven'?-zn. 














VERD'URE, 


ver'dzhur. 


ver'jure, 


ver'dure. 


ver'djure, 


ver'dure. 


verd'yur. 


VER-MI-CEL'LI, 


ver-me-chel'le, 


ver-me-chel'l?. 


ver-me-selle. 


ver-me-chel'l?, 


ver-me-chel'I?3 


, ver-m?-chel'lf. 


VERT'E-BRE, 


ver'te-bre, 


ver'te-bur, 
, ver-ti'go, 


ver'te-ber. 


ver'te-bur, 


ver'te-ber. 




VERT'I-GO, 


ver-ti'go. 


J ver-te'go. 


> ver'te-go, 


ver't?-go, 


ver-ti'g9, 
ver-te'g9, 


ver-ti'g9, 






' ver'te-go, 


) 




ver-te'g9. 


VIC'I-NAL, 


ve-si'nel, 


vis'e-n^l. 


vis'in-^1, 


vis'e-nul, 


vis'e-nal, 


vis-si'n?il. 


VIC1NE, 


ve-sine', 


vis'inb, 


vis'in. 


Vf-sine', 


v?-sine'. 




VI-O-LON-CEL'LO, 


vi-o-lon-chel'lo, 


vi-o-l9n-chel'l9. 


vi-9-lon-sel'l9, 


ve-o-lon-chei'l9. 


, ve-9-l9n-cheI'lo 


', ve-9-l9n-stel'.9 


ViR'TU, 




ver-t66', 








vir-tu'. 
vir'tH. 


ViRT'UE, 


ver'chu, 


ver'chu. 


vir'tu. 


ver'chu. 


ver'tu. 


VIZ'IER, 


viz'yare, 


viz'yeer. 


vxz'yer, 


viz-yere', 


viz'yer, v?-zyer',viz'yeer. 


VOL'UME, 


vbl'yum, 


vol'yume. 


vol'um. 


vol'yume, 


vol'ume, 


vol'yume. 


WAIN'S€OT, 


wen'skut, 


wen'skut, 


wan'skot, 


wen'skut, 


wens'k9t. 


wane'sknt. 


WaIST'€OAT, 




wes'kot. 


wast'kot. 


wes'kut, 


wast'kot, wes'k9t 


WAN, 


wan, 


won, 


won, 


won, 


won. 


won. 


WAR'RIOR, 


wa.r'ryur. 


war'yur, 


wir'yur. 


war'yur, 


war'?-t:r, 


wor r§-ar. 


WASP, 


wasp, 


wosp. 


wasp. 


wosp. 


wosp, 


wosp. 


V/AY-LaY', 


wa'la, 


wa-la', 


wa-la'. 


wa-la'. 


wa-la', 


wa'la. 


WERE, 


wer. 


wer, 


wer, 


wer, 


wer. 


wer. 


WHERE'FORE, 


hwer'fore, 


hware'fore, 


hwdre'fore, 


hware'fore, 


hware'fore. 


hware'fore. 


WIND, 


wind, wind, 


wind, wind. 


wind, 


wind, wind, 


wind, wind. 


wind, wmd. 


WOUND, 


w36nd, 


wSQnd, wound. 


, woond, wound. 


, wound, wS6nd, 


, w66nd, 


w6&nd. 


WRATH, 


r^th, 


roth, rath, 


rath. 


rath. 


rath. 


rawth, rath 


WREATH 




reeth, reetfi, 


reetfi, 


reeth 


reeth 


reeth, rSetfi. 

ya. 


YEA, (ya) 


ys, 


ye, 


y5, 


ya, 


ya, ys, 


YeAST, 


yest, 


yest, 


yeest, yest. 


yeest, 


ygst, 


yest. 


YELK, 


y5ke, 


yelk, 


yelk, yoke, 


yelk, 


yoke, 


yelk. 


YEO'MAN, 


yem'mun. 


yo'mfin, 


yo'm?n, 


yS'mun, 


yS'mjin, 


yo'man. 


YES, 


yis, 


yie, 


ye-s. 


yis, 


yes, yis. 


yes. 


YES'TER-DAY, 


yis't?r-da, 


yes'ter-da, 


yes'ter-da, 


ygs't?r-da, 


ySs't?r-da, 


yes'ter-da. 


YoLK, 


y5ke, 


yoke, 


yoke, 




y5ke. 


yoke 


ZEAL'OUS, 


zel'us, 


zel'us, zS'lus, 


zel'us, 


zSl'us, 


zel'«.s, 


zeiaus. 


Ze'€HIN, 


cli5i-k5ne', 


chp-kSen', 


ze'kjn, 


che-k55n', 


ch?-kegn', 


ch?4?een'. 


Ze'NITH, 


zS'njtb, 


ze'nith, 


zS'nith, 


ze'nitb, 


zs'njth, 


zen'njth, 
ze'njth. 















POINTED LETTERS. 



A 


has 


A 


has 


A 


has 


A 


has 


fi 


has 


E 


has 


T 


has 


1 


has 


1 


has 


1 


has 


O 


has 



the long sound of a, as in fate. 

the Italian sound of a, as in far. 

the sound of aw, as hi fall. 

the short sound of aw, as in what. 

the long sound of e, as in mete. 

the sound of long a, as in vein, and in there 

the long sound of i, as in pine. 

the short sound of i, as in pin. 

the sound of long e, as in marine. 

the sound of short m, as in bird. 

the long sound of o, as in note. 



O has the sound of oo, as in food. 

O has the sound of oo, as in good, the same as u in/vZi 

6 has the sound of short u, as in do»e. 

tj has the long sound of «, as in tube. 

[J has the sound of M, as in duZZ. 

U has the sound of yu, as in union. 

€ hard c, the same as k. 

(5 soft g, the same as j. 

S soft s, the same as z. 
OH have the French sound, the same as sh. 
TH have their vocal sound, as in this. 



ABBREVIATIONS. 



a. stands for adjective. 


Eth. stands 


for Ethiopic. 


ado. , 


, for adverb. 


Fr. 


for Frejich. 


eon. , 


, for connective, or conjunction. 


O. or Oer. „ 


for German. 


exclam. , 


, for exclamation, or interjection. 


Gr. 


for Greek. 


l.u. , 


, for little used. 


Goth. 


for Gothic. 


It. , 


, for name, or noun. 


Heb. 


for Hebrew. 


obs. 


, for obsolete. 


Ice. „ 


for Icelandic. 


prep. 


, for preposition. 


Ir. 


for Irish, Hiberno-Celtic, and Gaelic 


PP' , 


, for participle passive. 


It. ., 


for Italian. 


ppr. , 


, for participle of the present tense. 


Lat. or L. „ 


for Latin. 


pret, , 


, for preterit tense. 


Per. 


for Persic, or Persian 


pron. , 


, for pronoun. 


Part. 


for Portuguese. 


e.i. , 


, for verb intransitive. 


Russ. „ 


for the Russ language, or Russian. 


V. t. , 


, for verb transitive. 


Sam. 


for Samaritan. 


J3r. , 


for Arabic. 


Sans. „ 


for Sanscrit. 


w9nn. , 


, for Armoric. 


Sax. 


for Saxon, or Anglo-Saxon. 


Ch. , 


, for Chaldee. 


Sp. 


for Spanish. 


Gom. , 


, for Cornish. 


Sw. „ 


for Swedish 


I?an. 


, for Danish. 


Syr „ 


for Syriac. 


Z>. 


, for Dutch, or Belgic. 


Jr „ 


for Welsh. 


E«^. 


, for England, or English. 







AN 



AMERICAN DICTIONARY 



ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 



ABA 

A is the first letter of the alphabet in most of the known 

tv languages of the earth : in the Ethiopic, however, it is 
the thirteenth, and in the Runic the tenth. It is naturally 
the first letter, because it represents the first vocal sound 
naturally formed by the human organs ; being the sound 
uttered with a mere opening of the mouth, without con- 
straint, and without any effort to alter the natural posi- 
tion or configuration of the lips. 

A lias, m English, three sounds ; the long or slender, as 
in place, fate ; the broad, as in xcall,fall, which is short- 
ened in salt, ichat ; and the open, as in father, glass, 
which is shortened in rather, fancy. Its primitive sound 
was probably aw. A is also an abbreviation of the Saxon 
an or ane, one, used before words beginning with a con- 
sonant 3 as, a table, instead of an table, or one table. 
This is a modern change ; for, in Saxon, an was used 
before articulations as well as vowels ; as, an tid, a time, 
an gear, a year. See An. 

This letter serves as a prefix to many English words ; as in 
asleep, awake, afoot, aground, agoing. 

A is also used for anno, or ante ; as in amio Domini, the 
year of our Lord 5 anno mundi, the year of the world ; 
ante meridiem, before noon ; and for ai-ts, in artium ma- 
gister, master of arts. Among the Romans, A U C stood 
for anno ab urbe condita, from the building of the city, or 
Rome 

AAM, n. [Ch. ncN, or NcN.] A Dutch measm-e of liquids, 
equal to 288 English pints. 

A A-RON I€, } a. Pertaining to Aaron, or to the priest- 

AA-RON I-€AL, \ hood of which he was the head. 

AB, in English names, is an abbreviation of abbeij or ab- 
bot : as Abbingdon, Abbeytown. 

AB, a prefix to words of Latin origin, and a Latin preposi- 
tion, as in abscond, is the Greek a-xo, and the Eng. of, Ger. 
ab, D. af, Sw. Dan. af, written in ancient Latin, of. It 
denotes /ro7n, separating or departure. 

AB. The Hebsew name of/atAer. See Abba. 

AB. A name of one of the Jewish months. 

AB'A-CIST, n. ffrom abacus.'] One that casts accounts ; a 
calculator. 

A-BACK', adi. Towards the back ; on the back part •, back- 
ward. — In seamen's language, it signifies the situation of 
the sails, when pressed back against the mast by the 
wind. 

AB'A-€OT, 71. The cap of state, formerly used by English 
kings 

A-BA€'TOR, n. [L.] In laiv, one that ffeloniously drives 
away or steals a herd or numbers of cattle at once, in 
distinction from one that steals a sheep or two. 

AB'A-€US, 71. [L.] 1. Among the Romans, a cupboard or 
buffet. 2. An instrument to facilitate operations in arith- 
metic. — 3. In architecture, a table constituting the upper 
member or crowning of a column and its capital. 

AB'A-€US PYTH-A-GOR'I-€US. The multiplication ta- 
ble, invented by Pythagoras. 

AB'A-eUS HAR-MON'I-€US The structure and disposi- 
tion of the keys of a musical instrument. 

AB'A-€US Ma-JOR. A trough used in mines, to wash i^re 
in. 

AB'A-DA, n. A wild animal of Africa. 

A-BAD'DON, n. [Heb. na«.] 1. The destroyer, or angel of 
the bottomless pit. 2. The bottomless pit. Milton. 

A-B AFT , adv. or prep. [Sax. ceftan.] A sea-term, signify- 
ing in or at the hinder part of a ship, or the parts which 
lie towards the stern 5 opposed to afore. Relatively, it 
denotes /wrt/ter aft, or towards the stem. It is often con- 
tracted into aft. 



ABA 

ABA-GUN, n. The name of a fowl in Ethiopia 

A-BAI'SANCE. See Obeisance. 

AB-aL'IEN-ATE, (ab-ale'yen-ate) v. t. To transfer tha 
title of property from one to another— a term of the civil 
law. 

AB-aL-IEN-a'TION, (ab-ale-yen-a'shun) n. The trans- 
ferring of title to property. See Alienation. 

t A-BAND', V. t. To forsake. Spenser. 

A-BAN'DON, V. t. [Ft. abandonner.] 1. To forsake entire- 
ly •, as, to abandon a hopeless enterprise. Dr. Mason. 2 
To renounce and forsake ; to leave with a view never 
to return ; to desert as lost or desperate. 3. To give up 
or resign without control , as when a person yields him- 
self, without restraint, to a propensity. 4. To resign ; 
to yield, relinquish, or give over entirely. 

t A-BAN'DON, 7?. 1 One who totally forsakes or deserts 
2. A relinquishment. 

A-BAN'DONED, pp. 1. Wholly forsaken or deserted. 2 
Given up, as to a vice ; extremely wicked. 

A-BANDON-ER, n. One who abandons, 

A-BAN'DON-ING, ppr. Forsaking or deserting wholly ; 
yielding one's self without restraint. 

A-BAN'DON-ING, n. A forsaking ; total desertion. 

A-BAN'DON-MENT, n. A total desertion ; a state of being 
forsaken. 

A-BAN'GA, n. The ady ; a species of palm-tree. 

t AB-AN-Ni"TION, n. A banishment for one or two years 
for manslaughter. 

A-BAP-TIS'TON, 7z. The perforating part of the trephine, 
an instrument used in trepanning. 

fABARE', v.t. [Sax. abarian.] To make bare; to un- 
cover. 

AB-AR-TI€-U-La'TION, n. In anatomy, that species of 
articulation, or structure of joints, which admits of man 
ifest or extensive motion. 

A-BAS', n. A weight in Persia. Encyc. 

A-BaSE', v. t. [Ft. abaisser.] To cast down ; to reduce 
low ; to depress 5 to humble ; to degrade ; applied to the 
passions, rank, office, and condition in life. 

A-BaSE'D, (a-baste') pp. Reduced to a low state, humbled, 
degraded. — In heraldry, it is used of the wings of ea- 
gles, when the tops are turned downwards towards the 
point of the shield ; or when the wings are shut. 

A-BaSE'MENT, n. The act of humbling or bringing low ■ 
also a state of degradation . 

A-BASH', v. t. [Heb. C'U.] To make the spirits to fail , to 
cast down the countenance ; to make ashamed ; to con- 
fuse or confound, as by exciting suddenly a conscious 
ness of guilt, error, inferiority, &c. 

A-BASH'ED, (a-basht') pp. Confused with shame ; eon- 
founded ; put to silence : followed by at. 

A-BASH'ING, ppr. Putting to shame or confusion. 

A-BASH'MENT, n. Confusion from shame. 

A-BaS'ING, ppr. Humbling, depressing, bringing low. 

A-BAS'SIj or A-BAS'SIS, n. A silver coin of Persia, of the 
value of twenty cents. 

A-BaTA-BLE, a. That may or can be abated. 

A-BaTE', v. t. [Fr. abattre.l 1. To beat down ; to pull 
down ; to destroy in any manner ; as, to abate a nui- 
sance. 2. To lessen ; to diminish ; to moderate ; as, to 
abate a demand. 3. To lessen ; to mitigate j as, to abate 
pain. 4. To overthrow ; to cause to fail ; to frustrate by 
judicial sentence ; as, to abate a writ. 5. To deject ; to 
depress •, as, to abate the soul. Obs. 6. To deduct. Pope. 
7. To cause to fail ; to annul. 

A-BaTE', v. i. 1. To decrease, or become less in strength 
or violence ; a>?, pain abates 2. To fail ; to be defeated 



See Synopsis. A, E, T, o, tj, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete 
MOVE, BQQK, D6VE •,— B^LL, UNITE.— € as K; 6 as J , S as Z } CH as SH ; TH as in this* 



ABD 



ABE 



or come to naught •, as, a writ abates.— 3. In law, to en- 
ter into a freehold after the death of the last occupant, 
and before the heir or devisee takes possession. — 4. In 
horsemanship, to perform well a downward motion. A 
horse is said to abate, or take down his curvets, when, 
working upon curvets, he puts both his hind legs to the 
ground at once, and observes the same exactness in all the 
times. 

A-BaT'ED, pp. Lessened ; decreased ; destroyed ; mitigat- 
ed ; defeated ; remitted ; overthrown. 

A-BZTE'MENT, 71. 1. The act of abating ; the state of 
being abated. 2. A reduction, removing, or pulling down, 
as of a nuisance. 3. Diminution, decrease, or mitigation, 
as of grief or pain. 4. Deduction, smn withdrawn, as 
from an account. 5. Overtln-ow, failure, or defeat, as of 
a writ. 6. The entry of a stranger into a freehold after 
the death of the tenant, before the heir or devisee. — 7. In 
heraldry, a mark of dishonor in a coat of arms, by which 
its dignity is debased for some stain on the character of 
the wearer. 

A-BaT'ER, n. The person or thing that abates. 

A'BaT'ING, ppr. Pulling down, duninishing, defeating, 
remitting. 

A-BaT'OR, n. A person who enters into a freehold on the 
death of the last possessor, before the heir or devisee. 

AB'A-TIS, )n. [Ft.] Rnhhish.— In fortification, piles of 

AB'AT-TIS, \ trees, or branches of trees sharpened, and 
laid with the points outward, in front of ramparts, to pre- 
vent assailants from mounting the walls. 

t AB A-TUDE, n. Any thing diminished. 

ABA-TURE, n. [from abate.] Grass beaten or trampled 
down by a stag in passing. Vict. 

ABB, n. [Sax. ab or ob.] Among weavers, yam for the 
warp. Encyc. 

AB'BA, n. In the Chaldee and Syriac, a father, and figu- 
ratively, a superior. 

AB'BA-CY, [Low Lat. abbatia.] The dignity, rights, and 
privileges of an abbot. 

AB-BAFI^AL, | "' belonging to an abbey. 

AB'BE, (ab'by) n. [fi-om abba.] In a monastic sense, the 
same as an abbot ; but, more generally, a title, in Catho- 
lic countries, without any determinate rank, office, or 
rights. 

AB'BESS, n. [from abba.] A female superior or governess 
of a nunnery, or convent of nuns. See Abbey. 

AB'BEY, (ab-by) n., plu. Abbeys, [from abba.] A mon- 
astery or society of persons, of either sex, secluded from 
the world, and devoted to religion. The males are called 
monks, and are governed by an abbot ; the females are 
called nuns, and are governed by an abbess. 

AB'BEY-LUB-BER, n. A name given to monks, in con- 
tempt for their idleness. 

AB'BOT, Ti.. [formerly abbat, from abba. Latinized abbas.] 
The superior or governor of an abbey or monastery. Ency. 

AB'BOTSHIP, n. The state of an abbot. 

AB-BREU-VOIR', (ab-bru-vwor') n. [Fr.] A watering-place ; 
among inasons, the joint between stones in a wall, to be 
filled with mortar. 

AB-BRe'VI-ATE, v. t. [It. abbreviare.] I. To shorten ; 
to make shorter by contracting the parts. 2. To shorten ; 
to abridge by the omission or defalcation of a part ; to re- 
duce to a smaller compass 5 as, to abbreviate a writing. — 
3. In mathematics, to reduce fractions to the lowest terms. 

t AB-BRe'VI-ATE, n. An abridgment. Elyot. 

AB-BRe'VI-A-TED, pp. Shortened ; reduced in length 5 
abridged. 

AB-BRe'VI-A-TING, ppr. Shortening ; contracting in 
length, or into a smaller compass. 

AB-BRE-VI-a'TION, 71. 1. The act of shortening or con- 
tracting. A letter, or a few letters, used for a word ; es. 
Gen. for Genesis. 3. The reduction of fractions to the 
lowest terms. 

AB-BRe'VI-A-TOR, 71. One who abridges or reduces to a 
smaller compass. 

AB-BRe'VI-A-TORS. a college of seventy-two persons in 
the chancery of Rome. 

AB-BRe'VI-A-TO-RY, a. Shortening, contracting. 

AB-BRe'VI-A-TURE, 71. A letter or character for shorten- 
ing •, an abridgment, a compend. 

A. B. C. The three first letters of the alphabet, used for the 
whole alphabet. Also a little book for teaching the ele- 
ments of reading. 

AB'DALS, n. The name of certain fanatics in Persia. Enc. 

AB'DE-RlTE, n. An inhabitant of Abdera. Whitaker. 

AB'DI-€ANT, a. Abdicating ; renouncing. 

AB'DI-€ATE, v. t. [L. abdico.] l.To abandon an office or 
trust, without a formal resignation to those who conferred 
it, or without their consent ; also, to abandon a throne, 
without a formal surrender of the crown. Blackstone. 
2. To reject ; to renounce ; to abandon as a right.— 3. In 
the civil law, to disclaim a son, and expel him from the 
family, as a father ; to disinherit during the life of the 
father. 



AB'D1-€ATE, v. i. To renounce ; to abandon ; to cast ofFj 
to relinquish, as a right, power, or trust. Burke. 

AB'DI-€A-TED, pp. Renounced ; relinquished without 
a formal resignation ; abandoned. 

AB'DI-eA-TING, ppr. Relinquishing without a formal res- 
ignation ; abandoning. 

AB-DI-€a'TION, n. 1. The act of abdicating ; the aban- 
doning of an office or trust, without a formal surrender. 

2. A casting off; rejection. 

*AB DI-€A-TiVE, a. Causing or implying abdication. [Lit- 
tle used.] 

AB'DI-TiVE, a. [L. abdo ] Having the power or quality of 
hiding. [Little used.] 

AB'DI-TO-RY, n. A place for secreting or pr-eserving goods. 

*AB'DO-MEN, or AB-Do'MEN, n. [L. perhaps abdo and 
omentum.] 1. The lower belly, or that part of the body 
which lies between the thorax and the bottom of the pel 
vis. — 2. In insects, the lower part of the animal, united to 
the corslet by a thread. 

AB-DOM'I-NAL, a. Pertaining to the lower belly 

AB-DOM'I-NAL, n. ; plu. Abdominals. In ichthyo^'igy, 
the abdominals are a class of fish, whose ventral fins are 
placed behind the pectoral, and which belong to the di- 
vision of bony fish. 

AB-DOM'I-NAL RING, or IN'GUI-NAL RING, n. An ob- 
long, tendinous ring in both groins. 

AB-DOM'I-NOUS, a. Pertaining to the abdomen ; having 
a large belly. 

AB-DuCE , V. t. [L. abduco.] To draw from ; to withdraw, 
or draw to a different part ; used chiefly in anatomy. 

ABDU'CENT, a. Drawing from, pulling back ; used of 
those muscles which pull back certain parts of the body, 
for separating, opening, or bending them. 

AB-DU€'TION, n. 1. In a general sense, the act of drav/ing 
apart, or carrying away. — 2. In surgery, a species of frac- 
ture, in which the broken parts recede "from each other. — 

3. In logic, a kind of argumentation, called by the Greeks 
apagoge, in which the major is evident, but the minor is 
not so clear as not to require farther proof. — 4. In law, the 
taking and carrying away of a child, a ward, a wife, &;c., 
either by fraud, persuasion, or open violence. 

AB-DUCTOR, 71. In anatomy, a muscle which serves to 
withdraw, or pull back a certain part of the body. 

t A-BEaR', (a-bare') v. t. [Sax. abcBran.] To bear ; to be- 
have. Spenser. 

A-BEaR'ANCE, 7t. [from abear.] Behavior, demeanor. 
Blackstone. [Little used.] 

A-BE-CE-Da'RI-AN, 71. [a word formed from the first four 
letters of the alphabet.] One who teaches the letters of 
the alphabet, or a learner of the letters. 

A-BE-Ce'DA-RY, a. Pertaining to, or formed by the letters 
of the alphabet. 

A-BED', adv. On or in bed. 

A-BeLE', or a'BEL-TREE, n. An obsolete name of the 
white poplar. 

A-Be'LI-ANS, AB-E-Lo'NI-ANS, or a'BEL-ITES. In 
church history, a sect in Africa which arose in the reign 
of Arcadius. 

a'BEL-MOSK, n. A trivial name of a species of hibiscus, or 
Syrian mallow. 

t AB-ERR', v. i. [L. aberro.] To wander. 

AB-ER'RANCE, ) n. [L. aberrans.] A wandering or devi- 

AB-ER'RAN-CY, \ ating from the right way ; an error, 
mistake ; a fault, a deviation from rectitude. 

AB-ER'RANT, a. Wandering, straying from the right way. 
[Rarely used.] 

AB-ER-Ra'TION, n. [L. aberratio.] 1. The act of wan- 
dering from the right way 5 deviation from truth or moral 
rectitude ; deviation from a strait line. — 2. In astronomy, 
a small apparent motion of the fixed stars, occasioned by 
the progressive motion of light and the earth's annual 
motion in its orbit. — 3. In optics, a deviation in the rays 
of light, when inflected by a lens. — Crown of aberration, 
a luminous circle surrounding the disk of the sun, de- 
pending on the aberration of its rays. Cyc. 

AB-ER'RING, paj't. a. Wandering ; going astray. 

t AB-ER-RUN'€ATE, v. t. [L. averrunco.] To puU up by 
the roots ; to extirpate utterly. 

A-BET', V. t. [Sax. hetan, gebetan.] 1. To encourage by 
aid or countenance, but now used chiefly in a bad sense. 
— 2. In law, to encourage, counsel, incite, or assist in a 
criminal act. 

t ABET', n. The act of aiding in a crime 

A-BET'MENT, n. The act of abetting. 

A-BET'TED, pp. Incited, aided, encouraged to a crime. 

A-BET'TING, ppr. Counseling, aiding, or encouraging to a 
crime. 

A-BET'TOR, n. One who abets, or incites, aids or encourages 
another to commit a crime. 

AB-E-VA€-U-A'TION, 71. [ab and evacuation.] In medicine. 
a partial evacuation of morbid humors of the body, either 
by nature or art. 

A-BEY'ANCE, (a-bay'-ance) n. [Norm, abbaiaunce, or 
abaizance.] In expectation or contemplation of law. The 



* See Synopsis. 5, E, I, o, 0, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WH^T ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



ABL 



\ 



fee simple or inheritance of lands and tenements is in | 
abeijance, wben there is no person in being in whom it 
can vest. 

t AB GRE-GATE, v. t. To lead out of the flock, 

t AB-GRE-Ga'TION, n. A separation from the flock. 

AB-HOR', V. t. [L. abhorreo.] I. To hate extremely, or 
Tvitli contempt ; to lothe, detest, or abommate. 2. To 
despise or neglect. 3. To cast off or reject. 

AB-HOR 'RED, (ab-hord') pp. Hated extremely, detested. 

AB-HOR RENCE, } n. Extreme hatred, detestation, great 

AB-HOR REN-CY, \ aversion. 

AB-HOR RENT, a. 1. Hating, detesting, struck with ab- 
horrence. 2. Contrary, odious, inconsistent with, ex- 
pressive of extreme opposition. 

AB-HOR'RENT-LY, adv. With abhorrence. 

AB-HOR'RER, n. One who abhors. 

AB-HOR'RING, ppr. Having great aversion, detesting. As 
a noun, it is used in Isaiah Ixvi. for the object of hatred— 
" An abhorring to all flesh." 

A'BIB, 71. [Heb. 2H.] The first month of the Jewish ecclesi- 
astical year, called also JVisan. It begins at the spring 
equinox, and answers to the latter part of March and be- 
ginning of April. 

A-BlDE', V. i. pret. and part, abode. [Sax. bidan, abidan.] 

1. To rest or dwell. 2. To stay for a short time. 3. To 
continue permanently, or in the same state ; to be firm 
and immovable. 4. To remain, to continue. 

A-BlDE', V. t.l. To wait for ; to be prepared for ; to await. 

2. To endure or sustain. 3. To bear or endure ; to bear 
patifently. 

A-BlD'ER, n. One who dwells or continues. 

A-BlD'ING, ppr. Dwelling ; remaining ; continuing ; en- 
during ; awaiting. 

A-BiD'ING, n. Continuance ; fixed state ; residence ; an 
enduring. 

A-BiiyiNG-LY, adv. In a manner to continue ; perma- 
nently. 

t A-BIL'I-MENT, n. Formerly used for ability. 

A-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. habileti.] 1. Physical power, whether 
bodily or mental, natural or acquired ; force of under- 
stand'ing ; skill in arts or science. In the plural, abilities 
is much used for the faculties of the mind. 2. Riches, 
wealth, substance. 3. Moral power, depending on the 
will — a metaphysical and theological sense. 4. Civil or 
legal power ; the power or right to do certain things. It 
is opposed to disability. Cyc. 

AB-IN-TEST'ATE, a. [L. ab and intestatus.] In the civil 
law, inheriting the estate of one dying without a wUl. 

t AB-JECT', V. t. To throw awaj-^ ; to cast out. Spenser. 

AB'JECT, a. [L. abjectus.] 1. Sunk to a low condition. 2. 
Worthless, mean, despicable, low in estimation, without 
hope or regard. 

AB'JECT, n. A person in the lowest condition, and despi- 

C£ll)l6* Ps* XXXV. 

AB-JECT'ED-NESS, n. A very low or despicable condition. 

[Little used.] 
AB-JE€'TION, n. A state of being cast away •, hence a low 

state ; meanness of spirit •, baseness. 
AB'JECT-LY, adv. In a contemptible manner ; meanly j 

serA'ilely. 
AB'JECT-NESS, n. The state of being abject ; meanness ; 

servility. 
AB-JU-Ra'TION, n, 1. The act of abjuring ; a renunciation 

upon oath. 2. A rejection or denial with solemnity ; a 

total abandonment. 
AB-Ju'RA-TO-RY, a. Containing abjuration. 
AB-JuRE', V, t.Jh. abju.ro.] 1. To renounce upon oath ; to 

abandon. 2. To renounce or reject with solemnity ; to 

reject. 3. To recant or retract. 4. To banish. [JVot 

used.] 
t AB-JtfRE', V. i. To abjure the realm. Burnet, 
AB-JuR'ED, (ab-jurd')>^. Renounced upon oath 5 solemn- 
ly recanted, 
t AB-JtJRE'MENT, n. Renunciation. J. Hall. 
AB-JuR'ER, n. One who abjures. 
AB-JuR'ING, ppr. Renouncing upon oath ; disclaiming 

with solemnity. 
AB-LAOTATE, v. t. [L. ablacto.] To wean from the 

breast. 
AB-LA€)-Ta'TION, n. 1. In medical authors, the weaning 

of a child from the breast. 2. Among ancient gardeners, 

a method of grafting, now called grafting by approach, or 

inarching. 
AB-LACl-UE-A'TION, n. [L. ablaqueatio.] A laying bare 

the roots of trees to expose them to the air and water. 
AB-La'TION, n. [L. ab and latic] A carrying away.— In 

medicine, the taking from the body whatever is hurtful ; 

evacuations in general. 
AB'LA-TiVE, a. [L. ablativus.] A word applied to the 

sixth case of nouns in the Latin language. 
ABLE, a. [L. habilis ; Norm, ablei.] 1. Having physicr.l 

power sufiicient ; having competent power or strength, 

bodily or mental. 2. Having strong or unusual powers of 

mind, or intellectual qualifications ; as, an able minister. 



a ABO 

3. Having large or competent property 5 or simply naving 
property, or means. 4. Having competent sUength or 
fortitude. 5. Having sufiicient knowledge or skill. 6 
Having competent moral power or qualifications. 

t A'BLE, V. t. To enable. B. Jonson. 

A'BLE-BOD-IED, a. Having a sound, strong body, or a 
body of competent strength for service. 

t AB'LE-GATE, v. t. [L. ablego.] To send abroad. 

t AB-LE-GS TION, n. The act of sending abroad. 

AB'LEN, or ABLET, n. A small fresh-water fish, the 
bleak. 

A BLE-NESS, n. Ability of body or mind ; force ; vigor ; 
capability. 

AB'LEP-SY, n. [Gr. a^XeiPia.] Want of sight ; blindness. 

A'BLER, and A'BLEST, corap. and superl. of ablei. 

t AB-LI-GU-Rl"TION, n. [L. abliguritio.] Prodigal ex 
pense on meat and drink 

t AB'LI-GATE, v. t. [L. abligo.] To tie up from. 

AB'LO-CATE, v. t. [L. abloco.] To let out : to lease. 

AB-LO-€a'TION, n. A letting to hire. 

t AB-LuDE', v. i. [L. abludo.] To be unlike : to differ 
Hall. 

AB'LU-ENT, a. [L. abluo.] Washing clean ; cleansing by 
water or liquids. 

AB'LU-ENT, n. In medicine, that which thins, purifies, or 
sweetens the blood. Quincy. 

AB-Lu'TION, n. [L. ailutio.] 1. In a general sense, the 
act of washing ; a cleansing or purification by water. 2. 
Appropriately, the washing of the body as a preparation 
for religious duties.— 3. In chemistry, the purification of 
bodies by the affusion of a proper liquor, as waver to dis- 
solve salts. — 4. In medicine, the washing of the body ex- 
ternally, as by baths ; or internally, by diluting fluids. — 

5. Pope has used ablution for the water used in cleansing. 

6. The cup given to the laity, without conse«ation, in 
popish churches. Johnson. 

a'BLY, adv. In an able manner ; with great ability. 
t AB'NE-GATE, v. t. To deny. 

AB-NE-Ga'TIOx"^, n. [L. abnego.] A denial ; a renuncia- 
tion ; self-denial. 
AB NE-GA-TOR, 7!. One who denies, renounces, or opposes 

any thing. Sandys. 
AB-NO-Da'TION, n. [L. abnodo.] The act of cutting away 

the knots of trees. 
AB-NORM'I-TY, n. Irregularity ; deformity. 
AB-NORM'OUS, a. [L. abnormis.] Irregular ; deformed. 

[Little used.] 
A-BoARD', adv. [a and board.] Within a ship, vessel, or 

boat. — To go aboard, lo enter a ship ; to embark To fall 

aboard, to strike a ship's side. 
A-BoARD', prep. On board ; in ; with. 
t A-BoD'ANCE, n. An omen. 
A-BqDW,pret. of abide. 
A-BoDE', n. 1. Stay : continuance in a place ; residence 

for a longer or shorter time. 2. A place of continuance ; 

a dwelling ; a habitation. 3. To make abode, to dwell or 

A-BoDE', V. t. To foreshow. ShaJc. 

A-BoDE', v. i. To be an omen. Dryden. 

A-BoDE'MENT, n. A secret anticipation of something fu- 
ture. Shak. 

A-B5D'ING, 71. Presentiment ; prognostication. 

AB-O-LeTE' a. [L. abolitu^.] Old ; out of use. 

A-BOL'ISH, v. t. [Fr. abohr.1 1. To make void ; to annul 
to abrogate ; applied chiefly and appropriately to estab- 
lished laws, contracts, rites, customs, and institutions ; 
as, to abolish laws by a repeal. 2. To destroy, or put an 
end to ; as, to abolish idols. I<>a. ii. To abolish death 
2 Tim. 1. This sense is not common. 

A-BOL'ISH-A-BLE, a. That may be annulled, abrogated, 
or destroyed. 

A-BOL'ISHED, pp. Annulled ; repealed 5 abrogated, or de- 
stroyed. 

A-BOL'ISH-ER, w. One who abolishes. 

A-BOL'ISH-ING, ppr Making void ; annulling ; destroy- 
ing. 

A-BOL'ISH-MENT, n. The act of annulling ; abrogation ; 
destruction. Hooker. 

AB-0-LI"TI0N, (ab-o-lish'un) n. The act of abolishing ; or 
the state of being abolished ; an annulling ; abrogation 5 
utter destruction. 

AB-O-Ll 'TION-IST, n. One who is desirous to abolish any 
thing. 

A-BOM'IN-A-BLE, a. Very hateful ; detestable ; lothe- 
some ; unclean. Levit. vii. 

A-BOM'IN-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being 
very odious ; hatefulness. 

A-BOM'IN-A-BLY, adv. l.Very odiously ; detestably ; sin- 
fully. — 2. In vulgar language, extremely, excessively. 

A-BOM'IN-ATE, v. t. [L. abomino.] To hate extremely ; 
to abhor ; to detest. 

A-BOM'IN-A-TED, pp. Hated utterly ; detested ; abhoi.-' 
red. 

A-BOMaN-A-TENG, ppr. Abhorring j hating extremely. 



♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— ByLL, UNITE.— € as K j 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH asinthis. f Obsolete 



AJBR 



ABS 



A-BOM-IN-A'TION, n. 1. Extreme hatred ; detestation. 
Swift. 2. The object of detestation ; a common significa- 
tion in Scripture. 3. Hence, defilement, pollution, in a 
physical sense, or evil doctrines and practices, which are 
moral defilements, idols, and idolatry, are called abomina- 
tions. Whatever is an object of extreme hatred is called 
an abomination. 

A-BOON', prep. Above. Provincial. 

A-BoRD', «. [Fr.] Literalhj, arrival 5 but used for first ap- 
pearance, manner of accosting, or address ; but not an 
English word. 

t A-BoRD', V. t. To accost. 

A-Bo'RE-A, n. A species of duck. 

AB-O-RIG'I-NAL, a. [L. ab and origo.] First ; original ; 
primitive ; aboriginal people are the first inhabitants of a 
country. 

AB-O-RIG'I-NAL, n. An original, or primitive inhabitant. 
The first settlers in a country are called aboriginals. 

AB-0-Rl6'I-NES, n. plu. Aboriginals ; but not an English 

t A-BORSE'MENT, n. Abortion. 

t A-BORT', V. i. [L. aborto.] To miscarry in birth. 

t A-BORT', 71. An abortion. Burton. 

A-BOR'TION, n. [L. abortio.] 1. The act of miscarrying, 
or producing young before the natural time. — 2. In a. fig- 
urative sense, any fruit or produce that does not come to 
maturity, or any thing which fails in its progress. 3. The 
fetus brought forth before it is perfectly formed. 

A-BOR'TIVE, a. 1. Brought forth in an immature state ; 
failing, or coming to naught, before it is complete. 2. 
Failing in its effect; miscarrying; producing nothing; 
as, an abortive scheme. 3, Rendering abortive. 4. Per- 
taining to abortion. — 5. In botany, an abortive flower is 
one which falls without producing fruit. 

A-BOR'TIVE, n. That which is brought forth or born pre- 
maturely. [Little used.'] 

A-BOR'TIVE-LY, adv. Immaturely ; in an untimely man- 
ner. 

A-BOR'TIVE-NESS, n. The state of being abortive ; a fail- 
ing in the progress to perfection or matmlty ; a failure of 
producing the intended effect. 

A-BORT'MENT, n. An untimely birth. Bacon. 

A-BOUND', V. i. [L. abundo.] 1. To have or possess in great 
quantity ; to be copiously supplied ; followed by with or in. 
2. To be in great plenty ; to be very prevalent. 

A-BOUND'ING, JW- Having in great plenty; being in 
great plenty ; being very prevalent. 

A-BOUND'ING, n. Increase. South. 

A-BOUT', prej). [Sax. abutan.] 1. Aroimd ; on the exterior 
part or surface. 2. Near to in place, with the sense of 
circularity. 3. Near to in time. 4. Near to in action, or 
near to the performance of some act. 5. Near to the per- 
son ; appended to the clothes. 6. Concerned in, engaged 
in, relating to, respecting. 7. In compass or circumfe- 
rence ; as, two yards about the trunk. 

A-BOUT', adv. 1. Near to in number or quantity. 2. Near 
to in quality or degree ; as, about as high, or as cold. 3. 
Here and there ; around ; in one place and another. 4. 
Round, or the longest way, opposed to across, or the 
shortest way ; as, a mile about, and half a mile across. 

A-BoVB', prep. [Sax. abufan.] 1. izieraZZ?/, higher in place. 

2. Figuratively, superior in any respect. 3. More in 
number or quantity. 4. More in degree ; in a greater de- 
gree. 5. Beyond ; in excess. 6. Beyond ; in a state to 
be unattainable ; as, things above comprehension. 7. Too 
proud for. 8. Too elevated in mind or rank ; having too 
much dignity for. 9. It is often used, elliptically, for 
heaven, or the celestial regions. 10. In a book or writ- 
ing, it denotes before, or in a former place ; as, what has 
been said above ; supra. 

A-B6VE', adv. 1. Overhead ; in a higher place. 2. Before. 

3. Chief in rank or power. — Above all is elliptical ; above 
all considerations ; chiefly ; in preference to other things. 
— Above board, above the board or table ; in open sight ; 
without trick, concealment, or deception. 

A-B6VE'-CI-TED. Cited before, in the preceding part of 
a book or writing. 

A-B6VE' -GROUND. Alive, not buried. 

A-B6VE'-MEN-TI0NED. Mentioned before. 

ABP. Abbreviation for Archbishop. 

AB'RA-CA-DAB'RA. The name of a deity worshiped by 
the Syrians ; a cabalistic word. 

AB-RaDE', v. t. [L. abrado.] To rub or wear off; to waste 
by friction ; used especially to express the action of sharp, 
corrosive medicines. 

AB-RID'ED, pp. Rubbed or worn off; worn ; scraped. 

AB-RaD'ING, ppr. Rubbing off; wearing. 

AB-RA-HAM'IC, a. Pertaining to Abraham. 

t A-BRaID', v. t. To arouse ; to awake. 

AB-Ra'S10N, (ab-ra'-zhun) n. The act of wearing or rub- 
bing off; also substance worn off bv attrition. 

A-BREAST', (a-bresf) adv. [from a'and breast.] Side by 
side, with the breasts in a line. 

A-BRIDGE, (a-bridj') v. t [Fr. abreger.] 1. To make 



shorter ; to epitomize ; to contract by using fewer words, 
yet retaining the sense in substance ; v^ed of writings. 

2. To lessen ; to diminish ; as, to abridge labor. 3. To 
deprive; to cut off from ; followed by of; as, to abridge 
one of his rights. — 4. In algebra, to reduce a compound 
quantity or equation to its more simple expression. 

A-BRID6'ED, (a-bridjd') pp. Made shorter; epitomized; 

reduced to a smaller compass ; lessened ; deprived. 
A-BRIDG'ER, n. One who abridges; one who makes a 

compend. 
A-BRID6'ING, ppr. Shortening; lessening; depriving; 

debarring. 
A-BRIDG'MENT, n. I. An epitome ; a compend, or sum 

mary of a book. 2. Diminution ; contraction ; reduction. 

3. Deprivation ; a debarring or restraint. 
A-BRoACH', adv. Broached ; letting out or yielding liquor, 

or in a posture for letting out ; as, a cask is abroach. Fig 
uratively used by Shakspeare for setting loose, or in a 
state of being diffused. 

t A-BRoACH', v. t. To tap ; to set abroach. 

A-BROAD', (a-brawd') adv. 1. At large ; widely ; not con 
fined to narrow limits. 2. In the open air. 3. Beyond 
or out of the walls of a house. 4. Beyond the bounds of 
a country ; in foreign countries. 5. Extensively ; before 
the public at large. 

AB'RO-GA-BLE, a. That may be abrogated. 

AB'RO-GATE, v. t. [L. abrogo.] To repeal ; to annul by 
an authoritative act ; to abolish by the authority of the 
maker or his successor; applied to the repeal of laws, 
decrees, ordinances, the abolition of established customs, 
&c. 

t AB'RO-GATE, a. Annulled. 

AB'RO-GA-TED, pp. Repealed ; annulled by an act of au 
thority. 

AB'RO-GA-TING, ppr. Repealing by authority ; making 
void. 

AB-RO- Ga'TION, n. The act of abrogating ; a repeal by 
authority of the legislative power. 

t A-BROOD', adv. In the action of brooding. 

t A-BROOD'ING, n. A sitting abrood. Basset. 

f A-BROOK', V. t. To brook, to endure. See Brook. 
Shak. 

AB-Ro'TA-NUM, n. [Gr. AjSporovov.] A species of plant, 
called also southern-wood. 

AB-RUPT', a. [L. abruptus.] 1. Literally, broken off, or 
broken short. 2. Steep, craggy ; applied to rocJcs, preci- 
pices and the like. 3. Figuratively, sudden ; without no- 
tice to prepare the mind for the event. 4. Unconnected • 
having sudden transitions from one subject to another. 

AB-RUPT', n. A chasm or gulf with steep sides. " Over 
the vast abrupt.^'' Milton. 

t AB-RUPT', V. t. To disturb. Brown. 

AB-RUP'TION, n. A sudden breaking off; a violent sep- 
aration of bodies. 

AB-RUPT'LY, adv. Suddenly ; without giving notice, or 
without the usual forms. 

AB-RUPT'NESS, n. 1. A state of being broken ; cragged- 
ness; steepness. 2. FigiLratively , suddenness; uncere- 
monious haste or vehemence. 

AB'SCESS, n. [L. abscessus.] An imposthume. Matter 
generated by the suppuration of an inflammatory tumor. 

AB-SCIND', V. t. [L. abscindo.] To cut off. 

AB'SCISS, 71. [L. abscissxLs.] In conies, a part of the diame- 
ter, or transverse axis of a conic section, intercepted be- 
tween the vertex, or some other fixed point, and a semi- 
ordinate. 

AB-SCIS"SION, (ab-sizh'un) n A cutting off, or a being 
cut off. — In surgery, the separation of any corrupted or 
useless part of the bodv, by a sharp instrument. 

AB-S€OND', V. i. [L. abscondo.] 1. To retire from public 
view, or from the place in which one resides or is ordina- 
rily to be found ; to withdraw, or absent one's self in a 
private manner ; to be concealed ; appropriately used of 
persons who secrete themselves to avoid a legal process. 
2. To hide, withdraw, or be concealed. 

t AB-SCOND', V. t. To conceal. Hew^jt. 

AB-S€OND'ENCE, 71, Concealment. 

AB-S€OND'ER, 71. One who withdraws from public notice, 
or conceals himself. 

AB-S€OND'ING, ppr. Withdrawing privately from public 
view. 

AB'SENCE, 71. [L. absens.] 1. A state of being at a dis- 
tance in place, or not in company. 2. Want ; destitu- 
tion ; implying no previous presence. — 3. In law, non-ap- 
pearance ; a not being in court to answer. 4. Heedless- 
ness ; inattention to things present. 

AB'SENT, a. Not present ; not in company ; at such a dis- 
tance as to prevent communication. 2. Heedless ; inat- 
tentive to persons present, or to subjects of conversation 
in company. — 3, In familiar language, not at home ; as. 
the master of the house is absent. 

AB-SENT', V. t. To depart to such a distance as to prevent 
intercourse ; to retire or withdraw ; to forbear to appear 
in presence ; used with the reciprocal pronoun. 



See Synopsia. i, E, I, 6, C, f, long.— FAB., F^LL, WH^T j— PREY ;— HN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete 



ABS '^ 

t AB SENT, v.. One who is not present. 

AB-SEN-TEE', n. One who withdraws from his country, 
office, or estate ; one who removes to a distant place, or 
to another country. 

AB-SENT'ER, n. One who absents himself. 

AB-SENT MENT, n. A state of being absent. Barrow. 

AB-SINTH'1-AJV, a. Of the nature of wormwood. 

AB-SINTH I-A-TED, a. Impregnated with wormwood. 
Diet. 

AB-SINTH'I-UM, n. [Gr. axpivQiov.'] The common worm- 
wood ; a bitter plant, used as a tonic A species of Arte- 
misia. 

AB'SIS. In astronomy. See Apsis. 

t AB-SIST', V. i. To stand off; to leave off. 

ABSO-LUTE, a. [L. absolutus.] 1. Literally, in a general 
sense, fr«e, independent of any thing extraneous. Hence, 

2. Complete in itself ; positive ; as, an absolute declara- 
tion. 3. Unconditional •, as, an absolute promise. 4. Ex- 
isting independent of any other cause ; as, God is abso- 
lute. 5. Unlimited by extraneous power or control ; as, 
an absolute government or prince. 6. Not relative ; as, 
absolute space. 

AB'SO-LUTE-LY, adv. 1. Completely, wholly. 2. With- 
out dependence or relation ; in a state unconnected. 3. 
Without restriction or limitation. 4. Without condition. 
5. Positively, peremptorily. 

AB'SO-LUTE-NESS, 71. 1. Independence ; completeness in 
itself. 2. Despotic authority, or that which is subject to 
no extraneous restriction, or control. 

AB-SO-LU'TION, n. In the civil law, an acquittal or sen- 
tence of a judge declaring an accused person innocent. — 
In the canon law, a remission of sins pronounced by a 
priest in favor of a penitent. — imong Protestants, a sen- 
tence by which an excommunicated person is released 
from his liability to punishment. 

* AB'SO-LU-TO-RY, a. Absolving ; that absolves. 

AB-SOLV'A-TO-RY, a. Containing absolution, pardon, or 
release •, having power to absolve. 

AB-SOLVE', (ab-zolv') v. t. [L. absolvo.'\ To set free or re- 
lease from some obligation ; as, to absolve a person from 
a promise ; to absolve an offender. Hence, in the civil 
law, the word was used for acquit ; and in the canon law. 
Cor forgive, or a sentence of remission. In ordinary lan- 
guage" its sense is, to set free or release from an engage- 
ment. Formerly, good writers used the word in the 
sense of finish, accomplish ; as, to absolve work, in Mil- 
ton •, but, in tliis sense, it seems to be obsolete. 

AB-SOLV'ED, (ab-zolvd') pp. Released 5 acquitted 5 remit- 
ted ; declared innocent. 

AB-SOLV'ER, n. One who absolves ; also one that pro- 
nounces sin to be remitted. 

AB-SOLV'ING, ppr. Setting free from a debt, or charge ; 
acquitting ; remitting. 

AB'SO-NANT, a. Wide from the purpose ; contrary to rea- 
son. 

AB'SO-NOUS, a. [L. absonus.l Unmusical, or untunable. 

AB-SORB', v. t. [L. absorbeo.J 1. To drink in ; to suck up ; 
to imbibe, as a spunge. 2. To drink in, swallow up, or 
overwhelm with water, as a body in a whirlpool. 3. To 
waste wholly or sink in expenses ) to exhaust ; as, to ab- 
sorb an estate in luxury. 4. To engross or engage whol- 
ly ; as, absorbed in study or the pursuit of wealth. 

AB-SORB- A-BIL'I-TY, n. The state or quality of being ab- 
sorbable. 

AB-SORB' A-BLE, a. That may be imbibed or swallowed. 

AB-SORB'ED, or AB-SORPT', pp. Imbibed ; swallowed ; 
wasted ; engaged ; lost in study ; wholly engrossed. 

AB-SORB'ENT, a. Imbibing ; swallowing. 

AB-SORB'ENT, n. In anatomy, a vessel which imbibes ; as 
the lacteals, lymphatics, and inhaling arteries. — In medi- 
cine, a testaceous powder, or other substance, which im- 
bibes the humors of the body. 

AB-SORB'ING, ppr. Imbibing ; engrossing ; wasting. 

AB-SORP'TION, n. 1. The act or process of imbibing or 
swallowing ; either by water which overwhelms, or by 
substances which drink in and retain liquids; as, the ab- 
sorption of a body in a whirlpool. — Q. In chemistry, the 
conversion of a gaseous fluid into a liquid or solid, by 
union with another substance. 

AB-SORP'TIVE, a. Having power to imbibe. 

AB-STaIN', v. i. [L. abstineo.'] In a general sense, to for- 
bear, or refrain from, voluntarily ; but used chiefly to de- 
note a restraint upon the passions or appetites ; to refrain 
from indulgence. 

AB-STe! MI-OUS, a. [L. abstemius.] 1. Sparing in diet; 
refraining from a free use of food and strong drinks. 2. 
Sparing in the enjoyment of animal pleasures of any kind. 

3. Sparingly used, or used with temperance ; belonging 
to abstinence ; as, an abstemious diet ; an abstemious 
life. 

AB-STe'MI-OUS-LY, adv. Temperately ; with a sparing 

use of meat or drink. 
AB-STe'MI-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being temperate 

or sparing in the use of food and strong drinks. 



ABS 



7. t. [L. abstergeo.] To wipe, or 
to cleanse by resolving obstruo 



AB-STER6E', (ab-sterj') v. 
make clean by wiping ; 
tions in the body. 

AB-STERGENT, a. Wiping ; cleansing. 

AB-STERG ENT, n. A medicine which frees the body from 
obstructions, as soap ; but the use of the word is nearly 
superseded by detergent, which see. 

AB-ST£R'SI0N, 71. [L. abstergeo, abstersus.} The act ot 
wiping clean ; or a cleansing by medicines which resolve 
obstructions. 

AB-STER'SIVE, a. Cleansing ; having the quality of re- 
moving obstructions. 

AB'STI-NENCE, n. [L. abstinentia.} 1 In general, the 
act or practice of voluntarily refraining from, or forbear- 
ing any action. 2. The refraining from an indulgence of 
appetite, or from customary gratifications of animal pro- 
pensities. It denotes a total forbearance, as in fasting, or 
a forbearance of the usual quantity. 

ABSTI-NENT, fl. Refraining from indulgence, especially 
in the use of food and drink. 

AB'STT-NENT-LY, adv. With abstinence. 

AB'STI-NENTS. A sect which appeared in France and 
Spain in the third century. 

t AB-STORT'ED, part. a. [L. abstortxLs.'] Forced away. 

AB-STRACT', v. t. [L. abstraho.] 1. To draw from, or to 
separate. 2. To separate ideas by the operation of the 
mind ; to consider one part of a complex object, or to 
have a partial idea of it in the mind. 3. To select or sep- 
arate the substance of a book or writing ; to epitomize or 
reduce to a summary. — 4. In chemistry, to separate, as 
the more volatile parts of a substance by repeated distilla 
tion, or at least by distillation. 

AB'STRACT, a. [L. abstractus.] 1. Separate •, distinct 
from something else. An abstract idea, in metaphysics^ 
is an idea separated from a complex object, or from otlier 
ideas which naturally accompany it, as the solidity of 
marble contemplated apart from its color or figure. .Ab- 
stract terms are those which express abstract ideas, as 
beauty, whiteness, roundness, without regarding any sub- 
ject in which they exist ; or abstract terms are the names 
of orders, genera, or species of things, in which there is a 
combination of similar qualities. 2. Separate, existing in 
the mind only ; as, an abstract subject ; an abstract ques 
tion ; and hence difiicult, abstruse. 

AB'STRACT, n. 1. A summary, or epitome, containing 
the substance, a general view, or the principal heads ol 
a treatise or writing. 2. Formerly, an extract, or a small- 
er quantity, containing the essence of a larger. — In tha 
abstract, in a state of separation, as a subject considered 
in the abstract, i. e. without reference to particular per- 
sons or things. 

AB-STRA€T'ED, pp. Separated; refined; exalted; ab- 
struse ; absent in mind. 

AB-STRA€T'ED-LY, adv. In a separate state, or in con- 
templation only. 

AB-STRA€T'ED-NESS, n. The state of being abstracted. 
Baxter. 

AB-STRA€T'ER, n. One who makes an abstract, or sum- 
mary. 

AB-STRA€T'ING, ppr. Separating ; making a summary. 

AB-STRA€'TION, n. I. The act of separating, or state of 
being separated. 2. The operation of the mind when oc- 
cupied by abstract ideas ; as when we contemplate some 
particular part or property of a complex object, as separate 
from the rest. 3. A separation from worldly objects ; a 
recluse life ; as, a hermit's abstraction. 4. Absence of 
mind ; inattention to present objects. 5. In the process 
of distillation, the term is used to denote the separation 
of the volatile parts, which rise, come over, and are con- 
densed in a receiver, from those which are fixed. 

AB-STRA€T'IVE, a. Having the power or quality of ab- 
stracting. 

AB-STRA€T'IVE, or AB-STRAe-TI"TIOUS, a. Abstract- 
ed, or drawn from other substances, particularly from 
vegetables, without fennentation. 

AB'STRA€T-LY, adv. Separately ; absolutely ; in a state 
or manner unconnected with any thing else. 

AB'STRA€T-NESS, 7!. A separate state ; a state of bein^ 
in contemplation only, or not connected with any object 

t AB-STRI€T'ED, part. a. [L. abstrictus.] Unbound. 

t AB-STRIN6E', v. t. To unbind. 

t AB-STRuDE', v. t. To thrust or pull away. 

AB-STRtJSE', a. [L. abstrusus.] Hid ; concealed ; hence, 
remote from apprehension ; difiicult to be comprehended 
or understood ; opposed to what is obvious. 

AB-STRuSE'LY, adv. In a concealed manner; obscurely, 
in a manner not to be easily understood. 

AB-STRuSE'NESS, n. Obscurity of meaning ; the state 01 
quality oj being difiicult to be understood. 

t AB-STRu'SI-TY, n. Abstruseness. Brown. 

t AB-SuME', v. t. [L. absumo.] To bring to an end by grad- 

t AB-SUMPTION, 71. Destruction. 

AB-SURD , a. [L. absurdus.] Opposed to manifest truth , 



• See Synopsis MOVE, BOQK, DOVE ; BIJLL, UNI TE — € as K •. 6 as J •, S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obaoletg 



ACA 



ACC 



inconsistent with reason, or the plain dictates of com- 
mon sense. An absurd man acts contrary to the clear 
dictates of reason or sound judgment. An a&swrd prop- 
osition contradicts obvious truth. An absurd practice, or 
opinion is repugnant to the reason or common apprehen- 
sion of men. It is absurd to say, six and six make ten. 

AB-SURD'I-TY, n. 1. The quality of being inconsistent 
with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment. Want 
of judgment, applied to men ; want of propriety, applied 
to things. Johnson. 2. That which is absurd : in this 
sense it has a plural ; the absxirdities of men. 

AB-SUHD'LY, adv. In a manner inconsistent with reason, 
or obvious propriety. 

AB-SURD'NESS, n. The same as absurdity, and less used. 

A-BUND'ANCE, n. [Fr. abondance.] Great plenty ; an over- 
flowing quantity ; ample sufficiency ; in strictness, appli- 
cable to quantity only ; but customarily used of number ; 
as, an abundance of peasants. It denotes also fullness, 
overflowing ; as, the abundance of the heart. Mat. xii. 

A-BUND'ANT, a. Plentiful ; in great quantity ; fully suf- 
ficient ; as, an abundant supply. — In Scripture, abound- 
ing ; having in great quantity ; overflowing with. 

A-BUND'ANT-LY, ado. Fully ; amply ; plentifully ; in a 
sufficient degree. 

tABu'SAGE, 7i. Abuse. 

A-BuSE', V. t. [Fr. abuser.] I, To use ill ; to maltreat ; 
to misuse ; to use with bad motives or to wrong pur- 
poses ; as, to aMise privileges. 2. To violate ; to defile 
by improper sexual intercourse. 3. To deceive ; to im- 
pose on. 4. To treat rudely, or with reproachful lan- 
guage ; to revile. 5. To pervert the meaning of ; to mis- 
apply ; as, to abuse words. 

A-BuSE', n. 1. Ill use ; improper treatment or employment ; 
application to a wrong purpose ; as, an abuse of our natu- 
ral powers. 2. A corrupt practice or custom ; as, the 
abuses of government. 3. Rude speech ; reproachfuUan- 
guage addressed to a person ; contumely ; reviling words. 
4. Seduction. 5. Perversion of meaning ; improper use 
or application ; as, an abuse of words. 

A-BuS'ED, (a-biizd') pp. Ill-used ; used to a bad purpose ; 
treated with rude language ; misemployed ; perverted 
to bad or wrong ends ; deceived ; defiled ; violated. 

t A-BuSE'FUL, a. Using or practicing abuse ; abusive. 

A-BUS'ER, n. One who abuses ; one that deceives ; a rav- 
isher. 

A-BuS'ING, ppr. Using ill ; employing to bad purposes ; 
deceiving ; violating the person ; perverting. 

A-Bu'SION, (a-bii'-zhun) n. Abuse ; evil or corrupt usage ; 
reproach. [Little used.] 

A-Bu'SiVE, a. 1. Practicing abuse ; offering harsh words, 
or ill treatment. 2. Containing abuse, or that is the in- 
strument of abuse ; as, abusive words ; rude ; reproach- 
ful. 

A-Bu'SIVE-LY, adv. In an abusive manner ; rudely ; 
reproachfully. 

A-BtJ'SIVE-NESS, n. Ill-usage ; the quality of being abu- 
sive : rudeness of language, or violence to the person. 

A-BUT', V. i. [Fi aboutir.] To border upon ; to be con- 
tiguous to ; to meet ; in strictness, to adjoin to at the 
end. 

A-BUT'MENT, n. 1. The head or end ; that which unites 
one end of a thing to another. 2. That which abuts or 
borders on another. 

A-BUT'TAL, n. The butting or bouadary of land at the 
endj a head-land. Spelman. 

t A-BY', v. t. or i. [probably contracted from abide.] To en- 
dure ; to pay dearly ; to remain. Spenser. 

A-BYSM', (a-byzm') n. [Old Fr. •, now abime,] A gulf. 
ShaJi. 

t A-B\ S'MAL, a. Bottomless. Coles. 

A-BYSS', 71. [Gr. a(iv(T(Tog.] 1. A bottomless gulf; used also 
for a deep mass of waters, supposed by some to have en- 
compassed the earth before the flood. The word is also 
used for an immense cavern in the earth, in which God is 
supposed to have collected all the waters on the third 
day of the creation. It is used also for hell, Erebus. 2. 
That which is immeasurable 5 that in which any thing 
is lost. 

AB-YS-SIN'I-AN, a. Belonging to Abyssinia. 

AB-YS-SIN'I-ANS, n. A sect of Christians in Abyssijiia, 
who admit but one nature in Jesus Christ, and reject the 
council of Chalcedon. Encyc. 

A€, in Saxon, oak ; the initial syllable of names •, as, Acton, 
Oaktown 

A-€A€'A-LOT, or A€'A-LOT, n. A Mexican fowl, the 
Tantalus Mcxicanus, or water raven. See Acalot. 

A-€a'CIA, n. [L.] Egyptian thorn. — In medicine, it is a 
name given to the inspissated juice of the unripe fruit of 
the mimosa JVilotica, which is brought from Egypt in 
roundish masses, in bladders. 

A-€a'CIANS, in church history, were certain sects, so de- 
nominated from Acacius. Encyc. 

\ A€-A-DeME', n. An academy ; a society of persons. 

A€>-A-De'MI-AL, a. Pertaining to an academy. 



AC-A-De'MI-AN, n. A member of an academy ; a student 
in a university or college. 

A€-A-DEM'I€, or A€-A-DEM'I-€AL, a. Belonging to an 
academy, or to a college or university ; as, academic 
studies •, also noting wiiat belongs to the school or philos- 
ophy of Plato ; as, the academic sect. 

A€-A-DE]M'I€, n. One who belonged to the school, or ad- 

fl^hered to the philosophy, of Socrates and Plato; a student, 

A€-A-DEM'I-€AL-LY, adv. In an academical manner. 

A€-A-DE-Ml"CIAN, n. [Fr. academicien.] A member of an 
academy, or society for promoting arts and sciences ; par 
ticularly, a member of the French academies. 

A-€AD'E-MISM, n. The doctrine of the academic philoso- 
phy. Baxter. 

A-€AD*E-MIST, n. A member of an academy for promoting 
arts and sciences ; also an academic philosopher. 

A-€AD'E-MY, n. [L. academia.] Originally, it is said, a 
garden, grove, or villa, near Athens, where Plato and his 
followers held their philosophical conferences. 1. A 
school, or seminary of learning, holding a rank between 
a university or college and a common school ; also a 
school for teaching a particular art, or particular sciervr^s ; 
as, a military academy. 2. A house, in which the stu- 
dents or members of an academy meet ; a place of edu- 
cation. 3. A society of men united for the promotion of 
arts and sciences in general, or of some particular art. 

A€'A-LOT, n. [contracted from acacalotl.] A Mexican 
fowl, called by some the aquatic crow. 

A€-A-MAe'U, n. A bird ; the Brazilian fly-catcher, or to- 
dus. 

A€-A-NA'CEOUS, a. [Gr. aKavos.] Armed with prickles. 
Milne. 

A-CANTH'A, n. [Gr ahavQa.] In botany, a prickle. — In 
zoology, a spine or prickly fin ; an acute process of the 
vertebers. 

A€-AN-THa'CEOUS, a. Armed with prickles, as a plant 

A-CAN'THA-RIS, n. In entomology, a species of cimex. 

A-€ANTH'INE, a. [See Acanthus.] Pertaining to the 
plant acanthus. 

A€-AN-THOP-TE-RYG'I-OUS, a. [Gr. aKavBos.] In zoolo- 
gy, having back fins which are hard, bony, and prickly ; 
a term applied to certain fishes . 

A-€ANTH'US, n. [Gr. aKavdoi.] 1. The plant bear's 
breech, or brank ursine. — ^2. In architecture, an ornament 
resembling the foliage or leaves of the acanthus. 

A-€AN'TI-CONE, 7?. See Pistacite. 

A-€ARN'AR, n. A bright star. Bailey. 

A-€AT-A-LE€'TI€, n. [Gr. aKaraXriKTog.] A verse, which 
has the complete number of syllables. Johnson. 

A-€AT'A-LEP-SY, n. [Gr. a/caraX77^ta..] Impossibility of 
complete discovery or comprehension ; incomprehensibil- 
ity. Whitaker. 

A-€AT'E-CHI-LI, n. A Mexican bird. 

A CAT'ERjACATES. See Caterer and Gates. 

A-€AU'LINE, ) a. [L. a. priv. and caulis.] In botany, 

A-€AU'LOUS, \ without a stem ; having flowers resting 
on the ground. 

A€-CeDE', v. i. [L. accede] I. To agree or assent, as to 
a proposition, or to terms proposed by another. 2. To be- 
come a party, by agreeing to the terms of a treaty. 

A€-CeD'ING, pj)?-. Agreeing; assenting. 

AC-CEL'ER-ATE, 7;. i. [lu. accelero.] 1 . To cause to move 
faster ; to hasten ; to quicken motion ; to add to the ve- 
locity of a moving body. 2. To add to natural or ordinary 
progression ; as, to accelerate the growth of a plant. 3. 
To bring nearer in time ; to shorten the time between 
the present time and a future event. 

A€-CEL'ER-A-TED, pp. auickened in motion ; hastened 
in progress. 

A€-CEL'ER-A-TING, ppr. Hastening; increa?'^.g vel» 
city or progression. 

A€-CEL-ER-A'TION, n. The act of increasing velocity or 
progress ; the state of being quickened in motion or ac- 
tion. 

AC-CEL'ER-A-TIVE, a. Adding to velocity ; quickening 
progression. Reid. 

AC-CEL'ER-A-TO-RY, a. Acceleratmg ; quickening mo 
tion. 

tA€-CEND', V. t. [L. accendo.] To kindle ; to set on fire. 

A€-CEND-I-BIL'I-TY, n. Capacity of being kindled, or of 
becoming inflamed. 

AC-CEND I-BLE, a. Capable of being inflamed or kindled. 
Ure. 

A€-CEN'SION, 71. The act of kindling or setting on fire ; 
or the state of being kindled ; inflammation. Chemis- 
try. 

ACCENT, 72. [L. accentus ) 1 The modulation of the 
voice in reading or speaking. 2. A particular stress or 
force of voice upon certain syllables of words, which 
distinguishes them from the others. Accent is of two 
kinds, primary and secondary, as in as'pira'tion. 3. A 
mark or character used in writing to direct the stress of 
the voice in pronunciation. 4. A modulation of the voice 



Sec Synopsis, a, E, I, o, tJ, ^, long.— FAR, FALL, WH-^T ;— PREY ;— PtN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



ACC 



ACC 



expressive of passions or sentiments. Prior. 5. Manner 
of speaking. Obs. Shak. — 6. Poetically, words, language, 
or expressions in general. Dryden. — 7. In music, a swell- 
ing of sounds, for the purpose of variety or expression. 
8. A peculiar tone or inflection of voice. 

AC -CENT', v.t. To express accent ; to utter a syllable with 
a particular stress or modulation of the voice. — In poetry, 
to utter or pronounce in general. Also, to note accents 
by marics in writing. 

A€-CENT'ED, pp. Uttered with accent ; marked with ac- 
cent. 

A€-CENT'iNG, ppr. Pronouncing or marking with ac- 
cent. 

A€-CENT'U-AL, a. Pertaining to accent. 

AG'CENT'U-ATE, v. t. To mark or pronounce with an 
accent, or with accents. 

A€-CENT-U-A'TION, n. The act of placing accents in 
writing, or of pronouncing them in speaking. 

A€-CEPT', V. t. [L. accepto.] I. To take or receive what 
is offered with a consenting mind ; to receive with ap- 
probation or favor. 2. To regard with partiality ; to value 
or esteem. 3. To consent or agree to ; to receive as 
terms of a contract 5 as, to accept a treaty ; often follow- 
ed by of. 4. To understand ; to have a particular idea 
of; to receive in a particular sense. — 5. In commerce, 
to agree or promise to pay, as a bill of exchange. See 

ACCBPTANCE. 

* A€-CEPT'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be received with pleas- 
ure ; hence, pleasing to a receiver ; gratifying. 2. Agree- 
able or pleasing in person. 

*A€-CEPT'A-BLE-NESS, or A€-CEPT-A-BIL'I-TY, n. 
The quality of being agreeable to a receiver. 

*Ae-CEPT'A-BLY, adv. In a manner to please, or give 
satisfaction. 

A€-CEPT'ANCE, n. 1. A receiving with approbation or 
satisfaction ; favorable reception. 2. The receiving of a 
bill of exchange, or order, in such a manner as to bind the 
acceptor to make payment. 3. An agreeing to terms or 
proposals in commerce, by which a bargain is concluded, 
and the parties bound. 4. An agreeing to the act or con- 
tract of another, by some act which binds the person in 
law. — 5. In mercantile language, a bill of exchange ac- 
cepted ; as, a merchant receives another's acceptance in 
payment. 6. Formerly, the sense in which a word is 
understood. Obs. 

A€-CEP-Ta'TION, n. 1. Kind reception ; a receiving with 
favor or approbation. 2. A state of being acceptable ; 
favorable regard. 3. The meaning or sense in which a 
word or expression is understood, or generally received. 
4. Reception in general. Obs. 

A€-CEPT'ED, pp. Kindly received ; regarded ; agreed to ; 
understood ; received as a bill of exchange. 

A€-CEPT'ER, or A€-CEPT'OR, n. A person who accepts. 

t A€-CEP-TI-La'TION, n. The remission of a debt by an ac- 
quittance from the creditor. Cotgrave. 

A€-CEPT'rNG, ppr. Receiving favorably ; agreeing to ; 
understanding. 

t A€-CEP'TION, n. The received sense of a word. 

f A€-CEPT'IVE, a. Ready to accept. B. Jonson. 

A€-CESS', n. [L. accessus.^ 1. A coming to ; near ap- 
proach ; admittance ; admission ; as, to gain access to a 
prince. 2. Approach, or the way by which a thing may 
be approached ; as, the access is by a neck of land. 3. 
Means of approach ; liberty to approach ; implying pre- 
vious obstacles. 4. Admission to sexual intercourse. 5. 
Addition ; increase by something added •, as, an access of 
territory. 6. The return of a fit or paroxysm of disease. 

A€'CES-SA-RI-LY. See Accessorily. 

A€'CES-SA-RT-NESS. See Accessoriness 

A€'CES-SA-RY. See Accessory. 

A€-CES-SI-BTL't-TY, n. The quality of being approacha- 
ble, or of admitting access. 

A€-CESS I-BLE, a. 1. That may be approached or reached. 
2. Easy of approach ; affable. 

A€-CESS'ION, n. [L. accessio.] 1. A coming to ; an acced- 
ing to and joining. 2 Increase by something added ; 
that which is added ; augmentation. — 3. In law, a mode 
of acquiring property. 4. The act of arriving at a throne, 
an office, or dignity, f That which is added. 6. The 
invasion of a fit of a r ^riodical disease, or fever. 

AG-CESS'ION-AL, a. Additional. 

A€-CES-S5'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to an accessory ; as, ac- 
cessorial agency, accessorial guilt. Burros Trial. 

A€'CES-SO-Rr-LY, adv. In the manner of an accessory ; by 
subordinate means. 

A€'CES-SO-RI-NESS, n. The state of being accessory. 

A€'CES-SO-RY, a. [L. accessorius.] 1. Acceding ; contrib- 
uting ; aiding in producing some effect, or acting in 
subordination to the principal agent. Usually in a bad 
sense. 2. Aiding in certain acts or effects in a seconda- 
ry manner ; as, accessory sounds in music. 

A€'CES-SO-RY, n. 1. In laic, one who is guilty of a felony, 
not by committing the offense in person, or as principal, 
but by advising or commanding another to commit the 



crime, or by cf nceallng the offender. 2. That which ac- 
cedes or belongs to something else, as its principal. 

A€'CI-DENCE, 71. [See Accident.] A small book, contain 
ing the rudiments of grammar. 

A€'CI-DENT, n. [L. accidens.] 1. A coming or falling ; 
an event that takes place without one's foresight or ex- 
pectation ; an event which proceeds from an unknown 
cause, or "is an unusual effect of a known cause, and 
therefore not expected ; chance ; casualty ; contingency. 
2. That which takes place or begins to exist without an 
efficient intelligent cause, and without design. Dwighi. 
— 3. In logic, a property or quality of a being which ia 
not essential to it, as whiteness in paper. — 4. In grammar, 
something belonging to a word but not essential to it, 
as gender.— 5. In heraldry, a point or mark, not essential 
to a coat of arms. 

AC-CI-DENT'AL, a. 3. Happening by chance, or rather un- 
expectedly ; casual ; fortuitous ; taking place not accord- 
ing to the usual course of things ; opposed to that which 
is constant, regular, or intended ; as, an accidental visit. 
2. Non-essential ; not necessarily belonging to ; as, songs 
are accidental to a play. 

A€-CI-DENT'AL-LY, adv. By chance ; casually ; fortui- 
tously ; not essentially. 

A€-CI-DENT AL-NESS, n. The quality of being casual. 
\ Little used.'] 

t A€-CI-DEN'TIA-RY, a. Pertaining to the accidence 

t A€-CIP'I-ENT, n. A receiver. 

A€-CIP'I-TER, n. [L. ad and capio.} 1. A name given to 
a fish, the milvus or lucerna. — 2. In ornithology, the name 
of the order of rapacious fowls. 

A€-CIP'I-TRINE, a. Seizing ; rapacious ; as the accipi- 
trme order of fowls. Ed. Encyc. 

t A€-ClTE', V. t. [L. ad and cito.} To call ; to cite ; to 
summon. 

A€-€LaIM', v. t. [L. acclamo.] To applaud. [Little used.] 
Hall 

A€-€LaIM', n. A shout of joy ; acclamation. 

t A€'eLA-MATE, v. t. To applaud. 

A€-€LA-MA'TI0N, n. [L. acclamatio.] A shout of ap- 
plause, uttered by a multitude. 

A€-€LAM'A-TO-RY, a. Expressing joy or applause by 
shouts, or clapping of hands. 

A€-€Ll'MA-TED, a. [ac for ad, and climate.] Habituated 
to a foreign climate, or a climate not native. Med. Repos 
itory. 

t A€-€LTVE', a. Rising. Aubrey. 

A€-€LIV'ITY, n. [L. acclivus, accli^ois.] A slope, or incli- 
nation of the earth, as the side of a hill, considered as as- 
cending, in opposition to declivity, or a side descending. 
Rising ground ; ascent 5 the talus of a rampart. 

A€-€LI VOUS, a. Rising, as a hill, with a slope. 

t Ae-€LOY , V. t. To fill ; to stuff"; to fill to satiety. 

A€-€OIL'. See Coil. 

A€'€0-LA, n. A delicate fish eaten at Malta. 

A€-CO-LaDH , 71. [L. ad and collum.] A ceremony former- 
ly used in conferring knighthood. 

A€'€0-LENT, n. One who inhabits near a place ; a bor- 
derer. 

A€-COM'MO-DA-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may be fitted, made 
suitable, or made to agree. [Little used.] 

A€-€OM'MO-DATE, v. t. [L. accommodo.] 1. To fit, adapt, 
or make suitable ; as, to accommodate ourselves to circum- 
stances. Paley. 2. To supply with or furnish ; followed 
by with. 3. To supply with conveniences ; as, to accom- 
modate a friend. 4. To reconcile things which are at va- 
riance ; to adjust. 5. To show fitness or agreement ; 
to apply. 6. To lend — a commercial sense. In an intran- 
sitive sense, to agree, to be conformable to, as used by 
Boyle. Obs. 

A€-€OM'MO-DATE, a. Suitable ; fit ; adapted ; as, meana 
accommodate to the end» Ray. 

A€-€OM'MO-DA-TED, pp. Fitted ; adjusted ; applied ; al 
so, furnished with conveniences. 

A€-COM'MO-DATE-LY, adv. Suitably ; fitly. 

A€-€OM'MO-DATE-NESS, n. Fitness. [Little used.] 

A€-€OM'MO-DA-TING,ppr. Adapting; making suitable 
reconciling ; furnishing with conveniences ; applying. 

A€-€OM'MO-DA-TING, a. Adapting one's self to ; oblig- 
ing ; disposed to comply, and to oblige another. 

A€-€OM-MO-Da'TION, n. 1. Fitness; adaptation; fol 
lowed by to. 2. Adjustment of difl^erences ; reconcilia 
tion, as of parties in dispute. 3. Provision of conven 
iences. 4. In the plural ; conveniences ; things furnish- 
ed for use ; chiefly applied to lodgings. — 5. In mercantile 
language, accommodation is used for a loan of money. In 
England, accommodation bill is one given instead of a 
loan of money. Crabbe. 6. It is also used of a note lent 
merely to accommodate the borrower. — 7. In theology, 
accommodation is the application of one thing to another 
by analogy, as of the words of a prophecy to a future 
event. Paley. 

A€-€OM'MO-i)A-TOR, n. One that accommodates ; one 
that adjusts. 



• See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



ACC 

'i A€-€6M'PA-NA-BLE, a. Sociable. 

A€-€6M'FA NTED, pp. Attended 5 joined with in society. 

A€-€OM'PAi\'J ER, n. He who accompanies. 

A€-eoM'PA-JMl-MENT, 71, {Yt. accompagnement.] Some- 
thing that attends as a circumstance, or which is added 
by way of ornament to the principal thing, or for the 
sake of symmetry. 

A€-€6M'PA-NIST, n. The performer in music, who takes 
the accompanying part. Busby. 

A€-€6M'PA-NY, v. t. [Fr. accompagner.] 1. To go with, 
or attend, as a companion. 2. To be with as connected ; 
to attend. 

A€-€6M'PA-NY, ti. i. 1. To attend; to be an associate; 
[oOs.] Bacon. 2. To cohabit. — 3. In music, to perform the 
accompanjdng part in a composition. 

A€-€6M'PA-NY-ING, ppr. Attending; going with as a 
companion. 

Ae-€OM'PLiCE, 71 [Fr. complice.'] An associate in a 
crime ; a partner or partaker in guilt. It was formerly 
used in a good sense for a co-operator, but this sense is 
wholly obsolete. 

Ae-€OM'PLISH, V. t.JYx. accomplir.] 1. To complete ; to 
finish entirely. 2. To execute. 3. To gain ; to obtain 
or effect by successful exertions. 4. To fulfill or bring to 
pass ; as, to accomplish a prophecy. 5. To furnish with 
qualities which serve to render the mind or body complete. 

Ae-€OM'PLISHED, pp. 1. Finished ; completed ; fulfilled ; 
executed ; effected. 2. a. Well endowed with good qual- 
ities and manners ; complete in acquirements ; having a 
finished education. 3 Fashionable. Swift. 

A€-€OM'PLISH-ER, n. One who accomplishes. 

A€-€OM'PLISH-ING, ppr. Finishing ; completing ; fulfill- 
ing ; executing ; effecting ; furnishing with valuable 
qua.'ities. 

AC-eOM'PLISH-MENT, n. 1. Completion ; fulfillment ; 
entire performance ; as of a prophecy. 2. The act of car- 
rying into effect, or obtaining an object designed ; attain- 
ment. 3. Acquirement; that which constitutes excel- 
lence of mind, or elegance of manners, acquired by edu- 
cation. 

t A€-€01VIPT'. See Account. 

t A€-€OMPT'ANT. See Accountant. 

A€-eORD', 71. [Fr. accord.] 1. Agreement; harmony of 
minds ; consent or concurrence of opinions or wills. 2. 
Concert ; harmony of sounds ; the union of different 
sounds, which is agreeable to the ear ; agreement in 
pitch and tone. 3. Agreement ; just correspondence of 
things. 4. Will ; voluntary or spontaneous motion ; used 
of the will of persons, or the natural motion of other bodies, 
and preceded by own. 5. Adjustment of a difference ; 
reconciliation. — 6. In law, an, agreement between parties 
in controversy. 7. Permission, leave. 

ACCORD', V. t. 1. To make to agree, or correspond ; to 
adjust one thing to another. Sidney. 2. To bring to an 
agreement ; to settle, adjust, or compose. Hall. 

AC-CORD', V. i. 1. To agree ; to be in correspondence. 2. 
To agree in pitch and tone. 

AC-CORD'A-BLE, a. Agreeable ; consonant. 

AC-CORD'ANCE, n. Agreement with a person ; conformity 
with a thing. 

AC-CORD'ANT, a. Corresponding ; consonant ; agreeable. 

AC-CORD'ANT-LY, adv. In an accordant manner. 

AC-CORD'ED, pp. Made to agree ; adjusted. 

AC-CORD'ER, n. One that aids, or favors. 

AC-CORD'ING, ppr. (commonly, though not correctly, 
classed among prepositions.) 1. Agreeing; harmonizing. 
2. Suitable ; agreeable ; in accordance with. In these 
senses, the word agrees with or refers to a sentence. — 
Our zeal should be according to knowledge : — According, 
here, has its true participial sense, agreeing, and is al- 
ways followed by to. It is never a preposition. 

AC-CORD'ING-LY, adv. Agreeably ; suitably ; in a man- 
ner conformable to. 

f AC-CORP'O-RATE, v. t. To unite. Milton. 

AG-COST', V. t. [Fr. accoster.] .1- To approach ; to draw 
near ; to ccme side by side, or face to face ; [not in use.] 
2. To speak first to ; to address. Milton. 

tAC-COST', 7J. i. To adjoin. Spenser. 

AC-COST' A-BLE, a. Easy of access ; familiar. 

AC-COST'ED,pp. Addressed; first spoken to.— In herald- 
ry, being side by side. 

AC-COST'ING, ppr. Addressing by first speaking to. 

A.C-COU-CHEUR', (ak-koo-shure', or ak-koo-shaur') n. 
[Fr.] A man who assists women in childbirth. 

AC COUNT', 71. [Fr. conte. Formerly, writers used ac- 
compt, from the Fr. compte.] 1. A sum stated on paper ; 
a registry of a debt or credit, of debts and credits, or 
charge} ; an entry in a book or on paper of things bought 
or sold, of payments, services, &c., including the names 
of the parties to the transaction, date, and price or value 
of th( thing. 2. A computation of debts and credits, or a 
general statement of particular sums. 3. A computation 
or -node of reckoning ; applied to other things than mon- 
ey or trade ; as, the Julian account of time. 4. Narra«^ive ; 



ACC 

relation ; statement of facts ; recital of particular transac- 
tions and events, verbal or written ; as, an account of the 
revolution in France. Hence, 5. An assignment of rea- 
sons ; explanation by a recital of particular transactions. 
6. Reason or consideration, as a motive ; as, on all ac- 
counts. 7. Value; importance; estimation. 8. Profit; 
advantage ; that is, a result or production worthy of esti- 
mation. 9. Regard; behalf; sake; — a sense deduced 
from charges on book ; as, on account of public affairs. 

AC-COUNT', V. t. 1. To deem, judge, consider, think, or 
hold in opinion. — 2. To account of; to hold in esteem ; to 
value. 3. To reckon, or compute ; to assign as a debt. 
These uses are antiquated. 

AC-COUNT', V. i. 1. To render an account or relation of 
particulars. 2. To give reasons ; to assign the causes ; to 
explain ; with for. 3. To render reasons ; to answer for 
in a responsible character. 

AC-COUNT-A-BIL'I-TY, n. I. The state of being liable to 
answer for one's conduct. R.Hall. 2. Liability to the pay 
ment of money or of damages ; responsibility for a trust. 

AC-COUNT'A-BLE, a. 1. Liable to be called to account ; 
answerable to a superior. 2. Subject to pay, or make 
good, in case of loss. 

AC-COUNT'A-BLE-NESS, n. Liableness to answer or to 
give account ; the state of being answerable. 

AC-COUNT' ANT, 71. One skilled in mercantile accounts , 
more generally, a person who keeps accounts. 

AC-COUNT'-BOOK, n. A book in which accounts are 
kept. Swift. 

AC-COUNT'ED, pp. Esteemed ; deemed ; considered ; re- 
garded ; valued. — Accounted for ; explained. 

AC-COUNT'ING, ppr. Deeming ; esteeming ; reckoning ; 
rendering an account. — Accounting for ; rendering an ac- 
count. 

AC-COUNT'ING, n. The act of reckoning or adjusting ac- 
counts. 

AC-COUP'LE, (ak-kup'pl) v. t. To couple ; to join or link 
together. See Couple. 

AC-COUP'LE-MENT, (ak-kup'pl-ment) n. A coupling; a 
connecting in pairs ; junction. [Little used.] 

t AC-C0UR'A6E, (ak-kur'aje) v. t. To encourage. Spenser. 

f AC-CoURT', V. t. To entertain with courtesy. Spenser. 

AC-COU'TRE, I ,. tr^«;t«.^ S ^- *• [Fr. accoutrer.] In a 

AC-C5U'TER, \ (.^K-^f'O lerj y general sense, to dress ; to 
equip ; but appropriately, to array in a military dress ; to 
put on, or to furnish with a military dress and arms ; to 
equip the body for military service. 

AC-C6U'TREDj,pp. Dressed in arms ; equipped. 

AC-COU'TRING, ppr. Equipping with military habili 
ments. 

AC-COU'TRE-MENTS, (ak-koo'ter-ments) n. plu. 1. Dress 
equipage ; furniture for the body ; appropriately, military 
dress and arms ; equipage for military service. — 2. In 
common usage, an old or unusual dress. 

t AC-COY', 7). i. [Old Fr. accoistV. Todd.] To render quiet 
or diflSdent ; to soothe ; to caress. Spenser. 

AC-CRED'IT, V. t. [Fr. accredlter.] To give credit, author- 
ity, or reputation. 

AC-CRED-I-Ta'TION, n. That which gives title to credit. 
[Little used.] 

AC-CRED'IT-ED, pp. Allowed ; received with reputation ; 
authorized in a public character. Christ. Obs. 

AC-CRED'IT-ING, ppr. Giving authority or reputation. 

AC-CRES'CENT, a. Increasing. Shuckford. 

AC-CRe'TION, 71. [L. accretio.] A growing to; an in- 
crease^by natural growth. 

AC-CRE'TIVE, a. Increasing by growth ; growing ; adding 
to by growth. 

t AC-CRIM-I-Na'TION, 71. Accusation ; reproach. 

AC-CRoACH', V. i. [Fr. accrocher.] 1. To hook, or draw 
to as with a hook ; [obs.] 2. To encroach ; to draw away 
from another. — The noun accroachment, an encroach- 
ment,_is rarely or never used. See Encroach. 

AC-CRuE', (ak-kru') v. i. [Fr. accrottre, accru.] Literally, 
to grow to ; hence, to arise, proceed, or come ; to be added, 
as increase, profit or damage ; as, a profit accrues to gov- 
ernment from the coinage of copper ; a loss accrues from 
the coinage of gold and silver. 

jAC-CRuE', (ak-kru') n. Something that accedes to, or 
follows the property of another. 

AC-CRu'ING, ppr. Growing to ; arising ; coming ; being 
added. 

AC-CRU'MENT, 71. Addition ; increase. 

AC-CU-Ba'TION, 71. [L. accubatio.] A lying or reclining 
on a couch, as the ancients at their meals. 

t AC-CUMB', V. i. [L. accumbo.] To recline as at table. 

AC-CUM'BEN-CY, 7! . State of being accumbent or reclining. 

AC-CUM'BENT, a. [L. accumbens.] Leaning or reclining, 
as the ancients at their meals. 

t AC-CUM'BENT, n. One who is placed at a dinner-table. 

AC-CU'MU-LATE, v. t. [L. accumulo.] 1. To heap up; to 
pile^ to amass. 2. To collect or bring together. 

AC-Cu'MU-LATE, v. i. To grow to a great size, number^ 
or quantity ; to increase greatly. 



• Set Synapsis. A, g, I, o, ©, "?, long.— FS.R, FALL, WH^T ;— PRgY ,— HN, MARINE, BiRD :— t Obsolete 



ACE 



ACI 



Ae-€(J'MU-LATE, a. Collected into a mass or quantity. 

A€-€0'MU-LA-TED, pp. Collected into a heap or great 
quamity. 

A€-€U'MU-LA-TLNGj ppr Heaping up j amassing; in- 
creasing greatly. 

A€-€U-iMU-LA'TION, n. The act of accumulating ; the 
scale of being accumulated ; an amassing ; a coUectmg to- 
gether. 

A€-€U'MU-LA-TIVE, a. That accumulates ; heaping up ; 
accumulating. 

AC-Cu'MU-LA-TOR, n. One that accumiUates, gathers or 
amasses. 

A€'eU-RA-CY, n. [L. accuratio.] 1. Exactness ; exact con- 
formity to truth, or to a nUe or model ; freedom from 
mistake ; nicety ; correctness ; precision which results 
from care. 2. Closeness ; tightness. 

A€'€tJ-RATE, a. [L, accuratus.] 1. In exact conformity 
to truth, or to a standard or rule, or to a model •, free from 
failure, error, or defect. 2. Determinate ; precisely fixed. 
3. Close ; perfectly tight. 

ACeU-RATE-LY, adv. 1. Exactly •, in an accurate man- 
ner ; with precision ; without error or defect. 2. Close- 
ly ; so as to be perfectly tight. Comstock. 

A€'€U-RATE-NESS, n. Accuracy ; exactness ; nicety ;, 
precision. 

AC-CURSE', ^ak-kurs') v. t. [ac for ad, and curse.'\ To de- 
vote to destruction ; to imprecate misery or evil upon. 
{Rarely used.] See Curse. 

A€-€URSiEI), pp. or a. 1. Doomed to destruction or mise- 
ry. 2. Separated from the faithful ; CEist out of the 
chiirch ; excommunicated. 3. Worthy of the curse ; de- 
testable ; execrable. 4. Wicked ; malignant in the ex- 
treme. 

AC-Cu'SA-BLE, a. That may be accused ; chargeable with 
a crime ; blamable ; liable to censure ; followed by :</. 

AC-Cu'S-4NT, 71. One who accuses. Hall. * 

AC-CU-Sa'TION, 71. 1. The act of charging with a crime 
or offense ; the act of accusing of any wrong or injustice. 
2. The charge of an ofiense or crime ; or the declaration 
containing the charge. 

AC-Cu'SA-TlVE, a. A term given to a case of nouns, in 
grammars, on which the action of a verb terminates or 
falls ; called, in English grammar, the objective case. — Cen- 
suring ; accusing. 

\€-eu'SA-TiVE-LY, adv. 1. In an accusative manner. 
2. In relation to the accusative case in grammar. 

A.€!-Cu'SA-T0-RY, a. Accusing ; containing an accusa- 
tion^ 

AC-CUSE', V. t. [L. accuso.l 1. To charge with, or de- 
clare to have committed a crime. 2. lo charge with a 
fault; to blame. 

AC-CUS'ED, (ak-ku2d') pp. Charged with a crime, by a le- 
gal process ; charged with an offense ; blamed. 

AC-CUS'ER, 71. One who accuses or blames. 

AC-CuS'ING, ppr Charging with a crime ; blaming. 

AC-CUS'TOM, V. t. [Fr. accoutumer .] To make fanfiliar by 
use ; to form a habit by practice ; to habituate or inure. 

A€-€US'T0M, V. i. 1. To be wont, or habituated to do any 
thing. [Little used.] 2. To cohabit. [JVot used.] Milton, 

t AC-€US'T0M, n. Custom. Jililton. 

AC-CUS'TOM-A-BLE, a. Of long custom ; habitual ; cus- 
tomary. [Little ii^ed.] 

AC-CUS'TOM-A-BLY, adv. According to custom or habit. 
[Little used.] 

t A€-€US'TOM-ANCE, n. Custom ; habitual use or prac- 
tice. Boyle. 

AC-€US'TOM-A-RI-LY, adv. According to custom or com- 
mon practice. [Little u^ed.] 

AC-CUS'TOM-A-RY, a. Usual ; customary. [Little used.] 

ACeUS'TOMED, ;)j7. 1. Being familiar by use ; habituat- 
ed ; inured. 2. a. Usual ; often practiced. 

AC-CUS'TOM-ED-NESS, n. FamUiarity. 

AC-CUS'TOM-ING, ppr. Making familiar by practice ; in- 
uring. 

aCE, 71. [L. as.] 1. A unit ; a single point on a card or 
die ; or the card or die so marked. 2. A very small quan- 
tity ; a particle ; an atom ; a trifle. 

A-CEL'DA-MA, n. [Ch. Spn, a field, and Noi, Ch. Syr. 
and Sam., blood.] A field purchased with the bribe which 
Judas took for betraying his Master, and therefore called 
the field of blood. 

ACEPH'A-LIST, n. One who acknowledges no head or su- 
perior. 

A-CEPH'A-LOUS, a. [Gr. a priv. and Ks^alrj, a head.] 
Without a head, headless.— In history, the term Acephali, 
or Acephalites, was given to several sects who refused to 
follow some noted leader. 

A-CEPH'A-LUS, 71. An obsolete name of the tasnia or tape 
worm. The term is also used to express a verse defective 
in the beginning. 

A-CERB', a. [L. acerlus,] Sour, bitter, and harsh to the 
taste ; sour, with astringency or roughness ; a quality of 
unripe fruits. Q,uincy. 



t A-CERB' ATEj v. t. To make sour 

A-CERB'I-TY, n. 1. A sourness, with roughness, or astriU' 
gency. 2. Figuratively, harshness or severity of temper 
in man. 

A-CER'IC, a. [L. acer.] Pertaining to the maple. Ure. 

AC'ER-OUS, a. [L. acerosv^.] In botany, chaffy ; resem 
blinc chaff. 

t A-CER VATE, v. t. To heap up. 

t A-CER'VOSE, a. Full of heaps. 

A-CES'CEN-CY, n, [L. acescens.] A turning sour by spon- 
taneous decomposition ; a state of becoming sour, tart, or 
acid , and hence, a being moderately sour. 

A-CES'CENT, a. Turning sour ; becoming tart or acid by 
spontaneous decomposition. 

A-C£S'TE, n. In entomology, a species of butlerfly. 

A-CES'TIS, n. [Gr.] A factitious sort of chrysocolla, made 
of Cvprian verdigris, urine and niter. Cyc. 

AC-E-TAB'U-LUM, n. [L,] Among the Romans, a vinegar 
cruise, or like vessel. A species of lichen. 

AC'E-TA-RY, n. An acid, pulpy substance in certain fruits. 
GrejD. 

AC E-TATE, 71. In chemistry, a neutral salt, formed by the 
union of the acetic acid with any salifiable base. La- 
voisier. 

ACE-TA-TED, a. Combined with acetic acid, or radical 
vinegar. 

A-CE'TIC, a. A term used to denote a particular acid, 
acetic acid. 

A-CET-I-FI-Ca'TION, 71. The act of making acetous or 
sour ; or tjie operation of making vinegar. 

A-CkT'I-FY, v. t. To convert into acid or vinegar. 

AC'E-TITE, n. A neutral salt, formeu by the acetous acid 
with a salifiable base. 

AC-E-TOM'E-TER, 71. [L. acetum, vinegar, and Gr. nerpov, 
measure.] An instrmnent for ascertaining the strength of 
vinegar. Ure. 

A-Ce'TOUS, a. Sour ; like or having the nature of vinegar. 

AC-E-ToSE', a. Sour ; sharp. 

t AC-E-TOS'I-TY, n. The state of being acetose. 

A-Ce'TUM, n. [L.l Vinegar. 

aCHE, (ake) v. i. [Sax. ace, ece.] 1. To suffer pain ; to 
have or be in pain, or in continued pain ; as, the head 
aches. 2. To suffer grief, or extreme grief; to be distress- 
ed ; as, the heart aches. 

aCHE, (ake) n. Pain, or continued pain, in opposition to 
suddjn twinges, or spasmodic pain. 

A-CHe'AN, a. Pertaining to Achaia. 

A-CHERN'ER, n. The name of a star of the first magni- 
tude. 

ACH'ER-SET, n. An ancient measure of com. 

A-CHlE'VA-BLE, a. That may be performed. Barrow. 

A-CHIE'VANCE, 71. Performance. Elyot. 

A-CHIeVE', v. t. [Fr. achever.] 1. Topertonn,or execute ; 
to accomplish ; to finish, or carry on to a final close 2. 
To gain or obtain, as the result of exertion. 

A-CHIeV'ED, (a-cheevd') pp. Performed ; obtained ; ac- 
complished. 

A-CHIeVE'MENT, n. 1. The performance of an action. 
2. A great or heroic deed ; something accomplished by 
valor or boldness. 3. An obtaining by exertion. 4. An 
escutcheon, or ensigns armorial. 

A-CHIeV'ER, n. One who accomplishes a purpose, or ob- 
tains_an object by his exertions. 

A-CHIeV'ING, ;?;)?-. Performing; executing; gaining 

aCH'ING, ppr. Being in pain ; suffering distress. 

aCH'ING, 71. Pain ; continued pain or distress. 

a'CHI-OTE, 71. The anotta ; a tree, and a drug used for dye- 
ing red. Clavigero. 

a'CHOR, 7?. [Gr. a^fj^p,] 1. The scald head, a disease form- 
ing scaly eruptions. — 2. In mythology, the god of flies. 

A€H-R0-MAT'I€, a. [Gr. a priv. and xP'^/'«7 color.] Des- 
titute of color. Achromatic telescopes are formed of a 
combination of lenses, and so contrived as to remedy aber- 
rations and colors. 

A-CIC'U-LAR, a. [L. acicula.] In the shape of a needle. 

A-CIC'U-LAR-LY, adv. In the manner of needles, or 
prickles. 

ACID, a. [L. acidus.] Sour, sharp or biting to the taste , 
having the taste of vinegar. 

ACID, 71. In chemistry, acids are a class of substances, so 
denominated from their taste, or the sensation of sour- 
ness which they produce on the tongue. 

AC-I-DIF'ER-OUS, a. [acwf, and L./ero.] Containmg acids, 
or an acid. 

A-CID'I-Fl-A-BLE, a. [from acidify.] Capable of being con- 
verted into an acid. 

A-CID-[-Fi-Ca'TION, 77. The act or process of acidifying 
or changing into an acid. 

A-CID'I-FlED, pp. Made acid ; converted into an acid. 

A-CID'I-FI-ER, 71. That which by combination forms an 
acid, as oxygen and hydrogen. 

A-CIO'I-F?, V. t. To make acid ; but, appropriately, to con 
vert into an acid. 



• See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— Bl^LL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as- J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



ACQ 

A-CID'I-FY-ING, ppr. Making acid ; having power to 
change into an acid. 

AC-[-DfM'E-TER, n. An instrument for ascertaining the 
strengtli of acids. Upg. 

AC'1-1 iST, n. One wlio maintains the doctrine of acids. 

A-C1D'[-TY, ?!. [Fx.aciditi.] The quality of being sour ; 
sourness ; tartness ; sharpness to tlie taste. 

AC'ID-NESS, 7*. The quality of being sour ; acidity. 

A-€ID'U-L^, 71. Medicinal springs impregnated with sharp 
particles. 

A-CID'U-LATE, v, t. [L. acidulus.] To tinge with an acid ; 
to make acid in a moderate degree. 

A-C'fD'U-LA-TED, pp. Tinged with an acid ; made slightly 
sour. 

A-CiD'U-LA-TING, ppr. Tinging with an acid. 

AC'I-DULE, or A-CID'U-LUM, 71. In chemistry, a com- 
pound salt, in which the alkaline base is supersaturated 
with acid. 

A-CID'U-LOUS, a. [1.. acidulus.] Slightly sour 5 sub-acid, 
or having an excess of acid. 

AC-I-NAC I-FORM, a. [L. acinaces.] In botany, formed 
like, or resembling a cimeter. 

A-CIN'I-FORM, a. [L. acinus, a grape-stone, and forma, 
shape.] Having the form of grapes ; being in clusters like 
grapes. 

AC'I-NOSE, la Consisting of minute granular concretions. 

AC'I-NOUS, \ Eirwan. 

AC'I-NUS, n. [L.] In botany, one of the smaU grains, which 
compose the fruit of the blackberry, &c. 

AC I-PEN-SER, a. In ichthyology, a genus of fishes. 

A-CIT'LI, n. A name of the water hare. 

ACK ER, n. A ripple on the surface of the water; a curl. 
Fine mould. 

t AC-KNOW, (ak-no') v, t. To acknowledge ; to confess. 
B. Jon son. 

A€-KNOWL'EDGE, (ak-nol'-edge) v. t. 1. To own, avow, 
or admit to be true, by a declaration of assent. 2. To own 
or notice with particular regard. 3. To own or confess, 
as implying a consciousness of guilt. 4. To own with 
assent ; to admit or receive with approbation. 5. To own 
with gratitude ; to own as a benefit. 6. To own or ad- 
mit to belong to , 7. To receive with respect. 8. To own, 
avow, or assent to an act in a legal form, to give it va- 
lidity. 

A€-KN0WL'ED6ED, pp. Owned ; confessed ; noticed 
with regard or gratitude ; received witli approbation ; 
owned before authority. 

A€-KNOWL'EDG-ER, n. One who acknowledges. 

AC-KNOWL-'EDG-ING, ppr Owning ; confessing ; approv- 
mg. 

A€-KNOWL'EDG-MENT, n. 1. The act of owning ; con- 
fession. 2. The owning, with approbation, or in the true 
character. 3. Concession ; admission of the truth ; as of 
a fact, position, or principle. 4. The owning of a benefit 
received, accompanied with gratitude. 5. A declaration 
or avowal of one's own act, to give it legal validity. 

ACME, (ak'my) n. [Gr. aK^r].] The top, or highest point. 

ACNE, (ak'ny) 71. [Gr.] A small, hard punple or tubercle 
on the face. Quincy. 

A€-NES'TIS, 71. A part of the spine in quadrupeds. 

ACO, 77. A Mediterranean fish. 

t A-CoLD', acZo. Cold. Oower. 

ACO-LIN, n. A bird of the partridge kind. 

A-€OL'0-THIST, } n. [Gr. aKoXoi'0£«.] In the ancient 

ACO-LYTE, \ church, a subordinate officer. 

ACO-NITE, n. [L. aco7ntum.] The herb wolf's bane -, and, 
in poetry, used for poison in general. 

A-€ON'TIAS, n. [Gr. aKovriaq.'] 1. A species of serpent, 
called dart-snake. 2. A comet or meteor resembling the 
serpent. 

t A-COP', adv. [a and cope.] At the top. Jonson. 

A'CORN, n. [Sax, cBcern.] The seed or fruit of the oak 

a'CORN, v. i. To pick up and feed on acorns. 

a'CORNED, a. Furnished or loaded with acoms. 

a'GO-RUS, 71. [L.l 1. Aromatic calamus, sweet flag, or 
sw^et rush. — 2. In natural history, blue coral. 

A€-0-TYL'E-D0N, n. A plant whose seeds have no side 
lobes. 

AC-O-TY-LED'O-NOUS, a. Having no side lobes. 

A-€OUS'TIC, a. [Gr. a/covo-ri/cof .] Pertaining to the ears, to 
the sense of hearing, or to the doctrine of sounds. 

A-COUS'TICS, n. 1. The science of sounds, teaching their 
cause, nature, and phenomena. — 2. In inedicine, this term 
is sometimes used for remedies for deafness. 

A€-Q,UaINT', v. t. [old Fr. accointer.] 1. To make 
known ; to make fully or intimately known ; to make fa- 
miliar. 2. To inform •, to communicate notice to. 3. To 
acquaint one's self, is to gain an intimate or particular 
knowledge of. 

AC-aUAINT'ANCE, n. 1. Familiar knowledge ; a state of 
being acquainted, or of having intimate or more than 
slight or superficial knowledge. 2. A person or persons 
well known ; usually, persons we have been accustomed 



10 



ACR 



to see and converse with ; sometimes, persons more slight- 
ly known. — Acquaintances, in the plural, is used as aji- 
plied to individual persons known ; but, more generally, 
acquaintance is used for one or more. — Acquaintant, in a 
like sense, is not used. 

AC-aUAlNT'ANCE-SHIP, n. The quality of being ac 
quainted. Chalmers. 

AC-Q.UaINT'ED, pp. Known ; familiarly known ; inform- 
ed ; having personal knowledge. 

A€-Q.Ua1NT'ING, pj)?-. Making known to; giving nclic« 
or information to. 

AC-Q.UEST', n. [L. acquisitus.] 1. Acquisition ; the thing 
gained. Baco7i. 2. Conquest •, a place acquired by force. 

A€-aUI-ESCE', (ak-que-ess') v.i. [L. acquiesco.] 1. To 
rest satisfied, or apparently satisfied, or to rest without 
opposition and discontent. 2. To assent to. upon convic- 
tion. — Acquiesced in, in a passive sense ; complied with ; 
submitted to without opposition. 

A€-Q-UI-ES'CENCE, n. A quiet assent ; a silent submis- 
sion, or submission with apparent content. 

A€-Q.UI-ES'CENT, a. Resting satisfied ; easy ; submitting ; 
disposed to submit. Johnso7i. 

AC-aUl-ES'CING, ppr. Quietly submitting ; resting con- 
tent. 

t AC-QUl'ET, V. i. To render quiet. Shirley. 

AC-Q.Ui'RA-BLE, a. That may be acquired. 

AC-Q.U1RE', V. t. [L. acquiro.] To gain, by any means, 
something which is in a degree permanent, or which be- 
comesvested or inherent in the possessor. 

A€-QUiR'ED, (ak-quird') ;?j7. -Gained, obtained, or receiv- 
ed from art, labor, or other means, in distinction from 
those things which are bestowed by nature. 

AC-aUiRE MENT, n. The act of acquirhig, or that which 
is acquired ; attainment. It is used in opposition to nat- 
ural gifts. W^'[ 

AC-ClUlR EI^i. A person who acquires. 

AC-Q.UlR'ING^ -ppr. Gaining by labor, or other means, 
something tjlaji' has a degree of permanence in the pos- 
sessor. _ ■ , 

f A€-Q,Ul'RY, n. Acquirement. Barrow, 

ACaUI-SlTE, a. Gained. Burton. 

A€-QUI-SI»TI0N, n. [L. acquisitio.] 1. The act of acquir- 
ing. 2. The thing acquired, or gained. 

AC-aUISl-TlVE, a. That is acquired ; acquired ; [but im.- 
proper.] Walton. 

A€-CIUIS I-TiVE-LY, adv. Noting acquirement, with to 
or for following. Lilly. 

t AC-OUIST', 71. See Acquest. Milton. 

AC-QUIT', V. t. [Fr. acquitter.] To set free ; to release or 
discharge from an obligation, accusation, guilt, censure, 
suspicion, or whatever lies upon a person as a charge or 
dutv. 

t A€-aUIT'MENT, n. The act of acquitting, or state of be- 
ing acquitted ; now superseded by acquittal. South. 

AC-QUIT'TAL, n. A judicial setting free, or deliverance 
from the charge of an offense. 

AC-aUIT'TANCE, n. 1. A discharge or release from a 
debt. 2. The writing, which is evidence of a discharge ; 
a receipt in full, which bars a further demand. 

t AC-aUIT'TANCE, v. t. To acquit. Shak. 

AC-aUIT'TED, p;>. Set free, or judicially discharged from 
an accusation ; released from a debt, duty, obligation, 
charge, or suspicion of guilt. 

AC-Q. JIT'TING, ppr. Setting free from accusation ; releas- 
ing from a charge, obLigation, or suspicion of guilt. 

t A-€RaSE', or t A-€RaZE', v. t. 1. To make crazy ; to 
infatuate. 2. To impair ; to destroy. 

ACRA-SY, ?(. [Gr. uKpaaia.] In medical authors, an excess 
or predominancy of one quality above another, in mix- 
ture, or in the human constitution. Bailey. 

a'CRE, (a'ker) n. [&a.x. acer, acera, or tscer.] A quantity 
of land, containing 160 square rods or perches, or 4840 
square yards. 

a'CRED, (a'kerd) a. Possessing acres or landed property. 
Pope. 

ACRID, a. [Fr. acre ; L. acer.] Sharp ; pungent ; bitter ; 
sharp or biting to the taste ; acrimonious. 

ACRID-NESS, 71. A sharp, bitter, pungent quality. 

AC-RI-Mo'NI-OUS, a. 1. Sharp ; bitter ; coiTosive ; abound- 
ing with acrimony. 2. Figuratively, severe ; sarcastic ; 
applied to language or temper. 

AC-RI-Mo'NI-OUS-LY, adv. With sharpness or bitter- 
ness. 

ACRI-MO-NY, 77. [1,. acrimonia.] 1. Sharpness ; a quality 
of bodies which corrodes, dissolves, or destroys others. 
2. Figuratively, sharpness or severity of temper ; bitter 
ness of expression proceeding from anger, ill-nature, 01 
petulance. 

ACRI-SY, n. [Gr. a and Kpiai?.] A state or condition of 
which no right judgment can be formed ; that of which 
no choice is made ; matter in dispute ; injudiciousness 
\Little used.] Bailey. 

ACRI-TUDE, n. [See Acrid.] An acrid quality ; bitterness 
to the taste ; biting heat. 



See Synapsis. ^, E, T, 5, tr, Y, long.—FKU, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PTN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete 



ACT 11 

f A€'RI-TY, 71. Sharpness •, eagerness. 

A€-RO-A-MAT'I€, a. [Gr. aKpoafiaTiKos.] Abstruse ; per- 
taining to deep learning. 

A€-RO-AT'I€, a. [Gr. aKpoariKos.] Abstruse ; pertaining 
to deep learning ; and opposed to exoteric. 

A€-R0-CE-RAU'N1-AN, a. [Gr. aKpa and Kepavvus.] An 
epithet applied to certain mountains, between Epirxis and 
Illyricum. 

A-€Ro MI-ON, n. [Gr. aKpos and w/zoj.] In anatomy, the 
upper part of the spine of the scapula. 

A-€RON'ie, I a. [Gr. a/cpoj and vu|.] In astronomy, a 

A-€ROjN' 'I-€AL, \ term applied to the rising of a star at 
sunset, or its setting at sunrise. 

A-€R0N'I-€A1.-LY, adv. In an acronical manner; at the 
rising or setting of the sun. 

A€'RO-SPIRE, n. [Gr. aKpos and aneipa.] A shoot or 
sprout of a seed. Mortimer. 

A€'RO-SPIRED, a. Having a sprout, or having sprouted at 
both ends. Mortimer. 

A-€ROSS', jyrep. 1. From side to side, opposed to along, 
which is in the direction of the length ; athwart ; quite 
over 5 as, a bridge is laid across a river. 2. Intersect- 
ing ; passing over at any angle ; as, a line passing across 
another. 

A-€ROS'TI€, 7*. [Gr. aKpa and aTi^og.] A composition in 
verse, in which the first letters of the lines, taken in or- 
der, form the name of a person, kingdom, city, &c. 

A-€ROS'TI€, a. That relates to, or contains an acrostic. 

A-€ROS'TI€-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of an acrostic. 

A€-R0-TE-LEU'TI€, n. [Gr. aKpos and reXevrr].-] Among 
ecclesiastical writers, an appellation given to any thing 
added to the end of a psalm, or hymn. 

A€'RO-TER. n. [Gr. aKporrjp.] In architecture, a small 
pedestal, usually without a base. 

A€-RO-THYM'I-ON, n. [Gr. aKpos and Bvixos.] Among pJiij- 
sicians, a species of wart, with a narrow basis and broad 
top, having the color of thyme. It is called thymus. 

A€T, V. i. [Gr. ayo), L. ago.] 1. To exert power ; as, the 
stomach acts upon food. 2. To be in action or motion ; 
to move. 3. To behave, demean, or conduct, as in 
morals, private duties, or public offices. — To act up t--^^ is 
to equal in action ; to fulfil, or perform a correspondent 
action. 

A€T, V. t. 1. To perform ; to represent a character on the 
stage. 2. To feign or counterfeit. [Improper.'] Dryden. 
3. To put in motion 5 to actuate ; to regulate movements. 
[Obs.] Locke. 

A€T, n. 1. The exertion of power ; the effect, of which 
power exerted is the cause. 2. That whicn is done ; a 
deed, exploit, or achievement, whether good or ill. 3. 
Action •, performance •, production of effects 5 as, an act 
of charity. 4. A state of reality or real existence, as op- 
posed to a possibility. 5. In general, act denotes action 
completed ; but, preceded by in, it denotes incomplete ac- 
tion. 6. A part or division of a play, to be performed with- 
out interruption ■, after which the action is suspended to 
give respite to the performers. 7. The result of public 
deliberation, or the decision of a prince, legislative bodv, 
council, court of justice, or magistrate ; a decree, edict, 
law, judgment, resolve, award, determination ; as, an act 
of parliament. — Act, in English universities, is a thesis 
maintained in public, by a candidate for a degree. — jlct 
of faith, auto da fe, in Catholic countries, is a solemn 
day held by the Inquisition, for the punishment of here- 
tics. 

AeT'ED, pp. Done ; performed ; represented on the 
stage. 

A€'T1-AN, a. Relating to Actium. 

A€T'ING, ppr. Doing ; performing ; behaving ; represent- 
ing the character of another. 

AGT'ING, n. Action ; act of performing a part of a 
play. 

A€-TIN'0-LTTE, n. [Gr. uktiv and \iOos.] A mineral, 
strahlstcin, nearly alfied to hornblend. 

Ae-TlN-0-LIT'I€, a. Like or pertaining to actinolite. 

ACTION, n. [L, actio.] 1. Literally, a driving 5 hence, the 
state of acting or moving ; exertion of power or force, as 
when one body acts on another. 2. An act or thing done ; 
a deed. — 3. In vicchanics, agency; operation; driving 
impulse ; effort of one body upon another.— 4. In ethics, 
the external signs or expression of the sentiments of a 
moral agent; conduct; behavibr ; demeanor.— 5. In poe- 
try, a series of events, called also the subject or fable.— Q. 
In oratory, gesture or gesticulation ; the external deport- 
ment of the speaker.— 7. In physiolosv, the motions or 
nctions of the body, vital, animal, and natural.— 8. In 
law^ a suit or process, by which a demand is made of a 
right ; a claim made before a tribunal. 9. In some coun- 
tries of Europe, action is a share in the capital stock of 
a company, or m the public funds, equivalent to our term 
share ,• and consequently, in a more general sense, to 
stocks.— \0. In painting and sculpture, the attitude or po- 



ACU 



sition of the several parts of the body, by which they seem 
to be actuated by passions 11. Battle; fight; engage- 
ment between troops in wai, whether on land or water. 

A€'TION-A-BLE, a. That will bear a suit, or for which an 
action at law may be sustained. 

A€'T10N-A-BLY, adv. In a manner that subjects to legal 
process. 

A€'TION-A-RY, or AG'TION-IST, n. In Europe, a propri- 
etor of stock in a trading company ; one who owns actions 
or shares of stock. 

t A€-TI-Ta'TIUN, 71. Action quick and frequent. 

t A€'TI-VATE, V. a. To make active. 

A€T'lVE, a. [L. activus ; Fr. actif.] 1. That has the 
power or quality of acting ; that contains the principle 
of action, independent of any visible external force. 2. 
Having the power of quick motion, or disposition to move 
with speed ; nimble ; lively ; brisk ; agile. 3. Busy ; 
constantly engaged inaction. 4. Requiring action or ex- 
ertion ; practical ; operative ; producing real effects ; op- 
posed to speculative ; as, the active duties of life. 

A€T'IVE-LY, adv. In an active manner ; by action ; nim- 
bly ; briskly. 

A€T'IVE-NESS, 7?. The quality of being active ; the facul- 
ty of acting; quickness of motion. 

AG-TIV'I-TY, n. The quality of being active ; the active 
faculty ; nimbleness ; agility ; also the habit of diligent 
and vigorous pmsuit of business. 

t AeTiLESS, a. Without spurit ; insipid. 

A€T'OR, 71. 1. He that acts or performs ; an active agent 
2. He that represents a character, or acts a part in a play ] 
a stage-player. 3. Among civilians, an advocate or proc 
tor in civil courts or causes. 

AGT'RESS, n. A female who acts or performs, and espe- 
cially on the stage or in a play. 

A€T'U-AL, a. [Fr. actuel.] 1. Real or effective, or that 
exists truly and absolutely. 2. Existing in act ; real ; in 
opposition to speculative. 

A€T-U-AL'I-TY, 71. Reality. Haweis. 

A€T'U-AL-LY, adv. In fact ; really ; in truth. 

t A€T'U-AL-NESS, n. The quality of being actual. 

A€T'U-A-RY, n. [L. actuarius.] A register or clerk. 

A€T'U-ATE, a. Put in action. [Little used.] 

A€T'U-ATE, V. t. To put into action ; to move or incite to 
action. 

A€T'U-A-TED, pp. Put in action ; Incited to action. 

A€T'U-A-TING, ppr. Putting in action ; Inciting to ac- 
tion. 

A€T-U-A'TION, 7t. The state of being put in action ; ef 
fectual operation. Qlanville. 

t A€T'U-OSE, a. Having strong powers of action. 

A€T'US, 71. Among the Romans, a measure in building 
equal to 120 Roman feet. 

A€'U"-ATE, V. t. [L. acuo.] To sharpen ; to make pungent 
or corrosive. [Little used.] Harvey. 

t A€'U-ATE, a. Sharpened. Ashmole. 

A€-U-BeNE', n. A star of the fourth magnitude. 

Ae-U-i"TION, 71. The sharpening of medicines to In 
crease their effect. 

t A-eU'I-TY, 72.. Sharpness. Perkins. 

A-€tJ'LE-ATE, a. [L. aculeus.] 1. In botany, having 
prickles, or sharp points ; pointed. — 2. In zoology, hav- 
ing a sting. 

A-€u'LE-I, 71. [L.] In botany and zoology, prickles or 
spines. 

A€'U-LON, ) n. [Gr. a/cuXo?.] The fruit or acorn of the 

A€'IJ-LOS, ] ilex, or scarlet oak. 

A-€U'MEN, n. [L.] A sharp point ; and, figuratively, 
quickness of perception, the faculty of nice discrimina- 
tion. 

A-€u'MI-NATE, a. [L. acuminatum.] Ending in a sharp 
point ; pointed. 

A-€u'MI-NA-TED, a. Sharpened to a point. 

A-€d-MI-Na'T10N, n. A sharpening ; termination in a 
shai-p point. 

A€-U-PUN€'TURE, n. [1.. acusRnipmictura.] Amongthe 
Chinese, a surgical operation, performed by pricking the 
part affected with a needle. 

A€'U-RU, n. In Lidia, a fragrant aloe-wood. 

A'€US, n. [L.] 1. The ntedle-fish, or gar-fish. 2. The 
ammodyte or sand eel. 3. The oblong cimex. 

A-€uTE'', a. [L. acutus.] 1. Sharp at the end ; ending in a 
sharp point ; opposed to bhcnt or obtuse. 2. Figuratively, 
applied to mental powers ; penetrating ; having ni^3 dis- 
cernment ; perceiving or using minute distinctions ; op- 
posed to dull or stupid. 3. Applied to the senses; hav- 
ing nice or quick sensibility ; susceptible of slight im- 
pressions ; having power to feel or perceive small objects. 
4. An acute disease is one which is attended with vio- 
lent symptoms, and comes speedily to a crisis, as a 
pleurisy; opposed to chronic. 5. An acute accent is that 
which elevates or sharpens the voice. — 6. In music, acute 
is applied to a tone which is sharp, or high ; opposed to 
grave. — 7. In botany, ending in an acute angle. 

t A-€OTE', V. t. To render the accent acute 



! Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BtJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this f Obsolete 



ADD 



12 



ADE 



A-€t[TE'Ly , adv. Sharply ; keenly ; with nice discrimina- 
tion. 

A-€uTE'NESS, n. 1. Sharpness, 2. The faculty of nice 
discernment or perception ; applied to the senses, or the 
understanding. 3. Sharpness, or elevation of sound. 4. 
Violence of a disease. 

A-€U-T[a'TOR, 71. In the middle ages, a person whose of- 
fice was to sharpen instruments. 

AD. A Latin preposition, signifying to. — Ad hominem, to 
the man, in logic, an argument, adapted to touch the pre- 
judices of the person addressed. — Ad inquirendum, in law, 
a judicial writ, commanding inquiry to be made. Ad 
libitum, [L.] at pleasure. — Ad valorem, according to the 
value, in commerce and finance. 

t AD-A€T', v. t. [L. adago.} To drive ; to compel. 

AD'AOE, n. [L. adagium, or adagio.] A proverb •, an old 
saying, which has obtained credit by long use ; a wise 
obsej-vation, handed down from antiquity. 

t A-Da'6I-AL, a. Proverbial. Barrow. 

A-Da'(jI-0, 71. [It.] In music, a slow movement. — As an 
adverb, slowlv, leisurely, and with grace. 

AD'AM, n. [in Heb. Ch. Syr. Eth. Ax., Man.] Primarily, the 
name of the human species, mankind ; appropriately, the 
first man, the progenitor of the human race. 

AD'Ai\]'S AP-PLE. A species of citron, [see Citron ;j also 
the prominent part of the throat. 

^.D'AM'S NEE-DL,E. The popular name of the plant yucca. 

AD'A-MANT, n. [Gr. aSaixas ; L. adamas.] A very hard or 
impenetrable stone ; a name given to the diamond and 
other substances of extreme hardness. 

AD-A-MAN-Te'AN, a. Hard as adamant. Milton. 

AD-A-MAJ^f'TINE, a. Made of adamant ; having the quali- 
ties of adamant; that cannot be broken, dissolved, or 
penetrated. 

AI)'AM-I€, a. Pertaining to Adam. 

AD' AM-ITES. In church history, a sect of visionaries, who 
pretended to establish a state of innocence, and, like 
Adam, went naked. 

AD-AM-IT'I€, a. Like the Adamites. Taylor. 

AD- AN-So'NI- A, n. Ethiopian sour gourd, monkey's bread, 
or African calabash-tree. 

A-DAPT , V. t. [Sp. adaptar ; L. ad and apto.] To make 
suitable ; to fit or suit ; as, to adapt an instrument to its 
uses. 

A-DAP-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. The q-uality of adaptation. 

A-DAPT'A-BLE, a. That may be adapted. 

AD-AP-Ta'TION, n. The act of making suitable, or the 
state of being suitable, or fit ; fitness. 

A-DAPT'ED, pp. Suited ; made suitable; fitted. 

ADAPT'ER. See Adopter. 

A-DAPT'ING, ppr. Suiting ; making fit. 

A-DAP'TION, n. Adaptation ; the act of fitting. 

t A-D APT'NESS, n. A state of being fitted. 

a'DAR, n. A Hebrew month, answering to the latter part 
of February and the beginning of March. 

A-DaR'CE, n. [Gr. aSapK/js.] A saltish concretion on reeds 
and grass in marshy grounds in Galatia. 

A-DXR'eON, n. In Jewish antiquity, a gold coin. 

A-DaR'ME, n. A Spanish weight, the sixteenth of an 
ounce. 

AD' A-TIS, n. A muslin or species of cotton cloth from India. 

t A-DaUNT', v. t. To subdue. 

t A-D AW, V. t. To daunt ; to subject. Spenser. 

A-DaYS', adv. On or in days ; as in the phrase, now adays. 

ADD, V. t. [li. addo.] 1. To set or put together, join, or 
unite, as one thing or sum to another, in an aggregate. 
2. To unite in idea or consideration ; to subjoin. 3. To 
increase number. 4. To augment. 

t AD-€0R'P0-RATE, V. t. To unite one body with another. 

ADDA-BLE, a. That may be added. 

AD-DEC'1-MATE, v. t. [L. ad and decimus.'] To take, or 
to ascertain tithes. 

ADD'ED, pp. Joined in place, in sum, in mass or aggregate, 
in number, in idea, or consideration ; united ; put to- 
gether. 

AD-DEEM', V. t. To award ; to sentence. [Little used.] 

AD-DEN'DUM, n. [L.] plu. Addenda. An addition or an 
appendix to a work. 

AD'DER, n. [Sax. aetter or aettw.] A venomous serpent or 
viper, of several species. 

AD'DER-FLY, n. A name of the dragon-fly. 

AD'DER'S-GRaSS, n. A plant about which serpents lurk. 

AD'DER'S-ToNGUE, n. A plant whose seeds are produced 
on a spike resembling a serpent's tongue. 

ADDER'S-WoRT, 71. Snakeweed, so named from its sup- 
posed virtue in curing the bite of serpents. 

AD-DI-BIL'I-TY, n. The possibility of being added. 

AD'DI-BLE, a. That may be added. Locke. 

tAD'DTCE. See Adz. 

AD-DICT', a. Addicted. [J^Tot much used.] 

AD-DieT', V. t. [L. addico.] To apply one's self habitual- 
ly ; to devote time and attention by customary or constant 
practice ; sometimes in a good sense, but more usually in a 
bad one 



AD-DI€T'ED, pp. Devoted by customary practice 

AD-DI€TED-NESS, n. The quality or state of being ed 
dieted. 

AD-DI€T'ING, ppr. Devoting time and attention ; prac- 
ticing customarily. 

AD-DI€'TION, n. 1. The act of devoting or giving up in 
practice ; the state of being devoted. 2. Among the Ro- 
mans, a making over goods to another by sale or legal 
sentence ; also an assignment of debtors in service to 
their creditors. 

ADD'ING, ppr. Joining j putting together ; increasing. 

AD-DIT'A-MENT, n. [L. additamentum.] An addition, or 
rather the thing added, as furniture in a house ; any ma- 
terial mixed with the principal ingredient in a compound 
[Little used ] 

AD-Dl"TlON, n. [L. additio.] 1. The act of adding, op- 
posed to subtraction or diminution. 2. Any thing added, 
whether material or immaterial. — 3. In arithmetic, the 
uniting of two or more numbers in one sum. — 4. In Zaw, 
a title annexed to a man's name, to show his rank, occu- 
pation, or place of residence. — 5. In music, a dot at the 
side of a note, to lengthen its sound one half. — 6. In her- 
aldry, something added to a coat of arms, as a mark ot 
honor. — 7. In distilling, any thing added to the wash or 
liquor in a state of fermentation.— ^. In popular language, 
an advantage, ornament, improvement. 

AD-Di"TION-AL, a. That is added. It is used by Bacon 
for addition ; but improperly. 

AD-Dl"TION-AL-LY, adv. By way of addition. 

t AD-DI"TION-A-RY, a. That may be added. 

ADD'I-TlVE, a. That may be added. 

ADD'I-TO-RY, a. That adds, or may add. 

AD'DLE, a. [W. hadyl.] In a morbid state ; putrid ; appli- 
ed to eggs. Hence, barren, producing nothing. Dryden. 

AD'DLED, a. Morbid, corrupt, putrid, or barren. 

AD'DLE-HEAD-ED, ^ „ • . x. • 

AD'DLE-PA-TED, \ ^' ^^^vrng empty brams. 

ADD'LINGS, n. plu. Earnings ; wages received for work 
Cheshire, Eng. 

AD-D05M', V. t. See Doom. To adjudge. 

AD-DORS'ED, a. In heraldry, having the backs turned to 
each other, as beasts. 

AL-DRESS', V. t. [Ft. adresser.] 1. To prepare ; to make 
suitable dispositions for. 2. To direct words or discourse ; 
to apply to by words. 3. To direct in writing, as a letter ; 
or to direct and transmit. 4. To present an address, as a 
letter of thanks or congratulation, a petition, or a testimo- 
ny of respect. 5. To court or make suit as a lover. — 6. In 
commerce, to consign or intrust to the care of another, as 
agent or factor. 

AD-DRESS', n. 1. A speaking to ; verbal application ; a 
formal manner of speech. 2. A written or formal appli- 
cation ; a message of respect, congratulation, thanks, pe- 
tition, &c. ; as, an address of thanks. 3. Manner of speak 
ing to another ; as, a man of pleasing address. 4. Court- 
ship ; more generally in the plural, addresses. 5. Skill ; 
dexterity ; skilful management. 6. Direction of a letter 
including the name, title, and place of residence of the 
person for whom it is intended. 

AD-DRESS'ED, (ad-dresf) pp. Spoken or applied to ; di- 
rected ; courted ; consigned. 

AD-DRESS'ER, n. One who addresses or petitions. 

AD-DRESS ING, ppr. Speaking or applying to; directing, 
courting ; consigning. 

AD-DuCE', V. t. [L. adduco.] 1. To bring forward, present, 
or offer. 2. To cite, name, or introduce. 

AD-Du CED, (ad-duste') pp. Brought forward ; cited ; al- 
ledged in argument. 

AD-Du'CENT, a. Bringing forward, or together ; a word 
applied to those muscles of the body which pull one part 
towards another. 

AD-Du'CI-BLE, a. That may be adduced. 

AD-Du'ClNG, ppr. Bringing forward ; citing in argument 

AD-DU€'TION, n. The act of bringing forward. 

AD-DU€'TlVE, a. That brings forward. 

AD-DU€'TOR, n. [L.] A muscle which draws one part of 
the body towards another. 

fAD-DULCE', (ad-dulsO v. t. [L. ad and dulcis.] To 
sweeten. Bacon. 

AD'EB, n. An Egyptian weight of 210 okes. E-ncyc. 

AD-E-LAN-TA'DO, n. [Spanish.] A governor of a prov- 
ince ; a lieutenant governor. 

AD'E-LING, n. A title of honor, given by our Saxon ances 
tors to the children of princes, and to young nobles. It is 
composed of adel, or rather cBthel, the Teutonic term for 
noble, illustrious, and ling, young, posterity. 

AD'E-LITE, n. Adelites or Almoganens, in Spain, were 
conjurers, who predicted fortunes. 

A-DEMP'TION, n. [L. adimo.] In the civil law, the revoca- 
tion of a grant, donation, or the like. 

AD-E-NOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. aSrjv and ypa^w.J That part 
of anatomy which treats of the glands. 

AD'E-NOID, a. [Gr. aSnv and eiSog.] In the form of a 
gland ; glandiform ; glandulous. 



* See »ynopsi<>. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.-FAn, FALL, WHAT ;-PREY ;-PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;- j Obsolete 



ADJ 



18 



ABJ 



AD-E-NO-L0Gr'I-€!AL, a. Pertaining to tlie doctrine of the 
glands. 

AD-E-N0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. a^vv and Xoyo^.l In anatomy, 
the doctsne of tie glands, their nature, and their uses. 

AD E-NOS, 71. A species of cotton, from Aleppo, called also 
marine cotton. 

A-DEPT , 71. [L. adeptus.] One fuUy skiUed or well versed 
in any art. 

A-DEPT , a. Well skilled ; completely versed or acquainted 
with. Boyle. 

\ A-DEP'TION, 71. [L. adeptio.] An obtaining ; acquire- 
ment. Bacon. 

AD'E-aUA-CY, n. [L. adcequatus.] The state or quality of 
being equal to, proportionate, or sufficient ; a sufficiency 
for a partictilar purpose. War in Disguise. 

AD'E-Q.UATE. a. Equal ; proportionate ; correspondent 
to ; fully sufficient. 

t AD'E-aUATE, V. t. To resemble exactly. Shelford. 

AD'£-aUATE-LY, adv. In an adequate manner ; in exact 
proportion ; in a degree equal to the object. 

AD'E-aUATE-NESS, n. The state of bemg adequate ; just- 
ness of proportion or representation. 

t AD-E-aUA'TION, n. Adequateness. Bp. Barlow. 

t AD-ES-POT'I€, a. Not absolute ; not despotic. 

AD-ES-SE-Na'RI-ANS, n. [L. adesse.] In church history, 
a sect who hold the real presence of Christ's body in the 
eucharist, but not by transubstantiation. 

AD-FE€T'ED, a. In algebra, compounded ; consisting of 
different powers of the unknown quautity. Bailey. 

AD-FIL'I-A-TED, ffl. Adopted as a son . See Affiliate. 

AD-FIL-I-A'TION. n. fL. ad and Jiliiis.] A Gothic custom, 
by which the children of a former marriage are put upon 
the same footing with those of a succeeding one. 

AD-HkRE', v. i. [L. adhmreo-l 1. To stick to, as glutinous 
substances, or by natural growth. 2. To be joined, or 
held in contact ; to cleave to. 3. Figiuratively, to hold 
to, be attached, or remain fixed, either by personal union 
or conformity of faith, principle, or opinion. 4. To be 
consistent ; to hold together as the parts of a system. 
Shak. 

AD-He'RENCE, n. 1. The quality or state of sticking or 
adhering. 2. Figuratively, a being fixed in attachment ; 
fidelhy ; steady attachment. 

AD-He'REN-CY, 71. The same as adherence. 

AD-He'RENT, a. Sticking, uniting, as glue or wax ; unit- 
ed with. 

AD-He'RENT, n. The person who adheres ; one who fol- 
lows a leader, party, or profession ; a follower, or parti- 
san ;_ a believer in a particular faith or church. 

AD-He'RENT-LY, adv. In an adlierent manner. 

AD-He'RER, n. One that adheres ; an adherent. 

AD-He'SION, (ad-he'-zhun) n. [L. adhcesio.] 1. The act 
or state of sticking, or being united and attached to. .Ad- 
hesion is generally used in a literal, adherence in a met- 
aphorical sense. 2. fkymetimes, figuratively, adherence, 
union, or steady attachment •, opinion. 

AD-He'SIVE, a. Sticky ; tenacious, as glutinous substan- 
ces •,_apt or tending to adhere. 

AD-He'S1VE-LY, adv. In an adhesive manner. 

AD-He'SIVE-NESS, n. The quality of sticking or adhering ; 
stickiness ; tenacity. 

AD-HIB'IT, V. t. [L. adhiheo.] To use, or apply. {Rarely 
used.] 

AD-HI-Bl"TION, 71. Application ; use. 

AD'HIL, ?!. A star of the sixth magnitude. 

AD-HOR-Ta'TION, 71. [L. adhartatio.] Advice. 

AD-HORT'A-TO-RY, a. [L. adhortor.] Advisory ; con- 
taining counsel or warning. 

t AD-I-APHO-RA-CY, n. Indifference. 

AD-I-APH O-RISTS, n. [Gr. a6iaq>opos.] Moderate Luther- 
ans ; a name given, in the sixteenth century, to certain 
men that followed Melancthon. 

AD-I-APH'O-ROUS, a. Indifferent •, neutral. 

t AD-I-APH'O-RY, n. Indifference ; neutralitv. 

A-DIEui, (a-du ) adv. [Fr. d dieu, to God.] Farewell ; an 
expression of kind wishes at Ine parting of friends. 

A-DIEu , n. A farewell, or commendation to the care of 
God. 

AD-I-POC'E-RATE, v. t. To convert into adipocere. 

AD-I-POC-E-Ra TION, n. The act or process of bemg 
chansed into adipocere. 

\D'I-PO-CERE, n [L. adeps and cera.] A soft, unctuous or 
waxy substance. 

AD'I-POSE, ) a. [L. adipos^is.l Fat ; as, the adipose mem- 

AD'I-POUS, \ brane. ^ ■> ' ' 

AD'IT, n. [L. aditus.] An entrance or passage ; a term in 
mining, used to denote the opening. 

t AD-i"TlON, n. The act of going to another. 

AD-Ja'CEN-CY, n. [L. adjaceo.] The state of lying close 
or contiguous •, a bordering upon, or lying next to. 

AD-Ja'CENT, a. Lying near, close, or contiguous 5 border- 
ing upon. 

AD-Ja'CENT, 71. That which is next to, or contiguous. 
Locke. [Little used.] 



AD-JE€T , V. t. [L. adjicio.] To add or put, as one thing 
to another. Macknight. 

AD-JE€'TI0N, n. Tiie act of adding, or thing added. 
Brown. [Little used.] 

AD-JE€-Ti"T10US, a. Added. Parkhurst. 

AD'JE€^TlVE, 71. In grammar, a word used with a noun, 
to express a quality of the thing named, or something at- 
tributed to it, or to limit or define it, or to specify or de- 
scribe a thing, as distinct from something else. It is call- 
ed also an attributive or attribute. 

AD'JE€-TiVE-LY, adv. In the manner of an adjective , 
as, a word is used adjfctively. 

AD-JOIN', V. t. [Fr. adjoindre.] To join or unite to ; to put 
to, by placing m contact : to unite, by fastening together 
with a joint, mortise, or knot. See Join. 

AD- JOIN', V. i. To lie or be next to, or in contact ; to be 
contiguous. 

t AD-JOIN'ANI', a. Contiguous to. Carew. 

AD-JOIN'ED, (ad-joind') pp. Joined to j united 

AD-JOIN'ING, fipr. Joining to ; adjacent ; contiguous. 

AD-JOURN', (ad-jurn') v. t. [Fr. ajourner.] Literally, to 
put off, or defer to another day ; but now used to denote 
a formal intermission of business, a putting off to any fu- 
ture meeting of the same body, and appropriately used of 
public bodies, or private commissioners, intrusted with 
business. 

AD-J6URN', v. i. To suspend business for a time ; as from 
one day to another, or for a longer period. 

AD-JOQRN'ED, (ad-jurnd') pp. 1. Put off, delayed, or de- 
ferred for a limited time. 2. As an adjective, existing or 
held by adjournment. 

AD-J6URN'ING, ppr. Deferring ; suspending for a time • 
closing a session. 

AD-J6URN'MENT, 71. 1. The act of adjourning. 2. The 
putting off till another day or time specified, or icithout 
day. 3. The time or interval during which a public body 
defers business ; as, during an adjournment. But a sus- 
pension of business, between the forming of a house and 
an adjournment for refreshment, is called a recess. In 
Great Britain, the close of a session of parliament is called 
a prorogation ; as the close of a parliament is a dissolu- 
tion. 

AD-JUDGE', V. t. [Fr. adjuger.] To decide, or determine, 
in the case of a controverted question ; to decree by a ju- 
dicial opinion. 

AD-JUDG'ED, (ad-judjd') pp. Detennined by judicial opin- 
ion ; decreed ; sentenced. 

AD-JUD6'ING, ppr. Determining by judicial opinion j sen- 
tencing. 

AD-JUDG'MENT, n. The act of judging ; sentence. 

AD-JtJ'DI-€ATE, v. t. [L. adjudico.] To adjudge ; to try 
and determine, as a court. 

AD-Ju'DI-€ATE, v. i. To try and determine judicially. 

AD-Ju'DI-€A-TED, ;)p. Adjudged ; tried and decided. 

AD-Ju DI-CA-TING, pjrr. Adjudging ; trying and deter- 
mining. 

AD-JU-DI-€a TION, n. 1. The act of adjudging ; the act 
or process of trying and determining judicially. 2. A ju- 
dicial sentence ; judgment or decision of a court. 

t AD JU-GATE, V. t. To yoke to. 

t AD'JU-MENT, n. [L. adjumentum.] Help ; support. 

AD'JUNOT, 7!. [L. adjunctus.] 1. Something added to an- 
other, but not essentially a part of it. — 2. In metaphysics, 
a quality of the body or the mind, whether natural or ac- 
quired. — 3. In grammar, words added to illustrate or am- 
plify the force of other words. Adjunct has been used for 
a colleague, but rarely. TVotton. 

AD'JUNOT, a. Added to or united with ; as, an adjunct 
professor. 

AD-JUN€'TION, n. The act of joining ; the thing joined. 

AD-JUN€'TIVE, a. Joining ; having the quality of joining 

AD-JUNO TIVE, n. That which is joined. 

AD-JUN€'TIVE-LY, adv. In an adjunctive manner. 

AD-JUNCT'LY, adv. In connection with ; consequently. 

AD-JU-Ra'TION, 71. 1. The act of adjuring ; a solemn 
charging on oath, or under the penalty of a curse. 2. 
The_ form of oath. Addison. 

AD-JuRE', V. t. [L. adjuro.] 1. To charge, bind, or com- 
mand on oath, or under the penalty of a curse. 2. To 
charge earnestly and solemnly, on pain of God's wrath. 
3. To conjure ; to charge, urge, or summon with solem- 
nity_. Miltun. 

AD-JuR'ED, (ad-jurd') pp. Charged on oath, or with a de- 
nunciation of God's wrath ; solemnly urged. 

AD-JuR'ER, 71. One that adjures ; one that exacts an oath. 

AD-JuR'ING, ppr. Charging on oath, or on the penalty of a 
curse ; beseeching with solemnity. 

AD-JUST', V. t. [Sp. ajustar.] I. To make exact ; to fit 5 
to make correspondent, or conformab.e. Swift 2. To 
put in order ; to regulate or reduce to system. 3. To 
make accurate ; to settle or bring to a satisfactory state, 
so that parties are agreed in the result. 

AD-JUST'ED, -pp. Made exact or conformable ; reduced to 
a right form or standard ; settled. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, D6VE ;— B^LL, eNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z } CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



ADM 



14 



ADM 



AD-IUST'ER, n. A person who adjusts ; that which regu- 
lates. 

AD-JUST'ING, ppr. Reducing to due form ; fitting ; mak- 
ing exact or correspondent •, settling. 

AD-J(JST'ME.\T, Ti. The act of adjusting-, regulation ; a 
ri;Jucing to just form or order ; a making fi„ or conforma- 
ble ; settlement. 

.A.D'JU-TAN-CY, tj. The office of an adjutant ; skilful ar- 
rangement. Burke. 

AD'Jlf-TANT, 71. [L. adjutans.] In military affairs, an of- 
ficer whose business is to assist the major by receiving 
and com inunlcauiig orders. — Adjutant-general, in an ar- 
my, is-t{ t chief adjutant. 

t AJWuTE', v.t.To help. B. Jonson. 

AD-Ju'TOR, 71 A h ^per. [Little usedA 

t AD'JU-TO-RY, a. Helping. 

t AD-JU'TRIX, 71. «he who helps. 

* AD-Ju'VANT, a. Helping ; assisting. Howell. 

* AD-JCJ'VANT, 71. An assistant. 
*AD JU VATE, V. t. To help. 

AD-LE-Ga TION, 71. [L. ad and legatio.] In the public law 
of tlie Qerman emvire, a right claimed, by the states, of 
joining their own ministers with those of the emperor, in 
public treaties. 

AD-L0-€U'T10N, n. See Allocution. 

AD-MEAS'URE, (ad-mezh'ur) v. t. 1. To measure or as- 
certain dimensions, size, or capacity ; used for measure. 

2. To apportion ; to assign to each claimant his right. 
AD-MEAS'URED, (ad-mezh'urd) pp. Measured ; appor- 
tioned. 

AD-MEAS'URE-MENT, 71. 1. The measuring of dimen- 
sions bv a rule. 2. The measure of a thing, or dimen- 
sions ascertained. 3. The adjustment of proportion, or 
ascertainment of shares, as of dower or pasture held in 
common. Blackstone. 

AD-MEAS'UR-ER, 71. One that admeasures. 

AD-MEAS'UR-I_NG, p;??-. Measuring; apportioning. 

AD-MEN-SU-Ra'TION is equivalent to admeasurement, 
but not much used. 

ti* J-Me'TI-ATE, v. t. To measure. 

f aD-MIN'I-€LE, 71. [L. adminiculum.] Help; support. 

AD-MI-Nie'U-LAR, a. Supplying help ; helpful. 

AD-MIN'IS-TER, v. t. [L. administro.] 1. To act as min- 
ister or chief agent, in managing public affairs, under 
laws or a constitution of government, as a king, presi- 
dent, or other supreme officer. 2. To dispense ; as, to 
administer justice or the sacrament. .3. To afford, give, 
or furnish ; as, to administer relief. 4. To give, as an 
oath ; to cause to swear according to law. 

AD-MINaS-TER, v._ i. 1. To contribute ; to bring aid or 
supplies ; to add something. 2. To perform the office of 
administrator. 

AD-MIN'iS-TERED, pp. Executed ; managed ; governed; 
afforded ; given ; dispensed. 

AD-xMIN-IS-Te'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to administration, or 
to the executive part of government. 

AD-MIN'IS-TER-ING, ppr. Executing; carrying into ef- 
fect ; giving ; dispensing. 

AD-MIN'IS-TRA-RLE, a. Capable of administration. 

AD-MIN'fS-TRATE, in the place of administer, has been 
used, but is not well authorized. 

AJD-MIN-IS-TRa'TION, 77. 1. The act of administering ; 
direction ; management ; government of public affairs ; 
the conducting of any office or employment. 2. Tlie ex- 
ecutive part of government, consistmg in the exercise of 
the constitutional and legal powers, the general superin- 
tendence of naticma-i affairs, and the enforcement of laws. 

3. The persons, collectively, who are intrusted with the 
execution of laws, and the superintendence of public af- 
fairs. 4. Dispensation ; distribution ; exhibition ; as, the 
administration of justice. 5. The management of the 
estate of an intestate person, under a commission from the 
prooer authority. 6. The power, office, or commission of 
an administrator. Blackstone. 

AD-MIN'IS-TRA-TIVE, a. That administers, or by which 
one administers. 

AD-MI^MS-TRA'TOR, n. 1. A man who, by virtue of a 
commission from the proper authority, has the charge of 
the goods and estate of one dying without a will. 2. One 
who administers, or who directs, manages, distributes, or 
dispenses laws and rites. — 3. In Scots law, a tutor, cura- 
tor, or guardian. 

AD-jMIN-IS-TRa'TOR-SHIP, n. The office of an adminis- 
trator. 

AD-MIN-IS-TRa'TRIX, n. A female who administers upon 
the estate of an intestate ; also a female who administers 
government. 

AH-MI-RA-BTL'I-TY, n. The quality of being admirable. 

ALKAII-RA-BLE, a. [L. admirabiUs.] To be admired ; wor- 
thy of admiration ; having qualities to excite wonder, 
with approbation, esteem, or reverence ; used of persons 
or things. 

AD'MI-RA-RLE-NESS, v. The quality of being admirable ; 
the power of exciting admiration. 



AD'MI-RA-BLY, adv. In a manner to excite wonder, 
mingled with approbation, esteem, or veneration. 

AD'MI-RAL, n. [in the Latin of the middle ages, amira^ 
aniiras, admiralis.] A marine commander-in-chief; the 
commander of a fleet or navy. 1. The lord high admiral, 
in Great Britain, is an officer who superintends all mari- 
time affairs, and has the government of the navy. 2 
The admiral of the fleet, the highest officer under the ad- 
miralty. 3. The vice admiral is an officer next in rank 
and command to the admiral. 4. The rear admiral is 
next in rank to the vice admiral. 5. The commander of 
any single fleet, or, in general, any flag officer. 6 The 
ship which carries the admiral ; also, the most considera- 
ble ship of a fleet. — 7. In zoology, a species of shell-Ssh 

AD'MI-RAL-SHIP, n. The office or power of an admiral. 
[Little u^ed.] 

AD'Ml-RAL-TY, n. In Great Britain, the office of lord high 
adrakal. This office is discharged by one person, or by 
commissioners, called lords of the admiralty. The admi- 
ralty court, or court of admiralty, is the supreme court for 
the trial of maritime causes. In general, a court of admi- 
ralty is a court for the trial of causes arising on the high 
seas, as prize-causes and the like. 

AD-MI-Ra'TION, 77. Wonder mingled with pleasing emo- 
tions, as approbation, esteem, love, or veneration ; a com- 
pound emotion excited by something novel, rare, great, or 
Gxccllcnt, JDvydsiit 

t AD-MI'RA-TlVE, n. A note of admiration, thus, ! 

AD-MiRE', V. t. [L. admirer.] 1. To regard with wonder 
or surprise, mingled with approbation, esteem, reverence, 
or affection. 2. To regard with affection ; a familiar term 
for to love greatly. 

AD- MIRE', V. i. To wonder ; to be affected with slight sur 
prise. Ray. 

AJD-MIR'ED, (ad-mird') pp. Regarded with wonder, min 
gledwith pleasurable sensations. 

AD-MlR'ER, 71. One who admires ; one who esteems or 
loves greatly. 

AD-MlR'ING, ppr. Regarding with wonder, united with 
love or esteem. 

AD-MTR'ING-LY, adv. With admiration ; in the manner of 
an admirer 

AD-MISS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being admissible. 
Chase. 

AD-MISS'I-BLE, a. That may be admitted, allowed, or 
conceded. 

AD-MISS'lON, n. [L. admissio."] 1. The act or practice of 
admitting ; the state of being admitted. 2. Admittance ; 
power or permission to enter ; entrance ; access ; power 
to approach. 3. Allowance ; grant of an argument or 
position not fully proved. 

AD-MIT', V. t. [h. admitto.] 1. To suffer to enter; to 
grant entrance ; whether into a place, or an office, or 
into the mind, or consideration. 2. To give right of en- 
trance. 3. To allow ; to receive as true. 4. To permit, 
grant, or allow, or to be capable of. 

AD-MIT'TA-BLE, a. That may be admitted or allowed. 

AD-MIT'TANCE, n. 1. The act of admitting ; allowance. 
2. Permission to enter ; the power or right of entrance , 
actual entrance. 3. Concession ; admission ; allowance. 
[JVot used.] 4. Shakspeare uses the word for the custom 
or prerogative of being admitted. 

AD-MIT'TED, pp. Permitted to enter or approach ; allow- 
ed ; granted ; conceded. 

AD-MIT'TER, 7i. He that admits. 

AD-MIT'TING, ppr. Permitting to enter or approach ; al- 
lowing; conceding. 

AD-M£X', V. t. To mingle with something else. See Mix 

AD-MIX'TION, (ad-mix'chun) ?i. [L. admixtio.] A min 
gling of bodies; a union by mixing different substances 
together. 

AD-M1XT'URE,77. The substance mingled with another; 
sometimes the act of mixture. 

AD-MON'ISH, V. t. [L. admoneo.] 1. To warn of a fault; 
to reprove with mildness. 2. To counsel against wrong 
practices ; to caution or advise. 3. To instruct or direct. 

AD-MON'ISHED, pp. Reproved ; advised ; warned ; in 
structed. 

AD-MON'ISH-ER, n. One who reproves or counsels. 

AD-MON'ISH-ING, ppr. Reproving ; warning ; counsel 
ing ; directing. 

AD-MON ISh-MENT, n. Admonition. Shak. 

AD-MO-NI"TION, 77. Gentle reproof ; counseling against a 
fault ; instruction in duties ; caution ; direction. 

AJ)-MO-Nl"TION-ER, n. A dispenser of admonitions 
Hooker. 

AD-MON 'I-TiVE, a. Containing admonition. Barrow. 

AD-MON'[-TOR, 77. An admonisher, a monitor. 

AD-MON'I-TO-RY, a. Containing admonition : that admon 
ishes. 

AD-MOR-TI-Za'TION, 77. The reducing of lands or tene 
ments to mortmain. 

AD-MoVE , V. t. [L. admoveo.] To move to ; to bring one 
thing to another. [Little tised.] Brown. 



* See Synopsis, a, E, I, O, tJ, Y, long —FAR FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;- PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f ObsoleU 



ADO 



15 



ADU 



f AD-MUR-MU-RA'TION, n. The act of murmuring to an- 
other. 

AD-NAS'CENT, a. Growing on something else. Evelyn. 

AD-Na'TA, n. [L. ad and natus.] 1. In anatomy, one of 
the coats of the eye. 2. Such parts of animal or vegeta- 
ble bodies as are usual and natural. 3. Offsets of plants, 
germinating under ground. 

AD'NATE, a. [L. ad and natus.] In batany, pressing close 
to the stem, or growing to it. 

AD'NOUN, 71. In grammar, an adjective, or attribute. 
[Little used.] 

A-Do', n. [qu. a and do ] Bustle ; trouble ; labor ; diffi- 
cultv ; as, to make a great ado about trifles. 

AD-0-LES'CENCE, n. [L. adolescens.} The state of grow- 
ing, applied to the young of the human race ; youth, or 
the period of life between childhood and manhood. 

AD-0-LES'CENT, a. Growing ; advancing from childhood 
to manhood. 

AD-0-Nk'AN, a. Pertaining to Adonis. Faher. 

A-Do'NI-A, 71. Festivals celebrated anciently in honor of 
Adonis, by females. 

A-DON'ie, a. Adonic verse, a short verse, in which the 
death of Adonis was bewailed. 

A-DON'I€, 71. An Adonic verse. 

A-Do'NIS, n. In mythology, the favorite of Venus, said to 
bejhe son of Cinyras, kmg of Cyprus. 

A-Do'NIS. In botany, bird's eye or pheasant's eye. 

A-Do'NISTS, n. Among critics, a sect or party who main- 
tain that the Hebrew points ordinarily annexed to the 
consonants of the word Jehovah, are not the natural 
points belonging to that word, and that they do not ex- 
press the true pronunciation of it. 

t A-DOORS', (a-dorz ) adv. At doors ; at the door. 

A-DOPT', v. t. [L. adopto.] 1. To take a stranger into 
one's family, as son and heir ; to take one who is not a 
child, and treat him as one. 2. To take or receive, as 
one's own, that which is not natuially so. 3. To select 
and take. 

A-DOPT'ED, pp. Taken as one's own ; received as son 
and heir ; selected for use. 

A-DOPT'ED-LY, adv. In the manner of something adopted. 

A-DOPT'ER, 71. One who adopts. 

ADOPT'ING, ppr. Taking a stranger as a son ; taking as 
one's own. 

A-DOP'TION, n. [L. adoptio.] 1. The act of adopting, or 
the state of being adopted ; the taking and treating of a 
stranger as one's own child. 2. The receiving as one's 
own what is new or not natural. 

A-DOPT'IVE, a. [L. adoptivus.] That adopts ; as, an 
adoptive father ; or that is adopted ; as, an adoptive son. 

A-DOPT'lVE, 71. A person or thing adopted. 

A-Do'RA-BLE, a. That ought to be adored; worthy of di- 
vine honors. 

A-Do'RA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being adorable, 
or worthy of adoration. 

A-Do'RA-BLY, adv. In a manner worthy of adoration. 

AD-O-Ra'TIDN, n. 1. The act of paying honors to a divine 
being ; the worship paid to God ; the act of addressing 
as a god. 2. Homage paid to one in high esteem ; pro- 
found reverence. 

A-DoRE', V. t. [L. adoro.] 1. To worship with profound 
reverence ; to pay divine honors to ; to honor as a god, 
or as divine. Dryden. 2. To love in the highest degree ; 
to regard with the utmost esteem, affection and respect. 
Toiler. 

A-DoR'ED, (a-dord') pp. Worshipped as divine ; highly 
reverenced ; greatly beloved. 

t A-DoRE'MENT, n. Adoration. Brown. 

A-DoR'ER, 71. One who worships or honors as divine ; in 
popular language, an admiring lover. 

A-DoR'ING, ppr. or a. Honoring or addressing as divine ; 
regarding with great love or reverence. 

A-DORN', V. t. [L. adorno.] 1. To deck or decorate ; to 
make beautiful ; to add to beauty by dress ; to deck with 
external ornaments. 2. To set off to advantage ; to add 
ornaments to ; to embellish by any thing external or 
adventitious. 3. To make pleasing, or more pleasing. 
4. To display the beauty or excellence of. 

t A-DORN', n. Ornament. Spenser. 

t A-DORN', a. Adorned ; decorated. Milton. 

A-DORN'ED, (a-domd') pp. Decked ; decorated ; embel- 
lished. 

A-DORN'ING, ppr. Ornamenting ; decorating ; displaying 
beauty. 

A-DORN'ING, 71. Ornament ; decoration. 

fA-DORN'MENT.Ti. Ornament. Raleigh. 

AD-OS-€U-La'TION, n. [L. ad and osculatio.] The im- 
pregnation of plants by the falling of the farina on the 
pistils ; the inserting of one part of a plant into another. 
Crabbe. 

A-DOS'SED, a. [Fr. adossie.] In heraldry, placed back to 
back. 

A-DOWN', prep, [a and down.] From a higher to a lower 
situation ; downwards ; implying descent. 



A-DOWN', adv. Down 5 on the ground ; at the bottom. 

t A-DREAD', (a-dred') a. Affected by dread. 

A-DRI-AT'I€, a. [L. Adria, or Hadria.] Pertaining to tne 
gulf, called, from Venice, the Venetian Gulf. 

A-DRI-AT'1€, 71. The Venetian Gulf. 

A-DRIFT'j a. or adv. [Sax. adrifan.] Driven ; floating j 
impelled or moving without direction. 

AD-RO-GAfTION, n. [L. ad and rogo.] A species of adop- 
tion in ancient Rome. 

A-DROIT', a. [Fr.] Dextrous •, skilful 5 active in the use of 
the hands, and, figuratively, ^ji the exercise of the menial 
faculties ; ingenious ; ready in invention or execution. 

A-DROIT'LY, adv. With dexterity ; in a ready, skilful 
manner. Chesterfield. 

A-DROIT'NESS, n. Dexterity ; readiness in the use of the 
lin^bs, or of the mental faculties. Home. 

A-DRY' a. [Sax. adrigan.] Thirsty, in want of drink. 

AD-SCI-Tl"TIOUS, a. [L. ascititius.] Added ; taken as 
supplemental ; additional •, not requisite. 

AD-STRI€'TION, n. [L. adstrictio.] A binding fast ; co»- 
tiveness ; a closeness of the emunctories. 

AD-STRI€'TO-RY, > g Astringent 

AD-STRING'ENT. ^^^ astringlnt. 

AD-U-LA'RI-A, n. A mineral deemed the most perfect va- 
riety of felspar. Cleaveland, 

AD-U-La'TION, 71. [L. adulatio.] Servile flattery ; praise 
in excess ; high compliment. Shak. 

AD'U-LA-TOR, n. A flatterer ; one who offers praise ser- 
vilely. 

AD'U-LA-TO-RY, a. Flattering ; containing excessive 
praise or compliments ; servilely praising. 

AD'U-LA-TRESS, n. A female that flatters with servility. 

A-DULT', a. [L. adultus.] Having arrived at mature years, 
or to full size and strength. 

A-DULT', n. A person grown to full size and strength, or 
to the years of manhood. 

t AD'ULT-ED, ;)art. a. Completely grown. 

A-DUL'TER-ANT, n. The person or thing that adulterates. 

A-DUL'TER-ATE, v. t. [L. adulter 0.] To corrupt, debase, 
or make impure, by an admixture of baser materials. Boyle. 

t A-DUL'TER-ATE, v.i. To commit adultery. 

A-DUL'TER-ATE, a. Tainted with adultery ; debased by 
foreign mixture. 

A-DUL'TER-A-TED, pp. Corrupted ; debased by a mix- 
ture with something of less value. 

A-DUL'TER-ATE-LY, adv. In an adulterate manner. 

A-DUL'TER-ATE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being 
debased or counterfeit. 

A-DUL'TER-A-TING, ppr. Debasing ; corrupting ; coun- 
terfeiting. 

A-DUL-TER-a'TION, n. The act of adulterating, or the 
state of being adulterated ; coirupted or debased by for- 
eign admixture. 

A-DUL'TER-ER, n. [L. adulter.] 1. A man guilty of adul- 
tery ; a man who has sexual commerce with any married 
woman, except his wife. — 2. In Scripture.^ an idolater. 
Ezek. xxiii. 3. An apostate from the true faith •, a very 
wicked person. Jer. ix. 4. One devoted to earthly things. 
James, iv. 

A-DUL'TER-ESS, n. A married woman guilty of inconti- 

nCTlCG 

A-DUL'TER-INE, a. Proceeding from adulterous com- 
merce ; spurious. Hall. 

A-DUL'TER-INE, n. In the civil law, a child issumg 
from an adulterous connection. 

t A-DUL'TER-IZE, v. t. To commit adultery. 

A-DUL'TER-OUS, a. 1. Guilty of adultery ; pertaining 
to adultery.— 2. In Scripture, idolatrous, very wicked. 
Mat. xii. 

A-DUL'TER-OUS-LY, adv. In an adulterous manner. 

A-DUIi'TER-Y, n. [L. adulterium.] I. Violation of the 
marriage bed ; the unfaithfulness of any married person 
to the marriage bed. — 2. In a scriptural sense, all manner 
of lewdness or un chastity, as in the seventh command- 
ment, — 3. In Scripture, idolatry, or apostasy from the true 
God. Jer. in. 

A-DULT NESS, n. The state of being adult. 

AD-UM'BRANT, a. Giving a faint shadow, or slight re- 

AD-UM'BRATE, v. t. [L. adumbro.] To give a faint shad- 
ow, or slight likeness. 

AD UM-BRa'TION, 71. 1. The act of making a shadow or 
faint resemblance. 2. A faint sketch ; an imperfect rep- 
resentation of a thing. Bacon. — 3. In heraldry, the shad- 
ow only of a figure, outlined, and painted of a color 
darker than the field. 

t AD-U-Na'TION, n. The state of being united ; union. 
Cranmer. 

A-DUN'CI-TY, 71. [L. aduncitas.] Hookedness ; a bending 
in form of a hook. Arbuthnot. 

A-DUN'€OUS, a. [L. aduncus.] Hooked ; bent, or made in 
the form of a hook. Bacon. 

t A-DUNUUE', a. Hooked. Bacon. 

t A-DuRE', v. t. [L. adtiro.] To burn tip. 



«• Se-e Synopsis. MOVE, DpQK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € aa K ; as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



ADV 

\DUST', a. [L. adustus.^ Burnt} scorched ; become dry 
by heat : hot and fiery. 

A-DUST'ED, a. Become hot and dry ; burnt ; scorched. 

t A-DUST l-BLE, o. Tliat may be burnt up. 

A-DIlS'i ION, n. The act of burning, scorching, or heat- 
ing to dryness ; a state of being thus heated or dried. 

\D- VANCE', V. t. [Fr. avancerA 1. To tring forward ; 
to move further in front. 2. To promote ; to raise to a 
liiglier rank. 3. To improve or make better, which is 
considered as a progression, or moving forward. 4. To 
forward ; to accelerate growth. 5. To offer or propose ; 
to bring to view or notice. — 6. In commerce, to supply be- 
forehand i to furnish on credit, or before goods are deliv- 
ered, or work done. 7. To raise ; to enhance. 

AD-VANCE', V. i. 1. To move or go forward ; to proceed. 
2. To improve, or make progress ; to grow better, great- 
er, wiser or older. 3. To rise in rank, office, or conse- 
quence ; to be preferred, or promoted. 

AD-VANCE', n. 1. A moving forward, or towards the 
front. 2. Gradual progression ; improvement ; as, an ad- 
vance in religion or knowledge. 3. Advancement ; pro- 
motion ; preferment. 4. First hint by way of invita- 
tion , first step towards an agreement.— 5. In trade, 
additional price ; profit. 6. A giving beforehand •, a 
furnishing of something, on contract, before an equiva- 
lent is received. 7. A furnishing of money or goods for 
others, in expectation of reimbursement ; or the property 
so furnished. — In advance, in front ; before ; also before- 
hand •, before an equivalent is received. 

AD-VAN'CED, (ad-vansf) pp. Moved forward ; promoted ; 
improved ; furnished beforehand ; situated in front, or 
before the rest ; also, old, having reached the decline of 
life. 

AD-VANCE'MENT, n. 1 . The act of moving forward or pro- 
ceeding, 2. The state of being advanced ; preferment ; 
promotion, in rank or excellence ; the act of promot- 
ing. 3. Settlement or. a wife, or jointure. 4. Provision 
made by a parent for a child. 5. Money advanced. 

AD-VaN'CER, 71. One who advances 5 a promoter. 

AD-VAN'CING, ppr. Moving forward ; proceeding 5 pro- 
moting ; raising to higher rank or excellence ; improv- 
ing ; supplying beforehand, as on loan, or as stock in 
trade. 

AD-VAN'CIVE, a. Tending to advance, or promote. 

AD-VAN'TAGE, n. [Fr. avantage.} I. Any state, condi- 
tion, or circumstance, favorable to success, prosperity, 
interest, or reputation. 2. Benefit ; gain 5 profit. 3. 
Means to an end ; opportunity ; convenience for obtain- 
ing benefit. 4. Favorable state or circumstances. 5. 
Superiority, or prevalence over ; with of ox over. 6. Su- 
periority, or that which gives it. 7. Interest ; increase ; 
overplus. {Obs.]Shak. 8. Additional circumstance to give 
preponderation. 

AD-VAN'TAGE, v. t. 1. To benefit ; to yield profit or 
gain. 2. To promote ; to advance the interest of. 

AD-VAN'TA6E-A-BLE, a. Profitable ; convenient ; gain- 
ful. [Little used.\ 

AD-VAN'TAGED, pp. Benefited ; promoted. 

AD VAN'T AGE-GROUND, n. Ground that gives advan- 
tage or superiority ; a state that gives superior advan- 
tages for annoyance or resistance. 

AD-VAN-Ta'GEOUS, a. Being of advantage ; fui-nishing 
convenience, or opportunity to gain benefit ; gainful ; 
profitable ; useful •, beneficial. 

AD-VAN-Ta'GEOUS-LY, adv. In an advantageous man- 
ner ; profitably ; useflilly ■, conveniently. 

AD-VAN-Ta'GEOUS-NESS, n. The quality or state of be- 
ing advantageous ; profitableness. 

iLD-VAN'TA-G[NG,ppr. Profiting; benefitting. 

\ AD-VEC-TlfTIOUS, a. Brought ; carried. 

AD-VkNE', v. i. [L. advenic] To accede, or come to ; to 
be added to. [Little used."] 

A.D-Ve'NI-ENT, a. Advening ; coming from outward 
causes. 

AD'VENT, n. [L. adventus.']^ A coming ; appropriately, the 
coming of our Savior, and m the calendar it includes four 
Sabbaths before Christmas, beginning on St. Andrew's 
Day, or on the Sabbath next before or after it, intended 
as a season of devotion. 

*AD-VENT'INE, a. Adventitious. Bacon. 

AD-VEN Tf'TIOUS, a. [I., adventitius.] Added extrinsi- 
cally ; accidental ; not essentially inherent ; casual ; for- 
eign. 

AD-VEN-Ti"TIOUS-LY, adv. Accidentally. 

\D-VENT'IVE, a. Accidental ; adventitious. 

AD-VENT'IVE, n. The thing or person that comes from 
without. [Little used.] Bacon. 

AD-VENT'U-AL, a. Relating to the season of advent. 

AD-VENT'URE 71. [Fr. aventure.] 1. Hazard ; risk ; 
chance ; that of which one has no direction. 2. An en- 
terprise of hazard ; a bold undertaking. 3. That which 
is put to hazard. 

AD-VENT'URE, v. t. To risk, or hazard ; to put in the 
power of unforeseen events. 



16 ADV 

AD-VENT'URE, v. i. To dare ; to try the chance. 

AD-VENT'URED, pp. Put to hazard ; ventured ; risked. 

AD-VENT'UR ER, n. 1. One who hazards, or puts some, 
t'hing at risk. 2. One who seeks occasions of chance 
or attempts extraordinary enterprises. 

AD-VENT'URE-SOME, a. Bold ; daring ; incurring haz- 
ard. 

AD-VENT'URE-S6ME-NESS, n. The quality of being 
bold and venturesome. 

AD-VENT'UR-ING, ppr. Putting to risk ; hazarding. 

AD-VENT'UR-OUS, a. [Fr. aventureux.] 1. Inclined or 
willing to incur hazard ; bold to encounter danger ; dar- 
ing ; courageous ; enterprising. 2. Full of hazard ; at- 
tended with risk ; exposing to danger : requiring courage. 

AD-VENT'UR-OUS-LY, adv. Boldly ; d.aringly ; in a man- 
ner to incur hazard. 

AD-VENT'UR-OUS-NESS, n. The act or quality of being 
adventurous. 

AD'VERB, 71. [L. adverbium.] In grammar, a word used 
to modify the sense of a verb, participle, adjective or at- 
tribute, and usually placed near it; as, he writes well, 

AD-VERB'I-AL, a. Pertaining to an adverb. 

AD-VERB'I-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of an adverb. 

t AD-VERS^A-BLE, a. Contrary to ; opposite to. 

AD-VER-Sa'RI-A, 71. [L. from adversus.] Among the an- 
cients, a book of accounts. A common-place book. 

AD'VER-SA-RY, ?i. 1. An enemy or foe ; one who has en- 
mity at heart. 2. An opponent or antagonist, as in a suit 
at law, or in single combat ; an opposing litigant. 

AD'VER-SA-RY, a. Opposed ; opposite to ; adverse. 

AD-VERS'A-TiVE, a. Noting some difference, contrarie- 
ty, or opposition. 

AD-VERS'A-TiVE, n. A word denoting contrariety or 
opposition. 

AD'VERSE, a. [L. adversus.] 1. Opposite ; opposing ; act- 
ing in a contrary direction ; conflicting •, counteracting 
2. Figuratively, opposing desire ; contrary to the wishes, 
or to supposed good ; hence, unfortunate ; calamitous , 
afflictive ; pernicious ; unprosperous. 

t AD-VERSE', (ad-vers') v. t. To oppose. Oower. 

AD'VERSE-LY, adv. In an adverse manner ; oppositely , 
unfortunately : unprosperously ; in a manner contrary to 
desire or success. 

AD'VERSE-NESS, n. Opposition ; unprosperousness. 

AD-VERS'I-TY, n. An event, or series of events, which 
oppose success or desire ; mbifortune ; calamity ; afflio- 
tion ; distress ; state of unhappiness. 

AD-VERT', V. i. [L. adverto.] To turn the mind or atten- 
tion to ; to regard, observe, or notice ; with to. 

t AD-VERT', V. t. To regard ; to advise. 

AD-VERT'ED, pp. Attended to ; regarded ; with to. 

AD-VERT'ENCE, ) n. A direction of the mind to ; atten- 

AD-YERT'EN-CY, \ tion ; notice ; regard ; considera- 
tion ; Iieedfulness. 

AD-VERT'ENT, a. Attentive ; heedful. 

AD-VERT'ING, ppr. Attending to; regarding; observing. 

AD-VER-TlSE', 7;. t. [Fr. avertir.] 1. To inform ; to give 
notice, advice or intelligence to, whether of a past or 
present event, or of something future. 2. To publish a 
notice of; to publish a written or printed account of. 

AD-VER-TlS'ED, (ad-ver-tizd') pp. Informed ; warned ; 
used of persons .- published ; made known ; used of things- 

* AD-VER'TlSE-MENT, n. Information ; admonition ; 
notice given. More generally, a publication intended to 
give notice. 

AD-VER-TiS'ER, n. One who advertises.— This title is 
often given to public prints. 

AD-VER-TiS'ING, ppr. J. Informing; giving notice; 
publishing notice. 2. a. Furnishing advertisements ; as, 
advertising customers. 

AD- VICE', 71. [Fr. avis.] 1. Counsel ; an opinion recom- 
mended, or offered, as worthy to be followed. 2. Pru 
dence ; deliberate consideration. 3. Information ; notice ; 
intcHigence. 

AD-VlCE'-BOAT, n. A vessel employed to carry dis 
patches or information. 

t AD-VIG'I-LATE, v. t. To watch. 

AD-Vl'SA-BLE, a. [See Advise.] 1. Proper to be advised ; 
prudent ; expedient ; proper to be done or practiced 
2. Open to advice. South. 

AD-Vl'SA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being advisable 
or expedient. 

AD-VlSE', V. t. [Fr. aviser.] 1. To give counsel to ; to 
offer an opinion, as worthy or expedient to be followed. 
2, To give information ; to communicate notice ; to make 
acquainted with. 

AD- VISE', V. i. To deliberate, weigh well, or consider. 

AD-VTS'ED, (ad-vizd') pp. 1. Informed ; counseled ; also, 
cautious ; prudent ; acting with deliberation. 2. Done, 
formed, or taken with advice or deliberation ; intended. 

AD-VTS'ED-LY, adv. With deliberation or advice ; heed- 
fully ; purposely ; by design. 

AD-VTS'ED-NESS, n. Deliberate consideration ; prudent 
procedure. 



* See Synopsis. S, g, I, 0, XJ, % long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE. BIRD ;— t Obsolete 



AER 



17 



AJbF 



AD-VISE'MENT, n. 1. Counsel ; information ; circum- 
spection. 2. Consultation. Mass. Reports. 

AD-VIS'ER, n. One who gives advice or admonition ; also, 
in a bad sense, one who instigates. 

AD-VlS,'lNG,ppr. Giving counsel. 

AD-VIS'ING, n. Advice ; counsel. Skak. 

J AD-VI'SO, n. Advice ; consideration. 

AD-VI'SO-RY, a. 1. Having power to advise. Madison. 2, 
Containing advice. 

AD'VO-€A-CY, n. The act of pleading for ; intercession. 
Brown. 2. Judicial pleading ; law-suit. Chaucer. 

AD'VO-€ATE, n. [L. advocatus.] 1. One who pleads the 
cause of another before any tribunal or judicial court. 2. 
One who defends, vindicates, or espouses a cause, by ar- 
gument j one who is friendly to ; as, an advocate for peace. 
— In Scripture, Chilst is called an .Advocate for his people. 
— Faculty of advocates, in Scotland, is a society of emi- 
nent lawyers, consisting of about 200, who practic-3 in the 
highest courts. — Judge advocate, in courts martial , a per- 
son who manages the prosecution. 

AD'VO-€ATE, v. t. To plead in favor of ; to defend by ar- 
gument, before a tribunal ; to support or vindicate. Mil- 
ton. Mackenzie. Mitford. 

AD' VO-€ A TED, pp. Defended by argument ; vindicated. 

AD'VO-€A-T£SS, n. A female advocate. 

AD' VO-C A-TING, ppr. Supporting by reasons ; defending -, 
maintaining. 

AD-V0-€a'T10N, n. A pleading for ; plea ; apology. 

t AD-VO-Ea'TION, n. A flying to something. 

t AD-VO-LU'TION, n. The act of rolling to something. 

AD-VOU'TRER, n. An adulterer. 

AD-VOU'TRESS, n. An adulteress. Bacon. 

fAD-VOUTROUS, a. Adulterous. 

AD-VOU'TRY, n. Adultery. \Little used.] Bacon. 

AD-VOW-EE', n. 1. He that has the right of advowson. 
3. The advocate of a church, or religious house. 

AD-VOW'SON, n. [Norm, avoerie, or avoeson.] In English 
law, a right of presentation to a vacant benefice ; or, a 
right of nominating a person to officiate in a vacant church 
Blackstone. 

AD-VOY'ER, or A-VOY'ER, n. [old Fr. advoes.] A chief 
magistrate of a town or canton in Switzerland. 

A'DY, n. The ahanga, or Thernel's restorative ; a species 
of palm-tree, in the West Indies. 

ADZ, n. [Sax. adcse ; formerly written in Eng. addice.] An 
iron instrument having an arching blade athwart the 
handle. 

i9il. A diphthong in the Latin language •, used also by the 
Saxon writers. It answers to the Gr. ai. The Sax. w 
has been changed into e or ea. In derivatives from the 
learned languages, it is mostly superseded by e, and con- 
venience seems to require it to be wholly rejected in an- 
glicized words. For such words as may be found with 
this initial combination, the reader will therefore search 
under the letter E. 

JED, cd, ead, syllables found in names from the Saxon, sig- 
nify happy ; as, Eadric, happy kingdom ; Edward, pros- 
perous watch. Oibson. 

^'DlLE, n. [Lat.] In ancient Rome, an officer who had the 
care of the public buildings, &c. 

yE 61- LOPS, n. [Gr. atytXwi/'.] A tumor in the corner of 
the eye, and a plant so called. 

.^'GIS, n. [Gr. aiyig.] A shield, or defensive armor. 

^G'LOGUE, (eg'-log) n. A pastoral. 

^-6YP-TFA-€UM, n. An ointment. 

Mh, al, alh, or eal, in Saxon, Eng, all, are seen in many 
names ; as in .Mlfred, Alfred, all peace. Oibson. 

MhF seems to be one form of help, but more generally 
written elph, or ulph ; as in .Mlfwin, victorious aid. Oib- 
son. 

^'O-LIST, 71. [L. ^olus.] A pretender to inspiration. 

A'E-RATE, V. t. To combine with carbonic acid, formerly 
called fixed air. 

A'E-RA-TED, pp. Combined with carbonic acid. 

a'E-RA-TING, ppr. Combining with carbonic acid. 

a-E-Ra'TION, n. The act or operation of combining with 
carbonic acid. 

A-E'RI-AL, a. [L. aerius.] 1. Belonging to the air or at- 
mosphere. 2. Consisting of air 5 partaking of the nature 
of air. 3. Produced by air. 4. Inhabiting, or frequent- 
ing the air. 5. Placed in the air ; high •, lofty ; ele- 
vated. 

A-ic'RI-ANS, 71. In church history, a branch of Arians, so 
c..lled from Aerius. 

* A ERIE, 71. [W. cryr.] The ne^t of a fowl, as of an eagle 
o hawk; a_covey of birds. Shak. 

a-ER-1-FI-€a'TI0N, n. The act of combining air with ; 
tho state of being filled with air 2 The act of becom- 
ing air, or of changing into an aeriform state ; the state 
of being aeriform. Fourcroy. 

A'ER-I-FlED, pp. Having air infused, or combined with.- 

A'ER-I-FORM, a [L. aer and forma.] Having the form 
or nature of air, or of an elastic, invisible fluid. 



a'ER-I-FY, v. t. To infuse air into ; to fill with air, or to 
combine air with. 

A-ER-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. ari^ and yjja^w.] A description 
of the air or atmosphere ; but aerology is chiefly used 

A'ER-0-LlTE, n. [Gr. atj^ and \iBoi.] A stone falling from 
the air, or atmospheric regions ; a meteoric stone. 

A-ER-0-LOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to aerology. 

A-EPt-OL'O-GlST, 71. One wlio is versed in aerology. 

A-ER-OL'0-GY. n. [Gr. ar/p and \oyoi.] A description of 
the air ; that branch of philosophy which treats of the air 

A'ER-O-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. ar?p and //avraa.] Divination by 
means of the air and winds. {Little used.] 

A-ER-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. arj^ and fxtT^ov.] An instmment 
for weighing air, or for ascertaining the mean bulk of 
gases. 

A-ER-OM'E-TRY, n. The science of measuring the air ; 
the art or science of ascertaining the mean bulk of the 
gases. 

A'ER-0-NAUT, n. [Gr. a>?p and vavrris.] One who sails or 
floats in the air ; an aerial navigator. Burke. 

A-ER-0-NAUT'I€, a. Sailing or floating in the air 5 per- 
taining to aerial sailing. 

A-ER-0-NAUT'I€S, n. The doctrine, science, or art of 
sailing in the air by means of a balloon. 

A'ER-O-NAUT-ISM, n. The practice of ascending and 
floating in the atmosphere, in balloons. Journ. of Science. 

A-ER-OS'€0-PY, 71. [Gr. arip and oKe-moiiai.] The observa- 
tion of the air. [Little used.] 

A'ER-0-STAT, 71. [Gr, an^ and oraroj,] A machine or ve& 

_ sel sustaining weights in the air. 

A-ER-OS-TAT'I€, a. Suspending in air ; pertaining to the 
art of aerial navigation, 

A-ER-GS-Ta'TION, ?(. 1. Aerial navigation ; the science 
of raising, suspending, and guiding machines in the air. 

_ Adams. 2. The science of weighing air. 

a'ER-Y-LiGHT, in Milton, light as air ; used for dirv 
light. 

A-FaR', adv. [a and far.] 1. At a distance in place ; to 
or from a distance. — 2. In Scripture, figuratively, esh'an- 
ged m aflection ; alienated. 3. Absent j net assisting. 

t A-FeARD^, a. [Sax. aferan.] Afraid ; affected with fear 

_ or apprehension. 

A FER, n. [L.] The south-west wind. 

AF'FA, 71, A weight used on the Guinea coast. 

AF-PA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being aff'able •, readi- 
ness to converse ; civility and courteousness in receiving 
others, and in conversation ; condescension in manners. 

AF'FA-BLE, a. [L, affabilis.] 1, Easy of conversation ; 
admitting others to free conversation without reserve ; 
courteous ; complaisant ; of easy manners ; condescend- 
ing ; usually applied to superiors, 2. Applied to external 
appearance, affable denotes that combination of features, 
which invites to conversation, and renders a person ac- 
cessible ; opposed to a forbidding aspect ; mild ; benign ; 
as, an affable countenance. 

AF'FA-BLE-NESS, n. Affability. 

AF'FA-BLY, adv. In an affable manner ; courteously ; in- 
vitingly. 

t AF'FA-BROUS, a. Skilfully made. 

AF-FaIR', n. [Fr, affaire.] 1. Business of any kind ; that 
which is done, or is to be done. In the plural, it denotes 
transactions in general ; as, human affairs. 2. Matters ; 
state ; condition of business or concerns. 3. In the sin- 
gular, it is used for a private dispute or duel, or a partial 
engagement of troops. 

t AF-FAM'ISH, V. t. [Fr. affamir 1 To starve. 

t AF-FAM'ISH-MENT, n. Starvation, 

AF-FeAR'. See Affeer, 

AF-FECT', V. t. [L. afflcio, affectum.] 1. To act upon ; to 
produce an effect or change upon. 2. To act upon, or 
move the passions. 3. To aim at ; aspire to ; desire or 
entertain pretension to. 4. To tend to by natural affin- 
ity or disposition. 5. To love, or regard with fondness. 
6. To make a show of ; to attempt to imitate, in a man- 
ner not natural ; to study the appearance of what is not 
natural, or real. 

AF-FE€-Ta'TION, n. [L. affectatio.] 1. An attempt to 
assume or exhibit v/hat is not natural or real ; false pre- 
tense ; artificial appearance, or show. 2. Fondness ; af- 
fection. [JVot used.] Hooker. 

AF-FE€T'ED, pp. 1. Impressed ; moved, or touched, either 
in person or in interest ; having suffered some change by 
external force, loss, danger, and the like. 2. Touched in 
the feelings ; having the feelings excited. 3, Having the 
passions moved.— 1. a. Inclined, or disposed ; followed 
by to. 2. Given to false show ; assuming, or pretend- 
ing to possess what is not natural or real. 3. Assumed 
artificially ; not natural. 

AF-FECT ED-LY, adv. In an affected manner ; hypocriti- 
cally ; with more show than reality ; formally ; studious- 
ly ; unnaturally. ^ . j <• 

AF-FE€T'ED-NESS, n. The quality of being affected : af- 
fectation. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, D6VE -.—BULL.UNITE 
2* ■■ 



-€ as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z , CH as SH ; TH as in this, f OSaolete 



AFF 



18 AFF 



Ai -FiiCTilNG J ppr. 1. Impressing 5 having an effect on ; 
touching the feelings ; moving the passions ; attempting 
a false show ; greatly desiring ; aspiring to possess. — 2. a. 
Having power to excite, or move the passions ; tending 
to move the affections ; pathetic. 

AF-FE€T'1NG-LY, adv. In an affecting manner; in a 
manner to excite emotions. 

AF-FEe'TION, 71. 1. The state of being affected. [Little 
iLsed.] 2. Passion. 3. A bent of mind towards a par- 
ticular object, holding a middle place between disposition, 
which is natural, and passion, which is excited by the 
presence of its exciting object. 4. A settled good will, 
love, or zealous attachment ; as, the affection of a parent 
for his child. 5. Desire ; inclination ; propensity, good or 
evil. 6. An attribute, quality or property, which is in- 
separable from its object; as, love, fear, and hope are 
affections of the mind. — 7. Among physicians, a disease, 
or any particular morbid state of the body ; as, a gouty 
affection. — 8. In ■painting, a lively representation of pas- 
sion, 

AF-FE€'TI0N-ATE, a. [Fr. affcctionne.] 1. Having great 
love, or affection ; fond. 2. Warm in affection ; zealous. 
3. Proceeding from affection ; indicating love ; benevo- 
lent ; tender. 

AF-FEC'TION-ATE-LY, adv. With affection ; fondly ; 
tenderly ; kindly. 1 Thes. ii. 

AF-FECTION-ATE-NESS, 71. Fondness ; good will ; af- 
fection. 

AF-FE€'TK)NED, a. 1. Disposed ; having an affection 
of heart. Rom. xii. 2. Affected ; conceited. [Obs.] Shak 

t AF-FE€'TIOUS-LY, adv. In an affecting manner. 

AF-FE€T'1VE, a. That affects, or excites emotion ; suited 
to affect. [Little used.] 

AF-FE€T'I VE-LY, adv. In an affective or impressive man- 
ner. 

AF-FE€T'OR, or AF-FE€T'ER, n. One that affect? ; one 
that practices affectation. 

t AF-FEeT'U-OUS, a. Full of passion. Leland 

t AF-FE€-TU-OS'I-TY, n. Passionateness. 

t AF-FEER', V. t. [Fr. affi.er.. To confirm. 

AF-FEER', 1;. t. [Fr. afferer.] In law, to assess or reduce 
an arbitrary penalty or amercement to a precise sum. 
Blackstone. 

AF-FEER'ED, (af-feerd') pp. Moderated in sum ; assessed ; 
reduced to a certainty. 

AF-FEER'MENT, n. The act of affeering. 

AF-FEER'OR, ?i. One who affeers. Cowel. 

AF-FET-TU-O'SO, or CON AFFETTO, [It.] h\ music, a. 
direction to render notes soft and affecting, 

AF-Fl'ANCE, n. [Norm, affiaunce.] 1. The marriage con- 
tract or promise ; faith pledged. 2. Trust in general ; 
confidence: reliance. 

AF-Fl'ANCE, V. t. 1. To betroth , to pledge one's faith 
or fidelity in marriage, or to promise marriage. 2. To 
give confidence. Pope. 

AF-Fl'ANCED, pp. Pledged in marriage ; betrothed ; 
bound in faith. 

AF-Fl'AN-CER, n. One who makes a contract of marriage 
between parties. 

AF-Fl'AN-CING, ppr. Pledging in marriage ; promising 
fidelity, 

t AF-FI-dI^uS, I "• ^"^"^^^ contract. 

AFFIDa'VIT, 71. [an old law verb in the perfect tense ; he 

made oath.] A declaration upon oath ; a declaration in 

writing sworn to before a magistrate, 
t AF-Fl'ED, (af-flde') a. or part. Joined by contract ; afii- 

t AF-FILE', V. t. [Fr. affder.] To polish. Chaucer. 

AF-FIL'I-ATE, ?;. t. [Fv. affilier.] 1. To adopt •, to receive 
into a family as a son, 2. To receive into a society as a 
member, and initiate jn its mysteries, plans, or intrigues — 
a sense in which the word was much used in France, during 
the revolution. 

AF-FIL-I-A TION, n. Adoption ; association in the same 
family or society. 

AF'FI-NAGE, n. The refining of metals by coppel. 

t AF-FlN'ED. (af-find) a Joined by affinity, 

AF-FIN I-TY, 71. [L. affinitas.] 1. The relation contracted 
by marriage, between a husband and his wife's kindred, 
and between a wife and her husband's kindred ; in con- 
tradistinction from consanguinity. 2. Agreement ; rela- 
tion ; conformity ; resemblance ; connection.— 3. In chem- 
istry, attraction ; elective attraction, or that tendency 
which different species of matter have to unite, and com- 
bine with certain other bodies, and the power that disposes 
them to continue in combination. 

AF-FtRM', v.t. [L, affrmo.] 1. To assert positively ; to 
tell with confidence ; to aver ; to declare the existence of 
something ; to maintain as true ; opposed to deny. 2. To 
make firm ; to establish, confirm or ratify. [oath, 

AF-FiRM', V. i. To declare solemnly ; to declare as under 

AF-FiRM'A-BLE, a. That may be asserted or declared, 

AF-FiRM' A-BLY, adv. In a way capable of affirmation. 



AF-FiRM' ANCE, n. 1. Confirmation ; ratification. S 
Declaration : affirmation. [Little used.] 

AF-FIRM'ANT, n. One who affirms, 

AF-FiRM- a'TION, n. 1, The act of affirming or asserting 
as true. 2. That which is asserted ; position declared 
as true ; averment. 3. Confirmation ; ratification ; an 
establishing of Vv^hat had been before done or decreed. 4 
A solemn declaration made under the penalties of per- 
jury. 

AF-FiRM'A-TiVE, a. 1. That affirms, or asserts ; declar 
atory of what exists ; opposed to negative. 2. Confirm- 
ative ; ratifying. — 3. In algebra, positive. 4. Positive • 
dogmatic. \jObs.] Taylor. 

AF-FiRM' A-TlVE, n. That side of a question which affirms 
or maintains ; opposed to negative. 

AF-FiRM' A-TlVE-LY, adv. In an affirmative manner , 
positively ; on the affirmative side of a question. 

AF-FiRM ED, (af-furmd') pp. Declared ; asserted ; averred 5 
confirmed •, ratified. 

AF-FiRM'ER, n. One who affinns. 

AF-FIRM'ING, ppr. Asserting •, declaring positively ; con- 
firming, 

AF-FIX', V. t. [L, affigo, affixum.] 1, To unite at the end ; 
to subjoin, annex, or add at the close. 2, To attach 
unite, or connect with, 3, To fix or fasten in any manner 

AF'FIX, n. A syllable or letter added to the end of a word 

AF-FIX'ED, (af-fixf) pp. United at the end ; annexed 
attached, 

AF-FIX'ING, ppr. Uniting at the end ; subjoining ; attach- 
ing. 

AF-FIX'ION, n. The act of uniting at the end, or state of 
being so united. [Little used.] 

AF-FIXT'URE, n. That which is affixed. 

AF-FLa'TION, 71, [L. affio, affiatum.] A blowing or breath- 
ing on, 

AF-FLa'TUS, 71, [L,] 1, A breath or blast of wind. 2, 
Inspiration ; communication of divine knowledge, or the 
power of prophecy. 

AF-FLICT , V. t. [L. affiigo, affiicto.] 1. To give to the 
body or mind pain which is continued ; to grieve, or dis- 
tress. 2. To trouble ; to harass ; to distress. 

AF-FLICT ED, pp. Affected with continued or often re- 
peated pain, either of body or mind ; suffering grief or dis- 
tress of any kind, 

AF-FLI€T'ED-NESS, n. The state of being afflicted ; but 
superseded by affliction. 

AF-FLICT'ER, n. One who afflicts, 

AF-FLI€T'ING, ppr. Causing continued pain of body or 
mind •, grieving •, distressing. 

AF-FLI€T'ING, a. Grievous ; distressing. 

AF-FL1€T'ING-LY, adv. In an afflicting manner. 

AF-FLICTION, n. 1. The state of being afflicted ; a state 
of pain, distress, or grief. 2. The cause of continued pain 
of body or mind, as sickness, losses, calamity, adversity, 
I>ersecution. 

AF-FL1€T'IVE, a. Giving pain ; causing continued or re- 
peated pain or grief; painful ; distressing. 

AF-FLI€T'IVE-LY, adv. In a manner to give pain. 

AF'FLU-ENCE, n. [L, affluentia.] 1, Literally, a flowing 
to. [In this sense it is rarely used.] It is sometimes writ- 
ten affiuency. — 2, Figuratively, abundance of riches ; 
wealth, Rogers. 

AF'FLU-ENT, a. Flowing to ; more generally, wealthy ; 
abounding in goods or riches ; abundant. 

AF'FLU-ENT-LY, adv. In abundance ; abundantly. 

AF'FLUX, n. [L, affluxum.] The act of flowing to ; a 
flowing to, or that which flows to. 

AF-FLUX'ION, n. The act of flowing to ; that which 
flows to. 

AF'FO-RA<jE, n. [Fr. afforer.] In France, a certain duty 
paid to the lord of a district. 

t AF-FoRCE'MENT, n. In old charters, a fortress ; a forti- 
fication for defense. Cyc. 

AF-FORD', v.t. [ad, and the root of forth, further ^ G, 
fordern.] I. To yield or produce as fruit, profit, issues, or 
result, 2. To yield, grant or confer. 3. To be able to 
grant or sell with profit or without loss. 4. To be able 
to expend without injury to one's estate. 

AF-FoRD'ED, pp. Yielded as fruit, produce or result ; 
sold_with5ut loss or with profit, 

AF-FoRD'ING, p;)r. Yielding; producing; selling without 
loss ; bearing expenses, 

t AF-FoRD'MENT, n. Grant ; donation. Lord 

AF-FOR'EST, v. t. To convert ground into rorest. 

A F-FOR-ES-T A'TION, 71, The act of turning ground into 
forest or wood-land. 

AF-FOR'EST-ED, pp. Converted into forest. 

AF-FOR'EST-ING, ppr. Converting into forest. 

AF-FRAN'CHISE, v. t. To make free. 

AF-FRAN'CHiSE-MENT, n. The act of making free, o» 
liberating. [Little used.] 

t AF-FRAP', V. t. and i. [Fr. frapper.] To strike, 

JAF-FRaY', v.t. [Fr. effrayer.] To fright; to terrify 
Spenser. To be put in doubt. 



* See Synopsis. A, K, I, o, tj, Y, lonff ■ FAR, FALL, WHAT j— FRfiY ;— PIN, MARiNE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete 



AFR 



AFT 



AF-FRaY', ) n. [Fr. affrayer.] 1. Inlaw, the figlit- 

AF-FRaY'MENT, ) ing of two or more persons, in a 
public place to the terror of others. Blackstone. 2. A 
petty fight ; tumult ; disturbance. 

AF-FKEIGHT', (af-frate') v. t. To hire a ship for the trans- 
portation of goods or freight. 

AF-FRElGHT'ED,jpj?. Hired for transporting goods. 

AF-FREIGHT ER, n. The person who hires or charters a 
ship or other vessel to convey goods. Walsh. 

AF-FREIGHT'MENT, n. The act of hiring a ship for the 
transportation of goods. Amer. Rev. 

t AF-FRET', 71. [It. affrettare.] A furious onset, or attack. 
Spenser. 

t AF-FRIOTION, n. The act of rubbing. BoT/le. 

t AF-FRIEND'ED, (af-frend'ed) a. Made friends ; recon- 
ci.ed. Spensei-. 

AF-FRiGHT', (af-frite ) v. t. [Sax. frihtan.] To impress 
with sudden fear ; to frighten ; to terrify or alarm. 

AF-FRlGHT', (af-fflte') n. Sudden or great fear ; terror ; 
also, the cause of terror ; a frightful object. 

AF-FRIGHT'ED, pp. Suddenly alarmed with fear ; ter- 
rified. 

AF-FRlGHT'ED-LY, adv. Under the impression of fear. 

AF-FRlGHT'ER, n. One who frightens. 

AF-FRlGHT'FUL, a. Terrifying; terrible; that may ex- 
cite great fear ; dreadful. 

AF-FRiGHT'ING, ppr. Impressing sudden fear ; terrifying. 

AF-FRlGHT'MENT, n. Affright ; terror ; the state of be- 
ing frightened. [Rarely used. In common discourse, the 
use of this loord, in all its forms, is superseded by fright, 
frighted, frightful.] 

AF-FRoNT', V. t. [Fr. affronter.'] 1. Literally, to meet or 
encounter face to face, in a good or bad sense. Obs. 2. 
To offer abuse to the face ; to insult, dare or brave open- 
ly ; to offer abuse or insult in any manner, by words or 
actions. 3. To abuse, or give cause of offense to, witliout 
Deing present with the person •, to make slightly angry. 

AF-FR6NT', n. Opposition to the face ; open defiance ; 
encounter. Ohs. 2. Ill treatment ; abuse ; any thing re- 
proachful or contemptuous, that excites or justifies resent- 
ment. 3. Shame ; disgrace. \_J\rot usual.] — 'it. In popular 
language, slight resentment ; displeasure. 

AF-FR6NT'ED,ppr. 1. Opposed, face to face ; dared ; de- 
fied ; abused. 2. In popular language, offended ; slightly 
angry at ill treatment, by words or actions ; displeased. 

AF-FR6NT-EE', a. In heraldry, front to front ; an epi- 
thet given to animals that face each other. 

AF-FR6NT'ER, n. One that affronts. 

AF-FR6NT'ING, ppr. Opposing, face to face ; defying ; 
abusing ; offering abuse, or any cause of displeasure. 

AF-FR6NT'ING, a. Contumelious ; abusive. 

AF-FR6NT'IVE, a. Giving offense ; tending to offend ; 
abusive. 

AF-FR6NT'IVE-NESS, n. The quality that gives offense. 
[Little used.] 

AF-FCSE', V. t. [L. affundo, affusum.] To pour upon ; to 
sprinkle, as with a liquid. 

AF-FuS'ED, (af-fuzd') pp. Sprinkled with a liquid ; sprin- 
kledon ; having a liquid poured upon. 

AF-Fu'SING, i)pr. Pouring upon, or sprinkling. 

AF-Fu'SION, (af-fu'-zhun) n. The act of pouring upon, or 
sprinkling with a liquid substance, as water upon a dis- 
easedbody, or upon a child in baptism. 

fAF-FY', v.t. ['Fr.affi.er.] To betroth ; to bind or join. 

t AF-FY', v. t. To trust or confide in. 

A-FIELD', (a-feeld') adv. To the field. Milton. 

A-FiRE', adv. On fire. Gower. 

A-FLAT', adv. Level with the ground. Bacon. 

A-FLoAT', adv. or a. 1. Borne on the water ; floating ; 
swimming. 2. Moving ; passing from place to place. 3. 
Unfixed ; moving without guide or control. 

A-FOOT', adv. 1. On foot ; borne by the feet ; opposed to 
riding. 2. In action ; in a state of being planned for ex- 
ecution ; as, a design is afoot or on foot. 

A-FoRE', adv. or prep. 1. In front. 2. Between one ob- 
ject and another, so as to intercept a direct view or inter- 
course. 3. Prior in time ; before ; anterior. In all these 
senses it is now inelegant, and superseded by before. — 
4. In seamen^s language, toward the head of the ship •, 
further forward, or nearer the stem ; eis, afore the wind- 

A -FOREiGO-ING, a. Going before. 

A-FoRE'HAND, adv. 1. In time previous ; by previous 

provision. 2. a. Prepared •, previously provided ; as, to 

be aforehand in business. 
A-FoRE'MEN-TIONED, a. Mentioned before in the same 

writing or discourse. Addison. 
A-FoRE'NAMED, a. Named before. Peacham. 
A-FoRE'SAID, a. Said or recited before, or in a preceding 

part. 
A-FoRE TIME, adv. In time past ; in a former time. 

Bible 
A-FOlll,i, adv. or a. Not free ; entangled. Columbiad. 
A FRAID', a. [the paiticiple of affray.] Impressed with 



fear or apprehension : fearful. This word expresses a 
less degree of fear than terrified oi frightened. 

A-FRESH', adv. Anew ; again ; recently ; after intermis- 
sion, 

AF'RI-€A, n. [qu. L. a neg. and frigus.] One of the fo<ii 
quarters or largest divisions of the globe. 

AF'Rie, 71. Africa. Shak. 

AF'RI-€AN ( '^^ Pertaining to Africa. 

AF'RI-€AN, n. A native of Africa. This name is given 
also to the African marygold. 

A-FRONT', adv. In front. Shale, 

AFT, a. or adv. TSax. aft, eft.] In seamen^s language, a 
word used to denote the stern of a ship ; towards the 
stern. Fore and aft is the whole length of a ship. 

aF'TER, a. [the comparative degree of aft.] 1. In ma- 
rine language, more aft, or towards the stern of the ship • 
as, the after sails. — 2. In common language, later in time ; 
as, an after period of life. Marshall. In this sense, the 
word is often combined with the following noun, as in 
afternoon. 

AF'TER, pre;>. 1. Behind in place. 2. Later in time ; as, 
after supper. 3. In pursuit of, that is, moving behind, 
following ; in search of. 4. In imitation of. 5. Accord- 
ing to. G. According to the direction and influence of. 

AF'TER, adv. Posterior ; later in time ; as, it was about the 
space of three hours after. — After is prefixed to many 
words, foiTOing compounds, but retaining its genuine 
signification. 

aF'TER-A€-€OUNT', n. A subsequent reckoning. 

AF'TER-A€T, n. A subsequent act. 

AF'TER-a-6ES, n. Later ages ; succeeding XmiQs.— After- 
age, in the singular, is not improper. Addison. 

AF'TER-ALL' is a plirase, signifying, when all has been 
considered, said or done ; at last ; in the final result. 
Pope. 

AF'TER-BAND, n. A future band. Milton. 

AF'TER-BiRTH, v.. The appendages of the fetus, called 
also seciindines. Wiseman. 

AF'TER-€LAP, n. An unexpected, subsequent event. 
Hubbard. 

aF'TER-€6M'ER, n. A successor. 

aF'TER-€oM'FORT, 71. Future comfort. Jonson. 

AF'TER-€0N'DU€T, n. Subsequent behavior. 

AFTER-€0N-VI€'TI0N, n. Future conviction. 

AF'TER-€0ST, n. Later cost ; expense after the execution 
of the main design. Mortimer. 

AF'TER-€oURSE, n. Future course. Brown. 

AF'TER-€RCP, 71. The second crop in the same year 
Mortimer. 

AFTER-DAYS, n. Future days. Con^reve. 

AF TER-eAT-AGE, n. Part of the mcrease of the same 
year. [Local.] Burn. 

AF'TER-EN-DEAV'OR, 71. An endeavor after the first or 
former effort. 

t AF'TER-E'S'E', v. t. To keep one in view. Shak 

AF'TER-GAME, n. A subsequent scheme, or expedient. 
Wotton. 

aF'TER-GUARD, 71. The seaman stationed on the poop of 
the ship, to attend the after-saDs. 

AF'TER-HOPE, 71. Future hope. Jonson. 

AF'TER-HCURS, n. Hours that follow. Shak. 

AF'TER-IG'NO-RANCE, 7?. Subsequent ignorance. 

AF'TER-INGS, n. The last milk that can be drawn from a 
cow •, strokings. Orose. 

AF'TER-KING, n. A succeeding king. Shuckford. 

AF'TER-LIFE, n. 1. Future life, or the life after this 
Drydcn. 2. A later period of life ; subseqtient life. 

AF'TER-LIV'ER, n. One who lives in succeeding times. 
Sidney. 

AF'TEil-LoVE, n. The second or later love. 

AF'TER-MAL'ICE, n. Succeeding malice. Dryden. 

AF'TER-MATH, n. A second crop of grass in the same 
season ; rowen. Holland. 

AF'TER-MOST, a. superl. In marine language, nearest 
the stern, opposed to foremost; also, hindmost. 

AF'TER-NOON, n. The part of the day which follows 
noon, between noon and evening. 

AF'TER-PaINS, n. The pains which succeed child-birth. 

AF'TER-PART, n. The latter part.— In marine languaga, 
the part of a ship towards the stern. 

AFTER-PIeCE, n. A piece performed after a play ; a farces 
or other entertainment. 

AF'TER-PROOF, ti. Subsequent proof or evidence ; quali- 
ties knownVy subsequent experience. 

AF'TER-RE-PENT'ANCE, n. Subsequent repentance. 

AF'TER-RE-PORT', n. Subsequent report. South. 

AF'TER-SAILS, n. The sails on the mizen-mast and stays 
between the main and mizen-masts. 

AF'TER-STATE, n. The future state. Qlanville. 

AF'TER-STING, n. Subsequent sting. Herbert. 

AF'TER-STORM, n. A succeeding storm. . 

AF'TER-SUP'PER, n. The time between supper and gouig 
to bed. Shak. 



See Synopsis. M5VE, BOOK, D6VE ;~BULL. UNITE.— € as K , 6 as J ; S as Z 3 CH as SH ; TH aa in this f Ob8olU$. 



AGE 



20 



AGG 



XF'TLR -SWARM, n A swarm of bees which leaves the 

hive after the first. 
&F'TER-TAST£, n. A taste w.iich succeeds eating and 



drinking. 
AF'TER-THOUGHT, ?!. Reflections after an act; 



later 



thought, or expedient occurring too late. 

AF'TER-TIME, ?i. Succeeding time. Dryden. 

?LF'TER-TOSS ING, n. The swell or agitation of the sea 
after a storm. Addison. 

X'PJT'EK WART) ) 

XT'TER- WARDS °'^'"' ^" ^^^^^ ^^ subsequent time. 

AF'TER-WISE, a. Wise afterwards or too late. 

AF'TER-WIT, n. Subsequent wit ; wisdom that comes too 
late. L^EstrauffE 

AE'TeR-WRATH, 71. Later wrath ; anger after the provo- 
cation has ceased. Shak. 

AF'TER-WRI'TER, 71. A succeeding writer. 

A GA, n In the Turkish domirdons, a commander or chief 
officer. 

♦A-GAIN', (a-gen') adv. [Sax. gean,agen, agean, ongean.] 
1. A second time ; once more. 2. It notes something fur- 
ther, or additional to one or more particulars. — igain and 
again, often ; with frequent repetition. 

* A-GAINST', (a-gensf) prep. [Sax. togeanes.l 1. In oppo- 
sition ; noting enmity or disapprobation. 2. In opposition, 
noting contrariet}', contradiction, or repugnance. 3. In 
opposition, noting competition, or different sides or par- 
ties. 4. In an opposite direction. 5. Opposite in place ; 
abreast. 6. In opposition, noting adversity, injury, or 
contrariety to wishes. 7. Bearing upon. 8. In provision 
for : in preparation for. 

t AG'A-LAX-Y, 71. Want of milk. 

AG'AL-LOCH, ) n. Aloes-wood, the product of a tree 

A-GAL'LO-€HUM, ) growing in China, and some of the 
Indian isles. 

AG-AL-MAT'0-LITE, n. [Gr. aya\jxa and X(0os.] A name 
given by Klaproth to two varieties of the lard stone of 
China. 

T AG A-MIST, 7!. One that is unmarried. Coles. 

A-GAPE', adv. or a. Gaping, as with wonder, expecta- 
tion, or eager attention ; having the mouth wide open. 
Milton. 

AGA-PE, n. [Gr. ayairr].'] Araong the -primitive Christians, 
a love feast, or feast of charity. 

AGA-RIC, n. [Gr. aya^iKov.'] In botany, mushroom, a 
genus of funguses, containing numerous species. 

A-GaST', or A-GHAST', a. [qu. a contraction of agazed.] 
Struck with terror, or astonishment ; amazed ; struck si- 
lent with horror. 

t A-GaTE', adv. On the way ; going. 

AG' ATE, n. [Fr. agate.] A class of siliceous, semi-pellucid 
gems of many varieties, consisting of quartz-crystal, flint, 
horn-stone, chalcedony, amethyst, jasper, cornelian, heli- 
otrope, and jade. 

AG'ATE, n. An instrument used by gold-wire drawers, so 
called from the agate in the middle of it. 

AG'A-TINE, a. Pertaining to a^ate. 

AG'A-TINE, 71. A genus of shells, oval or oblong. 

AG'A-TlZED, a. Having the colored lines and figures of 
agate. Fourcroy. 

AG A-TY, a. Of the nature of agate. Woodward. 

A-Ga'VE, n. [Gr. ayavog.'] 1. The American aloe. 2. A 
genus of univalvular shells. 

t A-GaZE', v. t. To strike with amazement. 

t A-GaZ'ED, (a-gazd') pp. Struck with amazement. 

AGE, n. [Fr. age.] 1. The whole duration of a being, 
whether animal, vegetable, or other kind, 2. That part 
of the duration of a being, which is between its beginning 
and any given time. 3. The latter part of life, or long 
continued duration ; oldness. 4. A certain period of hu- 
man life, marked by a difference of state. 5. The period 
when a person is enabled by law to do certain acts for 
himself, or when he ceases to be controlled bv parents 
or guardians ; as, in our countiy, both males and females 
are of age at twenty-one years old. 6. Mature years ; 
ripeness of strength or discretion. 7. The time of life for 
conceiving children. 8. A particular period of time, as 
distinguished from others ; as, the golden age. 9. The 
people who live at a particular period ; hence, a genera- 
tion and a succession of ger.^i ations ; as, ages yet unborn. 
10. A century ; the period of one hundred'years. 

A'6ED, a. 1. Old ; having lived long ; having lived almost 
the usual time allotted to that species of being ; applied 
to animals or plants. 2. Having a certain age: having 
lived ; as, a man aaed forty vears. 

a'GED, H. Old persons. 

a'6ED-LY, adv After the manner of an aged person. 

t A-GEN', for again. 

a'6EN-CY, 7?. [L. agens.] 1. The quality of moving or of 
exerting power ; the state of being in action ; action ; op- 
eration ; instrumentality ; as, the agency of Providence in 
the natural world. 2. The ofiice of an agent, or factor ; busi- 
ness of an agent intrusted with the concerns of another. 



AG'END, A-GEND'UM, n. Matter relating to the service of 
the church. 

A-<5END'A, n. [L. things to be done.] A memorandum- 
book ; the service or office of a church ; a ritual or lit- 
urgy. 

a'GENT, a. Acting ; opposed to patient ; as, the body 
aa-ent. [Little used.] Bacon. 

A'GfeNT, 71. 1. An actoi ; one that exerts power, or has the 
power to act. 2. An active power or cause ; that which 
has the power to produce an effect. 3. A substitute, dep- 
uty, or factor ; one entrusted with the business of another ; 
an at torney ; a minister. 

t A GENT-SHIP, 71. The office of an agent. We now use 
agency. 

t AG-6EL-a'TI0N, n [L. gelu.] Concretion of a fluid. 
Brown. 

t AG-6EN-ER-A TION, n. [L. ad and generatio.] The 
state of growing to another. Brown. 

f AG'GER, n. [L.] A fortress, or mound. Hearne. 

t AG'GER-ATE, v. t. [L. aggero.] To heap, 

AG-GER-a'TION, 71. A heaping ; accumulation. Ray. 

t AG-GER-oSE', a. Full of heaps. 

AG-GLOM'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. agglomero.] To wind, 01 
collect into a ball ', to gather into a mass. 

AG-GLOM'ER-ATE, v. i. To gather, grow, or collect into 
a ball or mass. Thomson. 

AG-GLOM'ER-A-TED, pp. Wound or collected into a ball. 

AG-GLOM'ER-A-TING, ppr. Winding into a ball ; gather- 
ing into a lump. 

AG-GLOM-ER-a'TION, n. The act of winding into a ball ; 
the state of being gathered into a ball or mass, 

AG-GLu'TI-NANT, n. Any viscous substance which unites 
otlier substances by causing an adhesion 5 any application 
which tends to unite parts which have too little adhesion 
Coxe._ 

AG-GLu'TI-NANT, a. Uniting as glue ; tending to cause 
adhesion. 

AG-GLu'TI-NATE, v. t. [L,. agglutino.] To unite, or cause 
to adhere, as with glue ; to unite by causing an adhesion 
of substances. 

AG-GLtJ'TI-NA-TED, pp. Glued together. 

AG-GLu'TI-NA-TING, ppr. Gluing together j uniting by 
causing adhesion. 

AG-GLU-TI-Na'TION, 7!. The act of uniting by glue or 
other tenacious substance ; the state of being thus united. 

AG-GLu'TI-NA-TiVE, a. That tends to unite, or has pow- 
er to cause adhesion. 

t AG-GRaCF', v. t. To favor. Spenser. 

f AG-GRaCE', 71. Kindness ; favor. Spenser. 

AG-GRAN-DI-Za'TION, n. The act of aggrandizing. 

AG'GRAN-DiZE, v. t. [Fr. agrandir.] 1. To make great 
or greater in power, rank, or honor ; to exalt. 2. To en- 
large, applied to things. 

AG'GRAN-DlZED, pp. Made great or greater 5 exalted ; 
enlarged, 

* AG-GRAN'DiZE-MENT, v. The act of aggrandizing ; 
the state of being exalted in power, rank, or honor ; ex- 
altation ; enlargement. 

AG'GRAN-Di-ZER, n. One that aggrandizes or exalts in 
power, rank, or honor. 

AG'GRAN-Dl-ZING, ppr. Making great ; exalting •, en- 
larging. 

t AG-GRaTE', v. t. [It.] To please. Spenser. 

t AG'GRA-VA-BLE, a. Making a thing worse. 

AG'GRA-VATE, v. t. [L. aggravo.] 1, To make heavy, 
but not used in this literal sense. Figuratively, to make 
worse, more severe, or less tolerable. 2. To make more 
enormous, or less excusable. 3. To exaggerate. 4. To 
give coloring in description ; to give an exaggerated rep- 
resentation. 

AG'GRA VA-TED, pp. Increased in severity or enormity ; 
made worse ; exaggerated. 

AG'GRA-VA-TING^ 777;r. Increasing in severity, enormity, 
or degree ; as evils, misfortunes, pain, punishment, 
crimes, guilt, &c. ; exaggerating. 

AG-GRA-Va'TION, n. 1. The act of making worse, used 
of evils, natural or moral -, the act of increasing severity 
or heinousness ; addition to that which is evil or improper 
2. Exaggerated representation, or heightened description 
of any thing wrong, improper, or unnatural. Addison. 

AG'GR'E-GATE, v.t. [L,. aggrego.] To bring together ; to 
collect particulars into a suni, niass, or body. 

AG'GRE-GATE, a. Formed by a collection of particulars in- 
to a whole mass or sum. 

AG'GRE-GATE, n. A sum, mass, or assemblage of particu- 
lars. 

AG'GRE-GA-TED, pp. Collected into a sum, mass, or sys- 
tem, 

AG'GRE-GATE-LY, adv. Collectively, 

AG'GRE-GA-TING, ppr. Collecting into a sum or mass. 

AG-GRE-Ga'TION, 77. 1. The act of aggregating ; the state 
of being collected into a sum or mass ; a collection of par- 
ticulars ; an aggregate. — 2. In chemistry, the affinity of 
aggregation is the power which causes homogeneous 



* S6«, Synopsis. A, E, I, 6, ©, "y, long— FAR, FALL, WHAT j-PRgY ;— PIN, MARtNE, BIRD ;- t Obsolete 



AGN 



21 



AGR 



oodies to tend towards each other, and to cohere, when 
united. 3. TJie union and coherence of bodies of the 
same nature. 

AG'GRE-GA-Tl VE, a. Taken together ; collective. 

AG'GRE-G A-TOR, n. He that collects into a whole or mass. 
Burton. 

AG-GRESS', V. i. [L. aggredior, aggressus.'\ To make a 
first attack ; to commit the first act of hostility or ofiense 5 
to begin a quarrel or controversy ; to assault first, or in- 
vade. 

t AG-GRESS', 71. Aggression. Hale. 

AG-GRESS'ING, jipr. Commencing hostility first ; making 

AG-GRESS'10N,*7i. The first attack, or act of hostility ; the 
first act of injury, or first act leading to war or contro- 
versy. 

AG-GRESS'IVE, a. Tending to aggress ; making the first 
attack. Clarkson. 

AG-GRESS'OR, n. The person who first attacks ; he who 
first commences hostility or a quarrel ; an assaulter ; an 
invader. 

AG-GRlK'VANCE, n. Oppression ; hardship ; injury 

AG-GRIeVE', v. t. 1. To give pain or sorrow ; to afflict. 
In this sense it is nearly superseded by grieve. 2. To bear 
hard upon ; to oppress or injure ; to vex or harass. 

t AG-GRIeVE', v. i. To mourn , to lament. 

AG-GRIEV'ED, (ag-greevd') pp. Pained ; afflicted ; civilly 
or politically oppressed. 

AG-GRIeV'ING, ppr. Afflicting ; iaigosing hardships on ; 
oppressing. 

AG-GR5UP', ) ??. «. [Sp. agnipar.] To bring together ; to 

AG-GROOP', \ group ; to collect many persons into a 
crowd, or many figures into a whole. 

AG-GRoUP'ED, ) , „,.„„„tn \ pp. Collected into a group 

AG-GROOP'ED, \ ^ag-gioopt ) | ^^ assemblage. 

A-GHAST', or, more correctly, Agast, a. or adv. Struck 
with amazement 5 stupified with sudden friglit or horror. 

AGILE, a. [Fr. agile.] Nimble; having the faculty of 
quick motion in the limbs ; apt or ready to move ; brisk ; 
active. 

AG'ILE-NESS, n Nimbleness ;, activity ; the faculty of 
moving the limbs quickly ; agility. 

A-6IL'I-TY, n. [L. agilitas.'] The power of moving the 
limbs quickly ; nimbleness ; briskness ; activity 5 quick- 
ness of motion. 

t A-6IL'L0-C(JM, n. Aloes- wood, Quincy. 

A 6I-O, n. [Ital. aggio.l 1. In commerce, the difierence be- 
tween bank notes and current coin. 2. Premium ; sum 
given above the nominal value. 

A-6IST', V. t. In laiD, to take the cattle of others to graze , 
to feed or pasture the cattle of others. 

A-6IST'MENT, n. The taking and feeding of other men's 
cattle in the king's forest, or on one's own land ; also, the 
price paid for such feeding. 

A-GIST'OR, or A6-IS-TA'TOR, n. An officer of the king's 
forest, who has the care of cattle agisted, and collects the 
money for the same. 

AGI-TA-BLE, a. That may be agitated, shaken, or dis- 
cussed. 

AG'I-TATE, V. t. [L. agito.] 1. To stir violently ; to put in 
motion ; to shake or move briskly. 2. To move or force 
into violent, irregular action. 3. To disturb, or excite in- 
to tumult. 4. To discuss ; to debate ; to controvert. 5. 
To consider on all sides ; to revolve in the mind, or view 
in all its aspects ; to contrive by mental deliberation. 

A6'I-TA-TED, pp. Tossed from side to side ; shaken ; mov- 
ed violently and irregularly ; disturbed ; discussed ; con- 
sidered. 

AG'I-TA-TING, ppr. Shaking ; moving with violence 5 dis- 
turbing ; disputing ; contriving. 

A6-I-Ta'TI0N, n. 1. The act of shaking ; the state of be- 
ing moved with violence, or with irregular action •, com- 
motion. 2. Disturbance of tranquility in the mind ; per- 

V turbation ; excitement of passion. 3. Discussion; exam- 
ination of a subject in controversy. 4. A state of being 
deliberated upon, with a view to contrivance, or plan to 
be adopted. 

AG-I-TA'TO, in music, denotes a broken style of perform- 
ance, adapted to awaken surprise or perturbation. 

\GI-T A-TOR, n. One who agitates ; also, an insurgent ; 
one who excites sedition or revolt. In CromwelVs time, 
certain officers, appointed by the army to manage their 
concerns, were called agitators. 

A.G'LET, or aIG'LET, n. [Fr. aiguillette.] 1. A tag of a 
point curved into the representation of an animal, gener- 
ally of a man ; a small plate of metal. — ^2. In botany, a 
pendant at the ends of the chives of flowers, as in the 
rose and tulip. 

AG'LET-BA-BY, n. A small image on the top of a lace. 
Shak. 

AG'MI-NAL, a. [L agmen.] Pertaining to an army or 
troop. [Little used.] 

AG'xVAIL, n. A disease of the nail ; a whitlow ; an inflam- 
mation round the nail. 



AG^NATE, a. fL. agnatus.] Related or akin by the father's 
side. 

AG 'NATE, n. Any male relation by the father's side, 
Encyc. 

AG-NAT'I€, a. Pertaining to descent by the male line of 
ancestors. Blackstone. 

AG-Na'TION, 71. Relation by the father's side only, or de- 
scent in the male line, distinct from cognation, which in- 
cludes descent in the male and female lines. 

AG'NEL, 71. [from agnus.] An ancient French coin, value 
twelve sols, six deniers. 

AG-NI"TI0N, 71. [L. agnitio.] Acknowledgment. [Little 



id.] Pearson. 

-NiZE , V. t. To acknowledge. Shak. 



tAG 

AG-NOM'I-NATE, v t. [L. agnomina.] To name. [LMle 
used.] 

AG-NOM-I-Na'TION, n. [L. agnomen.] 1. An additional 
name, or title ; a name added to another, as expressive of 
some act, achievement, &c, ; a surname. 2. Allusion of 
one word to another by sound. 

AGNUS €ASiTUS. A species of vitex, so called from ita 
imagined virtue of preserving chastity. 

AG'NUS De'I, [Latnb of Ood.] In the Romish church, a 
cake of wax stamped with the figure of a lamb, support- 
ing the banner of the cross. 

AG'NUS SCYTH'I-€US. [Scythian lamb.] A name appli- 
ed_to the roots of a species of fern. 

A-Go', adv. or a. [Sax. agan.] Past ; gone ; as, a year ago 

A-GOG', adv. [Fr. agogo ] In a state of desii-e ; highly ex- 
cited by eagerness after an object. 

A-Go'ING, In motion ; as, to set a mill agoing. 

t a'GON, n. [Gr.] The contest for the prize. 

A-GONW, pp. Ago ; past ; since. [JVearly obs.] 

AG'O-NISM, n. [Gr. aywvtff/^oj .] Contention for a prize. 

AG'0-NIST, n. One who contends for the prize in public 
games. Milton has used Asonistes in this sense. 

AG-0-NIST'I€, } a. Pertaining to prize-fighting, con- 

AG-0-NIST'I-€AL, \ tests of strength, or athletic combats 
Enfield. 

AG-0-NIST'I-CAL-LY, adv. In an agonistic manner ; like 
prize-fighting. 

AG'O-NIZE, V. i. [Gr. aywvi^o).] To writhe with extreme 
pain ;_to suffer violent anguish. Pope. 

AG'O-NiZE, V. t. To distress with extreme pain ; to tor- 
ture. Pope. 

AG'O-Nl-ZING, 7?pr. Suffering severe pain ; writhing with 
torture. 

AG'O-Nl-ZING-LY, adv. With extreme anguish. 

t AG-0-NO-THeTE', n. A judge of masteries in activity. 

t AG-0-N0-THET'I€, a. Presiding at public games. 

AG'O-NY, 7(. [Gr, aywv.] 1. In strictness, pain so extreme 
as to cause writhing or contortions of the body, similar to 
those made in the athletic contests in Greece. Hence, 
2. Extreme pain of body or mind ; anguish ; appropri 
ately, the pangs of death, and the sufferings of our Savior 
in the garden of Gethsemane. Luke xxii. 3. Violent con- • 
test or striving. Mm-e. 

1;A-GOOJ)<, adv. In earnest. Skak. 

A-GOU'TY, 7i. [qu, Sp, agudo.] A quadruped of the order 
rodeiitia, of the size of a rabbit, 

t A-GRAM'MA-TIST, 71, An illiterate man. 

A-GRa'RI-AN, a. [L. agrari^LS.] Relating to lands. Ap- 
propriately, denoting or pertaining to an equal division of 
lands ; as, the agrarian laws of Rome, which distributed 
the conquered and other public lands equally among all 
the citizens, 

A-GREE , 71. i. [Fr, agreer.] 1. To be of one mind ; to har- 
monize in opinion. 2. To live in concord, or without 
contention. 3. To yield assent ; to approve or admit ; fol- 
lowed by to. 4. To settle by stipulation, the minds of 
parties being agreed as to the terms. 5. To come to a 
compromise of differences ; to be reconciled. 6. To come 
to one opinion or mind ; to concur ; as, to agree on a place 
of meeting. 7. To be consistent ; to harmonize ; not to 
contradict, or be repugnant. 8. To resemble ; to be sim 
ilar. 9, To suit ; to be accommodated or adapted to. 

A-GREE', V. t. To admit, or come to one mind concerning , 
as, to agree the fact. Also, to reconcile or make friends ; 
to put an end to variance ; but these senses are unusual, 
and hardly legitimate. 

j A-GREE-A-BIL'I-TY, ??. Easiness of disposition. Chaucer 

A-GREE' A-BLE, a. ]. Suitable; conformable; con-espond 
ent ; consistent with, 2. In pursuance of; in conformity 
with. 3. Pleasing, either to the mind or senses ; as, agree- 
able manners. 

A-GREE'A-BLE-NESS, v. I , Suitableness ; conformity; 
consistency. 2. The quality of pleasing ; that quality 
which gives satisfaction or moderate pleasure to the mind 
or senses. 3. Resemblance ; likeness. Obs. 

A-GREE' A-BLY, adv. I. Pleasingly ; in an agreeable man- 
ner ; in a manner to give pleasure. 2. Suitably ; consist- 
ently ; conformably. 3. Alike ; in the same manner. Ob<t. 

A-GREED', pp. 1. Being in concord or harmony of opinion i 



* See Smopsis. Mf^VE BOOK, D6VE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CII as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



AHU 



22 



i)f one mind. 2. Assented to ; admitted. 3. Settled by 
consent ; implying bargain or contract. 

AGREE'ING,^^"*' Living in concord ; concurring ; assent- 
ing ; settling by consent. 

A-GREE'ING-LY, adv. In conformity to. [Little used.} 

r A-GREE'iNG-NESS, n. Consistency •, suitableness. 

4-GE,EE'MENT, n. I. Concord ; harmony ; conformity. 

2. Union ofopinions or sentiments. 3. Resemblance 5 con- 
formity 5 similitude. 4. Union of minds in regard to a 
transfer of interest ; bargain ; compact ; contract ; stipu- 
lation. 

\ A-GRES'TIAL, ) a. [L. agrestis.] Rural •, rustic ; per- 

A GRES'TIC, [ taining to fields or the country, in 

A-GRES'T1-€AL, ) opposition to the city ; unpolished. 

AGRI-€UL-TOR, n. One whose occupation is to till the 
ground ; a farmer ; a husbandman. 

AG-RI-€UL'TU-RAL, a. Pertaining to husbandry, tillage, 
or the culture of the earth. 

AG'RI-€UL-TURE, n. [L. ager, and cultura.] The culti- 
vation of the ground, for the purpose of producing vege- 
tables and fruits, for the use of man and beast ; the art of 
preparing the soil, sowing and planting seeds, dressing the 
plants, and removing the crops. 

AG-RI-CUL TU-RISM, 7i. The art or science of agriculture. 
[Little used.] 

AG-RI-€UL TU-RIST, n. One skilled in agriculture ; a 
skilful husbandman. 

AGRI-MO-NY, n. [I., argemonia.] A genus of plants, of 
several species. 

AG-RIP-PIN'I-ANS, n. In church history, the followers of 
Agrippinus, bishop of Carthage. Encyc. 

t A-GRISE', V. i. [Sax. agrisan.] To shiver. 

T A-GRiSE , V. t. To terrify ; also, to make frightful. 

a'GROM, 71. A disease frequent in Bengal. 

AG-RO-STEM'MA, n. A genus of plants. 

A-GROS'TIS, n. [Gr. aypuxms.] Bent grass. 

A-GROUND', adv. 1. On the ground ; a marine term, signi- 
fying that the bottom of a ship rests on the ground, for 
want of sutFicient depth of water. 2. Figuratively, stop- 
ped ; impeded by insuperable obstacles 

A-GUA-PE-€A'€A, n. The jacana, a Brazilian bird. 

iv'GUE, (a'gu) n [Sax. mge, oga, or hoga.] 1. The cold fit 
which precedes a fever,'or a paroxysm of fever in intermit- 
tents. It is accompanied with shivering. 2. Chilliness ; a 
chill, or state of shaking with cold, though in health. 3. It 
is used for a periodical fever, an intermittent, whether 
quotidian, tertian, or quartan. 

A GUE, V. t. To cause a shivering in ; to strike with a cold 
fit. Haywood. 

A'GUE-CAKE, n. A hard tumor on the left side of the bel- 
ly, lower than the false ribs. 

aGU-ED, a. Chilly ; having a fit of ague ; shivering with 
cold or fear. Shak. 

a'GUE-FIT, n. A paroxysm of cold, or shivering ; chilli- 

_ ness. 

A GUE-PROOF, a. Able to resist agues ; proof against 
agues, 

fA-GUERRY, V. t. [Fi. agxLerrir.] To inure to the hard- 
ships of war ; to instruct in the art of war 

A'GUE-SPELL, n. A charm or spell to cure or prevent ague. 
Oay. 

AGUE-STRUCK, a. Struck with ague. Hewyt. 

AGUE-TREE, w. A name sometimes applied to sassa- 
fras. _ 

t A-GUlSE V. t. To dress ; to adorn. Spenser. 

■JA-GUiSE n. Dress. More. 

a'GU-ISH, a. Chilly ; somewhat cold or shivering ; having 
the qualities of an ague. 

A GU-ISH-NESS,_n. Chilliness ; the quality of being aguish. 

A-GUIL-LA-NEuF', n. A form of rejoicing among the 
ancient Franks, on the first day of the year. 

S'GUL, 71 A species of the hedysaruni. 

AH. An exclamation, expressive of surprise, pity, complaint, 
contempt, dislike, joy, exultation, &c., according to the 
manner of utterance 

S.-HA'. 1. An exclamation expressing triumph, contempt, or 
simple siurprise ; but the senses are distinguished by very 
different modes of utterance, and different modifications 
of featureG. 2. n. A sunk fence, not visible, without near 
approach. Mason. 

A-HAN I-GER, n. A name of the gar-fish. 

A-HEAD', (a-hed') adv. 1. Further forward than another 
thing ; in front ; originally a sea term, denoting further 
forward than another ship. 2. Onward ; forward ; to- 
wards the point before the stem or head ; as, move ahead. 

3. Headlong ; precipitantly. L'Estrange. 

, A-HEIGHT', (a-hlte') adv. Aloft ; on high. 

A-HIC-CY-AT'LI, n. A poisonous serpent of Mexico 

t A-HIGH , adv. On high. 

J-A-HoLD', ado. Near the wind. Shak. 

AHOVAF, n. A poisonous species of plum. 

A-HOY^, ezcl. A sea term used in hailing. 

AHRIMAN. See Ariman. 

A-HJIT'LA, n. A worm found in the lake of Mexico. 



Alfi 

A-HUIT'ZOTE, 71. An amphibious quadruped of the trop 
ical climate of America, 

t A-HUNG'RY, a. Hungry. Shak. 

A'lA, n. A Brazilian fowl of the spoon-bill kind, and re 
sembling that bird in form and size. 

AI-CU'RUS, 71. A large and beautiful species of parrot. 

AID, V. t. [Fr. aider.] To help ; to assist 5 to support. 

AID, 71. 1. Help ; succor ; support ; assistance. 2. The per- 
son who aids or yields support ; a helper ; an auxiliary 

3. In English law, a subsidy or tax granted by parliament. 

4. An aid-de-camp, so called by abbreviation. 
aID'ANCE, 71. Aid ; help ; assistance. [Little used.] Shak. 
t aID'ANT, a. Helping ; helpful ; supplying aid. 
*aID'DE-€AMP, 71, In military affairs, an officer whose 

duty is to receive and communicate the orders of a gen- 
eral officer. [It is desirable that this word should be natu 
ralized, and no longer pronounced aid-de-cong.] 

aID'ED, pp. Assisted ; supported ; furnished with succor. 

aID'ER, 7i. One who helps ; an assistant, or auxiliary. 

AlD'ING,;;pr. Helping ; assisting. 

aID'LESS, a. Helpless ; without aid ; unsupported ; unde- 
fended. Shak. 

t aI'GRE, a. Sour. Craven dialect. 

Al'GRET, I n. I. In zoology, a name of the small white 

aI'GRETTE, \ heron.— 2. In botany. See Egret. 

aI'GU-LET, n. A point or tag, as at the ends of fringes 

_ See Aiglet. 

aIK'RAW, n. A name of a species of lichen, or moss. 

AIL, V. t. [Sax. eglian.] To trouble ; to affect with unea- 
siness, either of body or mind. 

AIL, 77. Indisposition, or morbid affection. 

AlL'ING, ppr. Diseased -, indisposed •, full of complaints. 

aIL'MENT, 71. Disease ; indisposition ; morbid affection of 
the body. 

AIM, V. i. [qu. Ir. oigham.] To point at with a missive 
weapon ; to direct the intention or purpose ; to attempt 
to reach, or accomplish ; to tend towards ; to endeavor ; 
followed by at. 

AIM, V. t. To direct or point as a weapon ; to direct to a 
particular object ; as, to aim a musket. 

AIM, n. 1. The pointing or direction of a missile weapon ; 
the direction of any thing to a particular point or object, 
with a view to strike or affect it. 2, The point intended 
to be hit, or object intended to be affected. 3. A purpose ; 
intention ; design •, scheme. 4. Conjecture ; guess. [JVo« 
used.] Spenser. 

AIMED, pp. Pointed ; directed ; intended to strike or af- 
fect, 

aIM'ER, 71. One that aims. 

aIM'ING, ppr. Pointing a weapon at an object •, directing 

_ any thing to an object ; intending ; purposing. 

aIM'LESS, a. Without aim. May. 

AIR, n. [Fr. air ; L, acr ; Gr. anp.] 1. The fluid which we 
breathe. Air is inodorous, invisible, insipid, colorless, 
elastic, possessed of gravity, easily moved, rarefied and 
condensed. Atmospheric air is a compound fluid, consist- 
ing of oxygen gas, and nitrogen or azote. The body of 
air surrounding the earth is called the atmosphere. 2, Air 
in motion ; a light breeze. 3. Vent ; utterance abroad ; 
publication ; publicity. 4. A tune •, a short soaig or piece 
of music adapted to words ; also, the peculiar modulation 
of the notes, which gives music its character ; as, a soft 
air. A song or piece of poetry for singing ; the leading 
part of a tune. 5. The peculiar look, appearance, manner 
or mien of a person. It is applied to manners or gestures, 
as well as to features. 6. Airs, in the plural, is used to de- 
note an affected manner, show of pride, haughtiness ; as, 
he puts on airs. — 7, In painting, that which expresses the 
life of action ; manner ; gesture ; attitude. 8. Any thing 
light or uncertain ; that is light as air. 9. Advice ; intel- 
ligence : information. [Ois.] Bacon. 

AIR, 7'. t. I. To expose to the air ; to give access to the 
open air 5 to ventilate ; as, to air a room. 2. To expose 
to heat ; to warm. 3. To dry by a fire j to expel damp- 
ness. 

AIR'A, 71. Hair grass, a genus of plants. 

AIR'-BAL-LOON. See Balloon. 

AIR'-BLAD-DER, n. A vesicle or cuticle filled with air , 
also, the bladder of a fish. 

AIR'-BORN, a. Born of the air. Congreve 

AIR'-BRA-VING, a. Braving the winds. Shak. 

AIR'-BUILT, a. Erected in the air ; having no solid foun- 
dation ; chimerical. 

AIR'-DRAWN, a. Drawn in air ; imaginary. Shak. 

AIRED, pp. Exposed to air ; cleansed by air ; heated or 
dried by exposure to a fire ; ventilated. 

AIR'ER, 71. One who exposes to the air. _, 

AIR'-GUN, n. A pneumatic engine, resembling a musket 
to discharge bullets by means of air. 

AIR'HOLD-ER, 7(. An instrument for holding air. 

AIR'-HOLE, 71. An opening to admit or disciiarge air. 

AIR'I-NESS, n. 1. Exposure to a free current of air •, open 
ness to the air. 2. Gayety ; levity. 

AIR'ING, ppr. Exposing to the air ; warming ; drying. 



See Synopsis A, £, I o U, ?, long -FAR, FALL, WHAT •,— PREY ;— FTN, M ARiNE, BIRD ;— j Obsdete. 



ALA 



23 



ALC 



AIR'ING, n. Ail exposure to the air, or to a fire, for warm- 
ing or drying ; also, a wallc or ride in the open air ; a 
short excursion. 

AIIl'-JACK-ET, 71. A leather jacket, to which are fastened 
bags or bladders filled with air. 

AIRLESS, a. Not open to a free current of air ; wanting 
fresh air, or communication with open air. 

Alii'LING, 71. A thoughtless, gay person. Jonson. 

AIR -PIPE, n. A pipe used to draw foul air from a ship's 
hold. 

AIR'-POISE, n. An instrument to measure the weight of 
the air, 

AIR'-PUMP, 71. A machine for exhausting the air of a ves- 

AIR'^A€S, 71. Air-bags in birds. 

AIR '-SHAFT, n. A passage for air into a mine. 

AIR '-STIR-RING, a. Putting the air in motion. 

AIR '-THREAD, 7t. A name given to the spider's webs, 
which are often seen floating in the air. 

AIR'-THREAT-EN-ING, a. Threatening the air ; lofty. 

AIR'-VES-SEL, 11. A spiral duct in plants, containing air. 

AIR'Y, a. I. Consisting of air. 2. Relating or belonging 
to air; high in air. 3. Open to a free current of air. 4. 
Light as air ; resembling air ; thin ; unsubstantial ; with- 
out solidity. 5 Without reality ; having no solid foun- 
dation ; vain ; trifling. 6. Gay ; sprightly ; full of viva- 
city and levity ; light of heart ; lively. 

AIR'Y, or a'ER-Y, 71. [See Aery.] Among sportsmen, the 
nest of the hawk or eagle. 

AIR'Y-FLY'ING, a. Flying like air. Thomson. 

AIR'Y-LIGHT, a. Light as air. 

AISH, n. Stubble. Grose. 

AISLE, or AILE, (He) n. [Fr. aile.\ The wing of a quire ; 
a walk in a church. 

AIT, orEYGHT, (ate) n. A small island in a river. 

AI-ZOON'j 71. [Sax. atzon.] A genus of plants 

A-JAR' adv. Half-opened. 

A-Ja'VA, n. The seed of a plant brought from Malabar. 

A-JU'GA, 71. Bugle, a genus of plants. Encyc. 

A-JtJ'RU-€A-TIN'GA, n. A species of American parrot. 

A-Jtr'RU-€U-RAU, n. An American parrot. 

A-Ju'RU-PA-RA, n. A small parrot of America. 

AJ'U-TAGE, or AD'JU-TAGE, n. [Fr.] A tube fitted to 
the mouth of a vessel. 

AKE, 7J. i., less properly written acke. [Sax. ace.] 1. To 
be in pain ; usually, in pain of some continuance. Shak. 
2. To feel distress of mind ; to be grieved. 

AKE, 71. Continued pain, less severe than is expressed by 
pang, agony, and torment •, as, the tooth-ake. 

a'KER, 71. [Gr. aypos ; L. agerj Sax. accr. The most 

the 
of land in the aker is fixed at 4840 square yards, making 
160 square rods, perclies, or poles. See Acre. 

A-KIN', a. 1. Related by blood, used of persons. 2. Al- 
lied by nature ; partaking of the same properties ; as, 
envy and jealousy are near akin. 

a'KING, ppr. Having continued pain ; suffering distress of 
mind, or grief. 

ASKING, n. Continued pain, or distress of mind. 

AL, in .Arabic, an adjective, or inseparable prefix, answer- 
ing to the Italian il, and Spanish el, and la. Its use is to 
render nouns definite, like the English the ; as, alkoran, 
the koran, or the book, by eminence ; alcove, alchimy, 
alembic, almanac, &c. 

AL, in English, is sometimes a contraction of the Saxon 
(sthel, noble, or illustrious. More generally, al, in com- 
position, is a contraction of aid, or alt, old, and it is pre- 
fixed to many names, as Mhurg. Sax. eald ; Germ, alt, 
old. 

AL, in the composition of Latin words, is written before I 
for ad, for the ease of pronunciation ; as, in allevo, al- 
ludo, for ad levo, ad ludo. 

AL'A-BAS-TER, n. [L. from Gr. aXa/Saorpov.] A sub- 
variety of carbonate of lime, found in large masses, form- 
ed by the deposition of calcareous particles in caverns of 
limestone rocks. Among the ancients, alabaster was also 
the name of a vessel, in which odoriferous liquors were 
kept ; so called from the stone of which it was made. 

AL'A-BAS-TER, a. Made of alabaster. 

A-LACK', exclam. An exclamation expressive of sorrow. 

A-LACK'A-DAY. An exclamation uttered to express regret 
or sorrow. 

rA-LAC'RI-OUS-LY, acZi;. Cheerfully. 

f A-LA€'RI-OUS-NESS, n. Briskness. 

A-LACRI-TY, n. [L. alacritas.] Cheerfulness •, gayety ; 
sprightliness ; a cheerful readiness or promptitude to do 
some act. 

A-LAD'I-NISTS, n. Free thinkers among the Mohamme- 
dans. 

AL'A-LITE, n A crystalized mineral ; diopside; a semi- 
transparent pyroxene. 

A-LA-Mi'RE', 71. The lowest note but one, in Guido Are- 
tine's scale of music. Johnson. 



lypos ; 

correct orthography is aker.] Originally, an open field. 
But in Oreat Britain and the United States, the quantity 



AL-A-MO-DAL'1-TY, n. Confonnity to the prevailing 
mode, or fashion of the times. Encyc. [Little used.] 

AL-A-MoDE', adv. [Fr. a la mode.] According to the 
fashion^ or prevailing mode. Whitlock. 

AL-A-MoDE', n. A thin, glossy silk for hoods, scarfs, &c 

A-LAND', adv. At, or on land. Sidney. 

A-LAN'TUm' ( "''^^' '^* ^ 'distance. Grose. Craven dialect 

A-LaRM', n. [Fr. alarme, alarmer.] 1. Any sound, out- 
cry, or information, intended to give notice of approach 
ing danger. 2. A summon to arms. 3. Sudden surprise 
with fear or terror. 4. Terror ; a sensation excited by an 
apprehension of danger.— 5. In fencing, an appeal or 
challenge. 

A-LARM', V. t. 1. To give notice of danger ; to rouse to 
vigilance. 2. To call to arms for defense. 3. To sur- 
prise with apprehension of danger ; to disturb with terror. 

A-LARM'-B£LL, 71. A bell that gives notice of danger. 

A-LARM ED, (a-larmd') pp. Notified of sudden danger; 
surprised with fear ; roused to vigilance or activity by 
apprehension of approaching danger. 

A-LARM'ING, ppr. Giving notice of approaching danger ; 
rousing to vigilance. 

A-LARM'lNG, a. Exciting apprehension ; terrifying ; 
awakening a sense of danger. 

A-LARM'ING-LY, adv. With alarm ; in a manner to excite 
apprehension. 

A-LARM'IST, 71. One that excites alarm. 

A-LARM'-POST, n. A place to which troops are to repair 
in case of an alarm. 

A-LARM'- WATCH, 7*. A watch that strikes the hour by 
regulated movement. Herbert. 

A-LAR'UM, for alarm, is a corruption. 

A-LASf, ezcl. [Dutch, helaas : Fr. helas.] An exclamation 
expressive of sorrow, grief, pity, concern, or apprehension 
of evil; sometimes followed by day or while; alas the 
day, like alack a day ; or alas the while, [Obs.] Spenser 
expressing an unhappy time. 

t A-LaTE', adv. Lately 

A-La'TED, a. [L. alatus. | Winged ; having dilatations 
like wings. Botany. 

AL'A-TERN, n. A name of a species of buckthorn. 

ALB, n. [L. albus.] A surplice or vestment of white linen, 
reaching to the feet. A Turkish coin. 

AL'BA-TROS, n. An aquatic fowl. 

AL-BE', ) [.Albeit is supposed to be a compound of all, 

AL-Be'IT. ) be, and it, and is equivalent to admit, or 
grant it all.] Be it so ; admit all that ; although ; not- 
withstanding. [JVow antiquated.] 

AL'BE-LEN, n. A fish of the trout kind. 

AL-BES'CENT, a. [L. albesco.] Becoming white, or rather 
whitish ; moderately white. 

AL'BI-€0RE, n [Port, albacor.] A marine fish, like a 
tunny. 

t AL-BI-FL€a'TI0N, 71. Making white. Chaucer. 

AL-BI-6EN'SES, AL-BE-6E0IS', n. A party of Reform- 
ers, who separated from the church of Rome, in the 12th 
century ; so called from the Albegeois, a small territory 
in France, where they resided. They are sometime'3 
confounded with the Waldenses. 

AL'BIN, n. [L. albus.] An opake, white mineral. 

AL-BI'NO, 7J. [L. albus.] A white descendant of black pa- 
rents, or a white person belonging to a race of blacks. A 
person unnaturally white. 

AL-BI'NOS, 71. A name signifying white men, given by the 
Portuguese to the white negroes of Africa. 

AL'BI-ON, n. An aiicient name of England, still used in 
poetry. 

AL-Bo'RA, n. A sort of itch, or rather leprosy. 

AL-Bo'RO, 71. A small red fish of the Mediterranean. 

AL-BU-6IN'E-0US, c. \Ij. albugo.] Pertaining to, or re- 
sembling the white of the eye, or of an egg. 

AL-Bu'GO, n. The white speck in the eye Also, a dis- 
easeof the eye. 

AL-Bu'LA, n. A species of tmttaceous fish. 

AL'BUM, 71. [L. albus.] 1. Among the Romans, a white 
table, board or register. 2. A book, in which foreigners 
or strangers insert autographs of celebrated persons, or in 
which friends insert pieces as memorials for each other. 

AL-Bu'MEN, 71. The white of an egg. 

AL-Bu'MIN-OUS, a. Pertaining to, or having the proper- 
ties of albumen. 
I AL'BURN, or AL-BURN'UM, n. [L. alMimum.] The 
I white and softer part of wood, between the inner bark 
I and the wood. In America, it is popularly called the 
sap. 

AL'BURN, n. [L. alburnus.] A fish called the bleak. 

AL'CA-HEST, or AL KA-HEST, n. [Arabic] A pretended 
universal dissolvent, or menstruum. See Alkahest. 

AL-Ca'1€, a. Pertaining to Alcaus, a lyric poet. 

AL-€a'I€S, 71. plu. Several kinds of verse, so called from 
Alcaeus, tlieir inventor. 

AL-€aID', n. [Sp. alcayde ; Port, alcaide.] Among the 
Moors, Spaniards, and Portuguese, a governor. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; as J ; « as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete, 



ALE 



24 



ALI 



AL-€AN'NA, n. [Arabic] A plant ; and a powder, pre- 
pared from the leaves of the Egyptian privet. 

AL'€A-TRAZ, n. A pelican. 

A.L-€A-VA'LA, 71. In Spain, a tax on every transfer of 
property, real or personal. Encyc. 

AL-Ce'DO, 71. [L ] The king-fisher 

AL-eHEM'[€, I a. Relating to alchemy, or produced by 

AL-€HE]MII-€AL, i it 

AL-€HEM'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of alchemy. 

AL'€HE-MIST, 71. One who practices alchemy. 

AL-€HE-MIST I€, /a. Practicing alchemy, or relating 

AL-€HE-MIST'I-€AL, \ to it. 

AL €HE-MY, n. [It. alcJiiviia.] 1. The more sublime and 
difficult parts of chemistry, and chiefly such as relate to 
the transmutation of metals into gold, the finding a 
universal remedy for diseases, and an alkahest, or uni- 
versal solvent, and other things now treated as ridicu- 
lous. This pretended science was much cultivated in 
the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, but is now 
held in contempt. 2. Formerly, a mixed metal used for 
utensils. 

AL€-Ma'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Alcman, a lyric poet. 

AL'eO, 11. A quadruped of America. 

AL'€0-H0L, 71. [Ar.] Pure or highly rectified spirit, ob- 
tained from fermented liquors by distillation. 

AL-€0-HOL'I€, a. Pertaining to alcohol, or partaking of 
Its qualities, Med. Rep. 

AL-€0-HOL-I-Za'TION, n. The act of rectifying spirit, till 
it is wholly dephiegmated ; or of reducing a substance to 
an impalnable powder. 

AL'€0-HO-LlZE, v. t. To convert into alcohol ; to rectify 
spirit, till it is wholly dephiegmated ; also, to reduce a 
substance to an impalpable powder. 

AL'€OR, n. [Ar.] A small star. 

AL'eO-RAN. See Kojeian and Alkoean. 

* AL'€oVE, or AL-€oVE', n. [Sp. alcoba.] 1. A recess, or 
part of a room, separated by an estrade, or partition of 
columns, or by other corresponding ornaments ; in which 
is placed a bed of state, and sometimes seats for company. 
2 A recess in a library, or small lateral apartment for 
books. 

AL CY-ON, 77. The king-fisher. See Halcyon. 

AL CY-0-NlTE, n A fossil zoophite, somewhat resembling 
a fungus. J of Science, 

AL-CY-5'NI-UM, n. The name of a submarine plant. 
Also, a kind of astroit orcoral. 

AL'DER, n. [L. almis.] A tree, usually growing in moist 

" land, and belonging to the genus alnus. 

t AL-DER-LIeV'EST, a. Most beloved. Sliok. 

ALD'ER-MANj plu. Aldermen, ?<.. [Sax. aid or eald, old, 

'" comp. alder, older, and man.'] 1. Among our Saxon an- 
cestors, a senior or superior. The title was applied to 
princes, dukes, earls, senators, bishops, &c. 2. In pres- 
ent usage, a magistrate or officer of a town corporate, next 
in rank below the mayor. 

t AL-DER-MAN'I-TY, 71. The behavior and manners of an 
alderman. The society of aldermen. 

AL'DER-MAN-LY, a. Pertaining to, or like an alderman. 

" Sioift. 

AL'DERN, a. Made of alder. 

Ale, 71. [Sax. eala, eale, or aloth.] 1. A liquor made from 
an infusion of malt by fermentation. It differs from beer, 
in having a smaller proportion of hops. 2. A merry 
meeting in English country places, so called from the 
liquor drank. Ben Jonson. 

aLE'-BENCH, n. A bench in or before an ale house. 

aLE'-BER-RY, n. A beverage, made by boiling ale with 
spice, sugar, and sops of bread. 

aLE'-BREW-ER, 71. One whose occupation is to brew ale. 

aLE'-€GN-NER, 71, [ale and con.] An officer in London, 
whose business is to inspect the measures used in public 
houses, to prevent frauds in selling liquors. 

aLE'-€OST, n. Costraary, a plant. 

aLE'-FED, a. Fed with ale. Stafford 

aLE'-GAR, 71, [ale, and Fr. aigre, sour,] Sour ale; the 
acid of ale, 

aLE'-HOOF, n. [D. eiloof.] Ground-ivy. 

aLE'-HOUSE, 71. A house where ale is retailed. 

aLE'-HOUSE-KEEP-ER, n. One who keeps an ale-house. 

aLE'-KNIGHT (ale'nite) 71. a pot companion. Chaucer. 

aLH-SHOT, 71. A reckoning to be paid for ale. 

aLE -SIL-VER. 71. A duty paid to the lord mayor of Lon- 
don, by the sellers of ale within the city. 

^LE -STAKE, 71. A stake set as a sign before an ale-house, 
Chaucer. 

AliE -TaST-ER, n. An officer appointed to inspect ale, 
beer and bread. Cowel. 

aLB-VAT, n. A vat in which ale is fermented. 

aLE'-WASHED, a. Steeped in ale. 

aLE'-WIFE, n. A woman who keeps an ale-house. 

ALE'WIFE, or A'LOOF, n. [This word is properly aloof, 
the Indian name of a fish.] An American fish, resembling 
the herring. The established pronunciation is alewife, 
plu aleioives. 



A-LEC-TRY-OM'AN-CY, n. [Gr. aXsKTpvwv and fiav- 
T£ia.] An ancient practice of forete ling events by means 
of a cock. 

A-LEE', adv. In seamen''s language, on the side opposite 
to the wind, that is, opposite to the side on which it 

AL'E-GAR, 71. Sour ale ; acid made of ale. 

t AL'E-6ER, a. [Fr. ; Sp. alegre ; 'L.alacer.] Gay; cheer 
ful; sprightly. Bacon. 

t A-LEGGE', V t. To lighten ; to lessen ; to assuage. 

A-LEMB'DAR, n. A certain officer in Turkey. 

A-LEM'B1€, n. [Ar.] A chemical vessel used in distillation ; 
usually made of glass or copper. 

A-LENGTH', adv. At full length ; along ; stretched at fuU 
length. Chaucer. 

A-LEP'I-DOTE, n. [Gr. a and XtTTtf.] Any fish whose skin 
is not covered with scales. 

A-LERT', a. [Fr. alerte ; Sp. alcrto.] 1. Watchful ; vigi- 
lant ; active in vigilance. Hence the military phrase, 
upon the alert, upcm the watch. 2. Brisk; nimble; mov- 
ing with celerity. Spectator. 

A-LEilT'NESS, n. Briskness ; nimbleness ; sprightliness ; 
levity. Addison. 

A-LEU-ROM'AN-CY, n. [Gr. a'X£V(>ov and jxavTeia.} A 
kind of divination by meal. 

A-LEU'TIAN, ) a. Designating certain isles in the Pacific 

A-LEu'TI€, ) ocean, eastward of Kamtschatka. 

AL-EX-AN'DEBS, n. The name of a plant, 

AL-EX-aN'DER'S FOOT, n. The name of a plant. 

AL-EX-AN'DRI-AN, a. Pertaining to Alexandria. 

AL-EX-AN'DRiNE, or AL-EX-AN'DRI-AN, n. A kind of 
verse, consisting of twelve syllables, or of twelve and 
thirteen alternately. 

A-LEX-I-PHAR'MI€, or A-LEX-I-PHAR'MI-€AL, a. [Gr 
a\e^(x) and (papj-iaKov.] Expelling poison ; antidotal ; sudo- 
rific ; that has the quality of expelling poison or infection 
by sweat. 

A-LEX-l-PnAR'MI€, n. A medicine that is intended to 
obviate the efiiects of poison ; an antidote to poison or in- 
fection. 

A-LEX-I-TER'I€, A-LEX-I-TE'RI-AL, or A-LEX-I-TER'- 
I-€AL, a. [Gr. aXe^u) and StiXrjrripiov.'] Resisting poison ; 
obviating the effects of venom. 

A-LEX-I-TER'I€, n. A medicine to resist the effects of 
poison, nearly synonymous with alexipharmic. 

AL'GA, n. [L.] Sea-weed. 

AL'GA-ROT, or AL'GA-ROTH, n. The name of an emetic 
powder. 

•j- AL'GaTES, adv. On any terms ; every way. 

AL'GE-BRA, n. [Ar.] The science of quantity in general, 
or universal arithmetic. Algebra is a general method of 
computation, in which signs and symbols, which are com- 
monly the letters of the alphabet, are made to represent 
numbers and quantities. It takes an unknown quantity 
sought, as if granted ; and, by means of one or more 
quantities given, proceeds till the quantity supposed is 
discovered, by some other known quantity to which it is 
equal. 

AL-6E-BRa'I€, ) a. Pertaining to algebra ; containmg 

AL- GE-BR a'I-€ AL, ) an operation of algebra, or deduced 
from suchoperation. 

AL-GE-BRa'IST, 71. One who is versed in the science of 
algebra. 

AL'GE-NEB, 71. A star of the second magnitude. 

AL-GE-RINE', n. A native of Algiers. 

AL-GE-RiNE', a. Belonging to Algiers 

t AL'GID, a. [L. algidus.] Cold. 

{ IlIiD-NeS, I «• C^"'^»^«« 5 cold. 

t AL-GIF'I€, a. Producing cold. 

AL'GOL, 71. A fixed star of the third magnitude. 

AL'GOR, 71. [Lat.] Among physicians, an unusual coldness 
in any part of the body. 

AL'GO-RITHM, or AL'GO-RISM, n. An Arabic term, sig- 
nifying numerical computation, or the six operations of 
arithmetic. 

t AL-GoSE', a. Extremely cold. 

AL'GOUS, a. [Ij. alga.] Pertaining to sea-weed ; abound- 
ing with, or like sea-weed. 

AL-GUA-ZlL', (al-gwa-zeeU) n. [Sp.] An inferior officer of 
justice. 

AL-HEN'NA, 71. SeeALKENNA. 

a'LI-AS, [L.] Otherwise; as in this example— Simson, 
alias Smith ; a word used in judicial proceedings. 

a'LI-AS, 71. A second writ, or execution, issued when the 
first has failed to enforce the judgment. 

AL'I-Bl, 71. [L.] Elsewhere ; in another place ; a law term. 
When a person is charged with an offense, and he proves 
that he could not have committed it, because he was, at 
the time, in another place, he is said to prove an alibi. 

t AL'I-BLE, a. Nutritive ; nourishing. 

AL'IEN, (ale'-yen) a. [L. alienus.] 1. Foreign ; not 
belonging to the same country, land or government. 



* See Synopsis. A, K, T, 0, XJ, "9 long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— ' IN, MAEiNE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. 



ALK 



25 



ALL 



2. Belonging to one who is not a citizen. 3. Estranged ; 
foreign ; not allied ; adverse to. 

AL lEN, (ale'yen) n. A foreigner ; one bom in, or belong- 
ing to, another country ; one who is not entitled to the 
privileges of a citizen. 

AL'TEN, (ale'yen) 1 v. t. [L. alieno.] 1. To transfer 

AL-iENE', (ale-yeen') \ title or property to another ; to 
sell. 2. To estrange ; to make averee or indifferent. — 
In this sense, it is more common to use alienate. 

aL-IEN-A-BIL'1-TY, (ale'yen-a-Ml'e-te) n. The capacity 
of being alienated or transferred. Burke. 

AL'IEN-A-BLE, (ale'yen-a-bl) a. That may be sold, or 
transferred to another. 

aL'IEN-A6E, (ale'yen-aje) n. The state of being an alien. 
Story. 

aL'IEN-ATE, (ale'yen-ate) v. t. [L. alieno.] 1. To trans- 
fer title, property or right to another. 2. To estrange ; to 
withdraw, as the affections ; to make indifferent or averse, 
where lovft or friendship before subsisted. 

AL'IEN-ATE, a. [L. alienatus.] Estranged ; withdrawn 
from ; strangei to. 

t aL'IEN-ATE, 71. A stranger ; an alien 

AL-IEN-A'TION, (ale yen-a'shun) n. [L. alicnatio.] 1. 
A transfer of title ; oi a legal conveyance of property to 
another. 2. The statt" of being alienated. 3. A with- 
drawing or estrangeme n. 4. Delirium ; derangement of 
mental faculties ; insan 'y. Hooker. 

AL'IEN-A-TOR, n. One tl.at alienates or transfers property. 
Warton. 

AL-IEN-EE', 71. One to whom the title to property is trans- 
ferred. Blackstone. 

AL'IEN-ISM, n. Alienage. JV. Y. Reports. 

A-LlFE', adv. On my life. Shak. 

A-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. ala and /ero.] Having wings. 

AL'I-FORM, a. [L. ala and forma.'] Having the shape of 
a wing. 

A-LI6'ER-0US, a. [L. ala and gero.] Having wings. 

A-LIGGE'. See Alegge. 

A-LlGHT', (a-lite') v. i. [Sax. alihtan.] 1. To get down or 
descend, as from on horseback or from a carriage. 2. To 
descend and settle. 3. To fall or descend and lodge. ' 

A-LiKE', a. [Sax. gelic] Having resemblance or simili- 
tude ; similar. 

A-LiKE', adv. In the same manner, form or degree. 

A-LlKE'-MlND-ED, a. Having the same mind. 

AL'I-MENT, 71. [L. alimentum.] That which nourishes ; 
food ; nutriment. 

AL-l-MENT'AL, a. Supplying food ; that has the quality 
of nomishing. 

AL-I-JVIENT'AL-LY, adv. So as to serve for nourishment 
or food. 

AL-I-MENT'A-RI-NESS, n. The quality of supplying nu- 
triment. 

AL-I-MENT A-RY, a. Pertaining to aliment or food ; hav- 
ing the quality of nourishing. 

AL-I-MENT -A 'TION, n. 1 . The act or power of affording 
nutrirnent. 2. The state of being nourished. Johnson. 

AL-I-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Nourishmg ; affording food. [Little 
used.] 

ALT-MO-NY, n. [L. alimonia.] An allowance made for the 
support of a woman, legally separated from her husband. 
Blackstone. 

AL'I-PED, a. [L. aZa and pes.] Wing-footed ; having the 
toes connected by a membrane, which serves as a wing. 

A L'l-PED, 7^. An animal whose toes are connected by a 
membrane, and which thus serve for wings ; a cheiropter ; 
as the bat. Dumeril. 

AL'I-Q,UANT, a. [L. aliquantum.] In arithmetic, an ali- 
quant number or part is that which does not measure 
another number without a remainder. Thus 5 is an ali- 
quant part of 16. 

AL'I-QUOT, a. [L.] An aliquot part of a number or quan- 
tity is one which will measure it without a remainder. 
Thus 5 is an aliquot part of 15. 

A'LISH, a. Like ale ; having the qualities of ale. 

t AL'I-TURE, 71. Nourishment. 

A-LlVE', a. [Sa.x.gelifiav.] 1. Having life, in opposition 
to dead ; living. 2. In a state of action ; unextinguish- 
ed ; undestroyed •, unexpired ; in force or operation. 3. 
Cheerful ; sprightly ; lively ; full of alacrity. 4. Suscep- 
tible ; easily impressed ; having lively feelings. 

AL'KA-HEST, n. [At.] A universal dissolvent ; a men- 
struum capable of dissolvine; every body. 

AL-KA-LES'CEN-CY, n. A tendency to become alkaline 5 
or a tendency to the properties of an alkali. Ure. 

AL-KA-LES'CENT, a. Tending to the properties of an al- 
kali ; slightly alkaline. 

*ALKA-Lt,7i. ,• phi. Alkalies. [Ar.] In chemiMni, a term 
applied to all bodies which possess the following proper- 
ties : 1. a caustic taste ; 2. being volatilizable by beat ; 3. 
capability of combining with acids, and of destroying their 
acidity •, 4. solubility in water, even when combined with 
carbonic acid ; 5. capability of converting vegetable blues 
to green. Thomson. 



AL'KA-LI-F5^, V. t. To form, or to convert into an alkali- 

AL'KA-LI-F?^, V. i. To become an alkali. 

AL-KA-Ll6'E-NOUS, a. [alkali, and Or. yevvaw.] Produc- 
ing or generating alkali. 

AL-KA-LIM'E-TER, 71. [alkali, and Gr. uerpov.] An in 
strument for ascertaining the strength of alkalies. Ure 

AL'KA-LINE, a. Having the properties of alkali. 

AL-KA-LIN'I-TY n. The quality which constitutes an al- 
kali. Thomson. 

AL-Ka'LI-OUS, a. Having the qualities of alkali. Kinnier 

f AL'KA-LI-ZATE, a. Alkaline ; impregnated with alkali. 
Boyle. 

t AL'KA-LI-ZATE, v. t. To make bodies alkaline. 

AL-KAL-I-Za'TION, n. The act of rendering alkaline by 
impregnating with an alkali. 

AL'KA-LIZE, V. t. To make alkaline ; to communicate the 
properties of an alkali to, by mixture. 

AL'KA-NET, 7?. The plant bugloss. 

AL-KE-KEN'6l,7i. The winter cherry. 

AL-KENNA, or AL-HEN'NA, n. Egyptian privet 

AL-KERMES, n. [Ar.] In pharmacy, a compound cor- 
dial, derived from the kermes berries. 

AL-KER'VA, 71. An Arabic name of the palma Christi. 
Qvmcy. 

AL'KO-RAN, 71. [Ar. al, the, and koran, book. The 
Book, by way of eminence, as we say, the Bible.] The 
book which contains the Mohammedan doctrines of faith 
and practice. 

AL-KO-RAN'ISH, a. Relating to the Alkoran. 

AL'KO-RAN-IST, n. One who adheres strictly to the lettei 
of the Alkoran, rejecting all comments. The Persians are 
generally Alkoranists ; the Turks, Arabs, and Tartars ad- 
mit a multitude of traditions. 

AL-KUS'SA, n. A fish of the silurus kind. 

ALL, (awl) a. [Sax. eal ; Dan. al ; G. all ; Sw. all.] 1. Ev- 
ery one, or the whole number of particulars. 2. The 
whole quantity, extent, duration, amount, quality, or de- 
gree. 

ALL, adv. Wholly ; completely ; entirely. 

ALL, n. 1. The whole number. 2. The whole •, the en 
"tire thing; the aggregate amount. This adjective is 
much used as a noun, and applied to persons or things. — 
.dll in all is a phrase which signifies, all things to a per- 
son, or every thing desired. — ^t all is a phrase much used 
by way of enforcement or emphasis, usually in negative 
or interrogative sentences. He has no ambition at all ; 
that is, not in the least degree. — Ml, in composition, en- 
larges the meaning, or adds force to a word ; and it is 
generally more empbatical than most. In some instan- 
ces, all is incorporated into words, as in almighty, al- 
ready, always ; but in most instances, it is an adjective 
prefixed to other words, but separated by a hyphen. 

ALL-ABAN'DONED, a. Abandoned by all. 

ALL-AB-HOR'RED, a. Detested by all. Shak. 

ALL-Ae-€OM'PLISHED, a. Fully accomplished ; whose 
" education is highly finished. 

ALL-AD-MIR'ING, a. Wholly admiring. Shak. 

ALL-AD-VlS'ED, a. Advised by all. Warhurton. 

ALL-AP-PRoVED, a. Approved by all. More. 

ALL-A-ToN'ING, a. Atoning for all. Dryden. 

ALL-BEaR'ING, a. Producing every thing ; omniparous 

ALL-BEAU'TE-OUS, a. Perfectly beautiful. Pope. 

ALL-BE-HoLD'ING, a. Beholding all things. 

ALL-BLAST'ING, a. Blasting all ; defaming or destroying 
all. Mnrston. 

ALL-BOUN'TE-OUS, ) a. Perfectly bountiful ; of infinite 

ALL-BOUN'Tl-FUL, \ bounty. 

ALL-CHaNG'ING, a. Perpetually changing. Shak. 

ALL-CHEER'ING, a. That cheers all ; that gives gayety 
"or cheerfulness to all. Shak. 

ALL-€OM-MAND'ING, a. Having command or sovereign- 

"" ty over all. Raleigh. 

ALL-€OM-PLY'ING, a. Complying in every respect. 

ALL-€OM-PoS'lNG, a. That makes all tranquil or peace- 
ful. Crashain. 

ALL-€OM-PRE-HEN'SIVE, a. Comprehending all things. 
Olanville. _ 

ALL-€ON-CeAL'ING, a. Hiding or concealing all. 

ALL-€ON'aUER-INfr, a. That subdues all. Milton. 

ALL-CON serous, a. Conscious of all ; all-knowing. 

ALL-€ON-STRaIN ING, a. Constraining all. Drayton. 

ALL-CON-SuM ING, a. That consumes or devours all. 

ALL-DaR'ING, a. Daring to attempt every thing. Jonson. 

ALL-DE-STROY'ING, a. Destroying every thing. Fan 
sham. 

ALL-DEV'AS-TA-TING, a. Wasting every thing. 

ALL-DE-VOUR'TNG, a. Eating or consuming all. Pope 

ALL-DIM'MING, a. Obscuring every thing. Marston. 

ALTi-DIS-€6V'ER-ING, a. Discovering or disclosing eveiy 

" thing. More. 

ALL-DTS-GRA'CED, a. Completely disgraced. Shak. 

ALL-DIS-PENS'ING, a. Dispensing all things ; affording 
dispensation or pennission. Milton. 

ALL-Dl-ViNE', a. Supremely excellent. Howell. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE •— BI.'LL, UXfTE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CII as SH ; TH as in thin 



Obsolete 



ALL 



26 



ALL-DI-VIN'ING, a. Foretelling all things. Fanshaw 

ALL-DREAD'ED, a. Dreaded by all. Shak. 

ALL-EF-FI"CIENT, a. Of perfect or unlimited efficacy or 
ettieiency. 

ALI^ EL'O-aUENT, a. Eloquent in the highest degree. 

ALL-EM-BPiA'ClNG, a. Embracing all things. Crashaw. 

ALL-END'ING, a. Putting an end to all things. Shak. 

ALL-EN-LlGHT'EN-lNG, a. Enlightening all things. 

ALL-EN-Ra GKD, a. Highly enraged. Hall. 

ALL-FLa MING, a. Flaming in all directions. Beaumont. 

ALL-F50LS'DAY, 71. The first of April. 

ALL-FOR-GIV ING, a. Forgiving or pardoning all. 

ALL-FoURS, n. A game at cards, played by two or four 
persons. — To go on all fours is to move or walk on four 
legs, or on the two legs and two arms. 

ALL-GIV!ER, 71. The Giver of all things. Milton. 

ALL-GOOD', a. Completely good. Dryden. 

ALL-G66D', 71. The name of the plant good-Henry. 

ALL-GRa'CIOUS, a. Perfectly gracious. 

ALL-GUlD'ING, a. Guiding or conducting all things. 

4LL-Ha1L', excl. [all, and Sax. heel, health.] All health ; a 
phrase of salutation, expressing a wish of all health or 
safety to the person addressed. 

ALL-HAL'LOW, ) n. All Saints' day, the first of Novem- 

ALL-HAL'LOWS, ) ber ; a feast dedicated to all the 
saints in general. 

ALL-HAL'LOW-TIDE, 71. The time near All Saints, or 
November first. 

ALL-HAP'PY, a. Completely happy. 

ALL-HeAL', n. The popular name of several plants. 

ALL-HeAL'ING, a. Healing all things. Selden. 

ALL-HELP'ING, a. Assisting all. Selden. 

ALL-HiD'ING, a. Concealing all things. Shak. 

ALL-HON'ORED, a. Honored by all. Shak. 

ALL-HURT'_ING, a. Hurting all things. Shak. 

ALL-i'DOL-I-ZFNG, a. Worshiping everything. Crashaw. 

ALL-IM't-TA-TING, a. Imitating every thing. More. 

ALL-IN-FORM'ING, a. Actuating all by vital powers. 

ALL-IN'TER-EST-ING, a. Interesting in the highest de- 
gree. 

ALL-IN-TER'PRET-ING,a. Explaining all things. Milton. 

ALL-JUDG'TNG, a. Judging all possessing the sovereign 

" right of judging. Rome. 

ALL-JUST', a. Perfectly just. 

ALL-KiND', a. Perfectly kind or benevolent. 

ALL-KNoW'ING, a. Having all knowledge ; omniscient. 
Atterbury. 

ALL-Ll'CENSED, a. Licensed to every thing. Shak. 

ALL-LqV'ING, a. Of infinite love. More. 

4LL-Ma'KING, a. Making or creating all ; omnific. 
Drvden, 

ALL-\IA-TuR'ING, a. Maturing all things. Dryden. 

ALL MER'CI-FUL, a. Of perfect mercy or compassion. 

ALL-MUR'DER-ING, a. Killing or destroying every thing. 

ALL-O-BE'Dt-ENT, a. Entirely obedient. Crashaxo. 

ALL-0-REY'ING, a. Receiving obedience from all. 

ALT^-OB-LIV'I-OQS, a. Causing total oblivion. Shak. 

ALL-OB-S€CR'ING, a. Obscuring every thing. King. 

ALL-Pa'TIENT, a. Enduring every thing without mur- 
"murs. 

ALT^PEN'E-TRA-TING, a. Penetratmg every thing. 

ALL-PER'FE€T, a. Completely perfect. 

ALL-PER'FE€T-NESS, 71. The perfection of the whole 5 
entire perfection. More, 

ALL-PIE R'CING, a. Piercing every thing. Marston. 

ALL-POW'ER-FUL, a. Almighty ; omnipotent. Swi/i. 

ALI^PRaIS'ED, a. Praised by all. Shak. 

ALL-RtJL'ING, a. Governing all things. Milton. 

ALL-SA-Ga'CIOUS, a. Having all sagacity ; of perfect dis- 
cernment. 

ALL-SaINTS'-DAY, 71. The first day of November, called 

" also all-hallnws ; a feast in honor of all the saints. 

ALL-SANC'TI-F-f-ING, a. Sanctifying the whole. West. 

ALL-SaV'ING, a. Saving all. Selden. 

ALL-SEARCH'ING, a. Pervading and searching every 
thing. South. 

ALL-SEE'ING, a. Seeing every thing. Dryden. 

ALL-SEER', 71. One that sees everv thing. Shah. 

ALL-SHaK'ING, a. Shaking all things. Shak. 

ALL-SHUN'NED, a. Shunned by all. Shak. 

ALL-SoULS'-DAY, n. The second day of November ; a 

"feast or solemnity held by the church of Rome, to suppli- 
cate forthe souls of the faithful deceased. 

ALL'-SPiCE, 72. The berry of the pimento. 

ALL-STJF-FX"CIEN-CY, n. Complete or infinite ability. 

ALL-SUF-Fl"CIENT, a. Sufficient to every thing •, infinite- 

"ly able. Hooker. 

ALL-SUF-Fi"CIENT, n. The all-sufficient Being ; God. 

ALL-SUR-ROUNIVING, a. Encompassing the whole. 

ALL-SUR-VEY'ING, n. Surveying every thhig. 

ALL-SUS-TaIN'ING, a. Upholding all things. 

ALL-TELL'ING, a. Telling or divulging every thing. 

ALL-TRiUMPH-ING, a. Triumphant every where or 

" over all. Jonson. 



ALL 

ALL-WATCH'ED, a. Watched throughout. Shak. 

ALL- WISE', a. Possessed of infinite wisdom. South. 

ALL-WIT'TED, a. Having all kinds of wit. Jonson. 

ALL-W6R'SHIPED, a. Worshiped or adored by all. 

ALL-W6R'THY, a. Of infinite worth; of the highest 

" worth. 

AL'LA-GITE, n. A mineral. 

AL'LAN-ITE, n. A mineral. A siliceous oxyd of cerium 

AL-LAN-TOIS', or AL-LAN-TOID', n. [Gr. aWas and 
eiSos.] A thin membrane, situated between the chorion 
and amnios in quadrupeds. 

t AL'LA-TRATE, v. t. [L. allatro.] To bark, as a dog. 

AL-LaY', v. t. [Sax. alecgan, alegan.] 1. To make quiet ; 
to pacify, or appease. 2. To abate, mitigate, subdue, or 
destroy. 3. To obtund or repress as acrimony. 4. For- 
merly, to reduce the purity of ; as, to allay metals. But, 
in this sense, alloy is now exclusively used. See Alloy! 

ALLaY', n. 1. Formerly J a baser metal mixed with a 
finer ; but, in this sense, it is now written alloy, which see. 
2. That which allays, or abates the predominant qualities. 
JVewton. 

AL-LAY'ED, (al-lade') pp. Layed at rest ; quieted ; tran - 
quilized ; abated ; [reduced by mixture. Obs.'] 

AL-LAY'ER, 71. He, or that, which allays. 

AL-LaY'ING, ppr. Quieting ; reducing to tranquillity ; 
abathig ; [reducing by mixture. Obs.'\ 

AL-LaY'MENT, n. The act of quieting ; a state of rest af- 
ter disturbance ; abatement ; ease. Shak. 

AL'LE, (al'ly) n. The little auk, or black and white diver. 

t AL-LECT', V. t. To entice. Huloet's Diet. 

t AL-LE€T-A'TION, n. Allurement ; enticement. Coles. 

t AL-LECT IVE, a. Alluring. Chaucer. 

t AL-LE€T'IVE, n. Allurement. Eliot. 

AL-LEDGE , (al-ledj') v. t. [L. allego.} 1. To declare ; to 
affirm ; to assert ; to pronounce with positiveness. 2. 
To produce as an argument, plea, or excuse ; to cite or 
quote. 

t AL-LED6E'A-BLE, a. That may be alledged. Brown. 

AL-LED6'ED, (al-ledjd') pp. Affirmed ; asserted, whether 
as a charge or a plea. 

t AL-LEDGE'MENT, 71. Allegation. 

AL-LED6 ER, n. One who affirms or declares. 

AL-LEDfrING, ppr. Asserting ; averring ; declaring. 

AL-LE-Ga'TION, 71. 1. Affirmation ; positive assertion or 
declaration. 2. That which is aff.rmed or asserted ; that 
which is offered as a plea, excuse, or justification. — 3. In 
ecclesiastical courts, declaration of charges. 

AL-LE6E'. See Alledge. 

AL-Le'6E-AS, or AL-LE'6l-AS, n. A stuff manufactured 
in the East Indies. 

fAL-LEGE^MENT, 71. Allegation. 

AL-LE-GHa'NE-AN, a. Pertaining to the mountains call- 
ed Alleghany, or Allegheiiny. 

AL-LE-GHa'NY, 71. The chief ridge of the great chains of 
mountains which run from N. E. to S. W. through the 
Middle and Southern States of North America. 

AL-Le'GI-ANCE, 71. [old Fr., from L. a^ZiVo.] The tie or 
obligation of a subject to his prince or government ; the 
duty of fidelity to a king, government, or state. 

fAL-LE'Gl-ANT, a. Loyal. Shak. 

AL-LE-GOR'I€, \ a. In the manner of allegory ; figura- 

AL-LE-GOR'I-CAL, S live. 

AL-LE-GOR'I-CAL-LY, adv. In a figurative manner ; by 
way of allegory. 

AL-LE-GOR'I-€AL-NESS, 71. The quality of being allegori- 
cal. 

AL'LE-GO-RIST, n. One who teaches in an allegorical man- 
ner. Whiston. 

AL'LE-GO-RiZE, v. t. 1. To form an allegory ; to turn in- 
to allegory. 2. To understand in an allegorical sense. 

AL'LE-GO-RiZE, v. i. To use allegory. 

AL'LE-GO-RiZED, pp. Turned into allegory. 

AL'LE-GO-Rl-ZING, ppr. Turning into allegory, or un- 
derstanding in an allegorical sense. 

AL'LE-GO-RY, 71. [Gr. aWyjyopia.'j A figurative sentence 
or discourse, in which the principal subject is described 
by another subject resembling it in its properties and cir- 
cumstances. The principal subject is thus kept out of 
view, and we are left to collect the intentions of the writ- 
er or speaker, by the resemblance of the secondary to the 
primary subject. Allegory is in words what hieroglyph- 
ics are in painting. We have a fine example of an alle- 
gory in die eightieth psalm. 

AL-LE-GRET'TO, [from allegro,] denotes, in music, a 
movement or time quicker than andante, but not so quick 
as allecrro. Busby. 

AL-Le'GRO. \ It. merry, cheerful.] In trmsjc, a word de- 
noting a brisk movement ; a sprightly part or strain. 

AL-LE-LtJ'IAH, n. [Heb Hi ^hbn.] Praise to Jehovah ; a 
word used to denote pious joy and exultation, chiefly in 
hymns and anthems. 

AL-LE-MAND', n. A slow air in common time, or grave, 
solemn music, with a slow movement. Also a brisk dance 



S« Synopsis. A, E, T, 5, U, ^, long.—FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY -—PIN, MARiNE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. 



ALL 



27 



ALL 



AL-LE-MAN'N[€, a. Belonging to the Memanni, ancient 
Germans, and to Alemannia, their country. 

AL-LERION, n. In heraldry^ an eagle without beak or 
feet, with expanded wings. 

AL-LE-VEfjR', n. A small Swedish coin. 

AL-Le'VI-ATE, v. t. [Low L. allevio.] 1. To make light ; 
but always in a figurative sense. To remove in part ; to 
lessen •, to mitigate ; applied to evils ; as, to alleviate sor- 
row^ 2. To make less by representation ; to extenuate 

AL-Le'VI-A-TED, pp. Made lighter ', mitigated ; eased v 
extenuated. 

AL-Le'VI-A-TING, ppr. Making lighter, or more tolera- 
ble ; extenuating. 

AL-LE-VI-aTIOxV, n. 1. The act of lightening, allaying, 
or extenuating ; a lessening, or mitigation. 2. Tliat which 
lessens, mitigates, or makes more tolerable. 

■f AL-Le'VI-A-TiVE, ?!. That which mitigates. 

AL'LEY, (al'ly) n. [Fr. allee.] 1. A walk in a garden ; a 
narrow passage. 2. A narrow passage or way in a city, 
as distinct from a public street. 

AL-LI-a'CEOUS, a. [L. allium.] Pertaining to allium, or 
garlic. Barton. 

AL-Ll'ANCE, n. [Fr. alliance.] 1. The relation or union 
between families, contracted by marriage. 2. The union 
between nations, contracted by compact, treaty, or league. 
3. The treaty, league, or compact, wliich is the instru- 
ment of confederacy. 4. Auy union or connection of in- 
terests between persons, families, states, or corporations. 
5. The persons or parties allied. .Addison. 

t AL-LT'ANT, n. An ally. Wotton. 

AL-Ll"CrEN-CY, n. [lu. allicio.] The power of attracting 
any thing ; attraction ; magnetism. Qlanville. {Little 
used.] 

t AL-Li"CIENT, n. That which "ttracts. 

AL-LI'ED, (al-lide') pp. Connected by marriage, treaty, or 
similitude. 

AL'LI-GATE, v. t. [L. alligu.] To tie together ; to unite 
by some tie. 

AL-LI-Ga'TION, n. 1. The act of tying together. [Little 
uised.] 2. A rule of arithmetic, for finding the price or 
value of compounds consisting of ingredients of different 
values. 

AL-LI-Ga'TOR, n. [Sp. lagarto.] The American crocodile. 

AL-LI-Ga'TOR-PEaR, n. A West India fruit. 

AL-LIG'A-TURE, n. See Ligature, which is the word in 
use. 

AL-LlNE'MENT, n. [Fr. alignement.] A reducing to a 
line, or to a square ; a line ; a row. Asiat. Res. 

AL'LI-OTH, n. A star in the tail of the great bear. 

AL-LIS'ION, (al-lizh'un) n. ['L.aUido.] A striking against. 
Wood?nard. 

AL-LIT-ER-A'TION, n. [L. ad and liter a.] The repeti- 
tion of the same letter at the beginning of two or more 
words immediately succeeding each other, or at short in- 
tervals. 

AL-LIT'ER-A-TiVE, a. Pertaining to, or consisting in, al- 
literation. 

AL-LO-€a'TION, n. ['L.ada.nd locatio.] The act of putting 
one thing to another ; hence its usual sense is the admis- 
sion of an article of account, or an allowance made upon 
an account ; a term used in the English exchequei . 

AL'L0-€HR0-ITE, n. An amorphous, massive, opake min- 
eral, found in Norway. 

AL-LO-€u'TION, n. [L. allocutio.] 1. The act or manner 
of speaking to. 2. An address ; a formal address. .Addi- 
son. [Rarely used.] 

AL-Lo'DI-AL, a. Pertaining to allodium ; held independ- 
ent of a lord paramount ; opposed to feudal. 

AL-Lo'DI-AN is sometimes used, but not authorized. 

AL-LoDI-UM, n. [Fr. alien.] Freehold estate ; land which 
is the absolute property of the owner ; real estate held in 
absolute independence, without being subject to any rent, 
service, or acknowledgment to a superior It is thus op- 
posed to feud. In England, there is no allodial land, all 
land being held of the king ; but in the United States, 
most lands are allodial. 

AL-LoNGE', (al-lunj') n. [Fr. allonger.] 1. A pass with 
a sword ; a thrust made by stepping forward and extend- 
ing the arm ; a term used in fencing, often contracted into 
lunge. 2. A long rein, when a horse is trotted in the hand. 
Johnson. 

AL-LOO , v.t. or i. To incite dogs by a call. See Hal- 
loo. 

AL'LO-PHAIN'E, n [Gr. aWos.] A mineral. 

f AL'LO-dUY, 71 Address; conversation. 

AL-LOT', V. t. [ci ad and lot.] 1. To divide or distribute 
by lot. 2 To distribute, or parcel out in parts or por- 
tions ; or lo distribute a share to each individual concern- 
ed. 3. To grant, as a portion ; to give, assign, or appoint 
In general. 

AL-LOT'MENT, n 1. That which is allotted ; a share, 
part, or portion granted or distributed •, that which is as- 
signed by lot. 2. A part, portion, or place appropriated. 

AL-LOT'TED, pp. Distributed by lot ; granted ; assigned. 



AL-LOT'TER-Y ia used by Shakspeare for allotment, bul 
is not authorized by usage. 

AL-LOT'TING, ppr. Distributing by lot ; giving as por- 
tions ; assigning. 

AL-LOW, V. t. [Fr. allouer.] I. To grant, give, or yield 
2. To admit ; to own or acknowledge. 3. To approve, 
justify, or sanction. 4. To afford, or grant as a Ck »npen- 
sation. 5. To abate or deduct. 6. To pern^'t ; to grant 
license to. 

AL-LOVV'A-BLE, a. That may bd permitted as lawful, or 
admitted as true and propt' ; not forbid ; not unlawful oi 
improper. 

AL-LOW A-BLE-NESS, n The quality of being allowable ; 
lawfulness. 

AL-LOW' A-BLY, adv. In an allowable manner. 

AL-LOW ANCE, 71. 1. The act of allowmg. 2. Permission ; 
license ; approbation ; sanction ; usually slight approba- 
tion. 3. Admission •, assent to a fact or state of things • a 
granting. 4. Freedom from restraint ; indulgence. 5. 
That which is allowed •, a portion appointed ; a stated 
quantity, as of food or drink ; hence, in seamen's lan- 
guage, a limited quantity of meat and drink, when provis- 
ions" fall sl.ort. 6. Abatement ; deduction. 7, Establish- 
ed charac+cr ; reputation. [Obs.] Shak. 

AL-LOW'ANCE, v. t. To put upon allowance ; to restrain 
or limit to a certain quantity of provisions or drink. 

AL-LOW'ED, (al-lowd') pp. Granted ; permitted : assented 
to ; admitted ; approved ; indulged ; appointed ; abated. 

AL-LOW'ER, n. One that approves or authorizes. 

AL-LOW'ING, ppr. Granting ; permitting ; admitting ; ap- 
proving ; indulging ; deducting. 

AL-LOY', V. t. [Fr. allier.] 1. To reduce the purity of a 
metal, by mixing with it a portion of one less valuable. 
2. To mix metals. Lavoisier. 3. To reduce or abate by 
mixture. 

AL-LOY', n. 1. A baser metal mixed with a finer. 2. The 
mixture of different metals ; any metallic compound. 3. 
Evil mixed with good. 

AL-LOY'AGE, n. [Fr. alliage.] 1. The act of alloying met- 
als, or the mixture of a baser metal with a finer, to reduce 
Its purity •, the act of mixing metals. 2. The mixture of 
different metals. Lavoisier. 

AL-LOY'ED, (al-loyd') pp. Mixed ; reduced in purity ; de- 
based ; abated by foreign mixture. 

AL-LOY'ING, ppr. Mixing a baser metal with a finer, tt« 
reduce its purity. 

ALL'SPlCE. See under the compounds of aZL 

ALLS, n. All one's goods. A vulgarism. 

fAL-LU-BES'CEN-CY, n. Willingness ; content. 

AL-LtJDE', V. i. [L. alludo.] To refer to something not di 
rectly mentioned ; to have reference ; lo hint at by re 
mote suggestions. 

AL-LuD'ING, ppr. Having reference , hinting at. 

AL-LtJ'MI-NOR, 11. [Fr. allumer.] One who colors or paints 
upon paper or parchment, giving l^glit and ornament to 
letters and figures. This is now written limner. 

AL-LtJRE', V. t. [Fr. leurrer.] To attempt to draw to ; to 
tempt by the ofter of some good, real or apparent ; to in- 
vite by something flattering or acceptable. 

f AL-LuRE , n. Now written lure. 

AL-LuR'ED, (al-lurd') pp. Tempted ; drawn, or invited, 
by something that appears desirable. 

AL-LuRE'MENT, n. That which allures ; any real or ap- 
parent good held forth, or operating, as a motive to action ; 
temptation ; enticement. 

AL-LuR'ER, n. He, or that, which allures. 

AL-LuR'ING, ppr. 1. Drawing : tempting ; inviting by 
some real or apparent good. 2. a. Inviting ; having the 
quality of attracting or tempting. 

AL-LuR'ING-LY, adv. In an alluring manner 5 enticingly 

AL-LtJR'ING-NESS, n. The quality of alluring. 

AL-LtJ'SION, (al-lu'-zhun)7i. [Fr.,frnm alhisio, Low h.] A 
reference to something not explicitly mentioned ; a hint ; 
a suggestion. 

AL-Ltf'StVE, a. Having reference to something not fully 
expressed. 

AL-LU'STVE-LY, adv. By way of allusion. 

AL-LtT'SIVE-NESS, n. The quality of being allusive. 

AL-Lti'SO-RY, a. Allusive ; insinuating. Heath. 

AL-LU'VI-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to alluvion ; added I'o land 
by the wash of water. 2. Washed ashore or down a 
stream ; formed by a current of water Kincan. 

AL-Lu'VI-ON, In. [L. alluvia.] 1. The insensible in- 

AL-LtJ'VI-UM, \ crease of earth on a shore, or bark Df a 
river, by the force of water, as by a current or by waves 
2. A gradual washing or carrying of earth or other sub- 
stances to a shore or bank 5 the earth thus added. 3. The 
mass of substances collected by means of the action of 
water. Buckland. 

AL-LtJ'VI-OUS, a. The same as alluvial, and less frequent- 
ly used. 

AL-L"?', V. t. [Fr. allier.] I. To unite, or form a relation, 
as between fiimilies by marriage, or between princes and 
states by treaty, league, or confederacy. 2. To form a 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; fP t(S P-TI ; Til a?= in fhi.^. t Obsolete 



ALO 



28 



ALT 



1 elation by similitude, resemblance, or friendship. — J^ote. 
This w ^xh is more generally used in the passive form, as, 
families are allied by blood ; or reciprocally, as, princes 
ally themselves to powerful states. 

AL-I.T , n. 1. A prince or state united by treaty or league ; 
a conf-^ derate. 2, One relateu oy marriage or other tie. 

AI^Ly iNG, ppr. Uniting by marriage or treaty 

AlVMA-€ '^N-TAR. See Almucantar. 

A.L'MA-DiE, n. A bark canoe used by the Africans ; also, a 
long boat used at Calicjt, in India. 

AL-'MA-6EST, ?i. [aZ,andGr- ^tytCTT?;.] A bopk or collec- 
tion of problems in astronrmy and geometry. 

AL-Ma'GRA, 71. A fine, deep red ochre. 

AL'MA-NAC, 71. [Ar.] A small book or table, containing 

'" a calendar of days, weeks, and months, with the times of 
the rising of the sun and moon, changes of the moon, 
eclipses, hours of full tide, stated festivals of churches, 
stated terms of courts, observations on the weather, &c., 
for the year ensuing. 

AL'MA-NAC-MA-KER, n. A maker of almanacs 

AL'MAN-DIXE, n. [Fr.] Precious garnet. 

AL'ME, or AL'MA, n. Girls in Egypt, whose occupation is 
to amuse company with singing and dancing. 

AL-MeNA, 71. A weight of two pounds. 

AL-MlGHT I-NESS, n. Omnipotence ; infinite or bound- 

" less power ; an attribute of Oud only. 

AL-MiGOT'Y, a. Possessing all power: omnipotent; be- 

'■ ing of unlhnited might ; being of boundless sufficiency. 

AL-MlGHT'Y, n. The omnipotent God. 

*AL'MOND, (it is popularly pronounced a'?ft072<f,) 71. [Fr. 
amande.] 1. The fruit of the almond tree. 2. The ton- 
sils, two glands near the basis of the tongue, are called 
almonds, from their resemblance to that nut. — 3. In Por- 
tugal, a measure by which wine is sold. — 4 Among 
lapidaries, almonds are pieces of rocky crystal, used in 
adorning branch candlesticks. 

AL'MOND-FUR'NACE, among refiners, is a furnace in 
which the slags of litharge, left in refining silver, are re- 
duced to lead, by the help of charcoal. 

AL'MOND-TREE, n. The tree which produces the almond. 

AL'MOND-VVIL'LOW, ti. A kind of tree. 

AL'MON-ER, 77. An officer whose duty is to distribute char- 
ity or alms. The grand ahnoner, in France, is the first 
ecclesiastical dignitary, and has the superintendence of 
hospitals, 

AL'MON-RY, 71. [corrupted into ambry, aumbry, or aum- 
ery.'l The place where the almoner resides, or where the 
alms are distributed. 

* AL-MOST', adv. Nearly ; veil nigh ; for the greatest part, 

ALMS, (amz) n. [Sax. alm.es.] Any thing given gratuitous- 
ly to reli'^ve the poor, as money, food, or clothing. 

ALMS' ^AS-KET, ) 

ALMS'-BOX, > 71. Vessels appropriated to receive alms. 

ALMS -CHEST, ) 

ALMfe'-DEED, 7i. An act of charity ; a charitable gift. 

■(• ALMS'-FOLK, n. Persons supporting others by allms. 

ALMS'-GIV-ER, n. One who gives to the poor. 

ALMS'-GIV-ING, n. The bestowment of charity, 

ALMS'-HOUSE, n. A house appropriated for the use of the 
poor, who are supported by the public, 

ALMS'-IVIEN, ) n. Persons supported by charity or by 

ALMS'-PeO-PLE, \ public provision, 

AL'MU-€AN-TAR, n. [Ar.] A series of circles of the 
sphere passing through the centre of the sun, or of a star, 
parallel to the horizon. 

AL MU-€AN-TAR'S STAFF. An instrument having an 
arch of fifteen degrees, used to take observations of the 
sun. 

AL-MtJ'DE, n. A wine measure in Portugal. 

AL'MUG, or AL'GUM, n. In Scripture, a tree or wood, 
about which the learned are not agreed. 

AL'NAGE, 71. [Fr. aulnage.] A measuring by the ell. 

AL'NA-GER, or AL'NA-GAR, 7i. A measurer by the ell. 

AL'NIGHT, 71, A cake of wax with the wick in the midst. 
Bacon. 

AL'OE, (al'o) n. ; plu. Aloes, (al oze) [L, alo'i ; Gr, a\oT].'] 
In botany, a genus of monogynian hexanders, of many 
species ; all natives of warm climates, 

AL'OES, in medicine, is the inspissated juice of the aloe ; a 
stimulating stomachic purgative. 

AL'oES-WOOD, 77, See AoALLocHUM. 

AL-0-ET'I€, or AL-0-ET'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to aloe or 
aloes ; partaking of the qualities of aloes. 

AL-0-ET'I€, 71. A medicine consisting chiefly of aloes. 

A-LOFT', adv. 1, On high ; in the air ; high above the 
ground, — 2, In scamen^s language, in the top ; at the 
mast head ; or on the higher yards or rigging, 

A-LOFT', prep. Above, Milton. 

A-L0'6l-ANS, n. [Gr. a and \oyog.'j In church history, a 
sect of ancient heretics, who denied Jesus Christ to be 
the Logos. 

AL'O-GO-TRO-PIIY, n. [Gr, a\oyog and rpo^v.] A dispro- 
portionate nutrition of the parts of the body. 



•f AL'O-GY, n [Gr. a and Aoyoj.] Unreasonableness ; ab- 
surdity. Brown. 

A-LoNE', a. [all and one ; Germ, allein ; D. alleen.] 1 
Single ; solitary ; without the presence of another ; appli 
ed to a person or thing. 2. It is applied to two or more 
persons or things, when separate from others, in a place 
or condition by themselves ; without company. 3. Only 

A-LoNE', adv. Separately ; by itself. 

t A-LoNE'LY, a. or adv. Only ; merely ; singly. 

t A-LoNE'NESS, n. That state which belongs to no other 
Montague. 

A-LONG', adv. [Sax. and-lang, or ond-lang.] 1. By the 
length ; lengthwise ; in a Une with the length. 2. On- 
ward ; in a line, or with a progressive motion.— ,/3ZZ along 
signifies the whole length ; through the whole distance. — 
Along with signifies in company ; joined with. — illong 
side, in seamen's language, signifies side by side. — Along 
shore is by the shore or coast, lengthwise, and near the 
shore. Lying along is lying on the side, or pressed down 
by the weight of sail, 

t A-LONGST', adv. Along ; through, or by the length. 

A-LOOF', adv. 1, At a distance, but within view, or at a 
small distance, 2, Not concerned in a design ; declining 
to take any share ; keeping at a distance from the point, 
or matter in debate, 

AL'O-PE-CY, 71. [Gr. aXwirr]^.'] A disease called the fox- 
evil, or scurf, which is a falling ofi'of the hair. 

A-Lo'SA, 77. A fish of passage, called the shad. 

A-LOUD', adv. Loudly ; with a loud voice, 

t A-LoW, adv. In a low place. 

ALP, ALPS, 71. [qu. Gr. a\(pos ; L. albus."] A high moun 
tain. The name, it is supposed, was originally given to 
mountains whose tops were covered with snow. 

AL-PAG'NA, 77. An animal of Peru. 

AL'PHA, 71. [Heb. f|l'?N.] The first letter in the Greek al- 
phabet, answering to A, and used to denote ^rst, or be- 
ginning. As a numeral, it stands for 07ie. 

AL'PHA-BET, n. [Gr. a\(pa and /^Tjra.] The letters of a 
language arranged in the customary order. 

AL'PHA-BET, v. t. To arrange in the order of an alphabet ; 
to form an alphabet in a book, or designate the leaves by 
the letters of the alphabet, 

AL-PHA-BET-A'RI-AN, n. A learner while in the A, B, C. 

AL-PHA-BET'I€, } a. In the order of an alphabet, or 

AL-PHA-BET'I-€AL, jl in the order of the letters as cus- 
tomarily arranged. 

AL-PHA-BET'I-€AL-LY, adv. In an alphabetical man- 
ner : in the customary order of the letters. 

AL-PHe'NIX, 71. White barley sugar, used for colds. 

AL'PHEST, 71. A small fish. 

AL-PHON'SIN, n. A surgical instrument for extracting 
bullets from wounds. 

AL-PHON'SIN Ta'BLES. Astronomical tables made by 
Alphonsus, king of Arragon. Bailey. 

AL'PHUS, 71, [Gr, aX^os.] That species of leprosy called 
vitiligo. 

*AL'P1NE, a, [L. alpinus.] 1. Pertaining to the Alps, or to 
any lofty mountain ; very high ; elevated. 2. Growing 
on high mountains. 

* AL'PiNE, 77. A kind of strawberry growing on lofty hills. 

AL'PIST, or AL'PIA, n. The seed of the fox-taD. 

AL'Q,UIER, n. A measure in Portugal. 

AL'aUI-FOUj 7!. A sort of lead ore, 

AL-READ'Y, (all-red'-e) adv. Literally, a state of complete 
"preparation; but, by an easy deflection, the sense is, at 
this time, or, at a specified time. 

t ALS, adv. Also ; likewise. Spenser. 

A'L'SO, adv. [all and so ; Sax. eal and swa.] Likewise , 
" in like manner. < 

ALT, or AL TO, a. [It.] In music, a term applied to high 
notes in the scale. 

AL-Ta'I€, or AL-Ta'IAN, a. [Tart, alatau.] Pertaining 
to the Altai. 

AL'TAR, n. [L. altare.] 1. A mount ; a table, or elevated 
"place, on which sacrifi^ces were anciently ofiered to some 
deity, 2, In modern churches, the communion table , 
and, figuratively, a church ; a place of worship, 

AL'TAR-CLOTH, n. A cloth to lay upon an altar in 

'" churches. 

AL'TAR-PIeCE, 71. A painting placed over the altar in a 
church. Warton. 

AL'TAR-WISE, adv. Placed in the manner of an altar. 
Howell. 

AL'TAR-A6E, 71, The profits arising to priests from obla- 
" tions, 

AL'TAR-IST, ) 77, In old laws, the priest to whom the 

AL'TAR-THANE, \ altarage belonged ; also, a chaplain 

AL'TER, t;, f, [Fr. alterer , 1,. alter.] ], To make some 
" change in ; to make different in some particular ; to vary 
in some degree, without an entire change. 2. To change 
entirely or materially, 

AL'TER, V. i. To become 'n some respects, different ; to 
"vary. 



* See Synopsis. A, K, T, O, U, V, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ; PIN, MARINE, BtRD ;— f Obsolete. 



ALT 

^I/TER-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being susceptible 

* of alteration. 
AL'TEE,-A-BLE, a. That may become different ; that may 
"vary. 

i^L'TER-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of admitting alter- 
"ation ; variableness. 

AL'TER-A-BLY, adv. In a manner that may be altered, or 
"varied. 
^L'TER-A6E, n. rfromL. aZo.] The breeding, nourishing 

* or fostering of a child. [JVot an English word.] 
AL'TER-ANT, a. Altering ; gradually changing. 
AL'TER-ANT, n. A medicine which gradually corrects 

the state of the body ; an alterative. 

AL-TER-A'TION, n. [L. altcratio.] The act of making 
" different, or of varying in some particular , an altering, or 
partial change. 

AL'TER-A-Ti VE, a. Causing alteration ; having the power 

"to alter. 

A.L'TER-A-TlVE, n. A medicine which gradually induces 

" a change in the habit or constitution, and restores healthy 
functions. 

AL'TER-€ATE, v. i. [L. altercor.] To contend in words ; 
to dispute with zeal, heat, or anger ; to wrangle. 

AL-TER-€a'TION, n. [L. altercatio.] Warm contention 
in words ; dispute carried on with heat or anger ; contro- 
versy 5 wrangle. 

AL'TERN, a. [L. alternus.] Acting by turns ; one suc- 
ceeding another ; alternate, which is the word generally 
used. 

AL'TER-NA-CY, n. Performance or actions by turns. 
[Little iLsed.] 

AL-TERN'AL, a. Alternative. [Little used.] 

AL-TERN'AL-LY, adtJ. By turns. May. [Little used.] 

AL-TERN'ATE, a. [L,. alternatus.} Being by turns ; one 
following the other m succession of time or place ; hence, 
reciprocal. 

AL-TERN'ATE, n. That which happens by turns with 
something else ; vicissitude. Prior. 

* AL'TERN- ATE, v. t. [L. alterno.] To perform by turns, 
or in succession ; to cause to succeed by turns ; to change 
one thing for another reciprocally. 

* AL'TERN-ATE, v.i. 1. To happen or to act by turns. 2. 
To follow reciprocally in place. 

AL-TERN'ATE-LY, adv. In reciprocal succession ; by 
turns, so that each is succeeded by that which it succeeds, 
as night follows day, and day follows night. 

AL-TERN'ATE-NESS, n. The quality of being alternate, 
or of following in succession. 

AL'TERN-A-TING, ppr. Performing or following by turns. 

AL-TERN-a'TION, n. 1. The reciprocal succession of 
things in time or place ; the act of following and being 
followed in succession. 2. The different changes, or al- 
tera 'ions of orders, in numbers. 3. The answer of tiie 
congregation speaking alternately with the minister. 4. 
Alternate performance, in the choral sense. 

AL-TERN'A-TiVE, a. [Fr. alternatif.] Offering a choice 
of two things. 

AL-TERN'A-TiVE, n. That which may be chosen or 
omitted ; a choice of two things, so that if one is taken, 
the other must be left. 

AL-TERN'A-TiVE-LY, adv. In the manner of alterna- 
tives ; in a manner that admits the choice of one out of 
two things. 

AL-TERN'A-TiVE-NESS, n. The quality or state of bemg 
alternative. 

AL-TERN'I-TY, n. Succession by turns ; alternation. 

AL-THE'A, n. [Gr. aXOaia.] In botany, a genus of polyan- 
drian monadelphs, of several species 5 called in English 
marsh-mallow. 

AL-THoUGH', ^all-tho') ohs. verb, or used only in the 
imperative ; (commonly classed, though less correctly, 
among conjunctions.) [all and though ; Sax. thah, or 
theah ; Ir. daighim. See Though.] Grant all this ; be it 
so ; allow all ; suppose that ; admit all that ; as, " al- 
though the fig-tree shall not blossom." Hab. iii. That is, 
grant, admit, or suppose what follows—" the fig-tree shall 
not blossom." 

t AL'TI-GRADE, n. Rising on high. 

AL-TIL'0-aUENCE, n. [L. altus and loquor, loquens.] 
Lofty speech ; pompous language. 

AL-TIM'E-TER, n. [L. altus, and Gr. ixerpov.] An instru- 
ment for taking altitudes by geometrical principles. 

AL-TIM'E-TRY, n. The art of ascertaining altitudes bv 
means of a proper instrument. 

AL'TIN, 71. A money of account in Russia, value 3 kopecks. 

AL-TIN'€AR, n. A species of factitious salt or powder. 

AL-TIS'O-NANT, ) a. [L. altus and sojians.] High-sound- 

AL-TIS'0-NOUS, \ ing, lofty, or pompous. 

Aij'TI-TUDE, n. [L. altitudo.] 1. Space extended up- 
ward ; the elevation of an object above its foundation ; 
the elevation of an object or place above the surface on 
which we stand, or above the earth. 2. The elevation 
of a point, a star, or other object above the horizon. 3. 
Figuratively, high degree •, highest point of excellence. 



29 AMA 

AL-T1"V'0-LANT, a. [L. altus and volans.l Flyinc; himi 

AL'TO. [It., from L. altus.] High. 

AL'TO-0€-Ta'VO. [It.] An octave higher. 

AL'TO-RE-LIK'VO. [It.] High relief, in sculpture, is the 
projection of a figure half or more, without being entirely 
detached. Cy^c. 

AL'TO-RI-PIE'NO. [It.] The tenor of the great chorus. 

AL'TO-VI-0-LA. [It.J A small tenor viol. 

AL'TO-YI-O-Ll'NO. [It.l A small tenor violin. 

AL-TO-GETH'ER, adv. Wholly ; entirely ; completely ; 
without exception. 

AL'U-DEL, n. In chemistry, aludels are earthen pots with- 
out bottoms. 

AL'UM, n [L alumen ] A mineral salt, of great use in 
medicine and the arts It is a triple sulphate of alumina 
and potassa. 

AL'UMED, a. Mixed with alum. Barret. 

AL'UM-EARTH, n. A massive mineral 

A-LtJ^MI-NA ( "' "^^ earth, or earthy substance. 
A-LtJ'MIN-I-FORM, a. Having thft form of alumina 
AL'U-MIN-lTE, 71. Subsulphate of alumina, a niinera.. 
A-Lu'MI-NOUS, a. Pertaining to alum or alumina. 
A-Lu'MI-NUM, 71. Tlie name given to the supposed metal- 
lic base of alumina. 
AL UM-ISH, a. Having the nature of alum ; somewhat re- 
sembling alum. 
AL UM-SLATE, n. A mineral of two species, common ana 

glossy. 
AL'UM-STONE, n. The siliceous subsulphate of alumina 

and potash. Cleaveland. 
A-Lu'TA, 71. [L.] A species of leather-stone. 
AL-U-Ta TION, n. [L. aluta.] The tanning of leather. 
AL'VE-A-RY, n. [L. alvearium.] The hollow of the ex 

ternal ear, or bottom of the concha. 
AL'VE-O-LAR,, } a. [L. alveolus.] Containing sockets 
AL'VE-0-LA-RY, j hollow cells, or pits ; pertaining to 

sockets. 
AL'VE-O-LATE, a. [L. alveolatus.] Deeply pitted, so as 

to resemble a honey-comb. 
AL'VE-OLE, or AL'VE-0-LUS, n. [L. dim. of alveus.] 1. 
A cell in a bee-hive, or in a fossil. 2. The socket in the 
jaw, in which a tooth is fixed. 3. A sea fossil. 
AL'VE-0-LITE, n. [L. alveolus, and Gr. XiQas-] In natu- 
ral history, a kind of stony polypiers. 
AL'VINE, a. [from alvus, the l«lly.j Belonging to the 

belly or intestmes. Darwin. 
AL-WAR'GRIM, n. The spotted plover. 
AL'WAY, ) adv. 1. Perpetually ; throughout all time 
AL'WAYS, I 2. Continually ; without variation. 3. Con- 
'" tinually or constantly during a certain period, or regular 
ly at stated intervals. 4. At all convenient times ; regu 
larly. .Blway is now seldom used. 
A. M. stand for artimn magister, master of arts, the second 
degree given by universities and colleges ; called, in some 
countries, doctor of philosophy. — A. M. stand also for 
anno mundi, in the year of tiie world. 
AM, the first person of the ve rb to be, in the indicative 
mode, present tense [Sax. eom ; Gr. eijxi ; Goth, im ; 
Pers. ajii.] 
A'MA, or Ha'MA, n. [D. aam.] A vessel to contain wine 

for the eucharist •, a wine measure. 
AM-A-BIL'I-TY, 71. [L. ajnabilis.] Loveliness ; the power 

of pleasing. Taylor, 
A-MAD'A-VAD, n. A small, curious bird. 
AM-A-DET'TO, 71. A sort of pear. 
A-MAD'0-GAD£, 71. A small, beautiful bird in Peru 
AM'A-DOT, 71. A sort of pear. Johnson. 
AM'A-DOU, n. A variety of the boletus igniarius. This Is 
written also amadow, and called black match, and pxfro 
technical spunge, on account of its inflammability. 
A-MaIN', adv. [Sax. a and mcegn.] With force, strength, 

or violence ; violently ; furiously ; suddenly ; at once. 
A-MAL'GAM, n. [Gr. fiaXayfia.] 1. A mixture of mercu- 
ry or quicksilver with another metal. 2. A mixture cr 
compound of different things. 
A-MAL'GA-MATE, v.t. 1. To mix quicksilver with another 
metal. Gregory uses amalgamize. 2. To mix different 
things ; to make a compound ; to unite. 
A-MAL GA-MATE, v. i. To mix or unite in an amalgam ; 

to blend. 
A- MAL'GA-MA-TED, pp. Mixed with quicksilver ; blend- 
ed. 
A-MAL'GA-MA-TING, ppr. Mixing quicksilver with ano- 
ther metal ; compoujiding. 
A-MAL-GA-Ma'TION, 71. 1. The act or operation of mix- 
ing mercury with another metal. 2. The mixing or 
blending of different things. 
f A-MAL'GAME, v. t. To mix metals by amalgamation 

Chaucer. 
t A-MAND', v. t. To send one away. Cockeram. 
t AM-AN-Da'TION, n. Sending on a message. 
AM'A-LOZK, n. A large aquatic fowl of Mexico. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, DoVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SII ; TH as in this. + Obsolete 



AMB 



30 



AMB 



A-MAN'DO-LA, n. A green marble. 

A-MAN-U-EN'SIS, n. [L. from maiius.] A person whose 
employment is to write what another dictates. 

AM'A-RANTH, or AM-A-RANTH'US, n. [Gr. aiiapavros.'] 
F'ower-geiitle ; a genus of plants, of many species, 

AM'A-RANTH, n. A color inclining to purple. 

AiM-A-RANTH INE, a. Belonging to amaranth ; consist- 
ing of, containing, or resembling amaranth. 

A-MAR'1-TUD£, n. [L. amariiudo ] Bitterness. [JSTot 

Vllich tiSBu, 

f A-MARULENCE, n Bitterness. 

1 A-MAR^r-LENT, a. Bitter. 

AM-A-R\ L'LIS, 71. In botany, .ily-daffodil. 

A-MASS', V. t. [Ft, amasser.] 1. To collect into a heap ; 
to gather a great quantity ; to accumulate. 2. To collect 
in great numbers ; to add many things together. 

A-MASS', n. An assemblage, heap, or accumulation. [This 
is superseded by inass.] 

A-MASS'ED, (a-masf) pp. Collected in a heap, or in a great 
quantity or number ; accuumlated. 

A-MaSS'1NG, ppr. Collecting in a heap, or in a large quan- 
tity or number. 

A-MASS'MENT, n. A heap collected ; an accumulation. 

■f A-MaTE', v. i. To accompany ; also, to terrify, to per- 
plex. 

AM-A-TEuR', n. [Fr.] A person attached to a particular 
pursuit, study, or science, as to music or painting ; one 
who has a taste for the arts. Burke. 

t AM-A-TOR'€U-LIST, n. An insignificant lover. 

AM-A-TO'RI-AL, AM-A-To'Rl-OUS, or AM'A-TO-RY, a. 
[L ajnatorius.] 1. Relating to love ; causing love ; pro- 
duced by sexual intercourse. — 2. In anatomy, a term ap- 
plied tq_the oblique muscles of the eye. 

AM-A-To'RI-AL-LY, adv. In an amatorial manner. 

AM-AU-RO'SIS, n. [Gr. afiaupoj.] A loss or decay of sight, 
without any visible defect in the eye, except an immova- 
ble pupil ; called also gutta serena. 

A-MaZE', v. t. To confound with fear, sudden sui-prise, or 
wonder ; to astonish. 

A-MaZE', 71. Astonishment ; confus/nn ; perplexity, aris- 
ing from fear or wonder. It is chiefly used in poetry, 
and is nearly synonymous with amazement. 

A-MaZ'ED, (a-mazd') pp. Astonished ; confounded with 
fear, surprise, or wonder. 

A-MaZ'ED-LY, adv. ^Vith amazement ; in a manner to 
confound. [Little used.] 

A-MAZ'ED-NESS, n. The state of being confounded with 
fear, surprise, or wonder ; astonishment ; great wonder. 

A-jMaZE'MENT, 71. Astonishment ; confusion or perplex- 
ity, from a sudden impression of fear, surprise, or won- 
derj 

A-MaZ'ING, ppr. 1. Confounding with fear, surprise, or 
wonder. 2. a. Very wonderful ; exciting astonishment 
or perplexity. 

A-MAZ'fNG-LY, adv. In an astonishing degree. 

AM A-ZON, 71. [Gr. « and //a^o?.] 1. The Amazons are 
said, by historians, to have been'a race of female warriors, 
who founded an empire on the river Thermodon, in Asia 
Minor._ 2. A warlike or m isculine woman ; a virago. 

AM-A-Zo'NI-AN, a. I. Pertaming to or resembling an Am- 
azon. Applied to females, \)o\A ; of masculine manners ; 
warlike. 2. Belonging to the river Amazon or Maranon, 
in South America, or to Amazonia. 

AMB, AM. About ; around •, used in composition. [Sax. 
emh, ymb ; W. am ; Gr. aix(pL ; L. am or amb.] 

AM-Ba'GES, 71. [L. amb and ago.] 1. A circumlocution ; 
a circuit of words to express ideas which may be ex- 
pressed in fewer words. 2. A winding or turning, 

AM-Ba'GJ-OUS, a. Circumlocutory ; perplexed ; tedious. 

f AM-BAS-SaDE', 71. Embassy. Skak. 

A?iI-BAS'SA-DOR, n. [This is the more common orthogra 
phy ; but good authors write a\so embassador ; and, as the 
orthography of embassy is established, it would be better 
to write embassador. See Embassador.] 

AM-BAS'SA-DRESS, n. The wife of an ambassador. 

AM'BE, or AM'BI, n. [Gr. aju/???.] Literally, a brim •, but in 
surgery, an instrument for reducing dislocated shoulders. 
Also tlie mango tree. 

•■^M'BER, 71. [Fr, ambre ; Sp, am.bar.] A hard, semi-pellu- 
cid substance, tasteless, and without smell, except when 
pounded or heated, when it emits a fragrant odor. It is 
found in alluvial soils, or on the sea shore, in many 
places ; particularly on the shores of the Baltic, in Europe, 
and at Cape Sable, in Maryland, in the United States. 

AM BER, a. Consisting of, or resembling amber. 

AM'BER, V. t. To scent with amber. 

AM'BER-nRINK, n. A drink resembling amber in color. 

AM'BER-DROP-PING, a. I>;opping amber. Milton. 

AMBER-SEED, n. Musk-seed, resembling millet. 

AM'BER-TREE, n. The English name of a species of an- 
thuspermum, a shrub. 



AM'BER-GRIS, n. [amber, and Fr. g:is.] A solid, opake 
ash-colored, inflammable substance, variegated like mar 
ble, remarkably light, rugged on its surface, and highly 
valued as a material in perfumery. 

AM-BI-DEX-TER, n. [L. ambo and dexter.] 1. A person 
who uses both hands with equal facility, 2. A double 
dealer ; one equally ready to act on either side in party 
disputes. — 3. In law, a juror who takes money of both 
parties, for giving his verdict ; an embracer. 

AM-BI-DEX-TER'I-TY, or AM-BI-D£X'TROUS-NESS, n. 
The faculty of using both hands with equal facility 
double dealing ; the taking of money from both parties 
for a verdict. 

AM-BI-DEX'TROUS, a. Having the faculty of using both 
hands with equal ease ; practicing or siding with both 
parties 

AM'BI-ENT, a. [L. amblens.] Surrounding ; encompassing 
on all sides ; investing. 

AM-BIG'E-NAL, a. [L. ambo and geyiu.] An ambigenal 
hyperbola is one of the triple hyperbolas of the second 
order, having one of its infinite legs falling within an an- 
gle formed by the asymptotes, and the other without, 

Afll'BE-GLT, n. 7\ji entertainment, or feast, consisting of a 
medley of dishes. King. 

AM-BI-Gu'I-TY, 71, [L. ambignitas.] Doubtfulness or un- 
certainty of signification, from a word's being susceptible 
of different meanings ; double meaning, 

AM-BIG'U-OUS, a. [L, ambiguus.] Having two or more 
meanings ; doubtful ; being of uncertain signification ; 
susceptible of different interpretations, 

AM-BIG'U-OUS-LY, adv. In an ambiguous manner ; with 
doubtful meaning. 

AM-BIG'U-OLJS-NESS, n. The quality of being ambigu- 
ous ; uncertainty of meaning ; ambiguity ; and, hence, 
obscurity. 

AM-BIL,'E-VOUS, a. [L. ambo and Imvus.] Left-handed , 
on both sides. 

AM-BIL'0-GY, 77, [L, ambo, and Gr, \oyos.] Talk or lan- 
guage of doubtful meaning, 

AM-BIL'0-aUOUS, a. [L. ambo and loquor.] Using am- 
biguous expressions. 

AM'BIT, n. [L. ambitus.] The line that encompasses a 
thing ; in geovietry, the perimeter of a figure. The pe- 
riphery or circumference of a circular body. 

AM-Bi"TION, 77. ['L. ambitio.] A desire of preferment or of 
honor ; a desire of excellence or superiority. It is used 
in a good sense ; as, emulation may spring from a lauda- 
ble ambition. It denotes, also, an inordinate desire of 
power or eminence, often accompanied with illegal 
means to obtain the object, 

AM-Bl"T10N, V. t. [Fr. ambitionner.] Ambitiously to seek 
after. King. [Little used.] 

AM-Bi"TIOUS, a. 1. Desirous of power, honor, office, su- 
periority, or excellence ; aspiring ; eager for fame. 2 
Showy ; adapted to command notice or praise. 3. Eager 
to swell or riss higher. 

AM-Bl"TIOUS-LY, adv. In an ambitious manner. 

AM-Bi"TIOUS-NESS, ti. The quality of being ambitious. 

AM'BLE, V. i. [Fr. ambler.] 1. To move with a certain 
peculiar pace, as a horse, first lifting his two legs on one 
side, and then changing to the other. 2. To move easy, 
without hard shocks. 3. To move by direction, or to 
move affectedly. 

AM'BLE, 71. A peculiar pace of a horse. 

AIM'BLER, 71. A horse wMch ambl«s ; a pace 

AM'BLI-GON, or AM'BLY-GON, n. [Gr. a/^/SXus and 
yMVLu.] An obtuse-angled triangle. 

ABI-BLIG'O-NAL, a. Containing an obtuse angle, 

AM'BLI-GO-NITE, n. [Gr. a|u/?At)ywvtoj.] A greenish-col 
ored mineral. 

AM'BLING, ppr. or a. Lifting the two legs on the same 
side, at first going off, and then changing. 

AM'BLING-LY, adv. With an ambling gait. 

AM'BLY-0-PY, 71. [Gr, afxfS'Xvs and wif ,] Incipient amau- 
rosis ; dullness or obscurity of sight, 

AM'BO, 71, [Gr. a/i/Swv ,- L. umbo.] A reading desk, or pul- 
pit. 

AM-BRE-a'DA, n. A kind of factitious amber. 

AM-BRo'SIA, (am-bro'-zha) n. [(Jr. a and /?porof.] 1. In 
heathen antiquity, the imaginary food of the gods. 2. 
Whatever is very pleasing to th'^ taste or smell. 

AM-BRo'Sl-A€, a. Having the qualities of ambrosia. 

AM-BRo'SIAL, (am-bro'-zhal) a. Partaking of the nature 
or qualities of ambrosia ; fragrant ; delighting the taste 
or smell. Ben Jonson uses ambrosiac in a like sense, and 
Bailey has ambrosian, but these seem not to be warranted 
by usage. 

AM-BRo'SlAN, a. Pertaining to St. Ambrose. 

AM'BRO-SIN, 71. In the middle ages, a coin stnick by the 
dukes of Milan, on which St. Ambrose was represented 

AM'BRY, 71. [contracted from Fr. aumonerie, almonry.] 1 
An almonry ; a place where alms are deposited for (lis ■ 
tribution to the poor. 2. A place in which are deposited 



See Synopsis. A E. I O. U. Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PlN, MARINE, BIRD ;— \ Obsolete 



AME 



tiie utensils for house-keeping ; also a cupboard ; a place 

for cold victuals. 
AMBS-ACE', (amz-ase') n. [L. ambo, and ace^l A double 

ace, as when two dice turn up the ace. 
AM'BU-LANT, a. [L. amSwZans.] Walking ; moving from 

place to place. 
AM-BU-LA'TION, n. [L. ambulatio.] A walking about ; 

the act of walking. 
t AM'BU-LA-TlVE, a. V/alking. 
AM'BU-LA-TOR, n. In entomotogy, a species of lamia. 

Cyc. 
AM'BU-LA-TO-RY, a. 1. That has the power or faculty 

of walking. 2. Pertaining to a walk. 3. Moving from 

place to place ; not stationary. 
AM'BLT-LA-TO-RY, 71. A species of ichneumon 
AM'BU-RY, or AN'BCJ-RY, n. [qu. L. umbo ; Gr. au8o}v.'] 

Among farriers, a tumor or wart on a horse, full of blood. 

♦ AM BUS-GADE, n. [Fr. embuscade.] 1. A lying in wait 
for the purpose of attacking an enemy by surprise. 2. A 
private station in whicli troops lie concealed with a view 
to attack their enemy by surprise ; ambush . Shakspeare 
uses the word ambuscado. 

AM'BUS-€ADE, v. t. To lie in wait for, or to attack from 
a concealed position. 

AM'BUS-€A-DED, pp. Having an ambush laid against, or 
attacked from a private station. 

AM'BUS-€A-DING, ppr. Lying in wait for ; attacking 
from a secret station. 

AM'BIJSH, n. [Fr. embUche.] 1. A private or concealed 
station, where troops lie in wait to attack their enemy by 
surprise. 2. The state of lying concealed, for the purpose 
of attacking by surprise ; a lying in wait. 3. The 
troops posted in a concealed place for attacking by sur- 
prise. 

AM'BUSH, V. t. To lie in wait for ; to surprise by assailing 
unexpectedly from a concealed place. 

AM'BUSH, V. i. To lie in wait, for the purpose of attacking 
by surprise. Trumbull. 

AM'BUSHED, pp. Lain in wait for ; suddenly attacked 
from a concealed station. 

AM'BUSH-ING, ppr. Lying in wait for. 

AM'BtJSH-MENT, 7U An ambush ; which see. 

r AM-BUST', a. [L. ambustus.] Burnt ; scalded. 

AM-BUS'TI0N,7i. [L.avibustio.] Aburning; aburn or scald. 

A-MEI'VA, n. A species of lizard found in Brazil. 

AM'EL, n. [Fr. email.] The matter with which metallic 
bodies are overlaid ; but its use is superseded by enamel. 

A-MeL'IO-RATE, v. t. [Fr. ameliorer.] To make better ; 
to improve ; to meliorate. Christ. Obs. Buchanan. 

A-MeL'IO-RATB, v. i. To grow better ; to meliorate. 

A-MeL-IO-Ra'TION, n. A making or becoming better ; 
improvement ; melioration. 

* A-MEN'. This word, with slight differences of orthogra- 
phy, is in all the dialects of the Assyrian stock. As a 
verb, it signifies to confirm, establish, verify ; to trust, or 
give confidence ; as a noun, truth, firmness, trust, confi- 
dence ; as an adjective, firm, stable. In English, after 
the oriental manner, it is used at the beginning, but more 
generally at the end of declarations and prayers, in the 
sense of, be it firm, be it established. The word is used 
also as a noun. " All the promises of God are amen in 
Christ ;" that is, firmness, stability, constancy. 

A-Me'NA-BLE, a. [It. menare ; Fr. mcner.] Liable to an- 
swer ; responsible ; answerable ; liable to be called to 
account. 

t AM'EN-AGE, v. t. To manage. Spenser. 

t AM EN-ANCE, n. Conduct ; behavior. Spenser. 

A-MEND', V. t. [Fr. amender ; L. emendo.] 1. To correct ; 
to rectify by expunging a mistake. 2. To reform, by 
quitting bad habits •, to make better in a moral sense. 3. 
To con-ect ; to supply a defect ; to improve or make bet- 
ter, by adding what is wanted, as well as by expunging 
what is wrong. 

A-MEND', V. i. To grow or become better, by reformation, 
or rectifying something wrong in manners or morals. 

A-MEND', n. [Fr.] A pecuniary punishment or fine. 
The amende honorable, in France, is an infamous punish- 
ment inflicted on traitors, parricides, and sacrilegious 
persons. These words denote also a recantation in open 
court, or in presence of the injured person. 

A-MEND' A-BLE, a. That may be amended ; capable of 
correction. 

A-MEND' A-TO-RY, a. That amends ; supplying amend- 
ment ; corrective. 

A-MEND'ED, pp. Corrected ; rectified ; reformed ; improv- 
ed, or altered for the better. 

A-MEND'ER, n. The person that amends. 

T A-MEND'FUL, a. Full of improvement. 

A-MEND'ING, ppr. Conecting : reforming ; altering for 
the better. 

A-MEND'MENT, n. 1. An alteration or change for the bet- 
ter ; reformatum of life. 2. A word, clause, or paragraph, 
added or proposed to be added to a bill before a legislature. 
— 3. In law, the correction of an error in a writ or process. 



31 AMM 

A-MENDS', n. plu. [Fr. amende.] Compensation for an id 

jury : recompense ; satisfaction ; equivalent. 
A-MEN'I-TY, M. [L amcenitas ;FT.a77ienite.] Pleasantness 

agreeableness of situation ; that which delignts the eye 
AM'ENT, 71. [L. amentum.] In botany, a species of inflo- 

rescence^from a common, chaffy receptacle. 
A-MEN-Ta'CEOUS, a. Growing in an ament ; resembling 

a thong. 
t A-MEN'TY, n. [Fr. amentie.] Madness. 
A-MERCE', (a-mers') v. t. [a for on, or at, and Fr. merci,] 

1. To inflict a penalty at mercy ; to punish by a pecunia- 
ry penalty, the amount of which is not fixed by law, but 
left to the discretion or mercy of the court. 2. To inflict 
a pecun%ry penalty •, to punish in general. 

A-MERCE'A-BLE, a. Liable to amercement. 

A-MER'CED, (a-merst')pp. Fined at the discretion of a court 

A-MERCE'M£N1', (a-mers'-ment) n. A pecuniary penalty 
inflicted on an offender at the discretion of the court. 

A-MER'CER, n. One who sets a fine at discretion upon an 
offender. 

t A-MER'CIA-MENT, n. Amercement. Selden. 

A-MER'I-€A, n. [from Amerigo Vespucci.] One of the 
great continents. 

A-MER'I-€AN, a. Pertaining to America. 

A-MER'I-€AN, n. A native of America ; originally applied 
to the aboriginals, or copper-colored races, found here by 
the Europeans ; but now applied to the descendants of 
Europeans born in America. 

A-MER'I-€AN-ISM, n. An American idiom •, the love 
which American citizens liave for their own country. 

A-MER'I-€AN-lZE, v. t. To. render American ; to natu- 
ralize in America. 

A-MER'I-CIM, n. A species of lizard. 

AM'ESS, 71. A ^riest"s vestment. See AiircE. 

t AM-E-THOD'I-€AL, a. Out of method : irregular. 

t A-METH'O-DIST, n. A quack. 

AM'E-THYST, n. [L. amethystus.] A sub-species of 
quartz, of a violet blue color, of different degrees of in- 
tensity. It is wrought into various articles of jewelry. 

AM'E-THYST, in heraldry, signifies a purple color. 

AM-E-THYST'INE, a. Pertaining to or resembling amethyst 

AM'I-A, n. A genus of fish in Carolina. 

A'MI-A-BLE, a. [Fr. amiable ; L. amabilis.] 1. Lovely ; 
worthy of love •, deserving of affection 5 applied usually 
to persons. 2. Pretending or showing love. Shak. 

A'MI-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of deserving love ; 
loveliness. 

A'MI-A-BLY, adv. In an amiable manner ; in a manner 
to excite or attract love. 

AM'I-ANTH, > 71. [Gt. ajuavTog.] Earth-flax, or moun- 

AM-I-ANTH'US, ) tain flax ; a mineral substance, some- 
what resembling flax. 

AM-I-ANTH'I-FORM, a. Having the form or likeness of 
amianth. 

AM-I-ANTH'IN-lTE, n. A species of amorphous mineral, 
a variety of actinolite. 

AM-I-ANTH'OID, 71. [amianth, and Gr. £t8os.] A mineral 
wJiich occurs in tufts, composed of long capillary fila- 
ments, flexible and very elastic. 

AM-I-ANTH'OID, a Resembling amianth in form. 

AM'I-€A-BLE, a. [L,. amicabilis.] 1. Friendly; peace- 
able ; harmonious in social or mutual transactions. 2 
Disposed to peace and friendship. 

AM'I-€A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being peaceable or 
friendly •, friendliness. 

AM'I-€A-BLY, adv. In a friendlv manner. 

fA-MI'CAL, a. Friendly. fF. Watson. 

AM'ICE, 71. [L. amictus.] A square linen cloth that a Cath- 
olic priest ties about his neck, hanging down behind un- 
der the alb, when he officiates at mass. 

A-MID', I prep, [a, and Sax. 7/iirf<^.J 1. In the midst or 

A-MIDST', \ middle. 2. Among ; mingled with. 3. 
Surrounded, encompassed, or enveloped with. Amid is 
used mostly in poetry. 

A-MID'-SHIPS. In marine language, the middle of a ship 
with regard to her length and breadth. 

AM'I-LOT, n. A white fish in the Mexican lakes. 

AMISS', a. 1. Wrong ; faulty ; out of order ; improper 

2. adv. In a faulty manner ; contrary to propriety, truth^ 
law, or morality. 

t A-MISS', 71. Culpability ; fault. Shak. 

t A-MISS'ION, n. Loss. More. 

t A-MIT', V. t. To lose. Brown. 

AM'I-TY, n. [Fr. amitii.] Friendship, in a general sense, 
between individuals, societies, or nations ; harmony- 
good understanding. 

AM'MA, 71. [Heb. DN.] 1. An abbess, or spiritual moth 
er. 2. A girdle er truss used in ruptures. [Gr. a/u/^a. J 

AM'MAN, n. [G amtmavn ; D. amptman.] In some Euro- 
pean nations, a judge who has cognizance of civil causes 
In France, a notary. 

AM'MTTE, or HAM'MTTE, n. [Gr. a////of.] A sand-stone 
or free-stone, of a pale-brown color. 



eSynopsis MOVE BQQK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE •,— € as K ; G as J • S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f ObsoleU 



AMO 32 



AM'MO-CETE, n. An obsolete name of the ammorfj/te. In 

Cuvier, the name of a genus of fish. 
AM'MO-€HRYSE, n. [Gr. ajujuoj and XF"""?-] -^ yellow, 

soft stone , found in Germany. 
AX MO-DYTE, 71. [Gr. au//oj and 6vo).\ The sand eel, a 

genus of fish of the apodal order. 
AM-MO'NI-A, or AM'MO-NY, n. Volatile alkali ; a sub- 
stance, which, in its purest form, exists in a state of gas. 
AM-MO'NI-A€, o*- AM-MO-Nl'A-€AL, a. Pertaining to 

ammonia, or pi ssessing its properties. 
AM-Mo'NI-A€, or AM-Mo'ISI-AG GUM, n. A gum resin, 

from Afr ica and the East. 
AM-MC' JNII-AN, a. Relating to Ammonias, surnamed Sac- 
cas, of Al'^xandria, the founder of the eclectic system of 
philosophy. 
AM MO-JNiTE, 7t. [cornu ammonis, from Jupiter Jlmmon.'] 
Serpent-stone, or cornu ammonis, a fossil shell, curved 
into a spiral form, like a ram's horn. 
AM-M6'NI-UM, ?i. A name given to the supposed metallic 

basis of ammonia. 
AM-i\IO-NT'U-RET, n. The solution of a substance in am- 
monia. Ed, Encyc. 
AM-MU-Nl"TION, n. [L. ad and munitio.] Military stores, 
or provisions for attack or defense. In mudem usage, 
the signification is confined to the articles which are used 
in the discharge of fire-arms and ordnance of all kinds ; 
as powder, balls, bombs, various kinds of shot, &c. — jS/ra- 
munition-bread, bread, or other provisions to supply troops. 
AM'NES-TY, n. [Gr. ajuvjycma.] An act of oblivion ; a 
general pardcn of the offenses of subjects against the gov- 
ernment, or the proclamation of sucn pardon, 
t AM-N1€'0-LIST, n. One who dwells near a river. 
AM-NIG'E-NOU?, a. Born of a river. 
AM'NI-OS, or A M'NI-ON, n. [Gr. aixviov.] The innermost 

membrane su .rounding tlie fetus in the womb. 
AM-Nl-OT'I€, a. Obtained from the liquor of the amnios. 
AM-O-Be'AN, a. Alternately answering. JVarton. 
AM-0-Be'UM, n. [Gr. aiioi(3aios.] A poem in which per- 
sons are represented as speaking alternately 
t AM-0-Ll''TION, 71. A removal ; a putting away. Bp. 

Ward. 
A-Mo'MUM, 71. [Gr. a^w/iov.] A genus of plants, all na- 
tives of warm climates, and remarkable for their pungen- 
cy and aromatic properties. — True amomum is a round 
fruit, from the East, of the size of a grape. 
A-M6NG', (a-mung') ) p?-ej?. [Sax. onmang, ongcmang.'] 

A-M6NGST', (a-mungsf) \ 1. In a general or primitive 
sense, mixed or mingled with. 2. Conjoined or associated 
with, or making part of the number. 3. Of the number. 
A-Mo'NI-AN, a. [from. Jlmmon or HAmmon.] Pertaining to 
Jupiter Ammon, or to his temple and worship in Upper 
Egypt. 
AM-O-RA'DOp 71. [L. amor.] A lover. See Inamorato, 

wliich is chiefly used. 
A-Mo'RE, n. A name given, by Marcgrave, to a tribe of 

fish, ofjhree species, the pizuma, guacu, and tinga. 
AM-0-Re'ANS, 71. A sect of Gemaric doctors or commen- 
tators on the Jerusalem Talmud. 
AM-O-RET', n. [L. amor ; Fr. amourette.] A lover ; an am- 
orous woman ; also, a love-knot, or a trifling love afl^air. 
Chaucer. 
AM'O-RIST, 71. [L. amor.} A lover ; a gallant ; an inamo- 
rato. Boyle. 
t A-MORN'INGS, adv. In the mornings. 
AM-0-Ro'SA, 71. j^It.J A wanton woman. 
■ ■" ' ■ lover-, a man enamored. 

imoreux.] 1. Inclined to love ; hav- 
ing a propensity to love, or to sexual enjoyment ; loving ; 
fond. 2. In love ; enamored. Shak. 3. Pertaining or 
relating to love ; produced by love ; indicating love. 
Milton. Waller. 
AM'0-ROUS-LY, adv. In an amorous manner. 
AM'O-ROUS-NESS, n. The quality of being inclined to 

love, or to sexual pleasure ; fondness. 
A-MORPH'A, 71. [Gr. a and nop(pri.] False or bastard indi 

go, a native plant of Carolina. 
A-MORPH'OUS, a. [Gr. a and jJiofxpv.] Having no deter- 
minate form 5 of irregular shape. 
A-MORPH'Y, 7J. Irregularity of form ; deviation from a de- 
terminate shape. Swift. 
A-MOR'l ', adv. [L. mors, mortuus.] In the state of the 

dead. Shak. 
A-M0R-iI-Za'TI0N, or A-MORT'IZE-MENT, 71. The 
act or right of alienating lands or tenements to a corpora- 
tion. 
A-MORT'lZE, V. t. [Norm, amortiier.j In English law, 
to alienate in mortmain, that is, to sell to a corporation, 
sole or aggregate, ecclesiastical or temporal, and their 
sucj;essors. 7'his was considered as selling to dead hands. 
A-MO'TION, 71. [L. amotio.] Pv.emovai Warton. 
A-MOUNT', V. i. [Fr. monter.] 1. To rise to or reach, by 
an accumulation of particulars into an aggregate whole 3 
to compose :n the whole. 2. To rise, reach, or extend 



Afti-U-K,0'C5/i., n. I ll.J A 

AM-O-RO'SO, 71. Jit.] A 
AM'O-ROUS, a. [Fr. amo 



AMP 

to, in effect, or substance ; to result in, by consequence 
when all things are considered. 

A-MOUNT', 71. 1. The sum total of two or more particula., 
sums or quantities. 2. The effect, substance, or result ^ 
the sum. 

A-MOUNT'ING, ppr. Rising to, by accumulation or addi 
tion ; resulting, in effect or substance. 

A-MOUR', 71. [Fr.] An unlawful connection in love ; a 
love intrigue ; an affah- of gallantry. 

t A-M5V'AL, n. [L. amoveo.] Total removal. 

I A-MoVE', V. t. [L. amoveoi] To remove. Hall. 

AM'PEL-ITE, 71. [Gr. ajuTrcXoj.J Cannel coal, or candle 
coal, an inflammable substance. 

AM-PHIB'I-AL, or AM-PHIB'I-A, n. [Gr. a/^^i and /Stoj.' 
In zoology, amphibials are a class of animals, so formeS 
as to live on land, and for a long time under water. 

AM-PHIBT-O-LlTE, n. [Gr. an^ifiios and At0oj.] A frag- 
ment of a petrified amphibious animal. 

AM-PHIB-I-0-LOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to amphibiology 

Aftl-PHIB-I-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. afx^i, jSios, and \oyos.] A 
discourse or treatise on amphibious animals, or the histo- 
ry and description of such animals. 

AM-PHIB'I-CUS, a. 1. Having the power of living in two 
elements, air and water. 2. Of a mixed nature ; partak- 
ing of two natures. 

AM-PHIB'I-OUS-NESS, n The qxiality of being able to 
live in two elements, or of partaking of two natures. 

AM-PHIB'I-UM, 71. That which lives in two elements, as 
in air and water. 

AMPHI-BOLE, n. [Gr. aii(pi0o\os ; ajxcpt and /SaXAw.] A 
name given by Haiiy to a species of minerals, including 
tlie treuiolite, hornblend, and actinolite. 

AM-PHI-BOL'I€, a. Pertaining to amphibole ; resembling 
amphibole. Cooper. 

AM-PHEB-0-LOG'I-CAL, a. Doubtful ; of doubtful meaning 

AM-PHIB-0-LOG'I-€AL-LY, adv. With a doubtful meaning. 

AM-PHI-BOL'0-GY, n. [Gr. aixcpiPoXoyi-a.] A phrase or 
discourse susceptible of two interpretations ; and, hence, 
a phrase of uncertain meaning. 

AM-PHIB'0-LOUS, a. [Gr. a//0(/?oXo?.] Tossed from one to 
another ; strikmg each way, with mutual blows. [L. u.] 

AM-PHIB'0-LY, 71. [Gr. a[x(pij3oXia.] Ambiguity of mean- 
ing. Spelman. [Rarely used.] 

AM'PHI-BRACH, n. [Gr. a/^^V and ^pa^vi.] In poetry, a 
foot of three syllables, the middle one long, the first and 
last short ; as, habere, in Latin. 

AM'PHI-€OME, 71. [Gr. a^icpi and /co//*?.] A kind of figured 
stone, of a round shape. 

AM-PHI€-TY-ON'I€, a. Pertaining to the august council 
of Amphictyons. 

AM-PHIG'TY-ONS, n. In Grecian history, an assembly or 
council of deputies from the different states of Greece, 
who sat at Thermopylae, but ordinarily at Delphi. 

AM'PHI-GENE, n. [Gr. a/jKpi and yevos.] In mineralogy, 
anothei name of the leucite or Vesuvian. 

AM-PHI-HEX-A-He DRAL, a. [Gr. a//^£,and hexahedral.] 
In crystalography, when the faces of the crystal, counted 
in two different directions, give two Iiexahedral outlines, 
or are found to be six in number. 

AM-PHIM'A-CER, 7)-. [Gr. afJiCpifxaKpoi.] In ancient poetry , 
a foot of three syllables., the middle one short, and the 
others long, as in castitas. 

AM-PHIS'BEN, ; n. [Gr. aucbicBaiva.] A genus of ser- 

AM-PHIS-BE'NA, \ pents. 

AM-PHIS'CI-i, or AM-PHIS'CIANS, n. [Gr. aiKpi and 
aKia.] In geography, the inhabitants of the tropics, whose 
shadows, m one part of the year, are cast to the north, 
and in the other, to the south. 

AM'PHI-TANE, n. A name given by ancient naturalists to 
a fossil, called by Dr. Hill, pyricuhium. 

AM-PHI-THe'A-TRE, } n. [Gr. apcpidearpov.] An edifice 

AM-PHI-THe'A-TER, <f in an oval or circular form, hav- 
ing its area encompassed with rows of seats, rising higher 
as they recede from the area, on \.'hich people used to sit 
to view the combats of gladiators and of wild beasts, and 
other sports. 

AM-PHI-THe'A-TRAL, a. Resembling an amphitheatre 
Tooke. 

AM-PHI-THE-AT'RI-€AL, a. Pertaining to, or exhibited 
in, an amphitheatre. Warton. 

AM'PHI-TRTTE, n. [Gr. aiKpirpirrj.] A genus of marine 

animals, of the Linnean order mollusca. 
AMTHOR, ) n. [L. amphora.] Among the Greeks and 
AM'PHC)-RA, \ Romans, a liquid measure. 
AM'PLE, a. [Fr. ample ,• L. amphis.] 1. Large ; wide ; 
spacious ; extended ; as, ample room. 2. Great in bulk, 
or size. Shak. 3. Liberal ; unrestrained ; without par- 
simony ; fully sufficient ; as, ample justice. 4. Liberal ; 
magnificent; as, a7)2pZe promises. 5. Diffusive ; not brief 
or contracted ; as, an ample narrative. 
AMTLE-NESS, 71. Largeness ; spaciousness ; sufficiency ; 
abundance. 



* See Synapsis 5, E, I, O V,^, long.— F KB., FALL, WfHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BtRD •,— t Obsolete 



AN 



33 



ANA 



AM-PLEX'I-€AUL, a. [L. amplexor.] In botany, surround- 
ing, or embracing the stem, as the base of a leaf. 

IM'PLI-ATE, V. t. [L. amplio.] To enlarge ; to make 
greater ; to extend. [Little used.] 

A.M-PLI-a'TION, n. 1. Enlargement; amplification ; dif- 
fuseness. [Little used.] — 2. In Roman antiquity, a defer- 
ring to pass sentence. 

AM-PLir'I-€ATE, v. t. [L amplifico.] To enlarge ; to 
amplify. 

AM-PLIF-I-€a'TION, n. [L. amplificatio.] 1. Enlarge- 
ment ; extension. — 2. In rhetoric, diffusive description, 
or discussion , exaggerated representation ; diffuse nar- 
rative, or a dilating upon all the particula'-s of a subject. 

AM'PLI-FIED, pp. Enlarged ; extended. 

AM'PLI-FI-ER, n. One who amplifies or enlarges. 

AM'PLI-FY, V. t. [Fr. amplifier ; L. amplifico.] 1. To en- 
large ; to augment ; to increase or extend —2. In rhetoric, 
to enlarge in discussion, or by representation ; to treat 
copiously, so as to present the subject in every view. 3. 
To enlarge by addition 

AM'PLI-FY, v.i.l. To speak largely, or copiously ; to be 
diffuse in argument or description •, to dilate upon. 2. 
To exaggerate •, to enlarge by representation or descrip- 
tion. 

AM'PLI-FY-ING, ppr. Enlarging ; exaggerating ; diffu- 
sively treating. 

AM'PLI-TUDE, n. [L. amplitudo.] 1. Largeness ; ex- 
tent applied to bodies. 2. Largeness ; extent of capa- 
city, or intellectual powers. 3. Extent of means or 
power ; abundance ; sufficiency. — Amplitude, in astrono- 
viy, is an arch of the horizon intercepted between the 
east and west point, and the centre of the sun or star at 
its rising or setting. — Amplitude of the range, in projec- 
tiles, is the horizontal line subtending the path of a body 
thrown, or the line- which measures the distance it has 
moved. — Magneti^al amplitude is the arch of the horizon 
betveen the sun or a star, at rising or setting, and the 
east or west point of the horizon, by the compass. Encyc. 

AMPLY, adv. Largely ; liberally ; fully ; sufficiently ; co- 
piously ; in a diffusive manner. 

AM'PU-TATE, V. t. [L. amputo.] 1. To prune branches 
of trees or vines ; to cut off. 2. To cut off a limb or other 
part of an animal body ; a term of surgery. 

AM'PU-TA-TED, p;?. Cut off; separated from the body. 

AM'PU-TA-TING, ppr. Cutting off a limb or part of the 
body. 

AM-PU-Ta'TION, n. [L. amputatio.] The act or operation 
of cutting off a limb or some part of the body. 

AM'U-LET, n. [L. amuletum.] Something worn as a rem- 
edy or preservative against evils or mischief, such as dis- 
eases and witchcraft. Amulets, in days of ignorance, 
were common. 

AM-UR-€6S'I-TY, n. The quality of lees. 

A-MuSE', V. t. [Fr. amuser.] 1. To entertain the mind 
agreeably ; to occupy or detain attention with agreeable 
objects, whether by singing, conversation, or a show of 
curiosities. 2. To detain ; to engage the attention by 
hope or expectation. 

A-MuS'ED, (a-muzd') pp. Agreeably entertained ; having 
themind engaged by something pleasing 

A-MtJSE'MENT, n. That which amuses, detains, or enga- 
ges the mind ; entertainment of the mind ; pastime ; a 
pleasurable occupation of the senses, or that which fur- 
nishes it, as dancing, sports, or music. 

A-MuS'ER, n. One who amuses, or affords an agreeable 
entertainment to the mind. 

A-^ItfS'ING, ppr. or a. Entertaining ; giving moderate 
pleasure to the mind, so as to engage it ; pleasing. 

A-MuS'ING-LY, adv. In an amusing manner. 

A-Mu'SIVE, a. That has the power to amuse or entertain 
themind. 

A-MU'SIVE-LY, adv. In an amusive manner. 

A-MYG'DA-LATE, a. [I,, amygdalus.] Made of almonds. 

A-MYG'DA-LATE, n. An emulsion made of almonds ; 
milk of almonds. 

A-MYG'DA-LINE, a. Pertaining to or resembling the al- 
mond. 

A-MYG'DA-LlTE, n. A plant ; a species of spurge. 

A-MYG'DA-LOID. n. [Gr. aiivy^aXta.] Toad-stone. 

A-MYG'DA-LOID-AL, a. Pertaining to amygdaloid. 

AM-Y-La'CEOUS, a. [L. am%jlum.] Pertaining to starch, 
or the farinaceous part of grain ; resembling starch. 

AM'Y-LINE, n. [L amylum.] A farinaceous substance 

between gum and starch 
AM'Y-RALD-ISM, n. In church history, the doctrine of 

universal grace, as explained by Amyraldus. 
A MYZ'TLI, 71. A Mexican name of the sea-lion. 
AN, a. [Sax. an, ane, one ; D. een ; Ger. ein : Sw. and 
Dan. en ; Fr. on, un, une ; Sp. un, uno ; It. uno, una ; L. 
umis, una, unum ; Gr. ev ; Ir. ein, ean, aon ; W. un, yn.] 
One ; noting an individual ; either definitely, known, cer- 
tain, specified, or understood ; or indefinitely, not certain, 
known, or specified. Definitely ; as, " Noah built an ark 
of gopher wood." " Paul was aw eminent apostle." In- 



definitely ; as, " Bring me an orange." Before a conso 
nant, the letter n is dropped ; as, a man. 

AN, in old English authors, signifies if i as, ^'^ an it please 
your honor." 

A'NA, aa, or a. [Gr. ava.] In 77ierftca? ^prescriptions, it sig- 
nifies an equal quantity of the severa' ingredients ; as, 
wine and honey, ana, Qa, or a g ii. that is, of wine and 
honey each two ounces. 

A'NA, as a termination, is annexed to the names of authors 
to denote a collection of their memorable sayings. Thus, 
Scaligerana is a book containiiig the sayings of Scaliger. 
It was used by the Romans, as in Collectaneus, collected, 
gathered. 

AN-A-BAP'TISM, 77. The doctrine of the Anabaptists 

AN-A-BAP'TIST, n. [Gr. ava and (3aTrricrTr]s.] One who 
holds the doctrine of the baptism of adults, or of the inva-"^ 
lidity of infant baptism, and the necessity of rebaptiza- 
tion in an adult age. 

AN-A-BAP-TIST'I€, ) a. Relating to the Anabaptists 

AN-A-BAP-TIST'I-€AL, i or to their doctrines. 

AN-A-BAP'TIST-RY, n. The sect of Anabaptists. 

t AN-A-BAP-TIZE', v. t. To rebaptize. Whitlock. 

ANA€A, n. A species of paroquet, about the size of a 
lark. 

AN-A-€A]VIP'TI€, a. [Gr. ava and Ka/irrro.] Reflecting or 
reflected. 

AN-A-€AMP'TieS, 71. The doctrine of reflected light. Sec 
CatoptriCs. 

AN-A-€aR'DIUM, n. The cashew-nut, or marking nut. 

AN-A-€A-THAR'TI€, a. [Gr. ava and KaBapca.] Throw- 
ing upwards ; cleansing, by exciting vomiting, expecto- 
ration, &c. 

AN-A-€A-THaR'TI€, n. A medicine which excites dis- 
charges by the mouth or nose. 

AN-A-CEPH-A-L^-O'SIS, n. [Gr. avaKE<pa\dLwaii.] Re- 
capitulation of the heads of a discourse. 

AN-A€H'0-RET. See Anchoret. 

AN-A-€HO-RET'I-eAL, a. Relating to an anachoret, or 
anchoret. 

AN-A€H'R0-NISM, n. [Gr. ava and ;^poi/off.] An error in 
computing time ; any error in chronology. 

AN-A€H-RO-NIS'TI€, a. Erroneous in date ; containing 
an anachronism. Warton. 

AN-A-€LAS'TI€, a. [Gr. ava and /cXaaij.] Refracting ; 
breaking the rectilinear course of light. 

AN-A-CLAS TICS, n. That part of optics which treats of 
the refraction of light, commonly called dioptrics, which 
see. 

AN-A-COE-No'SIS, 71. [Gr. avaxoivwo-jj.] A figure of rhet- 
oric, by which a speaker applies to his opponents for their 
opinion on the point in debate. 

AN-A-€OND'A, n. A name given in Ceylon to a large 
snake, a species of boa. 

A-NAC-RE-ON'TIC, a. Pertaining to Anacreon. 

A-NAC-RE-ON'TI€, n. A poem composed in the manner 
of Anacreon. 

AN'A-DeME, n. [Gr. avaSri/ia.] A chaplet or crown of 
flowers. W. Browne. 

AN-A-DI-PLo'SIS, 71. [Gr. ava and Snr\oos.'] Duplication, 
a figm-e in rhetoric and poetry, consisting in the repeti- 
tion of the last word or words in a line or clause of a sen- 
tence, in the beginning of the next. 

A-NAD'RO-MOUS, a. [Gr. ava and Spojios.] Ascending ; a 
word applied to such fish as pass from the sea into fresh 
waters, at stated seasons. 

AN'A-GLYPH, n. [Gr. ava and yXt)0w.] An ornament 
made by sculpture. 

AN-A-GLYPTIC, a. Relating to the art of carving, en- 
graving, enchasing, or embossing plate. 

AN'A-GO-GE, or AN'A-G0-6Y, n. [Gr. avaywyn.] An ele- 
vation of mind to things celestial ; the spiritual meaning 
or application of words. 

t AN-A-GO-GET'I-CAL, a. Mysterious. 

AN-A-GOG'I-€AL, a. Mysterious ; elevated ; spiritual. 

AN-A-GOG'I-CAL-LY, adv. In a mysterious sense ; with 
religious elevation. 

AN-A-GOG'ICS, 71. Mysterious considerations. 

ANA-GRAM, n. [Gr. ava and ypa/z/za.] A transposition o' 
the letters of a name, by which a new word is formed. 
Thus Oalenus becomes angelus ; William JK^oy, (attorney 
general to Charles I., a laborious man,) reay be turned 
into Imoyl in law. 

AN-A-GRAM-MAT'IC, ) Makin? in amiTram 

AN-A-GRAM-MAT'I-€AL,J ^- ^lafemg an anagram. 

AN-A-GRAM-MAT'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of au 
anagram. 

AN-A-GRAM'MA-TISM, 71. The act or practice of making 
anagrams. Camden. 

AN-A-GRAM'MA-TIST, n. A maker of anagrams. 

AN-A-GRAM'MA-TiZE, 7?. i. To make anagrams 

AN'A-GROS, 71. A measure of grain in Spain, containing 
something less than two bushels. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z • CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete , 



ANA 



34 



AJ^fC 



A'NAL, a. [L. anus.\ Pertaining to the anus 

A-NAL'CIM, ) n. Cubic zeolite, found in aggregated or 

A-NAL'CIME, \ cubic crystals. 

AN'A-LE€TS, n. [Gr. ava and Xsyco.] A collection of 
short e«!says, or remarks, Evcyc. 

AN'A-LEM-MA, n. [Gr. avaXijjjiixa.] 1. In geometry, a 
projection of the sphere on the plane of the meridian, or- 
thographical ly made by straight lines, cucles, and ellip- 
ses, the eye being supposed at an infinite distance, and 
in the east or west points of the horizon. 2. An instru- 
ment of wood or brass, on which this kind of projection is 
drawn. 

AN-A-LEFSIS, n. [Gr. ava'Xv^'is.] The augmentation or 
nutrition of an emaciated body •, recovery of strength af- 
ter a disease. 

AN-A-LEP'T[€, a. Corroborating ; invigorating ; giving 
strength after disease. 

AN-A-LEP'TI€, n. A medicine which gives strength ; a 
restorative. 

t AN-AL'0-GAL, a. Analogous. Hale. 

AN-A-L06'I-€AL, a. Having analogy ; used by way of 
analogy ; bearing some relation. 

AN-A-L06'I-€AL-LY", adv. In an analogical manner ; by 
way of similitude, relation, or agreement. 

AN-A-L06'I-€AL-NESS, n. The quality of being analogi- 
cal. 

AN-AL'0-6ISM, n. [Gr. avaXoyKTiiog.] An argument from 
the cause to the effect. Johnson. Investigation of things 
by the analogy they bear to each other. Crabbe. 

AN-AL'0-6IST, n. One who adheres to analogy. 

AN-AL'0-6lZE, v. t. To explain by analogy ; to form 
some resemblance between different things ; to consider 
a thing with regard to its analogy to something else. 

A-NAL'0-GOUS, a. Having analogy ; bearing some resem- 
blance or proportion. 

A-NAL'0-GOUS-LY, adv. In an analogous manner. 

A-NAL'0-6Y, n. [Gr. avaXoyia.l 1. An agreement or 
likeness between things in some circumstances or elfects, 
when the things are otherwise entirely difliferent. 2. 
With grammarians, analogy is a conformity of words to 
the genius, structure, or general rules of a language. 

A-NAL'Y-SIS, 71. [Gr. avakvais.'] 1. The separation of a 
compound body into its constituent parts ; a resolving. 
2. A consideration of any thing in its separate parts •, an 
examination of the different parts of a subject, eacli sepa- 
rately. It is opposed to synthesis. — In mathematics, anal- 
ysis is the resolving of problems by algebraic equations. — 
In logic, analysis is the tracing of things to their source, 
and the resolving of knowledge into its original princi- 
ples. 3. A syllabus, or table of the principal heads of a 
continued discourse, disposed in their natural order. 4. 
A brief, methodical illustration of the principles of a 
science. — In this sense, it is nearly synonymous with 
synopsis. 

AN'A-LYST, n. One who analyzes, or is versed in analy- 
sis. Kirwan. 

AN-A-LYT'ie, \ a. Pertaining to analysis ; that re- 

AN-A-LYT'I-€AL, \ solves into first principles ; that 
separates into parts, or original principles •, that resolves 
a compound body or subject. It is opposed to synthetic. 

AN-A-LYT'I-CAL-LY, adv. In the manner of analysis. 

AN-A-LYT'I€S, n. The science of analysis. 

AN'A-L"?ZE, V. t. [Gr. avaXvii).'] To resolve a body into 
its elements ; to separate a compound subject into its 
parts or propositions, for the purpose of an examination 
of each separately. 

AN'A-L?ZED, -pp. Resolved into its constituent parts or 
principles, for examination. 

AN'A-LYZ-ER, n. One who analyzes ; that which ana- 
lyzes, or has the power to analyze. 

AN'A-L^Z-ING, ppr. Resolving" into elements, constituent 
parts, or first principles. 

* AN-A-MORPH'0-SIS, n. [Gr. ava and ^op^wcrif.J In per- 
spective drawings, a deformed or distorted portrait or fig- 
ure, which, in one point of view, is confused or unintel- 
ligible, and, in another, is an exact and regular representa- 
tion. 

A-Na'NAS, 71. The name of a species of pine-apple. 

AN'A-PEST, 71. [Gr. ava and iratw.] In poetry, a foot, con- 
sisting of three syllables, the two first short, the last long. 

AN-A-PEST'I€, 71. The anapestic measure. 

AN-A-PEST'I€, a. Pertaining to an anapest , consisting of 
anapestic feet. 

A-NAPH'0-RA, n. [Gr. from ava^epw.] 1. A figure in 
rhetoric, 'when the same word or words are repeated at 
the beginning of two or more succeeding verses or clauses 
of a sentence — 2. Among physicians, the discharge of 
blood, or purulent matter by the mouth. 

AN-A-PLE-ROT X€, a. [Gr. avaTr\r)po(,).] Filling up ; sup- 
plying or renc ^^ting flesh. 

AN-A-PLE-RC r'I€, n. A medicine which renews flesh or 
wasted parts. Coxe 



AN'AR€H, n. The author of confusion ; one who exclt 
revolt. Milton 

A-NAR€H'I€, ) a. Without rule or government ; in a 

A-NaR€H'I-€AL, ) state of confusion ; applied to a state 
or society. Fielding uses anarchial. 

f AN'AR€H-ISM, n. Confusion. 

AN'AR€H-IST, n. An anarch ; one who excites revolt, oi 
promotes disorder in a state 

AN'AR€H-Y, n. [Gr. avap')(^La.] Want of government ; a 
state of society when there is no law or supreme power 
or when the laws are not efficient ; political confusion. 

A-NAR'HI-€HAS, n. The sea wolf. 

Z'NAS, 71. [L.] A genus of water fowl. 

AN-A-SAR'CA, 71. [Gt. ava and aap^.] A species of drop- 
sy, from a serous humor spread between the skin end 
flesh. 

AN-A-SXR'COUS, a. Belonging to anasarca, or dropsy ; 
dropsical 

A-NAS-TO-MAT'IC, a. Having the quality of removing 
obstructions. 

A-NAS'TO-MOSE, v.i. [Gr. ava and (TTOjjia.] To inoscu- 
late ; to unite the mouth of one vessel with another, as 
the arteries with the veins. 

A-NAS-TOM'O-SY, or A-NAS-TO-Mo'SIS, 71. The moscu- 
lation of vessels, or the opening of one vessel into another, 
as an artery into a vein -, the communication of two ves- 
sels, as a vein with a vein. 

A-NAS-TO-MOT'I€, a. Opening the mouths of vessels, or 
removing obstructions. 

A-NAS-TO-MOT'I€, n. A medicine supposed to have the 
power of opening the mouths of vessels, and promoting 
circulation. 

A-NAS'TRO-PHE, ) n. [Gr. avaarpo^r}.] In rhetoric and 

A-NAS'TRO-PHY, ) ^?-oj«7rea7-, an inversion of the natu- 
ral order of words. 

AN'A-TASE, n. [Gr. avaraaig.] Octahedrite ; octahedral 
oxyd of titanium ; a mineral that shows a variety of col- 
ors by reflected light. 

A-NATH'E-MA, 71. [Gr. avaOeiia.] Excommunication with 
curses. Hence, a curse or denunciation by ecclesiastical 
authority, accompanying excommunication. 

A-NATH-E-MAT'1-€AL, a. Pertaining to anathema. 

A-NATH-E-MAT'I-€AL-LY, cdu. In the manner of anath 
ema. 

AN-A-THEM-A-TI-Za'TION, n. The act of anathematiz 
ing. Encyc. 

A-NATH'E-MA-TiZE, v. t. To excommunicate with a de- 
nunciation of curses ; to pronounce an anathema against 
Hammond. 

A-NATH'E-MA-TISM, n. Excommunication. Tooker. 

A-NATH'E-MA-TiZED, pp. Excommunicated with curses 

A-NATH'E-MA-TlZ-ER, n. One who anathematizes. 

A-NATH'E-MA-TlZ-ING, ppr. Pronouncing an anathema 

AN-A-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. anas and fero.] Producing 
ducks. Brown. 

A-NAT'0-CISM, 71. \1j. anatocismus.'] Interest upon inter- 
est ; the taking of compound interest. [Rarely used.] 

AN-A-TOM'I-€AL, a. Belonging to anatomy or dissec- 
tion ; relating to the parts of the body when dissected or 
separated. 

AN-A-TOM'I€AL-LY, adv. In an anatomical manner ; by 
means of dissection. 

A-NAT'O-MIST, n. One who dissects bodies ; one who is 
skilled in the art of dissection, or versed in the doctrinfl 
and principles of anatomy. 

A-NAT'0-MiZE, v. t. To dissect an animal ; to divide in- 
to the constituent parts, for the purpose of examining 
eaclr by itself; to lay open the interior structure of the 
parts of a body or subject, 

A-NAT'0-MiZED, pp. Dissected, as an animal body 

A-NAT'0-MlZ-ING, ppr. Dissecting. 

A-NAT'0-MY, ??. [Gr.avaTonT].'] 1. The art of dissecting, 
or artificially separating, the different parts of an animal 
bodj', to discover their situation, structure, and economyr 

2. The doctrine of the structure of the body, learned by 
dissection. 3. The act of dividing any thing, corporea 
or intellectual, for the purpose of examining its parts. 4. 
The body stripped of its integuments ; a skeleton ; an im- 
proper use of the word, 5. Ironically, a meager person. 

AN-A-TREP'T1€, a. [Gr. avaTpsirw.] Overthrowing ; de- 
feating ; prostrating. 

AN'A-TRON, n. [Gr. vtrpov.] 1. Soda, or mineral fixed 
alkali, 2. Spume, or glass gall, a scum which rises upon 
melted glass, in the furnace, and, when taken off", dis- 
solves in the air, and then coagulates into common salt 

3. The salt which collects on the walls of vaults. 
AN'BU-RY, 71. A disease in turneps, or an injury occasion- 
ed by a fly„ 

AN'CES-TOR, 71. [Fr. ancestres ; L. antecessor.] One from 
whom a person descends, either by the father or mother, 
at any distance of time, in the tenth or hundredth gene- 
ration. An ancestor precedes in the order of nature or 
blood ; a predecessor in the order of office. 



* See Syno^isis A, K. I, o, C, ■?, long.—FkR, FALL, WHA.T ;— PRSY j— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete 



AND 



AxNG 



* AN-CES'TEAL, a. Relating or belonging to ancestors ; 
claimed or descending from ancestors. 

AI^'CES-TRY, 71. A series of ancestors or progenitors ; 
lineage, or those who compose the line of natural descent. 
Hence, birth, or honorable descent. 

aN'CHEN-TRY. See Ancientry. 

AN'€Hl-LOPS, n. [Gr. atytXw;^.] The goat's eye ; an ab- 
scess in the inner angle of the eye ; an incipient fistula 
lachrymalis. 

AJV'€HOR, n. [L. anchora.] 1. An iron instrument for 
holding a ship or other vessel at rest in water. — M 
anchor is when a ship rides by her anchor. Hence, 
to lie or ride at anchor. — To cast anchor, or to anchor, is 
to let go an anchor, to keep a ship at rest. — To weigh 
anchor is to heave or raise the anchor out of the ground. 
n. In a figurative sense, that whic-h gives stability or se- 
curity ; that on which we place dependence for safety. — 
3. In a.rchitecture, anchors are carved work, somewhat 
resembling an anchor. — in heraldry, anchors are emblems 
of hope. 

AN'€HOR, V. t. 1. To place at anchor ; to moor. 2. To 
fix or fasten on ; to fix in a stable condition. 

AN'€HOR, V. i. 1. To cast anchor ; to come to anchor. 2. 
To stop ; to fix or rest on. 

f AN'GHOR-A-BLE, a. Fit for anchorage. 

A]M'€!H0R-A6E, n. 1. Anchor-ground ; a place where a ship 
can anchor. 2. The hold of a ship at anchor, or rather 
the anchor and all the necessary tackle for anchoring. 3. 
A duty imposed on ships for anchoring in a harbor. 

AN'€HORED, jpp. Lying or riding at anchor 5 held by an 
anchor ; moored ; fixed in safety. 

AN'CHO-RESS, n. A female anchoret. 

ANeHO-RET, or AN'€HO-RITE, n. [Gr. avaxwQVrm- 
Written by some authors, anachoret.] A hermit ; a re- 
cluse ; one who retires from society into a desert or soli- 
tary place, to avoid the temptations of the world, and de- 
vote himself to religious duties, 

AN'CHOR-GRO JND, n. Ground suitable for anchoring. 

AN'€HOR-HOLD, n. The hold or fastness of an anchor ; 
security. 

AN'€HOR-ING, ppr. Mooring ; coming to anchor ; casting 
anchor. 

AN'CHOR-SMITH, n. A maker of anchors. 

* AN-CHO VY, } n. [Port, and Sp, ayichova.] A small fish, 

* AN CHO-VY, \ caught, in vast numbers, in the Medi- 
terranean, and used as a sauce or seasoning 

AN-CHO VY-PEaPi., n. A fruit of Jamaica 

*aN'CIENT, a. (Usually pronounced, most anomalously, 
ancient.) [Fr. ancien.] 1. Old ; that happened or ex- 
isted in former times, usually at a great distance of 
time ; as, ancient authors, ancient days. 2. Old ; that 
has been of long duration ; as, an ancient city. 3. 
Known from ancient times 5 as the ancient continent, op- 
posed to the neio continent. 

* aN'CIENT, ?i. Generally used in the plural, ancients. 
1. Those who lived in former ages, opposed to moderns. — 
In Scripture, very old men. Also, governors, rulers, po- 
litical and ecclesiastical. Hooker uses the word for sen- 
iors. 2. Ancient is also used for a flag or streamer, in a 
ship of war. 

* aN'CIENT-LY, adv. In old times ; in times long since 
past. 

*aN'CIENT-NESS, ?j. The state of being ancient 5 anti- 
quity ; existence from old times. 

* AN'CIENr-RY, n. Dignity of birth ; the honor of ancient 
lineage. Suik. 

t * aN'OIENI Y, n. Age ; antiquity. Martin. 

* aN'CIENT-Y, n. In some old English statutes and au- 
thors, eldership, or seniority. 

AN-Cl'LE, n. [L.] The ancient shield of the Romans. 

AN'CIL-LA-RY, a. [L. ancilla.] Pertaining to a maid-ser- 
vant, or female service ; subservient as a maid-servant. 

AN-CIP'I-TAL, a. [L. anceps.] Doubtful, or double ; dou- 
ble-faced or double-formed. 

AN'OOME, n. A small ulcerous swelling, coming suddenly. 
Boucher. 

AN'€0N, n. [L. ancon.] The olecranon, the upper end of 
the ulva, or elbow. Coxe. 

AN'€oNE, ri. [L. ancon.] In architecture, the corner of a 
wall, cross-beam, or rafter. 

AN'€0-NY, n. In iron works, a piece of half-wrought iron, 
in the shape of a bar in the middle, but rude and un- 
wrought at the ends. 

AND, CO )i;. [Sax. and; Ger und.] And is a conjunction, 
connective, or conjoining word. It signifies that a 
word or part of a sentence is to be added to what pre- 
cedes. Thus, give me an apple and an orange 5 that is, 
give me an apple, add, or give, in addition to that, an or- 
ange. 

t AN'DA-BA-TISM, n. Uncertainty. 

AN'DA-LU-SITE, n. A massive mineral, of a flesh or rose 
red color. 

AN-DANTE, [It.] In music, a word used to direct to a 
movement moderately slow, between largo and allegro. 



AN'DA-RAe, p.. Red orpiment. Coxe. 

AN DE-AN, a. Pertaining to the Andes. 

AN-Di'RA. 71. A species of bat in Brazil. 

AND'I-RON. (and-i'-urn) n. [Teutonic, andena, or cindela. 
Sax. hrand-isen.l An iron utensil, used, in Great Britain, 
where coal is the common fuel, to support the ends of a 
spit ; but, in America, used to support the wood in fire- 
places 

AN-DO-RIN'HA, n The Brazilian swallow. 

AN-DRA-NAT'O-MY, n. [Gr. avri^, av^^og.] The dissec 
tion of a human body, especially of a male 

AN'DRE-O-UTE, n A mineral, the harmotome, or cross- 
stone 

AN-DR06'Y-NAL, or AN-DROG'Y-NOUS, a. [Gr. avnp 
and yvvv.] Having two sexes ; being male and female ; 
herinaphroditical.— In botany, the name is applied to 
plants which bear both male and female flowers froni ' 
the same root. 

AN-DROG'Y-NAL-LY, adv. With the parts of both sexes 

AN-DROG'Y-NUS, n. A hermaphrodite. Johnson. - 

AN'DROID, n. [Gr. avrip and £i6os.] A machine in the hu- 
man form, which, by certain springs, performs some of 
the natural motions of a living man. 

AN-DROM'E-DA, n. A northern constellation, behind Peg 
asus, Cassiopeia, and Perseus. 

AN-DROPH'A-GI, n. [Gr. avrtp and ^ayw.l Man-eaters , 
but the word is little used, being superseded by anthro- 
pophagi. 

A-NeAR', prep. Near. Atterbury. 

AN'E€-DOTB, n. [Gr. a and ckSotos. \ In its original sense, 
secret history, or facts not generally known. But m more 
common usage, a particular or detached incident or fact 
of an interesting nature ; a biographical incident ; a sin- 
gle passage of private life. 

AN-E€-DOT'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to anecdotes. 

t A-NeLE', v. t. [Sax. all.] To give extreme unction. 

AN-E-MOG'RA-PHY, 71. [Gr. avenos a.n& ypa^-j.] A de- 
scription of the winds. 

AJV-E-MOL'0-GY, n. [Gr. avepos and \oyos.] The doctrine 
of winds, or a treatise on the subject 

AN-E-MOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. avsiiog and /i<erfj£w.] An in- 
strument or machine for measuring the force and veloci- 
ty of the wind. 

A-NEM'O-NE, In. [Gi: avefxwvr].] Wind-flower; a genua 

A-NEM'0-NY, ) of plants of numerous species.— Sea- 
Anemone. See Animal Flower. 

* A-NEM'0-S€OPE, n. [Gr. avefiog and (jKOTreu).] A ma 
chine which shows the comse or velocity of the wind. 

A-NENT', prep. About ; concerning ; over against : a Scot- 
tish word. 

aNES, or AWNS, n. The spires or beards of corn. 

AN'EU-RISM, n. [Gr. ava and evpvvw.] A preter-iatural 
dilatation or rupture of the coats of an arterj^ 

AN-EU-RIS'MAL, a. Pertaining to an aneurism. 

A-NEW', adv. Over again ; another time ; in a new form . 
as, to create anew. 

A-NEWST', or A-NEUST', adv. Nearly ; almost. 

AN-FRA€'TU-OUS, a. [Ij. anfractus.] WinAing; full of 
windings and turnings ; written less correctly, anfractw 
ose. Ray. 

AN-FRA€-TU-OS'I-TY, In. A state cf being full ol 

AN-FRA€'TU-OUS-NESS, ] windings and turnings. 

AN-FRA€'TUSE, n. A mazy winding. 

AN-Gx'i.-RI-A'TION, n. [L. angaria.] Compulsion , exer- 
tion. 

AN-GEI-OT'O-MY. See ANGioTor-v. 

* aN'GEL, 71. (Usually pronounced angel, but most anoma- 
lously.) [L. a7igelus ,• Gr. ayyeXos.] 1. Literally, a mes- 
senger ; one employed to communicate news or informa- 
tion from one person to another at a distance. 2 A 
spirit, or a spmtual, intelligent being, employed by God 
to communicate his will to man. 3. In a bad sense, an 
evil spirit ; as, the angel of the bottomless pit. 4. Christ, 
the Mediator and Head of the church. Rev. x. 5. A 
minister of the gospel, who is an embassador of God. 
Rev. ii. and iii. C. Any being whom God employs to 
execute his judgments. Rev. xvi. 7. In the style of 
love, a very beautiful person. Shah. 

* aN'GEL, 71. A fish found on the coast of Carolina. 

* aN'GEL, n. A gold coin formerly current in England, 
bearing the figure of an angel. 

* aN'GEL, a. Resembling angels ; angelic. Shah. 

* aN'GEL-aGE, n. The existence or state of angels. 

* aN'GEL-FISH. n. A species of shark. 
AN-GEL'I€, or AN-GEL'I-€AL, a. [L. angelicus.] Re 

sembling angels ; belonging to angels, or partaking 0*. 

their nature ; suiting the nature and dignity of angeis. 
AN-GEL'I-€A, 7i. A genus of digynian pentanders, con 

taining several soecies. 
AN-GEL'I-€AL-LY, adv. Like an angel. 
AN-GEL'I-€AL-NESS, n. The quality of being angelic 

excellence more than human. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;- BPJLL, UNITE ,— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH a-s SH ; TH as in tAw f Obsoletfj 



ANG 3G 



ANl 



AX 6EL-ITES, n. In church history, a sect so called from 
Angelicura in Alexandria, where they held their first 
meetings. 

AiN' 6EL-LIKE, a. Resembling, or having the manners of 
angels. 

XN-GEL-0L'0-6Y, n. A discourse on angels , or the doc- 
trine of angelic beings. Ch. Spectator. 

AN'6E-L0T, n. [Fr. anche.] 1. An instrument of music, 
somewhat resembling a lute. 2. An ancient English 
coin. A small, rich sort of cheese. 

aN'6EL-SH0T, 71. [Fr. ange.] Cham-shot, being two 
halves of a cannon ball fastened to the ends of a chain. 

aN'GEL-WINGED, a. Winged like angels. 

aX'6EL-W0R-SHIP, 71. The worshiping of angels. 

AN'GER, (ang'-ger) n. [L. anger.] 1. A violent passion 
of the mind, excited by area), or supposed injury ; usually 
accompanied with a propensity to take vengeance, or to 
obtain satisfaction from the offending party. 2. Pain ; 
smart of a sore or swelling ; the literal sense of the word, 
but little used. 

ANGER, V. t. 1. To excite anger ; to provoke ; to rouse 
resentment. 2 To make painful ; to cause to smart ; to 
inflame. 

AN GER-LY adv. In an angry manner ; more generally 
written angrily. 

t AN'GER-NESS, n. The state of being angry. 

AN-6l'NA, 71. [L. from ango.] A quinsy ; an inflamma- 
tion of the throat ; a tumor impeding respiration. 

AN-Gl'NA PE€'-TO-RIS. An anomalous or spasmodic af- 
fection of the chest and organs of respiration ; or a dis- 
ease of the hearrL. Coxe. 

AN-GI-OGRA-PHY, 71. [Gr. ayyeiov and ypacpr).] A de- 
scription of the vessels in the human body. 

AN-GI-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. ayyeLov and Xoyos.] A treatise 
or discourse on the vessels of the human body. 

AN-6I-0-M0N-0-SPERM'0US, a. [Gr. uyyEiov, iiovos, 
and (TTTEp/^a.J Producing one seed only in a pod. 

AN''6l-0-SPERM, n. [Gr. ayy^Lov and aKepjxa.] In botany, 
a plant which has its seeds inclosed in a pericarp. 

AN-GI-0-SPERM'OUS, a. Having seeds inclosed in a pod 
or other pericarp. 

AJV-GI-OT'0-MY, 71. [Gr. ayyuov and t£//v&).] The open- 
ing of a vessel, whether a vein or an artery, as in bleeding. 

ANGLE, 71. [Fr. angle.] In popular language, the point 
where two lines meet, or the meeting of two lines in a 
point ; a corner. In geometry, the spa^e comprised be- 
tween two straight lines that meet in a point, or between 
two straight converging lines, which, if extended, would 
meet ; or the quantity by which two s raight lines, de- 
parting from a point, diverge from each other. The 
point of meeting is the vertex of the angle, and the lines 
containing the angle are its sides or legs. 

AN'GLE, 71. A hook ; an instrimient to take fish, consist- 
ing of a rod, a line and a hook, or a line and hook. 

AN'GLE, V. i. 1. To fish with an angle, or with line and 
hook. 2. V. t. or i. To fish for •, to try to gain by some 
bait or insinuation, as men angle for fish. 

AN'GLED, a. Having angles — iised only in compounds. 

AN'GLER, 7?. One that fishes with an angle ; also, a fish, 
a species of lophius. 

AN'GLE-ROD, n. The rod or pole to which a line and 
hook are fastened. 

AN'GLES, n. [L. Angli.] A people of Germany, from 
whom the name of England was derived. 

AN'GLI€, } a. [from Angles.] English •, pertaining to 

AN'GLI-€AN, ] England or the English nation. 

AN'GLI-GISM, 71. An English idiom ; a form of language 
peculiar to the English. Milton. 

AN'GLI-CIZE, V. t. To make English ; to render conform- 
able to the English idiom. 

AN'GLING, ppr. Fishing with an angle, 

AN'GLING, 71. A fishing with a rod and line. 

AN-GLO-Da'NISH, a. Pertaining to the English Danes, or 
the Danes who settled in England. 

AN-GLO-NORM'AN, a. Pertaining to the English Nor- 
mans. Wotton. 

AN-GLO-SAX'ON, a. Pertaining to the Saxons who settled 
in England, or English Saxons. 

AN-GLO-SAX'ON, n. A kind of pear ; also the language 
of the English Saxons. 

AN-GO'LA-PEA, or PIG'EON-PEA. A species of cytisus. 

AN'GOR, %: [L.] 1. Pain ; intense bodUy pain. 2. The 
retiring of the native bodily heat to the centre, occasion- 
ing head-ache, palpitation, and sadness. 

AN'GRED, or AN'GERED, pp. Made angry ; provoked. 

AN'GRI-LY, adv. In an angry manner ; peevishly ; with 
indications of resentment. 

AN'GRY, a. 1. Feeling resentment ; provoked. 2. Show- 
ing anger ; wearing the marks of anger ; caused by an- 
ger. 3. Inflamed, as a sore ; red ; manifesting inflam- 
mation. 4. Raging ; furious ; tumultuous. 

ANG-Sa'NA, or ANG-Sa'VA, n. A red gum of the East 
Indies, like that of dragon's blood. 



AN'GU, n. Bread made of the cassada plant. 

AN'GUI-FER, ?(. [L. anguis and fero.] In astronomy^ 
cluster of stars in the form of a man holding a serpen. 
Serpentarius, one of the twelve signs of the zodiac. 

AN-GUIL'LA, 7!. [L.] In zoology, an eel; also the name 
of a Mediterranean fish. 

AN-GUIL'LI-FORM, a. [L. anguilla and forma.] In the 
form of an eel, or of a seipent. 

AN'GUISH, n. [Fr. angoisse.] Extreme pain, either of 
body or mind. 

AN'GUISH, V. t. To distress with extreme pain or grief 
Temple. 

AN'GUISHED, pp. Extremely pained ; tortured ; deeply 
distressed. 

AN'GU-LAR, a. 1. Having an angle, angles, or comera 
pointed. 2. Consisting of an angle ; forming an angle. 

AN-GU-LAR'I-TY, n. The quality of having an angle or 
corner. 

AN'GU-LAR-LY, adv. With angles or corners ; in the di- 
rection of the angles. 

AN'GU-LAR-NESS, n. The quality of being angular. 

AN'GU-LA-TED, a. Formed with angles or corners. 

t AN-GU-LOS'I-TY, n. Angularity. 

AN'GU-LOUS, a. Angular ; having corners •, hooked. 

t AN-GUST', a. [L. angustus.] Narrow ; straight. 

AN-GUS-Ta'TION, 71. [L. angustus.] The act of making 
narrow ; a straightening. 

AN-GUST'I-€LAVE, n. [L. angustus.] A robe or tunic 
embroidered with purple studs or knobs, or by purple 
stripes, worn by Roman knights. 

AN-HE-La'TION, 71. [L. anhelo.] Shortness of breath ; a 
panting ^ difficult respiration. 

AN-HE-LoSE', a. Out of breath ; panting •, breathing with 
difficulty. [Little used.] 

AN'HI-MA, n. A Brazilian aquatic fowl. 

AN'HY-DRITE, n. A species of sulphate of lime. 

AN-Hy'DROUS, a. [Gr. avvSpos.] Destitute of water. 

t AN-I-ENT'ED, a. [It. nientc.] Frustrated ; brought to 
naught. Chaucer. 

A-NiGHT', (a-nite') adv. In the night time.— Anights, in 
the plural, is used of frequent and customary acts. Shak. 

AN'IL, ?i. [Sp. anil.] A shrub from whose leaves and stalks 
indigo is made ; India-ofera. 

A-NIU:'NESS, ) 71. [L. anilis, anilitas.] The state of being 

A-NIL'I-TY, ) an old woman ; the old age of a woman ; 
dotage. 

t AN'l-BIA-BLE, a. Susceptible of animation. 

t AN-1-MAD-VER'SAL, n. That which has the power of 
perceiving. 

AN-I-MAD-VER'SION, n. [L. animadversio.] Remarks by 
way of censure or criticism ; reproof ; blame. It may 
sometimes be used for punishment. 

t AN-I-MAD-VER'SIVE, a. That has the power of perceiv- 
ing. Glanville. 

t AN-I-MAD-VER'SIVE-NESS, n. The power of animad- 
verting. 

AN-I-MAD-VERT', v. i. [L. animadverto.] 1. To turn the 
mind to •, to consider. 2. To consider or remark upon by 
way of criticism or censure. 3 To inflict punishment. 

AN-I-MAP-VERT'ER, n. One who animadverts, or makes 
remarks by way of censure. 

AN-I-MAD-VERT'ING, ppr. Considering ; remarking by 
way of criticism or censure. 

AN'I-MAL, n. [L.] An organized body, endowed with life 
and the power of voluntary motion ; a living, sen^fitive, 
locomotive body ; as, man is an intelligent animal. By 
way of contempt, a dull person is called a stupid ani- 
mal. 

AN'I-MAL, a. That belongs or relates to animals. 

AN-I-MAL'€U-LAR, or AN-I-MAL'€U-LINE, a. Relat 
ing to animalcules. London Quarterhj Review. 

AN-I-MAL'€ULE, n. [L. animalculum, animalcula ] / 
little animal ; an animal whose figure cannot be discern- 
ed without the aid of a magnifying glass. 

AN'I-MAL-FLOW-ER, n. In zoology, sea anemone, sea- 
nettle, or urtica marina. 

AN'I-MAL-ISM, 71. Sensuality. 

t AN-I-MAL'I-TY, n. Animal existence. Smith. 

AN-I-MAL-I-Za'TION, 71. The act of giving animal life, or 
endowing with the properties of an animal. 

AN'I-MAL-iZE, V. t. To give annual life to ; to endow 
with the properties of animals. 

AN'I-MAL-iZED, pp. Endowed with animal life. 

AN'I-MAL-IZ-ING, ppr. Giving animal life to. 

AN'I-MATE, V. t. [L. animo ] 1. To give natural life to ; 
to quicken ; to make alive. 2. To give powers to, or to 
heighten the powers or eflfect of a thing. 3. To give spiri 
or vigor ; to infuse courage, joy, or other enlivening pas- 
sion ; to stimulate or incite. 

AN'I-MATE, a. Alive; possessing animal life. [Used 
chiefly in poetry for animated.] 

AN'I-MA-TED, pp. 1. Being endowed with animal life 
2. a. Lively ; vigorous ; full of spirit ; indicating anima 
tion. 



See Synopsis. X, E, T, 6, tj, Y, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT 5— PR£Y ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD - f Ohsolfie. 



ANN 



37 



ANO 



AN'I-MA-TING, ppr. Giving life ; infusing spirit ; enliven- 
ing. 

AN'I-MA-TING-Lr, adv. In an animating manner. 

AN I-Ma'TION, n. 1. The act of infusing life ; the state of 
being animated. 2. Tlie state of being lively, brisk, or 
full of spirit and vigor. 

AN'l-MA-TiVE, a. That has the power of giving life or 
spirit. Johnson. 

AN'I-MA-TOR, n. One that gives life ; that which infuses 
life or spirit. 

AN'IME, n. [Fr.] In heraldry, a term denoting that the 
eyes of a rapacious animal are borne of a different tincture 
from the animal himself. 

AN'IME, n. [Sp.] A resin exuding from a tree, 

AN-I-MET'TA, n. Among ecclesiastical writers, the cloth 
which covers the cup of the eucharist. 

t AN-I-M6SE', a. Full of spirit. 

t AN-I-MoSE'NESS, n. Spirit ; heat. 

AN-1-MOS'I-TY, 71. [L. auimositas.} Violent hatred accom- 
panied with active opposition •, active enmity. 

A-NIN'GA, n. A root growing in the West Indiesj like the 
China plant, used in refining sugar. 

AN'ISE, n. [L. anisuvi."\ An annual plant, placed by Linne 
under the genus pimpinella. 

AN'ISE SEED, n. The seed of anise. 

ANK'ER, n. A measure of liquids used in Holland, contain- 
ing about 32 English gallons. 

ANK'LE, (ank'kl) n. [Sax. ancleow ; D. enkel.'\ The joint 
which connects the foot with the leg. 

ANK'LE-BONE, n. The bone of the ankle. 

ANK'LED, a. Relating to the ankles. 

AN'NAL-IST, n. A writer of annals. 

AN'NAL-IZE, JO. t. To record ; to write annals. \^J\rot 
much used.'] 

AN'NALS, n. plu. [L. annales.] 1. A species of history 
digested in order of time, or a relation of events in chro- 
nological order, each event being recorded under the year 
in which it 1 appened. 2. The books containing annals. 

AN'NATSj n. [L. annus.] A year's income of a spiritual 
living. 

AN-NeAL', v. t. [Sax. anmlan.] 1. To heat ; to heat, as 
glass and iron, for the purpose of rendering them less brit- 
tle, or to fix colors, jish. 2. To temper by heat. 

AN-NeAL'ED, (an-neeld') pp. Heated ; tempered ; made 
malleable and less brittle by heat. 

AN-NeAL'ING, ppr. Heating ; tempering by heat. 

AN-NEX', v. t. [L. annecto.] 1. To unite at the end ; to 
subjoin, to affix. 2. To unite, as a smaller thing to a 
greater. 3. To unite to something preceding, as the main 
object ; to connect with. 

AN-NEX', V. i. To join ; to be united. Tooke. 

I AN-NEX', n. The thing annexed. Brown. 

AN-NEX-a TION, n. The act of annexing, or uniting at 
the end ; conjunction 5 addition ; the act of connecting 5 
union. 

AN-NEX'ED, (an-nexf) pp. Joined at the end ; connected 
with ; affixed. 

AN-NEX'ING, ppr. Uniting at the end •, afiixing. 

AN-NEX'ION, n. The act of annexing ; annexation 5 addi- 
tion. [Little used.] 

AN-NEX'MENT, n. The act of annexing ; the thing an- 
' nexed. Shak. 

AN-Nl'HI-LA-BLE, a. That may be annihilated. 

AN-Nl'HI-LATE, v. t. [L. ad and nihilum.] 1. To reduce 
to nothing 5 to destroy the existence of. 2. To destroy 
the form or peculiar distinctive properties, so that the 
specific thing no longer exists. 

AN-Ni'HI-LATE, a. Annihilated. Sioift. 

AN-Nl'HI-LA-TED, pp. Reduced to nothing ; destroyed. 

AN-Nl'III-LA-TING,;?^?-. Reducing to nothing; destroy- 
ing the specific form of. 

AN-Ni-HI-La'TION, 71. 1. The act of reducing to nothing 
or non-existence ; or the act of destroying the form or 
combination of parts under which a thing exists, so that 
the name can no longer be applied to it. 2. The state of 
being reduced to nothing. 

AN-NI-VERS'A-RI-LY, adv. Annually. HalL 

AN-NI-VERS'A-RY, a. [L. anniversarius.] Returning 
with the year, at a stated time 5 annual ; yearly. 

AN-NI-VERS'A-RY, n. 1. A stated day, returning with the 
revolution of the year. The term is applied to a day on 
which some remarkable event is annually celebrated. 2. 
The act of celebration ; performance in honor of an 
event. 

f AN'NI-VERSE, n. Anniversary. 

AN'NO DOM'I-Nl. [L.] In the year of our Lord, noting 
the time from our Savior's incarnation : as. Anno Domini, 
or A. D. 1800. 

t AN-NOI'SANCE, n. A nuisance. 

AN-NOM-I-Na'TION, n. [L. ad and nominatio.] 1. A 
pun ; the use of words nearly alike in sound, but of dif- 
ferent meanings •, a paronomasy. 2. Alfiteration. 

AN-No'NA, n [L. annona.] The custard apple, a genus of 
several species. 



AN'NO-TATE, v. i. [L. annoto.} To comment ; to make 
remarks on a writing. Tatlcr. 

AN-NO-Ta'TION, n. [L. annotatio.l 1. A remark, note 
or commentary on some passage of a book, intended to 
illustrate its meaning. 2. The first symptoms of a fever 
or attack of a paroxysm. Coxe. 

AN'NO-TA-TOR, n. A writer of notes ; a commentator ; a 
scholiast. 

AN-NOT'TA, 71. Orlean, or roucou ; a hard, dry paste. 

AN-NOUNCE', (ail-nouns') v. t. [Fr. annoncer.] l.To pub- 
lish ; to proclaim ; to give notice, or first notice. 2. To 
pronounce ; to declare by judicial sentence. 

AN-NO(JN'CED, (an-nounsf) pp. Proclaimed ; first pub- 
lished. 

AN-NOUNCE'MENT, (an-nouns'ment) n. The act of giv 
ing notice ; proclamation ; publication. Month. Mag. 

AN-NOUN'CER, 71. One tliat announces, or first gives no- 
tice ; a proclaimer. 

AN-NOUN'CING, ppr. Introducing notice; first publish- 
ing ; proclaiming. 

AN-NOY', V. t. [Norm, annoyer.] To incommode ; to in- 
jure or disturb by continued or repeated acts ; to tease, 
vex or molest. 

AN-NOY', n. Injury or molestation from continued acts or 
inconvenience. Shak. 

AN-NOY'ANCE, n. That which annoys, or injures ; tha 
act of annoying ; the state of being annoyed. 

AN-NOY'ED, (an-noyd') pp. Incommoded, injured or mo- 
lested by something that is continued or repeated. 

AN-NOY'ER, n. One that annoys. 

t AN-NOY'FUL, a. Giving trouble ; incommoding ; mo- 
lesting. Chaucer. 

AN-NOY'ING, ppr. Incommoding ; hurting ; molesting. 

t AN-NOY 'OUS, a. Troublesome. Chaucer. 

AN'NU-AL, a. [Fr. annuel.] 1. Yearly ; that returns every 
year ; coming yearly. 2. Lasting or continuing only one 
year or season ; that requires to be renewed every year. 
3. Performed in a year. 

AN'NLT-AL, n. A plant that lives but one year, or rather 
but one summer. Martyn. 

AN'NU-AL-LY, adv. Yearly ; returning every year ; year 
by year. 

AN'NU-A-RY, a. Annual. J. Hall. 

AN-Nu'I-TANT, n. One who receives or is entitled to re- 
ceive an annuity. 

AN-NU'I-TY, n. [Fr. annuite.] A sum of money, payable 
yearly, to continue for a given number of years, for life 
or for ever ; an annual income, charged on the person of 
the grantor ; or an annual allowance. 

AN-NUL', V. t. [Fr. annuller.] 1. To make void ; to nul- 
lify ; to abrogate ; to abolish. 2. To reduce to nothing ; 
to obliterate. 

AN'NU-LAR, a. [L. aniiulus.] Having the form of a ring j 
pertaining to a ring. 

AN'NU-LA-RY, a. Having the form of a ring. Ray. 

AN'NU-LA-TED, a. Furnished with rings, or circles, like 
rings ; having belts. 

AN'NU-LET, n. [L. annulus.] In architecticre, a small, 
square member in the Doric capital, under the quarter 
round.— In heraldry, a little circle, borne as a charge in 
coats of arms. 

AN-NUL'LED, (an-nuld') pp. Made void ; abrogated. 

AN-NUL'LING, jw- Abrogating ; abolishing. 

AN-NUL'MENT, n. The act of annulling. 

AN-NtJ'ME-RATE, v. t. [L. annumero.] To add to a form- 
er number ; to unite to something before mentioned 
Johnson. 

AN-NU-ME-Ra'TION, n. Addition to a former number. 

AN-NUN'CIATE, v. t. To bring tidings ; to announce. 
Chaucer. 

AN-NUN-ClA'TlON, v. L An announcing; the tidings 
brought by the angel to Mary, of the incarnation of 
Christ. Also the day celebrated by the church, in mem 
ory of the angel's salutation of the blessed Virgin, which 
is the 25th of March. 2. Proclamation ; promulgation 

AN-NUN-CIa'TOR, n. One who announces. 

AN'0-DYNE, n. [Gr. a or av, and oSwr].] Any medicine 
whichallays pam, or causes sleep. 

AN'O-DyNE, a. Assuaging pain ; causing sleep, or insen- 
sibility_. 

AN-0-DY'NOUS, a. Belonging to anodynes. Coles. 

A-NOINT', V. t. [Fr. oindre.] 1. To pour oil upon ; to 
smear or rub over with oil or unctuous substances ; also 
to spread over, as oil. 2. To consecrate by unction, or 
the use of oil. 3. To smear or daub. 4. To prepare, in 
allusion to the consecrating use of oil. 

A-NOINT'ED, pp. Smeared or rubbed with oil ; set apart 
consecrated with oU. 

A-NOINT'ED, 71. The Messiah, or Son of God. 

A-NOINT'ER, n. One who anoints. 

A-NOINT'ING, ppr. Smearing with oil ; pouring on oil, or 
other oleaginous substance ; consecrating. 

A-NOTNT'ING, 71. The act of smearing with oil j a conse- 
crating. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ,— BIJLL, UNITE.- C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsclete 



ANS 



38 



ANT 



A-NOINT'MENT, n. The act of anointing, or state of being 
anointed. 

A-No'LE, 71. A species of lizard in the Wsst Indies. 

A-XOM' A-LI-PE U, a. [Gr. avit)na\ia.] An epitliet given to 
fowls, -vhose middle toe is united to the exterior by three 
plialanges, and to the interior by one only. 

A-JNfOM'A-LI-PED, ii. An anomalous-footed fowl. 

A-jVOMA-LISM, 71. An anomaly ; a deviation from rule, 

A-NO:,I-A-LIS'Tie, I a. Irregular ; departing from 

A-NOM-A-LIS'Tr-€AL, ] common or established rules. 

A-NOM'A-LOUS, a. Irregular ; deviatuig from a general 
rule, method or analogy. 

A-XOM'A-LOUS-LY, adv. Irregularly ; in a manner differ- 
ent from common rule, method or analogy. 

A-NOM'A-LY, 71. [Fr. anomalie,] I. Irregularity ; devia- 
tion from the common rule. — 2. In astronomy, an irregu- 
lari).y in the motion of a planet. — 3. In miisic, a false 
scale or interval. 

A-No'ME-ANS, 71. [Gr. avofioLOS.] In church histonj, the 
pure Arians, as distinguished from the Semi-Arians. 

A-No'MI-A, n. [Gr. avoixia,] A genus of bivalve shells, so 
called from their unequal valves ; the beaked cockle. 

AA^'0-MlTE, n. A fossil shell of the genus anomia. 

AN-0-MO-RHOM'BOID, n. [Gr. avo[xoios.] A genus of 
spars, pellucid, and crystalme, of no determinate form 
externally. 

AN'O-MY, 7!. [Gr. avofiia.] A violation of law. Bramhall. 
[Rarely used.'] 

A-NON', adv. [Sax. oii an.] 1. Quickly ; without inter- 
mission ; soon 5 immediately. 2. Sometimes ; now and 
then ; at other times. 

A-jVON'T-MOUS, a. [Fr. anonyme ; L. anonymus.'] Name- 
less ; wanting a name ; without the real name of the au- 
thor. 

A-NON'Y-MOU&-LY, adv. Without a name. 

AN O-PLO-THER, 1 n. [Gr. av, owXov and drjpiov.'] 

AN-0-PLO-THE'EI-Ui>I, \ A name which Cuvier has 
given to a genus of animals. 

A-NOP'SY, 71. [Gr. av and coi^.] Want of sight ; invision. 
[Little wsefZ.] 

AN'0-REX-Y, n. [Gr. a and ops^is.] Want of appetite, 
without a lothing of food. Coxe. 

AN-6TH'ER, a. [an, or one, and other.] 1. Not the same ; 
different. 2, One more, in addition to a former number, 
indefinitely. 3. Any other ; any different person, indefi- 
nitelj^ This word is often used without a noun, becom- 
ing a substitute for the name of the person or tiling. 

t AN-6TH'ER-GAINES, adv. Of another kind. 

t AN-oTH'ER-GATES, adv. Of another sort. 

t AN-oTH'ER-GUESS, a. Of a different kijid. 

AN-6TH'E?.-GUISE, a. Of a different kind ; different. 
[This is a vulgar word, and usually contracted into othei-- 
guess.] 

A-NOT'TA, 71. An elegant red color, formed from the pelli- 
cles or pulp of the seeds of the bixa. 

t A-NOUGH', A-NOW. See Enough, Enow. 

AN'SA-TED, a. [L. ansatus.] Having a handle or handles, 
or something in the form of handles. 

AN'SER, 71. [L.J 1. In zoology, the name of the goose, 
whether tame or wUd. — 2. In astronomy, a smaU star, in 
the milky way. 

AN'SER-INE, a. [L. anserinus.] 1. Resembling the skin 
of a goose ; uneven. 2. Pertaining to the ansers. 

AN'SERS, 71. In Liane's system, the third order of aves or 
fowls. 

t AN'SLaIGHT, (an'slate) ti. An attack ; an affray. 

AN'SWER, (an'ser) v.t. [Sax. andsicarian.] 1. To speak 
in return to a call or question, or to a speech, declaration 
or argument of another person. 2. To be equivalent to ; 
to be adequate to, or sufficient to accomplish the object. 
3. To comply with, fulfill, pay or satisfy. 4. To act in 
return, or opposition. 5. To bear a due proportion to ; to 
be equal or adequate ; to suit. 6. To perform what was 
intended ; to accomplish. 7. To be opposite to ; to face. 
8. To write in reply ; to reply to another writing, by way 
of explanation, refutation or justification. 9 To solve. 

XN'SWER, V. i. 1. To reply ; to speak by way of return. 
2. To be accountable, liable or responsible. 3. To vindi- 
cate, or give a justificatory account of. 4. To correspond 
with ; to suit with. 5. To act reciprocally. 6. To stand 
as opposite or correlative. 7. To return, as sound rever- 
berated ; to echo. 8. To succeed ; to effect the object in- 
tended ; to have a good effect. 

XNSWER, n. 1. A reply ; that which is said, in return to 
a call, a question, an argument, or an allegation. 2. An 
account to be rendered to justice. — 3. In laic, a counter- 
statement of facts, in a course of pleadings ; a confutation 
of what the other party has alledged. 4. A writing, 
pamphlet or book, in reply to another. 5. A reverberated 
sound ; an echo. 6. A return ; that which is sent in con- 
sequence of some petition. 7. A solution, the result of a 
mathematical operation. 



AN'SW£R-A-BLE, a. i . That may be answered ; to 
which a reply may be made. 2. Obliged to give an ac- 
comit, or liable to be called to account ; amenable ; re- 
sponsible. 3. Obliged or liable to pay, indemnify or 
make good. 4. Correspondent ; agreeing with ; in con- 
formity with. 5. Suitable ; suited 5 proportionate. 6 
Equal ; correspondent ; proportionate. 

AN SWER-A-BLE-NESS, ?i. The quality of being answer- 
able, liable, responsible, or correspondent. 

AN'SWER-A-BLY, adv. In due proportion, correspondence 
or conformity ; suitably. 

AN'SWERED, pp. Replied to ; fulfilled ; paid ; complied 
with ; accomplished ; solved ; confuted, 

AN'SWER-ER, n. One who answers ; he or that which 
makes a return to what another has spoken ; he who 
writes an answer. 

AN SV\^ER-1NG, ppr. Replying ; coiTespondmg to ; fUlfiU 
ing ; solving ; succeeding ; reverberating ; confutmg. 

ANSAYER-JOB'BER, 7!. One who makes a business of 
writing answers. Swift. 

AN'T, in old authors, is a contraction of an it, that is, if it 
See An. 

ANT, 71. [Sax. amet.] An emmet ; a pismne. 

tNT-l^IvCR ■ ''• ^ quadruped that feeds upon ants. 

ANT-EGGS, 72.' Little white balls found in the hillocks tf 
ants, usually supposed to be their eggs, but found, on ex- 
amination, to be the young brood, in their first state. 

ANT-HILL, n. A little tumulus or hillock, formed by ants, 
for their habitation. 

AN'TA, n. In ancient architecture, a square column, at the 
corner of a building ; a pilaster ; written also aiHe. 

ANT-AC ID, 71. In pharmacy, an alkali, or a remedy for 
sourness or acidity ; better written anti-acid. 

ANT-A€'RID, n. That which corrects acrimony ; better 
written anti-acrid. 

AN-TAG 0-NISM, t;. Opposition of action ; counteraction 
of things or principles. Good. 

AN-TAG'O-NIST, /?. [Gr. avTi and aywvKrrris.] 1. One 
who contends with another in combat 5 used primarily in 
relation to the Grecian games. An adversary. 2. An op- 
ponent in controversy. Campbell. — 3. In anatoTuy, a mus- 
cle which acts in opposition to another. 

AN-TAG'O-NIST, ffi. Counteracting; opposing. 

AN-TAG-0-NIS'TI€, a. Opposing in combat ; contending 
aeainst. 

AN-TAG 0-NlZE, v. i. To contend against ; to act in op- 
position ; to oppose in argument. 

t AN-TAG'0-NY, 7J. Contest; opposition. Milton. 

AN-TAL'GliC, a. [Gr. avri and aXyos.] Alleviating pain ; 
anodyne. [Little used.] 

ANT-A-NA-CLa SIS, 7!. [Gr. avravaKXaaig.] 1. In rheto- 
ric, a figure, which consists in repeating the same word 
in a different sense ; as, whilst we live, let us live. 2. It 
is also a repetition of words, beginning a sentence, after a 
long parenthesis. 

ANT-A-NA-Go'6E, 71. [Gr. avri and avayuyyr].] In rheto- 
ric, a figure, which consists in replying to an adversary, 
by way of recrimination. 

ANT-A-'PHRO-DISI-AO, a. [Gr. avri and acppoSimos.'] 
Antivenereal ; having the quality of extinguishing or les- 
sening venereal desire. 

ANT-A-PHRO-DIsa-A€, n. A medicine that lessens or 
extinguishes the venereal appetite. 

ANT-A-PHRO-DIT 1€, a. Antivenereal, abating t^ie vene- 
real appetite, or efiicacious against the venereal disease. 

ANT-A-PHR0-DIT'1€, 71. A medichie which abates the 
venereal appetite, or is good against the venereal disease. 

ANT-A-P0-PLE€'TI€, a. Good against apoplexy. 

ANT-AR€'TI€, a. [Gr. avn and ap/cro?.] Opposite to the 
northern, or arctic pole ; relating to the southern pole, or 
to the region near it 

AN-Ta'RES, n. The name of a star of the first magni- 
tude. 

ANT-AR-THRIT'I€, 
acting^tlie gout^ 

A remedy which cures or allevi- 



[Gr. avri and apOpiris.] Counter- 



ANT-AR-THRIT'I€, n. 

ates the gout. 
ANT-ASTH-MAT'I€, a. 

the asthma. 
ANT-ASTH-MAT'I€, n. 



[Gr. uvn and ao-0jua.] Opposing 



A remedy for the asthma. 

AN'TE. a Latin preposition, the Greek avn, much used 
in the composition of English words, especially in words 
from the Latin and Greek languages. It signifies before 
in place, in front ; hence, opposite, contrary ; and, figura- 
tively, before in time. The Latin ante is generally "used 
in the sense of before, and the Greek avn in that of oppo- 
site, or in the place of. 

AN'TE, or AN'TA, n. A pilaster.— In heraldry, ante de- 
notes that the pieces are let into one another, in the man- 
ner there expressed. 

AN'TE-A€T, n. [L. aiite, and act.] A preceding act. 



Ser Synopsis. A, E, I, O, t^, Y, long.-^FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— HN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolets 



ANT 



39 



ANT 



AJV-TE-CE-Da'NE-OUS, a. Antecedent ; preceding in 
time. Owen. 

AN-TE-CeDE',u. t. To go before in time ; to p-ecede. Hale. 

AJV-TE-CE'DEiVCE, n. Tbe act or state of g'jing before in 
time ; precedence. 

AN-TE-CE'DEiVT, a. Going before in time ; prior ; ante- 
rior ; preceding. 

AJ^-TE-Ce'DENT, n. That which goes before in time ; 
hence, in icritings, that which precedes in place. — In 
gravimar, the noun to whicii a relative or other substitute 
refers. — In logic, the first of two propositions in an enthy- 
meme. — In mathematics, the first of two terms of a ratio. 

AN-TE-Ce'DENT-LY, ado. Previously ; at a time pre- 
ceding. 

AJV-TE-CES'SOE, n. [L.] 1. One who goes before ; a 
leader ; a principal. 2. One that possessed land before 
the present possessor. 

AN'TE-CHaM-BER, n. A chamber or apartment before the 
chief apartment to which it leads, and in which persons 
wait for audience. 

AN'TE-CHAP-EL, n. The part of the chapel through 
which is the passage to the choir or body of it. 

AN-Te'CIAN, n. [L. antmci.'] In geography, the antecians 
are those inhabitants of the earth, under the same merid- 
ian, and at the same distance from the equator, but on 
opposite sides, one party north, the other south. 

AN-TE-€UKS'0R, n. [L. aiite and cursor.] One who runs 
before ; a forerunner. 

AN'TE-DATE, n. Prior date ; a date antecedent to another. 
Oood. 

AN'TE-DATE, v. t. [L. ante and datum.] 1. To date be- 
fore the true time. 2. To anticipate ; to take before the 
true time. 

AN-TE-DI-Lu'VI-AL, ) a. [L. ante and diluvium.] Before 

AN-TE-DI-LU'VI-AN, ) the flood, or deluge, in Noah's 
time ; existing, happening, or relating to what happened, 
before the deluge. 

AN-TE-DI-Lu'VI-AN, n. One who lived before the deluge. 

t AN'TE-FA€T, n. That which represents the fact before 
it occurs. 

AN'TE LOPE, n. In zoology, the gaze! •, a genus of rumi- 
nant quadrupeds, intermediate between the deer and goat. 

AN-TE-LU'€AN, a. [L. antelucanus.] Being before light. 

AN-TE-ME-RID'I-AN, a. [L. ante, and m.eridian.] Being 
; before noon ; pertaining to the forenoon. 

AN-TE-MET'ie, a. [Gr. avri, and emetic] Restraining or 
allaying vomiting. 

AN-TE-MET'I€, n. A medicine which checks vomiting. 

AN-TE-MUND'ANE, a. [L. ante and mundus.] Being be- 
fore the creation of the world. 

AN-TE-Nl'CENE, a. [L. ante, and Mcene.] Anterior to the 
first council of Nice. 

AN-TEN'NjE, 71. plu. [L.] In zoology, the horns or feelers 
of insects, projecting from the head. 

AN-TE-NUM'BER, n. A number that precedes another. 

AN-TE-NUP'TIAL, a. Being before marriage. 

AN-TE-PAS€H'AL, a. Pertaining to the time before Eas- 
ter. J^'elson. 

AN TE-PAST, n. [L. ante and pastum.] A foretaste ; some- 
thing taken before the proper time. 

AN-TE-PE-NULT', n. [L. ante, peiie, and ultimus.] The 
la^t syllable of a word except two. 

AN-TE-PE-NULT'I-MATE, a. Pertaining to the last syl- 
lable but two. 

AN-TE-PI-LEP'TI€, a. [Gr. avri and £7riA?77rrt/cof.J Resist- 
ing or curing epilepsy, 

AN-TE-PI-LEP'TI€, n. A remedy for the epilepsy. 

AN'TE-PONE, V. t. [L. antepono.] To set one thing before 
- another. 

AN-TE-PO-Si"TION, n. In grammar, the placing of a 
word before another. 

AN-TE-PRE-DI€'A-MENT, n. A preliminary question in 
logic_; a question which is to be first known. 

AN-TE'RI-OR, a. [L.] 1. Before in time or place ; prior ; 
antecedent ; preceding in time. 2. Before or in front in 
place. 

AN-TE-RI-OR'I-TY, n. The state of being anterior, pre- 
ceding, or in front. 

AN'TE-RooM, 71. A room before, or in front of another. 

AN'TES, n. plu. [L.] Pillars of large dimensions that sup- 
port the front of a building. 

AN-TE-STAT'URE, n. In fortification, a small intrench- 
ment, or work formed of palisades. 

-r AN-TE-ST6M'A€H, n. A cavity which leads into the 
stomach, as the crop in birds. Ray. 

f AN'TE-TEM-PLE, ti. What we now call the nave in a 
church. 

f-AN-TE-VERT',7;. t. VL. antevcrto.] To prevent. 

AN-TE-VIR-6IL'I-AN, a. A term given to Tull's new 
husbandry, or method of horse-hoeing. 

AN-THEL-MIN TI€, a. [Gr. avri and eX/ztvj.] Good 
agamst worms. 

AN-THEL-MIN'TI€, n. A remedy for worms. 

AN'THEM. n. [Gr. avri and ujuvoj.] A hymn sung in alter- 



nate parts ; but, in modern usage, a sacred tune, or piece 
of music set to words. 

AN'THEM- WISE, adv. In the manner of an anthem ; al- 
ternately. Bacon. 

AN'THE-MIS, 71. Camomile. Tate. 

AN'THER, n. [L. anthera.] In botany, the summit or top 
of the stamen, connected with the flower. 

AN'THE-RAL, a. Pertaining to anthers. 

AN-THE-RIF ER-OUS, a. [anther, and L.fero.] Producing 
anthers. Barton. 

AN-THES-Te Rl-ON, n. The sixth month of the Athenian 
year. 

AN-TH0-L06'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to anthology. 

AN-TH0L'0-6Y, 71. [Gr. avdos and \oyos.] 1. A discourse 
on flowers. 2. A collection of beautiful passages from 
authors ; a collection of poems or epigrams. 

AN'THO-NY'S FIRE. A popular name of the erysipelas 

AN-THOPH'YL-LITE, n. [Gr. avBos and cpv'SXov.] A min- 
eral. 

AN'THO-RISM, n. [Gr. avri and opiaixog.] In rhetoric, a 
description, or definition, contrary to that which is given 
by the adverse party. 

AN'THRA-CITE, n. [Gr. avOpa^.] Slaty glance-coal, or 
columnar glance-coal ; that species of coal which has a 
shining lustre, approaching to metallic, and which burns 
without smoke, and with intense heat. 

AN'THRA-eO-LITE. See Anthracite. 

AN'THRAX, 7(. A carbuncle ; a malignant ulcer, with in- 
tense burning. 

AN-THROP'O-GLOT, n. [Gr. avBocoms and yXwrra.] An 
animal which has a tongue resembling that of man, of 
which kind are parrots. 

AN-THRO-POG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. avdpwTtos and ypacpn-] A 
description of man, or the human race, or of the parts o< 
the human body. 

AN-THROP'0-LlTE, n. [Gr. avSpwyros and \idos.] A petri- 
faction of the human body, or skeleton. 

AN-THR0P-0-L0G'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to anthropology •, 
according to human mannei- of speaking. 

AN-THR0-P0L'0-6IST, n. One who describes, or is versed 
in the physical history of the human body. 

AN-THRO-POL'0-GY, n. [Gr. avdpiOTOs and Xoyo?.J 1. A 
discourse upon human nature. 2. The doctrine of the 
structure of the human body ; the natural history or physi- 
ology of the human species. 3. The word denotes that 
manner of expression by which the inspired writers at- 
tribute human parts and passions to God. 

AN-THRO-POM'AN-CY, n. [Gr. avOpoyn-os and /iavraa.J 
Divination by inspecting the entrails of a human being. 

AN-THRO-PO-MORPH'ISM, n. The heresy of the anthro- 
pomorphites. 

AN-THRO-PO-jMORPH'iTE, 71. [Gr. avBpwiros and [xopcpr].] 
One who believes a human form in the Supreme Being 
A sect of ancient heretics are called anthropomorphites . 

AN-THRO-PO-MORPH'OUS, a. Belonging to that which has 
the form of man ; having the figure of resemblance to a man 

AN-THRO-POP'A-THY, 71. [Gr. avep^^Tro? and XaBos.] The 
affections of man, or the application of human passions to 
the Supreme Being. 

AN-THRO-POPH'A-GI, n. plu. [Gr. avdpwTrog and 0aya».] 
Man-eaters ; cannibals ; men that eat human flesh. 

AN-THRO-POPH'A-GOUS, a. Feeding on human flesh 

AN-THRO-POPH'A-6Y, 71. The eating of human flesh, or 
the practice of eating it. 

AN-THRO-POS'€0-PY, n. [Gr. avdpwitog and o-<co7r£w.] 
The art of discovering or judging of a man's character, 
passions, and inclinations, from the lineaments of his body. 

AN-THRO-POS<0-PHY, n. [Gr. ai/OpwTroj and cocpia-l 
Knowledge of the nature of man ; acquaintance with 
man's structure and functions. 

AN-THYP-NOT'ie, a. [corrupt orthography.] See Anti- 

HVPNOTIC. 

AN-THY-PO-€HOND'RI-A€. See Antihypochondriac 
AN-THY-POPH'O-RA. See Antihypophora. 
AN-THYS-TER'1€. See Antihysteric. 
AN'Tl. [Gr. See Ante.] A preposition, signifying 

against, opposite, contrary, ov in place of ; used in many 

English words. 
AN-TI-AC'ID, a. Opposing or removing acidity. Often 

written antacid. 
AN-TI-AC'ID, 71. An alkali ; a medicine proper to correct 

sourness, or acidity ; an absorbent, or an obtundent, or an 

immutant. 
AN-TI-A-MER'I-€AN, a. Opposed to America, or to the 

United States ; opposed to the revolution in America. 

Marshall. 
AN-TI-A-P0S'TLE,7i. [Gr. avn, and apostle.] An adversa- 
ry to the apostles. 
AN-TI-AR-MIN'I-AN, n. He wbo opposes the Arminians*, 

or Arminianism. Bp. Barlow. 
AN-T[-AR-THRIT'I€, a. Good against the gout. 
AN-TI-AR-THRIT'I€, n. A remedy for the gout. 



* See Synapsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; <S as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



ANT 



40 



AN-T1-ASTH-MAT'1€, a. Good against asthma. 
AN-T1-ASTH-MAT'I€, n. A remedy for the asthma. 
AN-TI-BA€'€HI-US, n. [Gr. avri and /Sa/c^etof .] In foetry, 
a foot of three syllables, the first two long, and the last 
short, as ambire. 
AN-TI-BA-SIL'I-€AN, a. [Gr. avTi and ^aaikiKTj.] Oppos- 
ed to royal state and magnificence. 
AN'Tie, a. [Fr. antique.] Odd ; fanciful. 
AN'TI€, n. 1. A buffoon, or merry Andrew ; one that prac- 
tices odd gesticulations. 2. Odd appearance ; fanciful 
figures. — 3. In architecture, sculpture, mvA •painting, snch 
pieces as were made by the ancients ; usually written 
antique. 
AN'TI€, V. t. To make antic. Shak. 
AN-TI-€A-€HE€'TI€, a. [Gr.avn and KaxEurm-] Curing, 

or tending to cure, an ill habit of the constitution. 
AN-TI-€A-€HE€'TI€, n. A medicine that tends to cor- 
rect an ill habit of body. 
AN-TI-€A-TaR'RHAL, a. [Gr. avri and Karappoos.] Good 

against catarrh. 
AN-TI-€A-TAR'RHAL, n. A remedy for catarrh. 
AN-TI-€AU-SOT'I€, a. [Gr. avri and Kavaos.] Good 

against a burning fever. 
AN-TI-€AU-SOTa€, n. A remedy for a burning fever. 
AN'TI-CHaM-BER, n. Dr. Johnson prefers ante-chamber, 

which see. 
AN'TI-€HRlST, n. [Gr. avri, and Christ.] A great adver- 
sary of Christ ; the man of sin. 
AN-TI-€HRIS'TIAN, a. Pertaining to Anti-christ ; opposite 

to, or opposing the Christian religion. 
AN-TI-CHRIS'TIAN, n. A follower of Anti-christ ; one op- 
posed to the Christian religion. 
AN-TI-CHRIS'TIAN-ISM, n. Opposition or contrariety to 

the Christian religion. 
AN-TI-€HRIS-TIAN'I-TY, n. Opposition or contrariety to 

Christianity. 
AN-Tl€H'RO-NlSM, n. [Gr. avri and p^povoj.] Deviation 

from the true order of time. 
AN-TIC'I-PATE, «.«. [Ij. anticipo.] 1. To take, or act, 
before another, so as to prevent him •, to take first pos- 
session. 2. To take before the proper time. 3. To fore- 
taste or foresee ; to have a previous view or unpression of 
something future. 
AN-TIC'I-PA-TED, pp. Taken before ; foretasted ; fore- 
seen ', precluded ; prevented. 
T AN-TIC'I-PATE-LY, adv. By anticipation. 
AN-TIC'I-PA-TING, ppr. Taking before; foretasting; 

precluding ; preventing. 
AN-TIC-I^Pa'TION, n. 1. The act of taking up, placing, or 
considering something before the proper time, in natural 
order ; prevention. 2. Foretaste ; previous view or im- 
pression of what is to happen afterward. 3. Previous 
notion ; preconceived opinion, produced in the mind, be- 
fore the truth is known ; slight previous impression. 4. 
The attack of a fever before the usual time. 
AN-TIC'I-PA-TOR, 7i. One who anticipates. 
AN-TIC'I-PA-TO-RY, a. Taking before the time. 
AN-TI-€LI'MAX, n. [Gr. avri and /cAj/ua|.] A sentence 
In which the ideas fall or become less important and 
striking at the close ; opposed to climax. 
AN'TI€-LY, adv. In an antic manner ; with odd postures 

and gesticulations ; with fanciful appearance. 
AN'TIC-MASK, or AN'TI-MASK, n. A mask of antics. 
AN-TI-€ON-STI-Tu'TION-AL, a. Opposed to or against 

the constitution. Bolingbroke. 
AN-TI-€0N-STI-Tu'Ti6N-AL-IST, n. One opposed to 

the constitution. 
AN-TI-€ON-Ta'GION-IST, n. One who opposes the doc- 
trine of contagion. 
AN-TI-€ON-Ta'GIOUS, a. Opposing or destroying conta- 
gion. 
AN-TI-€ON-VUL'SiVE, a. Good against convulsions. 
AN'T1-€0R, n. Among famers, an inflammation in a 

horse's throat. 
AN-TI-€0S-MET'I€, a. Destructive or injurious to beauty. 
AN-TI-COS-MET'ie, n. Any preparation which injures 

beauty, 
t AN'TI-COURT, a. In opposition to the court. 
AN-TI-€oURT'IER, n. One who opposes the court, or the 

measures of administration. 
AJ^f-TI-CRE-A'TOR, n. One that opposes the creator. 
AN-TI-DEM-0-CRAT'I€, ) a. Opposing democracy. 
AN-TI-DEM-0-€RAT'I-€AL, \ Mitford. 
AN'TI-DO-TAL, a. That has the quality of preventing the 

ill effects of poison, or of any thing noxious. 
AN-TI-DO'TA-RY, a. Serving for a counter poison. 
AN'TI-DOTE, n. [Gr. avn^oTOs.] 1. A medicine to coun- 
teract the effects of poison, or of any thing noxious taken 
into the stomach. 2. Whatever tends to prevent mis- 
chievous effects, or to counteract the evil which some- 
thing else might produce. 
AN-TI-Do'TI-€AL, a. Serving as an antidote. 
AN-TI-Do'TI-€AL-LY, adv. By way of antidote. 



ANT 

AN-TI-DYS-EN-TER'I€, a. Good against the dysentery, of 

bloody flux. 
AN-TI-DYS-EN-TER'I€, n. A remedy for dysentery. 
AN-TI-E-MET'I€, a [Gr. avri and cfxeTiKos. \ Having the 

quality of allaying vomiting. 
AN-TI-E-MET'lC, n. A remedy to check vomiting. 
AN-TI-EN-NE-A-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. avTi,£vvEa,aud eSpa.l 

In crystalography, having nine faces on two opposite parts 

of the crystal. 
aN'TIENT. See Ancient. 

AN-TI-EN-THU-SI-AS'TI€, a. Opposing enthusiasm. 
aN'TIENT-RY, n. [more coixectly, ancientry.] Cast of 

antiquity ; that which is ancient. 
AN-TI-E-PISC'O-PAL, a. Adverse to episcopacy. 
AN-TI-E-VAN-6EL'I-€AL, a. Contrary to orthodoxy, or 

the genuine sense of the gospel. 
AN'TI-FACE, n. Opposite face. Jonson. 
AN-TI-FA-NAT'I€, n. An opposer of fanaticism. 

* AN-TI-Fe'BRILE, a. That has the quality of abating fever. 

* AN-TI-Fe'BRILE, n. A medicine that cures, abates, or 
tends to allay fever. 

AN-TI-FLAT'TER-ING, a. Opposite to flattering. Delany. 

AN-TI-GUG'LER, n. A crooked tube of metal. 

AN-TI-HE€'TI€, a. [Gr. avri and ektikoj.] That has the 
quality of opposing or curing hectical disorders. 

AN-TI-IIE€'Tie, n. A medicine that is good in the cure 
of hectic disorders. 

AN-TI-HYP-N0T'I€, a. [Gr. avri and vvvog.] Counteract- 
ing sleep ; tending to prevent sleep or lethargy. 

AN-TI-HYP-NOT'IC, n. A medicine that prevents ortenda 
to prevent sleep. Coxe. 

AN-TI-HYP-0-€HOND'RI-A€, a. [Gr. avri and viroxov- 
SpiaKos.] That counteracts, or tends to cure, hypochondri- 
ac affections. 

AN-TI-HYP-0-€HOND'RI-A€, n. A remedy for hypo- 
chondriac affections and low spirits. 

AN-TI-HY-POPH'O-RA, n. [Gr. avri and virotpopa.] In 
rhetoric, a figure, which consists in refuting an objection 
by the opposition of a contrary sentence. 

AN-TI-HYS-TER'I€, a. [Gr. avri and varspa.] Counter- 
acting hysterics. 

AN-TI-HYS-TER'1€, to. A medicine that cures or counter- 
acts hysterical affections. 

AN-TI-LOG'A-RITHM, n. The complement of the loga- 
rithm of any sine, tangent, or secant, to 90 degrees. 

AN-TIL'0-GY, 71. [Gr. avri and \oyos.] A contradiction 
between any words or passages in an author. 

t AN-TIL'O-aUIST, n. A contradictor. Diet. 

t AN-TIL'0-aUY, n. An old word, denoting preface, 
proem, or peroration. 

t AN-TI-MA-6lS'TRI-€AIi, a. Opposed to the ofP.ce of 
magistrates South. 

AN-TI-MA'NI-A€, ) a. Counteracting or curing mad- 

AN-TI-MA-NI'A-€AL, \ ness or frenzy. 

AN'TI-MASK, n. A lesser mask. Bacon. 

AN-TI-ME-TAB'0-LE, (an-te-me-tab'o-ly) n, [Gr. avri 
and [xera^oM-] In rhetoric, a setting of two things in op- 
position to each other. 

AN-TI-ME-TATH'E-SIS, n. [Gr. avri. and ixeraeecis.'] 
In rhetoric, an inversion of the parts or members of au 
antithesis. 

AN-TIM'E-TER, n. [Gr. avri and ixerpov.] An optical in- 
strument for measuring angles. 

AN-TI-MET'RI-€AL, a. Contrary to the rules of metre or 

AN-TI-'mIN-IS-Te'RI-AL, a. Opposed to the ministry, or 
administration of government. 

AN-TI-MIN-IS-Te'RI-AL-IST, 71. One that opposes the 
ministry. 

AN-TI-MO-NAR€H'I-€AL, a. Opposed to monarchy ; that 
opposes a kingly government. 

AN-TI-MO-NaRCH'I-CAL-NESS, n. The quality of being 
opposed to monarchv. 

AN-TI-M0N'AR-€HIST, n. An enemy to ^juonarchy. 

AN-TI-Mo'NI-AL, a. Pertaining to antimony ; relating to 
antimony, or partaking of its qualities. 

AN-TI-Mo'NI-AL, TO. A preparation of antimony ; a medi- 
cine in which antimony is a principal ingredient. 

AN-TI-Mo'NI-ATE, n. A compound or salt composed ot 
antimonic acid and a base. 

AN-TI-Mo'Nl-A-TED, a. Partakmg of antimony ; mixed 
or prepared with antimony. 

AN-TI-MON'l€, a. Pertaming to antimony. 

AN-TI-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Pertaining to antimony. 

AN'TI-MO-NlTE, w. A compound of antimoniousacidai'd 
a base. 

AN'TI-MO-NY, n. [Fr. antimoinc] Primarily, a metallic 
ore, consisting of sulphur combined with a metal. The 
sulphuret of antimony, the stibium of the Romans, is a 
blackish mineral, which stains the hands, hard, brittle, 
full of long, shining, needle-like strice, and used in med- 
icine and the arts. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, T, o, U, ■?, Zoto^-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;- ^iN, MARiNE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete 



ANT 



41 



ANT 



AN-Tl-MOR'AL-IST, n. An opposer of morality. 

AN-TI-Mu'Sl-CAL, a. Opposed to music ; having no ear 
for m'lsic. Jlmer. Review. 

AN-TI-NE-PHRIT'ie, a. Counteracting diseases of tlie 
kidneys. 

AN-TI-NE-PHRIT I€, n. A medicine tliat tends to remove 
diseases of tlie kidneys. 

AN-TI-No'MI-AN, a. [Gr. avTi, and vo{xog.] Against law ; 
pertaining to tlie Antiiiomians. 

AN-Tr-No MI-AN, n. One of a sect who maintain, that, 
under the gospel dispensation, the law is of no use or ob- 
ligation ; or who hold doctrines which supersede the ne- 
cessity of good works and a virtuous life. 

AN-TI-No'MI-AN-iSM, n. The tenets of Antinomians. 

* AN'TI-NO-MIST, n. One who pays no regard to the law, 
or to good works. 

* AN'Tl-NO-MY, ji. A contradiction between two laws, or 
between two parts of the same law. 

AN-TI-0'€HI-AN, a. Pertaining to Antiochus, the founder 
of a sect of philosophers. 

AN-TI-Pa'PAL, a. Opposing popery. 

AN-T1-PA-P1S'TI€, I a. Opposed to popery or papacy. 

AN-TI-PA-PIS'TI-€AL, \ Jortin. 

AN-TI-PAR'AL-LEL, a. Rimning in a contrary direction. 
Hammond. 

AN-TI-PAR-A-LYT'1€, a. Good against the palsy. 

AN-TI-PAR-A-LYT'1€, n. A remedy for the palsy. 

AN-TI-PA-THET'i€, \ a. Having a natural contrarie- 

AN-TI-PA-THET'I-OAL, \ ty, or constitutional aversion 
to a thing. 

AN-TI-PA-THET'I-eAL-NESS, n. The quality or state of 
having an aversion or contrariety to a thing. 

AN-TIP'A-THOUS, a. Adverse. Beaumont. 

AN-TIP'A-THY, n. [Gr. avri and irndog.] 1. Natural aver- 
sion ; instinctive contrariety or opposition in feeling ; an 
aversion felt at the presence, real or ideal, of a particular 
object. — 2. In ethics, antipathy is hatred, aversion or 
repugnancy ; hatred to persons ; aversion to persons or 
things ; repugnancy to actions. — 3. In physics, a contra- 
riety iri the properties or affections of matter, as of oil and 
water. 

AN-T1-PAT-RI-0T'[€, a. Not patriotic ; opposing the in- 
terests of one's country. 

AN-Tl-PE-DO-BAP'TIST, n. [Gr. avrt, ttuis, i^aiSog, and 
l^aiTTi^o).] One who is opposed to the baptism of infants. 

AN-TI-PER-IS-TAL'TI€, a. Opposed to peristaltic , retro- 
verted 

AN-TI-PE-RIS'TA-SIS, n. [Gr. avri and nepLarams.] The 
opposition of a contrary quality, by which the quality op- 
posed acquires strength. 

AN-T[-PER-IS-TAT'I€, a. Pertaining to antiperistasis. 

AN-TI-PES-TI-LEN'TIAL, a. Counteracting contagion or 
infection. 

AN-TI-PHLO-eiS'TIAN, 7i. An opposer of the theory of 
phlogiston. 

AN-Tt-PHLO-6IS'TI€, a. Counteracting heat or inflamma- 
tion ; tending to reduce arterial action ; opposed to the 
doctrine of phlogiston. 

AN-TI-PHLO-GIS'TIC, n. Any medicine or diet which 
tends to reduce inflammation, or the activity of ihe 
vital power. 

AN'TI-PHON, n. The chant or alternate singing in choirs 
of cathedrals. 

AN-TlPH'0-NAL, AN-TI-PHON'I€, or AN-TI-PHON'I- 
€AL, a. Pertaining to antiphony or alternate singing. 

AN-TIPH'0-NA-RY, n. [Gr. avri and (p(j}vrj.] A service 
book in the Catholic church. 

AN-TIPIi'0-NER, 71. A book of anthems or antiphons. 
Chaticcr. 

AN-TIPH 0-NY, n. [Gr. uvtl and (pm'r].] 1. The answer 
of one choir to another, when an anthem or psalm is sung 
by two choirs ; alternate singing. 2. A species of psalmo- 
dy, when a congregation is divided into two parts, and 
each sings the verses alternately, 3. The words given out 
at the beginning of a psalm, to which both the choirs are 
to accomuiodate their singing. 4. A musical composition 
of severa' verses, extracted from different psalms. 

AN-TIPF RA-SIS, n. [Gr. avTL and (ppamg.] The use of 
words In a sense opposite to their proper meaning. 

AN-TI-PHRAS'TI€, ) a. Pertaining to antiphrasis. 

AN-TI-PHRAS'TI-€AL, \ Ash. 

AN-TI-PHRAS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of an an- 
tiphrasis. 

AN-TIP'O-DAL, a. Pertaining to the antipodes 5 having the 
feet directly opposite. 

*AN'TI-PODE, phi. Antipodes, n. [Gr. avrt, and novs, 
7ro(5oj.] One who lives on the opposite side of the globe, 
and, of course, "Nvhose feet are directly opposite to ours. 

AN-TI-POI'SON, (an-te-poy'zn) n. An antidote for poi- 
son. 

AN'TI-POPE, n. One who usurps the papal power, in oppo- 
sition to the pope. 

AN'TI-PORT, n. An outward gate or door. 



AN-TI-PRE^LAT'T-€AL, a. Adverse to prelacy 

AN'TI-PRIeST, n. An opposer or enemy of priests. 

AN-TI-PRIeST'€RAFT, n. ^/pposition to priestcraft 

AN-TI-PRIN'CI-PLE, 71. An opposite principle. 

AJS[-TI-PROPH'ET, n. An enemy or opposer of proph 
ets. 

* AN-TIP'TO-SIS, n. [Gr. avri and Trrwtnj.j In grammar ^ 
the putting of one case for another. 

AN-Tl-PU'RI-TAN, n. An opposer of Puritans. 

AN-'JT-UUa'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to antiquaries, or to 
antiquity. As a noun, this is used for antiquary. 

AN-TI-aUA'RI-AN-ISM, n. Love of antiquities. 

AN'TI-Q,[JA-RY, n. [L. antiquanus .'] One who studies into 
the history of ancient things, as statutes, coins, medals, 
paintings, inscriptions, books and manuscripts, or search- 
es for them, and explains their origin and purport ; one 
versed in antiquity. 

AN'TI QUATE, v. t. [L. antique ] To make old, or obso- 
lete ; to make old in such a degi-ee as to pui out of use. 
Hence, when applied to laws or customs, it amounts to 
make void, or abrogate. 

AN'TI-QUA-TED, jjp. Grown old ; obsolete ; out of use ; 
having lost its binding force by non-observance. 

AN'TI-QUA-TED-NESS, n. The state of being old, or ob- 
solete. 

ANTI-aUATE-NESS, n. The state of being obsolete. 

AN-TI-aUA'TION, n. The state of being antiquated. 

AN-TiaUE', (an-teekO a. [Fr.] 1. Old ; anr-^nt ; of genuine 
antiquity. 2. Old, as it respects the piesent age, or a 
modern period cf time ; of old fashion. 3. Odd ; wild ; 
fanciful ; more generally written antic. 

AN-TiQ,UE', (an-teek') n. In general, any thing very old ; 
but, in a more limited sense, the remains of ancient artists, 
as busts, statues, paintings aid vases, the works of Gre 
cian and Roman antiquity. 

AN-TiaUE'NESS, (an-teek'nes) n. The quality of being an- 
cient j an appearance of ancient origin and workman- 
ship. 

AN-T1Q,'UI-TY, n. [L. antiquitas.] 1. Ancient times ; for- 
mer ages 5 times long since past. 2. The ancients : the 
people of ancient times ; as, the fact is admitted by all aii- 
tiquity. 3. Ancientness ; great age ; the quality of being 
ancient. 4. Old age. Skak. 5. The remains of ancient 
times. In this sense it is usually or always plural. 

AN-TI-REV-0-LU'TION-A-RY, a. Opposed lo a revolu- 
tion ; opposed to an entire change in the form of govern- 
ment. Burke. 

AN-TI-REV-0-LU'TION-IST, n. One who is opposed to a 
revolution in government. 

AN-TI-SAB-BA-Ta'RI-AN, n. One of a sect who oppose 
the observance of the Christian Sabbath. 

AN-TI-Sa'BI-AN, a. Opposed or contrary to Sabianism, or 
the worship of the celestial orbs. 

AN-TI-SA-CER-Do'TAL, a. Adverse to priests. 

AN-T1S"CIAN, ) n. [L. antiscii.'] In geography, the inhab 

AN-TIS"CIANS, \ itants of the earth, living on different 
sides of the equator, whose shadows at noon are cast.in 
contrary directions. 

AN-TI-S€OR-Bu TI€, or AN-TI-S€OR-Bu'TI-€AL, a 
Counteracting the scurvy. 

AN-TI-S€OR-Bu'TI€, n. A remedy for the scurvy. 

AN TI-SCRIP'TU-RISM, n. Opposition to the Holy Scrip- 
tures. Boyle. 

AN-TI-S€RtP'TU-RIST, n. One that denies revelation 
Boyle. 

jAN'TI-SCRIPT, n. Opposition in writing to some other 
writing. 

AN-TI-SEP'TI€, a. [Gr. avri and cr]iTTos.'\ Opposing or 
counteracting putrefaction. 

AN-Tl-SEP'Tie, n. A medicine vi'hich resists or corrects 
putrefaction. 

AN-TI-So'CIAL, a. Averse to society ; that tends to inter- 
rupt or destroy social intercourse. 

AN-TISTA-SIS, n. [Gr. avri and cnraw.] A revulsion of 
fluids from one part of the body to another. 

AN-TI-SPAS-MOD'I€, a. [Gr. avri and o-Tracr/^o?.] Oppos- 
ing spasm ; resisting convulsions ; as anodynes. 

AN-TI-SPAS-M0D'1€, n. A remedy for spasm or convul- 
sions. 

AN~TI-SPAS'Tie, a. Causing a revulsion of fluids or hu- 
mors. Johnson. 

AN-TI-SPLEN'-E-TIC, a. Good as a remedy in diseases of 
the spleen. Johnson. 

AN-TIS'TA-SIS, n. [Gr. avri and orao-ff.] In oratory, the, 
defense of an action from the consideration that, if it had 
been omitted, something worse would have happened. 

AN-TIS'TES, n. [L.] The chief priest or prelate. 

AN-TIS'TRO~PHE, \n. [Gr. avri and arpocpri.] 1. Ingram- 

AN-TIS'TRO-PHY, \ mar, the changing of things mutual- 
ly depending on each other ; reciprocal conversion. 
2. Among the ancients, that part of a song or dance, befoie 
the altar, which was performed by turning from west to 
east, in opposition to tlie strophe. 



* See Synopsis. M5VE, BOOK, DoVE •,— BIJLL, UNITE.— € aa K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. 



f Obsolete 



APA 



42 



APH 



A figure which repeats a word 



AN-TIS'TRO-PHON, 

often. Milton. 

A.N-T!-S7'RU-MAT'm, ffl. [L. anti and struma.'] Good 
against scropuulous (f?§orders. 

AN-Tl'J'H'EiSlS, n. [Gr.^^syuflecri?.] ]. In rAetoric, an oppo- 
sition of words or sentini^fe j contrast ; as, " The prod- 
igal robs his heir, tlie miser robs himself." 2. Opposition 
of opinions; controversy, 

Ai\-Tl-THET'1€, / a. Pertaining to antithesis ; con- 

AN-1'1-THET'1-€AL, J taining or abounding with antith- 
esis 

AN-TITH'E-TON, n. [Gr. avTiOerov.] An opposite. 

AN-Tl-TRlN-l-TA'RI-AN, n. One wlio denies the trinity, 
or tlie existence of three pei-sons in the Godhead. 

AN-T[-TR1N-1-Ta'RI-AN, a. Opposing tlie trinity. 

AN-TI-TRIN-I-Ta'RI-AJS1-1SM, n. A denial of the trin- 
ity. 

AN'TI-TyPE,m. [Gr. avTirvnov.] A figure corresponding to 
another figure ; that of which the type is the pattern or 
representation Thus the paschal lamb, in Scripture, is 
tlie type, of which Christ is the antitype. 

\N-Tl-'i'YP'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to an antitype ; explain- 
ing the type. Johnson. 

AN-TI-Va'K1-0-L0US, a. Opposing the smallpox, jyied. 
Rep. 

AN-Ti-VE-Ne'RE-AL, a. Resisting venereal poison. 

ANTLER, 71. A start or branch of a horn, especially of the 
horns of the cervine animals, as of the stag or moose. 

ANT'LERED, a. FurnisJied with antlers. 

AN TCE'Cr, n. [Gr. avn and oikeu}.] Those inhabitants of the 
eartli, who live under the same meridian, and at the same 
distance from the equator ; the one toward the north, and 
the other toward the south. 

AN-TO'NI-AN, a. Noting certain medicinal waters in Ger- 
many, at or near Tonstein. 

AN-TO-NO-Ma'SIA, ) 71. [Gr. avTi and ovo[xa.] The use 

AN-TO-NOM'A-SY, ) of the name of some office, dig- 
nity, profession, science or trade, instead of the true 
name of the person ; as when his majesty is used for a 
king. 

ANT-O-SI-AN'DRI-AN, n. One of a sect of rigid Luther- 
ans, so denominated from their opposing the doctrines of 
Osiander. 

fAN'TRE, 71. [Ij. antrum.] A cavern. Skak. 

AN'VIL, n. [Sax. anfilt, tenflt.] An iron block with a 
smooth face, on which smiths hammer and shape their 
work. Figuradvel/'^ any thing on which blows are laid. 
Shak. To be on the anvil, is to be in a state of discussion, 
forniation or preparation. 

ANX-l'E-TUDE, 91. Anxiety, solicitude. [Little used.] 

ANX-l'E-TY, (ang-zi'e-ty) n. [L. auzietas.] 1. Concern or 
solicitude respecting some event, future, or uncertain, 
which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful 
uneasiness. — 2. In medical language, uneasiness ; un- 
ceasing restlessness in sickness. 

ANX'IO'US, (ank'shus) a. 1. Greatly concerned or solicitous 
respecting something future or unknown ; being in pain- 
ful suspense. 2. Full of solicitude ; unquiet. 3. Very 
careful ; solicitous. 

ANX'IOUS-LY, adv. In an anxious manner 5 solicitously ; 
carefully ; unquietly. 

ANX'IOUS-NESS, (ank'shus-nes) n. The quality of being 
anxious ; great solicitude. Johnson. 

AN'Y, (en'ny) a. [Sax. anig, arnig ; D. eenig ; Ger. einig.] 
1. One, indefinitely. 2. Some ; an indefinite number, plu- 
rally. 3. Some ; an indefinite quantity ; a small portion. 
4. ft is often used as a substitute, the person or thing be- 
ing ifriderstood. It is used in opposition to none 

tAN'Y-WHITH-ER, ad». Anywhere, Barrow. 

AN'Y-WISE (en'ny-wTze) is sometimes used adverbially, 
but the two words may be separated, and used with a 
preposition, in any wise. 

A-o'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to the muses, or to Aonia, in 
Boeotia. 

A O-RIST, n. [Gr. aopidTos.] The name of certain tenses in 
th(; grammar of the Greek language, which express time 
indeterminate. 

A-0-RrST'I€, a. Indefinite 5 pertaining to an aorist, or in- 
definite tense. 

A-ORT'A, n. [Gr. loprr;.] The great arteiy, or trunk of the 
arterial system, proceeding from the left ventricle of the 
heart, and giving oiigin to all the arteries, except the 
pulmonary arteries. 

A-ORT'AL, a. Pertaining to the aorta, or great artery. 

A-Ol''TA, n. The paper-mulberry tree in Otaheite. 

APaCE', adv. With a quick pace ; quick ; fast 5 speedily ; 
with haste ; hastily. 

AP'A-GO-6E, or AP'A-GO-GY, n. [Gr. from anayw.] In 
logic, abduction ; a kind of argument, wherein the greater 
extreme is evidently contained in the medium, but the 
medium not so evidently in the lesser extreme as not to 
require furtner proof. Encyc. 

AP-A-G0G'I-€AL, a. An apagogical demonstration is an 



indirect way of proof, by showing the absurdity or im 
possibility of the contrary. 

AP-A-LACH'I-AN, a. Pertaining to the Apalaches, a tribe 
of Indians, in the western part of Georgia ; and to the 
southern extremity of the Alleghanean ridges, 

A-PAN'THRO-PY, n. [Gr. alio and avdpwiros.] An aversion 
to the company cf men ; a love of solitude. 

AP-A-RITH'ME-SIS, 71. [Gr.J In rhetoric, enumeration. 

A-PaRT', adv. [Fr, aparte.] ]. Separately ; at a distance : 
in a state of separation, as to place. 2. In a state of dis- 
tinction, as to purpose, use or character. 3. Distinctly , 
separately. 4. Aside ; in exclusion of. 

A-PART'MENT, 71. [Fr. apartement.] A room in a building ; 
a division in a house, separated from others by partitions ; 
a place separated by inclosure. 

AP-A-THET'ie, a. Void of feeling ; free from p-assion ; in- 
sens-ible. Harris. 

AP'A-THY, n. [Gr. a and naOos.] Want of feelmg ; an 
utter privation of passion, or insensibility to pain. 

AP A-TITE, 71. A variety of phosphate of lime. 

APE, n. [D. aap ; Dan. abe ; Sax., Sw. and Ir. apa ; Ice 
ape.] 1. A genus of quadrupeds, found in the torrid zone 
of botli continents, of a great variety of species. In com- 
vion use, the word extends to all the tribe of monkeys and 
baboons. 2. One who imitates servilely, in allusion to the 
manners of the ape ; a silly fellow. 

APE, V. t. To imitate servilely ; to mimick. 

A-PeAK', adv. 1. On the point ; m a posture to pierce. — 2 
In seamcn^s language, perpendicular. 

AP'EN-NINE, G.' [L. Apenninus.] Pertaining to or desig- 
nating a chain of mountains, which extend through Italy 

AP'EN-NINES I ^' A chain of mountains in Italy. 

A-PEP'SY,7i. [Gr. a and TrtTrrw,] Defective digestion ; indi- 

_ gestion. Coxe. [Little used.] 

a'PER, n. One who apes. — In zoology, the wild boar. 

A-Pe'RI-ENT, a. [L. aperiens.] Opening •, deobstruent ; 
laxative, 

A-Pe'RI-ENT, n. A medicine which promotes the circula- 
tion of the fluids, by removing obstructions ; a laxative ; 
a deobstruent, 

A-PER'I-TIVE, a. Opening ; deobstruent •, aperient. 

t A-PERT', a. [L. apertus.] Open ; evident ; undisguised. 

A-PER'TION, n. The act of opening ; the state of being 
opened ; an opening ; a gap. [Little used.] 

A-PEST'LY, adv. Openly. Bale. [Little used.] 

A-PERT'NESS, n. Openness. [Rarely used.] 

A-PERT'OR, n. A muscle that raises the upper eye-lid. 

AP'ER-TuRE, ?i. 1. The act of opening ; an opening ; a 
gap, cleft or chasm ; a passage perforated. 2. An opening 
of meaning ; explanation. [jYot used.] Taylor. 

A-PET'A-LOUS, a. In botany, having no petals, or flower- 
leaves ; having no corol. 

A-PET'A-LOUS-NESS, n. A state of being without petals. 

a'PEX, 71. ; plu. Apexes. [L. apex ; plu. apices.] The tip, 
point orsummit of any thing, 

APH'A-NiTE, 71, In mineralogy, compact amphihole in a 
particular state, 

A-PHeL'ION, 7!. [Gr, ano and vXiog.] That point of a plan- 
et's orbit which is most distant from the sun ; opposed to 
perihelion. 

APH-E-Re'SIS, n. [Gr. mro and aipew.] 1. The taking of a 
letter or syllable from the beginning of a word. — 2. In the 
healing art, the removal of any thing noxious. — In surge- 
ry, amputation. 

f A-PHe'TA, n. The name of a plant, which is the giver 
of life in a nativity. Diet. 

j A-PHET'I-GAL, a. Relating to the apheta. 

APH-I-DIV'O-ROUS, a. Eating, devouring, or subsistmg 
on the aphis, or plant-louse. 

APH-I-LAN'THRO-PY, Tt. [Gr. a and (pi'\avepu)ma.] Want 
of love to mankind. — In medicine, the first stage of melan- 
choly, when solitude is preferred to society. 

a'PHIS, n. In zoology, the puceron, vine-fretter, or plant- 
louse ; a genus of insects, belonging to the order of he- 
mipters. 

APH-L0-GIS'TI€, a. [Gr. a and (pXayiaros.] Flameless ; as, 
an aphlogistic lamp. 

APH'O-NY, n. [Gr. a and (pwvrj.] A loss of voice ; a palsy 
of the tongue ; dumbness ; catalepsy. 

APH'0-RiSM, n. [Gr. a(popiaiJOs.] A maxim ; a precept, or 
principle expressed in few words ; a detached sentence 
containing some important truth. 

APH'O-RiSM-ER, n. A dealer in aphorisms. 

j- APTI'O-RIST, 71. A writer of aphorisms. JsTelson. 

APH-0-RrS'TI€, \ a. In the form of an aphorism ; in 

APH-0-R[S'TI-€AL, \ the form of short, unconnected sen- 

APH-O-RIS'TI-CAL-LY, adv. In the form or manner of 

aphorisms. 
APH'RITE, n. [Gr, a(ppoi.] A subvariety of carbonate of 

lime. 



* See Synovsis. A, E, T, 6, V, Y, long.— FKTl, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARtNE, BIRD •,— f Obsolete. 



APO 



43 



APO 



APH Rl-ZlTE, n. A variety of black tourmalin 

APH-RO-DfS'l-A€, or AFH-RO-DI-SI'A-OAL, a. [Gr. 
a(:/)j)0(5tcnof.] Exciting venereal desire ; increasing the 
api»etite for sexual connection. 

APH-RO-DlS'I-A€, n. A provocative to venery. 

APH'RO-DITE, n. [Gr. A(PpoSiTr].] A follower of Venus. 

APH'RO-DITE, or APH-RO-DI'TA, n. 1. In zoology, a ge- 
nus of the order of molluscas, called also sea-mouse. 2. 
A name of Venus. 

APH'THOiS'G, 71. [Gr. airo and ^doyyog.] A letter or com- 
bination of letters, which, in the customary pronuncia- 
tion of a word, have no sound. 

APH'THOUS, a. [Gr. acpOai.] Pertaining to thrush ; of the 
nature of thrush, or ulcerous affectioi^s of the mouth. 
Bigelow. 

APH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. a and (pvWov, folium.'] In botany, 

_ destitute of leaves. 

A'PI-A-RY, 71. [L. apiariwn.] The place where bees are 

_ kept ; a stand or shed for bees. 

A'P[-AS-T£R, 71. The bird called a bee-eater, a species of 
m crops. 

A'PI-CES, A'PEX-rS. See Apex. 

A-PIeCE', adv. To each ; noting the share of each. 

A-PlK'CES, adv. In pieces. Beaumont. 

A'PIS, 71. In mythology, an ox, worshiped in ancient 
Egypt, or a divinity or idol in the figure of an ox. 

A'PIS, 71. [li.] In zoology, the bee, a genus of insects. 

aTISH, a. Having the qualities of an ape ; inclined to im- 
itate in a servile manner ; hence, foolish, foppish, affect- 
ed, trifling. 

A'PISH-LY, adv. In an apish manner 5 with servile imi- 
tation ; foppishly. 

A'PISH-NESS, n. The quality of being apish ; mimicry ; 
foppery. 

A-PiT'PAT, adv. V^^ith quick beating or palpitation ; a 
word formed from the sound, pit and paf_ or from beat. 

AP-LA-NAT'I€, a. [Gr. a and n'Xavau).] An aplanatic tel- 
escope is one which entirely corrects the aberration of 
the rays of light. 

AP-Lo'ME, n. A mineral closely allied to garnet. 

AP-LUS'TER, ) n. [L.] An ensign, or ornament carried by 

AP-LUS'TRE, \ ancient ships. 

A-POG'A-LYPSE, n. [Gr. aTro/caXv-rrw.] Revelation ; dis- 
covery ; disclosure. The name of a book of the New 
Testament. 

A-PO€-A-LYP'TI€, \ a. Containing or pertaining to 

A-PO€-A-LYP'TI-€AL, S revelation ; disclosing. 

A-PO€-A-LYP'TI-eAL-LY, adv. By revelation ; in the 
manner of disclosure. 

A-PO€'0-PATE, v.t. To cut off, or drop, the last letter or 
svllable of a word. 

A-POeO-PA-TED, pp. Shortened by the omission of the 
last letter or syllable 

A-POC'O-PA-TING, ppr Cutting off or omitting the last 
letter or syllable. 

A-POC'O-PE, ) n. [Gr. aTro/coTr??.] The cutting off, or omis- 

A-POC'O-PY, \ sion of the last letter or syllable of a word. 

A-POCRI-BA-RY, n. [Gr. airoKpicnq.'] Anciently , tx \es\deni 
in an imperial city, in the name of a foreign church or 
bishop, answering to the modern nuncio. 

AP-O-CRUST'lC, a. [Gr. a-aoK^ovaTiKa.'] Astringent ; re- 
pelling. 

AP-0-€RUST'I€, n. A medicine which constringes and 
repels the humors ; a repellent. 

A-POCRY-PHA, V. [Gr. aizoKpvnrm, KpvnTOJ, to conceal.] 
Literally, such things as are not published ; but in an ap- 
propriate sense, books whose authors are not known, and 
whose authenticity, as inspired writings, is not admitted. 

A-PO€'RY-PHAL, a. Pertaining to the apocrypha ; not 
canonical ; of uncertain authority or credit ; false ; ficti- 
tious. 

A-PO€'RY-PHAL-LY, atZu. Uncertainly •, not indisputably. 

A-POC'RY-PHAL-NESS, n. Uncertainty as to authentici- 
ty ; doubtfulness of credit, or genuineness. 

AP'O-DAL, a. Without feet.— In zoology, destitute of ven- 
tral fins. 

AP'ODE, n. [Gr. a andnovi, TToSog.] An animal that has 
no feet. — In zoology, an order of fishes. 

A.P-0-DI€'TI€, la. [Gr. anoSei^ig.] Demonstrative; 

AP-0-DI€'TI-€AL, ) evidentbeyond contradiction; clear- 
ly proving. [Little used.] 

AP-0-DI€'TI-€AL-LY, adv. So as to be evident beyond 
contradiction. 

t AP-0-DIX'IS, n. Demonstration. Sir O. Buck. 

A-POD'0-SIS, 71. [Gr.] The application or latter part of a 
similitude. Mede. 

A-POD-Y-Te'RI-UM, n. [Gr. airoSvTepiov.] A dressing 
room. 

APO-GEE, n. [L. apogcon, apogeum.] That point in the 
orbit of a planet, which is at the greatest distance from 
the ear' h. 

A-P06-I-A-Tu'RA, 77. [It.] A cadence in music. 



AP'O-GON, n A fish of the Mediterranean, the summit 0. 
whose head is elevated. 

AP'0-GRAPH, 7i. [Gr. anoypa^ov.] An exemplar ; a copy 
or transcript. 

A-PUL-LI-NA'Rr-AN, a. [from Apollo.] The Apollinarian 
games were celebrated in honor of Apollo. 

A-POL-LI-JVA'Rl-Ai\S. In church history, a sect deriving 
their name from Apollinaris of Laodicea. 

A-POL'LO-BEL'VM)ERE. An ancient statue of the first 
class in excellence. 

A-POLL'YON, 71. [Gr. ano\\vu)v.] The destroyer ; a name 
used Rev. ix. 11, for the angel of the bottomless pit. 

A-POL-0-GET'IC, I a. [Gr. aTro\uyeuiiai.] Defending 

A-P0L-0-6ET'I-€AL, ) by words or arguments ; excu- 
sing ; said or written in defense, or by way of apology. 
Boyle. 

A-POL-O-GETT-CAL-LY, adv. By way of apology. 

A-POL'0-GIST, n. One who makes an apology ; one who 
speaks or writes in defense of another. 

A-POL'0-GlZE, V. i. To make an apology ; to write or 
speak in favor of, or to make excuse for. 

A-POL'0-Gl-ZER, n. Defender. Hanmer. 

AP'0-LOGUE, 7?. [Gr. an-oXoyof.] A moral fable; a story 
or relation of fictitious events, intended to convey useful 
truths. 

t AP'0-LOGU-ER, 71. Fabler. Burton. 

A-POL'0-GY, n. [Gr. airo'Xoyia.] An excuse ; something 
said or written in defense or extenuation of what appears 
to others wrong or unjustifiable. 

t AP-0-ME-€OM'-E-TRY, 71. The art of measuring things 
at a distance. 

AP-0-NEU-Ro'STS, \ n. [Gr. ano and vtvpov.] An expan- 

AP-0-NEtJ'RO-SY, \ sion of a tendon in the manner of a 
membrane ; the tendon or tail of a muscle. 

AP-0-PEMP'TI€, a. [Gr. airo and neimui.] Denoting a song 
or hymn among the ancients, sung or addressed to a stran- 
ger. It may be used as a noun for the hymn. 

A-POPH'A-SIS, n. [Gr. a.'o and ^acrtj.] In rhetoric, a wa- 
ving or omission of what one, speaking ironically, would 
plainly insinuate. 

* AP-0-PHLEG-MAT'I€, [See Phlegmatic] a. [Gr. otto 
and (pXeyixa.] Masticatory ; having the quality of exciting 
discharges of phlegm. 

*AP-0-PHLEG-MAT'I€, 7?. A masticatory; a medicine 
which excites discharges of phlegm from the mouth or 
nostrils. Coze. 

AP-O-PHLEG'MA-TISM, n. An apophlegmatic. 

AP-0-PHLEG-MAT'I-ZANT, n. An apophlegmatic. 

AP'-OPH-THEGM, or AP'0-THEM, n. [Gr. avro and <pBzy- 
//.a.] A remarkable saying ; a short, sententious, instruct- 
ive remark. 

A-POPH'Y-GE, ) n. [Gr. arro and (pvyrj.] 1. In architecture, 

A-P0PH'Y-6Y, \ the part of a column where it springs 
out of its base ; the spring of a column. 2. A concave part 
or ring of a column, lying above or beloAv the flat member. 

A-POPH'YL-LITE, n. [Gr. airo and cpvWov.] A mineral. 

A-POPH'Y-SIS, ) n. [Gr. utto and ((>vgis.] The projecting 

A-POPH'Y-SY, ) soft end or protuberance of a bone a 
process of a bone. 

AP-0-PLE€'TI€, or AP-0-PLE€'TI-€AL, a. Pertaining 
to or consisting in a-poplexv, or predisposed to apoplexy. 

AP-0-PL,E€'TI€, 71. A person affected by apoplexy. 

AP'0-PL'EXED, a. Affected with apoplexy. Shak. 

AP'0-PLEX-Y, 71. [Gr. arroir'Xri^ia.] A sudden deprivation •> 
all sense and voluntary motion, occasioned by repletion, or 
whatever interrupts the action of the nerves upon the 
muscles. Dryden uses apoplex for apoplexy. 

AP'O-RON, or APO-RIME, n. A problem difficult to be 
resolved. 

t AP-OR-RHQS'A, 71. Effluvium. Glanville. 

AP'O-RY, or A-Po'RI-A, n. [Gr. a-rropia.] 1. In rhetoric, 
a doubting or being at a loss where to begin, or what to 
say, on account of the variety of matter.— 2. In the 77?e^- 
ical art, febrile anxiety ; uneasiness. Coze. 

A-POS-I-O-PE'SIS, ) 71. [Gr. aTroaiwTrrjOLg.] Reticency or 

A-POS-I-OP'E-SY, ) suppression ; as when a speaker, 
for some cause, as fear, sorrow, or anger, suddenly 
breaks off his discourse, before it is ended. 

A-POS'TA-SY, n. [Gr. a-oaraatg.] 1. An abandonment 
of what one has professed ; a total desertion or departure 
from one's faith or religion. 2. The desertion from a 
party to which one has adhered. — 3. Among physicians, 
the throwing off of exfoliated or fractured bone, or the 
various solution of disease. 4. An abscess. 

A-POS'TATE, 71. One who has forsaken the church, «ect, 
profession, or party, to which he before adhered. 

A-POS'TATE, a. False ; traitorous. Spenser. 

AP-OS-TAT'I-€AL, a. After the manner of an apostate. 

A-POS'TA-TiZE, V. i. To abandon one's profession 01 
church ; to forsake the principles or faith which one has 
professed, or the party to which one has been attached. 



* See Syllepsis. M(^VE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. + Obsolete 



APP 



44 



APP 



A-POS'TA-TIZ-ING, ppr. Abandoning a church, profes- 
To form into an abscess ; to swell 



siou, sect, or party. 
A-POSTE-kAlxI.r. 



and fill witli pus, 

A-FOri-TE-MA'TlON, n. The formation of an aposteme ; 
tlie process of gathering into an abscess ; written, corrupt- 
ly, impostkumation. 

AP-OS-TEiM'A-TOUS, a. Pertaining to an abscess ; par- 
taking of the nature of an aposteme Journ. of Science. 

AP OS-TEME, 7J. [Gr. a7ro(77?;j/a.] An abscess ; a swelling 
tilled with purulent matter ; written also, corruptly, im- 
posthanie. 

A.-POS-TE-RI-0E.I, [\j. posterior. '[ Axgwments a posteriori 
are drawn from effects, consequences, or facts ; in oppo- 
sition to reasoning a priori^ or from causes previous to 
known results. 

A-POS'TLE, (a-pos'-sl) n. [L. apostolus ; Gr. aTrooroXoff.] 
A person deputed to execute some important business ; 
but, appropriately, a disciple of Christ, commissioned to 
preach the gospel. 

The oiiice or dignity of an apostle. 
A mission ; the dignity or office of 



A-POS TLE-SHIP, 
A-POS'l'0-LATE,'?i. 

an apostle. 
-^P-OS-TOL'ie, i 
-^P-OS-TOL I-CAL, I 



1. Pertaining or relating to the 
apostles. 2. According to the doc- 
trines of the apostle's ; delivered or taught by tlie apostles. 

AP-OS-TOL'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of the apostles. 

AP-OS-TOL'I-€ALr-NES£, n. The quality of being apos- 
tolical, or according to the doctrines of the apostles. 

AP-OS-TOL'I€S, 71. Certain sects so called from their pre- 
tending to imitate the practice of the apostles. 

A-POS TRO-PHE, I n. [Gr. airo and arpocpri.'] 1. In rhet- 

A-POS'^f^RO-PHY, \ oric, a diversion of speech ; a digres- 
sive address ; a changing the coui-se of a speech, and ad- 
dressing a person, who is dead or absent, as if present. — 
2. In grammar, the contraction of a word by the omission 
of a letter or letters, which omission is marked by a com- 
ma ; as, caWd for called. The comma used for this pur- 
pose may also be called an apostrophe. 

A-POS'TRO-PKI€, a. Pertaining to an apostrophe ; noting 
the contraction of a word. Murray. 

A-POS TRO-PHiZE, v. i. or t. 1. To make an apostrophe, 
or short, detached address in speaking. 2. v. t. To con- 
tract a word Ly omitting a letter or letters. 3. To mark 
with a comma, indicating the omission of a letter. 

A-POS TRO-PHIZED, pp. Addressed by way of digres- 
sion •, contracted by the omission of a letter or letters 5 
marked by an apostrophe. 

A-POS'TRO-PHI-ZING, ppr. Addressing in a digression ; 
contracting or marking by aj ostrophe. 

APOS-TUME, n. An aposteme, which see. 

AP-0-TA€'TITE, 71. \Gx. a-rroTaKTOi.] One of a sect of an- 
cient Christians, who, in imitation of the first believers, 
renounced all their effects and possessions. 

AP-0-THE'€A, 71. [L.] An apothecary's shop. 

A-POTIi'E-€A-Ry, 71. [L. apotheca.] 1. One who prac- 
tices pharmacy ; one who prepares drugs for medicinal 
uses, and keeps them for sale. 2. In the middle ages, an 
apothecary was the keeper of any shop or warehouse. 

APO-THEGM, m APO-TIIEM, 7i. [See Apophthegm.] 
A remarkable saying ; a short, instructive remark. 

AP-0-THEG-?»IAT 1€, ) a. In the manner of an apo- 

AP-0-THEG-MAT'I-€AL, \ them. 

AP-0-THEGMA-TIST, n. A collector or maker of apo- 
thems. Pope. 

AP-0-THEG'MA-TlZE, v. i. To utter apothems, or short, 
instnictive sentences. 

AP'0-THEME, n. In Russia, an apothecary's shop. 

AP-O-THe'O-SIS, 7i. [Gr. anodeujais.] Deification ; conse- 
cration ; the act of placing a prince, or other distinguish- 
ed person, among the heathen deities. 

A -POTH'E-SIS, 71. [Gr.] 1. The reduction of a dislocated 
bone. 2. A place on'the south side of the chancel, in 
the primitive churches, furnished with shelves, for books, 
■vestments, &c. Wheler. 

'V.-POT'O-ME, ) n. [Gr. aTrorr/ivw.] 1. In mathematics, the 

A-POT 0-MY, \ difference between two mcommensura- 
bl^ quantities. — 2, In music, that portion of a tone major 
which remains after deducting from it an interval, less, 
by a ftmma, than a semitone major. 

AP-0 -TREP SIS, n. [Gr. aTro and rpsTrw.] The resolution 
of a suppurating tumor. Coze. 

AP'O-TRO-PY. r.. [Gr. a-izo and rpETrw.] In ancient poetry, 
a verse or hymn composed for averting the wrath of m- 
censed deities. 

AP'O-ZEM, 77. [Gr. aTroand ^£0).] A decoction, in which 
the medicinal substances of plants are extracted by boil- 
ing. 

A.P-0-ZEI\I'I-€AL, a. Like ^ decoction. Whitaker. 

\ AP-PAIR', V. t. To impair. 

. AP-PAlR', V. i. To degenerate. 

AP-PALL', V. t. [Ft. palir ; L. palleo.] 1. To depress or 
discourage with fear •, to impress with fear, in such a 



manner that the mind shrinks, or loses its firmness 2 
To reduce, allay, or destroy. [Unusual.] Thomson. 

AP-PALL', V. i. To grow faint ; to be dismayed. 

AP-P*A.LL'ED, pp. Depressed or disheartened with fear 

AP-PALL'ING,p;7r. Depressing with fear ; reducing. 

AP-PALL'MENT, 71. Depression occasioned by fear ; dis- 
couragement. 

AP'PA-iVAGE, n. [Fr. apanage.] 1. Lands appropriated 
by a prince to the maintenance of his younger sons. 2. 
Sustenance ; means of nourishing. Swift. 

AP-PA-Ra'TUS, 71. ; plu. Apparatuses. [L.] 1. Things 
provided as means to some end 5 the fumitu/e of a 
house ; instruments of war ; a complete set of instruments 
or utensils, for performing any operation. — 2. In surgery, 
the operation of cutting for the stone. 

AP-PAR'EL, 71. [Fr. appareil.'] 1. Clothing ; vesture ; 
garments ; dress, 2. External habiliments or decora- 
tions ; appearance. 3. The furniture of a ship, as sails, 
rigging, anchors, &c. 

AP-PAR'EL, V. t. 1. To dress or clothe. 2. To adorn 
with dress. 3. To dress with external ornaments ; to 
cover, as with garments. 4. To furnish with external 
apparatus. 

AP-PAR'ELED, pp. Dressed ; clothed ; covered as with 
dress -, furnished. 

AP-PAR'EL-ING, ppr. Dressing ; clothing ; covering as 
with dress ; furnishing. 

t AP-PA'REx\CE, (ap-pair'ens) / 71. Appearance. Chau- 

\ AP PA'REN-CY, (ap-pair'en-sy) J cer. Oower. 

AP-PA'RENT, (ap-pair'ent) a. 1. That may be seen ; visi- 
ble to the eye ; within sight or view. 2. Obvious ; plain ; 
evident ; indubitable. 3. Visible -, in opposition to hid or 
secret. 4. Visible ; appearing to the eye 5 seeming, in 
distinction from true or real. — Heirs apparent are those 
whose right to an estate is indefeasible, if they survive 
the ancestor 5 in distinction from presumptive heirs, who, 
if the ancestor should die immediately, would inherit, 
but whose right is liable to be defeated by the birth of 
other children. Blackstone. 

AP-PA'RENT-LY, (ap-pair'ent-ly) adv. 1. Openly ; evi 
dently. 2. Seemingly ; in appearance. 

AP-PA'RENT-NESS, (ap-paur'ent-ness) n. That which ia 
apparent. 

AP-PA-Rl 'TION, 77. 1. In a general sense, an appear- 
ance 5 visibility. [Little used.] Milton. 2. The thing 
appearing •, a visible object ; a form. Milton. 3. A 
ghost ; a spectre •, a visible spirit. [ This is now the usual 
sense of the v-ord.] 4. Mere appearance, opposed to re- 
ality. Dcnham. 

AP-PAR'I-TOR, 77. [L. apparo.] Among the Romans, any 
officer who attended magistrates and judges to execute 
their orders. — In England, a messenger or officer who 
serves the process of a spiritual comt, or a beadle in the 
university who carries the mace. 

t AP-PAY'," V. t. [Sp. apagar.] To satisfy. 

t AP-PeACH', v. t. To accuse ; to censure. 

t AP-PeACHER, n. An accuser. 

t AP-PeACII'MENT, 71. Accusation ; charge exhibited. 

AP-PeAL', v. i. [Fr. appeler ; L. appello.] 1. To refer to 
a superior judge or court, for the decision of a cause de- 
pending, or the revision of a cause decided in a lower 
court. 2. To refer to another for the decision of a question 
contioverted, or the counteraction of testimony or facts. 

AP-PeAL', v. t. To call or remove a cause from an inferior 
to a_superior judge or comt. 

AP-PeAL', v. t. In criminal law, to charge with a crime ; 
to accuse ; to institu-te a criminal prosecution. 

AP-PeAL', 77. 1. The removal of a cause or suit from an 
inferior to a superior tribunal ; -also, the right of appeal. 
2. An accusation ; a process instituted by a private per- 
son against a man for some crime by which he has been 
injured. 3. A summons to answer to a charge. 4. A 
call upon a person ; a reference to Einother for proof or 
decision. 5. Resort ; recourse. 

AP-PeAL'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be appealed ; that may 
be removed to a higher tribunal for decision. 2. That 
mav be accused or called to answer by appeal. 

t AP-PeAL'ANT, 77. One who appeals. Shah 

AP-Pi^AL'ED, (ap-peeld') pp. Removed to a higher court, 
as a cause ; prosecuted for a crime by a private person, 
as a criminal. 

AP-PeAL'ER, 77. One who appeals ; an appellor. 

AP-PeALTNG, ppr. Removing a cause to a higher tribu- 
nal ; prosecuting as a private person for an oflense ; re- 
ferring to another for a decision. 

A?-PeAR', v. i. [L. appareo.] 1. To come or be in sight ; 
to be in view ; to be visible. 2. To become visible to 
the eye, as a spirit, or to the apprehension of the mind ; 
a sense frequent in Scripf.ure. 3. To stand in presence of, 
as parties or advocates before a court, or as persons to be 
tried. 4. To be obvious ; to be known, as a subject of 
observation or comprehension. 5. To be clear or made 
clear by evidence. 6. To seem, in opposition to reality 
7. To be discovered, or laid open. 



* See Synopsis A, E, T, o, V^, Y, long.—YkVi, FALL, WHAT •,— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BtRD ;— f Obsolete 



APP 



45 



APP 



\ AP-PeAR', n. Appearance 

AP-Pk.AJR AXCE, n. 1. The act of coming into sight ; the 
act of becoming visible to the eye. 2. The thing seen ; a 
phenomenon. 3. Semblance ; apparent likeness. 4. Ex- 
ternal show ; semblance assumed, in opposition to reality 
or substance. 5. Personal presence ; exhibition of the 
person. 6. Exhibition of the character ; introduction of 
a person to the public in a particular character. 7. Prob- 
ability ; likelihood. Bacon. 8. Presence ; mien ; figure, 
as presented by the person, dress, or manners. 9. A be- 
ing present in court ; a defendant's filing common or 
special bail to a process. 10. An apparition. Addison. 

AP-Pe.IR'ER, n. The person that appears. 

AP-PeAR'ING, ppr. Coming in sight ; becoming evident ; 
making an external show ; seeming 5 having the sem- 
blance. 

AP-PeAR E\G, n. The act of becoming visible ; appearance. 

AP-PeAS'A-BLE, a. That may be appeased, quieted, 
calmed, or pacified. 

AP-PeAS'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being appeasa- 
ble._ 

AP-PeASE', v. t. [Ft. apaiser.] To make quiet ; to calm ; 
to reduce to a state of peace 5 to still ; to pacify. 

AP-PeAS'ED, (ap-peezd') pp. Quieted ; calmed ; pacified. 

AP-PeASEMENT, n. The act of appeasing ; the state of 
being in peace. 

AP-PeAS'ER, 71. One who appeases, or pacifies. 

AP-PeAS'IVE, (ap-pe'-siv) a. Having the power to ap- 
pease ; mitigating ; quieting. 

t AP-PEL LAN-CY, 7!.. An appeal. 

AP-PEL'LANT, n, 1. One who appeals, or removes a 
cause from a lower to a higher tribunal. 2. One who 
prosecutes another for a crime. 3. One who challenges 
or summons another to single combat. — 1. In church his- 
tory, one who appeals from the Constitution Unigenitus 
to a general council. Milton. 

f AlP-PEL'LATE, n. A person appealed, or prosecuted for 
a crime. See Appellee. Ayliffe. 

AP-PEL'LATE, a. Pertaining to appeals ; having cogni- 
ZEmce of appeals 5 as, " appellate jurisdiction." Const, of 
U.S. Burke. 

AP-PEL-La TION, 7!. [L. appellatio.] Name ; the word by 
which a thing is called and known. Spenser uses it for 
appeal. 

AP-PEL'LA-TiVE, a. Pertaining to a common name ; no- 
ting the common name of a species. 

AP-PEL'LA-TiVE, n. A common .name, in distinction 
from a proper name. A common name, or appellative, 
stands for a whole class, genus or species of beings, or 
for universal ideas. 

AP-PEL'LA-TTYE-LY, adv. According to the manner of 
nouns appellative ; in a manner to express whole classes 
or species. 

AP-PEL'LA-TO-RY, a. Containing an appeal. 

AP-PEL-LEE', n. 1. The defendant in an appeal. 2. The 
person who is appealed, or prosecuted by a private man 
for a crime. 

AP-PEL-LOR', n. The person who institutes an appeal, or 
prosecutes another for a crime. Blackstone. 

AP-PEND', V. t. [L. appendo.] 1. To hang or attach to, as 
by a string, so that the thing is suspended. 2. To add, as 
ail accessory to the principal thing. Johnson. 

AP-PEXD'A6E, n. Something added to a principal or 
greater thing. 

fAP-PEXD'ANCE, or f AP-PEXD'ENCE, n. Something 
annexed. Bp. Hall. 

AP-PEXD'AXT, a. Hanging to; annexed; belonging to 
something ; attached. 

AP-PEND AXT, ?i. That which belongs to another thing, 
as incidental or subordinate to it. 

AP-PEXD ED, pp. Annexed ; attached. 

t AP-PEXD'I-€ATE, v. t. To append ; to add to. Hale. 

t AP-PEX-DI-€a'TION, n. An appendage or adjunct. 

AP-PEXD I-€LE, 71. A small appendage. 

AP-PEXT)'IXG, 7!. That which is bv right annexed. 

AP-PEXD IX, n. ; phi. Appe>-dixes. [L. The Latin plural 
is appendices.] I. Something appended or added. 2. An 
adjunct, concomitant, or appendage. 3. More generally, 
a supplement or short treatise added to a book. 

fAP-PER-CElYE', r. f. \Ft. apercevoir.] To comprehend. 

t AP-PER-Ci?IY'IXG, 7!. Perception. Chaucer. 

AP-PER-CEP'TIOX, n. Perception that reflects upon itself; 
consciousness. Reid. 

\ AP-PER'IL, n. Peru ; danger. Shal: 

AP-PER-TaIX'', v. i. [Fr. appartenir ; L. ad and pertineo.] 
To belong, whether bv right, naUire or appointment. 

AP-PER-TaIX'IXG, vp. Belonging. 

AP-PER-TaIX'MEXT, 71. That which belongs. 

t AP-PER TE-XAXCE, v. t. To have as right belonging. 

AP-PER'TE-XEXCE, n. See Appurte>-ance. 

AP-PER TT-X'^EX^T, a. Belonging; now written appurte- 
nant. Shak. 

t AP-PER TI-NENT, 77. That which belongs to something 
else. S^ a A:. See ApptrRTzxANCE. 



AP'FE-TENCE, ) n. [L. appetentia.] 1. Desire ; especial 

AP'PE-TEN-CY, ] ly carnal desire ; sensual appetite. 
2. The disposition of organized bodies to select and im- 
bibe such portions of matter as serve Zo support and nour- 
ish them. 3. An inclination 01 propensity in animals to 
perform certain actions, as in the young to suck-, in 
aquatic fowls to enter into water and "to swim. 

AP'PE-TEXT, a. Desiring ; very desirous. Buck. 

AP-PE-TI-BIL'1-TY, 71. The quality of being desirable foi 
gratification. 

AP'PE-TI-BLE, a. [Low L. appetiMlis.] Desirable ; that 
may bethe object of sensual desire. 

APPE-TlTE, 7!. [L. appetittis.'] I. The natural desire of 
pleasure or good ; the desire of gratification, either of tlie 
body or of the mind. 2. A desire of food or drink ; a pain- 
ful sensation occasioned by liunger or thirst. 3. Strong 
desire ; eagerness or longing. 4. The thing desired 
Swift. 

t AP'PE-TlTE, V. t. To desire. Sir T. Elyot. 

AP-PE-Tl"TIOX% n. [L. appetitio.] Desire. [Rarely used.] 

t AP-PE-Tl'iTIOUS, a. Palatable ; desirable. 

AP'PE-Tl-TiYE, a. That desires ; tliat has the quality of 
desiring gratification. 

AP'PI-AN, a. Designating something that belongs to Appius, 
particularly a way from Rome through Capua to Brundu- 
sium, nowBrindisi, constructed by Appius Claudius. 

AP-PLAUD', V. t. [L. cpplaudo.] 1. To i)raise by clapping 
the hands, acclamation, or other significant sign. 2. To 
praise by words, actions, or other means ; to express ap- 
probation of; to commend. 

AP-PLAUD ED, pp. Praised by acclamation, or other 
mean's ; commended. 

AP-PLAUD'EK, n. One who pi-aises or commends. 

AP-PLAUD'J.NG, ppr. Praising by acclamation ; commend- 
ing. ■" 

AP-PLAUSE', 72. [L. applausus.] A shout of approbation ; 
approi3ation and praise, expressed by clapping the hands, 
acclamation or huzzas ; approbation expresse"d. 

AP-PLAL'SIYE, a. Applauding ; containing applause. 

AP'PLE, 7!. [Sax. appl, appil ; D. appel ; Ger. apfel ; Dan. 
ccble : Sw. aple.] 1. Tlie fruit of the apple-tree, [pyrus 
vialus,] from w'hich cider is made. 2. The apple of the 
eye is th« pupil. — Apple of love, or love apple, the tomato, 
a species of solamun. 

AP'PLE, -c. t. To form like an apple. Marshal. 

AP'PLE-GRAFT, n. A scion of he apple-tree ingrafted. 

APPLE-HAR-YEST,7i. The githering of apples, or the 
time of gathering. 

AP'PLE-JOHX". See John-Apple. 

AP'PLE-PIE, 77. A pie made of apples stewed or baked, 
inclosed in paste. 

AP PLE-8AUCE, 77. A sauce made of stewed apples. 

AP'PLE-TART, 77. A tart made of apples baked on paste. 

AP'PLE-TREE, n. A tree arranged by Linne under the 
genus pyrus. Tlie fruit of this tree is indefinitely various. 
The crab apple is supposed to be the original kind, from 
which all others have sprung. 

AP PLE-WoM-AX , 7i. A woman who sells apples and 
other fruit. 

AP'PLE- Yard, 71. An orchard ; an inclosure for apples. 

fAP-PLl'A-BLE, a. [Sec Apply.] That may be applied. 
This word is superseded bv applicable. 

t AP-PLI'AXCE, n. The act" of applying, or thing applied. 

^YP-PLI-CA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being applicable, 
or fit to be applied. 

AP'PLI-€A-BLE, a. That may be applied ; fit to be appli- 
ed, as related to a thing ; that may have relation to some- 
thing else. 

AP'PLI-CA-BLE-XESS, n. Fitness to be applied ; the qual- 
ity of being applicable. 

AP'PLI-€A-BLY, adv. In such a manner that it may be ap- 
plied. 

AP'PLI-CAX'^T, 77. One who applies ; one who makes re- 
quest ; a petitioner. 

APPLI-CATE, w. A right line drawn across a curve, so as 
to be bisected by the diameter ; an ordinate. 

t APPLI-CATE, V. I. To applv. Pearson. 

AP PLI-€ATE-OR'DI-xXATE." A right line at right angles 
applied to the axis of any conic section, and bounded by 
the cun-e. Bailey. 

AP-PLI-€a'TIOX, 7i. [L. applicatio.] 1. The act of laying 
on. 2. The thing applied. 3. The act of making request, 
or soliciting. 4. The act of applying as means ; the em- 
ployment of means. 5. The act of fixing the mind ; in- 
ten'seness of thought ; close study ; attention. 6. Tne 
act of directing or referring something to a particular 
case, to discover or illustrate the agreement or disagree- 
ment. — 7. In sermons, that part of the discourse in which 
the principles before laid down and illustrated are appli- 
ed to practical uses. 

AP'PLI-€A-TiYE, a. That applies. Bramhall. 

AP'PLI-€A-TC- RI-LY", adv. In a manner which applies. 

AP'PLI-€A-TO-RY, a. That includes the act of applying 

AP'PLI-CA-TO-RY, 72. That which applies. Taylor. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE - € as K ; 0^ as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



APP 



APP 



Al* TLT'ED, (ap-pllde') pp. Put on ; put to ; directed ; em- 
ployed. 

f AP-PLI'ED-LY, adv. In a manner which may be applied. 

AP-PLl'ER, n. One that applies. 

f AT-PLl'MKNT, n. A^jplication. Marstun. 

AP-PLY'j V. t. [L. applicu.] 1. To lay on ; to put one thing 
to another. 2. To use or employ for a particular purpose, 
or in a particular case. 3. To put, refer or use, as suita- 
ble or relative to something. 4. To fix the mind ; to be- 
take ■, to engage and employ with attention. 5. To ad- 
dress or direct. Pope. 6. To make application ; to have 
recourse by request. 7. To busy ; to keep at vi^ork 5 to 
ply. lObs.] Sidney. 

AP-PLY', v. i. 1. To suit ; to agree ; to have some connec- 
tion, agreement or analogy. 2. To make request ; to so- 
licit ; to have recourse, with a view to gain something. 

AV-PIjV:'1NG, ppr. Laying on ; making application. 

AP-POINT', V. t. [Fr. appointer.] 1. To fix ; to settle ; to 
establish ; to make fast. 2. To constitute, ordain, or fix 
by decree, order or decision. 3, To allot, assign or desig- 
nate. 4. To purpose or resolve ; to fix the intention. 5. 
To ordain, command or order. 6. To settle ; to fix, name 
or determine by agreement. 

AP-POINT' A-BLE, a. That may be appointed or constitut- 
ed. Madison. 

AP-POINT'ED, pp 1 Fixed ; set ; established ; decreed ; 
ordained ; constituted ; allotted 2. Fui-nished ; equipped 
with things necessary 

AP POIJNT-TEE', n. 1. A person appointed. Wkzaton's Re- 
ports. 2. A foot soldier in the French anny, who, for 
long service and bravery, receives mo'-e pay than other 
privates. Bailey. 

AP-POINT'ER, n One who appoints. 

AP-POINT'ING, ppr. Setting ; fixing ; crdammg ; consti- 
tuting ; assigning. 

AP-POINT'MENT, n. 1. The act of appointing ; designation 
to otfice. 2. Stipulation ; assignation ; the act of fixing 
by mutual agreement. 3. Decree ; established order or 
constitution. 4. Direction ; order ; command. 5. Equip- 
:i ent, furniture, as for a ship, or an army ; whatever is 
appointed for use and management. 6. An allowance to a 
person ; a salary or pension, as to a public officer. 7. A 
devise or grant to a charitable use. 

t AP-PoRT'ER, 71. [Fr. apporter.] A bringer in ; one that 
brings into the country 

AP-PoR'TION, V. t. [L. id and portio.] To divide and as- 
sign in just proportion •, to distribute, among two or more, 
a just part or share to each. 

r AP-PoR'TION-ATE-NESS, n. Just proportion. 

AP-PoR'TIONED, pp. Divided ; set out or assigned in suit- 
able parts or shares. 

AP-PoR'TION-ER, n. One that apportions. 

AP-PoR'TION-ING, ppr. Setting out in just proportions or 
shares. 

AP-PoR'TION-lVIENT, n. The act of apportioning ; a di- 
vidijig into just proportions or shares. 

AP-PoS£', V t. [Fr. apposer.] 1. To put questions ; to ex- 
amine. Bacon. 2. To apply. Harvey. 

AP-P6S'ER. n. An examine^ j one whose business is to put 
questions. 

AP'PO-SiTE, a. [L. appositus.'] Suitable ; fit ; very applica- 
ble ; well adapted. 

AP'PO-f?iTE-LY, adv. Suitably ; fitly ; properly. 

APPO-STTE-NESS, ?i. Fitness; propriety; suitableness. 

AP-PO ?i"TION, n. 1. The act of adding to ; addition ; a 
setting to. — 2. In grammar, the placing of two nouns in 
the same case, without a connecting word between them. 

f AP-POS'I-TlVE, a. Applicable. KnatchbuU. 

AP-PRaISE , (ap-praze') v. t. [Fr. apprecier.] To set a 
value ; to estimate the worth, particularly by persons ap- 
pointed for the purpose. See Apprize. 

AP-PRaISE'MENT, ??. The act of setting the value ; a val- 
uation. See Affrizememt. 

AP-PRaIS ER, n. One who values. See Apprizer 

tAP-PRE-€A'TION, n. [L. app^-ecor.] Earnest prayer. 
Hall 

AP PRE-€A-TO-RY, a. Praying or wishing any good. 

AP-PRe'CIA-BLE, (ap-pre'sha-bl) a. 1. That may be ap- 
preciated ; valuable. 2. That may be estimated ; capable 
of being dulv estimated. 

AP-PRe OIATE, (ap-pre'shate) v. t. [Fr. apprecier.] 1. To 
value ; to set a price or value on ; to estimate. 2. To 
raise the value of. Ravisay. 

AP-PRe CI ate, v. i. To rise in value ; to become of more 
vahie. 

AP-PRe'CTA-TED, pp. Valued; prized ; estimated; ad- 
vanced in value. 

AP-PRe'CIA-TING, ppr. Setting a value on ; estimating ; 
rising in value. 

AP-PRE-CI-A'TIOxV, n. 1. A setting a value on ; a just val- 
uation or estimate of merit, weight, or any moral consid- 
eration. 2. A rising in value ; increase of worth or value. 
■Marshal. ^ 

AP-PRE-HEND', v. t. [L. apprehendo.] 1. To take or 



seize ; to take hold of. 2. To take with the understand- 
ing, that is, to conceive in the mind ; to understand, 
without passing a judgment, or makmg an inference. 3. 
To think ; to believe or be of opinion, but without posi- 
tive certainty. 4. To fear : to entertain suspicion or fear 
of future evil. 

AP-PRE-HEND'ED, pp Taken ; seized ; arrested ; con- 
ceived ; understood , feured. 

AP-PRE-HEND'ER, n. One who takes ; one who conceives 
in his mind ; one who fears. 

AP-PRE-HEND'ING, ppr. Seizing ; taking ; conceiving ; 
understanding ; fearing. 

AP-PRE-HEN'Sl-BLE, a. That may be apprehended or 
conceived. 

AP-PRE-HEN'SION, n. 1. The act of taking or arresting. 

2. The mere contemplation of things, without affirming, 
denying, or passing any judgment ; simple intellection. 

3. An inadequate or imperfect idea. 4. Opinion ; con- 
ception. 5. The faculty by which new ideas are conceiv- 
ed. 6. Fear ; suspicion ; the prospect of future evil, ac- 
companied with uneasiness of mind. 

AP-PRE-HEN'SIVE, a. 1. Quick to understand. 2. Fear 
ful ; in expectation of evil. 3. Suspicious; inclined to 
believe. 4. Sensible ; feeling ; perceptive. Milton. 

AP-PRE-HEN'SIVE-LY, adv. In an apprehensive manner 

AP-PRE-HEN'SIVE-NESS, ?). The quality of being appre- 
hensive ; readiness to understand ; fearfulness. 

AP-PREN'TICE, n. [Fr, apprenti.'] 1. One who is bound 
by covenant to serve a mechanic, or other person, for a 
certain time, with a view to learn his art, mystery, or oc- 
cupation, in which his master is bound to instruct him. — 
2. In old law books, a barrister ; a learner of law. 

AP-PREN'TICE, V. t. To bind to, or put under the care of 
a master, for the purpose of instruction in the knowledge 
of a trade or business. 

t AP-PREN'TICE-HOOD, K Apprenticeship. Shak. 

AP-PREN'TICE-SHIP, n. I. The term for which an ap- 
prentice is bound to serve his master. 2. The service, 
state or condition of an apprentice ; a state in which a 
person is gaining instruction under a master. 

fAP-PREN'TIS-AGE, n. Apprenticeship. Bacon. 

AP-PREST', a. In botany, pressed close ; lying near the 
stem j or applying its upper surface to the stem. 

AP-PRlSE', V. t. [Fr. appris.] To inform ; to give notice, 
verbal or written. 

AP-PRiS'ED, (ap-prizd') pp. Informed ; having notice or 
knowledge communicated. 

AP-PRlS'ING, ppr. Informing ; communicating notice to. 

AP-PRiZE', V. t. [ad, ?^nd price, prize ; D. prys ; Ger. vreis ; 
W. pris ,• Fr. priser, to prize.] To value ;' to set a value 
in pursuance of authority 

AP-PRlZ'ED, (ap-prizd') pp. Valued ; having the worth 
fixed by authorized persons. 

AP-PRlZE'31ENT, n. 1. The act of setting a value under 
some authority or appointment ; a valuation. Blackstone. 
2. The rate at which a thing is valued ; the value fixed, 
or valuation 

AP-PRiZ'ER, n. A person appointed to rate, or set a value 
on articles. 

APPRIZING, ppr. Rating ; setting a value under au- 
thoritv. 

AP-PRfZ'ING, 71. The act of valuing under authority. 

AP-PRoACH', V. i. [Fr. approcher.'] 1. To come or go 
near, in place ; to draw near ; to advance nearer. 2. To 
draw near in time. 3. To draw near, in a figurative 
sense ; to advance near to a point aimed at, in science, 
literature, government, morals, &c. ; to approximate. 4. 
To draw near in dutv, as in prayer or worship. 

AP-PRoACH', V. t. 1. "To come near to. 2. To have access 
carnally. Lev. xviii. — 3. In gardening, to ingraft a sprig 
or shoot of one tree into another, without cutting it from 
the parent stock. Evcyc. 

AP-PRoACH', n. 1. The act of drawing near ; a coming or 
advancing near. 2. Access. — 3. In fortifcation, not only 
the advances of an arm«y are called approaches, but the 
works thrown up by the besiegers, to protect them in 
their advances towards a fortress. 

AP-PRoACH'A-BLE, a. That may be approached ; acces- 
sible. _ 

AP-PRoACH'F^R, 7?. One who approaches or draws near. 

AP-PRoACH'MENT, n. The act of coming near. 

AP'PRO-BATE, a. [L. approbatus.] Approved. 

AP'PRO-BATE, V. t. [L. approbo. .Approbate is a modem 
word, but in common use in America. It difl^ers from ap- 
prove, denoting not only the act of the mind, but an ex- 
pression of the act.] To express approbation of; to man- 
ifest a liking, or degree of satisfaction ; to express appro- 
bation officially, as of one's fitness for a public trust 
J. Eliot. 

AP PRO-BA-1'ED, pp. Approved; commended. 

AP PRO-BA-TING, ppr. Expressing approbation of. 

AP-PRO-Ba'TION, n. [1,. approbatio.] I. The act of ap 
proving ; a liking ; that state or disposition of the mind 
in which we assent to the propriety of a thing, with some 



* See Synopsis. A, E, T, o, U, Y, lonff.—FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD •,— f Obsolete. 



APP 47 



degree of pleasure or satisfaction 2. Attestation ; sup- 
port 5 that is, active approbation, or action, in favor of 
what is approved. 3. The commendation of a book li- 
censed or permitted to be published by authority, as was 
formerly the case in England. 

AP PRO-BA-TlVE, a. Approving ; implying approbation. 
M'dncr. 

AP'PRO-BA-TO-RY, a. Containing approbation j express- 
ing approbation. Scott. 

\ AP-PROMPT', for Prompt. Bacon. 

f AP-PROOF',?i. Approval. S/ta/i:. 

f AP-PROP'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. appropero.] To hasten. 

fAP-PRO-PIJN'aUATE, u.t. [L. appropinquo.] To draw 
near. 

t AP-PRO-PIN-aCJA'TION, 71. A drawing nigh. Hall. 

T AP-PRO-PmaUE', V. i. To approach. Hiidibras. 

AP-PR6'PRI-A-BLE, a. That may be appropriated ; that 
may be set apart, or assigned exclusively to a particular 
use. 

AP-PRO'PRI-ATE, t).f. [Yx. approprier.'] 1, To set apart 
for, or assign to a particular use, in exclusion of all other 
uses. 2. To take to one's self in exclusion of others ; to 
claim or use, as by an exclusive riglit. 3. To make pe- 
culiar. 4. To sever an ecclesiastical benefice, and annex 
it to a spiritual corporation, sole or aggregate, being the 
patron of the living. 

AP-PRO'PRI-ATE, a. 3. Belonging peculiarly ; peculiar j 
set apart for a particular use or person. 2. Most suitable, 
fit, or proper. 

t AP-PRO'PRI-ATE, 71. Peculiarity. Bacon. 

AP-PRO'PRJ-A-TED, pp. Assigned to a particular use ; 
claimed or used exclusively ; annexed to an ecclesiastical 
corporation. 

AP-PRO'PRI-ATE-LY, adv. Fitly. 

AP-PRO'PRI-ATE-NESS, 71. Peculiar fitness j the quality 
of being appropriate, or peculiarly suitable. 

AP-PRo'PRI-A-TING, ppr. Assignihg to a particular per- 
son or use ; claiming or using exclusively. 

AP-PRO-PRI-A'TION, 7!. 1. The act of sequestering, or 
assigning to a particular use or person, in exclusion of all 
others •, application to a special use or purpose. — 2. In 
laiD, the severing or sequestering of a benefice to the per- 
petual use of a spiritual corporation, sole or aggregate, 
being the patron of the living. 

AP-PRO'PRI-A-TOR, n. 1. One who appropriates. 2. 
One who is possessed of an appropriated benefice. 

AP-PRO'PRI-E-TA-RY, n. A lay possessor of the profits of 
a benefice. 

AP-PR5V'A-BLE, a. That may be approved ; that merits 
approbation. 

AP-PRoV'AL, 77. Approbation. 

AP-PRoV'ANCE, 77. Approbation Thomson. 

AP-PROVE'. V. t. [Fr. approuver ; L. approto.'] 1. To like ; 
to be pleased with ; to admit the propriety of. 2. To 
prove ; to show to be true ; to justify. 3. To experience ; 
to prove by trial. \J^otused.'] Shak. 4. To make or show 
to be worthy of approbation ; to commend. 5. To like 
and sustain as right ; to commend. 6. To improve. 
Blackstone. 

AP-PROVED, (ap-proovd') pp. Liked ; commended ; 
shown or proved to be worthy of approbation j having the 
approbation and support of. 

AP-PROVE'MENT, n. 1. Approbation ; liking.— 2. In 
law, when a person indicted for felony or treason, and 
arraigned, confesses the fact before plea pleaded, and ap- 
peals or accuses his accomplices of the same crime, to ob- 
tain his pardon, this confession and accusation are called 
approvement, and the person an approver. Blackstone. 3. 
Improvement of common lands, by inclosing and convert- 
ing them to the uses of husbandry. Blackstone. 
AP-PRoV'ER, n. 1. One who approves. Formerly, one 
who proves or makes trial. — 2. In laio, one who confesses 
a crime, and accuses another. 
AP-PRoV'ING, ppr. Liking ; commending ; giving or ex- 
pressing approbation. 
AP-PRoV'ING, a. Yielding approbation. 
I- AP-PROX'I-MANT, a. Approaching. Dcring. 
r AP-PROX'I-MATE, a. [L. ad and prozimus.] Nearest to ; 

next ; near to. [This icord is superseded by proximate.] 
AP-PROX'I-MATE, v. t. To carry or advance near ; to 

cause to approach. Burke. 
AP-PROX'I-MATE, v. i. To come near- ; to approach. 

Burke. 
AP-PROX-I-MA'TION, n. 1. Approach ; a drawing, mov- 
ing, or advancing near. Hale. — 2. In arithmetic and alge- 
bra, a continual approach or coming nearer and nearer to 
a root or other quantity, without being able, perhaps, ever 
to arrive at it. — 3. In medicine, communication of disease 
by contact. 4. A mode of cure, by transplanting a dis- 
ease into an animal or vegetable by immediate contact. 
AP-PROX'I-MA-TlVE, a. Approaching ; that approaches. 

Bd. Kncifc. 
-^P-PULPE', (ap-puls') n. [L. appulsus.'] 1. The act of 
striking against. — 2. In astronomy, the approach of any 



AQU 

planet to a conjunction with the sun, or a star. 3. Ar- 
rival ; landing. 

AP-PUL'SION, 71. The act of striking against by a moving 
body. 

AP-PUL'SIVE, a. Striking against ; driving towards. 

AP-PUR'TE-NANCE, 7i. [sc written for apperte:ience.] 
[Fr. appartenance, ] That which belongs to something 
else ; an adjunct •, an appendage. .Appropriately, such 
buildings, rights, and improvements, as belong to land, 
are called the appurtenances. 

AP-PUR'TE-NANT, a. 1. Belonging to ; pertaining to of 
right. — 2. In law, common appurtenant is that which is 
annexed to land, and can be claimed only by prescription 
or inmiemorial usage, on a legal presumption of a special 
grant. Blackstone. 

A'PRl-OATE, V. i. [L. apricor.'] To bask in the sun. Ray 
[Little used.'] 

A-PRIC'I-TY, n. Sunshine. [Little used.] 

A PRI-€OT, 77. [old orthography, apricock.] [Fr. abricot.] 
A fruit belonging to the genus prunus, of the plum kind, 
of an oval figure, and delicious taste. 

aTRIL, 71. [L. Aprllis ; Fr Avril.] The fourth month of 
the year 

A'PRIL-FOOL, 7i; He who is imposed upon by others, on 
the first day of April, or April-fool-day, 

A-PRT-O'RI reasoning-, i. e. from causes to effects. 

* a'PRON, 71. [Ir. aprun.] 1. A cloth, or piece of leather, 
worn on the forepart of the body, to keep the clothes 
clean, or defend them from injury. 2. The fat skin cov- 
ering the belly of a goose. — 3. In gunnery, a flat piece ot 
lead, that covers the vent of a cannon. 4. In ships, a 
piece of curved timber, just above the foremost end of the 
keel. 5. A platform, or flooring of plank, at the entrance 
of a dock, on which the dock gates are shut. 6. A piece 
of leather to be drawn before a person in a gig. 

* A'PRONED, a. Wearing an apron. Pope. 

* A'PRON-MAN, n. A man who wears an apron ; a labor- 
ing man ; a mechanic. 

AP'RO-POS, (ap'ro-po) adv. [Fr.] I. Opportunely ; season- 
ably. 2. By the way •, to the purpose : a word used to 
introduce an incidental observation, suited to the occa- 
sion, though not strictly belonging to the narration. 

AP'SIS, 71. ; pZit. Apsides. [Gr. aipis.] In astronomy, the 
apsides are the two points of a planet's orbit, which are at 
the greatest and least distance from the sun or earth ; the 
most distant point is the aphelion, or apogee ; the least 
distant, the perihelion, or perigee. The Ime connecting 
these is called the line of the apsides. 

APT, a. [L. aptus.] 1. Fit ; suitable. 2. Having a ten 
dency ; liable. 3. Inclined ; disposed customarily. 4 
Ready ; quick. 5. Qualified ; fit. 

t APT, V. t. To fit ; to suit or adapt. 

t APT'A-BLE, a. That may be adapted. 

I AP'TATE, V. t. To make fit. Bailey. 

AP'TER, I n. [Gr. a and -nTtpov.] An insect without 

AP'TE-RA, \ wings. 

AP'TE-RAL, a. Destitute of wings. 

APT'I-TUDE, n. 1. A natural or acquired disposition for 
a particular purpose, or tendency to a particular action or 
effect. 2. Fitness; suitableness. 3. Aptness ; readiness 
in learning ; docility. 

APT'LY, adv. In an apt or suitable manner ; with just 
correspondence of parts ; fitly ; properly ; justly ; per- 
tinently. 

APT NES-'S, n, 1. Fitness ; suitableness. 2. Disposition 
of the mind ; propensity. 3. Quickness of apprehension ; 
readiness in learning ; docility. 4. Tendency, in things. 

AP'TOTE, 71. [Gr. a and Trrwo-tj.] In grammar, a noun 
which has no variation of termination ; an indeclinable 
noun. 

AP' Y-REX-Y, n. [Gr. a and Ttvptcaut.] The absence or in- 
termission of fever. 

AP'Y-ROUS, a. [Gr. airvpoi.] Incombustible, or that sus- 
tains a strong heat without alteration of form or proper- 
ties. 

a'QUA, 71. [L. aqua ; Sp. agua.] Water ; a word much 
used in pharmacy, and the old cheinistry 

A-QUA FOR'TIS, in the old chemistry, is now called nitric 
acid. 

A-QUA MA-RI'NA. A name which jewelers give to the 
beryl, on account of its color. 

A-QUA MI-RAB'I-LIS, A medical water. 

A-QUA Re'GI-A, in the old chemistry, is now called nitro 
muriatic acid. 

A-QUA VI'TiE. Brandy, or spirit of wine. 

A-QUa'RI-AN, n. One of a sect of Christians, in the primi 
tive church, who consecrated water in the eucliarist, in 
stead of wine. 

A-QUa'RI-US, 77. [L.] The water bearer ,• a sign in the 
zodiac, which the sun enters about the 21st of January. 

A-QUAT'IC, a. [Y,. aquatic as.] Pertaining to water ; ap-' 
plied to animals which live in water, as fislies. Aquatical 
is rarely used. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE j— Bl^LL, UNITE ;— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



ARB 



48 



AlC 



A-CIUAT'I€. 71. A plant which grows in water, as the flag. 

Aa'UA-TILE, a. Thai iuliabits the water. Brown. [Rarely 
iised.] 

Aa-UA-TINT'A, n. [L. aqua, and It. tinta.] A method of 
etcliing on copper, by which a beautiful effect is produced, 
resembling a fine drawing in water colors or Indian 
ink. 

AQ,'UE-DU€T, n. [L. aqua and ductus.] A structure made 
for cc nveying water from one place to another, over un- 
even ground, either above or under the suiface 

t A-Q.Uk'1-TY, 71. VValeriness. Jonsun. 

A'Q,UE-('US, a. Watery; partakingof the nature of v/ater, 

_ or abounding with il. 

a'Q,UE-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being watery ; wa- 
terishness ; vvateriness. 

AQ,'UI-LA, 71. [L.] In ornithology, the eagle. Also, a 
northern crnstellation. 

AGllJl-LiNE, a. [L. aquilinus.] 1. Belonging to the eagle. 
2. Curving 5 hooked ; prominent, like tlie beak of an 
eagle. 

Aa'UI-LON, 71. [L. aquilo.] The north wind. 

Aa-UI-TA'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Aquitania, one of the 
great divisions of Gaul. 

tA-QUoy£', a. [li.aqua.] Watery. Diet. 

t A-aUOS'1-TY, n. Wateriness. Diet. 

A. R. stand for aimo regni^xhe year of the king's reign ; as, 
A. R. G. R. 20, in the 20th year of the reign of King 
George. 

AR'A-BESaUE, )a. 1. In the manner of the Arabians ; 

A-R-A-BESK'Y, \ applied to ornaments consisting of 
imaginary foliage, stalks, plants, &c., in which there are 
no figures of animals. 2. The Arabic language. [JVot in 
use.] 

A-Ra'BI-AN, a. Pertaining to Arabia. 

A-Ra'BI-AN, n. A native of Arabia •, an Arab. 

AR'A-BI€, a. Belonging to Arabia, or the language of its 
inhabitants. 

AR'A-El€, 71. The language of the Arabians. 

A-RAB'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the Arabian manner. 

AR'A-BISM, n. An Arabic idiom or peculiarity of language. 
Stuart. 

AR'A-BIST, n. One well versed in Arabic literature. 

AR'A-BLE, a. [L. are.'] Fit for plowing or tillage 5 hence, 
often applied to land which has been plowe-.l. 

AR'A-PY, 71. Arabia. Milton. 

A-RAtJH'NOID, a. [Gr. apao^i'T? and £(5oj.] In anatomy, 
the arachnoid tunic, or arachnoid, is a semitransparent, 
thin membrane, which is spread over the brain and pia 
mater. 

A-RA€H'NOrD, n. A species of madrepore, found fossil. 

AR-A-eH<^^>SIAN, a. Designating a chain of mountains 
which divide Persia from India. 

AR-AI-GNEB,or AR-RAlGi\', (ar-rane')7?.. [Fr.] In for- 
tification, the branch, return, or gallery of a mine. 

t A-Ra1*E', i5.t. To raise. Shak. 

AR-A-Mk'AiV, a. Pertaining to Aram, a son of Shem, or to 
the Chaldeans. 

AR'A-JMISM, n. An idiom of the Aramean, or Chaldee lan- 
guage •, a Chaldaism. 

A-Ra'NE-OUS, a. [L. aranea.] Resembling a cobweb. 

t A-Ra'TION, 71. [L. aratio.] Plowing. 

* ARA-TO-RY, a. That contributes to tillage. 

AR-AU-Ca'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to the Araucanians. Mo- 
lina. 

aR'BA-LIST, n. [L. arcus and balista.] A cross-bow. 

AR'BA-LItfT-ER, n. A cross-bowman. 

AR BI-TER, 7!. [L.] 1. A person appointed, or chosen by 
parties in controversy, to decide their differences. 2. A 
person who has the power of judging and determining, 
without control. 3. One that commands the destiny, or 
hol(J_s the empire, of a nation or state. 

t AR'B1-TER,7J. t. To judge. Iluloet. 

AR'BI-TRA-BLE, a. Arbitrary ; depending on the will. 
Spelman. 

AR-BIT'RA-MENT, 71. 1. Will ; determination. 2. The 
award of arbitrators. Cowel. 

AR'BI-TRA-RI-LY, atfu. By will only ; despotically ; ab- 
solutely. « 

AR BI-TRA-RI-NESS, n. The quaL^y of being arbitrary ; 
despoticalness ; tyranny. 

tAR-BI-TRA'RI-OUS, a. Arbitrarv ; despotic. 

r AR-BI-TRa'RI-OUS-LY, adv. Arbitrarily. 

AR'BT-TRA-RY, a. [L. arbitrarins.] 1. Depending on will 
or discretion ; not governed by any fixed rules. 2. Des- 
potic ; absolute in power ; having no external control. 

AR'BI-TRATE, v. i. [L. arbitror.] To hear and decide as 
arbitrators. 

ARBITRATE, v. t. To decide ; to determine ; to judge of. 
Milton . 

AR-BI-TRa'TION, 71. 1. The hearing and determination 
of a cause between parties in controversy, by a pei^son or 
persons ohrsen by the parties. 2. A hearing before arbi- 
trators, though they make no award. [This is a common 
use of the word in the United States.] 



AR'BI-TRA-TOR, n. 1. A person chosen by a party, or bv 
the parties who have a controversy, to determine their 
differences. 2. An arbiter, governor, or president. 3 
An arbiter ; one who has the power of deciding or pre 
scribing without control. Addison. 

AR-BI-TRA'TRIX, 71. A female judge. Sherwood 

AR-BIT'RE-MENT, n. Decision ; compromise. 

AR'BI-TRESS, n. A female arbiter. 

ARBOR, 71. 1. A frame of lattice-work, covered with 
vines, branches of trees, or other plants, for shade ; a 
bower. — 2. In botany, a tree, as distinguished from a 
shrub. — 3. In mechanics, the principal part of a machine, 
sustaining the rest. 

AR'BO-RA-RY, a. Belonging to a tree. Diet. 

AR'BO-RA-TOR, 71. One who plants or who prunes trees. 
Evelyn. 

AR-Bo'RE-OUS, a [L. arboreus.] Belonging to a tree ; re- 
sembling a tree ; constituting a tree ; growing on trees. 

AR-BO-RES CENCE, n. [L. arboresco.] The figure of a 
tree ; the resemblance of a tree in minerals, or crystaliza- 
tions, or groups of crystals in that form. 

AR-BO-RES€Ei\'T, a. 1. Resembling a tree ; having the 
figure of a tree ; dendritical. 2. From herbaceous becom- 
ing woody. 

AR-BO-RES CENT STAR-FISPI. A species of asterias, 
called also caput Medusa. 

AR'BO-RET, 77. [It. arboreto.] A small tree or shrub ; a 
place planted or overgrown with trees. 

t AR-BOR'I-€AL, a. Relating to trees. Hoicel. 

AR'BO-RIST, n. One who makes trees his study, or who is 
versed in the knowledge of trees. 

AR-BOR-I-Za'TION, n. The appearance or figure of a tree 
or plant in minerals or fossils. 

AR'BOR-iZE, V. t. To form the appearance of a tree or 
plant in minerals. 

AR'BOR-VINE, n. A species of bind-weed. 

AR'BUS-CLE, 77. [L. arbusculus.] A dwarf tree, in size 
between a shrub and a tree. 

AR-BUS'€ll-EAR, a. Resembling a shrub ; having the fig- 
ure of small trees. 

AR-BUST'IVE, a. Containing copses of trees or shrubs; 
covered v/ith shrubs. Bartram. 

AR-BUST'UM, 71. A copse of shrubs or trees ; an orchard. 

AR'BUTE, 77. [L. arbutus.] The strawberry-tree. 

AR-Bu'TE-AN, a. Pertaining to the strawberry-tree. 

AR€, 71. [L. arcus.] In geometry, any part of the circum- 
ference of a circle, or ciu-ved line, lying fiom one point to 
another ; a segment, or pait of a circle, not more than a 
semicircle. 

AR-€aDE', n. [Fr.] A long or continued arch ; a walk 
arched above. Johnson. 

AR-€a'DI-AN, ) a. Pertaining to Arcadia, a district in Pel 

AR-€a'DI€, \ oponnesus. 

AR-€a'DICS, 77. The title of a book in Pausanias, which 
treats of Arcadia. 

AR-Ca'DY, 71. The country of Arcadia. Milton. 

AR-CaNE', a. [L. arcanus.] Hidden ; secret. [L. u.] 

AR-CaWUM, 71. [L.] A secret ; generally used in the plu- 
ral, arcana, secret things, mysteries. 

AR€-BOU'TANT, n. [Fr.] In building, an arched but- 
tress. 

ARCH, 77. [See Arc] 1. A segment, or part of a circle. 
A concave or hollow structure of stone or brick, supported 
by its own curve. 2. The space between two piers of a 
bridge, when arched ; or any place covered with an arch. 
3. Any curvature, in form of an arch. 4. The vault of 
heaven, or sky. — Triumphal arches are magnificent stmc- 
tures at the entrance of cities, erected to adorn a triumph, 
and perpetuate the memory of the event. 

ARCH, V. t. To cover with an arch ; to form with a curve. 

ARCH, V. i. To make an arch or arches. Pope. 

ARCH, a. [It. arcare.] Cunning ; sly ; shrewd ; waggish ; 
mischievous for sport ; mirthful. 

ARCH, a. [used also in composition.] [Gr ap;^off.] Chief, 
of the first class; principal. Shakspeare uses this word 
as a noun ; " My worthy arch and patrons ;" but the use 
is not authorized. 

AR'€HA-ISM, 77. [Gr. a^^x^aioq.] An ancient or obsolete 
phrase or expression. 

t AR-€Ha'I€, a. Old fashioned ; ancient. 

ARCH-aN'GEL, n. 1. An angel of the highest order ; an 
angel occupying the eighth rank in the celestial hierarchy 
2. The name of several plants, as the dead-nettle, or la 
mium. 

AR€H-AN-6EL'I€, a. Belonging to archangels. 

ARCH-A-POS'TATE, 71. A chief apostate. 

ARCH-A-POS'TLE, 71. The chief apostle. 

ARCH-AR€H'I-TE€T, n. The Supreme Architect. 

ARCH-BeA'CON, 77. The chief beacon, place of prospect, 
or signal. 

ARCH-BISH'OP, n. A chief bishop ; a church dignitary of 
the first class ; a metropolitan bishop, who superintends 
the conduct of the suffragan bishops, in his province, and 
also exercises episcopal authority in his own diocese. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tJ, Y, long.— FKR, FALL, WHAT •,— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— t Obsolete 



ARC 



49 



ARC 



\.RCH-BISH'OP-RT€, n. The jurisdiction, place, or prov- 
ince of an archbishop. 

ARGH-BOTCH'ER, n. The chief botcher, or mender, ircni- 
cally. Corbet. 

ARCH-BUILD ER, ) „ p,. , ^. u„:iriov Ur,^^.^ 

ARCH-BILD'ER, i "" ^^^^^ ''"^^^^^- Harrrmr. 
4.RCH-BUT'LER, n. A cliief butler ; an officer of the Ger- 
man empire, who presented the cup to the emperor, on 
solemn occasions. 

ARCH-CHAM'BER-LAIN, n. A chief chamberlain; an 
officer of the German empire. 

ARCH-CHAN CEL-LOR, n. A chief chancellor ; an officer 
in the German empire. 

ARCH-CHANT'ER, n. The chief chanter, or president of 
*he chanters of a church. 

ARCH-€HEM'ie, a. Of supreme chemical powers. 

ARCH-€ON-SPIIl'A-TOR, n. Principal conspirator. 

ARCH-€OUNT', n. A cliief count ; a title formerly given 
to the earl of Flanders. 

ARCH-€R1T'[€, w. A chief critic. 

ARCH-DAP'1-FER, n. An officer in the German em- 
pire. 

ARCH-DeA'€ON, (arch-de'kn) n. [See Deacon.] In Eng- 
land, an ecclesiastical dignitary, next in rank below a 
bishop, who has jurisdiction either over a part or over the 
whole diocese. 

ARCH-DeA'CON-RY, n. The office, jurisdiction, or resi- 
dence of an archdeacon. 

ARCH-DeA'_€ON-SHIP, n. The office of an archdeacon. 

ARCH-DI-ViNE', n. A principal theologian, 

ARCH-DRu'ID, n. A chief druid, or pontiff of the ancient 
AmiAs. Henry. 

ARCH-DU'€AL, a. Pertaining to an archduke. 

ARCH-DUCH'ESS, n. A title given to the females of the 
house of Austria. 

ARCH-DUCH'Y, n. The territory of an archduke or arch- 
duchess. Ash. 

ARCH-DuKE', n. A title given to princes of the house of 
Austria. 

ARCH-DuKE'DOM, 71. The territory or jurisdiction of an 
archduke or archduchess. 

ARCH'ED, pp. Made with an arch or curve ; covered with 
an arch. 

ARCH-EN'E-MY, 71. A principal enemy. Milton. 

AR-€HE-0-L0G'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to a treatise on an- 
tiquity, or to the knowledge of ancient things. 

AR-€HE-0L'0-GY, n. [Gr. a^X'^'-°^ ^^^ Xoyo?.] A dis- 
course on anti>iuity ; learning or knowledge which re- 
spects ancient times. Panopiist. 

ARCH'ER, n. [Sp. archero ; It. arcidro ; Fr. archer.] A 
bowman ; one who uses a bow in battle ; one who is 
skilled in the use of the bow and arrow. 

ARCH'E-RB^S, n. A female archer. Markham. 

ARCH'E-RY, n. The use of the bow and arrow ; the prac- 
tice, art, or skill of archers ; the act of shooting with a 
bow and arrow. 

ARCH'ES-€oURT, in England, so called from the church 
of St. Mary le bow, (de arcubus,) whose top is raised of 
stone pillars built archwise, where it was anciently held, 
is a court of appeal, in the ecclesiastical polity, belonging 
to the archbishop of Canterbury. 

AR'€HE-Ty-PAL, a. Original ; constituting a model or 
pattern. 

AR'CHE-TyPE, n. [Gr. apx^rvnov.] 1. The original pat- 
tern or model of a work ; or the model from which a 
thing is made. — 2. Among minters, the standard weight, 
by which others are adjusted. — 3. Among Platonidts, the 
archetypal world is the world as it existed in the idea of 
God before the creation. 

AR-€He'US, 71. [Gr. ap;^?/, beginning, or ap^oi, a chief; 
W. erchi.] A term used by the ancient chemists, to de- 
note the internal efficient cause of all things. 

ARCH-FEL'ON, 71. A chief felon. Milton. 

ARCH-FIeND', (arch-feend') n. A chief fiend or foe. 

ARCH-FLAM EN, n. A chief flamen or priest. 

ARCH-FLAT TER-ER, n. A chief ilatterer. 

ARCH-FoE', n. A grand or chief enemy. 

ARCH-FOUND'ER, 71. A chief founder. Milton. 

ARCH-GoV'ERN-OR, 71. The chief governor. 

ARCH-HER'E-SY, n. The greatest heresy. Butler. 

ARCH-HER'E-TI€, 71. A chief heretic. Shak. 

ARCH-Hi'E-REY, 71. [Gr. ap;^oj and tspoj.] A chief priest 

in Russia. Tooke. 
ARCH-HYP'0-€RITE, 71. A great or chief hypocrite. 
AR€H'I-A-TER, n. [Gr. apxos and larpos.] Chief physi- 
cian ; a word used in Russia. Tooke. 
AR€H'I-€AL, a. Chief: primary. Hallywell. 
AR-€HI-DI-A€'0-NAL,' a. [See Deacon.] Pertaining to 

an archdeacon. 
AR-CHI-E-PIS'€0-PAL, a. Belonging to an archbishop. 
ARCH'lL, n. A lichen which grows on rocks. 
AR-€HI-Lo'€HI-AN, a. Pertaining to Archilochus, the 
poet, who invented a verse of seven feet. 



AR€H'I-MA-Grs, re. The high priest of the Persian ma<ri, 
or worshippers of fire. ° 

AR-€HI-MAND'RITE, re. In church history, a chief of the 
mandi-ites or monks, answering to abbot in Europe. 

ARCHING, ppr. Forming an arch ; covering with an arch 

ARCH ir,'G, a. Cui'ving like an arch. 

ARt H-I-PEL'A-GO, re. [Authors are not agreed as to the 
origin of this word. Some suppose it to be composed of 
apxos, cliief, and ireXayos, sea; others, of Aiyaios and 
neXayos, the Egean sea.] In a general sense, a sea inter- 
spersed with many isles ; but particularly, the sea v/hich 
separates Europe from Asia, otherwise called the Egean 
sea. 

AR'€HI-TEeT, n. [Gr. apx,oi and reKTwv.] 1. A person 
skilled in the art of building ; one who understands ar- 
chitecture, or makes it his occupation to form plans and 
designs of buildings, and superintend the artificers em 
ployed. 2. A contriver ; a former or maker. 

AR-eni-TECT'IVE, a. Used in building; proper foi 
building. 

AR-€HI-TE€T-ON'ie, a. That has power or skill to build 

t AR-€HI-TE€T-ON'I-€AL, a. Having skill in architect 
are. 

AR-€HI-TE€T-ON'I€S, n. The science of architecture 

AR-€HI-TE€T'RESS, n. A female architect. 

AR-€HI-TE€T'U-RAL, a. Pertaining to the art of build- 
ing ; that is according to the rules of architecture. 

AR'€HI-TE€T-URE, n. [L. architectura.] 1. The art of 
building ; but in a more limited and appropriate sense, the 
art of constructing houses, bridges, and other buildings, 
for the purposes of civil life. 2. Frame or structure. — 
Military architecture is the art of fortification. — JYaval 
architecture is the art of building ships. 

AR'€HI-TRAVE, n. [Gr. apxos, and It. trave.] In archi- 
tecture, the lower division o'f an entablatmre, or that part 
which rests immediately on the column. In chimneys, 
the architrave is called the mantle-piece ; and over doors 
and windows, the hyperthyrion. 

AR'CIII-VAL, a. Pertaining to archives or records ; con- 
tained in records. Tooke. 

AR'€HI- VAULT, n. In building, the inner contour of an 
arch, or a band adorned with moldings, running over 
the faces of the arch-stones, and bearing upon the im- 
posts. 

AR'€HlVES, n.plu. [Gr. apx^i-ov; Low L. archivum; Fr. 
archives.] The apartment in which records are kept ; al- 
so, the records and papers which are preserved, as evl- 

AR'€HI-VIST, 71. [Fr. and It.] The keeper of archives or 

records. 
ARCH'LIKE, a. Built like an arch. Young. 
ARCH'LUTE, or ARCH'I-LUTE, n. [It. arcileuto.] A 

large lute, a theorbo, the base strings of which are 

doubled with an octave, and the higher strings with a 

unison. 
ARCH'LY, adv. Shrewdly ; wittily ; jestingly. 
ARCH-MAGI"CIAN, n. The chief magician. 
ARCH-MAR'S.HAL, n. The grand marshal of the German 

empire. 
ARCH-MOCK', n. Principal mockery or jest. Shak. 
ARCH'NESS, n. Cunning ; shrewdness ; waggishness. 
AR'€HON, n. [Gr. ft/t^-wv.] The archons in Greece were 

chief magistrates, chosen to superintend civil ard reli- 
gious concerns. Thev were nine in number. Encyc. 
AR'€HON-SHlP, n. The office of an archon ; or the term 

of his office. Mitford. 
AR-€HON'TI€S, n. In church history, a branch of the 

Valentinians, who held that the world was not created 

by God, but by angels, archontes. 
ARCH-PAS'TOR, n. Chief pastor, the Shepherd and Bishop 

of our souls. Barrow. 
ARCH-PHI-LOS'0-PHER, n. A chief philosopher. 
ARCH-PIL'LAR, n. The main pillar. Harmar. 
ARCH-Po'ET, 71. The principal poet. 
ARCH-POL-I-Tl"CIAN, n. An eminent or distinguished 

politician. Bacon. 
ARCH-PONTIFF, n. A supreme pontiflfor priest. Burke. 
* ARCH-PRe'LATF-, 71. [SeePnELATE.] The chief prelate. 
ARCH-PRES'BY-TER, 7(. A chief presbyter or priest. 
ARCH-PRES'BY-TER-Y, n. The absolute dominion ol 

presbytery, or the chief presbytery. 
ARCH-PR IeST', 71. A chief priest. Encyc 
ARCH-PRi'MATE, 7i. The chief primate ; an archbishop. 
ARCH-PROPH'ET, n. Chief prophet. Warto7i. 
ARCH-PROT'ES-TANT, n. A principal or distinguished 

protestant. 
ARCH-PUB'LI-€AN, n. The distinguished publican. 
ARCH-REB'EL, w. The chief rebel. Milton. 
ARCH-TRaI'TOR, n. A principal traitor. 
ARCH-TREAS'UR-ER, (arch-trszh'-ur-er) n. The great 

treasurer of the German empire. 
ARCH-TREAS'UR-ER-SHIP, n. The office of archtreasur- 

er. Collins^ Peerage. 



* See Synopsis. 



MOVE, B9QK, DOVE ; 

4 



-BULL, UNITE— € as K • ft as J $ as Z CH as SH • TH as in tfiis. f ObsoUU 



ARE 



50 



AUG 



ARCH-T"?'RANT, n. A principal or great tyrant. Hall. 

ARCH-VIL'LAIN, n. A chief or great villain. 

ARCH-VIL'LA-NY, ?i. Great villany. 

t ARCH-VVntFE', n. A wife in the higher rank of society. 
Chaucer. 

ARCH' WISE, adv. In the form of an arch. 

t ARCH'Y, a. In the form of an arch. Partheneia Sacra. 

t AR-CIT'£-NENT, a. [L. arcitenens.] Bow-bearing. Diet. 

AR€-Ta'TION, or AR€'TI-TUDE, n. [L. arctus.] Preter- 
natural straightness ; constipation from inflammation. 
Coxe. 

AR€'TI€, a. [Gr. apKrog.] Northern ; pertaining to the 
northern constellation called the Bear ; as, the arctic pole. 
— The arctic circle is a lesser circle, parallel to the equa- 
tor, as'* 28' from the north pole. This and the antarctic 
circle are called the polar circles, and v /itliin these lie the 
frigid zones. 

A.R€-TU'RUS, n. [Gr. apKrog and ovpa.] A fixed star of 
the first magnitude, in the constellation of Bootes. 

AR'€U-ATE, a. [L. arcuatus.] Bent or. curved in the form 
of a bow. 

t AR'€U-A-TILE, a. Bent. Diet. 

AR-€U-A'TION, 71. 1. The act of bending ; incurvation ; 
the state of being bent ; curvity ; ci ookedness 5 gi-eat 
convexity of the thorax, 2. A method of raising trees by 
layers ; that is, by bending branches ti > the ground, and 
covet. ng the small shoots with earth. 

AR'€U-BA-LIST, n. [L. arcus and balista.] A cross- 
bow. 

AR-€CT-BA-LIS'TER, n. A cross-bowman 5 one who used 
the arbalist. 

ARD, Jhe termination of many English words, is the Ger. 
art, species, kind ; Sw. and Dan. art, mode, nature, 
genius, form. We observe it in Ooddard, a divine tem- 
per ; Giffard, a disposition to gine, liberality ; Bernard, 
filial affection ; standard, drunkard, dotard, <fec. 

AR'DEN-CY, n. [L. ardens.] Warmth of passion or affec- 
tion ; ardor ; eagerness. 

AR'DENT, a. 1. Hot ; burning ; that causes a sensation 
of burning. 2. Having the appearance or quality of fire ; 
fierce. 3. Warm, applied to the passions and affections ; 
passionate ; affectionate ; much engaged ; zealous. 

AR'DENT- LY, adv. With warmth : affectionately ; pas- 
sionately. 

AR DENT-NESS, n. Ardency. 

AR'DERS, n. Fallowings or plowings of grounds. Grose. 

AR'DOR, n. [L.] 1, Heat, in a literal sense. 2. Warmth, 
or heat, applied to the passions and affections ; eager- 
ness. 

t AR-DU'I-TY, n. Height, difficulty. Diet. 

AR'DU-OUS, a. [L. arduus.] 1. High, lofty, in a literal 
sense 2. Difficult ; attended with great labor, like the 
ascending of acclivities ; as, an arduous employment, 
task, or enterprise. 

AR'DU-OUS-LY, adv. In an arduous manner ; with labo- 
riousness. 

AR'DU-OUS-NESS, w. Height; difficulty of execution. 

ARE. (3r) The plural of the substantive verb to be. 

ARE, n [L. area.] In French measure, the new square 
perch, containing a hundred square metres. 

A-RE, (Jr AL-A-MIRE'. The lowest note, except one, in 
Guido's scale of music. 

A RE-A, n. [L.] 1. Any plain surface, as the floor of a 
room, of a church or other building, or of the ground. 2. 
The space or site on which a building stands ; or of any 
inclosure. — 3. In o-eo77iefr!/, the superficial contents of any 
figure ^ the surface included within any given lines ; as, 
the area of a square or a triangle. — 4. Among physicians, 
baldness •, an empty space 5 a bald space produced by 
alopecy ; also a name of the disease. — 5. In mining, a 
compass of ore allotted to diggers. 

t A-ReAD', or t A-REED', v. t. [Sax. aredan.] To coun- 
sel ; to advise. Spenser. 

A'RE-AL, a. Pertaining to an area. Barton. 

A-REEK , adv. Ir, a reeking condition. Swift. 

AR-E-FA€'TION n. 'lu.arefacio.] The act of drying ; the 
state of growing dry' Bacon. 

AR'E-FY, v. t. To dry or make dry Bacon. 

A-RE'NA, n. [L. sand.] 1. An open space of ground, 
strewed with sand, on which the gladiators, in ancient 
Rome, exhibited shows of fighting for the amusement of 
spectators. Hence, a place for public exhibjlion.— 2. 
Among physicians, sand or gravel in the kidneys. 

AR-E-Na'CEOUS, a. I. Sandy j having the properties of 
sand. _2. Brittle. 

AR-E-Na'TION, n. Among physicians, a sand bath ; a 
sprinkling f'l hot sand upon a diseased person. 

A-REN'DA-LITE, n. In mineralogy, another name of epi- 
dote, or pistacite. 

AR-EN-Da tor, n. [Russ. arenda.] In Livonia, and other 
provinces of Russia, a farmer of the farms or rents. 

A-REN-I-LIT'I€, a. [L. arena, and Gr. Xidog.] Pertaining 
to sand-stone ; consisting of sand-stone. 



ARiE-NOui' H' Sa^'^yj full of sand. Johnson. 

t A-REN'U-LOUS, a. Full of small sand. 

AR'E-OLE, or AR-E-o'LA, n. [L.] The colored circla 
round the nipple, or round a pustule. 

AR-E-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. apaiog and nerpeo).] An instru- 
ment for measuring the specific gravity of liquids. 

AR-E-0-MET'RI-€AL, a. Pertaining to an areometer. 

AR-E-OM'E-TRY, n. The measuring or act of measuring 
the specific gravity of fluids. 

AR-E-OP-A-61T'I€, a. Pertaining to the Areopagus. Mit- 
ford. 

AR-E-0P'A-6ITE, (ar-e-op'-a-jite, Walker.) n. A mem- 
ber of the Areopagus. 

AR-E-OP'A-GUS, n. [Gr. AprjS and nayog.'] A sovereign 
tribunal at Athens, famous for the justice and impartiality 
of its decisions. 

AR-E-OT'I€, a [Gr. apaiog.] Attenuating ; making thin, 
as in liquids ; rarefying. 

yVR-E-OT'I€, 71. A medicine which attenuates the humors, 
dissolves viscidity, opens the pores, and increases perspi- 
ration ; an attenuant. Coze. 

AR-E-TOL'0-GY, n. [Gr. aperr] and \oyos.] That part of 
moral philosophy which treats of virtue. [Little used.] 

AR'GAL, n. Unrefined or crude tartar, a substance adher- 
ing to the sides of wine casks. 

AR-Ge'AN, a. Pertaining to Argo or the Ark. 

AR'GENT, 71. [L. argentum.] I. The white color in coats 
of arms, intended to represent silver, or purity, inno- 
cence, beauty, or gentleness. — 2. a. Silvery ; of a pale 
white, like silver. Johnson. 3. a. Bright. Pope. 

AR-<jENT'AL, a. Pertaining to silver ; consisting of sil- 
ver ; containing silver. Cleaveland. 

AR'GEN-TATE, 71. A combination of the argentic acid 
with another substance. 

AR-GEN-Ta'TION, n. An overlaying with silver. 

AR'GENT-HORNED, a. Silver-horned. 

AR-GENT'I€, a. Pertaining to silver. 

AR-GEN-TIF ER-OUS, a. [L. argentum.] Producing sil- 
ver. Kir wan. 

AR-GEN-Ti'NA, ) n. In ichthyology, a genus of fishes of 

AR'GEN-TINE, \ the order of abdominals.— j3ro-fi7i«ma is 
also a name of the wild tansy, silver-weed. Coxe. 

AR'GEN-TlNE, a. Like silver ; pertaining to silver, or 
sounding like it. Johnson. 

AR'GEN-TiNE, n. In mineralogy, a sub-species of carbon- 
ate of lime, nearly pure. 

t AR'6ENT-RY, 71. Materials of s'>lver. Howel. 

AE'GIL, n. A species of the ardea, or genus of cranes. 

AR'GIL, n. [L. argilla.] In a general serise, clay, or pot- 
ter's earth ; but in a technical sense, pure clay, or alu- 
mine. 

AR-gIL-La'CEOUS, a. [L. argillaceus.] Partaking of the 
nature of clay ; clayey ; consisting of argil. 

AR-GIL-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. argilla and fero.] Producing 
clay. 

AR'GIL-LITE, 71. Argillaceous shist or slate ; clay-slate 
ICirwan. 

AR-GIL-LIT'I€, a. Pertaining to argillite. 

AR-GIL-LO-eAL'ClTE, n. [L. argilla and calx.] A spe- 
cies of calcarious earth, with a large proportion of clay. 

AR-GIL-LO-MU'RITE, n. [L. argilla.] A species of earth, 
consisting of magnesia, mixed with silex, alumine, and 
lime ; a variety of magnesite. 

AR-GIL'LOUS, a. Consisting of clay ; clayey ; partaking 
of clay ; belonging to clay Brown. 

AR'GIVE, a. Designating what belongs to Argos, the 
capital of Argolis in Greece, whose inhabitants were 
called Argivi. 

AR'GO, 71. The name of the ship which carried Jason and 
his fifty-four companions to Colchis. 

AR'GO-Na'VIS, the ship Jirgo, is a constellation in the 
southern hemisphere. 

AR-Go'AN, a. Pertaining to the ship Argo. Faber. 

AE-GOL'I€, a. Belonging to Argolis. 

AR-G0L'I€S, 7i. The title of a chapter in Pausanias, which 
treats of Argolis. 

AR'GO-NAUT, n. [Gr. Apyw and vavrr)^.] One of the per- 
sons who sailed to Colchis with Jason, in the Argo, in 
quest of the golden fleece. 

AR-GO-NAUT'A, n. A genus of shell-fish, of the order of 
vermes testacea. 

AR-GO-NATJT'I€, a. Pertaining to the Argonauts. 

AR-GO-NAUT'I€S, n. A poem on the subject of the expe- 
dition of the Argonauts. 

ARGO-SY, 71. [Sp. Argos, Jason's ship.] A large mer- 
chantman; a carrac. Shak.' 

AR'GUE, V. i. [L. arguo.] 1. To reason ; to invent and 
offer reasons to support or overthrow a proposition, opin- 
ion or measure. 2. To dispute ; to reason with ; follow- 
ed by with. 

AR'GUE, V. t. 1. To debate or discuss ; to treat by reason- 
ing. 2. To prove or evince ; to manifest by inference or 



* See Synopsis, a, K, T, O, V, ■? lo'.g.—FAR, FALL, WH^IlT ,— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



ARI 

deduction, or to show reasons for. 3. To persuade by 
reasons. 4. Formerly, to accuse, or charge with ; a Latin 
sense, now obsolete. Dryden. 
APJGUED,pp. Debated; discussed; evinced; accused. 
AR'GU-EB,, 71. One who argues ; a reasoner ; a disputer ; 

a controvertist. 
'AR'GU-ING, ppr. Inventing and offering reasons; disput- 
ing ; discussing ; evincing ; accusing. 

AR'UU-ING, n. Reasoning ; argumentation. 

AE'GQ-MENT, n. [L. argumentum.] 1. A reason offered 
for or against a proposition, opinion, or measure ; a reason 
offered in proof, to induce belief, or convince the mind. 
-2. In logic, an inference drawn from premises, wliich 
are indisputable, or at least of probable truth. 3. The 
subject of a discourse or writing. Milton. 4, An abstract 
or summary of a book, or the heads of the subjects. 5. A 
debate or discussion ; a series of reasoning. — 6. In astron- 
omy, an arch by which we seek another unknown arch, 
proportional to the first. 

t aR'GU-jMENT, v. i. To reason ; to discourse. Oower. 

AR-GLT-MENT'A-BLE, a. That may be argued. Dr. Chal- 
mers. 

AR-GU-MENT'AL, a. Belonging to argument ; consisting 
in argument. Pope. 

AR-GU-MENT-A'TION, n. Reasoning ; the act of reason- 
ing ; the act of inventing or forming reasons, making in- 
ductions, drawing conclusions, and applying them to the 
case in discussion. 

AR-GU-MENT'A-TlVE, a. 1. Consisting of argument ; 
containing a process of reasoning. 2. Showing reasons 
for. 

AR-GU-MENT'A-TiVE-LY, adv. In an argumentative 
manner. Taylor. 

tAR'GLT-MENT-lZE, ^.i. To debate. 

t AR'GU-ME.NT-I-ZER, n. One who debates or reasons. 
Brady. 

AR'GUS, n. A fabulous being of antiquity, said to have had 
a hundred eyes, placed by Juno to guard lo. 

AR'GUS-SHELL, n. A species of porcelain-shell, beautiful- 
ly variegated with spots. 

t AR-GCJ-Ta'TION, H. [L. argutatio.] Debate ; cavil; dis- 
putation. 

AR-GuTE', a. [1,. argutv^.] Sharp; shrill; witty. [Little 
used.] 

AR-GuTE'NESS, n. Acuteness ; wittiness. [Little used.] 
Dryden. 

a'R[-A, n. [It.] An air, song, or tune. 

A'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to Arius, or his doctrines. 

A'Rl-AN, 71. One who adheres to the doctrines of Arius. 

a'RI-AN-ISM, n. The doctrines of the Arians. 

A'RI-AN-IZE, V. i. To admit the tenets of the Arians. 

AR'ID, a. [L,. aridiis.] Dry; exhausted of moisture ; parch- 
ed with heat. 

AR'I-DAS, n. A kind of taffety, from the East Indies. 

A-RID I-TY, } n. 1. Dryness ; a state of behig without 

AR ID-NESS, ] moisture. 2. A dry state of the body ; 
emaciation. 

A'RI-ES, n. [L.] The Ram, a constellation of fixed stars ; 
the first of the twelve signs in the zodiac. 

*t AR'I-E-TATE, v. i. [L. arieto.] To butt, as a ram. 

AR-I-E-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of butting, as a ram. The 
act of battering with the aries or battering ram. 2. The 
act of striking or conflicting. [Rarely used.] 

AR-I-ET'TA, n. [It.] A short song ; an air, or little 
air. 

A RIGHT', adv. [Sax. gericht.] Rightly ; in aright form ; 
without mistake or crime. 

AR'IL, or A-RIL'LUS, n. The exterior coat or covering 
of a seed, fixed to it at the base only. 

AR'IL-LA-TED, ) a. Having an exterior covering, or aril, 

AR'TLLED, ) as coffee. Encyc. Eaton. 

AR'I-MAN, AR'I-MA, or AH'RI-MAN, n. [Per. ahriman.] 
The evil genius or demon of the Persians. 

AR-I-O-La'TION, or HAR-I-O-La'TION, n. [L. ariolus, 
or hariolus.] A soothsaying ; a foretelling. Brown. 

AR-I-o'SO, a. [It.] Light ; airy. But, according to Rous- 
seau, applied to music, it denotes a kind of melody bor- 
dering on the majestic style of a capital air. 

A-RlSE', V. i. pret. arose ; pp. arisen .- (a-rize', a-roze', 
a-rizn') [Sax. arisan.] 1. To ascend, mount up, or move 
to a higher place. 2. To emerge from below the horizon. 
3. To get out of bed ; to leave the place or state of rest ; 
or to leave a sitting or lying posture. 4. To begin ; to 
spring up ; to originate. 5. To revive from death ; to 
leave the grave, 6. To begin to act ; to exert power ; to 
move from a state of inaction. 7. To appear, or become 
known ; to become visible, sensible or operative. 8. To 
be put in motion ; to swell or be agitated. 9. To invade, 
assault or begin hostility ; followed by against. 

A-RlS'ING, ppr. Ascending ; moving upward ; originating 
or proceeding ; getting up ; springing up ; appearing. 

A-R!ST'A, n. [L.] In botany, awn, the long, pointed beard, 
which issues from the hiisk, or scaly flower-cup of the 
called the glume. Milne. 



51 ARM 



AR-IS-TaR'€HY, n. [Gr. apiaros and apyrj.] A body of 
good men in power, or government by excellent men 
Marington 

AR-lS-TO€'Rx\-CY, n. [Gr. apicros and Kpareu).] A form 
of government, in which the whole supreme power ig 
vested in the principal persons of a state. 2. A few 
men distinguished by their rank and opulence. 

AR'-IS-T0-CRAT,^^. One who favors an aristocracy in prin- 
ciple or practice. Burke. 

A-RlS-TO-€RAT'I€, ) a. 1. Pertaining to aristocracy. 

A-R[S-TO-€RAT'I-€AL,J 2. Partaking of aristocracy. 

A-RIS-TO-eRAT'I-CAL-LY, adv. In an aristocratical man- 
ner. 

A-RIS-TO-eRAT'I-€AL-NESS, n. The quality of being 
aristocratical. 

AR-IS-TOG'RA-TY, n. The same as aristocracy. Burtcn 

AR-IS-TO-Te'LI-AN, a. Pertaining to Aristotle. 

AR-IS-TO-Te'LI-AN, n. A follower of Aristotle, who 
founded the_sect of Peripatetics. 

AR-IS-TO-Te'LI-AN-ISM, n. The philosophy or doctrines 
of Aristotle. 

AR-IS-T0-TEL'I€, a. Pertaining to Aristotle or to his phi- 
losophy. 

*AR'ITH-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. apiBnos and ixavreia.] Divina- 
tion or the foretelling of future events by the use or obser- 
vation of numbers. 

A-RITH'ME-TI€,7f. [Gr. apid^rjTiKr}.] The science of num- 
bers, or the art of computation. 

AR-ITH-MET'I€, ; a. Pertaining to arithmetic ; ac- 

AR-1TH-MET'I-€AL, \ cording to the rules or method of 
arithmetic. 

AR-ITH-MET'I-€AL-LY, adv. According to the rules, 
principles or method of arithmetic. 

A-RITH-ME-Ti"CIAN, n. One skilled in arithmetic, or 
versed in the science of numbers. 

ARK, n. [Fr. arche ; L. area.] 1. A small, close vessel, 
chest or coffer, such as that which was the repository of 
the tables of the covenant among the Jews. The vessel 
in which Moses was set afloat upon the Nile was an ark 
of bulrushes. 2. The large, floating vessel, in which 
Noah and his family were preserved during the deluge. 
3. A depository. 4. A large boat used on American riv- 
ers,_to transport produce to market. 

ARK ITE, n. A term used by Bryant to denote one of the 
persons who were preserved in "the ark ; or who, accord- 
ing to pagan fables, belonged to the ark. 

ARK'lTE, a. Belonging to the ark. Bryant. 

ARK'TI-ZlTE, or AR€'TI-ZlTE, n. Amineral, now called 
Wernerite. 

ARM, 72. [Sax. arm, earm ; D. G. Sw. Dan. arm; L. ar- 
7nv^.] 1. The limb of the human body, which extends from 
the shoulder to the hand. 2. The branch of a tree, or the 
slender part of a machine, projecting from a trunk or axis. 
3. A narrow inlet of water from the sea. 4. Figurative- 
ly, power, might, strength ; as the secular arm. 

ARM, V. t. [L. armo ; Fr. armer ; Sp. armar ; It. armare.] 
1. To furnish or equip with weapons of offense or de- 
fense. 2. To cover with a plate, or with whatever will 
add strength, force, or security. 3. To furnish with 
means of defense ; to prepare for resistance ; to fortify. 

ARM, V. i. To provide with arms, weapons, or means of at- 
tacker resistance ; to take arms. 

AR-Ma'DA, n. [Sp.] A fleet of armed ships ; a squadron 
The term is usually applied to the Spanish fleet, called 
the Invincible .Armada, consisting of 130 ships, intended 
to act against England in the reign of Elizabeth. 

AR-MA-DIL'LO, n. [Sp.] A quadruped peculiar to Ameri- 
ca, called also tatoo, and in zoology, the dasypus. 

AR'MA-MENT, n. [L. armamenta.] A body of forces equip 
ped for war ; used of a land or naval force. • 

AR-MA-MENT'A-RY, n. An armory ; a magazine or 
arsenal. [Rarely used.] 

AR'MA-TURE, 7!. [L. armatura.] 1. Armor; Uiat which de 
fends the body. — 2. In ancient military art, an exercise per 
formed with missive weapons, as d?>rts, spears and arrows 

AR'MAN, n. A confection for restoring appetite in horses 
Diet. 

ARMED, ;?p. 1. Furnished with weapons of offense or de- 
fense ; furnished with the means of security ; fortified, in 
a moral sense. — 2. In heraldry, armed is when the beaks, 
talons, horns, or teeth of beasts and birds of prey are of a 
different color from the rest of the body. 3. Capped and 
cased, as the load stone ; that is, set in" iron. 

ARMEJp-CIIAIR, n. An elbow-chair 

AR-Me'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Armenia. 

AR-Me'NI-AN, n. A native of Armenia, or the language of 
the country. 

Arvieman bole is a species of clay from Armenia, and found 
in other countries. 

Armenian stone, a soft blue stone, consisting of calcarious 
earth or gvpsum, with the oxyd of copper. 

t AR-MENT'AL, ) a. [L. armentalis.] Belonging to a drove 

t AR-MENT'INE, or herd of cattle. Diet. 



See Synov^ MOVE, BQQK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



ARO 



52 



ARR 



t AR-MEN-TOSE', a. Abounding with cattle. Diet. 

ARME-PU-ISSANT, a. Powerful in arms. JVeever. 

ARM'FUL, 71 As much as the arms can hold. 

t aRM'GaUNT, c. Slender, as the arm. Shak. 

ARM'HoLE, n 1. The cavity under the shoulder, or the 
armpit. 2. A hole for the arm in a garment. 

AR-M16 ER-OL' S, a. [L.armiger.] Liter ally, hearing arms. 
But in present usage, armiger is a title of dignity next in 
degree to a knight. Armiger is still retained with us as a 
title of respect, being the Latin word equivalent to esquire, 
which see. 

&R'MIL-LA-RY, a. [1,. armilla.] Resemblmg a bracelet, 
or ring : consisting of rings or circles. 

r AR'MIL-LA-TED, a. Having bracelets. 

ARM'ING,ppr. Equipping with arms ; providing with the 
means of defense or attack. 

XRM'INGS, n. The same as waist-clothes, hung about a 
ship's upper works. Chambers. 

AR-MIN'IAN, a. Pertaining to Arminius, or designating his 
principles. 

AR-MIN'IAN, n. One of a sect or party of Christians, so 
called from Arminius, or Harmansen. 

AR-MIN'IAN-ISM, n. The peculiar doctrines or tenets of 
the Arminians. 

AR-MIP'0-TENCE, n. [L. arma and potentia.] Power In 
arms. Johnson. 

AR-MIP'O-TENT, a. Powerful in anns. 

AR-MIS'0-NOUS, a. Sounding or rustling in arms. 

AR'MlS-TlCE, n. [L. arma and sisto ; Fr. armistice.] A 
cessation of arms, for a short time, by convention ; a 
tnice ; a temporary suspension of hostilities by agreement 
of the parties. 

ARM'LESS, a. Without an arm ; destitute of weapons. 
Beaumont. 

ARM'LET, n. A little arm ; a piece of armor for the arm ; 
a bracelet. Drijden. 

AR-MO'NI-A€, n. A sort of volatile salt. See Ammoniac. 

&R'MOR, n. 1. Defensive arms ; any habit worn to protect 
the body in battle ; formerly called harness. Coat-armor 
is the escutcheon of a person or family. 

XR'MOR-BEaR-ER, n. One who carries the armor of 
another. 

AR'MOR-ER, n. A maker of armor or arms ; a manufactur- 
er ofjnstruments of war. 

AR-Mo'RI-AL, a. Belonging to armor, or to the arms or 
escutcheon of a family. 

AR-MOR'I€, or AR-MOR'I-€AN, a. Designating the north- 
western part of France, formerly called Armorica. 

AR-MOR'I€, n. The language of the Armoricans ; one of 
the Celtic dialects. 

AR-MOR'I-€AN, n. A native of Armorica. 

AR MOR-TST, n. One skilled in heraldry. 

AR'MO-RY, 71. 1. A place where arms and instruments of 
war are deposited. 2. Armor ; defensive arms. 3, En- 
signs armorial. 4. The knowledge of coat-armor ; skill in 
heraldry. 

S.RM'PIT, 71. The hollow place under the shoulder. 

ARMS, n. plu. [L, arma ; Fr. aryne ; Sp. It. arma.] 
1. Weapons of otiense, or aiTnor for defense and protection 
of the body. 2. War ; hostility, 3. The ensigns armorial 
of a family. Fire arms are such as may be charged with 
powder, as cannon, muskets, mortars, &c. A stand of 
arms consists of a musket, bayonet, cartridge-box and 
belt, with a sword. — In falconry, arms are the legs of a 
hawk from the thigh to tiie foot. 

ARMS-END, 71. At the end of the arms ; at a good distance. 

ARMS'REACH, 71. Within the stretch of the arm. 

AR'MY, n. [Fr. armie.] 1. A collection or body of men 
armed for war. 2. A great number ; a vast multitude. 

AR'NOLD-IST, n. A disciple of Arnold of Brescia. 

AR'NOT, n. A name of the bunium, pignut or earthnut. 

AR-NOT'TO, n. The a7iotta, which see. Also, a tree so 
called. 

AR'NUTS, n. Tall oat grass. 

fA-ROINT'. SeeABOYNT. 

A-Ro'MA, ) 71. [Gr. apu)[ia.] The quality of plants which 

AR O-MA, ) constitutes their fragrance. 

AR-0-MAT'IC, or AR-O-MAT I-CAL, a. Fragrant ; spicy ; 
strong-scented ; odoriferous ; having an agreeable odor. 

AR-0-j\IAT'I€, n. A plant which yields a spicy, fragrant 
smell, or awarm, pungent taste. 

AR'0-MA-TiTE, n. A bituminous stone. Coze. 

AR-O-MAT-I-Za TION, n. The act of impregnating or 
scenting with aroma, or rendering aromatic. 

* AR'O-MA-TlZE, v. t. To impregnate with aroma ; to in- 
fuse an aromatic odor ; to give a spicy scent or taste ; to 
perfume. 

* AR'O-MA-TlZEJ), pp. Impregnated with aroma ; rendered 

fragrant. 

* AR'O-MA-TI-ZER, n. That which communicates an aro- 
matic quality. Evelyn. 

* AR'O-MA-TI-ZING, ppr. Rendering spicy ; impregnating 
with aroma. 



A-RoMA-TOUS, a. Containing aroma, or the principle ot 
fragrance. 

AR'OPH, 71. 1. A name by which saffron is sometimes 
called. 2. A chemical preparation of Paracelsus, formed 
by sublimation from equal quantities of hematite and sal 
a7nm.jniac. 

A-RcSE'. The past or preterit tense of the verb to 
arise. 

A-ROUND', prep. 1. About ; on all sides 5 encircling ; en- 
compassing. 2. In a looser sense, from place to place ; at 
random. 

A-ROUND', adv. 1. In a circle ; on every side. 2. In a 
looser sense, at random ; without any fixed direction. 

A-Rc5U RA, n. [Gr.] A Grecian measme of fifty feet. 

A-ROUSE', (a-rbuz') v. t. To excite into action that which 
is at rest ; to stir, or put in motion or exertion, that which 
is languid. 

A-ROUS'ED, (a-rouzd') pp. Excited into action ; put in mo- 
tion. 

A-ROUS'ING, ppr. Putting in motion ; stirring ; exciting 
into action or exertion. 

A-RoW", adv. In a row ; successively. 

t A-ROYNT', adv. Be gone : away Shak. 

AR-PEG'6IO, n. [It.] The distinct sound of the notes of an 
instrumental chord, accompanying the voice. Walker. 

AR'PENT, 7t. [Fr. arpe7it.] A portion of land in France, 
ordinarily containing one "hundred square rods or perches, 
each of 18 feet. Rut the arpent is different in different 
parts of France. 

AR-aUE-BU-SADE', n. 1. A distilled liquor applied to a 
bruise. 2. The shot of an arquebuse. 

AR'aUE-BUSE, or HAR'QUE-BUSE, n. A hand gun ; a 
species of fire arms, anciently used, which was cocked 
with a wheel. _ 

AR-Q,UE-BU-SIeR', n. A soldier armed with an arque- 
buse. 

f ARR, 71. A mark made by a flesh wound, a cicatrice. 
Relph. 

t AR'RA, 71. [L. arrha, or arra.] A pledge. Anderson. 

AR'RACH, 71. A plant. See Orrach, 

AR-RACK', 71. Contracted into rack. A spirituous liquor 
imported from the East Indies, which usually bears this 
name, is toddy, a liquor distilled from the juice of the co- 
coa-nut tree^ procured by incision. 

AR'RA-GO-NlTE, n. In mineralogy, a species of carbonate 
of lime, but not pure. 

AR-RaIGN', (ai rane') v. t. [Norm, arraner.] 1. To call or set 
a prisoner at the bar of a court, to answer to the matter 
charged against him in an indictment or information. 

2. According to law writers, to set in order 5 to fit for 
trial. 3. To accuse ; to charge with faults 5 to call before 
the bar of reason or taste. 

AR-RaIGN', (ar-rane') 71. Arraignment ; as, clerk of the 

arraigns. Blackstone. 
AR-RaIGN'ED, (ar-rand') pp. Called before a tribunal to 

answer, and elect triers ; accused ; called in question. 
AR-RaIGN'ING, ppr. Calling before a court or tribunal ; 

accusing. 
AR-RaIGN'MENT, (ar-rane'ment) 7i. [Norm, arresnemcnt, 

arraij7iement.] 1. The act of arraignmg, 2. Accusation 

3. A calling in question for faults. 

I AR-RaI'MENT, n. Clothes ; garments. We now use rai- 
ment. 

f AR'R AND, 71. The old word for erra7id ; message. How- 
ell. _ 

AR-RaN6E', v. t. [Fr. a7^ffl7?^er.] 1. To put in proper 
order ; to dispose the parts of a whole in the manner in- 
tended, or best suited for the piu-pose. 2. To adjust ; to 
settle ; to put in order •, to prepare. 

AR-RaN6'ED, (ar-ranjd') pp. Put in order ; disposed in the 
proper order ; adjusted. 

AR-RaNGE'MENT, n. 1. The act of putting in proper or- 
der ; the state of being put in order ; disposition in suita- 
ble form. 2. That which is disposed in order ; system of 
parts disposed in due order. 3. Preparatory measure ; 
previous disposition. 4. Final settlement ; adjustment 
by agieement. 5. Classification of facts relating to a sub- 
ject, in a regular, systematic order. 

AR-RaN6'ER, 71. One that puts in order. 

AR-RaNG'ING, ppr. Putting in due order or form ; ad ■ 
justing. 

AR'RANT, a Notorious, in an ill sense ; infamous ; mere ; 
vile. 

AR RANT-LY, adv. Notoriously, in an ill sense ; infa- 
mously ; impudently ; shamefully. 

AR'RAS, n. [from Arras, in Artois, where this article 
is manufactured.] Tapestry ; hangings wove with fig 
ures. 

t AR-RAUGHT', a. Seized by violence. Spenser. 

AR-RaY', n. [Norm, araie.] 1. Order ; disposition in regu 
lar lines ; as an army in battle array. Hence, a posture 
of defense. 2. Dress ; garments disposed in order upon 
the person. Dryden.—3. In law, the act of impanneling a 
jury ; or a jury impanneled. 



* See Synopsis. A, fi, T, O, V, Y, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BtRD •,— j Obsolete 



ARR 

AR-RaY', v. t 1. To place or dispose in order, as troops for 
battle. 2. To deck or dress ; to adorn with dress, 3. To 
set a jury in order for the trial of a cause ; that is, to call 
them man by man. Blackntone, 4. To envelop. 

AR-RaY'ED, (ar-rade') pp. Set in order, or in lines ; ar- 
ranged in order for attack or defense ; dressed : adorned 
by dress ; tmpanneled. 

AR-RaY'£R, 11. One who arrays.— In English history, an 
officer who had a commission of array, to put the soldiers 
of a county in a condition for military service. 

AR-RaY'ING, ppr. Setting in order; putting on splendid 
raiment ; impanneling. 

t AR-ReAR', adv. [Fr. arriere.l Behind ; at the hinder 
part^ Spenser. 

AR-Re.AR', n. That which is behind in payment, or which 
remains unpaid, though due. — In arrear, behind in pay- 
menu 

AR-ReAR'A6E, n. Arrears ; any sum of money remaining 
unpaid, after previous payment of a part. 

f AR-ReAR'AKCE, n. The same with arrear. Diet. 

AR-RE€T , or AR-RE€T'ED, a. [L. arrectus.] Erect ; at- 
tentive ; as a person listening. 

t AR-RE€T', V. t. To raise or lift up. Skelton. 

AR-REN-Ta'-TION, n. [Sp. arrendar.] In the forest laws 
of England, a licensing the owner of land in a forest to 
inclose it with a small ditch and low hedge, in considera- 
tion of a yearly rent. Cowel. 

AR-REP-Ti"TIOUS, a. [L. arreptus.] 1. Snatched away. 
2. [ad and repo.'] Crept in privily. Johnson. 

AR-REST', v. t. [Fr. arriter.] 1. To obstruct ; to stop ; to 
check or hinder motion. 2. To take, seize or apprehend 
by virtue of a warrant from authority. 3. To seize and 
fix. 4. To hinder, or restrain. 

AR-REST', n. 1. The taking or apprehending of a person by 
vutue of a warrant from authority. 2. Any seizure, or 
taking by power, physical or moral. 3. A stop.hinderance 
or restraint. — 4. In law, an arrest of judgment is the stay- 
ing or stopping of a judgment after verdict, for causes 
assigned. 5. A mangy humor between the ham and pas- 
tern of the hind legs of a horse. 

AR-REST-aTION, n. The act of arresting ; an aiTest or 
seizure . 

AR-REST'ED, pp. Seized ; apprehended ; stopped ; hin- 
dered ; restrained. 

AR-REST'ER, or AR-REST'OR, n. One who anests. 

AR-REST'ING, ppr. Seizing ; staying ; restraining. 

AR-REST'MEj\'T, n. In Scots law, an arrest, or detention 
of a criminal, till he finds caution or surety, to stand 
trial. 

AR-RET', n. The decision of a court or council ; a decree 
published ; the edict of a sovereign prince. 

t AR-RET', V. t. To assign ; to allot. Spenser. 

+ AR-RET'TED, a. Convened before a judge, charged with 
a crime. 

t AR-RiDE', V. t. [L. arrideo.l To laugh at ; to please well. 
Ben Jonson. 

AR-RIeRE', (ar-reer') n. The last body of an army ; now 
called rear, which see. — Arriere-ban, or ban and arriere- 
ban, a general proclamation of the French kings, by 
which not only their immediate feudatories, \)\A their vas- 
sals, were summoned to take the field for war. — Jlrriere- 
fee ox fief. A fee or fief dependent on a superior fee, or a 
fee held of a feudatory. — Arriere vassal. The vassal of a 



53 



ART 



AR-Rl* VAL, 71. I. The coming to, or reaching a place, from 
a distance. 2. The attainment or gaining of any ob- 
ject. 

t AR-RrVANCE, n. 1. Company coming. Shak. 2. Arrival ; 
a reaching in progress. Brown. 

AR-RlVE', V. i. [Fr. arriver.] 1. Literalhj, to come to the 
shore, or bank. Hence, to come to or reach in progress 
by water, followed by at. 2. To come to or reach by 
traveling on land. 3. To reach a point by progressive 
motion ; to gain or compass by eiSbit, practice, study, en- 
quiry, reasoning or experiment. 4. To happen or occur. 

tAR-RIVE', r.t. To reach. Shak. 

AR-RlVIXG, ppr. Coming to or reaching, by water or 
land ;_ gaining by research, efibrt or study. 

t AR-RoDE', V. t. [L. arrodo.] To gnaw or nibble. Diet. 

^\R-Ro'BA, n. [Arabic] A weight, in Portugal, of thirty- 
two pounds ; in Spain, of twenty-five pounds. 

ARRO-GAXCE, n. [L. arrogantia.] The act or quality of 
taking much upon one's self •, that species of pride which 
consists in exorbitant claims of rank, dignity, estimation 
or power ; proud contempt of others ; couceitedness ; pre- 
sumption. 

AR'RO-GAN-CY, 7?. Arrogance. [This orthography is less 
us2ial.'\ 

AR'RO-GANT, a. 1. Assuming ; making, or having the 
disposition to make, exorbitant claims of rank or estima- 
tion •, gi-^'ing one's self an undue degree of importance ; 
haughty ; conceited. 2. Containing arrogance ; marked 
with arrogance ; proceeding from undue claims or seif- 
iTipoi'ance. 



[Sax. earse.] The buttocks or hind part of an 



AR'RO-GANT-LY, adv. In an arrogant manner : with un- 
due pride or self-unportance. 

AR'RO-GANT-NESS, n. Arrogance. [Littleused.] 

AR'RO-GATE, v. t. [L. arrogo.] To assume, demand or 
challenge more than is proper ; to make undue claims, 
from vanity or false pretensions to right or merit. 

AR'RO-GA-TED, pp. Claimed by undue pretensions. 

AR'RO-GA-TING, ppr. Challenging or claiming more pow- 
er or respect than is just or reasonable. 

AR-RO-Ga'TION, 71. The act of arrogating, or making ex- 
orbitant claims ; the act of taking more than one is just'y 
entitled to. 

AR'RO-GA-TiVE, a. Assuming or making undue claims 
and pretensions. More. 

AR-ROND'iS-MENT, n. [Fr. arrondir.] A circuit : a dis- 
trict j a division or portion of territory in France. ' 

AR-Ro'SION, (ar-ro'zhun) n. [L. arrodo.] A gna-iving 

AR'RoW, 71. [Sax. areica.l A missive weapon of nSense, 
straight, slender, pointed and barbed, to be shot with a 
bow^ 

AR'RoW-GRaSS, n. A plant or genus of plants ; the trig- 
lochin. Mxihlenberg. 

AR'RoW-HEAD, 7!. 1. The head of an arrow. 2. Sagitta- 
ria ,• a genus of aquatic plants. 

AR'RoW-ROOT, n. 1. The maranta ; a genus of plants, 
natives of tlie Indies. 2. The starch of the maranta, or 
an-ow-root, a nutritive medicinal food. 

AR'RoW-Y, a. 1. Consisting of arrows. 2. Formed like an 
arrow. 

aRSE, 71. 
animal. 

tXRSE'FOOT, 7?. A kind of water-fowl. Diet. 

ARSE-SMART, 7?. The vulgar name of a species of polyg- 
onum, or knot-grass. 

AR'SE-NAL, n. [Sp. Port. It. Fi'.] A repository or maga- 
zine_of arms and military stores. 

AR-SeN'I-AC, or AR-SEN'I-€AL ACID. Arsenic combined 
with a greater proportion of oxygen, than in the arsenious 
acid^ 

AR-Se'NI-ATE, 77. A neutral salt, formed by arsenical 
acid combined with any metallic, earthy or saline base. 

ARSE'JNflC, 7!. [Gr. apueviKov ; Fr. arsenic.] A mineral sub- 
stance which is a virulent poison ; vulgarly called ratsbane. 

AR-SENT-CAL, a. Belonging to arsenic ; consisting of or 
containing arsenic. 

AR-SEN'I-€ATE, v. t. To combine with arsenic. 

AR-SEN'I-CA-TED, a. Combined with arsenic. 

AR-Se'NI-OUS, a. Pertaining to, or containing arsenic. 

AR'SE-NITE, 71. A salt formed by the arsenious acid, with 
a base. 

ARSH'INE, n. A Russian measure of more than two feet. 

aR'SON, (ar'sn) 7!. [Norm. Fr. arsine, arseun.] In law 
the malicious burning of a house of another man, which 
by the common law, is felony. 

ART. The second person, indicative mode, present tense 
of the substantive verb am. 

ART, 7!. [L. ars, artis.] 1. The disposition or modification 
of things by human skill, to answer the purpose intended. 
In this'sense, art stands opposed to nature. 2. A system 
of rules, serving to facilitate the performance of certain 
actions ; opposed to science, or to speculative principles. 
3. Skill, dexterity, or the power of performing certain ac- 
tions, acquired by experience, study or observation. 

AR-TE-MIS'I-A, 7?. Mug-wort, southernwood, and worm- 
wood 5 a genus of plants. 

AR-Te'RI-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to an artery or the arteries. 

2. Contained in an artery. 
AR-TE-RI-OT'0-MY, n. [Gr. aprrjpia and TOfiv.l The 

opening of an artery for the purpose' of letting blood. 
AR'TE-RY, n. [Gr. apTripia.] A cylindrical vessel or tube, 

which conveys the blood from the heart to all parts of the 

body. There are two principal arteries ; the aorta and 

the pulmonary artery. 
ART'FUL, a. 1. Performed with art or skill. 2. Artificial 

3. Cunning •, practicing art, or stratagem ; crafty. 4 
Proceeding from art or craft. 

ART'FUL-LY, adv. With art, or cimning ; skilfully ; dex- 
trously. 

ART FUL-NESS, n. Art ; craft ; cunning ; address 

AR-THRIT'I€, } a. Pertaining to the joints, or to the 

AR-THRIT'I-€AL, \ gout ; aflfecting the joints. 

AR-THRIT'IS, 71. [Gr. apdping.] Any painful disease of 
the joints ; but more particularly, the gout. 

AR-THRoDI-A, n. In anatomy, a species of articulation. 

AR'TIC. This word is, by mistake, used by some authors 
for arctic. 

AR'TI-CHOKE, n. [Fr. artichaut.] A plant somewhat re- 
sembling a thistle. The Jerusalem artichoke is a species 
of sun-flower. 

AR'TI-€LE, 7J. [Ij. articiilus.] 1. A single clause in a con- 
tract, account, treaty, or other writing ; a particular, sep- 
arate charge, or item, in an account j a term, condition, 
or stipulation, in a contract. 2. A point of faith. 3. A 



* See Synopsis. MoVE. BOQK. D6VE :— BIJLL. GNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in tAis. t Obsolete . 



ARU 



54 



ASC 



distinct part. Paley. 4. A particular commodity, or sub- 
stance. — 5. In botany, that part of a stalk or stem, which is 
between two joints. — 6. in grammar, an adjective used 
before nouns, to limit or define their application ; as, hie, 
ille, ipse, in Latin •, h, f], to, in Greek ; the, this, that, in 
English ; le. La, J.es, in French ; il, la, lo, in Italian. 

AR'Tl-CLE, t). £. 1. To draw up in distinct particulars. 2. 
To accuse or charge by an exhibition of articles. 3. To 
bind by articles of covenant or stipulation. 

XR'Ti-€L£, V. i. To agree by articles ; to stipulate. 

AR'T1-€L£D, pp. Drawn up in particulars ; accused or 
bound by articles. 

AR-TItJ'U-LAR, a. [L. articnlaris.] Belonging to the 
joints. 

AR-TI€'U-LATE, a. [L. articulatus.'] 1. Formed by joint- 
ing, or articulation of the organs of speech : applied to 
sound 2. Expressed in articles. [JVot used.'\ 3. Jointed j 
formed with joints. Botany. 

4R-TI€'U-LATE, v. t. 1. To Utter articulate sounds ; to 
utter distinct syllables or words. 2. To draw up or write 
in separate particulars. [06s.] Shak. 3. To treat, stipulate 
or make terms. [06s.] Shak. 4. To joint. Smith. 

AR-TI€'U-LA-TED, pp. 1. Uttered distinctly in syllables 
or words. 2. Jointed ; having joints, as a plant. 

AR-Ti€'U-LATE-LY, adv. 1. With distinct utterance of 
syllables or vt'ords. 2. Article by article ; in detail. Paley. 

AR-TI€'U-LATE-NESS, n. The quality of being articulate. 

AR-TI€'U-LA-TING, ppr. Uttering in distinct syllables or 
words. 

AR-TI€-U-LA'TrON, n. 1. In anatomy, the joining or 
juncture of the bones. — 2. In botany, the connection of 
the parts of a plant by joints. 3. The forming of words 
by the human voice. 4. A consonant. 

XR'TI-FICE, 71. [L. artificium.'] 1. Stratagem; an artful 
or ingenious device. In a bad sense, it corresponds with 
trick, or fraud. 2. Art ; trade ; skill acquired by science 
or practice. [Rarely iLsed.] 

AR-TIF'I-CER, n. [L. artifez.] 1. An artist ; a mechanic 
or manufacturer. 2. One who makes or contrives ; an in- 
ventor. 3. A cunning, or artful fellow. [J\rot used.\ Ben 
Jonson. 

AR-TI-Fi''CIAL, a. 1. Made or contrived by art, or by hu- 
man skill and labor. 2. Feigned ; fictitious ; not genuine 
or natural. 3. Contrived with skill or art. 4. Cultivated ; 
not indigenous ; not being of spontaneous growth. 

t AR-TI-Fl"CIAL, r:. The production of art. Sir F/. Petty. 

AR-TI-Fi-Cl-AL'I-TY, n. The quality of being artificial ; 
apjiearance of art. Shenstone. 

AR 'i'J -Fi"CI Ali-LY, adv. By art, or human skill and con- 
trivance •, with art or ingenuity. 

AR-TI-F]"CIAL-NESS, n. The quality of being artificial. 

f AR-TI-FICIOUS, a. Artificial. 

f aR TIL-ISE, or f ARTIZE, v. t. To give the appearance 
of art to. BoLinghroke, 

AR-TIL'LE-RY, n. This word has no plural. [Fr. artillc- 
rie.] 1. Offensive weapons of v/ar. 2. Cannon ; great 
guns ; ordnance. 3. The men v/ho manage cannon and 
mortars, with the officers, engineers, and" persons v/ho 
supply the artillery with implements and materials. 

XRT'I-SAN, n. [Fr. See Art.] An artist ; one skilled in 
any art, mystery or trade ; a handicrafts-man ; a mechan- 
ic ; a tradesman. 

ART'IST, ?i. [Fr. artiste.] 1. One skilled in an art or 
trade ; one who is master or professor of a manual art ; a 
good workman in any trade. 2. A skilful man ; not a 
novice. — 3. In an academical sense, a proficient in the 
faculty of arts 5 a philosopher. 4. One skilled in the fine 
arts •, as a painter, sculptor, architect, &c. 

ART'LESS, a. 1. Unskilful •, wanting art, or skill. 2. Free 
from guile, art, craft or stratagem ; simple ; sincere ; un- 
affected ; undesigning. 3. Contrived without skill or art. 

ART'LESS-LY, adv. 1. Without art or skill ; in an artless 
manner. 2. W^ithout guile ; naturally. 

ART'LESS-NESS, n. The quality of being void of art or 
guile ; simplicity , sincerity ; unaffectedness. 

AR'TO-TY-RlTE, n. [Gr. apros and rvpos.] One of a sect 
of heretics, ir the primitive church, who celebrated the 
eucbarist wit._ bread and cheese. 

•f ARTS-M_AN, 71. A learned man. Shak. 

AR-UN-De'LI-AN, a. Pertaining to Arundel ; as, jSrunde- 
liait marbles. 

A-RUN-DI-Na'CEOUS, a. [L. antndo.] Pertaining to a 
reed ; resembling the reed or cane. 

AR-UN-DIN'E-OUS, a. Abounding with reeds. 

A-Ru'RA, 71. [Gr. apovpa.] A piece of ground ; a plowed 
field ; a Grecian measure. 

A-RUSTEX, 71. [L.] A soothsayer. Dryden. 

A-RUS'PlCE, n. Written also haruspice. [L. aruspex, or 
haruspex.] A priest, in ancient Rome, whose business it 
was to inspect the entrails of victims killed in sacrifice, 
and by them to foretell future events. 

A-RU^'PI-CY, 71. The act of prognosticating by inspection 
of t":je ent.-ails of beasts slain in sacrifice. 



fAR'VEL, n. A funeral. Grose. Craven dialect.~ Arvet 
supper. The feast made at northern funerals. — .Brvel 
bread. Cakes given at funerals. Grose. 

AS, adv. [G. and D. als.] 1. Literally, like ; even ; simi- 
lar ; in like manner ; as, do as you are commanded. 2 
It was formerly used where we now use that. Obs. 3. It 
was formerly used for as if. Obs. 4. WhUe ; during ; at 
the same time. " He trembled as he spoke." — 6.s, in a 
subsequent part of a sentence, answei-s to such ; give us 
such things as you please. 

ASj n. [L.] 1. A Roman weight of 12 ounces, answering 
to the libra or pound. 2. A Roman coin. 3. An integer ; 
a whole. 

AS'A A corruption of lasar, an ancient name of a gum 
See Ooze. 

AS'A-DUL'CIS. The same as benzoin. 

AS'A-FET'I-DA, n. [asa, and L. fmtidus.] A fetid gum- 
resin, from the East Indies. 

AS-A-RA-BA€'€A, n. [L. asarum.] A plant. 

AS-BES'TlNE, a. Pertaining to asbestus, or partaking of ita 
nature and qualities ; incombustible. 

AS-BES'TI-NlTE, n. The actinolite, or strahlstein.—Calcif- 
erous asbestinite ; a variety of steatite. 

AS-BES'TUS, or AS-BES'TOS, 71. [Gr. ac^eoTOi.-] A min- 
eral, which has frequently the appearance of a vegetable 
substance. It is always fibrous, and its fibres are some- 
times delicate, flexible, and elastic ; at other times, stiff 
and brittle, it is incombustible, and has been wrought 
into a soft, flexible cloth, which was formerly used as a 
shroud for dead bodies. 

AS-€a'RIS, n. ;plu. Ascar'ides. [Gr.] In zoology, a genus 
of intestinal worms. 

AS-CEND', V. i. [L. ascendo ^' 1. To move upwards ; to 
mount ; to go up ; to lise. 2. To rise, in a figurative 
sense ; to proceed from an inferior to a superior degree, 
from mean to noble objects, from particulars to generals, 
&c. 3. To proceed from modern to ancient times ; to re- 
cur to former ages ; to proceed in a line towards ances- 
tors. — 4. In music, to rise in vocal utterance ; to pass from 
any note to one more acute. 

AS-CEND', V. t. To go or move upwards upon ; as, to as 
cend a hill ; to climb. 

AS-CEND'A-BLE, a. That may be ascended. 

AS-CEND'ANT, n. 1. Superiority or commanding influ- 
ence. 2. An ancestor, or one who precedes in genealogy, 
or degrees of kindred ; opposed to descendant. 3. Height ; 
elevation. [Little used.] Temple. — 4. In astrology, that 
degree of the ecliptic which rises above the horizon at the 
time of one's birth. That part of the ecliptic at any par- 
ticular time above the horizon, supposed to have influence 
on a person's life and fortune. 

AS-CEND ANT, a. 1. Superior ; predominant ; surpassing. 
— 2. In astrology, above the horizon. 

AS-CEND'ED, pp. or a. Risen ; mounted up ; gone to 
heaven. 

AS-CEND'EN-CY, n. Power ; governing or controlling in- 
fluence. 

AS-CEND'ING, ppr. Rising ; moving upwards ; proceeding 
from the less to the greater ; proceeding from modern to 
ancient, from grave to more acute. — Ascending latitude is 
the latitude of a planet, when moving towards the north 
pole. — Ascending node is that point of a planet's orbit, 
wherein it passes the ecliptic to proceed northward. 

AS-CEN'SIOAT, ,!. [L. ascensio.] 1. The act of ascending ; 
a rising. It is frequently applied to the visible elevation 
of our Savior to heaven. 2. The thing ascending. [J^ot 
authorized.] 

AS-CEN'S10N-DaY, 77. A festival held on Holy Thursday, 
in commemoration of our Savior's ascension into heaven, 
after his resurrection. — Ascensional difference is the dif- 
ference between the right and oblique ascension of the 
same point on the surface of the sphere. 

AS-CEN SIVE, a, Pv,ising 5 tending to rise, or causing to 
rise. Journ. of Science. 

ASCENT', n. [L. ascensus.] 1. The act of rising ; motion 
upwards ; rise ; a mounting upwards. 2. The way by 
which one ascends ; the means of ascending. 3. An em 
inence, hill or high place. 4. The degree of elevation ot 
an object, or the angle it makes with a horizontal line. 
5. Acclivity •, the rise of a hill. 

AS-CER-TaIN', v. t. [L. ad cerium.] 1. To make certain ; 
to define or reduce to precision, by removing obscurity or 
ambiguity. 2. To make certain, by trial, examination 
or experiment, so as to know what was before unknown. 
3. To make sure by previous measures. 4. To fix ; to 
establish with certainty •, to render invariable. 

AS-CER-TaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be made certain in 
fact, or reduced to certainty. 

AS-CER-TaIN'ED, (as-ser-tand') pp. Made certain ; de- 
fined ; established ; reduced to a certainty. 

AS-CER-TaIN'ER, 71. The person who ascertains or makes 
certain . 

AS-CER-TAlN'ING,;7pr. Making certain ; fixing ; establish 
ing ; reducing to a certainty ; obtaining certain knowledge 



Sef Synopsis. A E, I 6 V,V long.— FAR, FALIi, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARlNE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. 



ASK 



55 



ASP 



AS-CER-TaIN M£NT, n. The act of ascertaining ; a re- 
ducing to certainty ; certainty ; fixed rule. Swift> 

^^eIIaNT ^' i ^^^ AcESCENCY, Acescent, 

AS-CET le, a. [Gr. aGKTjrog.] Retired from the world ; 
rigid •, severe ; austere ; employed in devotions and mor- 
tifications, 

AS-CET'I€, n. I. One who retires from the business of life, 
and devotes himself to piety and devotion ; a hermit ; a 
recluse. 2, The title of certain books, on devout exer- 
cises. 

\ AS-CET'I-CISM, n. The state of an ascetic. Warhurton. 

AS'CIAN, n. [L. ascii.'] A person, who, at certain times of 
the year, has no shadow at noon. 

AS'CI-TANS, n. [Gr, ao-/cof,] A sect or branch of Monta- 
nists, who appeared in the second century, 

AS-Cl'TES, n. [Gr. aaKOiJ] A dropsy, or tense, elastic swell- 
ing of the belly, with fiuctuation, from a collection of 
water. 

AS-CIT'I€, ) a. Belonging to an ascites ; dropsical ; 

AS-CIT'I-€AL, \ hydropical. 

AS-CI-Ti"TIOUS, a, [L. asciius.'] Additional ; added ; sup- 
plemental ; not inherent or original. 

AS-€Le'PI-AD, 71. In ancient poetry, a verse of four feet. 

AS-€Rl'BA-BLE, a. That may be ascribed. 

AS-€RiBE', V. t. [L. ascribo.] 1. To attribute, impute, or 
set to, as to a cause ; to assign, as effect to a cause. 2. 
To attribute, as a quality ; to consider or alledge to be- 
long. 

AS-€RIB'ED, (as-kribdO pp. Attributed or imputed ; con- 
sidered or alledged as belonging. 

AS-€RlB'ING, ppr. Attributing ; imputing ; alledging to 
belong. 

AS-CRIP'TION, n. The act of ascribing, imputing or af- 
firming to belong, 

AS-€RIP-Ti"TIOUS, a. That is ascribed, 

ASH, 71, [Sax. cesc ; Dan. ask.] 1, A well known tree, of 
which there are many species. 2. The wood of the ash- 
tree. 

ASH, a. Pertaining to or iike the ash ; made of ash, 

t A-SHaME', v. t. To shame. 

A-SHaM ED, (a-shamd') a. Affected by shame ; confused 
by a consciousness of guilt or of inferiority ; by the mor- 
tification of pride ; by failure or disappointment. 

tA-SHAMED-LY, ffldy. Bashfully, 

fA-SHELF', acZi). On a shelf or rock. Massinger. 

ASH-€oL'ORED, a. Of a color between brown and gray, 

ASH'EN, a. Pertaining to ash ; made of ash. 

ASH'ES, 71. plu. without the singular number, [Sax. asca.] 
1, The earthy particles of combustible substances remain- 
ing after combustion, 2, The remains of the human body 
when burnr. Hence, figuratively, a dead body or corpse, 

ASH'-FIRE, 71, A low fire used in chemical operations, 

ASH'-FLY, 71. The oak-fly. Complete Angler. 

ASH'-HoLE, 71. A repository for ashes ; the lower part of 
a furnace. 

ASH'LAR, 71, Common or free stones, as they come from 
the quarry. 

ASH'LER-ING, n. Q,uartering for lathing to, in garrets. 

A-SHoRE', adv. 1. On shore ; on the land adjacent to wa- 
ter ; to the shore. 2. On land, opposed to aboard. 3. On 
the ground. 

ASH'-TUB, 71, A tub to receive ashes, 

ASH'-WEDNES'DAY, (ash-wenz'de) n. The first day of 
Lent ; supposed to be so called from a custom of sprin- 
kling ashes on the head. 

ASH'-WEED, 71, A plant, the small, wild angelica, gout- 
wort, goats-foot, or herb-gerard, 

ASH'Y, a. Belonging to ashes ; ash-colored ; pale ; inclining 
to a whitish gray, Shak. 

ASH'-Y-PALE, a. Pale as ashes, Shak. 

A SIAN, a. Pertaining to Asia, 

A'SIAR€H. n. A chief or pontifi" of Asia ; one who had the 
superintendence of the public games. 

A-SIAT'I€, a. Belonging to Asia. 

A-SIAT'I€, 71. A native of Asia. 

A-SIAT'I-CISM, 71. Imitation of the Asiatic manner. 

A-SlDE', adv. 1. On or to one side ; out of a perpendicular 
or straight direction. 2. At a little distance from the 
main part or body. 3. From the body. 4. From the 
company ; at a small distance, or in private. 5. Separate 
from the person, mind or attention ; in a state of aban- 
donment, 

AS-IN-E'GO, n. [Sp. asnico.'] A foolish fellow, 

AS'I-NINE, rarely ASII-NA-RY, a. [L, asinus.] Belonging 
to the ass •, having the qualities of the ass, 

ASK, V. t. [Sax, ascian, acsian, or axian.] 1, To request ; 
to seek to obtain by words ; to petition ; with of before 
the person to whom the request is made, 2. To require, 
expect or claim. 3, To interrogate, or inquire ; to put a 
question, with a view to an answer. 4. To require, or 
make claim. 5. To claim, require or demand, as the price 
or value of a commodity •, to set a price. 6. To invite. 



ASK, v> i. 1. To request or petition, followed by /or. 2 

To inquire, or seek by request, 
ASK, ASH, AS, come from the Saxon asc, an ash-tree 

GHbson. 

ASK, See Asker, 

AS-KANCE', ) adv. [D, schuins.] Towards one corner of 

AS-KANT', \ the eye. 

ASKED, pp. Requested ; petitioned ; questioned 5 interro- 
gated, 

ASK'ER, n. 1. One who asks 5 a petitioner; an inquirer 
2. A water newt. Johnson. 

AS-KEW, adv. [G. schief.] With a wry look ; asi(?e ; 
askant ; sometimes indicating scorn, or contempt, cr 
envy. 

ASK'ING, p;j?-. 1. Requesting ; petitioning; interrogating; 
inquiring, 2. Silently expressing request or desire, 

f A-SLAKE', V. t. [Sax. aslacian.] To remit ; to slacken 
Speiiser. 

AS-La'NI, n. A silver coin, 

A-SLANT', a. or adv. On one side ; obliquely ; not perpen- 
dicularly, or with a right angle, 

A-SLEEP', a. or adv. 1, Sleeping ; in a state of sleep ; at 
rest, 2, To a state of sleep ; as, to fall asleep. 3. Dead ; 
in astate of death. 4. To death, 

A-SLoPE', a. or adv. With leaning or inclination ; oblique- 
ly ; with declivity or descent, as a hill. 

t A-SLUG^, adv. In a sluggish manner. Fotherby. 

AS-MO-Ne'AN, a. Pertaining to Asmoneus. 

AS-MO-Ne'AN, 71. One of the family of Asmoneus. 

t A-S6'MA-T0US, a. [Gr, a and ccojua.] Without a mate- 
rial body ; incorporeal, 

ASP, See Aspen, 

ASP, or ASP'IO, 7!, [L. aspis ; Gr. acj-is,] A small, poison 
ous serpent of Egypt. 

AS-PAL'A-THUS, n. A plant. 

AS-PAR'A-GIN, 71. White, transparent crystals of a peculiar 
vegetable principle. 

AS-PAR'A-GUS, 71. [L, and Gr.] Sparagus ; sperage ; vul- 
garly, sparroiD-grass ; a genus of plants. 

ASPECT, 71. [L. aspectus.] 1. Look ; view ; appearance 
to the eye or the mind. 2, Countenance ; look, or partic- 
ular appearance Of the face. 3. View ; sight ; act of see- 
ing. 4. Position or situation with regard to seeing, or 
that position which enables one to look in a particular 
direction.— 5. In astronomy, the situation of one planet 
with respect to another. 

t AS-PE€T', V. t. To behold. Temple. 

t AS-PE€T'A-BLE, a. That may be seen. 

t AS-PE€T'ED, a. Having an aspect. Ben Jonson. 

t AS-PEC'TION, n. The act of viewing. Brown. 

ASP'EN, or ASP, n. [D. esp ; G. aspe, Hspe ; Sax. aspe.] A 
species of the poplar, so called from the trembling of its 
leaves, which move with the slightest impulse of the 
air. 

ASP'EN, a. Pertaining to the aspen, or resembling it ; made 
of aspen wood. 

ASTER, a. [L.] Rough ; rugged. [Little used.] 

AS'PER, 71. [L, aspiro, to breathe,] In grammar, the Greek 
accent '. 

AS'PER, n. A Turkish coin. 

AS'PE-RATE, v.t. [L. aspero.] To make rough or uneven. 
Boyle. 

AS-PE-Ra'TION, n. A making rough. 

AS-PER-GOIRE', n. [Fr. aspersoir.] A holy-water-sprin- 
kle. Warton. 

AS-PER-I-Fo'LI-ATE, a. [L. asper ?iiiA. folium.] Having 
rough leaves. 

AS-PER-I-FO'LI-OUS, a. Having leaves rough to the touch, 

AS-PER'I-TY, 77, [L. asperitas.] 1, Roughness of surface : 
unevenness ; opposed to smoothness. 2. Roughness of 
sound ; harshness of pronunciation. 3. Roughness to the 
taste ; sourness. 4, Roughness or ruggedness of temper j 
moroseness ; sourness ; crabbedness, 5, Sharpness. 

t AS'PER-LY, or AS'PRE-LY, adv. Roughly ; sharply. 

AS-PER-Na'TION, 77. [L, aspernatio.] Neglect ; disregard . 
Diet. 

ASTER-OUS, a. [L. asper, rough.] Rough; uneven. 
Boyle. 

AS-PERSE', (as-pers') v. t. [L. aspergo, aspersus.] 1 To 
bespatter with foul reports or false and injurious charges ; 
to tarnish in point of reputation, or good name ; to slander 
or calumniate. 2. To cast upon. 

AS-PERS'ER, 71. One that asperses, or vilifies another. 

AS-PER'SION, 71. A sprinkling. 2. The spreading of ca 
lumnious reports or charges. 

AS-PHALT', or AS-PHALT'UM, n. [Gr. aacpaXroi.] Bitu- 
men Judaicum, Jew's pitch ; a smooth, hard, brittle, black 
or brown substance, which breaks with a polish, melts 
easily when heated, and, when pure, bums without leav- 
ing any ashes. 

AS-PHALT'I€, a. Pertaining to asphalt, or containing it ; 
bituminous. Milton. 

AS-PHALT'ITE, a. Pertaining to or containing asphalt. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— B^LL, UNITE— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



ASS 



56 



ASS 



.S'PHO-DEL, n. [L and Gr. j King's-spear ; a genus of 

liliaceous plants, cultivated for the beauty of their flowers. 

iS-PHtJ'REL-ATES, n. [Gr. a and aipvpa.] A series of 

semimetallic fossils. 
\.S-PHYX'Y, n. [Gr. a(7(pv^ia.] A temporary suspension of 
the motion of the heart and arteries ; swooning ; fainting. 

'^Sl'ie, 7i. i. The asp, which see. 2. A piece of ord- 
nance, carrjing a twelve pound shot. 

ASP'ie, 71. A species of lavender, a plant. 

AS-PI'RANT, n. One who aspires, breathes after, or seeks 
with eagerness. 

AS'PI-RATE, V. t. [L. asjnro.] To pronounce with a 
breathing, or full emission of breath. We aspirate the 
words horse and house. 

AS'PI -KATE, V. i. To be uttered with a strong breathing ; 
as, the letter h aspirates. Dryden. 

AS'Pl-RATE, n. A letter marked with an asper, or note of 
breathing ; a mark of aspiration, as the Greek accent ' . 

AS'Pl-RATE, a. Pronounced with a full breath. 

AS PI-RA-TED, pp. Uttered with a strong emission of 
breath. 

AS'Pl-RA-TING, ;7pr. Pronouncing with a full breath. 

AS-PI-Ra'TION, n. ]. The pronunciation of a letter with 
a full emission of breath. 2. A breathing after ; an ardent 
wisli or desire. 3. The act of aspiring, or of ardently de- 
siring what is noble or spiritual. 

AS-PiRE', r. i. [L. aspiro.] 1. To desire with eagerness ; 
to pant after an object. 2. To aim at something elevated. 
Pope. 

t AS-PTRE MENT, n. The act of aspiring. Brewer. 

AS-PlR'ER, n. One who aspires ; one who aims to rise. 

AS-PiR'ING, ppr. Desiring eagerly ; aiming at something 
noble, great, or spiritual. 

AS-PlR'LNG, a. Ambitious ; animated with an ardent de- 
sire^ of power, importance, or excellence. 

AS-PlR'ING, n. 1. Ambition ; eager desire of something 
great. 2^ Points ; stops. [JVot used.] 

AS-POR-Ta-TION, ?!. [li.asportatio.] A carrying away. — 
In laK, the felonious removal of goods. 

A-SQ,UINT', adv. [D. schuinte.] 1. To the corner or angle 
of the eye ; obliquely ; towards one side. 2. Not with 
regard, or due notice. 

ASS, 71. [W. Gsyn ; Ir. asan ; L. asinus.l ]. A quadruped 
of the equine geni's 2. A dull, heavy, stupid fellow : a 
dolt. 

AS-SA'I. [It.] A term in music ; added to a word signify- 
ing slow, it denotes a little quicker ; and to a word sig- 
nifying quick, it denotes a little slower. 

AS-SaIL', v. t. [Fr. assaillir.] 1. To leap or fall upon by 
violence ; to assault ; to attack suddenly. 2. To invade 
or attack, in a hostile manner. 3. To attack with argu- 
ments, censure, abuse, or criticism. 

AS-SaIL'A-BLE, a. That may be assailed, attacked, or 
invaded. 

[Fr.] One who assails, attacks, or as- 



Assaulting ; attacking ; invading with 
Assaulted ; invaded ; attacked 



AS-SaIL'AJVT 

saults. 

AS-SaIL'ANT 
violence. 

AS-SAIL'ED, (as-sald') pp 
with violence. 

AS-SaIL'ER, 71. One who assails. 

AS-SaIL'ING, ppr. Assaulting ; invading by force , at- 
tacking with violence. 

tAS-S_ATL'MENT, ??. Attack. Johnson. 

AS-SA-PAN'ie, 71. The flying squirrel. 

AS'SA-RON, 7(. A Hebrew measure of five pints. 

AS-SART', n. [o\i Fr. assarter.] 1. In ancient laics, the 
offense of grubbing up trees, and thus destroying thickets 
or coverts of a forest. 2. A tree plucked up by the roots ; 
also, a piece of land cleared. Ash. 

AS-SART', V t. To grub up trees ; to commit an assart. 

AS-SAS'SIN, n. One who kills, or attempts to kill, by sur- 
prise or secret assault. 

t AS-SAS'SIN, V. t. To murder. Stillingfieet. 

AS-SAS'SIN-ATE, v.t. 1. To kill, or attempt to kill, by 
surprise or secret assault ; to murder by sudden violence. 
2. To waylay : to take by treachery. 

t AS- S AS SIN- ATE, 7i. A murder or murderer. 

AS-SAS'SIN-A-TED, pp. Murdered by surprise, or secret 
assault. 

AS-SAS'SIN-A-TING, ppr. Murdering by surprise or secret 
assault.. 

AS-SAS-SIN-A TION, n. The act of killing or murdering, 
by surprise or secret assault ; murder by violence. 

AS-SAS'SlN-A-'l OR, n. Aj\ assassin, which see. 

t A3-SAS'SI-NOUS, a.. Murderous. 

AS-SAS'SINS, n. In %ria, atribe or clan called Ismaelians, 
Batavists, or Eatenians. 

t AS-Sa'TION, n. [Fr.] A roasting. 

AS-SAULT', 71. [Ft. assault, now assaut.} 1. An attack, 
or violent onset. 2. An attack by hostile words or meas- 
ures.- 3. In lair, an unlawful setting upon one's person ; 
an attempt or o/Ter to beat another, without touchhig his 
person. If thf blow aimed takes efiect, it is a battery. 



AS-SAULT', V. t. 1. To attack or fall tipon by violence, 
or with a hostile intention, 2. To invade or fall on with 
force. 3. To attack by words, arguments, or unfriendly 
measures, with a view to shake, impair, or overthrow. 

AS-SAULl'A-BLE, a. That may be assaulted. Williams. 

AS-SAULT'ED, pp Attacked with force, arms, violence, 
or hostile views. 

AS-SAULT'ER. n. One who assaults, or violently attacks. 

AS-SAULT'ING, ppr. Attacking with force, or with hostile 
measures. 

AS-SaY', 77, [Fr. essai; Sp. ensayo.] 1. The trial of the 
goodness, purity, weight, value. Sec. of metals or metallic 
substances, — 2. In law, an examination of weights and 
measures by the standard. 3. Examination ; trial ; ef- 
fort ; first entrance upon &ny business ; attempt. 4. 
Value ; great purity. Obs. 

AS-Sa Y', V. t. 1. To try or prove, by examination or ex- 
periment, the quantity and purity of metallic substances. 
2. To apply to the touchstone. Milton. 

AS-SaY', v. i. To attempt, try, or endeavor. 

AS-SaY'-BAL-ANCE, 77. A balance for the trial of the 
weight and purity of metals. 

AS-SaY'ED, (as-sade') pp. Examined ; tested ; proved by 
experiment. 

AS-SaY'ER, n. One who examines metals to find their 
quantity and purity. An ofiicer of the mint, whose busi- 
ness is to try the weight and purity of metals. 

AS-SaY'ING, ppr. Trying by some standard ; examining 
by experiment, as metals ; proving ; attempting. 

AS-SaY'-MAS-TER,77. Anassayer; an ofiicer appointed to 
try the weight and fineness of the precious metals. 

t AS-SE€-Ta'TION, 71. [L. assectatio.] Attendance, or 
waiting upon. Diet. 

t AS'SE-€LE, 77. [L. assecla.l A dependent ; a follower. 
Sheldon, 

t AS-SE-€U'RANCE, n. Assurance. Sheldon. 

t AS-SE-€U-Ra'TION, n. Assurance ; a making secure. 

t AS-SE-€URE', V. t. To secure. Bullokar. 

AS-SE-€u'TION, 77. [L. assequar.] An obtaining or acquir- 
ing. Ayliffc. 

AS-SEM'BLAGE, 71. [Fr.] 1. A collection of individuals, 
or of particular things ; the state of being assembled. 2. 
Rarely, the act of assembling. 

f AS-SEM'BLANCE, 77. Representation ; an assembling. 

AS-SEM'BLE, v, t. [Fr. assembler.'] To collect a number 
of individuals or particulars into one place, or body ; to 
bring or call together 5 to convene ; to congregate. 

AS-SEM'BLE, v. i. To meet or come together ; to convene, 
as a number of individuals, 

AS-SEM'BLED, pp. Collected into a body ; congregated. 

AS-SEM'BLER, 7?. One who assembles. 

AS-SEM'BLING, p;jr. Coming together ; collecting into one 
place. 

AS-SEM'BLING, n. A collection or meeting together 
Heb. X. 

AS-SEM'BLY, 77, [Sp, asamblea ; It, assemblea ; Fr, assent 
blee.] 1. A company or collection of individuals in the 
same place ; usually for the same purpose. 2. A congre- 
gation or religious society convened. 3. In some of the 
United States, the legislature. 4. A collection of persons 
for amusement. 5. A convocation, convention, or coun- 
cil of ministers and ruling elders delegated from each 
presbytery. — 6. In armies, the second beating of the drum 
before a march, when the soldiers strike their tents. 7. 
An asspmblage. [J^Tot in use.] 

AS-SEM'BLY-ROOM, n. A room in which persons assem- 
ble, 

AS-SENT', 71. [L. assensus.] 1. The act of the mind in 
admitting, or agreeing to, the trath of a proposition. 2 
Consent ; agreement to a proposal, respecting some right 
or interest. 3. Accord ; agreement. 

AS-SENT', 7;. i. To admit as true ; to agree, yield, or con- 
cede, or rather to express an agreement of the mind to 
what is alledged, or proposed. 

AS-SEN-Ta'TION, 77. [L, assentatio.] Compliance with 
the opinion of another, from flattery or dissimulation. 

AS-SEN-Ta'TOR, 7!. A flatterer. 

t AS-SEN-TA-To'RI-LY, adv. With adulation. 

AS-SENT ER, 77. One who assents, agrees to, or admits 

AS-SENT'ING, pp): Agreeing to, or admitting as true , 
yielding to. 

AS-SENT'ING-LY, adv. In a manner to express assent , 
by agreement, 

AS-SENT'MENT, n. Assent ; agreement. Brown. [Rarely 
used.] 

AS-SERT', ?7. «. [L. assero, assertum.] 1. To afiirm posi 
lively •, to declare with assurance •, to aver. 2. To main- 
tain or defend by words or measures ; to vindicate a claim 
or title to. 

AS-SERT'ED, pp. Affirmed positively ; maintained ; vindi- 
cated. 

AS-SERT'ING, ppr. Peclaring with confidence ; maintain 
ing ; defending. 

AS-SER'TION, 77. 1. The act of asserting ; the maintainin. 



* Sec Synopsis, a, e, I, 0,.U, Y, Zow^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT -.—PREY ;— PIN, MARiNE, BIRD ;— t 



soletc. 



ASS 



57 



of a claim. 2. Positive declaration or averment ; affirma- 
tion ; position advanced. 

AS-SERTiVE, a. Positive ; affirming confidently. 

AS-SERT'IVE-LY, adv. Affirmatively. Bedell. 

AS-SERT'OR, n. One who affirms positively ; an affirmer, 
supporter, or vindicator. 

AS-fcERT'U R\r, a. Affirming ; maintaining. 

■f AS-SERVE', V. t. [L. asservio.] To serve. Diet. 

ASSESS', v.t. [Fr. asseoir.] 1. To set, fix, or charge, a 
certain sum upon one, as a tax. 2. To value ; to fix the 
value of property, for the purpose of being taxed. 3. To 
set, fix, or ascertain. 

I AS-SESS', 71. Assessmrnt. 

AS-SESS'A-BLE, a. That may be assessed. 

AS-SESS'ED, (as-sesf) pp. Charged with a certain sum ; 
v^llued ; set ; fixed ; ascertained. 

ASSESS' IN G,ppr. Charging with a sum ; valuing; fixing; 
ascertaining. 

t AS-SES'SION V. A sitting down by a person. 

AS-SES'SION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to assessors. 

AS-SESS'MENT, n. 1. A valuation of property or profits 
of business, for the purpose of taxation. 2. A tax. or spe- 
cific sum diarged on the person or property. 3. The act 
of assessing ; the act of detennining the amount of dam- 
ages by a jury. 

AS-SEfeSiQll, n. 1. One appointed to assess the person or 
property. 2. An inferior officer of justicey^ who sits to 
assist the judge. 3. One who sits by another, as next in 
dignity. 

AS -SETS,n. plu. [Fr. assez.] Goods or estate of a deceased 
person, sufficient to pay the debts of tlie deceased. 

AS-SEV'ER, I V. t. [L. assevero.] To affirm or aver 

AS-SEVER-ATE, ) positively, or with solemnity. 

AS-SEV-ER-A'TION, n. Positive affirmation or assertion ; 
solemn declaration. 

ASS'-JHEAD, /(. One dull, like the ass ; one slow of appre- 
hension : a blockhead. 

AS-SI-De'ANS, or CHAS-I-De'ANS, n. A sect of Jews. 

AS'Sl-DENT, a. [L. assideo, assidens.] Assident signs, in 
medicine, are such as usually attend a disease. 

t AS-SID^U-ATE, a. Daily. K. Charles. 

AS-SI-Du'I-TY, 71. [L. assidititas.] 1. Constant or close 
application to any business or enterprise ; diligence. 2. 
Attention ; attentiveness to persons. — .dssiduities, in the 
plural, are services rendered with zeal and constancy. 

AS-tJlD'U-OUS, a. [L. assiduus.] 1. Constant in applica- 
tion. 2. Attentive ; careful ; regular in attendance. 3. 
Performed with constant diligence or attention. 

AS-SID' U-OUS-LY, ado. Diligently; attentively; with 
earnestness and care ; with regular attendance. 

AS SID'U-OUS-NESS, n. Constant or diligent application. 

|- AS S1e6E', 77. f . [Ft. assieger.j To besiege. Diet. 

AS-S[-ENT'0, n. [Sp. asiento.j A contract or conven- 
tion. 

AS-SiGN', (as-sIneO v. t. [Fr. assigner.] I. To allot ; to 
appoint or grant by distribution or apportionment. 2. To 
designate or appoint for a particular purpose. 3. To fix, 
specify, or designate. 4. To make or set over ; to trans- 
fer, sell, or convey, by writing. 5. To alledge or show 
in particular. — 6. In law, to show or set forth with par- 
ticularity. 

AS-SiGN', (as-sine') n. A person to whom property or an 
interest is or may be transferred. 

AS-SIGN' A-BLE, (as-sine a-bl) a. 1. That may be allotted, 
appointed, or assigned. 2. That may be transferred by 
writing. 3. That may be specified, shown with precision, 
or designated. 

AS'SIG-NAT, n. A public note or bill in France ; paper 
currency^ Burke. 

AS-SIG-Na'TION, 7j. I. An appointment of time and place 
for meeting ; used chiefly of love-meetings. 2. A making 
over by transfer of title. 3. In Rtissia, a public note, or 
baiik bill ; paper currency. 
AS-SlGN'ED, (as-sind') pp. Appointed ; allotted ; made 
over ; shown or designated. 

AS-SIGN-EE', (as-se-ne') n. A person to whom an assign- 
ment is made ; a person appointed or deputed to do seme 
actj^or enjoy some riglit, privilege, or property. 

AS-SiGN'ER, (as-si'ner) n. One who assigns, or appoints. 

AS-SlGN'ING, ppr. Allotting ; appointing ; transferring ; 

shojving specially. 
AS-SlGN'MENT, (as-slne'ment) n. 1. An allotting, or an 
appointment to a particular person or use. 2. A transfer 
of title or interest by writing. 3. The writing by which 
an interest is transferred. 4. The appointment or designa- 
tion of causes or actions in court, for trial on particular 
days.— 5. In law the conveyance of the whole interest 
which a mar has in an estate, usually for life or years. 
AS-SIGN-OR'. (as-se-nor ) 77. An assigner ; a person who 

assigns or transfers an interest. 
AS-SIM J-LA-BLE, a. That may be assimilated. 
AS-SIM 1-LATE, 75. t. [L. assimilo.] 1. To bring to a like- 
ness ; to caus3 to resemble. 2. To " 
substance. 



convert into a like 



ASS 

AS-SIM'I-LATE, v.i. 1. To become similar. 2. To be 
converted into a like substance. 

AS-SIM' 1-LA-TED, pp. Brought to a likeness ; changed 
into a like substance. 

tAS-SlM'I-LATE-]\ESS, 77. Likeness. Diet. 

AS-SIM' I-LA-TING, ppr. Causing to resemble ; converting 
into a like substance. 

AS-S1M-1-La'TION, 71. 1. The act of bringing to a resem- 
blance. 2. The act or process by which bodies convert 
ither bodies into their own nature ai J substance. 

AS-SIM'I-LA-TlVE, a. Having power of converting to a 
likeness, or to a like substance. 

tAS-SlM'U-LATE, 7;.t. [h. assimulo.] To feign. 

{aS-SIM-U-La'TION, n. A counierfeiting. See Simula- 
tion. 

AS SI-NE'GO, n. [Port.] An ass. Sir T. Herbert. 

AS-SIST', V. t. [L. assisto.] To help ; to aid ; to succor 5 to 
give support to in some undertaking or effiart, or in tmie 
of distress, 

AS-SIST', V. i. To lend aid. 

AS-SIST'ANCE, n. Help ; aid ; furtherance succor ; a 
contribution of support. 

AS-SIST 'ANT, a. Helping ; lending aid or support ; auxil- 
iary. 

AS-SIST'ANT, 71. One who aids, or who contributes his 
strength, or other means, to further the designs or welfare 
of another ; an auxiliary. 

t AS-SIST'ANT-LY, adv. So as to assist. Sternkold. 

AS-SIST'ED, pp. Helped ; aided. 

AS-SIST'ER, n. One that lends aid. 

AS-SIST'ING, ppr. Helping ; aiding ; supporting with 
strength or means, 

AS-SIST'LESS, a. Without aid or help. Pope. 

AS-SiZE', or AS-Si'ZES, n. [Fr. assises, and sometimes 
so written in EngUsh.] 1. Originally, an assembly of 
knights and other substantial men, with a bailiff or jus- 
tice, for public business. 2. A court in England, held in 
every county by special commission to one of the judges, 
who is called a justice of the assize, and empowered to 
take assizes, that is, the verdict of a jury called the assize. 
3. A jury. 4. A writ. 5. A particular species of rents. 
6. The time or place of holding the court of assize. 7. In 
a more general sense, any court of justice. 8. A statute 
of regulation ; an ordinance rt-gulating the weight, meas- 
ure, and price of articles sold in market ; and hence the 
word came to signify the weight, measure, or price itself 
This word is, in a certain sense, now corrupted into size, 
wliich see. 

AS-SiZE', V. t. To fix the weight, measure, or price ot 
commodities, by an ordinance or regulation of authority. 

AS-SlZ'ED, (as-slzd') pp. Regulated in weight, measure, 
or price, by an assize or ordinance. 

AS-SrZ'ER, 71. An officer who has the care or inspection of 
weights and measures. 

AS-SlZ'OR, 77. In Scotland, a juror. Bailey. 

ASS'-LIKE, a. Resembling an ass. Sidney. 

t AS-So'BER, 75. f. To keep under. Oower. 

AS-SO-CIA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being capable of 
association ; the quality of suffering some change by sym- 
pathy. Darwin. 

AS-So'CIA-BLE, (as-so'sha-bl) a. 1. That may be joined 
to or associated. — 2. In a medical sense, liable to be af- 
fected by sympathy. 

AS-So'CIATE, (as-so'shate) v. t. [Fr. associer ; L. associo.] 
I. To join in company, as a friend, companion, partner, 
or cjjnfederate. 2. To unite in the same mass. 

AS-So'CIATE, V. i. 1. To unite in company ; to keep com- 
pany, implying intimacy. 2. To unite in action, or be 
affected by tlie action of a different part of the body. 

AS-SO'CIATE, a. Joined in interest, purpose, or office ; 
confederate. 

AS-So'CIATE, 71. 1. A companion ; one frequently in 
company with another ; a mate ; a fellow. 2. A partner 
in interest, as in business ; or a confederate in a league. 
3. A companion in a criminal transaction ; an accomplice. 

AS-So'CIA-TED, pp. United in company or in interest ; 
joined. 

AS-So'CIATE-SHIP, n. The state or office of an associate 
Encyc. 

AS-So'CIA-TING, ppr. Uniting in company or in interest , 
joining. 

AS-SO-CI-A'TION, 77. 1. The act of associating ; union ; 
connection of persons. 2. Union of persons in a company ; 
a society formed for transacting or carrying on some busi- 
ness for mutual advantage ; a partnership ; a confederacy 

3. Union of things ; apposition, as of particles of matter 

4. Union or connection of ideas. An association of ideas, 
is where two or more ideas constantly or naturally follow 
each other in the mind, so that one almost infallibly pro- 
duces the other. 5. An exertion or change of some ex- 
treme part of the sensory residing in the muscles or organs 
of sense, in consequence of some antecedent or attendant 
fibrous contractions. Darioin. — 6 In ecclesiastical affairs, 
a society of the clergy. 



* See Synopsis. M5VE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K : (^^ as J : S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



TV. 

ASS "^^^ \ '58 

AS-SO-CIa'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to an association of 
clergymen. 

AS-So'CIA-Ti VE, a. Having tlie quality of associating, or 
of being affected by sympathy 

t AS-SO-CiArOR, n. A confederate. Dryden. 

\ AS-SO£L', V. t. [Old Fr. ; L,. ahsoloo.} To solve ; to re- 
lease ; to absolve. Mede 

fAS-SUlL', w t. [Ft.sGuiller.'] To soil ; to stain. 

AS'SO-NANCE, 71. [Fr.] Resemblanceof sounds,— In rAet- 
oric and poetry^ a resemblance in sound or terminatirn, 
withou' making rhyme. 

ASSO-NAiN'T, a. Having a resemblance of sounds. 

f AS'SO-NATE, V. i. [L. assoiio.] To sound like a bell. 

A.<SORT', V. t. [Fr. assortir.] 1. To separate and dis- 
tribute into classes. 2. To furnish with all sorts. 

AS-S( >RT', V. i. To agree ; to be in accordance vi'ith. 

AS-SORTED, pp. 1. Distributed into sorts, kinds, or 
classes. 2. Furnished with an assortment. Burke. 

AS-SORT ING, ppr. Separating into sorts •, supplying with 
an assortment. 

AS-SORT'MENT, n. 1. The act of distributing into sorts. 
2. A mass or quantity ofVarious kinds or sorts ; or a num- 
ber of things assorted. 

f AS-SOT', V. t. To infatuate ; to besot. Spenser. 

AS-S(Ja6E', (as-swaje') v. t. To soften ; to allay, mitigate, 
ease, or lessen, as pain or grief; to appease or pacify, as 
passion or tumult. 

AS-SUa6E', v. i. To abate or subside. Gen. viii. 

AS-SUa6'ED, (as-swajd') pp. Allayed ; mitigated ; eased ; 
aT>peased. 

AS-SUa6E'MENT, n. Mitigation ; abatement. 

AS-SUaG'ER, 71. One who allays ; that which mitigates or 
abates. 

Aa-SUA6'ING, ppr. Allaying ; mitigating ; appeasing 5 
abating. 

AS-SJa'SIVE, a. Softening ; mitigating ; tranquilizing. 
Pope. 

t AS-SUB'JECT, v. t. [Fr. assoubjectir.] To make subject. 

t AS-SUB'JU-GATE, v. t. To subject to. Shak. 

t AS-SLrE-FA€'TION, n. [L. assuefacio.] The act of ac- 
customing. Bro7j)n. 

AS'SUE-TUDE, (as'swe-tude) n. [L. assuetudo.] Custom ; 
hamt •, habitual use. Bacon. 

AS-SUME', V. t. [L. assumo.] 1. To take, or take upon 
one. 2. To arrogate ; to seize unjustly. 3. To take for 
granted, or without proof-, to suppose as a fact. 

AS-SUxME', V. i. 1. To be arrogant ; to claim more than is 
due. — 2. In law, to take upon one's self an obligation ; 
to undertake or promise. 

AS-SuM'ED, (,as-sumd') pp. Taken ; arrogated ; taken 
without proof 5 pretended. 

f A3-Su'MENT, «. [Ij. assumentam.] A piece or patch set on. 

AS-SuM'ER, 71. One who assumes ; an arrogant person. 

AS-SuM'xNG ppr. Taking ; arrogating ; taking for grant- 
ed ;_ pretending. 

AS-SuM'ING, a. Taking or disposed to take upon one's 
selfmore than is just ; hauglity ; arrogant. 

AS-SuMTNG, 71. Presumption. Juvson. 

AS-SUMP'SIT, n. [pret. tense of L. assiimo.] 1. In law, 
a promise or undertaking founded on a consideration. 
2. An action founded on a promise. 

tAS-SUMPT', w. t. To take up; to raise. Sheldon. 

t AS-SUMPT', n. That which is assumed. 

AS-SUMP'TION, n. [L. assiimptio.] 1. The act of taking 
to one's self. 2. The act of taking for granted ; supposi- 
tion. 3. The thing supposed ; a postulate or proposition 
assumed. — In locric, the minor or second proposition in a 
categorical syllogism. 4. A consequence drawn from the 
proposition of whicli an argument is composed. 5. Un- 
dertaking ; a taking upon one's self. Kent. — 6. In tlie 
Rmnlsk church, the taking up a person into heaven, as 
the Virgin Mary. Also, a festival in honor of the mirac- 
ulous ascent of Mary. 7. Adoption. 

AS-SUMP'TIVE, a. That is or may be assumed. 

.4S-SU'RANCE, (as-shQ'-ranse) ?;. [Fr.] 1. The act of as- 
suring. 2. Firm persuasion ; full confidence or trust ; 
freedom from doubt ; certain expectation ; tlie utmost 
certainty. 3. Firmness of mind ; undoubting steadiness ; 
intrepidity. 4. Excess of boldness ; impudence. 5. 
Freedom from excessive modesty, timidity, or bashful- 
ness ; laudable confidence. 6. Insurance ; a contract to 
make good a loss. [Sse Insurance.] 7. Any writing or 
legal evidence of the conveyance of property. 8. Con- 
viction. — 9. In theoloffy, full confidence of one's interest 
in Christ, and of final salvation. 

AS-SuRE', (ash-shure') ". t. [Fr. assurer.] ]. To make 
certain ; to give confidence by a promise, declaration, or 
other evidence. 2. To confirm ; to make certain or se- 
cure. 3. To embolden ; to make confident. 4. To make 
secure, with of before the object secured. 5. To afliance ; 
to betroth. \dbs,] Shak. 6. To insure ; lo covenant to 
indemnify for loss. See Insure. 
AS-SUR'ED, (ash shurd') iJp. Made certain or confident; 
made secure ; insured. I 



AST- — .. 

AS-SUR'ED, (ash-shur'-ed, or ash-shiird') a. Certain ; indtt- 

bitable ; not doubting ; bold to excess. 
AS-SuR'ED-LY, (ash-shur'-ed-ly) adv. Certainly ; indubi- 
tably. 
AS-SuR'ED-NESS, (ash-shur'-ed-ness) n. The state of be- 
ing assured ; certainty ; full confidence. 
AS-SUR'ER, (ash-shur'-er) n. One who assures ; one who 

insures against loss ; an insurer or underwriter. 
AS-SUE'6ENT, a. [L. assurgens, assurgo.] Rising up- 
wards in an arch Eaton. 
AS-SU R'iNG, ppr. Making sure or confident ; giving secu ■ 

rity ; confirming. 
AS-SVVaGE'. See Assuage. 

AS'TA-CITE, I n. [Gr. aaraKos and \idos.] Petrified 
AS'TA-€0-L1TE, ) or fossil craw-fish, and other crusta- 

ceous animals ; called also cancriles, crabites, and gam- 

marolites. 
AS'TE-ISM, n. [Gr. ao-reiof.] In rhetoric, genteel irony ; a 

polite and ingenious manner of deriding another 
AS'TER, 71. [Gr. aarijp.] A genus of plants with compound 

flowers. 
AS-Te'RI-AS, or AS'TER, n. [Gr. aarri^.l Stella marina, 

sea-star, or star-fish. 
AS-Te'RI-A-TED, a. Radiated ; presenting diverging rays, 

like a star. Cleaveland. 
AS-Te'RI-A-TITE, n. Petrified asterias. 
ASfTER-ISK, n. [Gr. aaTEpicKo<;.] The figure of a star, 

thus. *, used in printing and writing. 
AS'TER-ISM, 7). [Gr. aaTepicrjioi.] 1. A constellation ; a 

sign in the zodiac. 2. An asterisk, or mark of reference. 
AS'TE-RITE, or star-stone. See Astrite. 
A-STERN', adv. 1. In or at the hinder part of a ship ; or 

towards the hinder part, or backwards. 2. Behind a 

ship, at any indefinite distance. 
AS'TE-ROID, 71, [Gr. aaryp and £1605.] A name given by 

Herschel to the newly discovered planets between the 

orbits of Mars and Jupiter. 
AS-TE-ROID'AL, a. Resembling a star; or pertaining to 

the asteroids. Journ. of Science. 
AS'TE-RO-PODE, ) n. [Gr. acrnp and irovs, -koSos.] A 

AS-TE-RO-Po'DI-UM, \ kind of extraneous fossil. En- 

cyc. 
t AS-TERT', V. t. To startle. Spenser. 
AS-THEN 'I€, (as-ten'ik) a. [Gr. a and cBevog.] Weak ; 

characterized by extreme debility. 
AS-THE-NOL'0-6Y, n. [Gr. a, cdevog, and \oyos.] The 

doctrine of diseases arising from debility. 
ASTH'MA, (ast'ma) n. [Gr. acBpa.] A shortness of breath ; 

intermitting difficulty of breathing, with cough, strait- 

ness, and wheezing. 
ASTH-MAT'lC, a. Pertaining to asthma ; also, affected by 

asthma, 
t AS-TIP'U-LATE, for Stipulate. 
fAS-TIP-U-LA'TlON, for Stipulation. 
t AS-ToNE', or t AS-TON'Y, 7;. t. [See Astonish.] Toter- 

rify or astonish. Chaucer. 

\ Al-TON'fED I PP' -Astonished. Spenser. Milton. 

t AS-TON'IED-NESS, n. The state of being astonished 
Barret. 

AS-TON'ISH, V. t. [Old Fr. estonner, now itonner ; L. at- 
tono.] To stun or strike dumb with sudden fear, terror, 
surprise, or wonder ; to amaze ; to confound with some 
sudden passion. 

AS-TON'ISHED, pp. Amazed ; confounded with fear, sur- 
prise, or admiration. 

AS-TON'ISH-ING, p2"'' Amazing; confounding with won- 
der or fear. 

AS-TON'ISII-ING, a. Very wonderful ; of a nature to ex- 
cite great admiration or amazement. 

AS-TON'ISH-ING-LY, adv. In a manner or degree to ex- 
cite amazement. Bp. Fleetwood. 

AS-TON'ISII-ING-NESS, 7i. The quality of exciting aston- 
ishment. 

AS-TON'ISH-MENT, n. Amazement ; confusion of mind 
from fear, surprise, or admiration, at on extraordinary or 
unexpected event. 

AS-TOUND', V. t. To astonish ; to strike dumb with 
amazement. [From Old Fr. estonner.] 

t AS- TOUND', 7;. i. To shake ; to stun. Thomson. 

A-STRAD'DLE, adv. With the legs across a thing, or on 
different sides. 

AS'TRA-GAL, n. [Gr. acTpayaXo^-'] I. In architecture, a 
little round molding, which surrounds the top or bottom of 
a column, in the form of a ring. — 2. In gunnery, a round 
molding on cannon near the mouth. — 3. In anatomy, the 
huckle, ankle, or sling bone ; the upper bone of the foot, 
supporting the tibia. Coze. — 4. In botany, the wood-pea ; 
the milk vetch; the licorice vetch. ' . 

AS'TRAL, a. [L. astrxLm ; Gr. aarrjp.] Belonging to the 
stars ; starry. Dryden. 

A-STRaY', adv. Out of the right way, or proper place. 



* Sec Synopsis. A_ 13. I, o, V, Y, long.— F All, FALL, WH/^T }— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



ASY 



59 



ATL 



AS-TRe'A, 71. [Gr. aarrip.] The goddess of justice. Encyc. 

AS-TR1€T', V. t. [L. astrinffo, astrictus.] To bind fast, or 
compress. [JVot much used.'] 

AS-T11I€T', a. Compendious ; contracted. Weever. 

AS-TR1€T'ED, pp. Bound fast ; compressed with ban- 
dages. 

AS-TR1€T ING, ppr. Binding close ; compressing ; con- 
traccing. 

AS-TR1€'T10N, n. 1. The act of binding close. 2. A 
contraction of parts by applications ; the stopping of hem- 
orrhages. Coze. 

AS-TR]€T'IVE, a. Binding •, compressing ; styptic. 

AS-TR[€TO-RY, a. Astringent ; binding ; apt to bind. 

A-STRlDE', adv. With the legs open. Hudihras. 

AS-TRIF'£R-OUS, a. [L. astrifer.] Bearing or containing 
stars. {Little used.] 

t AS-TRIG'ER-OUS, a. [Low L. astriger.] Bearing stars. 

AS-TRINGE', V. t. [L. astringo.] To compress ; to con- 
tract by pressing the parts together. 

AS-TRIJNG'ED, (as-trinjd') pp. Compressed ; straitened ; 
contracted. 

AS-TRING'EN-CY, n. The power of contracting the parts 
of the body ; that qnality in medicines which binds, con- 
tracts, or strengthens parts which are relaxed. 

AS-TRINg'ENT, a. Binding ; contracting ; strengthening ; 
opposed to laxative. 

AS-TRIA'G'ENT, n. An astringent medicine. 

AS-TRIN6'ER, n, A falconer that keeps a goss hawk. 

AS-TRING'ING, ppr. Compressing ; binding fast ; con- 
tracting. 

AS-TRITE , n. [Gr. ttorvp.] An extraneous fossil, called 
also asteria and astroit. 

AS-TROG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. airrrip, or aarpov, and ypacpw.] 
A description of the stars, or the science of describing 
them. 

AS'TROIT, n. 1. Star-stone. [See Astrite.] 2. A species 
of petrified madrepore. 

AS'TRO-LABE, n. [Gr. aarTtip and Xa^ELV.] 1. An instru- 
ment formerly used for taking the altitude of the sun or 
stars at sea. 2. A stereographic projection of the sphere. 
3. Among the ancients ^ the same as the modern armillary 
sphere. 

AS-TROL'0-6ER, ) n. [L. astrologus.,\ 1. One who 

AS-TRO-Lo'GI-AN, \ professes to foretell future events 
by the aspects and situation of the stars. .Bstrologian is 
little used. 2. Formerly, one who understood the mo- 
tions of the planets without predicting. Raleigh. 

it7rlo±o%\%i., I ''■ Pertaining to astrology. 

AS-TRO-LOG'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of astrology. 

AS-TROL 0-GlZE, v. i. To practice astrology. 

AS-TROL O-GY, n. A science which leaches to judge of 
tlie effects and influences of the stars, and to foretell fu- 
ture events, by their situation and different aspects. 

AS-TRON'O-MER, n. One who is versed in astronomy. 

aItRoInOM'iSaL, i «• Pertaining to astronomy. 

AS-TRO-NOM'I-€AL-LY, adv. In an astronomical man- 
ner ; by the principles of astronomy. 

AS-TRON'O-AliZE, v. u To study astronomy. Brown. 
[Little used.] 

AS-TRON'0-MY, n. [Gr. aarpov and vof/os.] The science 
which teaches the knowledge of the celestial bodies, 
their magnitudes, motions, distances, periods of revolu- 
tion, aspects, eclipses, order, &c. 

ASTRO-SCOPE, n. [Gr. aarpov and (TKo-neu).] An astro- 
nomical instrument. 

AS'TRO-Se')-PV", 71. Observation of the stars. 

AS'TEO-TilE-OL'O-GY, n. [L. astrum and theologia.] 
Theology founded on the observation of the celestial 
bodies. 

A-^'TRUT', adv. In a strutting manner. 

i A-aTUN', V. t. To stun. 

AS-TuTE', a. [L. astutus.] Shrewd ; sharp ; eagle-eyed ; 
critically examining or discerning. 

A-SUND'ER, adv. [Sax. asundrian.] Apart ; into parts ; 
separately •, in a divided state. 

f A-SWOON , adv. In a swoon. Qower. 

A-SY'LUM, n. [L.] I. A sanctuary, or place of refuge, 
where criminals and debtors shelter themselves from jus- 
tice. 2. Any place of retreat and security. 

A-SYM'ME-TRAL, ) a. [See Symmetry.] Not having 

AS-YM-MET'RT-CAL, \ symmetry. More. [Little used.] 

A-SYMME-TRY, 7!. [Gr. a KnA (rvnntrpia.] The want of 
proportion between the parts of a thing. 

AS YMP-TOTE, n. [Gr. a, gvv, and rrow.] A line which 
approaches nearer and nearer to some curve, but, though 
infinitely extended, would never meet it. 

AS-YMP-TOT'I-€AL, a. Belonging to an asymptote. 

A-SYN'DE-TOIN, n. [Gr. a and o-ui/(5£w.] In grammar, a 
figure which omits the connective ; as, veni, vidi, vici. 
Campbell. 



AT, prep. [ <ax mt ; Goth, at.] In general, at denotes near- 
ness or presence ; as, at the ninth hour, at the house , but 
it is less definite than in or on , at the house, may be in 
or near the house. It denotes, also, totvards, versus ; as, 
to aim an arrow at a mark. From this original import 
are derived all the various uses of at. At the sight, is 
witli, present, ^r coming the sight ; at this news, present 
the news, on or with the approach or arrival of this news. 
At peace, at war, in a state of peace or war, peace or 
war existing, being present ; at ease, at play, at a loss, 
&c., convey the like idea. 

AT A-B AL, n. [Sp.] A kettle drum ; a kind of tabor 

A-TA€'A-MITE, n. A muriate of copper. 

AT'A-GAS, n. The red cock or moor-game. 

AT-A-MAS'€0, n. A species of lily of the genus ama' 
ryllis. 

AT'A-RAX-Y, n. [Gr. aTapa')(os.] Calmness of mind ; a 
term used by the Stoics. 

A-TAX'Y, n. [Gr. a and ra^ti-] Want of order } disturb 
ance ; irregularity in the functions of the body. 

ATCHE, 7!. In Turkey, a small silver coin, value about 
six or ?even mills. 

ATE, the preterit oteat, which see. 

a'TE, (a'-ty) 71. [Gr. art].] In pagan mythology, the god- 
dess of mischief. 

A-TEL'LAN, a. Relating to the dramas at Atella. 

A-TEL'LAN, n. A dramatic representation, satirical or li- 
centious. Shaftes^mry. 

A TEMP'O GI-US'TO. [It.] A direction in music, which 
signifies to sing of play in an equal, true, or just time. 

ATH-A-Na'SIAN, a. Pertaining to Athanasius or hia 
creed. 

ATH-A-Na'SIAN, n. He who espoused the doctrine of 
Athanasius. Waterland. 

ATH'A-NOR, n. A digesting furnace, formerly used in 

_ chemical operations, 

A'THE-ISM, n. The disbelief of the existence of a God, or 
supreme intelligent Being. 

A'THE-IST, 71. [Gr. ab^og.] One who disbelieves the ex- 

_ istence of a God, or supreme intelligent Being. 

A'THE-IST, a. Atheistical ; disbelieving or denying the 
being of a supreme God. 

A-TIlE-ISTie, I a. 1. Pertaining to atheism. 2. Dis- 

A-THE-1ST'I-€AL, \ believing the existence of a God : 
impious. 3. Implying or containing atheism. 

A-THE-IST'I-€AL-LY, adv. In an atheistic manner; im- 
piously. - 

A-THE-IST'I-CAL-NESS, n. The quality of being athe- 
istical. _ 

t a'THE-iZE, v. i. To discourse as an atheist. 

A-THEL, A-DEL, or ^-THEL, noble, of illustrious birth. 
Sax. cnde.l, (sthel ; G. adel ; as in Atheling, a noble 
youth ; Ethelred, noble counsel. 

ATH-E-Ne'UM, n. A reading-room. 

A-THe'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Athens, the metropolis of 
Attica, in Greece. 

A-THe'NI-AN, 71. A native or inhabitant of Athens. 

ATH-E-0-Lo'GI-AN,?i. One who is opposed to a theologian. 

T ATH-E-OL'0-GY, n. Atheism. Swift. 

t A'THE-OUS, a. Atheistic •, impious. Milton. 

ATH'E-RINE, or ATII-E-RI'NA, n. A genus of fishes of 
the abdominal order. 

ATH-B-RO'MA, or ATH'E-ROJME, n. [Gr. from aQr,pa.'\ 
An encj^sted tumor. 

ATH-E-ROM'A-TOUS, a. Pertaining to or resembling an 
atherome. Wiseman. 

A-THiRST', a. I. Thirsty ; wanting drink. 2. Having a 
keen appetite or desire. 

ATH'LeTE, n. A contender for victory. 

ATH-LET'I€, a. [Gr. aO\nTri?.] 1. Belonging to wres- 
tling, boxing, running, and other exercises. 2. Strong , 
lusty ; robust ; vigorous. 

A-THWART', prep. 1. Across ; from side to side ; trans- 
verse.— 2. In marine language, across the line of a ship's 
course ; as, a fleet standing athwart our course. Mar 
Diet. 

A-THWART', adv. In a manner to cross and perplex , 
crossly 5 wrong; wrongfully. 

A-TILT', adv. 1. In the manner of a tilter ; in the posi- 
tion, or with the action, of a man making a thrust. 2. In 
the manner of a cask tilted, or with one end raised. 

AT'I-MY, n. [Gr. arijxia.] In ancient Greece, disgrace ; 
exclusion from office or magistracy, by some disqualify- 
ing act or decree. 

AT-LAr^'TI-AN, or AT-LAN-TE'AN, a. 1. Pertaining to 
the isle Atlantis, which the ancients alledge was sunk 
and overwhelmed by the ocean. 2. Pertaining to Atlas ; 
resembling Atlas. 

AT-LAN'Tl€, a [from Atlas or Atlantis ] Pertaining to 
the Atlantic ocean. 

AT-LAN'Tie, u The ocean, or that part of the ocean, 
which is between Europe and Africa on the east and 
America on the west. 



♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



ATT 



60 



ATT 



AT-LAN'Tr-€A, or AT-LAN'TfS, n. An isle mentioned 
by the an'>,ients, situated west of Gades, or Cadiz, on the 
strait of Gibraltar. 

AT-LAN'Ti-DES, n. A name given to tlie Pleiades or seven 
stars, 

AT-LAN'TIS, n. A fictitious piiilosopliical commonwealth 
of Lord Bacon, or the piece describing it. 

AT LAS, n. J. A collection of maps in a volume ; supposed 
to be so called from a picture of mount Atlas, supporting 
the heavens, prefixed to some collection. Johnson. 2. A 
large, square folio, leserabling a volume of maps. 3. The 
supporters of a building. 4. A silk satin, or stuff, manu- 
factured in the East. 5. The first veitebre of the neck. 
6 A term iipplied to paper, as atlas fine. 

AT-MOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. ar/ioj and yiCTpew.\ An instru- 
ment to measure the quantity of exhalation from a humid 
surface in a given time ; an evaporometer. 

AT'MOS-PHERE, n. [Gr. arfiog and acpai^a.] The whole 
mass of fluid, consisting of air, aqueous and other vapors, 
surrounding the earth. 

AT-MOS-FHER'I€, ) a. 1. Pertaining to the atmosphere, 

AT-M0S-PHER'1-€AL, \ 2. Dependent on the atmosphere. 

AT'OM, n. [Gr. aroixos , L. atomiis.] 1. A particle of mat- 
ter so minute as to admit of no division. 2. The ultimate 
or smallest component part of a body. 3. Any thing ex- 
tremely small. 

A-TOiM'£€, I a. Pertaining to atoms ; consisting of 

A-TOM't-€AL, \ atoms ; extremely mhiute. 

AT'OM-ISM, n. The doctrine of atoms. 

AT'OM-IST, 7/,. One who holds to the atomical philosophy, 

AT'OM-LIKE, a. Resembling atoms. Browne. 

AT'O-MY, n. A word used by Shakspeare for atom ; also an 
abbreviation oi anatomy. 

AT-OiVE', ado. [at and one.'] At one ; together. Spenser. 

A-ToNE', V. i. [supposed to be compounded of ai and one.] 
1. To agree ; to be in accordance ; to accord. [This sense 
is obsolete.] 2. To stand as an equivalent ; to make rep- 
aration, amends or satisfaction for an offense or a crime. 
3. To atone for, to make conrpensation or amends. 

A-ToNE', V. t. 1. To expiate ; to answer or make satisfac- 
tion for. Pope. 2. To reduce to concord ; to appease. 
[Jyot now iLsed.] 

A-ToN'ED, (a-tond') ;;p. Expiated; appeased; reconciled. 

A-ToNE'MENT, n. 1. Agreement; concord; reconcilia- 
tion after enmity or controversy. Rom.Y. 2. Expiation; 
satisfaction or reparation made by giving an equivalent 
for an injury, — 3, In theology, the expiation of sin made 
by the obedience and personal sufferings of Christ, 

A-ToN'ER, ?t. He who makes atonement. 

A-TON'ie, a. Relaxed; debilitated, 

A-ToN'ING, ppr. 1. Reconciling. 2. Making amends, or 
satisfaction. 

AT 0-NY, n. [Gr. arovia.] Debility ; relaxation ; a want 
of tone or tension ; defect of muscular power ; palsy. 

A-TOP', adv. On or at the top. Milton. 

AT-RA-BI-La'RI-AN, ( a. [L, atra bills.] Affected with 

AT RA-BI-La'RI-OUS, \ melancholy, which the ancients 
attributed to the bile ; replete with black bile, 

AT-RA-Bl-LA'Rl-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being melan- 
choly, or affected with disordered bile, 

AT-RA-MENT'AL, ) a. [L, atramentum.] Inky ; black 

AT-RA-MENT'OUS, \ like ink, 

AT-RA-MEN-Ta'RI-OUS, a. Like ink ; suitable for mak- 
ing ink. 

t A'TRED, a. [L. ater.] Tinged with a black color. 

A-TRfP', adv. In nautical language, the anchor is atrip, 
when drawn out of the ground in a perpendicular direc- 
tion^ 

A-TRo'CIOUS, a. [L. atrox.] 1. Extremely heinous, crim- 
inal or cru€l ; enormous ; outrageous, 2. Very griev- 
ous ;^ violent. Obs. 

A-TRo'CIOUS-LY, adv. In an atrocious manner ; with 
enormous cruelty or guilt. 

A-TRo'CIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being enormously 
criminal or cruel. 

A-TROC'I-TY, n. Enormous wickedness ; extreme hein- 
ousness or cruelty. 

ATRO-PHY, n. [Gr. a and rpecfxi) ] A consumption or 
wasting of the fiesh, with loss of strength, without any 
sensible cause or hectic fever; a wasting from defect of 
nourisjhment. 

A-TRo'Pl-A, n. A vegetable alkali extracted from the 
atropa belladonna, or deadly nightshade. 

AT-TACH', V. t. [Fr, attacker.] 1. To take by legal au- 
thority ; to arrest the person by writ, to answer for a 
debt, 2. To take, seize and lay hold on, by moral force, 
as by affection or interest ; to win the heart ; to fasten or 
bind by moral influence, 3, To make to adhere ; to tie, 
bind or fasten. 

AT-TACH'A-BLE, a. That may be legally attached ; lia- 
ble to be taken by writ or precept, 

AT-TACH'ED, (at-tachf) pp. Taken by writ or precept ; 
drawn to and fixed, or united by affection or interest. 



AT-TACH'ING, ppr. Taking or seizing by commandment 
or writ ; drawing to, and fixing by influence ; winning 
the affections. 

AT-TACH'MENT, n. L A taking of the person, goods cr 
estate by a writ or precept in a civil action, to secure a 
debt or demand, 2, A writ directing the person or estate 
of a person to be taken, to secure his appearance before a 
court. 3. Close adherence or affection ; fidelity ; regard ; 
any passion or affection that binds a person. 

AT-tA€K , V. t. [Fr. attaquer.] 1. To assault ; to fall upon 
with force ; to assail, as with force and arms. 2. To fall 
upon with unfriendly words or writing ; to begin a con- 
troversy with. 

AT-TACK', n. An onset ; first invasion ; a falling on, with 
force or violence, or with calumny, satire or criticism. 

AT-TA€K'ED, (at-takf) pp. Assaulted ; invaded ; faUen 
on by force or enmity. 

AT-TACK'ER, n. One who assaults or invades. 

AT-TA€K'ING, ppr. Assaulting ; invading ; falling on 
with force, calumny or criticism. 

AT-TA-€OT'TI€, a. Pertaining to the Attacotti, a tribe of 
ancient Britons, allies of the Scots. 

AT'TA-GEN, 7i. A beautiful fowl, resembling the pheas- 
ant. 

AT-TaIN', v. i. [Fr. and Norm, atteindre.] 1. To reach ; 
to come to or arrive at. 2. To reach ; to come to or ar- 
rive ^t, by an effort of mind. 

AT-TaIN', v. t. 1. To gain ; to compass ; to achieve or ac 
complish, that is, to reach by efforts, 2, To reach or come 
to a place or object by progression or motion. 3. To reach 
in excellence or degree ; to equal. 

t AT-TaIN', 7t. Attainment. Olanville. 

AT-TaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be attained ; that may be 
reached. 

AT-TaIN'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being attain- 
able. 

AT-TaIN'DER, 77. [Norm. Fr, atteindre.] 1. Literally, a 
staining, corruption, or rendering impure ; a corruption 
of blood, 2. The judgment of death, or sentence of a 
competent tribunal upon a person convicted of treason or 
felony, which judgment attaints, taints or corrupts his 
blood, so that he can no longer inherit lands. 3. The act 
of attainting. 

AT-TaIN'MENT, n. 1. The act of attaining ; the act of ar- 
riving at or reaching. 2. That which is attained to, or 
obtained by exertion ; acquisition, 

AT-TaINT', v. t. I. To tahit or corrupt ; to extinguish the 
pure or inheritable blood of a person found guilty of trea- 
son or felony. 2. To taint, as the credit of jurors, con- 
victed of giving a false verdict. 3. To disgrace ; to stain 
4, To taint or corrupt, Shak. 

AT-TaINT', (at-tantO n. 1. A stain, snot or taint. Shak. 

2. Any thing injurious ; that which impairs. [Obs.] Shak. 

3. A blow or wound on the hinder feet of a horse. 4. A 
writ which lies after judgment against a jury for giving a 
false verdict in any court of record. 

fAT-TAINT', part. a. Convicted. 

AT-TaINT'ED, pp. Stained ; corrupted ; rendered infa^ 
mous ; rendered incapable of inheriting. 

AT-TaINT'ING, ppr. Staining ; corrupting ; rendering in- 
famous by judicial act ; depriving of inheritable blood. 

AT-TaINT'MENT, n. The being attainted. 

AT-TaINT'URE, n. A staining or rendering infamous ; 
reproach ; imputation. 

t AT-TAM'IN-ATE, v. t. [L, attamino.] To corrupt. 

t AT-TASK', V. t. To task ; to tax. Shak. 

t AT-TaSTE', v. t. To taste. 

AT-TEM'PER, v. t. [L, attempero.] 1. To reduce, modify 
or moderate by mixture, 2, To soften, mollify or moder- 
ate, 3, To mix in just proportion ; to regulate. 4. To 
accommodate ; to fit or make suitable. 

t AT-TEM'PER-ANCE, n. Temperance. Chaucer. 

AT-TEM'PER-ATE, a. [L. attemperatus.] Tempered ; 
proportioned ; suited. 

t AT-TEM'PER-ATE, v. t. To attemper. 

AT-TEM'PERED, pp. Reduced in quality ; moderated : 
softened ; well mixed ; suited, 

AT-TEM'PER-ING, j9;)r. Moderating in quality ; softening ; 
mixing in due proportion ; making suitable, 

t AT-TEM'PER-LY, adv. In a temperate manner. 

AT-TEMTER-MENT, 7i. A tempering or proportioning 
Dr. Chalmers. 

AT-TEMPT', V. t. [Fr. attenter.] 1. To make an effort to 
effect some object ; to make trial or experiment ; to try , 
to endeavor ; to use exertion for any purpose. 2. To at- 
tack ; to make an effort upon. 

AT-TEMPT', n. An essay, trial or endeavor; an attack; 
or an effort to gain a point. 

AT-TEMPT' A-BLE, a. That may be attempted, tried or 
attacked ; liable to an attempt. 

AT-TEMPT'ED, pp. Essayed ; tried ; attacked. 

AT-TEMPT'ER, n. One who attempts, or attacks. 

AT-TEMPT'ING, ppr. Trying ; essaying ; making an ef- 
fort to gain a point ; attacking. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAB., FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete 



ATT 



63 



ATT 



AT-TEND', V. t. [L. attendo ; Fr. attendre.] 1. Togo with, 
or accompany, as a companion, minister or servant. 2. To 
be present ; to accompany or be united to. 3. To be con- 
sequent to, from connection of cause, 4. To await ; to 
remain, abide or be in store for. 5. To wait for ; to lie in 
wait. 6. To wait or stay for. 7. To accompany with 
solicitude ; to regard. 8. To regard ; to fix the mind 
upon. 9. To expect. [JVot in use.] Raleigh. 

AT-TEND', V. i. 1. To listen ; to regard with attention ; fol- 
lowed by to. 2. To fix the attention upon, as an object 
of pursuit ; to he busy or engaged in. 3. To wait on ; to 
accompany or be present, in pursuance of duty ; with 07i 
or upon. 4. To wait on, in service or worship ; to serve, 
(j. To stay ; to delay. Obs. 7. To wait ; to be within 
call. Spenser. 

AT-TEND'ANCE, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of waiting on, or 
serving. 2. A waiting on ; a being present on business 
of any kind. 3. Service ; ministry. 4. The persons at- 
tending 5 a train ; a retinue. 5. Attention ; regard ; care- 
ful application of mind. 6. Expectation. [Obs.] Hooker. 

AT-TEND' ANT, a. 1. Accompanying ; being present, or in 
the train. 2. Accompanying, connected with, or imme- 
diately following, as consequential. — 3. In law, depending 
on or owing service to. 

AT-TEND' ANT, n. 1. One who attends or accompanies •, 
one who belongs to the train. 2. One who is present. 3. One 
who owes service to or depends on another. 4. That 
which accompanies or is consequent to. 

AT-TEND'ED, pp. Accompanied ; having attendants ; 
served ; waited on. 

AT-TEND'ER, n. One who attends ; a companion ; an as- 
sociate. [Little used.] 

AT-TEND'ING, ppr. Going with ; accompanying ; wait- 
ing on ; being present ; serving ; listening. 

t AT-TEND'ING-LY, adv. With attention. Oley. 

AT-TENT', a. Attentive. 2 Chron. vi. 

AT-TENT'ATES, n. Proceedings in a coiul; of judicature, 
after an inhibition is decreed. 

AT-TEN'TION, n. 1. The act of attending or heeding. 
2. Act of civility, or courtesy. 

AT-TENT'IVE, a. [Fr. attentif.] Heedful ; intent ; ob- 
servant ; regarding with care. 

AT-TENT'lVE-LY, adv. Heedfully ; carefully ; with fixed 
attention. 

AT-TENT'IVE-NESS, n. The state of being attentive ; 
heedfulness ; attention. 

AT-TEN'U-ANT, a. Making thin, as fluids ; diluting ; 
rendering less dense and viscid. 

AT-TEN'U-ANT, n. A medicine which thins the humors, 
subtilizes their parts, dissolves viscidity, and disposes the 
fluids to motion, circulation and secretion ; a diluent. 

AT-TEN'U-ATE, v. t. [L. attenuo.] 1. To make thin or 
less consistent ; to subtilize or break the humors of the 
body into finer parts ; to render less viscid. 2. To com- 
minute ; to break or wear solid substances into finer or 
very minute parts. 3. To make slender ; to reduce in 

AT-TEN'U-ATE, a. Made thin, or less viscid ; made slender. 

AT-TEN'U-A-TED, pp. Made thin or less viscid ; commi- 
nuted ; made slender. — In botany, growing slender to- 
wards the point. 

AT-TEN'U-A-TING, ppr. Making thin, as fluids ; making 
fine, as solid substances ; making slender or lean. 

AT-TEN-U-A'TION, n. 1. The act of making thin, as 
fluids. 2. The act of making fine, by comminution or 
attrition. 3. The act or process of making slender, thin 
or lean. 

AT'TER, 71. [Sax. ater.] Corrupt matter. Skinner. 

AT'TER-ATE, v. t. [L. attero.] 1. To wear away. 2. To 
form or accumulate by wearing. 

AT'TER-A-TED, pp. Formed by wearing. Ray. 

AT-TER-A'TION, n. The operation of forming land by the 
wearing of the sea, and the wer.ring of the earth in one 
place and deposition of it in anailier. 

AT'TER-lop' i "• ^ spider. Jforth of England. 

AT-TEST', v.^t. [Fr. attester; h. attestor.] 1. To bear wit- 
ness to ; to certify ; to affirm to be true or genuine ; to 
make a solemn declaration. 2. To bear witness, or support 
the truth of a fact, by other evidence than words. 3. To 
call to witness ; to invoke as conscious. 

AT-TEST', 7!. Witness ; testimony ; attestation. [L. u.] 

AT-TES-Ta'TIOxN, n. Testimony ; witness ; a solenm or 
oflicial declaration. 

AT-TEST'ED, pp. Proved or supported by testimony, sol- 
emn or official ; witnessed ; supported by evidence. 

AT-TEST'ING, ppr. Witnessing •, cailmg to witness ; af- 
firming in support of. 

AT-TEST'OR, n. One who attests. 

AT'Tie, a. [L. Atticus; Gr. Kttiko?.] Pertaining to Attica 
in Greece, or to its principal city, Athens. Thus, .^ttic 
v/it, Attic salt, a poignant, delicate wit, peculiar to the 
Athenians.— ^Mic story, a story in the upper part of a 
house, where the windows are usually square. 



AT'T1€, n. 1. A small square pillar with its cornice on the 
uppermost part of a building. 2. An Athenian j an Athe- 
nian author. 

AT'Tl €AL, a. [L. atticus.] Relating to the style of Athens ; 
pure ; classical. Hammond. 

AT'TI-CISM, n. 1. The peculiar style and idiom of the Greek 
language, used by the Athenians ; refined and elegant 
Greek. 2. A particular attachment to tlie Athenians. 
jyiitfor([. 

AT'TI-CiZE, V. t. To conform or make conformable to the 
language or idiom of Attica. 

AT'Tl-CiZE, V. i. To use Atticisms, or the idiom of the 
Athenians. 

AT'TI€S, n. plu. The title of a book in Pausanias, which 
treats of Attica. 

AT-TfNGE', u. t. [L. attingo.] To touch lightly Diet. 

AT-TlRE', V. t. [Norm, attyrer.] To dress ; to array ; to 
adorn with elegant or splendid garments. 

AT-TlRE', 7t. 1. Dress ; clothes ; habit ; but appropriately^ 
ornamental dress. 2. The horns of a deer. — 3. In botany, 
the generative parts of plants. 

AT-TIR'ED, (at-tird') pp. Dressed ; decked with onia- 
meivts or attire. 

Al'-TlR'ER, n. One who dresses or adorns with attire. 

AT-TlRTNG, ppr. Dressing 5 adorning with dress or attire. 

t AT-TI'TLE, V. t. To entitle. Oower. 

AT'Tl-TUDE. ?!. [Fr. attitude.] 1. In painting and sculp- 
ture, the posture or action in which a figure or statue is 
placed. 2. Posture ; position of things or persons. 

AT-TOL'LENT, a. [L. attollens.] Lifting up; raising. 
Derham. 

AT-TOL'LENT, n. A muscle which raises some part, as 
tlie ear, the tip of the nose, or the upper eye-lid ; other- 
wise called levator or elevator. 

AT-ToNE'. See Atone. 

AT-T6RN', V. i. [L. ad and torno.] In the feudal law, to 
turn, or transfer homage and service from one lord to an- 
other. 

AT-ToRN'EY, n. ; plu. Attorneys. [Norm, attournon.] 
One who is appointed or admitted, in the place of another, 
to manage his matters in law. The word formerly signified 
any person who did any business for another. Attorney- 

fencral is an officer appointed to manage business for the 
ing, the state or public ; and his duiy, in particular, is to 
prosecute persons guilty of crimes. 

t AT-T6RN'EY, v. t. To perform by proxy ; to employ as 
a proxy. Shak. 

AT-T6RN'EY-SHIP, n. The oflice of an attorney ; agency 
for another. Shak. 

AT-ToRN'ING, ppr. Acknowledging a new lord, or trans- 
ferring homage and fealiy to the purchaser of an estate. 

AT-T6RN'MENT, n. The act of a feudatory vassal or ten- 
ant, by which he consents to receive a new lord or supe- 
rior. 

AT-TRA€T', v. t. [L. attraho, attractus.] To draw to ; to 
cause to move towards, and unite with ; to invite or al 
lure ; to engage. 

t AT-TRACT', 71. Attraction. Hudibras. 

AT-TRA€T-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being attracta- 
ble. Asiat. Researches. 

AT-TRACT' A-BLE, a. That may be attracted ; subject to 
attraction. 

AT-TRACT'ED, pp. Drawn towards ; invited ; allured j 
engaged. 

+ AT-TRACT'IC ) 

t AT-TRACT'I-CAL 1 "" ^^^^'"g powex to draw to. Ray. 

AT-TRA€T'ILE, a. That has power to attract. Med. Rep. 

AT-TRACT'ING, ppr. Drawing to or towards ; inviting ; 
alluring ; engaging. 

AT -TRACT' ING-LY, adv. In an attracting manner. 

AT-TR ACTION, n. 1. The power in bodies which is sup- 
posed to draw them together. 2 The act of attracting ; 
the effect of the principle of attraction. 3. Tlie power or 
act of alluring, drawing to, inviting or engaging. 

AT-TRACT'IVE, a. [Fr. attractif.] 1. Having the ruality 
of attracting ; drawing to. 2. Drawing to by moral in 
fluence •, alluring ; inviting ; engaging. 

AT-TRACT'lVE-LY, adv. With the power of attracting, 
or drawing to. 

AT-TRACT'IVE-NESS, n. The quality of being attractive, 
or engaging. 

AT-TRACT'OR, n. The person or thing that attracts. 

*AT-TRa'IIENT, a. [L. attrahens.] Drawing to ; or, as a 
noun, that which draws to. Olanville. 

t AT-TRAP', v. t. To clothe •, to dre-'s. 

AT-TRP:€-Ta'TION, n. [L. attrectatio.] Frequent hand- 
ling. Diet. 

AT-TRIB'U-T A-BLE, a. That may be ascribed, imputed 
or attributed ; ascribable ; imputable. 

AT-TRIB'UTE, -w. t. [1.. attribuo.] 1. To allot or attach, in 
contemplation ; to ascribe ; to consider as belonging. 2. 'Lo 
give as due : to yield as an act of the mind. 3 To iiQ' 
pute, as to a'cause. 

AT'TRI-BUTE, n. 1. That which is attributed ; that which 



* See Synopsis MOVE BOOK , D6VE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH asSH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



AUD 

Is considered as belonging to, or inherent in. 2. Quality ; 
characteristic disposition. 3. A tiling bekmging to an- 
other ; an appendant. 4. Reputation ; honor. Shak. 

AT-TRIB'U-TED,i>;». Ascribed ; yielded as due ; imputed. 

AT-TRIB'U TING, ppr. Ascribhig ; yielding or giving as 
due ; imputing. 

AT-TRI-BU'TION, n. The act of attributing, or the quality 
ascribed ; commendation. 

AT-TRIB'U-TIVE, a. Pertaining to or expressing an attri- 
b'lte, 

AT-TRlB'U-TlVE, n. In grammar, a word significant of 
an attribute ; as an adjective, verb or particle. 

AT-TRiTE', a. [L. attritus.] Worn by rubbing or friction. 
Milton. See Trite. 

AT-TRITE'NESS, n. The being much worn. 

AT-TRi"T10i\, n. 1. Abrasion ; the act of wearing by fric- 
tioTi, or i-iibbing substances together. 2. The state of be- 
ing worn. 3. With divined, grief for sin arising from fear 
of punishment ; the low est desree of repentance. Wallis. 

AT-TUNL', V. t. 1. To make musical. 2. To tune, or put 
in tune ; to adjust one sound to another ; to make accord- 
ant. _ 

AT-TuN'ED, (at-tund') pp. Made musical or harmonious ; 
accommodated in sound. 

AT-TuN'ING, ppr. Putting in tune ; making musical, or 
accordant in sound. 

f A-TW AlN', adtj. In twain ; asunder. Shak. 

t A-TWEEN', adv. Between. Spenser. 

t A-TWIXT', adv. Betwixt. Spenser. 

t A-TW&, adv. In two. Chaucer. 

AU-BaINE', (au-bane') n. [Fr. aubain.] The droit d'au- 

" bailie, in France, is the right of tiie king to the goods of 
an alien dying within his jurisdiction. 

AU'BURN, a. [from brun, bruno, Fr. and It., brown.] 

" Brown ; of a dark color. 

AUOTiOiV, n. [L. auctio.] 1. A public sale of property to 
the highest bidder, and, regularly, by a person licensed 
and authorized for the purpose ; a vendue. 2. The thing 
sold ai auction. Pope. 

t A 1J€'T10N, V. t. To sell by auction. 

Al €'T10N-A-RY, a. Belonging to an aaction or public sale. 
Dryden. 

AUe-TlON-EER', n. [L. auctionarius.] The person who 
"sells at auction. 

AU€-TrON-EERi, v. t. To sell at auction. Cowper. 

t AU€'TIVE, a. Of an increasing quality. Diet. 

AU-eU-PA'TlON, n. [L. aucupatio.] The act or practice 
" of taking birds ; fowling ; bird-catching. [Little used.] 

AU-Da'CIOUS, a. [L. audax ; Fr. aiidacieux.] 1. Very 

'" bold or daring ; impudent. 2. Committed with, or pro- 
ceeding from, daring effrontery. 3. Bold ; spirited. 

AU-Da'CIOUS-LY, adv. In an impudent manner ; with 

' excess of boldness. Shak. 

AU-Da'CIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being audacious ; 
"impudence-, audacity. Sandys. 

AU-DA(J'I-TY, n. 1. "Boldness, sometimes in a good sense ; 

" daring spirit, resolution or confidence. 2. Audaciousness ; 
impudence ; ni a bad sense ; implying a contempt of law 
or moral restraint. 

AUD'E-AN-ISM, n. Anthropomorphism ; or the doctrine of 
" Audeus. 

AUD'I-BLE, a. [L. audibilis.] That may be heard; per- 

'" ceivable by the ear ; loud enough to be heard. 

t AUD'I-BLE, n. The object of hearing. Did. 

AUB'I-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being audible. 

AUD'I-BLY, adv. In an audible manner ; in a manner so as 

'" to be heard. 

AUD'1-ENCE, n. I. The act of hearing, or attending to 

" sounds. 2. Admittance to a hearing ; public reception to 
an interview. 3. An auditory ; an assembly of hearers. 
— 4. In the Spanish dominions, a court. 5. In England, a 
court held by the archbishop of Canterbury, on the subject 
of consecrations, elections, institutions, marriages, &c. 

AUD'I-ENCE-CHaM'BER, n. The place of reception for a 
solemn meeting. Translation of Boccalini. 

ALJIH-ENCE-€oURT, n. A court belonging to the arch- 

" bishop of Canterbury, of eq\ial authority with the arches 
court, though inferior both in dignitv and antiquity. 

t AUDT-ENT, )!. A hearer. Shelton. 

AUD'IT, ?(. [L. audit.] 1. An examination of an account, 
or of accounts, with a hearing of the parties concerned. 
2. The result of such an examination ; a final account. 

AUD'iT, V. t. To examine and adjust an account or ac- 
counts. 

\ AUD' IT, V. i. To sum up. Arbuthnot. 

AUD'TT-HOUSE, n. An appendage to a cathedral. 

^ AUn-i"TrON, n. IJearing. 

A'UDT-TIVE, a. Having the power of hearmg. 

AUDT-TOR, 71. [L.] 1. a hearer ; one who attends to hear 

" f» discourse. 2. A person appointed and authorized to ex- 
amine an account or accounts. 

AUD'1-TOR-SHIP, 7!. The office of auditor. 

/iUD'I-TO-RY, a. That has the power of hearing ; pertain- 
ing to the sense or organs of hearing. 



\ AUR 

AUD'I-TO RY, n. [L. auditorium.'] 1. An audience ; an 

assembly of hearers. 2. A place or apartment where dis- 
courses are delivered. 3. A bench tn which a judge sita 

to hear causes. 
AUD'l-TRESS, n A female hearer. Miltor 
AUF, 71. A fool ; a shnpleton. See Oaf. 
AU-6E'AN, a. Belonging to j3ifo-ea5 ,• as, the ^Mo-ean stable 
AUG'ER, n. [D. avegaar.] An instrument tor boring large 

holes. 
AUG'ER-HOLE, n. A hole made by an auger. 
AUGHT, (awt) n. [Sax. awiht^ aht, or owiht, ohwit, oht.] 

1. Any thing, indefinitely. 2. Any part, the smallest ; a 

jot or tittle. 
AU'GlTE, n. [Gr. avyrj.] A mineral, called by HaUy, pyroz- 

ene ; often found in distinct crystals. 
AU-6lT'ie, a. Pertaining to augite -, resembling augite. 
AUG-MENT', V. t. [Fr. augmenter.] 1. To increase ; to 

enlarge in size or extent ; to swell ; to make bigger. 2. 

To increase or swell the degree, amount or magnitude. 
AUG-MENT', V. i. To increase ; to grow larger. 
AUG'MENT, 7). 1. Increase •, enlargement by addition 

state of increase.— 2. In philology, a syllable prefixed to a 

word ; or an increase of the quantity of the initial vowel. 
AUG-MENT'A-BLE, a. That may be increased ; capable 

of augmentation. WalsWs Jimer. Rev. 
AUG-MENT-a'TION, 77. 1. The act of increasing, or mak 

ing larger. 2. The state of being increased or enlarged 

3. The thing added by which a thing is enlarged. — 4. In 

music, a doubling the value of the notes of the subject of 

a fugue or canon. 
AUG-MExNT'A-TiVE, a. Having the quality or power of 

augmenting. 
AUG-MENT'ER, n. He that augments. 
AUG-MENT'ING, ;>;?r. Increasing ; enlarging. 
AU'GRE. See Auger. 

AU GRE-HOLE, n. A hole made by an augre. Shak. 
AU'GUR, n. [L. augur.] 1. Among the Romans, an ofiice 

whose duty was to foretell future events by the singing 

chattering, flight, and feeding of birds. 2. One who pre 

tends to foretell future events by omens. 
AU'GUR, V. i. To guess ; to conjecture by signs or omens ; 

to prognosticate. 
AU'GUR, V. t. To predict or foretell ; as, to augur ill suc- 
" cess. 
AU'GU-RAL, a. [L. auguralis.] Pertaining to an augur, or 

to prediction by the appearance of birds. 
AU'GU-RATE, v. i. To judge by augury ; to predict. War- 

burton. [Little used.] 
AU-GU-Ra'TION, n. "The practice of augury, or the fore- 
'" telling of events by the chattering and flight of birds. 
AUGURED, pp. Conjectured by omens ; prognosticated 
AU'GU-RER, 7?. An augur. Shak. [JVot legitimate.] 
AU-Gu'RI-AL, a. Relating to augurs. Brown. 
f AU'GU-RlZE, V. t. To augur. 

AU'GUR-OUS, a. Predicting ; foretelling ; foreboding. 
AU'GU-RY, 71. [L. augurium.] 1. The art or practice of 
" foretelling events by the flight or chattering of birds. 2 

An omen •, prediction ; prognostication. 
AU-GUST', a. [L. uugustus.] Grand ; magnificent ; ma- 
'" jestic ; impressing awe •, inspiring reverence. 
AU'GUST, n. Th^ eighth month of the year, named in 
" honor of the emperor Octavius Augustus. 
AU-GUST'AN, a. 1, Pertaining to Augustus ; as, the Au~ 
" gustan age. 2. The Augustan confession, drawn up at 

Augusta or Augsburg, by Luther and Melancthon, in 

1530, contains the principles of the Protestants. 
AU-GUS-TIN'I-AN.«, n. Those divines, who, from St. Au 
'" gustin, maintain that grace is eflfectual from its nature. 
AU-GUST'INS, or AU-GUS-TIN'I-ANS, n. An order of 

monks, so called from St. Augustin. 
AU-GUSTNESS, n. Dignity of mien ; grandeur ; magnifi- 
"cence. 
AUK, 71. [contracted from alca ] A genus of aquatic fowls, 
" of the order of ansers. 
AUK'WARD. See Awkward. 

AU-La'RI-AN, 71. [L. aula.] At Oxford, the member of a 
" hall, distinguished from a collegian. Todd. 
t AULD, a. [Sax. aid.] Old. Shak. 

AU-LET'IC, a. [Gr. av'kriTiKos.] Pertaining to pipes, or to a 
'" pipe. [Little used.] 

AU'LIC, a. [L. auliciis.] Pertaining to a royal court, proba- 
" bly confined to the German empire. 

AULN, n. [Fr. aulne.] A French measure of length ; an ell. 
f AU-MaIL', v. t. [Fr. email.] To figure or variegaie. 
AUM'BRY. See Ambry. 

AUME, 7!. A Dutch measure for Rhenish wine. 
AUNE, 71. [a contraction of aulne, ulna.] A French cloth 
"measure. 
AUNT, (ant) n. [L. amita ; qu. Fr. tante.] The sister of 

one's father or mother, conelative to nephew or niece. 
t AUN'TER, 71. Old word for adventure. 
AU'RA, n. [L.] Literally, a breeze, or gentle current of 
" air, but used by English writers for a stream of fine parti- 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, Cf, "?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY j—PIN, MARtNE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



AUT 



63 



AUT 



cles flowing from a body, as effluvia, aroma, or odor ; an 
exhalation. 

A U 'RATE, n. A sort of pear. 

All KATE, n. [L. aurtim.] A combination of tlie oxyd of 

"gold with a base. 

AU'PtA-TED, a. Resembling gold. 

t'AU'RE-AT, a. [L. auratus.] Golden. Shelton. 

AtJ-RE'Li-A, n. in natural history, the nymph or chrysalis 

'" of an insect. 

AU-Rk'LI-AN, a. Like or pertaining to the aurelia. 

AU'RI€, a. [from awum.] Pertaming to gold. 

^U'RI-€LE, n. [L. auricula.] 1. The external ear, or that 
part which is prominent from the liead. 2. The auricles 
of the heart are two muscular bags, situated at the base, 
serving as diverticula for the blood, during the diastole. 

AU-RI€'U-LA, n. A species of primrose, called, from the 
' shape of its leaves, beards ear. 

AU-RI€'U-LAR, a. [L. auricula.] 1. Pertaining to the 

'ear; within the sense of hearing; told in the ear. 2. 
Recognized by the ear ; known by the sense of hearing. 
3. Traditional ; known by report. 

AU-RI€'U-LAR-LY, adv. In a secret manner ; by way of 

" whisper, or voice addressed to the ear. 

AU-R1€'U-LATE, o Shaped like the ear. Botany. 

AU-Rie'U-LA-TED a. Having large or elongated ears. 

AU-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. aurifer.] That yields or produces 

"gold^ 

^U-Rl'GA, n. [L. aurea, orea, and rego.] 1. Literally, the 
" director of a car, or wagon. — In astronomy, the Wagoner, 
a constellation in the northern hemisphere. 2. The fourth 
lobe of the liver ; also a bandage for the sides. 

AU-RI-Ga'TION, n. [L. aurig-a.] The act or practice of 

'" driving horses harnessed to carriages. 

AU-RI-PIG-MEN'TUM. .See Okpiment. 

AU'RI-S€ALP, n. [L. auris and scalpo.] An instrument to 
" clean the ears. 

AU'RIST, n. [L. auris.] One skilled in disorders of the 

"ear, or who professes to cure them. 

AU'IIOCHS, n. [G. urochs.] A species of ox, whose bones 

" are found in gravel and alluvial soil. Jour, of Science. 

AU-Ro'RA, n. [L. aurora.] 1. The rising light of the 

" morning ; the dawn of day, or morning twilight. 2. The 
goddess of the morning, or twilight deified by fancy. 3. 
A species of crowfoot. 

Aurora borealis, or lumen boreale ; northern twilight. This 
species of light usually appears in streams, ascending to- 
wards the zenith from a dusky line a few degrees above 
the horizon. 

AU-Ro'RAL, a. Belonging to the aurora, or to the northern 

"liehts ; resembling the twilight. E. Goodrich. 

ALARUM, n. Gold. 

Aurum fulminans, fulminating gold, is gold dissohed in 
aqua regia or nitro-muriatic acid, and precipitated by vol- 
atile alkali. 

AUS-€UL-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of listening, or heark- 
' ening to. — 2. In medicine ^ a method of distinguisliing dis- 
eases, particularly in the thorax, by observing the sounds 
in the part, generally by means of a tube applied to the 
surface. 

A(J'SPI-€ATE, V. t. [L. auspicor.] 1. To give a favorable 
turn to. Burke. 2. To foreshow. ^To begin. Burke. 

AU'SFlCE, ) n. [L. auspicium.] l.^lie omens of an un- 

AfJ'SPl-CES, \ dertaking, drawn from birds ; augury. 

"2. Protection; favor shown ii patronage; influence. In 
this sense the word is generally plural, auspices. 

t AU-SPl"CIAL, a. Relating to prognostics. 

AtJ-SPi"CIOUS, a. 1. Having omens of success, or favora- 

" ble appearances 2. Prosperous; fortunate. 3. Favora- 
ble ; kind ; propitious. 

AU-SPi"CIOUS-LY, adv. With favorable omens ; happily ; 

" prosperously ; favorably ; propitiouslv. 

AU-SPi"CI0US-NESS,7i. A state of fair promise; prosperity. 

AUS'TER, n. [L.l The south wind. Pope. 

AU-STeRE', a. [L. austerus.] 1. Severe ; harsh ; rigid ; 

" stern._ 2. Sour ; harsh ; rough to the taste. 

AU-STkRE'LY, adv. Severely ; rigidjy ; harshly. 

AU-STeRE'NESS, ?f. 1. Severity in manners ; harshness ; 
' austerity. 2. Roughness in taste. 

AU-STER'I-TY, n. [L. austeritas.] Severity of manners or 
life •, rigor ; strictness ; barsh discipline. 

AUS'TRAL, a. [L. australis.] Southern; lying or being in 

' the south. 

AUS-TRAL-a'SIA, 91. [austral and .^sia.] A name given 

"to tlie countries situated to the south of Asia, compre- 
hending New Holland, New Guinea, New Zealand, &c. 

f AOS'TRAL-iZE, v. i. [L. auster.] To tend towards the 
south. 

AUS'TRT-AN, a. Pertaining to Austria. 

AUS'TRI-AN, n. A native of Austria. 

AUS'TRINE, a. [L. austrinus.] South ; southerly; southern. 

AUS'TRO-MAN-CY, n. [from auster, and Gr. iiavTeia.'] 
Soothsaying, or prediction of future events, from observa- 
tion of the winds. 

\ AU'TAR-€HY, n. [Gr. avrapKEia.] Self-sufficiency. Coles. 



iVU-THEN'Tie, I a. [Fr. authentique.] I, Having a 

AU-THEN'TI-€AL, \ genuine original or authority, in 

"opposition to that which is false, fictitioua, or counterfeit ; 
being what it purports to be ; genuine ; true. 2. Of ap 
proved authority. 

AU-THEN'TI-€AL-LY, adv. In an authentic manner; 

" with the requisite or genuine auiiiority. 

AU-THEN'T[-€AL-NESS, n. The quality of being authen- 
tic ; authenticity. 

AU-THEN'Tr-€ATE, v. t. To render authentic ; to give 

" authority to, by the proof. 

AU-THEN'TI-€A-TED, pp. Rendered authentic ; having 

" received the forms which prove genuineness. 

AU-THEN'TI-€A-T1NG, ppr. Giving authority by the 
" necessary signature, seal, attestation, or other forms. 

AU-THEN-TI-€a'T10N, n. The act of authenticating ; the 

" giving of authority by the necessary formalities. 

AU-THEN'T1€-LY, ad7u After an authentic mam er. 

AU-THEN-TIC'I-TY,7i. Genuineness ; the quality of being 

" of genuine original. 

AU-THEN'Tie-NESS, n. Authenticity. [Rarely used.] 

AU'THOR, n. [L. auctor ; Fr. auteur ; Sp. autor ; It. au 

"tore.] 1. One who produces, creates, or brings into being. 
2. The beginner, former, or first mover of any thing; 
hence, the efficient cause of a thing. It is appropriately 
applied to one who composes or writes a book, or original 
work. 

t AU'THOR, V. t. To occasion ; to effect. 

AU'THOR-ESS, n. A female author. 

AU-THOR'[-TA-TiVE, a. 1. Having due authority. 2 
Having an air of authority ; positive ; peremptory. 

AU-THOR'I-TA-TiVE-LY, adv. In an authoritative man- 
ner ; with due authority. 

AU-THOR'1-TA-TIVE-NESS, n. The quality of being au- 
thoritative ; an acting by authority. 

AU-THOR'I-TY, n. [L, auctoritas.] 1. Legal power, or a 
right to command or to act ; power ; rule ; sway. 2. The 
power derived from opinion, respect or esteem ; influence 
of character or office ; credit. 3. Testimony ; witness ; 
or the person who testifies. 4. Weight of testimony ; 
credibility. 5. Weight of character ; respectability; dig- 
nity. 6. Warrant ; order ; permission. 7. Precedents, 
decisions of a court, officia! dec! irations, respectable 
opinions and sayings, also the book ^ that contain them 
8. Government ; the persons or I'le body exercising pow- 
er or command. 

AU-TH0R-I-Za'T10N, 71. The act of giving authority, or 

"legal power ; establishment by authority. 

AU'THOR-IZE, V. t. [Fr. autoriser.] 1. To give authority, 

" warrant or legal power to ; to give a right to act ; to em- 
power. 2. To give authority, credit or reputation to 3. 
To justify ; to support as right. 

AU'THOR-lZED, pp. Warranted by rght ; supported by 
' authority ; derived from legal or proper authority ; hav- 
ing power or authority. 

AU'THOR -I-ZING, ppr. Giving authority to, or legal pow- 

" er, credit, or permission. 

t AU'THOR-LESS, a. Without authority. Sir E. Sackville. 

AU'THOR-SHIP, n. The quality or state of being an author. 
Shaftesbury. 

AU-TO-BI-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. avros, and biography.] 
Biography or memoirs of one's life written by liimself. 
Walsh. 

AU-TO€H'THON, n. [Gr.] One who rises or grows out of 

" the earth. 

AU-TO€'RA-SY, n. [Gr. avTos and Kparog.] Independent 

" power ; supreme, uncontrolled authority. 

AU'TO-€RAT, AU'TO-€RA-TER, or AU'TO-€RA-TOR, 
V. An absolute prince or sovereign ; a title assumed by 
the emperors of Russia. 

AU-TO-€RAT'I€, ) a. Pertaining to autocracy ; abso- 

AU-TO-€RAT'I-€AL, ( lute. 

AU'TOeRA-TRIX, n. A female absolute sovereign. 

AUTO DA FE. [Port, act of faith.] 1. In "lie Romish 
church, a solemn day held by the Inquisition, for the pun- 
ishment of heretics. [Span. Auto defc.] 2. A sentence 
given by the Inquisition, and read to a criminal, or he- 
retic. 3. The session of the court of Inquisili^u. 

t AU-TO-GE'NE-AL, a. [Gr. avroyevris.] Self-begotten. 

AU'TO-GRAPH, or AU-TOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. ivtos and 
yp«^j7.] A person's own hand-writing ; an original man- 
uscript. 

AU-TOG'RA-PHAL, a. Of the particular hand- writing of a 

"person. ^ 

AU-TO-GRAPH'l€, ) a. Pertaining to an autograph, or 

AU-TO-GRAPH'I-€AL, | one's own hand-writing. 

AU-TOMA-LlTE, n. A mineral, called by Haiiy, spinelle 
zincifdre. 

t AU-TOM'A-TAL, a. Automatical ; automat^us. 

AU'TO-MATH, n. [Gr. avrog and pavBavu).] One who is 

"self-taught. Young. 

AU-TO-MAT'I€, ) a. 1. Belonging to an automaton • 

AU-TO-MAT'I-€AL, ] havuig the power of moving 



* Sec Synopsis PvIOVE. BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



AVE 

itself; mechanical. 2. Not voluntary ; not depending on 
tiie will. 
AU-TOM'A-TON, n. [Gr. avTonaros.} A self-moving ma- 
chine, or one which moves by invisible springs. 
A'.' TOM'A-TOUS, a. Having in itself the power of mo- 
tion. 
AU-TON'0-MOLrS,a. Independent in government ; having 

the right of self-government. Mitford. 
AU-TON'0-MY,w. [Gr. auroj and vo/zoj.] The power or 

right of self-government. 
AU'TOP-SY, ?t. \Gt. avToi^ia.'] Personal observation ; ocu- 
lar view. [Autopsy and its derivatives are rarely used.J 
AU-TOP;TI-€AL, a. Seen with one's own eyes. 
AU-T0P'T1-€AL-LY, adv. By means of ocular view, or 

one's own observation. Brown. 
t AU-TOS€HED-l-AS'TI-€AL,ffl. Hasty 5 slight. Martin. 
A-l^'TUMN, (aw'tum) 71. [L. autunmus.'\ The third season 
of the year, or the season between summer and winter. 
Astronomically, it begins at the equinox, when the sun 
enters libra, and ends at the winter solstice ; but, in popu- 
lar language, autumn comprises September, October, and 
Nf vember. 
AU-TUM'NAL, a. Belonging to autumn ; produced or 
gathered in autumn. 

A(J-TUJ\1 NAL, n. A plant that flowers in autumn. 

t'AU-TUMNl-TY, n. The season of autumn Hall. 

ALJX-E'SIS, n. [Gr. av^rjaig.] In rhetoric, a figure by 
" which any thing is magnified too much. 

AUX-ET'1€, a. Amplifying ; increasing. Hatch. 

^UX-IL'IAR,or AUX-IL'IA-RY, a. \l.. auxiliaris.] Help- 
ing; aiding; assisting; subsidiary. 

AUX-IL'IA-RIES, n. plu. Foreign troops in the service of 

'" nations at war. 

^UX-IL'IA-RY,n. 1. A helper ; an assistant ; a confederate. 
' — 2. In grammar, a verb which helps to form the modes 
and tenses of ether verbs ; as, have, be, may, can, do, 
must, shall, and will, 

\ AUX-IL-lA'TlON, n. Help. Diet. 

t ACX-IL'IA-TO-RY, a. Assisting. Sir E. Sandys. 

A' V AlL', V. t. [Fr. valoir.] 1. To profit one's self; to turn 
to advantage ; followed by the pronouns myself, thyself, 
himself. Sec. 2. To assist or profit ; to effect the object, 
or bring to a successful issue. 

A-VaIIJ, v. i. To be of use, or advantage ; to answer the 
purpose. 

A-VaIL', n. Profit ; advantage towards success ; benefit. 

A-Va1L'A-BLE, a. 1. Profitable; advantageous; having 
efficacy. 2. Having sufficient power, force, or efficacy, 
forthe object ; valid. 

A-VAlL'A-BLii-NESS, n. 1. Power or efficacy, in pro- 
moting an end in view. 2. Competent power ; legal 
force ; validity. 

A-Y A 111' A -BhY, adv. Powerfully; profitably; advantage- 
ously ; validly ; efficaciously. 

A-VaIL'ING, ppr. Turning to profit ; using to advantage 
or effect. 

A-VaIL'MENT, n. Profit; efficacy; successful issue. 
[Little used.] 

A-VaILS', n. plu. Profits or proceeds. It is used in JVew 
England for the proceeds of goods sold, or for rents, 
issues, or profits. 

A V-A-LANCHE', ) n. [Fr.] A snow-slip ; a vast body of 

AV-A-LANGE'', S snow sliding down a mountain. 

t A-VaLE', v. t. [Fr. avaler.] To let fall ; to depress. 
Spenser. 

f A-VaLE', v. i. To sink. Spenser. 

t A-VANT', n. The front of an army. See Van. 

A-VANT'-€5U-RIER, n. [Fr.] One who is despatched 
before the rest, to notify their approach. 

* A-VANT'-GUARD, n. The van or advanced body of an 
army. 

A-V ^NT'U-RINE, n. A variety of quartz rock. 

AY A-RTCE, 7i. [1,. avaritia.] An inordinate desire of gain- 
ing and possessing wealth ; covetousness. Shak. 

AV-A-RI"C10US, a. Covetous ; greedy of gain. 

AV-A-Rl'CIOUS-LY, adv. Covetously; with inordinate 
desire of gaining wealth. Goldsmith. 

AV- A-RT"CIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being avaricious ; 
insatiable passion for property. 

t AV'A-ROUS, a. Covetous. Oowcr. 

A-VAST', excl. [Ger. basta.] In seamen's language, cease ; 
stop ; stay. 

t A-VAUNCE'MENT, n. Advancement. Bale. 

A-VAUNT', excl. [W. ibant.] Begone ; depart ; a word of 
contempt or abhorrence. 

t A-VAUNT' V. t. [It. avantare.] To boast. Abp. Cranmer. 

T A-VAUNT', V. i. To come before ; to advance. Spenser. 

t A-VAUNT', ) 

t A-VAUNT'ANCE, > n. Boasting. Chaucer. 

t A-VAUNT'RY, ) 

aVE iVlA-RY, n. [from the first words of Gabriel's saluta- 
tion to the Virgin Mary ; L. ave, hail.] A form of devo- 
tion in the Romish church. 



m 



AVE 



A'VE, 71. [L. ave.] An address to the Virgin Mary ; an ab- 
breviation of the Ave Maria, or Ave Mary. 
t A-VEL^, V. t. [L. avello.] To pull away. Brown. 
AV-E-Na'CEOUS, a. [L. avenaceus.] Belonging to, o 

partaking of the nature of oats. 
AV'E-NAgE, w. [Fr.] A certain quantity of oats paid by a 

tenant to a landlord in lieu of rent or other duty. 
AV'EN-ER, or AV'EN-OR, n. [Norm. Fr.J in English 
feudal law, an officer of the king's stable, whose duty was 
to provide oats. 
A-VEN6E', (a-venj') v. t. [Fr. venger.] 1. To take satis 
faction for an injury by punishing the injuring party. 2 
To revenge. 3. In the passive form, this verb signifies to 
have or receive just satisfaction, by the punishment of the 
ofl^ender. 
t A-VENGE , n. Revenge. Spenser. 
t A-VENGE'ANCE, n. Punishment. 
A-VEN6'ED, (a-venjd') pp. Satisfied by the punishment of 

the offender ; vindicated ; punished. 
A-VENGE'MENT, n. Vengeance ; punishment ; the act of 
taking satisfaction for an injury, by inflicting pain or evil 
on the offender ; revenge. 
A-VENG'ER, n. One who avenges or vindicates ; a vmdi- 
cator ; a revenger. 

A-VEN6'ER-ESS, n. A female avenger. Spenser. 

A-Y EN &1ING, ppr. Executing vengeance ; takuig satisfac- 
tion for an injury ; vindicating. 
AV'ENS, n. The herb bennet. Miller. 

AV'EN-TINE, a. Pertaining to Mons Aventinus. 

A-VEN'TURE, n. [Fr. aventure.] A mischance causing a 
person's death without felony. 

AV'E-NUE, n. [Fr.] 1. A passage ; a way or opening for 
entrance into a place. 2. An alley, or walk in a garden, 
planted with trees, and leading to a house, gate, wood, 
&c. 3. A wide street. 

A-VER', V. t. [Fr. averer.] To affirm with confidence ; to 
declare in a positive manner. Prior. 

AVER-AGE, 71. 1 . In commerce, a contribution to a general 
loss. When, for the safety of a ship in distress, any de- 
struction of property is incurred, either by cutting away 
the masts, throwing goods overboard, or other means, all 
persons who have goods on board, or property in the ship, 
contribute to the loss according to their average, that is, 
the goods ef each on board. 2. A mean proportion, medial 
sum, or quantity, made out of unequal sums or quantities. 
3. A small duty payable by the shippers of goods to tlie 
master of the ship, over and above the freight, for his 
care of the goods. — 4. In England, the breaking up of 
cornfields, eddish, or roughings. — Upon, or on an aver- 
age, is taking the mean of unequal numbers or quanti- 
ties. 

AV'ER-AGE, a. Medial ; containing a mean proportion 
Price. Beddoes. 

AV'ER-AGE, V. t. To find the mean of unequal sums or 
quantities ; to reduce to a medium. 

AV'ER-AGE, V. i. To form a mean or medial sum or quan- 
tity. 

AVER-AGED, pp. Reduced or formed into a mean propor- 
tion. Jefferson. 

AVER-A-GING, ppr^ Forming a mean proportion out of 
unequal sums or quantities. 

A-VER'MENT, n. 1. Affirmation ; positive assertion ; the 
act of averring. 2. Verification ; establishment by evi- 
dence. — 3. In pleading, an offer of either party to justify 
cr prove what he alledges. 

A-VER 'NAT, n. A sort of grape. Ash. 

A-VER'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Avernus, a lake of Cam- 
pania, in Italy. 

AVER-PEN-NY, n. Money paid towards the king's car- 
riages by land, instead of service by the beasts in kind. 
Burn. 

A-VER'RED, (a-verd') pp. Affirmed ; laid with an aver 
ment. 

A-VER'RING, ppr. Affirming ; declaring positively ; offer- 
ing to justify or verify. 

A- VER'RO-IS'T, 71. One of a sect of peripatetic philosophers 
so denominated from Avcrrocs. 

AV-ER-RUN€'ATE, v. t. [L. averrunco.] To root up ; to 
scrape or tear away by the roots. 

AV-ER-RUN-€a'T10N, n. The act of tearing up or raking 
away by the roots. 

AV-ER-Sa'TION, n. [L. aversor.] A turning from with 
disgust or dislike ; aversion ; hatred ; disinclination. It 
is nearly superseded by aversion. 

A-VERSE', (a-vers') a. 1. Disliking ; unwilling ; having 
a repugnance of mind. 2. Unfavorable ; indisposed ; 
malign. Dryden. This word and its derivatives ought tc 
be followed by to, and never hy from. 

A-VERSE'LY, (a-vers'ly) adv. With repugnance ; uiiwi! 
lingly. Brown. 

A-VERSE'NESS, (a-vers'nes) n. Opposition of mind ; dis 
like ; unwillingness ; backwardness. 

A-VER'STON, n. [Fr. aversion.] 1. Opposition or re 
pugnance of mind ; dislike ; disinclination ; reluctance , 



See Synopsis. A, E, T, O V Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete 



AVO 



65 



AWH 



f A-VlZE', V. t. To counsel ; to consider. Spenser. 
V V-0-€a'DO, 71. [Sp.l The name of a tree. See Avigato. 



jjatred. 2 Opposition or contrariety of nature. 3. The 
cause of dislike. 

A-VERT', V. t. [L averto.] 1. To turn from ; to turn off 
or away. 2. To keep off, divert, or prevent. 3. To 
cause to dislike. Hooker. 

A-V£iiT', ?;. t. To turn away. Thomson. 

A-VERT'ER, 7^. One that turns away ; that which turns 
away. 

A-^"ERT''[NG, pj}r. Turning from ; turning away. 

A'Vf-A-RY, n. [li. aviarium.] A bird cage ; an inclosure 
for keeping birds confined. 

A-VLD 1-OUS-LY, adv. Eagerly ; with gresdiness. 

A-VID'I-TY, 71. [h. aviditas.] 1. Greediness ; strong ap- 
petite. 2. Eagerness ; intenseness of desire. 

AV-I-Ga'TO, or AV-0-€a'DO, n. The Persea, or alligator- 
pear. 

t A-ViL£', V. t. [Fr. avilir.] To depreciate. Ben Jonson, 

I A-VlSE', or t A-VI'SO, n. [Fr. avis.] Advice , intelli- 
gence. 

t A-V'ISE', 7). i. To consider. Spenser. 

A-VlSEMENT, 7?. Advisement. See Advice and Advise. 

tAV'I-TOUS, a. [Ij. avitus.] Ancient 

■ • "-"T, t;. t. To( 

A' 

t AV'0-€ATE, V. t. [L. avoco.] To call off, or away 
Boyle. 

AV-0-€a'TION, n. 1. The act of calling aside, or diverting 
from some employment. 2. Tlie business which calls 
aside. The word is generally used for the smaller affairs 
of life, or occasional calls which summon a person to 
'eave his ordinary or principal business. The use of this 
word for vocation is very improper. 

\ A-Vo'€A-TlVE, a. Calling off. 

A.-VOW,v.t. [Fr. vuider, or vider.] 1. To shun ; to keep 
at a distance from ; that is, literally^ to go or be wide 
from. 2. To shift off, or clear off. 3. To quit ; to evac- 
uate ; to shun by leaving. 4. To escape. 5. To emit or 
throw out. 6. To make void ; to annul or vacate. 

A-VOID', 7).i. 1. To retire ; to withdraw. 2. To become 
void, vacant, or empty. 

A-VOID'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be avoided, left at a dis- 
tance, shunned, or escaped. 2. That may be vacated ; 
liable to be annulled. 

A-VOID'ANCE, n. I. The act of avoiding, or shunning. 2. 
the act of vacating, or the state of being vacant. 3. The 
act of annulling. 4. The course by which any thing is 
carried off. 

A-VOID'ED, pp. Shunned ; evaded ; made void ; ejected. 

A-VOLD'ER, 71. 1. One who avoids, shuns, or escapes. 2. 
The person who carries any thing away ; the vessel in 
which things are carried away. 

A-VOID'ING, ppr. Shunning •, escaping ; keeping at a dis- 
tance ; ejecting ; evacuating ; making void, or vacant. 

A-VOID'LESS, a. That cannot be avoided; inevitable. 
Dryden. 

AV-OIR-DU-POIS', 71. [Fr. avoir da poids.] A weight, of 
which a pound contains 16 ounces. Its proportion to a 
pound Troy, is as 17 to 14. This is the weight for the 
larger and coarser commodities. 

t A-VOKE', z;. t. [L. avoco.] To call back. Cockeram. 

AV-O-LA'TION, n. [L. avolo.] The act of flying away •, 
flight ; escape. [Little used.] 

AV'O-SET, ) n. In ornitliology, a species of fowls, ar- 

AV-0-SET'TA, \ ranged under the genus recurvirostra. 

A- VOUCH', V. t. [Norm, voucher.] 1. To affirm ; to de- 
clare or assert with positiveness. 2. To produce or call 
in ; to affirm in favor of, maintam or support. 3. To 
maintain, vindicate, or justify. Shak. 

A-VOUCH', 7!. Evidence ; testimony ; declaration. Shak. 



( Little use 

-Vc 



A-VOUCIi'A-BLE, a. That may be avouched. [Little itsed.] 

A-VOUCH'ED, (a-vouchf) pp. Affirmed ; maintained ; 
called in to support. 

A-VOUCH'ER, n. One who avouches. 

A-VOUCH'ING, ppr. Aflarming ; calling m to maintain ; 
vindicating. 

A-VOUCH MENT, n. Declaration ; the act of avouching 
Shak. 

A- VOW, V. t. [Fr. avouer.] To declare openly ; to own, 
acknowledge, or confess frankly. 

f A-VOW, ri. A vow or determination. Oower. 

A-VOW'A-BLE, a. That may be avowed, or openly ac- 
knowledged with confidence. Donne. 

A-VOW ATj, 71. An open declaration ; frank acknowledg- 
ment. Hume. 

A-VOW ANT, n. The defendant in replevin, who avo7cs 
the distress of the goods, and justifies the taking. Cowel. 

A- VOWED, (a-vowd) pp. Openly declared ; owned •, 
frankly acknowledged. 

A-VOW'ED-LY, adv. In an open manner; with frank 
acknowledgment. 

*A-VOW'EE, n. Sometimes used for advowee, the person 
who his a right to present to a benefice, tlie patron. 
Cowel. See Advowson. 



A-VOWER, n. One who avo'vs, owns, or asserts. 

A-VOWING, ppr. Openly declaring ; frankly acknowledg- 
ing •; justifying. 

A-VOW'IIY, n. In laio, the act of the distrainer of goods 
who, in an action of replevin, avoios and justifies tho 
taking ; the act of maintaining the right to distrain, by 
the distrainer, or defendant in replevin. Blackstone. 

fA-VOWSAL, n. A confession, nict. 

A-VOW'TRY. See Advowtry. 

A-VULS'ED, a. Plucked or pulled off. Shenstone. 

A-VUL'SION, n. [L. avulsio.] A pulling or tearing asun- 
der j a rending or violent separation. 

A-WaIT'j v. t. Literally, to remain, hold, or stay 1. To 
wait for ; to look for, or expect. 2. To be in store for ; 
to attend ; to be ready for. 

A-WaIT', n. Ambush ; in a state of waiting for. Spenser. 

A-WaIT'ING, ppr. Waiting for ; looking for ; expecting 5 
being ready or in store for. 

A-WaKE', v. t. ; pret. awoke, awaked ; pp. awaked. [Sax 
gewcccan, wacian, or wecoan.] 1. To rouse from sleep. 
2. To excite from a state resembling sleep, as from death, 
or inaction ; to put into action, or new life. 

A-WaKE', v. i. 1. To cease to sleep ; to come from a state ol 
natural sleep. 2. To bestir, revive, or rouse from a state 
of inaction ; to be invigorated with new life. 3. To rouse 
from spiritual sleep. 4. To rise from the dead. Job, xiv. 

A-WaKE', a. Not sleeping ; in a state of vigilance or 
action. 

A-Wa'KEN, (a-wa'kn) v. t. and v. i. The same with 
aivake. 

A-Wa'KENED, pp. Roused from sleep, in a natural or 
moral sense. 

A-Wa'KEN-ER , n. He or that which awakens. 

A-Wa'KEN-ING, 71. A revival of religion, or more general 
attention to religion than usual. 

A-WARD', V. t. [Scot, warde.] To adjudge ; to give by 
sentence or judicial determination ; to assign by sentence. 

A-WARD', 77. i. To judge ; to determine ; to make an 
award. 

A-WARD', n. The judgment, or determination of arbitia- 
tors ; judgment; sentence. 

A-WARD'ED, pp. Adjudged, or given by judicial sentence, 
or by the decision of arbitrators. 

A-WARD'ER, n. One that awards, or assigns by sentence 
or judicial determination ; a judge. 

A-WARD'ING, ppr. Adjudging ; assigning by judicial sen- 
tence ; determining. 

A-WaRE', a. [Sax. gewarian.] Watchful ; vigilant ; guard- 
ed ; but more strictly, in modern usage, apprisv.d ; expect- 
ing jin event from information, or probability. 

A-WaRE', 7;. i. To beware ; to be cautious. Milton. 

A-WARN', v. t. To warn, which see. Spenser. 

A-W^T'CHA, n. A bird of Kamtchatka. 

A-WaYi, adv. [Sax.aweg.] 1. Absent; at a distance. 2. 
It is much used with words signifying moving, or going 
from ; as, go aioay, send away, run away, &c. 3. As an 
exclamation, it is a command or invitation to depart ; 
away, that is, be gone, or let us go. " jSv-ay with him," 
take him away. 4. .^way toith has a peculiar signification 
in the phrase, "I cannot away with it." Isa, i. The 
senseis, " I cannot bear, or endure it." 

f A-WaY'WARD, a<Z7). [Sax. aweg weard,] Turned aside. 
Oower. 

AWE, (aw) n. [Dan. ave ] 1. Fear mingled with admira- 
tion or reverence; reverential fear. 2. Fear; dread in- 
spired by something great or terrific. 

AWE, V. t. To strike" with fear and reverence ; to influence 

" bv fear, terror, or respect. 

A-WkA'RY, a. Weary, which see. Shak. 

A-WEATH'ER, adv. On the weather-side, or towards the 
wind ; as, the helm is aweather ; opposed to alee. Mar. 
Diet. 

AWE'BAND, 71. A check. Diet. 

AWE'-COM-MANiyiNG, a. Striking with awe. 

AWED, (awd) pp. Struck with fear ; influenced by fear or 
"reverence. 

A-W.EIGH', (a-wa') adv. Atrip. The anchor is aweigh, when 
it is just drawn out of the ground, and hangs perpendicular. 

AWE'-IN-SPxR'ING, a. Impressing with awe. Bp. Hobart. 

AWE'-STRU€K, a. Impressed or struck with awe. 

AWFUL, a. 1. That strikes with awe ; that fills with 
'" profound reverence. 2, That fills with terror and dread 
3. Struck with awe ; scrupulous. 

t AW'FUL-EyED, a. Having eyes exciting awe. 

AWTUL-LY, ado. In a manner to fill with awe ; in a rev 
" erential manner. 

AWFUL-NESS, n. 1. The quality of striking with awe, 
"or with reverence; solemnity. 2. The state of being 
struck with awe. 

t A-WHAPE', (a-whap') v. t. [W. cwapiaw.] To strike ; to 
ccnfoimd. Spenser. 

t A-VMIEELS', arfu. On wheels. Ben Jonson. 

A-WHiEE', adv. A space of time ; for some time ; for a 
short time. 



' See Synopsis. 



MOVE, BQQK, D6VE ;~BULL, UNITE.^€ as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CHasSH j THasiutAia. 



t ObsolcU. 



AZl 



06 



BAB 



r A-WHIT', adv A jot ; a tittle. Bp. Hall. 

AWK, a. 1. Odd ; out of order. L^Estrange. 2. Clumsy 
* in performance, or manners ; unhandy ; not dextrous. 
[Vulgar 1 

^WK'WARD, a. 1 Wanting dexterity in the use of tlie 
hands or of instruments ; unready ; not dextrous ; bun- 
gling , untoward. Dryden. 2. Inelegant ; unpolite ; un- 
graceful in manners ; clumsy ; unnatural ; bad. S/iak. 

^WK'VVARD-LY, adv. Clumsily; in a rude or bungling 
" manner ; inelegantly ; badly. 

^WK'WARD-NESS, n. Clumsiness •, ungracefulness in 
manners ; want of dexterity in the use of the hands or 
instruments. 

AWli, 11. [Sax. al ; Ger. ahl.] An ii'on instrument for 

" piercing small holes ir. leather. 

AW LESS, a. 1. Wanting reverence ; void of respectful fear. 

■■ 2. Wanting the power of causing reverence ; not excitmg 
awe. 

AWL'WORT, 71. The popular name of the subulana aquat- 

" ica, or roagh-leaved alyssum. 

AWM,or AUM, 7i. [D. aam ; G. ahm.] A Dutch liquid 

'" measure, "equal to the English tierce. 

^WN, n. [Svv. agne.] The beard of corn, or grass, as it is 
usually understood. But, technically, a slender, sharp 
process, issuing from the chaff or glume in corn and 



grasi 

AWN'ING, ?i. [Goth. Milyan.'] 1. A cover of canvas, usu- 
" ally a sail or tarpauling, spread over a boat or ship's deck, 
to shelter from the sun's rays the officers and crew, and 
preserve the decks. 2. That part of the poop deck which 
is continued forward beyond the bulk-head of the cabin. 
Mar. Diet. 
AWN'LESS, a. Without awn or beard. 
AWN'Y, a. Having awns ; full of beard 
A-WoKE'. The jn-eterit of awake. 
t A-W6RK', adv. [Sax. geweorcan.'] At work ; in a state of 

labor or action. Shak. 
A-WoRK'IJ\G, adv. At work ; into a state of working or 

action. Hubbard's Tale. 
1-WRY', (a-ri') a. or adv. [Dan. vrider.] 1. Turned or 
twisted towards one side ; not in a straight or true direc- 
tion, or position •; asquint ; with oblique vision. — 2. In a 
figurative sense, turned aside from the line of truth, or 
right reason ; perverse or perversely. Milton. 
AXE, ) ?i. [improperly written aze. Sax. cbx, eaz, esse.] An 
AX, \ instrument, usually of iron, for hewing timber, 

and chopping woi-J. 
AX-A-Ya'€AT, n. A flj in Mexico. 

AXE'STONE, I n. A mineral, a subspecies of jade, les? 
AX'STONE, \ hard than nephrite. 
AX'HEAD, n. The head of the axe. 
AX'1-FORM, a. [L. axis and forma.] In the form of an 

axis. Encyc. 
AX'IL, 7?,. [L. axilla.] 1. The armpit ; a cavity under the 
upper part of the arm or shoulder. — 2. In botany, the 
space or angle formed by a branch with the stem, or by a 
leaf with the stem or branch. 
AX'IL-LAR, ) a. Pertaining to the armpit, or to the axil 
AX'IL-LA-RY, \ of plants. .Axillary leaves are those 
which proceed from the angle formed by the stem and 
branch. 
AX'1-xMTE, n. A mineral. 

AX-I-NOM'AN-CY, n. [Gr. a^ivrj and ixavreia.] Among 
the a7icieni5, a species of divination, by means of an axe or 
hatchet. 
AX'IOM, 71. [Gr. a^iwua.] 1. A self-evident truth, or a 
proposition whose truth is so evident at first sight, that no 
process of reasoning or demonstration can make it plainer. 
2. An established principle in some art or science. 
AX-IO-MAT'I€, } a. Pertaining to an axiom ; having 
AX-IO-MAT'I-€AL, \ the nature of self-evident truths. 
AX'IS, 7!. ,- plu. Axes. [L.] 1. The straight line, real or 
imaginary, passing through a body, on which it revolves, 
or may revolve.— 2. In geometry, a straight line in a plain 
figure, about which it revolves to produce a solid. 
AX'LE, (ak'sl) ) n. [Sax. tsx, and tree.] Apiece 

AX'LE-TREE, (ak'sl-tre) \ of timber, or bar of iron, fitted 
for insertion in the hobs or naves of wheels, on which the 
wheels turn. 
AX'0-LOTE, 71. A water lizard found in the Mexican 

lake 
XY, } adv. [G. D. Dan. Sw. ja, pron. ya ; Fr. nui.] Yes, 
AYE, \ yea, a word expressing assent, or an affirmative 

answer to a question. 
AYE, adv. [Sax. aa, a, or awa.] Always ; forever ; con- 
tinually ; for an indefinite time ; used in poetry, 
t AY'-GREEN, n. Houseleek. Diet. 
AYLE, n. In law, a grandfather. 
Z'Y-RY. See Aerie. 
AZ'A-ROLE, 71. [Fr.l A species of thorn. 
AZ'E-RIT, AZ-E-Rl'TA, or AZ-E-RPRA 

of plum, or pruTiMS. Fam. of Plants. 

AZ'I-MUTH, 72. 1. In astronomy, an arch of the horizon 

intercepted between the meridian of the place and the 



A species 



azimuth, or vertical circle, passing through the centre of 
the object. — 2. Magnetical azimuth, an arch of the hori- 
zon, hitercepted between the azimuth, or veitical circle, 
passing through the centre of any heavenly body, and the 
magnetic meridian. — '3. Aziynuth compass, an instrument 
for finding either the magnetic azimuth or amplitude of 
a Jieavenly object. — 4. Jlzimuth dial, a dial whose stile or 
gnomon is at right angles to the plane of the horizon. — 5. 
Azimuths, or vertical circles, are great circles uitersectiug 
each other in the zenith and nadir, and cuttmg the hori- 
zon at right angles. 

A-ZoTE', n. [Gr. a and ^u>n or ^u)rt»fof .] A species of gas, 
called also viephitic air, and atmospheric mephitis, on ac- 
count of its fatal effects upon animal life. 

f AZ'OTH, n. 1. Among alchimists, the first principle of 
metals ; the mercury of metals -, a universal medicine. 
Ash. 2. The liquor of sublimated quicksilver ; brass. 

A-ZOT'I€, a. Pertaining to azote ; fatal to animal life. 

AZ'0-TlTE, n. A salt formed by a combination of the prot- 
oxyd of azote, or nitrous oxyd, witli an alkali. 

* AZ'URE, (azh'-ur) a. [Fr. azur ; Sp. azul, or azur ; It. 
azzui-ro.] Of a sky-blue ; resembling the clear blue color of 
the sky. 

* AZ'URE, (azh'-ur) n. 1. The fine blue color of the sky 
2. The sky, or azure vault of heaven. — 3. In heraldry, a 
blue color in coats of all persons under the degree of baron. 
Jones. 

AZ'URE, V. t. To color blue. 

AZ'URED, (azh'-ured) a. Colored azure ; being of an azure 
color. Sidney. 

Ai'LjiS-rE °^^' i "• Another name of the lazulite. 
AZ'URN, (azh'-um) a. Ofa blue color. Milton. [Littleused.] 
t AZ'YME, n. Unleavened bread. 
AZ'Y-MlTE, 71. In church history, Azymites are Christiana 

who adramister the eucharist with unleavened bread. 
AZ'Y-MOUS, a. [Gr. a and ^vpr].] Unleavened ; unfer- 

mented ; as sea-biscuit. 



B. 



Bis the second letter, and the first articulation, or conso- 
nant, in the English, as in the Hebrew, Greek, Latin, 
and most other alphabets. It is a wute and a labial, be- 
ing formed by pressing the whole length of the lips to- 
gether, as in pronouncing eb. The Greek B is always pro- 
nounced like the English V, and the Russian B corre- 
sponds with the Greek. 

BAA, (ba) n. Tlie cry or appropriate bleating of sheep. 

BAA, V. i. To cry or bleat as sheep. 

BA'AL, 71. An idol among the ancient Chaldeans and Syri- 
ans, representing the sun. 

BAB'BLE, v.i. [D. babbelen.] 1. To utter words imper- 
fectly or indistinctly, as children. 2. To talk idly or irra- 
tionally ; to talk thoughtlessly. 3. To talk much ; to 
prate ; hence, to tell secrets. Shak. 4. To utter sounds 
frequently, incessantly, or indistinctly. 

BAB'BLE, V. t. To prate ; to utter. 

BAB'BLE, n. Idle talk ; senseless prattle. Shak. 

BAB'BLE-RIENT, v. Idle talk ; senseless prate ; unmean- 
ing words. Milton. 

BABBLER, n. An idle talker ; an irrational prattler ; a 
teller of secrets. 

BABBLING, ppr. I. Talking idly ; telling secrets. 2. 
Uttering a succession of murmuring sounds. 3. In hunt- 
ing, babbling is when the hounds are too busy after they 
have found a good scent. 

BAB'BLING, n. Foolish talk. 1 Tim. vj. 

BABE, 7i. [Ger. bube ; Ir. baban.] An infant; a young 
child of either sex. 

B^ 'BEL, n. [Heb.] Confusion ; disorder. 

BA'BE-RY, n. Finery to please a child. Sidney. 

Ba'BISH, a. Like a babe ; childish. Ascham. 

BA'BmU-hY,adv. ChUdLshly. 

BAB-oON', 71. [Fr. babouin.] A monkey of the largest spe 
cies. 

BA'BY, a. Like a young child ; pertainmc to an infant. 

Ba'BY, n. I. An infant or young child ot either sex ; a babe ; 
[used in familiar language.] 2. A small image m form 
of an infant, for girls to play with ; a doll. 

BA'BY, tj. f. To treat like a young child. Young. 

BA'BY-HOOD, n. The state of being a baby. Ash. 

BA'BY-HOUSE, n. A place for children's dolls and babies. 

BA'BY-ISH, a. Childish. Bale. 

BAB-Y-Lo'NI-AN, or BAB-Y-LO'NISH, a. 1. Pertaining 
to Babylon. 2. Like the language of Babel ; mixed ; con- 
fused. 

BAB-Y-Lf^NT-AN, n. An inhabitant of Babylonia.— In an- 
cient writers, an astrologer. 



See Synopsis A, E, I, O, C, Y, long.— FAR, Fi^LL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



BAG 



67 



BAD 



BAB-Y-LON'ie ? 2. ]. Pertaining to Babylon, or made 

BAB-Y-LON'I-€AL ) there. 2. Tumultuous ; disorderly. 

BAB-Y-LOiX'I€S, 7i ylu. Tlie title of a fragment of the his- 
tory of the world, composed by Berosus, a priest of Baby- 
lon 

BAB-Y-ROUS'SA, n. In zoology, the Indian hog, a native 
uf Celebes and of Buero. 

f BA'BY-SHIP, n. Infancy; childhood. 

BA€, or BA€K, n. [D. bak, a bowl or cistern.] I. In navi- 
gation, a ferry-boat or praam. — 2. In breicing, a large flat 
tub, or vessel, in whicli wort is cooled belbre boiling ; 
hence called a cooler. — 3. In distilleries, a vessel uito 
which the liquor to be fermented is pumped, from the 
cooler, in order to be worked with the yeast. 

BAG'CA, n. [L.J In botany, a berry. 

BA€-eA.-LAU'ilE-ATE, n. The degree of bachelor of 
arts. 

BA€'eA-TED, a. [L. baccatus.] Set or adorned with 
pearls ; having many berries. [Little used.] 

BAtJ €HA-NAL, or BA€-€HA-Na'LI-AN, n. [from Bac- 
chus, Gr. BaK^os.l One who indulges in drunken revels ; 
a drunkard. 

BA€ €HA-NAL, ) a Reveling in intemperate drink- 

BA€-€HA-Na'LI-AN, \ ing ; riotous ; noisy. 

BA€-€HA-Na'LJ- \N, a. Pertaining to reveluig and drunk- 
enness 

BAe'CHA-NALS, n. plu. Drunken feasts ; the revels of 
bacclianalians. — In antiquity, feasts in honor of Bacchus, 

BAC'CHANTE, \ "' ^^ ^'^° ^'^""^^ ^^^ Bacchus. 

BA€'eHI-€AL,' or BA€'€HI€, a. 1. Jovial ; drunken ; 
mad with intoxication. 2. Relating to Bacchus, the god 
of wine. 

BA€'€H1-US, n. In ancient poetry, a foot composed of a 
short syllable and two long ones. 

BA€'€H US-BOLE, n. A flower. J.Tortimer. 

BA€-CIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. baccifer.] That produces berries. 

BA€-CIV'0R-0U^t5, a. [L. bac^a and voro.] Eating or sub- 
sisting on berries. 

BACH'E-LOR, ?t. [Ft. bachelier ; Sp. bachiller.] 1. A man 
who has not been married. 2. A person who has taken 
the first degree in the liberal arts and sciences. 3. A 
knight of the lowest order, or, more correctly, a young 
knight, styled a knia-ht bachelor. 

BACH'E-LOR-SHIP, H. 1. The state of being a bachelor. 

2. The state of one who has taken his first degree in a 
college or university. 

BA€K. n-. [Sax. bac, bcec] 1. The upper part of an aniical, 
particularly of a quadruped, whose back is a ridge.— In 
human beings, the hinder part of the body. 2. The out- 
ward or convex part of the hand, opposed to the inner, 
concave part, or palm. 3. As the back of man is the part 
on tlie side opposite to the face, hence, the part opposed 
to the front ; as, the back of a book. 4. The part opposite 
te or most remote from that which fronts the speaker or 
actor. 5. As the back is the strongest part of an animal, 
and as the back is behind in motion, hence, the thick and 
strong part of a cutting tool ; as, the back of a knife. 6. 
The place behind or nearest the back.— 7. To turn the 
back on one, is to forsake him. 8 To turn the back to one, 
to acknowledge to be superior. 9. To turn the back, is to 
depart, or to leave the care or cognizance of; to remove, 
or be absent. 10. Behind the back, is in secret, or when 
one is absent. 11. To cast behind the back, in Scripture, 
is to forget and forgive, or to treat with contempt. 12. To 
plow the back, is to oppress and persecute. 13. To bow 
the back, is to submit to oppression. 

BA€K, adv. 1. To the place from which one came. 2. In 
ajitrurative sense, to a former state, condition, or station. 

3. Behind ; not advancing ; not coming or bringing for- 
ward ; as, to keep back a part. 4. Towards times or 
things past. 5. Again ; in return. 6. To go or come back, 
is to return, either to a former place or state. 7. To ao 
or fflve back, is to retreat, to recede. 

BA€K, f . t. 1. To mount ; to get upon the back ; some- 
times, perhaps, to place upon the back. 2. To support , 
to maintain ; to second or strengthen by aid. 3. To put 
backward ; to cause to retreat or recede. 4. To bark a 
warrant, is for a justice of the peace in the county where 
the warrant is to be executed, to sign or indorse a war- 
rant, issued in another county, to apprehend an oflTender. 

BACK, V. i. To move or go back ;-as, the horse refuses to 
back. 

BACK'BTTE, v. t. To censure, slander, reproach, or speak 
evil of the absent. 

BA€K'Bi-TER, n. One who slanders, calumniates, or 
speaks ill of the absent. 

BA€K Br-TIXG, n. The act of slandering the absent ; se- 
cret calumnv. 2 Cor. xii. 

BA€K Bl-TING-LY, adu. With secret slander. Barret. 

BA€K Board, n. a board placed across the after part of a 
boat. 

BACK BoNE, n The b( ne of the hack ; or the spine. 

BA€K€AR-RY, n. A having on the back. 



BA€K DoOR, n. A door en the back part of a building a 
private passage ; an indirect way. 

BAOK'ED, (bakt) pp. Moimted ; having on the back j sup- 
ported by aid ; seconded ; moved backward. 

BA€K'ED, a. Having a back ; a word used in comdosI- 
tion. 

BACK'END, 71. The latter part of the year. .N-orih of Eng- 
land. 

BACKFRIEND, (bak'frend) n> A secret enemy South. 

BA€K-GAM'MOA", n. [W. bac and cammaun.] A game 
played by two persons, upon a table, with box and dice. 

BACK'GROUXD, n. 1. Ground in the rear, or behind, as 
opposed to the front. 2. A place of obscurity, or shade ; 
a situation little seen or noticed. 

BACK HANB-ED, a. With the hand turned backward. 

BA€K'HAND-ED, adv. With the hand directed backwai.i. 

BACK'HOUSE, ?i. A building behind the main or front 
buJding. 

BACK'ING, ppr. Mounting ; moving back, as a horse ; sec- 
onding. 

BA€K'PAINT-IXG, n. The method of painting mexzotinto 
prints, pasted on glass of a size to fit the print. 

BA€K'PI£CE, 71. The piece of armor which covers the 
back. 

BACK'RE-TURN, n. Repeated return. Shak. 

BACK'ROOM, n. A room behind the front room, or in the 
back part of the house. 

BACKS, n. Among dealers in leather, the thickest and 
best tanned hides. 

BACK-SET, a. Set upon in the rear. 

BACK SIDE, n. 1. The back part of any thing ; the part 
behind that which is presented to the face of a spectator. 
2. The hind part of an animal. 3. The yard, ground, or 
place behind a house. 

* BACK-SLlDE', v.i. To fall off; to apostatize; to turn 
graduallvfrom the faith and practice of Christianitv 

*BA€K-SLlD ER, ?;. 1. An apostate ; one who falls from 
the faith and practice of religion. 2. One who neglects 
his vows of obedience, and falls into sin. 

* B ACK-SLlD'ING, n. The act of apostatizing from faith or 
practice ; a falling msensibly from religion into sin or 
idolatry. Jer. v. 6. 

BACK STAFF, n. A quadrant; an instrument for taking 
the sun's altitude at sea ; called also, from its inventor, 
D avisos quadrant 

BACK'STAIRS, n. Stairs in the back part of a house ; pri- 
vate stairs ; and, figuratively, a private, or indirect way 

BACK'STAYS, n. Long ropes or stays extending from the 
topmast lieads to both sides of a ship, to assist the shrouds 
in supporting the mast. 

BACK STOXE, ?(. The heated stone, or iron, on which 
oat-cake is baked. JSi'orth of England. 

BACKSWORD, n. A sword with one sharp edge.— In 
England, a stick with a basket handle, used in rustic 
amusements. 

BACK WARD, or BACK Vr.ARDS, adv. 1. With the back 
in advance. 2. Toward the back. 3. On the back, or 
with the back downwards. 4. Toward jnst times or 
events. 5. By way of reflection ; reflexively . C. From 
a better to a worse state. 7. In time past. 8. Perverse- 
ly ; from a wrong end. 9. Towords the beginning ; in an 
order contrary to the natural order. 10. Contrarily ; in a 
contrary manner. 

BACK'^VARD, a. 1. Unwilling ; averse ; reluctant ; hesi- 
tating. 2. Slow ; shiETgish ; dilatory. 3. Dull : not quick 
of apprehension ; beiund in progress. 4. Late ; behind 
-in time ; coming after something else, or after the usual 
time. 

BACK' WARD, v. t. To keep back ; to hinder. 

t BACK WARD, n. The things or state behind or past. 

BACK WARD-LY, adv. Unwillingly ; reluctantly ; averse- 
Iv ; perverselv. - 

BACK'WARD-NESS, ??. 1. Unwillingness; reluctance; 
dilatoriness, or dullness in action. 2. A. state of being 
behind in progress ; slowness ; tardiness. 

BACK-WOODS MAN, ri. (Used mostly in the plural.) A 
term applied to the people who inhabit the i-ewl) settled 
territory west of the Alleghany mountains. 

BACK ^V6RM, n. A small worm, in a thin skin, in the 
reins of a hawk. 

BACKWOUND, r. t. To wound behind the back Shak. 

BACON, (ba'kn) n. [W . haccun.] Eog's flesh, salted, or 
pickled and dried, usually in smoke. — To save onc''s ba- 
con, is to preserve one's self from harm. 

BAC'LLE, ,(. [Fr. basntle.] In f>rtificatio7i, a. kind cf port- 
cullis or gate, made like a pit-fall. 

BAC'U-LTTE, N. [L.. baculus.] A genus of fossil shells. 

BAC-U-LOM E-TRY, v. [L. bacuUs, and Gr. ixcToov.] The 
act of measurmg distance or altitude by a staif or staves. 

BAD, a. Ill ; evil ; opposed to good ; a word of general 
use, denotmg pliysical defects and moral faults in men 
and thines ; whatever is injurious, hi;rtful, inconvenient, 
nnl-iwful, or immoral ; whatever is ofl'dnsive, painful, or 
unfavorable ; or what is defective. 



' See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— ByLL, UNITE •,— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH a3 in tbis. f Obsolete 



BAl 



68 



BAL 



BAD, BADE. The past tense of WtZ. See Bid. 

BAD6E, n. 1. A mark, sign, token, or thing, by which a 
person is distinguished. 2. The mark or token of any 
thing. 3. An ornament on ships, near the stern, deco- 
rated with tigures. 

BADGE, V. t. To mark, or distinguish with a badge. 

BADGE'LESS, a. Having no badge. Bp. Hall. 

BAD6 ER, n. In laic, a person who is licensed to buy corn 
in one place and sell it in another, without incurring the 
penalties of engrossing. 

BADg'ER, n. A quadruped of the genus ursus. — The Amer- 
ican badge)- is called the ground hog. 

BAD6 ER. V. t. To confound. 

BADGER-LEGGED, a. Having legs like a badger. 

BAD-I-A'GA, n. A small spunge in Russia. 

BAD'I-ANE, or BAN'DI-AN, n. The seed of a tree in 
China, which smells like anise seeds. 

BAD-I-GE'ON, n. A mixture of plaster and free stone, 
ground together and sifted. 

BAD'IN-AGE, ) n. [Er.l Light or playful discourse. Ches- 

BA-DIN'E-RIE, S tcrfieid. 

BAD'LY, adxi. In a bad manner ; not well ; unskilfully ; 
grievously ; unfortunately ; imperfectly. 

BADNESS, 71. The state of being bad, evil ; vicious or de- 
praved ; want of good qualities. 

BAF'FE-TAS, BAF'TAS, or BAS TAS, n. An India cloth, 
or plain muslin. That of Surat is said to be the best. 

BAFFLE, v. t. [Fr. befler.] To mock or elude by artifice ; 
to el'-.Je by shifts and turns ; hence, to defeat or con- 
fou:id. 

Bj*.i''FLE, V. i. To practice deceit. Barrow. 

^AF'FLE, 71. A defeat by artifice, shifts and turns. 

BAF'FLED, pp. Eluded ; defeated ; confounded. 

BAF'FLER, n. One that baffles. 

BAF'FLING, ppr. Eluding by shifts and turns, or by strat- 
agem ; defeating 5 confounding. 

BAG, n. [Norm, bage.] 1. A sack ; a pouch, usually of 
cloth or leather, used to hold, preserve, or convey corn 
and other commodities. 2. A sack in animal bodies 
containing some fluid, or other substance. 3. Formerly, 
a sort of silken purse tied to the hair. 4. In commerce, a 
certain quantity of a commodity, such as it is customary 
to carry to market in a sack ; as a bag of pepper. 

BAG, V. t. 1. To put into a bag. 2. To load with bags. 

BAG, V. i. To swell like a full bag, as sails when filled with 
wind. 

BAG-A-TELLE', (bag-a-tel') «. [Fr.] A trifle ; a thing of 
no importance. 

BAGGAGE, 71. [Fr. bagage.] 1. The tents, clothing, uten- 
sils, and other necessaries of an army. 2. The clothing 
and other conveniences, which a traveler carries with 
him on a journey. [The English now call this Zwo-gaife.] 

BAG'GAGE, n. [Fr. bagasse.] A low, worthless woman 5 a 
strumpet. 

BAG'GING, ppr. Swelling ; becoming protuberant. 

BAG'GING, 71. The cloth or materials for bags. U. States. 
Edwards^ W. Indies. 

BAGN'IO, (ban yo) n. [It. bagno ; Sp. bano.] 1. A bath ; 
a house for bathing, cupping, sweating, and otherwise 
cleanjing the body. 2. A brothel. 

BAG'PiPE, n. A musical wind instrument, used chiefly 
in Scotland and Ireland. It consists of a leathern bag, 
which receives the air by a tube, which is stopped by a 
valve ; and pipes, into which the air is pressed by the per- 
former. . 

BAG'Pl-PER, 71. One who plays on a bag-pipe. 

BAG'RE, 71. A small bearded fish, a species of siZmt-ms. 

BAG'REEF, n. A fourth and lower reef used in the British 
navy. 

BA-GUET', (ba-gef) n. [Fr. baguette.] In architecture, a 
little round molding, less than an astragal. 

BAR'RE ' ( "' Weights used in the East Indies. Encyc. 

fBAIGNE, V t. [Fr. 6aio-7ier.] To soak or drench. 

BaI'KAL-iTE, n. A mineral. 

BAIL, V. t. [Fr. and Norm, bailler.] 1. Tosetfree, deliver, 
or liberate, from arrest and imprisonment. 2. To deliv- 
er goods in trust, upon a contract. 3. To free from wa- 
ter, as to bail a boat. This word is improperly written bale. 

BAIL, 71. 1. The person or persons who procure the release 
of a prisoner from custody, by becoming surety for his 
appearance in court. 2. The security given for the release 
of a prisoner from custody. 3. The handle of a kettle or 
other vessel. 4. In England, a certain limit within a for- 
est. 

BaIL'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be set free upon bond with 
sureties ; that may be admitted to bail. 2. That admits 
of bail. 

BaIL'BOND, n. Abend or obligation given by a prisoner 
and his surety. 

Bailed, pp. l. Released from custody on bonds for ap- 
pearance in court. 2. Delivered in trust, to be carried 
and deposited, re-delivered, or otherwise accounted for. 
3. Freed from water, as a boat. 



BaI'LEE, 71. The person to whom goods are committed in 
trust. 

BaIL'ER, or BaIL'OR, n. One who delivers goods to an- 
other in trust. 

BaIL'IFF, ) 71. [Fr. baillif.] In England, an officer ap- 

BaIL'IF, \ pointed by the sheriff, who is the king's bailiflf. 

BaIL'I-WICK, 71. [Scot, bailli, and Sax. wic.] The precincts 
in which a bailiff has jurisdiction ; the limits of a bailiff's 
authority. 

BaIL'MENT, 71. A delivery of goods in trust, upon a con- 
tract. 

BaIL'PIeCE, n. A slip of parchment, or paper, containing 
a recognizance of bail above, or bail to the action. 

t BAIL Y, n. The office or jurisdiction of a bailiff. Wickliff. 

jBAIN, 71. [Fr. bain.] A bath. Hakewill. 

t BANE, V. t. To bathe. Tuberville. 

BaIRN, or BARN, n. [Sax. beam ; Scot, bairn.] A child 
Little used in English. 

BAIT, n. [Sax. batan.] 1. Any substance for food, used to 
catch fish, or other animals. 2. A portion of food and 
drink, or a refreshment taken on a jomney. 3. An allure 
ment ; enticement ; temptation. 

BAIT, V. t. 1. To put meat on a hook or line, or in an in- 
closure, or among snares, to allure fish, fowls and other 
animals into human power. 2. To give a portion of food 
and drink to man or beast upon the road. 

BAIT, V. i. To take a portion of food and drink for refresh- 
ment on a journey. 

BAIT, V. t. [Goth, beitan.] I. To provoke and harass 
by dogs ; to harass by the help of others. 2. To attack 
with violence •, to harass in the manner of small ani- 
mals. 

BAIT, V. i. To clap the wings ; to flutter as if to fly ; or to 
hover. 

BAIT, n. White bait, a small fish of the Thames. 

BaIT'ED, pp. 1. Furnished with bait 5 allured ; tempted. 
2. Fed, or refreshed, on the road. 3. Harassed by dogs 
or other small animals ; attacked. 

BAIT'ING, ppr. 1. Furnishing with bait ; tempting 5 allur- 
ing. 2. Feeding ; refreshing at an inn. 3. Harassing 
with dogs •, attacking. 

BAIZE, n. [Sp. bausan.] A coarse, woolen stuff, with a 
long nap. 

BAKE, V. t. [Sax. bacan.] 1. To heat, dry, and harden, as 
in an oven or furnace, or under coals of fire ; to dress and 
prepare for food, in a close place ; heated. 2. To dry and 
harden by heat, either in an oven, kiln, or furnace, or by 
the solar rays. 

BAKE, V. i. 1. To do the work of baking. 2. To be baked j 
to dry and harden in heat. 

BaKED, pp. Dried and hardened by heat ; dressed in 
heat. 

BaKE'HOUSE, n. A house or building for baking. 

BaKE'MEATS, 71. Meats prepared for food in an oven. 

BaK'EN, (bakn) pp. The same as baked, and nearly obso- 
lete. 

BaK'ER, n. One whose occupation is to bake bread, bis- 
cuit, &c. 

BAK'ER-FOOT, n. An ill-shaped or distorted foot. Tay- 
lor. 

BAK'ER-LEGGED, a. Having crooked legs, or legs that 
bend inward at the knees. 

BAK'ER-Y, n. 1 . The trade of a baker. 2. A place occu- 
pied with the business of baking bread, &c. 

BaK'ING, ppr. Drying and hardening in heat j dressing 
or cooking in a close place, or in heat. 

BaK'ING, n. The quantity baked at once ; as a 
of bread. 

BAL'AN, n. A fish of a beautiful yellow. 

BAL'ANCE, 71. [Fr. balance; Sp. balanza.] 1. A pair ol 
scales, for weighing commodities. 2. One of the simple 
powers in mechanics. 3. Figuratively, an impartial state 
of the mind, in deliberating, 4. As balance signifies 
equal weight, or equality, it is used for the weight or sum 
necessary to make two unequal weights or sums equal. 5. 
Balance of trade is an equal exportation of domestic pro- 
ductions, and importation of foreign. 6. Equipoise, or an 
equal state of power between nations ; as, the " balance 
of power." 7. Equipoise, or an equal state of the pas- 
sions. 8. That which renders weight or authority equal. 
9. The part of a clock or watch which regulates the 
beats. — 10. In astronomy, a sign in the zodiac, called, in 
Latin, Libra. — The hydrostatic balance is an instrument 
to determine the specific gravity of fluid and solid bodies 
The assay balance is one which is used in docimastic op- 
erations, to determine the weight of minute bodies. 
BAL'ANCE, V. t. 1. To adjust the weights in the scales of a 
balance, so as to bring them to an equipoise. 2. To weigh 
reasons •, to compare, by estimating the relative force, 
importance, or value of different things. 3. To regulate 
different powers, so as to keep them in a state of jist oro- 
portion. 4. To counterpoise ; to make of equal weigntor 
force ; to make equipollent ; to support the centre of grav 
ity. 5. To settle and adjust, as aa account 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I o, tJ, "?, long —FAR. FALL, WHAT j— PRfiY ;~PiN, IMAP.iNE, Eilll) : 



]' Giii'Olcta 



BAL 



BAL 



BAIi'ANCE, v.i. 1. T« have on each side equal weight ; to 
fce on a poise 2. To hesitate ; to fluctuate between mo- 
tives which appear of equal force. 

BAL'ANCEU, pp. Charged with equal weights ; standing 
on an equipoise ; regulated so as to be equal ; settled ; 
adjusted ; made equal in weight or amount. 

BAL'AlNCE-FlSH, n The zygoma, or marteau. 

BAL'AN-CER, 11. L The person who weighs, or who uses 
a balance 2. A member of an insect useful in balancing 
the body. 3. One skilled in balancing. 

BAL'ANCE-REEF, n. A reef band that crosses a sail di- 
agonally, used to contract it in a storm. 

BAL'AW-CING, ppr. Charging with equal weights ; being 
in a state of equipoise ; bringing to a state of equality ; 
regulating respective forces or sums to make them equal ; 
settling ; adjusting j paying a difference of accounts ; hes- 
itating. 

BAL'AN-CING, 71. Equilibrium ; poise. Spenser 

BAL'A-NlTE, n. A fossil shell of the genus balanus. 

BAL' ASS, or BAL' AS, n. [Sp. balax ; Fr. balais.] A va- 
riety of spinel ruby. 

BA-LALTS'TINE, n. The wild pomegranate-tree. 

BAL-iJu'CIN-ATE, ) v. i. [L. balbutic] To stammer in 

BAL-Bfj'TlATE, \ speaking. Diet. 

*BAL'€0-Nf ED, a. Having balconies. R. JSTorth. 

*BAL'eO-NY, n. [Fr. balcon ; It. halcone.'] In architec- 
ture, a frame of wood, iron or stone, in front of a house 
or other building. 

BALD, (bawid) a. [Sp. baldio.J 1. Destitute of hair, es- 
pecially on the top and back of the head. 2. Destitute of 
the natural covering. 3. Without feathers on the head. 
4. Destitute of troes on the top. 5. Unadorned ; inelegant. 

6. Mean ; naked j base ; without dignity or value. S/iak. 

7. In popular language, open, bold, audacious. 8. With- 
out beard or awn. 

BALD'A-€HIN, ) n. [It. baldaccliino ; Sp. baldaquin o."] In 

BALD'A-CIUIN, \ architecture, a building in form of a can- 
opy, supported by columns, and often used as a covering 
to insulated altars. 

BALD'M6N-Y, n. The same with gentian. 

BALD'ER-DASH, n. Mean, senseless prate; a jargon of 
words ; ribaldry ; any thing jumbled together without 
judgment. 

BALD'ER-DASH, v. t. To mix or adulterate liquors. 

BALD'LY, adv. Nakedly ; meanly •, inelegantly ; openly. 

BALD'NESS, n. Want of hair on the top and back of the 
head ; loss of hair ; meanness or inelegance of writing ; 
want of ornament. 

BALD'PATE, n. A pate without hair. 

BALD'PA-TED, a. Destitute of hair ; shorn of hair. 

BALD'RICK, n. [L. balteus, and rick.] 1. A girdle, or 
richly ornamented belt ; a war girdle. 2. The zodiac, 

BALE, n. [Fr. balle ; Ger. ballen.] 1. A bundle or pack- 
age of goods in a cloth cover, and corded for carriage or 
transportation. 2. Formerly, a pair of dice. 

BALE, V. t. To make up in a bale. 

t BALE, n. [^ax. beal, bealo.] Misery ; calamity. 

BAL-E-AR'I€, a. Pertaining to the isles of Majorca and 
Minorca. 

BaLE'FUL, a. I. Woeful ; sad ; sorrowful ; full of grief ; 
producing misery. 2. Mischievous ; destructive ; perni- 
cious ; calamitous ; deadly. 

BaLE'F(JL-LY, adv. Sorrowfully; perniciously; in a 
calamitous manner. 

BA-LIS'TER, n. [L. balista.] A cross bow. 

BA-LIZE', n. [Fr. balise.] A sea-mark ; a pole raised on a 
bank. 

BALK, (bawk) n. [Sax. bale ; W. bale] 1. A ridge of 
land, left unplowed, between furrows, or at the end of a 
field. 2. A great beam, or rafter. [G. balken ; D. balk.] 
3. Any thing left untouched, like a ridge in plowing. 4. 
A frustration ; disappointment. 

BALK, (bawk) v. t. 1. To disappoint ; to frustrate. 2. To 
leave untouched ; to miss or omit. 3. To pile, as in a 
heap or ridge. 4. To turn aside ; to talk beside one'; 
mean 

rows, as in American husbandry. 2. Frustrated ; disap- 
pointed. 

BALK'ER, (bawk'er) n. One who balks. 

BAliK'ING, ppr. Plowing in ridges ; frustrating. 

BALL, n. [G. ball ; I), bal ; Sw. ball.] 1. A round body ; 
a spherical substance. 2. A bullet. 3. A printer's ball, 
consisting of hair or wool, covered with leatlier, and used 
»X) put ink on the types in the forms. 4. The globe or earth, 
from its figure. 5. A globe borne as an ensign of author- 
ity. 6. Any part of the body that is round or protuberant ; 
as, the eye ball. 7. The weight at the bottom of a pendulum. 

BALL, 71. [Fr. bal ; It. ballo.] An entertainment of dancing. 

BALL, V. i. To form into a ball, as snow on horses' hoofs. 

BAL'LAD, 71. [It. ballata.] A song ; originally, a solemn 
song of praise ; but now a meaner kind of popular song. 

BAL'LAD, V. i. To make or sing ballads. Shak. 

\ BAL'LAD, V. i. To write ballads. 



meaning. [Obs.] Spenser. 5. To plow, leaving balks. 
ft.LK'ED, (bawkt) pp. 1. Plowed in ridges between fur- 



BAL'LAD-ER, n. A writer of ballads. Overbury. 

BAL'LAD-MA'KER, n. A maker or composer of oallads 

BAL'LAD-MoNG'ER, n. A dealer in writing ballads. 

BAL'LAD-RF, n. The subject or style of ballads. 

BAL'LAD-SIWG'ER, n. One whose employment is to sing 
ballads. 

BAL'LAD-ST1?LE, n. The air or manner of a ballad. 

BAL'LAD-TirNE, n. The tune of a ballad. Warton. 

BAL'LAD-WRiT'ER, n. A composer of ballads. 

jBAL'LA-RAG, v. t. To bully ; to threaten. Warton 

BAL'LAST, n. [Sax. bat, with last.] 1. Heavy matter, as 
stone, sand or iron, laid on the bottom of a ship or other 
vessel, to sink it in the water, to such a depth as to ena- 
ble it to carry sufficient sail without oversetting. 2. 
Figuratively, that which is used to make a thing steady. 

BAt'LAST, V. t. 1. To place heavy substances on the bot- 
tom of a ship or vessel, to keep it from oversetting. 2, 
To keep any thing steady, by counterbalancing its force 

BAL'LAST-ED, ;;p. Furnished with ballast ; kept steady 
by a counterpoising force. 

BAL'LAST-IMG, ppr. Furnishing with ballast; keeping 
steady. 

BAL'LAST-ING, n. Ballast; that which is used for ballast 

BAL'LA-TED, a. Sung in a ballad. [Little used.] 

BAL-LA-TOON'', n. A heavy luggage boat employed on 
the rivers about the Caspian lake. 

BAL'-LA-TRY, n. A song ; a jig. Milton. 

BAL'LET, n. [Fr. ballet.] 1. A kind of dance ; an in- 
terlude ; a comic dance, consisting of a series of severa. 
airs, with different movements, representing some subject 
or action. 2. A kind of dramatic poem, representing some 
fabulous action or subject, 

BAL'LI-AGE, or, more correctly, Idilage, n. [Ir. baile.] A 
small duty paid to the city of London by aliens, and even 
by denizens, for certain commodities exported by tliem. 

BAL'LIARDS. See Billiards. 

BAL'LIS-TER. See Balustek. 

BAL-LIS'Tie, a. [L. balista.] Pertaining to the balista^ 
or to the art of shooting darts. 

BAL-LIS'TI€S, n. The science or art of throwing missive 
weapons, by the use of an engine. 

BAL-LOON', 71. [Fr. ballon.] 1. In general, any spherical, 
hollow body. — 2. In chemistry, a round vessel with a 
short neck, to receive whatever is distilled ; a glass re- 
ceiver, of a spherical form. — 3. In architecture, a ball or 
globe, on the top of a pillar.— 4. In fireworks, a ball of 
pasteboard, or kind of bomb, stuffed with combustibles, to 
be played off, when fired, either in the air, or in water, 
which, bursting like a bomb, exhibits sparks of fire like 
stars. 5. A game, somewhat resembling tennis, played 
in an open field, with a large ball of leather, inflated with 
wind. 6. A bag or hollow vessel, made of silk or other 
light material, and filled with hydrogen gas or heated air, 
so as to rise and float in the atmosphere ; called, for dis- 
tinction, an air-balloon. 

BALLOON', or BAL'LO-EN, n. A state barge of Siam, 
made of a single piece of timber. 

BAL'LOT, n. [Fr. ballutte.] 1, A ball used in voting. 2. 
A ticket, or written vote, being given in lieu of a ballot, is 
now called by the same name. 3. The act of voting by 
balls or tickets. 

BAL'LOT, 7). i. 1. To vote by ballot. 2. To vote by writ- 
ten papers or tickets. 

BAL'LO-TADE, or BAL'0-TADE, n. In the menage, a 
leap of a horse between two pillars, or upon a straightline, 
so that when his fore feet are in the air, he shows nothing 
but the shoes of his hind feet, without jerking out. 

BAL-LO-Ta'TION, n. A voting by ballot. [Little used.] 

BAL'LOT-BOX, 71. A box for receiving ballots. 

BALM, (bam) n. [Fr baume.] 1. The sap or juice of trees 
or shrubs remarkably odoriferous or aromatic, 2. Any 
fragrant or valuable ointment. Shak. 3, Any thing which 
heals, or which soothes or mitigates pain, — 4, In botany, 
the name of several aromatic plants, particularly of the 
genus 7nelissa. 

Balm of Qilead. A plant of the genus amyris. Its leaves 
yield, when bruised, a strong aromatic scent ; and from 
this plant is obtained the balm of Oilead of the shops, or 
balsam of Mecca or of Syria, 

BALM, V. t. 1, To anoint with balm. 2. To soothe ; to 
mitigate ; to assuage 

BALM'Y, (bam'e) a. 1, Having the qualities of balm , 
aromatic. 2. Producing balm, 3. Soothing ; soft ; mild 
4, Fragrant ; odoriferous, 5, Mitigating ; easing ; assuaging. 

BAL NE-AL, a. [L, balneum.] Pertaining to a bath. 

BAL'NE-A-RY, n. [L, balnearium.] A bathing room 
Broicn . 

BAL-NE-A'TION, n. The act of bathing, JBrowTi, 

BAL'NE-A-TO-RY, a. Belonging to a bath or stove. 

BAL'NE-UM, 71. [L,] Used in chemistry, for a vessel 

BAL'SAM, 71, [Gr. ^aXaayiOv.] An oily, aromatic, resirious 
substance, flowing spontaneously, or by incision, from 
certain plants. 

Balsam apple. An annual Indian plant. 



* See Synopsis. M5VE, BOOK, D6VE ;— Bl^LL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH aa SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



BAN 



70 



BAN 



Balsam tree. A name given to a genus of plants. 

halsam of Sulphur is a solution of sulphur in oil. 

balsam of Pent. The produce of a tree in Peru. 

t BAL SAM, V. t. To render balsamic ; to soften. 

BA'L-teAM/'\.'TJON, n. The act of rendering balsamic. 

i:.AL,-SAM''e, or BAL-SAM i€-AL, a. Having tlie qualities 
of bitJsani ; stimulating j unctuous ; soft ; mitigating ; mild. 

I!AL-bA.i ff , n. A warm, stimulating, demulcent medi- 
cine, of a t>nooth and oily consistence. 

iJAL JSA-Ml\£, 71. Touch-me-not, or impatiens, a genus of 
'plants. 

DALteAM-Sl'/EAT-ING, a. Yielding balsam. 

LXi^T'ie, 11. The sea which separates Norway and Swe- 
den fiv^m Ju land, Holslein and Germany. 

BALT'l€, a Pertaining to tlie sea of that name ; situated 
oil the Baltic sea. 

BAL'US-TER, n. [It. balaustro; Sp. balaustre ; Fr. balustre.] 
'I'his is corrupted into banister. A small column or pilas- 
ter, of various forms and dimensions, used for balustrades. 

BAij Ut-TERED, a. Having balusters. Soames. 

BAL'tJfe-TltADK, n. [tep. balaustrado ; It. balaustrata ; 
Fr. balustrade.] A row of balusters, joined by a rail, 
serving as a fence or inclosure, for altars, balconies, stair- 
cases, terraces, tops of buildings, &c. 

BAii, or BEAM, as an initial syllable in names of places, 
signifies wood ; implying that the place took its name from 
a grove, or forest. Ger. bauvi, a tree. 

BAM'liOO, ?(. A plant of the reed kind, or genus arundo, 
growing in the East Indies. 

BAAt-BOO ZLE, V. t. To confound ; to deceive ; to play 
low tricks, [ji low word.] 

BAM-BOO ZLER, n. A cheat ; one who plays low tricks. 

BAA^, ?i. [Sax. bannan, abannan.] 1. A public proclama- 
tion or edict ; a public order or notice, mandatory or pro- 
hibitory. 2. Notice of a marriage proposed, or of a mat- 
rimonial contract, proclaimed in a church. 3. An edict of 
interdiction or proscription. Hence, to put a prince under 
tJie ban of the empire, is to divest Jiim of his dignities. 4. 
Interdiction ; prohibition. Milton. 5. Curse •, excommu- 
nication ; anathema. Raleigh. 6. A pecuniary mulct or 
penalty laid upon a delinquent for offending against a ban. 
7. A mulct paid to the bishop by one guilty of sacrilege 
and other crimes. 8. In military affairs, a proclamation 
by beat of drum, requiring a strict observance of disci- 
pline, either for declaring a new officer, or for punishing 
an offender. — 9. In commerce, a smooth, fine muslin, im- 
ported from the East Indies. 

!>A-V, V. t. To curse ; to execrate. Shak. Knolles. 

biA, V. i. To curse. Spenser. , 

■• i;A-NA NA, n. A species of the genus musa, or plantain- 
tree, and its fruit. 

!?AND, n. [Sax. banda ; Sw. band.] 1. A fillet ; a cord ; a 
tie ; a chain ; any narrow ligament wUh which a thing is 
hound, tied or fastened, or by which a number of things 
are confined together. — 2. In arcliitecture, any flat, low 
member or molding, broad, but not deep, called also fascia, 
ate or plinth. 3. Figuratively, any chain; any means 
of restraint ; that which draws or confines. 4. IMeans of 
union or connection between persons. 5. Any thing 
b.)und round or encircling another. 6. Something worn 
;iboiU the neck. 7. A company of soldiers ; the body of 
men united under one flag or ensign. Also, indefnitely, 
a troop, a body of armed men. 8. A company of persons 
united in any common design. 9. A slip of canvas, 
sewed across a sail to strengthen it. — The bands of a sad- 
dle are two pieces of iron iiailed upon the bows, to hold 
them in their proper situation. Johnson. 

BAND, v.t. 1. To bind together-, to bind over with a 
band. 2. To unite in a troop, company or confederacy. 

BAND, V. i. To unite ; to associate ; to confederate for 
some common purpose. 

BArxiDAGE, ?(. [Fr.] 1. A fillet, roller, or swath, used in 
dressing and binding up wounds, restraining hemor- 
rhages, and joining fractured and dislocated bones. 2. 
Something resembling a bandage ; that which is bound 
over another. 

BAN-DAN'A, n. A species of silk handkerchief. 

BAND'BOX, n. A slight paper box for bands, caps, bonnets, 
muffs, or other light articles. 

BAND'ED, pp. Bound with a band ; united in a band. 

BAND'ER, n. One that bands or associates with others. 

BAND'F",R-£T, n. In Sicisserland, a genertil in chief of 
military forces. 

IIAND'IED, pp. Beat or tossed to and fro; agitated; con- 
troverted without ceremony. 

BAND'IiSG, ppr. Binding with a band ; uniting in a band 
or company. 

BA-N'DIT, n. ; plu. Bandits, or Banditti, (ban-dit'te) 
[It. oandito.] An outlaw ; also, in a general sense, a rob- 
ber ; a highwayman ; a lawless or desperate fellow. 

BAN'DLE, n. An Irish measure of two feet in length. 

BANDLET, I n. [Pr. bandelette.] Any little band or flat 

BANDE-LET, \ molding. 

BAN DOG, 71. A large species of dog. Shak. 



BAN-DO-LEERS', n. [Sp. bandolera.] A large leathern 
belt, thrown over the right shpulder, and hanging undei 
the left arm ; worn by ancienf musketeers for sustaining 
their fire arms, and their musket charges, which, being 
put into little wooden cases, and coated with leather, 
were hung, to the number of twelve, tc each bandoleer. 

tBANDON, ?t. Disposal; license. Chaucer. 

BANDORE, 71. [Sp. bandurria.] A musical stringed instru- 
ment, like a lute. 

BANDROL, 71. [Fi, banderole.] 1. A little flag or streamer 
in form of a guidon, used to be hung on the masts of ves- 
sels. 2. The little fringed silk flag that hangs on a 
trumpet. 

BAND'STRING, n. A string appendant to a band. 

BAND'Y, n. [Fr. bander.] A club for striking a ball at play 

BAND'Y, V. t. 1. To beat to and fro, as a ball in play 
2. To exchange ; to give and receive reciprocally. 3. I'd 
agitate ; to toss about, as from mau to man. 

BAND'Y, V. i. To contend, as at some game, in which 
each strives to drive the ball his own way. 

BAND'Y-ING, ppr. Beating, impelling or tossing from one 
to another ; agitating in controversy without ceremony. 

BAND'Y-LEG, ji. A crooked leg ; a leg bending inward or 
outward. 

BAND'Y-LEGGED, a. Having crooked legs. 

BANE, 7?. [Sax. bana.] Poison of a deadly quality ; hence 
any fatal cause of mischief, injury or destruction. 

BANE, V. t. To poison. Shak. 

BaNE'-BER-RY, n. A name of the herb Christopher, actaia, 
or aconitum racemosum. 

BaNE'FUL, a. Poisonous ; pernicious ; destructive. 

BaNE'FUL-LY, adv. Perniciously ; destructively. 

BaNE'FUL-NESS, n. Poisonousness ; destructiveness. 

BaNE'-WoRT, n. A plant, called also deadly nightshade. 

BANG, V. t. [Dan. banker.] 1. To beat, as with a club or 
cudgel ; to thump; to cudgel, [^i loic word.] 2. To beat or 
handle roughly ; to treat with violence. 

BANG, n. A blow with a club ; a heavy blow. Shak. 

BANG ING, a. Large ; great. Grose. 

BANGLE, V. t. To waste by little and little ; to squander 
carelessly. Johnson. 

*BAN'IAN, n. ]. A man's undress or morning gown, as 
worn by the Banians in the East Indies. 2. A Gentoo ser- 
vant, employed as an agent in commerce. 3. A tree in 
India. Milton. 

BAN'ISH, V. t. [Fr. bavnir.] 1. To condemn to exile, or 
compel to leave one's country. 2. To drive away ; to 
compel to depart. 3. To quit one's country voluntarily ; 
as, he banished himself. 

BAN'iSHED, pp. Compelled to leave one's country ; driven 
away 

BAN'iSH-ER, 71. One who compels another to quit his 
country 

BAN'ISH- ING, ppr. Compelling to quit one's country ; 
driving away. 

BAN'ISH -MENT, n. 1. The act of compelling a citizen to 
leave his country. 2. A voluntary forsaking of one's coun- 
try upon oath, called abjuration. 3. The state of being 
banished ; exile. 4. The act cf driving away or dispelling 

BAN'IS-TER, n. A corruption of baluster, which see. 

BANK, 71. 1. A mound, pile or ridge of earth, raised above 
the surrounding plain. 2. Any steep acclivity, whether 
rising from a river, a lake, or the sea, or forming the side 
of a ravine. 3. A bench, or a bench of rowers, in a gal- 
ley. 4. A collection or stock of money. 5. The place 
where a collection of money is deposited ; a house used 
for a bank. 6. A company of persons concerned in a 
bank. 7. An elevation, or rising ground, in the sea , 
called iiiso fiats, shoals, shelves or shallows. 

BANK, V. t. 1. To raise a mound or dike ; to inclose, de- 
fend or fortify with a bank. 2. To pass by the banks of. 
Shak. fJVot in use.] 3. To lay up or deposit money in a 
bank. [Little used.] 

BANK'A-BLE, a. Receivable at a bank, as bills ; or dis- 
countable, as notes. [Ofrece?it origin.] 

BANK-BILL, or BANK-NOTE, n. A promissory note, is- 
sued by a banking company. 

BANKED, pp. Raised in a ridge or mound of earth ; inclosed, 
or fortified with a bank. 

BANK'ER, n. 1. One who keeps a bank. 2. A vessel em 
ployed in the cod fishery on the banks of Newfoundland 
Mar. Diet. 

BANK'ING, p;)r Raising a mound or bank ; inclosing with 
a bank. 

BANK'ING, n. The business or employment of a banker. 

BANK'RUPT, n. [Fr. banquerovte.] 1, A trader who se- 
cretes himself, or does certain other acts tending to defraud 
his creditors. 2. A trader who becomes unable to pay his 
just debts ; an insolvent trader. 

BANK'RUPT, a. Having committed acts of bankruptcj'^ , 
unable to pay just debts ; insolvent. 

BANK'RUPT, V. t. To break one in trade ; to make inso] 
vent. 

BANK'RUPT-C"y , n. 1. The state of being a bankrupt, oi 



• See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, XJ, ^, long.— FAR, FALL, WH.^T ;— PREY ;— PTN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete 



BAR 



71 



BAR 



insolvent , inability to pay all debts. 2. The act of be- 
coming a bankrupt. 

BAN K a UPT-E D, pp. Rendered insolvent. 

BAiXKiRUPT-lIVG, ppr. Breaking in trade , rendering in- 
solvent. 

BANKRUPT-LAW, 71. A law, which, upon a bankrupt's 
surrendering all his property to :omraissioners for the 
benefit of his creditors, discharges hhn from the payment 
of Ills debts. 

BANK'RUPT-SV^S'TEM, n. A system of laws and legal 
proceedings in regard to Itankrupts 

BAiNK-STOCK, n. A share or shares in the capital stock of 
a bank. 

BANiVER, 71. [Fr. hanniere.] 1. A square flag; a military 
ensign , the principal standard of a prince or state. 2. A 
streamer borne at the end of a lance or elsewhere. — 3. In 
botany, tlie upper petal of a papilionaceous corol. 

BAN'iVERED, a. Furnished witii or bearing banners. 

BAiN'NER-ET, n. [Fr.] A kniglit made in the field. On 
the day of battle, the candidates presented their flags to 
the king ar general, who cut off the train or skirt, and 
made it square. They were then called knights- of the 
square flag. 

BANNIAN. See Banian. 

BAN'NE-RoL. See Bandrol. 

t BAN-NI"TION, n. [L. bannitus.] The act of expulsion. 
.^bp. Laud. 

BANNOCK, n. [If. boinneog.] A cake made of oatmeal or 
peas-meal, baked on an iron plate over the fire. 

BAN'OY. 7i. A species of hawk. 

BAN'aUET, 7i. [Fr. banquet.] A feast; a rich entertain- 
ment of meat and drink. 

BAN'aUET, V. t. To treat with a feast. 

BAN'Q.UET, V. i. To feast ; to regale one's self with good 
eating and drinking. Shak. 

BAN'aUET-ED, jW- Feasted ; richly entertained at the 
table. 

BAN'CIUET-ER, 7!. 1. A feaster ; one who lives delicious- 
ly. 2. One who makes feasts or rich entertainments. 

BAN'aUET-ING, ppr. 1. Feasting ; entertaining with rich 
fare. 2. Partaking of rich fare. 

BAN'aUET-ING, n. A feast ; luxurious living. 

BAN'aUET-ING-HOUSE, or BAN'QUET-HOUSE, n. A 
house where entertainments are made. 

BAN aUFT-ING-ROOM, n. A saloon, or spacious hall for 
public entertainments. 

BAN-aUETTE', or BAN-aUET', (ban-kef) 7i. [Fr.] In 
fortification, a little raised way or foot bank, running 
along the inside of a parapet, on which musketeers stand 
to fire upon the enemy. 

BAN'SIIEE, or BEN'SHI, n. An Irish fairv. Todd. 

BAN'ST[€-KLE, 71. A small fish, called also stickle-back. 

BAN'TER, V. t. To play upon in words and in good liu- 
mor , to rally ; to joke, or jest with. 

BAN'TER, 71. A joking or jesting ; raillery ; wit or humor ; 
pleasantry. 

BAN'TERED, pp. Rallied ; laughed at in good humor 

BAN'TER-ER, 7i, One who banters, or laughs at with 
pleasantry. 

BAN'TER-ING, ppr. Joking ; laughing at with good hu- 
mor. 

BANT'LING, 77. A young child ; an infant. 

BAPTISM, 77. [Gr. ^aTznana.] I. The application of water 
to a person, as a sacrament or religious ceremony, by 
which he is initiated into the visible church of Christ. 
2. The sufferings of Christ. 3. So much of the gospel as 
was preached by John the Baptist. 

BAP-TIS'MAL, a. Pertaining to baptism. 

BAP'TIST, 71. ]. One who administers baptism. This ap- 
pellation is appropriately given to John, the forerunner 
of Christ. 2. As a contraction of Anabaptist, one who 
denies the doctrine of infant baptism, and maintains that 
baptism ought to be administered only to adults by im- 
mersing the body in water. 

BAP'TIS-TER-Y, 77. [L. baptisterium.] A place where the 
sacrament of baptism is administered. 

BAP-TlS'Tr^ ) 

BAP-TIS'TI €'\1, [ '^' Pertaining to baptism. Bramhall. 

BAP-TiZE', V. t. [Gr. ^aTrri^o}.] To administer the sacra- 
mentof baptism to ; to christen. 

BAP-TiZ'ED, (bap-tizd') pp. Having received baptism ; 
christened. 

BAP-TiZ'ER, 71. One who christens, or administers bap- 
tism ._ 

BAP-TlZ'ING, ppr. Administering baptism to ; cliristen- 
ing. 

BAR, 7?. [W. bar.] 1. A piece of wood, iron or other solid 
matter, long in proportion to its diameter, used for various 
purposes, but especially for a hindrance or obstruction. 
2. Any obstacle which obstructs, hinders or defends ; an 
obstruction ; a fortification. 3. The shore of the sea, 
wliich restrains its waters. 4. The railing that ijicloses 
the place which coimsel occupy in courts of justice ; the 
body of lawyers licensed in a court. 5. Figuratively, any 



tribunal ; as, the Z»ai of public opinion. 6. The inclosed 
place of a tavern, inn or coffee house, wmjre the land- 
lord or his servant delivers out liquors, ahJ waits upon 
customers ^. A bank of sand, gravel, or earth, forming 
a slioal at the mouth of a river or harbor, obstructing en- 
trance, or rendering it difficult. 8. A rock in the sea ; 
any thing by which structure is held together. 9. Any 
thing laid across another ; as, bars in hei-aldry, stripes in 
color, and the like. — JO. In the menage, the highest part 
of the place in a horse's mouth between the grinders and 
tusks. — 11. In music, bars are lines drawn perpendicu- 
larly across the lines of the staff, including between each 

two a certahi quantity of time, or number of beats 

12. In lav:, a peremptory exception, sufticient to destroy 
the plaintifl^s action, i;^. A bar of gold or silver is an 
ingot, lump or wedge, from the mines, run in a mold, 
and unwrought. A bar of iron is a long piece, wrought 
in the forge, and hammered from a pig. — 14 Among p?-i«£- 
ers, the iron witli a wooden handle, by which the scxew 
of the press is turned. 

BAR, V. t. 1. To fasten with a bar. 2. To hinder ; to ob- 
struct, or prevent. 3. To prevent ; to exclude ; to hinder ; 
to make impracticable. 4. To prohibit ; to restrain or ex- 
clude by express or unplied prohibition. 5. To obstruct, 
prevent or hinder by any moral obstacle. 6. To except ; 
to exclude by exception. 7. To cross with stripes of a 
different color. 8. To bar a vein, in farriery, is an opera 
tion upon the legs of a horse, to stop malignant humors, 
9. To adorn with trappings ; a contraction of barb. 

BARB, 71. [L. barba.] 1. Beard, or that which resembles it, 
or grows in the place of it. 2. The down, or jmbes, cov- 
ering the surface of some plants. 3. Anciently, armor 
for horses ; formerly, barbe or barde. 4. A common name 
of the Barbary pigeon. 5. A horse from Barbary, of 
which it seems to be a contraction. 6. The points thai 
stand backward in an arrow, fish-hook, or other instru- 
ment for piercing, intended to prevent its being extract- 
ed. — 7. In botany, a straight process armed with teeth 
pointing backward like the sting of a bee. 

BARB, V. t. I. To shave ; to dress the beard. [Obs.] Shak. 
2. To furnish with barbs, as an arrow, fish-hook, spear, or 
other instrument. 3. To put armor on a horse. Milton. 

BaR'BA-€AN, 71. [Fr. barbacane.] 1. A fortification or 
outer defense to a city or castle. 2. A fortress at the 
end of a bridge, or at the outlet of a city, having a double 
wall with towers. 3. An opening in the wall of a for- 
tress, through which guns are leveled and fired upon an 
enemy. 

BAR-Ba'DOES-CHER'RY, 77. The malpia-hia. 

BAR-Ba'DOES TAR, n. A mineral fluid" of the nature of 
the thicker fluid bitumens. 

BAR-Ba RI-AN, n. [L. barbarus ; Gr. l3ap§apos.] 1. A 
man in his rude, savage slate ; an uncivilized person. 
2. A cruel, savage, brutal man ; one destitute of pity or 
humanity. 3. A foreigner. 

BAR-Ba'R1-AN, a. 1. Belonging to savages ; rude ; uncivil- 
ized. 2. Cruel ; inhuman. 

BAR-BAR'I€, a. [L. barbaricv^.] Foreign ; imported from 
foreign nations. 

BaR'BA-RISM, 77. [L. barbarismus.] 1. A form of speech 
contrary to the pure idioms of any language 2. Igno- 
rance of arts ; want of learning. Dryden. 3. Rudeness 
of manners ; savagism ; incivility ; ferociousness ; a 
savage state of society. Spenser. 1 Brutality ; cruelty ; 
barbarity. 

BAR-BAR'I-TY, 7i. 1. The manners of a barbarian ; savage- 
ness ; cruelty ; ferociousness ., .nhumanity. 2. Barba- 
rism ; impurity of speech. 

BAR'BAR-iZE, v. t. To make barbarous. Burke. 

t BAR'BAR-lZE, n. i. To commit a barbarism. Milton. 

BAR'BAR-OUS, a. I. Uncivilized; savage; unlettered, 
untutored ; ignorant ; unacquainted with arts ; stranger 
to civility of manners. 2. Cruel ; ferocious ; inhuman. 

BAR'BAR-OUS-LY, adv. 1. In the manner of a barbarian ; 
ignorantly ; without knowledge or arts ; contrary to the 
rules of speech. 2. In a savage, cruel, ferocious or inhu- 
man manner. 

BAR'BAR-OUS-NESS, 71. 1. Rudeness or incivility of man- 
ners. 2. rmpurity of language. 3. Cruelty ; inhumanity j 
barbarity 

BAR'BA-R\ , 71 A barbary horse ; a barb. 

BAR'BAS-TEL, n. A bat with hairy lips. 

BAR'BATE, ./ a. [L. barbatus.] In botany, bearded; also 

BAR'BA-TED, \ gaping or ringent. 

BARBE In the military art, to fire in barbe, is to fire the 
cannon over the parapet. 

BAR'BE-€UE, n. In the West Indies, a hog roasted whole 
Lt is, with us, used for an ox, or perhaps any other animal, 
dressed in like manner. 

BAR'BE-€UE, v. t. To dress and roast a hog whole ; to 
roast any animal whole. 

BARBED, pp. 1. Furnished with armor. 2. Bearded j 
jagged with hooks or points. 3. Shaved or trimmed i 
having the beard dressed. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, UOVE ;— BULL, UNITE— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this f Obsolete. 



BAR 



72 



BAR 



BXR'BEL, 71. [L. barba.] 1. A fish of the genus cyprinus. 
2. A knot of superfluous flesh, growing in the channels 
of a horse's mouth ; written also barbie, or barb. 

BaR'BER, 71. [Persian, barbr.] One whose occupation is to 
shave men, or to shave and dress hair. Shak. 

BaR'BER, v. t. To shave and dress hair. Shak. 

BARBER-em-RURGEON, ?i. One who joins the practice 
of surgery with tljat of a barber, a practice now unusual ; 
a low nractitiouer of surgery. 

r Bar BER-ESS, 71. A female barber, 

RaR'BER-MoNG'ER, n. A man who frequents the bar- 
bci'sshop: a fop. Shak. 

BaR'BER-RY , 71. [L. berberis.] A plant of the genus ber- 
berL-, common in hedges ; called in England pipperidge- 
bash, 

BaR'BET, n. 1. A name of a species of worms. 2. The 
bucco, a genus of birds. 3. A dog so called from liis long 
hair. 

BaRD, 71. [W. bardh.] ]. A poet and a singer among the 
ancient Celts. 2. In modern usage, a poet. Pope. 

BARD, 71. The trappmgs of a horse. 

BARD'ED, a. In heraldry, caparisoned. 

BAR-DSS'A-NJbTS, n. A sect of heretics, who sprung 
from Bardesanes. 

BARD'ie, a. Pertaining to bards, or to their poetry. 

BaRD'ISH, a. Pertainuig to bards ; written by a bard. 

BARD'ISM, rt. The science of bards ; the learning and 
maxims of bards. Owen. 

BARE, a. [Sax. bar, or te?-.] 1. Naked ; without cover- 
ing. 2. With the head uncovered, from respect. 3. 
Plain ; simple ; unadorned ; without the polish of refined 
jnaniiers. 4. Laid open to view ; detected ; no longer 
concealed. 5. Poor ; destitute ; indigent ; empty ; un- 
furnishsd. 6. Tliread-bare ; much worn. 7. Wanting 
clothes ; or ill-supplied with garments. 

BARFu, :. t. [Sax. abarian.] To strip off the covering ; to 
make naked. 

f BARE. The old preterit of bear, now bore. 

BaRE'BOi^E, 7t. A very lean person. 

BaRE'BoNED, fl. Lean, so that the bones appear, or, rath- 
er, so that the bones show their forms. 

BARED, pp. Made bare -, made naked. 

BaRE'FACED, a. 1. With the face uncovered ; not mask- 
ed. 2. Undisguised ; unreserved ; without concealment ; 
hence, shameless ; impudent ; audacious. 

BaRE^FA-CED-LY, adv. Without disguise or resen^e ; 
openly ; impudently. 

EaRE'FA-CED-NESS, n. Effrontery ; assurance ; auda- 
ciousness. 

Barefoot, a. with the feet bare ; without shoes and 
stockings. 

BARE FOOT, a. or adv. With the feet bare. 

BaRE'FOOT-ED, a. Having the feet bare. 

BaRE'GjMAWN, (bare'nawn) a. Eaten bare. Shak. 

BaRE'HEAD-ED, a. Having the head uncovered, either 
from respect or other cause. 

BaRE'H£AD-ED-NESS, n. The state of being bareheaded. 

BaRE'LEGGED, a. Having the legs bare. 

BaRE'LY, ot/y. Nakedly ; poorly; indigently; without 
decoration ; merely ; only ; without any thing more. 

BaRE'NECKED, a. Having the neck uncovered. 

BaRE'NESS, n. Nakedness ; leanness ; poverty ; indi- 
gence ; defect of clothes. 

BaREPICKED, a. Picked to the bone. Skak. 

BaRE'RIBBED, a. Lean. Shak. 

BAR'FUL. See Barrful. 

BaR'GAIN, (bar'gin) 71. [Fr. barguigner.] 1. An agree- 
ment between parties concerning the sale of pi'operty ; a 
contract. 2. Stipulation ; interested dealing. 3. Pur- 
chase, or the thing purchased. 

BAR'GAIN, V. i. To make a contract or agreement. 

BAR'GAIN, V. t. To sell ; to transfer for a consideration. 

BAR-GAIN-EE', ?). The party in a contract who receives 
or agrees to receive the property sold. 

BAR GAIiV-ER, n. The party in a contract who stipulates 
to sell and convey property to another. 

BARGE, (barj) n. [D. bargie.^ 1 A pleasure boat ; a ves- 
sel or boat of state, elegantly furnished. 2. A flat-bot- 
tom^ftd vessel of burden, for loading and unloading ships. 

BARGE'-GoUP-LES, 7!. In architecture, a beam mortised 
into another, to strengthen the building. 

BARGE'-GoURSE, n. In bricklaving, a part of the tiling 
wliich projects beyond the principal rafters. 

BARGE MAN, n. The man who manages a barge. 

BARG E'MAS-TER, n. The proprietor of a barge, cc 
goods for hire. 

BARG'ER, 71. The manager of a barge. 

BA-RIL'LA, 7t. [Sp.] 2. A plant cultivated in Spain for 
its ashes, from which the purept kind of mineral alkali is 
obtained. 2. The alkali procured from this plant, 

BARI-TONE. See Barytone. 

BAR'I-UM, 77. The metallic basis of barytes, which is an 
oxyA oi barium. Davy. 

BARK, 71. [Dan. bark.'\ 1. The rind or exterior covering of 



rge, conveymj 



a tree, correspondhig to the skin of an animal. 2. By 
■way of distinction, Peruvian bark. 

BARK, V. t. To peel ; to strip off bark. Also, to cover or 
inclose with bark. 

BARK, or BARaUE, n. [Ir. bare ; Fr. barque.] A small 
ship ; but appropriately, a ship wliich carries three masts 
without a mizzen top-sail. 

BARK, V. i. [Sax. beorcan.] 1. To make the noise of dogs, 
when they threaten or pursue. 2. To clamor at ; to pur- 
sue with umeasonable clamor or reproach. 

BARK'-BARED, a. Stripped of the bark. Mortimer. 

BARK'-BOUND, a. Having the bark too firm or close, as 
with trees. 

BARKED, pp. Stripped of the bark ; peeled ; also, covered 
with bark. 

BARK'ER, n. One who barks, or clamors unreasonably ; 
one who strips trees of their bark. 

BARK'-GALLED, a. Having the bark galled, as with 
thorns. 

BARK'ING, ppr. Stripping off bark ; making the noise of 
dogs ; clamoring ; covering with bark. 

BARK'Y, a. Consisting of bark ; containing bark. Shak. 

BAR'LEA'^j 77. [W. barlys.] A species of gi-ain, used espe 
cially for making malt, from which are distilled liquors of 
extensive use, as beer, ale and porter. 

BAR LEY-BRAKE, 71, A rural play ; a trial of swiftness. 

BAR'LEY-BROTH, n. A low word for strong beer. 

BAR'LEY-€ORN, n. A gram of barley ; the third part of 
an inch in length ; hence originated our measures of 
length. 

EAR'LEY-MOW, 77. A mow of bailey, or the place where 
barley is deposited. 

BAR'LEY-SUGAR, (barle-shu-gar) n. Sugar boiled tUl it 
is brittle, formerly with a decoction of barley. 

BAR'LEY^-WA'TER, 71. A decoction of barley. 

BARM, 71. [Sax. beorm.] Yeast ; the scum rising upon beer, 
or other malt liquors, when fermenting, and used as 
leaven. 

BARM'Y, a. Containing barm, or yeast, Shak. 

BARN,?!. [Sa.x. ber em.] A covered building for securing 
grain, hay, flax, and other productions of the earth. In 
the JSTortherii States of Jimerica, the farmers generally use 
barns for stabling their horses and cattle ; so that, among 
them, a bam is both a cornhouse, or grange, and a stable. 

t BARN, V. t. To lay up in a barn. Shak. 

BAR']^-€LE, 71. [Port. &e'/-7taca.] 1. A shell, which is 
often found on the bottoms of ships, rocks, and timber, 
below the surface of the sea. 2. A species of goose, found 
in the northern seas, but visiting more southern climates 
in whiter. 3. In the plural, an instrument to put upon a 
horse's nose, to confine him, for shoeing, bleeding, or 
dressing. 

BARN'-DoOR, 71. The door of a barn. Milton. 

BAR'O-LlTE, n. [Gr. 0apos and \idos.] Carbonate of 
barytes. 

BA-ROM'E-TER,77. [Gr. fiapos and perpov.] An instrument 
for measuring the weight or pressure of the atmosphere. 
Its uses are to indicate changes of weather, and to deter 
mine the altitude of mountains. 

BAR-0-MET'RI-€AL, a. Pertaining or relating to the ba- 
rometer ; made by a barometer. 

BAR-0-MET'RI-€AL-LY, adv. By means of a barometer. 

BAR'ON, n. [Fr. baron ; Sp. baron, or varon ; It. barcne.} 

1. In Great Britain, a title or degree of nobility ; a lord ; 
a peer ; one who holds the rank of nobility next below 
that of a viscount. 2. Baron is a title of certain oflicers, 
as, barons of the exchequer. Barons of the Cinque Ports 
are members of the house of commons, elected by the 
seven Cinque Ports. — 3. In law, a husband ; as, baron 
and feme, husband and wife. 

BAR'ON- AGE, n. 1. The whole body of barons or peers. 

2. The dignity of a baron. 3. The land which gives title 
to a baron. Johnson. 

BAR'ON-ESS, 77. A baron's wife or lady. 

BAR'ON-ET, 77. [Fr. ; dimin. of baron.] A dignity or degree 
of honor, next below a baron, and above a knight ; hav- 
ing precedency of all knights except those of the garter, 
and being the only knighthood that is hereditary. 

BA-Ro'NI-AL, a. Pertaining to a baron. Encyc. 

BAR'O-NY, 77. The lordship, honor, or fee of a baron 
whether spiritual or temporal. 

BAR'OS-€OPE, 71. [Gr. (iapoi; and cKoiredi.] An instrument 
to show the weight of the atmosphere ; superseded by the 
barometer. 

BAR-OS-€OPI€, a. Pertaining to, or determined by, the 
baroscope. 

BAR-O-SEL'E-NTTE, 77. [Gr. ^apoi or jSapu?, and selenite.] 
A mineral ; sulphate of barytes ; heavy spar. 

BAR'RA, n. In Portugal and Spain, a long measure for 
cloths. Encyc. 

BAR-RA-€A'i)A, n. A fish, about fifteen inches in length, 
of a dusky color on the back, and a white belly, with 
small black spots. 



See Synopsis. A, JZ I, O, tj, ^, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD :— t Obsolete. 



BAR 



73 



BAS 



f!AR'RA-€AN, n. [It. baracane.] A thick, strong stuff, 
somelliiiig like cainelot ; used for clokes, &c 

BARRACK, n. [Sp. barraca ; Fr. baraque.] A hut or 
house for soldiers, especially in garrison. 

BAR RAt)K-ftlA.S''i'iJR, n. The oliicer who superintends 
llie barracks of soldiers. Swift. 

BAR-RA-€uDA, n. A species offish, of the pike kind. 

BAR'RA-TOR, 7t. [Old Fr. fiaraJ.] 1. One who frequently 
excites suits at law ; an encourager of litigation. 2. The 
master of a ship, who commits any fraud ui the manage- 
ment of the ship. 

BAR'RA-TRY, n. 1. Tlie practice of exciting and encour- 
aging lawsuits and quarrels. — 2. In coimnerce, any species 
of cheating or fraud, in a shipmaster, by which the own- 
ers or insurers are injured. 

BARRED, pp. Fastened with a bar ; hindered ; restrained ; 
excluded ; forbid •, striped ; checkered. 

BAR'ilEL, n. [W. Fr. baril ; Sp. barril.] 1. A vessel or 
cask, of more length than breadth, round, and bulging in 
the middle, made of staves and lieading, and bound with 
hoops. 2. The quantity wiiicli a barrel contains. 3. Any 
tiling hollow and long, as the barrel of a gun ; a tube. 
4. A cylinder. 5. A cavity behind the tympanum of the 
ear is called the barrel uftlie ear. 

BAR'REL, V. t. To put in a barrel ; to pack in a barrel. 

BAli'llEL-BEL'LiED, a. Having a large belly. 

BAR'RELED, pp. Put or packed in a barrel. 

BAR RELED, a. Having a barrel or tube. 

BAR'REL-ING, ppr. Putting or packing in a barrel. 

BARREN, a. 1. Not producing young, or offspring ; ap- 
plied tu animals. 2. Not producing plants ; unfruitful ; 
steril ; not fertile ; or producing little ; unproductive. 3. 
Not producing the usual fruit ; applied tu trees, Si^c. 4. 
Not copious ; scanty. 5. Not containing useful or enter- 
taining ideas. 6. Unmeaning; uninventive ; dull. 7. 
Unproductive ; not inventive. 

BAR REN, n. 1. In the states west of the .Alleghany Moun- 
tains, a word used to denote a tract of land, rising a i'aw 
feet above the level of a plain, and producing trees and 
grass. Mwater. 2. Any unproductive tract of land. 
Drayton. 

BAR'REN-LY, adv. Unfruitflilly. 

BAR'REN-NESS, «. 1. The quality of not producing its 
kind ; want of the power of conception. 2. Unfruitful- 
ness ; sterility ; infertility. 3. Want of invention ; want 
of the power of producing any thing new. 4. Want of 
matter 5 scantiness. 5. Defect of emotion, sensibility, or 
fervency. Taylor. 

BARREN-SPIR'IT-ED, a. Of a poor spirit. Shall. 

BAR'REN-WoRT, n. A plant, constituting the genus epi- 
medium. 

BARR'FUL, a. Full of obstructions. Shah. 

BAR-R1-€ADE', n. [Fr. barricade.] 1. A fortification made 
in haste, of trees and earth, in order to obstruct the prog- 
ress of an enemy. 2. Any bar or obstruction ; that 
which defends. 

BAR-R1-€aDE', v.t. 1. To stop up a passage ; to obstruct. 

2. To fortify with any slight work that prevents the ap- 
proach of an enemy. 

BAR-RI-Ca'DO. The same as barricade. 
BAR'RI-ER, M. [Yx. barrier e.] 1. In fortification, d.l&inA of 
fence made in a passage. Encyc. 2. A wall for defense. 

3. A fortress or fortified town on th* frontier of a country. 

4. Any obstruction ; any thing which confines, or which 
hinders approach, or attack. 5. A bar to mark the limits 
of a place ; any limit, or boundary ; a line of separation. 

BARR'ING, vpr. Making fast with a bar ; obstructing ; ex- 
cluding ; preventing ; prohibiting ; crossing with stripes. 

BARR'ING-OUT, n. Exclusion of a person from a place ; 
a boyish sport at Christmas. Swift. 

BAR'RIS-TER, n. A counselor, learned in the laws, qual- 
ified and admitted to plead at the bar. 

BAR'RoW, n. [Sax. bp.rejce.'] 1. A light, small carriage. 
A hand-harroto is a frame covered in the middle with 
boards, and borne by and between two men. A wheel- 
barroin is a frame with a box, supported by one wheel, 
and rolled by a single man. 2. A wicker case, in salt 
works, where the salt is put to drain. 

BAR'RoW, 71. [Fax. bcrcra, or beorgh.] 1. In England, a 
hog ; and, according to j^sh, obsolete. Barroio grease is 
hog's lard. — 2. In America, a male hog castrated ; award 
in co'rn mon use. 

BAR'EoW,Ti. [^^LT.. beara,ox bearewe.] In the names of 
places, barrow is used to signify a wood or grove. 

BAR'RoW, n. [Sax. beorg.] A hillock, or mound ot earth, 
intended as a repository of tlie dead. 

BAR.SE, n. An English name for the common percli. 

BaR'SHOT, n. Double-headed shot, consisting of a bar, 
with a half ball or round head at eacii end. 

BAR'TER,?; I. [Sp. /^amtar.] To traffick or trade, by ex- 
changing one commodity for another. 

BAR'TER, v. t. Togiveonethingforanother in commerce. 

BAR'TER, n. The act or practice of trafficking by exchange 
of commodities. 



BAR'TERED, pp. Given in exchange 

BAR'TER-ER, n One who trafficks ty exchange of rom- 
modities 

BAR'TER-ING,;.7;?-. Trafficking or trading by an exchange 
of commodities. 

t BAR'TER-Y, n. Exchange of commodities in trade. 

BAR-THOL'0-MEW-TIDE, n. The term near St. Barthol- 
omew's day. Shak. 

BAR'TON, ?t. [Sax.6ere-io7i.] The demain lands of a man- 
or ; the manor itself, and sometimes the out-houses. 

BAR'TRAM, n. [L. pyrethrum.] A plant ; pellitory. 

BAR-Y-STRON'TIAN-ITE, n. [Gr. /b'apuf, and strontian.] 
A mineral, called also stromnite, from Stromness, in Ork- 
ney^ 

BA-RY'TA, n. The earth of barytes in a purified state. 

BA-RY'TES, 71. [Gr. j8up?, heavy ; ^apvTijs, weight.] Pon 
derous earth ; the heaviest of earthy substances. It is an 
oxyd of a metallic substance called barium. 

BA-RYT'I€, a. Pertaining to barytes ; formed of barytes, 
or containing it. Kirwan. 

BAR'Y-TO-€AL'CITE, n. A mixture of carbonate of lime 
with sulphate of barytes, of a dark, or light-gray color, of 
various forms. 

BAR'Y-TONE, a. [Gr. /?aj3ii? and Tovog.] Pertaining to, or 
noting a grave, deep sound, or male voice. Walker. 

BAR'Y-TONE, n. 1. In music, a male voice, the compass 
of which partakes of the common base and the tenor. — 9. 
In Greek grammar, a verb which has no accent marked 
on the last syllable, the grave accent being understood. 

Ba'SAL, a. Pertaining to the base ; constituting the base. 
Say. 

BA-SALT', n. A dark, grayish-black mineral or stone, 
sometimes bluish or brownish-black, and, when withered, 
the surface is grayish or reddish-brown. 

BA-SAL'TES, n. A kind of stoi.e, of the hardness and color 
of iron, which is found in perpendicular blocks. 

BA-SALT'ie, a. Pertaining to basalt ; formed of or con- 
taining basalt. 

BA-SALT' I- FORM, a. In the form of basalt ; columnar. 

BA-SA.LT'INE, 7). ]. Basaltic hornblend ; a variety of com- 
mon hornblend, so called from its being often found in 
basalt. 2. A column of basalt. 

BAS'A-NiTE, 77. [Gr. ^aaavoi.] Lydian stone, or black 
jasper ; a variety of siliceous or flinty slate. 

BASE, a. [Fr. bas, low ; W. bas ; It. basso.] 1. Low in 
place. [Ofc.] Spenser. 2. Mean ; vile ; worthless ; that is 
loio in value or estimation ; used of things. 3. Of low 
station ; of mean account ; without rank, dignity, or esti- 
mation among men ; used of persons. 4. Of mean spirit ; 
disingenuous ; illiberal ; low ; without dignity of senti- 
ment. 5. Of little comparative value ; applied to metals 
6. Deep ; grave ; applied to sounds. 7. Of illegitimate 
birth; born out of wedlock. Shak. 8. Not held by honor- 
able tenure. 

BASE, n. [Gr. ^aai(; ; L. basis.] 1. The bottom of any 
thing, considered as its support, or the part of a thing on 
which it stands or rests. — In architecture, the base of a 
pillar properly is that part which is between the top of a 
pedestal and the bottom of the shaft. Encyc. 2. The part 
of any ornament which hangs down, as housings. 3. 
The broad part of any thing, as the bottom of a cone. 4. 
The place from which racers or tillers start ; the bottom 
of the field ; the starting post. 5. The lowest or gravest 
part in inusic. 6. A rustic play, called also bajjs, or prison 
bars. — 7. In geometry, the lowest side of the perimeter 
of a figure.— 8. In chemistry, any body which is dis- 
solved by another body, which it receives and fixes. 9. 
Thorough base, in music, is the part performed with base 
viols or theorbos, while the voices sing, and other instiu- 
ments perform their parts. 

BASE, V. t. 1. To embase ; to reduce the value by the ad- 
mixture of meaner metals. {Little used.] Bacon. 2. To 
found ; to lay the base or foundation. Edinburgh Review. 

BaSE'-BORN, a. 1. Born out of wedlock. 2. Born of low 
parentage. 3. Vile ; mean. 

BaSE'-GcURT, 7/. [Fr. basse-cour.] The back yard, op- 
posed to the chief court in front of a house ; the farm yard. 

BASED, pp. Reduced in value ; founded. 

BaSE'LESS, a. Without a base ; having no foundation, ot 
support. 

BaSE'LY, adv. 1. In a base manner ; meanly ; dishonora- 
bly. 2. Illegitimately ; in bastardy. 

BaSE'MENT, 77. In architecture, the ground floor, on 
which the order, or columns which decorate the principal 
story, are placed. 

BaSE'-MIND-ED, a. Of a low spirit or mind ; mean. 

BaSE'-MTND'ED-NESS, n. Meanness of spirit. 

BaSE'NESS, 77. 1. Meanness; vileness ; -worthlessness. 
2. Vileness of metal ; the quality of being of little com- 
parative value. 3. Bastardy ; illegitimacy of birth. 4. 
Deepness of sound. 

BaSE'NET, 7?=, A helmet. Spenser. 

BaSE'-STRING, n. The lowest note. Shak 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tJiis. j Obsolete 



BAS 



74 



BAS 



BaSE'-VI-OL, n. A musical instrument, used for playing 
the base, or gravest part. See Bass-Viol. 

BASH, V. i. [Heb. V\2-] To be ashamed 5 to be confounded 
with shame. Spenser. 

BA-SHAW', n. [Ar. baska ; Pers. pasha; Sp. baxa ; It. 
bascia ; Turlc. basch. — It sliould be written and pro- 
nounced pashaic] ]. A title of honor in the Turkish do- 
minions ; appropriately, the title of the prime vizier, but 
given to viceroys, or governors of provinces, and to gen- 
erals, and other men of distinction. 2. A proud, tyranni- 
cal, overbearing man. 

BASfi'FUL, a. 1. Properly, having a downcast look ; 
hence, very modest. 2. Modest to excess ; sheepish. 3. 
Exciting shame. 

BASHFUL-LY. adv. Very modestly ; in a timorous man- 
ner. 

BASH'FUL-NESS, 71. 1. Excessive or extreme modesty •, a 
quality of mind often visible in external appearance, as 
in blushing, a downcast look, confusion, <Scc. 2. Vicious 
or rustic shame. 

BASFI'LESy, a. Shameless ; unblushing. Spenser. 

BAS'lL, n. The slope or angle of a tool or instrument, as of 
a chisel or plane. 

BAS'lL, V. t. To grind or form the edge of a tool to an an- 
gle. 

BAS'IL, n. [Fr. basilic ; It. basilico.] A plant of the genus 
ocytnum. 

BAS'IL, n. The skin of a sheep tanned ; written also 
basan. 

BA3'IL-WEED, n. Wild basil, a plant of the genus clino- 
podium. Muhlenburg. 

BAS'l-TiAR, )a. [See Basilic] Chief; an anatomical 

BAS'I-LA-RY, \ term applied to several bones, and to an 
artery of the brain. — Basilian monks, monks of the order 
of St. Basil. 

BAS'I-LI€, n. [Gr. ^aaiXiKr].] Anciently, a public hall, or 
court of judicature, where princes and magistrates sat to 
administer justice. 

BAS'I-LI€, n. The middle vein of the arm, or the interior 
branch of the axillary vein. 

BAS'I-Lie, )a 1. Belonging to the middle vein of the 

BA-S1L'I-€AL, \ arm 2. Noting a particular nut, the 
walnut. 3. Being ia the manner of a public edifice, or 
catliedral. 

BA-SIL'I-eON, n. [Gr. /^ao-tXtKo?.] An ointment. 

BAS'I-LISK, n. [Gr. ^aaLKiaKus.] 1. A fabulous serpent, 
called a cockatrice. — 2. In military affairs, a large piece 
of ordnance, so called from its supposed resemblance to 
the serpent of that name, or from its size. 

BA'SIN, (ba'sn) n. [Fr. bassin.'] 1. A hollow vessel or 
dish, to hold water for washing, and for various other 
uses. — 2. In hydraulics, any reservoir of water. 3. That 
which resembles a basin in containing water, as a pond. 
— 4. Aniung trlass irrindcrs, a concave piece of metal, by 
which convex glasses are formed. — 5. Among hatters, a 
large shell or case, usually of iron, placed over a furnace, 
in which the hat is molded into due shape. — 6. In anato- 
tny, a round cavity between th'^ anterior ventricles of 
the brain. 7. The scale of a balance, when hollow and 
round. 

BA'SIiVED, a. Inclosed in a basin. Youncr. 

Ba'SIS, n. ; plu. Bases. [L.] 1. The foundation of any 
thing ; that on which a thing stands or lies •, the bottom 
or foot of the thing itself, or that on which it rests. [See 
Base.] 2. The ground-work, or first principle ; that 
which supports. 3. Foundation ; support. 4, Basis, in 
chemistry. See Base. 

BASK, V. i. To lie in warmth ; to be exposed to genial 
heat 5 to be at ease and thriving under benign influences. 

BaSK, v. t. To warm by continued exposure to heat ; to 
warm with genial heat. Dryden. 

BASKED, pp. Exposed to warmth, or genial heat. 

BAS'KET, n. [W. basged, or bas/awd.] 1. A domestic ves- 
sel made of twigs, rushes, splinters, or other flexible 
things interwoven. 2 The contents of a basket ; as 
n uch as a basket will contain. 

BAS'KET, V. t. To put in a basket. Cowper. 

BASKET-FISH, n. A species of sea-star, or star-fish. 

BAS'KET-HILT, n. A hilt which covers the hand, and 
defends it from injury, as of a sword. 

BASKET-HILT-ED, a. Having a hilt of basket-work. 

BAS'KET-SALT, n. Salt made from salt-springs. 

BAS'KET-WOM-AN, n. A woman who carries a basket to 
and from market. 

DASK'ING, ppr. Exposing or lying exposed to the continu- 
ed action of heat or genial warmth. 

BASK'ING-SHARK, n. The sun-fish of the Irish. 

BAS'aUISH, (b-as'kish) a. Pertaining to the people or lan- 
guage of Biscay. 

BASS, n. [It has no plural.] The name of several species 
of fish. 

BASS, n. 1. The linden, lime, ortiel tree ; called also bass- 
wood. 2. [pron. bas.] A mat to kneel on in churches. 



BaSS, 71. In music, the base ; the deepest or gravest part of 
a tune. This word is tlius written, in imitation of the 
Italian basso, which is the Eng. base, low ; yet with the 
pronunciation of base and plural bases ; a gross error that 
ouglit to be corrected ; as the word used in pronunciation 
is the English word base, 

BaSS, v. t. To sound in a deep tone. Shak. 

BaSS-RE-L1kF', n. In English, base-relief. [It. basso and 
relievo.'] Sculpture, whose figures do not stand out far 
from the ground or plane on wliich they are formed 
When figures do not protuberale so as to exhibit the en- 
tire body, they are said to be done in relief; ai.d when 
they are low, flat, or little raised from the plane, the work 
is said to be in low relief. When the figures are so raised 
as to be well distinguished, iJiey are said to be bold, 
strong,_ox high, alto relieco. See Relief. 

BaSS'-Vi-OL, ??. A musical instrument, used for playing 
the bass or gravest part. 

BAS'SA. See Bashaw. 

BAS'SET, 71. [Fr. bassette.] A game at cards. 

BAS'SET, V. i. Among coal diggers, to incline upwards. 

BAS'SET-ING, ppr. Having a direction upwards. 

BAS'SET-ING, n. The upward direction of a vein in a coal 
mine. 

BAS'SO-€ON-CER-TAN'TE, in music, is the base of the lit- 
tle chorus, or that which plays throughout the whole piece. 

BAS'SO-€Ox^^-TIN'U-0. Thorough base, which see under 
Base, _ 

BAS'SO-RE-PIE'NO is the base of the grand chorus, which 
plays only occasionally, or in particular parts. 

BAS'SO-RE-LIE'VO, See Bass-relief. 

BAS'SO-VI-0-Li'NO is the base of the base-viol. 

BAS'SOCK, n. The same as bass, a mat. 

BAS-SOON', n. [Fr. basson.] A musical wind instrument, 
blown with a reed, and furnished with eleven holes, 
which are stopped as in other large flutes. 

BAS-SOON'IST, n. A performer on the bassoon. 

BAST, 71. A rope, or cord, made of the bark of the lime- 
tree or linden. 

BAS'TARD, 71. [Arm. bastard ; Ir. basdard ; Fr. b&tard.] 
A natural child •, a child begotten and born out of wed 
lock ; an illegitimate or spurious child. 

t BAS'TARD, 71. A kind of sweet wine. Shak. 

BAS'TARD, a. I. Begotten and born out of lawful matri- 
mony ; illegitimate. 2. Spurious ; not genuine ; false ; 
supposititious ; adulterate. 

BAS'TARD, V. t. To make or determine to be a bastard. 

BAS'TARD-ISM, 71. The state of a bastard. 

BA3'TARD-lZE, v. t. 1. To make or prove to be a bastard ; 
to convict of being a bastard ; to declare legally, or decide 
a person to be illegitimate. 2. To beget a bastard. Shak. 

BAS'TARD-LY, adv. In the manner of a bastard ; spuri- 
ously. Donne. 

BAS'TARD-LY, a. Spurious. Bp. Taylor. 

BAS'TARDS. An appellation given to a faction or troop of 
bandits, who ravaged Guienne, in France, in the 14th cen- 
tury. 

BAS'TARD-Y, n. A state of being a bastard, which condi- 
tion disables the person from inheriting an estate. 

BAS-TARN'I€, a. Pertaining to the Eastarnce.—Bastarnic 
Alps, the Carpathian mountains, so called from the an- 
cient inhabitants, the Bastarnce. 

BASTE, V. t. [Arm. baz ; Fr. baton.] 1. To beat with a 
stick. 2. To drip butter or fat upon meat, as it turns upon 
tlie spit, in roasting ; to moisten with fat or other liquid. 

BASTE, ?'. t. [Sp. bastear.] To sew with long stitches ; to 
sew slightly. 

BASTED, pp. Beat with a stick ; moistened with fat or 
other matter in roasting ; sewed together with long 
stitches, or slightly. 

t BaST'ER, n. A blow with a stick or other weapon. Wag- 
stafe. 

BAS'TILE, w. [Fr. b&tir, bastir.] An old castle in Paris, 
built between 1369 and 1383, used as a state prison. It 
was demolished in 1789. 

t BAS-TtMENn^O, i ''• ^^^^ ^'^^ ^''^timent.] A rampart. 

BAS-TI-NaDE', orBAS-TI-NA'DO, 7?. [Fr. bastonnade.] A 
sound beating with a stick or cudgel ; the blows given 
witli a stick or staff. A punishment in use among the 
Turks, of beating an offender on the soles of his feet. 

BAS-TI-NA'DO' I '"' *" ^^ beat with a stick or cudgel. 

BaST'ING, ppr. Beating with a stick ; moistening with 
dripping ; sewing together with long stitches. 

BaST'ING, n. A beating with a stick ; a moistening with 
dripping ; a sewing together slightly, with long stitches. 

BAS'TION, (bas'chun) n. [Fr. and Sp. bastion.] A huge 
mass of earth , usually faced with sods, sometimes with 
brick or stones, standing ouj; from a rampart, of which it 
is a principal part ; formerly called a bulwark, 

BAS'TO, 7!. The ace of clubs at quadrille. 

BAS'TON, or BA-TOON', n. In architecture, a round mold- 
ing in the base of a column ; called also a tore 



* See Fiyvopsis. A, E, T, O, u, ^, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



BAT 



75 



BAW 



BAT, n. [Sax. bat.] 1. A heavy stick or club. 2. Bat or 
bate, a small copper coin of Germany. 3. A term giveoi 
by miners to sliiile, or bituminous slial*:;. 

BAT, u. i. To manage a bat, or play witn one. 

BAT, n, A race of quadrupeds, tecimically called vesper- 
tUiti, of the order primates, in Linne's system. The fore 
feet Jiave the toes connected by a membtane, expanded 
into a kind of wings, by means of which the animals fly. 
The species are numerous. 

BAT'-FOWL-ER, n. One who practices or is pleased 
with bat-fowling. Barrington. 

BAT-FOWL-ING, -ft, A mode of catching birds at night, 
by holding a torch or other light, and beating the bush or 
perch where they roost. 

Ba'TA-BLE, a. Disputable. 

BA-Ta'TAS, n. A species of tick or mite. 

BA-Ta'VI-AN, a. Pertaining to Holland, or the isle of 
Betaw in Holland. 

BA-Ta'VI-AN, n. A native of Betaw, or Holland. 

BATCH, 11. [D. bakzel.] 1. The quantity of bread baked 
at one time ; a baking of bread. 2. Any quantity of a 
thing made at once, or so united as to have like qualities. 

BATCH E-LOR. See Bachelor. 

BATE, n. [Sax. bate.] Strife ■, contention ; retained in 
make-bate. [Bate, with its derivatives, is little used.] 

BATE, V. t. [Fr. battre.] To lessen by retrenching, de- 
ducting or reducing. We now use abate. 

BATE, V. i. To grow or become less ; to remit or retrench 
a part. Dryden. 

t BaTE'-BREED-TNG, a. Breeding strife. Shak. 

BaTE'FUL, a. Contentitus ; given to strife. 

BaTE'LESS, a. Not to be abated. Shak. 

BaTE'MENT,?i. Abatement ; deduction ; diminution. 

BA-TEAU', (bat-to') n. [Fr.l A light boat, long in propor- 
tion to its breadth, and wider in the middle than at the 
ends. 

BAT'EN-lTES, BAT'EN-ISTS, or BA-Te'NI-ANS, n. A 
sect of apostates from Mohammedism. 

tBATFUIi, a. Rich, fertile, as land. Mason. 

BATH, ?t. [Bax. bmth, batho.] 1. A place for bathing; a 
vat or receptacle of water for persons to plunge or wash 
their bodies in, and is either warm or cold. 2. A place in 
which heat is applied to a body immersed in some sub- 
stance. 3. A house for bathing. 4. A Hebrew meas- 
ure containing the tenth of a homer, or seven gallons and 
four pints, as a measure for liquids ; and three pecks and 
three pints, as a dry measure. 

BaTH'-ROOM, n. An apartment for bathing. 

BATHE, V. t. [Sax. bathian.] 1. To wash the body, or 
some part of it, by immersion, as in a bath. 2. To wash 
or moisten, for the purpose of making soft and supple, or 
for cleansing, as a wound. 3. To moisten or suffuse with 
a liquid. 

BATHE, V. i. To be or lie in a bath ; to be in water or in 
otiier liquid, or to be immersed in a fluid. 

BATHED, pp. Washed as in a bath ; moistened with a li- 
quid ; bedewed. 

BaTH'ER, n. One who bathes. 

BATfl'fNG, ppr. Washing by immersion, or by applying a 
liquid ; moistening ; fomenting. 

BATK'iNG, 71. The act of bathing, or washing the body in 
w'lter. Mason. 

BaTH'ING-TUB, n. A vessel for bathing. 

Ba'THOS, n. [Gr. iSadog.] The art of sinking in poetry. 
.^rbut'inot. 

BaTT NG, ppr. Abating ; taking away ; deducting ; ex- 
cepting. Locke. 

BAT'fN-IST. See Batenites. 

BAT'IST, n. A fine linen cloth. 

BAT' LET, n. A small bat, or square piece of wood with a 
handle, for beating linen. 

BAT'MAN, n. A weight used in Smyrna. 

BA-TOON , or BAT'ON, n. [Fr. baton.] A staff or club ; a 
marshal's staff; a truncheon ; aljadge of military honors. 

BATRA-CHITE, n. [Gr. (Sar^axos-] A fossil or stone, in 
color resembling a frog. 

BATiRA-€HOM-Y-OM'A-€HY, n. [Gr. ^arpaxos, [xv?, 
and i^iaxv-] The battle between tlie frogs and mice ; a 
burlesque poem ascribed to Homer. 

BA-TRa'CIAN, a. [Gr. (Sarpaxos-] Pertaining to frogs ; 
an epithet designating an order of animals, including 
frogs, Jtoads, &c. 

BA-TRA'ClAN,n. An animal of the order above mentioned. 

t BAT'TA-BLE, a. Capable of cultivation. 

t BAT'TAI-LANT, n. A combatant. Shelton. 

BAT'TAI-LOUS, a. Warlike ; having the form or appear- 
ance of an army arrayed for battle. 

BAT-TaL'IA, (bal tale ya) n. [Sp. batalla.] 1. The or- 
der of battle ; troops arrayed in their proper brigades, 
regiments, battalions, &c., as for action. 2. The main 
body of <in armv in array, distinguished from the wings. 

BAT-TAL'fON, n. [Fr. bataillon.] A body of infantry, 
consisting of from 500 to 800 men. 



BAT-TAL'IONED, a. Formed into battalions. Barlow. 
BAT'TEL, ri. [See Battle.] In law, wager of battel, n 

species of trial for tlie decision of causes between parties 
BAT'TEL, ?;.i. 1. To grow fat. [06s.] 2. 'Jo stand indebted 

in the college books at Oxford, for provisions and drink. 

from the buttery. Hence, a batteler answers to a sizer at 

Cambridge 
BAl'iTEL, II. An account of the expenses of a student at 

Oxford. 
t BAT'TEL, a. Fertile ; fruitful. Hooker. 

BAT'TLER^*^' ( ''• ^ student at Oxford. 

t BAT'TE-MEJMT, n. [Fr.] A beating ; striking ; impulse. 

BAT'TEN, (bat'tn) v. t. 1. To fatten; to make fat; to 
make plump by plenteous feeding. 2. To fertilize or en- 
rich land. 

BAT'TEN, V. i. To grow or become fat ; to live in luxury, 
or to grow fat in ease and luxury. 

BAT'TEN, 71. Apiece of board or scantling, of a few inches 
in breadth, used in making doors and windows. 

BAT'TEN, V. t. To form with battens. 

BAT'TER, V. t. [Fr. battre.] 1. To beat with successive 
blows ; to beat with violence, so as to bruise, shake, or 
demolish. 2. To wear or impair with beating. 

BAT'TER, V. i. To swell, bulge, or stand out, as a timber 
or side of a wall from its foundation. 

BAT'TER, 71. A mixture of several ingredients, as flour, 
eggs, salt, &c., beaten together with some liquor, used in 
cookery. 

BAT'TERED, pp. Beaten ; bruised, broken, impaired by 
beating or wearing. 

BAT'TER-ER, n. One who batters or beats. 

BAT'TER-ING, ppr. Beating ; dashing against ; bruising 
or demolishing by beating. 

BAT'TER-iNG-RAM, n. In antiquity, a military engine 
used to beat down the walls of besieged places. 

BAT'TER-Y, 7?. [Fr. batterie.] 1. The act of battering or 
beating. 2. The instrument of battering. — 3. In the /»?/- 
itary art, a parapet thrown up to cover the gunners, and 
others employed about them, from the enemy's shot, with 
the guns employed. — 4. In law, the unlawful beating of 
another. — 5. Electrical battery, a number of coated jars 
placed in such a manner, that they may be charged at the 
same time, and discharged in the same manner. — 6. Oal- 
vanic battery, a pile or series of plates, of copper and 
zink, or of any substances susceptible of galvanic action. 

BAT'TING, n. The management of a bal play. 

BAT'TISH, a. Resembling a bat. Vernon. 

BAT'TLE, n. [Fr. bataille.] 1. A fight, or encounter be- 
tween enemies, or opposing armies ; an engagement. 2. 
A body of forces, or division of an army. — 9 pitchzd bat- 
tle is one in which the armies are previously drawn up in 
form. 

BAT'TLE, V. i. [Fr. batailler ; Sp. batallar.] To join in 
battle ; to contend in fight. 

BAT'TLE, V. t. To cover with armed force. 

BAT TLE-AR-RaY', n. Array or order of battle ; the dis- 
position of forces preparatory to a battle. 

BAT'TLE-AX, I n. An axe anciently used as a weapon 

BAT'TLE-AXE, \ of war. 

BAT'TLE-DoOR, (bat'tl-dore) n. 1. An instrument of 
play, with a handle and a flat board or palm, used to 
strike a ball or shuttle-cock ; a racket. 2. A child's horn- 
book. [J\,''ot in use in V. S.] 

BAT'TLE-MENT, n. A v/all raised on a building with 
openings or embrasures, or the embrasure itself. 

BA i TLE-MENT-ED, a. Secured by battlements. 

BA T'TLING, v. Conflict. Thomson. 

BAT-TOI.'0-6lST, n. One that repeats the same thing in 
speaking or writing. [Little used.] 

BAT-TOL'0-GlZE, v. t. To repeat needlessly the same 
thing. Herbert. [Little used.] 

BAT-T0L'0-6Y, 7t. [Gr. (^arroXoyia.] A needless repeti 
tion of words in speaking. 

BAT'TON, n. In commerce, pieces of wood or deal for floor- 
ing or other purposes. 

BAT'TO-RY, n. Among the Hanse-Towns, a factory or mag- 
azine in foreign countries. 

BAT'TU-LATE, v. t. To interdict commerce. 

BAT-TU-LaTION, n. A prohibition of commerce. 

BAT'TY, a. Belonging to a bat. Skak. 

BATZ, 77. A small copper coin with a mixture of silver. 

BAU-BEE', 7i. In Scotland and the JVorlh of England, a 
half-penny. 

BAU'BLE. See Bawble. 

BAUGE, v. a drugget manufactured in Burgun<ly, viiih 
thread spun thick, and of cttarse wool. 

BAULK. See Balk. 

BAV'A-ROY, 77. A kind of cloke or surtout. 

BAVIN, 7(. A stick like those bound up in fagots ; a piece 
of waste wood. — In war, fagots. 

BAW'BLE, 71. [Fr. babiole.] A trifling piece nf finery ; a 
gewgaw ; that which is gay or showy without real 
value. 



» See Synopsis, MOVE, BOQK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



BEA 



76 



BEA 



t BAWB'LfNG, a Trifling ; contemptible. Shak. 

B,VVV'-€OCK, n. A fine fellow. Shak. 

VA.\WD,n. A procure.- or procuress. A person who keeps 
a house of prostitution, and conducts criminal intrigues. 

BAWu, v. i. ] To procure ; to provide women for lewd 
purposes. 2. To foul or dirty. [ ^^ut in iwe.] Skelton. 

BAWD'-BORN, a. Descended from a bawd. Shak. 

BAWD'I-LY. adv. Obscenely •, lewdly. 

BAWD'I-.NESS, n. Obscenity ; lewdness. 

BAWB'KICK, 71. [See Baldrick.] A belt. Chapman. 

BAWD'RY, n. 1. The practice of procuring women for the 
gratification of lust. 2. Obscenity ; filthVj unchaste lan- 
guage. 

BAWD'Y, a. Obscene 5 filthy; unchaste. 

BAWD'Y-HOUSE, n. A house of prostitution. 

BAWL, V. i. [Sax. bellan.] To cry out with a loudj full 
sound ; to hoot ; to cry loud, as achild. 

BAWL, r. t. To proclaim by outcry, as a common crier. 

BA^VLED, pp. Proclaimed by outcry. 

BAWL-ER, n. One who bawls. Echard. 

BAWL iXG, p;?r. Crying aloud. 

BAWLING, n. The act of crying with a loud sound. 

g'^^^y"^-' I V. t. To adorn ; to dress. Westmoreland. Eng. 

t BAWJV, 71. An inclosure with mud or stone walls for 
keeoing cattle ; a fortification. 

BAW'REL, n. A kind of hawk. Todd. 

BA \V'Sr_X, 71. A badger. B. Jonson. 

BAX-Te'RLAX. a. Pertaining to Barter. 

BAY. a. [Fr. bai or bale.] Red, or reddish, inclining to a 
che&tnut color ; applied to the color of horses. 

BAY, n. [Fr. baie ; !?p. Port, bahia.] 1. An arm of the sea, 
extending into the land, not of any definite form, but 
smaller than a gulf, and larger than a creek. 2. A pond- 
head, or a pond formed by a dam, for the purpose of driv- 
ing mill-wheels. — 3. In a barn, a place between the floor 
and the end of the building, or a low, inclosed place, for 
depositing hay. — 4. In ships of isar, that part on each side 
between decks, which lies^between the bitts. 5. Any kind 
of opening in walls. 

BAY, n. l."'The laurel-tree. 2. Bays, In the plural, an hon- 
orary garland or crown, bestowed as a prize for victory, 
anciently made or consisting of branches of the laurel. — 
3. In some parts of the U. States, a tract of land covered 
with bay -trees. Drayton. 

BAY, n. [Goth, beidan.] A state of expectation, watching 
or looking for ; as, to keep a man at bay. 

BAY, V. i. [Fr. aboyer ; It. baiare.] 1. To bark, as a dog at 
his game. Spenser. 2. To encompass, or inclose, from 
^:ay. We now use embay. 

BAY, V. t. To bark at ; to follow with barking. 

BaY'-SALT is salt which crystalizes or receives its con- 
sistence from the heat of thesun or action of the air. 

BaY'- WIN-DOW, 71. A window jutting out from the wa41, 
as in shops. 

BaY'-YARX, 7?. A denomination sometimes used promis- 
cuously with woolen yarn. Chambers. 

BaY'ARD, 7!. 1. A bay horse. Philips. 2. An unmannerly 
beholder. B. Jonson. 

BaY'ARD-LY, a. Blind; stupid. Taylor. 

BaYED, a. Having baj^s, as a building. 

BaY'0-XET, n. [Fr. haionctte ; Sp. hayoneta ; It. baionct- 
ta : so called, it is said, because the first bayonets were 
made at Bayonne.] A short, pointed, broad dagger, fixed 
at the end of a musket. 

BaYO-XET, v. t. 1. To stab with a bayonet. 2. To com- 
pel or drive bv the bayonet. Burke. 

BAYS, or BAYZE. See Baize. 

BA-ZaR', ?i. [Pers. ; Russ. bazari.] Among the Turlts and 
Persians, an exchange, market-place, or place where 
goods are exposed to sale. 

BAZ'AT, or BAZ'A, n. A long, fine-spun cotton, from Jeru- 
salem, whence it is called Jerusalem cotton. 

BDELL'tUM, (del'yum) n. [L.] A gummy, resinous juice, 
produced by a tree in the East Indies. 

BE, V. i. substantive : ppr. beina- : pp. been. [Sax. beoii : G. 
bin, bist : D. ben.] 1. To be' fixed ; to exist; to have a 
real state or existence. 2. To be made to be ; to become. 
3. To remain. This verb is used as an auxiliary in form- 
ing the tenses of other verbs, and particularly in giving to 
tb.em the passive foim.— Let be is to omit, or to let alone. 

BE, a prefix, as in because, before, beset, bedeck, is the same 
word as by ; Sax. be, bia- ; Goth. bi. It denotes nearness, 
closeness, about, on, at, from some root signifying to pass 
; r to press. 

BEACH, 7i. The shore of the sea, or of a lake, which is 
washed by the '.:de and waves ; the strand. 

Be \CH ED, a. Exposed to the waves ; washed by the tide 
and waves Shak. 

PeACH'Y, a. Having a beach or beaches. Shak. 

BkA'COX, (be kn) 77. [Sax. beacen, becen.] 1. A signal 
erected on a long pole, upon an eminence, consisting of a 
pitch barrel, or some combustible matter, to be fired at 
night, or to cause a smoke by day, to make known the ap- 



proach of an enemy. 2. Alight-house. 3. Figuratively 
that which gives notice of danger. 

BeA€OX, v. t. To afi"c)rd light as a beacon ; to light up. 

BeA'€OX-AGE, i^bS kn-aje) n. Money paid for the mainte- 
nance of a beacon. Encyc. Ash. 

BEAD, n. [Ger. bethe ; Sax. bead.] 1. A little perforated 
ball, to be stning on a thread, and worn about the neck, 
for ornament. 2. Any small globular body. — 3. In archi- 
tecture, a round molding. 

BeAD'-MA-KER, 77. One who makes beads. 

BeAD'-PROOF, a. Spirit is bead-proof, when, after shak- 
mg, a crown of bubbles will stand on the surface. 

Bead -Roll, n. Among Catholics, a list or catalogue of 
persons, for the rest of whose souls they are to repeat a 
certain number of prayers, which they count by their 
beads. 

BeAD'-TREE, n. The azedarach, a species of melia. 

BeADS'-MAX, 71. A man employed in praying, generally 
m praying for another. 

BeADS'-WOM'AX', 71. A praying woman ; a woman who 
resides in an alms-house. Ash. 

BeA'DLE, n. [Sax. bydel, or bcedel.] 1. A messenger or cri- 
er of a court ; a servitor ; one who cites persons to appear 
and answer. 2. An oflicer in a university, whose chief 
business is to walk with a mace, before the masters, in a 
public procession ; or, as in America, before the president, 
trustees, faculty and students of a college. 3. A parish 
oflicer, whose business is to punish petty ofienders. 

BeA'DLE-SHIP, n. The office of a beadle. 

BeA'GLE, n. [Fr. bia-le.] A small hound, or hunting dog. 

BEAK, n. [D. bek.] I. The bill or nib of a bird. 2. A 
pointed piece of wood, fortified with brass, resembling a 
beak, fastened to the end of ancient galleys, intended to 
pierce the vessels of an enemy. 3. -A^ny thing ending in 
a point, like a beak. This, in America, is more generally 
pronounced peak. 

BEAK, V. t. Among rock-fighters, to take hold with the beak, 

BeAK'ED, a. Having a beak ; ending in a point, like a 
beak. 

BeAK'ER, 7!^ [Ger. becher.] A cup or glass. 

BEAK'l-ROX,"(beek'I-um) n. A bickern ; an iron tool, 
ending in a point, used by blacksmiths. 

BEAL, n. A pimple ; a whelk ; a small inflammatory tu- 
mor ; a pustule. 

BEAL, V. i. To gather matter ; to swell and come to a head, 
as a nimple. 

t BE-ALL, n. All that is to be done. Shak. 

BEAM, V. [Sax. beam.] 1. The largest, or a principal piece 
in a building, that lies across the walls, and serves to sup- 
port the principal rafters. 2. Any large piece of timber. 
3. The part of a balance, from the ends of which the 
scales are suspended. 4. The part on the head of a stag, 
which bears the antlers, royals and tops. 5. The pole of 
a carriage, which runs between the horses. 6. A cylinder 
of wood, making part of a loom, on which weavers wind 
the warp before weaving ; and this name is given also to 
the cylinder on which the cloth is rolled, as it is wove. 
7. The straight part or shank of an anchor. — 8. In ships, 
a great, main, cross timber, which holds the sides of a ship 
from falling together. 9. The main piece of a plow, in 
which the plow-tails are fixed, and by which it is drawn. 

BeAM'-BiRD, n. In Yorkshire, England, the petty chaps, 
a species of motacilla. The spotted fly-catcher, a species 
of muscicapa. Ed. Encyc. 

BeAM'-TREE, 71. A species of wild-service. The cratcegus 
aria. 

BEAM, n. [Sax. beam.] A ray of light, emitted from the 
sun, or other luminous body. 

BEAM, V. t. To send forth ; to emit. 

BEAM, V. i. To emit rays of light, or beams ; to shine 

BeAM'IXG, ppr. Emitting rays of light, or beams. 

BeAM'IXG, n. 1 . Radiation ;" the emission or darting of 
Ught in rays. 2. The issumg of intellectual light. 

Be AIMLESS, a. Emitting no rays of light. 

BeAM'Y, a. 1. Emitting rays of light ; radiant ; shining. 
2. Resembling a beam in "size and weight ; massy. 3. 
Having horns, or antlers, 

BEAX, n. [Sax. bean.] A name given to several kinds of 
pulse. The varieties most usually cultivated are, the 
horse bean, the mazagan, the kidney bean, the cranberry 
bean, the lima bean, the frost bean, &c. 

BeAN'-€A-PER, 7!. A plant, a species of zygophyllum, a 
native of warm climates. 

BeAX'-€0D, n. A small fishing vessel or pilot boat. 

Bi5AX'-FED, a. Fed with beans. Shak. 

BeAX^'-FLY, 71. A beautiful fly, of a pale purple color 

Be AX'-GOOSE, 7! A species of anas, a bird. 

Be IX'-TRE-FOIL The cytisus. Fam. of Plants. 

BeAX'-TRES-SEL, n. An herb. 

BEAR, v.t. pret. bore ; pp. born, borne. [Sax. bceran, beran, 
beoran.] 1. To support ; to sustain. 2. To carry ; to con- 
vey ; to support and remove from place to place. 3. To 
wear ; to bear as a mark of authority or distinction ; as, 
to bear a sword. 4. To keep afloat. 5. To support or 



* See Syriops^s. a, E, T, O, U, Y, /on^-.— FaR, FAI L, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PrX, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



v^ 



BEA 

sustain without sinking or yielding ; to endure. 6. To 
entertain ; to carry in the mind. 7. To suffer ; to under- 
go. 8. To suffer without resentment, or interference to 
prevent ; to have patience. 9. To admit or be capable of. 
10. To bring forth or produce, as the fruit of plants, or the 
young of animals. 11. To give birth to, or be the native 
place of. 12. To possess and use as power ; to exercise. 
13. To gain or win. 14. To carry on, or maintain ; *o 

- have. 15. To show or exhibit J to relate. 16. To sustain 
the effect, or be answerable for. 17. To sustain, as ex- 
pense ; to supply the means of paying. 18. To be the ob- 
ject of. 19. To behave 5 to act in any character. Shak. 
20. To remove, or to endure the effects of; and, hence, to 
give satisfaction for. 

To bear off, is to restrain ; to keep from approach ; and, in 
seamanship, to remove to a distance. — To bear dcnn, is to 
impel or urge ; to overthrow or crush by force. — 7> bear 
do/on upon, to press to overtake ; to make all sail to come 
up with. — T'o bear hard, is to press or urge. — To bear on, 
is to press against ; also, to carry forward, to press, incite 
or animate. — To bear through, is to conduct or manage ; 
to support. — To bear out, is to maintain and support to 
the end ; to defend to the last. — To bear up, to support ; 
to keep from falling. — To bear up, to keep afloat. — To bear 
date, is to have the mark of time when written or exe- 
cuted. — To bear a price, is to have a certain price. — To 
bear a hand, in seamanship, is to make haste, be quick. 

BEAR, V. i. 1. To suffer, as with pain. 2. To be patient ; 
to endure. Dryden. 3. To produce, as fruit ; to be fruit- 
ful. 4. To take effect ; to succeed. 5. To act in any 
character. 6. To be situated as to the point of com- 
pass. 

To bear away, in navigation, is to change the course of a 
ship, when close hauled, or sailing with a side wind, and 
make her run before the wind. To bear up, is used in a 
like sense, from the act of bearing up the helm to the 
windward. — To bear down, is to drive or tend to. — To 
bear in, is to run or tend towards. — To bear up, is to tend 
or move towards ; to be supported ; to have fortitude. — 
To bear upon, or against, is to lean upon or against. — To 
bear against, to a.ppwa.ch for attack or seizure. — To bear 
upon, to act upon ; to be pointed or situated so as to affect. 
To bear with, to endure what is unpleasing ; to be indul- 
gent. 

BEJiR'-€LOTH, or BEaR'ING-€LOTH, n. A cloth in 
which a new-born cliild is covered when carried to 
church to be baptized. 

BEAR, n. [Sax. bera ; Ger. bar.] 1. A wild quadruped, of 
the genus ursiis. 2. The name of two constellations in 
the northern hemisphere, called the greater and lesser 
bear. In the tail of the lesser bear is tlie pole-star. 

BEaR-BaIT-ING, n. The sport of baiting bears with dogs. 

BEaR'-BER-RY, n. A plant, a species of arbutus. 

BEaR'-BiND, n. A species of bind-weed. 

BEaR'S'-BREECH, n. Brank-ursine, or acanthus, a genus 
of plants. 

BEaR'S'-EAR, 71. A name of primula auricula. 

BEaR'S-EAR SAN'I-€LE, n. A species of cortusa. 

BEaR'-FLY, n. An insect. Bacon. 

BEaR'S'-FOOT, n. A plant, a species of hellebore. 

BEaR'-GAR-DEN^, ?!. A place where bears are kept. 

BEaR'-GAR-DEN, a. Rude ; turbulent. Todd. 

BEaR'-WHELP, n. The whelp of a bear. Shak. 

BEaR'S'-WoRT, 71. A plant. Shak. 

* BEARD, (herd) n. [Sax. beard : D. baard.] 1. The hair 
that grows on the chin, lips and adjacent parts of the face. 
A graij beard, and reverend beard, are terms for old age. 
2. ''Beard is sometimes used for the face. 3. The awn, or 
sharp prickles on the ears of corn. 4. A barb, or sharp 
point of an arrow, or other instrument, bent backward 
from the end, to prevent its being easily drawn out. 5. 
The beard or chuck of a horse, is that part which bears 
the curb of a bridle, underneath the lower mandible and 
above the chin. 6. The rays of a comet, emitted towards 
that part of the heaven to which its proper motion seems 
to direct it. 

* BEARD, (herd) v. t. 1. To take by the beard ; to seize, 
pluck or pull the beard. 2. To oppose to the face ; to set 
at defiance. 

*BEARD'ED, (berd'ed) a. 1. Having a beard. 2. Barbed 
or jagsred, as an arrow. 

* BEARD'ED, (berd'ed) pp. Taken by the beard ; opposed 
to the face. 

* BEARD'-GRASS, n. A plant, the andropogon. 

* BEARD'ING, (berd'ing) ppr. Taking by the beard ; oppos- 
ing to the face. 

* BEARD'LESS, (berd'less) a. Without a beard ; young ; 
not having arrived to manhood. 

*BEARD'LESS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being des- 
titute of beard. 

BEaR'ER, n. [See Bear.] 1, One who bears, sustains, or 
carries •, a carrier. 2. One who wears any thing, as a 
badge or sword. 3. A tree or plant that yields its fruit.— 
4. In architecture, a post or brick wall between the ends 



77 



BEA 



of a piece of timber, to support it. — 5. In heraldry, a.&g\ire 
in an achievement, placed hv the side of a shield, and 
seeming to support it. 

BEaR'HERD, n. A man that tends bears. 

BEaR'ING, j>pr. Supporting ; carrying ; producing. 

BEAR'ING, n. 1. Gesture ; mien ; behavior ShaK. 2 The 
situation of an object, with respect to anoliier object. — 3. 
In architecture,\.\\e space between the two fixed exlreuies 
of a piece of timber.-— 4. )n na.vigatiun, Ihe situation of a 
distant object, with regard to a ship's position, as on the 
bow, on the lee quarter, &.c. — 5. In heraldry, coats of 
arms or figures of armories. 

BEAR'ISH, a. Partaking of the qualities of a bear. 

BEAR'LlKE, a. Resembling a bear. Shak. 

BEARN,n. [Sax. beam ; Goth, barn.] A child. In Scot- 
land, bairn. Shak. 

BEAR' WARD, n. A keeper of bears. Shak. 

BEAST, 71. [Tr. Mast,piasd ; Corn, bist ; D. beest ; L. bes- 
tia ; Er. bite.] 1. Any four-footed animal, which may be 
used for labor, food or sport ; distinguished from fowls, 
insects, fishes and man. 2. An irrational animal.—^. 
Figuratively, a brutal man. 4. A game at cards. Hence 
to beast. 

BEAST, v.t A term at cards. 

BkAST'INGS. See Biestings. 

BeAST'ISH, a. Like a beast ; brutal. 

BeAST'LiKE, a. Like a beast ; brutal. 

BeAST'LI-NESS, n. Brutality ; coarseness ; vulgarity •, 
filthiness ; a practice contrary to the rules of humanity. 

BeAST'LY, a. 1. Like a beast •, brutal ; coarse ; filthy. 2. 
Having the form or nature of a beast. 

t BeAST'LY, ndv. In the manner of a beast. 

BEAT, V. t. pret. beat ; pp. beat, beaten. [Sax. beatan.] 1. 
To strike repeatedly ; to lay on repeated blows. 2. To 
strike an instrument of music ; to play on. 3. To break, 
bruise, comminute, or pulverize by beating or pounding. 
4. To extend by beating, as gold or other malleable sub- 
stance ; or to hammer into any form ; to forge. 5. To 
strike bushes ; to shake by beating, 01 to make a noise to 
rouse game. 6. To thresh ; to force out corn from the 
husk by blows. 7. To break, mix or agitate by beating. 
8. To dash or strike, as water ; to strike or brush, as 
wind. 9. To tread, as a path. 10. To overcome in a bat- 
tle, contest or strife 5 to vanquish or conquer. 11. To har- 
ass ; to exercise severely 5 to overlabor. 

To beat down, to break, destroy, throw down 5 to press 
down. Shak. To lower the price ; to depress or crush.— 
To beat back, to compel to retire or return. — To beat into, 
to teach or instill.— T'o beat up, to attack suddenly ; to 
alarm or disturb. — To beat the wing, to flutter ; to move 
with fluttering agitation.— T'o beat off, to repel or drive 
back.— T'o beat the hoof, to walk ; to go on foot.— To beat 
time, to measure or regulate tune in music by the motion 
of the hand or Toot. — To beat out, to extend by hammer- 
ing. In popular use, to be beat out, is to be extremely fa- 
tigued. 

BEAT, V. i. 1. To move with pulsation. 2. To dash with 
force, as a storm, flood, passion, &c. 3. To knock at a 
door. 4. To fluctuate ; ,0 be in agitation. 

T'o beat about, to try to find ; to search by various means or 
ways. — To beat upon, to act upon with violence. — T'o beat 
up for soldiers, is to go about to enlist men into the army. 
— In seamanship, to beat is to make progress against the 
direction of the wind by sailing in a zigzag line or trav- 
erse. — With hunters, a stag beats up and down, when he 
runs first one way and then another. 

BEAT, n. 1. A stroke ; a striking •, a blow, whether with 
the hand, or with a weapon. 2. A pulsation. 3. The 
rise or fall of the hand or foot, in regulating the divisions 
of time in music. 4. A transient grace-note in music, 
struck immediately before the note it is intended to orna- 
ment. 

BEAT, ) pp. Struck ; dashed against ; pressed or laid 

BeAT'EN, \ down ; hammered ; pounded ; vanquished ; 
made smooth by treading ; worn by use ; tracked. 

BeAT'ER, 71. l.One who beats, or strikes ; one whose oc- 
cupation is to hammer metals. 2. An instrument for 
pounding, or comminuting substances. 

BeAT'ER-UP, 7?. One who beats for game. 

t BEATH, V. t. To bathe. Spenser. 

BE-A-TIF'I€, ) a. [L. beatusandfacio.] That has the 

BE-A-TIF'T-€AL, \ power to bless or make happy ; used 
only of heavenly fruition after death ; as, beatific vision. 

BE-A-TIF'I-€AL-LY, adv. In such a manner as to com- 
plete happiness. 

BE-AT-1-FI-€A'TI0N, 71. In the Romish church, an act of 
the pope, by which he declares a person beatified or bless 
ed after death. 

BE-AT'I-FY, v.t. [L.beatiLSKnAfacio.] 1. To make hap 
py ; to bless with the completion of celestial enjoyment. 
2. In the Romish church, to declare, by a decree or public 
act, that a person is rece-ved into heaven, and is to be 
reverenced as blessed, though not canonized. 

BeAT'ING, ppr. Laying on blows ; striking ; dashing 



* See Synopsis. MoVE.BOQK. D6VE-— BTJLL, UNITE easK; 6as J ; S asZ ; CHasSH ; THasintAis. f Obsolete 



BEC 



78 



BED 



against ; conquering ; pounding ; sailing against the di- 
rection of tpe wind, <fcc. 

BeAT'LNG, n. The act of striking or giving blows , pun- 
isiinieMl or chastisement by blows. 

rSE-ATI-TlinE, H. IL bfatUudu.] 1 Blessedness; felicity 
of the highest kind ; consummate bliss ; iised of the juys 
of lieucev.. 2. The declaration of blessedness made by 
our Savior to particular virtues. 

BEAU, ibo) n. plu. Beaux. [Fr. beau.] A man of dress ; a 
fine, gay man ; one whose great care is to deck his per- 
son. In familiar languaire, a man who attends a lady. 

BEALT•l^^il, (bo'ish'' a. Like a beau ; foppish; fine. 

REAU-MONDE, (bo-mond') n. [Fr. beau and muiide.] The 
fashionable world ; people of fashion and gayety. Prior. 

BEAU'TE-OUS, (bu'tt-us) a. Very fair ; elegant inform; 
pleasing to the sight ; beautiful ; very handsome. It ex- 
pre'ises a greater degree of beauty than handsome, and is 
chiefly used in poetry. 

BEAuTE-OUS-LY, adv. In a beauteous manner; in a 
manner pleasing to the sight ; beautifully. 

BEAuTE-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being 
beauteouaj beauty. 

BEAU Tl-Fi-ER, ji. He or that which makes beautiful. 

BEAuTI-FUL, a. 1. Elegant in form; fair; having the 
form that pleases the eye. it expresses more than hand- 
some. 2. Having the qualities which constitute beauty, 
or that which pleases the senses other than the sjght ; as, 
a beautiful sound. 

BEAU'Tl-FUL-LY, (bu'te-ful-ly) adv In a beautiful man- 
ner. 

BEAU'TI-FUL-NESS, (bu'te-fuJ-nes) n. Elegance of form ; 
beauty ; the quality of being beautiful. 

BEAO'TI-FY, (bu'te-fl) v. t. [beauty, and L. faclo.] To 
make or render beautiful ; to adorn ; to deck ; to grace ; 
to add beauty to ; to embellish. 

BEAtJ'TI-FY, (bu te-fl) v. i. To become beautiful ; to ad- 
vance in beauty. .Addison. 

BEAU'TI-FY-liNG, n. The act of rendering beautiful. Bp. 
Taijlor. 

jBEAU'TI-LESS, a Without beauty. Hammond 

BEAU'TY, (buty) n. [Fr. beaute.] 1. An assemblage of 
graces, or an assemblage of properties in the form of the 
person or any other object, which pleases the eye. 2. A 
particul:;r grace, feature or ornament ; any particular 
thing which is beautiful and pleasing. 3. A particular 
excellence, or a part which surpasses in excellence that 
witn which it is united. 4. \ beautifui person. 5. In 
the arts, symmetry of parts ; hbrmony ; justness of com- 
position, 6. Joy and gladness. Is. Ixi. Order, prosperity, 
peace, holiness. Eiek. xvi. 

t BEAU TY, (bu'ty) v. t. To adorn ; to beautify or embel- 
lish. Shak. 

BEAU'TY-S^POT, (bu'te-spot) n. A patch ; a foil; a spot 
placed on the face to heighten beauty. 

BEAU TY-WaN-ING, a. DecjMiing in beauty. Shak. 

BeA'VER, ?(. [Sax. befor.] 1. An amphibious quadruped, 
of the genus cantor, valuable for its fur, and remarkable 
for its ingenuity in constructing its lodges or habitations. 
2. The fiir of the beaver, ana a hat made of the lur ; also, 
a part of a helmet that covers the face. 

BkA'VERED, a. Covered with or wearing a beaver. 

fBE-BLEED', w. J. To make bloody, Chaucer. 

t BE-BL60d'V I ^- *• '^^ "'^"^^ bloody. Sheldon. 
t BE-BLOT', v.\. To blot ; to stain. Chaucer. 
BE-BLITB'BERED, a. Foul or swelled with weeping. 
BEG-A-BUN'GA, n. Brooklime speedwell ; veronica beca- 

hunn-a : a plant. 
BEe-A-Fi'eO, n. A fig-pecker ; a bird like a nightingale, 

which feeds on figs. 
BE-CAEM', (be-cam) v. t. 1. To still ; to make quiet ; to 

appense ; to stop, or repress motion in a body. 2. To in- 
tercept the current of wind, so as to prevent motion. 
BE-€ALM'ED, (be-camd) pp. 1. auieted ; appeased. 2. 

a. Hindered from motion or progress by a calm. 
BE-eALM'ING, (be-cam'ing) -ppr. Appeasing ; keeping 

from motion or progress. 
BE-€ALiVriNG, (be-cam'ing) n. A calm at sea. 
BE-CaME', pret. o^ become. See Become. 
BE-€AUSE', [Sax. be. for by. and cause.] By cause, or 

by the cause ; on this account ; for the cause which 

is explained in the next proposition ; for the reason 

next explained. 
BE-CHAllM', V. t. To charm ; to captivate, 
BE-CflAIVCE', V. I. To befall ; to happen to. Shak. 
BE'eHl€, n. [Gr. l3iT)(iKa.] A medicine for relieving coughs, 

synonymous with pectoral. 
* BECK, n. [Sax. becc] A small brook. Gray. 
BECK, 77, rsax beacn.] A nod of the head ; a significant 

nod, intended to be understood by some person, especially 

as a sign of command. 
BECK, V. i. To nod or m?ke a sign with the head. 
BECK, V. t. To call by a nod ; to intimate a command to ; 

to notify by a motion of the head . 



BECKED, pp. Called or notified by a nod. 

BECK ET, 71. A thing used in ships to confine loose ropes, 
•;ackles or spars, , 

BEC'K'IKG, ppr. Nodding significantly ; directing by a nod 

BECKON, (beK'kn) v. i. [See Beck.] To make a sign to 
another, by nodding, winking, or a motion of the hand oi 
finger, &l.c. 

BECKON, (bekkn) v. t To make a significant sign to 

BECKON, 71. A sign without words, bolingbroke. 

BECKONED, pp. Having a sign made to, 

BECK'ON-L\G, ppr. Making a significant sign, as a hint 

t BE-CLIP', V. t. [Sax. beclyppan.] To embrace. 

BE-CLOUD', V. t. To cloud ; to obscure ; to dim. 

BE-COME', (be-cum') v.i. pret. became, pp. become. [Sax. 
becuman ,• D. bekoomen ; G. bekommen,] 1. To pass from 
one state to another ; to enter into some state or condi- 
tion. 2. To become of, usnnWy with what preceding ; to 
be the fate of ; to be the end of. 

BE-€;oME', 7'. t. In ifencrai, to suit or be suitable to ; to be 
congruous to ; to befit ; to accord with, in character or 
circumstances ; to be worthy of, decent or proper. 

BE-€6M'1.NG, ppr., but used rarely or never except as an 
adjective. Fit ; suitable ; congruous ; propei ; graceful ; 
belonging to the character, or adapted to circu:nstances. 

tBE-€oM'lNG, n. Ornament. Shak. 

BE-CoM'lNG-IiY, adv. After a becoming or proper man- 
ner. 

BE-€oM'ING-NESS, n. Fitness ; cnngruity ; propriety ; 
decency ; gracefulness arising from fitness. 

BE-CRIP'PLE, V. t. To make lame ; to cripple. \L. m.I 

tBE-€URL', v.t. To curl. 

BED, n. rSax. bed.] 1. A place or an article of furniture to 
sleep and take rest on, 2. Lodging ; a convenient place 
for sleep. 3. Marriage ; matrimonial connection. 4. A 
plat or level piece of ground in a garden, usually a little 
raised above the adjoining ground. 5. The channel of a 
river, or that part in which the water usually flows. 6. 
Any hollow place, especially in the arts ; a hollow place, 
in which any thing rests. 7. A layer ; a stratum ; an 
extended mass of any thing, whether upon the earth or 
within it. — To make a bed, is to put it in order. — To bring- 
to bed, to deliver of a child, is rarely used ; but, in the 
passive form, to be brought to bed, that is, to be delivered 
of a child, is common. — To put to bed, in midwifery, is to 
deliver of a child. — From bed and board. In laxc, a separa- 
tion of man and wife, without dissolving the bands of 
matrimony, is called a separation from bed and board, a 
viensa et thoro. 

BED, V. t. 1. To place in a bed. Bacon. 2. To go to bed 
with. [Unus^^aL] Sfiak. 3. To make partaker of the bed. 
Bacon. 4, To plant and inclose or cover ; to set or lay 
and inclose. 5. To lay in any hollow place, surrounded or 
inclosed. G. To lay in a place of rest or security, cover- 
ed, surrounded or inclosed. 7. To lay in a stratum; to 
stratify ; to lay in order, or flat. 

BED, V. i. To cohabit ; to use the same bed. 

BE-DAB'BLE, v.. t. To wet ; to sprinkle. Shak. 

BE-DAB'BLED, pp. Wet ; sprinkled. 

BE-DAB'BLING, ppr. Wetting ; sprinkling. 

t BE-DAFF', v. t. To make a fool of. Chaucer. 

BE-DAG GLE, v. t. To soil, as clothes, by drawing the 
ends in the mud, or spattering them with dirty water. 

BE-DAG'GLED, pp. Soiled by reaching the mud in walk- 
ing ; bespattering. 

fBE-DARE', v.t. To dare; to defy. Peele. 

t BE-DARK-', V. t. To darken. Oower. 

t BE-DARK'EN, r. t. To obscure ; to darken. 

BE-DASH', v. t. To wet, by throwing water or other liquor 
upon ; to bespatter with water or mud. 

BE-DASH'ED, (be-dashf) pp. Bespattered with water or 
other liquid. 

BEDASHING, ppr. Bespattering; dashing water upon, or 
other liquid. 

BE-DAUB', v. t. To daub over ; to besmear with viscous 
slimy matter ; to soil with any thing thick and dirtj'. 

BE-DAUB'ED. (be daubd') pp. Daubed over ; besmeared 

BE-DAUB'TNG, ppr. Daubing over ; besmearing. 

BE-DAZ'ZLE, v. t. To confound the sight by too strong a 
light ; to make dim by lustre. 

BE-DAZ'ZLED, pp. Having the sight confounded by too 
strong a light. 

BE-DAZ'Z LING, ppr. Confounding or making dim by a too 
brilliant lustre 

BEDCHAMBER, -n. An apartment or chamber for a bed 
or for sleep and repose. 

BED'-CLoTRES, 7i. plu. Blankets, or coverlets, &c,, for 
beds. See Clothes. 

BEDDED, pp. Laid in a bed ; inclosed as in a bed. 

BED'DER, or BE-DET'TER, n. The nether stone of an 
oil mill. Todd. 

BED'DING, ppr. Laying in a bed ; inclosing as in a bed 

BED'DING, V. A bed and its furniture ; a bed ; the mate- 
rials of a bed, whether for man or beast. 

BE-DEAD', V. t. To deaden. Hallywell. 



* See Synopsis I, E, I, o, tj, Y, long.—¥kR, FALL, WH^T ;— ^^RfiY ;— HN, MARINE, BtRD ;— t Obiolete. 



BEE 79 



BE-l)ECK' V. t. To deck ; to adcni ; to grace. Shak. 

BE-DECK ED, (be-dekf) pp. Adorned ; ornamented. 

BE-IJECK'ING, ppr. Adorning ; decking. 

\ BeDE'HOUSE, n. Formerly, a hospital or alms-house. 

BE'DEL, 71. An officer in the universities of England. [A 
peculiar orthography oibeadLe.] 

BE'DEL-R5f, n. The extent of u bedel's office. Blount. 

BE-DEW, V. t. To moisten, as with dew 5 to moisten in a 
gentle manner with any liquid. 

BE-DEVV'ED, (be-dewd') pp. Moistened, as if with dew ; 
gently moistened. 

BE-I)EW'ER, n. That which bedews. Sherwood. 

BE-DEW'ING, ppr. Moistening gently, as with dew ; wet- 
ting. 

BE-DEW'Y,_a. Moist with dew. {Little used.] 

BED'FEL-LoW, n. One who lies in the same bed. Shak. 

BED HANG-lx^GS, 71. Curtains. Shak. 

BE-DIGHT', (be-dite') v. t. To adorn ; to dress ; to set off 
with ornaments. [Little used.} 

BE-DIGHT' ED, pp. Adorned ; set off with ornaments. 

BE-DIGHT'ING, ppr. Adorning. 

BEDIM', V. t. To make dim ; to obscure or darken. 

BE-DIM'MED, (be-dmid') pp Made dim ; obscured. 

BE-DIM'MING, ppr. Making dim ; obscuring ; darkening. 

fBE-DJS'MAL, V. t. To make dismal. Student. 

BE-DIZ'EN, (be-diz'zn) v. t. To adorn ; to deck ; a loic word. 

BE-DIZ'ENED, pp. Bedecked; adorned. 

BE-DLZ'EN-ING, ppr. Adorning. 

BED'LAM, n. [corrupted from Bethlehem, the name of a 
religious house in London, afterward converted into a 
hospital for lunatics.] 1. A mad-house ; a place appropri- 
ated for lunatics. 2. A madman ; a lunatic ; one who 
lives in Bedlam. 3. A place of uproar. 

BED'LAM, a. Belonging to a mad-house. Shak. 

BED'LAM-lTE, n. An inhabitant of a mad-house ; a mad- 
man. 

BED'Ma-KER, n. One whose occupation is to make beds, 
as in a college or university. 

BED'MATE, n. A bed-fellow. Shak. 

BED-MoLD-ING, n. In architecture, the members of a 
cornice, which are placed below the coronet. 

t BE-DoTE', V. t. To make to dote. Chaucer. 

BED'FoST, 71. The post of a bedstead. 

BEDPRES-SER, n. A lazy fellow ; one who loves his bed. 
Shak. 

BE-DRAG'GLE, v. t. To soil, as garments which are suf- 
fered, in walking, to reach the dirt. 

BE-DRAG'GLED, pp. Soiled by reaching the dirt in walk- 
ing. 

BE-DRAG'GLING, ppr. Soiling by drawing along in dirt or 
mud. 

BE-DRENCH , v. t. To drench ; to soak ; to saturate with 
moisture. Shak. 

BE-DRENCH'ED, (be-drenchf) pp. Drenched ; soaked. 

BE-DRENCH'ING, i}pr. Soaking ; drenching. 

BED RID, ) a. Confined to the bed by age or infirm- 

BED'RID-DEN, ] ily- Shak. 

BED'RlTE, n. The privilege of the marriage bed. 

BED'ROOM, n. 1. A room or apartment intended or used for 
a bed ; a lodging room. 2. Room in a bed. [JVot in use.] 
Shak. 

BE-DROP', V. t. To sprinkle, as with drops. 

BE-DROP'PED, (be-dropf) pp. Sprinkled as with drops ; 
speckled ; variegated with spots. 

BED'SIDE, 71. The side of the bed. Middleton. 

BED STAFF, n. A wooden pin anciently inserted on the 
sides of bedsteads, to keep the clothes from slipping on 
either side. 

BED STEAD, (bed'sted) n. A frame for supporting a bed. 

BED'STRAW, n. Straw laid under a bed to make it soft ; 
also, the name of a plant. 

BED'SWERV-ER, n. One that swerves from his bed ; that 
is, one who is unfaithful to tlie marriage vow. Shak. 

BED'TlME, n. The time to go to rest ; the usual hour of 
going to bed. Shak. 

BE-DUCK', V. t. To duck ; to put the head under water ; 
to immei-se. Spenser. 

f BE-DUNG', V. t. To manure with dung. Bp. Hall. 

t BE-DUSK', V. t. To smutch. Cotgrave. 

BE-DUST', V. t. To sprinkle, soil, or cover with dust. 

BED'WARD, ado. Toward bed. Shak. 

BE-DWARF', V. t. To make little 5 to stunt, or hinder 
growth. Donne. 

BED'WoRK, n. Work done in bed, without toil of the 
hands, or with ease. Shak- 

BE-DyE', (be-dl') v. t. To dye ; to stain. Spenser. 

BE-DY'ED, (be-dide') pp. Dyed ; stained. 

BEE, n. [Sax. beo ; D. bye.] An insect of the genus apis. 
The species are numerous, of which the honey-bee is the 
most interesting to man. 

BEE'-BREAD, n. The pollen of flowers collected by bees, 
as food for their young. 

BEE'-kAT-ER, 71. A bird that feeds on bees. 

BEE'-FLOW-ER, n. A plant ; a species oC ophrys. 



BEF 

BEE'-GAR-DEN, n. A garden, or iii»'osure to set be© 
hives in. 

BEE'-GLUE, 71. A soft, unctuous matter, with which bees 
cement the combs to the hives, and close up the cells ; 
calledalso propolis. 

BEE'-HlVE, n. A case, box, or othei hollow vessel, which 
serves as a habitation for bees. 

BEE'-MaS-TER, n. One who keeps bees. 

BEECH, n. [Sax. bece, boc] A tree arranged by Linne un 
der the geiiusfagus, 

BEECH'-CoAL, n. Charcoal from beech wood. 

BEECH'EN, (bee'chn) a. Consisting of the wood or bark 
of the beech ; belonging to the beech. 

BEECH'MAST, 71. Ihe fruit or nuts of the beech. 

BEECH'-OIL, n. Oil expressed from the mast or nuts of the 
bcccli-trcc* 

BEECH'-TREE, n. The beech. 

BEEF, 71. [Fr. boeuf, beuf.] 1. An animal of the boviuB 
genus, whether ox, bull, or cow. In this, which is tht 
original sense, the word has a plural, beeves. 2. 'llie 
flesh of an ox, bull, or cow, when killed. 

BEEF, a. Consisting of the flesh of the ox, or bovine kind. 

BEEF'-eAT-ER, 7(. I. One that eats beef. 2. A yeuinun 
of the guards, in England. 3. The buphaga, an African bird 

BEEF'-STEaK, 71. A steak or slice of beef for broiling. 

BEEF'-VVIT-TED, a. Dull in intellects ; stupid ; heavy- 
headed. Shak. 

t BEELD, 71. [Sax. behlydan.] Protection -, refuge. Fairfax 

BEE'MOL, n. In music, a half note. Bacon. 

BEEN, (bin) [Sax beon.] Part. perf. of 6c. In eld authoi-s 
it is also the present tense plural of be. 

BEEN, 71. A fritted stringed instrument of music, having 
nineteen frets ; used in India. 

BEER, n. [W. bir : Fr. biere.] 1. A spirituous liquor made 
from any ferinaceous grain ; but generally from barley, 
with the addition of hoi)s. 2. Berr is a name given in 
America to feimenting liquors made of various other ma- 
terials. 

BEER'-BAR-REL, n. A barrel for holding beer. 

BEER'-HOUSE, 71. A house where malt liquors are sold ; 
an ale-house. 

BEEST INGS. See Biestings. 

BEET, n. [D. Met ; Ger. beete.] A plant of the genus beta. 

BEE'TLE, 71. [Sax. bill or bytl, a mallet ; betel, the insect, 
beetle.] 1. A heavy mallet or wooden hammer, used to 
drive wedges, &;c. — 2. In zoology, a genus of insects, the 
scarahcBus, of many species. 

BEE'TLE, V. i. To jut ; to be prominent ; to hang or ex- 
tend out. 

BEE'TLE-BROVV, n. A prominent brow. 

BEE'TLE-BROWED, a. Having prominent brows. 

BEE'TLE-HEAD, n. A stupid fellow. Scot. 

BEE'TLE-HE^JDED, a. Having a head like a beetle j dull ; 
stupid. Shak. 

BEETLE-STOCK, n. The handle of a beetle. 

BEE'TLMG, ppr. Jutting ; being prominent. 

BEET'-RAVE, or BEET'-RAD-iSH, n. A kind of beet, 
used for salad, .dsh. 

BEEVES, 74. plu. of beef. Cattle ; quadrupeds of the bovine 
genus, called, in England, black cattle. 

BE-FALL', V. t. pret. befell ; part, befallen. [Sax. befml- 
lan'.] To happen to ; to occur to. Jt usually denotes ill. 

BE-FALL', V. i. To happen •, to come to pass. 

BE-FALL'ING, ppr. Happening to 5 occurruig to ; coming 
to pass. 

BE-FELL', pret. of befall. 

BE-FIT', V. t. To suit ; to be suitable to ; to become. 

BE-FIT'TING, ppr. or a. Suiting ; becoming. 

BE-FoAM', V. t. To cover with foam. [Little used.] 

BE-FOOL', V. t. To fool ; to infatuate ; to delude. 

BE-FOOL'ED, (be-foold') pp. Fooled ; deceived ; led into 
error. 

BE-FOOIi'ING, ppr. Fooling ; making a fool of ; deceiving ; 
infatuating. 

BE-FoRE', prep. [Sax. before, or bcforan.] 1. In front ; on 
the side with the face, at any distance ; used of persons. 
2. In presence of, with the idea of power, authority, re- 
spect. 3. In sight of ; as, before tlie face. 4. In the 
presence of, noting cognizance or jurisdiction. 5. In the 
power of, noting the right or ability to choose or possess ; 
free to the choice. 0. In front of any object. 7. Preced- 
ing in time. 8. In preference to. 9 Superior 5 preceding 
in dignity. 10. Prior to 5 having prior right ; preceding in 
order. 11. Previous to ; in previous order ; in order to. 
12. Before the wind, is to move in the direction of the 
wind by its impulse. 

BE-FoRE', adv. 1. In time preceding. 2. In time preced- 
ing, to the present, or to this t:me ; hitheito. 3. Further 
onward in pla je, in progress, or in front. 4. In front; on 
t he fore part. 

BE FoRE'HA^^D, adv. 1. In a state of anticipation or 
preoccupati' n ; often followed by with. 2. Antecedent- 
ly -, by war of preparation or preliminary ; aforetime. 3. 
In a state of accumulation, so as that more has been 



♦ Sec Synapsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE •,— BIJI>L, UNITE — C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SII ; TH as in tMs. t Obsolete 



BEG 



80 



jBEH 



received than expended . 4. At first ; before any thing is 
done. 
{•BE-FoRE-TIME, adv. Formerly ; of old time. 
BE-FUR TUNt, v. t. To happen to ; to betide. 

B.i-FU[JL', V. t. [Sax. befylan.] To make foul ; to soil. 

Bh;-FRIENU', (be-fr-ud') ?;. t. To favor ; to act as a friend 
to ; to countenance, aid, or benefit. 

BE-FRlEiNUED, p/). Favored •, countenanced. 

BE-FRlEiND'lNG, ppr. Favoring; assisting as a friend; 
sliowuig kindness to. 

BE-FRi^OE', (be-frinj') v. t. To furnish with a fringe ; to 
adorn as with fringe. 

BE FRiiXG ED, ('be-frinjd') pp. Adorned as with a fringe. 

B;OJ, or BEY, n. [the Turks write this word begh^ or bek, 
but pronounce it beij (ba.)] In the Turkish dominions, a 
governor of a town or country ; more particularly, the 
lord of a sangiac or banrer. — in Tunis, the beg, or bey, is 
tiie prince or king, answering to the dey of Algiers. 

BEG, V. t. 1. To ask earnestly ; to beseech ; to entreat cr 
supplicate with humility. 2. To ask or supplicate in char- 
ity. 3. To take for granted ; to assume without proof. 

BEG, V. i. To ask alms or charity ; to practice begging ; to 
live by asking alms. 

BE-GET', V. t. pret. begot, begat ; pp. begot, begotten. [Sax. 
btgetan.] 1. To procreate, as a father or sire ; to generate. 
2. To produce, as an efiect ; to cause to exist ; to gen- 
erate. 

BE-GET'TER, n. One who begets or procreates ; a father. 

BEG'GA-BLE, a. That may be begged. Butler. 

BEG'GAR, 71. 1. One that lives by asking alms, or makes 
it his business to beg for charity. 2. One who supplicates 
witJi humility ; a petitioner. 3. One who Eissumes in ar- 
gument what he does not prove. 

BEG'GAR, V. t. 1. To reduce to beggary ; to impoverish. 
2. To deprive or make destitute ; to exhaust. 

BEG'GAR ED, pp. Reduced to extreme poverty. 

BEG'GAR-ING, ppr. Reducing to indigence or a state of 
beggnry. 

BEG GAR-LI-NESS, n. The state of being beggarly ; mean- 
n*^ss ; extreme poverty. Barret. 

BEG'GAR-LY, a. Mean; poor; in the condition of a beg- 
gar • extremely indigent. Shak. 

BW-'GAR-LiY, adv. Meanly; indigently; despicably. 

BEG'GAR MAID, n. A maid that is a beggar. Shak. 

BEGGAR-MAN, n. A man tliat is a beggar. Shak. 

BEG'GAR-WOM-AN, n. A female beggar. Shak. 

BEG'GAR- Y, n. A state of extreme indigence. 

BEGGED, ;>;>. Entreated ; supplitated ; asked in charity. 

BEG'GING, ppr. Asking alms ; supplicating ; assuming 
without proof. 

BEG GliVG, n. The act of soliciting alms ; the practice of 
asking alms. 

BE-G HARDS', or BE-GUARDS', n. A religious order of St. 
Francis. 

BE-GILT', a. Gilded. B. Jonson. 

BE-GIN', V. i. pret. began ; pp. begun. [Sax. gynnan, agin- 
nan, and beirinnan.] 1. To have an original or first exist- 
ence ; to take rise ; to commence. 2. To do the first 
act ; to enter upon something new ; to take the first step. 

BE-GIN', V. t. 1. To do the first act of any thing ; to enter 
on ; to commence. 2. To trace from any thing, as the 
first ground , to lay the foundation. 

t BE-GIN', «. For beginnincr. Spenser. 

BE-GIN'NER, 71. 1. The person who begins. 2 One who 
first enters upon any art, science, or business ; one who 
is in his rudiments ; a young practitioner. 

BE-GIN'NING, ppr. First entering upon ; commencing ; 
giving rise or original ; taking rise or origin. 

BE-GIN'NING, n. 1. The first cause; origin. 2. That 
which is first ; the first state ; commencement ; entrance 
into being. 3. The rudiments, first ground, or materials. 

t BE-GIN NING-LESS, a. That hath no beginning. 

BE-GiRD , V. t. pret. begirt, bcgirded ; pp. begirt. [Sax. be- 
gyrdan.] 1. To bind with a band or girdle. 2. To sur- 
round; to inclose; to encompass. 3. To besiege. — To 
begirt, used by B. Jonson, is a corrupt orthography. 

BE-GiRD ED, or BE-GiRT', pp. Bound with a girdle ; sur- 
rounded ; inclosed ; besieged. 

BE-GiRD'lNG, ppr. Binding with a girdle; surrounding; 
besieging. 

BEG'LER-BEG, n. [See Beg.] The governor of a province 
in the Turkish emp're, next In dignity to the grand vizier. 
His province is called beglerbeglik. 

t BE-G LOOM', v.t. To cast a gloom over; to darken. 
Badcock. 

BE-GNAW, (be-naw') v. t. [Sax, begnagan.] To bite or 
gnaw'; to eat away ; to corrode ; to nibble. 

t BE-GOD' V. t. To deify ; to treat as a god. More. 

BE-GONE'. {pron. nearly, be-gawn') Go away ; depart. 
These two words have been improperly united. Be re- 
tains the sense of a verb, and gone that of a participle. 

BE-GoR'ED, a. Besmeared with grve. 

BE-GOt'tEN \pP-^^i^^- Procreated ; generated. 



t BE-GRaVE', v. t. 1. To deposit in the grave ; to bury. 

2. Toengrave. Qower. 

BE-GReA»E', v. t. To soil or daub with grease, or other 
oily matter. 

BE-GRlME', V. t. To soil with din deep impressed, so that 
the natural hue cannot easily be recovered. Shak. 

BE-GRlM'ED, (be-grimd'j pp. Deeply soiled. 

BE-GRUDGE', (be-grudj') v. t. To grudge ; to envy the 
possession of. 

BE-GUlLE', (be-glle') v.t. 1. To delude ; to deceive ; to 
impose on by artifice or craft. 2. I'o elude by craft. 3 
To elude any thing disagreeable by amusement, or other 
means ; to pass pleasingly ; to amuse. 

BE-GUiL'ED, (be-glld') pp. Deluded ; imposed on ; misled 
by craft ; eluded by stratagem ; passed pleasingly. 

BE-GUiL'ER, (be-gl'ler) n. He or that which beguiles or 
deceives. 

BE-GUiL'ING,jp;?r. Deluding; deceiving by craft ; eluding 
by artifice ; amusing. 

BE-GUILT'Y, (be-gil'te) v. t. To render guilty. [A barba- 
rous ivord.'] Sanderson. 

BE'GUIN, 71. One of a congregation of nuns in Flanders. 

BE-GUN',^p. of 6eo-irt. Commenced; originated. 

BE-HALF', (be-haP) n. [Sax. behefe.] 1. Favor ; advantage ; 
convenience; profit; support; defense; vindication. 2. 
Part, side ; noting substitution, or the act of taking the 
part of another. 

BE-HAP'PEN, v. i. To happen to. Spenser. 

BE-HaVE', v. t. [G. gehaben.] 1. To restrain ; to govern ; 
to subdue. This sense is obsolete. 2. To carry ; to con- 
duct ; used with the reciprocal pronoun ; as, he behaves 
himself rmnfuWy . 

BE-HaVE', v. i. To act ; to conduct ; generally applied to 
manners, or to conduct in any particular business ; and in 
a good or bad sense. He behaves well or ill. 

BE-HaV'ED, (be liavd') pp. Conducted. 

BE-HaV'ING, ppr. Carrying ; conducting. 

BE-HaV'IOR, (be-hav'yur) n. Mannerof behaving, whether 
good or bad; conduct; manners; carriage of one's self, 
v.'ith respect to propriety, or morals ; deportment. — To be 
upon one''s behavior, is to be in a state of trial, in which 
something important depends on propriety of conduct. 
The modern phrase is, to be, or to be put, upon one^s good 
behavior. 

BEHEAD', (be-hed') v. t. To cut off the head ; to sever 
the head from the body with a cutting instrument. 

BE-HEAD'ED, (be-hed'ed) pp. Having the head cut off. 

BE-HEAD'ING, (be-hed'ing) ppr. Severing the head from 
the body. 

BE-HEAD'ING, (be-hed'ing) n. The act of separating tlie 
head from the body by a cutting instrument ; decollation. 

BE-HELD', pret. and pp. of behold, which see. 

t BE-HEL', v. t. To torture as with the pains of hell. Heiryt. 

Be'HE-MOTH, 71. [Heb. nicna] Authors are divided in 
opinion as to the animal intended in Scripture by tliis 
name ; some supposing it to be an ox, others an elephant ; 
and Bochart labors to prove it the hippopotamus, or river 
horse. The latter opinion is the most probable, 

Bk'HEN, BEx\,or BEK'EN, 7). A plant. The ieAen of the 
shops, or white heben, is spatling poppy. Red behen is 
sea lavender. 

BE-HEST', 71. [be, and Sax. hcese.] Command ; precept , 
mandate, [Antiquated, except in poetry .^ 

fBE-HIGHT', (be-hite') v.t. pret. behot. [^&x. behetan.'] 
To promise ; to intrust ; to call, or name ; to command ; 
to adjudge ; to address ; to inform ; to mean ; to reckon. 
Chaucer. 

BE-HiND', prep. [Sax. behindan.] 1. At the back of anoth- 
er. 2. On the back part, at any distance ; in tlie rear. 

3. Remaining ; left after the departure of another, whether 
by removing to a distance, or by death. 4. Left at a dis- 
tance, in progress or improvement. 5. Inferior to another 
in dignity and excellence. 6. On the side opposite the 
front or nearest part, or opposite to that which fronts a 
person ; on the other side. Behind the back., in Scripture, 
signifies, out of notice, or regard ; overlooked ; disre- 
garded. 

BE-HiND', atfTJ. 1. Out of sight ; not produced, or exhibited 
to view ; remaining. 2. Backwards ; on the back part. 
3. Past in the progress of time. 4. Future, or remaining 
to be endured. 5. Remaining after a payment ; unpaid. 
6. Remaining after the departure of. 

BE-HlND'HAND, a. In arrear ; in an exhausted state ; in 
a state in which rent or profit has been anticipated, and 
expenditures precede the receipt of funds to supply them 
In popular use, a state of poverty. 

BE-HoLD', V. t. pret. and pp. beheld. [Sax. behealdan, be 
heoldaji.] 1. To fix the eyes upon ; to see with attention 
to observe with care. 2. To 'ook upon ; to see. 

BE-HoLD', V. i. 1. To look ; to direct the eyes to an ob 
ject. 2. To fix the attention upon an object ; to attend , 
to direct or fix the mind. 

BE-HoLD'EN, (be-h51'dn) pp. or a. Obliged ; bound in 
gratitude ; indebted. 



See Synopsis S, E, I, 5, ^j^, long.— FA.R, FALL, WH,^T ;— PREY ;— PXN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



BE£ 



8] 



BEL 



BE-H6LD'ER, n. One who beholds ; a spectator ; one who 
looks upon, or sees. 

BE-HoLI"ii\G, ppr. 1. Fixing tlie eyes upon ; looking on ; 
seeing. 2. Fixing the attention ; regarding with atten- 
tion. 3. Obliged. A mistaken use of the word for be- 
holden. — '1. 71. Obligation. [JV'ot used.] Carew. 

t BE-KoLD'ING-NESS, n. The state of being obliged. 

BE-HoN'EY, V. t. To sweeten with honey. Sherwood. 

BE-HOOF', n. [Sax. behofian.} 1. Need, necessity. 2. 
Inpresent usage, that which is advantageous ; advantage ; 

, profit; benefit. 

BE-HOOV'A-BLE, a. Needful •, profitable. 

BE-HOOVE', (be-hoov ) w. t. [Sax behofian.] Tobe necessa- 
ry for ; to be fit for ; to be meet for, with respect to necessi- 
ty, duty, or convenience. Jt may, perhaps, be sometimes 
used intransitively ; as, let him behave as it behooveth. 

BE-HOOVE'FUL, vbe-hoov'ful) a. Needful ; useful -, profit- 
able 5 advantageous. 

t BE-HOOV E'FUL-LY, (be-hoov'ful-ly) adv. Usefully ; 
profitably. 

t BE-HOOVE'LY, a. Profitable. Gower. 

t BE-HOT', pret. of behight. 

BE-HOVE', (be-hoov') and its derivatives. See Behoove. 

t BE-HOWL', V. i. To howl at. Shak. 

Be'ING, ppr. [See Be.] Existing in a certain state. 

Bk'ING, n. I. Existence ; a particular state or condition. 
2. A person existing. 3. An immaterial, intelligent ex- 
istence, or spirit. 4. An animal ; any living creature. 

f Be'ING-PLACE, n. An existence. Spenser. 

BE IT SO. A phrase of anticipation, suppose it be so ; or of 
permission, let it be so. Shak. 

t BE-JaDE', v. t. To tire. Milton. 

t BE-J aPE', v. t. To laugh at ; to deceive. Chaucer. 

•(■ BE-KISS', V. t. To kiss or salute. Jonson. 

tBE-KJ>JAVE', V. t. To call knave. Pope. 

(• BE-KNoW, (be-no') v. t. To acknowledge. Chaucer. 

BE-La'BOR, v. t. To beat soundly ; to thump. Dnjden. 

BE-LaCE', v. t. 1. To fasten, as with a lacs or cord. 2. 
To beat ; to whip. 

BE-La'CED, a. Adorned with lace. Beaumont. 

t BE-LAM', V. t. To beat ; to bang. 

+ BEL'A-MOUR, n. [Fr. bel-amour.] A gallant ; a consort. 
Spenser. 

t BEL'A-MY, n. [Fr. bel-ami.] A good friend ; an intimate. 
Spenser. 

■f BE-LATE , V. t. To retard or make too late. 

BE-LaT'ED, a. 1. Benighted 5 abroad late at night. 2. 
Too late for the hour appointed or intended; later than 
the proper time. 

BE-LAT'fiD'NESS, n. A being too late. Milton. 

fBE-LlVE', V. t. To wash. 

tBE-LAW'GIVE, v. t. To give a law to. Milton. 

BE-LaY', v. t. 1. To block up, or obstruct. 2. To place 
in ambush. 3. To adorn, surround, or cover. 4. In sea- 
manship, to fasten, or make fast, by windmg a rope round 
a cleat, kevil, or Jrelaying-pin. 

BE-LaY'ED, (be-lade') pp. Obstmcted ; ambushed ; made 
fast. 

BE-LaY'ING, ppr. Blocking up ; laying an ambush ; mak- 
ing fast. 

BELCH, v.t. [Sax. bealcan.] 1. To throw or eject wind 
from the stomach with violence. 2. To eject violently 
from a deep, hollow place. 

BELCH, V. i. [Sax. bealcan.] 1 To eject wind from the 
stomach. 2. To issue out, as by eructation. 

BELCH, n. 1. The act of throwing out from the stomach, 
or from a hollow place ; eructation. 2. A cant name for 
malt liquor. 

BELCH'ED, (belcht) pp. Ejected from the stomach, or 
from a hollow place. 

BELCH'ING, ppr. Ejecting from the stomach, or any deep, 
hollow place. 

BELCH'ING, n. Eructation. Barret. 

BEL'DAM, n. [Fr. belle, and dame. It seems to be used in 
contempt, or as a cant term.] 1. An old woman. Shak. 
2. A hag. Drijden. 

BE-LeA'GUER, (be-le'ger) v. t. [Ger. belagern.] To be- 
siege ; to block up ; to surround with an army, so as to 
preclude escape. 

BE-LkA'GUERED, pp. Besieged. 

BE-LkA'GUER-ER, n. One who besieges. 

BE-LkA'GUER-ING, ppr. Besieging; blocking up. 

t BE-LeA VE', v. t. To leave. May. 

t BE-LEE'. v. t. To place on the lee. Shak. 

BE-LEM'NITE, 71. [Gr. (S^Ujxvov.] Arrow-head, or finger- 
stone ; vulgarly called thunder-bolt, or thunder-stone. 

t RE-LEP'ER, v. t. To infect with leprosy. 
BEL'FLOW-ER, n. A plant. 

BEL'FOUND-ER, 71. He who founds 01 casts bells Bacon. 
BEL'FRY, 71 [Fr. befroy.] 1. Among military writers of 
the middle age, a tower erected by besiegers to over- 
look the place hesieg"='d, in which sentinels were placed. 
2. That part of a steeple, or other building, in which a 
bell is hung. 



t EEL-GARD', n. [Fr. bel and egard.] A soft look or glance 

BEL'GI-AN, a. Belonging to Belgica. 

BEL'GI-ANj n. A native of Belgica, or the Low Countries. 

BEL'GIC, a. [L. Belgicus.] Pertaining to the Belgas, or to 
the Netherlands. 

Be'LI-AL, n. [Keb. 7J,"73] Jls a noun, unprofitableness ; 
wickedness. As an adjective, worthless ; wicked. In a 
collective sense, wicked men. Parkhurst. 

t BE-Ll'BEL, v.t. To libel or traduce. Fuller. 

BE-LlE', (be-li') v. t. [be and lie. t-ax. belecgan.] 1. To 
give the lie to ; to show to be false ; to charge with false- 
hood. 2. To counterfeit ; tomunick ; tofeign resemblance. 
3. To give a false representation. 4. To tell lie? concern- 
ing ; to calumniate by false reports. 5. To fill with lies 
Shak. 

BE-LiEiy, (be-lide') pp. Falsely represented, either by word 
or obvious evidence and indication ; counterfeited ; mim- 
icked. 

BE-LIeF', (be-leef ) n. [Sax. geleaf, geleafan, gelefan, 
geliefan, gelyfan, to believe.] 1 A persuasion of the 
truth, or an assent of mind to the truth, of a declaration, 
proposition, or alledged fact, on the ground of evidence. — 
2. in theology, faith, or a firm persuasion of the truths of 
religion. 3. Religion. 4. Persuasion or opinion. 5. The 
thmg believed ; the object of belief. 6. A creed ; a form 
or summary of articles of faith. 

BE-LIeV'A-BLE, (be-le'va-bl) a. That may be believed ; 
credible. 

BE-LIeVE', (be-leev') v. t. 1. To credit upon the authority 
or testimony of another ; to be persuaded of the tmth of 
something. 2. To expect or hope with confidence ; to 
trusty 

BE-LIeVE', v. i. To have a fmn persuasion of any thing ; 
to think, or suppose.— In theology, to believe sometimes 
expresses a mere assent of the understanding ; and some- 
times it implies, witii this assent of the mmd, a yielding 
of the will and affections. 

BE-LIeV'ED, (be-leevd') pp. Credited ; assented to, as 
true._ 

BE-LIeV'ER, n. 1. One who believes ; one who gives 
credit to other evidence than that of personal knowledge. 
— 2. In theology, one who gives credit to the truth of the 
Scriptures, as a revelation from God. In a more restricted 
sense_, a professor of Christianity. 

BE-LIeVING, ppr. Giving credit to testimony, or to other 
evidence than personal knov.^ledge. 

BE-LIeV'ING-LY, adv. In a believing manner. 

BE-LiKE', adv. [be and like.] Probably ; likely ; perhaps. 
[JVearly antiquated.] 

fBELlKE'LY, at^y. Probably. Hall. 

fBE-LlME', V. t. To besmear with lime ; losoil. Bp. Hall. 

BE-LIT'TLE, v.t. To make smaller, or less in size. Jef 
ferson. 

t BE -LIVE', atZf. Speedily; quickly. Spenser. 

BELL, n. [Sax. bell, bella, belle.] 1. A vessel or hollow 
body of cast metal, used for making sounds. Its constit- 
uent parts are a barrel or hollow body enlarged or expand- 
ed at one end, an ear or cannon by which it is hung to a 
beam, and a clapper on the inside. 2. A hollow body of 
metal, perforated, and containing a solid ball, to give sounds 
when shaken ; used on animals. 3. Any thing in form 
of a hell, as the cup or calix of a flower.- To bear the bell, 
is to be the first, or leader, in allusion to the bell-wether of 
a flock. 

BELL, V. i. To grow in the form of bells, as buds or flow- 
ers. 

BELL'-FASH-IONED, a. Having the form of a bell. 

BELL'-FLOW-ER, n. A genus of plants, so named from 
the shape of the flower. 

BELL'-FOUND-ER, n. A man whose occupation is to found 
or cast bells. 

BELL-MAN, n. A man who rings a bell, especially to give 
notice of any thing in the streets. 

BELL'-MET-AL, (bel'-met-tl) n. A mixt ure of copper and 
tin, in the proportion of about ten parts of copper to one 
of tin, and usually a small portion of brass or zink ; used 
for making bells. 

BELL'-PEP-PER, n. A name of the Guinea pepper, a spe- 
cies of capsicum. 

BELL'-RING-ER, n. One whose business is to ring a church 
or other bell. 

BELL'-SHAPED, a. Having the form of a bell. 

BELL'-WETH-ER, n. A wether or sh^ep which leadu the 
flock with a bell on his neck. 

BELL'-WoRT, n. A plant, the uvularia. 

BEL'LA-DON-NA, v. A plant, a species of atropa. 

BEL'LA-TRIX, n. [L.] A ruddy, glittering star, of the sec- 
ond magnitude, in the left shoulder of Orion. 

BELLE, (bel) 7i. [Fr.] A young lady. In popula.r us:c,a. 
lady of superior beauty, and much admired. 

BELL'El), a. Hung with bells. 

* EELLES-LET-TRES, (bel'let-ter) n. pH. anglicized 
bell letters. [Fr.] Polite literature ; a word of very vague 
signification. It includes poetry and orr.tc-y ; but authors 



See SifRopsis. MOVE, BOQK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE 5— €asK ; Gas J j SasZ ^CHasSH- THasintto 
6 



^OltaoLeU. 



BEL 



82 



BEN 



are not agreed to what particular branches of learning the 
term should be restricted. 

BELL'1-BONE, n. [Fr. belle and ionne.'] A woman excel- 
ling both in beauty and goodness. 

1 BEL-LI6'EIl-ATE, v. i. To make war. Cockeram. 

BEL-LI6'ER-ENT, a. [L. belliger, belligero.'] Waging 
war ; carrying on war. 

BEL-LI6'ER-ENT, n. A nation, power or state carrying 
on war. 

f BEL-LIG'EROUS, a. The same, ^s belligerent. 

BELL'ING, n. [Sax. bellan.'] 1. The noise of a roe in rutting 
time. 2. a. Growing or forming like a bell ; growing full 

, and ripe 5 used of hops ; from bell. 

BEL-LIP'O-TENT, a. [L. bellipotens.] Powerful or mighty 
in war. {Little used.\ 

t BEL'Ll-TUDE, n. [L. bellitudo.] Beauty. Cockeram. 

t BEL-LiaUE', (bel-leek') a. [Old Fr.] Warlike. 

BELi'LON, 71. A disease, attended with languor and intol- 
erable griping of the b-^wels. 

BEL-LoNA, 71. The goddess of war. 

BEL Low, V. i. [Sax. bellan.] 1. To make a hollow, 
loud noise, as a bull ; to make a loud outcry ; to roar. 
In contempt, to vociferatft or clamor. 2. To roar, as 
the sea in a tempest, or as the wind when violent ; to 
make_a loud, hollow, continued somid. 

BEL'LoW, n. A loud outcry ; roar. 

BEL'LoW-ING, ppr. Making a loud, hollow sound, as a 
bull, or as the roaring of billows. 

BEL'LoW-ING, n. A loud, hollow sound, or roar. 

*BEL'L6WS, n. sing, and plu, [Sax. bilig, or bylig ; Goth. 
balgs.] An instrument, utensil or machine for blowing 
fire. 

BEL'LoWS-FISH, n. The trumpet-fish. 

BEL'LU-INE, a. [L. belluinus.] Beastly ; pertaining to or 
like a beast ; brutal. [Little used.] 

BEL'LY, n. [Ir. bolg ; W. boly.] 1. That part of the human 
body which extends from the breast to the thighs, con- 
taining the bowels. 2 The part of a beast corresponding 
to the human belly. 3. The womb. Jer. i. 5. 4. The 
receptacle of food ; that which requires food. 5. The part 
of any thing which resembles the human belly in protu- 
berance or cavity, as of a harp or a bottle. 6. Any hollow, 
inclosed place. 

BEL'LY, 7;. t. To fill ; to swell out. Shak. 

BEL'LY, V. i. 1. To swell and become protuberant, like the 
belly. 2. To strut. 

BEL'LY-a€HE, 71. Pain in the bowels 5 the colic. [ Vul- 

BEL'LY-a€HE BIJSH or WEED, n. A species of jatro- 

pha, 
BEL'LY-BAND, n. A band that encompasses the belly of a 

horse, and fastens the saddle ; a girth. 
BEL'LY -BOUND, a. Diseased in the belly ; costive, 
t BEL'LY-CHEER, n. Good cheer. Chaucer. 
BEL'LY-FRET-TING, n. The chafing of a horse ^s belly 

with a fore girt. 2. A violent pain in a horse's belly, 

caused by wonns. 
BEL'LY-FUL, n. As much as fills the belly, or satisfies the 

appetite. 
BEL'LY-GOD, n. A glutton ; one who makes a god of his 

belly. 
BEL'LY-ING, fpr. Enlarging capacity ; swelling out, like 

the belly. 
BELLY-PINCHED, a. Starred ; pinched with hunger. 

Shak. 
BEL'LY-RoLL, n. A roller protuberant in the middle, to 

roll land between ridges, or in hollows. 
BEL'LY-SLAVE, n. A slave to the appetite. 
BEL'LY-TIM-BER, n. Food; that which supports the 

belly. Prior. [Vulgar.'] 
BEL'LY-WoRM, n. A worm that breeds in the belly or 

stomach. Johnson. 
BE-LOCK', V. t. [Sax. belman.] To lock, or fasten as with 

a lock. Shak. 
BEL'0-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. (SeXog and jjiavreia.] A kind of 

divination by aiTows, practiced by the ancient Scythians, 

Babylonians and other nations. 
BE-LoNE', 71. [Gr (SeXovrj.] The gar, garfish, or sea-needle, 

a species of esoz. 
BE-LONG', V. i. [D. belangen.] I. To be the property of. 

2. To be the concern or proper business of ; to appertain. 

3. To be appendant to. 4. To be a part of, or connected 
with, though detached in place. 5. To have relation to. 
6. To be the quality or attribute of. 7. To be suitable for. 
8. To relate to, or be referred to. 9. To have a legal 
residence, settlement, or inhabitancy. 10. To be the na- 
tive of; to have original residence.— 11. In common lan- 
guage, to have a settled residence ; to be domiciliated. 

BE-LONG'ING, ppr. Pertaining ; appertaining ; being the 
property of; being a quality of; being the concern of; 
being appendant to ; being a native of, or having a legal 
or permanent settlement in. 

I BE-LONG'ING, 71. A quality. Shak. 
BE-LOVE', V. t. To love. 



BE-L6V'ED, pp. [be and loved, from love. Belove, aa a 
verb, is not used.] Loved ; greatly loved ; dear to the 
heart. 

BE-LoW, prep. 1. Under in place -, beneath ; not so high 
2. Inferior in rank, excellence or dignity. 3. Unworthy 
of ; unbefitting. 

BE-LoW', adv. 1. In a lower place, with respect to any ob- 
ject. 2. On the earth, as opposed to the heavens. 3. In 
hell, or the region of the dead. 4. In a court of inferior 
jurisdiction. 

fBE-LOWT', V. t. To treat with contemptuous language. 

BEL'SWAG-GER, n. A lewd man. Drydon. 

BELT, n. [Sax. belt.] 1. A girdle ; a band, usually of leath- 
er, in which a sword or other weapon is hung. 2. A nar- 
row passage at the entrance of the Baltic. 3. A bandage 
or band used by surgeons for various purposes. — 4. In 
astronomy, certain girdles or nngs which surround the 
planet Jupiter are called belts. 5. A disease among 
sheep, cured by cutting off the tail, laying the sore bare, 
then casting mold on it, and applying tar and goose- 
grease. 

BELT, v. t. To encircle. Warton. 

BE-Ltl'GA, 71. A fish of the cetaceous order. 

BEL'VI-DERE, n. [L. bellus and video.] 1. A plant, a spe- 
cies c\f chenopodium, goosefoot or wild orach. — 2. In Italian 
architecture, a pavilion on the top of an edifice ; an arti- 
ficial eminence in a garden. 

BE-LYE. See Belie. 

fBE'MA, 7!. [Gr. /3?7|ua.] 1. A chancel. 2. In ancient Greece, 
a stage or kind of pulpit. 

jBE-MAD', V. t. To make mad. Shak. 

BE-MAN'GLE, v. t. To mangle ; to tear asunder. Beau- 
mont. [Little used.] 

BE-MaSK', v. t. To mask ; to conceal. Shelton. 

BE-MaZE', v. t. To bewilder. [Little used.] 

t BE-MeTE', 7;. t. To measure. Shak. 

BE-MIN'GLE, 7;. i. To mingle; to mix. [Little used.] 

BE-MIRE', v. t. To drag or incumber in the mire. 

t BE- MIST', 7'. t. To cover or involve in mist. 

BE-MoAN', V. t. To lament ; to bewail ; to express sorrow 
for. 

t BE-MoAN'A-BLE, a. That may be lamented, 

BE-MoANED, pp. Lamented ; bewailed. 

BE-]MoAN'ER, n. One who laments. 

BE-MoAN'ING, j3j5r. Lamenting; bewailing. 

BE-MO€K', V. t. To treat with mockery. [Lmle used.] 

BE-MOCK', V. i. To laugh at. 

jBE-MOIL', V. t. To bedraggle ; to bemire ; to soil or m- 
cumber with mire and dirt. Shak. 

BE-MoL', 71. In music, a half note. Bacon. 

t BE-MON'STER, v. t. To make monstrous. Shak. 

BE-MoURN', V. t. To weep or mourn over. [Little used.] 

BE-MUS'ED, (be-muzd') a. Overcome with musing ; dream- 
ing ; a word of contempt. Pope. 

t BEN. [Sax.] Used for are, been, and to be. 

BEN, or BEN'-NUT, n. A pmgative fruit or nut. 

BENCH, 71. [Sax. Je;ic.] 1. A long seat, usually of board or 
plank. 2. The seat where judges sit in court ; the seat 
of justice. 3. The persons who sit as judges ; the court. 
Driiden. 

BENCH, v.t. 1. To furnish with benches. 2. To seat on a 
bench. 3. v. i. To sit on a seat of justice. Shak. 

BENCH'ER, n. I. In England, the benchers, in the inns of 
court, are the senior members of the society who have the 
government of it, and have been readers. 2. The alder- 
ihan of a corporation. 3. A judge. Shak. 

BEND, V. t. ; pret. bended, or bent : pp. bended, or bent. [Sax- 
bevdan.] 1. To strain or to crook by straining. 2. To crook ; 
to make crooked ; to curve ; to inflect. 3. To direct to a 
certain point. 4. To exert ; to apply closely ; to exercise 
laboriously ; to intend or stretch. 5. To prepare or put 
in order for use ; to stretch or strain. 6. To incline ; to 
be determined ; that is, to stretch towards, or cause to 
tend. 7. To subdue ; to cause to yield ; to make sub- 
missive. — 8. In seamanship, to fasten, as one rope to 
another, or to an anchor ; to fasten, as a sail to its yard or 
stay ; to fasten, as a cable to the ring of an anchor. 
— 9. To bend the brow, is to knit the brow ; to scowl ; to 
frown. 

BEND, V. i. 1. To be crooked ; to crook, or be curbing. 

2. To incline ; to lean or turn. 3. To jut over. 4. To 
resolve, or determine. 5. To bow, or be submissive. 

BEND, n. 1. A curve ; a crook ; a turn in a road or river ; 
flexure ; incurvation. — 2. In marine language, that part 
of a rope which is fastened to another, or to an anchor. 

3. Bends of a ship are the thickest and strongest planks 
in her sides, more generally called wales. — 4. In herald- 
ry, one of the nine honorable ordinaries, containing a 
third part of the field, wherr charged, and a fifth, when 
plain. 

t BEND, 77. A band. Spenser. 
BEND'A-BLE, a. That maj be bent or incurvated. 
BEND'ED, or BENT, pp.' Strained ; incurvated ; made 
crooked ; inclined ; subdued. 



*See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tr, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;—HN, MARmE, BIRD ;- 



t Obsolete 



BEN 



a3 



BER 



BEND'ER, n. The person who bends, or makes crooked ; 
also, an instrument for bending other things. 

BEND'ING, ppr. Incurvating ; forming into a curve ; 
stooping ; subduing ; turning, as a road or river ; inclin- 
ing ; leaning 5 applying closely, as the mind ; fastening. 

BEND LET, «. In heraldry^ a little bend, which occupies 
a sixth part of a shield. Bailey. 

BEND'-WITH, n. A plant. Diet. 

BENDY, 71. In heraldry, the field divided into four, six or 
more parts, diagonally, and varying in metal and color. 

BEN E, n. The popular name of the sesamum orien- 
tale, called in the West Indies vangloe, an African 
plant. 

BE-NeAP'ED, (be-neept ) a. Among seamen, a ship is be- 
neaped, when the water does not flow high enough to 
float_her from a dock or over a bar. 

BE-NeATH', prep. [Sax. beneath.] 1. Under; lower in 
place, with something directly over or on. 2. Under, in 
a figurative sense; bearing heavy impositions, as taxes, 
or oppressive government. 3. Lower in rank, dignity or 
excellence. 4. Unworthy of ; unbecoming ; not equal to. 

BE-NeATH', adv. 1. In a lower place. jMortimer. 2. Be- 
low, as opposed to heaven, or to any superior region. 

t BEN'E-D1€T, a. [L. benedictus.] Having mild and salu- 
brious qualities. Bacon. 

BEN-E-DI€'TiNE, a. Pertaining to the order or monks of 
St. Benedict, or St. Benet. 

BEN-E-DI€'TiNES, n. An order of monks, who profess to 
follow the rules of St. Benedict. In the canon law, they 
are called black friars. 

BEN-E-Dl€'TION, n. [L. benedictio.] 1. The act of bless- 
ing ; a giving praise to God, or rendering thanks for his 
favors ; a blessing pronounced. 2. Blessing, prayer, or 
kind wishes, uttered in favor of any person or thing ; a 
solemn or affectionate invocation of happiness ; thanks ; 
expression of gratitude. 3. The advantage conferred by 
blessing. 4. The form of instituting an abbot, answering 
to the consecration of a bishop. 

t BEN-E-DI€'TIVE, a. Of power to draw down a blessing ; 
giving a blessing. Oauden. 

BEN-E-FAe'TION, n. [L. benefacio.] 1. The act of con- 
ferring a benefit. 2. A benefit conferred, especially a 
charitable donation. 

BEN-E-FA€'TOR, n. He who confers a benefit. 

BEN-E-FA€'TRESS, n. A female who confers a benefit. 

BEN'E-FlCE, a. [L. beneficium.] 1. Literally, a benefit, 
advantage or kindness. But, in present usage, an eccle- 
siastical living. 2. In the middle ages, benefice was used 
for a fee, or an estate in lands. 

BEN'E-FiCED, a. Possessed of a benefice or church prefer- 
ment. .Riiliffe. 

t BEN'E-FlCE-LESS, a. Having no benefice. 

BE-NEPI-CENCE, n. [L. bene fie entia.] The practice of 
doing good ; active goodness, kindness, or charity. 

BE-NEF'I-CENT, a. Doing good ; performing acts of kind- 
ness and charity. 

BE-NEF'I-CENT-LY, adv. In. a beneficent manner. 

BEN-E-Fl"CIAL, a. I. Advantageous ; conferring benefits ; 
useful ; profitable ; helpful ; contributing to a valuable 
end. 2. Receiving or entitled to have or receive advan- 
tage, use or benefit. 

tBEN-E-Fi"CIAL, 71. A benefice. Spenser. 

BEN-E-Fi"CIAL-LY, adv. Advantageously ; profitably •, 
helpfuUy. 

BEN-E-Fl"CIAL-NESS, n. Usefulness ; profitableness. 

BEN-E-Fi"CIA-RY, a. [L. beneficiarius.] Holding some 
oflice or valuable possession, in subordination to another. 

BEN-E-Fl"CIA-RY, n. 1. One who holds a benefice. 2. One 
who receives any thing as a gift, or is maintained by 
charity. 

BEN-E-Fi"CIEN-CY, 71. Kindness or favor bestowed. 

BEN-E-FI"CIENT, a. Doing good. Adam Smith. 

BEN'E-FIT, n. [L. beneficium ; Fr. bicnfait.] 1. An act of 
kindness ; a favor conferred. 2. Advantage ; profit -, a 
word of extensive use, and expressing whatever con- 
tributes to promote prosperity and happiness. — 3. In law, 
benefit of clergy. See Clergy. 

BEN'E-FiT, V. t. To do good to ; to advantage ; to advance 
in health or prosperity. 

BEN'E-FIT, V i. To gain advantage ; to make improve- 
ment. 

BEN'E-FIT-ED, pp. Profited ; having received benefit. 

BEN'E-FIT-ING, ppr. Doing good to ; profiting ; gaining 
advantage ._ 

t BE-Ne'GRoE, v. t. To make extremely dark. Hewvt. 

t BE-NeME', v. t. 1. To name. 2. To promise : to give. 

t BE-NEMP'NE, v. t. To name. Spenser. 

t BEN-E-PLAC'I-TURE, n. [L. bene_ 
choice. Olanville 

t BE-NET', V. t. To catch in a net ; to insnare. 

BE-NEV'O-LENCE, n. {!-,. henevolentia.] 1. The disposi- 
tion to do good •, good will ; kindness ; charitableness ; 
the love of mankind, accompanied with a desire to pro- 
mote tlieir happiness. 2. An act of kindness ; good 



beneplaci'tum.] Will ; 



done charity given. 3. A species of contribution or tax 
illegally exacted by arbitrary kings of England. 

BE-NEV'0-LENT, a. [L. benevolens.] Having a disposition 
to do good ; possessing love to mankind, and a desire to 
promote their prosperity and happiness : kind. 

t BE-NEV'O-LENT-NESS, n. Benevolence. 

t BE-NEV'0-LOUS, a. Kind, friendly. Puller. 

BE-NEV'0-LENT-LY, adv. In a kind manner ; with good 
wiU. 

BEN-GAL', n. A thin stuff, made of silk and hair, for 
women's apparel, so called from Bengal. 

BEN-GA-LEE , n. The language or dialect spoken in Ben- 
gal. 

BEN-GA-I.eSE', n. sing, and plu A native, or the natives 
of Bengal. j3s. Res. vii. 171. 

BE-NlGHT', V. t. 1. To mvolve in darkness •, to shroud 
with the shades of night. 2. To overtake with night 
3. To involve in moral darkness, or ignorance ; to debar 
from intellectual light. 

BE-NlGHT'ED, pp. Involved in darkness, physical or 
moral ; overtaken by the night. 

BE-NiGN', (be-nlne') a. [L. henignus.] 1. Kind ; of a kind 
dispositioa ; gracious ; favorable. 2. Generous ; liberal 
3. Favorable ; having a salutary influence. 4. Whole- 
some ; not pernicious. 5, Favorable •, not malignant. 

BE-NIG'NANT, a. Kind ; gracious ; favorable. 

BE-NIG'NI-TY, n. 1. Goodness of disposition or heart; 
kindness of nature ; graciousness. 2. Actual goodness ; 
beneficence. 3. Salubrity ; wholesome quality ; or that 
which tends to promote health. Wiseman. 

BE-NiGN'LY, (be-nlne'ly) adv. Favorably ; kindly ; gra- 
ciously. 

BEN'I-SON, (ben'-e-zn) n. [Fr. benir, benissant.] Blessing 
benediction. \_J^rearly antiquated.'] 

BEN'JA-MIN, n. 1. A tree, the laurus benzoin, called also 
spice-bush. 2. A gum or resin, or rather a balsam. See 
Benzoin. 

BEN'NET, n. The herb bennet, or avens, known in botany 
bv the generic term geum. 

BEN'NET-FISH, n. A fish of two feet in length. 

BENT, pp. of bend. Incurvated ; inflected ; inclined ; prone 
to, or having a fixed propensity ; determined. — Bent on, 
having a fixed inclination. 

BENT, n. 1. The state of being curving, or crooked ; flexure ; 
curvity. 2. Declivity; as, the Jerif of a hiU. [Unusual.] 
Dryden. 3. Inclination ; disposition ; a leaning or bias 
of mind; propensity. 4. Flexion; tendency; particular 
direction. 5. Application of the mind. 

BENT, I n. A kind of grass, called, in botany, 

BENT'-GRASS, i agrostis. 

BENT'ING-TIME, n. The time when pigeons feed on 
bents, before peas are ripe. 

BE-NUM', corruptly BE-NUMB', v. t. [Sax. beniman, beny- 
man ; pp. bemiryien.] 1. To make torpid ; to deprive of 
sensation. 2. To stupify ; to render inactive. 

BE-NUM'MED, (be-numd') pp. Rendered torpid ; deprived 
of sensation ; stupified. 

EE-NUM'MED-NESS, n. The state of being benummed 
Smith. 

BE-NUM'MING, ppr. Depriving of sensation ; stupifying, 

BEN'ZO-ATE, n. A salt formed by the union of the ben- 
zoic a^id with any salifiable base. 

BEN-Zo'IC, a. Pertaining to benzoin. — Benzoic acid, or 
finwers of benzoin, is a peculiar vegetable acid, obtained 
from benzoin and other balsams, by sublimation or de- 
coction. 

BEN-ZOIN', or BEN'JA-MIN, n. Gum benjamin ; a con- 
crete resinous juice, flowing from the styrax benzoin, a 
tree of Sumatra, &c. 

BE-PaINT', v. t. To paint ; to cover with paint. Shak. 
[Little used.] 

t BE-PaLP', v. t. To make pale. Carew. 

BE-PINCH', V. t. To mark with pinches. 

BE-PINCHT'^' I 'P^- ^'^^^^^^ ^^**^ pinches. Chapman. 
BE-POW'DER, 11. t. To powder ; to sprinkle or cover with 

powder. 
BE-PRaISE', v. t. To praise greatly or extravagantly. 

Goldsmith. 
BE-PUR'PLE, ■y. t. To tinge or dye with a purple color. 
BE-aUEATH', V. t. [Sax. becwasthan.] To give or leave by 

will ; to devise some species of property by testament. 
BE-QUeATH'ED, (be-kweethd') pp. Given or left by wUl 
BE-aUEATH'ER,n. A testator. Huloet. 
BE-QUeATH ING, -ppr. Giving or devising by testament 
BE-aUEATH'MENT, n. The act of bequeathing ; a be 

quest. 
BE-QUEST', n. Something left by will ; a legacy. 
t BE-RaTN', v. t. To rain upon. Chaucer. 
BE-RaTE', v.t. To chide vehemently ; to scold. 
BE-RAT'TLE, v.t. To fill with rattling sounds or noiie 

Shak. t 

t BE-RaY , V. t. To make foul ; to soil. Milton. 
BERBER-RY. n. fL. berberis.] See Barberry. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE , BOOK D6VE ;~BULL, UNITE — € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH 5 TH as in this, f OhsoUte 



BES 



84 



BES 



BSSE, n The name of a species of barley in Scotland. 
07-aij. 

D£-ReAVE', v. t. pret. bereaved^ lereft ,• pp. bereaved, be- 
reft. [Sax. bereajian.] 1. To deprive; to strip ; to make 
destitute ; with of before the tiling taken away. 2. To 
takeaway from. Shale. 

BE ReAV'ED, (be-reevd ) pp. Deprived ; stripped, and left 
destitute. 

BE-ReAVE'MENT, n. Deprivation, particularly by the loss 
of ajriend by death 

BE-ReAV'1NG, ppr. Stripping bare ; depriving. 

BE-REFT', pp. of bereave. Deprived ; made destitute. 

BER-EN-GaRI-AN-ISM, n. The doctrines of Berengarius, 

fBERG, n [Sax. beorg.] A borough; a town that sends 
burgesses to parliament ; a castle. [See Burg.] .Ssh. 

3ERG'A-MOT, 7i. [Fr. bergamotte.] 1. A species of pear. 
2. A species of citron. 3. An essence or perfume from 
the citron. 4. A species of snuff perfumed with berga- 
mot 5. A coarse tapestry. 

BERG'AN-DER, n. A burrow duck ; a duck that breeds in 
holes under cliffs. 

t BER'GE-RET, n. [Fr. berger.] A song. Chaucer. 

BERG'MAN-lTE, n. A min-ral. 

BERG MAS-TER, n. [Sax. bsorg, and master.'] The bai- 
liff or chief officer among the Derbyshire miners. 

BERG'MOTE, n. [Sax. beorg, and mote.] A court held 
on a hill in Derbyshire, in England, for deciding contro- 
versies between the miners. 

BE-RH yME', v. t. To mention in rhyme or verse ; used in 
contempt. Shak. 

* BERLIN, n. A vehicle of the chariot kind. 

BER-LUC'CIO, n. A small bird, somewhat like the yellow- 
hammer, but less, and more slender. 

BERME, 11. In fortification, a space of ground of three, 
four, or five feet in width, left between the rampart and 
tlie moat or foss. 

BER'NA-€LE. See Barnacle. 

BER'NAR-DlNE, a. Pertaining to St. Bernard, and the 
monks of the order. 

BER'NAR-DINES, n. An order of monks, founded by Rob- 
ert, abbot of Moleme, and reformed by St. Bernard. 

t BE-ROB', v t. To rob. Spenser. 

BE-RoE', 71. A marine animal of an oval form. 

BERRIED, a. Furnished with berries. 

BERRY, M. [Sax. beria.] 1. A succulent or pulpy frait, 
containing naked seeds, including many varieties. 2. A 
mound, [for barrow.] 

BER'RY, V. i. To bear or produce berries. 

BERRY- BE aR-ING, a. Producing berries. 

BERT, [Sax. beorht, berht ; Eng. bright.] This word en- 
ters into the names of many Saxon princes and noblemen ; 
as Egbert, Sigbert. See Bright. 

BERTH, n. 1. A station in which a ship rides at anchor, 
comprehending the space in which she ranges. 2. A 
room or apartment in a ship, where a number of officers 
or men mess and reside. 3. The box or place for sleep- 
ing, at the sides of a cabin ; the place for a hammoc, or a 
repository for chests, &c. 

BER'TRAM, n. Bastard pellitory, a plant. 

BER'YL, n. [L. beryUus.l A mineral, considered by Cleave- 
land as a sub-species of emerald. 

BER'YL-€RYS'TAL, n. A species of imperfect crystal. 

BER'YL-LINE, a. Like a beryl ; of a light or bluish green. 

t BE-SaINT', v. t. To make a saint. 

JBE-SAYLE', n. [Norm, ayle ; Fr. a'ieul.] A great grand- 
father. 

/BE-S€AT'TER, v. t. To scatter over. Spenser. 

t BE-S€ORN', v.t.To treat with scorn ; to mock at. Chaucer. 

\ BE-S€RATCH', v. t. To scratch ; to tear with the nails. 
Chaucer. 

BE-S€RAWL', v. t. To scrawl ; to scribble over. 

BE-S€REEN', v. t. To cover with a screen ; to shelter ; to 
conceal. Shak. 

BE-S€REENED, (be-screend') pp. Covered ; sheltered ; 

BE-f^CRfB'BLE, v. t. To scribble over. Milton. 
+ BE-SerTM'BER, v. t. To encumber. B. Jonson. 
t BE-SEE', v. i. To look ; to mind. Wickliffe. 
BE-SEECH', V. t. pret. and pp. besought. [Sax. be and 

secan.] To intreat ; to supplicate ; to implore •, to ask 

or pray with urgency. 
BE-SEECH', n. Request. 
BE-SEECH'ER, v. One who beseeches. 
BE-SEECH'ING, ppr. Entreating, 
t BE-SEEK', V. t. To beseech. Chaucer. 
BE-SEEMi, V. t. To become ; to be fit for, or worthy of; to 

be decent for. 
BE-SEEM'ING, ppr. or a. Becoming ; fit ; worthy of. 
BE-SEEM'ING, n. Comeliness. Barret. 
BE-SEEM'LY, a. Becoming ; fit ; suitable, 
t BE-SEEN', a. Adapted ; adjusted. Spenser. 
BE-SET', v. t. pret. and pp. beset. [Sax. besettan.] I. To 

surround ; to inclose ; to hem in ; to besiege. 2. To press 

on all sides, so as to perplex ; to entangle, so as to render 



escape ditlicult or impossible. 3. To waylay. 4. To fall 
upon. 

BE-SET'T'^^G, ppr. Surrounding ; besieging ; waylaying. 

BE-SET'TING, a. Habitually attending, or pressmg. 

t BE-SHTNE', V. t. To shine upon. 

BE-SHRE W, V. t. 1. To wish a curse to ; to execrate. ?. 
To happen ill to. {JSTot in use.] Shak. 

fBE-SHUT', V. t. To shut up. C/iaucer. 

BE-SlDE', prep. 1. At the side of a person or thing , neai. 
2. Over and above ; distinct from. 3. On one side ; out 
of the regular course or order ; not according to, but not 
contrary. 4. Out of; in a state deviating from. 5. With 
the reciprocal pronoun, beside one^s self is out of the wits 
or senses. 

BE-SIDE', or BE-SlDES', adv. Moreover ; more than that ; 
over and above ; distinct from ; not included in the num- 
ber, or in what has been mentioned. 

BE-SlD'ER-Y, 7i. A species of pear. Johnson. 

BE-SlDES', prep. Over and above; separate or distinct 
from^ 

BE-SIeGE', V. f. [be and siege ;Fi-. siege.] 1. To lay siege 
to ; to beleaguer ; to beset, or surround with armed forces, 
for the purpose of compelling to surrender, either by fam 
ine or by violent attacks. 2. To beset ; to throng round 

BE-SIeG'ED, (be-seejd') pp. Surrounded or beset with hos- 
tile ti'oops. 

BE-SIeG'£R, n. One who lays siege, or is employed in a 
siege. 

BE-S1eG'ING, ^;>r. Laying siege; surrounding with armed 
forces. 

BESIeG'ING, a. Surrounding in a hostile manner ; em« 
ployed in a siege. 

fBE-SIT', ?;. t. To suit; to become. Spenser. 

t BE-SLaVE', «. i. To subjugate ; to enslave. 

f BE-SLiME', V. t. To daub with slime; to soil. 

BE-SLUBBER, V. t. To soil or smear with spittle, or any 
thingjunning from the mouth or nose. [ Vulgar.] 

BE-SMeAR', v. t. To bedaub ; to overspread witli any 
viscous, glutinous matter, or with any soft substance that 
adheres. Hence, to foul ; to soil. 

BE-SMeAR'ED, (be-smeerd') pp. Bedaubed ; overspread 
with any thing soft, viscous, or adhesive ; soiled. 

BE-SMeAR'ER, n. One that besmears. 

BE-SMeAR'ING, ppr. Bedaubing ; soiling. 

BE-SMiRCH', V. t. To soil ; to foul ; to discolor. Shak. [Lit- 
tle used.] 

BE-SM6KE', V. t. To foul with smoke ; to harden or dry in 
smoke. [Little used.] 

BE-SMoK'ED, (be-smokf) pp. Fouled or soiled with 
smoke ; dried in smoke. 

BE-SMUT', V. t. To blacken with smut ; to foul with soot 

BE-SMUT'TED, pp. Blackened with smut or soot. 

BE-SNoW, V. t. To scatter like snow. [Little used.] 

BE-SNoW'ED, (be-snode') a. or pp. Covered or sprinkled 
with snow, or with white blossoms. Hanbury. 

BE-SNUFF', V. t. To befoul with snuff. 

BE-SNUF'-FED, (be-snuff) pp. Foul with snuff. Young. 

Be'SOM, n. [Sax. besm.] A broom ; a brush of twigs for 
sweeping. 

Besom, v. t. To sweep, as with a besom. Barlow. 

BE-SORT', V. t. To suit ; to fit ; to become. Shak. 

jBE-SORT', «. Company; attendance; train. Shak. 

BE-SOT', V. t. 1. To make sottish ; to infatuate ; tostupify , 
to make dull or senseless 2. To make to dote. 

BE-SOT'TED, pp. Made sottish or stupid.— Besotted on, in- 
fatuated with foolish affection. 

BE-SOT'TED-LY, adi). In a foolish manner. 

BE-SOT'TED-NESS, n. Stupidity ; arraut folly ; infatua- 
tion. 

BE-SOT'TING, ppr. Infatuating ; making sottish or foolish. 

BE-SOUGHT', (besawf) pp. of beseech. Entreated ; im- 
plored ; sought by entreaty. 

BE-SPAN'GLE, v. t. To adorn with spangles; to dot or 
sprinkle with something brilliant. 

BE-SPAN'GLED, pp. Adorned with spangles or something 
shining. 

BE-SPAN'GLING, ppr. Adorning with spangles or glitter- 
ing objects. 

BE-SPAT'TER, v. t. 1. To soil by spattering ; to sprinkle 
with water, or with dirt and water. 2. To asperse with 
calumny or reproach. Swift. 

BE-SPAT'TERED, pp. Spattered over ; soiled with dirt and 
water ; aspersed ; calumniated. 

BE-SPAT'TER-ING, ppr. Spattering with water; soiling 
with dirt and water ; aspersing. 

BE-SPAWL', V. t. To soil or make foul with spittle. Mil- 
ton. 

BE-SPeAK', V. t. pret. bespoke ; pp. bespoke, bespoken. 1. 
To speak for beforehand ; to order or engage against a fu- 
ture time. 2. To forebode ; to foretell. 3. To speak to ; 
to address. This sense is mostly poetical. 4 To beto- 
ken ; to show ; to indicate by external marks or appear- 
ances. 

BE-SPeAK'ER, 71. One who bespeaks. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, tj, Y, long.—FAR, F^LL, WH^T j— PREY ;— PIN, MARiNE, BiRD ; 



BES 



85 



BET 



BE-SPeAK'TNG, ppr. Speaking for or ordering beforehand ; 
foreboding ; addressing ; showing •, indicating. 

BFi-SPEAK'[NG, n. A previous speaking or discourse, by 
way of apology, or to engage favor. 

BE-SPE€'KLE, v. t. To mark with speckles or spots. 

BE-SPlCE', V. t. To season with spices. Shak. 

\ BE-SPiRT', or f BE-SPURT', v. t. To spurt out, or over ; 
to throw out in a stream or streams. 

BE-SPIT', V. t. pret. bespit ; pp. bespit, bespitten. To daub 
or soil with spittle. 

BE-SPoKE', pret. and pp. of bespeak. 

BE-SPOT', V. t. To mark with spots. Mortimer. 

BE-SPOT'TED, pp. Marked with spots. 

BE-SPOT'TING, ppr. Marking with spots. 

BE-SPREAD', (be-spred') v. t. pret. and pp. bespread. To 
spread over •, to cover over. 

fBE-SPRENT', part. Ber;prinlded. 

BE-SPRIN'KLE, v. t. To sprinkle over ; to scatter over ; 
as, to besprinkle with dust. 

BE-SPRIN'KLED, pp. Sprinkled over. 

BE-SPRIN KLER, n. One that sprinkles over. 

BE-SPRIN'KLING, ppr. Sprinkling over. 

t BE-SPUT TER, v. t. To sputter over. 

BEST, a. superlative. [Sax. 6est.] Lit eralhj, most advanced. 
Hence, 1. Most good ; having good qualities in the high- 
est degree. 2. Most advanced ; most accurate ; as, the 
best scholar. 3. Most correct or complete. 4. The best. 
This phrase is elliptical, and may be variously interpret- 
ed ; as, the utmost power ; the strongest endeavor ; the 
most, the highest perfection ; as, let a man do his best. 
5. At best, in the best manner ; in the utmost degree or 
extent. — To make the best of, to carry to its greatest per- 
fection. 

BEST, adv. 1. In the highest degree ; beyond all others ; as, 
to love one best. 2. To the most advantage ; with the 
most ease. 3, With most profit or success. 4. Most inti- 
mately or particularly ; most correctly. 

BEST-TEM'PERED, a. Having the most kind or mild tem- 
per. 

BE-STAIN', V. t. To mark with stains ; to discolor, either 
the whole surface of a thing, or in spots. 

BE-STEAD', (be-sted') v. t. pret. and pp. bested. 1. To 
profit. Milton. 2. To accommodate. 3. To dispose. 
Spenser. 

* BES'TIAL, a. 1. Belonging to a beast, or to the class of 
beasts. 2. Having the qualities of a beast •, brutal ; below 
the dignitv of reason or humanity ; carnal. 

BES-TIAL i-TY, n. 1. The quality of beasts. 2. Unnatural 
connection with a beast. 

BES'TIAL-rZE, v. t. To make like a beast. 

BES TIAL-LY, adv. Brutally ; in a manner below hu- 
manity. 

t BES'TIATE, V. t. To make like a beast 5 to bestialize. 

BE-STICK', v. t. pret. and pp. bestuck. To stick over, as 
with sharp points. 

BE-STiR', V. t. To put into brisk or vigorous action ; to 
move with life and vigor. 

BE-STiR'RED, (be-sturd') pp. Roused Into vigorous action ; 
quickened in action. 

BE-STiR'RING, ppr. Moving briskly ; putting into vigor- 
ous action. 

t BEST'NESS, n. The state of being best. Morton. 

t BE-STORM', V. i. To storm 5 to rage. Yoiing. 

BE-SToW, V. t. 1. To give ; to confer ; to impart. 2. To 
give in marriage ; to dispose of. 3. To apply ; to place 
for the purpose of exertion, or use. 4. To lay out, or dis- 
pose of 5 to give in payment for. 5. To lay up in store ; 
to deposit for safe-keeping ; to stow ; to place. 

BE-SToWAL, 71. A conferring ; disposal. [Little used.] 

BE-SToW'ED, (be-stode') pp. Given gratuitously ; confer- 
red ; laid out ; applied ; deposited for safe-keeping. 

BE-SToW'ER, 71. One who bestows ; a giver ; a dis- 
poser. 

BE-SToW'ING, ppr. Conferring gratuitously ; laying out ; 
applying ; deoositing in store. 

RE-SToW'MENT, n. 1, The act of giving gratuitously ; a 
conferring. Edwards. 2. That which is conferred, or 
piven ; donation. Thodey. 

BE-STRAD'DLE, v. t. To bestride. 

fBE-STR AUGHT', a. Distracted ; mad Shak. 

* BE-STREW, V. t. pret. bestrewed ; pp. bestrewed, be- 
strown. To scatter over ; to besprinkle : to strow. 

BE-STREW'ED, pp. of bestrew. 

BE-STRlDE', V. t. pret. bestrid ; pp. bestrid, bestridden. 1. 

To stride over ; to stand or sit with any thing b'-tween 

the legs, or with the legs extended across. 2. To step 

over. 
BE-STRID'TNG, jypr. Extending the legs over any thing, so 

as to include it between them. 
BE-STRoWN', pp. of bestrew. Sprinkled over. 
BE-STUCK', pp. ofbestick. Pierced in various places with 

sharp points. 
BE-STUD', V. t. To set with studs ; to adorn with bosses. 
BE-STUD'DED,^;;. Adorned with studs. 



BE-STUD'DING, ppr. Setting with studs ; adorning as 
with bosses. 

BE-SURE', adv. Certainly. Lothrop. \A vulgarism.'] 

t BE-SWIKE', (be-swik') V. t. [Sax. ieswican.] To allure 
Gower. 

BET, n. [Sax. bad.] A wager ; that which is laid, staked 
or pledged in a contest. 

BET, V. t. To lay a bet ; to lay a wager. 

BET, the old participle of beat, is obsolete or vulgar. 

BE-TaKE', v.t. pret. betook j pp. betaken. [Sax. betcecan.] 
1. To take to ; to have recourse to j to apply ; to resort ; 
with the reciprocal pronoun. 2. Formerly, to take or 
seize. [Obs.] Spenser. 

BE-TaK'EN, part, of betake. 

BE-TAK'lNG,ppr. Having recourse to ; applying ; resorting 

tBE-TAUGHT', jpre^ of betake. Chancer. 

t BE-TEEM', V. t. To bring forth ; to produce : to shed ; to 
bestow Shak. 

Be'TEL, or Be'TLE, n. A species of pepper, the leaves of 
which are chewed by the inhabitants of the East Indies. 

BE-THINK', v. t. pret. and pp. bethought. To call to mind 5 
to recall or bring to recollection, reflection, or considera- 
tion . 

BE-THINK', V. i. To have in recollection ;' to consider. 

BETH'LE-HEM, n. [Heb. the house of food or bread.] 1. A 
town in Judea, about six miles south-east of Jerusalem, 
famous for its being the place of Clirist's nativity. 2. A 
hospital for lunatics ; corrupted into bedlam. 

BETH'LEM-lTE, n. 1. An inhabitant of Bethlehem ; a lu- 
natic— 2. In church history, the Bethlemites were a sort 
of monks. 

BE-THOUGHT', (be-thawf) pret. and pp. of bethink. 

BE-THRALL', v. t. To enslave ; to reduce to bondage ; t© 
bring iiito subjection. [Little used.] 

BE-THUMP', V. t. To beat soundly. [Little used.] 

BE-TlDE', V. t. pret. betid, or betided ; pp. betid, [be and 
tide J Sax. tidan.] To happen •, to befall ; to come to. 

BE-TlDE', V. i. To come to pass ; to happen. 

BE-TjME', ) adv. [be and time, that is, by the time.] 1. 

BE-TiMES', \ Seasonably ; in good season or time ; be- 
fore it is late^ 2. Soon ; in a short time. 

BE'TLE, or Be'TRE, n. A plant, called water-pepper. See 
Betel. 

BE-To'KEN, ^be-to'kn) v. t. [Sax. betcecan.] 1. To signify 
by some visible object ; to show by signs. 2. To foreshow 
by pjesent signs. 

BE-To'KENED, 2?;7. Foreshown ; previously indicated. 

BE-To'KEN-ING , ppr. Indicating by previous signs. 

BET'O-NY, 71. [li. betonica.] A genus of plants, of several 
species. 

BE-TOOK', pret. of betake. 

BE-t6rN', a. Torn in pieces. 

BE-TOSS', V. t. To toss ; to agitate ; to disturb ; to put in 
violent motion. Shak. 

f BE-TRAP', v. t. To entrap ; to ensnare. Occleve. 

JbE-TRaY', v. t. [Betray seems to be a compound of 6e and 
dragan, to draw.] 1. To deliver into the hands of an en- 
emy by treachery or fraud. 2. To violate by fraud or 
unfaithfulne'^s. 3. To violate confidence by disclosing a 
secret. 4. To disclose, or permit to appear, what is in- 
tended to be kept secret, or what prudence would con- 
ceal. 5. To mislead or expose to inconvenience net fore- 
seen. G. To show ; to discover ; to indicate what is not 
obvious at first view, or would otherwise be concealed. 
7. To fail, or deceive. 

BE-TRaY'ED, (be-trade') pp. Delivered up in breach of 
trust; violated by unfaithfulness ; exposed by breach of 
confidence ; disclosed contrary to expectation or inten- 
tion ; made knovi^n ; discovered. 

BE-TRaY'ER, n. One who betrays ; a traitor. 

BE-TRaY'ING, ppr. Delivering up treacherously ; violat- 
ing confidence ; disclosing contrary to iritention ; expos- 
ing ; discovering. 

BE-TRIM', v. t. To deck ; to dress ; to adorn ; to grace ; to 
embellish ; to beautify ; to decorate. 

BE-TRIM'MED, (be-trimd ) pp. Adorned ; decorated. 

BE-TRIM'MING, ppr. Decking; adorning; embellishing. 

BE-TROTH', v.t. 1. To contract to any one, in order to a 
future marriage ; to promise or pledge one to be the future 
spouse of another ; to affiance. 2. To contract with one 
for a future spouse ; to espouse. 3. To nominate to a bislj- 
opric, in order to consecration. 

BE-TROTH'ED, (be-trothf) pp. Contracted for future mar- 
riage. 

BE-TROTH'ING, ppr. Contracting to any one, in order to a 
future marriage, as the father or guardian ; contracting 
with one for a future wife, as the intended husband ; 
espousing. 

BE-TIIOTH'MENT, n. A mutual promise or contract be- 
tween two parties, for a future marriage between the per 
sons betrothed ; espousals. 

BE-TRUST', v. t. To intrust ; to commit to another in con 
fidence of fidelity ; to confide. 

BE-TRUST'EDjPjP. Intrusted; confided ; committed in trust . 



■■ Sfif Synovsis M<^VE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE ~€ as K ; (^ d« J : f« as Z ; CH as SH ; THas in this t Obsolete 



BEW 



86 



BIA 



BE-TRUST'INGjppr. Intrusting • committing in trust. 

BE-TRUST'MENT, n. The act of intmsting •, the thing in- 
trusted, 

BET'SO, 71. The smallest Venetian coin. Mason. 

fBETT, adv. [Sax. bet.] Tlie old English word for better. 
Chaucer. 

BET'TER, a. comp. [Sax. het, more, better ; beterc, betera, 
better.] 1. Having good qualities in a greater degree 
than another : applied to physical, acquired or moral 
qualities. 2. More advantageous. 3. More acceptable. 
4. More safe. 5. Improved in health ; less affected with 
disease. — 6. To be better off, to be in a better condition. — 
7. To have the better, is to have tlie advantage or superi- 
ority. — 8. To get or gain the better, is to obtoin the ad- 
vantage, superiority or victory. — 9. For the better, is for 
the advantage or irsiprovement. 

BET'TER, adv. 1. In a more excellent manner •, with more 
skill and wisdom, virtue, advantage or success. 2. More 
correctly, or fully. 3. With superior excellence. 4. Vv^ith 
more affection ; in a higher degree. 

BET'TER, V. t. [Sax. beterian, betrian.] I. To improve ; 
to meliorate ; to increase the good qualities of. 2. To 
surpass ; to exceed. 3. To advance ; to support ; to give 
advantage to. 

BETTER, n. A superior ; one who has a claim to prece- 
dence on account of his rank, age, or office. 

BETTERED, pp. Improved ; meliorated ; made better. 

BET'TER-ING, ppr. Making better ; improving. 

BET'TER-ING-HOUSE, n. A house for the reformation of 
offenders. 

BET'TER-MENT, n. Improvement. TV. Montague. 

BET'TER-NESS, n. Superiority. Tooker. 

BET'TING, n. Proposing a wager. Sherwood. 

BET'TOR, n. One who bets or lays a wager. 

BET'TY, n. An instrument to break open doors. 

BE-TUM BLED, a. Rolled about ; tumbled ; disordered. 

BE-TWAT'TLED, a. Confounded ; overpowered ; stupe- 
fied. 

BE-TWEEN', prep. [Sax. betweonan, beticynan.] 1. In the 
intermediate space, without regard to distance. 2. From 
one to another ; passing from one to another, noting ex- 
change of actions or intercourse. 3. Belonging to two or 
more, in common or partnership. 4. Having mutual re- 
lation to two or more. 5. Noting difference, or discrimina- 
tion of one from another. 

BE-TWIXT', prep. [Sax. betwyx, betwyxt.} 1. Between •, 
in the space that separates two persons or things. 2. 
Passing between ; from one to another, noting inter- 
course. 

BEVEL, n. [Fr. Miveau.'] 1. Among masons, carpenters, 
joiners. Sec, an instrument, or kind of square, one leg of 
which is frequently crooked, according to the sweep of an 
arcli or vault. It is movable on a point or centre, and so 
may be set to any angle. An angle that is not square 
is called a bevel angle, whether obtuse or acute. 2. A 
curve, or inclination of a surface from a right line. 

BEV'EL, a. Crooked ; awry ; oblique. Bailey. 

BEVEL, V. t. To cut to a bevel angle. Mozon. 

BEVEL, v.i. To curve ; to incline towards a point, or from 
a direct line. 

BEVELED, pp. Formed to a bevel angle. Kirioan. 

BEVEL-ING, ppr. Forming to a bevel angle. 

BEVEL-ING, a. Curving ; bending from a right line. 

BEVEL-ING, n. 1. A hewing of timber with a proper and 
regular curve, according to a mold laid on one side of its 
surface. 2. The curve or bevel of timber. 

BEVEL-MENT, n. In mineralop-y, bevelment supposes the 
removal of two contiguous segments from the edges, an- 
gles or terminal faces of the predominant form, thereby 
producing two new faces, inclined to each other at a cer- 
tain angle, and forming an edge. Cleaveland. 

Be'VER. See Beaver. 

fBEVER, 71. [It. bevere.] A small repast between meals. 

JBEVER, V. i. To take a small repast between meals. 

BEVER-A6E, n. [It. beveraggio.] 1. Drink ; liquor for 
drinking. It is generally used of a mixed liquor. 2. A 
treat on wearing a new suit of clothes ; a treat on first 
coming into prison •, a garnish.— 3. In England, water- 
cider, a mixture of cider and water. 

BEVILE, 71. In heraldry, a thing broken or opening, like a 
carpenter's bevel. 

BEVY, 71. A flock of birds ; hence, a company ; an assem- 
bly or collection of persons ; usually applied to females. 

BE-WaIL , V. t. To bemoan ■, to lament ; to express sorrow 
for. 

BE-WaIL', V. i. To express grief. Shak. 

BE-WaIL'A-BLE, a. That may be lamented. 

BE-WaILED, (be-wald') pp. Lamented; bemoaned. 

BE-WaIL ER, n. One who laments or bewails. Ward. 

BE-WaILING, ppr. Lamenting; bemoaning; expressing 
grief for. 

BE-WaILTNG, 7?. Lamentation. Raleigh. 

t BE-WaKE', V. t. To keep awake. Ooioer. 

BE-WaRE', v.i. [Sax. beicerian, beujuriav, gemarian.] Lit- 



erally, to restrain or guard one's self from. Hence, to re- 
gard with caution ; to avoid ; to take care. 

BE-WEEP', V. t. To weep over ; to bedew with tears. Shah. 
{Little used.'] 

BE- WEEP', V. i. To make lamentation. [Little used,] 

BE- WEPT', pp. Wept over ; bedewed with tears. ILittle 
used.] 

t BE-WET', v. t. To wet ; to moisten. 

BE-WHoRE', v. t. To corrupt with regard to chastity. 
Beaiuii. and Fletcher. To pronounce a whore. Shak. 

BE-WIL'DER, v.t. [Dan.forvilder, vilder ; D. verwilderen.] 
To lead into perplexity or confusion ; to lose in pathless 
places ; to perplex with mazes. 

BE-WIL'DERED, pp. Lost in mazes ; perplexed with dis- 
order, confusion, or intricacy. 

BE-WIL'DER-ING, ppr. Losing in a pathless place ; per- 
plexing with confusion or intricacy. 

t BE-WIN'TER, v. t. To make like winter. 

BE-WITCH', v. t. 1. To fascinate ; to gain an ascendancy 
over by charms or incantation. 2. To charm ; to fasci- 
nate ; to please to such a degree as to take away the pow- 
er of resistance. 3. To deceive and mislead by juggling 
tricks or imposture. 

BE-W[TCH'ED, (be-wichf) pp. Fascinated; charmed. 

BE-W^ITCH'ED-NESS, n. State of being bewitciied. Bp 
Oauden. 

BE-WITCH'ER, n. One that bewitches or fascinates. 

BE-WITCH'ER-Y, n. Fascination ; charm ; resistless pow 
er of any thing that pleases. 

BE-W^ITCH'FUL, a. Alluring ; fascinating. 

BE-WITCH'ING, ppr. Fascinating ; charming. 

BE-WITCH'ING, a. That has power to bewitch or las 
cinate ; that has power to control by the arts of pleasing 

BE-WITCH'ING-LY, adv. In a fascinating manner. 

BE-WITCH'MENT, 7!. Fascination ; power of charming 

t BE-W6N'DERED, a. Amazed. Fairfax. 

BE-WRAP', (be-rap') v. t. To wrap up. 

BE-WRaY', (be-ra') v. t. [Sax. wrecan, to tell ; awreon 
onwreon, to reveal.] To disclose perfidiously ; to betray 
to show or make visible. [T?iis word is nearly anti- 
quated.] 

BE-WRaY'ED, (be-rade') pp. Disclosed ; indicated ; be 
trayed ; exposed to view. 

BE-WRaY'ER, n. A divulger of secrets ; a discoverer. 

BE-WR A r'ING, ppr. Disclosing; making known or visi 
ble. 

t BE- WRECK', (be-rek') v.t. To ruin ; to destroy. 

t BE-WROUGHT', (be-rawf) a. Worked. Ben Jonson. 

BEY, (ba) 71. In the Turkish dnminions, a governor of a. 
town or particular district of country ; also, in some 
places, a prince ; the same as the Arabic beg. See Beg. 

BE-YOND', prep. [Sax. begeond, begeovdan.] I. On the 
further side of; on the side most distant, at any indefinite 
distance from that side. 2. Before ; at a place not yet 
reached. Pope. 3. Past; out of reach of; further than 
any given limit. 4. Above ; in a degree exceeding or 
surpassing ; proceeding to a greater degree. — To go be- 
yond is a phrase which expresses an excess in some action 
or scheme ; to exceed in ingenuity, in research, or in any 
thing else ; hence, in a bad sense, to deceive or circum- 
vent. 

BE-YOND', adv. At a distance ; yonder. Spenser. 

BEZ'AN, 71. A cotton cloth from Bengal, white or striped 

BE-ZANT', 7i. A gold coin of Byzantium. See Btzant 

BE-ZANT'LER, 7?. [from an^Zer.] The branch of a deer's 
horn, next above the brow antler. 

BEZ'EL, 7?,. [Sw. betzel, a rein.] The upper part of the coJ- 
let of a ring, which encompasses and fastens the stone. 

BE'ZoAR, 7(. [Pers.] T. An antidote ; a general name for 
certain animal substances supposed to be efiicacious in 
preventing the fatal effects of poison. Bezoar is a calca- 
rious concretion found in the stomach of certain ruminan 
animals. — 2. In a mare general sense, Rny substance form- 
ed, stratum upon stratum, in the stomach or intestines of 
animals. — Fossil-bezoar is a figured stone, formed, like the 
animal bezoar, with several coats round some extraneous 
body, which serves as a nucleus ; found chiefly in Sicily, 
in sand and clay pits. — Bezoar-mineral. An oxyd of anti- 
mony. 

BEZ-0-aR'D1C, a. Pertaining to or compounded of bezoar 

BEZ-O-AR'DIC, n. A medicine compounded with bezoar. 

BEZ-0-AR'TI-CAL, a. Having the qualities of an antidote 

BEZ'O-LA, 7^. A fish of the truttaceous kind. 

t BEZ'ZLE, V. t. To waste in riot. 

BHU-CHAMP'AC, n. A beautiful plant of India 

BI'A, n. In commerce, a small shell called a coivri', much 
valued in the East Indies. 

BT-AN'GU-LATE, ^ a. [L. bis and angulus.] Having 

Bl-AN'GU-LA-TED, > two angles or corners. [Little 

Bl-AN'GU-LOUS, > iised.] - 

BI-ARM'I-AN, a. Noting a race of Finns in Perme 

Bl'AS, 71. [Arm. bihays, or vies ; Fr. biais.] 1. A weight on 
the side of a bowl, which turns it from a straight line. 
9. A leaning of the mind ; inclination ; prepossession ; 



* See Synop^s. A, E, T, O, tJ, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— FiN, P.IARiNE, BiRD ; 



t Obsolete 



BID 



87 



BIG 



propensity towards an object. 3. That which causes the 
mind to lean or incline from a state of indifference to a 
particular object or course. 
Bl AS, V. t To incline to one side ; to warp ; to give a par- 
ticular direction to the mind •, to prejudice ; to prepos- 

tBi'AS-DRAW-ING, 71. Partiality. Shak. 

Bl'ASED, pp. Inclined from a right line ; warped ; preju- 
diced. 

Bi'AS-ING, ppr. Giving a bias, particular direction, or pro- 
pensity ; warping ; prejudicing. 

t BI' AS-NESS, n. Inclination to some side 

BIB, n. 1. A small piece of linen, or other cloth, worn by 
children over the breast. 2. A fish about a foot in length, 
the back of a light olive, the sides yellow, and the belly 
white. 

BIB, V. i [L. bibo.] To sip ; to tipple ; to drink frequently. 
JLittle used.] Locke. 

Bi-Ba€IOUS, a. [L. bibax.] Addicted to drinking ; dis- 
posed to imbibe. 

t Bi-BAC'I-TY, 71. The quality of drinking much. 

BIBBER, 11. A tippler ; a man given to drinking ; chiefly 
used in composition ; as, winebibber. 

BIB BLE-BAB'BLE, n. Idle talk ; prating to no purpose. 
Shak. [A low word, and not used ] 

BIB'T-O, n. A name of the wine fly, a small insect. 

BIBLE, n. [Gr. ^i(3\iov, j3i(3Xog, a book.] THE BOOK, by 
way of eminence ; the sacred volume, in which are con- 
tained the revelations of God. 

BIB LER, 71. A tipler ; a great drinker. 

BIBLI-€AL, a. Pertaining to tlie Bible. 

BIB-LI-OG'RA-PHER, n. [Gr. /3t/3Xof and ypa(pu).] One 
who composes or compiles the history of books ; one 
skilled in literary history ; a transcriber. 

BIB-LI-0-GRAPH'I€, / a. Pertaining to the history of 

BIB-LI-0-GRAPH'I-€AL, ^ books. 

BIB-LI-OG'RA-PHY, n. A history or description of books ; 
the perusal of books, and manuscripts, with notices of the 
different editions, the times when they were printed, and 
other infoiTOation tending to illustrate the history of liter- 
ature. 

BIB'LI-0-LITE, n. [Gr. ^i^Xiov and \tdos.] Bookstone. 

BIB-LI-OM'AN-CY, n. [Gr. ^i^Xos and ixavreta.] A kind 
of divination, performed by means of the Bible, consist- 
ing in selecting passages of Scripture at hazard, and 
drawing from them indications concerning things future. 
Southey. 

BIB-LI-o-Ma'NI-A, n. [Gr. (3i0\iov and ixavia.] Book-mad- 
ness ; a rage for possessing rare and curious books. 

BIB-LI-0-Ma'NI-A€, n. One who has a rage for books. 

BIB-LI-OP'0-L_S'x'. 7i. [Gr. j3i(i\iov and ttwXew.] A book- 
seller. 

BIB-LI-0-THe'-€AL, a. [L. bibliotheca.] Belonging to a 
library. 

BIB-LI-0TH'E-€A-RY, n. A librarian. Hall. 

BIB-LI-0-TIlEKE', n. A library. Bale. 

BIB'LIST, n. 1. With the Romanists, one who makes the 
Scriptures the sole rule of faith. 2. One who is conver- 
sant with the Bible. 

BI-BRA€'TE-ATE, a. Doubly bracteate. Eaton. 

BIB'Q-LOUS, a. [L. bibulus.] Spungy ; that has the quahty 
of imbibing fluids or moisture. 

Bl-€AP'SU-LAR, a. [L. bis and capsida.] In botany, hav- 
ing two capsules containing seeds, to eacli flower. 

Bi-€aR'BO-NATE, n. Supercarbonate ; a carbonate con- 
taining two primes of carbonic acid. 

Bl-€AU'DA, n. A fish of the sword-fish kind. 

BICE, or BISE, n. Among painters, a blue color. 

Bl-CIP'I-TAL, ) a. [L. biceps and caput.] Having two 

Bl-CIP'I-TOUS, ^ heads, Applied to the muscles, it signi- 
fies having two heads or origins ; and any such muscle i.« 
denominated biceps. 

BieiC'ER, V. i. [W. bicra ; Scot, bicker.] 1. To skirrr<ish ; 
to fight off and on. [But in this sense rarely u-':<:d.] 2. 
To quarrel ; to contend in words ; to scold ; to contend in 
petuiant altercation. 3. To move quickly •. co quiver; to 
be tremulous, like flame or water. Milton 

BI€K'ER-ER, n. One who bickers, or engages m a petty 
quaiTel. 

BI€K'ER-ING, ppr. Q,uaneling : contending : quivering. 

t BI€K'ER-MENT, 71. Contention. Spenser. 

BICK'ERN, n. An iron ending in a beak or point. 

Bl'CORN, 71. [L. bicornis.] A plant whose anthers have 
the appearance of two horns. 

Bl'CORN, \ -a ■ . ^ 

BI-€ORN'OUS \ °" J^^"^^iig two horns. Browne. 
Bl-€OR'PO-RAL, a. [L. bicorpor.] Having two bodies. 

BID, V. t. pret. bid, or bade ; pp. Ud, bidden. |Sax. biddan.] 
1. To ask ; to request ; to invite. 2. To command ; to 
order, or direct. 3. To offer ; to propose. 4. To pro- 
claim ; to make known by a public voice. [Ois.] Shak. 
5. To pronounce or declare. 6. To denounce, or threaten. 
7. To wish, or pray.— 7*0 bid beads, is to pray with beads, 



as the Catholics. — To bid fair, is to open or offer a good 
prospect ; to appear fair. 

BID, or BID'DEN, pp. of bid. Invited ; offered ; com- 
manded. 

BID, 71. An offer of a price ; a Tjoord much used at auctions. 

BID'ALE, n. In Eiigland, an invitation of friends to drink 
ale at some poor man's house, and there to contribute in 
charity. 

BID'DER, 71. One who offers a price. Burke. 

BID'DING, ppr. Inviting ; offering ; commanding. 

BID'DING, 71. Invitation ; command ; order ; a proclama- 
tion or notifying. Shak. 

BIDE, t;.i. [Sd^x. bidan.] 1. To dwell ; to mhabit. 2. To 
remain ; to continue, or be permanent, in a place or state 
[JVearly antiqiiated.] Shak. 

BIDE, V. t. To endure ; to suffer. Shak. 

BI'DENS, 71. A plant, bur marigold. Muhlenberg. 

Bl-DENT'AL, a. [Ju. bidens.] Having two teeth. 

BI-DET', 7t. [Fr.] A small horse. 

BiD'ING, ppr. Dwelling ; continuing ; remaining 

BiD'ING, 71, Residence ; habitation. Rowe. 

BID'ON, 77. A measure of liquids. 

Bl-EN'IN'I-AL, c. [lu. biennis.] 1. Continuing for two years ; 
or happening, or'" taking place, once in two years. 2. In 
botany, continuing for two years, and then perishing. 

BI-EN'NI-AL-LY, adv. Once in two years ; at the return 
of two years. 

BIeR, 7(. [Sax. beer.] A carriage or frame of wood for con- 
veying dead human bodies to the grave. 

BIeR'-BALK, 7i. Tlie church road for burials. [JVot used 
inAjnerica.] Homilies. 

BIeST'IJSGS, 71. plu. [Sax. bijst, or bijsting ; Ger, biest- 
milch.] The first mUk given by a cow after calving. 

Bi-Fa-RI-OUS, a. [L. bifarius.] Two-fold. In botany, 
pointing two ways. 

BT-Fa'RI-OUS-LY, adv. In a bifarious manner. 

BIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. Infer, biferus.] Bearing fruit twice a 
_year. 

Bl'FID, I a. [L. bifidus, Mfidatus.] In botany, two- 

BIF'I-DATE, \ cleft ; divided ; opening with a cleft. 

BIF'LO-ROUS, fl. [h.bisajiAfloreo.] Bearing two flowers. 
Marty n. 

Bl'FoLD, a. [L. 6is, and /oZtZ.] Two fold 5 double; of two 
kinds, degrees, &c. 

Bl'FORM, a. [L. biformis.] Having two forms, bodies, or 
shapes. 

Bl'FORMED, a. Compounded of two forms. 

Bl-FORM'I-TY, n. A double form. More. 

Bl'FUR-€ATE, )a. \Ia. bifurcus.] Forked; divided into 

BT'FUR-€A-TED, \ two branches. 

Bi-FUR-€a'TION, 71. A forking, or division into two 
branches. 

Bl-FUR'€OUS, a. Two-forked. Coles. 

BIG, a. 1. Bulky ; protuberant ; pregnant. 2. Great ; 
large. 3. Full ; fraught, and about to have vent, or be 
brought forth. 4. Distended ; full, as with grief or pas- 
sion. Shak. 5. Swelled ; tumid ; inflated, as with pride ; 
hence, haughty in air or mien, or indicating haughtiness ; 
proud. 6. Great in spirit ; lofty ; brave. 

BIG, n. A kind of barley. 

\B\G,v.t. \&d.-x. by^gan.] To build. 

I BIG'AM, 7i. A bigamist. Bp. Peacock. 

BIG'A-MIST, 71. One who has committed bigamy, or had 
two wives at once. 

BIG'A-MY, n. [L. bis, and Gr. yanoq.] The crime of having 
two wives at once, or a plurality of wives. 

BIG'BEL-LIED, a. Having a great belly ; advanced in 
pregnancy. 

BIG-BoN'ED, a. Having large bones. Herbert. 

BIG'eORNED, a. Having large grains. Dryden. 

BT-OEM'I-NATE, a. [L. bis and geminv^.l Twin-forked. 

BIG'GEL, n. A quadruped of the East Indies. 

BIG'GEN, V. i. To recover after l5'ing in. Brockett. 

BIG'GIN, 71. [Tr.beguin.] 1. A child's cap, or something 
worn about the head. 2. A building. 0&5. [Sax. 6?/^^a7!.] 
Shak. 

BIGHT, (bite) n. [D. bogt.] 1. A bend, or small bay be- 
tween two points of land. 2. The double part of a rope 
when folded, in distinction from the end ; that is, a round, 
bend, or coil, any where except at the ends. 3. The in- 
ward bent of a horse's chambrel, and the bent of the fore 
knees. 

BIG'LY, adv. In a tumid, swelling, blustering manner ; 
haughtily. 

BIG'NAMED, a. Having a great or famous name. 

BIG'NESS, 7i. Bulk ; size ; largeness ; dimensions. 

BIG'OT, 71. [Fr. bigot.] 1. A person who is obstinately and 
unreasonably wedded to a particular religious creed, opin- 
ion, practice, or ritual. 2. A Venetian liquid measure. 

BIG'OT, I a. Obstinately and blindly attached to some 

BIG'OT-ED, ( creed, opinion, practice, or ritual, 

BIG'OT-ED-LY, adv. In the manner of a bigot ; pertina- 
ciously. 

BIG'OT-RY, n. 1. Obstinate or blind attachment to a 



* See Synopsis. M5VE, BOQK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE — C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH • TH as in this, f ObsoleU 



BIL 



88 



BIN 



particular creed ; unreasonable zeal or waimth in favor of 
a party, sect, or opinion ; excessive prejudice. 2. The 
]iractice or tenet of a bigot. Pupe. 

-BTG'SOUND-ING, a. Having a pompous sound. 

BlG'SWoLN, a. Swelled to a large size ; turgid ; greatly 
swelled •, ready to burst, 

JBIG'-[JD-DERED, a. Having large udders, or udders 
swelled with milk. Pope, 

B7-HY-DR0G U-RET, n. A double bydroguret, or with two 
atoms of hydrogen. 

Bl-Ju'GOUS, a. [L lis a.n&. jugum.'] Having two pairs of 
leaflets. 

Bi-La'BI-ATE, a. [L. lis and lalium.'] Having two lips, as 
the corols of flowers. 

Ei-LAM EL-LATE, a. [L. bis and lamella.} Having the 
form of a flatted sphere, longitudinally bifid. 

BI'L/iND-ER, n. [D. bylandcr.] A small merchant vessel 
with two masts. It is a kind of hoy, manageable by four 
or five men and used chiefly in the canals of the Low 
Countries. 

Bl-LAT'ER-AL, a. [L. bis and latus.} Having two sides. 

BEL'BER-RY, n. The name of a shrub and its fruit ; a spe- 
cies o( vaccinium, or whortle-berry. 

BIL'BO, n. A rapier ; a sword ; so named, it is said, from 
Bilboa, in Spain, where the best are made. 

BIL'BoES, n. phi. On board of ships, long bars or bolts of 
iron, used to confine the feet of prisoners or offenders. 

BIL'BO-aUET, ?,. [Pr.] The toy called a cup and ball. 

BILD, V. t. ; pret. bilded, bill ; pp. bilded, bill. [G. bilden ; 
Dan. bilder.] To construct ; to erect ; to set up and finish. 
[This is tlie true orthography. See Build.] 

BILD'STEiN, n. Agalmatolite, or figure-stone. 

BILE, n. [L. bilis ; Fr. bile.'] A yellow, bitter liquor, sep- 
arated from the blood in the liver, collected in the pori 
biliarii, and gall bladder, and thence discharged by the 
common duct into the duodenum. 

BILE, 71. An inflamed tumor. [See Boil, the correct or- 
thography.] 

BlLE'DUCT, n. {bile, and L. ductus.] A vessel or canal to 
convey bile. Darwin. 

BILE'STONE, n. A concretion of viscid bile. 

BILGE, w. [a different orthography of &iiZg-e.] 1. The pro- 
tuberant part of a cask. 2. Tlie breadth of a ship's 
bottom. 

BILGE, V. i. To suffer a fracture in the bilge ; to spring a 
leak by a fracture in the bilge. 

BILGED, pp. or a. Having a fracture in the bilge. This 
participle is often used, as if the verb were transitive. 

BILGE'-FUMP, n. A burr-pump ; a pump to draw the 
bilge- water from a ship. 

B1L6E'-WA-TER, n. Water which enters a ship, and lies 
upon her bilge, or bottom. 

BIL'IA-RY", a. [1,. bills.] Belonging to the bile ; conveying 
the bile. 

BIL'INGS-GATE, n. [from a place of this name in London, 
frequented by low people, who use foul language.] Foul 
language ; ribaldry. 

Bl-LIN'GUOUS, a. [L. bis and lingua.] Having two 
tongues, or speaking two languages. 

BIL'IOUS, a. [li.bilinsus.] Pertaining to bile ; consisting or 
partakingof bile 5 caused by a redundancy, or bad state 
of the bile. 

Bl-LIT'ER-AL, a. [L. bis and litera.] Consisting of two 
tetters. 

BT-LlVE', adv. The same as belive. 

BILK, V. t. [Goth, bilaikan.] To frustrate or disappoint ; to 
deceive or defraud by non-fulfillment of engagement. 

BILK'ED, j>jj. Disappointed; deceived; defrauded. 

BILK'ING, ppr. Frustrating ; defrauding. 

BILL, n. [Sax. bile.] 1. The beak of a fowl. 2. An in- 
strument used by plumbers, basket-makere, and garden- 
ers, made in the form of a crescent, and fitted with a 
handle. 

BILL, n. [Sax. bil.] A pick-axe, or mattock ; a battle-axe. 

BILL, ?i. [Norm. ftiZZe.] 1. In Za?fl, a declaration, in writing, 
expressing some wrong or fault.— 2. In law, and in covi- 
rnerce, in England, an obligation or security given for 
money, but without forfeiture for non-payment. 3, A 
form or draft of a law, presented to a legislature, but not 
enacted. 4. An advertisement posted. 5. Any written 
paper, containing a statement of particulars, or amount of 
goods sold. 6. A bill of exchange is an order drawn on a 
person, requesting him to pay money to some person 
assigned by the drawer. 7. A bill of entry is a written 
account of goods entered at the custom house. 8. A bill 
of Lading is a written account of goods shipped by any 
person . 9. A bill of mortality is an account of the num- 
ber of deaths in a place, in a given time. 10. Bank-hill. 
[See Baxsk.] 11. A bill ef rights is a nummary of rights 
and privileges claimed by a peopiC. 12. A bill of di- 
vorce, in the Jewish law, was a writing <riven by the hus- 
b;uul to tlie wife, by which the marriage relation was 
dissolved. 

RILL, 0. i. To join bills, as doves ; to caress in fondness. 



BILL, v.t. To advertise oy a bill or public notice ; a cant 

word. L^Estrange. 

BlLIi'ARD, n. A bastard or imperfect capon ; also, a fish of 
the cod kind. .Ash. 

BILL^ET, n. [Fr. billet.] A small paper or note in writing, 
used for various purposes ; sometimes it is a short letter, 
addressed to some person ; sometimes a ticket directing 
soldiers at what house to lodge. 

BILL'ET, 7t. [Fi. billot.] A small stick of wood. 

BILL'ET, V. t. To direct a soldier by a ticket or note where 
to lodge ; to quarter, or place in lodgings. 

BILL E'T-D(JUX, (bil'le-doo) n. [Fr.] A love billet. 

BILLET-ING, ppr. Uuartering, as soldiers in private 
houses. 

BILL'IARD, (bil'yaid) a. Pertaining to the game of billiards. 

BILL'IARDS, (bib'yardz) n. phi. [Fr. billard.] A game 
played on a rectangular table, covered with a green cloth, 
with small ivory balls, which the players aim to drive into 
hazard-nets, or pockets, at the sides and corners of the 
tables, by impelling one ball against another, with maces 
or cues. 

BILL'iON, (bil'yun) n. [L. bis, and million.] A million of 
millions ; as many millions as there are units in a million. 

BIL'LoW, n. [Dan. biilge ; Sw. bblja.] A great wave or 
surge of the sea, occasioned usually by violent wind. 

BIL'LoW, V. i. To swell ; to rise and roll in large waves, 
or surges. Prior. 

BIL'LoW-BEAT-EN, a. Tossed by billows. 

BIL'LoW-ING, jjpr. Swelled into large waves or surges. 

BIL'LoW-Y, a. Swelling, or swelled into large waves ; 
wavy ; full of billows, or surges. 

t BIL'MAN, 71. He who uses a bill. 

Bl-LOB'ED, or Bl-Lo'BATE, a. [L. bis, and Gr. \o^os.'] 
Divided into two lobes, 

Bl-LO€'U-LAR, a. [L. bis and loculus.] Divided into two 
cells, or containing two cells internally. 

BIL'VA, 71. The Hindu name of a plant. 

Bi-Ma'NOUS, a. [L. bis and 7nanus.] Having two hands 
Ma.n is bimanous. Lawrence. 

BI-Me'DI-AL, a. [L. bis and medial.] 1. In mathematics 
if tvvo medial lines, A B and B C, commensurable only in 
power, and containing a rational rectangle, are com- 
pounded, the whole line A C will be irrational, and is 
called a first bimedial line, 2. Belonging to a quantity 
arising from a particular combination of two other quanti- 
ties. 

BIN, n. [Sax. binn, or binne.] A wooden box or chest, used 
as a repository of corn or other commodities, 

t BIN. The old word for be and been. 

BIN'A-€LE, 7). [Formerly, bittacle.] A wooden case, or 
box, in which the compass and lights are kept on board a 
ship, 

Bl'NA-RY, a. [L. binus.] Two ; dual. — Binary number ia 
that which is composed of two units. 

Bl'NA-RY, 7?. The constitution of two. Fotherby. 

Bl'NATE, a. [L. binus.] Being double, or in couples ; grow- 
ing in pairs. 

BIND, V. t. pret, bound ; pp, bound, and obs. bounden. 
[Sax. hindan.] 1. To tie together, or confine with a cord, 
or any thing that is flexible ; to fasten, as with a band, 
fillet, or ligature. 2. To gird, inwrap, or involve ; to 
confine by a wrapper, cover, or bandage. 3. To confine, 
or restrain, as with a chain, fetters, or cord. 4. To re- 
strain in any manner. 5. To oblige by a promise, vow, 
stipulation, covenant, law, duty, or any other moral tie ; 
to engage. 6. To confirm or ratify, 7. To distress, 
trouble, or confine by infirmity. 8. To constrain by a 
powerful influence or persuasion. 9. To restrain the nat 
ural discharges of the bowels ; to make costive. 10, To 
form a border ; to fasten with a band, ribin, or any thing 
that strengthens the edges, 11. To cover with leather, or 
any thing firm ; to sew together and cover. 12. To cover 
or secure by a band. 13. To oblige to serve, by contract 
lA. To make hard or firm, — To bind to, is to contract, — 
_To bind over, is to oblige by bond to appear at a court 

Bind, v.i. 1. To contract; to grow hard or stiflf. 2. To 
grow or become costive, 3. To be obligatory. 

BIND, 71. A stalk of hops, so called from its winding round 
a pole, or tree, or being bound to it. 

BINDER, n. 1. A person who binds ; one whose occupa- 
tion is to bind books ; one who binds sheaves. 2. Any 
_thing that binds, as a fillet, or band. 

BiND'ER-Y, n. A place where books are bound, 

BlND'lNG, ppr. Fastening with a band ; confining j re- 
straining ; covering or wrapping ; obliging by a promise 
or other moral tie ; making costive ; contracting; making 
hard or stiff. 

BIND'ING, a. That obliges ; obligatory. 

BIND'ING, 7!. The act of fastening with a band, or obliging ; 
a bandage ; the cover of a book, with the sewing and ac- 
companying work ; any thing that binds ; something that 
secures the edge of cloth. 

BIND'-WEED, n. A genus of plants, called convolvulus. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O. V, 1% lo7ig.—FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;,— PIN, MARINE, BiRD;— f Obsolete 



BIR 



BIS 



BING, n. In alum works, a heap of alum thrown together 

in order to drain. 
BIiN'0-€LE, /I. [L. binus and oculus.] A dioptric telescope, 

fitted with two tubes joining, so as to enable a person to 

view an object with both eyes at once. 
lJl-NO€'U-LAR, a. Having two eyes ; also, having two 

apertures, or tubes. 
Bl-iXoMI-AL, a. [L. bis and nnmen.] In aZo-cJra, a root 

consisting of two members, connected by the signpZits or 

minus. 
Bl-NOM'l-NOUS, a. [L. bis and nomen.] Having two 

names. 
Bl-NOT'O-NOUS, a. Consisting of two notes. 
Bl-OG'RA-PHER, n. One who writes an account or history 

of the life and actions of a particular person ; a writer of 

lives. 
Bl-O-GRAPH'ie, ) a. Pertaining to biography, or the 
BI-0-GRAPHI-€AL, \ history of the life of a person ; 

containing biography. 
Bl-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. (Siog and Yp(z<}ju).] The history of 

the life and character of a particular person. 
BI-0-Tl'NA, n. A Vesuvian mineral. 
BIOVA€, or BIHOVAC. See Bivouac. 
BIPA-ROUS, a. [L. bis and pario.] Bringing forth two at a 

birth. 
EI-PaRT'I-BLE, or BIP'AR-TILE, a. [L. bis aiidpartio.] 

That may be divided into two parts. 
Bl-PAR'TIENT, a. [L. bis and partio, partiens.] Dividing 

into two parts. 
BIP'AR-TITE, a. {li.bis axiApartitus.] 1. Having two cor- 
respondent parts. — 2. In botany, divided into two parts to 

the base, as a leaf. 
Br-PAR-Tl''TION, 71. The act of dividing into two parts, 

or of making two correspondent parts. 
BIPED, n. [L. bipes.} An animal having two feet, as man. 
BIP'E-DAL, a. Having two feet, or the length of two feet. 
Bl-PEN'NATE, a. [L. bis and penna.] 1. Having two 

wings. — 2. In botany, having pinnate leaves. 
Bl-PET'A-LOUS, a. [L. bis, and Gr. ireraXov.] Consisting 

of two flower leaves ; having two petals. 
BI-PIX'NA-Tf-FID, I a. [1.. bis, pinna, and findo.] DouWy- 
Bl-PEX'.V A-TI-FID, \ pinnatifid ; having pinnatifid leaves 

on each side of the petiole. 
Bl-QUAD'RATE, n. [L. bis and quadratus.'] In mathemat- 
ics, tlie fourth power, arising from the multiplication of a 
_square by itself. 
BT-aUAD-RAT'I€, n. The sam.e as biguadrate. 
Bi-QUAD-RAT'I€, a. Pertaining to the biquadratic, or 

fourth power. 
Bl-Q,b IN'TILE, n. [L. bis and quintus.] An aspect of the 

planets, when they are distant from each other, by twice 

the fifth part of a great circle. 
BI-Ra'DI-ATE, fa. [L. bis and radiatus.] Haviiig two 
Bi-Ra'DI-A-TED, \ rays. 
BiRCH, n [Sax. birce.] A genus of trees, the betula, of 

which there are several species. 

BiRCH 'en ["" Made of birch; cons'sting of birch. 

BiRCH WiNE, n. Wine made of the vernal juice of 
birch. 

BtRD, 71. [Sax. bird, or bridd, a chicken.] 1. Properly, a 
chicken, the young of fowls, and hence, a small fowl. 2. 
In modern use, any fowl, or flying animal. 

BiRD, V. t. To catch birds. Shak. 

Bird of paradise. A g"nus of birds, found in the Oriental 
isles, some of them remarkably beautiful. 

BtRD'BoLT, 71. An arrow for shooting birds. 

BiRD'-€A6E, 7). A box or case for keeping birds. 

BtRD'CALL, 71. A little stick, cleft at one end, in which is 
put a leaf of some plant, for imitating the cry of birds. 

BiRD'€ATCH-ER, n. One whose employment is to catch 
birds ; a fowler. 

BiRD'-CATCH-ING, n. The art of taking birds. 

BiRD'-CHER-RY, n. A tree, a species of prunus. 

BiRD'ER, 7). A bird catcher. 

BtRD'-E-YE, or BtRDS'-EYE, a. Seen from above, as if by 
a flving bird. Burke. 

BiRD'EYED, a. Of quick sight. 

BlRO'-FAN-CI-ER, n. One who delights in buds. 

BiRD'ING-PlECE, n. A fowling-piece. 

BtRD'-LIKE, a. Resembling a bird. 

BiRD'-LIME, 71. A viscous substance, used to catch birds. 

BiRD'-LIMED, a. Smeared with bird-lime ; spread to en- 
snare. Hoirell. 

BtRD'-MAN, V. A fowler, or bird-catcher. 

BiRTj'-PEP-PER, 7!. A species of Guinea-pepper. 

BlRDS'EYE, n. A genus of plants, called also pheasants- 
eve. 

BIRDS? FOOT, n. A plant, the orvithopus. 

BiRDJ?'FOOT-TRE-FOTL, v. A genus of plants. 

BiKDS'NEST, 7?, 1 The nest in which a bird lays eggs, 
and hatches her young. 2. A plant.— 3. In cookery, the 
nest of a small swallow, of China and the neighboring 
countries, delicately tasted, and esteemed a luxury. 



BiRDj-WIT-TED, a. Not having the faculty of attention 

BI-ReME', u. [L. biremis.] A vessel with two banks or lien 
of oars. Jilitford. 

BiRG'AN-DER, 7i. The name of a wild goose. 

Bl-RHOM-BOIDAL, a. Having a surface composed of 
tweive rhombic faces. 

I BiRK'EN, V. t. [from birch. Sax. birce, byre] To beat 
with a birch or rod. 

BI-ROS'TRATE, ) a. [L. bis and rostrum.] Having a 

Bl-ROS'TRA-TED, \ double beak, or process resembling 
a beak. 

BIRT, ft. A fish, called also turbot. 

BiRTH, 71. [Sax. byrd, beorth.] 1. The act of coming into 
life, or of being born. Except in poetry, it b! generally ap- 
plied to human beings. 2. Lineage ; extractir.n , de- 
scent. 3. Tlie condition in which a person is bom. 4 
That which is born •, that which is produced, whether 
animal or vegetable. 5. The act of bringing forth 6. 
Origin ; beginning. 

BiRTH, BERTH, n. A station in which a ship rides. See 
Berth. 

BiKTH'DAY, 71. 1. The day in which any person is bom 
2. The same day of the month in which a person was 
bom, in every succeeding year. 

fBiRTH'DOM, n. Privilege of birth. Shak. 

BiRTH'LNG, 77. Anything added to raise the sides of a 
sliip. 

BiRTH'NIGHT, 7!. The night in which a person is bom ; 
and the annivei-sary of that night in succeeding years. 

BiRTH'PLACE, 72. The town, city, or country, where a 
person is born. 

BiRTH'RiGHT, n. Any right or privilege, to which a per- 
son is entitled by birth. 

BiRTH'-SONG, ?i. A song sung ot the birth of a person. 

BiRTH'-STRAN-GLED, a. Strangled or suffocated in being 
born. Shak. 

BiRTH'WoRT, 71. A genus of plants, aristolochia. 

BI'SA, or BI'ZA, n. A coin of Pegu, of the value of half a 
ducat ; also, a weisht. 

BIS'€0-T1N, n. [Frr] A confection, made of flour, sugar, 
marmelade, and eggs. 

BIS'eUIT, (bis'kit) n. [Fr. ; compounded of L. bis, twice, 
and cj/tt, baked.] 1. A kind of bread, formed into cakes, 
and baked hard for seamen. 2. A cake, variously made, 
for the use of private families. 3. The body o an earth- 
en vessel, in distinction from the glazing. 

BI-SECT', V. t. [L. bis and seco. ] To cut or divide into 
two parts. 

BT-SECT'ED, pp. Divided into two equal parts. 

Bl-SECT'ING, ppr. Dividing into two equal parts. 

Bl-SE€'TION, n. The act of cutting into two equal parts ; 
the division of any line or quantity into two equal parts. 

Bl-SEG'MENT, n. One of the parts of a line divided into 
two equal parts. 

Bl-SEX'OUS, a. Consisting of both sexes. Brown. 

BISH'OP, 71. [L. episcopus ; Gr. ETntrKoirog ; Sax biscop.] 1. 
An overseer ; a spiritual superintendent, mler. or director. 

2. In the privative church, a spiritual overseer ; an elder 
or presbyter ; one who had the pastoral care of a church. 

3. In the Greek, Latin, and some Protestant churches, a 
prelate, or person consecrated for the spiritual government 
and direction of a diocese. 

BISH'OP, n. A cant word for a mixture of wuie, oranges, 
and sugar. Swift. 

BISH OP, V. t. 1. To confirm ; to admit solemnly into the 
church. 2. Among horse-dealers, to use arts to make an 
old horse look like a young one. 

BISHOP-LIKE, a. Resembling a bishop; belonging to a 
bishop. 

BISH'OP-LY, a Belonging to a bishop. 

BISH'OP-Rl€, n. [bishop and ric] 1. A diocese ; the dis- 
trict over which the jarisdiction of a bishop extends. 2. 
The charge of iastructhig and governing in spiritual con- 
cerns , office 

BISH'OPS-V\^EED, t;. A genus of plants, with the generic 
name ammi. 

BISH'OPS-WoRT, 77. A plant. 

BISK, 7). [Fr. bi.=:qxie.] Soup or broth, made by boiling seve 
ral sorts of flesh together. 

BISK'ET, 1?. A biscuit. This orthography is adopted b^ 
many respectable writers. 

BIS'MUTH, 7). [G. 7inssmuth.] A metal of a yellowisli, o 
reddish-white color, and a lamellar texture. 

BTg'MU-THAL, a. Consistinjr of bismuth, or containing it 

BIS MU-THTC, a. Pertaining to bismuth. 

BI'SON, 71. [L.] A quadruped of the bovine genus, usually, 
but improperly, called the buffalo. 

BIS-SEX'TiLE, n. [L. hissertilis.] Leap year, every fourth 
year, in which a day is added to the month of February 
on account of the excess of 6 hours, which the civU yeai 
contains above 365 days. 

BIS-SEXTiLE, a. Pertaining to the leap year 



♦ See {iinopsis MOVE, BQOK. D6VE ;— B1JLL,UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH a8 in this + Obsolete. 



BIT 



90 



BLA 



t BIS'SON, a. [Sax. lisen.] Blind. Shak. 

BIS'TER, n. [Fr. bistre.'\ Among painters, the burnt oil ex- 
tracted from tlie soot of wood ; a brown pigment. 

BISTORT, n. [L. Mstorta.] A plant, a species of polygo- 
num, or many-knotted or angled. 

BIS«TOU-RY, (bis'tu-ry) n. [Fr. Ustouri.] A surgical in- 
stiument for making incisions. 

3l-SUL€'OUS, a. [L. bisulcus.] Cloven-footed, as swine or 
oxen 

Bl-SUL'PHU-RET, n. In chemistry, a sulphuret with a 
double proportion of sulphur. Silliman. 

BIT, n. [Sax. bitoL] The iron part of a bridle which is in- 
serted m the mouth of a horse, and its appendages, to 
which the reins are fastened. 

BIT, v.t. To put a bridle upon a horse ; to put the bit in 
the mouth. 

BIT, pret. and pp. of bite. Seized or wounded by the teeth. 

BIT, n. [Sax. Mta.] 1. A small piece ; a mouthful, or 
morsel ; a bite. 2. A small piece of any substance. 3, A 
small coin of the West Indies. 4. The point of an auger, 
or other borer ; the bite. — This Avord is used, like jot and 
whit, to express the smallest degree ; as, he is not a bit 
wiser or better. 

BITCH, n. [Sax. bicca, bicce, bice.] 1. The female of the 
canine kind, as of the dog, wolf, and fox. 2. A name of 
reproach for a woman. Pope. 

BITE, V. t. pret. bit ; pp. bit, bitten. [Sax. bitan.] 1. To 
break or crush with the teeth, as in eating ; to pierce with 
the teeth, as a serpent ; to seize with the teeth, as a dog. 
2. To ;>inch or pain, as with cold. 3. To reproach with 
sarcasm ; to treat with severity by words or writing. 4. 
To pierce, cut, or wound. 5. To make to smart. 6. To 
cheat ; to trick. Pope. 7. To enter the ground, and hold 
fast, as the bill and palm of an anchor. 

BITE, n. 1. The seizure of any thing by the teeth of an an- 
imal. 2. The wound made by the teeth. 3, A morsel ; 
a mouthful. 4. A cheat; a trick; a fraud. [.£ loio word.] 
J.. A sharper ; one who cheats. 

BiT'ER, n. 1. One who bites ; that which bites ; a fish 
apt to take bait. 2. One who cheats or defrauds. 

BI-TERN'ATE, a. [L. bis and ternus.] In botany, doubly 
ternate. 

BlT'ING, ppr. Seizing, wounding, or crushing with the 
teeth ; pinching, paining, causing to smart with cold ; re- 
proaching with severity , or treating sarcastically ; cheat- 
ing. 

BlT'ING, a. Sharp ; severe ; sarcastic. 

BiT'ING-LY, adv. In a sarcastic or jeering manner. 

PIT'LESS, a. Not having a bit or bridle. Fanshaw. 

E^T'MOUTH, n. The bit, or that part of a bridle wlych is 
put in a horse's mouth. 

BIT'TA-€LE, n. The box for the compasses and lights on 
board a ship. See Binnacle. 

BTT'TEN, (bit'tn) pp. of bite. Seized or wounded by the 

BIT'Te'r, a. [Sax. biter.] 1. Sharp or biting to the taste ; 
acrid ; like wormwood. 2. Sharp ; cruel ; severe ; as, 
hitter enmity. Heb. i. 3. Sharp, as words ; reproachful ; 
sarcastic. 4. Sharp to the feeling ; pierchig ; painful ; 
that makes to smart. 5. Painful to the mind ; calami- 
tous ; poignant. 6. Afflicted ; distressed. 7. Hurtful ; 
very sinful. 8. Mournful ; distressing ; expressive of 
misery. 

BIT'TER, n. A substance that is bitter. See Bitters. 

BIT'TER, n. In marine language, a turn of the cable which 
is round the bitts. 

f BIT'TER-FUL, a. Full of bitterness. 

BIT'TER-GoURD, n. A plant, a species of cucumis. 

BIT'TER-ISH, a. Somewhat bitter ; bitter in a moderate 
degree. Goldsmith. 

BIT'TER-ISH-NESS, n. The quality of being moderately 
bitter. Encyc. 

BIT'TER-LY, adv. 1. With a bitter taste. 2. In a severe 
manner ; in a manner expressing poignant grief. 3. In a 
manner severely reproachful ; sharply ; severely ; an- 
grily. 

BIT'TERN, n. [D.butoor.] A fowl of the ^mHic order, the 
ard".a stellaris. It has long legs and neck, and stalks 
among reeJs and sedge, feeding upon fish. 

BIT'TERN, n. [from bitter.] In salt works, the brine re- 
maining after the salt is concreted. 

BIT'TER- NESS, n. 1. A bitter taste ; or rather a quality in 
things which excites a biting, disagreeable sensation in the 
tongue. 2. In a j^^wratitje sense, extreme enmity, grudge, 
hatred. 3. Sharpness ; severity of temper. 4. Keenness 
of reproach ; piquancy ; biting sarcasm. 5. Keen sor- 
row ; painful affliction ; vexation ; deep distress of 
mind. 

BIT'TERS, n. A liquor in which bitter herbs or roots are 
steeped. 

BIT'TER-SALT, n. Epsom salt. 

lUT'TER-SPAR, n. Rhombspar, a mineral. 

BlT'TER-SWEET, n. A species of solanum, a slender, 
climbing plant. Encye. 



BIT'TER-VETCH, n. 1. A species of ervuvi, or lentil, cul- 
tivated for fodder. 2 A genus of plants, known by the 
generic name orobus. 

BIT'TER- VV6RT, n. The plant called gentian. 

BIT'TOUR, or BIT'TOR, n. The bittern. Dryden. 

BITTS, n. plu. A frame of two strong pieces of timber fixed 
perpendicularly in the fore part of a ship, on which to fas- 
ten the cables, wnen she rides at anchor. 

BITT, V. t. To put round the bitts ; as, to bitt the cable. 

BI-TtfME', '«. Bitumen, so written for the sake of the 
rhj'^me. May. 

BI-TuM'ED, a. Smeared with pitch. Shak. 

*BIT'U-MEN, ) ?!, [L.] This name is used to denote va- 

* BI-Tu'MEN, \ rious inflammable substances, of a strong 
smell, and of different consistencies, which are found in 
theearth. 

BI-Tu'MI-NATE, v. t. To impregnate with bitumen. 

BI-Tu'MI-NA-TED, a. Impregnated with bitumen. 

BI-TU-MI-N_lF'ER-OUS, a. Producing bitumen. Kirwan. 

BI-Tu'MI-NiZE, V. t. To form into, or impregnate with 
bitumen. Lit. Mag. 

BI-Tu'MI-NOUS, a. Having the qualities of bitumen ; 
compounded with bitumen ; containing bitumen. 

Bi'VALVE, n. An animal having two valves, or a shell 
consisting of two parts, which open and shut. 

Bi'VALVE, BI-VALV'U-LAR, or Bl-VALV'OUS, a. Hav- 
ing two shells or valves which open and shut, as the oys- 
ter, and the seed cases of certain plants. 

Bl-VAULT'ED, a. [L. bis, and vault.] Having two vaults 
or arches. Barlow. 

Bl-VENT'RAL, a. [L. bis and venter.] Having two bellies. 
Bailey. 

BIV'I-OUS, a. [L. bivius.] Having two ways, or leading 
two ways. 

BIVOUAC, (biv'wak) n. [Fr.] The guard or watch of a 
whole army, as in cases of great danger of surprise or at- 
tack. 

BIVOUAC, (biv'wak) v. t. To watch, or be on guard, as a 
whole army. 

BIX'WoRT, n. A plant. 

BIZANTINE. See Byzantine. 

BLAB, tj. i. {W.llavaru.] 1. To utter or tell in a thought- 
less manner ; to publish secrets or trifles without discre- 
tion. 2. To tell or utter ; in a good sense. Shak. 

BLAB, V. i. To tattle ; to tell tales. Shak. 

BLAB, n. A babbler ; a telltale ; one who betrays secrets. 

BLAB'BER, n. A tattler ; a telltale. 

t BLAB'BER, v. i. 1. To whistle to a horse. 2. To falter ; 
to fib. 

BLAB'BER-LIPPED. See Blobber-lipped. 

BLAB'BING, ppr. Telling indiscreetly what ought to be 
concealed ; tattling. 

BLACK, a. [Sax. 6Zac, and &Z(ec.] I. Of the color of night ; 
destitute of light ; dark. 2. Darkened by clouds. 3. Sul- 
len ; having a cloudy looker countenance. 4. Atrocious- 
ly wicked •, horrible. 5. Dismal ; mournful ; calamitous. 
— Black and blue, the dark color of a bruise in the flesh, 
which is accompanied with a mixture of blue. 

BLACK, n. 1. That whicli is destitute of light or white- 
ness ; the darkest color, or rather a destitution of all color. 
2. A negro ; a person whose skin is black. 3. A black 
dress, or mourning. 

BLACK, V. t. To make black ; to blacken ; to soil. 

BLACK' ACT, n. The English statute, 9 Geo. I., which 
makes it felony to appear armed in any park or warren, 
&c., or to hunt or steal deer, &c., with the face blacked, 
or disguised^ 

BLACK' A-MoOR, n. A man by nature of a black complex- 
ion. Locke. 

BLACK '-BALL, n. A composition for blacking shoes. 

BLACK'-BALL, v. t. To reject or negative in choosing, by 
putting black balls into a ballot-box. 

BLACK'BAR, n. A plea obliguig the plaintiff to assign the 
place of trespass. 

BLACK'-BER-RIED-HeATH, n. A plant. 

BLACK'-BER-RY, n. [Sax. blacberian.] The berry of the 
briimible, or rubus. 

BLACK'-BiRD, n. A species of bird ; a singing bh-d with 
a fine note. 

BLA€K'-BOOK, n. 1. The Black-Book of the exchequer in 
England, composed in 1175. 2. Any book which treats of 
necromancy. 3. A book compiled by order of the visitors 
of monasteries, under Henry VIII., containing a detailed 
account of the enormities practised in religious houses, to 
blacken them, and to hasten their dissolution. 

BLACK'-BROWED, a. Having black eye-brows ; gloomy; 
dismal ; threatening. 

BLACK'-BRY'O-NY, n. A plant ; the tamus. 

BLACK'-CAP, w. 1. A bird, the mock-nightingale. 2. In 
cookery, an apple roasted till black. 

BLACK '-CAT-TLE, n. Cattle of the bovine genus, as bulls, 
oxen, and cows. [EnglisJi.] 

BLACK-CHALK, (black'chawk) n. A mineral of a bluish- 
black color' ; a variety of argillaceous slate. 



See Synopsis 



A, K, I, O, V, ■?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PR^Y ;— PlN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



BLA 



91 



BLA 



l}LACK'-€OeK, n. A fowl, called also black-grous and 

hlacl:-game. 

BLACK'-isA-GLE, n. In Scotland, a name given to the 
falco fulcus. 

BLACK EARTH, n. Mold ; earth of a dark color. 

BLA€K'ED, (blakt) pp. Made black ; soiled. 

BLACKEN, (blak'kn) v. t. [Sax. blmcan.^ 1. To make 
black. Franklin. 2. To make dark ; to darken ; to 
cloud. 3. To soil. 4. To sully reputation ; to make in- 
famous. 

BLA€K EN, v. i. To grow black, or dark. 

BLACKEN-ER, n. He that blackens. 

BLA€K'-EyED, a. Having black eyes. 

BLA€K'-FACED, a. Having a black face. 

BLA€K'-FISH, n. 1. A fish in the Orontes. 2. A fish 
caught on the rocky shores of New-England. 

BLACK '-FOR-EST, n. A forest in Germany. 

BLA€K'-FRi-AR, 71. A name given to the Dominican or- 
der, called also preaching friars. 

BLA€K'-GUARD, n. A vulgar term applied to a mean fel- 
low, who uses abusive, scurrilous language, or treats oth- 
ers with foul abuse. 

BLACK'ING, ppr. Making black, 

BLACK 'TNG, n, A substance used for blacking shoes ; any 
factitious matter for making things black. 

BLACK'ISH, a. Somewhat black ; moderately black or 
dark. 

BLACK'-JACK, n, 1. A name given by miners to blend. 
2. A leathern cup of old times. 

BLACK'-LEAD, n. A mineral of a dark steel-gray color, 
called plumbago. 

BLACK'-LEGS, n. In some parts of England, a disease 
among calves and sheep. 

BLACK'LY, adv. Darkly ; atrociously. 

BLACK'-MAIL, n. 1. A certain rate anciently paid, in 
the north of England, to certain men, who we're allied to 
robbers, to be by them protected from pillage. 2. Black- 
rent, or rents paid in corn or flesh. 

BLACK'-M6N-DAY, n. Easter Monday, in 34 Ed. III., 
which was misty, obscure, and so cold that men died on 
horseback. Stowc. 

BLACK'-MoNKS. A name given to the Benedictines. 

BLACK'-MOOR, n. A negro ; a black man. 

BLACK'-MOUTHED, a. Using foul or scurrilous language. 
KilliJigbeck. 

BLACK 'NESS, n. The quality of being black ; black color ; 
darkness •, atrociousness or enormity in wickedness. 

t BLACK'-PeO-PLED, a. Having people of a black color. 



BLACK'-PUD-DING, n. A kind of food made of blood and 
grain. 

BLACK'-ROD, n. [black and rod.] . In England, the usher 
belonging to the order of the garter ; so called from the 
black rod which he carries. He is of the king's chamber, 
and usher of parliament. 

BLACK'-SEA, n. The Euxine sea. 

BLACK'-SHEEP, n. In oriental history, the ensign or 
standard of a race of Turkmans. 

BLACK'-SMITH, n. A smith who works in iron, and 
makes iron utensils ; more properly an iron-smith. 

BLACK'-TAIL, n. A fish, a kind of perch. 

BLACK'-THORN, n. A species of prunus, called also sloe. 

BLACK'-TIN, ?t. Tin ore, when dressed, stamped, and 
washed, ready for melting. 

BLACK'-VIS-AGED. a. Having a dark visage. 

BLACK'-WADD, n. An ore of manganese. 

BLACK'-WoRK, n. Iron wrought by black-smiths. 

BLAD'-AP-PLE, 71. In botany, a species of cactus. 

BLAD'DER, ??. [Sax. blaidr,' blccdra, bleddra.] 1. A thin, 
membranous bag in animals, which serves as the recepta- 
cle of some secreted fluid, as the urinary bladder, the gall 
bladder, &c. By way of erninence, the word, in common 
language, denotes the urinary bladder. 2. Any vesicle, 
blister, or pustule, especially if filled with air, or a thin, 
watery liquor. 3. In 6o£an?/, a distended, membranaceous 
pericarp. 

..<LAD'DERED, a. Swelled like a bladder. 

iJLAD'DER-NUT, n. A genus of plants. 

BLAD'DER-SEN-NA, or bastard-senna, a genus of plants, 
called, in botany, colutea. 

BLAD'DER-Y, a. Resembling a bladder. 

BLADE, n. [Sax. bla:d, bled.] 1. The stalk or spire of a 
plant. 2. A leaf. 3. The cutting part of an instrument, 
as the blade of a knife, or sword. 4. The blade of the 
shoulder, shoulder-blade, or blade-bone, is the scapula, or 
scapular bone. 5. A brisk man ; a bold, forward man ; a 
rake. 

BLADE, V. t. To furnish with a blade. 

BLADE'-BONE, n. The scapula, or upper bone in the shoul- 
der. 

BLaD'ED, pp. 1. Having a blade or blades.— It may be used 
of blade in the sense of a leaf, a spire, or tlie cutting part 
of an instrument. — 2. In mineralogy, composed of long 
and narrow plates, like the blade of a knife. 



BLaDE'-SMITH, n. A sword cutler. 

BLAIN, 71. [Sax. blegene : D. blein.] A pustule ; a botch 
a blister. 

BLAKE, a. Yellow. Grose. [Jforth of England.] 

BLa'MA-BLE, a. Faulty ; culpable ; reprehensible, deserv 
ing of censure Dryden. 

BLa'MA-BLE-NESS, 71. Culpableness •, fault. 

BLa'MA-BLY, adv. Culpably ; in a manner deserving of 
censure 

BLAME, V. t. [Fr. bl&mer.] 1. To censure ; to express 
disapprobation of 5 to find fault with. 2. To bring re- 
proach upon ; to blemish ; to injure. [Obs.] Spenser. 

BLAME, n. 1. Censure ; reprehension ; imputation of a 
fault ; disapprobation ; an expression of disapprobation. 2. 
Fault ; crime ; sin ; that which is deserving of censure or 
disapprobation. 3. Hurt; injury. — To blame, in the 
phrase, he is to blame, signifies blamable' to be blamed. 

BLAMED, pp. Censured ; disapproved. 

BLaME'FUL, a. Faulty'; meriting blame ; reprehensible. 

BLAMELESS, a. Without fault; innocent ; guiltless ; not 
nieriting censure. 

BLaME'LESS-LY, adv. Innocently ; without fault. 

BLaME'LESS-NESS, 71. Innocence ; a state of being not 
worthy of censure. Hammond. 

BLaM'ER, ?i. One who blames, finds fault, or censures. 

BLAME'W6R-TH1-NESS, n. The quality of deserving cen- 
sure. 

BLaME'WoR-THY, a. Deservmg blame ; censurable ; cul- 
pabie ; reprehensible. 

BLaM'ING, ppr. Censuring ; finding fault. 

BLANC'ARD, n. [Fr. blanc] A kind of linen cloth, man- 
ufactured in Normandy. 

BLANCH, V. t. [Fr. blancMr.] 1. To whiten ; to take out 
the color, and make white ; to obliterate. 2. To slur ; 
to balk ; to pass over ; that is, to avoid ; to make empty. 
[Obs.] 3. To strip or peel. 

BLANCH, V. i. To evade ; to shift ; to speak sotlly ; to be 
reserved ; to remain blank, or empty. 

BLANCHED, pp. Whitened. 

BLANCH'ER, 71. One who whitens ; also, one who anneals 
and cleanses money. 

BLANCH-IM'E-TER, 71. [blanch, and Gr. fiSTpov.] An in- 
strument for measuring the bleaching power of oxymuriate 
of lime and potash. 

BLANCH'ING, PP7-. Whitening. — In coinage, the operation 
of giving brightness to pieces of silver. 

BLANC-MAN-GER, (blo-monjei) [Fr. white food.] In cook- 
ery, a preparation of dissolved isinglass, milk, sugar, 
cinnamon, &c., boiled into a thick consistence, and gar- 
nished for the table with blanched almonds. 

BLAND, a. [L. blandus.] Mild ; soft ; gentle ; as, bland 
words. _ 

BLAND-A'TION, 7?. A piece of flattery. Camden. 

BLAND-IL'0-QUENCE, 71. [L. blandus and loguor.] Fair, 
mild, flattering speech. 

BLAND'ISH, v. t. [L. blandior ; Old Eng. blandise ; Chau- 
cer.] To soften ; to caress ; to flatter by kind words or 
affectionate actions. 

BLAND'ISH-ER, n. One that flatters with soft words. 

BLAND'ISH-ING, ppr. Soothing or flattering with fail 
words. 

BLAND'ISH-ING, n. Blandishment. 

BLAND'ISH-MENT, n. Soft words; kind speeches; c.a 
resses ; expression of kindness ; words or actions expres- 
sive of affection or kindness, and tending to win the 
heart. 

BLANK, a. [Fr. blanc] 1. "Void ; empty ; consequently 
white ; as, a blank paper. 2. White or pale. 3. Pale 
from fear or terror ; hence, confused ; confounded ; dis- 
pirited ; dejected. 4. Without rhyme ; as, blank verse 5 
Pure ; entire ; complete. 6. Not containing balls or bullets 

BLANK, n. 1. Any void space ; a void space on pa- 
per, or in any written instrument. 2. A lot by which 
nothing is gained ; a ticket in a lottery which draws 
no prize. 3. A paper unwritten. 4. A paper contain- 
ing the substance of a legal instrument, as a deed, 
with vacant spaces left to be filled. 5. The point to 
which an arrow is directed, marked with white paper. 
[Little used.] 6. Aim; shot. [O65.] Shak. 7. Object to 
which any thing is directed. 8. A small copper coin for- 
merly current in France. — Point blank, in gunnery, the 
shot of a gun leveled horizontally. 

BLANK, V. t. 1. To make void ; to annul. Spenser. 2. To 
deprive of color, the index of health and spirits ; to damp 
the spirits ; to dispirit or confuse. Tillotson. 

BLANKED, pp. Confused ; dispirited. 

BLANK'ET, n. [Fr. blanchet.] 1. A cover for a bed, 
made of wool. 2. A kind of pear. 3. Among printers, 
woolen cloth or white baize, to lay between the tympans 

BLANK'ET, v. t. 1. To toss in a blanket by way of punish 
ment ; an ancient custom. 2. To cover with a blanket. 

BLANK'ET-ING, ppr. Tossing in a blanket. 

BLANK'ET-ING, n. 1. The punishment of tossing in a 
blanket. 2. Cloth for blankets. 



* See Synopsis. MoVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



BLA 



92 



BLE 



D'lANK'LY, adv. In a blank manner; with paleness or 
confusion. 

BLARE, «.i. [Old Belgic, Mar en ; Tent, blarren.] 1. To 
roar ; to bellow. [Little used.] 2. To sweal, or melt 
away, as a candle. 

BLARE, n. 1. Roar; noise. [Little used.] Barlow. 2. A 
small copper coin of Bern. 

BLASH, c. t. [of the same origin as plash.] To spatter. 
Orose. 

BLASH'Y, a. Dirty; wet. Craven dialect. Thin; poor; 
as, blashy milk, or beer. Grose. 

BLAS-PHi?.ME' «. t. [Gr. 8\aa(priiiE<j).] 1. To speak of the 
Supreme Being in terms of impious irreverence. 2. To 
speak evil of ; to utter abuse or calumny against ; to 
speak reproachfully of. 

BLAS-PHeME, «. i. 1. To utter blasphemy. 2. To arro- 
gate the prerogatives of God. 

BLAS-PHeM'ER, v. One who blasphemes ; one who 
speaks of God in innious and irreverent terms. 

BLAS-PHeM'ING, ppr. Uttering impious or reproachful 
words concerning God. 

BLAS'PHE-iMOUS, a. Containing blasphemy ; calumnious ; 
impiously irreverent to God. 

HLAS PHE-MOUti-LY, adv. Impiously; with impious ir- 
reverence to God. 

BLAS'PHE-MY, n. 1. An indignity offered to God by 
words or writing. 2. That which derogates from the pre- 
rogatives of God. 

BLAisT, n. [Sax. Mast.] 1. A gust or puff of wind ; or a 
sudden gust of wind. 2. The sound made by blowing a 
wind instrument. 3. Any pernicious or destructive influ- 
ence upon animals or plants. 4. The infection of any 
thing pestilential ; a bight on plants, 5. A sudden com- 
pression of air, attended with a shock, caused by the dis- 
charge of cannon. 6. A forcible stream of air from the 
mouth, from a bellows, or the like. 7. A violent explosion 
of gunpowder, in splitting rocks, and the explosion of in- 
flammable air in amhie. 8. The wholeblowhigof a forge 
necessary to melt one supply of ot^ ; a commonuse of the 
word among workiusn in forges in America. 

BLAST, V, t. 1. To make to wither by some pernicious 
influence; to blight, as trees or plants. 2. To affect with 
some sudden violence, plague, or calamity, which de- 
stroys or causes to fail ; as, to blast pride or hopes. 3. To 
confound, or strike with force, by a loud blast or din. 4. 
To split rocks by an explosion of gun-powder. 

BIASTED, pp. Affected by some cause that checks growth, 
injures, impairs, destroys, or renders abortive; split by 
an explosion of gun-powder. 

BLASTER, n. He or that whi-h blasts or destroys. 

BLAST'ING, ppr. Affecting by a blast ; preventing from 
coming to maturity ; frustrating ; splitting by an explo- 
sion of gun-powder. 

BLAST'ING, ?i. A blast ; destruction by a pernicious cause ; 
explosion. 

|BLAST'MENT, 7i. Blast ; sudden stroke of some destruc- 
tive cause. Shak. 

t BLa'TANT, a. Bellowing as a calf. 

BLATCH. See Blotch. 

f BLAT-ER-A'TION, n. [L. Materatio.] Noise. Coles. 

BLAT'TER, v. i. To make a senseless noise. 

BLAT'TER-ER, w. A noisy, blustering boaster. 

BLAY, n. A small river fish, the bleak. 

BLAZE, n. [Sax. blaze.] 1. Flame; the stream of light 
and heat from any body when burning. 2. Publication ; 
wide diffusion of report. 3. A white spot on the fore- 
head or face of a horse. 4. Light ; expanded light. 5. 
Noise ; agitation ; tumult. 

BLAZE, V. i. 1. To flame. 2. To send forth or show a 
bright and expanded light. 3. To be conspicuous. 

BivAZE, v.t. 1. To make public far and ^vide. 2. To 
blazon. [Mot used. See Blazon.] 3. To set a white 
mark on a tree, by paring off a part of the bark. Todd 

BLAZED, pp. Published far and wide. 

BLaZ'ER, n. One who publishes and spreads reports. 

BLaZ ING, ppr. Flaming ; publishing far and wide. 

BLaZ ING, a. Emitting flame, or light. 

BLaZ'ING-STAR, w. a comet ; a star that is accompanied 
with a coma, or train of light. 

BLa'ZON, (bla'zn) v. t. [Fr. blasonver.] 1. To explain, 
in proper terms, the figures on ensigns armorial. 2. To 
deck; to embellish; to adorn. 3. To display ; to set to 
show ; to celebrate by words or writing. 4. To blaze, 
about ; to maKC public far and wide. 

BLAZON, n. 1. The act of drawhig, describing or explain- 
ing coats of arms. 2. Publication ; show ; celebration ; 
pompoKs display. 

BLA ZONED, (bla'znd) pp. Explained, decyphered in the 
manner of heralds ; published abroad ; displayed pom- 
pously. 

BLA'ZON-ER. (bla'zn-er) n. One that blazons ; a herald ; 
an evil speaker, or propagator of scandal. 

BLa'ZON-ING, ppr. Explaining, describing as heralds ; 
showing ; publishing ; blaznig abroad ; displaying. 



BLa'ZON-RY, (bla'zn-ry) n. The art of describing coats of 
arms in proper terms. 

BLEA^ n. The part of a tree which lies immediately under 
tlie bark. Chambers. 

BLEACH, V. t. [Sax. blacan.] To whiten ; to make whita 
or^whiter ; to take out color. 

BLEACH, V. i. To grow white in any manner. 

BLEACHED, (bleecht) pp. Whitened ; made white. 

BLeACH'ER, n. One who whitens, or whose occupation 
is_to wniten cloth. 

BLeACH'ER-Y, n. A place for bleaching. 

BLeACH'ING, ppr. Whitenhig ; making white ; becoming 
wliite. 

BLeACH'ING, n. The act or art of whitening, especially 
cloth. 

BLeAK, a. [Sax. blac, blmc] 1. Pale. Gower. 2. Open ; 
vacant ; exposed to a free current of air ; as, a bleak hill. 

BLeAK, n. A small river fisli, five or six inches long. 

BLeAK'LY, adv. Coldly. May. 

BLeAK'NESS, n. Openness of situation ; exposure to the 
\vind ; hence, coldness. 

BLeAK'Y, a. Bleak ; open ; unsheltered ; cold. 

BLeAR, a. [D. Maar,] Sore, with a watery rheum ; ap- 
plied only to the eyes. 

BLEAR, v.t. To make sore ; to affect with soreness of 
eyes, or a watery humor. Brijden, 

BLeAR'ED-NESS, n. Tlie state of being bleared, or dim- 
med with rheum. Wiseman. 

BLeAR'E^'ED, a. Havinjg sore eyes ; having the eyes dim 
v/ith rheum ; dim-sighted. 

BLeAT, v. i. [Sax. blcBtan.] To make the noise of a sheep j 
tq^cry as a sheep. 

BLeAT, n. The cry of a sheep. 

BLeAT'ING, ppr. or a. Crying as a sheep. 

BLeAT'ING, n. The cry of a sheep. 

BLEB, n. A little tumor, vesicle or blister. 

BLEB'BY, a. Abounding with blebs. 

BLED, pret. VMdi pp. of bleed. 

t BLEE, 71. [Sax. bleo.] Color ; complexion. Spenser, 

BLEED, V. i. pret. and pp. bled. [Sax. bledan.] 1. To lose 
blood ; to run with blood, by whatever means. 2. To 
die a violent death, or by slaughter. 3. To issue forth, o'- 
drop as blood, from an incision ; to lose sap, gum or juice. 

BLEED, V. t. To let blood ; to take blood from, by opening 
a vein. 

BLEED'ING, ppr. Losing blood ; letting blood ; losing sap 
or juice. 

BLEED'ING, n. A running or issuing of blood, as from the 
nose ; a hemorrhage ; the operation of letting blood, as in 
surgery ; the drawing of sap from a tree or plant. 

BLEIT, or BLATE, a [Ger. Mode.] Bashful ; used in 



Scotland and the north of Eno-lavd. 
LEM'ISH, V. t. 1. To mark with 



BLEM'ISH, V. t. 1. To mark with any deformity ; to in- 
jure or impair any thing which is well formed, or excel- 
lent ; to mar. 2. To tarnish, as reputation or character ; 
to defame. 

BLEM'ISH, 71. 1. Any mark of deformity ; any scar or de- 
ffect that diminishes beauty. 2. Reproach ; disgrace ; 
that which impairs reputation ; taint ; turpitude ; de- 
formity. 

BLEM'ISHED, pp. Injured or marred by any mark of de- 
formity ; tarnished ; soiled. 

BLEM'ISH-ING, ppr. Marking witli deformitv ; tarnishing. 

BLEM'ISH-LESS, a. Without blemish ; spotless. 

BLEM'ISH-MENT, n. Disgrace. [Little used.] 

BLENCH, V. i. To shrink ; to start back ; to give way. 
Shak. 

BLENCH, V. t. To hinder or obstruct, says Johnson. But, 
in the passage he cites, it means to render ineffectual. 

BLENCH, n. A start. Shak. 

BLENCH'ER^ n. That which frustrates. 

BLENCH'-HoLD-ING, 7z. A tenure of lands upon the pay- 
ment of a small sum in silver. 

BLEND, 71. [Ger. blanden.] An ore of zink. 

BLEND, V. t. [Sax. blendian.] 1. To mix or mingle to- 
gether ; hence, to confound. 2. To pollute by mixture ; 
to spoil or corrupt. [Obs.] Spenser. 3. To blind. [Ofc.] 

BLEND, V. i. To be mixed ; to be united. Irving. 

BLEND'ED, pp. Mixed ; confounded by mixture. 

BLEND'ER, n. One that mingles or confounds. 

BLEND'ING, ppr. Mingling together; confounding by 
mixture. 

BLEND'OUS, a. Pertaining to blend. 

BLEND'-WA-TER, n. A distemper incident to cattle. 

BLEN'NY, 71. [Sax. blinnan.] A genus of fishes, of the 
order of jurrulars. 

BLENT. The obsolete participle of blend. 

BLESS, V. t. pret. and pp. blessed, or blest. [Sax. Medsian.] 
1. To pronounce a wish of liappiness to one ; to express 
a wish or desire of happiness, 2. To make happy ; to 
make successful ; to prosper in temporal concerns. 3. To 
make happy in a future life. 4. To set apart or conse- 
crate to holy purposes ; to make and pronounce holy. 
.5. To consecrate by prayer ; to invoke a blessing upon 



*See r^ynopsis a, E, t. O, t" Y, Zra^.— FAR, FALL, WHi^T ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BtRD; 



t Obsolete 



BL] 



93 



BLU 



6 To praise ; to glorify, for benefits received. 7. To 
praise ; to magnify ; to extol for excellencies. 

ULESSED, pp. Made happy or prosperous ; extolled ; pro- 
nounced Iiappy 

BLESS'ED, a. Happy 5 prosperous in worldly affairs ; en- 
joying spiritual happiness and the favor of God ; enjoying 
heavenly felicity. 

BLEfe-S'ED-THIS-TLE, n. A plant of the genus cnicus. 

DLESS'ED-L V, adv. Happily ; in a fortunate manner. 

BLESS'ED-NESS, n. 1. Happiness ; felicity ; heavenly 
joys; the favor of God. 2. Sanctity. 

BLESS'Eil, 7). One that blesses or prospers ; one who be- 
stows a blessing. 

BLESS'ING, ppr. Making happy ; wishing happiness to ; 
praising or extolling ; consecrating by prayer. 

BLEfeS'IJN'G, n. 1. Benediction ; a wish of happiness pro- 
nounced ; a prayer imploring happiness upon another. 2. 
A solemn prophetic benediction. .3. Any means of hap- 
piness 5 a gift, benefit or advantage. 4. Among the Jews, 
a present ; a gift. 

BLEST, pp. of bless. 

BLEST, a. 1. Made happy. 2. Making happy ; cheering^. 

BLE'TON-ISM, n. The faculty of perceiving ajid indicating 
subterraneous springs and currents by sensation ; so call- 
ed from one Bleton of France, who possessed this fac- 
ulty. 

BLe TON-IST, n. One who possesses the faculty of per- 
ceiving subterraneous springs by sens;ition. 

BLEW, pret. of Moid. 

BLeYME, 11. An inflammation in the foot of a horse, be- 
tvveeji the sole and the bone. 

BLI-CE' A, n. A small fish. 

BLiGHT, (bllte) n. [qu. Sax. Wsct/ia.] I. A disease inci- 
dent to plants. 2. Any thing nipping or blasting. 

BLIGHT, (bllte) v. t. To affect with blight ; to blast ; to 
prevent growth and fertility ; to frustrate. 

f BLIN, V. t, [Sax. blinnan.] To stop, or cease. 

BLiND, a. [Sax. blivd.] 1. Destitute of the sense of seeing ; 
not having siglit. 2. Not having the faculty of discern- 
ment ; destitute of intellectual light ; unable to under- 
stand or judge ; ignorant. 3. Unseen ; out of public 
view ; private ; dark. 4. Dark ; obscure ; not easy to be 
found ; not easily discernible. 5. Heedless ; inconsider- 
ate ; undeliberating. Jay. 

BLiND, V. t. 1. To make blind ; to deprive of sight. 2. 
To darken ; to obscure to the eye. 3. To darken the un- 
derstanding 4 To darken or obscure to the understand- 
ing. 5. To eclipse. 

BLIND, or BLINDE. See Blend, an ore. 

BLIND, n. 1. Something to hinder the sight. 2. Some- 
thing to mislead the eye or the understanding. 3. A 
skreen ; a cover. 

BLiND'ED, pp. Deprived of sight ; deprived of intellectual 
djscernment 5 made dark or obscure. 

BLiND'FoLD, a. Having the eyes covered ; having the 
mental eye darkened. 

BLiND'FoLD, v. t. To cover the eyes ; to hinder from 
seeing. 

BLIND' FoLD-ED, pp. Having the eyes covered ; hindered 
from seeing. 

BLiNDFoLD-ING, ppr. Covering the eyes 5 hindering 
from seeing. 

BLlND'lNG, ppr. Depriving of sight, or of understanding ; 
obscuring. 

BLiND'LY, adv. I. Without sight, or understanding. 2. 
Without dlsoerning the reason; implicitly. 3. Without 
judgment. 

BLiND'MAN'S-BALL, n. A species of fungus. 

BLTND'MAN'S-BtJFF, n. A play in which one person is 
bUndfolded, and hunts out the rest of the company. 

BLiND'NESS, n. Want of bodily sight j want of intellectual 
discernment ; ignorance. 

BLTND'NET-TLE, n. A plant. 

BLINDS, n. In the military art, a defense made of osiere 
or branches interwoven, to shelter and conceal the work- 
men. 

BLTND-SER'PENT, n. A reptile. 

BLiND'SiDE, V. The side which is most easily assailed •, 
vveakness -, foible ; weak part. 

BLiND VESSEL. With chemists, a vessel with an opening 
on one side only. 

BLiND'WoRM, n. A small reptile. 

BLINK, V. i. [Sax. blican.l 1. To wink ; to twinkle with 
tlie eye. 2. To see obscurely. Johnson. To see with 
the eyes half shut. 

BLINK, n. A glimpse or glance. Hall. 

BLINK, n. Blink of ice is the dazzling whiteness about the 
horizon, occasioned by the reflection of light from fields 
of ice at sea. 

BLINK'ARD, n. [blink, and ard, kind.] A person who 
blinks, or has bad eyes ; that which twinkles, or glances. 

BLINK'ING, ppi-. Winking ; twinkling. 

BLISS, n. [Sax. bliss.] The highest degree of happiness ; 
blessedness ; felicity ; heavenly joys. 



BLISS'FUI , a. Full of joy and felicity. 

BLISS'FCL-LY, adv. In a blissful manner. 

BlilSS'FLL-NESS, n. Exalted happiness ; felicity , fuUnestj 
of joy. Barrow. 

BLISS' LESS, a. Destitute of bliss. Hawkins. 

BLISSOM, V. i. [W. blys, blysiaw.] To be lustful ; to cat^ 
erwaul. [Little used.] 

BLIS'TER, n. [Ger. blase, and blatter.] 1. A pustule ; a 
thin bladder on the skin, containing watery jnatter or 
serum. 2. Any tumor made by the separation of the film 
or skin, as on plants ; or by the swelling of the substance 
at the surface, as on steel. 3. A vesicatory : a plaster of 
flies, or other matter, applied to raise a vesicle. 

BLIS'TER, V. i. To rise in blisters. JJryden. 

BLIS'TER, V. t. 1. To raise a blister, by any hurt, burn or 
violent action upon the skin. 2. To raise tumors on iron 
bars. 

BLIS'TERED, pp. Having blisters or tumors. 

BLIS'TER-ING, ppr. Raising a blister ; applying a blister- 
ing plaster, or vesicatory. 

BLITE, n. [L. blitum ; Gr. ^Xitov ] 1 A genus of plants, 
called strawberry spinach. 2. A species of amaranth, or 
flower gentle. 

BLITHE, a. [Sax. blithe.] Gay ; merry joyous ; spright- 
ly ; mirthful. 

BLiTHE'FUL, a. Gay; full of gayety. 

BIvlTHE'LY, adv. In a gay, joyful maniier. 

BLiTHE'NESS, n, Gayety ; sprightliness ; the quality of 
being blithe. 

BLITHE'SoME, a. Gay ; merry ; cheerful. 

BLiTHE'SoME-NESS, n. The quality of being blithesome ; 
gayety. 

BLoAT, V. t. [W. blwth, a puff".] 1. To swell, or make 
turgid, as with air- ; to inflate ; to puff" up ; hence, to 
make vain. 2. To swell or make turgid with water or 
otl7er means. 

BLoAT, V. i. To grow turgid ; to dilate. 

t BLoAT, a. Swelled ; turgid. 

IBLoAT'ED, pp. Swelled ; grown turgid ; inflated. 

BLoAT'ED-NESS, v. A mrgid state ; turgidness ; dilata- 
tion from inflation, or any morbid cause. 

BLoAT iNG, ppr. Swelling; inflating. 

BLOB, n. A bubble. See I^leb. 

BLOB'BER, 7t. [It. plub, or pluibin.] A bubble: pronounced. 
bv the common people in America, blubber. Carew. 

BLOB'BER-LiP, n. A thick lip.Dr?/<ien. 

BLOB'BER -LIPPED, a. Having thick lips. 

BLOB'TALE, n. A telltale ; a blab. 

BLO€K, n. [D. blo/c ; Ger. block.] ]. A heavy piece of 
timber or wood, usually \vith one plain surface. 2 
Any mass of matter with an extended surface. 3. A 
massy body, solid and heavy. 4. The wood on which crim- 
inals are beheaded. 5. Any obstmcticn, or cause of ob- 
struction ; a stop ; hindrance ; obstacle. 6. A piece of 
wood in which a pulley runs. 7. A blockhead ; a stupid 
fellow. 

BLOGIC, V. t. [Fr. bloqv.er.] To inclose or shut up, so as to 
hinder egress or passage ; to stop up ; to obstruct. 

BLOCK-aDE', n. [lX..b[occato.] The siege of a place, formed 
by surrounding it with liostile troops or ships. 

BLO€K-aDE', V. t. To shut up a town or fortress by troops 
or ships. 

BLO€K-aD'ED, pp. Shut up or inclosed by an enemy. 

BLO€K-aD'ING, ppr. Besieging by a blockade. 

BLOOK'HEAD, 7(. A stupid fellow ; a dolt ; a person defi- 
cient in understanding. 

BLOOK'HEAD-ED, a. fc-tupid ; dull. Shak. 

BLO€K'HEAD-LY, a. Like a blockhead. 

BLOGK'HOUSE, 71. A house or fortress erected to block up 
a pass, and defend it against the entrance of an enemy. 

BLOCK'ISH, a. Stupid ; dull ; deficient in understanding. 

BLOCK ISH-LY, adv. In a stupid manner. 

BLOCK'ISH-NESS, n. Stupidity ; dullness. 

BLOCK'LlKE, a. Like a block ; stupid. 

BLOCK'-TIN, n. Tin which is pure, and unwrought. 

BLOM'A-RY, n. The first forge through which iron passes, 
after it is melted from the ore. 

tBLONK'ET, a. Grny. Spenser. 

BLOOD, n. [Sax. Sw. and Dan. blodj Ger. blut.] 1. The 
fluid which circulates through the arteries and veins of 
the human body, and of other animals, which is essential 
to the preservation of life. 2. Kindred ; relation by nat- 
ural descent from a common ancestor ; consanguinity. 
3. Royal lineage ; blood royal. 4. Honorable birth : high 
extraction. Shak. 5. Life. C Slaughter ; murder, or 
bloodsheddJng. 7. Temper of mind ; state of t'le passions ; 
but, in this sense, accompanied with cold or warm. 8. A 
hot spark ; a rake. 9. The juice of any thing, especially 
if red. 

BL60D, v.t. 1. To let blood ; to bleed by opening a vem. 
2. To stain with blood. 3. To enter ; to inure to blood : as 
a hound. 4. To heat the blood; to exasperate. [Unu- 
sjiuL] 

BL60D'-BE-SP0T'TED, a. Spotted with blood. Shak, 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— Cas K; 6as J ; Sas Z ; CH as SH "iH as in this. fObsolUe 



BLO 



94 



BLU 



1 BLOOD -BCL'TERED, a. Sprinkled with blood. 

BLoOD'-€ON-SuM'IiNG, a. Wasting the blood. 

BL60D EJD, pp. Bled ; stained with blood ; jnured to blood. 

BLoOD'-FLOW-Ell, n. Ilanvanthus. 

BLoOD'-FRo-ZEN, a. Haviug the blood chilled. 

BLoOD'-Gb'ILT'I-NESS, n. The guilt or crime of shedding 
blood. 

BL60D-H0T, a. As warm as blood, in its natural temper- 
ature. 

BLoOD'-HOUND, n. A species of canis, or dog, remarkable 
for the acuteness of its smell. 

BL60D'-I-LY, adv. In a bloody manner ; cruelly ; with 
a disposition to shed blood. 

BLoOD'I-NESS, 71. The state of beuig bloody ; disposition 
to shed blood. 

BLoOD'ING, ppr. Letting blood ; staining with blood ; in- 
uring to blood, as a hound. 

BLoOD'LESS, a. 1. Without blood ; dead. 2. Without 
shedding of blood. 3. Without spirit or activity. 

BLoOD-LET, v. t. To bleed ; to let blood. 

BL60D LET-TER, n. One who lets blood, as in diseases ; 
a phlebotomist. Wiseman. 

BLoOD'-LET'-TING, 71. The act of letting blood, or bleed-- 
ing by op ning a vein. 

BLoODTUD-DlNG, n. A pudduig made with blood and 
other materials. 

BLoOD'-RED, 71. Red as blood. 

BLoOD'-ROOT, n. A plant, so named from its color. 

\ BLoOD'-SHA-KEN, a. Having the blood put in commo- 
tion. B. Jonson. 

BLoOD SHED, n. The shedding or spilling of blood , 
slaughter ; waste of life. 

BLoOD'SHED-DER, n. One who sheds blood. 

BLoOD'SHED-DING, n. The sheddire of blood ; the crmie 
of shedding blood. 

BLoOD'SHOT, a. Red and inflamed by a turgid state of the 
blood vessels. 

BLoOD'SHOT-TEN-NESS, n. The state of being blood- 
shotten, as applicable to the eye. 

BLoOD'-SlZED, a. Smeared or sized with blood. 

BLOOD'-SNAKE, 71. A species of snake. 

BL6()D'-SPAV-IN, n. A dilatation of the vein that runs 
along the inside of the hock of a horse. 

BLoOD'-STAINED, a. Stained with blood ; also, guilty 
of murder. 

BLoOD'STONE, n. A stone, imagined, if worn as an am- 
ulet, to be a good preventive of bleeding at the nose. 

BLOOD SUCK-ER, n. Any animal that sucks blood, as a 
lebcn, a fly, &c. A cruel man ; a murderer. 

BLOOD'-SUCK-ING, a. That sucks or draws blood. 

BLOOD'-SWOLN, a. Suffused with blood. 

BLOOD'-THiRS-TY, a. Desirous to shed blood ; murder- 
ous. 

BLOOD'-VES-SEL, n. Any vessel in wliich blood circu- 
lates in an animal body, an artery or a vein. 

BLOOD'-WARM, a. Warm as blood ; lukewarm. 

BLOOD'-WiTE, 71. In ancient law, a fine paid as a compo- 
sition for the shedding of blood. 

BLOOD'- WOOD, 71. A name given to log- wood, from its 
color. 

BLOOD'WORT, 71. A plant, a species of ruTnez. 

BLOOD'Y, a. 1. Stained with blood. 2. Cruel ; murderous ; 
given to the shedding of blood ; or having a cruel, savage 
disposition. 3. Attended with bloodshed ; marked by 
cruelty. 

BLOOD'Y, V. t. To stain with blood. Overbury. 

BLOOD'Y, adv. Very ; as, bloodij sick, bloody drunk. [ TJiis 
is very vulcrji.r.] 

BLOOD'Y-EyED, a. Having bloody or cruel eyes. 

BLOOD'Y-FACED, a. Having a bloody face or appearance. 

BLOOD'Y-FLUX, n. The dysentery. 

f BLOOD'Y-FLUXED, a. Afflicted with the bloody-flux. 

BLOOD'Y-HAND, n. A hand stained with the blood of a 
deer. .dsh. 

BL0OD'Y-HUNT-ING,~c. Hunting for blood. 

BLOOD'Y-MiND-ED, a. Having a cruel, ferocious disposi- 
tion ; barbarous ; inclined to shed blood. 

BLOOD'Y-RED, a. Having the colour of blood. 

BLOOD'Y-SCEP'TRED, a. Having a sceptre obtained by 
blood or slaughter. Shak. 

BLOODY-SWEAT, n. A sweat, accompanied by a dis- 
charge of blood ; also a disease, called siceatinff sickness. 

BLOOM, V. [Goth, bloma.] I. Blossom ; the flower of a 
plant ; an expanded bud. 2. The opening of flowers in 
general; flowers open, or in a state of blossoming. 3. 
The state of youth, resembling that of blossoms ; a state 
of opening manhood, life, beauty, and vigor. 4. The 
blue color upon plums and grapes newly gathered. 

ELOOM, V. i. 1. To produce or yield blossoms ; to flower. 
2. To be in a state of healthful, growing youtJi and vig- 
or ; to show the beauty of youth. 

\ BLOOM, V. t. To pi'l forthas blossoms. 

BLOOM, n, 'Sax. bloma.'] A mass of iron that has 
the blomary, or undergone the first hammering. 



BLOOM'ING, ppr. Opening in blossoms ; flowering j thriv- 
ing in the health, beauty and vigor of youth ; showing 
the beauties of youth. 

BLOOM'ING-LY, adv. In a blooming manner. 

BLOOM'Y, a. Full of bloom ; flowery ; flourishing with 
the vigor of youth ; as, a bloomy spray ; bloomy beau 
ties. 

t BLORE, 71. The act of blowing 5 a blast. 

BLOS'SOM 71. [Sax. blosm.] 1. The flower or corol of a 
plant ; a general term, applicable to every species of tree 
or plant. 2. This word is used to denote the color of a 
hoi-se, that has his hair white, but intermixed with sorrel 
and bay hairs. 

BLOS'SOM, v.i. 1. To put forth blossoms or flowers 5 to 
bloom ; to blow ; to flower. 2. To flourish and prosper. 

BLOS'SOM-ING, pijr. Putting forth flowers ; blowing. 

BLOS'SOM-ING, n. The blowing or flowering of plants. 

tBLOS'SOM-Y, a. Full of blossoms. 

BLOT, V. t. [Goth, blauthjan.] 1. To spot with ink 5 to 
stain or bespatter with ink. 2. To obliterate writing or 
letters with ink. 3. To efface ; to erase ; to cause to be 
unseen, or forgotten ; to destroy. 4. To stain with infa- 
my ; to tarnish ; to disgrace ; to disfigure. 5. To darken 

BLOT, 71. 1. A spot or stain on paper, usually applied to ink 
2. An obliteration of something written or printed. 3 
A spot in reputation ; a stain ; a disgrace ; a reproach ; 
a blemish. 4. Censure; scorn; reproach. 5. In back- 
gammon, when a single man lies open to be taken up. 

BLOTCH, 71. [Sax. blcectha.] A pustule upon the skui ; an 
eruption, usually of a large kind. 

BLOTCH, V. t. To blacken. Harmar. 

BLOTE, V. t. To dry and smoke. 

BLoT'ED, pp. Smoked and dried. 

BLOT'TED, pp. Stained ; spotted ; erased. 

BLOT'TER, 71. In counting houses, a waste book. 

BLOT'TING, ppr. Spotting Avith ink ; obliterating ; stain- 
ing. 

BLoW, 71. 1. The act of striking ; more generally the 
stroke. 2. The fatal stroke ; a stroke that kills ; hence, 
death. 3. An act of hostility. 4. A sudden calamity ; 
a sudden or severe evU. 5. A single act ; a sudden event. 
6._ An ovum, or egg deposited by a fly. 

BLoW, V. i. pret. blew ; pp. bloivn. [Sax. blawen, blowan.] 
1. To make a current of air ; to move as air. 2. To pant ; 
to puff ; to breathe hard or quick. 3. To breathe. 4. To 
sound with being blown, as a horn or trumpet. 5. To 
flower; to blossom ; to bloom ; as plants. — To blow over, 
to pass av/ay without effect ; to cease or be dissipated. — 
7'o blow up, to rise in the air ; also, to be broken and scat- 
tered by the explosion of gun-powder. 

BLoW, V. t. 1. To throw or drive a current of air upon. 2. 
To drive by a current of air ; to impel. 3. To breathe upon, 
for the purpose of warming, 4. To sound a wind instru- 
ment. .5. To spread by report. 6. To deposit eggs, as flies. 
7. To form bubbles by blowing. 8. To swell and inflate, 
as veal. 9. To form glass into a particular shape by tlie 
breath, as in glass manufactories. 10. To melt tin, after 
being first burnt to destroy the mundic. — To bloio away 
to dissipate; to scatter with wind. — To Moid dowv, t; 
prostrate by wind. — To blow off, to shake down by wind 
as to blow off fruit from trees ; to drive from land ; as, to 
blow off a ship. — To biota out, to extinguish by a current 
of air, as a candle. — To blow up. 1. To fill with air ; to 
swell. 2. To infiate ; to puff up. 3. To kindle. 4. To 
burst, to raise into the air, or to scatter, by the explosion 
of gunpowder. Figuratively, to scatter or bring to naught 
suddenly. — To blow upon, to make stale. 

BLoW, 7i. I. A flower ; a blossom. This word is in general 
use in the United States. In the Tatler, it is used for 
blossoms in general. 2. Among seaTneTi, a gale of wind 
This also is in general use in the United States. 

BLoW'-BALL, n. The flower of the dandelion. 

BLoW'ER," n. 1. One who blows ; one who is employed in 
melting tin. 2. A plate of iron for drawing up a fire in a 
stove chunney. 

BLOWING , ^jpr. Making a cun-ent of air ; breathing quick ; 
sounding a wind instrument ; inflating ; impelling by 
vnnd ; melting tin. 

BLOWING, n. The motion of wind, or act of blowing. 

BLoWN, pp. Driven by wind ; fanned ; sounded by blow 
ing ; spread by report ; swelled ; inflated ; expanded as 
a blossom. 

BLoW'-PiPE, 71. An instrument by which a blast or current 
of air is driven tlirough the flame of a lamp or candle, an'd 
that flame directed upon a mineral substance, to fuse or 
vitrify it. 

BLoW-POINT, 71. A kind of play among children. 

BLoWTH, 7). [Ir. blath, blaith.] Bloom, or blossom, or 
that which is expanded ; the state of blossoming. 

BLOWZE, (blowz) n. A ruddy, fat-faced woman. 

BLOWZ'Y, a. Ruddy-faced ; fat and ruddy ; high-colored. 

t BLUB, V. t. To swell. See Bleb. 

BLUB'BER, n. [See Blobber, Blob, and Bleb.] 1. A 
blobber or bubble ; a common, vulgar word. 2. The fat of 



See Synopsis A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— PiN, MARiNE BiRD 



BLU 



95 



BOA 



whales and other large sea animals, of which is made 
train-oil. 3. Sea-nettle, or sea-Dlubber, the medusa. 

BLUB'BER, V. i. Ta weep in such a manner as to swell 
the cheeks. 

BLUB'BER, V. t. To swell tne cheeks, or disfigure the face, 
with weeping. 

BLUB BERED, p;?. Swelled; big 5 turgid. 

BLUB'BER-ING, ppr. Weeping so as to swell the cheeks. 

BLUD'6E0N, 71 [Goth, blyggwan.} A short stick, with 
one end loaded, or thicker and heavier than the other, 
and used as an offensive weapon. 

BLUE, (bill) a. [Sax. hleo, bleoh, bleoio.] One of the seven 
colors, into which the rays of light divide themselves, 
when refracted through a glass prism. There are various 
shades of blue, as sky-blue,or azure, Prussian blue, indigo 
blue, smalt blue, &c. 

BLUE, V. t. To make blue ; to dye of a blue color ; to 
make blue by heating, as metals, &c. 

BLCiE'BiRD, n. A small bird, a species of motacilla. 

BLuE'-BON-NET, n. A plant, a species of centaurea. 

BLuE'-BOT-TLE, n. 1. A plant, a species of centaurea. 
2._ A fly with a large, blue belly. 

BLuE'-€AP, n. A fish of the salmon kind. 

BL^E'-EyED, a. Having blue eyes, Dryden. 

BLuE'-FISH, n. A fish, a species of coryphoiHa. 

BLuE'-HAIREO, a. Having hair of a blue color. 

BLuE'-JOHN, 11. Among miners, jlaor spar, a mineral. 

BLuE'LY, adv. With a blue color. Swift. 

BLuE'NESS, n. The quality of being blue ; a blue color. 
Boyle. 

BLuE'-THRoAT, n. A bird with a tawny breast. 

BLuE'-VEINED, a. Having blue veins or streaks. 

BLUFF, a. Big ; surly ; blustering. Dryden. 

BLUFF, 71. A high bank, almost perpendicular, projecting 
into the sea ; a high bank presenting a steep front. Bel- 
knap. Mar. Diet. 

BLUFF'-BOWED, a. Having broad and flat bows. 

BLUFF'-HEAD-ED, a. Having an upright stem. 

BLUFF'NESS, n. A swelling or bloatedness ; surliness. 

BLu'ISH, a. Blue in a small degree. Pope. 

BLu'ISH-NESS, n. A small degree of blue color. 

BLUN'DER, V. i. 1. To mistake grossly ; to err widely or 
stupidly. 2. To move without direction, or steady guid- 
ance ; to plunge at an object ; to move, speak, or write 
with sudden and blind precipitance. 3. To stumble, as a 
horse. 

BLUN'DER, n. A mistake through precipitance, or without 
due exercise of judgment ; a gross mistake. 

BLUN'DER-BUSS, 71. [blunder, and D. bus.] A short gun, 
or fire-arm, with a large bore, capable of holding a number 
of balls, and intended to do execution without exact aim. 

BLUN'DER-ER, n. One who is apt to blunder, or to make 
gross mistakes ; a careless person. 

BLUN'DER-HEAD, n. A stupid fellow ; one who blunders. 
L'' Estrange. 

BLUN'DER-ING, ppr. Moving or acting with blind precip- 
itance ; mistaking grossly ; stumbling. 

BLUN'DER-ING-LY, adv. In a blundering manner. 

BLUNT, a. \. Having a thick edge or point, as an instru- 
ment ; dull ; not sharp. 2. Dull in understanding ; slow 
of discernment. 3. Abrupt in address ; plain ; uncere- 
monious ; wanting the forms of civility ; rough in man- 
ners or speech. 4. Hard to penetrate ;' [unusual.'] 

BLUNT, V. t. 1. To dull the edge or point, by making it 
thicker. 2. To repress or weaken any appetite, desire or 
power of the mind. 

BLUNT'ED, pp. Made dull ; weakened ; impaired ; re- 
pressed. 

BLUNT'ING, ppr. Making dull •, repressing ; impairing. 

BLUNT'ING, n. Restraint. Taijlor. 

BLUNT'LY, adv. In a blunt manner ; coarsely ; plainly ; 
abruptly ; without delicacy, or the usual forms of civility. 

BLUNT'NESS, 71. 1. Want of edge or point ; dullness ; ob- 
tuseness ; want of sharpness. 2. Coarseness of address ; 
roughness of manners ; rude sincerity or plainness. 

BLUNl 'WIT-TED, a. Dull; stupid. Skak. 

BLUR, n. A dark spot ; a stain ; a blot, whether upon paper 
or other substance, or upon reputation. 

BLUR, V. t. 1. To obscure by a dark spot, or by any foul 
matter, without quite effacing 2. To sully ; to stain ; 
to blemish. 

BLURRED, (bliurd) pp. Darkened or stained ; obscured. 

BLUR'RING, ppr. Darkening or staining ; spotting. 

BLURT, V. t. To throw out, or throw at random, hastily, 
or unadvisedly ; to utter suddenly or inadvertently. 
Young. 

BliUSIl', V. i. [D. bloozen.] 1. To redden in the cheeks or 
face ; to be suddenly suffused with a red color in the 
cheeks or face, from a sense of guilt, shame, confusion, 
modesty, diffidence or surprise. 2. To bear a blooming 
red color, or any soft, bright color.— Shakspeare has used 
this word in a transitive sense, to make red. 

BLUSH, 7(. 1. A red color suffusi]ig the cheeks only, or the 
face generally, and excited by confusion, which may 



spring from shame, guilt, modesty, diffidence or surprise 
2. A red or reddish color. 3. Sudden appearance ; a 
glance. Locke. 

t BLUSH, V. t. To make red. Shak. 

tBLUSH'ET, n. A young, modest girl. 

fBLUSH'FUL, ft. Full of blushes. Thomson. 

BLUSH'ING, ppr. Reddening in the cheeks or face ; bear- 
ing a bright color. 

BLUSH'LESS, a. Unblushing ; jjast blushing ; impudent. 

BLUSH'Y, a. Like a blush ; having the color of a blush. 

BLUS'TER, V. i. 1. To be loud, noisy or swaggering ; to 
bully ; to puff; to swagger 2 To roar, and be tumultu 
ous, as wind ; to be boisterous , to be windy ; to hurry. 

t BLUS'TER, V. t. To blow down. 

IBLUS'TER, 7J. Noise ; tumult ; boasting ; boisterousness ; 
turbulence ; roar of a tempest ; violent wind ; hurry ; 
any irregular noise and tumult from wind, or from van 
ity. 

BLUS'TER-ER, n. A swaggerer ; a bully ; a noisy, tmnul 
tuous fellow, who makes great pretensions from vanity 

BLUS'TER-ING, ppr. Making a noise , pufling ; boasting- 

BLUS'TER-ING, a. Noisy ; tumultuous ; windy. 

BLUS'TROUS, a. Noisy ; tumultuous ; boastful. 

BO, excl. [W. bic] A word of terror ; a customary sound 
uttered by children to frighten their fellows. 

Bo'A, n. A genus of serpents, of the class amphibia, the 
charactei-s of which are, the belly and tail are furnished 
with scuta. It includes the largest species of serpent, the 
constrictor, sometimes 30 or 40 feet long. 

BoAR, 71. [Sax. bar ; Corn, bora.] The male of swine not 
castrated^ 

BoAR'-SPeAR, n. A spear used in hunting boars. 

BoAR, V. i. In the manege, a horse is said to boar, when 
he shoots out his nose, raising it as high as his ears, and 
tosses his nose in the wind. 

Board, n. [Sax. bord.] 1. A piece of timber sawed thin, 
and of considerable length and breadth, compared with 
the tliickness, used for building and other purposes. 2. A 
tabie. 3. Entertainment ; food ; diet. 4. A table at 
which a council or court is held . 5. The deck of a ship ; 
the interior part of a ship or boat. 6. The side of a ship. 
[Fr. bordi Sp. borda.] 7. The line over which a ship 
runs between tack and tack. 8. A table for artificers to sit 
or work on. 9. A table or frame for a game. 10. A body 
of men constituting a quorum in session ; a court, or 
council. 

Board, v. t. L To lay or spread with boards ; to cover 
with boards. 2. To enter a sliip by force in combat, which 
answers to storming a city or fort on land. 3. To attack ; 
to make the first attempt upon a man. In Spejiser, to ac- 
cost. [Fr. aborder.] [Obs.] 4. To place at board, for a 
compensation, as a lodger. 5. To furnish with food, or 
food and lodging, for a compensation. 

Board, v. L To receive food or diet as a lodger or without 
jodgings, for a compensation. 

BoARD'A-BLE, a. That may be boarded, as a ship. 

BoARD'ED, pp. Covered with boards ; entered by armed 
men, as a ship ; furnished with food for a compensation. 

BoARD'ER, n. 1. One who has food or diet and lodging in 
another's family for a reward. 2. One who boards a ship 
in action ; one who is selected to board ships. 

BoARD'ING, ppr. Covering with boards; entering a ship 
by force ; furnishing or receiving board. 

BoARD'ING-SCHOOL, n. A school, the scholars of which 
board with tlie teacher. 

BoARD'-WA-GES, 72. Wages allowed to servants to keep 
themselves in victuals. 

BoAR'ISH, a. Swinish ; brutal ; cruel. Shak. 

BoAST, w.i. [W.bostiaw.] 1. To brag, or vaunt one's self ; 
to make an ostentatious display, in speech, of one's own 
wortli, property, or actions. 2. To glory ; to speak with 
laudable pride and ostentation of meritorious persons or 
tilings. 3. To exalt one's self. 

BoAST, V. i. 1. To display in ostentatious language ; to 
speak of witli pride, vanity or exultation, with a view to 
self commendation. 2. To magnify or exalt. 3. To exult 
m confident expectation. 

BoAST, n. 1. Expression of ostentation, pride or vanity ; a 
vaunting, 2. The cause of boasting ; occasion of pride, 
vanity, or laudable exultation. 

BoAST'ER, n. One who boasts, glories or vaunts ostenla 
tiously. 

BoAST'FUL, a. Given to boasting ; ostentatious of person- 
al worth or actions. 

Bc3AST'ING,ppr. Talking ostentatiously ; glorying; vaunt- 
ing. 

BoASTTNG, n. Ostentatious display of personal worth, or 
actions : a glorying or vauntijng. 

BoAST'ING-LY, adv. In an ostentatious manner; with 
boasting. 

BoAST'IVE, a. Presumptuous. [Unusual.] 

BoAST'LESS, a. Without ostentation. Thomson 

Boat, n. [Sax, and Sw. hat.] 1. A small open vessel, or 
water craft, usually moved by oars, or rowing. 2. A 



♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, D6VE ,— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; C as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tJiis. f Obsolete 



BOD 



m 



BOl 



small vessel carrying a mast and sails ; but usually de- 
scribed by another word, as, a packet-boat. 

BoA'J', V. t. To transjwrl in a boat ; as, loboat goods across 
a lake. jSs/i. 

Bo \T A-BLE, a. Navigable for boats, or small river craft, 
Rai/isaij. 

BoAT-BILL, n. A genus of birds, (he cancroma. 

BoAT'-FLV, or BoAT'-lJSf-SE€T, ii. A genus of insects. 

BoAT'-HOOK, /I. An iron hook with a point on the back, 
fiAed 10 a long pole, to pull or push a boat. 

Boat [NG,ppr. Transporting in boats. 

RoAT iNG, It. 1. The act or practice of transporting in 
boats. — -2. In Persia, a punishment of capital otfeudei-s by 
lajirig tliem on the back in a boat which is covered, 
where they perish. 

f BU-A''J'tON, )i. [L. boo.] A crying out ; a roar. 

BoAT'MAJN', or BoATS'MAN, n. A man who manages a 
b-iat ; a rower of a boat. 

BoA'i''-ROP£, 11. A rope to fasten a boat, usually called a 
painter. 

boAT -SHAPE]1, a. Having the shape of a boat ^ navicu- 
lar ; cymbiform ; hollow, like a boat. 

*BoATiSWA[N, n. {in familiar speech, pronounced ho'sn.) 
[Sax. batswein.] An officer on board' of ships, who has 
charge of the boats, sails, rigging, colors, anchors, cables 
and cordage. 

BOB, n. 1. Any little round thing, that plays loosely at the 
end of a string, cord, or movable maciiine , a little orna- 
ment or pendant, that hangs so as to play loosely. 2. The 
words repeated at the end of a stanza. 3. A blow ; a 
shake or jog ■, a jeer or flout. 4. The ball of a short pen- 
dulum. 5. A mode of ringing. 6. A bob-wig. 

BOB, V. t. 1. To beat ; to shake or jog. 2. To cheat ; to 
gam by fraud. 3. To mock or delude. 4, To cut short. 

BOB, 0. i. 1. To play backward and forward ; to play loose- 
ly against any thing. 2. To angle or fish for eels, or to 
catch eels with a bob 

t BO- BANCE', (bo-bans') n. A boasting. Chancer. 

BOBBED, pp. Beat or shaken ; cheated 5 gained by fraud ; 
dc uded 

BOB'BIiV, n. [Fr. bohine ; D. babijn.] A small pin or cylin- 
drical piece of wood, with a head, on which thread is 
wound for making lace. A similar instrument, used in 
spiiming ; a spool. 

BOB'BING, ppr. Playing back and forth ; striking ; cheat- 
ing ; angling for eels. 

BOB'BIN-WoRK, n. Work woven with bobbins. 

'BOB BISH, a. In familiar discourse, used for being hearty ; 
in good spirits. 

BOB-CllIi^R-RY, n. Among children, a play in which a 
cherry is hung so as to oob against the mouth. 

Bo'BO, n. A Mexican fish, two feet long. 

BOH'Sl'AYS, 71. Ropes to confine the bowsprit of a ship 
downward to the stem. 

BOB' TAIL, n. 1. A short tail, or a tail cut short. 2. The 
rabble ; used in contempt. 

BOB'-T AILED, a. Having the hair cut short. 

BOB-WIG, r. A short wig. Spectator. 

BOeAClUE, or BO€AKE, n. An animal found on the 
banks of the Dnieper. 

BO€'A-SlNE, n. [Fr.] A sort of fine linen or buckram. 

BOCE, n. The sparus, a beautiful fish. .ash. 

RO^^'F T FT ) 

BOf'k'E ret' ( ^" ^ ^"^^ of long-winged hawk. 

BO€K'LANd' [See Bookland.] Encyc. 

BODE, V t. [Sax. bodian, hodigan.] To portend ; to fore- 
show ; to presage ; to indicate something future by signs ; 
to be the omen of. 

BODE, V. i. To foreshow ; to presage. Dryden. 

BODE, n. 1. An omen. Chaucer. 2. A stop. See Abide. 

tBoDE'MENT, n. An omen ; portent ; prognostic. 

t BODgE, v. i. To boggle ; to slop. Shale. 

t BODGE. 71. A botch. Whitlock. 

BODICE, 71. Stays; a waistcoat, quilted with whalebone, 
worn by women. 

BOD lED, a. Having a body. Shale. 

BOD'I-LESS, a. Having no body or material form ; incor- 
poreal. 

■t BOD I-LI-NESS, 71. Corporality. Minshen. 

BOD'I-LY, a. 1. Having or containing a body, or ma*^erial 
form ; corporeal. 2. Relating or pertaining to the body, 
in distinction from the mind. 3. Real •, actual. 

BOD'I-LY, adv. Corporeally ; united with a body or matter. 

BoD'ING, ppr. Foreshowing-, presaging. 

BoD'ING, 71. An omen. Bp. Ward. 

BODKIN, n. 1. An instrument for making holes by pierc- 
ing. An instrument with an eye, for drawing thread, 
tape, or riband through a loop, &c. An instrumoitlo dress 
the hair. 2. A dagger ; [not in use.] 

BOD'LEI-AN, a. Pertaining to Sir Thomas Bodley. 

BODY, V. [Pax. bodig.] 1. The frame of an anima! ; the 
material substance of an animal. 2. Matter, as opposed 
to spirit. Hooker. 3. A person •, a human being ; some- 
times alone ; more generally, with some or no ; as, .sonic- 



boggy or swampy 



body ; nobody. 4. Reality, as opposed to repiesentatiou 
5. A collective mass ; a number of individuals or particu 
lars united. 6. The main army ; any number of forces. 
7. A corporation ; a nun)ber of men, united by a common 
tie, by one form of government, or by occupation. S. The 
main part ; the bulk ; as, the body of a tree. 9. Any ox- 
tended, solid substance ; matter ; any substance or masa 
distinct from others. 10 A pandect ; a general collec- 
tion ; a code ; a system. 11. Strength ; as, windof agoo^ 
body. 

BODY, V. t. To produce in some form. 

BOD'Y-CLOTHES, n. plii. Clothing or covering for tb 
body, as for a horse, jiddison, 

BOD'Y-GUaRD, n. The guard that protects or defends tb& 
person ; the life-guard. Hence, security. 

BOG, 71. [Ir. bog.] 1. A quagmire covered with grass or 
other plants. 2. A little elevated spot or clump of earth, 
in marslies and swamps, filled with roots and grass. JVcw 
England, 

BOG, v.t. To whelm or plunge, as in mud and mire. 

BOG'-BkAN, n. Menyanthes, a plant. 

BOG'-BER-RY, 71. Vaccinium ; a name of the cranberry 
growing in marshy places. 

BOG'GLE, v. i. 1. To doubt ; to hesitate ; to stop, as if 
afraid to proceed, or as if impeded by unforeseen difficul- 
ties ; to play fast and loose. 2. To dissemble. 

BOG'GLE, V. t. To embarrass with difficulties; a popular 
or vulgar iLse of the word in the United States. 

BOG'GLED, pp. Perplexed and impeded by sudden difficul 
ties ; embarrassed. 

BOG'GLER, n. A doubter ; a timorous man. 

BOG'GLING, ppr. Starting or stopping at difficulties ; hesi- 
tating. 

t BOG'GLISH, a. Doubtful. Taylor. 

BOG'GY, a. Containing bogs ; full of bogs. 

BOG'HOUSE, 71. A house of office. 

BOG'-LAND, a. Living in or pertaining to a marshy coon- 
try. Dryden. 

BO'GLE, or BOG'GLE, n. [W. bwg.] A tugbear. 

BOG'-ORE. n. An ore of iron found in be 
land. 

BOG'-RUSH, 71. 1. A rush that grows in bogs. 2. A bird, a 
species of warbler. 

BOG'-SPA V-TN, 71. In horses, an encysted tumor on the in- 
side of the hough. 

BOG'-TROT-TER, n. One who lives in a boggy country 
Johnson. 

BOG'-WHoRT, n. The bilberry or whortleberry, growing 
in low lands. 

BO-HkA', (bo-he') n. [Grosier informs us that this is named 
from a mountain in China, called Vou-y, or Voo~y.] A 
species of coarse or low-priced tea from China ; a species 
of black tea. 

BOl'AR, or BOY'AR, n. In the Russian empire, a noble- 
man ; a lord ; a person of quality ; a soldier. 

BOI'A-RIN, n. In Russia, a gentleman. 

BOI-GUA'€U, 71. The largest of the serpent kind. 

BOIL, V. i. [Fr. bouiUir : L. huUio.] 1. To swell, heave, or 
be agitated by the action of heat ; to bubble ; to rise in 
bubbles. 2. To be agitated by any other cause than 
heat. 3. To be hot or fervid ; to swell by native heat, 
vigor or irritation. 4. To be in boiling water ; to suffer 
boiling heat in water 01 other liquid, for cookery or other 
purpose. 5. To bubble ; to effervesce ; as a mixture of 
acid and alkali. — To boil airay, to evaporate by boiling. 
— To boil over, is to run over the top "of a vessel. 

BOIL, V. t. 1. To dress or cook in boiling water ; to seethe ; 
to extract the juice or quality of any thing by boiling. 
2. To prepare for some use in boiling liquor. To form by 
boiling and evaporation. 

BOIL, 71. [D. buil ; Ger. heule ; Dan. bylde ; Sax. bile.] A 
tumor upon the flesh, accompanied with soreness and in- 
flammation •, a sore, angry swelling. 

BOILED, pp. Dressed or cooked by boiling ; subjected to 
the action of boihng liquor. 

BOIL'ER, 71. 1. A person who boils. 2. A vessel in which 
any thing is boiled. 

BOTL'ER-Y, 71. A place for boiling and the apparatus. 

BOIL'ING, ppr. Bubbling ; heaving in bubbles ; being agi 
tated, as boiling liquor ; swelling with heat, ardor or pas- 
sion ; dressing or preparing for some purpose by hot 
water. 

BOIL'ING, V. The act or state of bubbling ; agitation by 
heat ; ebullition ; the act of dressing by hot water ; the 
act of preparing by hot water, or of evaporating by heat. 

BOI-O'BI, V. A green snake, found in America. 

BOIS'TER-OUS, a. [D. byster ; W. biryst.] 1. Loud ; roar- 
ing •, violent ; stormy. 2. Turbulent ; furious ; tumultu- 
ous ; noisy. 3. Large ; unwieldy ; huge ; clumsily vio 
lent. [Obs.] 4 Violent. 

BOIS'TER-OTJS-LY, adv. Violently ; furiously ; with loud 
noise ; tumultuouslv. 

BOrS'TER-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being 
boisterous ; turbulence ; disorder ; tumultuousness. 



* See Synopms A, E, I, Xj, Y, long — FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY v—PIN, MARINE^ BlRD ;- f Obsolete 



BOL 



97 



BOiN 



HOl-TI-A'PO, n. A Brazilian serpent. 

Bo'LA-RY, a. Pertaining to bole or clay, or partaking of 

its nature and qualities. Brown. 
BOL'Bl-TINE, a. An epithet given to one of the channels 

or mouths of the Nile. 
Bold, a. [Sax. bald, beald.] 1. Daring ; coui'ageous 5 brave ; 
intrepid ; fearless. 2. Requiring courage in the execution ; 
executed with spirit or boldness ; planned with courage 
nnd spirit. 3. Confident ; not timorous. — 4. In an ill 
seme, rude, forward, impudent. 5. Licentious ; show- 
ing great liberty of fiction or expression. 6. Standing out 
to view j striking to tlie eye ; as uuld figures in painting. 
7. Steep ; abrupt ; prominent ; as, a bold shore. — To make 
bold, to take freedoms ; a common, but not a correct 
phrase. To be bold is better. 
tBoLD, ^. t. To make daring. Hall. 
BoLD'EN, (bold'dn) v. t. To make bold ; to give confi- 
dence. This is nearly disused. Jlscham. 
BoLD'-FACE, n Impudence ; sauciness ; a term of repre- 
hension ani reproach. 
BoLD'-FACED, a. Impudent. Bramhall. 
BoLD'LY, adv. In a bold manner ; courageously 5 intrep- 
idly ; without timidity or fear ; with confidence. Some- 
times, perhaps, in a bad sense, for impudently. 
BoLD'xVESS, 91. 1. Courage -, bravery ; intrepidity ; spirit ; 
fearlessness. 2. Prominence ; the quality of exceeding 
the ordinary rules of scrupulous nicety and caution. 3. 
Freedom from timidity ; liberty. 4. Confidence 5 confi- 
dent trust. 5. Freedom from bashfulness ; assurance ; 
confident mien. 6. Prominence ; steepness. 7. Excess 
of freedom, bordering on im.pudence. 
EOLE, n. [Sw. bol.'\ 1. The body, or stem of a tree. 
[A'ct in use.'\ 2. A measure of corn, containing six 
bushels. 
BOLE, n. A kind of fine clay, often highly colored by iron. 
BO-LET'I€, a. Boletic acid is the acid of boletus. 
BO-Le'TUS, 71. [L.] A genus of mushrooms. 
Bo'LIS, 71. [L.] A fire-ball darting through the air, follow- 
ed by a train of light or sparks. 
BoLL, 71. [W. bul ,' Sax. bolla.] The pod or capsule of a 
plant, as of flax ; a pericarp. Bule, a measure of six 
bushels, is sometimes written in this manner. 
BoLL, V. i. To form into a pericarp or seed-vessel. 
BoLL'INGS, 71. pi. Pollard-trees, whose heads and branch- 
es are cut off, and only the bodies left. Ray. 
BO-Lo'GNI-AN STONE, (bo-lo'ne-an-stone) Radiated sul- 
phate of barytes, first discovered near Bologna. 
BoL'STER, 71. [Sax. and Sw. bolster.] 1. A long pillow or 
cushion, used to support the head of persons lying on a 
bed. 2. A pad, or quilt. — 3. In saddlery, a part of a sad- 
dle raised upon the bows or hinder part, to hold the rider's 
tliigh. — 4. In skips, a cushion or bag, filled with tarred 
canvas, used to preserve the stays from being worn or 
chafed by the masts. 
BoL'STER, V. t. 1. To support with a bolster, pillow or any 
soft pad or quilt. 2. To support ; to hold up ; to maintain. 
3. To aflford a bed to. [Unu^-^ual.] Shak. 
BoL'STERED, a. Swelled out. 
BoL'STER-ER, n. A supporter. 
BoL'STER-ING, n. A prop or support. Taylor. 
BoLT, n. [Dan. bolt.] 1. An arrow; a dart; a pointed 
shaft. Dryden. 2. A strong cylindrical pin, of iron or 
other metal, used to fasten a door, a plank, a chain, &c. 
3. A thunder-bolt ; a stream of lightning, so named from 
its darting like a bolt. 4. The quantity of twenty-eight 
ells of canvas. 
BoLT, V. t. 1. To fasten or secure with a bolt, or iron pin, 
whether a door, a plank, fetters, or any thing else. 2. To 
fasten ; to shackle ; to restrain. Shak'. 3. To blurt out ; 
to utter or throw out precipitately. 4. [Norm, baiter, a 
bolting sieve. Glu. Fr. blutcr.] To sift or separate bran 
from flour. — 5. Among sportsmen, to start or dislodge, used 
of conys. 6. To examine by sifting. [Inelcirant.] 7. 
To purify; to purge. lUimsual.'] Shak. 8. To discuss or 
argue. 
BoLT, V. i. To slioot forth suddenly ; to spring out with 

speed and suddenness ; to start forth like a bolt. 
BoLT'-AU-GER, 71. A large borer, used in ship-building. 
BoLT'-BoAT, n. A strong boat that will endure a rough 

sea. Msh. 
BoLT'ED, pp. Made fast with a bolt ; shot forth ; sifted ; 

examined. 
BoLT'ER, n. 1. An instrument or machine for separating 

bran from flour. 2. A kind of net. 
tBoLT'SR, «. t. To besmear. Shak. 
BoLT'-I-IEAD, n. A long, straigiit-necked glass vessel for 

chemical distillations, called also a matrass or receiver 
BoLT'ING, ppr. Fastening with a bolt, or bolts ; blurting 
out ; shooting forth suddenly ; separating bran from flour ; 
sifting ; examinmg ; discTissing ; dislodging. 
BoLT'ING, 7^. The act of fastening with a bolt or bolts ; a 

sifting ; discussion. 
Bolt ING-CLOTH, 7i. a Hnen or hair cloth, of wliich bolt- 
ers are made for sifting meal . 



BoLT'ING-HOLTSE, n. The house or place where meal is 

bolted. 
BoLT'iNG-IIUTCPI, n. A tub for bolted flour. 
BoLT'ING-?.IILL, 77. A machine or engine for sifting 

meal . 
BoLT'ING-TUB, 71. a tub to sift meal in. 
BoLT'-ROPE, n. A rope to which the edges of sails are 

sewed to strengthen them. 
BoLT'-SPRIT. See Bowsprit. 
BO'1-.US, 7!. [L.] A soft mass of any thing medicinal, to be 

swallowed at once, like a pill. 
BOM, 71. A large serpent found in America. 
B6MB, (bum) n. [L. bo7nbus ,• Gr. jSo/ijSof.] 1. A great noise 

2. A large shell of cast iron, round and hollow, wit?-, a veiit 

to receive a fusee, which is made of wood. This being 

fiDed with gunpowder, and the fusee set on fire, the bomb 

is thrown from a mortar, in such a direction as to fall into 

a fort, city, or enemy's camp. 3. The stroke upon a bell. 
f BoMB, V. t. To attack with bombs ; to bombard. 
BOMB, V. i. To sound. Ben Jovson. 
BoM'BARD, ?i. \¥r.bombarde.] 1. A piece of short, thick 

ordnance. 2. An attack with bombs ; bombardment. 

Barlow. 3. A barrel ; a drinking vessel ; [O&s.] 
BoSI-BARD', V. t. To attack with bombs thrown from 

mortars. 
BoM-BaRD'ED, pp. Attacked with bombs. 
BoM-BAED-IeR , n. 1. One whose business is to attend 

the loading and firing of mortars. 2. Carabus, a genus of 

insects. 
BoM-BARD'ING, ppr. Attacking with shells or bombs. 
B6M-BaRD MENT, n. An attack with bombs ; the act of 

throwing bombs into a town, fort, or sliip. 
BoM-BaR'DO, 71. A musical instrument of the wind kind, 

much like the bassoon, and used as a bass to the hautboy. 

Encyc. 
BoM-BA-S'iN', 71. A name given to two sorts of stufls, one 

of silk, the other crossed of cotton. 

* EoM'BAST, 77. Originally, a stuff of soft, loose texture, 
used to swell garments. Hence, high-sounding words ; 
an inflated style ; fustian. 

* BoM'BAST, a. High-sounding ; inflated ; big without 
meaning. Swift. 

t E6M-BAST', v.t. To inflate. Bp. Hall. 

Bo]M-BAST'I€, a. Swelled ; high-sounding ; bombast. 

E6MBAST-RY, 7;. Swelling words without much mean- 
ing ; fustian. Swift. 

BoMB'-CHEST, 7i. A chest filled with bombs, or only with 
gunpowder, placed under ground, to make destruction by 
its displosion. 

BOM'BI-AT, 77. A salt formed by the bombic acid and any 
base saturated. Lavoisier. 

BOM'BIC, a. Pertaining to the silk-wonn. 

BOM-BI-La'TION, 72. [Ij.bombilo.] Sound; report, noise. 
Brown. [Little used.] 

BoMB'-KLTCH, ) 71. A small ship or vessel, constructed 

B6IMB'-VES-SEL, \ for throwmg bombs. 

BOM-BYC'I-NOUS, a. [L. bombycinus.] 1. Silken ; made 
of silk. 2. Being of the color of the silk-worm ; trans- 
parent, with a yellow tint. 

BOM'BYX, 7!. [Gr. iSof/i3u|.] The silk-worm. 

Bo'NA-Fi'DE. [L.] With good faith ; without fraud or 
deception. 

Bo-NA-Ro-BA, 7!. [It.] A showy wanton. Shak. 

t BO-NAIR', a. [It. bonai-io.] Complaisant ; yielding. 

BO-Na'SUS, 7i. [LJ A species of 60s, or wild ox. 

BON'-CHTeF, 7?.. [Fr. 6071 chef. ] Good consequence. 

BON CHRETIEN, 71. [Fr.] A species of pear. 

BOND, 7?. [Sax. bond.] 1. Any thing that binds, as a cord, 
a band. 2. Ligament ; that which holds things together. 
3. Union ; connection ; a binding. — 4. In the plural, 
chains, imprisonment ; captivity. 5. Cause of union ; 
cement which unites ; link of connection. 6. An obhga- 
tion imposing a moral duty, as by a vow, or promise, by 
law or other means. — 7. In /«;;•, an obligation or deed, by 
wliich a person binds himself, his heirs, executors, and 
administrators, to pay a certain sum, on or before a future 
day appointed. 

BOND, a. [for bound.] In a state of servitude, or slavery j 
captive. 

BOND, V. t. To give bond for ; to secure payment of, by 
giving a bond. fVar in Disnruise. 

BOND' AGE, n. 1. Slavery, or invr^^Uintary servitude ; cap- 
tivity ; imprisonment ; restraint of a person's Uberty by 
compulsion. 2. Obligation; tie of duty. 

BOND'ED, pp. Secured by bond, as duties. Bonded goods 
are those for the duties on which bonds are given at the 
custom-house. 

BOND'MaID, 7!. A female slave. 

BOND'MAN, 77. A man slave. 

BOND'SER-VANT, n. A slave. 

BOND'SER-VlCE, 71. The condition of a bond-servant .; 
slavery 

BONDSLAVE, 77. A person in a state of slavery. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as RH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



BOO 



BOO 



BONDS'MAN, n. 1. A slave. [O&s.] 2. A surety ; one who 
is bound, or who gives security, tor another. 

BONDS'WOM-AN, or B0ND'-W5M-AN, n. A woman 
slave. Ben Jonson. 

BON'DU€, n. A species of g-uilandina, ornickar-tree 

BONE, n. [Sax. ban.] 1. A firm, hard substance, of a dull 
white color, composing some part of the frame of an animal 
body. 2. A piece of bone, with Qragments of meat adhering 
to it. — To be upon the bones, is to attack. [Little used, and 
vulgar.']— To make no bones, is to make no scruple. 

BONE, V. t. 1. To take out bones from the flesh, as in 
coc kery. Johnson. 2. To put whale-bone into stays. Ash. 

BONES, n. A sort of bobbins, made of trotter bones, for 
weaving lace ; also dice. 

BoNE'- -ACE. n A game at cards. 

BoNE' -a€HE, n. Pain in the bones. Shak. 

BoNE]), pp. Deprived of bones, as in cookery. 

EoNE]), a. Having bones ; used in composition. 

fBoNE'LACE, n. A lace made of linen thread, so called 
because made with bobbins of bone, or for its stiffness. 

BoNE' LESS, a. Without bones ; wanting bones. 

BoNE'-SET, v.t. To set a dislocated bone ; to unite broken 
bones. Wiseman. 

BoNE'-SET, n. A plant ; the thoroughwort. 

BoNE'-SET-TER, n. One whose occupation is to set, and 
restore broken and dislocated bones. 

BoNE'-SET-TlNG, n. That branch of surgery which con- 
sists in replacing broken and luxated bones ; the practice 
of setting bones. 

BoNE'-SPAV-IN, n. A bony excrescence, or hard swelling, 
on the inside of the hock of a liorse's leg. 

BO-NET'TA, n. A sea fish. Herbert. 

BON'FIRE, n. [Fr. bon, and fire.] A fire made as an ex- 
pression of public joy and exultation. 

f BON'GRACE, n. [Fr. bonne, and grace.] A covering for 
the forehead. Beaumont. 

■f BON'I-FY, u. t. To convert into good. Cudworth. 

BO-Nl'TO, n. [Sp.] A fish of the tunny kind. 

jBON'I-TY, 71. Goodness. 

BON'MOT, n. [Fr. hon and mot.] A jest ; a witty repartee. 
This word is not anglicized, and may be pronounced 
bo-mo. 

BON'NET, 71. [Fr. bonnet.] 1. A covering for the head. — 
2. In fortification, a small work with two faces, having 
only a narapet, with two rows of palisades. 

t BON'NET, V. i. To pull off the bonnet ; to make obei- 
sance. Shak. 

BON'NET-PEP-PER, n. A species of capsicum. 

BON'NI-BEL, 71. [Fr. bonne and belle.] A handsome girl. 
Spenser. 

BON'NI-LASS, n. A beautiful girl. Spenser. 

BON'NI-LY, adv. Gayly ; handsomely ; plumply. 

BON'NI-NESS, n. Gayety ; handsomeness ; plumpness. 
[Little used.] 

BON'NY, a. [Fr. bon, bonne.] 1. Handsome ; beautiful. 
2. Gay ; merry ; frolicksome ; cheerful ; blithe.— 3. In 
familiar language, plump. 

BON'NY, n. Among miners, a bed of ore. 

BON'NY-€LAB-BER, n. A word used in Ireland for sour 
buttermilk. It is used in America for any milk that is 
turned, or become thick, in the process of souring. 

BON'TEN, n. A narrow Avoolen stufi". 

Bo'NUM MAG'NUM. [L.] A species of plum. 

Bo'NUS, n. [L.J A premium given for a charter or other 
privilege. 

Bo'NY, a. 1. Consisting of bones 5 full of bones ; pertain- 
ing to bones. 2. Having large or prominent bones ; stout ; 
strong. 

BON'ZE, (bon'zy) n. An Indian priest. 

BOOBY, n. [Bp.bobo.] J. A dunce ; a stupid fellow 5 a 
lubber. 2. A fowl of the pelican genus. 

BOOK, n. [Sax. boc] 1. A general name of every literary 
co"mposition which is printed ; but appropriatehj, a printed 
composition bound ; a volume. 2. A particular part of a 
literary composition ; a division of a subject in the same 
volume. 3. A volume or collection of sheets for writing, 
or in which accounts are kept. — Li books, in kind remem- 
brance ; in favor. Without book, by memory ; without 
reading ; without notes ; without authority. 

BOOK, V. t. To enter, write, or register in a book. 

b0QK-A€-€OUNT', 71. An account or register of debt or 
credit in a book. 

BOOK'BiND-ER, n. One whose occupation it is to bind 
books _ 

BOOK'BlND-ING, n. The art or practice of binding books ; 
or of sewing the sheets, and covering them with leather 
or other material. 

BOOK'CASE, 71. A case for holding books. 

BOOKED, pp Written in a book -, registered. 

BOOK'FUL, a Full of notions gleaned from books ; crowded 
with undigested learning. 

BOOK'ING, jjpr. Registering in a book. 

BOOK'ISH, a. Given to reading ; fond of study ; more ac- 
quainted with books than with men. 



BOOK'ISH-LY, fflJt). In the way of being addicted to Looks 
or much reading. 

BOOK'ISH-NESS, n. Addictedness to books. 

B06k'-KEEP-ER, n. One who keeps accounts, or the aiv 
counts of another. 

BOOK'-KEEP-ING, n. The art of recording mercantile 
transactions in a regular and systematic manner ; the art 
of keeping accounts. 

BOOK'LAND, or BOCK'LAND, n. In old English la^ns. 
charter land, the same as free socage land. 

BOOK'LEARN-ED, a. Versed in books ; acquainted with 
books and literature. 

BOOK'LEARN-ING, 71. Learning acquired by reading ; 
acquaintance with books and literature. 

BOOK'LESS, a. Without books ; unlearned. 

B60K MA-KING, n. The practice of writing and publish 
ing books. 

BOOK'MAN, n. A man whose profession is the study of 
books. 

BOOK'MATE, n. A school-fellow. Shak. 

BQOK'oATH, 7u The oath made on the Book, or Bible. 

b66K'SEL-LER, 71 One whose occupation is to sell books. 

B06K'ST0RE, n What are called booksellers' shops, in 
England, are, in the United States, called bookstores. 
Pickering's Vocabulary. 

BOOK'WoRM, 71. 1. A worm or mite that eats holes in 
books. 2. A student closely attached to books, or addict- 
ed to study. 

BOO'LEY, n. In Ireland, one who has no settled habitation 

BOOM, 7!. [D. boom.] I. A long pole, or spar, run out from 
various parts of a ship, or other vessel, for the purpose of 
extending the bottom of particular sails. 2. A strong iron 
chain, fastened to spars, and extended across a river, or 
the mouth of a harbor. 3. A pole set up as a mark to 
direct seamen. 

BOOM, v.i. [Sax. byma, byme.] 1. In marine language, to 
rush with violence, as a ship under a press of sail. 2. To 
swell ; to roll and roar, as waves. 3. To crj' as the bit- 
tern. 

BOOM'KIN. See Bumkin. 

boon, n. [L. bonus ; Fr. bon ; Norm, boon.] I. A gift ; a 
grant ; a benefaction ; a present ; a favor granted, Addi- 
son. 2. [Dan. 6071.] A prayer, or petition. 

BOON, a. [Fr. bon ; L. bonus.] Gay ; merry ; kind ; boun- 
tiful ; as, a boon companion. Milton. 

BO'OPS, 71. The pike-headed whale. 

BOOR, n. [Sax. gebtir ; D. boer.] A countryman ; a peas- 
ant ; a rustic ; a plowman ; a clown . 

BOOR'ISH, a. Clownish ; rustic ; awkwEird in manners ; 
illiterate. Shak. 

BOOR'ISH-LY, adv. In a clownish manner. 

BOOR'ISH-NESS, 7). Clownishness ; rusticity; coarseness 
of manners. 

f BOOSE, 71. [Sax. bosig, bosg.] A stall or inclosuiefor an 
ox, cow, or other cattle. 

BOOSE, or BOUSE, (booz) v. i. [W. bozi.] To drink hard ; 
to guzzle. [ Vulgar.] 

BOO'SY, (boo'zy) a. A little intoxicated ; merry with liquor. 
[ Vulgar.] 

BOOST, v.t. To lift or raise by pushing : to push up. [A 
common, vulvar word in JSTew England.] 

BOOT, v.t. [Sax. bot, bote.] I. ^To profit; to advantage. 
Hooker. 2. To enrich ; to benefit. [Obs.] Shak. 

BOOT, n. 1. Profit ; gain ; advantage ; that which is giv- 
en to make the exchange equal. 2. To boot, in addilion 
to; over and above. 3. Spoil ; plunder. [See Booty.] 
Shak. 

BOOT, 71. [Fr. botte.] 1. A covering for the leg, made of 
leather, and united with a shoe. 2. A kind of rack for 
the leg, formerly used to torture criminals. 3. A box 
covered with leather in the fore part of a coach. Also, 
an apron or leathern cover for a gig or chair, to defend per- 
sons from rain and mud. This latter application is local 
and improper. 

BOOT, V. t. To put on boots. 

t BOOT'€ATCH-ER, n. The person at an inn whose busi- 
ness is to pull off boots. Sicift. 

BOOT'ED, pp. Having boots on. Dryden. 

BOOT-EE', 71. A word sometimes used for a half or short 
boot. 

BO-o'TES, 71. A northern constellation. 

BOOTH, 71. [W. bwth ; Ir. boith, or both.] A house or shed 
built of boards, boughs of trees, or other slight materials, 
for a temporary residence. 

BOOT'-HOSE, n. Stocking-hose or spatterdashes, in lieu of 
boots. 

BOOT'LEG, n. Leather cut out for the leg of a boot. 

BOOT'LESS, a. Unavailing ; unprofitable ; useless ; with- 
out advantage or success. Shak. 

BQOT'LESS-LY, adv. Without iise or profit. 

BOOT'-TOP-PING, n. The operation of cleansing a ship's 
bottom, near the surface of the water. 

BOOT'- TREE, or BOOT'-LAST, n. An instrument to 
stretch and" widen the leg of a boot. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, C, 1?, long.— FA'R, PALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



BOR 



99 



BOS 



BOOT'Y. n. [Sw. byU ; Dan. bytte.] 1. Spoil taken from an 
enemy' in war ; plunder ; pillage. 2. That which is 
seized by violence and robbery. — To play booty, is to plsiy 
dishonestly, with an intent to lose. 
BO-PEEP', n. The act of looking out or from behind some- 
thing, and drawing back, as children in play, for the pur- 
pose of frightening each other. 

BoR'A-BLE, a. That may be bored. [Little used.] 
BO-RACH'IO, n. [Sp. borracho.] 1. A drunkard. 2. A 
bottle or cask ; [not used,] 

Bo-RAC'I€, a. Pertaining to, or produced from, borax. 

BoRA-CiTE, n. Borate of magnesia. 

Bo'R A-CI-TED, a. Combined with boracic acid. 

Bo EA-€OUS AC ID, The base of boracic acid, partially 
saturated with oxygen. 

B6S A6E, (bur'rage) ?». A plant of the genus borage. 

BOR'A-MEZ, n. The Scythian lamb. Brown. 

Bo'RATE, n. A salt formed by a combination of boracic 
acid with any base saturated. 

Bo RAX, 71. [Russ. ittra.] Sub-borate of soda. 

BOR'BO-RYGM, n. [Gr, /Jop/Sootjy/iOf.] A term in medicine 
for a rumbling noise in the guts. 

BoRD'AGE. See Bordlands. 

BORD'EL, or BOR-DEL'LO, 71. [Fr. bordel ; It. bordello.] A 
brothel ; a bawdy-house ; a house devoted to prostitution. 

BORD'EL-LER, 71. The keeper of a brothel. Oower. 

BORD'ER, 71. [Fr. bord.] The outer edge of any thing ; the 
extreme part or surrounding line ; the confine or exterior 
limit of a country ; the edge of a garment ; a bank raised 
at the side of a garden. 

BORDER, V. i. 1. To confine ; to touch at the edge, side, 
or end ; to be contiguous or adjacent ; with o?t or upon. 
2. To approach near to. 

BORD'ER, t5. f. 1. To make a border; to adorn with a 
border of ornaments. 2. To reach to ; to touch at the 
edge or end ; to confine upon ; to be contiguous to. 3. 
To confine within bounds ■, to limit ; [not used.] 

BORD'ERED, pp. Adorned or furnished with a border. 

BORD'ER-ER, n. One who dwells on a border, or at the 
extreme part or confines of a country, region, or tract of 
land ; one who dwells near to a place. 

BORD'ER-ING, ppr. Lying adjacent to ; forming a border. 

B6RD'-HALF-PEN-NY, n. Money paid for setting up 
boards or a stall in market. Biirn. 

BoRD'-LAND, n. In old Imo, the demain land which a 
lord kept in his hands for the maintenance of his bord, 
board, or table. 

BoRD'-LODE, or BoARD'-LoAD, n. The service required 
of a tenant to carry timber from the woods to the lord's 
house. 

BoPcD'-MAN, n. A tenant of bord-land, who supplied his 
lord with provisions. 

T BORD'-RA-GING, n. An incursion upon the borders of a 
country. Spenser. 

BoRD'-SER-ViCE, n. The tenure by which bord-land was 
held. 

BORD'URE, 71. In heraldry, a tract or compass of metal, 
within the escutcheon, and around it, 

BORE, V. t. [Sax. borian.] 1. To perforate or penetrate a 
solid body, and make around hole. 2. To eat out or make 
a hollow by gnawing or corroding, as a worm. 3. To pen- 
etrate or break through by turning or labor. 

BORE, V. i. 1. To be pierced or penetrated by an instru- 
ment that turns. 2. To pierce or enter by boring. 3. To 
push forward toward a certain point. — 4. With horsemen, 
a horse bores, when he carries his nose to the ground. — 5. 
In a transitive or intransitive sense, to pierce the earth 
with scooping irons, which, when drawn out, bring with 
them samples of the different stratums, through which 
they pass. This is a method of discovering veins of ore 
and coal without opening a mine. 

BORE, 77. 1. The hole made by boring ; the cavity or hollow 
of a gun, or other fire-arm ; the caliber. 2. Any instrument 
for making holes by boring or turning, as an auger, gimblet 
or wimble. 3. Any thing tedious is called a bore. 

BORE, n. A tide swelling above another tide. 

BORE, pret. of bear. See Bear. 

BoRE'-COLE, n. A species of cabbage. 

Bo'RE-AL, a. [L. borealis.] Northern ; pertaining to the 
north or the north wind. Pope. 

Bo'RE-AS, n. [L.] The northern wind ; a cold, northerly 
wind. 

BoRED, pp. Perforated by an auger or other turning instru- 
ment ; made hollow. 

BO-REE', n. [Fr.] A certain dance. 

BOR'ER, 71. 1. One who bores ; also, an instrument to make 
holes with by turning. 2. Terebella, the piercer, a genus 
of sea worms, that pierce wood. 

BORN, pp. of bear. Brought forth, as an animal. — To be 
born, is to be produced, or brought into life. 

BoRNE, pp. of bear. Carried j conveyed ; supported ; de- 
frayed. 

BoRNE, n. The more correct orthography of bourn, a limit 
or boimdary. See Bourn. 



Bo'RON, 71. The combustible base of boracic acid. 

BoR'OUGH, (bur'ro) n. [Goth, tairgs ; Sax. burg, burh ; 
Fr. bnnrg.] Originally, a fortified city or town. At;jreo- 
e7it, the name is given, ap,propriatcly, to such town^ and 
villages as send representatives or burgesses to parlia- 
ment. 

BoR'OUGH, rbur'ro) n. [Sax. borlioe.] In Saxon times, a 
main pledge, or association of men, who were sureties or 
free pledges to the king for the good behavior of each 
other. — In Connecticut, this word, borough, is used for a 
town, or a part of a town, or a village, incorporated with 
certain privileges. — In Scotland, a borough is a body cor- 
porate, consisting of the inhabitants of a certain district. 

Borough English is a customary descent of lands and tene- 
ments to the youngest son, instead of the eldest. 

Borough-head, the same as head-borough, the chief of a bor- 
ough. 

BoR'OUGH-H6LD-ER, n. A head-borough ; a borsholder. 

B6R'0UGH-MAS-TER, n. The mayor, governor or bailiff 
of a borough, .^sh. 

BOR-RACH'IO, n. The caoutchouc, India rubber, or elastic 
gum. See Caoutchouc. 

t BOR'REL, a. Rustic, rude. Spenser. 

BOR'REL-ISTS, ?i. In church history, a sect of Christians in 
Holland, so called from Barrel. 

BOR'RoW, V. t. [Sax. borgian.] 1. To take from another 
by request and consent, with a view to use the thing 
taken for a time, and return it. 2. To take from another, 
for one's own use ; to copy or select from the writings of 
another author. 3. To take or adopt for one's oMm use, 
sentunents, principles, doctrines and the like. 4. To take 
for use something that belongs to another ; to assume, 
copy or imitate. 

t BOR'RoW, n. A borrowing ; the act of borrowing. 

BOR'RoWED, ^^'^ Taken by consent of another, to be re- 
turned, or its equivalent, in kind ; copied ; assumed. 

BOR'RoW-ER, «. 1. One who borrows. 2. One who takes 
whatjbelongs to another to use as one's own. 

BOR'RoW-ING, ppr. Taking by consent to use and return, 
or to return its equivalent 5 taking what belongs to an- 
other to use as one's own •, copying ; assuming ; imitat- 
ing. 

BOR'RoW-ING, n. The act of borrowing. 

BORS'HoLD-ER, n. [a contraction of burh's ealdor ] The 
iiead or chief of a tithing or burg of ten men ; the head 
borough. 

EOS, n. [L.] In zoology, the technical name of a genus of 
quadrupeds. 

B0S€'A6E, 71. [Fr. boscage, now bocage.] 1. Wood ; un- 
der-wood ; a thicket. — 2. In old laws, food or sustenance 
for cattle, which is yielded by bushes and trees. 3. With 
painters, a landscape, representing thickets of wood. 

BOSCHAS, n. The common wild duck. 

BOSH, 72. Outline ; figure. Todd. 

BOSK'ET, BOS'aUET, or BUSK'ET, n. [It. boschetto.] In 
gardening, a grove ; a compartment formed by branches 
of trees. 

BOSK'Y, a. Woody ; covered with thickets. 

*BO'S!OM, 7?. [Sax. bosm, bosum.] 1. The breast of a hu- 
man being, and the parts adjacent. 2. The folds or cover- 
ing of clothes about the breast. 3. Embrace, as with the 
aiTOS ; inclosure ; compass. 4. The breast, as inclosing 
the heart ; or the interior of the breast, considered as the 
seat of the passions. 5. The breast, or its interior, con- 
sidered as a close place, the receptacle of secrets. 6. Any 
inclosed place ; the interior. 7. The tender afl;ections ; 
kindness ; favor. 8. The arms, or embrace of the arms. 
9. Inclination ; desire. [JSfoi used.] — Bosom, in composi- 
tion, implies intimacy, affection and confidence ; as, a 
bosom-friend. 

Bo'SOM, V. t. 1. To inclose in the bosom ; to keep with 
care. 2. To conceal ; to hide from view. 

BO'gOMED, pp. Inclosed in. the breast ; concealed. 

Bo'SON, n. A boatswain ; a popular, but corrupt pronuncia- 
tion . 

EOS-Po'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to a bosporus, a strait or nar- 
row sea between two seas, or a sea and a lake. 

BOS'PO-RUS, 7!. [Gr. (iov; and Tropo?.] A narrow sea or a 
strait, between two seas, or between a sea and a lake, so 
called, it is supposed, as being an ox-passage, a strait over 
which an ox may swim. The term has been particularly 
applied to the strait between the Propontis and the Eux- 
ine. 

BOSS, 71. [Fr. basse.] I. A stud or Knob ; a protuberant 
ornament, of silver, ivory, or other material, used on 
bridles, harness, &c. 2. A protuberant part -, a promi 
nence. 3. A round or swelling body of any kind. 4. A 
water-conduit, in form of a tun-bellied figure. 

BOSS' AGE, n. [Fr.] ]. A stone in a building which has a 
projecture. 2. Rustic work, consisting of stones which 
advance beyond the naked or level of the building. 

BOSSED, pp. Studded ; ornamented with bosses. 

BOSS'IVE, a. Crooked ; deformed. Osborne. 

BOSS'Y. a. Containing a boss ; ornamented with bosses. 



* See ^apsia M5VE, BQQK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this t ObsoUte 



EOT 



100 



BOU 



BOS'TEY-€HITE n, [Gr. l3oaTpvx°s ] A gem in the form 
of a lock of hair. ~35fe. 

BOS'VELj 71. A plant, a species of crowfoot 

BOT. See Bots. 

t BO-TAN'I€, n. One who is skilled in botany. 

BO-TAN'I€, I a. Pertaining to botany ; relating to 

BO-TAX'I-€AL, \ plants in general ; also, containing 
plants. 

BO-TAN'I-€AJ)-Ly, adv. According to the system of bot- 
any. 

BOT'A-NIST, 71. One skilled in botany ; one versed in tlie 
knowledge of plants or vegetables. 

BOT'A-XiZE, V. i. To seek for plants ; to investigate the 
vegetable kiagdom ; to study plants. J^iebuhr, Trans. 

B0T-A-N0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. ^oravrj and \oyoi.'\ A dis- 
course upon plants. 

BOT-A-NOM'AN-CY, n. [Gr. ^oravrj and fiavTSia.] An an- 
cient species of divination by means of plants. 

BOT'A-NY, n. [Gr. (^oravrj.] That branch of natural histo- 
ry which treats of vegetables. 

BO-TaR'GO, n. [Sp.] A relishing sort of food, made of the 
roes of the mullet. 

BOTCH, 71. [It. boiza.'\ 1. A swelling on tlie skin j a large 
ulcerous affection. 2. A patch, or the part of a garment 
patched or mended in a clumsy manner ; ill-finished work 
in mending. 3. That which resembles a botch ; a part 
added clumsUy ; adventitious or ill-applied words. 

BOTCH, V. t. 1. To mend or patch in a clumsy manner, as 
a garment. Hudibras. 2. To put together unsuitably, or 
unskilfully ; to make use of unsuitable pieces. 3. To 
mark with botches. 

BOTCHED, pp. Patched clumsily •, mended unskilfully ; 
marked with botches. 

BOTCH'ER, 7!. A clumsy workman at mending ; a m-ender 
of old clothes, whether a tailor or cobbler. 

t BOTCH'ER-LY, a. Clumsy ; patched. 

t BOTCH'ER-Y. n. A clumsv addition ; patch-work. 

BOTCH'Y, a. Marked with botches ; full of botches. 

BOTE, 72. [The old orthography of boot, but retained in law, 
in composition. See Boot. J 1. In lair, compensation ; 
amends ; satisfaction ; as, man-bote, a compensation for a 
man slain. 2. A privilege or allowance of necessaries, 
used in composition as equivalent to the French estovers, 
supplies, necessaries ; as, house-bote, a sufficiency of wood 
to repair a house, or for fuel. 

BoTE'LESS, a. In vain. See Bootless. 

BO-TET'TO, 7). A small, thick fish of Mexico. 

BoTH, a. [Sax. butu, buticu, or batica.] Two, considered 
as distinct from others, or by themselves ; the one and the 
other. This word is often placed before the nouns with 
which it is connected ; as. He understands how to man- 
age both public and private concerns. Guth. Quintilian, 
p 4. It is often used as a substitute for nouns ; as. And 
Abraham took sheep and oxen, and gave them to Abime- 
lech ; and both of them made a covenant. Gen. xxi. 
Both often represents two members of a sentence ; as, He 
will not bear the loss of his rank, because he can bear the 
loss of his estate ; but he will bear both, because he is pre- 
pared for both. BoUn^brokc on Exile. Both often pertains 
to adjectives or attributes, and in this case generally pre- 
cedes them in construction •, as, He endeavored to render 
commerce loth disadvantageous and infamous. Jdickle's 
Liisiad. 

BOTH'ER. The vulgar pronunciation of pother. See 

BOTH'NI€, or BOTH'NI-AX, a. Pertaining to Bothnia, a 
province of Sweden, and to a gulf of the Baltic sea. 

BO-To'TOE, n. A bird of the parrot kind. 

Bo'TRY-OID, ) a. [Gr. /^o-puj and ett^oj.] Having the 

BO-TRY-OI'DAL, \ form of a bunch of grapes ; like 
grapes. 

B5 TRY-0-LTTE, ti. [Gr. ^or^vs and XtQoj.] Literally, 
grape-stone -, a mineral. 

BOTS, 7!. Generally used in tlie plural. A species of small 
worms found in the intestines of horses. 

BOTTLE, V. [Fr. bouteillc] 1. A hollow vessel of glass, 
wood, leather or other material, with a narrow mouth, 
for holding and can-ying liquors. 2. The contents of a 
bottle ; as much as a bottle contains. 3. A quantity of 
hav m a bundle •, a bundle of hay. 

BOTTLE, r. t. To put into bottles. 

BOT TLE-ALE, 7?. Bottled ale. Shak. 

B0TTLE-€0:S1 PANIOX, or BOT'TLE-FRIEND, n. A 
friend or comjAiuiGn in drinking. 

BOT TLED, pp. 1 . Put into bottles ; inclosed in bottles. 2. 
Having a protuberant belly. Shak. 

BOT'TLE-FLOW-ER. n. A plant, the cyanus. 

BOT TLE-NOSED a- Having an extraordinary large nose. 
Hersey. 

BOT'TLE-S€REW, n. .-^ screw to draw corks out of bot- 
tles. 

BOT'TLING, ppr. Putting into bottles. 

HOT TLING, n The act of putting into bottles and corking. 



BOT'TOM, n. [Sax. botm.] 1. The lowest part of any 
thing. 2. The ground under any body of water. 3. The 
foundation or ground-work of any thing, as of an edifice • 
the base. 4. A low ground a dale ; a valley ; applied, 
in the U. States, to the flat lands adjoining rivers, ^c It 
is so used in some parts of England. Jtlitford. 5 The 
deepest part ; that which is most remote from the view. 
6. Bound ; limit. 7. The utmost extent or depth of cavi- 
ty, or of intellect, whether deep or shallow. 8. The foun- 
dation, considered as the cause, spring or origin ; the first 
moving cause. 9. A ship or vessel. 10. A ball of thread. 
[W. botwin.] 11. The bottom of a lane or alley is the 
lowest end. 12. The bottam of beer, or other liquor, is the 
grounds or dregs. — 13. In the language of jockeys, stami- 
na, native strength. 

BOT'TOM, V. t. 1. To found or build upon ; to fix upon as 
a support. 2. To furnish with a seat or bottom. 3. To 
wind round something, as in making a ball of thread. 

BOT'TOM, V. i. To rest upon, as its ultimate support. 

BOT'TOM-LAJS'DS. See Bottom, JVo. 4. 

BOT'TOMED, pp. Furnished with a bottom ; having a 
bottom. Often used in composition ; as, a fiat-bottomed 
boat. 

BOT'TOM-ING, ppr. Founding ; building upon ; furnishing 
with a bottom. 

BOT'TOM-LESS, a. Without a bottom ; fathomless. 

BOT'TOM-RY, n. The act of borrowing money, and pledg- 
ing the keel, or bottom of the ship, that is, the ship itself, 
as security. 

BOT'TO-NY, 7). In heralary, a cross bottony terminates at 
eacli end in three buds, knots or buttons. 

BOUCHE. See Bouge. 

BoU-cHET', 7?. [Fr.] A sort of pear. 

BOUD, ?!. An insect that breeds in malt or other grain ; call 
ed also a weevil. Diet. 

B(5U6E, (booj) v.i. [Fr. bouge.'] To swell out. [Little 
used.'] 

t BOUGE, 77. Provisions. Jonson. 

BOUGH, (bou) n [Sax. bog, boh, or bogh.} The branch of a 
tree. 

BOUGHT, (bawt) pret. and pp. of buy. See But. 

BOUGHT, (bawt) n. [D. bogt. See Bight.] 1. A twist ; a 
link ; a knot •, a flexure, or bend. Milton. 2. The part 
of a sling that contains the stone. 

BOUGHT'Y, (baw'te) a. Bending. Sherwood. 

BOU-GIk', (boo-jE') 71. [Fr,] In surgery, a long, slender in- 
strument, that is introduced through the urethra into the 
bladder, to remove obstructions. 

BOUIL'LON, (bool'yon) n. [Fr.] Broth ; soup. 

BOUKE, or BOWKE, v. i. To nauseate so as to be ready to 
vomit and to belch. Sometimes pronounced boke. Groee 
Craven dialect. 

BoUL'DER-WALL, v.. [rather bowlder-wall. See Bowt- 
DER.] A wail fauilt of round flints or pebbles laid in a 
strong mortar. 

BoU-LET', n. [Fr. boule.] In the manege, a horse Is so 
called, when the fetlock or pastern joint bends forward, 
and out of its natural position. 

BOU'LI-MY. See Bulimy. 

B6ULT, an incorrect orthography. See Bolt. 

BoUL'TIN, 7!. [Sp. bulto.] In architecture, a molding, the 
convexity of which is just one fourth of a circle. 

BOUNCE, V. i. [D. bonzen.] 1. To leap or spring ; to fly or 
rush out suddenly. 2. To springer leap against any thing, 
so as to rebound ; to beat or thump by a spring. 3. To 
beat hard, or thump, so as to make a sudden noise. 4. To 
boast or bully ; used in familiar speech. 5. To be bold o? 
strong. 

BOUNCE, 7!. ] . A heavy blow, thnist or thump with a large, 
solid body. 2 A loud, heavy sound, as by an explosion. 
3. A boast ; a ttirent ; in low language. 4. A fish ; a spe- 
cies of sgua.il. . or shark. 

BOUN'CER, n. A boaster ; a bully. 

BOUN'CING, ppr. Leaping ; bounding with violence, as a 
heavy body ; springing out ; thumping with a loud noise ; 
boasting ; moving with force, as a heavy, bounding body. 

BOUN'CTNG, a. Stout ; strong ; large and heavy ; a cus- 
tomary sense in the United States ; as, a bouncing lass. 

BOUN'CING-LY, adv. Eoastingly. 

BOUND, 7!. [Norm, bonne, boune.] 1. A limit ; the line 
which comprehends the whole of any given object or 
space. 2. A limit by which any excursion is restrained ; 
the limit of indulgence or desire. 3. [Fr. bovdir.] A leap , 
a spring ; a jump ; a rebound. — 4. In dancing, a spring 
from one foot to the other. 

BOUND, V. t. I- To limit ; to terminate ; to r°.strain or con- 
fine. 2. To make to bound. 

BOUND, r. i. [Fr. bondir.] To leap ; to jump ; to spring , 
to move forward by leaps ; to rebound. 

BOUND, pret. and pp. of bind. 1. As a participle, made fasit 
by a band, or by chains or fetters ; obliged by moral ties , 
confined ; restrained. 2. As a participle, or, perhaps, mort' 
properly an adj., destined ; tending ; going, or intending 
to go. — Bound is used in composition, as in ice-bound, 



* See Synopsis a, E, T, 0, U, ^, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BiRD ;— \ Obsolete 



BOW 



101 



BOX 



wind-bound, when a ship is confined or prevented from 
sailing by ice or by contrary winds. 

BOUND' A-E.Y, n. A limit ; a bound ; a visible mark desig- 
nating a limit. 

BOUND-BaI'-LIFF, n. An officer appointed by a sheriff to 
execute process. Blackstone. 

BOUND'ED, pp. Limited ; confined ; restrained. 

BOUND'ENjjj;;. of bind. See Bind, and pp. Bound. 

t BOUND'EN-L\r, ado. In a dutiful manner. 

BOUND'ER, n. One that limits ; a boundary. 

BOUND'ING, ppr. Limiting ; confining ; restraining ; leap- 
ing •, springing ; rebounding ; advancing with leaps. 

BOUND'ING-STONE, or BOUND-STONE, n. A stone to 
play with. Dryden. 

BOUNDLESS, a. Unlimited ; unconfined ; immeasurable ; 
illimitable. 

BOUND'LESS-NESS, n. The quality of being without lim- 
its. 

BOUN'TE-OUS, a. Liberal in charity ; disposed to give 
freely ; generous •, munificent ; beneficent ; free in be- 
stowing gifts. 

BOUN'TE-OUS-LY, adv. Liberally 5 generously ; largely ; 
freely. 

BOUN'TE-OUS-NESS, n. Liberality in bestowing gifts or 
favors ; munificence •, kindness. 

BOUN'TI-FTJL, a. Free to give ; liberal in bestowing gifts 
and favors ; munificent ; generous. 

BOUN'TI-FUL-LY, adv. Liberally ; largely ; in a bountiful 
manner. 

BOUN'TI-FUL-NESS, n. The quality of being bountiful ; 
liberality iii the bestowment of gifts and favors. 

t BOUN'TI-HEDE, or f BOUN'TI-HEAD, n. Goodness. 

BOUN'TY, n. [Fr. bontd.] 1. Liberality in bestowing gifts 
and favors 5 generosity 5 munificence. 2. A premium of- 
fered or given, to induce men to enlist into the public ser- 
vice, or to encourage any branch of industry. 

B5U-aUET, (boo-kd') n. [Fr.] A nosegay ; a bunch of 
flowers. 

fBoURD, n. A jest. Spenser. 

t BoURD'ER, n, A jester. 

BOUR-6EOIS', (bur-joisO n. [Fr.] A small kind of printing 
types, in size between long primer and brevier. 

BOUR'6EON, (bur'jun) v. i. [Fr. boiLrgeon.^ To sprout ; 
to put forth buds ;_to shoot forth as a branch. 

*B6URN, rather BoRNE, n. [Fr. borne.} 1. A bound ; a 
limit. 2. A brook ; a ton'ent ; a rivulet ; [obs.'] 

BoUR'NON-ITE, n. Antimonidi sulphuret of lead. 

BOURSE. See Burse. 

Bouse, or booze, (booz) v. L [Arm. beuzi.} To drink 
freely ; to tope ; to guzzle. [./? vulgar word.} Spenser. 

B5US'Y, (boo'zy) a. Drunken j intoxicated. [Vulgar.] 
Dryden. 

BOUT, 71. [Fr bout.] A turn ; as much of an action as is 
performed at one time ; a single part of an action carried 
on at successive intervals ; essay ; attempt. 

BOUT, 71. ' [It. beuita, or bev2ita.] We use this word tauto- 
logically in the phrase, a drinking-bout. 

BOU-TaDE', 71. [Fr.] Properly, a start ; hence, a whim. 
[Mot English.] Swift. 

BoUTE FEu, 71. [Pr.] An incendiary ; a make-bate. [J\''ot 
English.] _Bacon. 

•f BoU'TI-SaLE, 71. A cheap sale ; or, according to others, 
a sale by a lighted match, during the burning of which a 
man may bid. 

Bo VATE, n. [In law L. bovato.] An ox-gate, or as much 
2and as anox can plow in a year. 

Bo'VEY-€oAL, n. Brown lignite, an inflammable fossil. 

Bo VINE, a. [Low L. bovinus.] Pertaining to oxen and 
cows, or the quadrupeds of the genus bos. 

BOW, v.t. [Sax. bugan,bygan.] 1. To bend ; to inflect. 
2. To bend the body in token of respect or civility. 3. To 
bend or incline towards, in condescension. 4. To de- 
press ; to crush ; to subdue. 

BOW, v.i. 1. To bend ; to curve ; to be inflected ; to 
bend, in token of reverence, respect, or civility ; often 
with doion. 2. To stoop ; to fall upon the knees. 3. To 
sink under pressure. 

BOW, 71. An inclination of the head, or a bending of the 
body, in token of reverence, respect, civility, or submis- 
sion. 

BoW, n. 1. An instrument of war and hunting, made of 
wood, or other elastic matter, with a string fastened to 
each end, to throw arrows. 2. Any thing bent, or in form 
of a cui-ve ; the rainbow ; the doubling of a string in a 
knot ; the part of a yoke which embraces the neck ; &c. 
'3. A small machine, formed with a stick and hairs, which, 
being drawn over the strings of an instrument of music, 
causes it to sound. 4. A beam of wood or brass, with 
three long screws, that direct a lathe of wood or steel to 
any arch. 5. An instrument for taking the sun's altitude 
at sea. 6. An instrument in use among smiths for turning 
a drill ; with turnei-s, for turning wood ; with hatters, for 
breaking fur and wool. 7. Bows of a saddle are the two 
pieces of wood laid archwise to receive the upper part of a 



hoi;se's back, to give the saddle iis due form, and to keep 
it tight. 8. Bow of a ship is the rounding part of her side 
forward, beginning where the planks arch inwards, and 
terminating where they close. 

BoW'-BEaR-ER, n. An under officer of the forest, whose 
duty is to inform of trespasses. 

BoW-BENT, a. Crooked. Milton. 

BoW'-DYE, n. A knid of scarlet color. 

BOW-GRACE, n. In sea language, a frame or composition 
of junk, laid out at the sides, stem, or bows of ships, to 
secure them from injury by ice. 

BoW-HAND, n. The hand that di-aws a bow. 

BoW-LEG, 71. A leg crooked as a bow. Bp. Taylor. 

BoW-LEGGED, a. Having crooked legs 

BoWMAN, n. A man who uses a bow ; an archer. 

BOWMAN, n. The man who rows the foremost oar in a 
boat. 

BoW NET, n. An engine for catching lobsters and craw- 
fish, called also bow-wheel. 

BOW-PIeCE, n. A piece of ordnance carried at the bow 
ofaslup. 

BoW'-SHOT, 7!. The space which an anow may pass when 
shot from a bow. 

BoW'-STRING, 71. The string of a bow. 

BoW-WIN-DOW. See Bay-window. 

fBOWA-BLE, a. Of a flexible disposition. 

BOWED, pp. Bent; crushed; subdued. 

Bowed, pp. Bent ; like a bow. 

BOWELS, n.plu. [G. bauch ; Fr. boyau.] 1. The intes- 
tines of an animal ; the entrails, especially of man. The 
heart. 2. The interior part of any tiling. 3. The seat of 
pity or kindness ; hence, tenderness, compassion ; a 
Scriptural sense. — Boicel, in the singular, is sometimes 
used for gut. 

BOWEL, V. t. To take out the bowels ; to eviscerate ; to 
penetrate the bowels, .dsh. 

BOWEL-LESS, a. Without tenderness or pity. 

BOWER, 71. An anchor canied at the bow of a ship. 

BOWER, 71. [Sax. bur.] 1. A shelter or covered place in a 
garden, made with boughs of trees bent and twined to- 
gether. 2. A bed-chamber ; any room in a house except 
the hall. 3. A country seat ; a cottage. SAe7is«o7ie. 4. A 
shady recess ; a plantation for shade. 

BOWER, V. t. To embower ; to inclose. Shak. 

BOWER, V. i. To lodge. Spenser. 

BOWERS, or BOWRS, n. Muscles that bend the joints 
Spenser. 

BOW'ER-Y, a. Covering ; shading, as a bower ; also, con- 
taining bowers. Thomson. 

BOWET^' I "• ^ yo^"S hawk. .dsh. 

B0WgE,'7;. i. To swell out. See Bouge. 

B0W6E, V. t. To perforate. Ainsworth. 

BOWING, ppr. Bending ; stooping ; making a bow. 

BOWING-LY, adv. In a bending manner. 

BoWL, (bole) n. [Sax. bolla.] 1. A concave vessel to hold 
liquors, rather wide than deep. 2. The hollow part of 
any thing ; as the baicl of a spoon. 3. A basin ; a foun- 
tain. 

* BoWL, n. [D. bol ; Fr. boule.] A ball of wood, used for 
play on a level plat of ground. 

* BoWL, V. i. To play with bowls, or at bowling. 

* BoV/L, V.t. To roil as a bowl ; also, to pelt with emy 
thing rolled. Shak. 

BoWL'DER, V. A small stone, of a roundish form, and of 
no determinate size, found on the sea shore, and on the 
banks or in the channels of rivers, &c., worn smooth or 
rounded by the action of water ; a pebble. 

BoWL'DER-STONE. See Bowlder. 

BoWL'DER-WALL, n. A wall constructed cf pebbles or 
bowlders. 

* BoWL'ER, n. One who plays at bowls. 
BOWLINE, 7?. [Sp. and Port. boHna.] A rope fastened 

near the middle of the leech or perpendicular edge of the 
square sails. 

* BoWL'ING, ppr. Playing at bowls. 
^BoWL'ING, 7i. The act of throwing bowls. Burton. 

* BoWL'ING-GREEN, n. 1. A level piece of ground kept 
smooth for bowling. 2. In gardening, a parterre in a 
grove, laid with fine turf, with compartments of divers 
figures, with dwarf trees ahd other decorations. 

* BoWL'ING-GROUND, n. The same as bowling-green. 
BOWSE, V. i. In scamen^s language, to pull or haul. 
Bowsprit, n. a large boom or spar, which projects over 

the stem of a ship or other vessel, to carry sail forward. 

t BOWSS'EN, V. t. To drink ; to drench. 

BoWYER, n. An archer ; one who uses a bow ; one who 
makes bows. [Little used.] 

BOX, n. [Sax. bor.] 1. A coffer or chest, either of wood 
or metal. 2. The quantity that a box contains. 3. A 
certain seat in a plav-house, or in any public room. 4 
The case which contains the mariner's compass. 5. A 
money chest. 6. A tree or shrub, constituting the genus 
buxus. 7. A Wow on the Iread with the hand, or on tHe 



« See Synopsis MOVE BQOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f OlsoleU. 



BRA 



102 



BRA 



ear with the open hand. 8. A cylindrical hollow iron 
used in v/heels, in which the axle-tree runs. Also, a hoi ■ 
low tube in a pump, closed with a valve. 

BOX, V. i. To fight with the fist ; to combat with the hand 
or fist. 

BOX, V. t. 1. To inclose in a box ; also, to furnish with 
boxes. 2. To strike with the hand or fist, especially the 
ear or side of the head. 3. To rehearse the several points 
of the compass in their proper order. 4. To make a hole 
or cut in a tree, to procure the sap. 5. [Sp. boxar.] To 
sail round. 

BOXED, pp. Inclosed in a box ; struck on the head with 
the fist or hand ; furnished with a box or hollow iron, as 
a wheel. 

BOX'EN, (boks'sn) a. Made of box-wood , resembling box. 

BOX ER, n One who fights with his fist. 

BOX -HAUL, V. t. To veer a ship in a particular manner, 
when it is impracticable to tack. 

BOX'ING, ppr. Inclosing m a box ; striking with the fist ; 
furnishing with a box. 

BOX ING, n The act of fighting with the fist ; a combat 
with the fist. 

BOX'-THORN, 71. A plant, the lycium. 

BOY, n. [Pers. hack ; W. baggen.] A male child ; in gene- 
ral, applied to males under ten or twelve years of age ; a 
lad. Sometimes it is used in contempt for a young man. 

BOY, V. t. To treat as a boy, or rather, to act as a boy. 

BOY'AR, n. A Russian nobleman. See Boiar. 

BOY'AU, (boy'o) n. [Fr.J In fortification, a ditch covered 
with a parapet. 

* BOY'-BLiND, a. Blind as a boy ; undiscerning. 
BOY'ER, n. A Flemish sloop, with a castle at each end. 
BOY'HOOD, n. The state of a boy, or of immature age. 
BOY'ISH, a. Belongmg to a boy ; childish ; trifling ; re- 
sembling a boy in manners or opinions ; puerile. 

BOY'ISH-LY, adv. Childishly •, in a trifling manner. 

BOY'ISH-NESS, n. Childishness 5 the manners or beha- 
vior of a boy. 

BOY'ISM, n. 1. Childishness ; puerility. Drxjden. 2. The 
state of a boy. 

BOYS-PLaY, n. Childish amusement ; any thing trifling. 

BO-Yu'NA, n. A large serpent of America. 

BP. An abbreviation of &isAflj9. 

BRA-BANT'INE, a. Pertaining to Brabant. 

•f BRAB'BLE, n. [D. brabbelen.] A broil ; a clamorous con- 
test ; a wrangle. Shak. 

t BRAB'BLE, v. i. To clamor ; to contest noisily. 

f BRAB'BLER, n. A clamorous, quarrelsome, noisy fellow ; 
a wrangler. Shak. 

■f BRAB'BLING, ppr. Clamoring •, wrangling. 

BRACE, n. [Fr. bras.] 1. In architecture, a piece of timber, 
framed in with bevel joints, to keep tho building from 
swerving either way. 2. That which holds any thing 
tight •, a cincture or bandage. 3. A pair ; a couple ; as, a 
brace of ducks. — 4. In music, a double curve at the begin- 
ning of a stave. 5. A thick strap, which supports a car- 
riage on wheels. 6. A crooked line in printing, coimect- 

ing two or more words or lines ; thus, uq'< [ "• In ma- 
rine language, a rope reeved througli a block at the end 
of a yard. 8. Brace, or brasse, is a foreign measure an- 
swering to our fathom. 9. Harness ; warlike prepara- 
tion. 10. Tension ■, tightness, IL Braces, plu. Sus- 
penders, the straps that sustain pantaloons, &c. 12. The 
braces of a drum are the cords on the sides of it, for 
tightening the heads and snares. 

BRACE, V. t. 1. To draw tight ; to tighten ; to bind, or tie 
close ; to make tight and finn. 2. To make tense ; to 
strain up. 3. To furnish with braces. 4. To strengthen ; 
to increase tension. 5. In marine language, to bring tlie 
yards to either side. 

BRACED, pp. Furnished with braces 5 drawn close and 
tight ; made tense. 

* BRACELET, n. [Fr. brasselet and bracelet.] 1. An or- 
nament for the wrist. 2. A piece of defensive armor for 
the arm. 

BRaCER, n. 1. That which braces, binds, or makes firm ; 

a band or oandage ; also, annor for the arm. 2. An as- 

tringeni; medicine. 
BRACK, 71. [Fr. braque.] A bitch of the hound kind. 
BRACHIAL, a. [L. brachium.] Belonging to the arm. 

Hooper. 
BRACH'IATE, a. In botany, having branches in pairs, de 

cussated, all nearly horizontal, and each pair at right an- 
gles With the next. 
BRACH'MAN, or BRAM'IN, n. A philosopher or priest of 

India. 
BRA-€HYG'RA-PHER, n. A writer in short hand. Gayton. 
BRA-€HYG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. I3paxv5 and Y9^4>V-] "The 

art or practice of writing in short hand ; stenography. 
BRA-€HYL'0-6Y, M. [Gr. /?/ja;^;yj and Xoyoj.] Jn rhetoric, 

the expressing of anything in the most concise manner. 
BRACK, n. fG. bruch ] An opening caused by the parting 

ot any soua oody 5 a breach 5 a broken part. 



BRACK'EN, n. Fern. See Brakb 

BRACK'ET, n. [Fr. braquer.] 1. Among workers in tiTK' 
ber, an angular wooden stay, in form of the knee bent, to 
support shelves, scaffolds, and the like. 2. The cheek of 
a mortar carriage, made of strong plank. — 3. In printing, 
hooks ; thus, [J. 

BRACK'ISH, a. [D. brak.] Salt, or salt in a moderate de- 
gree 5 it is apphed to any water partially saturated with 
salt. 

BRACK'ISH-NESS, n. The quality of being brackish ; salt- 
ness in a small degree. Cheyne. 

t BRACK'Y, a. Brackish. 

BRAC'TE-A, or BRAC-TE, n. [L.] In botany, a. fioial leaf, 
one of the seven fulcrums or props of plants. 

BRAC'TE-ATE, a. Furnished with bractes. 

BilAC'TED, a. Furnished with bractes. Martyn. 

BRAC'l'E-OLE, n. A little bracte. De Candolle. 

BRA€'TE-0-LATE, a. Furnished with bracteoles. 

BRAD, in Sax., is broad, and occurs in names ; as in Brad' 
ford, broadford. 

BRAD,?;. [Arm. bro-ud.} A kind of nail, without a broad 
head, used in tlooi-s and otlier work. 

BRAD'Y-PUS, n. The sloth, which see. 

BRAG, V. i. [W, bragiaw.] To boast ; to display one's aC' 
tions, merits, or advantages ostentatiously 5 to tell boast- 
ful stories. [A loin word.] 

BRAG, n. A boast, or boas'iing ; ostentatious verbal display 
of one's deeds, or advantages ; the thing boasted. 

BRAG, n. A game at cards. Chesterfield. 

BRAG-GA-Do'CIO, 71. A puffing, boasting fellow. 

t BRAG'GARD-ISE, n. Gloriation ; a bragging. 

BRAG'GARD-ISM, n. Boastfulness ; vain ostentation 

BRAG'GART, n. A boaster ; a vain felloAV. Shak. 

BRA:G'GART, a. Boastful ; vainly ostentatious. 

BRAG'GER, n. One who brags ; a boaster. 

BRAG'GET, n. [W. bragawd.] A liquor made by ferment- 
ing the wort of ale and mead. 

BRAG'GING, ppr. Boasting. 

BRAG'GING-LY, adv. Boastingly. 

BRAG'LESS, a. Without bragging or ostentation. Shak. 
[Unusual.] 

t BRAG'LY, adv. Finely •, so as it may be bragged of. 

BRAH-MAN'I€, a. Pertaining to the Brachmans. 

BRAID, V. t. [Sax. brcdan.] 1. To weave or infold three 
or more strands to form one. 2. To reproach. [Obs.] See 
Upbraid. 

BRAID,?!. 1. A string, cord, or other texture, formed by 
weaving together different strands. 2. A start. Sackville 

BRAID, a. Deceitful. Shak. 

BRAIL, ?i. [Fr. brayer.] 1. A piece of leather to bind up 
a hawk's vising.— 2. In navigation, brails are ropes passing 
through pulleys. 

BRAFL, V. t. To brail up, is to haul up into the brails, or to 
tmss up with the brails. 

BRAIN, n. [Sax. brcegan, bregen, bragen.] 1. That soft, 
whitish mass, or viscus, inclosed in the cranium or skull, 
in which the nerves and spinal marrow terminate, and 
which is supposed to be the seat of the intelligent princi- 
ple in man. 2. The understanding. Hale. 3. The affiec- 
tions; fancy; imagination. [Unusual.] Shak. 

BRAIjM, v.t. ]. To dash out the brains. Pope. 2. To con- 
ceive ; to understand. [J\^ot used.] Shak. 

BRaIN ISH, a. Hot-headed ; furious. Shak. 

BRaIN'LESS, a. Without underetanding ; silly ; thought- 
less ; witless. Shak, 

BRaIN'PAN, ?). The skull which incloses the brain. 

ERaIN'SICK, a. Disordered in the understanding ; giddy ; 
thoughtless. Shak. 

BRaIJN'SICK-LY, adv. Weakly ; with a disordered under- 
standing. Shak. 

BRaIN'SICK-NESS, 71. Disorder of the understanding ; gid- 
diness ; indiscretion. 

BRAIT, n. Among jew el e7-s, a rough diamond. 

t BRAKE, pp. of break. See Break. 

BRAKE, ??. [W. b?-7cg.] 1. Brake is a name given to fern, 
or rather to the female fern, a species of cryptogamian 
plants. 2. A place overgrown with brake. 3. 'A thicket ; 
a place overgrown with shrubs and brambles. 4. In the 
U. States, a thicket of canes ; as, a cane-brake. Ellicott. 

BRAKE, n. 1. An instrument to break flax or hemp. 2. 
The handle or lever by which a pump is worked. 3. A 
baker's kneading trough. 4. A sharp bit, or snaflle. 5. 
A machine for confining refractory horses, while the 
smith is shoeing them. 6. That part of the caniage of a 
movable battery or engine which enables it to turn. 7. A 
large, heavy harrow for breaking clods after plowing , 
called also a drasr. 

BRa'KY, a. FuUof brakes ; rough ; thorny. 

BRAM'A, 71. The bream, a fish. See Bream. 

BRAM'A, BRUM'A, or BRAH'MA, n. The chief deity of 
the Indian nations, considered as the creator of all things. 

BRAM'BLE, n. [Sax. brembcl.] The raspberry-bush, or 
blackberry-bush ; a general name of the genus rubus, of 
which there are several species. 



.■ice Si^vovsis. A, F., T, o, U, Y, lung —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;- FIN, ^^L'\RiNE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



BRA 



103 



BRA 



BRAM'BLE-BIJSH, 71. The bramble, or a collection of 
brambles growing together 

BRAM'BLED, a. Overgrown with brambles. 

BRAM'BLE-NET, n. A hallier, or a net to catch burds. 

BRAM'BLING, or BRAM'BLE, n. A bird, a species oifrin- 
gilla, the mountain finch. 

BRAM'BLY, a. Full of brambles. 

BRAIvI'IN, or BRAH'MIN, w. [See Brachman,] A priest 
among the Hindoos and other nations of India. 

BRAM'IN-ESS, or BRAM-IN-EE', m. The wife of a Bram- 
in. 

BRA-MIN'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to the Bramins, or their 
doctrines and worship. 

BRAM'IN-ISM, n. The religion of the Bramins. 

BRAN, n. [W. bran.] The outer coat of wheat, rye, or oth- 
er farmaceous grain, separated from the flour by grinding 

BRAN'-NEW, properly BRAND'-NEW, a. auite new, 
[fire new ;] bright or shining. 

f BRANe'ARD, n. [Fr.] A horse litter. 

BRANCH, 7«. [Fr. brmiche.] 1. The shoot of a tree or other 
plant 5 a limb ; a bough shooting from the stem, or from 
another bmnch or bough. 2. Any arm or extended part 
shooting or extended from the main body of a thing. 3. 
Any member or part of a body or system 5 a distinct ar- 
ticle ; a section or subdivision. 4. Any individual of a 
family descending in a collateral line ; any descendant 
from a common parent or stock. 5. Branches of a bridle, 
two pieces of bent iron which bear the bit, the cross 
chains, and the curb. 6. A warrant or commission given 
to a pilot. Laws of Mass. 7. A chandelier, jlsh. 

BRANCH, V. i. 1. To shoot or spread in branches ; to ram- 
ify, as a plant, or as horns. 2. To divide into separate 
parts or subdivisions, as a mountain, a stream, or a moral 
subject ; to ramify. 3. To speak diff"iisively ; to make 
many distinctions or divisions in a discourse. 4. To have 
horns shooting out. 

BRANCH, V. t. 1. To divide as into branches ; to make 
subordinate divisions. 2. To adorn with needle-work, 
representing branches, flowers, or twigs. 

BRANCHED, pp. Divided or spread into branches ; separa- 
ted into subordinate parts ; adorned with branches 5 fur- 
nished with branches. 

BRANCH'ER, ?i. 1. One that shoots forth branches. 2. A 
young hawk, when it begins to leave the nest and take to 
the branches. 

BRANCH'ER-Y, n. The ramifications or ramified vessels 
dispersed through the pulpy part of fruit. 

BRANCH'I-NESS, n. Fullness of branches. 

BRANCH'ING, ppr. Shooting in branches ; dividing into 
several subordinate parts. 

BRANCH'ING, a. Furnished with branches ; shooting out 
branches. 

BRANCH-I-OS'TE-GOUS, a. [Gr. ^payx^a and ffreyoj.] 
Having gill-covers, or covered gills, 

BRANCH-LEAF, n. A leaf growing on a branch. 

BRANCH'LESS, a. Destitute of branches orshoots ; with- 
out any valuable product ; barren ; naked. 

BRANCH'LET, n. A little branch ; a twig. 

BRANCH'-PE-DUN'€LE, n. A peduncle springing from a 
branch. 

BRANCH'-Pl-LOT, n. A pilot who has a branch, or public 
commission. Laws of Mass. 

BRANCH Y, a. Full of branches ; having wide-spreading 
branches. Pope. 

BRAND, n. [Sax. brand.'] I. A burning piece of wood ; or 
a stick or piece of wood partly burnt. 2. A sword ; noio 
obsolete, unless in poetry. Milton. 3. A thunder-bolt. 
Granville. 4. A mark made by burning with a hot iron, 
as upon a criminal, or upon a cask ; a stigma ; any note 
of infamy. Dryden. 

BRAND, V. t. 1. To burn or impress a mark with a hot 
iron ; as, to brand a criminal, by way of punishment ; or, 
to brand a cask, or any thing else, for the purpose of fixing 
a mark upon it. 2. To fix a mark or character of infamy, 
in allusion to the branding of cruninals ; to stigmatize as 
infamous. 

BRAND'ED, pp. Marked with a hot iron ; stigmatized. 

BR ANDJ -GOOSE, n. A species of anas. 

BRAND ING, ppr. Impressing a mark with a hot iron ; fix- 
ing a stigma or mark of reproach. 

BRAND -IRON, or BRAND'ING-I-RON, 71. An iron to 
brand with. 

BRANDISH, V. t. [Fr. brandir.] 1. To move or wave, as 
a weapon ; to raise and move in various directions ; to 
shake or flourish. 2. To play with ; to flourish.. 

f-BRAND'ISH, 7i. A flourish. B. Jonson. 

BRAND'ISHED, pp. Raised and waved in the air with a 
flourish. 

BRAJVD'ISH-ER, n. One who brandishes. 

BR/ND'ISH-ING, ppr. Raising and waving in the air; 
flourishing. 

f BRAN'DLE, iJ. i. [Fi.br andiller.] To shake. Cotgrave. 

BRAND'LING, n. A kind of worm. Walton. 

BRAND'-NEW, a. auite new ; bright as a brand of fire. 



BRAN'DY, n. [D, kranden.] An ardent spirit, distilled 

from wine. 
BRAN'DY-WINE, 71, Brandy. Wiseman. 
BRAN'GLE, n. [Fr. branler.] A wrangle ; a squabble a 

noisy contest or dispute. Swift 
BRAN'GLE, v. i. To wrangle j to dispute contentiously -, to 

squabble. Swift. 
BRAN'GLE-MENT, 71, Wrangle ; brangle. 
BRAN'GLER, n. One who wishes to quarrel ; a wrangler. 

Kersey. 
BRAN'GLING, 71. A quarrel. Whitlock. 
BRANK, 71. ]. Buckwheat, a species of poii/o-oriTtTTi. 2, In 

some parts of England and Scotland, a scolding-bridle, an 

instrument for correcting scolding women. 
BRANK'UR-SINE, n. [&ranfe,and Li.ursus.] B ear's- breech, 

or acanthus, a genus of plants 
BRAN LIN, 71. A species of fish of the salmon kind 
BRANNY, a. Having tlie appearance of bran ; consisting 

of bran. Wiieman. 
t BRAN SLE, n. A brawl, or dance. Spenser. 
BRANT, 71, A species of anas, or the goose kind ; called al- 
so brent and brand-goose, which see. 
BRANT, a. Steep. Todd. 
BRa'SEN, (bra'zn) a. Made of brass. 
BRASH, a. L Hasty; impetuous; rash. Orose. 2. In 

so7ne parts of J^ew England, used for brittle, as applied to 

timber. Pick. Voc, 
BRA'SIER, (bra'zhur) n. 1, An artificer who works in brass. 

2. A pan for holding coals. 
BRA-SIL'. See Brazil. 
BRASS, 77. [Sax. bras.] 1. An alloy of copper and zink, of 

a yellow color. 2. Impudence ; a brazen face. 
BRASSE, n. The pale-spotted perch. 
BRAS'SI-€A, n. [L.] Cabbage. Pope. 
BRAS'SI-NESS, n. A quality of brass ; the appearance of 

brass. 
BRASS'-PAVED, a. Hard as brass. Spenser. 
BRASS'- VIS-AGED, a. Impudent. 
BRASS'Y, a. 1. Pertaining to brass ; partaking of brass ; 

hard as brass ; having the color of brass. 2. Impudent ; 

impudently bold. 
t BRAST, a. Burst. Spenser. 
I3RAT, n. 1. A child, so called in contempt. 2. Offspring , 

progeny. 
BRAUL, 7?. Indian cloth with blue and white stripes. 
BRA-Va'DO, 71. [Sp. bravata.] A boast, or brag ; an arrO" 

gant menace, intended to intimidate. 
BRAVE, a. [Fr. brave.] 1. Courageous ; bold ; daring j 

intrepid ; fearless of danger. 2. Gallant ; lofty ; graceful , 

having a noble mien. 3. Magnificent ; grand. Denhaw. 

4. Excellent ; noble ; dignified ; but in modern usage it 

has nearly lost its application to things. 5. Gaudy ; 

sliowy in dress. [0Z»5,] Spenser. 
BRAVE, 72. I. A hector ; a mas daring beyond discretion or 

decency. Dryden. 2. A boast ; a challenge • a defiance. 

Shak. 
BRAVE, V. t. 1. To defy ; to challenge ; to encounter with 

courage and fortitude, or without being moved ; to set at 

defiance. 2. To carry a boasting appearance of. Bacon. 
BRAVED, pp. Defied ; set at defiance ; met without dis- 
may, or being moved. 
BRaVE'LY, adv. Courageously ; gallantly ; splendidly ; in 

a brave minner ; heroically. In Spenser, finely ; gaudily, 
BRaV'E-RY, n. 1. Courage ; heroism ; undaunted spirit ; 

intrepidity ; gallantry ; fearlessness of danger. 2. Splen- 
dor ; magnificence ; showy appearance. Spenser. 3. 

Show ; ostentation ; fine dress. Bacon. 4, Bravado ; 

boast. Sidney. 5. A showy person. Spenser. [In the last 

four senses, this icord is nearly antiquated.] 
BRaV'ING, ppr. Setting at defiance ; challenging. 
*BRA'VO, n. [It. and Sp.] A daring villain; a bandit; 

one who sets law at defiance ; an assassin or murderer, 
BRA-Vu'RA, 71. A word of modern application, to such 

songs as require great vocal ability in the singer. 
BRAWL, V. i. [G. brullen'.] 1, To quarrel noisily and in- 
decently, 2, To speak loud and indecently, 3 To roar 

as water ; to make a noise, 
BRAWL, V. t. To drive or beat away 
BRAWL, n. [Norm, braul.] 1. Noise ; quarrel ; scurrility , 

uproar. 2. Formerly, a kind of dance. Shak. 
BRAWL'ER, n. A noisy fellow ; a wrangler. 
BRAWL'ING, 71. The act of quarreling. 
BRAWL'ING-LY, adv. In a quanjelsome manner. 
BRAWN, 7J. [Ij. aprugnus.] 1. The flesh of a boar, or the 

animal. 2. The fleshy, protuberant, muscular part of the 

body. 3. Bulk ; muscular strength. 4. The arm, from 

its muscles or strength. 
t BRAWN, V. t. To render strong. Fuller. 
BRAWNED, a. Brawny ; strong. Spenser. 
BRAWN'ER, 71. A boar killed for the table, 
BRAWN'I-NESS, 7i. The quality of being brawny , 

strength ; hardiness, Locke. 
BRAWN'Y, a. Musculous ; fleshy ; bulky ; having large ^ 

strong muscles ; strong. Dryden. 



* See Synopsis. MoVE. B^QK D6VE -BjILL, UNITE.— €as K ; 6as J ; SasZ ; CH as SH; THasin«Aw, i Obsolete 



BRE 



104 



BRE 



BRAY, V. t. [Sax. bracan.] 1. To pound, beat, or grind 
small. 2. To make a harsh sound, as of an ass. 3. To 
make a harsh, disagreeable, grating sound. 

BRAY, n. 1. The harsh sound or roar of an ass ; a harsh, 
grating sound. 2. Shelving ground. Fairfax. 

fBRAY, n. [W. bre.] A bank or mound of earth. 

BRaY'ER, n. 1. One that brays like an ass. 2. An in- 
strument to temper ink in printing offices. 

BRaY'ING, pp\ Pounding or grinding small ; roaring. 

BRaY'ING, 11. Roar ; noise ; clamour. Smith. 

BRAZE, V. t. [Fr. braser.] 1. To soder with brass. 2. To 
harden to impudence ; to harden as with brass. 

BRa'ZEN, (bra'-zn) a. 1. Made of brass. 2. Pertaining to 
bra,ss ; proceeding from brass. 3. Impudent ; having a 
front like brass. — Brazen age, or age of brass, in mytholo- 
gy, the age which succeeded the silver age. 

BRa'ZEN, v. i. To be impudent ; to bully. 

BRa'ZEN-BROWED, a. Shameless ; impudent. Broion. 

BRa'ZEN-FACE, n. An impudent person ; one remark- 
able for effrontery. Shak. 

BRa'ZEN-FACED, a. Impudent ; bold to excess ; shame- 
less. Dryden. 

BRa'ZEN-LY, adv. In a bold, impudent manner. 

BRa'ZEN-NESS, n. 1. Appearance like brass. 2. Impu- 
dence ; excess of assurance. 

BRa'ZIER. See Brasier. 

* BRA-ZIL', or * BRA-ZIL'-WOOD, ?i. [Port, braza.] Bra- 

zil, or Brazil-wood, or braziletio', is a very lieavy wood, of 
a red color, growing in Brazil, and otJier tropical coun- 
tries. 

BRAZ-IL-ET'TO, n. The same as Brazil-wood. 

BRA-ZIL'IAN, a. Pertaining to Brazil. Barlow. 

BREACH, n. [Fr. breche.] 1. The act of breaking ; or state 
of being broken ; a rupture ; a break ; a gap ; the space 
between the several parts of a solid body, parted by vio- 
lence. 2. The violation of a law ; the violation or non- 
fulfillment of a contract ; the non-performance of a moral 
duty. 3. An opening in a coast. [JsTot usual.] 4. Sepa- 
ration between friends by means of enmity ; difference ; 
quarrel. 5. Infraction ; injury ; invasion ; as, a breach 
upon kingly power. 6. Bereavement ; loss of a friend, 
and its consequent afSistion. 7. A violation of the public 
peace, as by a riot, affray, or any tumult which is con- 
trary to law, and destructive to the public tranquillity, is 
called a breach of the peace. 

BREACH, V. t. To make a breach, or opening. Life of JVel- 
lington. 

BREAD, (bred) n. [Sax. bread.] 1. A mass of dough, made 
by moistening and kneading the flour or meal of some 
species of grain, and baking it in an oven or pan. 2. Food 
in general. 3. Support of life in general ; maintenance. 

t BREAD, V. t. [Sax. brmdan.] To spread. Ray. 

BREAD'-CHIP-PER, n. One who chips bread ; a baker's 
servant ; an under butler. 

BREAD'-CORN, n. Com of which bread is made. 

BREAD EN, (bred'dn) fl. Made of bread. [Littleused.] 

BREAD LESS, a. Without bread , destitute of food. 

BREAD'-ROOM, n. An apartment in a ship's hold, where 
the bread is kept. 

BREAD'STUPF, w. Bread-corn; meal; bread. [Used in 
the United States.] 

BREAD'-TREE, n. The bread-fruit-tree, or artocarpus, a 
tree which grows in the isles of the Pacific ocean. 

BREADTH, (bredth) n. [Sax. breed and bred.] The measure 
or extent of any plain surface from side to side. 

BREADTH'LESS, a. Having no breadth. More. 

* BREaK, v. t. pret. broke, [brake. Obs.] ; pp. broke, or bro- 
ken. [Sax. brmcan, hrecan.] 1. To part or divide by force 
and violence, as a solid substance ; to rend apart. 2. To 
burst or open by force. 3. To divide by piercing or pene- 
trating ; to burst forth. 4. To make breaches or gaps by 
battering, as in a wall. 5. To destroy, crush, weaken, or 
imprJr, as the human body or constitution. 6. To sink ; to 
appall, or subdue ; as, to break the spirits. 7. To crush ; 
to shatter ; to dissipate the strength of, as of an army. 8. 
To weaken, or impair, as the faculties. 9. To tame ; to 
train to obedience ; to make tractable. 10. To make bank- 
rupt. 11. To discard, dismiss or cashier. Swift. 12. To 
crack ; to part or divide, as the skin ; to open, as an apos- 
teme. 13. To violate, as a contract or promise. 14. To 
infringe or violate, as a law, or any moral obligation. 15. 
To stop ; to interrupt ; to cause to cease. 16. To inter- 
cept ; to check ; to lessen the force of. 17. To separate ; 
to part. 18. To dissolve any union, sometimes with off. 

19. To cause to abandon ; to reform, or cause to reform. 

20. To open, as a purpose ; to propound something new ; 
to make a first disclosure of opinions. 21. To frustrate ; 
to prevent. 22. To take away. 23. To stretch ; to strain ; 
to rack. 

Fo break the back, to strain or dislocate the vertebers with 
too heavy a burden ; also, to disable one's fortune. — To 
break bulk, to begin to unload. Mar. Diet. — To break a 
deer, to cut it up at table.— To break faat., to eat the first 
meal in the day, but used as a con:pound wori. — To break 



ground, to plow. — To break ground, to dig ; to open 
trenches. — To break the heart, to afflict grievously. — To 
break a jest, to utter a jest unexpectedly. — To break the 
neck, to dislocate the joints of the neck. — To break off 1 
To put a Sudden stop to ; to interrupt ; to discontinue. 2. 
To sever ; to divide. — To break up. I. To dissolve or put 
an end to. 2. To open, or lay open. 3. To plow ground 
the first time, or after lying long unplowed. 4. To sepa- 
rate. .5. To disband. — To break upon the wheel, to stretch 
and break the bones by torture upon the wheel.— T'o brcxk 
wind, to give vent to wind from the body backward. 

* BREAK, V. i. 1. To part ; to separate ; to divide in two 
2. To burst. 3. To burst, by dasliing against something 
4. To open, as a tumor. 5. To open, as the morning ; to 
show the first light ; to dawn. 6. To burst forth ; to utter 
or exclaim. 7. To fail in trade or other occupation ; to 
become bankrupt. 8. To decline in health and strength ; 
to begin to lose the natural vigor. Swift. 9. To issue out 
with vehemence. Pope. 10. To make way with violence 
or suddenness ; to rush ; often with a particle. 11. To 
come to an explanation. 12. To suffer an interruption of 
friendship ; to fall out. 13. To faint, flag or pant. 

To break away, to disengage itself from ; to rush from ; also, 
to dissolve itself or dissipate, as fog or clouds. — To brmk 
forth, to issue out. — To break from, to disengage from ; to 
depart abruptly, or with vehemence. — To break in, to en- 
ter by force ; to enter unexpectedly ; to intrude. — To 
break loose, to get free by force ; to escape from confine- 
ment by violence ; to shake off restraint. — To break off, 
to part ; to divide ; also, to desist suddenly. — To break off 
from, to part from with violence. — To break out. I. To issue 
forth ; to discover itself by its effects, to arise or spring 
up. 2, To appear in eruptions, as pustules. 3. To throw 
off restraint, and become dissolute. — To break up, to dis- 
solve itself and separate ; as, a company breaks up. — To 
break with, to part in enmity ; to cease to be friends. 

BREaK, 71. 1. A state of being open, or the act of separat- 
ing ; an opening made by force ; an open place. 2. A 
pause ; an interruption. 3. A line in writing or printing, 
noting a suspension of the sense, or a stop in the sentence 
— 4. In a ship, the break of the deck is the part where it 
terminates, and the descent on to the next deck below 
commences. 5. The first appearance of light in the morn- 
ing ; the dawn ; as, the break of day. — 6. In architecture, 
a recess. 

BREaK'A BLE, a. Capable of being broken. 

BREaK'AGE, n. A breaking : also, an allowance for things 
broken, in transportation. 

*BREaK'ER, n. ]. The person who breaks any thing ; a 
violator or transgressor. 2. A rock which breaks the 
waves ; or the wave itself whicn is broken. 3. A pier, 
mound, or other solid matter, placed in a river, to break 
the floating ice. 4. One that breaks up ground. 5. A de- 
stroyer. Micah, ii. 

BREAK 'FAST, (brek'fast) n. 1. The first meal in the day ; 
or the thing eaten at the first meal. 2. A meal, or food in 
general. 

BREAK'FAST, (brek'fast) v. i. To eat the first meal in the 
day. 

BREAK'FAST-ING, (brek'fast-ing) ppr. Eating or taking 
the first meal in the day. 

BREAK'FAST-ING, n. A party at breakfast. 

*BREaK'ING, ppr. Parting by violence ; rending asun- 
der ; becoming bankrupt. 

BREaK'NECK, n. A fall that breaks the neck ; a steep place 
endangering the neck. Shak. 

tBREAK'PROM-ISE, n. One who makes a practice of 
breaking his promise. 

t BREAK' VOW, n. One who habitually breaks his vows 
Shak. 

BREaK'WA-TER, n. 1. The hull of an old vessel sunk at 
tlie entrance of a harbor, to break or diminish the force of 
the waves, to secure the vessels in harbor. 2. A small 
buoy fastened to a large one, when the rope of the latter 
is not long enough to reach the surface of the water. 3. A 
mole, at the mouth of a harbor, intended to break the force 
of the waves. 

BReAM, n. [Fr. brenie.] A fish, the cypi-inus brama, an in- 
habitant of lakes and deep water. 

BReAM, v. t. In sea language, to burn off the filth, such as 
grass, sea-weed, ooze, &c., from a ship's bottom. 

BREAST, (brest) 7!. [&ax. breast.] 1 . The soft, protuberant 
body, adhering to tlie thorax, which, in females, furnishes 
milk for infants. 2. The fore part of the thorax, or the 
fore part of the human body between the neck and the 
belly. 3. The part of a beast which answers to the breast 
in man. 4. Figuratively, the heart ; the conscience ; the 
disposition of the mind ; the affections ; tlie seat of the 
affections and passions. 5. Formerly, the power of sing 
ing. Tusser. 

BREAST, (brest) v. t. To meet in front ; to oppose breast 
to breast. Goldsmith. 

BREAST'BONE, ??. The bone of the breast ; the sternum. 

BREAST'-CASK-ET, n. One of the largest and longest of 



See Synopsis A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete 



BRE 



105 



BRE 



the caskets or strings on the middle of the yard of a 
ship. 

BREAST'-DEEP, a. Breast-high ; as liigh as the breast, 

BREAST'ED, a. Having a broad breast ; having a fine 
voice. 

BREAST'P'AST, n. A large rope to confine a ship sidewise 
to a wharf or key. 

BREAST'-HiGH, (brest'hi) a. High as the breast. 

BREAST'HOOK, n. A thick piece of timber placed directly 
across the 'stem of a ship, to strengthen the fore part, and 
unite the bows on each side. 

BREAST'ING, ppr. Meeting with the breast ; opposing in 
front. 

BREAST'KNOT, (brest'not) n. A knot of ribands worn on 
the breast. 

BREAST'PIN, n. An ornamental pin, fixed in the linen 
near the breast ; sometimes also called a broach, 

BREAST'PLATE, n. 1. Armor for the breast. 2. A strap 
that runs across a horse's breast. — 3. In Jewish antiquity, 
a part of the vestment of the high priest. 

BREAST'PLOW, n. A plow, driven by the breast, used to 
cut or pare turf. 

BREAST'ROPE, n. In a ship, hreastropes are used to fasten 
the yards to the parrels ; now called parreZ ropes. 

BRE AST'- Work, 11. In fortification, a work thrown up 
for defense ; a parapet, which see. 

BREATH, (breth) n. [Sax. hrceth.] 1. The air inhaled and 
expelled in the respiration of animals. 2. Life. 3. The 
state or power of breathing freely •, opposed to a state of 
exhaustion from violent action. 4. Respite ; pause ; time 
to breathe. 5. Breeze ; air in gentle motion. 6. A single 
respiration. 7. An instant ; the time of a single respira- 
tion ; a single act. 8. A word. 

BRf ATH'A-BLE, a. That may be breathed. 

BReATHE, v. i. 1. To respire ; to inspire and expire air. 
Hence, to live. 2. To take breath ; to rest from action. 
3._To pass as air. 

BREATHE, V. t. 1. To inhale as air into the lungs, and ex- 
pel it. 2. To inject by breathing ; to infuse ; followed by 
into 3. To expire ; to eject by breathing ; followed by 
out. 4. To exercise ; to keep in breath. 5. To inspire or 
blow into ; to cause to sound by breathing. 6. To ex- 
hale ; to emit as breath. 7. To utter softly or in private. 
8, [W. brathu, to pierce.] To give air or vent to ; to open. 
9._ To express ; to manifest. 

BREATHED, pj). Inhaled and exhaled ; respired ; uttered. 

BReATH'ER, n. One that breathes or lives ; one that ut- 
ters ; an inspirer ; one who animates or infuses by inspira- 
tion. 

BREATH EUL, (breth'ful) a. Full of breath ; full of odor. 

BReATH'ING, ppr. I. Respiring ; living ; uttering. 2. a. 
Exhibiting to the life. 

BReATH'ING, n. 1. Respiration ; the act of inhaling and 
exhaling air. 2. Aspiration ; secret prayer. 3. Breathing- 
place ; vent 4. Accent ; aspiration. 

BReATH'ING-PLACE, 71. 1. A pause. 2. A vent. 

BReATH'ING-TIME, ft. Paivse ; relaxation. 

BREATH'LESS, (breth'les) a. 1. Being out of breath ; spent 
with labor or violent action. 2. Dead. 

BREATH'LESS-NESS, n. The state of being exhausted of 
breath. 

BRE€'CIA, n. [It.] In mineralogy, an aggregate composed 
of angular fragments of the same mineral, or of different 
minerals, united by a cement, and presenting a variety of 
colors. 

BRE0CIA-TED, a. Consisting of angular fragments, ce- 
mented together. 

BRE€H'ITE, n. A fossil allied to the alcyons. 

BRED, pp. of breed. Generated ; produced ; contrived ; ed- 
ucated. 

t BREDE, n. A braid. .Addison. 

* BREECH, (brich) n. 1. The lower part of the body be- 
hind. 2. Breeches 5 but rarely used in the singular. 3. 
The hinder part of any thing. 

* BREECH, v.t. 1. To put into breeches. 2. To whip on the 
breech. 3. See Britch. 

BREECH E$, (brich ez) n. phi. [Sax. brae, braccae.] A 
garment worn by men, covering the hips and thighs. — To 
wear the breeches is, in the wife, to usurp the authority of 
the husband, 

BREECH'ING, (brich'ing) ppr. 1. Furnishing with breeches, 
or with a breech. 2. Whipping the breech ; and, as a 
noun, a whipping, 

BREECH'ING, in gunnery on board of ships. 

BREED, V. t. pret and pp. bred. [Sax. bredan, brcedan.] ]. 
To generate ; to engender ; to hatch •, to produce tlie 
young of any species of animals. Always applied to the 
mother or dam. 2. To produce within or upon the body. 
3. To cause ; to occasion ; to produce -, to originate. 4. 
To contrive •, to hatch ; to produce by plotting. 5. To 
give birth to ; to be the native place of. G. To educate ; 
to instruct ; to form by education 7. To bring no ; to 
nurse and foster ; to take care of in infancy, mid 
through the age of youth ; to provide for, train and 



conduct ; to instruct the mind and form the manners in 
youth. 

BREED, V. i. 1. To produce, as a fetus ; to bear and nour- 
ish, as in pregnancy. 2. To be formed in the parent or 
dam ; to be generated, or to grow, as young before birth 
3. To have birth ; to be produced. 4. To be increased by 
a new production. 5. To raise a breed. 

BREED, n. 1. A race or prcgeny from the same parents or 
stock. 2. A cast •, a kind ; a race of men or other ani- 
mals. 3. Progeny ; ofispiing ; applied to other things than 
animals. 4. A number produced at once ; a hatch ; a brood 

f BREED'-BATE, n. One that breeds or originates quarrels 
Shak. 

BREED'ER, n. 1. The female that breeds or produces, 
whether human or other animal. 2. The person who ed- 
ucates or brings up ; that which brings up. 3. That which 
produces. 4. One who raises a breed ; one who takes 
care to raise a particular breed, or breeds, as of horses or 
cattle. 

BREED'ING, ppr. Bearing and nourishing, as a fetus ; en- 
gendering ; producing ; educating. 

BREED'ING, n. 1. The act of generating or of producing. 
2. The raising of a breed or breeds. 3. Nurture •, educa- 
tion ; instruction ; formation of manners. 4. By way of 
eminence, manners ; knowledge of ceremony ; deport- 
ment or behavior in the external offices and decorums of 
social life. Hence, good breeding is politeness. 

BREEZE, n. [Sax. briosa.] A genus of flies or insects, tech- 
nically called tahanus. 

BREEZE, n. [It. brezza.] 1. A light wind ; a gentle gale. 
2. A shifting wind, that blows from the sea or from the 
land, for a certain time, by night or by (iay 

BREEZE, V. i. To blow gently ; a word common among sea- 
men. Barlow. 

BREEZE'LESS, a. Motionless; destitute of breezes. 

BREE'ZY, a. 1. Fanned with gentle winds or breezes. 2. 
Subject to frequent breezes, Qray. 

BRe'HON, n. In /mA, a judge. 

BRE'IS-LA-KITE, n. A Vesuvian minera.' 

t BREME, a. [Sax. bremman.] Cruel ; sharp Chaucer. 

tBREN, V. t. [Sax. brennan.] To burn. Spenser. 

BREN'NAGE, n. In the middle ages, a tribute or composi- 
tion which tenants paid to their lord, in lieu of bran, which 
thev were obliged to furnish for his hounds. 

t BRENT, or f BRANT, a. [W. bryn.] Steep ; high. 

BRENT, n. 1. A brant, or brand-goose, a fowl. 2. part. 
Burnt J [obs.] See Been. 

BREST, or BREAST, n. In r.rchitecture, the member of a 
column, more usually called torus, or tore. 

BREST'-SUM-MER, n. In architecture, a piece in the out- 
ward part of a wooden building, into which the girders 
are framed. 

BRET, n. A local name of the turbot, cabled also burt or 
brut. 

t BRET'FUL, a. Brimful. Chaucer. 

BRETH'REN, 71. ; plu. of brother. It is used almost exclu- 
sively in solemn and Scriptural language, in the place of 
brothers. See Brother. 

BREVE, n. [It. breve ,• L. brevis.] 1. In music, a note or 
character of time. — 2. In law, a writ directed to the chan- 
cellor, judges, sheriffs or other officers, whereby a person 
is summoned, or attached, to answer in the king's court 
This word, in the latter sense, is more generally written 
brief. 

BRE-VET', n. 1. In the French customs, the grant of a fa- 
vor or donation from the king, or the warrant evidencing 
the grant ; a warrant ; a brief, or commission. More par- 
ticularly, a commission given to a subaltern officer, writ- 
ten on parchment, without seal. 2. A commission to an 
officer which entitles him to a rank in the army above his 
pay. 

BReV'IA-RY, 7!. [Fr. breviaire.] 1. An abridgment ; a 
compend ; an epitome. 2. A book containing the daily 
service of the Romish church. 

BReV'IAT, 71. A short compend ; a summary. 

IBReV'IATE, v. t. To abridge. See Abbreviate. 

BReV'IA-TURE, n. An abbreviation. 

BRE-VIeR', 71. [Fr. breviaire.] A small kind of printing 
types, in size between bourgeois and minion. 

BREV'I-PED, a. [L. brevis and pes.] Having short legs, as 
a fowl. 

BREV'1-PED, n. A fowl having short legs. 

BREVI-TY, n. [L. brevitas.] 1. Shortness ; applied to time. 
2. Shortness ; conciseness ; contraction mto few words ; 
applied to discourses. 

BREW, V. t. [Sax. briwar.] 1. In a general sense, to boil, 
and mix. 2, In a Tnore restricted sense, to make beer, ale; 
or other similar liquor. 3. To mingle. 4. To contrive ; 
to plot. .5. To put in a state of preparation. 

BREW, V. I. 1. To be in a state of preparation ; to be mix- 
ing, forming or collecting. 2. To perform the business of 
brewing or making beer. 

BREW, n. The mixture formed by brewing ; that which is 
brewed. 



* See Synopsis M<!5VE, BOOK, D6VE ^—BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



BRi 



106 



BJRl 



BEFW'AGE, 71. Malt liquor ; drink brewed. 

BREWED, pp. Mixed, steeped, and fermented j made by 
brewing. 

BRKW'EK, n. One whose occupation is to prepare malt li- 
quors ; one wlio brews. 

BR EWER- Y, n. A brew-house ; the house and apparatus 
where brewing is carried on. 

BREW -HOUSE, n. A brewery; a house appropriated to 
brewing. 

BREWING, ppr. 1. Preparing malt liquor. 2. In a state of 
mixing, forming, or preparing. 3. Contriving ; preparing. 

BREWING, n. 1. The act or process of preparing liquors 
from malt and hops. 2. The quantity brewed at once. — 3. 
Among seaiaen, a collection of black clouds portending a 
storm 

BREW' IS, n. 1. Broth ; pottage ; [obs.] 2. A piece of bread 
soaked in boiling fat pottage, made of salted meat. 

BRI'AR. See Brier. 

BRIBE, n. [Ir. breab.] 1. A price, reward, gift or favor be- 
stowed or promised with a view to pervert the judgment, 
or corrupt the conduct of a judge, witness, or other person. 
2. That which seduces. 

BRIBE, v.t. 1. To give or promise a reward or consideration, 
with a view to pervert the judgment, or corrupt the con- 
duct. 2. To gain by a bribe. 

BRiBE'-DE-VOUR'ING, a. Greedy of bribes. 

BRiB'ER, n. One A^ho bribes, or pays for corrupt practices. 

BRiB'ER-Y, n. The act or practice of giving or taking re- 
wards for corrupt practices. 

BRTBE'-WoR'THY, a. Worth bribing to obtain. 

BRI€K, n. [Fr. brique.'] 1. A mtiss of earth, chiefly clay, 
first moistened and made fine by grinding or treading, 
then formed into a long square in a mold, dried and baked 
or burnt in a kiln ; used in buildings and walls. 2. A 
loaf shaped like a brick. 

BRICK, V. t. 1. To lay or pave with bricks. 2. To imitate or 
counterfeit a brick wall on plaster. 

BRI€K'BAT, n. A piece or fragment of a brick. 

BRI€K'-BUILT, a. Built with bricks. Dryden. 

ERI€K'€LAY, n. Clav used or suitable for making bricks, 

BRI€K'DUST, n. Dusv of pounded bricks. 

BRreK'EARTH, n. Cla> or earth used or suitable for bricks. 

BRIOK'KILN, (brik'kil) n. A kiln, or furnace, in which 
bricks are baked or burnt. 

BRICK'LaY-ER, n. One whose occupation is to build with 
bricks ; a mason. 

tBRie'KLE, a. Brittle ; easily broken. 

BRI€'KLE-NESS, 71. Fragility. Barret. 

BRI€K'MA-KER, n. [brick and viake.] One who makes 
bricks, or whose occupation is to make bricks. 

BRICK Work, n. The laying uf bricks, or a wall of bricks. 

BRI€K'Y, a. Full of bricks, or formed of bricks. 

BRiDAL, a. Belonging to a bride, or to a wedding ; nup- 
tial ; connubial. 

BRi'DAL, n. The nuptial festival. Dryden. 

\ BRi-DAL'I-TY, n. Celebration of the nuptial feast. 

BRIDE, 71. [Sax. bryd.^ 1. A woman new married. 2. A 
woman espoused, or contracted to be married. 

f BRIDE, V. t. To make a wife of-, to marry. 

BRiDE'BED, n. The marriage bed. Prior. 

BRiDE'CAKE, n. The cake which is made for the guests 
at a wedding ; called, in the United States, wedding cake. 

BRiDE'CHaM-BER, n. The nuptial apartment, 

BRIDE'GROOM, n. [Originally and properly, bndegoom, 
from the Sax. brydguma, a brideman ; Dan. brudgom ; 
Sw. brudgumnie.] A man newly married ; or a man about 
to be married, 

BRIDE'MAID, n. A woman who attends on a bride at her 
wedding. 

BRTDE'MAN, n. A man who atten-ds upon a bridegroom 
and bride at their marriage. Often pronounced bride^s 
man and bride^s maid. 

BRiDE'STAKE, n. A stake or post set in the ground to dance 
round. B. Jonson. 

BRiDE'WELL, 7i. A house of correction, for the confine- 
ment of disorderly persons ; so called from the palace built 
near St. Bridp.^s or Bridget's well, in London, which was 
turned into a workhouse, 

BRID6E, (bridj) n. [Sax, brie, bricg, brigg.l I. Any struc- 
ture of wood, stone, brick, or iron, raised over a river, 
pond, or lake, for the passage of men and other animals. 
2. The upper part of the nose. 3. The part of a stringed 
instrument of music, over which the strings are stretched. 
— 4. In gunnery, the two pieces of timber which go be- 
tween the two transums of a gun-carriage. 

BRIDGE, v.t. 1. To build a bridge or bridges over. 2. To 
erect bridges on ; to make a passage by abridge or bridges, 

BRIDGED, pp. Covered or furnished with a brrdge. 

BRIDG'ING, p/)r. Erecting a bridge ; building a bridge over, 

tBRIDG'Y, a. Full of bridges, Sherwood. 

BRi'DLE, n. [Sax. bridl, or bridel.] 1, The instrument with 
A^hich a horse is governed and restrained by a rider, 2, A 
restraint ; a curb ; a check, 3, A short piece of cable 
well served, attached to a swivel on a chain, laid in a 



harbor, and the upper end drawn into a ship and secured 
to the bitts, 

BRi'DLE, v. t. 1. To put on a bridle. 2. To restrain, guide 
or govern ; to check, curb or control. 

BRi'DLE, v. i. To hold up the head, and draw in the chin. 

BRi'DLED, pp. Having a bridle on ; restrained. 

BRI'DLE-HAND, n. The hand which holds the bridle in 
riding- Sidney. 

BRi'DLER, 71. One that bridles ; one that restrains and 
governs 

BRi'DLING, ppr. 1. Putting on a bridle ; restraining ; curb- 
ing. 2. Holding up the head, and drawing in the chin. 

BRIeF, a. [Fr. bref j L. brevis.] Short ; concise ; it is used 
chiefly of language, discourses, writings and time. 

BRIeF, n. ]. An epitome ; a short or concise writing. In 
modern times, an apostolical brief is a letter which the 
pope dispatches to a prince, or other magistrate, relating to 
public affairs. — 2, In law, an abridgment of a client's 
case, made out for the instruction of council on a trial at 
law. Also, a writ, summoning a man to answer to any 
action, 3, A letter patent, from proper authority, author- 
izing a public collection or charitable contribution of money 
for any public or private purpose, JSTew England. 4, A 
writing in general, 

BRIeF'LY, adv. Concisely ; in few words, 

BRIeF'NESS, n. Shortness ; conciseness in discourse or 
vvriting. 

BRi'ER, 7(. [Sax, brar ; Ir, b?-iar.] 1, In a general sense, a 
prickly plant or shrub, — 2. In a limited sense, the sweet- 
. brier and the wild-brier, species of the rose, 

BRi'ER-Y, a. Full of briers ; rough ; thorny, 

BRi'ER-Y, n. A place where briers grow, Huloet. 

BRIG, the termination of names, signifies a bridge, or per- 
haps, in some cases, a town, or burg. 

BRIG, 71, [from brigantine.] A vessel with two masts, 
square rigged, or rigged nearly like a ship's mainmast and 
foremast, 

BRI-GaDE', 71. [Fr,J A party or division of troops, orsoldiers, 
whether cavalry or infantry, regular or militia, command- 
ed by a brigadier, 

BRI-GaDE', v. t. To form into a brigade, or into brigades, 

BRI-GaDE'-Ma-JOR, 7!, An officer appointed by the briga- 
dier, to assist him in the management and ordering of his 
brigade, 

BRIG-A-DIeR',7?, [Fr,] The general officer who commands 
a brigade, whether of horse or foot, and in rank next be- 
low a major-general, 

BRIG'AND, 71, [Fr,] A robber ; a freebooter ; a lawless 
fellow, who lives by plunder, 

ERIG'AND-AGE, n. Theft ; robbery ; plunder, 

BRIG'AN-DlNE, n. Anciently, a coat of mail, 

BRIG'AN-TINE, n. [Fr, brigantln.] See Brig. 

BRIGHT, (brite) a. [Sax. beorht, briht byrkt, or bryht.j 
1. Shining ; lucid ; luminous j splendia 2. Clear • t>-ans- 
parent, as liquors. 3. Evident ; clear ; manifest to the 
mind, as light is to the eyes, 4, Resplendant with 
charms, 5, Illuminated Avith science ; sparkling with 
wit, 6. Illustrious ; glorious. — 7, In popular language, 
ingenious ; possessing an active mind. 8. Promising good 
or success, 9, Sparkling ; animated, 

BRIGHT'-BURN-ING, a. Burning with a bright flame, 

BRTGHT'EN, (bri'tn) v.t. 1. To make bright or brighter , 
to make to shine ; to increase lustre, 2, To make lumi- 
nous by light from without, or by dispelling gloom, 3, To 
cheer ; to make gay or cheerful, 4. To make illustrious, 
or more distinguished, 5, To make acute or witty, 

BRiGHT'EN, (bri'tn) v. i. 1. To grow bright, or more 
bright ; to clear up. 2, To become less dark or gloomy, 

BRiGHT'-EYED, (brite'ide) a. Having bright eyes. 

BRiGHT'-HaIRED, a. Having bright hair. 

BRiGHT'-IIaR-NESSED, a. Having glittering armor. 

BRTGHT'LY, (brite'ly) adv. Splendidly ; with lustre. 

BRIGHTNESS, (brite'-nes) 7?. 1. Splendor ; lustre; glit- 
ter. 2. Acuteness, applied to the faculties ; sharpness 
of wit. 

BRiGHT'-SHiN-ING, a. Shining with splendor. 

t BRI-GOSE , a. Contentious, Puller. 

BR'IGUE, (breeg) n. [Fr, brigue.l A cabal ; intrigue ; fac- 
tion ; contention, [Little used.] Chesterfield. 

BR'iGUE, (breeg) v. i. To canvass ; to solicit, [Little used.] 

BRILL'IAN-CY, 71, Splendor ; glitter ; great brightness, 

BRILL'IANT, a. [Fr, brillant.] 1, Sparkling with lustre ; 
glittering, 2, Splendid ; shining ; as, a brilliant achieve- 
ment, 

BRILL'IANT, n. 1. A diamond of the finest cut, formed into 
angles, so as to refract the light, by which it is rendered 
more glittering. 2. In the manege, a brisk, high-spirited 
horse, with a stately carriage, 

BRILL'IANT-LY, adu. Splendidly, Warton. 

BRILL'IANT-NESS, n. Brilliancy ; splendor ; glitter. 

BRILLS, n. The haii on the eyelids of a horse. 

BRIM, 71, [Sax, brymm.] I, The rim, lip, or broad border of 
any vessel or other thing, 2. The upper edge of a vessel, 
whether broad or not, 3, The top of any liquor ; the 



See Synop.-'ls. A, E, I, O, U, 7, long.— FaR FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. 



BRl 



107 



BRO 



edge or that next the border at the top. 4. The edge or 
brink of a fountain ; the verge. 

f BRIM, a. [Sax. bryme.] Public; well known 5 celebrated. 

BRIM, V. t. To fill to the brim, upper edge, or top. 

BRIM, V. i. To be full to the brim. Philips. 

BRIM'FUL, a. Full to the top ; completely full ; as, a glass 
brimful. 

t BRIM'FUL-NESS, n. Fullness to the top. Shak. 

BRIM'LES'S, a. Having no brim. Addison. 

BRIM'MER, n. A bowl full to the top. Dryden. 

BRIM'MING, a. Full to the top or brim. Dryden. 

BRIM'STONE, n. [Sax. bryne, and stone, burn-stone.] Sul- 
phur ; a hard, brittle, inflammable substance, of a lemon- 
yellow color. 

BRIM STO-NY, a. Full of brimstone, or containing it 5 re- 
sembling brimstone 5 sulphurous. 

BRIND'ED, a [It. brinato.] Marked with spots ; tabby ; 
having different colors. Milton. 

BRIN'DLE, n. The state of being brinded ; spottedness. 
Richardson. 

BRINDLED, a. Spotted ; variegated with spots of different 
colors. Addison. 

BRINE, n. [Sax. bryne.] 1. Water saturated or strongly im- 
pregnated with salt. 2. The ocean or sea. 3. Tears, so 
called from thair saltness. 

BRINE, V. t To steep in brine, as corn to prevent smut ; 
also, to mix salt with. Encyc. 

BRiNE'-PAN, n. A pit of salt water, where, by the action 
of the sun, salt is formed by crystalization. 

BRiNE'-PIT, 71. A brine-pan, or a salt spring from which 
water is taken to be boiled or evaporated for making 
salt. 

BRiNE'-SPRING, n. A spring of salt water. 

BRING, V. t. pret. and pp. brought. [Sax. bringan.] I. To 
fetch ; to bear, convey or lead from a distant to a nearer 
place, or to a person. 2. To produce ; to procure as a 
cause ; to draw to. 3. To attract or draw along. 4. To 
cause to come. 5. To cause to come to a point, by moral 
influence. The primary sense is, to lead, draw, or cause 
to come ; the sense of conveying or bearing is secondary. 
Its use is extensive, and, in general, it implies motion 
from a place remote, either in a literal or figurative sense. 

To bring back is to recall, implying previous departure, 
either in a literal or figurative sense. — To bring about, to 
bring to pass ; to effect •, to accomplish ; to bring to the 
desired issue. — To bring forth is to produce, as young or 
fruit ; also, to bring to light ; that is, to make manifest ; 
to disclose. — To bring forward, to cause to advance; to 
produce to view. — To bring in, to import ; to introduce ; 
to place in a particular condition ; to collect things dis- 
persed ; to reduce ; to produce, as income, rent or reve- 
nue ; to induce to join, &:c. — To h-ing off, to bear or 
convey from a distant place ; also, to procure to be ac- 
quitted ; to clear from condemnation ; to cause to escape, 

— To bring on, to cause to begin ; as, to bring on an action ; 
also, to originate or cause to exist ; also, to bear or convey 
from a distance ; also, to -it'^nd, or to aid in advancing. 

— To bring over, to bear acc.jss ; also, to convert ; to draw 
to a new party ; to cause to change sides, or an opinion. 

— To bring out, to expose ; to detect ; to bring to light 
from concealment. — To bring under, to subdue ; to re- 
press ; to restrain ; to reduce to obedience ; also, to bring 
beneath any thing. — To bring up, to nurse ; to educate ; 
to instruct ; to feed and clothe ; to introduce to practice ; 
to cause to advance near ; to bear or convey upwards. — 
In navigation, to cast anchor. — To bring down, to cause to 
come down ; also, to humble or abase. — To bHng to, in 
navigation, to check the course of a ship, by an-anging the 
^ttils in such a manner, that they shall counteract each 
other, and keep her nearly stationary. 

BRING'ER, n. One who brings, or conveys to. — Bringer 
in, the person who introduces. — Bringer up, an instruc- 
tor ; one who feeds, clothes, and educates ; also, one who 
is in the rear of an army. 

BRING'ING, ppr. Bearing to ; conveying ; persuading ; 
causing to come. 

BRING'ING FORTH, n. Production. Shak. 

BRi'NISH, a. Like brine ; salt ; somewhat salt ; saltish. 

BRi'NISH-NESS, n. Saltness ; the quality of being saltish. 

BRINK, n. [Dan. Sw. brink.] The edge, margin or border 
of a steep place, as of a precipice. 

BRi'NY, (bri'ne) a. Pertaining to brine, or to the sea ; par- 
taking of the nature of brine ; salt. 

BRI'O-NY. See Bryony. 

BRISK, a. [W. brysg.] 1. Lively ; active ; nimble ; gay ; 
sprightly ; vivacious. 2. Full of spirit or life ; efferves- 
cing, as liquors. 3. Lively ; burning freely ; as, a brisk 
lire. 4. Vivid ; bright ; [jiot used.] 

t BRISK, V. t. To make brisk. 

BRISK UP, v.t. To make lively ; to enliven ; to animate. 

BRISK UP, V. i. To come up with life and speed ; to take 
an erect, or bold attitude. 

BRISK ET, n. [qu. Fr. brechet.] The breast of an animal ; 
or that part of the breast that lies next to the ribs. 



BRISK'LY, adv. Actively ; vigorously ; with life and 
spirit. 

BRISK'NESS, n. Liveliness ; vigor in action : quickness 
gayety ; vivacity ; effervescence ofjliquors. 

BRIS'TLE, (bris'sl) n. [Sax. bristl.! 1. The stiff, glossy 
hair of swine, especially that growing on the back, used 
for making brushes ; similar hair on other animals. 2. A 
species of pubescence on plants in form of stiff, roundish 
hair. 

BRIS'TLE, v.t. 1. To erect in bristles ; to erect in defiance 
or anger, like a swine. Shak. 2. To fix a bristle. 

BRIS'TLE, V. i. 1. To rise or stand erect. 2. To raise the 
head and strut, as in anger or def ance. In this sense the 
word is common in the United iitates, but generally pro- 
nounced brustle. 

BRIS'TLE-LIKE, a. Stiff as a bristle. 

BRIS'TLE-SHaPED, a. Of the thickness and length of d 
bristle. Marty n. 

BRIS'TLY, (bris'ly) a. Thick-set with bristles, or witt 
hairs like bristles ; rough. Bacon. 

BRIS'TOL-FLOW-ER, n. A species of lychnis. 

BRISTOL-STONE, n. Rock crystal. 

BRIS'TOL-WA-TER, n. The water of a warm spring, near 
the city of Bristol in England. 

BRIT, 71. A fish ; probably a diff'erent orthography of bret, 
or hurt. Carcw. 

BRI-TAN'N1€, a. Pertaining to Britain ; or, in its present 
use to Great Britain. 

BREECH, n. [G. britsche.] The large end of a cannon, or of 
a musket, or other fire arm. 

BREECH, v.t. To fasten with breeching. 

BREECH'ING, n. A strong rope, fastened to the cascabel c: 
pummelion of a cannon. 

BRITE, or BRIGHT, v. i. To be or become over-ripe, as 
wheat, barley or hops. 

BRIT'ISH, a. Pertaining to Great Britain or its inhabitants 
It is sometimes applied to the language of the Welsh. 

BRIT'ON, n. A native of Britain. 

BRITON, a. British. Spenser. 

BRIT'TLE, a. [Sax. brittan.] Easily broken, or easily 
breaking short, without splinters, or loose parts, rent from 
the substance ; fragile ; not tough or tenacious. 

BRIT'TLE-LY, adv. In a brittle manner. 

BRIT'TLE-NESS, n. Aptness to break ; fragility ; opposed 
to toughness and tenacity. 

BRIZE, n. The gad fly. See Breeze. 

BRoACH, n. [Fr. broche.] 1. A spit, and, in some parts of 
the English dominions, an awl, and a bodkin. 2. A mu- 
sical instrument. 3. A clasp or small utensil to fasten a 
vest. [See Brooch.J 4. A start of the head of a young 
stag. 

BRoACH, V. t. [W. prociaw,] 1. To spit ; to pierce, as with 
a spit. 2. To tap ; to pierce, as a cask, in order to draw 
the liquor ; hence, to let out. 3. To open, as a stoi-e ; 
[unusual.] 4. To utter ; to give out ; to publish first • 
to make public what was before unknown. — To broach 
tOj in navigation, to incline suddenly to windward. 

BROACHED, pp. Spitted ; tapped ; opened ; uttered ; first 
published. 

BRoACH'ER, n. A spit ; one who broaches, opens, or ut- 
ters ; a first publisher. Dryden. 

BROAD, (brawd) a. [Sax. brad.] 1. Wide ; extended in 
breadth, or from side to side. 2. Wide ; extensive ; 
vast. 3. Large. 4. Open ; clear ; not covered, confined 
or concealed. 5. Gross ; coarse. 6. Plain ; tending to 
obscenity.. 7. Bold ; not delicate ; not reserved. 8. Com- 
prehensive. — Broad as long, equal upon the whole. 
L^Estrajige. 

BROAD-AX, (brawd'ax) n. Formerly, a military weapon 
In modern usage, an axe for hewing timber. 

BROAD- BACKED, a. Having a broad back. 

BROAD-BLoWN, a. Full blown. Shak. 

BROAD-BREAST-ED, a. Having a broad breast. 

BROAD-BRIMMED, a. Having a broad brim. 

BROAD-CAST, 71. Among farmers, a casting or throwing 
seed from the hand for dispersion in sowing. 

BROAD-CAST, adv. By scattering or throwing at large 
from the hand. 

BROAD-CAST, a. Cast or dispersed upon the ground with 
the' "hand, as seed in sov/ing ; opposed to planting in hills 
or rows. 

BROAD-CLOTH, n. A species of woolen cloth, so called 
from its breadth. 

BROAD'ENj (brawd'dn) v. i. To grow broad. [Unusual.] 

BROAD'-EyED, a. Having a wide view or survey. Shak. 

BR0AD'-FR6NT-ED, a. Having a broad front. 

BROAD-HORNED, a. Havmg large horns. 

BROAD'ISH, a. Rather broad. Russel. 

BR0AD'-LI;AVED, or BROAD'-LEAFED, a. Having Iroad 
leaves. 

BROAD'LY, adv. In a broad manner. 

BROAD'NESS, n. Breadth ; extent from side to side • 
coarseness ; grossness ; fulsomeness. 

BROAD'-PIeCE, 72. A piece of gold coin. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BTILL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH TH i 



iin this t Obsolete, 



BRO 



108 



BRO 



UROAD-SeAL. 71. The great seal of England ; as a verb, 

notused. 
BROAD'-SHoUL-DERED, a. Broad across the shoulders. 

Spectator. 
BROAD'-SIDE, n. 1. A discharge of all the guns on one 

side of a siiip, above and below, at the same time. 2. 

The side of a ship, above the water, from the bow to the 

quarter. — 3. In printing, a sheet of paper containing one 

large page, or printed on one side only. 
nROAD'-SPREx\D-ING, a. Spreading widely. Shak. 
BROAD'-SWoRD, (brawd'sord) n. A sword with a broad 

blade, and a cutting edge. Ash. 
BROAD'-TAILED, a. Having a broad tail. Sandys. 
BROAD'-WISE, ado. In the direction of the breadth. 
BI10-€aDE, ?t. [Sp. firocado.] Silk stuff, variegated with 

gold and silver , or raised and enriched with flowers, foli- 
age, and other ornaments. 
BRO-€aD'ED, ffl 1. Woven or worked, as brocade, with 

gold and silver. 2. Dressed in brocade. 
BE.O-€aDE'-SHELL, n. The trivial name of the conus geo- 

graphicus. 
BRo'€AGE, n. 1. The premium or commission of a broker. 

2 The hire given for any unlawful office. 3. The trade 

of a broker ; a dealing in old things. 4. The business of 

a broker. 5. The act of pimping. Ash. 
BRo'€A-TEL, ) n. [Sp. brocatel.] 1. A calcarious 

8Ro-€ A-TEL'LO, \ stone. 2 A kind of coarse brocade, 

used chiefly for tapestry. 
BROe'€0-LI, n. [It. broccolo.] A variety of cabbage, or 

brjissica. 
BRoCHE. The true, but not the common, orthography of 

broach. 
RROCK, n. [Sax. broc] A badger. 
i;R.O€K'ET, n. A red deer two years old. Bailey writes 

tills brock or brocket. The French write it brocard. 
BRoDE'KIN, 71. [Fi. brodequin.] A buskin or half boot, 
r BROG'GLE, v. i. To fish for eels. 
BRoGUE, (brog) n. [Ir. brog.^ 1. A shoe. 2. A cant word 

for a corrupt dialect or manner of pronunciation. 3. 

Jjrogues is used by Shenstone for breeches, from the Irish 

brog. 
BRoGUE'-Ma-KER, 71. A maker of brogues. 
f BROID, V. t. To braid. See Braid. 
BROID'ER, V. t. [Fr. broder.] To adorn with figures of 

needle-work. 
BROID'ER-ER, n. One that embroiders. 
BROID'ER-Y, n. Embroidery ; ornamental needle-work 

wrought upon cloth. Ticket. See Embroider. 
yROIL, 71. [Fr. brovillerie.] A tumult ; a noisy quarrel ; 

contention ; discord, either between individuals or in the 

state. 
BROIL, V. t. [Fr. brouiller.] To agitate with heat ; to 

dress or cook over coals, or before the fire. 
BROIL, V. i. To be subjected to the action of heat, like 

meat over the fire ; to be greatly heated, or to sweat with 

heat. 
BROILED, pp. Agitated or dressed by heat. 
BROIL'ER, n. One that excites broils ; that which dresses 

by broiling. 
BROIL'ING, ppr. Agitating by heat ; sweating. 
BROKE, V. i. [Sax. bracaji.] To transact business for 

another in trade. 
BROKE, pret. and^^p. of break. 
BRo'KEN, (bro'kn) pp. of break. Parted by violence ; rent 

asunder ; infirm ; made bankrupt. 
BRO'KEN-BA€KED, a. A broken-backed ship is one which 

is so weakened in her frame as to droop at each end. 
BRO'KEN-BEL-LIED," a. Having a ruptured belly. 
BRO'KEN-HEXRT-ED, a. Having the spirits depressed or 

crushed by grief or despair. 
BRo'KEN-LY, adv. In a broken, interrupted manner ; 

without a regular series. Hakeicill. 
BRO'KEN-MEAT, n. Fragments. Swift. 
BRO'KEN-NESS, n. 1. A state of being broken ; uneven- 

ness. 2. Contrition. 
BRo'KEN-WIND, ?i. A disease in horses, which disables 

them from bearing fatigue. 
BRo'KEN-WIND'ED, a. Having short breath, as a horse. 
^Ro'KER, 71. 1 . An agent or negotiator, who is employed 

by merchants to transact business. 2. One who deals in 

old household goods. 3. A pimp or procurer. Shak. 
BRo'KER-A(jE, n. The fee, reward or commission given 

or charged for transacting business as a broker. 
BRaKER-LY, a. Mean ; servile. Jonson. 
t BR6'KER-Y, 71. The business of a broker. Hall. 
BRoK ING, ppr. Transacting business as a broker ; prac- 
ticed by brokers. Shak. 
BROME, 71. [Gr. (if)(i)pos.] A .iquid cf a deep red-brown 

color, very volatile. 
BRoME'-GRASS, 7i. A plant, the bromus. 
BRON€Ha-AL, a. [Gr. ^lioyxoi-] Belonging to the bron- 
chia, or ramifications of the wind-pipe in the lungs. 
BR0N€H'I€, a. The same as bronchial. 



BRON'GHO-CeLE, n. [Gr. jSpoy^off and KriXr).] An en- 
larged thyroid gland ; a tumor on the fore part of the neck, 
called goiter ; the Derbyshire neck. 

BR0N-€H0T'0-MY, 11. [Gr. |8f3oy%of and tojU)?.] An incia- 
ion into the windpipe or lanjnz, between the rings ; call- 
ed, also, tracheotomy . 

BROND, 71. A sword. See Brand. 

BRON-TOL'0-GY, 71. [Gr. (i^ovrn and Xoyog.] A discourse 
or dissertation upon thunder. 

* BRONZ, ) n. [Fr. bronze.] 1. A compound of copper 

* BRONZE, \ and tin, to which other metallic substances 
are sometimes added, especially zink. 2. A color pre- 
pared for the purpose of imitating bronze. — 3. Among an- 
tiquaries, any figure of men, beasts, urns, or other piece 
of sculpture, which the ancients made of bronze. 4. Any 
statue or bust cast of bronze. — 5. Among medalists, any 
copper medal. 

* BRONZE, V. t. 1. To imitate bronze, by means of copper- 
dust or leaf. 2. To color like bronze. 3. To harden. 

* BRONZ'ING, ppr. Imitating bronze. 

* BRONZ'ING, n. The act or art of imitating bronze, by 
means of copper-dust or leaf. 

BRONZ'ITE, 71. A mineral. 

*BRoOCH, (broche) n. [Slav, obrutsh.] 1. An ornamertal 
utensil for fastening the vest, or the bosom of a shirt. 2. 
A jewel. — 3. With painters, a painting all of one color. 

BRoOCH, v.t. To adorn or furnish with brooches or jew- 
els. Shak. 

BROOD, v.i. [Sax. brod.] 1. To sit on and cover, as a 
fowl on her eggs. 2. To sit on ; to spread over, as with 
wings. 3. To remain a long time in anxiety or solicitous 
thought. 4. To mature any thing with care. 

BROOD, V. t. 1. To sit over, cover, and cherish. 2. To 
cherish. 

BROOD, n. [Sax. brod.] 1. Offspring ; progeny. 2. A 
hatch ; the young birds hatched at once. 3. That which is 
bred ; species generated ; that which is produced. 4. The 
actof covering the eggs, or of brooding. [Unusual.] Shak. 

BROOD'ED, pp. Covered with the wings ; cherished. 

BROOD'ING, ppr. Sitting on ; covering and warming ; 
dwelling on with anxiety. 

BROOD'Y, a. In a state of sitting on eggs for hatching , 
inclined to sit. [Unusual.] Ray. 

BROOK, ?(. [Sax. broc, or brooc] A small natural stream of 
water, or a current flowing from a spring or fountain less 
than a river. 

BROOK, V. t. [Sax. brucan.] Literally, to chew or digest. 
To bear 5 to endure ; to support. Dryden. 

t BROOK, V. i. To endure. Sidney. 

BROOK'-LIME, 77. A plant. 

BROOK'-MINT, n. The water mint. 

BROOK'-WEED, n. A plant, water pimpernel. 

BROOK' Y, a. Abounding with brooks. Dyer. 

BROOM, n. [Sax. brum.] 1. A plant of several species, 
called dyer's -weed. 2. A besom, or brush with a long 
handle, for sw'eeping floors. 

BROOM. See Bream. 

BROOM CORN, 7i. A species of holcus, or Guinea-corn, 
bearing a head, of which brooms are made. 

BROOM'ING a s/tij). See Bream. 

BROOM'LAND, 71. Land producing broom. 

BROOM'RAPE, n. A plant, orobanche. 

BROOmIth?!? ' ! "• ^^^ staff or handle of a broom. Swift 

BROOM'Y, a. Full of broom ; containing broom. 

BRoItEN H- ^"^°*- Craven dialect. 

BROTH, 71.' [Sax. broth.] 1. Liquor in which flesh is boiled 
and macerated. 2. In j3 /Merica, the word is often applied 
to foaming water. 

BROTH'EL, 7). [Fr.bordel.] A house of lewdness 5 a house 
appropriated to the purposes of prostitution ; a bawdy- 
house ; a stew. 

BROTH'EL-ER, n. One that frequents brothels. 

BROTH'EL-HOUSE, n. A brothel. 

BROTH'EL-RY, n. Lewdness ; obscenity. 

BRoTH'ER, 71. ; plu. Brothers, or Brethren. [Goth. 
brothar ; Sax. brother, — The common plural is brothers ,■ in 
the solemn style, brethren is used.] 1. A human male, 
born of the same father and mother. 2. Any one closely 
united. 3. One that resembles another in manners.— In 
Scripture, the term brother is applied to a kinsman by 
blood more remote than a son of the same parents. Per- 
sons of the same profession call each other brother. — In a 
7rtore general sense, brother, or brethren, is used for man in 
general. — Brother-german is a brother by the father's and 
mother's side, in contradistinction to a uterine brotherj 
or one by the mother only. 

BRoTH'ER-HOOD, 77. 1. The state or quality of being a 
brother. 2. An association of men for any purpose, as a 
society of monks ; a fraternity. 3. A class of men of the 
same kind, profession, or occupation. 

BRoTH'ER-LESS, a. Without a brother Shak. 



* See Synopsis 



E, T, O, C, Y, long.—YA^, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BtRD ;- 



f Obsolete. 



BRU 



109 



BUG 



BRoTH'ER-LIKE, a. Becoming a brother. Shak 
BRoTH'ER-LoVE, 71. Brotherly affection. F'hak. 
BR6TH'ER-LY, a. Pertaining to brothers ; such as is nat- 
ural for brothers ; becoming brothers ; kind ; affectionate. 

Shakspeare uses this word as an adverb. " I speak but 

brotherly.'^ 
BROUGHT, (brawt) pret. and pp. of bring. See Bring. 
BROW, n. [Sax. brcBw, bruwa.] 1. The prominent ridge 

over the eye, forming an arch above the orbit. — To knit 

the brows, is to frown. 2. The hair that covers the brow, 

forming an arch, called the eye-brow. 3. The forehead. 

Hence, the general air of the countenance. 4. The edge 

of a steep place, as the brink of a river or precipice. 5. A 

fringe of coppice, adjoining to the hedge of a field. 
BROW, V. t. To bound ; to limit. Milton. 
BROW'-ANT-LER, n. 1. The first start that growg on a 

deer's head. 2. The branch of a deer's born next the 

tail, 
BROW'-BeAT, v. t. To depress or bear down with haughty, 

stern looks, or with arrogant Speech and dogmatic asser- 
tions 
BROW'BeAT-EN, (brow'be-tn) pp. Overborne by impu- 
dence. 
BROW'BeAT-ING, ppr. Overbearing with severe brows, 

stern looks, or positive assertions. 
BROW'BeAT-ING, n. A bearing down with stem looks, 

supercilious manners, or confident assertions. 
BROW'BOUND, a. Crowned ; having the head encircled 

as with a diadem. Shak. 
BROW'LESS, a. Without shame. Addison. 
BROW'-PoST, n. Among builders, a beam that goes across 

a building. Encyc. 
tBROW'-SI€K, a. Dejected ; hanging the head. 
BROWN, a. [Sax. brun.] Dusky ; of a dark or dusky color, 

inclining to redness ; but the shades are various. Brown 

results from a mixture of red, black, and yellow. 
BROWN, V. t. To make brown or dusky. Barlow. 
BROWN'-BILL, n. A weapon formerly used by the English 

foot-soldiers. 
BROWNIE, n. A spirit, foolishly supposed to haunt old 

houses in Scotland. 
BROWN'ISH, a. Somewhat brown. 
BROWN'ISM, 71. The doctrines or religious creed of the 

Brown is ts. 
BROWN'IST, 71. A follower of Robert Brown. 
BROWN'NESS, n. A brown color- Sidney. 
BROWN-SPAR, 71. Pearl spar, or sidero-calcite. 
BROWN'-STUD-Y, n. Gloomy study ; dull thoughtfulness, 
BROWN'-WoRT, 71. 1. A plant, prunella. 2. A species 

of scrophularia, the vernalis. 
t BROWN'Y, a. Brown. Shak. 
BROWSE, V. t. [Gr. jSpwo-zcw.] To eat the ends of branches 

of trees and shrubs, or the young shoots. 
BROWSE', V. i. To feed on the tender branches or shoots 

of shrubs and trees, as cattle. 
BROWSE, (brows) n. The tender branches or twigs of trees 

and shrubs, fit for the food of cattle and other animals. 
BROWS'ING, ppr. Feeding on branches, shrubs, or shoots 

of trees. 
BRu'CIA, ) 71. A vegetable alkali, extracted from the 
BRu'CINE, \ bark of the false angustura. 
BRu'CIliiJ, ?!.. A mineral, the chondrodite o/Berzelius. 
BRuISE, V. t. [Sax. brysan.] To crush by beating or 

pounding with an instrument not edged or pointed. 
BRuISE, n. A contusion ; a hurt upon the flesh of animals, 

upon plants or other bodies, with a blunt or heavy instni- 

ment. 
BRUISED, pp. Crushed ; hurt or broken by a blunt or 

heavy instrument. 
BRuIS'ER, 71. 1. A concave too! for grinding the specula 

of telescopes. — 2. In vulgar language, a boxer. 
BRUlSE'WoRT, n. A plant, comfrey. 
BRuIS'ING, ppr. Crushing ; breaking or wounding by a 

blunt or heavy instrument. 
BRuIS'ING, n. In popular language, a beating or boxing. 
t BRuIT, 71. [Fr.] Report ; rumor ; fame. 
fBRuIT, V. t. To report ; to noise abroad. 
BRu'MAL, 71. [L. bruma.'] Belonging to the winter. Brown. 
BRUME, 71. [Fr. brume.] Mist; fog; vapors. [Little used.] 

Barlow. 
t BRUN, or BURN, n. A river or stream. 
KRU-NETTE', ) n. [Fr.l A woman with a brown or dark 
BRU-NET', \ complexion. 
BRUN'ION, 71. [Fr. brugnon.] A sort of fruit between a 

plum and a peach. 
BRUNT, n [Dan. brynde, and brunst.] 1. The heat, or 

utmost violence of an onset ; the strength or violence of 

any contention. 2. The force of a blow ; violence ; shock 

of any kind. 3. A sudden effort. 
BRUSH, /J. [Fr. brosse.] 1. An instrument for cleaning any 

thing of dust and dirt by light rubbing. 2. The larger 

pencils used by painters. 3. Branches of trees lopped off ; 

brushwood ; a sense common in the United States. 4. The 

small trees and shrubs of a wood ; or a thicket of small 



trees. Encyc. 5. A skirmish ; a slight encounter ; also, 
an assault ; a shock, or rude treajSiient, from collision. 6. 
In electricity, the luminous appeaiance of electric matter. 
7. A tail. 

BRUSH, V. t. 1. To sweep or rub with a brush. 2. To 
strike, as with a brush : to strike lighily, by passing over 
the surface, without injury or impression. 3. 'I'o paint 
witli a brush. 4. With off, to remove by brusliing. 5 
To move as a brush ; to pass over with a light contact. 

BRUSH, V. i. 1. To move nimbly in haste ; to move so 
lightly as scarcely to be perceived. 2. To move or skim 
over, with a slight contact, or without much impression 

BRUSHED, pp. Rubbed with a brush ; struck lightly. 

BRUSH'ER, 71. One who brushes. 

BRUSH'ET. See Busket. 

BRUSH'ING, ppr Sweeping or rubbing with a brush , 
striking gently ; moving nunbly in haste ; skinmiing over 
lightly. 

BRUSH'ING, a. Brisk ; light. Encyc. 

BRUSH'LIKE, a. Resembling a brush, .^siat Res. 

BRUSH'WgOD, 71. Brush ; a thicket or coppice of small 
trees and slirubs ; also, branches of trees cut off. Drydcn 

BRUSH'Y, a. Resembling a brush ; rough ; shaggy ; having 
long hair. Boyle. 

BRUSK, a. [Fr. brusque.] Rude ; rough. Wotton. 

BRUS'TLE, (brus'sl) v. i. [Sax. brastlian.] To crackle ; to 
make a small crackling noise ; to rustle, as a silk garment ; 
to vapor, PlS a bully. 

BRUS'TLING, ppr. Crackling; rustling.; vaporing. 

jBRUT, «.i. [Vx.brouter.] To Drowse. Evelyn. 

BRu'TAL, a. 1. Pertaining to a brute. 2 S'\age ; cruel , 
inhuman ; brutish ; unfeeling, like a brute , .merciless. 

BRU-TAL'I-TY, n. Inhumanity ; savageness , churlish- 
ness ; insensibility to pity or shame. 

BRu'TAL-iZE, V. t. To make brutal, churlish, or inhuman. 

BRU'TAL-iZE, v. i. To become brutal, inhuman, or coai-se 
and beastly. Addison. 

BRu'TAL-LY, adv. Cruelly ; inhumanly ; in a coarse, 
churlish, or brutal manner. Arbuthnot. 

BRUTE, a. [Fr. brut.] 1. Senseless ; unconscious. 2. Ir- 
rational ; ferine. 3. Bestial ; in common with beasts. 
4. P.ough ; uncivilized ; insensible. 

BRUTE, n. 1. A beast ; any animal destitute of reason 
2. A brutal person ; a savage in hea; t or manners ; a low- 
bred, unfeeling man. 

t BRUTE, V. t. fSr bruit, to report. 

BRuTE'LY, adv. In a rude manner. Milton. 

t BRuTE'NESS, 71. Brutality. Spenser. 

BRu'TI-Fy, V. t. To make a person a brute , to make 
senseless, stupid, or unfeeling. Congreve. 

BRu'TISH, a. 1. Like a brute or beast. 2. Insensible ; 
stupid. 3. Unfeeling ; savage ; ferocious ; brutal. 4. 
Gross ; carnal ; bestial. 5. Ignorant ; uncivilized ; un- 
taught. 

BRu'TISH-LY, adv. In the manner of a brute ; grossly ; 
irrationally ; stupidly ; savagely. 

BRu'TISH-NESS, n. Stupidity ; insensibility ; brutality ; 
savageness ; the qualities of a brute. 

BRu'TlSM, 71. The nature and characteristic qualities of a 
•brute. 

tBRUT'TING, 71. Browsing. 

BRY'O-NY, 7i.'[L bryonia.] White jalap; a genus of plants 
of several species. — Black bryony is a genus of plants, 
called tamus. 

BUB, n. A cant word for strong malt liquor. Prior. 

t BUB, V. t. To throw out in bubbles. Sackville. 

BUB'BLE, 7?, [D. bobbel.] 1 A small bladder or vesicle of 
water or other fluid, inflated with air. 2. Any thing that 
wants firmness or solidity ; a vain project ; a fraud. 3. 
A person deceived. 

BUB'BLE, v. i. 1. To rise in bubbles, as liquors when boil- 
ing or agitated. 2. To run with a gurgling noise. 

BUB'BLE, v. t. To cheat ; to deceive or impose on. 

BUB'BLER, 71. One who cheats. Digby. 

EUB'BY, n. A woman's breast. Arbuthnot. 

BtJ'BO, n. [Gr. ^ov(3(ov ; L. bubo.] A tumor or abscess 
with inflammation, which rises in certain glandular parts 
of the body, as in the groin, or armpit. 

BU-BON'O-CeLE, 77. [Gr. i8oi;/?a)vand a:»;>j?.] Hernia in- 
guinalis, or inguinal rupture. 

t Bu'BU-KLE, n. A red pimple. Shak. 

BU-BUL'CA, 77. A flat fresh-water fish. 

BUC-A-NEER', ) n. [Fr. boucaner.] Primarily, a bucaneer 

BU€-A-NIeR', \ is said to be one who dries and smokes 
flesh or fish after the manner of the Indians. The name 
was first given to the French settlers in Halt? or Hispan- 
iola, whose business was to hunt wild cattle and swine. 
It was afterwards applied to the piratical adventurers, 
English and French, who combined to make depredations 
on the Spaniards in America. 

BU-€A'0, 71. A species of owl, in the Philippine isles. 

BUCCAL, a. [L. bucca.] Pertainins to the cheek. 

BUe-CEL-I.A'TION, n. [L. buccella, buccea.] The act of 
breaking into large pieces. 



• See Synopsis MOVE BOQK, DoVE ;— BIJLL. UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. \ Obsolete. 



BUD 



110 



BUI 



BU€'CI-NITfi, n. Fossil remains or petrifactions of the 
shells called buccinum. 

BU-CENT'AUR, n The state barge of Venice. 

BU-CEPH'A-LUS, n An animal of the gazelle tribe. 

BU'CE-ROS, n. The hornbill, or Indian raven. 

BUeH'OL-ZITE, n. A mineral. 

BU€K, n. [G. bauche, beuche.] 1. Lye in which clothes 
are soaked in the operation of bleaching ; the liquor in 
which clothes are washed. 2. The cloth or clothes soaked 
or washed in lye. 

BUCK, V. t. [G. beuchen.} To soak or steep in lye, a pro- 
cess in bleaching ; to wash or steep in lye or suds. 

BU€K, n. [Sajc. buc, bucca.] The male of the fallow deer, 
of the goat, the sheep, the rabbit and hare. 

BU€K, V. i. To copulate as bucks and does. 

BU€K '-BASKET, n. A basket in which clothes are carried 
to the wash. Shak. 

BQ€K'BeAN, n. This is properly bogbean. 

BU€KED, pp. Soaked in lye. ^sh. 

BU€K'ET, n. [Sax. buc] The vessel in which water is 
drawn or earned. 

BU€K'ING, ppr. Soaking in lye, in the process of bleach- 
ing ; washing. 

BCJ€K'ING, n. TJtie act or process of soaking cloth in lye for 
bleaching ; also, the lye or liquor ; a washing. 

BU€K'1NG-ST00L, n A washing block. 

BU€'KLE, n. [Ft. boucle.] 1. An instrument made of some 
kind of metal, for fastening togetlier certain parts of dress, 
as the straps of shoes. 2. A curl, or a state of being curled 
or crisped, as hair. 3. In coats of arms, a token of the 
surety, faith and service of the bearer. 

BUe'KLE, V. t. 1. To fasten with a buckle, or buckles. 2. 
To prepare for action ; a metaphor, taken from buckling 
on armor. 3. To join in battle. 4. To confine or limit. 

BU€'KLE, V. i. To bend; tc bow.— T'o buckle to, to bend 
to ; to apply with vigor ; to engage with zeal. — To buckle 
in, to close in ; to embrace or seize the body, as in a 
scuffle; a popular use in .America. — 7'o buckle with, to 
encounter with embrace ; to join in close combat. 

BUfK'LER, n. [W. bwccled.] A kind of shield, or piece of 
defensive armor. 

t BU€K'LER, V. t. To support ; to defend. Shak. 

BU€K'LER-THORN, n. Christ's thorn. 

BU€K'MiiST, n. [buck, that is, beach, and mast.] The mast, 
or fruit of the beach tree. 

BU€K'RAM, n. [Fr. bourrran.] A coarse linen cloth, stif- 
fened with glue. 

BU€K'RAM, a. Stiff; precise. Fulke. 

BU€K'RAMS, n. The same as wild garlic. 

BU€KS'HORN, n. A plant, a species of plantago, or plan- 
tain, called coronopu^. 

BU€K'SKIN, n. The skin of a buck, .ds an adjective, 
)! ade of leather, prepared from the skin of a buck. 

BU€K'STALL, n. A toil or net to take deer. 

BU€K'TH'6RN, n. A genus of plants, called rhamnus, of 
many species. 

BU€K'WHkAT, n. [D. boek-weit.] A plant and a species 
o* grain ; called also brank. 

BU eOL'I€, or B[J-€OL'I-€AL, a. [Gr. ^ovKoXog.] Pas- 
toral. 

BU-€OL'I€, n. 1. A pastoral poem, representing rural af- 
fairs. 2. A writer of pastorals. 

BUD, n. [D. bot.] A gem ; the shoot of a plant ; a small 
protuberance on the stem or branches of a plant, contain- 
ing the rudiments of future leaves or a flower. 

BUD, V. i. 1. To put forth or produce buds or gems. 2. To 
put forth shoots ; to grow as a bud into a flower or shoot. 
3. To begin to grow, or to issue from a stock in the man- 
ner of a bud, cis a horn. 4. To be in bloom, or growing 
like a young plant. 

BUD, V. t. To inoculate a plant ; to insert the bud of a plant 
under the bark of another tree, for the purpose of raising, 
upon any stock, a species of fruit different from that of 
the stock. 

BUD'DED, pp. Put forth in buds ; inoculated. 

BUD'DHISM, n. The doctrines of the Buddhists. 

BUD'DING, ppr. Putting forth buds ; inoculating. 

BUD DLE, n. In mining, a large square frame of boards, 
used in washing tin ore. .dsh. 

BUD DLE, V. i. Among miners, to wash ore. 

BUDGE, V. t. [Fr. and Norm, bouger.] To move off; to 
stir; to wag. In .America, 7r, a g is much used as equiva- 
lent to budire ; but the use of both words is vulgar. 

BUDGE, 71. The dressed skin or fur of lambs. 

BUDGE, a. 1. Brisk; jocund. 2. Surly; stiff; formal; 
[obs.] 

BUDGE'-BACH'E-LORS. A company of men who accom- 
pany the lord mayor of London at his inauguration. 

BUD6E'-B AR-REL, n. A small barrel with only one head, 
used for carrving powder. 

t BUDGE NESS, n. Sternness; severity. 

BUDG'ER, 71. One who moves or stirs from his place. 

BUDG'ET, n. [Ft. bougette.] 1. A bag ; a little sack, with 
its contents. H mce, a stock or store. 2. The papers re- 



iP 



spectmg the finances of the British nation.— TV? open the 
budget, to lay before a legislative body the papers of the 
executive government. 

fBUDG'Y, a. Consisting of fur. 

BUD'LET, n. A little bud springing from a parent bud. 

BUFF, 71. [contracted from buj/alo, or buffskiu.] 1. Buff- 
skin ; a sort of leather, prepared from the skin of the buf- 
falo. 2. A military coat made of bufl'-skin or similar 
leather. 3. The color of buft"; a light yellow. 4. A yel- 
low, viscid substance, formed on the surface of blood 
drawn in inflammatory diseases. Parr. 

BUFF, ?;. t. To strike. See Buffet. 
UFF'A-LO, n. [It. and Sp. bufalo.] The buhalus, a spe- 
cies of the bovine genus. I he name is also applied to 
wild oxen in general, and particularly to the bison of 
North America. See Bison. 

BUFF'EL, n Buffel's-head duck, a bird. 

BUFF'ET, 71 [Ft. buffet.] A cupboard, or set of shelves, for 
plates, glass, china and other like furniture. 

BUFF'ET, n. [It. buff'etto.] A blow with the fist ; a box on 
the ear or face ; a slap. Milton. 

BUFF'ET, V. t. 1. To strike with the hand or fist ; to box ; 
to beat. 2. To beat in contention ; to contend against. 

BUFF'ET, V. i. To exercise or play at boxing. 

BUFF'ET-ED, pp. Struck ; beaten. 

BUFF'ET-ER, n. One who buffets ; a boxer. 

BUFF'ET-ING, ppr. Striking with the hand ; boxing ; con 
tending against. 

BUFF'ET-ING, n. 1. A striking with the hand. 2. Con- 
tention ; attack ; opposition. 

BUFF'IN, 71. A sort of coarse stuff. 

BUF'FLE, n. [Fr.] The buflalo. 

BUF'FLE, V. i. To puzzle ; to be at a loss. Swift. 

BUF'FLE-HEAD, n. One who has a large head. 

BUF'FLE-HEAD-ED, a. Having a large head, like a buf- 
falo ; dull ; stupid ; foolish. 

BUFF'ON, n. The Numidian crane. 

BUF-FOON', n. [Fr. bovffon.] 1. A man who makes a 
practice of amusing others by low tricks, antic gestures 
and postures, jokes and other vulgar pleasantries. A 
droll ; a mimic. 2. He that uses indecent raillery. 

BUF-FOON', V. t. To make ridiculous. 

BUF-FOON ER-Y, n. The arts and practices of a buffoon ; 
low jests ; ridiculous pranks ; vulgar tricks and pos- 
tures. 

BUF-FOON'ING, n. Buffoonery. Dry den. 

BUF-FOON'ISH, a. Like a buffoon ; consisting inlow jesta 
or gestures. 

BUF-FOON'ISM, n. The practices of a buffoon. 

t BUF-FOON 'iZE, v. i. To play the fool, jester, or bufibon- 

BUF-FOON'-LIKE, a. Resembling a buffoon. 

BUF-FOON'LY, a. Consisting of low vulgar tricks. 

BO'FON-lTE, 7!. [L. bufo.] Toadstone. 

BUG, 77. [qu. W. ba^, byran.] The name of a vast multi- 
tude of insects, which infest houses and plants. 

BUG, or BUG'BEaR, n. [W. bwg.] A frightful object ; a 
walking spectre ; any thing imaginary that is considered 
as friglitful. Locke. 

BUG'BEaR, v. t. To alarm or frighten with idle phantoms. 
Archbishop King. 

BU-GEE', n. A species of monkey in India. 

BU-GEL'U-GEY, n. A large species of lizard 

BUG'GER, n. [Fr. bougre.] One guilty of the crime against 
nature. A vile wretch ; a term of reproach. 

BUG'GER-Y, V. The unnatural and detestable crime of 
carnal intercourse of man or woman with a beast ; or of 
human beings unnaturally with each other. Sodomy. 

BUG'Gl-NESS, n. The state of being infected with bugs. 

BUG'GY, a. Abounding with bugs. 

BtJ'GLE, or Bu'GLE-HORN, n. [W. bugail.] I, A hunt- 
ing-horn. Shak. 2. A military instrument of music. 

Bu'GLE, 71. A shining bead of black glass. Shak. 

BtJ'GLE, n. [Ij.bugula, or bugillo.] A genus of plants 
ajuga, of sevei'al species. 

BC'GLE, 7!. [L. bucidus.] A sort of wild ox. 

Bu'GLE-WEED, n. A plant, the lycopus virginicv^. 

BtJ'GLOSS, 71. [L. biiglossus.] A genus of plants. 

BUG'WoRT, 71 A plant, the cimicifuga. 

RUHR STONE, n. A subspecies of silex or quartz. This 
word is often written burr-stone. 

BUILD, ) (bild) v. t. pret. built ; pp. built. The regular 

BILD, ) pret. and pp.,/ i/iWf^Z, is sometimes used. [Sax. 
bijldav.] 1. To frame, construct, and raise, as an edifice. 
2. To raise by art ; to frame or shape into a particular 
form. 3. To raise any thing on a support or foundation. 
4. In Scripture, to increase and strengthen ; to cement 
and knit together ; to settlft^ or establish and preserve. 

BUILD, (bild) V. i. 1. To exercise liit art, or practice the 
business of building. 2. To construct, rest or depend on 
as a foundation. 

BUILD'ER, (bild'cr) n. 1. One who builds ; an architect, a 
ship-wright, a mason, &c. 2. A creator. 

BUILD'ING, (bild'ing) ppr. Framing and erecting ; resting 
on. 



* See S7jnop^s. A, K, I, O, U, "?, long.—FKU, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— PIN, MARtNE, BtRD ;— f Obsolete 



BUL 



111 



BVN 



BUILD'ING, (bild'ing) 71. A fabric or edifice constructed 
for use or convenience, as a house. 

BUILT, (bilf) pp. Framed and raised ; constructed. 

BUILT, (bill) n. I. Form ; shape ; general figure of a 
structure. Dryden. 2. Species of building. 

BUL, n. The common flounder. Chambers. 

BULB, 71. [Gr. ^o'X^os.] A round body, applied to many 
objects. But, in botany, it is appropriately a bud formed 
under ground, upon or near the roots of certain herbaceous 
plants, which are hence called bulbous plants, as the 
onion and lily. 

BULB, V. i. To bulb out, is to project or be protuberant. 
[Little used.] Evelyn. 

BUL-Ba'CEOUS, a. Bulbous. 

BULBED, a. Round-headed. 

BUL-BIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing bulbs. 

BULB'OUS, a. 1. Containing bulbs or a bulb; growing 
from bulbs ; round or roundish. 2. Containing a knob, 
or protuberant part ; swelling out ; presenting rounded 
elevations. 

BUL'CHIN, n. A young male calf. Marston. 

BUL6E, n. A different orthography of bilge. [W. bwlg.] 
The bilge or protuberant part of a cask 5 protuberance. 

BULGE, v.i. 1. To swell out ; to be protuberant. 2. To 
bilge as a ship. See Bilge. 

BULG'ING, ppr. or a Swelling ou* ; bilging, jis an ad- 
jective, protuberant. 

BU'LI-MY, ?i. [Gr. jSouXt|Uto(.] A voracious appetite ; a dis- 
ease in which the patient has a perpetual and insatiable 
appetite for food, and otten faints, if not indulged. 

BULK, 71. [W.bulg.] 1. Magnitudeof material substance ; 
whole dimensions •, size of a thing. 2. The gross ; the 
majority 5 the main mass or body. Sicift. 3. Main fabric. 
4. The whole content of a ship's hold for the stowage of 
goods. 5. A part of a building jutting out. Shak. — To 
break bulk, in seamen^s language, is to begin to unload. — 
Laden in bulk, having the cargo loose in the hold, or not 
inclosed in boxes, bales or casks. 

BULK'-HEAD, n. A partition in a ship, made with boards, 
to form separate apartments. 

BULK'I-NESS, n. Greatness in bulk, size or stature. 

BULK'Y, a. Large; of great dimensions. 

BULL, 71. [G. bull.] 1. The male of the bos, or bovine genus 
of quadrupeds, of which cow is the female. 2. In a Scriptu- 
ral sense, an enemy. 3. Taurus, one of the twtlve signs 
oi'the zodiac. 

BULL, 71. [It. bolla. This name was given to the seal 
which was appended to the edicts and briefs of the pope, 
and, in process of time, applied to the edict itself. Spel- 
man.] 1. A letter, edict or rescript of the pope, published 
or transmitted to the churches over which he is head, 
containing some decree, order or decision. 2. A blunder 
or contradiction. Pope. 

BULL, a prefix, signifies a bull, or large, or having a large 
head. 

BTJLL'-BaIT-ING, n. The practice of baiting or exciting 
bulls with dogs. Addison. 

BULL'-BEEF, n. The flesh of a bull ; coarse beef. 

BULL'-BEG-GAR, n. Something terrible, or frightful. 

BULL'-CaLF, 7i. A male calf; a stupid fellow. 

BiJLL'-DOG, n. A species of dog of a particular form, and 
of remarkable courage. 

BULL'S'-EyE, n. 1. Among seamen, a piece of wood in 
the form of a ring. 2. Aldebaran, a star. 3. A small, 
obscure cloud, portending a great storm. 

BULL'-FACED, a. Having a large face. Dryden. 

BULL'-FEAST. See Bull-fight. 

BtJLL'-FlGHT, n. A combat with a bull ; an amusement 
among the Spaniards and Portuguese. 

BIJLL'-FINCH, 71. A bird of the sparrow kind. 

BULL'-FLY, or BULL'-BEE, 71. An insect. 

BULL'-FEOG, 7i. A large species of frog. 

BULL'-HEAD, n. 1. A genus of fishes, the cottus. 2. A 
stupid fellow ; a lubber. 3. A small, black, water vermin. 

BULL'-TROUT, n. A large species of trout. 

BULL'- WEED, n. Knap weed. Johnson. 

BTJLL'-WoRT, 71. Bishopsweed. Johnson. 

BULL'- ACE, n. 1. The bully-tree, or chrysophyllum, a 
plant. 2. The wild plum. 

BUL-L ANTIC, a. Designating certain ornamental capital 
letters, used in apostolic bulls. It is used also as a noun. 

BULL'A-RY, 71. A collection of papistical bulls. 

BUL'LATE, a. [L. bullatus.] Having elevations, like blis- 
ters. 

BULL'ET, 71. [Fr. boulet.] A ball of iron or lead called also 
shot, used to load guns for killing man or beast. 

BULL'E-TIN, n. [Fr.] 1. An ofiicial report from an officer 
to his commander or superior. 2. An official report of a 
physician respecting the king's health. 3. A little note 
given by a banking company. 4. It is sometimes used 
for a notice, or public announcement. 

* BULL'ION, n. [Fr. billon.] Uncoined gold or silver in 
the mass. 



BUL'LI-RAG, V. t. To insult in a bullying manner. 
BULL'ISH, a. Partaking of the nature of a bull or blunder. 

Milton. 
BULL'IST, n. A writer of papal bulls. Harmar. 
BUL'LlTE, 71. A petrified shell, or the fossil remains of 

shells, of the genus bulla. 
t BUL-Li"TION, 72. [L. bullio.] The act or state of boiling- 
Superseded by ebullition. 
BULL'OCK, 71. [Sax. bulluca.] An ox, or castrated bull. 

"in America, it is applied to a full-grown ox. 
BULL'Y, 71. [Svv. bbla.] A noisy, blustering, overbearing, 

"quarrelsome fellow, more distinguished for insolence and 

empty menaces than for courage. Addison. 
BULL'Y, V. t. To insult and overbear with noise and blus 

"tering menaces. King. 
BULL'Y, V. i. To be noisy and quarrelsome. 
BiJL'RUSH, 71. [bole, or boll, and rush.] A large kind of 

rush, growing in wet land or water. 
BUL'RUSH-Y, a. Made of bulrushes. Huloet. 
t BUL'TEL, 71. A bolter or bolting cloth ; also, bran. 
BUL'WARK, 71. [^w.bolvarck.] 1. In /or«(^catio7i, a bas- 
tion, or a rampart, &c. 2. A fortification ; also, any 

means of defense. 3. That which secures against an 

enemy or external annoyance ; a screen or shelter ; means 

of protection and safety. 
BUL'WARK, V. t. To fortify with a rampart ; to secure by 

a fortification ; to protect. Addison. 
BUM, 71. The buttocks ; the part on which we sit. 
BUM, V. i. To make a noise. Marston. 
BUM-BaIL'IFF, 71. [a corruption of bound bailiff.] In 

England, an under-bailiff. 
BUM^BARD. See Bombard. 
BUM'BAST, n. [a different orthography of bombast, which 

see.] 1. A cloth made by sewing one stuff upon anoth- 
er ; patchwork. 2 Linei.. stuffed with cotton ; stuffing j 

wadding. 
BUM'BLE-BEE, 71. [1.. bombns.] A large bee, sometimes 

caWedJiumble-bee ; so named from its sound. 
BUM'BoAT, 71. A small boat, for carrying provisions to a 

ship at a distance from shore. 
BUM'KIN, 71. [See Bumpkin.] 1. A short boom projecting 

from each bow of a ship. 2. A small out-rigger over the 

stern of a boat. 
BUMP, n. [W. picmp.] 1. A swelling or protuberance. 2. 

A thump ; a heavy blow. 
BUMP, V. i. To make a loud, heavy or hollow noise, as the 

bittern. It is also written boom ; [W. bwmp.] 
BUMP, V. t. To strike as with or against any thing large or 

solid ; to thump. 
BUMP'ER, n. A cup or glass filled to the brim, or tfll the 

liquor runs over. Dryden. 
BUMP'KIN, 72. An awkward, heavy rustic ; a clown, or 

country lout. Locke. 
t BUMP'KIN-LY, a. Clownish. Richardson. 
BUNCH, 72. [W. pwng.] 1. A protuberance ; a hunch ; a 

knob or lump. 2. A cluster ; a number of the same kind 

growing together. 3. A number of things tied together. 

4, A collection of things ; a knot. 
BUNCH, V. i. To swell out in a protuberance ; to be protu- 
berant or round. 
BUNCH, V. t. To fonn or tie in a bunch or bunches. 
BUNCH-BACKED, a. Having a bunch on the back ; 

crooked. 
BUNCH'I-NESS, n. The quality oV being bunchy, or grow- 
ing in bunches. 
BUNCH' Y, a. Growing in bunches ; like a bunch ; having 

tufts. 
BUN'DLE, 72. [Sax. byndel.] 1. A number of things put 

together. 2. A roll ; any thing bound or rolled into a 

convenient form for conveyance. 
BUN'DLE, v.t. To tie or bind in a bundle or roll ; often 

followed by up. Swift. 
BUNG, 72. [Fr. bondon.] 1. The stopple of the orifice in the 

bilge of a cask. 2. The hole or orifice in the bilge of a 

cask. 
BUNG, V. t. To stop the orifice in the bilge of a cask with 

a bung ; to close up. 
BUNG'-HOLE, 71. The hole or orifice in the bilge of a 

cask. 
BUN'GLE, (bung'gl) v. i. To perform in a clumsy, awk 

ward manner. Dryden. 
BUN'GLE, V. t. To make or mend clumsily ; to botch ; to 

manage awkwardly ; with up. Dryden. 
BUN'GLE, 72. A botch ; inaccuracy ; gross blunder ; clumsy 

performance. Ray. 
BUN'GLER, 72. A clumsy, awkward workman ; one who 

performs without skill. Peacham. 
BUN'GLING, ppr. Performing awkwardly. 
BUN'GLING, a. Clumsy ; awkwardly done. 
BUN'GLING-LY, adv. Clumsily ; awkwardly. 
BUNK, 72. [Dan. bynke.] A case or cabin of boards for a 

bed ; a word used in some parts of America. 
BUNN, or BUN, 72. [Scot, bun, bunn.] A small cake, or a 

kind of sweet bread. Oay. 



Sec Syvops 



MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;-BULTi, UNITE.— € as K ; Gas J ; S as Z ; CHaa SH ; THasin thio. t Obsolete 



BUR 



112 



BUR 



BUN'SING, n. An animal found at the Cape of Good Hope. 
BUNT, n. The middle part, cavity, or belly of a sail. 
BUNT, V, i. 1. To swell out. 9. In popular language, to 

push with the horns -, to butt. 
BUNT'Eil, h. A cam word for a woman who picks up rags 

in tiie streets ; hence, a low, vulgar woman. 
BUNT'ING, w. A bird of the genus emberiza. 
BUNT'ING, or BUN'TINE, n. [Ger. bunt.] A thin woolen 

Ftuff', of which the colors or flags and signals of ships are 

made. 
BUNT'LINES, n. Ropea fastened to cringles on the bottoms 

of aqiare sails. 

* BUOY", (bwoy) n. [Fr. bouee.] A close empty cask, or a 
block of wood or cork, fastened by a rope to an anchor, 
and floating on the water, to show where the anchor is 
situated. 

* BUOY'ROPE, n. The rope which fastens a buoy to an an- 
chor. 

* BUOY, (bwoy) v. t. 1. To keep afloat in a fluid ; to bear 
up, or keep from sinking in a fluid, as in water or air ; 
with up. 2. To support, or sustain ; to keep from sinking 
into ruin or despondency. 3. To fix buoys, as a direction 
to mariners. 

* BUOY, (bwoy) v. ?.. To float ; to rise by specific lightness. 

* BUOY'AN-CY, (bwoy'an-sy) n. The quality of floating 
on the surface of water, or in the atmosphere ; specific 
lifflitncss. 

*BUOY'ANT, (bwoy'ant) a. 1. Floating-, light; that will 
not sink •, having the quality of rising or floating in a 
fluid. 2. Bearing up, as a fluid ; [unusual.] Dryden. 

BU-PRES'TES n. A species of cantharides. 

BUR, BOUR, or BOR, Sax. bur, signifies a chamber or a 
cottage. 

BUR, n. [Sax. burre.] 1. A rough, prickly covering of the 
seeds of certain plants, as of the chestnut. 2. A broad 
ring of iron behind the place for the hand on a spear, used 
in tilting. 

BUR'BOT, 71. [from L. barbatus.] A fish of the genus ga- 
dus, shaped like an eel. 

BURD'E-LAIS, (bur'de-lay) n A sort of grape. 

BURD'EN, (bur'dn) n. written also bxirthen. [Sax. hyrdcn, 
byrthen.] 1. That which is borne or carriefi ; a load. 2. 
That which is borne with labor or difficulty ; that which 
is grievous, wearisome or oppressive, 3. A birth. Shak. 

4. [Fr. bourdon.] The verse repeated in a song, or the 
return of the theme at the end of each verse ; the chorus. 

5. In common language, that which is often repeated •, a 
subject on which one dwells. 6. A fixed quantity of cer- 
tain commodities. 7. The contents of a ship ; the quan- 
tity or number of tuns a vessel will carry. 8. A club ; 
Ijwt in use.] Spenser. 

BURD'EN, (bur'dn) v. t. 1. To load ; to lay on a heavy 
load ; to incumber with weight. 2. To oppress with any 
thing grievous. 3. To surcharge. 

BURD'ENED, pp. Loaded with weight ; incumbered ; op- 
pressed. 

BURD'EN-ER, n. One who loads ; an oppressor. 

BURD'EN-OUS, a. 1. Grievous ; heavy to be borne ; op- 
pressive. 2. Cumbersome ; useless. Milton. 

BURD'EN-SoME, a. Heavy ; grievous to be borne 5 caus- 
ing uneasiness or fatigue ; oppressive. 

BURI)'EN-S6ME-NESS, n. The quality of being burden- 
some ; heaviness ; oppressiveness. 

BURDOCK, n. A genus of plants. 

BU'REAU, (bu'ro) n. [Fr. bureau.] 1. A chest of drawers, 
for keeping papers, or clothes. 2. An embassador's or 
secretary's office. 

BURG, n. [This is the same word as borough, the only dif- 
ference being in the pronunciation of the final letter.] A 
borough ; originally, a fortified town, but now, a city or 
town, which sends members to parliament. See Borough. 

BURG'AGE, to. [from burg.] In English law, a tenure, 
applied to cities, or towns, or where houses or lands are 
held of some lord in common socage, by a certain estab- 
lished rent. 

BURG'A-MOT, M. 1. A species of pear. [See Bergamot.] 
2. A kind of perfume. See Bergamot. 

BURG'A-NET, or BURG'0-NET, n. [Fr. bourguignote.] 
A kind of helmet, the Spanish murrion. 

BUR-GEOIS', (boor-zha) n. [Fr. bouro-eois.] A burgess. 

BUR-6EOIS', or BOUR-6EOIS', (bur-jois') n. A species 
of type, or printing letter, smaller than long primer, and 
larger than brevier. 

BUR'GEON. See Bourgeon. 

BURGEON, (bur'jun) n. In gardening, a knot or but- 
ton, put forth by the branches of a tree, in the spring. 
Chambers. 

BURG'ER-MAS-TER, n. An aquatic fowl. 

BURG'ESS, n. [Fr. bourgeois.] 1. An inhabitant of a bor- 
ough, or walled town ; or one who possesses a tenement 
therein ; a citizen or freeman of a borough. 2. A repre- 
sentative of a borough in parliament. 3. A magistrate of 
certain towns. 

BUR6'ESS-SHrP, n. The state or quality of a burgess. 



BURGH, (burg) 11. A different orthography of burg, borough, 

which see. 
BL"RGH'-BOTE, n. In old laws, a contribution towards the 

building or repairing of castles, &c. 
BURGH'-BRECH, n. A fine imposed on a burgh, for a 

breach of the peace. 
BURGIl'ER, n. An hihabitant of a burgh or borougii, or one 

who enjoys the privileges of a place. 
BURGH'ER-SHIP, n. The state or privilege of a burgher. 
BURGH'-MaS-TER, n. A burgomaster 5 also, an oliicer in 

the tin-mines. 
BURGH'MOTE, to. The court of a burgh or borough 
BURG'LAR, 71. [burgh, or burg, a house, and Arm. 'aer, 

a thief. ]^ One guilty of nocturnal house-brea ' ^ng. 
BURG-La'RI-AN, n. A person guilty of burglai^ . , 
BURG-La'RI-OUS, a. Pertaining to burglary ; constituting 

tiie crime of burglary. 
BURG-La'RI- OUS-LY, adv. With an intent to commit burg- 
lary ; in the manner of a burglar. 
BURG'LA-RY, to. The act or crime of nocturnal house- 
breaking, with an intent to commit a felony. 
BURG-MOTE, to. A 'lorough court. Burke. 
BURG'O-MAS-TER, to. A burgh-master ; a magistrate, or 

one employed in the government of a city. 
BUR'GRAVE, 7). [burg, and G. graf.] In some European 

countries, an hereditary governor of a town or castle. 
BUR'GUN-DY, to. A kind of wine, so called from Burgun- 
dy in France. Shenstonc. 
BURH is the same as burg, burgh, with the aspirate It is 

Saxon, and signifies a city, a castle, a house, or tower 
BUR'I-AL, (ber'-e-al) to. 1. The act of burying a deceased 
person ; sepulture ; interment. 2. The act of placing any 
thing under earth or water. 3. The church service for 
funerals. 
BUR'-I-AL-PLACE, to. A place appropriated tc the burial 

of the dead ; a grave-yard. 
BUR'I-ER, (ber'e-er) to. One who buries a deceased person. 
Bu'RIN, n. [Fr. burin.] A graver ; an insti-uraent for en- 
graving. 
BURL, V. t. 1. To dress cloth, as fullers do. Johnson. 2. 

To pick knots and loose threads off"trom cloth. 
BLR'LACE, TO. [a contraction of burdelais.] A sort of 

grape. 
BURL'ER, TO. A dresser of cloth. 

BUR-LESaUE', I a. [Fr. ; It. burlesco.] Jocular ; tending to 
BUR-LESK', \ excite laughter by ludicrous images. 
BUR-LESUUE', | n. 1. Ludicrous representation ; a contra^ 
BUR-LESK', \ between the subject and the manner of 
treating it, which tends to excite laughter or ridicule. 2. 
A composition in which the contrast between the subject 
and the manner of considering it renders it ludif vnus or ri- 
diculous. 
BUR-LESQUE ,}v. t. To turn into ridicule ; or to uoake 
BUR-LESK', ) ludicrous by representation. 
BUR-LESQ,'UER, ) to. One who burlesques, or turns to ridi- 
BUR-LESK'ER, \ cule. 

BUR-LET'TA, to. [It.] A comic opera ; a sical enter- 
tainment. 
BUR'LI-NESS, TO. Bulk ; bluster. 
BURL'Y, a. Great in size ; bulky ; tumid ; falsely great ; 

boisterous. Dryden. 
BURN, V. t. pret. and pp. burned or burnt. [Sax. bernan, 
bternan or byrnan.] 1. To consume with fire ; to reduce 
to ashes by the action of heat or fire. 2. To expel the vol- 
atile parts and reduce to charcoal by fire. 3. To cleanse 
of soot by burning ; to inflame. 4. To harden in the fire ; 
to bake or harden by heat. 5. To scorch j to affect by 
heat. 6. To injure by fire ; to aflTect the flesh by heat. 
9. To dry up, or dissipate ; with up. 8. To dry excessive- 
ly ; to cause to wither by heat. 9. To heat or inflame ; 
to affect with excessive stimulus. 10. To affect with 
heat in cookery, so as to give the food a disagreeable taste. 
11. To calcine with excessive heat. — To burn up, to con- 
sume entirely by fire. — To bum out, to burn till the fuel 
is all consumed. 
BURN, V. i. 1. To be on fire ; to flame. 2. To shine ; to 
sparkle. 3. To be inflamed with passion or desire. 4. 
To act with destructive violence, as fire. 5. To be in 
commotion ; to rage with destructive violence. 6. To 
be heated ; to be in a glow. 7. To be afl^ected with a 
sensation of heat, pain, or acidity. 8. To feel excess of 
heat. — To burn out, to burn till the fuel is exhausted, 
and the fire ceases. 
BURN, TO. ]. A hurt or injury of the flesh, caused by the 
action of fire. 2. The operation of burning or baking, as 
in brichmaldng. 
BURN'A-BLE, a. That may be burnt. [Little used.] 
BURN-COW, or BURST'-COW, to. A genus of insects. 
BURNED, or BURNT, pp. Consumed with fire ; scorched 
or dried with fire or heat ; baked or hardened in the fire. 
BURN'ER, TO. A person who burns or sets fire to any thing 
BURN'ET, TO. A plant, poterium, or garden burnet. 
BUR^T'ET-SAX'I-FRAGE, to. A plant, pimpinella. 
BURNING, ppr. Consuming with fire ; flaming ; scorch 



See Synopsis. A E, I, O, U, Y, Zoto^.- -FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARWE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



BUR 



113 



BUT 



mg ; hardening by fire ; calcining ; charring ; raging as 
fire ; glowing. 

BURN'ING, 71. Combustion ; the act of expelling volatile 
matter and reducing to ashes, or to a calx ; a fire ; inflam- 
mation ; the heat or raging of passion. 

BURN ING, a. 1. Powerful ; vehement. 2. Much heated ; 
very hot ; scorching. 

BUKi\'ING-GLASS, n. A glass which collects the rays of 
the sun into a small space, called a focus, producing an 
intense heat. 

BURN ING-THORN'l! -PLANT. A species of spurge. 

BURN'ISH, V. t. [Fr. brunir.] To polish by friction ; to 
make smooth , bright and glossy. 

BURN'ISH, V. i. 1. To grow bright or glossy. Swift. 2. To 
grow ; to spread out. Dryden. 

BURN'ISH, n. Gloss ; brightness ; lustre. Christ. Obs. 

BURN'ISHED, pp. Polished ; made glossy. 

BURN'ISH-ER, n. 1. The person who polishes, or makes 
glossy. 2. An instrument used in polishing, of different 
kinds. 

BURN'ISH-ING, ppr. Polishing ; making smooth and glossy. 

BURN'OOSE, ) n. [Sp. albornoz.] An upper cloak or gar- 

BURN'OS, \ ment. 

BURNT, pp. of burn. Consumed ; scorched ; heated ; sub- 
jected to the action of fire. 

BURNT'-OF'FER-ING, n. Something offered, and burnt 
on an altar, as an atonement for sin ; a sacrifice ; called 
also burnt-sacrifice. 

BURR, n. 1. The lobe or lap of the ear. 2. The round 
knob of a horn next a deer's head. 3. The sweet-bread. 

BUR'RAS PIPE, n. An instrument or vessel used to keep 
corroding powders in. 

BUR'-REED, 71- A plant, the sparganium. 

BUR'REL, n. A sort of pear, called the red butter pear. 

BUR'REL-FL1f, n. The ox-liy, gad-bee, or breeze. 

BUR'REL-SHOT, n. [Fr. buurreler, and shot.] Small shot, 
nails, stones, pieces of old iron, &c., put into cases, to be 
discharged among enemies. 

BUR'ROCK, 7!. A small wier or dam where wheels are laid 
in a river, for catching fish. 

BUR'RoW, 71. A different orthography of bwrgh, borough, 
which see. 

BUR'RoW, 71. [Sax. byrgen.] A hollow place in the earth, 
or in a warren, where small animals lodge. 

BUR'RoW, V. i. To lodge in a hole excavated in the 
earthj to lodge in any deep or concealed place. 

BUR'RoW-ING, ppr. Lodging in a burrow. 

BURS' A R, 71. 1. A treasurer, or cash-keeper ; a purser. 2. 
A student, to whom a stipend is paid out of a burse, or 
fund. Johnson. 

BURS' AR-SHIP, n. The office of a bursar. Hales. 

BURS'A-RY, n. 1. The treasury of a college, or monastery. 
2. In Scotland, an exhibition. 

BURSE, (burs) n. [Fr. bourse.] 1. A public edifice in certain 
cities, for the meeting of merchants, to consult on matters 
of trade and money ; an exchange. 2. In France, a fund 
or foundation for the maintenance of poor scholars in 
their studies. 

BURST, V. i. pret. and pp. burst. The old participle hursten 
is nearly obsolete. [Sax. byrstan, burstan.] 1 To fly 
or break open with force, or with sudden violence ; to suf- 
fer a violent disruption. 2. To break away ; to spring 
from. 3. To come or fall upon suddenly or with violence ; 
to rush upon unexpectedly. 4. To issue suddenly, or to 
come from a hidden or retired place into more open view. 
5. To break forth into action suddenly. 6. To break or 
rush in with violence. 

BURST, V. t. To break or rend by force or violence ; to 
open suddenly. 

BURST, 71. 1. A sudden disruption ; a violent rending; a 
sudden explosion or shooting forth. 2. A rupture ; a her- 
nia. 

BURST, or BURST'EN, pp. or a. Affected with a rupture, 
or hernia. 

BURST, pp. Opened or rent asunder by violence. 

BURST'EN-NESS, n. The state of having a rupture ; the 
hernia. 

BURST'ER, 71. One that bursts. 

BURST'ING, ppr. Rending or parting by violence ; explod- 
ing. 

BURST'-WoRT, n. The herniaria, a plant said to be good 
ngainst hernia or ruptures. 

BURT, n. A flat fish of the turbot kind. Johnson. 

BURTH'EN See Burden. 

BUR'TON, (bur'tn) n. A small tackle formed by two blocks 
or pulleys. 

BUR'Y, (ber'ry) n This word is a different orthography of 
burg, burh, borough. It signifies a house, habitation, or 
castle, and is retained in many names of places, as in 
Shrewsbury, Danbury. The word is used by Oreto, for 
burrow. 

BUR'Y, (ber'ry) v. t. [Sax. byrian, burgan.] 1. To deposit 
a deceased person in the grave ; to inter a corpse ; to en- 
tomb. 2. To cover with earth, as seed sown. 3. To 



hide ; to conceal ; to overwhelm ; to cover with any 
thing. 4. To withdraw or conceal in retirement. 5. To 
commit to the water ; to deposit in the ocean. 6. To 
place one thing within another. 7. To forget and forgive ; 
to hide in oblivion — To bury the hatchet, in the languaa-e 
of American Indians B to lay aside the instruments of 
war, forget injuries, and make peace. 

BUR'Y-ING, (ber re-ing) ppr. Interring ; hiding ; cover- 
ing with earth ; overwhelming. 

BUR'Y-ING, 71. The act of interring the dead ; sepulture. 

BUll'Y-ING-PLACE, n. A grave-yaid ; a place appropri- 
ated to the sepulture of the dead ; a church-yard. 

BUR'i''-PEAR, 7i. [Fr. beur^e.] The name of a very tender 
and delicate pear. Cotgrave. 

BUSH, n. [D. bosch.] 1. A shrub with branches; a thick 
slirub ; also, a cluster of shrubs. With hxinters, a fox tail. 
2. An assemblage of branches interwoven S. A branch 
of a tree fixed or hung out as a tavern sign. 4. A >^,rcle 
of metal let into the sheaves of such blocks as have iron 
pins, to prevent their wearing. 

BUSH, V. i. To grow thick or bushy. Milton. 

BUSH, V. t. To furnish a block with a bush. 

BJJSH'EL, 72. [Fr. boisseau.] 1. A dry measure, containing 
eight gallons, or four pecks. 2. A large quantity. 3. The 
circle of iron in the nave of a r/heel ; in America called a 
box. 

BUSH'EL-AgE, n. A duty payable on commodities by the 
bushel. 

BUSH'ET,7i. A wood. See Busket. 

BLTH'I-NESS, 71. The quality of being bushy. 

BUSH'-MAN, 71. [D. bosch-man.] A woodsman. 

fBUSH'MENT, 7i. A thicket ; a cluster of bushes. 

BUSK' Y, a. 1. Full of branches ; thick and spreading, like 
a bush. 2. Full of bushes ; overgrown with shmbs. 

BUS'IED, {hiz'ziA) pp. of busy. 

BUS'I-LESS, (biz'ze-les) a. Without business ; at leisure ; 
unemployed. 

BUS'I-LY, (biz'ze-ly) adv. 1. With constant occupation ; 
actively ; earnestly ; as, to be busily employed. 2. With 
an air of hurry or importance ; v/ith too much curiosity ; 
importunately ; officiously. 

BUS'I-NESS, (biz'nes) n. 1. Employment ; that wliich oc- 
cupies the tune, attention and labor of men. 2. Affairs ; 
concerns. 3. The subject of employment; that wliich 
engages the care and attention. 4. Serious engagement ; 
important occupation, in distinction from trivial affairs. 
5. Concern; riglit of action or iiterposing. 6. A point ; 
a matter of question ; something lO be examined, consid- 
ered or performed. — To do the business for a man, is to 
kill, destroy, or ruin him. 

BUSK, n. [Fr. busqiLe.] A piece of steel or whale-bone, 
worn by women to strengthen their stays. 

tBUSK, «. A bush. 

BUSK, V. i. To be active or busy. Fairfax uses it in the 
sense oi prepare, transitively, "to busk them for the bat- 
tle." 

BUSK'ET, 7!. A small bush, or a compartment of shrubs in 
a garden. Spenser. 

BUSK'IN, 71. 1. Akindof half boot, or high shoe, covering 
the foot and leg to the middle, worn by ancient actors 
of'.;ragedy. 2. In classic authors , the word is used for 
tragedy. 

BUSK'INED, a. Dressed in buskins. Milton. 

BUSK'Y, a. Bushy; wooded; shaded or overgrown with 
trees or shrubs ; generally written bosky. 

BUSS, n. [L. basio ; Fr. baiser.] 1. A kiss ; a salute with 
the lips. 2. [D. buis.] A small vessel. 

BUSS, V. t. To kiss ; to salute with the lips. Shak. 

BUST, n. [It. and Sp. busto.] In sculpture, the figure of a 
person in relief, showing only the head, shoulders, and 
stomach. 

BUST'ARD, n. The tarda, a species of fowl of the grallic 
order. 

BUS'TLE, (bus'sl) v. i. To stir quick ; to be very active ; 
to be very quick in motion. 

BUS'TLE, (bus'sl) n. Hurry ; great stir ; rapid motion with 
noise and agitation ; tumult. 

BUSfTLER, (bus'ler) n. An active, stnring person. 

BUS TLING, (bus'ling) ppr. Stirring ; moving actively with 
noise or agitation. 

BUST'0, 7!. A bust ; sometunes, perhaps, used for a statue. 

BUS'Y, (biz'zy) a. [Sax. bysi, bysig.] 1. Employed with 
constant attention ; engaged about something that renders 
interruption inconvenient. 2. Actively employed ; occu- 
pied without cessation ; constantly in motion. 3. Active 
in that which does not concern the person ; meddling witli 
or prying into the affairs of others ; officious ; importu- 
nate ; vexatious. 4. Much occupied with employment. 

BUS'Y, (biz'zy) v. t. To employ with constant atteution ; 
to keep engaged ; to make or keep busy. 

BUS'Y-BOD-Y, (biz'ze-bod-e) n. A meddling person ; one 
who officiously concerns himself with the affairs of others. 

BUT part, for butan. (Commonly, but not correctly classed, 
by exicographers, among conjunctions or prepositions.) 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE. 

3 



-€ as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tlds. t ObsoleU 



BUT 



114 



BY 



[Sax. butan, buton.] 1. Except ; besides ; unless. 2. 
Only. 

BUT, coTij. [Sax. bote.] More; further; noting an addition. 

BUT, n. [Ft. bout.] 1. An end; a limit; abound. 2. 
The end of a plank in a ship's side or bottom, which 
unites with another ; generally written butt. 

BUT, V. i. To be bounded by ; to lie contiguous to ; a word 
used in America. See Abut. 

)1UT-END, 71. The largest or blunt end of a thing. 

BUTCH'ER, n. [Fr. boucher.] 1. One who slaughters ani- 
mals for market. 2. One who kills men, or commands 
troops to kill them. 

BUTCH'ER, V. t. 1. To kill or slaughter animals for food, 
or for market. 2. To murder. 

BUTCH'ER-BiRD, n. The shrike, genus lanius. 

BUTCH'ER-LI-NESS, n. A cruel, savage, butcherly man- 
ner. ] 

BUTCH'ER-LY, a. Cruel ; savage ; murderous ; grossly ; 
and clumsily barbarous. Shak. ' 

BUTCH'ER-ROW, 71. The row, of shambles. Whitlock. ] 

BtjTCH'ER'S-BROOM, n. Ruscus ; a genus of plants, ! 
called also knee-holly. 

BUTCH'ER-Y, n. 1. The business of slaughtering cattle 
for the table, or for market. 2. Murder ; great slaughter, 
Dryden. 3. The place where animals are killed for mar- 
ket ; a shambles, or slaughter-house. 

BUT'LER, n. [Fr. bouteillier.] A servant or officer in the 
houses of princes and great men, whose principal business 
is to take charge of the liquors, plate, &;c. 

BUTLER-AGE, n. A duty of two shillings on every tun of 
wine imported into England by foreigners. 

BUTLER-SHIP, n. The office of a butler. 

BUT'MENT, n. 1. A buttress of an arch ; the supporter, or 
that part which joins it to the upright pier. 2. The mass 
of stone or solid work at the end of a bridge, by which 
the extreme arches are sustained. It is written also abut- 
ment. 

BUT'SHAFT, n. An arrow to shoot at butts with. 

BUTT, 71. 1. Literally, end, furthest point. Hence, a 
mark to be shot at ; the point where a mark is set or fixed 
to be shot at. 2. The point to which a purpose or ef- 
fort is directed. Skak. 3. The object of aim. 4. The 
person at whom ridicule, jests, or contempt are directed. 
5. [Sax. butte, or bytt.] A push or thrust given by the head 
of an animal. 6. A cask whose contents are two hogs- 
heads ; called also a pipe. 7. The end of a plank in a ship's 
side or bottom. 8. A particular kind of hinge for doors, 
&c. 

BUTT, V. i. [It. buttare.] To thrust the head forward ; to 
strike by thrusting the head against, as a ram. 

BUT'TER, n. [Sax. buter, butera ; Ger. butter-; L. butij- 
rum.] An oily substance obtained from cream or milk by 
churning. 

BUT'TER, V. t. 1. To smear with butter. 2. To increase 
the stakes at everv throw or every game. 

BUT'TER-BUMP, n. The bittern. Johnson. 

BUT'TER-BURR, n. A plant, a species of tussilago. 

BUT'TER-€UPS, n. A name given to a species, oi ranuncu- 
lus, or crow-foot. 

BUT'TER-FLOW-ER, n. A yellow flower. Oay. 

BUT'TER-FLY, n. Papilio, a genus of insects of the order 
oilepidopters. 

BUT'TER-FLY-SHELL, n. A genus of testaceous mollus- 
cas, witti a spiral, unilocular shell. 

BUT'TER-IS, n. An instrument of steel set in wood for 
paring the hoof of a horse. 

BUT'TER-MILK, n. The milk that remains after the but- 
ter is separated from it. 

BUT'TER-NUT, n. The fruit of an American tree, the 
jufflans chierea. 

BtTT'TER-PRINT, \ n. A piece of carved wood, used to 

BUT'TER-STAMP, ] mark cakes of butter. 

BUT'TER-TOOTH, n. A broad fore tooth. 

BUT'TER-WoM-AN ( "* ^ woman who sells butter. 

BUT TER-W6RT, ti.' A species of pinguicula. 

BUT TER-Y, a. Having the qualities or appearance of but- 
ter. Harvey. 

BUT TER-Y, 71. An apartment in a house, where butter, 
milk, jirovisions, and utensils are kept. 

BUT'TOCK, n. 1. The mmp, or the protuberant part be- 
hind. 2. The convexity of a ship behind, under the 
stern. 

BUTTON, (but'tn) 71. [Fr. bouton.] 1. A knob; a small 
ball ; a catch used to fasten together the different parts of 
dress. 2. Any knob or ball fastened to another body ; a 
small protuberant body. 3. A bud ; a gem of a plant. 
4. A flat piece of wood, turning on a nail or screw, to fas- 
ten doors. 5. The sea-urchin, 

BUT'TON, (but'tn) v. t. 1, To fasten with a button, or 
buttons ; to inclose, or make secure with buttons. 2. To 
dress or clothe •, [not used.] 

BUTTON-HOLE, n. The hole or loop in which a button is 
caught. 



BUTTON-MA-KER, n. One whose occupation is to mak« 
buttons. 

BUT'TON-STONE, n. A species of figured stone, or hard 
flint, resembling a button. 

BUT'TON-TREE, n. The conocarpus. 

BUT'TON -WEED, 71. A genus of plants. 

BUT'TON-WOOD, n. 1. The cephalanthus, a shrub. 2. 
The platanus' occidentalis, western plane-tree, a large 
tree growing in N. America, producing rough balls, from 
which it is named. 

BUT'TRESS, n. 1. A prop ; a wall or abutment built arch- 
wise, serving to support another wall on the outside. 2 
Any prop or support. 

BUT'TRESS, V. t. To support by a buttress ; to prop. 

BUT'TRESSED, a. Supported with a buttress. 

BUTTS, n.pl.A place where archers meet toshoot at a mark, 

BUT'-WINK, n. A bird. Johnson. 

BUT-Y-Ra'CEOUS, I a. [from L. butyrum, butter.] Hav- 

BUT'Y-ROUS, ) ing the qualities of butter ; resem- 

bling butter. 

BUX'OM, a. [Sax. bocsum.] 1. Obedient ; obsequious j 
ready to obey ; [obs.] 2. Gay ; lively ; brisk. Milton. 
3. Wanton ; jolly, Druden. 

BUX'OM-LY, adv. Obediently ; [obs.] 2. Wantonly ; am- 
orously. 

BUX'OM-NESS, 77, Meekness ; obedience ; [obs.] Chaucer 
2._ Briskness ; amorousness 

BUY, (bi) V. t., pret and np. bought, pron. bawt, [Sax. bi 
gan, or bycgan, bygan.] 1. To acquire the property, 
right, or title to any thing, by paying a consideration or 
an equivalent in money ; to purchase ; to acquire by pay- 
ing a price. 2. To procure by a consideration given ; to 
procure at a price, 3. To bribe ; to corrupt or pervert the 
judgment by paying a consideration. 

To buy off, to influence to compliance ; to cause to bend or 
yield by some consideration. — To buyout. 1. To buy off, or 
detach from. 2. To purchase the share or shares of a per- 
son in a stock. — In popular language, to buy is to pay 
dear for, as in Chaucer. 

BUY, (bi) V. i. To negotiate or treat about a purchase. 

BUY'ER, (bi'er) n. One who buys ; a purchaser. 

BUY'ING, ppr. Purchasing. 

BUZZ, V. i. [It, buzzicare.] 1. To make a low, hissing 
sound, as bees. 2. To uhisper; to speak with a low, 
hissing voice ; to make a low, hissing sound. Shak. 

BUZZ, V. t. To whisper ; to spread, as report, by whispers, 
or to spread secretly. Bentley. 

BUZZ, n. The noise of bees ; also, a whisper. 

BUZZ'ARD, n. [D. buzaard.] 1. A species of falco, or 
hawk, the buteo ; a rapacious, but sluggish bird. 2. A 
blockhead ; a dunce. 

BUZZ'ARD, a. Senseless; stupid. Milton. 

BUZ-ZxIRD-ET', n. A species of falco, or hawk. 

BUZZ'ER, n. A whisperer; one who is busy in telling 
tales secretly. 

BUZZ'ING, ppr. Making a lov/, hissing sound ; whispering ; 
tattling in secret. 

By, prep. [Sax. be, or big ; Goth, bi.] 1. Near ; close ; as, 
sit by me. 2. Near, in motion ; as, to pass by a church. 
3. Through, or with, denoting the agent, means, instru- 
ment, or cause; as, "a city is destroyed by fire.'\ 4. 
"Day&T/day;" "year by year;" "article by article." 
In these phrases, by denotes passing from one to another, 
or each particular separately taken. 5. " By the space of 
seven years." In this phrase, by denotes through, pass- 
ing or continuing, during. 6. " By this time the sun had 
risen." The word here seems to denote, at, present, or 
come to. 1. According to ; as, " this appears by his own 
account ;" " these are good rules to live Jy." 8, On ; as, 
" to pass by land o*- water." 9. It is placed before words 
denoting quantity, measure, or proportion ; as, to sell by 
the pound. 10. It is used to represent the means or in- 
strument of swearing, or affirming ; as, to swear by 
heaven. 11. In the phrase, " he has a cask of wine by 
him," by denotes nearness or presence. 12. "To sit by 
one's self," is to sit alone, or without company. 13, "To 
be present by attorney." In this phrase, by denotes means 
or instrument ; through or in the presence of a substitute. 
14. In the phrase, "north by west," the sense seems to 
be, north passing to the west, inclining or goir.g westward 
or near west. — As an adverb, by denotes also nearness, or 
presence ; as, there was no person by at the time. — By 
and by is a phrase denoting nearness in time ; in a short 
time after ; presently ; soon. — By the by signifies, as we 
proceed or pass, [Fr. en passantj] noting something inter- 
posed in the progress of a discourse, which is distinct 
from the main subject. — To stand by, is to stand near, or 
to support. — In the common phrase, good-bye, bye signifies 
passing, going. The phrase signifies, a good going, a 
prosperous passage, and it is equivalent to farewell. — By 
is used in many compound words, in most of which we 
observe the sense of nearness, closeness, or a withdraw- 
ing or seclusion. 
t BY. See Abt. 



* See Synopsis. &, E, T, o, tJ, ^, long.—FkR, F^LL, WH^T ;- PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



CAB 



115 



CAC 



B-f'ASS. See Bias. 

B-f'-eOF'FEE-HOUSE, n. A coffee-house in an obscure 
place. Addison. 

B-9'-€ON-CEKN'MENT, n. An affair distinct from the 
main business. Dryden. 

B^'-€ORN-ER, n. A private corner. 

BY-DE-PEN D'ENCE, n. An appendage ; that which de- 
pends on something else. 

BY-DE-SiGN', n. An incidental design, or purpose 

BY'-DRINK-ING, n. A private drinking. 

BY'-END, n. Private end ; secret purpose or advantage. 

By'-GONE, a. Past ; gone by. Scots dialect. Grew. 

BY'-IN'TER-EST, n. Self-interest , private advantage. 

BY'-L ANE, n. A private lane, or one out of the usual road. 

BY'-LAW, n. A town law ; the law of a city, town or pri- 
vate corporation. Bacon. 

BY -MAT-TER, n. Something incidental. Bacon. 

BY -NAME, 71. Nickname ; an incidental appellation. 

BY-NAME, ■?;. t. To give a nickname. Camden, 

BY'-PAST, a. Past ; gone by. Scots dialect. 

BY'-PATH, 71. A private path ; an obscure way 

BY'-RE-SPECT', 71. Private etfd, or view. Dryden. 

BY'-RoAD, n. A private or obscure road Swift. 

BY'-ROOM, 71. A private room or apartment. Shale. 

By'-SPEECH, n. An incidental or casual speech, not di- 
rectly relating to the point. Hooker 

tBY'-SPELL, 71. [Sax. bigspell.] A proverb. Coles 



BY'-STAND-ER, n. [Sax. bigstandan.] One who stands 
near ; a spectator ; one who has no concern with the busi- 
ness transacting. 

By'-STREET, n. A separate, private or obscure street 

BY'-TURN-ING, n. An obscure road. Sidney. 

By'- VIEW, n. Private view ; self-interested purpose. 

BY'-WALK, n. A secluded or private walk. Dryden. 

BY'-WAY, 71. A secluded, private or obscure way. 

BY-WEST', adv. Westward ; to the west of. Davies. 

BY'-WiPE, 71. A secret stroke or sarcasm. Milton. 

BY'-W6RD, n. [Sax. bi, or big, and word.] A common say 
ing ; a proverb ; a saying that has a general currency. 

BYE, 71. [Sax.] A dwelling. Gibson. 

BYRE, n. A cow-house. 

t BYS'SIN, or f BYS'SUS, n. [Gr. fivaaog-] A silk oi linen 
hood Gower. 

BYS'SlNE, a. Made of silk. Coles. 

BYS'SO-LiTE, 7^. [Gr. §vor<TOi and \iOos.] A rare mineral, 
occurring in very delicate filaments, short, flexible and 
elastic. 

BYS'SUS, 71. [L.] The asbestus is, by some, called by this 
name. 

BYZ'ANT, ) n. [from Byzantium.] A gold coin of the 

BYZ'AN-TlNE, \ value of fifteen pounds sterling, so call- 
ed from being coined at Byzantium. 

BY-ZAN'TiNE, or BY-ZAN'TIAN, a. Pertaining to By- 
zantium. 



Cthe third letter in the English alphabet, and the second 
J articulation or consonant, is a palatal, nearly corre- 
sponding in sound with the Greek k, kappa. 

In English, C has two sounds, or rather it represents two 
very different articulations of the organs ; oiie close, 
like k, v/hich occurs before a o and u ; the other, a sib- 
ilant, precisely like s, which occurs before e, i and y. 

As an abbreviature, C stands for Caius, Carolus, Ccesar, con- 
demno, &,c., and CC for consiilibus. As a numeral, C 
stands for 100, CC for 200, &c.— In music, C after the 
cliff, is the mark of common time. 

€AB, n. [Heb. Ch. 3(5 kab.] An oriental dry measure, con- 
taining two pints and five sixths, English and American 
corn measure. 

€;A-BAL', 71. [Fr. cabale.] 1. A number of persons united 
in some close design, usually to promote their private 
views in church or state by intrigue. A junto. This 
name was given to tlie ministry of Charles II., Clifford, 
Ashley, Buckingham, Arlington, and Lauderdale, the ini- 
tials of whose names compose the word. 2. Intrigue ; 
secret artifices of a few men united in a close design. 
Dryden. 

€A-BAL', or €AB'A-LA, n. Tradition, or a mysterious 
kind of science among Jev/ish rabbins, pretended to 
have been delivered to the ancient Jews by revelation, 
and transmitted by, oral tradition ; serving for the inter- 
pretation of difficult passages of Scripture. 

€A-BAL', V. i. To unite in a small party to promote private 
views by intrigue , to intrigue. 

€AB'A-LISM, 77. The secret science of the cabalists. 

€AB'A-LIST, n. 1. A Jewish doctor who professes the 
study of the cabala, or the mysteries of Jewish traditions. 
— 2. In French commerce, a factor or agent. 

CAB-A-LIST'IC, ) a. Pertaining to the cabala ; con- 

€AB-A-LIST'1-€AL, \ taining an occult meaning. 

€AB-A-LIST'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of the caba- 
lists. 

€AB'A-LTZE, v. i. To use the manner or language of the 
cabalists. [JVot much used.] 

€A-BAL'LER, n. One who unites vi'ith others in close de- 
signs to effect an object by intrigue ; one who cabals. 

€!AB'AL-LlNE,a. [L. caballinus.] Pertaining to a horse. 

€A-BAL'LING, ppr. Uniting in a cabal ; intriguing in a 
small party. 

€AB'A-RET, n. [Fr.] A tavern. 

€ABBA6E, n. [It. cappuccio.] A genus of plants, called, 
in botany, brassica, of several species ; some of which 
are cultivated for food. 

€AB'BAGE, v. i. To form a head in growing. 

€AB'BA6E, v. t. [D. kabassen,] To purloin or embezzle, 
as pieces of cloth, after cutting out a garment. Arbuthnot. 

€AB BA6E-NET, n. A small net to boil cabbage in. 

€AB BA6E-TREE, n. The cabbage-palm, a species of areca, 
the oleracea, a native of warm climates. 

€AB'BA6E-W6RM, n. An insect. Johnson. 

GAB'I-AJ, 71. An animal of S. America resembling a hog. 

(3AB'IN, 71. [Fr. cabane.] 1. A small room ; an inclosed 
place. 2. A cottage ; a hut, or small house. 3. A tent ; 
a shed ; any covered place for a temporary residence. 4. 
An apartment in a ship for officers and passengers 



CAB'IN, v.i. To live in a cabin ; to lodge. Shak. 

€AB'IN, V. t. To confine in a cabin. Shak. 

€AB'IN-BOY, 71. A boy whose duty is to wait on the offi= 
cers and passengers on board of a ship. 

CAB'INED, pp. Inclosed ; covered. Milton. 

€AB'I-NET, n. [Fr.] I. A closet ; a small room, or retired 
apartment. 2. A private room, in which consultations are 
held. 3. The select or secret council of a prince or exec- 
utive government ; so called from the apartment in which 
it was originally held. 4. A juece of furniture, consisting 
of a chest or box, with draweis and doors. A private box. 
5. Any close place where things of value are reposited for 
safe keeping. 6. A hut ; a cottage ; a small house ; {obs.] 
Spenser. 

€AB'I-NET, v. t. To inclose. Howel. [Little used.] 

€AB'I-NET-€OUN'CIL, n. 1. A council held with privacy j 
the confidential council of a prince or executive magis- 
trate. 2. The members of a privy council ; a select num- 
ber of confidential counselors. 

CAB'I-NET-ED, pp. Inclosed in a private apartment, or in 
a cabinet. 

€AB'I-NET-Ma'KER, 71. A man whose occupation is to 
make cabinets, tables, bureaus, &c. 

CAB'IN-MATE, n. One who occupies the same cabin with 
another^ Beaumont. 

€AB-I-Re'AN, 71. One of the Cabiri. Faber. 

€A-BIR'I-AN, ^ a. Pertaining to the Cabiri, certain deities 

€A-BIR'I€, > greatly venerated bj the ancient pagans 

€AB-I-RIT'I€, ) in Greece and Pheittcia. Bryant. Faber. 

€a'BLE, 71. [Sp,, Fr. cable.] A large, strong rope or chain, 
used to retain a vessel at anchor. 

€a'BLED, a. Fastened with a cable. 

€AB'LET, 71. A little cable. Mar. Diet. 

Ca'BLE-TIeR, n. The place where the cables are coiled 
away. Mar. Diet. 

€A-BOB', V. t. To roast meat in a certain mode. 

CA-BOCHED, or €A-BoSHED, a. In heraldry, having the 
head cut close, so as to have no neck left. 

€A-BOOSE , 7?. [G. kabuse.] 1. The cook-room or kitchen 
of a ship ; a fire-place or stove for cooking in a small ves- 
sel. 2. A box that covers the chimney in a ship. 

€AB'OS, 71. A species of eel-pout, about two feet long. 

€AB'RI-OLE, ] n. [Fr. cabriolet.] A gig ; a one-horse 

€AB'RI-0-LET, \ chair, a light carriage 

€ABURE,7i. A Brazilian bird of the owl kind. 

CAB URNS, 71. Small lines made of spun-yarn, to bind ca 
bles, seize tackles, and the like. 

€A'CAo, or Co'COA, (c5'co) n. The chocolate-tree, a spe 
cies of the theobroma a native of the West Indies. 

€A€-€OONS', 71. A plant, called, in botany, ^e7;iZiea. 

€ACH'A-LOT, n. A cetaceous fish, the physeter, or sperma 
ceti whale. 

€ACHE, 71. [Fr.] A term used by traders and explorers in 
the unsettled western country belonging to the United 
States, for a hole dug in the ground, for the purpose of 
preserving and concealing such provisions and commodi- 
ties as it may be inconvenient to carry with them through- 
out their journey. Lewis and Clark'' s Travels. 



♦ See Synapsis. MOVE, BQOK, DoVE ;— B^LL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH j TH as in thia. f Obsolete 



CAF 



116 



CAL 



• €A-€HEX'Y, n. [Gr. mxe^ta.] 
powers of the body ; a deranged s 



A vicious state of the 

state of the constitution 

without fever or nervous disease 

eA€H-IN-NA'TlON, n. [L. cachinnatio.] Loud laughter. 
[Little used.] 

€ACH'0-LONG, n A variety of chalcedony, 

€A€K, V i. [L. caco.] To ease the body by stool. 

€A€K'ER-EL, 71 A species of fish. 

CA€'KLE, V. i. [D. kaakelen.'] 1. To make a particular 
nuise, as alien. 2 To laugh with a broken noise, like 
the cackling of a goose ; to giggle. 3. To prate ; to prat- 
tle ; to tattli; ; to talk in a silly manner. 

GAC'KLE, 71. 1. The broken noise of a goose or hen. 2. 
Idle talk ; silly prattle. 

CACKLER, 71. 1. A few. that cackles. 2. A telltale ; a 
tattler. 

GA€'KLING, p^r Making the noise of a goose or hen. 

eA€'KLING, 71. The broken noise of a goose or hen. 

eA€-0-€HYM'I€, \ a. Having the fluids of the body 

eA€-0-eHYM'I-€AL, \ vitiated, especially the blood. 

eA€'0-€HYM-Y, n. [Gr. KaKO'xyiua.'] A vicious state of 
the vital humors, especially of the blood. 

eA€-0-DK'MON, n. [Gr. /ca/coj and ijat/iwv.] An evil spkit. 

eA€-0-E'THES, n. [Gr. KanonQEia.] 1. A bad custom or 
habit ; a bad disposition. — 2. In medicine, an incurable 
ulcer. 

f€A-€OG'RA-PHY, n. Bad spelling. 

eA-€OPH'0-NY, 71. [Gr. kukos and (l>wvri.] 1. In rhetoric, 
an uncouth or disagreeable sound of words, proceeding 
from the meeting of harsh letters or syllables. — 2. In med- 
icine, a depraved voice ; an altered state of the voice. — 3. 
In music, a combination of discordant sounds. 

GA-Da'VER, 71. [L.] A corpse. 

BA-DAVER-OUS, a. [L, cadaver.'] 1. Having the appear- 
ance or color of a dead human body ; pale ; wan ; ghastly. 
2. Having the qualities of a dead body. 

GAD'DIS, 7*. A kind of tape or riband ; a kind of worm. 
2. A kind of worm or grub found in a case of straw. 

GAD'DoW, 77. A chough ; a jackdaw. 

CAD'DY, 71. A small box for keeping tea. 

eADE, a. Tame ; bred by hand ; domesticated ; as, a cade 
la)nb. 

CADE, V. t. To bring up or nourish by hand, or with ten- 
derness ; to tame. 

GADE, 77. [L. cadus.] A baiTel or cask. 

£A'DE-OIL, 71. In the materia medica, an oil made of the 
truit of the oxycedrus. 

';ADE-W6R]VI, n. The same as caddis. 

cJa'DEXCE, or €a'DEN-CY, n. [Fr. cadence ; Sp., Port. 
cads}icia.] 1. A fall ; a decline ; a state of sinking. 2. A 
fall of the voice in reading or speaking. 3. The general 
lone of reading verse. 4. Tone ; sound. — 5. In music, re- 
pose ; the termination of a harmonical phrase on a repose, 
or on a perfect chord. — 6. In horsemanship, an equal 
measure or proportion observed by a horse in all his mo- 
tions. — 7. In heraldry, the distinction of families. 

*. A'DENCE, V. t. To regulate by musical measure. 

t I'DENCED, pp. or a. Having a particular cadence. 

€ i-DENE', 71. A species of inferior carpet. 

€a'DENT, a. [L. cadens.] Falling down ; sinking. 

€A-DEN'ZA, 71. [It.] The fall or modulation of the voice in 
singing. 

€A-DET , n. [Fr. cadet ; It. cadetto.] 1. The younger or 
youngest son. Brown. 2. A gentleman who carries arms 
in a regiment, as a private man, with a view to acquire 
military skill, and obtain a commission. 3. A young man, 
in a military school. 

€A-DEW', 71. A straw-woi-m. See Caddis 

t€ADGE, V. t. To carry a bui-den. Ray. 

•€ADG'ER. See Codger. 

€AD gY, a. Cheerful ; merry after good eating and drink- 
ing. Brockctt, JSTcrrth of Eng. 

Ga'DI, n. In the Turkish dominions, a judge in civil affairs. 

€A-DIL[LA€, 7i. A sort of pear. Johnson. 

€AD-Me'AN, or €AD'MI-AN. a. Relating to Cadmus, a 
reputed prince of Thebes, who introduced into Greece the 
sixteen simple letters of the alphabet— a, 0, y, h, s, i, k, 
\,^,v,o,-,g,a,T,v. These are called Cadvtean let- 
ters. 

€A1)'IVII-A, 77. An oxyd of zink which collects on the sides 
of furnaces where zink is sublimed. 

€!AD'MI-UM, n. A metal discovered in 1817. 

€A-Du'CEUS, 71. [L.] In ancient mythology. Mercury's 
rod, a wand entwisted by two serpents. 

€A-DU'CI-TY, n. [L. caducus.] Tendency to fall. Chester- 
field. [Little used.] 

€A-Du'_eOUS, a. In botany, falling early. 

t€A-DuKE', a. [OldFr.caeZMc.] Fleeting, or frail. Kickes. 

CM CIAS, 71. [L.J A wind from the north-east. 

C-^'RULE. Seed: RULE and Cerulean. 

CiE-SA'RI-AN. See Cesarian. 

C^-Su'RA. See Cesura. 

€AF'FEIN, 71. A substance obtained from an infusion of 
unroasted coffee, by treating it with the muriate of tin. 



A Persian or Turkish vest or gar- 
A small cask, or barrel. 



CAF'TAN, n. [Persic.J 
ment. 

€AG, n. [Fr. caque ,• Dan. kag.] 
It is generally written ke^. 

CAGE, 77. [Fr. cage.] 1. A box or inclosure, for confining 
birds or beasts. 2. An inclosure made with palisades for 
confining wild beasts. 3. A prison for petty criminals. — 
4. In carpentry, an outer work of timber, inclosing an- 
other within it. 

CAGE, V. t. To confine in a cage ,• to shut up, or confine 

l>07l7ie. 

Ca'GIT, 71. A beautiful green parrot of the Philippine isles. 

CAG'U-1, 77. A monkey of Brazil, of two species. 

Ca'IC, or CA'iaUE, 7i. [Fr.] A skiff belonging to a galley. 

CAIL. See Kail. 

CaITMAN. See Cayman. 

CAIRN, 77. [Welsh, car?7 ] A heap of stones. 

*Ca'IS-SON", or CAIS-SOON', 77. [Fr.] 1. A wooden chesl 
into which several bombs are put, and sometimes gun- 
powder. 2. A wooden frame or chest used in laying the 
foundation of the pier of a bridge. 3. An ammunition 
chest, or wagon. 

CaI'TIFF, or CaI'TIF, 77. [It. cattivo.] A mean villain ; a 
despicable knave. 

CaI'TIFF, CaI'TIF, or CaI'TIVE, a. Base ; servile 
S^e?7ser. 

Cx4lJ'E-PUT, 77. An oil from the East Indies. 

CA-JoLE', V. t. [Fr. cajoler.] To flatter ; to soothe : to 
coax ; to deceive or delude by flattery. 

CA-JoL'ER, 77. A flatterer ; a wheedler. 

CA-JoL'ER-Y, 7!. Flattery ; a wheedling to delude. 

CA-JoL'ING, ppr. Flattering ; wheedling ; deceiving. 

CA-Jo'TA, 77. A Mexican animal resembling a wolf and a 
dog. 

CAKE, 77. [D. koek.] 1. A small mass of dough baked ; or 
a composition of flour, butter, sugar, or other ingredients, 
baked in a small mass. 2. Something in the form of a 
cake, rather flat than high, but roundish. 3. A mass of 
matter concreted ; as, a cake of ice. 4. A hard swelling 
on the flesh, or a concretion. 

CAKE, V. t.To form into a cake or mass. 

CAKE, V. i. To concrete, or form into a hard mass. 

fCAKE, V. i. To cackle, Ray. 

CAL'A-BASH, ?7. [Sp. calahaia,] 1. A vessel made of a 
dried gourd-shell, or of the shell of a calabash-tree. 2. A 
popular name of the gourd-plant, or cuciirUta. 

CAL'A-BASH-TREE, 77. A tree of two species, known, in 
botany, by the generic name crescentia. 

CA-LaDE', 77, The slope or declivity of a rising manege 
ground. 

CA-La'ITE, 77. A name given to the turquois ; which see 

CAL-A-MANC'O, 77. [Fr. callimanque.] A woolen stuff, of 
a fine gloss, and checkered in the warp. 

CAL'A-MAR, 77. [Sp.] An animal having an oblong body 
and ten legs. 

CAL'AM-BAC, n. [Sp. calambuco.} Aloes-wood, xyloe 
aloes, a drug. 

CAL'AM-BOUR, 77. A species of the aloes-wood. 

CAL-A-MIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing plants having a long 
hollow, knotted stem. 

CAL'A-MINE, or CAL'A-MIN, 77. Lapis calaminaris, or 
cadmia fossilis ; an ore of zink. 

CAL'A-MINT, 77. [L. calamintha.] An aromatic plant, a 
species of melissa, or baum. 

t CAL'A-MIS-TRATE, v.t. To curl or frizzle the hair. 

tCAL-A-MIS-TRA'TION, 77. The act of curling the hair. 

CAL A-MIT, 77. [L. calanms.] A mineral. 

CA-LAM'I-TOUS, a. [Fr. calamiteux.] 1. Very miserable ; 
involved in deep distress ; oppressed with infelicity ; 
wretched from misfortiine. 2. Producing distress and mis- 
ery ; making wretched. 3. Full of misery ; distressful ; 
wretched. 

CA-LAM'I-TOTJS-LY, adv. In a manner to bring great dis- 

€A-LAM'I-TOUS-NESS, 77. Deep distress ; wretchedness ; 
misery ; the quality of producing misery. 

CA-LAM'I-TY, 77. [L. calamitas.] Any great misfortune, 
or cause of misery. 

CAL'A-MLTS, 7i. [L.] 1. The ge-neric name of the Indian 
cane, called also rotang. — ^2. In antiquity, a pipe or fistula, 
a wind instrument, made of a reed or oaten stalk. 3. A 
rush or reed used anciently as a pen to write on parch- 
ment or papyrus. 4. A sort of reed, or sweet-scented 
cane, used by the Jews as a perfume. 5. The sweet flag. 

CA-LAN'DRA, 77, A species of lark. 

CA-LAN'DRE, or CAL'AN-DER, 77 The French name of 
a species of insect of the beetle kind. 

CA-LAN'GAY, 77, A species of white parrot. Ash. 

CA-LASH', 77. [Fr. caleche.] 1. A light chariot or carriage 
with very low wheels. 2. A cover for the head, used by 
ladies. 

CALC'AR, 77. In glass-works, a kind of oven. 

CALC'AR-ATE, a. [L. calcar.] Furnished with a spur. 

CAL-Ca'RI-O-SUL'PHU-ROUS, a. Having lime and sul 
phur in combination, or partaking of both. 



<^ Sm Synopsis, A, E, T, 5, U, Y, Ipng.^FAJi, FALL, WHAT •,— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD j— f Obsolete 



CAL 



117 



CAL 



eAL-€S'RI-OUS, a. [L. calcarius.] Partaldng of the na- 
ture of lime ; having the qualities of lime. 

€AL eA-VAL'LA, n. A kind of sweet wine from Portugal. 

€AL'CE-A-TED, a. [L. calceatus.] Shod ; fitted with or 
wearing shoes. 

€AL'C£-DON, n. With jewelers, a foul vein, like chalce- 
dony. [See Chalcedony.] ^sh. 

€AL-CE-DON'I€, or €AL-CE-Do'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to 
or resembling chalcedony. 

GAL'CE-DO-NY. See Chalcedony, the more correct or- 
thography. 

€AL-CIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing calx or lime. 

€ AL'CI-FORM, a. In the form of calx. 

CAL-CI-Mu'RITE, n. A species of earth, of the muriatic 
genus, of a blue or olive-green color. 

CAL-CIN'A-BLE, a. That may be calcined ; capable of be- 
ing reducied to a friable state by the action of fire. 

CAL CI-NATE, v. t. To calcine. 

€AL-CI-Na'TION, n. 1. The operation of expelling from a 
substance, by heat, some volatile matter with which it is 
combined, and thus reducing it to a friable state. 2. The 
operation of reducing a metal to an oxyd, or metallic calx. 

« CAL'Cl-NA-TO-RY, n. A vessel used in calcination. 
CAL'CINE, or CAL-ClNE', v. t. [Fr. calciner.] 1. To 
reduce a substance to a powder, or to a friable state. 2. 
To oxydize, as a metal ; to reduce to a metallic calx. 3. 
To dissolve. 

♦ CAL'CINE, V. i. To be converted into a powder or friable 
substance, or into a calx, by the action of heat. 

t CAL'CI-TRATE, i;. i. [Pr.' calcitrer.] To kick ; to spurn. 

f CAL-CI-TRa'TION, n. The act of kicking. Ross. 

€AL'CI-UM, n. The metallic basis of lime. 

€AL-€0-GRAPH I-CAL, a. Pertaining to calcography. 

€AL-€OG'RA-PHY, n. [L. calx, and Gr. ypacpu).] An en- 
graving in the likeness of chalk. 

€AL€'-SIN-TER, n. Stalactitic carbonate of lime. 

CALC'-TUFF, n. An alluvial formation of carbonate of 
limt. 

CAL'CU-LA-BLE, a. That may be calculated, or ascertain- 
ed by calculation. 

€AL'eU-LA-RY, n. FL. calculus.] A congeries of little 
stony knots dispersed through the parenchyma of the pear 
and other fruits, formed by concretions of the sap. 

€AL'eU-LA-RY, a. Relating to the disease called the 
sto7ie. 

€AL'eU-LATE, v. t. [Fr. calculer.] 1. To compute ; to 
reckon. 2. To ascertain by the use of tables or numbers. 
3. To form tables upon mathematical principles, as loga- 
rithms. 4. To compute the situation of the planets at a 
certain time, for astrological purposes. 5. To adjust by 
computation ; to fit or prepare by the adaptation of the 
means to the end. Tillotson. 

€AL'€U-LATE, v. i. To make a computation. — In popular 
use, this word is often equivalent to intend or purpose, 
that is, to niake arrangements, and form a plan ; as, a 
man calculates to go a journey. 

€AL CU-L A-TED, pp. Computed ; reckoned ; suited ; 
adapted by design. 

€AL'€U-LA-TING, ppr. Computing ; reckoning ; adapting 
by designj adjusting. 

CAL-CU-La'TION, n. 1. The art, practice or manner of 
computing by numbers. 2. The result of an arithmetical 
operation •, computation ; reckoning. 3. Estimate formed 
in the mind by comparing the various circumstances and 
facts which influence its determination. 

€ALCU-LA-TiVE, a. Pertaining to calculation 5 tending 
to calculate. 

CALCU-LA-TOR, ti. One who computes or reckons. 

CAL'eU-LA-TO-RY, a. Belonging to calculation. 

t CAL'CULE, n. Reckoning ; computation. 

tCAL'CULE, v.t. To calculate. Chaucer. 

CAL'CU-LOUS, a. 1. Stony ; gritty ; hard, like stone. 
2. Affected with the gravel or stone. 

€AL'eU-LUS, n. [L.] 1. The stone in the bladder or kid- 
neys. — 2. In mathematics, differential calculus isthe arith- 
metic of the infinitely small differences of variable quan- 
tities. 

CAL'DRON, (cawl'dron) n. [Old Fr. chauldron, now chau- 
'dron.] A large kettle or boiler. 

CALECHE. See Calash. 

CAL-E-Do'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Caledonia. 

CAL-E-DO'NI-AN, n. A native of Caledonia, now Scot- 
land. 

€AL-E-Fa'CIENT, a. Warming ; heating. 

<:;AL-E-Fa'CIENT, n. That which warms or heats. 

CAL-E-F ACTION, n. [L. calefactio.] 1, The act or op- 
eration of warming or heating. 2. The state of being 
heated. 

CAL-E-F ACTIVE, ) a. That makes warm or hot : that 

CAL-E-FACTO-RY, ] communicates heat. 

CAL'E-FY, v. i. [L. calefic] To grow hot or warm •, to be 
heated. 

€AL'E-FY, V. t. To make warm or hot. 

€AL'EN-DAR, n. [L. calendarium.] 1. A register of the 



year, in which the months, weeks and days ait set down 
in order, with the feasts observed jy the church, <Scc. •, an 
almanac. 2. A list of prisoners in the custody of the 
sheriff. 3. An orderly table or enumeration of persons or 
things. — Calendar-month, a solar month as it stands in al- 
manacs. 

€AL'EN-DAR, v. t. To enter or write in a calendar. 

€AL'EN-DER, v. t. [Fr. calendrer.] To press between roll- 
ers, for the purpose of making smooth, glossy and wavy. 

CAL'EN-DER, n. A machine, or hot press, used in manu- 
factories to press cloths. 

CAL'EN-DER, or KAL'EN-DER, n. The name of a sort of 
dervises in Turkey and Persia. 

CAL'EN-DRER, n. The person who calenders cloth. 

CAL'ENDS, n. plu. [L. calendce.] Among the Romans, the 
first day of each month. 

CAL'EN-TORE, 7i. [Sp. calentura.] A violent, ardent fe- 
ver, incident to persons in hot climates, especially natives 
of cooler climates. 

CALF, (caf) n.; plu. Calves, (cavz) [Sax. cealfj Sw 
kalf; Dan. kalv ; D. kalf.] 1. The young of the cow.- ■ 
2. In contempt, a dolt ; an ignorant, stupid person ; a 
weak or cowardly man. 3. The thick, fleshy part of the 
leg behind. — 4. The calves of the lips, in Hosea, signify 
the pure offerings of prayer, piaise and thanksgiving. 
Brown. 

€ALF'-LIKE, a. Resembling a calf. Shak. 

CALF'-SKIN, n. The hide or skin of a calf; or leather 
made of the skin. 

CAL'I-BER, M. [Fr.] 1. The diameter of a body. 2. The 
bore of a gun, or the extent of its bore. — Calihcr-compassts, 
calibers, or callipers, a sort of compasses made with arched 
legs, to take the diameter of round bodies, as masts, shot, 
&c. 

€AL'I-BRE, n. A sort or kind ; a figurative meaning of the 
preceding word. Burke. 

CAL'iCE, n. [L. calix ; Fr. calice.] Usually written chalice. 
A cup -, appropriately, a communion cup. 

CAL'I-CO, n. [from Calicut, in India.] Cotton cloth. — In 
England, white or unprinted cotton cloth is called calico. 
—In the United States, calico is printed cotton cloth, hav- 
ing not more than two colors. 

CAL'I-€0-PRINT'ER, n. One whose occupation is to print 
calicoes. 

CAL'ID, a. [L. calidus.] Hot ; burning ; ardent. 

CA-LID'I-TY, n. Heat. Brown. 

€AL'I-DU€T, n. Among the ancients, a pipe or canal used 
to convey heat from a furnace to the apartments of a 
house. 

Ca'LIF, n. written also Caliph and Kahf. [from Ar. 
calafa, to succeed. Hence a calif is a successor, a title 
given to the successors of Mohammed.] A successor or 
vicar ; a representative of Mohammed, bearing the same 
relation to him as the pope pretends to bear to St. Peter. 

€AL'IF-ATE, CAL'IPH-ATE, Ca'LIPH-SHIP, or KAL'IF 
ATE, n. The office or dignity of a calif; or the govern 
ment of a calif. Harris. 

€AL-I-Ga'TION, n. [L. caligatio.] Darkness ; dimness ; 
cloudiness. 

CA-Ll6'IN-OUS, a. Dim ; obscure ; dark. 

CA-LI6'IN-0US-NESS, n. Dimness ; obscurity. 

€AL-I-GRAPH'I€, a. Pertaining to elegant penmanship 
Wart on. 

CA-LIG'RA-PHY, ) n. [Gr. K-aAXtypa^ta.] Fair or elegant 

€AL-LIG'RA-PHY, ) writing, or penmanship. 

Ca'LIN, n. A compound metal of the Chinese. 

CAl'i-PEE^' I ''^' '^^^^^^ of cookery in dressing a turtle. 

€AL'I-VER, n. A kind of hand-gun, musket, or arquebuse. 
Shak. 

Ca'LIX, n. [L. calix.] I. A cup. 2. The membrane which 
covers the papillce in the pelvis. 

CALK, (cawk) v. t. I. To drive oakum, or old ropes un- 
twisted, into the seams of a ship or other vessel, to pre- 
vent their leaking, or admitting water. — 2. In some parts 
of Amenca, to set upon a horse or ox shoes armed with 
sharp points of iron, to prevent their slipping on ice. 

CALK, (cawk) n. In JVew England, a sharp-pointed piece 
of iron on a shoe for a horse or an ox, called, in Great 
Britain, calkin ; used to prevent the animal from slipping. 

CALK'ER, (cawk'er) n. A man who calks. 

CALKED, (cawkt) pp. Having the seams stopped ; furnish- 
ed with shoes with iron points. 

CALK'IN, (cawk'in) n. A calk. 

CALK'ING, (cawk'ing) j>pr. Stopping the seams of a ship ; 
putting on shoes with iron points. 

CALK'ING, (cawk'ing) n. In painting, the covering of the 
back side of a design with black lead, or red chalk, and 
tracing lines through on a waxed plate, which leaves an 
impression of the color on the plate or wall. 

CALK'ING-I-RON, (cawk'ing-i-urn) n. An instrument like 
a chisel, used 'n calking ships. 

CALL, V. t. [L. calo.] 1. To name ; to denominate, or 
give a name. 2, To convoke ; to summon ; to direct or 



* See Synopsis . Mft>VH . BOOK, D6VE ;— BtJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH • TH as in this t Obsolete. 



CAJL 



118 



CAM 



Older to meet ; to assemble by order or public notice. 3. 
To request to meet or come. 4. To invite. 5. To invite 
or summon to come or be present ; to invite, or collect. 
6. To give notice to come by authority ; to command to 
come. 7. To proclaim ; to name, or publish the name. 
8. To appoint, or designate, as for an office, duty, or em- 
ployment. 9. To invite ; to warn : to exhort. 10. To 
invite or draw into union with Christ. 11. To own 
and acknowledge. 12. To invoke or appeal to. 13. To 
esteem or account. 

To call down, to invite, or to bring down.— Tc; call back, to 
revoke, or retract ; to recall ; to summon, or bring back. — 
To call for, to demand, require or claim ; or to cause to 
grow. Also, to speak for ; to ask ; to request.— To cull 
in, to ci)llect ; or to draw from circulation, or to summon 
together •, to invite to come together.— 7'o call forth, to 
bring or summon to action. — To call off, to summon away j 
to divert.— To call up, to bring into view or recollection -, 
also, to bring into action, or discussion. — To call over, to 
read a list, name by name ; to recite separate particulars 
in order.— 7*0 call out, to summon to fight ; to challenge ; 
also, to summon into service. — To call to mind, to recol- 
lect 5 to revive in memory. 

€ALL. V. i. 1. To utter a loud sound, or to address by 
name ; to utter the name. 2. To stop, without intention 
of staying ; to make a short stop.— 7'o call on, to make 
a short visit to •, also, to solicit payment, or make a de- 
mand of a debt.— In a theological sense, to pray to, or 
worship.— To call out, to utter a loud voice ; to bawl •, a 
popular use of the phrase. 

€ALL, n. 1. A \?ocal address, of summons or invitation. 2. 
Demand ; requisition •, public claim. 3. Divine vocation, 
or summons. 4. invitation ; request of a public body or 
society. 5. A summons from heaven ; impulse, b'. Au- 
thority ; command. 7. A short visit ; as, to make a call. 
8. Vocation ; employment. 9. A naming ; a nomination. 
10. Among hunters, a lesson, blown on the horn, to com- 
fort tiie hounds. — 11. Among seamen, a whistle or pipe. 12. 
The English name of the mineral called by the Germans 
tungsten ox wolfram. — 13. Among /yjoZers, the noise or cry 
of a°fowl, or a pipe to call birds, by imitating their voice. — 
14. In legislative bodies, the call of the house, is a calling 
over the names of the members, to discover who is absent, 
or for other purpose. 

€ALLED, pp. Invited ; summoned ; addressed ; named ; 
appointed ; invoked ; assembled by order ; recited. 

CALL'ER, n. One who calls. 

t €AL'LET, or f €AL'LAT, n. A trull, or a scold. Skak. 

t CAL'LET, V. i. To rail ; to scold. 

|€ALLI-€0. See Calico. 

CAL-LID'I-TY, n. [L. calliditas.] Craftiness. Cockeram. 

€AL-LIG'RA-PHY. See Caligraphy. B. Jonson. 

€ALL ING, ppr. Inviting ; summoning ; naming ; address- 
ing ; invoking. 

€ALL'ING, n. 1. A naming, or inviting; a reading over 
or reciting in order, or a call of names with a view to ob- 
tain an answer, as in legislative bodies. 2. Vocation ; 
profession ; trade ; usual occupation, or employment. 3. 
Class of persons engaged in any profession or employ- 
ment. 4. Divine summons, vocation, or invitation. 

€AL'LI-0-PE, 71. In pagan mythology, the muse that pre- 
sides over eloquence and heroic poetry. 

€AL'LI-PERS. See Caliber. 

€AL-LOS'I-TY, n. [Fr. callosite.'] Hardness, or bony hard- 
ness ; the hardness of the cicatrix of ulcers. 

CAL'LOT. See Calotte. 

€AL'LOUS, a. [L. callus.'] 1. Hard ; hardened ; indurat- 
ed. 2. Hardened in mind ; insensible ; unfeeling. 

€AL'LOUS-LY, adv. In a hardened or unfeeling manner. 

eAL'LOTJS-NESS, n. Hardness, induration, applied to the 
body ^ insensibility, applied to the mind or heart. 

CAL'LoW, a. [Ir. calbk ; L. calvus.] Destitute of feath- 
ers ; naked ; unfledged ; as a young bird. 

€AL'LUS, 71. [L.] Any cutaneous, corneous or bony hard- 
ness, but generally the new growth of osseous matter, be- 
tween the extremities of fractured bones, serving to unite 
them ; also, a hardness in the skin. 

€ALM, (cam) a. [Fr. calme.] 1. Still ; quiet ; being at 
rest, as the air 5 not stormy or tempestuous. 2. Undis- 
turbed ; not agitated. 3. Undisturbed by passion ; not 
agitated or excited ; quiet ; tranquil ; as the mind, tem- 
per, or attention. 

CALM, (cam) n. Stillness •, tranquillity ; quiet ; freedom 
from motion, agitation, or disturbance. 

CALM, (cam) v. t. To still ; to quiet ; as the wind, or ele- 
ments -, to still, appease, allay or pacify, as the mind, 
or passions. 

CALM'ER, (cam'er) n. The person or thing that calms, or 
has the power to still, and make quiet ; that which allays 
or pacifies. 

CALM'ING, (cam'ing) ppr. Stilling ; appeasing. 

CAl M'LY, (cajn'ly) adv. In a quiet manner ; without 
disturbance, agitation, tumult, or violence ; without pas- 
sion ; quietly. 



CALM'NESS, (cam'nes) n. 1. Quietness; stillness ; tran- 
quillity. 2. Quietness ; mildness ; unruffled state. 

CALJVI'Y, (cam'y) a. Calm ; quiet; peaceable. Cowley. 

€?AL'0-MEL, 71. A preparation of mercury, much used in 
medicine. 

CA-LOR I€, 71. [L. calor, heat.] The principle or matter 
of heat, or the simple element of heat. 

€A-LOR'I€, a. Pertaining to the matter of heat. 

€AL-0-RIF'ie, a. That has the quality of producing heat ; 
causing heat ; heating. 

€AL-0-RIM'E-TER, n. [L. calor, and Gr. nerpov.] An ap- 
paratus for measuring relative quantities of heat, or the 
specific caloric of bodies. 

€AL'0-RI-MO-TOR, 71. [caloric, and li motor.} A galvan- 
ic instrument, in which the calorific influence or effects 
are attended by scarcely any electrical power. 

CA-LOTTE', or CA-LoTE', n. [Fr. calotte.] A cap or coif 
of hair, satin or other stuff. 

€A-LOY'ERS, or CALOGERI, n. Monks of the Greek 
church, of three orders. 

€ALP, n. A subspecies of carbonate of lime. 

CAL'TROP, n. [Sax. coltrceppe.] 1. A kind of thistle, the 
Latin tribulus. 2. In military affairs, an instrument with 
four iron points disposed in a triangular form, so that, three 
of them being on the ground, the other pomts upward, to 
wound horses' feet. 

CAL'U-MET, 91. Among the aboriginals of America, a pipe 
used for smoking tobacco. 

CA-LUM'NI-ATE, v. t. To accuse or charge one falsely 
and knowingly with some crime, offense, or something 
disreputable ; to slander. 

CA-EUM'NI-ATE, v. i. To charge falsely and knowingly 
with a crime or offense ; to propagate evil reports with a 
design to injure the reputation of another. 

€A-LUM'NI-A-TED, pp. Slandered ; falsely and malicious- 
ly accused of what is criminal, immoral or disgraceful. 

CA-LUM'NI-A-TIIMG, ppr. Slandering. 

CA-LUM-NI-a'TION, n. False accusation of a crime or of- 
fense, or a malicious and false representation of the words 
or actions of another, with a view to injure his good name. 

€A-LUM'NI-A-T0R, n. One who slanders ; one who ma- 
liciously propagates false accusations or reports. 

€A-LUM'NI-A-T0-RY, a. Slanderous. 

CA-LUM'NI-OUS, a. Slanderous ; bearing or implying cal- 
umny ; injurious to reputation. 

€A-LUM'NI-0US-LY, adv. Slanderously. 

CA-LUM'NI-OUS-NESS, n. Slanderousness. 

CAL'UM-NY, n. [L. calumnia.] Slander ; false accusation 
of a crime or offense, maliciously made or reported. 

CAL'VA-RY, n. [L. calvaria.] 1. A place of skulls ; par- 
ticularly, the place where Christ was crucified.— 2. In her- 
aldry, a cross so called, set upon steps. 

CALVE, (cav) v. i. [Sax. calfian.] 1. To bring forth young, 
as a cow. — 2. In a metaphorical sense, to bring forth ; to 
produce. 

CALVES'-SNOUT, n. A plant, snap-dragon, antirrhinuvi 

fCALVER, V. t. To cut in slices. B. Jonson. 

JCALV'ER, V. i. To shrink by cutting, and not fall to 
pieces. 

CAL'VILLE, n. [Fr.] A sort of apple. 

CAL'VIN-ISM, n. The theological tenets or doctrines of 
Calvin. 

€AL'VIN-IST, 71. A follower of Calvin ; one who em- 
braces the theological doctrines of Calvin . 

€AL-VIN-IST'I€, ) a. Pertaining to Calvin, or to his 

CAL-VIN-IST'I-CAL, \ opinions in theology. 

CALVISH, (c'av'ish) a. Like a calf. [More properly, calf- 
ish.] Sheldon. 

CALX, n. ; plu. Calxes, or Calces. [L.] Properly, lime 
or chalk ; but more appropriately, the substance of a metal 
or mineral which remains after being subjected to violent 
heat, or solution by acids. 

€A-LYC'I-NAL, } a. Pertaining to a calyx ; situated on a 

CAL'Y-CINE, ^ calyx. 

CAL'Y-CLE, 71. [L. calyculus.] In botany, a row of small 
leaflets, at the base of the calyx, on the outside. 

CA-LYC'U-LATE, or CAL'Y-CLED, a. Having a calycle 
at the base on the outside. 

€A-LYP'TER, n. [Gr. KaXvTTTvp.] The calyx of mosses, ac- 
cording to Linne 

Ca'LYX, 71. ; plu. Calyxes. [L. calyx,] The outer cov- 
ering of a flower. 

CAL-ZOONS', n. [Sp, cahones.] Drawei-s. [J\rot Eng- 
lish.] Herbert. 

CA-Ma'IEU. See Cameo. 

CAM'BER, 71. [Fr. cambrer.] Among builders, camber or 
camber-beam is a piece of timber cut archwise, used in 
platforms. 

CAM'BER-ING, ppr. or a. Bending; arched. 

CAM'BIST, n. [It. cambista.] A banker ; one who deals 
in notes and bills of exchange. Christ. Obs. 

CAMB'LET. See Camlet. 

CaM'BRIC, 71. A species of fine white linen, made of flax, 



♦ See Synopsis, A, E, I, O, tj, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PTN, MARINE, BIRD •,— t Obsolete 



CAM 



119 



CAN 



said to be named from Cambray, in Flanders, where it was 

first mai.ufactured. 

CAME, pret. of come, which see. 

t/AME, n. A slender rod of cast lead, of which glaziers 
make their turned lead. 

€AM'EL, n. [L. cameius.] 1. A large quadruped used in 
Asia and Africa for carrying burdens, and for riders. 2. 
In Holland, camel, [or kameel, as Coxe writes it,] is a 
machine for lifting ships. 

€AiVl'EL-BA€KED, a. Having a back like a camel. 

€A-Me'LE-ON MIN'E-RAL [See Chameleon.] A com- 
pound of pure potash and black oxyd of manganese. 

* €AM'EL-0-PAIlD, n. [L. camelus and pardalis.] The 
giraff, a species constituting the genus camelopardalis. 

€AM'E-LOT. See Camlet. 

€AM'E-0, €A-Ma'1FU, or €A-Ma'YEU, n. [It. cammeo ; 
Fr. camayeu.] A peculiar sort of onyx. 

€AM'E-RA 0K-S€U'RA, or dark chamber, in optics, an 
apparatus representing an artificial eye, in which the 
images of external objects, received through a double con- 
vex glass, are exhibited distinctly, and in their native 
colors, on a white matter, placed within the machine, in 
the focus of the glass. 

€AM'E-RADE, n. [L. camera.] One who lodges or resides 
in the same apartment 5 now comrade. 

€AM-ER-A-LIS'TI€, a. Pertaii^g to finance and public 
revenue. 

€AM-ER-A-LIS'TI€S, n. [G. earner alist.] The science of 
finance, or public revenue. 

€AM'ER- ATE, w. t. [L. camero.J To vault; to ceil. [L.u.] 

€AM'ER-A-TED, a. [L. earner atus.] Arched ; vaulted. 

€AM-ER-A'TION, n. An arching at vaulting. 

€AM'IS, n. [It. camice.~\ A thin dress. [JVot English.] 

€AM-IS-aDE', 71. [Fr.] An attack by surprise, at night or 
at break of day, when the enemy is supposed to be in bed. 

€AM'IS-A-TED, a. Dressed with a shirt outwards. Johnson. 

CAM'LET, n. [from camel ; sometimes written camelot 
and camblet.] A stuflT originally made of camel's hair. 
It is now made sometimes of wool, sometimes of sUk, 
sometimes of hair, especially that of goats, with wool or 
silk. 

€AM'LET-ED, a. Colored or veined. Herbert. 

€AM'MO€, n. [Sax. cammoc, or cammec] A plant, petty 
whin or jest-harrow, ononis. 

€AM'0-MlLE, 71. [Fr. camomille.] A genus of plants, an- 
themis, of many species. 

€AM'OUS,or€A-MOYS',a. [Fr. camus.] Flat ; depressed ; 
applied only to the nose, and little used, 

CAM'OLTSED, a. Depressed ; crooked. Ben Jonson. 

€AM'OUS-LY, adv. Awry. Skelton. 

Cx'^MP, 71. [L. campus; Fr. camp and champ. \ 1. The 
ground on which an army pitch their tents. 2. The order 
or arrangement of tents, or disposition of an army, for 
rest. 3. An army. Hume. 

€AMP, V. t. or i. To rest or lodge, as an army, usually 
in tents ; to pitch a camp 5 to fix tents : but seldom tised. 
See Encamp. 

€AMP'-FlGHT, n. In law writers, a trial by duel, or the 
legal combat of two champions. 

€AM-PaIGN', ) (kam-pane') n. [Fr. campagne.] 1. An 

€AM-PaIN', \ open field ; a large, open plain ; an ex- 
tensive tract of ground without considerable hills. [See 
Champaign.] 2. The time that an army keeps the field, 
either in action, marches, or in camp, without entermg 
into winter quarters. 

€AM-PaIGN', v. i. To serve in a campaign. 

€AM-PaIGN'ER, (kam-pa'ner) n. One who has served in 
an ariny several campaigns ; an old soldier ; a veteran. 

€AM-Pa'NA, n. [L.] The pasque-flower. 

€AM-Pa'NI-A. The same as campaign. 

€AM-PAN'I-F0RM, a. [L. campana.] In the shape of a 
bell ; applied to flowers. 

CAM-PA-NOL'O-GY, n. [L. campana.] The art of ringing 
bells. 

€AM-PAN'U-LA,w. [L.J The bell-flower. 

€AM-PAN'U-LATE, a. f L. campanula.] In the form of a 
bell. _ 

€Aai-PKACH'Y-WOOD, n. From Campeachy, in Mexico. 
See Logwood. 

€AM-PES'TRAL, ) a. [L. campestris.] Pertaining to an 

€AM-PES'TRI-AN, \ open field ; growmg in a field or 
open ground. 

CAM'PHOR, n. properly cafor. [Low L. camphora ; Fr. 
camphre.] A solid, concrete juice or exudation, from the 
laurus camphora, or Indian laurel-tree. It has a bitterish, 
aromatic taste, and a very fragrant smell, and is a power- 
ful diaphoretic. 

CAM'PHOR, V. t. To impregnate or wash with camphor. 
[Little used.] 

€AM'PHO-RATE, n. In chemistry, a compound of the acid 
of camphor, with dhferent bases. 

eAM'PHO-RATE, a Pertaining to camphor, or impreg- 
nated with it. 

€AM'PHO-RA-TED, a. Impregnated with camphor. 



€AM-PHOR'I€, a. Pertaining to camphor. 

€AM'PHOR-OIL. See Camphok-tree. 

€AM'PHOR-TREE, 7i. The tree from whicti camphor u 
obtained, found in Borneo and Japan. 

€AM-PIL'LA, n. A plant of a new genus, used by dyers. 

CAMP'ING, ppr. Encamping. 

CAMPTNG, n. A playing at football. Bryant. 

€AMP'I-ON, 71. A platit, the popular name of the lychnis. 

■CAM'US, or€AM'IS, 71. [L. cainisa.] A thin dress. [J\'bi 
English.] Spenser. 

CAN, 71. [D.kan; Sax. ca7i7ia.J A cup or vessel for liquors 

CAN, V. i. pret. could, which is from another root. [See 
Could.] [Sax. cumian. to know, to be able ; Dan. kan, 
to be able.] To be able ; to have sufficient mora' or 
physical power, or capacity. 

fCAN, w. t. To know. Spenser. 

CAN'- BUOY, n. In seamanship, a buoy in form of a cone. 

CAN'-HOOK, 71. An instrument to sling a cask by the ends 
of its staves 

CA.-NAiDI-AN,a. Pertaining to Canada. 

€A-Na'D1-AN, n. An inhabitant or native of Cai.ada. 

CA-NaILLE', 77. [¥v. canaille.] Tlie coarser part of meal-, 
hence, the lowes't people ; lees ; dregs ; oflscouring. 

CAN'A-KIN, 71. A little can or cup. Shak. 

€A-NAL', 71. [L. canalis.] 1. A passage for water; a 
water-course ; properly, a long trench or excavation in 
the earth for conducing water, and confining it to narrow 
Ihnits ; but the term may be applied to other water- 
courses.— 2. In anatomy, a duct or passage in the body of 
an animal, through which any of the juices floW; or other 
substances pass. 3. A surgical instrument ; a splint. 

* CA-NAL'-CoAL. See Cannel-coal. 

Cx\N-A-LIC'U-LATE, ) a. [L. canaliculatus.] Channel- 

€AN-A-Lie'U-LA-TED, \ ed ; furrowed. In botany, 
having a deep longitudinal groove above, and convex un- 
derneath. 

€A-Na'RY, 7i. 1. Wine made in the Canary isles. 2. An 
old dance. — Shakspeare has used the word as a vc7-b in a 
kind of cant phrase. 

€A-Na'RY, v. i. To dance ; to frolic. 

€A-NA'RY-BiRD, n. A singing bird from the Canary isles, 
a species offringilla. 

€A-Na'RY-GR&SS,71. a plant, the phalaris. 

€AN'CEL, V. t. [Fr. canceller.] 1. To cross the lines of a 
writing, and deface tliem ; to" blot out or obliterate. 2. 
To annul, or destroy ; as, to cancel an obligation or a debt. 

tCAN'CEL, V. i. To become obliterated. Cowley. 

€AN'CE-LA-TED, a. [L. cancellatus.] Cross-barred ; mark- 
ed with cross lines. 

€AN-CE-La'T10N, 71. The act of defacing by cross lines ; 
a canceling. 

€AN'CELED, pp. Crossed ; obliterated ; annulled. 

CAN'CEL-ING, ppr. Crossing ; obliterating ; annulling. 

CAN'CER, 71. [L. cancer ; Sax. cancre.] 1. The crab, or 
crab-fish.— 2. In astronomy, one of the twelve signs of 
the zodiac, the sign of the summer solstice, represented 
by the form of a crab. — 3. In medicine, a roundish, hard, 
unequal, scirrous tumor of the glands, which usually ul- 
cerates, is very painful, and generally fatal. 

€AN'CER-ATE, 7;. i. To grow into a cancer ; to become 
cancerous. 

€AN-CER-a'TION, 71. A growing cancerous, or into a 
cancer. 

eAN'CER-OUS, a. Like a cancer ; having the qualities of 
a cancer. 

CAN'CER-OUS-NESS, n. The state c,f being cancerous. 

€AN'eRI-FORM, a. 1., Cancerous. 2. Having the form 
of a cancer or crab. 

€AN'€RiNE, a. Having the qualities of a crab. 

CAN'CRITE, n. A fossil or petrified crdD. 

€AN'DENT, a. [L. candsns.] Very hot ; heated to white- 
ness ; glowing with heat. 

CAN'DI-CANT, a. Growing white. Diet. 

CAN'DID, a. [L. candidus.] 1. White. Dryden. [But in 
this sense rarely ^ised.] 2. Fair ; open ; frank ; ingenu- 
ous • free from undue bias ; disposed to think and judge 
according to truth and justice, or without partiality or 
prejudice. 3. Fair ; just ; impartial. 

CAN'DIDATE, n. [L. candidatus.] 1. A man who seeks 
or asph-es to an office. 2. One who is in contemplation 
for an office, or for preferment. 3. One who, by his ser- 
vices or actions, will or may justly obtain preferment or 
reward, or whose conduct tends to secure it. 4. A man 
who is qualified, according to the rules of the church, to 
preach the gospel, and take the charge of a parish or reli- 
gious society, and proposes to settle in the ministry. U. 
States. 5. One who is in a state of trial or probation. 

f CAN'DI-DATE, v. t. To render fit as a candidate. Felt- 
ham. . , 

€AN'DID-LY, adv. Openly ; frankly ; without trick or 
disguise ; ingenuously. . 

€AN'DID-NESS, n Openness of mind ; frankness ; fair- 
ness ; ingenuousness. . 

€AN'DIED, pi7. or a. Preserved with sugar, or mcrustea 



See Syn^ypsis MC VE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K : C as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH : TH as in this t Obsolete 



CAN 



120 



CAN 



with it ; covered with crystals of sugar or ice, or with 
matter resembling them. 

€AN'DI-F^, V. t. To make white, or candid. 

€AN'DI-FY, V. i. To become candid. 

€AN'DLE,?i. [L.,Sp., It., ca?i«feZa.] 1. A long, but small 
cylindrical body of tallow, wax or spermaceti, formed on 
a wick, used for a portable light of domestic use. 2. A 
light. 3. A light ; a luminary. 

CANDLE-BER-RY-TREE, n. The myrica cerifera, or 
wax-bearing myrtle. 

€AxV'DLE-B6MB, n. A small glass bubble, filled with wa- 
ter, placed in the wick of a candle, where it bursts with 
a report. 

CAN DLE-HOLD-ER, n. A person that holds a candle. 

eAN'DLE-LlGHT, n. The light of a candle ; the necessary 
candles for use. 

CAN'DLE-MAS, n. [candle and inass ; Sax. mcessa ; can- 
dle-feast.] The feast of the church, celebrated on the sec- 
ond day of February, in honor of the purification of the 
Virgin Mary ; so called from the great number of hghls 
used on that occasion. 

€AN'DLE-STI€K, n. [Sax. candel-sticca.] An mstrument 
or utensil to hold a candle. 

€AN'DLE-STUFF, n. A material of which candles are 
made, as tallow, wax, &c. 

€AN'DLE-WaS'TER, 11. One who wastes or consumes 
candles ; a hard student ; a spendthrift. Shale. 

€AN'DLE$-ENDS, n. Scraps ; fragments. 

€AN'DO€, n. A plant or weed that grows in rivers. 

€AN'DOR, n. [L. candor.] Openness of heart ; frankness ; 
ingenuousness of mind ; a disposition to treat subjects 
with fairness ; freedom from tricks or disguise ; sincerity. 

GAN'DY, t;. t. [It. candire.] 1. To conserve or dress with 
sugar ; to boil in sugar. 2. To form into congelations or 
crystals. 3. To cover or incrust with congelations, or 
crystals of ice. 

GAN'DY, V. i. To form into crystals, or become congealed ; 
to take on the form of candied sugar. 

©AN'DY-ING, ppr. Conserving with sugar. 

€AN'DY-ING, n. The act of preserving simples in sub- 
stance, by boiling them in sugar. 

€AN'OY-Ll'ON'S-FOOT, n. A plant. Miller. 

€AN'DY-TUFTS, 71. 1. A plant, the t&em. 2. A Cretan 
flower. 

€AN'DY-TUFT-TRES, n. A plant. Chambers. 

€ANE, n. [L. canna.] 1. In butany, this term is applied 
to several species of plants. [See Sugar-cane.] 2. A 
walking-stick. 3. A lance or dart made of cane. Dryden. 
4. A long measure, in several countries of Europe. 

€ANE, V. t. To beat with a cane or walking-stick, 

€ANE'-BRAKE, ?!. A thicket of canes. 

€ANE'-HOLE, ?i. A hole or trench for planting the cut- 
tings of cane, on sugar plantations. 

€ANE'-TRASH, n. Refuse of canes. 

€A-NES'CENT, a. [L. canescens.] Growing white or 
hoary. 

€A-NI€'U-LA, or €-AJNI-€ULE, n. [L. canicula.] A star 
in the constellation of Canis Major, called also the dog- 
star, or Sirius. 

€A-NI€'U-LAR, a. [L. canicularis.] Pertaining to the 
dog-star. 

CA-NiNE', a. [Ij.canmis.] Pertaming to dogs ; having the 
properties or qualities of a dog ; as, a canine appetite, in- 
satiable hunger; canine madness, or hydrophobia. — Ca- 
nine teeth are two shari)-pointed teeth in each jaw of an 
animal, one on each side, between the incisors and grind- 
ers ; so named from their resemblance to a dog's teeth. 

GaN'ING, 71. A beating with a stick or cane. 

€AN'IS-TER, n, [L. canistrum.] Properly, a small basket, 
as in Dryden ; but mors generally, a small box or case, for 
tea, coffee, &c. 

CANK'ER, 7i. [L. cancer; Sax. cancer e, or cancre.] 1. A 
disease incident to trees, which causes the bark to rot and 
fall. 2. A popular name of certain small eroding ulcers 
in the mouth, particularly of children. 3. A virulent, 
corroding ulcer; or any thing that corrodes, corrupts, 
or destroys. 4. An eating, corrodhig, virulent humor; 
corrosion. 5. A kind of rose, the dog-rose 6. In far- 
riery, a running thrush of the worst kmd ; a disease in 
horses' feet. 

€ANK'ER, V. t 1. To eat, corrode, corrupt, consume, m 
the manner that a cancer affects the body. 2. To uifect, 
or pollute. 

eANK'ER, V. i. To grow corrupt ; to decay, or waste away 
by means of any noxious cause ; to grow rusty, or to be 
oxydized, as a metal. 

€AN-I<;'ER-BIT, a. Bitten with a cankered or envenomed 
tooth. Shak. 

€ANK'ERED, pp. 1. Corrupted. 2. a. Crabbed; uncivil. 
Spenser. 

€ANK ER-ED-LY, adv. Crossly ; adversely. 

€ANK'ER-FLy, n. A fly that preys on fruit. 

CANKER-LTKE, a. Eating or corrupting like a canker. 

€ANK'£R-OLrS, a. Corroding like a canker. 



€ANK'ER-W6RM, n. A worm, destructive to trees or 
plants. In America, this name is given to a worm 
that, in some years, destroys the weaves and fruit of ap- 
ple-trees. 

CAIVK'ER-Y, a. Rusty. 

€AJN^'NA-BlNE, a. [L. canndbinus.] Pertaining to hemp 
hempen. 

*€AN'NEL-€oAL, or €AN'DLE-€oAL, n. A hard, 
opake, inflammable fossil coal of a black color, sufficient- 
ly solid to be cut and polished. 

€AN'NE-aUIN, 71. White cotton cloth from the East In- 
dies, suitable for the Guinea trade. 

€AN'NI-BAL, n. A human being that eats human flesh ; a 
man-eater, or anthropophagite. 

CAN'NI-BAL-ISM, n. 1. The act or practice of eating hu- 
man flesh, by mankind. 2. Murderous cruelty ; barbar- 
ity. 

€AN'NI-BAL-LY, atZu. In the manner of a cannibal Shak 

€AN'NI-PERS. See Callipers. 

€AN'NON, 7(. [Fr. canon.] A large military engine for 
tlnrowing balls, and other instruments of death, by the 
force of guiipowder. 

€A]\-NO?i.-aI)E', ?!. The act of discharging cannon and 
throwing balls, for the purpose of destroying an army, oi 
battering a to-wn, ship, or fort. 

CAN-NON-aDE', v.t. To, attack with heavy artillery ; to 
batter with cannon-show 

CAN-NON-aDE', v. i. To discharge cannon ; to play with 
large guns. 

€AN'N0N-BALL, 71. A ball, usually made of cast-iron, to 
be thrown from cannon. — Cannon-bullet, of the like signi- 
fication, is not now used. 

CAN-NON-EER', \ n. A man who manages cannon ; an en- 

GAN-NON-IeR', \ gineer. 

€AN'NON-TNG, n. The noise as it were of a cannon. 
Breiccr. 

CAN'NON-PROOF, a. Proof against cannon-shot. 

CANNON-SHOT, n. A ball for cannon ; also, the range or 
distance a cannon will throw a bali. 

CAN'NOT, [ca?i and 7(of.] These words ai'e usually united, 
but perhaps witliout good reason ; canst and not are never 
united. 

€AN'NU-LAR, a. [h. canna.] Tubular; having the form 
of a tube. 

CA-NOE', (ka-noo') n. [Fr. canot ; Sp. canoa.] 1. A boat 
formed of the body or trunk of a tree excavated. 2. A 
boat made of bark or skins, used by savages. 

CAN'ON, 7i. [Sax., Fr., Sp., Port, canon.] 1. In ecclesias- 
tical affairs, a law, or rule of doctrine or discipline. 2. A 
law or rule in general. 3. The genuine books of the Holy 
Scriptures, called the sacred canon. 4. A dignitary of the 
church. Regular canons live in monasteries or in com- 
munity, and to the practice of their rules have added the 
profession of vows — 5 In monasteries, a book contamuig 
the rules of the order. 6. A catalogue of saints canon- 
ized. 7. The secret words of the mass from the preface 
to the Pater. — 8. In ancient music, a rule or method for 
determining the intervals of notes.r-9. In modern music, 
a kind of perpetual fugue, in which the different parts, 
begmning one after another, repeat incessantly the same 
air. Busby. — 10. In geometry and a/ oeir-a, a general rale 
for tlie solution of cases of a like n ature with the present 
inquiry. Every last step of an equation is a canon. — 11 
In pharmacy, a rule for compounding medicines. — 12. In 
surgery, an instrument used in sewing up wounds. — 
Canon-law is a collection of ecclesiastical laws, serving 
as the rule of church government. 

€AN'ON-BlT, 7!. That part of a bit let into a horse's 
mouth. 

CANON-ESS, 71. A woman who enjoys a prebend, affixed, 
by the foundation, to maids, without obliging them to 
make anv vows, or renounce the world. 

CA-NON'IC, a. Canonical. 

CA-NON'I-CAL, a. [L. canonicus.] Pertaining to a canon ■ 
according to the canon or rule. — Canonical books, or canon- 
ical Script7u-es, are those books of the Scriptures which are 
admitted, by the canons of the church, to be of divine ori- 
gin. 

€A-NON'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a manner agreeable to the 
canon. 

CA-NON'I-CAL-NESS, n. The quality of being canonical 

€A-NON'I-eALS, n. plu. The full dress of the clergy, 
worn when they officiate. 

CA-NON'I-CATE, n. The office of a canon. 

CAN'ON-IST, 77. A professor of canon law ; one skilled in 
the study and practice of ecclesiastical law. 

CAN-ON-IST'IC, a. Having the knowledge of a canonist. 

GAN-ON-I-Za'TION, n. 1. The act of declaring a man a 
saint, or the act of ranking a deceased person in the cata- 
logue of^saints. 2. The state of being sainted. 

€AN'ON-iZE, V. t. To declare a man a saint, and rank hun 
in the catalogue called a canon. 

€AN'ON-RY, )n. An ecclesiastical benefice in a cathe- 

€AN'ON-SHIP, \ dral or coneg;ae church. 



SeeSynopsu A. E, I, O U 1?, iow^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. 



CAN 



121 



CAP 



tJAN'O-PIED, a. Covered with a canopy. 

GAN'O-PY, n. [Gr. /cwvwTrtiov.] 1. A covering over a 
throne, or over a bed •, more generally, a covering over 
tlie head. — 2. In architecture and sculpture, a magnificent 
decoration, serving to cover and crown an altar, tlu-oue, 
tribunal, pulpit, chair, or tlie like. 

GANO-FY, V. t. To cover with a canopy. 

GA-No'ROUS, a. [L. canorus,] Musical ; tuneful. 

€A-No'ROUS-NESS, n. Musicalness. 

€ANT, V. t. [L. canto.'] 1. In popular visage, to turn about, 
or to turn over, by a sudden push or thrust-, as, to ctt?)« 
over a cask. Mar. Diet. 2. To loss. 3. To speak with 
a whining voice, or an aftected, singing tone. \In this 
sense it is usually intransitive.] 4. To sell by auction, or 
to bid a price at auction. Swift. 

€ANT, n. 1. A toss ; a throw, thrust, or push, with a sud- 
den jerk. 2. A whining, singing manner of speech ; a 
quaint, affected mode of uttering words, either in conver- 
sation or preaching. 3. The whining speech of beggars, 
as in asking alms, and making complaints of their dis- 
tresses. 4. The peculiar words and phrases of profes- 
sional men ; phrases often repeated, or not well autlior- 
ized. 5. Any barbarous jargon in speech. 6. Whining 
pretension to goodness. 7. Outcry, at a public sale of 
goods ; a call for bidders at an auction. 

€ANT, n. [D. kant.] A niche ;% corner, or retired place. 

€AN-Ta'BRI-AN, a. Pertaining to Cantabria. 

€AN'TA-LIV-ER, n. [cantle and eaves.] In architecture, 
a piece of wood, framed into the front or side of a house, 
to suspend the molding and eaves over it. 

€AN'Ta5iO, j "• ^" eastern weight. 

€AN-Ta'TA, n. [It.] A poem set to music ; a composition 
or song, intermixed with recitatives and airs, cliiefly in- 
tended for a single voice. 

t€AN-TA'TION, n. A singing. 

eAN-TEEN', n. [It. cantina.] A tin vessel used by soldiers 
for carrviug liquor for drink. 

€AN'TE-LEUP, n. A variety of muskmelon. 

€ANT'ER, V. i. [Arm. cantreal.] To move as a horse in a 
moderate gallop, raising the two fore feet nearly at the 
eame time, with a leap or spring. 

€aNT'ER, v. t. To ride upon a canter. 

€ANT'ER, 71. 1. A moderate gallop. 2. One who cants, or 
whines. 

€ANT'ER-BUR-Y-BELL, (kan'ter-ber-re-bel') ii. A species 
of campanula. See Bell-flower. 

€ANT ER-BUR-Y-GAL'LOP, n. The gallop of a horse, 
commonly called a canter ; said to be derived from the 
pilgrims riding to Canterbury on easy, ambling horses. 

CANTER-BUR-Y TALE, n. A fabulous story; so called 
from the tales of Chaucer. 

€ANT'ER-ING, ppr. Moving or riding with a slow gal- 
lop. 

CAN-THART-DIN, n. That peculiar substance existing in 
the meloe vesicatorius, or cantharides, which causes vesi- 
cation. 

eAN-THA'RIS, or plu. CAN-THAR'I-DE.'S, n. [Gr. Kavda- 
jJK-] Spanish flies •, a species of meZoe. 

€ANTH'US, 71. [Gr. Kavdo?.] Anangleof the eye ; a cavity 
at the extremities of the eyelids. 

€AN'TI-€LE, n. [Sp. and It. cantico.] 1. A song.— In the 
plural, Canticles, the Song of Songs, or Song of Solomon. 
2. A canto ; a division of a song ; [obs.] 

€AN'TI-LIV-ERS, n. Pieces of wood framed into the front 
or sides of a house, to sustain the m.olding over it. Moxon. 

€AN'TIL-LATE, v. t. [L. cantillo.] To chant •, to recite 
with musicjil tones. jM. Stuart. 

€AN-TIL-La'TION, ?!. A chanting; recitation with mu- 
sical modulations. 

CANT'ING, ppr. I, Throwing with a sudden jerk ; toss- 
ing. 2. Speaking with a whine or song-like tone. 

€ANT'ING-LY, adv. With a cant. 

tCAN'TION, 71. A song or verses. Spenser. 

tCAN'TLE, n. [Arm. c hant ell ; Fr. chanteau.] A frag- 
ment; apiece; a portion. Shak. 

tCAX'TLE, V. t. To cut into pieces ; to cut out a piece. 

CANT'LET, n A piece ; a little corner ; a fragment. 

CAN'TO, 7?. [It.] A part or division of a poem, answering 
to what, in prose, is called a look. In Italian, canto is a 
song, "and it signifies, also, the treble part, first treble, or 
highest vocal pail. 

CAN'TON, ?>. [It. cantone.] 1. A small portion of land, 
or division of territory ; also, the inhabitants of a canton. 
2. A small portion or district of territory, constituting a 
distinct stale or government ; as in Switzerland.— 3. In 
neraldry, a corner of the shield. 4. A distinct part or di- 
vision. 

CAN'TON, V. t. [Sp. acantonar.] 1. To divide into small 
parts or districts, as territory. 2. To allot separate quar- 
ters to each reghnent of an army or body of troops. 

ex\N'TON-AL, a. Pertaining to a canton ; divided nito 
cantons. 



I CAN'TONED, ^. Divided into distinct parts or quarters- 
lodged in distinct quarters, as troops. ' 

I €AN'TON-ING, ppr. Dividing into distinct districts ; allot- 
I ting separate quarters to each regiment. 

CAN'TOiV-lZE, V. t. To canton, or divide into small dis- 
tricts. Davics. 

CAN'TON-MENT, 7). A part or division of a town or vil- 
lage, assigned to a particular regiment of troops ; separate 
quarters. 

CANTRED, )??. [\,. centum.] A hundred villages, as in 

CAN'TREE, \ Wales. 

CAN'TY, a. In the north of England, cheerful, talkative 

CAN'VAS, 7?. [Fr. canev as.] 1. A coarse cloth, made of 
hemp or flax, used for tents, sails of sliips, painting, and 
other purposes. 2.. A clear, unbleached cloth, wove reg- 
ularly in little squares, used for working tapestry W7th 
the needle. — 3. Among the French, the rough draught or 
model on which an air or piece of music is composed, and 
given to a poet to finish. — 4. Among seamen, cloth in 
sails, or sails in general. 

CAN'V AS-€LlMB'ER, n. A sailor that goes aloft to handle 
sails. Shak. 

CAIV'VASS, V. t. [Old Fr. cannabasser.] 1. To discuss 
2. To examine returns of votes ; to search or scrutinize. 

CAN'VASS, V. i. To seek, or go about to solicit votes or in- 
terest ; to use efforts to obtain ; to make interest in favor 
of. 

CAN'VASS, n. 1. Examination ; close inspection to know 
the state of. 2. Discussion; debate. 3. A seeking, soli- 
citation, or efforts to obtain. 

CAN'VASSED, pp. Discussed ; examined. 

CAN'VASS-ER, n. 1. One who solicits votes, or goes about 
to make interest. 2. One who examines the returns of 
votes for a public officer. 

CAN'VASS-ING, ppr. Discussing ; examining ; sifting ; 
seeking. 

CAN'VASS-ING, n. The act of discussing, examining, or 
making interest. 

Ca'NY, a. Consisting of cane, or abounding with canes. 

CAN'ZONE, 7). [It.] A song or au- in two or three parts, 
with passages of fugue and imitation. 

CAN'ZO-NET, n. [It. camonetta.] A little or short song, 
in one, two or tliree parts. 

CA-oUT'CHoUC, 71. The Indian name of gum-elastic, or 
Indian rubber, a substance produced trom the syringe-tree 
in South America. 

CAP, n. [Sax. cceppe.] I. A part of dress made to cover 
the head. 2. The ensign of a cardinalate. 3. The top, 
or the uppermost ; the highest. 4. A vessel in form of a 
cap. 5. An act of respect, made by uncovering the head 

CAP, V. t. 1. To cover the top, or end ; to spread over. 
2. To deprive of the caiy, or take off a cap. — To cap 
verses, is to name alternabely verses beginning with a par- 
ticular letter ; to name in opposition or emulation ; to 
name alternately in congest. 

t CAP, V. i.To uncover the head in reverence or civility. 

CAP-A-PIE'. [Fr.] From head to foot ; all over ; as, arm- 
ed cap-a-pie. 

CAP'-Pa-PER, n. A coarse paper, used to make caps to 
hold commodities. 

CAP'-SHeAF, ?i. The top sheaf of a stack of grain ; the 
crowner. 

CA-PA-BIL'I-TY, 77. The quality of being capable ; capa- 
city ; capableness. ShaK. 

Ca'PA-BLE, a. [Fr. capable.] I. Able to hold or contain ; 
able to receive ; sufficiently capacious. 2. Endued with 
power competent to tlie object. 3. Possessing mental 
powers; intelligent: able to understand, or receive into 
the mind ; having a capacious mind. 4. Susceptible. 
5. Qualified for ; susceptible of. 6. Qualified for, in a 
moral sense ; having legal power or capacity. 7. Hollow; 
[obs.] Shak. 

Ca'PA-BLE-NESS, 7?. The state or quality of being capa- 
ble ; capacity ; power of understanding ; knowledge. 

€A-FAC'L-F\,v.t. To qualify. [Unusual.] 

CA-Pa'CIOL S, a. [l^.tapaz.] 1. Wide; large; that will 
hold much. 2. Broad ; extensive. 3. Extensive ; com 
prehensive ; able to take a wide view. 

CA-Pa'CIOUS-LY, adv. in a wide or capacious manner. 

CA-Pa'CIOUS-NESS, n. 1. V^'ideness ; largeness ; as of a 
vessel. 2. Extensiveness ; largeness ; as of a bay. 3. 
Comprehensiveness ; power of taking a wide survey. 

CA-PAC'I-TATE, 7;. «. 1 To make capable; to enable, 
to furnish with natural power. 2. To endue with moral 
qualifications ; to qualify ; to furnish with legal powers. 

CA-PAC'1-TA-TED, pp. Made capable : qualified. 

CA-PAC-I-Ta'TION, n. 1 he act of making capable. 

CA-PAC'I-TY, n. [L. capacitas.] 1. Passive power ; the 
power of containing or holding ; extent of room or space 
2. The extent or comprehensiveness of the mind ; the 
power of receiving ideas or knowledge. 3. Active pow- 
er ; ability. 4. State ; condition ; character ; profession ; 
occupation. 5. Ability, in a moral or legal sense ; qual- 
ification ; legal power or right. — 6. In geometry, the solid 



*See Synopsis. Mv'iVE, BQOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; 6 as J ; <? as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



CAV 



122 



CAP 



contents of a body. — 7. In chemistry, that state, quality 
or constitution of bodies, by whicli they absorb and con- 
lain^ ot reader latent, any fluid. 

€A-PAR I-SON, 71. [Sp. caparazon.l A cloth or covering 
laid over the saddle or furniture of a horse. 

C i-PAIti-SON, V. t. 1. Tu cover with a cloth, as a horse. 
2. To dress pompously 5 to adorn with rich dress. 

GAP €ASE, n. A covered case. {Little used.'] 

CAPE, n. [Sp., Port, caho ; It. l xpo ; Fr. cap.] 1. A head- 
land ; properly, the head, point or termination of a neck 
of land, extending some distance into the sea, beyond tlie 
common shore. 2. The neck-piece of a cloke or coat. 

eAP'E-L.AN, n. A small fish. 

€A-PEL'LA, n. A bright fixed star in auriga. 

CAP EL-LET, n. A khid of swelling, like a wen, growing 
on the heel of the hock on a horse, and on the point of the 
elbow. 

€a'PE11, v.i. [Yx. calrer.] To leap ; to skip or jump 5 to 
prance ; to spring. 

€a PER, n. A leap ; a skip ; a spring ; as in dancing or 
mirth, or in the frolick of a goat or lamb. 

€A'PEit, n. [Fr. capre.] The bud of the caper-bush, which 
is much used for pickling. 

€A'PER-BySH. See Caper. 

Ca'PER-CCT'TING, a. Leaping or dancing in a frolick- 
some manner. Beaum. 

CaPER-EE, n. One who capers, leaps and skips about, or 
dances. 

Ca'PER-ING, ppr. Leaping ; skipping. 

Ca PI-AS, n.' [L. capio.] In law, a writ of two sorts ; one 
before judgment, the other after judgment. 

CAP'I-BAR, 71. An animal partaking of the form of a hog 
and of a rabbit, the cabjai. 

CAP-IL-LaCEOUS, a. [L. capillaceus.] Hairy ; resem- 
bling a hair. See Capillary. 

CA-PIL-LaIRE', n. [Fr.l A kind of sirup, extracted from 
maiden-hair. 

CA-PIL'LA-MENT, n. [L, capillamentum.] 1. The fila- 
jnent, a small fine thread, like a hair, that grows in the 
middle of a flower, with a little knob at the top ; a chive. 
2. A fine fibre, or filament, of which the nerves are com- 
posed. 

* €AP'IL-LA-RY, a. [L. capillaris.] ]. Resembling a hah, 
fine, minute, small in diameter, though long. — 2. In bot- 
any, capillary plants are hair-shaped, as the fems. 

CAPiL-LA-RY, n, A fine vessel or canal. Daricin. 

t €AP-IL-La'TION, n. A blood-vessel like a hair. 

eA-PIL'LI-FORM, a. [L. capillus Rud forma.] In the shape 
or form of a liair, or of hairs. 

e \P 1-TAL, a. [L. capitalUi.] 1. Literally, pertaining to 
the head. [ This use is not commoji.] 2. Chief 5 principal ; 
first in importance. 3. Punishable by loss of the head or 
of life 5 incuiTing the forfeiture of life ; punishable with 
death. 4. Taking away life, or affecting life. 5. Great, 
important. 6. Large; of great size; as, ca;);tf/Z letters. — 
Capital stock is the sum ot money or stock which a mer- 
chant, banker or jnanufacturer employs in his business. 

CAP'I-TAL, 71. [L,. capitellum.] The uppermost part of a 
column, pillar or pilaster. — By the customary omission of 
tlie noun, to which the adjective, capital, refers, it stands 
for, 1. The chief city or town in a kingdom or state : a 
metropolis. 2. A large letter or type, in printing-. '3. A 
stock in trade, in manufactures, or hi any business requir- 
ing the expenditure of money witli a view to profit. 

€AP'I-TAL-1ST, 11. A man who has a capital or stock in 
trade. Burke. 

€AP'I-TAL-LY, adv. 1. In a capital manner ; noblv ; 
finely. 2. With loss of life. 

CAPI-TAL-NEbS, n. A capital offense. [Little used.] 

CAP'I-TATE, a. [L. capitatus.] In botany, growing in a 
head, applied to a flower, or stigma. 

€-VP-I-Ta'TIOX, ?!. [h. capitatio.] ]. Numeration by the 
head : a numbering of persons. 2. A tax, or imposition 
upon each head or person ; a poll-tax. Sometimes written 
Capitatiun-tax. 

€AP'1-TE. [L. caput.] In English law, a tenant 171 capite, 
or in chief, is one who holds lands immediately of the 
kins. 
€AP T-TO'L, n. [L. capitolium.] 1 The temple of Jupiter, 
in Fi.ome, and a fort, or castle, on the JJoiis Capilolinus. 
2. The edifice occupied by the Congress of the United 
£tates in their deliberations. In some states, the stale- 
house, or house in which the legislature holds its sessions. 
€AP-I-To'LI-AN, a. Pertaining to the capitol in Rome. 
€\PI-TO-LlXE, a. Pertaining^to the capitol in Rome. 
CA-PIT'U-LAR, or €A-PiT'U-LA-RY, v. [I., capitulum ] 
1. x\n act passed in a chapte-r, either of knights, canons or 
religious. 2. The body of laws or statutes of a chapter, 
or of an ecclesiastical council. 3. The member of a chap- 
ter. 
CA-PIT'U-LAR-LY, adv. In the form of an ecclesiastical 

chapter. Swift. 
CA-PIT'LT-LA-RY, a. Relating lo the chapter of a cathe- 
dral. 



€A-PIT'TT-LATE, v i. 1. To drawup a wiituig in chap- 
ters, heads or articles ; [obs.] Shak. 2. To surrender, as 
an army or garrison, to an enemv, by treaty. 

€A-PiT-U La'TION, n. 1. The act of capitulating, or sur- 
rendering to an enemy upon stipulated terms. 2. The 
treaty or instrument containing the conditions of surren- 
der. 3. A reducing to heads ; [not much used.] 

CA-PIT'U-LA-TOR, 71. One who capitulates, 

jCAP'I-TULE, n. A summary. Wickliffe. 

CA-Pi'VI, 71. A balsam of the Spanish West-Indies. See 
Copaiba. 

€AP'NO-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. Kaizvog and p.avT£ia.] Divina- 
tlonby the ascent or motion of smoke. 

€A-PoCH', n [Sp. capucho.] A monk's hood. 

t €A-PoCH', V. t. Uncertain ; perhaps to strip off the hood 
Hudibras. 

€a PON, (ka'pn) n. [Sp. capon.] A castrated cock. 

Ca'PON, v.t. To castrate, as a cock. Birch. 

€AP-ON-NIeRE', 7i. [Fr.] In /yra>"cflfio7i, a covered lodg- 
ment, sunk four or five feet into the ground, encompassed 
with a parapet. 

CA-POT', n. [Fr.] A winning of all the tricks of cards at 
the game of piquet. 

CA-POT', V. t. To win all the tricks of cards at piquet. 

•CAPPER, 71. One whosa, business is to make or sell 
caps. ^ 

€AP'RE-0-LATE, a. [L. capreolus.] In botany, having 
tendrils, or filiform spiral claspers. 

€A-PRiCE', n. [Fr. caprice.] A sudden start of the mind ; 
a sudden change of opinion, or hmnor ; a whim, freak, 
or particular fancJ^ 

CA-PRI CI-Il-O, n. Freak; fancy. Shak. 

CA-PRi"CIOUS, a. Freakish ; whimsical ; apt to change 
opinions suddenly, or to start from one's purpose ; un- 
steady ; changeable ; fickle ; fanciful ; subject to change 
or irregularity. 

€A-PRl 'CIOUS-LY, adv. In a capricious manner ; whim- 
sicallv. 

eA-PRl"CIOUS-NESS, ?!. .1. The quality of being led by 
caprice ; whimsicalness ; unsteadiness of purpose or opin- 
ion. 2. Unsteadiness ; liableness to sudden changes. 

€AP'RI-€OEN, 11. [L. capricornus.] One of the twelve 
signs of the zodiac, the winter solstice. 

€AP-RI-FI-€aT10N, n. [L. caprificatio.] A method of 
ripening figs by means of a gnat or insect that pricks the 
bud. 

€AP'RI-F0LE, 71. [L. caprifoliuin.] Honeysuckle ; wood- 
bine. Spenser. 

CAl'RI-FORM, a. [L. caper and forma.] Having the form 
of a goat. Eel. Rev. 

€AP'Ri-OLE, 72. [Fr., now cabriole : Sp., Port, cabriola.] 
In the manege, caprioles are leaps that a horse makes in 
the same place without advancing. 

CAPRI-PED, a. [L. caper and^es.] Having feet like those 
of a goat. 

CAP'SI-CUM, «. Guinea pepper. Chambers. 

€AP-SlZE', V. t. To upset or overturn ; a sea7ncni's phrase. 
Mar. Diet. 

CAP'STAN, 7!. sometimes written capstef-n. [Fr. cabestan.l 
A strong, massy column of timber, formed like a truncated 
cone, and having its upper extremity pierced, to receive 
bars or levers, for winding a rope round it, to raise great 
weights. 

C \pIu-L a^^'y ! '^- follow, like a chest. 

€AP'SU-LATE, I a. Inclosed in a capsuie, or as in a 

CAP 'SU-LA-TED, \ chest or box. 

CAPSULE, ?;. [h. capsula.] 1. The seed-vessel of a plant. 
2. A small saucer made of clay for roasting samples of 
ores for melting them. 

CAP'TAIN, (kap'tin) n. [Fr. capitaine.] 1. Literally, a 
head or chief officer ; appropriately, the military officer 
who commands a company. 2. The commander of a 
ship. 3. The commander of a military band. 4. A man 
skilled in war or military affairs. 5. A chief commander. 
Shak. But in this sense rarely used, but in composi- 
tion. 

Captain-General is the commander in chief of an army, or 
of the militia. — Captain-Lieutenant is an oflicer, who, 
with the rank of captain and pay of lieutenant, com- 
mands a company or troop. — Captain-Bashau, or Capu- 
dan-Bashaic, in Turkey, is the high admiral. 

CAP'TAIN, a. Chief; valiant. Shak. 

€AP'TAIN-CY, 71. 1. The rank, post or commission of a 
captain. Washington. 2. The jurisdiction of a captain, 
or commander, as in South A7nerica. 

CAP'TAIN-RY, n. The power or command over a certain 
district ; chieftainship. Spenser. 

CAP'TAIN-SHIP, n. 1. The condition or post of a captain 
or chief commander. 2. The rank, quahty or post of a 
captain. 3. The command of a clan, or government of a 
certain district. 4. Skill in military affairs. 

€AP-Ta'TION, 77. [L. captatio.] The act or practice of 
catching favor or applause by flattery or address. 



»unopsis. A, E, T, 5, U, -y, lon-g.—FAli, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PTN MARlNE. BIRD ;.— 



t Obsolete 



CAR 



123 



CAR 



€AFTION, n. [L. capiio.] 2. The act of taking, or appre- 
hending by a judicial process ; [little used.] 2. A certifi- 
cate signed by coniinissioners in chancery, declaring 
wlien and where tlie commission was executed. 3. A 
preamble. 

CAP'TIOUS, a. [L. captiosus.'] 1. Disposed to find fault, or 
raise objections ; apt to cavil. 2. Fitted to catch or in- 
snare ; insidious. 3. Proceeding from a caviling dispo- 
sition. 

€AP TIOUS-LY, adv. In a captious manner ; with an in- 
clination or intention to object ar censure. 

€AP'T10US-NESS, n. Disposition to find fault ; inclination 
to object ; peevishness. Locke. 

€AP'T1-VATE, V. t. [L. captivo.'] 1. To take prisoner ; to 
seize by force ; as an enemy in war. Shak. 2. To sub- 
due ; to bring into bondage. 3. To overpower and gain 
with excellence or beauty ; to charm ; to engage the 
affections 5 to bind in love. Addison. 4. To enslave. 
Locke. 

€AP'TI-VATE, a. Taken prisoner. Shak. 

€AP'TI-VA-TED, pp. Made nrisoner ; charmed. 

€AF'TI-VA-TING, ppr. 1. Taking prisoner ; engaging the 
affections. 2. a. Having power to engage the affections. 

€AP-TI-Va'TION, n. The act of taking a prisoner 3 a tak- 
ing one captive. 

CAP'TlVE, n. [Fr. captif.] 1. A prisoner taken by force 
or stratagem in war, by an enemy. 2. One who is 
charmed or subdued by beauty or excellence ; one whose 
affections are seized. 3. One who is iusnared by love or 
flattery, or by wiles. 4. A slave. 

€AP'TlVE, a. 1. Made prisoner in war ; kept in bondage 
or confinement. 2. Holding in confinement. 

f €AP'TlVE, V. t. To take prisoner ; to bring into subjec- 
tion. Dry den 

€AP-TIV'I-TY, n. [Fr. captivite ; L. captivitas.] 1. The 
state of being a prisoner. 2. Subjection to love. 3. Sub- 
jection ; a state of being under control. 4. Subjection ; 
servitude ; slavery. 

€ A-P'TOR, n. [L. capio.] One who takes, as a prisoner 
or a prize. It is appropriately one who takes a prize at 

€APT'URE, n. [L. captura ; Fr. capture.] 1. The act of 
taking or seizing. 2. The thing taken 5 a prize ; prey 
taken by force, surprise or stratagem. 3. Seizure ; arrest. 

€APT'URE, V. t. To take or seize by force, surprise or 
stratagem, as an enemy or his property ; to take by force 
under the authority of a commission. 

€APT'URED, pp. Taken as a prize. 

€APT'UR-ING, ppr. Seizing as a prize. 

€A-Pl]C'CI-0, n. [It.] A capuchin, or hood. 

€A-PUCH'ED, a. Covered with a hood. [L. u.] Brown. 

€AP-U-CHiN', 71. [Fr. cupucine.] 1. A garment for females, 
consisting of a cloke and hood, made in imitation of the 
dress of capuchin monks. 2. A pigeon whose head is 
covere^ with feathers. 

€AP-U-CHINS', 71. Monks of the order of St. Francis, who 
cover their heads with a capuce, capuclion. 

CAP'U-CINE, n, A species of monkey, the saa-oo, or sa'i. 

€AP'U-LIN, n. The Mexican cherry. 

€AR, €AER, CHAR, in names of places, is sometimes the 
Celtic Caer, a town or city, as in Caermarthen. 

€AR, 71. [W. car.] 1. A small vehicle moved on wheels, 
usually drawn by one horse. — 2. In poetical language, any 
vehicle of dignity or splendor ; a chariot of v^ar, or of 
triumph. 3. The constellation called Charleses wain, or 
the bear. 

€ARA-BlNE, or €AR-BlNE', n. [Fr. caraUnc.] A short 
gun, or fire arm, carrying a ball of 24 to the pound. 

CAR-A-BI-NEER', 7;. A man who carries a carabine ; one 
who carries a longer carabine than others, which is some- 
times used on foot. 

€AR'A€, )?;. [^oxi. carraca ; Yr. caraque.] A large ship 

CAR'ACK, \ of burden ; a Portuguese Indiaman. 

CAR'A-OOL, 7?. [¥r. caracole.] 1. In the 7?ia7?eg'e, a semi- 
round, or half turn, which a horseman makes. — 2. In archi- 
tcctitre, a staircase in a helix or spiral form. 

€AFv.'A-€OL, V. i. To move in a caracol ; to wheel. 

€AF^'A-€OL-Y, n. A mixture of gold, silver and copper. 

€AR'AT, 7!,. [It.carato: Fr. carat.] 1. The weight of four 
grains, used by gold-smiths and jewelers. 2. The weight 
that expresses the fineness of gold. The whole mass of 
gold is divided into 24 equal parts, and as many 24th parts 
as it contains of pure gold, it is called gold of so many 
carats. Thus gold of twenty-two parts of pure metal is 
gold of tv/enty-two carats. 3. The value of any thing ; 
[obs.] 

AR'A-VAN, 77. [Ar. ; Sp. caravana ; Fr. caravane.] A 
company of travelers, pilgrims or merchants, marching or 
proceeding in a body over the deserts of Arabia, or other 
region infested with robbers. 

CAR-A-VAN'SA-RY, n. A place appointed for receiving 
and loading caravans ; a kind of inn, where the caravans 
rest at night, being a large square building, with a spa- 
cious couit in the middle. 



€AR'A-VEL, or €AR'VEL, n. [Sp. caravela ; It. caravello , 
Fr. caravelle.] 1. A small vessel on the coast of France, 
used in the herring fishery. 2. A light, round, old fash- 
ioned ship. 

CAR'A-WAY, ?u [Gr. Kapos, Kapov.] A plant of the genus 
carum, a biennial plant. 

CAR'BON, n. [L, carbo ; Sp. carboii.] Pure charcoal ; a 
simple body, black, brittle, ligl:t and modorous. 

€aR-BON-a'CEOUS, a. Pertain.ng to charcoal. See Car- 
bonic. 

t CAR'BO-NADE, or f €AR-BO-Na'DO, n. Flesh, fowl or 
the like, cut across, seasoned, and broiled on coals. 

{ S!Sg:SiS)0', S - '■ -r- <^"t «' hack. Shak. 

CaR'BON-ATE, 71. In chemistry, a compound formed by 
the union of carbonic acid with a base ; as the carbonate 
of lime. 

€aR'BON-A-TED, a. Combined with carbon. 

€AR-B0N'I€, a. Pertaining to carbon, or obtained from it. 

€AR-B0N-IF'ER-0US, a. [L. carbo and fero.] Producing 
carbon, or coal. 

€AR-BON-I-Za'TION, 71. The actor process of carbonizing 

CaII'BON-iZE, v. t. To convert into carbon by combustion 
or the action of fire , to expel from wood or other sub- 
stance allvolatile matter. 

€AR'BON-iZED, pp. Converted into carbon or charcoal. 

€AR'BON-0-H5'DROUS, a. [carJori, and Gr. u^wp.] Com- 
posed of carbon and hydrogen. 

€AR'B0N-0US, a. Carbonous acid is carbon not fully satu- 
rated with oxygen. 

CAR'BUN-€LE, n. [L. carbunculus.] 1. An anthrax ; an 
inflammatory tumor, or painful gangrenous boil or ulcer. 
2. A beautiful gem, of a deep-red color.— 3. In heraldry/, 
a charge or bearing consisting of eight radii, four of which 
make a common cross, and the other four a saltier. 

€AR'BUN-€LED, a. Set with carbuncles ; spotted. 

€AR-BUN'eU-LAR, a. Belonging to a carbuncle •, resem- 
bling a carbuncle ; red ; inflamed. 

€AR-BUN-eU-LA'TION, n. [L. carbtmculatio.] The blast- 
ing of the young buds of trees or plants. 

€AR'BU-RET, n. A combination of carbon with a metal, 
earth or alkali. 

€AR'BU-RET-ED, a. Combined with carbon, or holding 
carbon in solution. 

€AR'€A-JO, 71. The glutton, a voracious, carnivorous an- 
imal. 

CAPv.'€A-NET, n. [Fr. carcan.] A chain or collar of jewels. 
Shak. 

€AR'€ASS, n. [Fr. carcasse.] 1. The body of an animal ; 
usually the body when dead. 2. The decaying remains 
of a bulky thing, as of a boat or -ship. 3. The frame or 
main parts of a thing unfinished, or without ornament. 

CAR'CASS, 71. [It. carcassa.] An iron case or hoUcw ves- 
sel, about the size of a bomb, of an oval figure, filled with 
combustible and other substances, as meal-powder, salt- 
petre, sulphur, broken glass, turpentine, &c., to be thrown 
from a mortar into a town, to set fire to buildings. 

t €AR'CEL-AGE, n. [L. career.] Prison fees. 

CaR'CER, n. A starting-post. 

CAR CER-AL, a. Belonging to a prison. 

CAR-CI-A^o'MA, 7?. [Gr. KapKivwpa.] A cancer; also, a 
turgescence of the veins of the eye. 

€AR-CI-Ko'MA-TOUS, a. Cancerous ; like a cancer, or 
tending to it. 

CARD, V. [Fr. carte.] 1. A paper m- pasteboard of an ob- 
lojig figure, on which are painted figures or points ; used 
ill games. 2. A blank ])iece of paper, or the like paper 
with some writing upon it, used in messages of civility 
or business. 3. The paper on which the points of the 
compass are marked. 

CARD, V. i. To play much at cards ; to game. 

CARD, 7?. [D. kaard.] An instrument for combing, opening 
and breaking wool or flax. 

CARD, V. t. To comb, or open wool, flax, hemp, &c., with 
a card. 

CARD'A-MlNE, n. [Gr.] The plant meadow-cresses, 01 
cuckow-flower. 

€aR DA-MOM, 71. [Gr. Kap^ajxiciiov.] A plant of the genus 
amomuvi. 

CARD'ED, pp. Combed 5 opened ; cleansed with cards. 

CARD'ER, n. One who cards wool; also, one who plays 
ratich at cards. Wvtton. 

*CAR'DI-A-€AL, ^ a. [L. cardiacus.] 1. Pertaining to the 

CAR'DI-AC, \ heart. 2. Exciting action in the 

heart, through the medium of the stomacli. 

CAR'DI-AC, n. A medicine which excites action in the 
stomach, and anihiates the spirits. 

CAR'DI-AL-GY, n. [Gr. Kapbia and a^yo^.] The heart- 
burn. It is called, also, the cardiac passion. 

CAR'DI-NAL, a. [L. cardinalis.] Chief, principal, preemi- 
nent, or fundamental ; as the cardinal virtues, which pa- 
gans supposed to be justice, prudence, temperance and 
fortitude. 



Se-J Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



CAR 



124 



CAR 



€AR'DI-NAL, ??. 1. An ecclesiastical prince in the Rnmish 
church, who has a voice in the conclave at the election of 
a pope. 2. A woman's cloke. 

CAR I)i NAL-FLOW-ER, n. A plant of the genus lobelia, 
of many species. 

eARDl-NAI,-ATE, or€AR'DI-NAL-SHIP, 71. The office, 
rank or dignity of a cardinal. 

€AR'DI-NAL-iZE, ?;. t. To make a cardinal. [Little tised.] 

€ARD'ING, ppr. 1. Combing, as flax, wool, &c. 2. The 
act of playing at cards. [Little used.] 

CARD'iNG-MA-CHiNE', n. A machine for combing, break- 
ing and cleansing woo! and cotton. 

€AR'DI-OID, n. [Gt. KapSia.] An algebraic curve, so call- 
ed from its resemblance to aheart. 

CARD'iTE, 71. Fossil or petrified shells of the genus car- 
diuvi. 

€ARD'-Ma-KER, n. A maker of cards. 

CARD'-MATCH, n. A match made by dipping pieces of 
card in melted sulphur. 

CAR-DOON', n. [Sp. cardon.] A species of cynara, resem- 
b.ing the artichoke, but larger. 

CARD'-Ta-BLE, 7i. The table appropriated to the use of 
gamesters, or used for playing cards on. 

€AR'DU-US-BEN-E^DI€'TUS, n. The herb called blessed 
thistle. 

CARE, 71. [Sax. car, cara.] 1. Concern ; anxiety ; solici- 
tude •, noting some degree of pain in the mind, from ap- 
prehension of evil. " They shall eat bread by weight and 
with care." Ezelc. iv. 2. Caution ; a looking to ; regard ; 
attention, or heed, with a view to safety or protection. 
3. Charge or oversight, implying concern for safety and 
prosperity. 4. The object of care, or watchful regard and 
attention. 

CARE, V. i. 1. To be anxious or solicitous ; to be concern- 
ed about. 2. To be inclined or disposed ; to have regard 
to. 

CARE'-CRAZED, a. Broken or disordered by care, or so- 
licitude. 

CARE'-DE-FY'ING, a. Bidding defiance to care. 

CARE'-TuNED, a. Tuned by care ; mournful. Shak. 

CA RE'-WOUJMD-ED, a. Wounded with care. May. 

t CAR'ECT, n. A charm. See Chakact. 

CA-REEN', V. t. [Fr. carener.] In sea language, to heave 
or bring a ship to lie on one side, for the purpose of re- 
pairing. 

CA-REEN', V. i. To incline to one side, as a ship under a 
press of sail. Mar. Diet. 

CA-REEN'ED, (ca-reend') pp. Laid on one side ; inclined. 

CA-REEN'ING, jW- Heaving down on one side ; inclin- 
ing. 

CA-REEN'ING, n. The act of heaving down on one side, 
as a ship. 

CA-REER', n. [Fr. carriere.] 1. A course ; a race, or 
running ; a rapid running ; speed in motion. 2. General 
course of action or movement ; procedure ; course of pro- 
ceeding. 3. The ground on which a race is run. 4. In 
the manege, a place inclosed with a barrier, in which they 
run the ring. — 5. In falconry, a flight or tour of the hawk, 
about 120 yards. 

CA-REER', V. i. To move or run rapidly. 

CA-REER'ING, ppr. Running or moving with speed. 

CARE'FUL, a. 1. Full of care ; anxious ; solicitous. 2. 
Provident ; attentive to support and protect. 3. WatcJi- 
ful ; cautious ; giving good heed. 4. Filling with care 
or solicitude ; exposing to concern, anxiety or trouble ; 
full of cares. 

CARETIJL-LY, adv. 1. With care, anxiety, or solicitude. 
?. Heedfully ; watchfully •, attentively. 3. In a manner 
that shows care. 4. Providently ; cavitiously, 

GARE'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Anxiety ; solicitude. 2. Heed- 
fulness ; caution ; vigilance in guarding against evil, and 
providing for safety. 

CARE'LESS, a. 1. Having no care ; heedless ; negligent ; 
unthinking •, inattentive ; regardless ; unmindful. 2. 
Free from care or anxiety ; whence, undisturbed ; cheer- 
ful. 3. Done or said without care ; unconsidered. 4. 
Not regarding with care ; unmoved by ; unconcerned for. 
5. Contrived without art. 

CARE'LESS-LY, adv In a careless manner or way ; neg- 
ligently ; heedlessly ; inattentively ; without care or con- 
cern. 

CARE'LESS-NESS n. Heedlessness ; inattention , negli- 
gence ; manner wunout care. 

tCA''REN-CY, 71. Lack-, want. Bp. Richardson. 

CAR'EN-TANE, n. [Fr. quarantaine.] A papal indul- 
gence, multiplying the remission of penance by forties. 
Taylor. 

CA-RESS', V. t. [Fr. caresser.] To treat with fondness, af- 
fection, or kindness ; to fondle; to embrace with tender 
atiection ; as a parent a child. 

CA-RESS', 71. An act of endearment ; any act or expression 
of affection ; an embracing with tenderness. 

CA-RESS'ED, (ca-resf) pp. Treated or embraced with af- 
fection. 



CA-RESS'ING,ppr. Treating with endearment, or affection 

Ca'RET, ?)-. [L.] In writing, this mark, a, which shows 
that something, omitted in the line, is interlined above, 
or inserted in the margin, and should be read in that 
place. 

CAR'GA-SON, n. A cargo ; which see. Howell. 

CAR'GO, 71. [W. carg ; Sp. cargo.] The lading or freight 
of a ship ; the goods, merchandise, or whatever is convey- 
ed in a ship or other merchant vessel. 

CAR'GOOSE, n. A fowl belonging to the genus colymbus 

Ca'RI-A-TED, a. Carious. Sec Carious. 

CA-RI-AT'I-DES. See Caryatides. 

CARI-BOO, n. A quadruped of the stag kind. 

CAR'I-CA, n. The papaw, a tree bearing a fleshy fruit of 
the size of a small melon. 

CAR'I-CA-TuRE, n. [It. caricatura.] A figure or descrip- 
tion, in which beauties are concealed and blemishes exag- 
gerated, but still beating a resemblance to the object 

CAR'I-CA-TuRE, v. t. To make or draw a caricature ; to 
represent as more ugly than the life. Lyttelton. 

CAR'I-CA-Tu-RfST, n. One who caricatures others. 

CAR-I-COG'RA-PHY, n. [L. care?:, and Gr. yoa<pui.] A 
description of the plants of the genus carex,'oi sedge 
Deioey. 

CAR'I-COUS, a. [L. carica.] Resembling a fig. 

Ca'RI-ES, n. [L.] The corruption or mortification of a 
bone ; an ulcerated bone. 

CAR'IL-LON, 7i. [Fr.] A little bell. Also, a simple air in 
music. See Carol. 

CAR'I-NATE, I a. [L. carinatus.] In botany, shaped like 

CAR'I-NA-TED, \ the keel of a ship. 

€A-RIN'THIN, n. A mineral from Carinthia. 

CA-RI-OS'I-TY, 71. [See Caries.] Mortification, or ulcera- 
tion of a bone. Wiseman. 

Ca'RI-OUS, a. Mortified : corrupted ; ulcerated ; as a bone. 
Wiseman. 

jCARK, n. [W. care] Care; anxiety; concern; solici- 
tude ; distress. Sidney. 

I CaRK, v. i. To be careful, anxious, solicitous, concerned. 
Sidney. 

f CARK'ING, ppr. Distressing ; perplexing ; giving anxiety. 

CARLE, (carl) n. [Sax. carl.] 1. A rude, rustic, rough, 
brutal man. [Obs. See Churl.] 2. A kind of hemp. 
Tusser. 

t CARLE, V. i. To act like a churl. Burton. 

CAR'LINE, or CAR'O-LINE, n. A silver coin in Naples. 

CAR'LINE, ) 71. [Fr. carlingue, or escarlinguc.] A piece 

CAR'LING, \ of timber in a ship, ranging fore and aft, 
from one deck beam to another. — Carline-knees are tim- 
bers in a ship, lying across from the sides to the hatchway, 
and serving to sustain the deck. 

CAR'LINE-THIS'TLE, n. A genus of plants growing in 
the south of France, and one a native of Great Britain. 

CARL'ISH, CARL'ISH-NESS. See Churlish. 

CAR'LOCK, 71. A sort of isinglass from Russia. 

t CAR LOT, n. A countryman. See Carle. 

CAR-L0-VIN'6I-AN, a. Pertaining to Charlemagne. 

CAR'MAN, n. A man whose employment is to drive a cart. 

CAR'ME-LIN, I a. Belonging to the order of Carmel- 

CAR'MEL-ITE, \ ites. 

CAR'MEL-lTE, n. [from Mount Carmel.] 1. A mendicant 
friar. 2. A sort of pear. 

CAR-JiIIN'A-TIVE, c. [Fr. carminatif.] Expelling wind 
from the body ; warming ; antispasmodic. 

CAR-anN'A-TiVE, n. A medicine, which tends to expel 
Avind, or to remedy colic and flatulencies. 

CAR'MINE, 77. [Fv. carrnin.] A powder, or pigment, of a 
beautiful red or crimson color, used by painters. 

CAR'NAGE, ?!. [Fr. carnage.] 1. LiferaZZ?/, flesh, or heaps 
of flesh, as in shambles. 2. Slaughter; great destruction 
of men ; havock ; massacre. 

CAR'NAL, rt. [Fr. charnel ; L.carnalis.] I. Pertaining to 
flesh ; fleslfly ; sensual ; opposed to spiritual. 2. Being in 
the natural state ; unregenerate. Rovi. viii. 3. Pertain- 
ing to tlie ceremonial 'law ; as, carnal ordinances. 4. 
Lecherous; lustful; libidinous; given to sensual indul- 
gence. Shak.— Carnal knowledge, sexual intercourse. 

CAR'NAL-IST, n. One given to the indulgence of sensual 
appetites. 

CAR'NAL-iTE, n. A worldly-minded man. 

CAR-NAL'I-TY, ??. 1. Fleshly lust, or desires, or the in- 
dulgence of those lusts ; sensuality, 2. Grossness of mina 
or desire ; love of sensual pleasures 

CAR'NAL-IZE, v. t. To make carnal ; to debase to car- 
nality. Scott. 

C'4R'NAL-LY, adv. In a carnal manner ; according to he 
flesh. 

CAR'NAL-MlND'ED, a. Worldly-minded. More. 

CAR'NAL-MTND'ED-NESS, n. Grossness of mind. 

CAR-Na'TION, n. [Fr. carnation.] 1. Flesh color; the 
parts of a picture which are naked, or without drapery, 
exhibiting the natural color of the flesh. 2. A genus of 
plants, dianthus, so named from the color of the flower. 

€AR-Na'TIONED, a. Made like carnation color. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, V, Y, long— FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ■,—Tm, MARINE, EtRD ; 



t Obsolete. 



CAR 



125 



Car 



GAR-NJEli'IAN, V. [Fr. cornaline.] A siliceous dtone, a 
variety of clialcedony. 

€AK'NEL-W6RK, in sMp-Mulding , is the putting together 
the timbers, beams and planks. 

CAR'NE-OUS, a. [L. carneus.] Fleshy 5 having the qual- 
ities of flesh. 

flAR'NEY, 71. A disease of horses, in which the mouth is so 
furred that they cannot eat. 

€AR-NI-Fl-eA'T10N, n. A turning to flesh. 

CAR'NI-F Y, V. i. To form flesh ; to receive flesh in growth. 

<;AR'NI-VAL, ) n. [Sp., Port, carnaval ; Buc. carnaval.] 

€;AR'NA-VAL, \ The feast or season of rejoicing, before 
Lent, observed, in Catholic countries, with great solem- 
nity, by feasts, balls, operas, concerts, &c. 

^!AR-NIV-0-RAC'I-TY, 71. Greediness of appetite for flesh. 

€;AR-NIV'0-R0US, a. [L. caro and voro.] Eatijig or feed- 
ins on flesh ; an epithet applied to animals which natu- 
rally seek flesh for food. 

€AR-NOi;''[-TY, 71. [Fr. camosit^.'] A little fleshy excres- 
cence. 

€AR'NOUS, a. Fleshy. See Carneous. 

€AR'OB, n. [Sp. algarroha ; It. carruba.] The carob-tree, 
ceratonia siliqua. 

€A-RoCHE'', 71. [It. can-ozza.] A carriage of pleasure. 

€A-ROCH'ED, (ca-rocht') a. Placed in a caroche. 

€AR'OL, 71. [It. carola ,• W caraioL] A song ; a song of 
joy and exultation ; a song of devotion. 

€AR'OL, V. i. [It. carolare.] To sing ; to warble ; to sing 
in joy or festivity. Shah. 

€AR'OL, V. t. To praise or celebrate in song. Milton. 

€AR-0-Li'NA, 71. The name of two of the Atlantic States 
in North America, called JVortJi Ca7-olma and South Car- 
olina. 

€AR'OL-ING, 71, A song of praise or devotion. 

€AR-0-LIN'I-AN, a. Pertaining to Carolina. 

€AR-0-LIN'I-AN, 71, A native or inhabitant of Carolina. 

€AR'0-MEL, n. The smell exhaled by sugar, at a calcining 
heat. Ure. 

CA-ROT'ID, a. [Gr. KapcoriSes.] The carotid arteries in the 
body are two arteries, the right aud left, which convey 
the blood from the aorta to the head and brain. 

t €A-ROT'I-DAL, a. Carotid. Smith. 

€A-ROUS'AL, 71. A feast or festival. JohTison. But in 
.America, it signifies a noisy drinking-bout, or reveling. 

€A-ROUSE', (ca-rouz') v. i. [Fr. carrouse.] To drink hard ; 
to guzzle. In the l/Tiited States, it signifies also to be 
noisy, as bacchanalians. 

t€A-ROUSE',^>. t. To drink lavishly. Shak. 

€ A-ROUSE' (ca-rouz') ti. A drinking match ; a full draught 
of liquor ; a noisy drinking match. 

€A-RO[JS'ER, n. A drinker ; a toper ; a noisy reveler, or 
bacchanalian. 

€A-ROUS'ING, ppr. Drinking hard ; revehng. 

CARP, V. i. [L. carpo.] Literalhj, to snap or catch at, or 
to pick. Hence, to censure, cavil, or find fault, particu- 
larly without reason, or petulantly. 

t€ARP, V. i. To blame. Abp. CrauTner. 

€ARP, 71. [Fr., Port, carpe.] A fish, a species of C7jprimis. 

CAR 'PAL, «. [L. carpus.] Pertaining to the wrist. 

€AR-Pa'THI-AN, a. Pertaining to the Carpates, a range 
of mountains. 

CAR'PEN-TER, 71. [Fr. charpentier.] An artificer who 
works in timber 5 a framer and builder of houses, and of 
ships. 

€AR/PEN-TRY, 71. The art of cutting, framing, and join- 
ing timber, in the construction of buildings. 

CARP'ER, 71. One who carps •, a caviler. 

€AR'PET, 71. 1. A covering for floors, tables, stairs, &c. 
2. Level ground covered, as with grass. Shak. — To be on 
the carpet, is to be under consideration. The French 
phrase, to be o7i the tapis, is used in the like sense. --Cc?-- 
pet-kiiight, in Shakspeare, is a knight who enjoys ease and 
security, or luxury. — Carpet-monger is used in a like sense. 

€AR'PET, V. t. To cover with a carpet. Baco7i. 

CAR'PET-ED, pp. Covered with a carpet. 

€aR'PET-ING, 71. Cloth for carpets ; carpets in general. 

€aR'PET-WALK, 71. A walk on smooth turf. 

eARP'ING, ppr. Caviling ; captious ; censorious. 

CARP'ING, 71. The act of caviling ; a cavil ; unreasonable 
censure. 

GaRFING-LY, adv. Captiously ; in a carping manner. 

CARP'MeALS, 71. A kind of coarse cloth made in the north 
of England. Phillips. 

CaRP'O-LITE, 71. [Gr. Kap-rros and 'kidos.] Petrified fruits, 
as nuts converted into silex. 

€AR-POL'0-GlST, n. [Gr. Kapnos and Xeyw.] One who 
describes fruits. 

€AR-P0L'0-6Y, n. A description of fruits. 

CaR'PUS, 71. [L.] The wrist, but Tiot a7i ETiglish icord. 

€ARR, 71. A marsh or flat land. JVorth of England. 

€AR'RA€. SeeCARAC. 

CAR'RAT. Set! Carat. 

CAR'RA-WaY, n. A kind of apple. Mason. 



t €AR'RI-A-BLE, a. That may be carried. 

CAR'RIAGE, (car'ridje) ?).. [iPr. charring c.} 1. Theacinf 
carrying, bearing, transporting, or conveying. 2. The 
act of taking by an enemy ; conqiiest ; acquisition ; [uhs.'] 

3. That which carries, especially on wheels ; a vehicle. 

4. TJte price or expense of carrying. 5. That whicli is 
carried ; burden, as baggage, vessels, furniture, &,c. [lit- 
tle used.] 6. The manner of carrying one's self; belia- 
vior ; conduct ; deportment ; personal manners. IJryden 
7. Measures ; practices ; management. Shak. 

€ARRI-B00. S-^e Cariboo. 

€AR'RI€K-BEND, n. A particular kind of knot. 

€AR'RI€K-BITTS, n. In a ship, the bitts which support 
the windlass. Mar. Diet. 

€AR'RI-ER, 71. 1. One who carries ; that which carries or 
conveys ; also, a messenger. 2. One who is e/nplojed tc 
carry goods. 3. A pigeon that conveys letters from place 
to place, the letters being tied to the neck. 

€AR'RI-ON, n. [It. carogna.] I. Tlie dead and putrefying 
body or flesh of animals. 2. A worthless woman ; a term 
of reproach. Shak. 

€aR RL-ON, a. Relating to dead and putrefying carcasses ; 
feeding on carrion. Shak. 

€AR-RON-aDE', n. [from Carron, in Scotland, where it 
was first made.] A short piece of ordnance, having a 
large caliber, and a chamber for the powder, like a mor- 
tar. 

€AR-R00N', n. 1. In London, a rent received for the priv- 
ilege of driving a cart. Ash. 2. A species of cherry. 
Tvoke. 

€AR'ROT, 71. [It. carota ; Fr. carotte.] An esculent root, 
of the genus daucus. 

CAR'ROT-Y, a. Like a carrot in color ; aii epithet given tc 
red hair. 

CAR'RoWS, 71. In Ireland, people who wander about, and 
get tlieir living by cards and dice ; strolling gamesters. 
Spc7iscr. 

CAR'RY, V. t. [W. cariaw ; Fr. charrier.] 1. To bear, con- 
vey, or transport, by sustaining and moving the thing car- 
ried. 2. To convey ; as, sound is carried in the air. 3. To 
efiect ; to accomplish ; to prevail ; to gain the object ; as, 
to carr7j a point. 4. To bear out ; to face through. 5. To 
urge, impel, lead or draw, noting moral impulse. 6. To 
bear ; to have. 7. To bear ; to show, display or exhibit 
to view. 8. To imply or import. 9. To contain or com- 
prise. 10. To extend or continue in time. 11. To ex- 
tend in space. 12. To support or sustain. 13. To bear 
or produce, as trees. 14. To manage or transact, usually 
with on. — 15. To carry one':,- self, to behave, conduct or 
demean. 16. To remove, lead or drive. 17. To remove ; 
to cause to go. 18. To transport ; to affect with extraor- 
dinary impressions on the mind. 19. To fetch and bring. 
20. To transfer. 

To carry coals, to bear injuries. Mason. — To carry off, to 
remove to a distance ; also, to kill. — To carry on, 1. To 
promote, advance, or help forward ; to continue. 2. To 
manage or prosecute. 3. To prosecute, continue or pur- 
sue. — To carry through, to support to the end ; to sustain 
or iceep from failing, or being subdued. — To carry out, to 
bear from wit' 'n ; also, to sustain to the end ; to continue 
to the end. — To carr^j away, in seamanship, is to break ; 
to carry sail till a spar breaks. 

CAR'RY, V. i. 1. To run on rotten ground, or on frost, 
which sticks to the feet, as a hare. 2. To bear the head 
in a particular manner, as a horse. 3. To convey ; to 
propel. 

t CAR'RY, n. The m^^ton of the clouds. 

€!AR'RY-I'NG, ppr. Bearing, conveying, removing, &c. 

CAR'RY- ING, n. A bearing, conveying, removing, trans- 
porting. — Ca7-rying trade, the trade which consists in the 
transportation of goods by water from country to country, 
or place to place. 

t CAR'RY-TALE, n. A tale-bearer. Shak, 

€ART, n. [W. cart.] 1. A carriage with two wheels. 2. A 
carriage in general. 

CART, V. i. To use carts for carriage. Mortimer. 

€ART, V. t. 1. To carry or convey on a cart. 2. To expose 
in a cart, by way of punishment. 

€ART'A6E, 71. The act of carryhig in a cart, or the price 
paid for carting. 

CART-BOTE, 71. In English law, wood to which a tenant 
is entitled for making and repairing carts and other in- 
struments of husbandry. 

CART'ED, pp. Borne or exposed in a cart. 

€ART- HORSE, 71. A horse that draws a cart. 

CART'ING, ppr. Conveying or exposing in a cart. 

€ART'ING, 71. The act of carrying in a cart. 

CART'-JADE, 71. A sorry horse ; a horse used in drawing, 
or fit only for the cart. Sidney. 

€ART'-LoAD, 71. A load borne on a cart •, as much as is 
usually earned at once on a cart, or as is sufficient to 
load it. 

€ART'-ROPE, n, A rope for binding hay or other articles 
on a cart. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE» BOOK, D6VE ,— BULL, UN iTE € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH a« SH TH as in this, f Obsolete 



CAR 



12G 



CAS 



GART'-RUT, n. The cut nr track of a cart-wheel. 

CART'-TlRE, n. The tixc, or iron bands, used to bind the 
wheels of a cart. 

GART'-WaY. ?:. A way that is or may be passed with 
i;:irls, or other wh^el carriages. 

GART'-WHEEL, n. The wheel of a cart. 

€ART'-W Right, (cart rite) n. An artificer who makes 
cartp. 

CARTE -BLANCHE, (kirt-blansh') [Fr.] Paper. A blank 
paper signed at the bottom with a person's name, given 
to another person with permission to superscribe what 
conditions he pleases. 

*€AR'TKL, 11. [It. cartello ; Fr., Sp., Por*. cartel.] 1. A 
writing or agreement between states at war, for the ex- 
change of prisoners, t r for some mutual advantage ; also, 
a vessel employed to convey the messenger on this occa- 
sion. 2. A letter of defiance or challenge •, a challenge to 
single combat. This sense the word has still iii France 
and Italy ; but with us it is dbsc\&te.~- Cartel-ship, is a 
ship employed in the exchange of prisoners, or in carrying 
propositions to an ene^ny. 

+ €isR'TEL, V. i. To defy. B. Jonson. 

€ART ER. u. The man who drives a cart, or whose occupa- 
tion is to drive a cart. 

t€ARTvER-LY, adv. Rude, like a carter. Cotgrave. 

€AR-TeSIAN, (car-te'zhun) a. Pertaining to the philoso- 
pher Des Cartes, or to his philosophy. 

CAR-Tk'SIAN, n. One who adopts the philosophy of Des 
Cartes. 

eAR-THA-6lN'I-AN, a. Pertaining to ancient Car- 
thage. 

€AR-THA-GIN'I-AN, n. An inhabitant or native of Car- 
thage. 

€AR'THA-MUS, n. The generic name of bastard saffron. 
See S^-^-FLOWER. 

CAR-THu'SIAN, (car-thu'zhuri) n. One of an order of 
monks, so called from Chartreuse, the place of their insti- 
tution. _ 

CAR-THu'SIAN, a. Relating to the order of monks so call- 
ed Chambers. 

eAR'TIL-A6E, n. [L. cartilaao ; Fr. ci-rtilagc] Gristle •, a 
smooth, solid, elastic substance, softer than bone. 

eAR-TI-LAG'JN-OUS, a. 1. Pertaining to or resembling a 
cartilaze ; grstly •, consisting of cartilage. — 2. In ichthyol- 
ogy, cdrtilaginous fishes are those whose muscles are sup- 
ported by cartilages instead of bones. 

eAR-'J'OON', n. [it. cartone.'] In ^airttwio-, a design drawn 
on s'rcng paper. 

CAR-TOUCH', re. [Ft. cartouche.'] 1. A case of wood, girt 
with marlin, holding about four hundred musket balls, 
and *ix or eight iron balls of a pound weight, to be fired 
out of a howitz, for defending a pass. 2. A portable box 
for cnarges. [See Cartridge-box.] 3. A roll or scroll 
on ttie cornice of a column. 

eAR'TtllDGE, n. A case of pasteboard or parchment, hold- 
ing tne charge of powder, or powder and ball, for a can- 
noTi, mortar, musket or pistol. 

CaR'TRIDGE-BOX, n. A case, usually of wood, covered 
with leather, with cells for cartridges, 

CAR'TU-LA-RY, n. [Fr, cartulaire.] A register-book, or 
record, as of a monastery. 

CAR'U-CATE, n. [L. cai-uca.] As much land as one team 
can plow in the year. 

CAR'UN-CLE, n. [L. caruncuJa.] 1. A small, fleshy ex- 
crescence, either natural or morbid. Coze. 2. The fleshy 
comb on the head of a fowl. 

CA-RUNC'U-LAR, a. In the form of a caruncle. 

CA-RUN€'U-LA-TED, a. Having a flesh.y excrescence, or 
soft, fleshy protuberance. 

CARVE, w.f. [Sax. ceo?-/a», cea?-/(ni.] 1 . To cut into small 
pieces or slices, as meat at table. 2. To cut wood, stone 
or other material into some particular form ; to engrave ; 
to cut figures or devices on hard materials. .S. To m;ike 
or shape by cuttirg. 4. To apportion ; to distribute ; to 
provide at pleasure ; to select and take, as to one's self, or 
to select and give to another. 5. To cut ; to hew. Shak. 
— To carve out, is to cut out, or to lay out, by design ; to 
plnn. 

CARVE, V. i 1. To cut up meat. 2. To exercise the trade 
of a sculptor. 3 To engrave or cut figures. 

f CARVE, n. A carucate. 

= ARVED, pp. Cut or divided ; engraved ; formed by carv- 
ing. 

CAR'VEL, n. 1. See Caravel. 2, The urtica marina, or sea 
hlnhber. 

CARVER, 71. 1. One who cuts meat at table ; a sculptor ; 
one who apportions or distributes at will, Dryden. 2. A 
large table knife for carving. 

CARY'ING, ppr. Cutting, dividing, as meat ; cutting in 
stone, wood or metal ; apportionin.g •, distributing. 

CARVING, 77. The act of cutting, as meat ; the act or art 
of cutting figures in wood or stone ; sculpture ; figures 
carved . 

CAR-Y-A TES, or €AR-Y-AT'I-DES, n. In architecture. 



figuies of women diessed in long robes, after the Asiatic 
manner, serving to support entablatures. 

CAR-Y-AITC, a. Pertaining to the Caryans or Caryatides. 

CA R-Y-0-PHYL'LE-OUS, a. [Gr. Ka^vov and 9ij;XAor.] 
Having five petals with long claws, in a tubular calyx ; 
applied to flowers 

tCAR-Y-OPH'YL-LOID, n [Gr. Ka^vofvWov. \ A species 
of mica. 

CA-SARCA, n. A fowl of the genus anas. 

CASCA-BEL, n [Port. cascaveL] The knob or pummelion 
of a cannon. 

€AS-CaDE', 71. [Fr. cascade.] A waterfall. Tlie word is 
applied to falls that are less than a cataract. 

€AS-CAL'H0, n. [Port.] In Brazil, a deposit of pebbles, 
gravel and sand, in which the diamond is usually found. 

CASE, n. [Fr. caisse.] 1. A covering, box or sheath ; tluit 
which incloses or contains. 2. The outer part of a build- 
ing. 3. A certain quantity. 4. A building unfurnished • 
[not used.] 

CASE, V. t. 1. To cover with a case ; to surround with any 
material tliat shall inclose or defend, 2. To put in a case 
or box, 3. To strip off a case, covering, or the skin : [an- 
u.mal.] Shah. 

CASE, 7i, [Fr. cas ; L. casus.] 1. Literally, that which 
falls, comes, or happens ; an event. Hence, the particular 
state, condition, or circumstances that befall a person, or 
in which he is placed. 2. The state of the body, with re- 
spect to health or disease. — To be in ffood case, is to be 
fat, and tnis phrase is customarily abridged, to be in case. 
3. A question ; a state of facts involving a question for 
discussion o- decision. 4. A cause or suit in court. — 5. In 
grammar, the inflection of nouns, or a change of termina- 
tion. — III case is a phrase denoting condition or supposi- 
tion ; if it should so fall out, or happen. — Put the case, sup- 
pose the event, or a certain state of things. — Action on the 
case, in hue, is an action in which the whole cause of 
comjjlaint is set out in the writ. 

t CASE, V. i. To put cases. U Estrange. 

Cased, pp. covered with a case. 

CaSE'-HARD-EN, v. t. To harden the outer part or super- 
ficies, as of iron, by converting it into steel. 

Ca'SE-IC, a. [L. caseus.] The caseic acid is the acid of 
cheese. 

CaSE'-KNiFE, 7). A large table knife, often kept in a case 

CaSE'MATE, n [Fr. casemate.] 1. In fortification , a vault 
of mason's work in the flank of a bastion, next to the cur- 
tain, serving as a battery to defend the face of the opposite 
bastion, and the moat or ditch. 2. A well, with its sub- 
terraneous branches, dug in the passage of the bastion. 

CaSE'MENT, v. [It. casamento.] 1. A hollow molding, 
usually one sixth or one fourth of a circle. 2. A little, 
movable window. 

Ca'SE-OUP, a. [L. casexis.] Like cheese ; having the qual- 
ities of cheese. 

CAS'ERN, n. [Fr. caserne.] A lodging for soldiers in garri- 
son towns. 

CaSE'-SHOT, 71. Musket balls, stones, old iron, &c., put in 
cases, to be discharged from cannon. 

CaSE'-WoEM, n. A worm that makes itself a case. 

CASH, n. [Fr. caisse.] Money ; primarily, ready money, 
money in chest or on hand, in bank or at command. 

CASH, V. t. ]. To turn into money, or to exchange for 
money. 2. To pay money for. 

t CASH, V. t. To discard. [For cashier.] 

CASH'-AC-COUNT', n. An account of money received, 
paid, or on hand. 

CASH'-BOOK, v. A book in which is kept a register or ac- 
count of rnoney. 

CASH'-KEEP-ER, 71. One intrusted with the keeping of 
monev. 

CASH'EW-NUT, v.. a tree of the West Indies. 

CASII-IeR', n. [Fr. caissier.] One who has charge of 
moneyj, a cash-keeper. 

CASH-IeR', v. t. [Fr. casser.] 1. To dismiss from an office 
or place of trust, by annulling the commission •, to break, 
as for mal-conduct, and therefore with reproach. 2. To 
dismiss or discard from service or from society. 3. To re- 
ject ; t^ annul or vacate. 

CASH-IeRED, (cash-eerd') ;>?. Dismissed ; discarded ; an- 
nulled^ 

CASH-IeR'ER, n. One who rejects, discards or breaks. 

CASH-IeR'ING, jjpr. Discarding j dismissing from service 

CASH'OO, 71. The juice or gum ot a tree in the East Indies 

CaS'ING, ppr. Covering with a case. 

CaB'ING, 77. 1. The act or operation of plastering a houst 
with mortar on the outside. 2. A covering ; a case. 

CASK, or CASaUE, n. [Fr. casque.] A head-piece; a 
helmet ; a piece of defensive armor, to cover and protect 
the head and neck in battle. 

f CASK, V. t. To put into a cask. 

CASK, 71. [Sp., Port, casco.] A close vessel for containing 
liquors, as a pipe, hogshead, butt, barrel, &c. 

CaS'KET, 7!, ] , A small chest or box, for jewels or other 



See Synopsis I K, T, O, V, Y, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT j— PREY ;--PtN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



CAS- 



127 



CAS 



small articles. — 2. In seamen^s language, a small rope, 
fastened to grcmets. 

€AS'KET, V. t. To put in a little chest. Shak. 

eAS'P[-AN, a. [L. Caspim.'] An epithet given to a large 
lake between Persia and Astrachan, called the Caspian 
Sea. 

t€ASS, V. t. [Fr. casser ; L. quasso.] To quash ; to defeat ; 
to annul. Raleigh. 

€ASS A-DA, or €ASS'A-VI, n A plant, of the genus ja- 
troplia, of different species. 

€AS-SA-MU-NAIE,', n. An aromatic vegetable. 

f €AS'SAT£, V. t. [Fr. casser.] To vacate, annul, or make 
void._ 

€AS-Sa'TION, n. The act of annulling. In France there is 
a court 0? cassation. 

€AS'SA-WARE. See Cassowary. 

€AS'SIA, (cash'ia) n. [Fr. casse.] A genus of plants of 
many species. Cassia is also the name of a species of lati- 
rus, the bark of which usually passes under the name of 
zinnamon. From a plant of this kind was extracted an 
aromatic oil, used as a perfume by the Jews. 

€AS'Sl-DO-NY, n. [Fr. cassidoine.] A species of plant, 
ffuaphalium, cotton-weed. 

€AS'S[-MER, n. [Sp. casiinira.] A thin, twilled, woolen 
cloth. 

eAS-S'i'NO, n. A game at cards. Todd. 

eAS'SI-0-B(J-RY, n. A species of plant, of the genus cas- 
sine. 

€AS-SI-0-Pe'A, n. A constellation in the northern hemi- 
sphere. 

€AS-SI-Tk'RI-A, 71. [L. cassiteron.] A kind of crystals. 

€AS'SOeK, n. [Sp. casaca.] A robe or gown worn over the 
other garments, particularly by the clergy. A close gar- 
ment, now generally that "which clergymen wear under 
their gowns. 

€AS'SO€KED, a. Clothed with a cassock. 

CAS-SON-aDE', n. [Fr.] Cask-sugar •, sugar not refined. 

CAS'SO-WA-RY, n. [Sp. casueZ.] A large fowl of the genus 
stmtliio. 

€ASS'-Vv''EED, n. A weed called shepherd'' s-pouch. 

CAST, V. t. pret. and pp. cast. [Dan. Raster ; Sw. kasta.] 
1. To throw, fling or send •, that is, to drive from, by 
force, as from the hand, or from an engine. 2. To sow ; 
to scatter seed. 3. To drive or impel by violence. 4. To 
shed or throw off 5 as, trees cast their fruit. 5. To throw 
or let fall. 6. To throw, as dice or lots. 7. To throw on 
the ground, as in wrestling. 8. To throw away, as 
worthless. 9. To emit, or tnrow out. 10. To throw, to 
extend, as a trench. 11. To thrust. 12. To put, or set, 
in a particular state. 13. To condemn ; to convict, as a 
criminal. 14. To overcome in a civil suit, or in any con- 
test of strength or skill. 15. To cashier or discard. 16. To 
lay aside, as unfit for use ; to reject, as a garment. 17. To 
make to preponderate •, to throw into one scale, for the 
purpose of giving it superior weight ; to decide by a vote 
that gives a superiority in numbers. 18. To throw to- 
gether several particulars, to find the sum ; to compute ; 
to reckon ; to calculate. 19. To contrive •, to plan. 20. To 
judge, or to consider, in order to judge;. 21. To fix, or 
distribute the parts of a play among the actors. 22. To 
throw, as the sight ; to direct, or turn, as the eye ; to 
glance. 23. To found; to form into a particular shape, 
by pouring liquid metal into a mold ; to run. 24. Figu- 
ratively, to shape ; to form by a model. 25. To commu- 
nicate ; to spread over. 

To cast aside, to dismiss or reject as useless or inconven- 
ient. — To cast away, to reject ; to throw away ; to lavish 
or waste by profusion ; to turn to no use ; to wreck, as a 
ship. — To cast by, to reject; to dismiss or discard with 
neglect or hate, or as useless. — To cast down, to throw 
down •, to deject or depress the mind. — To cast forth, to 
throw out, or eject, as from an inclosed place ; to emit, or 
send abroad ; to exhale. — To cast off, to discard or reject ; 
to drive away •, to put off ; to put away ; to disburden. — 
Among huntsmen, to leave beliind, as dogs ; to set loose, 
or free. — Among seamen, to loose, or untie. — To cast out, 
to send forth ; to reject or turn out ; to throw out, as 
words ; to speak, or give vent to. — To cast up, to com- 
pute ; to reckon ; to calculate. Also, to eject ; to vomit. 
— To cast on, to refer or resign to. — To cast onc^s self on, 
to resign or yield one's self to the disposal of, without re- 
serve. — To cast young, to miscarry ; to suffer abortion. — 
To cast in the teeth, to upbraid ; to charge ; to twit. 

€AST, V. i. 1. To throw forward, as the thouglits, with a 
view to some determination ; or to turn or revolve in the 
mind ; to contrive. 2. To receive form or shape. 3. To 
warp ; to twist from regular shape. Moxon.—A. In sea- 
?n.o?i'.s language, to fall off, or incline, so as to bring the 
ride of a ship to the wind. 

€AST, ??. 1. The act of casting •, a throw ; the thing thrown •, 
the form or state of throwing •, kind or manner of throw- 
ing. 2. The distance passed by a thing thrown •, or the 
space through which a thing thrown may ordinarily pass. 
3. A stroke , a touch. 4. Motion or turn of the eye ; di- 



rection, look or glance ; a squinting. 5. A throw of dice , 
hence, a state of chance or hazard. 6. Form -, shape. 7. A 
tinge ; a slight coloring, or slight degree of a color. 8. 
Manner ; air ; mien •, as, a peculiar cast of countenance. 
9. A flight; a number of hawks let go at once. 10. A 
small statue of bronze. — 11. Among founders, a tube of 
wax, fitted into a mold, to give shape to metal. 12. A 
cylindrical piece of brass or copper, slit in twolesigthwise, 
to form a canal, or conduit, in a mold, for conveying metal. 
— 13. Among plumbers, a little brazen funnel, at one end 
of a mold, for casting pipes without sodering, by means of 
which the melted metal is poured into the mold. 14. ^Sp., 
Port. casta.~\ A breed, race, lineage, kind, sort. — 15. In 
Hindostan, a tribe or class of the same rank or profession 
16. Atrick. Martin. 

CAS-Ta'LI-AIN, a. Pertaining to Castalia, a cool spring on 
Parnassus, sacred to the muses. 

€AST'A-NET, n. [Sp. castancta, castavuela.] An instru- 
ment of music formed of small concave shells of ivory or 
hard wood, shaped like spoons. 

€AST'A-WAY, n. That wliicn is thrown away. A person 
abandoned by God, as unworthy of his favor ; a repro- 
bate. 

€AST'A-WAY, a. Rejected •, useless ; of no value 

CAST'ED, pp. for cast, is not in use. 

€AS'TEL-LAN, n. [Sp. castellan,] A governor or consta- 
ble of a castle. 

€AS'TEL-LA-NY, n. The lordship belonging to a castle ; 
or the extent of its land and jurisdiction. 

€AS'TEL-LA-TED, a. 1. Inclosed in a bmlding, as a toun- 
tain or cistern. 2. Adorned wita turrets and battlements 
like a castle. 

€AS-TEL-La'TION, n. The act of fortifying a house, and 
rendering it a castle. 

CaST'ER, n. 1. One who throws or casts ; one who com 
putes ; a calculator ; one who calculates fortunes. 2. A 
small vial or vessel for the table. 3. A small wheel on a 
swivel, on which furniture is cast, or rolled, on the floor. 

CAS'TI-GATE, ij. f. [L. castigo.] To chastise ; to punish 
bv stripes ; tp correct •, to chasten ; to check. 

€AS'Ti-GA-TED, pp. Punished ; corrected. 

CAS'Tl-GA-TING, ppr. Punishing ; correcting ; chastising. 

€AS-TI-Ga'TIO?^% n. 1. Punishment ; correction ; penance , 
discipline ; emendation ; restraint. — 2. Among the iJo7??a7is, 
a military punishment inflicted on offenders, by beating 
with a wand or switch. 

CAS'TI-GA-TOR, n. One who corrects, 

€AS'TI-GA-T0-RY, a. Tending to correction ; corrective ; 
punitive. Bramhall. 

€AS'TI-GA-T0-RY, 71. An engine formerly used to punish 
and correct arrant scolds, called also a ducking-stool, or 
trehucket. 

€AS'TiLE-SoAP, n. A kind of pure, refined soap. 

€AS-TIL'IAN, a. Pertaining to Castile in Spain. 

€AS-TIL'Iy\N, n. An inhabitant or native of Castile in 
Spain. 

CaST'ING, ppr. Throwing ; sending ; computing ; calcu- 
lating ; turning ; giving a preponderancy ; deciding ; run- 
ning or throwing into a mold to give shape. 

CAST'ING, 71. 1. The act of casting or founding. 2. That 
which is cast in a mold ; any vessel formed by casting 
melted metal into a mold, or in sand. 3. The taking of 
casts and impressions of figures, busts, medals, &c. 

€aST'ING-NET, n. A net which is cast and drawn, in 
distinction from a net that is set and left. 

CAST'ING-VOTE, or CAST'ING-YOICE, n. The vote of 
a presiding officer, m an assembly or council, which de- 
cides a question, wiien the votes of the assembly or house 
are equally divided between the affirmative and negative. 

- U. States. Coze. 

CAS'TLE, (kas'sl) n. [Sax. castel ; L. castellum.] 1. A 
house fortified for defense against an enemy ; a fortress. 
2. The house or mansion of a nobleman or prince. — 3. In 
a ship, there are two parts called by this name ; the fore- 
castle, a short deck in tije fore part of the ship, above the 
upper deck •, and the hindcastle, at the stern. — Castle in 
the air, a visionary project ; a scheme that has no solid 
foundation. 

CAS'TLE, v.t. In the game of chess, to cover the king with 
a castle, by a certain move. 

CASTLE-BUILD'ER, n. One who forms visionary 
schemes. 

CAS'TLE-BUILD'ING, n. The act of building castles lu 
the air. 

CASTLE-CROWNED, a. Crowned with a castle. 

CAS'TLED, a. Furnished with castles. Drydtn. 

CAS'TLE-GUARD, 71. A feudal tenure. 

CAS'TLE-RY, 7?. The government of a castle. 

CAS'TLE-SoAP, n. [from Castile soap.] A kind of soap. 
Add.ison. 

CAS'TLET, n. A small castle. Leland. 

CAS'TLE-WARD, n. An imposition laid for maintaining 
watch and ward in the castle. 

CAST'LING, n. An abortion or abortive. 



• Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNI'i-E.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; Tll as in this, f Obsolete 



I 



CAT 



128 



CAT 



CAS'TOR, 71. [L.] 1. A beaver, an amp):ibious quadruped, 
wiiJi a flat, ovate tail, short ears, a blunt nose, small fme 
feet, and large hind feet. 2. A reddish brown substance, 
of a strong, penelraling smell, taken from bags or cods in 
'I'le groin of ilie beaver -. a powerUil antispasmodic. — 3. In 
a^-trono?ny, a moiety of the constellation Gemini, called 
also Apvllo. — Castor and PuUux, in metcoroloiry, a fiery 
meteor, wliich, at sea, appears sometiaies adhering to a 
part iif a ship, in the form of balls. 

G'VS-To'RE-UM, 7!. The ingiiinal gland of the beaver. 

€aS'TO-R[N, ) ?i. An animal principle, prepared by boil- 

CAS ?0-RrNE, \ ing castor. 

€aS'TUR-(D[L, n. The oil of the riciniis, or palma Christi, 
a plant of the West Indies. 

XeASTO-RY, n. Trobably the oil drawn from the castore- 
um. 

€AS-TRA-ME-Ta'TION, n. [L. castrametor.] The art 
or act of encampmg ; the marking or laying out of a 
camp. 

€.AjS'TRATE, v. t. [L. castro.] 1. To geld ; to deprive of 
tne testicles •, to emasculate. 2. To take away or re- 
trench, as the obscene paits of a v/riting. 3. To take out 
a leaf or sheet from a book, and render it imperfect 

€AS'TRA-TED, pp. Gelded ; emasculated ; purified from 
obscene expressions. 

€AS'TRA-TL\G, ppr. Gelding 5 taking away the obscene 
parts of a writing. 

€AS-TRa'TION, n. Tlie act of gelding: the act or practice 
of making eunuchs ; the act of taking away the ob=!cene 
parts of a writing ; the act of taking oxit a leaf or sheet of 
a book. — In botany th3 cutting off of the anthers, or tops 
of the stamens of flowers, before the ripening of the 
pollen. 

€AS-TRa'TO, n. [It.] A male person emasculated for the 
purpose of improving his voice for a sinser. 

GAS TREL, or KESTREL, n. A kind of hawk, resembling 
the lanner in shape, and the hobby in size. 

€AS-TKEX'SIAX, a. [L. castreusis.] Belonging to a camp. 

eASU-AL, (cazh'u-al) a. [Ft. c a sue! ; Sp., Port, casual.] 
1. Falling ; happening, or coming to pass, without design 
in the person or persons affected, anO svithout being fore- 
seen, or expected ; accidental •, fortuitous ■, coming by 
chance. 2. Occasional ; commg at certain times, without 
regularity, in distinction from stated, or regular. 3. Tak- 
ing place", or beginning to exist, without an elScient intel- 
ligent cause, and without design. 

eAS'U-AL-LY, adv. Accidentally ; fortuitously ; without 
design ; by chance. 

GASU AL-XESS, n. Accidentalness ; the quality of being 
casual. 

€AS'U-AL-TY, (cazh'u-al-ty) ??. ]. Accident ; that which 
comes by chance or without design, or without being fore- 
seen •, contingency. 2. An accident that produces unnat- 
ural death ; and, by a metonymy, deatn, or other misfor- 
tune, occasioned by an accident. — 3. In S:ots la^c, an 
emolument due from a vassal to Jiis superior, beyond the 
stated vearlv duties, upon certain casual events. 

€AS U-IST, (cazh'u-ist) ?f. [It., Sp., Port, ccsiusia.] One 
who studies and resolves cases of conscience. 

eAg'U-IST, V. i. To play the part of a casuist. 

€\fS-Tj l^ Tl F \T { °" ^sl'i^ing to cases of conscience. 

€AS'U-IS-TRY, (cazh u-is-try) n. The science or doctrine 
of cases of conscience ; the science of determining the 
lawfulness or unlawfulness of what a man may do. — 
Casus faderis. [L.] The case stipulated by treaty." 

€AT, n. [Ir. cat ; Fr. chat.] 1. A name applied to a cer- 
tain species of carniverous quadnipeds, of the genus 
felis. 2. A ship formed on the Norwegian model. "3. A 
strong tackle or combination of pulleys,"to hook and draw 
an anchor perpendicularly up to the cat-head of a ship. 4. 
A double tripod, having six feet.— Ccf of nine tails, an in- 
strument of punishment, consisting of nine pieces of line 
or cord. 

€AT -BLO€K, n. A two or three fold block, with an iron 
strop and large hook, used to draw up an anchor to the 
cat-Jiead. 

€AT'.-?'-EYE, n. Sun-stone, a subspecies of quartz. 

€AT-EYED, a. Having eyes like a cat. 

€AT'-FISH, 7(. A species of the squalits, or shark. 

GAT'S'-FOOT, n. A plant of the senus ^lechoma. 

eAT-GUt, n. The intestines of sheep or lambs, dried and 
twisted together, used as strings for violins and other in- 
struments.^ 

€AT-HARP-IXGS, n. Ropes serving to brace in the 
shrouds of the lower masts behind their respective yards, 
to tighten the shrouds, and give more room to draw in the 
yards, when the ship is close hauled. 

eAT'-HEAD, n. A strong beam projecting horizontally 
over a ship's bows. 

€AT'S-HEAD, n. A kind of apple. 

"^AT'-HOOK, 71. A strong hook fitted to the cat-block. 

eAT-MINT, n. ,A plant of the genus nepeta. 

eAT'S'-PAW, n. 1. Among seame?i, a light air, perceived 



in a calm, by a rippling of the surface of the water ; also, 
a particular tuni in the bight of a rope, made to hook a 
tackle on. 2. A dupe ; the instrument which another 
uses. 

€AT'-SALT, n. A sort of salt beautifully granulated, form 
ed out' of the bittern or leach-brine 

€AT'SIL-YER, n. A fossU, a species of mica. 

€AT'-TAIE, n. 1. A species of reed, of the genus typha 
2. A substance growing en nut-trees, oines, ice. 

€ATA-BAP'TIST, n. [Gr. Kara and paTTricrns.] One who 
opposes baptism. 

€AT-A-€AUS TI€, a. [Gr. KaraKavixis.] Catacaustic 
curves, in geometry, are that species of caustic curves, 
which are formed by reflection. 

€AT-A-€HRe'SIS, n. [Gr. Karaxprjijis.] An abuse of a 
trope or of words ; a figure in rhetoric, when one word 
is abusively put for another. 

€AT-A-€HRES Ti€, ) a. Belonging to a catachi-esis : 

€AT-A-€HflES'Ti-€AL, \ forced 5 far-fetched 5 wrested 
from its natural sense. 

€AT-A-€HREST1-€AL-LY, adv. In a forced manner. 

€AT A-CLYSM, n. [Gr. KaraKXvajxos.] A deluge, or over- 
flowing of water. ILUtie used.] Jiall. 

€AT'A-€oMB, (cat'a-c5me) n. [Gr. Kara and KVfilSos.] 
A cave, grotto, or subterraneous place for the burial 01 
the dead. 

€AT-A-€OUS'TI€S, v. [Gr. KaraKovu).} That part of 
acoustics, or the doctrine of sounds, which treats of re- 
flected sounds. 

€AT-A-DI-OPTRI€, ) a. [Gr. Kara and )ioi:Touai.] Ee- 

€AT-A-DI-OP'TKI-€AL, \ fleeting light. 

€^VT'A-DUPE, n. [Gr. nara and (5ou7r£w.] A cataract or 
waterfall. Brewer. 

€AT-AG-MAT I€, a. [Gr. Karayixa.] That has the qual- 
ity of consolidating broken parts. 

€AT'A-GRAPH, n. [Gr. Kara and ypa(p^o.] The first 
draught of a picture ; also, a profile. 

€Ar-A-LE€'Tl€, a. [Gr. Kara and Xeyw.] Pertaining 
to metrical composition, or to measure. — Catalectic verses 
are such as want cither feet or syllables. 

€AT-A-LLP SIS, 1 n. [Gr. KaTa\i]\j.is.] A sudden suppres 

€AT A-LEP-SY, J sion of motion and sensation, a kind of 
apoplexy, in which the patient is speechless, senseless, 
and fixed in one posture. 

€AT-A-LEP TI€, a. Pertaining to catalepsy. 

t€AT A-LO-GiZE, v. t. To uisert in a catalogue. 

€AT A-LOGUE, (kat a-log) 71. [Gr. Kara\oyos.] A list or 
enumeration of the names of men or things disposed in 
order. 

€AT A-LOGUE, v. t. To make a list of. Herbert 

€A-TAL PA, n. A large tree of Carolina. 

€A-TAL Y-SIS, a. [Gr. KaTa\vuii.] Dissolution. Taylor 
[Little iLsed.] 

€A-TAM'x\-IlAjNi, ?!. In jiaval language, a float so called. 

€AT-A-Me XI-A, n. The menses ; the monthly courses. 

€AT-A-Me'XI-AL, a. [Gr. Karapirivioi.] Pertaming to the 
catanienia, or menstrual discharges. 

€AT'A-.^ilTE, n. [L. cataniiius.] A boy kept for unnat- 
ural purposes. 

€AT'A-MOUXT, or €AT'A-MOUX'TAIN, 71. Cat of the 
mountain ; the wild cat. 

€AT'A-PASM, n. [Gr. Kara-aapLU.] A dry powder for 
sprinklmg the body. Coxe. 

€AT A-PELT, or CATA-PULT, n. [Gr. KaTaT:t\rr,s ; L. 
catapulta.] A military engine used by the ancient Greeks 
and Romans. 

€AT-A-PEL'Tie, a. Pertaming to the catapelt. As a 
noun, the catapelt. 

€AT-A-PHON'I€S, 7i. [Gr. Kara and (piovr).] The doc- 
trine of reflected sounds, a branch of acoustics. 

€AT'A-PHRA€T, n. [L. cataphracta.] 1. In the ancient 
wilitary art, a piece of heavy defensive armor. 2 A 
horseman in complete armor. .Milton. 

€AT'A-PLASM, n. [Gr. Ka~a-n\aaKa.] A poultice 

t€AT'A-PUCE, 7i. The herb spurge. Chaucer. 

€AT'A-PULT, 77. [L. catapulta.] See Catapelt. 

CAT A-RA€T, n. [L. cataracta.] 1. A great fall of wa- 
ter over a precipice, as that of Niagara. It is a cascade 
upon a gi-eat scale. 2. In medicine and surgery, an opaci- 
ty of the crystaline lens, or its capsule ; a disorder in the 
eye, by which the pupil, which is usually black and 
transparent, becomes opake, blue, gray, brown, &c., by 
which vision is impaired or destroyed. 

€A-TaRRH', n. [L. catarrhus.] A defluxion of mucus from 
the membranes of the nose, fauces, and bronchise, with 
fever, sneezing, cough, thirst, lassitude, and loss of appe- 
tite, called also a cold, coryza. An epidemic catarrh is 
called influenza. 

€A-TaRRH'AL, ) a. Pertaining to catarrh, produced by 

CA-TaRRH'OUS, \ it, or attending it. 



See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, Zon^.— FAR, FALL, WH^^T •,— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD — t Obsolete 



CAT 129 



CAT 



€A-TAS'TE-RISM, n. [Gr. KaTaffTepicfios.] A constella- 
tion, or a placing among the stars. 

€A-TAS'TRO-PHE, J ?i. [Gr. /caraarpo^;?.] 1. The change 

CA-T^IS'TRO-PHY, ) or revolution which produces the 
final event of a dramatic piece 5 or the unfolding and 
winding up of the plot. 2. A final event ; conclusion ; 
generally, an unfortunate conclusion, calamity, or disaster. 

€AT'€ALL, n. A squeaking instrument, used in play- 
house's to condemn plays 

€ATCH, V, t. pret. and pp. catched, or caught. [Sp. coger. 
The popular or common pronunciation is ketch.] 1. To 
seize or lay hold on with the hand ; carrying the sense of 
pursuit, thrusting forward the hand, or rushing on. 2. To 
seize, in a general sense. 3. To seize, as in a snare or 
trap ; to insnare ; to entangle. 4. To seize in pursuit ; 
hence, simply, to overtake. 5. To take hold ; to communi 
cate to. 6. To seize the affections ; to engage and attach 

X to. 7. To take or receive by contagion or infection. 8. 
To snatch j to take suddenly. 9. To receive something 
passing. — To catch at, to endeavor to seize suddenly. — 
To catch up, to snatch ; to take up suddenly. 

CATCH, V. i. 1. To communicate j to spread by infecting. 
2. To seize and hold. 

CATCH, n. 1. Seizure ; the act of seizing. 2. Any thing 
that seizes or takes hold, as a hook. 3. The posture of 
seizing ; a state of preparation to catch, or of watching an 
opportunity to seize. 4. A sudden advantage taken. 5 
The thing caught, considered as an object of desire ; prof- 
it ; advantage. 6. A snatch ; a short interval of action. 
7. A little portion. 8. In music, a fugue in the unison, 
wherein, to humor some conceit in the words, the melo- 
dy is broken, and the sense is interrupted in one part, and 
caught and supported by another, or a different sense is 
given to the words. 

CATCH'A-BLE, a. That may be caught. [JtTot well author- 
ized.] 

CATCH'ER, n. One who catches ; that which catches, 
or in whichjuiy thing is caught. 

€ATCH'-FLY, n. A plant of the genus lychnis ; campion. 

CATCH'ING, ppr. Seizing ; taking hold ; insnaring ; en- 
tangling. 

CATCH'IXG, a. Communicating, or that may be communi- 
cated by contagion ; infectious. 

CATCH PEN-NY, n. Something worthless, particularly a 
book or pamphlet, adapted to the popular taste, and in- 
tended togain money in market. 

CATCH'-PoLL, n. A bailiff's assistant, so called by way 
of reproach. 

*€ATCn'UP, or*CAT'SUP, n. A liquor extracted from 
mushrooms, used as a sauce. 

CATCH'-WoRD, n. Among printers, the word placed at 
the bottom of each page, under the last line, which is to 
be inserted as the first word on the following page. 

CATE. See Gates. 

CAT-E-CHET'I-CAL, or CAT-E-CHET'IC, a. 1. Relat- 
ing to oral instruction, and particularly in the first princi- 
ples of the Christian religion. 2. Relating to, or consist- 
uig in asking questions and receiving answere. 

CAT-E-CHET I-CAL-LY, adv. By question and answer ; 
in the way of oral instmction. 

CAT'E-CHISE, V. t. [Gr. /caT?7;:^£i^a).] 1. To instruct by 
asking questions, receiving answei-s, and offering explana- 
tions and corrections. 2. To question ; to interrogate ; to 
examine or try by questions, and sometimes with a view 
to reproof, by eliciting answers from a person, which con- 
demn his own conduct. 3. Appropriately, to ask ques- 
tions concerning the doctrines of the Christian religion ; 
to interrogate pupils, and give instruction in the princi- 
ples of religion. 

CAT'E-CHISED, pp. Instructed. 

CAT'E-CHlS-ER, n. One who catechises ; one who in- 
structs by question and answer, and particularly in the 
rudiments of the Christian religion. 

CAT'E-CHlS-ING, ppr. Instructing in rudiments or princi- 
ples. 

CAT'E-CHISM, 71. [Gr. »caT?7;^t(r//of.] A form of instruc- 
tion by means of questions and answers, particularly in 
the principles of religion. 2. An elementary book, con- 
taining a summary of principles in any science or art, but 
appropriately in religion, reduced to the form of questions 
and answers. 

CAT'E-CHIST, n. [Gr. Ka-TjxtcrTT]?.] One who instructs 
by question and answer ; a catechiser ; one appointed by 
tlie church to instruct in the principles of religion. 

CAT-E-€HIST'IC, ) a. Pertaining to a catechist, or cat- 

CAT-E-CHIST'I-CAL, \ echism. 

CAT-E-CHIST'I-CAL-LY, adv. In a catechlstical manner. 
South. 

€AT'E-CHU, 71. Terra Japonica, a dry extract, or brown as- 
tringent substance. 

CAT-E-CHtJ'MEN, n. [Gr. Karvxovixtva.] One who is 
in the first rudiments of Christianity ; one who is receiv- 
ing instruction and preparing himself for baptism. 



CAT-E-CHU-MEN'I-CAL, a. Belonging to catechumens. 
CAT-E-CHtJ'MEN-IST, n. A catechumen. 
CAT-E-GOR'I-CAL, a. 1. Pertaining to a category. 2. Ab- 
solute ; positive ; express ; not relative or hypotheti- 

CAT-E-GOR'I-CAL-LY, adv. Absolutely; direcUy ; ex- 
pressly ; positively. 

CAT'E-GO-RY, n. [Gr. Karvyopia.] In logic, a series or 
order of all the predicates or attributes contained under a 
genus. 

CAT-E-Na'RI-AN, )a. [L. catenarius.] Relating to a 

CAT'E-NA-RY, \ chain ; like a chain. 

CAT'E-NATE, v. t, [L. catena.] To chain, or rather tc 
connect in a series of links or ties. 

CAT-E-Na'TION, n. Connection of links, union of paits, 
as in a chain ; regular connection. See Concatena- 
tion. 

CAT'E-NU-LATE, a. Consisting of little links or chains. 

Ca'TER, v. i. To provide food ; to buy or procure provis- 
ions. 

Ca'TER, n. A provider. [See Caterer.] Old Eng. achor- 
tor. Chaucer. 

Ca'TER, n. The four of cards or dice ; so written for Fr 
quatre. 

Ca'TER-COUS'IN, n. A quatre-cousin, a remote rela 
tion. 

Ca'TER -ER, n. [from cater. In Chaucer, achator, from 
achcter.] A provider, buyer, or purveyor of provisions. 

Ca'TER-ESS, n. A woman who caters ; a female provider 
of food. 

CAT'ER-PIL-LAR, 71. The colored and often hauy larva 
of the lepidopterou^ insects. 

CAT'ER-PIL-LAR-eAT ER, n. A worm bred in the body 
of a caterpillar, which eats it. 

CAT'ER-WAUL, v. i. To cry or waul, as cats in rutting 
time ; to make a harsh, offensive noise. 

CAT'ER-WAUL-ING, ji. The cry of cats ; a harsh, disa- 
greeable noise or cry. 

Ca'TER-Y, 71. The place where provisions are deposited. 

CaTES, 71. Delicious food or viands ; dainties. 

CATH'A-RIST, n. [Gr. Kadapos.] One who pretends to 
more purity than others possess. 

CA-THaR'TIC, or CA-THARTI-CAL, a. [Gr. KaBapri- 
KOi.] Purging ; cleansing the bowels ; promoting evacu- 
ations by stool •, purgative. 

CA-THaR'TIC, 71. A medicine that promotes alvine dis- 
charges, and thus cleanses the stomach and bowels ; a 
purge ; a purgative. 

€A-THAR'TI-CAL-NESS,7!. The quality of promoting dis- 
charges from the bowels. 

CA-THe'DRAL, 7). [L. cathedra.] The see or seat of a 
bishop_; the principal church in a diocese. 

CA-THe'DRAL, a. 1. Pertaining to the church which is 
the bishop's seat, or head church of a diocese ; containing 
the see of a bishop. 2. Resembling the aisles of a cathe- 
dral. 

CATH'E-DRA-TED, a. Relating to the authority of the 
chair or office of a teacher. 

CATH'E-RiNE-PEaR, n. An inferior kind of pear. 

CATH'E-TER, 71- [Gr. Kadervp.] In s^irgery, a tubular 
instrument, usually made of silver, to be introduced into 
the bladder, to draw off the urine when the natural dis- 
charge is suppressed. 

CATH'E-TUS, n. [Gr. Kaderog.] In geometry, a line or 
radius, falling perpendicularly on another line or surface. 

CATHOLES, 71. Two little holes astern above the gun- 
room ports of a ship. 

CATH'O-LIC, a. [Gr. Kaeo\iK.og.] 1. Universal or general ; 
as, the Catholic church. 2. Liberal ; not narrow-minded, 
partial or bigoted. — Catholic epistles, the epistles of the 
apostles which are addressed to all the faithful, and not to 
a particular church. 

CATH'O-LIC, 71. A papist. 

CA-THOL'I-CAL, a. General. Orerrory. 

* CATH O-Ll-Cisai, n. 1 . Adherence to the Catholic church 

2. Universality, or the orthodox faith of the whole church 

3. More generally, liberality of sentiments. 
*CATHO-LI-ClZE, v. i. To become a Catholic. [Little 

used.] 

CATH'O-LIC-LY, adv. Generally ; in a Catholic manner 

CATH'0-LIC-NESS, n. Universality. 

CA-THOL'I-CON, n. [Gr. KadoXiKov.] A remedy for all 
diseases ; a universal remedy ; a remedy supposed to be 
efiicaciousin purging away all humors ; a panacea. 

CAT'I-LIN-ISM, 71. The practices of Catiline, the Roman 
conspirator ; conspiracy. 

CAT'KIN, 71. In botany, a species of calyx, or rather of in- 
florescence. 

CAT'-LIKE, a. Resembling a cat. Shak. 

CATTjING, 71. 1. A dismembering knife, used by surgeons 
2. The down or moss growing about walnut-trees, resem- 
bling the hair of a cat, 3. Catgut. Shak. 

CAT'NIP, 71. A plant ; cat-mint. 



* See Synopsis 



MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.2-C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. 



t Obsolete. 



CAU 



130 



CAV 



6A-T0 NI-AN, a. Pertaining to or resembling Cato ; grave j 
severe ; inflexible. 

€A-TOP'TER, or€A-TOP'TRON, n. [Gr. KaroTTTpov.] An 
optical glass or instrument. « 

€A-TOPiTIll€, ; a. Relating to catoptricg, or vision by 

eA-TOP'Tia-€AL, \ reflection. 

€A-TOP'TRI€S, 71. [Gr. KaToriTpiKos.] That part of optics 
which explains the properties of reflected light. 

€A-TOPTRO-MAN-CY, w. [Gr. KUToizTponavTSta.] A spe- 
cies of divination among the ancients. 

€AT'-PIPE. See Catcall. 

* GAT'SUP. See Catchup, Ketchup. 

GAT'TLE, n. sing, or plu. [Norm, catal, chastel.] 1. 
Beasts or quadrupeds in general, serving for tillage, or 
other labor, and for food to man. In its jrrimary sense, 
the word includes cajnels, horses, asses, all the varieties 
of domesticated horned beasts, of the bovine genus, sheep 
of all kinds, and goats. 2. In the United States, cattle, in 
common usage, signifies only beasts of the bovine genus, 
oxen, bulls, cows, and their young. 3. In reproach,, hu- 
man beings are called cattle. 

GAU-Ga'SIAN, or GAU-GA-Se'AN, a. Pertaining to 
Mount Caucasus in Asia. 

GAUG'US, n. A word used, in America, to denote a meet- 
ing of citizens to agree upon candidates, to be proposed 
for election to offices, or to concert measures for sup- 
porting a party. The origin of the word is not ascer- 
tained. 

GAUD'AL, a. [1,. cauda.'] Pertaining to a tail; or to the 
thread which terminates the seed of a plant. 

€AUD'A-TED ( °" ^^' '^"''"''^""l Having a tail. Fairfax. 

GAUD'EX, n. ; pZzt. Caudexe3. [L.] In botany, the stem 
of a tree. 

GAU'DLE, n. [Fr. chaudeati.'] A kind of warm broth, a 
mixture of wine and other ingredients. 

CAU'DLE, V. t. To make or prepare caudle, or to dress 
with caudle. Shak. 

GAUF, n. A chest with holes for keeping fish alive in 
'water. 

GAUGHT, (cawt) pret. and pp. of catck. 

GAUK, or GAWK, n. A name giveji, by miners, to cer- 
tain specimens of the compact sulphate of barytes. 

GAUK'Y, a. Pertaining to cauk ; like cauk. 

GAUL, 71. [L. caula.] 1. In anatomy, a membrane in the 
abdomen, covering the greatest part of the lower intes- 
tines. 2. A kind of net in which females inclose their 
hair ; the hinder part of a cap. 3. Any kind of net. 

GAU-LES'CENT, a. [L. caulis.} In botany, having a stem 
different from that which produces the flower. 

GAU'LET, n. [L. caulus.] Colewort. 

GAU-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. caulis and fero.] In botany,hav- 
ing a stem or stalk. 

GAUL'I-FLOW-ER, n. [It. cavolfiorc.] A variety of bras- 
sica, or cabbage, well known and much esteemed. 

GAUL'I-FOllM, a. [L. caulis and forma.] Having the fonn 
of a stalk, or of stems. 

GAUL'INE, a. [L. caulis.] In botany, growing immediate- 
ly on the stem. 

GAULK. See Calk. 

t GAUP'0-NATE, v. i. [1.. caitponm:] To keep a victual- 
ing house. 

j-GAUP'0-NTSE, V. t. To sell wine or victuals. 

GAtJS'A-BLE, a. That may be caused, produced oreflTected. 

GAUS'AL, a. Relating to a cause or causes ; implying or 
containing a cause ot causes ; expressing a cause. 

GAUS'AL, n. In grammar, a word that expresses a c;iuse, 
or introduces the reason. 

GAUS-AL'I-TY, 71. The agency of a cause ; the action or 
power of a cause, in producing its effect. 

€AUS'AL-LY, ado. According to the order or series of 
causes. Brown. 

GAUS'AL-TY, n. Amongminers, the lighter, earthy parts 
of ore^*carried off by washing. 

GAUS-a'TION, n. The act of causing or producing ; the 
act or agency by which an effect is produced. 

GAUS'A-TiVE, a. That expresses a cause or reason ; also, 
that effects as a cause. 

GAUS'A-TiVE-LY, adv. In a causative manner. 

GAUS-A'TOR, 71. One who causes or produces an effect. 

CAUSE, n. [Fr. caiwe ; Sp,, Port., It. causa ; L. catisa.] 1. A 
suit or action in court ; any legal process which a party 
institutes to obtain his demand. 2. That which produces 
an effect 5 that by virtue of which anything is done ; that 
from which any thing proceeds, and without which it 
would not exist. 3. The reason or motive that urges, 
moves, or impels the mind to act or decide. 4. Sake ; 
account. 5. That which a party or nation pursues ; or 
rather pursuit, prosecution of an object. — 6. Without cause, 
without good reason. 

GAUSE, V. t. 1. To produce ; to bring into existence. 2. To 
effect by agency, power, or influence. 

t GAUSE, V. i. To assign insufficient cause. 



GAUSED, pp. Produced ; efl'ected ; brought about. 
GAUSE'LESS, a. 1. Having no cause, or producing agent. 

2. Without just ground, reason or motive. 
GAUSE'LESS-LY, adv. Without cause or reason. 
GAUSE'LESS-NESS, n. The state of being causeless. 
GAUS'ER, n. He that causes ; the agent by which an efl'ect 



GAUS'EY, (cauz'y) 71. [Norm, calsay ; Fr. chaussee.] A 
way raised above the natural level of the ground, by 
stones, earth, timber, fascines, &c., serving as a dry pas 
sage over wet or marshy ground. 

GAU-SID'I-GAL, a. [L. causidicus.] Pertaining to an ad 
vocate, or to the maintenance and defense of suits. 

GAUS'ING,pipr. Producing; effecting; bringing into being 

GAUS'TIG, ) a. [Gr. KavartKog.] Burning ; corroding ; 

G AUS'TI-G AL, ) destroying the textm-e of animal flesh . 

GAUS'TIG, n. In medicine, any substance which, applied to 
living animals, acts like fire ; an escharotic. 

GAUS-TIC I-TY, n. The quality of acting like fire on ani- 
mal matter. 

GAUS'TIG-NESS, n. The quality of being caustic. Scott. 

jGAU'TEL, 71. [L. cautela.] Caution. Shak. 

GAU'TEL-OUS, a. [Fr. cauteleux.] 1. Cautious ; wary ; 
provident. 2. Cunning ; treacherous ; wily. 

GAU'TEL-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Cunningly ; slily ; treacher- 
ously. Bacon. 2. Cautiously ; warily. Brown. 

GAU'TEL-OUS-NESS, n. Cautiousness. 

GAU'TER, n. A searing hot iron. Minsheu. 

GAU'TER-ISM, n. The application of cauterj-. 

GAU,TER-I-Za'TION, 71. In surgery, the act of burning 
or searingsome morbid part, by the application of fire. 

GAU'TER-iZE, v. t. [Fr. cauteriser.] To burn or sear with 
fire or a hot iron, as morbid flesh. 

GAU'TER-lZED, pp. Burnt or seared with a hot iron. 

€'AUiTER-lZ-mG, ppr. Burning, as with a hot iron. 

GAU'TER-iZ-ING, 71. The act of burning, as with a hot 
iron. 

GAU'TER-Y, n. [Gr. KavTrjpiov.] A burning or searing, a3 
of morbid flesh, by a hot iron, or by caustic medicines. 

GAU'TION, 71. [L. cautio ; Fr. caution.] 1. Provident care ; 
prudence in regard to danger ; wariness. 2. Security for 
3. Provision or security against ; measures taken for se- 
curity. 4. Precept ; advice ; injunction ; warning ; ex- 
hortation, intended as security or guard against evil. 

GAU'TION, V. t. To give notice of danger ; to warn ; to 
exhort ; to take heed. 

GAU'TfON-A-RY, a. 1. Containing caution, or warning, to 
avoid danger. 2. Given as a pledge or in security. 

GAU'TIONED, pp. Warned ; previously admonished. 

GAU'TION-ER, n. In Scots law, the person who is bound 
for another, to the performance of an obligation. 

GAU'TION-ING, jj;)r. Warning; giving previous notice of 
danger. 

GAU'TION-RY, n. In Scots law, the act of giving security 
for another. 

GAU'TIOUS, a. Wary ; watchful ; careful to avoid evils , 
attentive to examine probable effects and consequences 
of measures, with a view to avoid danger or misfortune ; 
prudent ; circumspect. 

GAU'TIOUS-LY, adv. With caution ; in a wary, scrapu- 
lous manner. 

GAU'TIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being cautious, 
watchfulness ; provident care ; circumspection ; prudence 
with regard to danger. 

GAV'AL-GADE, n. [Fr. cavalcade.] A procession of per 
sons on horseback. 

GAV-A-LIeR', 71. 1. A horseman, especially an armed 
horseman ; a knight. 2. A gay, sprightly, military man. 
3. The appellation of the party of king Charles 1.— 4. In 
fortification, an elevation of earth, situated ordinarily in 
the gorge of a bastion, bordered with a parapet, with em- 
brasures. — 5. In the manege, one who understands horse- 

' manship._ 

GAV-A-LIeR', a. 1. Gay ; sprightly; warlike; brave; 
generous._ 2. Haughty ; disdainful. 

GAV-A-LIkR'LY, adv. Haughtily ; arrogantly ; disdain- 
fully. 

GAV-A-LIeR'NESS, n. Haughtiness ; a disdainful man 
ner. 

GAVAL-RY, 71. [Fr. cavalerie.] A body of military troops 
on horses ; a general term, including light-horse, dragoons, 
and other bodies of men, serving on horseback. 

Ga'VATE, v. t: To dig out and make hollow ; but super- 
seded by excavate. 

GAV-A-Ti'NA, 71. [It.] In music, a short air, without a 
return or second part, which is sometimes relieved by reci- 
tative. 

GA-Va'ZION, n. [L. cava.] In architecture, the underdig 
ging or hollowing of the earth for the foundation of a 
building. 

GAVE, n. [Fr. cave ; L. cavea.] A hollow place in the 
earth ; a subterraneous cavern ; a den. 

GAVE, v. t. To make hollow. Spenser. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tj, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WH>^T ;— PREY ;— PIN, BIARINE, BIRD 



t Obsolete. 



CEI 



131 



CEM 



GAVE, V. i. To dwell in a cave. Sliak.—To cave in^ to fall 
in and leave a hollow. 

eA'VE-AT, n. [L.] 1. In law, a process in a court, especially 
in a spiritual court, to stop proceedings, as to stop ttie prov- 
ing of a will ; also, to prevent the institution of a clerk 
to a benefice. — In America, it is used in courts of common 
law. 2. Intimation of caution j hint ; warning ; admo- 
nition. 

Ga'VE-AT, v. i. To enter a caveat. Judge Imies. 

€a'VE-A-TING, n. In fencing, the shifting of the sword 
from one side of an adversary to the other. 

eA'VE-A-TOK,, n. One who enters a caveat. Judge Innes. 

eAV'ERN, 71. [L. caverna.} A deep, hollow place in the 
earth. 

eAV'ERNED, a. 1. Full of caverns, or deep chasms ; hav- 
ing caverns. 2. Inhabiting a cavern. 

eAV'ERN-OUS, a. [L. cavernosus.] Hollow ; full of cav- 
erns. Woodward. 

eAV-ERN'U-LOUS, a. [L. cavermda.'] Full of little cavi- 
ties. 

€A-VET'T0, n. [from It. cavo.'] In architecture, a hollow 
member, or round concave molding. 

€AV'£-ZON, or €AV'ES-SON, n. [Fr. caveman, or caves- 
son.] A sort of nose-band, which is put on the nose of a 
horse to forward the breaking of him. 

€A-V"L\R', (ca-veer') n. [Sp. cabial ; It. caviale.] The roes 
of certain large fish, prepared and salted. 

€AV'IL, V. i. [Sp. cavilar.] 1. To raise captious and frivo- 
lous objections ; to find fault without good reason. 2. To 
advance futile objections, or to frame sophisms, for the 
sake of victory in an argument. 

€AV'IL, V. t. To receive or treat with objections. {JVot 

€AV'IL, 71. False or frivolous objections ; a fallacious kind 
of reason. 

€AV'IL-ER, n. One who cavils ; one who is apt to raise cap- 
tious objections ; a captious disputant. 

€AV'1L-1NG, ppr. Raising frivolous objections. 

€AV'IL-ING-LY, adv. In a caviling manner. 

€AV'IL-ING-NESS, n. The disposition to cavil. 

€AV-IL-a'TION, 71. [L. cavillatio.] The act or practice 
of caviling, or raising frivolous objections. 

CAVI'L-OUS, a. Captious ; unfair in argument ; apt to ob- 
ject without good reason. 

€AV'ILr-0US-LY, adv. In a cavilous manner ; captiously. 

eAVTL-OUS-NESS, n. Captiousness ; disposition or apti- 
tude to raise frivolous objections. 

€A\''LN, n. [Fr.] In the militanj art, a hcJlow way, or 
natural hollow, adapted to cover troops. 

CAV'I-TY, n. [L. cavitas.] A hollow place ; hollowness ; 
an opening. 

€AV'0-LIN-ITE, n. Vesuvian mineral. 

€a'VY, 71. A genus of quadrupeds, holding a middle place 
between the murine and leporine tribes. 

eAW, V. i. [Sax. ceo.] To cry like a crow, rook, or raven. 

CAX'ON, 71. A cant expression for a wig. 

€AX'OU, n. [Sp. caxa, caxo7i.] A chest of ores of any 
metal that has been burnt, ground and washed, and is 
ready to be refined. [Local.] 

€a Y'AIAN, n. An animal of the genus lacerta, found in the 
West Indies ; the alligator. 

CA-ZW, or €A-ZiaUE', (ca-zeek') 7i. The title of a king 
or chief among several tribes of Indians in America. 

CkASE, v. i. [Fr. cesser.] 1. To stop moving, acting or 
speaking ; to leave ofi" ; to give over. 2. To fail ; to be 
wanting. 3. To stop ; to be at an end. 4. To be forgot- 
ten. 5. To abstain. 

CliiASE, V. t. To put a stop to ; to put an end to. Milton. 

t Cease, n. Extinction. Shak. 

CeASE'LESS, a. 1. Without a stop or pause ; incessant ", 
continual ; without intermission. 2. Endless ; enduring 
for ever. 

CeASE'LESS-LY, adv. Incessantly ; perpetually. 

CeAS'ING, ppr. Stopping ; ending ; desisting ; failing. 

CEG-GHIN', 71. A com of Italy and Barbary. See Zechin. 

*Ce'CI-TY, 71. [L. ccscitas.] Blindness. Brown. 

t CE-€ufTIEN-CY, 71. Tendency to blindness. 

CE'DAR, 77. [L. cedrus.] A tree. 

Ce'DAR^IKE, a. Resembling a cedar. 

Ce'DARN, a. Pertaining to the cedar. Milton. 

CEDE, V. t. [Fr. ceder.] 1. To yield ; to surrender •, to give 
up ; to resign. 2. To relinquish and grant. 

CeD'ED, pp. Yielded ; surrendered ; given up. 

CkB'ING, ppr. Yielding; giving up. 

Ce'DRAT, n. A species of citron-tree. 

Ck'DRiNE, a. Belonging to cedar. 

Ce'DRY, a. Having the color or properties of cedar. 

t CED'ULE, 71. A scroll ; a writing. Cotsravc. 

CED'U-OUS, a. Fit to be felled. Evelyn, 

(JEIL, (seel) v. t. [Sp. cielo.] To overlay or cover the inner 
roof of a building ; or to cover the top or roof of a room. 

('ElLED, pp. Overlaid with timber, or with plastering. 

(/ElL'ING, ppr. Covering the top of a room or building. 

Ceiling, n. l. The covering which overlays the inner 



roof of a building, or the timbers which form the top ot a 
room. — 2._ In ship-building, the inside planks of a ship. 

CEL'AN-DlNE, n. [D. celedonie.] A plant, swallow-wort, 
horned or prickly poppy. 

*Ce'LA-TURE, 71. [L. ccelatura.] 1. The act or art of en- 
graving or embossing. 2. That which is engraved. 

CEL'E-BRATE, v. t. [Fr. celebrer ; L. celebro.] 1. To 
praise ; to extol ; to commend ; to give praise to ; to make 
famous. 2. To distinguish by solemn rites ; to keep holy 
3. To honor or distinguish by ceremonies and marks of 
joy and respect. 4. To mention in a solemn manner, 
whether of joy or sorrow. 

CEL'E-BRA-TED, pp. Praised ; extolled ; honored. 

CEL'E-BRA-TING, ppr. Praising ; honoring. 

CEL-E-BR A'TION, 71. 1. Solemn performance ; a distinguish 
ing by solemn rites. 2. A distinguishing by ceremonies, 
or by marks of joy or respect. 3. Praise ; renown ; honor 
or distinction bestowed. 

CEL'E-BRA-TOR, n. One who celebrates. 

CE-Le'BRI-OUS, a. Famous ; renowned, [Little used.] 

CE-Le'BRI-OUS-LY, adv. With praise or renown. [L. u.] 

CE-Le'BRI-OUS-NESS, 71. Fame ; renown. [Little used.] 

CE-LEB'RI-TY, n. [L. celebritas.] 1. Fame ; renown : the 
distinction or honor publicly bestowed on a nation or per- 
son, on character or exploits. 2. Public and splendid 
transaction. 

CEL'E-RI. See Celery. 

CE-Le'RI-A€, 71. A variety of celery, called also the tur 
nep-rooted celery. See Celery. 

CE-LER'I-TY, 71. [L. celeritas.] 1. Rapidity in motion ; 
swiftness ; speed. 2. An affection of motion by v/hich a 
movable body runs through a given space in a given 
time. 

CEL'E-RY, n. [Fr. celeri.] A plant, a species of apium, 
cultivated for the table. 

CE-LES'TIAL, a. [L. calestis.] 1. Heavenly ; belonging 
or relating to heaven ; dwelling in heaven. 2. Belonging 
to the upper regions, or visible heaven. 3. Descending 
from heaven. 

CE-LES'TIAL, n. An inhabitant of heaven. Pope. 

CE-LES'TIAL-LY, adv. In a heavenly or transporting 
manner. 

fCB-LES'TI-F'V', V. t. To communicate something of a 
heavenly nature to any tiling. 

CEL'ES-TIN, ) n. In mineralogy, native sulphate of 

CEL'ES-TINE, \ strontian. 

CEL'ES-TINS, 71. A religious order, so named from Pope 
_Celestin. 

Ce'LI-AC, a. [Jj. cceliacv^.] Pertaining to the lower belly, 
or intestines. 

* CE-LIB'A-CY, or CEL'I-BA-CY, n. [L. calebs, cceliba- 
tus.'^ An unmarried state ; a single life. 

CELI'-BATE, 71. A single life ; celibacy. 

CELL, n. [L. cella.] 1. A small or close apartment, as in a 
prison, or a bath. 2. A cottage ; a cave 5 a small or mean 
place of residence. 3. A small cavity or hollow place, 
variously applied. — 4. In botany, a hollow place in a peri- 
carp, particularly in a capsule, in which seeds are lodged. 
— 5. In anatomy, a little bag, or bladder, containing fluid 
or other matter. 6. A religious house. 

CEL'L AR, 71. [L. cellarium .] A room under a house or other 
building, used as a repository of liquors, provisions, and 
other stores for a family. 

CEL'L AR- AGE, n. The room for a cellar ; a cellar, or cel- 
lars. 

CEL'LA-RET, n. A case of cabinet work, for holding bot- 
tles of liquors. [Local.] 

CEL'LAR-IST, or CEL'L AR-ER, n. An officer in a monas- 
tery who has the care of the cellar. 

fCEL'LER-ER, 71. A butler. 

CEL-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. cella and fero.] Bearing or pro- 
ducing cells. 

CEL'LU-LAR, a. [L. cellula.] Consisting of cells, or con- 
taining cells. Kirwan. — The cellular membrane, in dimm?A 
bodies, is composed of an infinite number of minute cells, 
communicating with each other. 

fCEL'LULE, n. A little cell. 

CEL-LU-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. cellula and/ero.] Bearing or 
producing little cells. 

CELS'I-TUDE, 71. [L. celsitudo.] Height ; elevation. Chau- 
cer. 

CELT, n. One of the primitive inhabitants of the South of 
Europe. See Celtic. 

CEL-TI-Be'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to Celtiberia. 

CEL-TI-Be'RI-AN, n. An inhabitant of Celtiberia. 

CELT'IC, a. [W. Celt.] Pertaining to the primitive inhab- 
itants of the South and West of Europe, or to the early 
inhabitants of Italy, Gaul, Spain and Britain. 

CELT'I€, n. The language of the Celts. 

CELT'I-CISM, 71. The manners and custcais of the Celts. 
WartoTU 

CELT'IS, 71. The nettle-tree, of several species. 

CEM'ENT, 71. [L. camentum.] 1. Any glutinous or other 
substance, capable of uniting bodies in close cohesion, 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K : 6 as J : S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



CEN 



132 



CEN 



2. Bond of union ; that which unites finnly. 3. Pow- 
ders, or pastes, surrounding bodies in pots and crucibles, 
for chemical purposes. 

CE-MENT', V. t. 1. To unite by the application of matter 
that produces cohesion of bodies. 2. To unite firmly or 
closely, 

CE-MENT', V. i. To unite or become solid ; to unite and 
cohere. 

CEM-EN-Ta'TION, n. 1, The act of cementing ; the act 
of uniting by a suitable substance.— 2. In chemistry, the 
act of applying cements to substances, or the corroding 
and changing of them by cement. 

CE-ftlENT'A-TO-RY, a. Cementing ; having the quality 
of uniting firmly. 

CE-MENT'ED,p^. United by cement ; changed by cement ; 
firmly uaited j consolidated. 

CE-MENTER, n The person or thing that cements. 

OE-JMEN'FING, ppr. Uniting by cement ; changing by 
means of a cement ; uniting closely •, consolidating. 

CEM-EN-Tl"TIOUS, a. Having the quality of cementing ; 
conglutinating j tending to unite or consolidate. 

CEM'E-TER-Y, n. [L. cmmeterium.'] A place where the 
dead bodies of human beings are buried. 

CEN and CIN denote kinsfolk. Gibson. 

*CIiN"'A-TO-RY, a. [L. cmnatorius.] Pertaining or relat- 
ing to supper. Brown. 

Ce'NO-BiTE, m. [Gi. Koivofiiorrig.] One of a religious order, 
who live in a convent, or in community. 

CEN-O-BIT'IC, I a. Living in community, as men be- 

CEN-0-BIT'I-€AL, \ longing to a convent. 

Ce'NO-BY, n. A place where persons live in community. 
Buck. 

CEN'0-TAPH, 71. [Gr. Ksvoracbiov.] An empty tomb erect- 
ed in honor of some deceased person ; a monument erect- 
ed to one who is buried elsewhere. 

CENSE, (sens) n. [L. census.] 1. A public rate or tax. 
Bacon. 2. Condition ; rank ; [obs.] B. Jonson. 

CENSE, V. t. [Fr. encenser.] To perfume with odors from 
burning substances. 

CENS'ER, n. [Fr. encensoir.] A vase or pan in which in- 
cense is burned. 

CENS'ING, ppr. PFrfuming with odore, 

jCEN'SION, 71. [L. censio.] A rate, tax, or assessment. 
J. Hall. 

CENS'OR, 71. [L. censor.] 1, An officer in ancient Rome, 
whose business was to register the eifects of the citizens, 
to inspect their manners, and impose taxes. 2. One who 
is empowered to examine all manuscripts and books, be- 
fore they are committed to the press. 3. One who is giv- 
en to censure. 

€EN-So'RI-AL, / a. 1. Belonging to a censor, or to the 

CEN-So'RI-AN, <) correction of public morals. 2. Full of 
censure. See Censorious, the proper word. 

CEN-So'RI-OUS, a. 1. Addicted to censure ; apt to blame 
or condemn ; severe in making remarks on others, or on 
tb'feir writings or manners. 2. Implying or expressing 
censure. 

CEN-So'RI-OUS-LY, adv. In a censorious manner. 

CEN-So'RI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Disposition to blame and 
condemn; tbe habit of censuring or reproaching. 2. The 
quality of being censorious. 

CENS'OR-LIKE, a. Censorious •, austere. Cotgrave. 

CENS'OR-SHIF, 7i. The office or dignity of a censor ; the 
time during which a censor holds his office. 

CENS'U-AL, (sen'shu-al) a. [Ij. censuali^.] Relating to, or 
containing a census 5 liable to be rated. 

CENS U-RA-BLE, (sen'shu-ra-bl) a. [See Censure.] Wor- 
thv of censure ; blamable ; culpable ; reprehensible ; 
faulty. 

CENS U-RA-BLE-NESS, n. Blamableness ; fitness to be 
censured. Whitlock. 

CENS'U-RA-BLY, adv In a manner worthy of blame. 

CENS'URE, (sen'shur) n. [L. censura ; Fr. censure.] 1. The 
act of blaming or finding fault, and condemning as wrong. 
2. Judicial sentence ; judgment that condemns. 

CENS'URE, (sen'shur) v. t. [Fr. cens^irer.] 1. To find fault 
with and condemn as wrong ; to blame ; to express dis- 
approbation of. -2 To condemn by a judicial sentence, 
as in ecclesiastical ailalrs. 3. To estimate ; [not in use.] 
Shak. 

tCENS'URE, 7?. i. To judge. 

CENS'URED, pp. Blamed ; reproved ; condemned. 

CENS'UR-ING, ppr. Blaming; finding fault withj con- 
demning. 

CENS'US, 7i [L. from censeo. See Cense. l 1. In ancient 
Rome, an authentic declaration made before the censors, 
by the citizens, of their names and places of abode. 2, In 
the United States d/ ./Smenca, an enumeration of the in- 
habitants, taken by public authority. 

CENT, 71. [Fr. cent.] 1. A hundred. In commerce, per 
cent, denotes a certain rate by tlie hundred.— 2. In the 
United States of .America, a copper coin whose valu« is 
the hundredth part of a dollar. 

CENT'A6E, 71. Rate by the cent or hundred. 



CEN'TAUR, 71. [L. eentaurus.] 1. In mytholoay, a fabu- 
lous being, supposed to be half man and half horse 
2. Part of a southern constellation, in form of a centaur , 
the archer. Encyc. 

CEN'TAUR-LIKE, a. Having the appearance of a centaur 

CEN'TAU-RY, 71. [L. centaurea.] The name of a plant, 
and a genus of plants, of numerous species. 

CEN-TE-Na'RI -AN, n. A person a hundred years old 
Trans, of Malte-Brun. 

CENT'EN-A-RY, n. [L. centenarius. ] The number of a 
hundred. 

CENT'EN-A-RY, a. Relating to a hundred ; consisting of 
a hundred. 

CEN-TEN'NI-AL, a. [L. centum.] 1. Consisting of a hun- 
dred years, or completing that term. 2. Pertaining to a 
hundred years. 3. Happening every hundred years. 

CEN-TES'1-MAL, a. [L. centesimus.] The hundredth. As 
a noun, the next step of progression after decimal in the 
arithmetic of fractions. 

CEN-TES-I-Ma'TION, 71, A military punishment, for de- 
sertion, mutiny or the like, where one person in a hundred 
is selected for execution, 

fCEN'TESM, n. [lu. centesimus.] The hundredth part of 
an integej or thing, 

CEN-TI-Fo'LI-OUS, a. [L. centum and/oZam,] Having a 
hundred leaves. 

CEN'TI-GRADE, a. {1,. centum sxidi gradus.] Consisting of 
a hundred degrees ; graduated into a hundred divisions 
or equal parts, 

CEN'TI-GRAM, n. [L. centum, and gram.] In French meas- 
ure, the hundredth part of a gram. 

CEN'TI-LIT-ER, 71. [L. centum, and ¥r. litre, ox litron.] 
The hundredth part of a liter. 

CEN-TIL'O-aUY, n. An hundred-fold discourse. Burton. 

CEN-TIM'E-TER, 71. [L. centum, and Gr. yarpov.] In 
French measure, the hundredth part oi a. metre. 

fCEN'TI-NO-DY, 7!. Knotgrass. 

CEN'TI-PED, n. [L. centipeda.] An insect having a hun 
dred feet. 

CEN'TI-PEE, for centiped, is not used. 

CENT'NER, 71. [L. centum, centenarius.] In metallurgy 
and assaying, a docimastic hundred. 

CEN'TO, 71. [L.] A composition formed by verses or pas- 
sages from other authors, disposed in a new order. 

CEN'TRAL, a. [L. centralis.] Relating to the centre; 
placed in the centre or middle ; containing the centre, or 
pertaining to the parts near the centre. — Central forces', in 
mechanics, the powers which cause a moving body to 
tend towards or recede from the centre of motion. 

CEN-TRAL'I-TY, n. The state of being central. 

CEN'TRAL-LY, adv. With regard to the centre ; in a cen- 
tral manner. 

CEN'TRE, ) 71. [Gr. KEVTpov.] 1. A point equally distant 

CEN'TER, \ from the extremities of a line, figure, or body ; 
the middle point or place. 2. The middle or central object. 
In an army, the body of troops occupying the place in the 
line between the wings 3, A single body or house. 

CEN'TRE, Iv.t. 1. To place on a centre ; to fix on a central 

CEN'TER, \ point. 2. To collect to a point. 

CEN'TRE, ) V. i. 1. To be collected to a point, 2. To be 

CEN'TER, \ coUected to a point ; to rest on. 3. To be 
placed in the middle. 

CEN'TRED, pp. Collected to a point or centre ; fixed on 
a central point. 

CEN'TRING, ppr. Placing on the centre ; collecting to a 
point. 

CEN'TRIC, a. Placed in the centre or middle. 

CEN'TRI-€AL-LY, adv. In a central position. 

CEN'TRI-CAL-NESS, n. Situation in the centre, 

* CEN-TRlF'U-GAL, a. [L. centrum and fugio.] Tending 
to recede from the centre. — The centrifugal force of a 
body is that force by which all bodies moving round ano- 
ther body in a curve tend to fly off from the axis of their 
motion. 

* CEN-TRlP'E-TAL, a. [L, centrum and peto.] Tending 
towards the centre. — Centripetal force is that force whicij 
draws or impels a body towards some point as a 
centre. [JVoie. The common accentuation of centrifugal 
and centripetal is artificial and harsh. The accent on the 
first and third syllables, as in circumpolar, would be natu- 
ral and easy.] 

CEN'TUM-VIR, 71. [L. centum and vir.] One of a hundred 
and five judges, in ancient Rome. 

CEN-TUM'VI-RAL, a. Pertaining to the centumvirs, 

CEN'TU-PLE, a. [Fr.] A hundred fold. 

CEN'TU-PLE, V. t. To multiply a hundred fold. 

CEN-Tt)'PLI-€ATE, v. t. [L. centum and plicatus.] To 
makea hundred fold. 

CEN-Tu'RI-AL, a. Relating to a century, or a hundred 
j'eare. J Woodbridge. 

CEN-Ttf'RI-ATE, v. t. [L. ceniurio.] To divide into hun- 
dreds, 

CEN-TU-RI-A'TOR, or CEN'TU-RIST, n. [Fr. centuria- 
teur.] An historian who distinguishes time into centuries. 



See Synopsis. 5, E, I, O U Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete 



CER 



133 



CES 



CEN-TO'RI-ON, ?i. [L. centiirio.] Among the Romans, a 
military officer who commanded a hundred men. 

CEN'TU-RY, n. [L. centuria.] ]. In a general sense, a. 
hundred. 2. A division of the Roman people; a compa- 
ny consisting of a hundred men. 3. A period of a hun- 
dred years. 

CENT-ZONT'LI, n. The Mexican name of the turduspoly- 
glottus, or mocking thrush. 

CEOL, Sax. a ship, L. celox, or Eng. keel. This word is 
sometimes found prefixed to names. 

CEPH-A-LAL'61€, n. A medicine good for the headache. 

CEPH'A-LAL-6Y, 71. [Gr. Kt<pa\a\'yia.'\ The headache. 

CE-PHAL'I€, a. [Gr. /c£0aXt«:of.] Pertaining to the head. 

CE-PHAL'ie, 71. A medicine for headache or other disorder 
in the_head. 

CE-PHe'US, n. A constellation in the northern hemi- 
sphere. 

Cis'PHUS, 71. A fowl of the duck kind ; also, a species of 
monkey, the mona. 

CER-A-SEE', n. The male balsam apple. 

(';ER'A-SIN, n. [L. cerasus.'] Any gummy substance which 
swells in cold water, but does not readily dissolve in it. 

CER'A-SITE, 71. [L. cerasum.'] A petrifaction resembling a 
cherry. 

CE-RAS'TES, n. [Gr. Kt^aaTm-] In zoology, the name of 
a serpent, of the genus coluber. 

Ce'RATE, n. [L. ccratum.] A thick kind of ointment, com- 
pt.'sed of wax and oil, with other ingredients. 

Ck'RA-TED, a. [L. ccratus.] Covered with wax. 

CERE, n. The naked skm that covers the base of a hawk's 
bill. 

CERE, V. t. [L. cera.'\ To wax^ or cover with wax. 

t CE-RE-A'LI-OUS, a. Pertaining to corn. Sir. T. Broicn. 

CER'E-BEL, \ n. [L. cerebellum.] The hinder part 

CER-E-BEL'LUM, \ of the head, or the little brain. 

CER'E-BRAL, ) a. [L. cerebrum, the brain.] Pertaining to 

CER'E-BRINE, \ the cerebrum, or brain. 

CeRE'€LOTH, n. [L. cera, and cloth.] A cloth smeared 
with melted wax, or with some gummy or glutinous mat- 
ter. 

CSRE'MENT, n. [L. cera.] Cloths dipped in melted wax, 
with which dead bodies were infolded when embalmed. 

CER-E-Mo'NI-AL, a. 1. Relating to ceremony, or external 
rite ; ritual ; according to the forms of established rites. 
2. Eonnal ; observant of old forms ; exact ; precise in 
manners. Dryden. [In this sense, ceremonious is now 
used.] 

OER-E-Mo'NI-AL, n. 1. Outward form ; external rite, or 
established forms or rites, including all the forms pre- 
scribed ; a system of rules and ceremonies, enjoined by 
law or established by custom, whether in religious wor- 
ship, in social intercourse, or in the courts of princes. 2. 
The order for rites and forms in the Romish church, or 
the book containing the rules prescribed to be observed on 
solemn occasions. 

CER-E-Mo'iVI-AL-LY, adv. In a ceremonial or formal man- 
ner. 

CER-E-BIo'N^-AL-NESS, n. Ceremonial. 

CER-E-Mo'NI-OUS, a I. Consisting of outward fonns and 
rites. [In this sense, cerfiTTiojimns now used.] 2. Full of 
ceremony, or solemn forms. 3. According to the rules and 
forms prescribed or customary ; civil ; formally respectful. 
4. Formal ; according to the rules of civility. 5. Formal; 
exact ; precise ; too observant of forms. 

CER-E-Mo'NI-OUS-LY, adv. In a ceremonious manner j 
formally ; with due forms. 

CER-E-Mo'NI-OUS-NESS, n. The use of customary forms ; 
the practice of too much ceremony ; great formality m 
manners. 

CER'E-MO-NY, n. [L., Sp.,It., Port, cercmonia.] 1. Out- 
ward rite ; external form in religion. 2. Forms of civili- 
ty ; rules established by custom for regulating social inter- 
course. 3. Outward forms of state ; the forms prescribed 
or established by order or custom, serving for the purpose 
of civility or magnificence, as in levees of princes, the 
reception of embassadors, &cc.— Master of ceremonies, an 
officer who superintends the reception of embassadors. A 
pei-son who regulates the forms to be observed by the com- 
i)any or attendants on a public occasion. 

CER E-O-LITE, n. [L. cera, and Gr. \idoi.] A substance 
which in appearance and softness resembles wax ; some- 
Jtimes confounded with steatite. 

CK'RE-OUS, a. [L. cereiLs.] Waxen ; like wax. Oayton. 

OE'RES, 71. 1. In mrjthology, the inventor or goddess of 
corn, or rather the name of corn deified. 2. The name of 
^ a planet disco /ered by M. Piozzi, in 1801. 

Ce'RIN, n. [L. cera.] 1. A peculiar substance which pre- 
cipitates on evaporation, from alcohol, which has been 
digested on grated cork. 2. The part of common wax 
which dissolves m alcohol. 3. A variety of the mineral 
Hllanite. 

CE-RINTH'I-ANS, 71. A sect of heretics, so called from Ce- 
rinthus. 



CK'RITE, ?j. [See Cerium.] 1. The siliceous oxyd of ceri- 
um, a rare mineral, of a pale rose-red color, with a tinge 
of yellow. 2. A fossil shell. 

Ce'RI-UM, 11. A metal recently discovered In Sweden, in 
the mineral cerite. 

CE-ROON', 71. [from the Spanish.] A bale or package 
made of skins. 

Ce'ROTE, 71. The same with cerate. 

CER'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to the cei-rus, or bitter oak. 

CER'RUS, 71. [L.] The bitter oak. 

CER'TAIN, (ser'tin) a. [Fr. certain.] 1. Sure ; true ; un- 
doubted ; unquestionable ; that cannot be denied ; exist- 
ing in fact and truth. 2. Assured in mind ; having no 
doubts ; followed by of, before a noun. 3. Unfailing ; aJ 
ways producing tlie intended effect. 4. Not doub»fuI or 
casual ; really existing. 5. Stated ; fixed ; determinate ; 
regular. 6. Particular. 

t CER'TAIN, 71. Quantity ; part. Chaucer. 

CER'TAIN-LY, ad«. 1. Without doubt or question ; in truth 
and fact. 2. Without failure. 

CER'TAIN-NESS, 71. Certainty, which see. 

CER'TAIN-TY, n. 1. A fixed or real state ; truth ; fact. 
2. Full assurance of mind ,- exemption from doubt. 3. 
Exemption from failure ; as the certainty of an event, or 
of the success of a medicine. 4. Regularity ; settled 
state. 

fCER'TES, acZo. Certainly; in truth ; verily. Chaucer. 

CER-TIF'l-CATE, n. [Fr. certijicut.] 1. A written testi- 
mony not sworn to ; a declaration in writing, signed by 
the party, and intended to verify a fact. 2. A written 
declaration, under the hand or seal, or both, of some pub- 
lic officer, to be used as evidence in a court, or to substan- 
tiate a fact. 

CER-TiF'I-€ATE, v. t. or i. 1. To give a certificate ; to 
lodge a certificate with tlie proper officer, fur the purpose 
of being exempted from the payment of taxes. J\/~cw Eng- 
land. 2. To give a certificate to, acknowledging one to 
be a paiisliioner. Blackstone. 

CER-TI-FI-Ca'TION, 7i. The act of certifying. 

CER'TI-FlED, pp. Assured ; made certain ; informed. 

CER'TI-Fl-ERj n. One who certifies, or assures. 

CER'TI-F^-, V. t. [Fr. certifier.] 1. To testify to in writ- 
ing ; to make a declaration m writing, under hand, or 
hand and seal, to make known or establish a fact. 2. To 
give certain information to, 3. To give certain informa- 
tion of. 

CER'TI-FY-ING, ppr. Giving a written testimony, or cer- 
tificate ; giving certain notice ; making certainly known 

CER-TIO-Ra'RI, 11. [Low L. certioror.] A writ issuing out 
of chancery, or other superior court, to call up the records 
of an inferior court, or remove a cause there depending. 

CER'TI-TUDE, n. [Low L. certitudo.] Certainty ; assur- 
ance ; freedom from doubt. Dryden. 

fCER^ULE, a. [L. cmruleus.] Blue. Dyer. 

CE-Rc'lE-OUS, I ""■ [^- c<='-«'«''^-] Sky-colored ; blue. 

CER-U-LlF'I€, 'a. Producing a blue, or sky-color. 

CE-Ru'MEN, 71. [L. cera.] The wax or yellow matter se- 
creted by the ear. 

*CER'USE, 7?. [Fr. cc»-zt5c.] Wliite-Iead ; a carbonate of 
lead, produced by exposing the metal in thin plates to the 
vapor of vinegar. — Ceruse of antimony is a white oxyd of 
antimony. 

CER USED, a. Washed with a preparation of white-lead. 

CER'VI-€AL, a. [L. cervicalis.] Belonging to the neck 

CERV'IN, ) a. [L. cervinus.] Pertaining to the deer, or to 

CERVINE, ) animals of the genus cervus. 

CE-SA'RE-AN, a. Th© Cesarean operation is the taking of 
a child from the womb by cutting ; an operation, which, 
it is said, gave name to Csesar, the Roman emperor. 

CES-PI-Ti"tlOUS, a. [L. cespes.] Pertaining to turf; 
made of turf. Oougli. 

CES'PI-TOUS, a. Pertaining to turf ; turfy. 

fCESS, as a noun, a rate or tax, and as a verb, to rate or 
lay a tax, is, probably, a corruption of assess, or from the 
same root. Spenser. 

fCESS, V. i. [L. cesso.] To neglect a legal duty. 

JCESS, V. t. To rate. Spenser. 

CES-Sa'TION, 71. [L. cessatio.] 1. A ceasing; a stop; a 
rest ; the act of discontinuing motion or action of any 
kmd, whether temporary or final. 2. A ceasing or sus- 
pension of operation, force or effect. 

CES-Sa'VIT, 71. [L.] In laic, a writ given by statute, to 
recover lands, when the tenant or occupier has ceased for 
two years to perform the service, which constitutes the 
condition of his tenure. 

CES'SER, 71. A ceasing; a neglect to perform services or 
payment for two years. Blackstone. 

CES-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. The act of giving way, or receding 
[Little used.] Digby. 

CES'SI-BLE, a. Giving way ; yielding ; easy to give way. 

CES'SION, n. [L. cessio.] 1. The act of giving way ; a 
yielding to force or impulse. 2. A yielding, or surrender, 
as of property or rights, to another person.-— 3. In the civil 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQgK, DOVE ;-BULL, UNITE.-€ as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



CHA 

law, a voluntary surrender of a person-s effects to his 
creditors, to avoid imprisonment. — 4. In ecclesiastical law, 
the leaving of a benefice without dispensation, or being 
otherwise qualified. 

CES'SION-A-RY, a. Having surrendered effects. 

t CESS'MENT, n. An assessment or tax. 

CES'SOR, n. [L. cesso.'] 1. In law, he that neglects, for 
two years, to perform the service by which he holds lands, 
so that he incurs the danger of the writ of cessavit. 2. 
• An assessor, or taxer. 

CEST, n. A lady's gkdle. Collins. 

CEST'US, n. [L.] The girdle of Venus, or marriage-girdle, 
among the Greeks and Romans. 

CE-SU'RA, ) n. [Ft. cesure ; It. cesura ; L. caisura.] A 

Ce'SURE, \ pause in verse, so introduced as to aid the 
recital, and render the versification more melodious. It 
divides a verse or line into equal or unequal parts. 

CE-SU'RAL, a. Pertaining to the cesure. 

CE-TaCEOUS, a. [L. cete.] Pertainmg to the whale ; be- 
2onging to the whale kind. 

Oe TATE, 71. A compound of cetic acid, with a base. 

CET'E-RA€H, n. A name of a species of aspleniam. 

CE'Tie, a. [L. cetiis.] PeitainJng to the whale. 

Ce'TEV, 71. [L. cetus.] A name given to spermaceti by 

CET-0-L0b'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to cetology. 

CE-T0L'0-6IST, 71. One who is versed in the natural his- 
tory of the whale and its kindred animals. 

CE-T0L'0-6Y, 71. [Gr. ktjtos and \oyos.] The doctrine or 
^latural history of cetaceous animals. 

Ce'TUS, 71. In astronomy, the whale, a lai'ge constellation 
of the southern hemisphere. 

CeY'LAN-iTE, n. [fruiu Ceijlon.] A nuneral, classed with 
the ruby family ; called also pleonaste. 

C FA UT. A note in the scale of music. 

CHAB'A-SIE, )n. [schabasit.] A mijieral which has been 

CHAB'A-SITE, \ regarded as a variety of zeolite. 

CHA-€OON', 71. [Sp. chacona.] A dance like a saraband. 

CHAD, (shad) n. A kmd offish. Carew. 

CHAFE, V. t. [Ft. echauffer.] 1. To excite heat or inflam- 
mation by friction ; also, to fret and wear by rubbing. 2. 
To excite heat in the mind ; to excite passion •, to in- 
flame •, to make angry ; to cause to fret ; to provoke or 
incense 3. To excite violent action ; to cause to rage. 
4. To perfume ; rather, to stimulate, or agitate ; to excite 
by pungent odors. 

CHAFE, c. i. 1. To be excited or heated ; to rage ; to fret ; 
to be in violent action. 2. To act violently upon, by rub- 
bing ; to fret against, as waves against a shore. 3. To be 
fretted and worn by rubbing. 

CHAFE, 7i. 1. Heat excited by friction. 2. Vio!.3nt agita- 
tion of the mind or passions ; heat ; fret ; passion. 

CHaFED, pp. Heated or fretted by rubbing ; worn by fric- 
tion. 

CHaF'ER, 7!. One who chafes. 

CHaF'ER, 71. [Sax, ceafor.] An insect, a species of scara- 
biBUs, or beetle. 

CHa'FER-Y, n. In iron works, a forge. 

CHaFE -WAX, n. In England, an officer belonging to the 
lord chancellor, who fits the wax for the sealing of writs. 

CHaFF, n. [Sax. ceaf.] 1. The husk, or dry calyx of 
com and grasses. 2. Refuse ; worthless matter ; especial- 
ly that which is light, and apt to be driven by the wind. 

CHAF'FER, v. i. [Sax. ceapian.] To treat about a pur- 
chase ; to bargain ; to haggle ; to negotiate ; to chop and 
change. 

t CHAF'FER, V. t. To buy ; to exchange. Spenser. 

t CHAF'FER, 71. Merchandise. Skelton. 

CHAF'FER-ER, n. One who chaffers ; a bargainer ; a buyer. 

CHAF'FERN, n. A vessel for heating water. [Local.] 

t CHAF'FER-Y, n. Trafiick ; buying and sellmg. 

CHAF'FINCH, n. A species of birds, of the genns fringilla. 

CHAFF'LESS, a. Without chaff. Shak. 

CHAFF'-WEED, v. A plant, cud-weed. 

CHaFF'Y, a. Like chaff; full of chaff ; light. 

CHaF'ING, ppr. Heating or fretting by friction. 

CHaFING-DISH, 11. A dish or vessel to hold coals for 
heating any thing set on it ; a portable grate for coals. 

* CHA-GRiN', 71. [Fr. See Shagreek.] Ill-humor ; vex- 
ation ; peevishness ; fretfulness. 

* CHA-GRIN', V. t. [Fr. chagriner.] To excite ill-humor 
in ; to vex ; to mortify. 

* CHA-GRlN'ED, (sha-grlnd') pp. Vexed; fretted; dis- 
pleased. 

CHAIN, 71. [Fr. chaine.] 1. A series of links or rings con- 
nected, or fitted uito one another. 2. That which binds ; 

' that which restrains, confines, or fetters ; a bond. 3. 
Bondage ; afiliction. 4. Bondage ; slaverj'. 5. Orna- 
ment. " 6. A series of things linked together ; a series of 
things connected or following in succession. 7. A range, 
or line of things connected. 8. A series of links, forming 
an instrument to measure laud. P. A string of twisted 
wire, or something similar, to hang a watch on ; and also 
for other purposes. 10. In France, a measure of wood for 



134 



CHA 



fuel, and various commodities, of vaiious length. — 11. In 
ship-building, chains are strong Imks or plates of iron, 
bolted at the lower end to the ship's side. — 12. The warp 
in weaving, as in French. 

Chain-pump This consists of a long chain equipped with a 
sulficient number of valves, moving on two wheels, one 
above, the other below, passing downward through a 
wooden tube, and returning through another. — Chain- 
shot, two balls connected by a chain, and used to cut 
down masts, or cut away slu-ouds and rigging. — Chain- 
wales of a ship, broad and thick planks projecting 
from a ship's side, abreast of and behind the masts, for 
the purpose of extending the shrouds. — Chain-work, work 
consisting of threads, cords, and the like, linked together 
in the form of a chain. 

CHAIN^, V. t. 1. To fasten, bind, or coimect with a chain , 
to fasten or bind with any thing in the manner of a chain. 
2. To enslave ; to keep in siaveiy. 3. To guard with a 
chain, as a harbor or passage. 4. To unite; to form 
chain-work. 

CHAINED, pp. Hade fast, or bound by a chain ; connected 
by a chain ; bound ; enslaved. 

CHAINING, ppr. Binding ; fastening, or connecting with 
a cliam ; binding, or attaching to ; enslaving. 

CHAIR, n. [Fr. chaire.] 1. A movable seat ; a frame with 
a bottom, made of different materials, used for persons to 
sit in ; originally, a stool. -2. A seat of justice or of au- 
thority. 3. A seat for a professor, or his office. 4. The 
seat for a speaker or presiding officer of a pubhc council or 
assembly ; as, the speaker's chair. 5. A sedan ; a vehi- 
cle on poles, borne by men. 6. A pulpit. 7. A two- 
wheeled carriage, drawn by one horse ; a gig. 8. Su- 
preme office or magistracy. Belknap. — Curule chair, an 
ivory seat placed on a car, used by the prime magistrates 
of Rome. 

CHAIR'-MAN, n. 1. The presiding officer or speaker of an 
assembly, association, or company, particularly of a legis- 
lative house ; also, the president or senior member of a 

_ cojnmittee. 2. One whose business is to carry a chair. 

CHaISE, n. [Fr. chaise.'] A two-wheeled carnage, drawn 
by one horse ; a gig. It is open or covered. 

CHAL-CE-DON'ie, a. Pertainmg to chalcedonv. 

€HAL'CE-DO-NY, n. [from Chalcedon.] A subspecies of 
quartz, a mineral called also johite avate, used in jewehy. 

€HAL'CE-DO-NYX, n. A variety of agate. 

CHAL'ClTE, 7?. [Gr. xo-'><'(os.] Sulphate of iron, of a red 
color, so far calcmed as to have lost a considerable part of 
its acid. 

CHAL-€OG'RA-PHER, ti. An engraver in brass. 

€HAL-€OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. ;^;aAKoj and ypa0w.] The act 
or art of engraving in brass. 

CHAL-Da'I€, a. Pertaining to Chaldea. 

€HAL-Da'I€, n. The language or dialect of the Chaldeans, 

CHAL'DA-ISM, n. An idiom or peculiarity In the Chaldee 
dialect. 

CUAL-De'AN, n. An inhabitant of Chaldea. 

CHAL'DEE, a. Pertaining to Chaldea. 

CHAL'DEE, n. The language or dialect of the Chaldeans. 

^rwiT miTT?" ' ^"- [Fr- chaudron.] A measure of coals, 
* CHAU'DRON, ) consisting of 36 bushels. 

* CHAL'iCE, 71. [Fr, calice.] A cup or bowl ; usually^ a 
communion cup. 

* CHAL'iCED, a. Having a cell or cup,'' 

CHALK, (chawk) n. [Sax, cealc] A well known calcari- 
ous earth, of an opake-white color, soft, and admitting no 
poUsh. — Black-chalk is a species of earth used by painters 
for drawing on blue paper. — Red-chalk is an indurated 
clayey ochre, used by painters and artificers. 

CHALK, V. t. 1. To rub with chalk ; to mark with chalk 
2.' "To manure with chalk, as land. 3. From the use of 
chalk in marking fines, the phrase to chalk out is used to 
signify to lay out, draw out, or describe. 

CHALK'-CUT-TER, n. A man that digs chalk. 

CHALK'I-NESS, (chawk'e-nes) n. The state of bemg 
chalky. 

CHALK'-PIT, n. A pit in which chalk is dug. 

CHALK '-STONE, n. 1. In medicine, a calcarious concre 
tidn in the hands and feet of men violently affected by 
the gout. 2. A small lump of chalk. 

CHALK'Y, (chawk'y) a. 1. Resembling chalk, 2. White 
with chalk ; consisting of chalk. 3. Impregnated with 
chalk. 

CHAL'LENGE, ti. [Norm, calengc.] l.'A calling upon 
one to fight in single combat ; an invitation or summons 
to decide a controversy by a duel. 2. A claim or demand 
made of a right or supposed right. — 3. Among kimteis, 
the opening and crying of hounds at first finding the scent 
of their game. — 4. In law, an exception to jurors ; the 
claim of a party that certain jurors shall not sit in trial 
upon him or his cause. 

CHAL'LENGE, v. t. 1. To call, invite or summon to an- 
swer for an offense by single combat, or duel. 2. To call 
to a contest ; to invite to a trial. 3. To accuse ; to call to 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, JIARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. 



CMA 



135 



CHA 



answer. 4. To claim as due ; to demand as a right.— 5. Tn 
law, to call off a juror, or jurore ; or to demand that jurors 
shall not sit iu trial upon a cause. 6. To call to the per- 
formance of conditions. 

CHAL'LEN6E-A-BLE, a. That may be challenged ; that 
may be called to account. 

CIIAL'LEN6ED, 'pp. Called to combat or to contest ; 
claimed ; demanded as due ; called from a jury. 

CIIAL'LEJN'e-ER, n. One who challenges; one who in- 
vites to a single combat ; one who claims superiority ; one 
who calls a juror, or a jury, from the trial of his cause. 

CHAL'LEN6-ING, ppr. Summoning to a duel, or to con- 
test ; claiming as a right ; defying ; calling off from a 

jury- 

eilA-LYB'E-AN, a. Pertaining to steel well tempered. 

€HA-LYB'E-ATE, a. [L. chaLybs.] Impregnated with par- 
ticles of iron. 

€I1A-LYB'E-ATE, n. Any water or other liquor into which 
iron enters. 

€HAM, n. The sovereign prince of Tartary . Usually writ- 

_ ten khan. 

CHA-MaDE', n. [Fr.] In war, the beat of a dmm', or sound 
of a trumpet, inviting an enemy to a parley. 

CMaM'BEK,, n. [Fr. chambre.] 1. An apartment in an 
upper story, or m a story above the lower floor of a dwell- 
ing-house ; often used as a lodging-room. 2. Any retired 
room •, any private apartment. 3. Any retired place. 4. 
A hollow or cavity. 5. A place where an assembly 
meets, and the assembly itself. — 6. In viilitary affairs, 
the chamber of a mortar is tliat part of tlie chase where 
the powder lies. 7. A powder-chamber, oi bomb-chamber, 
■a place under ground for holding powder and bombs, 
where they may be safe and secured from rains. 8. The 
chamber of a mine, a place, generally of a cubical form, 
where the powder is confined. 9. A species of ordnance. 
10. The clouds. Ps. civ. 11. Certain southern constel- 
lations which are hid from us. — Chamber-council, a private 
or secret council. Shak. — Chamber-counsel, a counselor 
who gives his opinion in a private apartment, but does not 
advocate causes in court. 

CHaM'BER, v. i. 1. To reside in or occupy as a chamber. 
2. To be wanton ; to indulge in lewd or immodest be- 
havior. 

CHaM'BER, v. t. To shut up as in a chamber. Shak. 

CHaM'BER-ER, 71. One who intrigues, or indulges in wan- 
tonness. 

CHaM'BER-FEL Low, n. One who sleeps in the same 
ajjartment. Spectator. 

CHaM'BER-HANG'ING, n. Tapestry or hangings for a 
chamber. 

CHaM'BER-ING, 71. Wanton, lewd, immodest behavior. 

CHaM'BEII-LAJN, n. [Fr. chambcllan.] 1. An officer 
charged with the direction and management of a cham- 
ber, or of chambers. The Lord Chamberlain of Great 
Britain is the sixth officer of tlie crown. 2. A servant 
who has the care of the chambers in an inn or hotel. 

CHaM'BER LAIN-SHIP, n. The office of a chamberlain. 

CHaM'BER-LYE, n. Urine. 

CHaM'BER-MAID, n. A woman who has the care of 
chambers, making the beds and cleaning the rooms, or 
wjio dresses a Lady, and waits upon her in her apartment. 

CHaM'BER-POT, n. A vessel used in bed-rooms. 

CHAM'BER-PRAe'TICB, n. The practice of counselors at 
law, who give their opinions in private, but do not appear 
in court. 

tCHAM'BLET, v. t. To vary •, to variegate. 

CHAM'BREL, n. The joint or bending of the upper part 
of a horse's hind leg. In JVew England pronounced gam- 
brel, which see. 

€HA-Mk'LE-ON, M. VL. chamaleon.] An animal of the ge- 
nus lacerta, or lizard, with a naked body, a tail, and four 
feet. 

€HA-Mk'LE-ON-iZE, v. t. To change into various colors. 

CHAM'FER, v. t. 1. To channel ; to cut a furrow, as in a 
column, or to cut into a sloping form. 2. To wrinkle. 
Skak. 

CH AM'FER, or CHAM'FRET, n. A small gutter or furrow 
cut in wood or other hard material ; a slope. 

CHAM'FERED, pp. Cut into furrows, or cut sloping. 
CflAM'FER-ING, j)2«'' Cutting a gutter in; cutting in a 

slope. 
€H AM'ITE, n. Fossil remains of the chama, a shell. 
CHAM'LET. See Camlet. 

* CHAM'OIS, (sham'me) n. [Fr.] An animal of the goat 
kind, whose skin is made into soft leather, called shanp- 
mij. 
€HAM'0-MiLE. See Camomile. 

CHAMP, V. t. [Fr. champayer.] 1. To bite with repeated 
action of the teeth. 2. To bite into small pieces ; to chew ; 
to masticate ; to devour. 
CHAMP, V. i. To chew ; to perform the action of biting by 
_ repeated motion of the teeth. 

CHAM-PaGNE', ) n. A kind of brisk, sparkling wine, 
CHAM-PaNE', S from Champagne, in France. 



*eHAMlpAINs'' I "• ^ ^*^' °P®" country, Milton. 

CHAM-PAIN', n. In heraldry, champain, or point champain, 
is a mark of dishonor in the coat of arms of him who has 
killed a prisoner of war after he has asked for quarter. 

CHAMPED, pp. Bitten ; chewed. 

CHAMP'ER, n. One that champs or bites. 

CHAM'PER-TOR, u. In law, one who is guilty of cham- 
perty. 

CHAM'PER-TY, n. [Fr. champart.] A species of mainte- 
nance, being a bargain with a plaintiff or defendant, to 
divide the land, or other matter in suit, between them, if 
they prevail ; whereupon the champertor is to carry on 

_ the party's suit at his own expense. 

CHAM-PIGN'ON, (sham-pin'yon) n. [Fr ] A kind of mush- 
room. 

CHAMP'ING, ppr Biting with repeated action. 

CHAM'PI-ON, n. [Fr. champion.] 1. A man who under- 
takes a combat in the place or cause of another, 2. A 
man who fights in his own cause in a duel. 3. A hero ; 
a brave warrior. Hence, one who is bold in contest. 

CHAM'PI-ON, V. t. To challenge to a combat. 

CHAM'Pl-ON-ESS, n. A female champion. 

CHANCE, 71. [Fr. chance.] 1. An eve'U that happens, falls 
out, or takes place, without being contrived, intended, ex- 
pected, or foreseen ; the effect of an unknown cause ; ac- 
cident ; casualty ; fortuitous event. 2. Fortune ; what for- 
tune may bring. 3. An event, good or evil ; success or mis 
fortune ; luck. 4. Possibility of an occurrence ; opportunity. 

CHANCE, V. i. To happen ; to fall out ; to come or arrive 
without design, or expectation. 

CHANCE, a. Happening by chance ; casual. 

CHANCE'A-BLE, a. Accidental ; casual ; fortuitous. 

CHANCE'-CoM-ER, n. One who comes unexpectedly. 

CHANCE'FyL, a. Hazardous. Spenser. 

CHANCE'-MED-LEY, n. In law, the killing of a person by 
chance, when the killer is doing a lawful act ; for if he is 
doing an unlawful act it is felony. 

CHAN'CEL, n. [Fr. chancel, or chanceau.] That part of 
the choir of a church between the altar or communion 
table and the balustrade or railing that incloses it, or that 
part where the altar is placed. 

CHAN'CEL-LOR, n. [Fr. chancclier.] Originally, a chief 
notary or scribe, under the Roman emperors ; but in Eng- 
land, in later times, an officer invested with judicial pow- 
ers, and particularly with tlie superintendence of all char- 
ters, letters, and other official writings of the crown, that 
required to be solemnly authenticated. Hence, this offi- 
cer became the keeper of the great seal. — The Lord High 
Chancellor of Great Britain, or Keeper of the Great Seal, 
is the higiiest othcer of the crown, arid keeper of the 
king's conscience. — Chancellor of an Ecclesiastical Court 
is the bishop's lawyer, to direct the bishop in causes of 
the church. — Chancellor of a Cathedral is an officer who 
hears lessons and lectures in the cliurch, inspects schools, 
&c. — Chancellor of the Exchequer is an officer who pre- 
sides in that court, takes care of the interest of the crown, 
and has great authority in managing the royal revenues. — 
Chancellor of a University is an officer who seals the di- 
plomas, or letters of degree, &c., and is the chief magis- 
trate in the government. — Chancellor of the Order of the 
Garter, and other military orders, is an officer who seals 
the commissions and mandates of the chapter. — In France, 
a secretary is, in some cases, called a charicellor. — In the 
United States, a chancellor is the judge of a court of chan- 
cery or equity, established by statute. 

CHAN'CEL-LOR-SHIP, n. The office of a chancellor ; the 
time during which one is chancellor. 

CHAN'CE-RY, n. [Fr. chancellerie.] 1. In Great Britain, 
the highest court of j ustice, next to the parliament. — 2 In 
_ the United States, a court of equity. 

CHAN'CRE, n. [Fr. chancre.] A venereal ulcer. 

CHAN'CROUS, a. Ulcerous ; having the qualities of a 
chancre. 

CHAN-DE-LIER', n. [Fr.] 1. A frame with branches to 
hold a number of candles, to illuminate a public or large 
room. — 2. In fortification, a movable parapet, serving to 
support fascines to cover pioneers. 

CHAND'LER, n. An artisan whose trade is to make can- 
dles, or one who sells candles. 

CHAND'LER-LY, a. Like a chandler. Milton. 

CHAND'LER-Y, n. The commodities sold by a chandler. 

CHAND'RY, n. The place where candles are kept, 

CHANGE, V. t. [Fr. changer.] 1. To cause to turn or pass 
from one state to another ; to alter or make different ; to 
vary in external form or in essence. 2. To put one thing in 
the place of another ; to shift. 3. To quit one thing or state 
for another. 4. To give and take reciprocal y. 5. To bar- 
ter ; to exchange goods. 6. To quit, as ore place for an- 
other. 7. To give one kind of money for another. 8. To 
become acid or tainted ; to turn from a natural state of 
sweetness and purity. 
CHANGE, V. i. I. To be altered ; to undergo variation , 
3. To pass the sun, as the moon in its orbit. 



♦ See Synopsis MOVE BOQK, D6VE -,— BJJLL, UNITE— 6 aaK;GasJ;SasZjCHasSHjTHasin this, f OlmlcU. 



CHA 



136 



CHA 



CilAN6E, n. 1. Any variation or alteration in form, state, 
quality, or essence ; or a passing from one state or form 
to another. 2. A succession of one thing in the place of 
another; vicissitude. 3. A revolution. 4. A passing by 
the sun, and the beginning of a new montlily revolution. 
5. A different state by removal ; novelty ; variety. 6. 
Alteration in the order of ringing bells ; variety of sounds. 
7. That which makes a variety, or may be substituted for 
another. 8. Small coins of money, which may be given 
for larger pieces. 9. The balance of money paid beyond 
the price of goods purchased. 10. The dissolution of the 
body; death. — 11. Change, for exchange, a place where 
merchants and others meet to transact business ; a build- 
ing appropriated for mercantile transactions. — 12. In 
i arjthmetic, permatation; variation of numbers. 

CHaN6E-A-BIL'I-TY, n. Changeableness, which is gener- 
ally used, Fleming. 

CHaN6E'A-BLE, a. 1. That may change; subject to al- 
teration ; fickle ; inconstant ; mutable ; variable. 2. 
Having the quality of suffering edteration of external ap- 
pearance 

CHaNGE'A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The quality of bemg change- 
able ; fickleness ; inconstancy ; instability ; mutability. 
2. Susceptibility of change, or alteration. 

CHaN6E'A-BLY, adv. Inconstantly. 

CHANGED, pp. Altered ; varied ; turned ; converted ; 
shifted. 

CHaN6E'FTJL, a. Full of change ; inconstant ; mutable ; 
fickle ; uncertain ^ subject to alteration. 

CHaN6E'LESS, a. 'Constant ; not admitting alteration. 

CHaN6;E'LING, n. 1. A child left or taken in the place of 
another. 2. An idiot ; a fool. Locke. 3. One apt to 
change ; a waverer. 4. Any thing changed and put in 
the place of another. Shak. 

CHaN6'ER, n. 1. One who alters the form of any thing 
2. One that is employed in changing and discounting 
money ; a money-changer. 3. One given to change. 

CHaNG'ING, ppr. Altering ; turning ; putting one thing 
for another ; shifting. 

CHAN'NA, 71. A fish taken in the Mediterranean. 

CHAN'NEL, n. [Ir. cainneal ; Fr. canaL] 1. A passage ; 
a place of passing or flowing ; a water-course. 2. The 
place where a river flows. 3. The deeper part of a strait, 
bay, or harbor, where the principal current flows. 4. 
That through which any thing passes ; means of passing, 
conveying, or transmitting. 5. A gutter or furrow in a 
column. 6. An arm of the sea ; a strait or narrow sea, 
between two continents, or between a continent and an 
isle. 7. Channels of a. ship; see Chain-waives. 

CHAN'NEL, V. t. To form a channel ; to cut channels in ; 
to groove. 

CHAN'NELED, pp. Having channels ; grooved longitu- 
dinally. 

CHAN'NEL-ING, ppr. Cutting channels ; grooving longi- 
tudinally. 

CHAN'SON, 71. [Fr.] A song. Shak. 

CHANT, V. t. [Fr. chanter.] 1. To sing ; to utter a melo- 
dious voice. 2. To celebrate in song. 3. To sing, as in 
church-service ; to repeat words in a kind of canting 
voice, with modulations. 

CHANT, V. i. 1. To sing ; to make melody with the voice. 
2. To repeat words in the church-service with a kind of 
singing. 

CHANT, n. Song ; melody ; church-service. 

CHANT'ED, pp. Sung ; uttered with modulations of voice. 

CHANT'ER, 71. 1. One who chants ; a singer or songster. 
2. The chief singer, or priest of the chantry. 3. The pipe 
which sounds the tenor or treble in a bag-pipe. 

CHANT'I-CLEER, n. {chant and clear, Fr. clair.'] A cock, 
so called from the clearness or loudness of his voice in 
crowing. 

CHANT'ING, ppr. Singing ; uttering a melodious voice ; 
repeating words with a singing voice. 

CHANT'ING, 11. The act of singing, or uttering with a song. 

CHANT'RESS, n. A female singer. Milton. 

CHANT'RY, 71. [Fr. chantrerie.] A church or chapel en- 
dowed with revenue, for priests daily to sing or say mass 
for the souls of the donors. 

CHa'OS, n. [L. chaos ] 1. That confusion, or confused 
mass, in which matter is supposed to have existed before 
it was reduced to order by the creating power of God. 2. 
Any mixed mass, vvithout due form or order. 3. Confu- 
sion ; disorder ; a state in which the parts are undistin- 
guished. 

CHA-OT I€, a. Resembling chaos ; confused. 

CHAP, {sometimes pronounced chop) v. t. To cleave, split, 
crack, or open longitudinally, as the surface of the earth, 
or the skin and flesh of the hand. 

CHAP, V. i. To crack ; to open in long slits. 

CHAP, n. A longitudinal cleft, gap, or chink, as in the sur- 
face of the earth, or in the hands or feet. 

CHAP, 71. [Sax. ceafl.] The upper and lower part of the 
mouth ; the jaw. It ia applied to beasts, and, vulgarly, 
to men ; generally in the plural, the chaps, or mouth. 



CHAP, 71. A man or a boy ; a youth. It is used also in the 
sense of a buyer. " If you want to sell, here is your 
chap." In this sense it coincides with chapman. [See 
Cheap.] Steele. 

t CHAP, V. i. [Sax. ceapian.] To cheapen. 

CHAP'BOOK, 71. A small book or pamphlet, carried about 
for sale' by hawkers. 

CHAPE, n. [Fr. chape.] 1. The catch of any thing, as the 
hook of a scabbard, or the catch of a buckle, by which it 
is held to the back strap. 2. A brass or silver tip or case, 

_ that strengthens the end of a scabbard. 

CHAP'EAU, (shap'po) n. [Fr.] A hat ; in heraldry, a cap, 
or bonnet. 

CHAP'EL, 71. [Fr. chapelle.] 1. A house for public wor- 
ship ; primarily, a private oratory, or house of worship be- 
longing to a private person. In Great Britain, parochial 
chapels are distinct from the mother church ; chapels uf 
ease, built in large parishes for the accommodation of the 
inhabitants. 2. A printer's workhouse. 

CHAP'EL, V. t. To deposit in a chapel. Beaumont. 

CHAPE'LESS,'a. Without a chape. 

CHAP'EL-ET, or CHAP'LET, n. [Fr. chapelct.] A pair of 
stirrup leathers, with stirrups. 

CHAP'EL-LA-NY, n. A place founded within some church, 
and dependent thereon. Ayliffe. 

CHAP'EL-LING, n. The act of turnmg a ship round in a 
light breeze of wind, when close hauled. 

CHAP'EL-RY, 71. The bounds or jurisdiction of a chapel. 

* CHAP'E-RON, 71. [Fr.] A hood or cap worn by the knights 
of the garter in their habits. 

* CHAP'E-RON, V, t. To attend on a lady in a public assem.- 
bly. Todd. 

CHAP'-F ALL-EN, a. Having the lower chap depressed ; 
hence, dejected ; dispirited ; silenced. 

CHAP'I-TER, 71. [Fr. chapiteau.'] I. The upper part or 
capital of a column or pillar ; a word used in the Scrip- 
tiues. 2. Tliat which is delivered by the mouth of tlie 
justice in his charge to the inquest. 

CHAP'LAIN, 71. [Fr. chapelain.] 1. An ecclesiastic who 
has a chapel, or who performs service in a chapel. 2. A 
clergyman who belongs to a ship of war, or to a regiment 
of land forces, for performing divine service. 3. A cler- 
gyman who is retained to perform divine service in a 
family, 

CHAP'LAIN-CY, n. The oflice or station of a chaplain. 

CHAP'LAIN-SHIP, n. 1. The office or business of a chap- 
lain. 2. The possession or revenue of a chapel. 

CHAP'LESS, a. Without any flesh about the mouth. Shak. 

CHAP'LET, 71. [Fr. chapelet.] 1. A garland or wreath to 
be worn on the head ; the circle of a crown. 2. A string of 
beads used by the Roman Catholics, by which they count 
the number of their prayers. — 3. In architecture, a little 
molding, carved into round beads, pearls, olives, or the 
like. — 4. In horsemanship, a chapelet, which see. 5. A 
tuft of feathers on a peacock's head. 6. A small chapel 
or shrine. 

CHAP'MAN, n. ; plu. Chapmen. [Sax. ceapman.] 1. A 
cheapener ; one that offers as a purch2iser. 2. A seller ; a 
market-man. 

CHAPPED, pp. Cleft ; opened, as the surface or skin. 

CHAP'PING, ppr. Cleaving, as the surface or skin 

CHAP'PY, a. Full of chaps ; cleft. 

CHAPS, 71. The mouth or jaws. See Chap. 

CHAPT. See Chapped. 

CHAP'TER, 71. [Fr. chapitre.] 1. A division of a book or 
treatise. — 2. In ecclesiastical polity, a society or commu- 
nity of clergymen, belonging to a cathedral or collegiate 
church. 3. A place where delinquents receive discipline 
and correction. 4. A decretal epistle. 

CHAP'TER, V. t. To tax ; to correct. Dryden. 

CHAP'TER-HOUSE, n. A house where a chapter meets. 

CHAP'TREL, n. The capitals of pillars and pilasters, which 
support arches, called imposts. 

CHAR, 71. A fish. 

CHAR, 71. In England, work done by the day ; a single job 
or task. — In JVew England, it is pronounced chore, which 
see. 

CHaR, v. t. To perform a business. May. 

CHaR, v. i. To work at others' houses by the day, without 
being a hired servant ; to do small jobs. 

CHaR'-W6M-AN, 71. A woman hired for odd work, or for 
single days. 

CHAR, V. t. [Russ. jaryu, or chariju.] 1. To hum or le- 
duce to coal or carbon. 2. To expel all volatile matter 
from stone or earth by lieat. 

tCHAR'ACT, orjCHAR'ECT, 71. An inscription. Skelton. 

CHAR'A€-TER, n. [L. character; Fr. caractere.] 1. A 
mark made by cutting or engraving ; a mark or figure 
made with a pen or style ; a letter or figure used to form 
words, and communicate ideas. 2. A mark or figure 
made by stamping or impression, as on coins. 3. The 
manner of writing ; the peculiar form of letters used by a 
particular person. 4. The peculiar qualities, impressed 
by nature or habit on a person, which distinguish him 



* Sea Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tJ, 1?, long.—FKR, F^LL, WHA.T ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



CHA 



137 



CHA 



from others 5. An account, description or representation 
of any thing, exhibiting its qualities and the circum- 
stances attending it. 6. A person. 7. By way of emi- 
nence^ distinguished or good qualities ; those which are 
esteemed and respected ; and those which are ascribed to 
a person in common estimation. 8. Adventitious quali- 
ties impressed by olfice, or station ; the qualities that, in 
public estimation, belong to a person in a particular sta- 
tion. — 9. In natural history, the peculiar discriminating 
qualities or properties of animals, plants and minerals. 

eHAR'A€-TER, v. t. 1. To engrave ; to inscribe. 2. To 
describe ; to distinguish by particular marks or traits. 

eHAR'A€-TERED, pp. Engraved j inscribed ; distinguish- 
ed by a particular character. 

CHAR'A€-TER-ISM, n. 1. The distinction of character. 
2 A particular aspect or configuration of the heavens. 

€HAR-Ae-TER-IS'Tie, or €HAR-A€-TER-IS'TI-€AL, 
a. [Gr. X''''-9'^'^''"'^9'^'^''''-'^'^^-'\ That constitutes the character ; 
that marks the peculiar, distinctive qualities of a person 
or thing. 

<:HAR-A€-TER-IS'TI€, n. 1. That which constitutes a 
character ; that which characterizes 5 tliat which distin 
guishes a person or thing from another. — 2. In grammar^ 
the principal letter of a word, which is preserved m most 
of its tenses, in its derivatives and compounds. 

€"HAR-A€-TER-IS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. In a manner that 
distinguishes character. 

€HAR-A€-TER-IS'TI-€AL-NESS, n. The state or quali- 
ties of being characteristic. 

€HAR'A€-TER-IZE, v. t. [Gr. xapaKrTjpj^w.] 1. To give a 
character, or an account of the personal qualities of a 
man ; to describe by peculiar qualities. 2. To distin- 
guish ; to mark, or express the character j to exhibit the 
peculiar qualities of a person or thing. 3. To engrave or 
imprint. {Little used.] 4. To mark with a peculiar 
stamp, or figure. 

€HAR'A€-TER-IZED, pp. Described or distinguished by 
peculiar qualities. 

€HAR'A€-TER-iZ-ING, ppr. Describing or distinguishing 
by peculiar qualities. 

eHAR'A€-TER-LESS, a. Destitute of any peculiar char- 
acter. 

t €HAR^A€-TER-Y, n. Impression ; mark ; distinction. 

CHA-RaDE', n. [Fr.] A composition in which the subject 
must be a word of two syllables, each forming a distinct 
word ; and tjiese syllables are to be concealed in an enig- 
matical description, fix-st separately and then together. 

CHA.R'€oAL, n. \char and coal.'] Coal made by charring 
wood. 

CHARD, 71. [Fr. charde.] The leaves of artichokes tied and 
wrapped all over, except the top, in straw, during autumn 
and winter. 

CHARGE, V. t. [Fr. cAar^er.] 1. To rush on ; to fall on ; 
to attack, especially with fixed bayonets. 2. To load, as 
a musket or cannon ; to thrust in powder, or powder and 
ball or shot. 3. To load or burden ; to throw on or im- 
pose that which oppresses . 4. To set or lay on 5 to im- 
pose, as a tax. 5. To lay on or impose, as a task. 6. To 
put or lay on ; as, to charge a building with oi-naments, 
often implying superfluity. 7. To lay on, as a duty ; 
followed by with. 8. To intrust to •,. as, an officer is 
charged with dispatches. 9. To set to, as a debt ; to place 
on the debit side of an account. 10. To load or lay on, in 
words, something wrong, reproachful or criminal j to im- 
pute to. 11. To lay on in words ; to impute to. 12. To 
censure •, to accuse. 13. To lay on, give or communicate, 
as an order, command or earnest request ; to enjoin ; to 
exhort. 14. To give directions to ; to instruct authorita- 
tively. 15. To communicate electrical matter to, as to a 
coated vial, or an electrical battery. 

CHARGE, v.i. To make an onset. 

CHARGE, 71. [Fr. charge.] 1. That which is laid on or in. 

2. The quantity of powder, or of powder and ball or shot, 
used to load a musket, cannon or other like instrument. 

3. An onset 5 a rushing on an enemy ; attack. 4. An 
order, injunction, mandate, command. 5. That which is 
enjoined, committed, intrusted or delivered to another, 
implying care, custody, oversight, or duly to be performed 
by the person entrusted. 6. The person or thing commit- 
ted to another's custody, care or management ; a trust. 
7. Instructions given by a judge to a jury, or by a bishop 
to his clergy. 8. Imputation in a bad sense ; accusation. 
9. That which constitutes debt, in commercial transac- 
tions •, an entry of money or the price of goods, on the 
debit side of an account. 10. Cost ; expense. 11. Impo- 
sition on land or estate •, rent, tax, or whatever constitutes 
a burden or duty.— 12. In military affairs, a signal to at- 
tack. 13. The posture of a weapon fitted for an attack or 
combat.— 14. Among /arriers, a preparation of the consist- 
ence of a thick decoction, or between an ointment and a 
plaster, used as a remedy for sprains and inflammations.— 
15. In heraldry, that which is borne upon the color ; or 
the figures represented on the escutcheon, by which the 



bearers are distinguished from one another.— 16. In elec- 
trical experiments, a quantity of electrical fluid, commu- 
nicated to a coated jai", vial or pane of glass. — A charge of 
lead is thirty-six pigs, each containing six stone, wanting 
two pounds. 

CHARGE' A-BLE, a. 1. That may be charged , that may 
be set, laid, imposed. 2. Subject to be charged. 3. Ex- 
pensive ; costly. 4. Laying or bringing expense 5. Im- 
putable ; that may be laid or attributed as a crime, fault or 
debt. 6. Subject to be charged or accused. 

CHARGE'A-BLE-NESS, n. Expensiveness ; cost ; costli- 
ness. Boyle 

CHARGE' A-BLY, adv. Expensively ; at great cost. 

CHARGED, pp. Loaded ; burdened ; attacked ; laid on , 
instructed 5 imputed ; accused ; placed to the debt ; or- 
dered ; commanded. 

t CHARGE'FUL, a. Expensive ; costly. Shak 

CHARGE'LESS, a. Not expensive ; free from expense. 

CHARG'ER. 71. 1. In Scots law, one who charges another 
in a suit. ' 2. A large dish. JVum. vii. 3. A horse used 
for attack. 

CHARG'ING, ppr. Loading ; attacking ; laying on ; in- 
structing ; commanding ; accusing -, imputing. 

CHa'RI-LY, adv. Carefully ; warily ; frugally. [Little 
used.] Shak. 

CHa'RI-NESS, n. Caution ; care ; nicety 5 scrupulousness. 
[Little used.] Shak. 

CHAR'I-OT, 71. [Fr. chariot.] 1. A half coach; a carriage 
with four wheels and one seat behind, used for conven- 
ience and pleasure. 2. A car or vehicle used formerly in 
war, drawn by two or more horses. 

CHAR'I-OT, V. t. To convey in a chariot. Milton. 

CHAR'I-OT-ED, pp. Borne in a chariot. Cowper. 

CHAR-I-OT-EER', n. The person who drives or conducts 
a chariot. 

CHAR'I-OT-MAN, n. The driver of a chariot. 

CHAR'I-OT-RACE, 71. A race with chariots ; a sport in 
which chariots were driven in contest for a prize. 

CHAR'I-TA-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Benevolent and kind. 2. 
Liberal in benefactions to the poor, and in relieving them 
in distress. 3. Pertaining to charity ; springhig from 
charity, or intended for charity ; benevolent. 4. Formed 
on charitable principles ; favorable ; dictated by kindness. 

CHAR'I-TA-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The disposition to be char- 
itable ; or the exercise of charity. 2. Liberality to the 
poor. 

CHAR'I-T A-BLY, adv. Kindly ; liberally ; benevolently ; 
with a disposition to help tlie poor 5 favorably. 

t CHAR'I-TA-TlVE, a. Disposed to tenderness. 

CHAR'I-TY, n. [Fr. charite ; lu.charitas.] 1. In a. general 
sense, love, benevolence, good will •, tliat disposition of 
heart which inclines men to think favorably of their fel- 
low men, and to do them good. In a theological seiisc, it 
includes supreme love to God, and universal good will to 
men. 2. In a more particular sense, love, kindness, af- 
fection, tenderness, springing from natural relations. 3. 
liiberality to the poor, consisting in alms-giving or bene- 
factions, or in gratuitous services to relieve them in dis- 
tress. 4. Alms ; whatever is bestowed gratuitously on 
the poor for their relief. 5. Liberality in gifts and ser- 
vices to proniote public object.^ of utility, as to found and 
support Bible societies, missionary societies,- and others. 
6. Candor ; liberality in judging of men and their actions ; 
a disposition which inclines men to think and judge fa- 
vorably, and to put the best construction on words and 
actions which the case will admit. 7. Any act of kind- 
ness, or benevolence. 8. A charitable institution. — Char- 
ity-school is a school maintained by voluntary contribu- 
tions for educating poor children. 

t-CHARK, V. t. To burn to a coal ; to char. See Char. 

CHAR'LA-TAN, n. [Fr.] One who prates much in his 
own favor, and makes unwarrantable pretensions to skill ; 
a quack •, an empiric ; a mountebank. 

CHAR-LA-TAN'I-CAL, a. Quackish ; making undue pre- 

_ tensions to skill ; ignorant. Cowley. 

CHAR'LA-TAN-RY, n. Undue pretensions to skill ; quack- 
ery ; wheedling ; deception by fair words. 

CHARLES'S-WAIN, n. In astronomy, seven stars in the 
constellation called ursa major, 

CHAR'LOCK, n. [Sax. cerlice.] The English name of the 
raphanus raphanistrum and sinapis arvensis, very perm 
Clous weeds among grain. 

CHARM, n. [Fr. charme.] 1. Words, characters or oMier 
things, imagined to possess some occult or unintehigihle 
power ; spell ; enchantment. 2. That which has power 
to subdue opposition, and gain the affections ; that which 
can please UTesistibly ; that which delights and attracts 
the heart. 

CHARM, V. t. 1. To subdue or control by incantation or 
secret influence. 2. To subdue by secret power, espe- 
cially by that which pleases and delights the mind ; to 
allay, or appease. 3. To give exquisite pleasure to the 
mind or senses ; to delight. 4. To fortify with charms 
against evil. [J^ot in use.] 5. To make powerful by 



* Set Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, DOVE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



CHA 



J^ 



CHE 



cliatme. 6. To Bummon by incantation. 7. To temper 

agreeatjly. 
CHARM, V. L To sound harmonically. Milton 
CHAR'MA, 71. A fish resembling the sea-wolf. 
CHARJMED, -pp. Subdued by charms ; delighted , enchant- 
ed. 
CHARM'ER, n. 1. One that charms, or has power to 

charm ; one that uses or has tlie power of enchantment. 

2. One who delights and attracts the aflections. 
CHARM'ER-ESS, n. An enchantress. Chaucer. 
CHARM'FJJL, a. Abounding with charms. Cowley. 
CHARM'IJsG, ppr. 1. Using charms ; enchanting. 2, a. 

Pleasing in the highest degree ; delighting. 
CHARM'ING-LY, adv. Delightfully; in a manner to charm, 

or to give delight. 
CHARM IXG-NESS, n. The power to please. 
CHARMLESS, a. Destitute of charms. Swift. 
CHAR'iVEL, a. [Fr. chamel.] Containing flesh or car- 



CHaR'NEL-HOUSE, 71. A place under or near churches, 
where the bones of the dead are reposited. 

CHa'RON, n. In fabulous history, the son of Erebus and 
Nox,* whose oliice was to ferry the souls of the deceased 
over the waters of Acheron and Styx. 

CHARR, 7?.. A lish, a species of salmo. 

CHARRED, pp. Reduced to a coal. 

CHAR'RlA'G, pirr. Reducing to coal ; depriving of volatile 
matter. 

CHAR'RY, a. Pertaining to charcoal ; like charcoal, or par- 
takuig of its qualities. 

CHART, 71. [L. cliarta.'] A hydrographical or marine 
map 5 a draught or projection of some part of the earth's 
superficies on paper, with the coasts, isles, rocks, banks, 
channels or entrances into harbors, rivers, and bays, the 
points of compass, soundings or depth of water, (Stc, to 
regulate the courses of sliips in their voyages. 

CHAR'TEL. See Cartel. 

CHAR'TER, 71. [Fr. chartre.] 1. A written instrument, 
executed witli usual forms, given as evidence of a grant, 
contract, or whatever is done between man and man. 
An instrument of a grant conferring powers, rights and 
privileges. 2. Any instrument, executed with form and 
solemnity, bestowing rights or privileges. 3. Privilege ; 
immunity ; exemption. 

CHAR TER, V. t. 1. To hire or to let a ship by charter. 
2. To establish by charter. 

CHAR TER-LAND, n. Land held by charter, or in socage. 

CHAR'TER-PAR'T5f, 74. [Yx. charte-partie.'] In commerce, 
an agreement respecting the hire (f a vassel and the 
freight. 

CHARTERED, pp. 1. Hired or let, as a ship. 2. Invested 
with privileges by charter ; privileged. 3. Granted by 
charter. 

CHAR'TER-ING, ppr. ]. Giving a charter; establishing 
by charter. 2. Hiring or letting by charter. 

OHART'LESS, a. Without a chart ; of wiiich no chart has 
been made ; not delineated on paper. 

CHAR'TREUX, or CHAR^TREUSE, n. [Fr.] A celebrated 
monasterv' of Carthusians. 

CHAR'TU-LA-RY, n. [Fr. chartulaire.] An officer in the 
ancient Latin church, who had the care of charters Eind 
other papers of a public nature. 

CHa'RY, a. [Sax. cearig.] Careful ; wary ; frugal. Shak. 

CHa'SA-BLE, a. That may be chased ; fit for the chase. 

CHASE, V. t. [Fr. chasser.] 1. Literally, to drive, urge, 
press forward with vehemence ; hence, to pursue for the 
purpose of taking, as game ; to hunt. 2. To pursue, or 
drive, as a defeated or flying enemy. 3. To follow or 
pursue, as an object of desire ; to pursue for the purpose 
of taking. 4. To drive ; to pursue. — To chtrse away, is 
to compel to depart ; to disperse. — To chase metals. See 
Enchase, 

CHASE, 71. 1. Vehement pursuit; a running or driving 
after ; as game, in hunting. 2. Pursuit with an ardent 
desire to obtain, as pleasure, &c. ; earnest seeking. 3. 
That which may be chased ; that wliich is usually taken 
by chase. 4. That wliich is pursued or hunted. — 5. In 
law, a driving of cattle to or from a place. 6. An open 
ground, or place of retreat for deer and other wild beasts. 
7. [Fr. chasse.] An kon frame used by printers to confine 
types, when set in columns. 8. Chase of a gun, is the 
whole length of the bore. 9. A term in the game of ieu- 
vls. — Chase gun-"^ in a ship of war, guns used in chasing 
an enemy, or in defending a ship when chased. These 
have their ports at the liea'd or stem. 

(PHASED, pp. Pursued ; sought ardently ; driven. 

CHaS'ER, 71. 1. One who chases ; a pui-suer ; a driver ; a 
hunter. 2. An enchaser. See Enchase. 

C'HaS'ING, ppr. Pursumg ; driving ; hunting. 

CHASM, (kazm) n. [Gr. x^^afia.] 1. A cleft ; a fissure ; a 
gap ; properly, an opening made by disrupture, as a 
breach in the earth or a rock. 2. A void space ; a va- 
cuity. 

CHASMED, a. Having gaps or a chasm. 



CHAS'SE-LAS, 71. A sort of grape. 

CHaSTE, a. [Fr. chaste.] I. Pure from all unlawful com- 
merce of sexes. 2. Fi-ee from obscenity. 3. In language^ 
pure ; genuine -, imcorrupt ; free from barbarous worda 
and phrases, and from quaint, affected, extravagant ex- 
pressions. 

CHaSTE'-E-?ED, a. Having modest eyes. 

CHaSTE'-TREE, n. The a gnus castus, oi vit ex. 

CHaSTE LY, adv. In a chaste manner ; without unlawful 
commerce of sexes ; without obscenity ; purely ; without 
barbarisms or unnatural phrases. 

*CHaS'TEX, (cha'sn) v.t. [Fr. ch&ticr.] 1. To correct bv 
punishment ; to punish ; to inflict pain for the purpose of 
reclaimuig an offender. 2. To afflict by other means. 
3. To purify from errors or faiilts. 

* CHaS'TEIV ED, pp. Corrected ; punished ; afflicted for cor- 
rection 

* CHaS'TEN-ER, 71. One who punishes, for the purpose of 
correction. 

CHaSTE'NESS, n. Chastity ; purity. 

* CH aS'TEN-ING, ppr. Correcting ; afflicting for coitoc- 
lion. 

* CHaS TEN-ING, n. Correction ; punishment for the pur- 
pose of reclaiming. 

CHAS-TlS'A-BLE, a. Deservinc of chastisement. 

CHAS-TiSE', V. t. [Fr. ch&tier.J I. To coiTCCt by punish- 
ing ; to punish ; to inflict pain, for the purpose of punish- 
ing an oflender, and recalhng him to his duty. 2. To re- 
duce to order or obedience ; to restrain ; to awe ; to re- 
press. 3. To correct ; to purify bv expunging faults. 

CHAS-TiS ED, (chas-tlzd) pp. Punished ; corrected. - 

*CHASTJSE-MENT, n. [Fr. chatiment] Correction; pun- 
ishment ; pain inflicted for pmiishment and correction, 
either by stripes or otherwise. 

CHAS-TiS'ER, 71. One who chastises; a punisher ; a cor- 
rector. _ 

CHAS-TlS'ING, ppr. Punishing for correction ; correct- 
ing. 

*CHASTI-TY, n. [L. castitas.] 1. Purity of the body; 
freedom from all unlawful commerce of sexes. 2. Free- 
dom from obscenity, as in language or conversation. 
3. Freedom from bad mixture ; purity in words and 
phrases. 4. Purity ; unadulterated state'. 

CHAT, V. i. [G. kosei'..] 1. To talk in a familiar manner ; 
to talk without form or ceremony. 2. To talk idly ; to 
prate. 

t CHAT, V. t. To talk of. Shak. 

CHAT, 71. Free, familiar talk ; idle talk ; prate. 

CHAT, n. A twig, or little stick. See Chit. 

CHAT'EAU, (shat to) n. [Fr.] A castle ; a seat in the 
_ countiy. 

CHAT'E-LET, 7?. A little castle. Chambers. 

CHAT'EL-LA-NY, n. [Fr. chateUenie.] The lordship or 
jurisdiction of a castellan, or governor of a castle. See 
Castellany. 

CHA-TOY'ANT, a. [Fr. chat and ail.] Having a change- 
able, undulating lustre, or color, like that of a cat's eye in 
tile dark. 

CHA-TOY'ANT, 7i. A hard stone. 

CHA-TOY'MENT, n. Changeable colors, or changeableness 
of color, m a mineral ; play of colors. 

CHATTEL, ji. Any article of movable goods. 

CHAT'TER, v.i. 1. To utter sounds rapidly and indis- 
tinctly, as a magpie, or a monkey. 2. To make a noise 
by collision of the teeth. 3. To talk idly, carelessly or 
rapidlv ; to jabber. 

CHAT'TER, n. Sounds like those of a pie or monkey ; idle 
talk. 

CHATTER-BOX, n. One that talks incessantly 

CHAT'TER-ER, n. A prater ; an idle talker. 

CH AT'TER-ING, ppr. Uttering rapid, indistmct somids, as 
birds ; talking idly ; moving mpidly and clasliing, as the 
teeth. 

CHATfTER-ING, 7i. Rapid, inarticulate sounds, as of birds ; 
idle talk ; rapid striking of the teeth, as in chilliness. 

CHAT'TING, ppr. Talking familiariy. 

CHAT'TY, a. Given to free conversation ; talkative. 

CHAT'WOOD, V. Little sticks ; fuel. 

CHAU'DRO'N. See Chawdron, and Chaldeon. 

CHAU-MON-TELLE', n. [Ft.] A sort of pear. 

t CHAUN, or CHAWN, n. A gap. See Yawn. 

t CHAUN, V. i. To open ; to ya^<^ 

CHAUNT. See Chant. 

CHAV'EN-DER, or CHEV'EN, n. [Fr, chevesne.] Th« 
chub, a fish. 

CHAW, V. t. [Sax. ceowan.] 1. To grind with the teeth ; 
to masticate ; to rmninate. 2. To ruminate in thought; 
to revolve and consider ; [obs.] 

CHAW, n. 1. The jaw.— 2. In vulgar language, a cud , 
asmuch as is put in the mouth at once. 

CHAW'DRON, n. Entrails. Shak. 

CHAY, n. Chaya-root ; the root of the oldenlandia umbcl- 
lata, used in dyeing red. 

CHkAP, a. [Sax. ceap.] 1. Bearing alow price, in market 



• See Syncvds. A, E, I, O, U, Y, ion^-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— HN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. 



CHE 



139 



CHE 



that may be purchased at a low price. 2. Being of small 
value ; common ; not respected. 
CHEAP, n. Bargain ; purchase. 

CHeAP'EN, v. t [Selx. ceapian.] 1. To attempt to buy ; 
to ask the price ot a commodity ; to chaffer. 2. To lessen 
valua 
CHkAP'EX-ER, n. One who cheapens or bargains. 
CHeAP'LY, ado At a small price ; at a low rate. 
CHeAP'NESS, 71. Lowness in price, considering the usual 

prke, or real value. 
GHeAR, See Cheer. 

cheat, v. t. [Sax ceatt.] 1. To deceive and defraud in 
a bargain ; to deceive for the purpose of gain ia selling. 
2. To deceive by any artifice, trick or device, with a view 
to gain an advantage contrary to common honesty. 3. 
To impose on ; to trick. 
CHEAT, 71. 1. A fraud committed by deception ; a trick ; 
imposition 5 imposture. 2. A person who cheats ; one 
guilty of fraud bv deceitful practices. 
CHEAT' A-BLE-NESS, n. Liability to be cheated. 
CHeAT'-BREAD, 71. Fine bread purchased, or not made 

iti_ the family. J^Little used.] 
CHeAT'ED, pp. Defrauded by deception. 
CHeAT'ER, n. One who practices a fraud in commerce. 
CHEATING, ppr. Defrauding by deception ; imposing on. 
CHeAT'ING, 71. The act of defrauding by deceitful arts. 
CHECK, V. t. [Ft. echec] 1. To stop ; to restrain ; to hin- 
der ; to curb. 2. To rebuke ; to chide or reprove. S. To 
compare any paper with its counterpart or with a ciplier, 
with a view to ascertain its authenticity ; to compaie cor- 
responding papers ; to control by a counter-register. — 4. In 
seamanship, to ease off a little of a rope, which is too stiff- 
ly extended ; also, to stopper the cable. 
CHECK, V. i. I. To stop 5 to makes stop. 2. To clash or 

interfere. 3. To strike with repression. 
CHECK, 71. 1. A stop ; htnderance; rebuff ; sudden restraint, 
or continued restraint ; curb ; control ; government. 2. 
That which stops or restrains, as reproof, reprimand, re- 
buke, slight or disgust, fear, apprehension, a person ; any 
stop or obstruction. — 3. In falconrij, when a hawk for- 
.sakes her proper game, to follow rooks, pies, or other 
fowls that c;:oss her in her flight. 4. The correspondent 
cipher of a bank note ; a corresponding indenture ; any 
cpunter-register. 5. A term in chess, when one party 
obliges the other either to move or guard his king. 6 An 
order for money, drawn on a banker, or on the cashier of 
a. bank, payable to the bearer. — 7. In popular use, checker- 
ed cloth ; check, for checkered. — Check or check-roll, a roll 
or book containing the names of persons who are attend- 
ants and in the pay of a king or great personage, as do- 
mestic servants. — Clerk of the check, in the British king's 
Iiousehold, has the check and control of the yeomen of 
the guard. 
CHECKED, CHECKT, pp. Stopped ; restrained ; repress- 
ed ; curbed ; moderated ; controlled ; reprimanded. 
CHECK'ER, V. t. I. To variegate with cross lines ; to form 
into little squares, like a chess-board, by lines or stripes 
of different colors. 2. To diversify ; to variegate with 
different qualities, scenes, or events. 
CHECK' ER, n. 1. One who checks or restrains ; arebuker. 

2. A chess-board. 
CHECK'ER, or CHECK'ER-W6RK. n. Work varied alter- 
nately as to its colors or materials ; work consisting of 
cross lines. 
CHECK'ERS, n. plu. A common game on a checkered 

board. 
GHECK'ING, ppr. Stopping ; curbing ; restraining ; moder- 
ating j controlling ; rebuking. 
GHECK'LESS, a. That cannot be checked, or restrained. 
CHECK'-MATE, 7i. 1. The movement on a chess board, or 
in the game of chess, that kills the opposite men, or hin- 
ders them from moving, so that tlie game is finished. 2. 
Defeat ; overthrow. 
CHECK'-MATE, v. t. To finish. Skelton. 
CHECK'Y, 71. In heraldry, a border that has more than two 
rows of checkers, or when the bordme or shield is check- 
ered, like a chess-board. 
CHEEK, 7(. [Sax. ceac, ceoca.] 1. The side of the face 
below the eyes on each side. — 2. Among mechanics, cheeks 
are those pieces of a machine, which form corresponding 
sides, or which are double and alike.— CAeeA by jowl, 
closeness, proximity. Beaumont. 
CHEEK'-BONE, 71. The bone of the cheek. 
CHEEKED, a. Brought near the cheek. 
CHEEK'-TOOTH, 71. The hinder tooth or tuak. Joel i.6. 
CHEEP, V. i. To chirp, as a small bird. 
CHEER, V. t. [Fr. cherc.] I. To salute with shouts of joy, 
or cheers. 2. To dispel gloom, sorrow, silence or apathv ; 
to cause to rejoice ; to gladden ; to make cheerful. 3. To 
infuse life, spirit, animation ; to incite ; to encourasre. 
CHEER, V. i. To grow cheerful ; to become gladsome or 

joyous. 
CHEER, 71. 1. A shout of joy. 2. A state of gladness or 
joy ; a state of animation. 3 Mirth-, gayety 5 jollity ; as 



at a feast. 4. Invitation to gayety. 5. Entertainment ; 
that which makes cheerful 5 provisions for a feast. 6. Air 
of countenance noting a greater or less degree of cheer- 
fulness. 
CHEERED, pp. Enlivened ; animated ; made glad, 
CHEER'ER, 71. One who cheers ; he or that which glad- 
dens. 
*CHEER'FyL, a. 1. Lively ; animated ; having good spir 
its ; moderately joyful. This is the most usual significa- 
tion of the word, expressing a degree of animation, les,^ 
than mirth and jollity. 2. Full of life ; gay ; animated • 
mirthful ; musical. 3. Expressive of good spuits or joy ; 
lively ; animated 

* CHEER'FUL-LY, adv. In a cheerful manner ; with alac- 
rity or wiliingness ; readily ; with life, animation or good 
spirits. 

* CHEER'FUL-NESS, n. Life ; animation ; good spirits ; a 
state of moderate joy, or gayety ; alacrity. 

CHEER I-LY, adu.With cheerfulness ; witli spirit. 

CHEER'lAG, ppr. Giving joy or gladness ; enlivening ; en- 
couragmg ; animating. 

t CHEER ISII -NESS, 7i. State of cheerfulness. 

CHEER'LESS, a. Without joy, gladness, or comfort ; 
gloomy ; destitute of any thing to enliven or animate the 
spirits. 

CHEER'LY, a. Gay ; cheerful 5 not gloomv. 

CHEER'LY, adv. Cheerfully ; heartilv ; briskly. 

CHEER'UP, or CHIR'UP, v. t. To make cheerful, [.d col- 
loquial word.'] Dr. Cheyne. 

CHEER'Y, a. Gay ; sprightly ; having power to make gav 

CHEESE, 7!. [Sax. cese, 01 cyse.]. 1. The curd of milk, 
coagulated by rennet, separated from the serum or whey, 
and pressed in a vat, hoop or mold. 2. A mass of pom- 
ace or ground apples, placed on a press. Mew-England. 

CHEESE'-CAKE, 72. A cake made of soft curds, sugar, 
and butter. 

CHEESE'-M6N-GER, n. One who deals in or sells cheese 

CHEESE'-PaR-ING, u. The rind or paring of cheese. 

CHEESE'-PRESS, n. A press, or engine for pressing curd 
in the making of cheese. 

CHEESE'-REN-NET, n. A plant, ladies' bed-straw, gaUam 
verum. 

CHEESE'-VAT, 71. The vat or case in which cmds are 
confined for pressing. Olanville. 

CHEES'Y, a. Having the nature, qualities, taste or form 
of cheese. 

CHEG'OE, 71. A tropical insect that enters the skin of the 
feet, and multiplies incredibly, causing an itching. Eucyi:. 

CHET'ROP-TER, 71. [Gr. ;^£tp and irrepov.] An animal, 
whose anterior toes are connected by a membrane, and 
whose feet thus serve for wings, as the bat. 

CHEL'I-DON, 71. [Gr.] A brown fly with silvery wings. 

CHE-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [Gr. :\;7?X?7, and L./ero.] Furnidi- 
ed with claws, as an animal. 

CHEL'I-FORM, a. [L. chela, and form.] Having the fonn 
of a claw. 

CHELMS'FORD-ITE, 71. A mineral, arranged as a subspe- 
cies of schaalstein ; found in Chelmsford, Massachu- 
setts. 

€HE-Lo'NI-AN, a. [Gr. x^^''^^> X^^^'^^-1 Pertaining to or 
designating animals of the tortoise kind. 

CHEL Y, 77. [L. chela.] The claw of a shell-fish. 

CHEM'I-CAL, a. 1. Pertaining to chemistry. 2. Resulthig 
from the operation of the principles of bodies by decom- 
position, combination, &c. 3. According to the principk^s 
of chemistry. 

CHEM'I-CAL-LY, adv. According to the principles of 
chemistry ; by chemical process or operation. 

CHE-MiSE', 7J. [Fr. chemise.] 1. A shift, or under garment 
worn by females. 2. A wall that lines the face of any 
work of earth. 

CHEM'IST, 71. A person versed in chemistry ; a professoi 
of chemistry. 

CHEM'IS-TRY, ) 71. [This word bemg from the Arabic kim- 

CHIM'IS-TRY, \ ia, the occult science, chimistry is the 
correct orthography, in accordance with the Fr. chinne, Sp 
chimia. It. and Port, chimica.] A science, the object cf 
which is to discover the nature and properties of all bod ies 
by analysis and synthesis. Macquer 

CHEa'UER. See Checker. 

CHE-aUlN'. SeeCEccHiN. 

CHER'IFF, n. written also sheriff. The prince of Mecca : 
a high priest among the Mohammedans. 

CHER'ISH, V. t. [Fr. cherir.] 1. To treat with tenderness 
and affection ; to give wannth, ease or comfort to. 2. To 
hold as dear ; to embrace with affection ; to foster, and 
encourage. 3. To treat in a manner to encourage growth, 
by protection, aid, attendance, or supplying nourishment. 
4. To harbor ; to indulge and encourage in the mind. 

CHER'ISHED, pp. Treated with tenderness ; warmed , 
comforted ; fostered. 

CHER'ISH-ER, 7i. One who cherishes ; an encourager ; & 
supporter. 



• See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € asK;easJ;SasZ;CHasSHjTHasin this, j Obsolete 



CHE 



140 



CHI 



CHER'ISH-ING,;>pr. Warming ; comforting ; encouraging ; 
fostering : treating witii affection. 

CHER'ISH-ING, n. Support ; encouragement. 

CHER'ISH-ING-Ly^, adv. In an affectionate manner. 

tCHER'ISH-MENT, n. Encouragement: comfort. 

€HER'MES. See Kermes. 

CHERN. See Churn. 

CHER'RY, n. [Fr. cerise ; L. cerasus, so named from Cera- 
SU3, a city in Pontus, whence the tree was imported into 
Italy.] The fruit of a tree, a species ofprunus, of which 
there are many varieties. 

CHER'RY, a. Like a red cherry in color ; red, ruddy, 
blooming. 

CHER'RY, n. A cordial composed of cherry-juice and spir- 
it, sweetened and diluted. 

CHERRY-BAY. See Laurel. 

CHER RY-CHEEKED, a. Having ruddy cheeks. 

CHER'RY-PIT, n. A child's play, in which cherry-stones 
are throw-n into a hole. 

CHER'RY-TREE, n. A tree whose fruit is cherries. 

€HER'SO-NkSE, 71. [Gr. ^E(>aovr]aos.] A peninsula ; a 
tract of land of any indefinite extent, which is nearly sur- 
rounded by water, but united to a larger tract by a neck 
of land, or isthmus. 

CHERT, n. In mineralogy, a subspecies of rhomboidal 
quartz ; called also hornstone, petrosilex, or rock flint. 

CHERT'Y, a. Like chert ; flinty. Pennant. 

CHER'UB, n. ; plu. Cherubs, but the Hebrew plural Cher- 
ubim is also used. [Heb. ono.] A figure composed of 
various creatures, as a man, an ox, an eagle, or a lion. 
In the celestial hierarchy, cherubs are represented as spir- 
its next in order to seraphs. 

* CHER'U-BI€, ) a. [The accent is usually laid on the sec- 

* CHE-Ru'Bie, J ond syllable, but improperly.] Pertain- 
ing to cherubs ; angelic. Sheldon. 

CHER'U-BIM, n. The Hebrew plural of cherub. 

CHER'U-BIN, a. Cherubic ; angelic. Shak. 

CHER'U-BIN, n. A cherub. Dryden. 

CHER'UP. A corruption of chirp, which see. 

CHER'VIL, w. [Sax. ccr^We.] A genus of plants. 

CHES'A-PEAK, n. A bay of the United States. 

CHES'I-BLE, n. [Old Fr. casuhle.] A short vestment with- 
out sleeves, worn by a popish priest at mass. 

CHES'LIP, n. A small vermin that lies under stones and 
tiles. Skinner. 

CHESS, n. [Fr. echecs/j An ingenious game performed by 
two parties, with different pieces, on a checkered board, 
that is, a board divided into sixty-four squares or houses. 

CHESS, n. In JSTew En<rland, that weed which grows 
among wheat, and is supposed to be wheat degenerated or 
changed. 

CHESS'- AP-PLE, n. A species of wild service. 

CHESS'-BoARD, n. The board used in the game of chess, 
and from the squares of which chess has its name. 

CHESS'-MAN, n. A piece or puppet, for the game of chess. 

CHESS'-PLAY-ER, n. One who plays chess ; one skilled 
in the game of chess. 

CHESS'-TREE, n. In ships, a piece of wood, bolted per- 
pendicularly on the side, to confine the clews of the main- 
sail. 

CHESS'OM, n. Mellow earth. Bacon. 

CHEST, n. [Sax. cest, or cyst.] 1. A box of wood or otlier 
material, in which goods are kept or transported. 2. The 
trunk of the body, from the neck to the belly ; the thorax. 
3. In commerce, a certain quantity ; as, a chest of sugar. 
— Chest of drawers is a case of movable boxes, called draw- 



ers. 
CHEST, V. t. To reposit in a chest ; to hoard. 
CHEST'ED, a. Having a chest. 
CHEST'-FOUND-ER-ING, n. A disease in horses. 
CHEST'NUT, V. [Sax. cystel.] The fruit, seed or nut of a 

tree, belonging to the genasfagus. 
CHESTNUT, a. Being of the color of a chestnut; of a 

brown color. 
CHEST'NUT-TREE, n The tree which produces the 

chestnut. 
CHES'TON, ?i. A species of plum. Johnson. 
t CHEV'A-CHIE, n. An expedition with cavalry. Chaucer. 
CHEV'AGE. See Chiefage. 
CHEV'AL DE FR'iSE, (shev'o-de-freez') generally used in 

the plural, chevaux de frise. [Fr. cheval and~/me.J 1. 

A piece of timber, traversed with wooden spikes, pointed 

with iron, five or six feet long ; used to defend a passage, 

stop a breach, or make a retrenchment to stop cavalry. 

y. A kind of trimming. 
CliEV-A-LlER', n. [Fr.] 1. A knight; a gallant young 

man. 2. In heraldry, a horseman armed at all points. 
CHEV'EN, n. [Fr. chevesne.] A river fish, the chub. 
CHEV'ER-IL, n. [Fr. chevreau.] A kid, or, rather, leather 

made of kid-skin ; used as a noun or adjective. 
CHEV'ER-IL-iZE, v. t. To make as pliable as kid-leather. 
CHEV'I-SANCE, n. [Fr. chevir.] 1. Achievement ; deed ; 

performance ; enterprise accomplished; [obs.]—2. Inlaw, 



a making of contracts ; a bargain. 2. An unlawfUJ agree-^ 
ment or contract. 4. An agreement or composition, as 
an end or order set down between a creditor and Ilia 
_ aebtor. 

CHEVRON, n. [Fr.] In heraldry, an honorable ordinary 

_ representing two rafters of a house meeting at the top. 

CHEV'RONED, a. Having a chevron, or the form of it. B 

_ Jonson. 

CHEV'RON-EL, w. A diminutive of the heraldic chevron 
B. Jonson. 

CHEV-RO-TAIN', n. [from Fr chevre.] The smallest of 
the antelope kind. 

CHEW, V. t. [Sax. ceowan.] 1. To bite and grind with the 
teeth ; to masticate, as food, to prepare it for deglutition 
and digestion. 2. To ruminate in the thoughts ; to medi- 
tate. 3. To champ; to bite, hold, or roll about in the 
mouth. 4. To taste without swallowing. 

CHEW, V. i. To champ upon ; to ruminate. 

CHEW, n. That which is chewed ; that which is held in 
the mouth at once ; a cud. [ Vulgar.] 

CHEWED, pp. Ground by the teeth ; masticated. 

CHEW'ET, n. A kind of pie, made with chopped sub 
stances. 

CHEWING, ppr. Grinding with the teetli ; masticating; 
ruminating ; meditating ; champing. 

CHl'A, 11. A beautiful Mexican plant. 

CHl'AN, a. Pertaining to Chios, an isle in the Levant. 

€HI-AS'TO-LlTE, ji. A mineral, called also made. 

CHIB'BAL, 71. [Fr. ciboule.] A small sort of onion. 

CHI-€aNE', n. [Fr. chicane.] 1. In laio, shift ; turn ; trick • 
cavil ; an abuse of judiciary proceedings, by artifices, un- 
fair practices, or idle objections. 2. Sophistry. 3. Any 

_ artifice or stratagem. 

CHI-CaNE', v. i. [Fr. chicaner.] To use shifts, cavils m 

_ artifices. 

CHI-€aN'ER, n. [Fr. chicancur.] One who uses shifts, 
turns, evasions or undue artifices, in litigation or disputes ; 

_ a caviler ; a sophister ; an unfair disputant. 

CHI-€aN'ER-Y, n. [Fr. chicanerie.] Sophistry ; mean or 
unfair artifices, to perplex a cause and obscure the truth. 

CHICH'ES, 71. p^M. -Dwarf peas. 

CHICH'LING, 1 71. A vetch or pea, of the genus 

CHICH'LING-VETCH, \ lathxjrus. 

CHICK, V. i. To sprout, as seed in the ground ; to vegetate. 
Todd. 

CHICK, ) n. [Sax. ciccn.] 1. The young of fowls, par- 

CHICK'EN, \ ticularly of the domestic hen, or gallinaceous 
fowls. 2. A person of tender years. 3. A v/ord of ten- 
dsmcss 

CHICK'EN-HEART'ED, a. Timid ; fearful ; cowardly. 

CHICK'EN-POX, n. A mild, contagious, eruptive disease, 
generally appearing in children. 

CHICK'LING, 71. A small chick or chicken. 

CHI€K'-PEA, n. [L. ciccr.] A plant or pea. 

CHiCK'-WEED, 71. A plant of the genus alsine. 

CHIDE, V. t. ; pret. chid ; [chode is obs.] ; part, chid, chidden 
[Sax. cidan, chidan.] 1. To scold at ; to reprove ; to uttei 
words in anger, or by way of disapprobation ; to rebuke 
2. To blame ; to reproach. 

CHIDE, V. i. 1. To scold ; to clamor ; to find fault ; to con 
tend in words of anger. 2. To quarrel. 3. To make a 
rough, clamorous, roaring noise. 

CHIDE, 71. Murmur ; gentle noise. Thomson. 

CHxD'ER, n. One who chides, clamors, reproves or re- 
bukes. 

T CHiD'ER-ESS, n. A female who chides. 

CHlD'ING, ppr. Scolding ; clamoring ; rebuking ; making a 
harsh or continued noise. 

CHlD'ING, n. A scolding or clamoring ; rebuke ; reproof. 

CHiD'ING-LY, adv. In a scolding or reproving manner. 

CHIEF, (cheef) a. [Fr. chef.] 1. Highest in office or rank ; 
principal. 2. Principal or most eminent, in any quality 
or action ; most distinguished ; having most influence ; 
commanding most respect j taking the lead ; most valua 
ble ; most important. 3. First in affection ; most dear and 
familiar. >** 

CHIEF, 71. 1. A commander ; particularly a military com 
mander ; the person who heads an army. 2. The princi- 
pal person of a tribe, family, or congregation, &c. — 3. In 
chief, in English law, in capite. To hold land in chief, is 
to hold it directly from the king, by honorable personal 
services. — 4. In heraldry, chief signifies the head or up- 
per part of the escutcheon, from side to side, repi-esenting 
a man's head. 5. In Spenser, it seems to signify some- 
thing like achievement, a mark of distinction. Johnson 
6. This word is often used, in the singular number, to ex 
press a plurality. 7. The principal part ; the most or 
largest part of one thing or of many. 

CHIEF, adv. Chiefly. 

t CHIEF' AGE, or t CHeV'AGE, n. A tribute by the head 

CHIeF'DOM, n. Sovereignty. Spenser. 

fCHlEF'ESS, n. A female chief among the Indians. Car 
ver. 

CHIeF'LESS, a. Without a chief or leader. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, f , O, t), Y, loiig.—FAH, FALL, WH^T ;— PRgY ;— PtN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. 



CHI 



141 



CHI 



CHIfiF'LY, adv 1. Principally ; eminently ; in the first 
place. 2. For the most part. 

CHIeF'RIE, 71. A small rent paid to the lord paramount. 

CHIeF'TAIN, 71, A captain, leader, or commander ; a 
chief; the head of a troop, army, or clan. 

CHIeF'TAIN-RY, \ n. Headship ; captaincy ; the gov- 

CHIeF'TAIN-SHIP, \ emment over a clan. 

\ CHIeV'ANCE, n. [Norm, chivisance.'] An unlawful bar- 
gain ; traffick in which money is extorted. 

1 CHIEVE, or CHIVE, v. i. [Fr. chevir.] To come to an 
end ; to issue ; to succeed Chaucer. 

(/'HIL'BLAUV, 71. A blain or sore produced by cold. 

('HiLD, 71.; flu. Chil'drew. [Sax. did.'] 1. A son or a 
daughter ; a male or female descendant in the first de- 
gree ; the immediate progeny of parents ; applied to the 
human race, and chiefly to a person when young. 2 
One weak in knowledge, experience, judgment, or at- 
tainments. 3. One young in grace. 4. One who is bom 
again, spiritually renewed and adopted. 5. One who is 
the product of another ; or whose principles and morals 
are the product of another. 6. In the plural, the descend- 
ants of a man, however remote ; as, the children of Israel. 
7. The inhabitants of a country. — To be vAth child, Xo he 
pregnant. 

t CHILD, 7>.j. To bring children. Shak. 

CHiLD'-BEaR-ING, a. or ppr. Bearing or producing chil- 
dren. 

CHiLD'-BEaR-ING, 71. The act of producing or bringing 
forth children ; parturition. 

CHlLD'BED, n. The state of a woman bringing foitii a 
child, or being in labor ; parturition. 

CIIlLD'BiRTH, 71. The act of bringing forth a child ; trav- 
ail; labor. 

fOHlLD'ED, a. Furriished with a child. Shak. 

CHII.D'ER-aiAS-DA^, n. An anniversary of the church of 
England, held on the 28th of December, in commemora- 
tion of the children of Bethlehem slain by Herod ; called 
also Innocents' -Day. 

CHILD'HOOD, n. [Sax. cildhad.] I. The state of a child, 
or the time in which persons are children, including the 
time from birth to puberty. 2. The properties of a child. 

CHILD ING, ppr. [The verb to child is not now used.] 
Bearing children ; producing ; as, childing women. 

CHiLD ISH, a. 1. Belonging to a child ; trifling ; puerile. 
2. Pertaining to a child. 3. Pertaining to chilaren j igno- 
rant ; silly ; weak. 

CHlLD'ISH-LY, adv. In the manner of a child ; in a tri- 
fling way ; in a weak or foolish manner. 

tCHILD'ISH-MlND'ED-NESS,7i. Triflmgness. Bacon. 

CHiLD'ISH-NESS, n. Triflingness ; puerility ; the state or 
qualities of a child. 

CHiLD'LESS, a. Destitute of children or offspring. 

CHILD'LIKE, a. Resembling a child, or that which belongs 
to children ; becoming a child ; meek ; submissive ; duti- 
ful. 

CHILD'LY, a. Like a child. 

CHIL'DREN, 71. plu. of child. 

CHIL'I-AD, n. [Gr. ^\iag.] 1. A thousand ; a collection 
or sum containing a thousand individuals or particulars. 
2. The period of a thousand years. 

CHIL'I-A-GON, 71. [Gr. x^^'-'^ ^^^ yo)via.] A plain figure 
of a thousand angles and sides. 

CHIL-I-A-He'DRON, 71. [Gr. x^'^^a and eSpa.] A figure of 
a thousand equal sides. 

eHIL'I-ARCH, n. [Gr. ;;^£X£aandap;:^;o?.] The military com- 
mander or chief of a thousand men. 

eHIL'I-AR€H-Y, n. A body consisting of a thousand 
men. 

CHILil-AST, 71. OneofthesectofMillenarians. 

CHIL-I-F ACTIVE. See Chylifactite. 

€HIL-I-OL'I-TER. See Kilohter. 

CHIL-I-OM'E-TER. See Kilometer. 

CHILL, 71. [Sax. celc, cyle, cyl.] 1. A shivering with 
cold ; rigors, as in an ague ; the cold fit that precedes a 
fever ; sensation of cold in an animal body ; chilliness. 
2. A moderate degree of cold ; chilliness in any body ; 
that which gives the sensation of cold. 

CHILL, a. 1. Cool ; moderately cold ; tending to cause 
sliivering. 2. Shivering with cold. 3. Cool ; distant ; 
formal ; dull ; not warm, animated, or affectionate. 4. 
Depressed ; dispirited ; dejected ; discouraged. 

ClJfLL, V. t. 1. To cause a shivering, or shrinking of the 
skin ; to check circulation nr motion. 2. To make cold, 
or cool ; as, the evening air chills the earth. 3. To blast 
with cold ; to check the c1rci.'ation in plants, and stoD 
their growth. 4. To check moi 'on, life, or action ; to de'- 
press ; to deject ; to discourage. 

t CHILL, V. i. To shiver. 

CHILLED, pp. Made coo! ; made to shiver ; dejected. 

(!HIL'LI, 71. A Mexican plant, Guinea pepper. 

CHILL'I-NESS, 71. 1. A sensation of shivering ; rigors. 
2. A moderate degree of coldness. 

CHILL'ING, ppr. Cooling ; causing to shiver. 



CHILL'NESS, 71. Coolness ; coldness ; a shivering. 

CHILL' Y, a. Cool ; moderately cold. 

t CHILL' Y,ad7;. Coldly. Sherwood. 

CHIL'O-GRAM. See Kilogram. 

CHIMB. See Chime. 

CHIME, n. [Chaucer, chimbe ; Dan. kimer.] 1. The con- 
sonant or hannonic sounds of several conespondent in- 
struments. 2. Correspondence of sound. 3. The musi- 
cal sounds of bells struck with hammers. 4. Correspond- 
ence of proportion or relation. 5. A kind of periodical 
music, or tune of a clock, produced by an appaiatus an- 
nexed to it. 6. A set of bells which chime, or ring in 
harmony. 

CHIME, V. i. 1. To sound in consonance or harmony ; tc 
accord. 2. To correspond in relation or proportion. 3 
To agree ; to fall in with. 4. To agree; to suit with. 
5. To jingle ; to clatter. 

CHIME, v.t. 1. To move, strike, or cause to sound in hai- 
monv. 2. To strike or cause to sound, as a set of bells 

CHIME, n. [D. kirn ; G. kimme.] The edge or brim of a 
cask or tub, formed by the ends of the staves. 

CHlM'ER, 71 One who chimes. 

€HI-Me'RA, 71. [L. chima^a.] I. In fabulous history, a 
monster with three heads, that of a lion, of a goat, and of 
a dragon, vomitmg flames. — 2. In modern usage, a vain 

_ or idle fancy. 

CHI-MeRE', n. [It. ciamare.] A robe, Wlieatly. 

€HI-MER'I-€AL, a. Merely imaginary ; fanciful ; fantas- 
tic ; wildly or vainly conceived ; that has or can have no 
existence except in thought. 

€HI-MER'I-€AL-LY, adv Wildly; vainly; fancifully; 
fantastically. 

t CHIM'ER-IZE, V. i. To entertain wild fancies. 

€HIM'I-€AL, ) a. 1. Pertaining to chemistry. 2. Result- 

CHEM'I-€AL, \ ing from the operation of the principles 
of bodies by decomposition, combination, &c. 3. Accord- 
ing to the principles of chemistry. 

€HIM'I-€AL-LY, ) adv. According to chemical principles ; 

€HEM'I-CAIj-LY, \ by chemical process or operation. 

CHIM IN-A6E, n. [Fr. chemin.] In law, a toll for passage 
through a forest. 

CHiM'ING, ppr. Causing to chime ; sounding in accodr- 
ance, 

CHIM'IST, ) n. A person versed in chemistry ; a professor 

CHEM'IST, \ of chemistry. 

€HIM'IST-RY, in. [Fr. chimie ;Sp.chimia. Theorthogra- 

€HEM'IST-RY, \ phy of this word has undergone changes 
through ignorance of its origin. It is the Arabic kimia, the 
occult art or science, from kamai, to conceal. The common 
orthography is from x^^i to melt or fuse ; the old orthogra- 
phy was from %uw, the same word, differently written.] A 
science, the object of which is to discover the nature and 
properties of all bodies by analysis and synthesis. Mac- 
quer. See Chemistry. 

CHIM'NEY, n. ; plu. Chimneys. [Fr. cheminee.] 1. In 
architecture, a body erected in a building, containing a 
funnel or funnels, to convey smoke through the roof, from 
the fire-place. 2. A fire-place ; the lower part of the bodj' 
of brick or stone, which confines and conveys smoke. 

CHIM'NEY-COR'NER, n. I. The corner of a fire-place, or 
the space between the fire and the sides of the fire-place. 
2. In a more enlarged sense, the fire-side, or a place near 
the fire. 

CHIM'NEY-HOOK, n. A hook for holding pots and kettles 
over a fire. 

CHIM'NEY-M6N'EY, n. Hearth-money, a duty paid far 
each chimney_in a house. 

CHIM'NEY-PIeCE, 71. An ornamental piece of wood or 
stone set round a fire-place. 

CHIM'NEY-SWEEP'ER, 71. One whose occupation is to 
sweep and scrape chimneys, to clean them of the soot 
that adheres to their sides. 

CHIM'NEY-TOP, 71. The summit of a chimnev 

CHIM-PAN'ZEE, 71. An animal of the ape kmd. 

CHIN, n. [Sax. cinne.] The lower extremity of the face 
below the mouth ; the point of the under jaw. 

* CHI'NA, 71. A species of earthen ware made in China, 
and so called trom the country ; called also china ware 
and porcelain. See Porcelain. 

* CHI'NA-OR'ANGE, n. The sweet orange, said to have 
been originallv brought from China. 

* CHI'NA-ROOT, n. The root of a species of smilax. 
CHINCH, V. "a genus of insects. 

CHIN'-COUGH, 71. [D. kink-hoest.] A contagious disease 
often epidemic among children. 

CHINE, n. [Fr. echine.] 1. The back-bone, or spine of an 
animal. 2. A piece of the back-bone of an animal, with 
the adjoining parts, cut for cooking. 3. The chime of a 
cask, or the ridge formed by the ends of the staves. Stat 
of Penn. 

CHINE, V. t. To cut through the back-bone, or into chine- 
pieces. 

CHiNEJ), a. Pertaining to the back. Beaumont 

CHI-NeKE', a. Pertaining to China. 



See Syrwpais. MOVE BOOK D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TII as in this f Obsolete 



CHI 



142 



CHO 



C'HI-NeSE', n. sing, and plu. A native of China ; also, the 
language of China. 

CHU^'GLE, 71. Gravel free from dirt. See Shingle. 

CHENTK, 71. [Sax. cina or cinu.] A small aperture length- 
vp-ise ; a cleft, rent, or fissure ; a gap or crack. 

CHINK, V. i. To crack ; to open. Barret. 

CHINK, V. t. To open or part, and fonn a fissure. 

CHINK, V. t. To cause to sound by shalting coins or small 
pieces of metal. 

CHINK, V. i. To make a smaU, sharp sound, as b/ the col- 
lision of little pieces of money, or other sonorous bodies. 

(yHINK'A-PIN, 71. The dwarf chestnut, /a^ws pM7?iiZa. 

CHINK'Y, a. Full of chinks, or fissures; gaping; opening 
in narrow clefts. Dryden. 

</HINNED, a. Havmg a loagchin. K'.rsey. 

(/HINSE, v.t. In naval affairs, to tlirust oakum into the 
seams or chinks of a ship with a chisel or point of a 
knife. 

CHINTS, 71. [D. chits ; Hindoo, cheent ; Pers. cliinz.] Cot- 
ton cloth, printed with more than two colors. 

CHIOP-PiNE', (chop-peen') n. [Sp. chapin.] A high shoe, 
formerlv worn by ladies. Shak. 

CHIP, CHE.'VP, CHIP'PING, in the names of places, im- 
ply a market ; from Sax. ceapan, cypan, to buy or sell. 

CHIP, n. 1. A piece of wood, or other substance, separated 
from a body by a cutting instrument, particularly by an 
axe. 2. A fragment or piece broken ofi" ; a small piece. 

CHIP, V. t. To cut into small pieces, or chips ; to diminish by 
cutting away a little at a time, or m small pieces ; to hew. 

CHIP, V. i. To break or fly off in small pieces, as in potter's 
ware. 

CHIP'-AXE, n. An axe for chipping. 

CHIPPED, pp. Cut in chips, or small pieces ; hewed. 

CHIP'PING. ppr. Cutting off in small pieces. 

CHIP'PINGJ 71. 1. A chip ; a piece cut off or separated by 
■ a cutting or engraving instrument ; a fragment. 2. The 
flying or breaking off, in small pieces, of the edges of pot- 
ter's ware and porcelain. 

€HI-E.AG'RA, n. Ihe guut in the hands only. 

€H!-RAG'RI-€x\L, a. [from chiragra.^ Havmg the gout in 
the hand, or subject to that disease. 

CHiRK, a. [D. circken.'] Lively ; cheerful ; in good spirits ; 
in a comfortable state. 

t CHiRK, V. i. To chirp. Chaucer. 

•f OHiRM, V. i. [Sax. cyrman.] To sing as a b.ird. 

CHI'RO-GRAPH, n. [Gr. x^^p and ypacpu).] 1. .Anciently, 
a deed, which, requiring a counterpart, was engrossed 
twice on the same piece of parchment, with a space be- 
tween, in which was written chirograph through which 
the parchment was cut, and one part giveri to each party. 
It answered to what is now called a charter^ arty. 2. A 
fine, so called from the manner of engrossing, which is 
still retained in the chirographer's office in England. 

CHI-ROG'RA-PHER, 7!. He that exercises or professes the 
art or business of writing. — In England, an officer in the 
common pleas, Avho engrosses fines. 

€S:|8-GliM'SAL, ! - pertaining to chirography. 

CHI-ROG'RA-PHIST, n. One who tells fortunes by exam- 
ining the hand. Arbuthnot. 

€HI-ROG'RA-PHY, 7^. The art of writing, or a writuig 
with one's own hand. 

CHI-RO-LOG'i-CAL, a. Pertaining to chirology. 

€HI-ROL'0-GlST, 7). [Gr. ^etp and Xoyog.'] One who com- 
municates thoughts by signs made with the hands and 
fingers. 

€HI-R0L'0-6Y, 77. The art or practice of communicating 
thoughts by signs made by the hands and fingers ; a sub- 
stitute for language or discourse, used by the deaf and 
dumb. 

*eHIR'0-MAN-CER, 7!. One who attempts to foretell fu- 
ture events, or to tell the fortunes and dispositions of per- 
sons, by inspecting the hands. 

* CHIR'O-MAN-CY, 71. [Gr. ;:^ap and //avraa.] Divination 
by the hand. 

*CHIR-0-MAN'TIC, a. Pertaining to chiromancy, or divina-' 
tion by the hand. 

CHiRPjW. i. [Ger. zirpcTi.] To make the noise of certain 
small birds, or of certain insects. 

CHiRP, V. t. To make cheerful. Pope. 

CHiRP, 7!. A particular voice of certain birds or insects. 

CHiRP'ER, 71. One that chirps, or is cheerful. 

CHiRP'ING, ppr. Making the noise of certain small buds. 

CHiRP'ING, n. The noise, of certain small birds and in- 
sects. 

CIIIRRE, V. i. [Sax. ceonaTi.] To coo, as a pigeon. 

\ CHI-RUR'GEON, n. [Gr. x^'-9°'"9y°^'] ^ surgeon ; one 
whose profession is to heal diseases by manual opera- 
tions, instruments, or external applications. 

€HI-RUR'6E-RY, n. [Gr. Ysippupyta.] That part of the 
medical art which consists m healing diseases and wounds 
by instruments and external applications ; now written 
surgery. 



€HI-RTTP.'6I€, ) a. 1. Pertaining to surgery. 2. Hav- 

CHI-RUR'GI-€AL, J ing qualities useful in external appli- 
cations for healing diseeises or injuries. It is now writ- 
ten surgical. 

CHIS'EL, n. [Fr. ciseau.] An instrument of iron or steel, 
used either for paring wood or stone. 

CHIS'EL, V. t. To cut, pare, gouge, or engrave with a 
chisel. 

CHIS'ELED, pp. Cut or engraved with a chisel. 

CHIS'EL-ING, ppr. Cutting with a chisel. 

CHIS'LEU, 71. [Heb. iSoa.] The ninth month of the Jew- 
ish year, answering to a part of November and a part of 
December, in the modern division of the year. 

CHIT, 71. [Sax. cith.'] 1. A shoot or sprout ; the first shoot- 
ing or germination of a seed or plant. 2. A child or babe, 
in familiar language. 3. A freckle, that is, a push. 

CHIT, V. i. To sprout ; to shoot, as a seed or plant. 

CHIT'-CHAT, 71. [See Chat, Chatter.] Prattle ; familiar 
or trifling talk. 

t CHIT'TER, V i. [Dutch, citteren.] To shiver. 

CHIT'TER-LING, 71. The frill to the breast of a shirt. 

CHIT'TER-LINGS,7i.pL [G. kuttel.] The guts or bowels ; 
sausages. Bailey. 

CHIT'TY, a. 1. ChUdish ; like a babe. 2. Full of chits or 
warts. 

* CHIV'AL-ROUS, a. Pertaining to chivalry, or knight- 
enantry ; warlike ; bold ; gallant. 

* CHIV'AL-RY, 71. [Fr. chevalerie.] I. Knighthood ; a 
military dignity, founded on the service of soldiers on 
horseback, called knights ; a service formerly deemed 
more honorable than service in infantry. 2. The quali- 
fications of a knight, as valor and dexterity in arms. 3. 
The system of knighthood ; the privileges, characteristics 
or manners of knights ; the practice of knight-errantry, or 
the heroic defence of life and honor. 4. An adventure or 
exploit, as of a knight. 5. The body or order of knights. 
— 6. In English law, a tenure of lands by knight's ser- 
vice. 

CHIVE, 71. [Fr. cive ; L. cepa.] A species o-f small onion. 

CHlVES, 71. plu. In botany, slender threads or filaments 
in the blossoms of plants. 

CHLo'RATE, 71. A compound of chloric acid with a salifi- 
able base. 

CHLo'RIC, a. Pertaining to chlorine, or obtained from it. 

CHLo'RIDE, ) 71. A compound of chlorine with a combus- 

CHLo'RID, \ tible body. 

CHLo-RID'IC, a. Pertaining to a chloride. Ure. 

CHLo'RINE, I n. [Gr. yXwpoj.] Chloric gas, or oxymuri- 

CHLo'RIN, i atic gas. 

CHLO-RI-OD'IC, a. Consisting of chlorine and iodine, or 
obtained from them. Davy. 

CHLo'RIS, 71. [Gr. ;;^Xa)poj.] The greenfinch, a small 
bird. 

CHLo'RITE, 71. [Gr. x^^pos-l ^ mineral. 

€HLo'RO-CAR-BON'I€, ) a. Terms applied to a com- 

€HLO'RO-€AR'BO-NOUS, \ pound of chlorine and car- 
bonic oxyd. 

CHLO-Ro'PAL, 71. A mineral, of two varieties. 

CHLo'RO-PHANE, n. [Gr. x^(^pos and (paivu).] A variety 
of fluor spar, from Siberia. 

CHLO'RO-PHEITE, 71. [Gr. x^^^poi and (paios.] A rare min- 
eral, found in small nodules. 

CHLoOlO-PHYL, 71. [Gr. x^<^po? and ^uXXov.] The green 
matter of the leaves of vegetables. 

CHLO-RQ'SIS, 71. [Gr. x^wpos.] The green sickness ; a dis- 
ease of females. 

CHLO-ROT'IC, a. I. Pertaining to chlorosis. 2. Affected 
by chlorosis. 

CHLo'ROUS, a. Pertaining to chlorine. 

CHOAK. See Choke. 

CHOCK, 71. In marine language, a kind of vpedge for con- 
fining a cask or other body. 

CHOCK, 71. An encounter. See Shock. 

CHO€'0-LATE, 7i. [Fr. chocolat ; Sp., Port, chocolate.] 1. 
A paste or cake composed of the kernel of cacao, with 
other ingredients, usually a little sugar, cinnamon or va- 
nilla. 2. The liquor made by dissolving chocolate in boil- 
ing water. 

CHO€'0-L ATE- HOUSE, 71. A house where company may 
be served with chocolate. 

CHO€'0-LATE-NUT. See Cacao. 

CHODE. The old preterit of chide, which see. 

CHOICE, 71. [Fr. choix.] 1. The act of choosing ; the vol- 
untary act of selecting o; separating from two or more 
things that which is preferred ; election. 2. The power 
of choosing ; option. '.. Care in selecting ; judgment or 
skill in distinguishing what is to be preferred, and in giv- 
ing a preference. 4. The thing chosen ; that which is 
approved and selected in preference to others ; selection. 
5. The best part of any thing ; that which is preferable ; 
and properly, the object of choice. 6. The act of electing 
to office by vote ; election.— To make choice of, to choose ; 
to select ; to separate and take in preference. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tj, f, long ^ FAR FALL, WHAT ,— PREYJ— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. 



CHO 



143 



CHO 



CHOICE, a. 1. Worthy of being preferred ; select ; pre- 
cious ; very valuable. 3. Holding dear ; preserving or 
using with care, as valuable ; frugal. 3. Selecting with 
care, and due attention to preference. 

CHOICE'-DRAWN, a. Selected with particular care. Shak. 

CHOICE'LESS, a. Not having the power of choosing ; not 
free. 

CHOICE'LY, (chois'ly) adv. 1. With care in choosing ; 
with nice . regard to preference ; with exact choice. 2. 
Valuably ;" excellently ; preferably, curiously. 3. With 
great care ; carefully. 

CHOICE'NESS, (chois ness) n. Valuableness ; particular 
value or woitla. 

* CHOIR, (kwire) n. [L. diorus.} I A collection of singers, 
especially in divine service, in a church. 2. Any collec- 
tion of singers. 3. That part of a church appropriated for 
the singers, separated from the clfoncel and the nave. — 4. 
In nunneries, a large hall adjoining to the body of the 
church, separated by a grate, where the nuns sing the of- 
fice. 

CHOIR-SER'ViCE, n. The service of singing performed by 
a choir. 

CROKEj'v.t. [Sa.x. aceocan.'\ I. To stop the passage of the 
breath, by filling the windpipe, or compressing the neck ; 
to suffocate ; to strangle. 2. To stop by filling ; to ob- 
struct ; to block up. 3. To hinder by obstruction or im- 
pediments ; to hinder or check growth, expansion, or 
progress. 4. To smother or suffocate, as fire. 5. To sup- 
press or stifle. Shak. 6. To offend ; to cause to take an 
exception. 

CHOKE, V. i 1. To have the windpipe stopped. 2. To 
be offended •, to take exceptions. 

CHOKE, n. The filamentous or capillary part of the arti-, 

CHoKE'-CHER-RY, n. The popular name of a species of 
wild cherry, remarkable for its astringent qualities. 

CHOKED, pp. Suffocated ; strangled ; obstructed by filling •, 
stifled ; suppressed ; smothered. 

CHOKE'-FULL, a. Full as possible ; quite full. 

CHoKE'-PEAR, n. 1. A kind of pear that has a rough, as- 
tringent taste, and is swallowed with difficulty. 2. An 
aspersion or sarcasm by which a person is put to silence ; 
[a low term.'\ 

CHoK'ER, n. One that chokes another ; one that puts an- 
other to silence ; that which cannot be answered. 

CHoKE'-WEED, n. A plant so called. 

CHOK' Y, a. That tends to suffocate, or has power to suffo- 
cate. 

CHOL'A-GOGUE, (kol'a-gog) n. [Gr. xo^vyayos.'] A medi- 
cine that has the specific quality of evacuating the bile. 

enOL'ERjW. [L.c7toZera.] 1. The bile. 2. Anger ; wrath ; 
irritation of the passions. — Cholera morbus, a sudden 
evacuation of bile, both upwards and downwards. 

CHOL'ER-I€, a. 1. Abounding with choler. 2. Easily irri- 
tated 5 irascible •, inclined to anger. 3. Angry : indicat- 
ing anger ; excited by anger. 

CHOL'ER-IC-NESS, n. Irascibility ; anger ; peevishness. 

CHO-LES'TER-IC, a. Pertaining to cholesterine, or obtain- 
ed from it. 

CHO-LES'TER-INE, ) n. [Gr. voXj? and CTepeos.] The 

CHO-LES'TER-IN, \ pearly or crystaline substance of 
human biliary calculi. 

CHOL-I-AM'BIC, n. [L. choliambL] A verse iji poetry hav- 
ing an iambic foot in the fifth place, and a spondee in the 
sixth or last. 

CHON'DRO-DITE, n. A mineral, called also brucite. 

CHOOSE, V. t.; pret. chose ; pp. chosen, chose. [Sax. ceosan ,• 
D. kiezen.] 1. To pick out ; to select ; to take by way 
of preference from two or more things offered ; to make 
choice of. 2. To take in preference. 3. To preftr ; to 
choose for imitation ; to follow. 4. To elect for eternal 
happiness ; to predestinate to life. 5. To elect or desig- 
nate to office or employment by votes or suffrages. 

CHOOSE, V. i. 1. To prefer ; as, I choose to go. 2. To 
have the power of choice. 

CIIOOS'ER, n. He that chooses ; he that has the power or 
right of choosing ; an elector. 

CilOOS'ING, ppr. Selecting ; taking in preference : elect- 
ing. 

CHOOS'ING, n. Choice 5 election. 

CHOP, V. t. [G. and D. kappcn.] 1. To cut offer separate, 
by strikmg with a sharp instrument, either by a single 
blow or by repeated blows. 2. To cut into small pieces ; 
to mmce. 3. To grind and mince with the teeth ; to de- 
vour eagerly ; with up. 4. To break or open into chinks 
or fissures ; to crack ; to chap. See Chap. 
tCHOP, V. i. 1. To catch or attempt to seize with the 
mouth. 2. To light or fall on suddenly .—T-o chop in, to 
become modish. — To chop out, to give vent to. 

CllOV,v.t. [Sax. ceapian, cypan.] 1. To buy, or rather to 
barter, truck, exchange. 2. To exchange : to put one 
thing in the place of another. 3. To bandy : to alter- 
cate ; to return one word or thing for another. 



CHOP, V. i. To turn, vary, change or shift suddenly 

CHOP, w. 1. A piece chopped off; a small piece of meat. 
2. A crack or cleft. 3. The chap ; the jaw : plu. the 
jaws ; the mouth ; the sides of a river's mouth or chan- 
nel. See Chap. 

CHOP'-CHURCH, n. An exchange or an exchanger of ben 
efices. 

CHOP'-FAL-LEN, a. Dejected ; dispirited. 

CHOP'-HOUSE, n. A house where provision ready dressed 
is sold 

* CHOP'IN, n. [Fr. chopine.] A liquid measure in France 
In Scotland, a quart of wine measure. 

CHOPPED, pp. Cut ; minced. 

CHOP'PER, 71. A butcher's cleaver. 

CHOP'PING, ppr. Cutting ; mincing ; buying ; bartering. 

CHOP'PING, a. Stout •, lusty ; plump. 

CHOP'PING, 71. [Sp. chapin.] 1. A high-heeled shoe, worn 
by ladies in Italy. [See Chioppine.] 2. A cutting ; a 
mincing ; from chop. 

CHOP'PING-BLOCK, n. A block on which any thing is laid 
to be chopped. 

CHOP'PING-KNIFE, n. A knife for mincing meat. 

CHOP'PY, a. Full of clefts or cracks. 

CHOPS. See Chop. 

ICHO-Ra'GUS, 71. [L.] The superintendent of the ancient 
chorus. 

CHO'RAL, a. [from cAorM5.] 1. Belonging to or composing 
a choir or concert. 2. Singing in a choir. 

CHO'RAL-LY, adv. In the manner of a chorus. 

CHORD,?*. [L. chorda.] 1. The string of a musical instni- 
ment. — 2. In music, the union of two or more sounds ut- 
tered at the same time, forming an entire harmony. — 3. 
In geometry, a. right line drawn or supposed to extend 
from one end of an arch of a circle to the other. 

CHORD, V. t. To string. Dryden. 

CHOR-DEE', n. In medicine dnd surgery, an inflammatory 
or spasmodic contraction of the franum. 

CHORE, (tshore) n. [Eng. char.] In America, this word 
denotes small work of a domestic kind, as distinguished 
from the principal work of the day. See Char. 

CHOR-E-PIS'CO-PAL, a. [Gr. x'^90s and cirto-KOTTo? .] Per- 
taining to the power of a suffragan, or local bishop. 

t CHOR^E-PIS'CO-PUS, 71. A suftragan, or local bishop. 

€HO-Re'US, n. [Gr. ;\;op£io?.] In ancient poetry, a foot of 
two syllables, the first long, and the second short ; the 
trochee. 

CHOR'I-AMB, or €HOR-I-AM'BUS, n. [Gr. ^og^iog and 
ia\jL^o? ] In ancient poetry, a foot consisting of four sylla- 
bles, of which the first and last are long, and the others 
short. 

CHOR-I-AM'BI€, n. A choriamb. 

€HOR-I-AM'BIC, a. Pertaining to a choriamb. Mason. 

CHo'RI-ON, n. [Gr. x^9'-°'"^ ^r ;!^wp£ov.] In anatomy, the 
exterior membrane which invests the fetus in titcro. 

CHo'RIST, 71. [Fr. choiiste.] A singing man in a choir. 

* CHOR'IS-1'ER, n. 1. Literally, a singer ; one of a choir ; 
a singer in a concert. 2. One who leads a choir in church 
music. This is the sense in the United States. 

€HO-ROG'RA-PHER, n. A person who describes a particu- 
lar region or country ; or one who forms a map of partic- 
ular countries. 

CHOR-O-GRAPH'I-CAL, a. Pertaining to chorography ; 
descriptive of particular regions or countries -, laying down 
or marking the bounds of particular countries. 

CHOR-0-GRAPH'I-CAL-LY, adv. In a chorographical man- 
ner ; in a manner descriptive of particular regions. 

€HO-ROG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. %wpof.] The art or practice of 
making a map of a particular region, country, or province •, 
or of marking its limits, bounds or position. 

CHo'ROID, 71. [Gr. x'^9'-°'^ ^^^ ti^og.] In anatomy, a term 
applied to several parts of the body that resemble the cho- 
rion, 

CHo'RUS, 71. {1,. chorus.] 1. A number of singers ; a com- 
pany of persons singing in concert. 2. The persons who 
are supposed to behold what passes in the acts of a trage- 
dy, and sing their sentiments between the acts. 3, The 
song between the acts of a tragedy. 4. Verses of a song 
in which the company join the singer ; or the union of a 
company with a singer, in repeating certain couplets or 
verses, at certain periods in a song. ,5. A musical com- 
position of two or more parts. 6. Among the Greeks, a 

_ clionis consisted of a number of singers and dancers. 

CHoSE, 71. [Fr. chose ; Sp, cosa.] In law, property in ac- 
tion ; a right to possession. 

CUQSE, pret. nnApp. of choose. 

CHo'SEN, (cho'zn) pp. 1. Selected from a number ; picked 
- out •, taken in preference ; elected ; predestinated ; des 
ignated to office. 2. a. Select ; distinguished by prefer 
ence ; eminent. 

CHOUGH, (chuff) n. [Fr. choucas.] The Cornish chough 13 
a fov>'I of the genus corvus 

CHOULE. See Jowl. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, PQOK, DOVE •,-Bl.ILL, UNITE.-C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; Fli as in thv,. f Obsolete 



CHR 



144 



CHU 



CHOUSE, V. t. To cheat, trick, defraud. [It is vulirar.^ 

SlDift. " ^ 

CHOUSE, 71. One who is easily cheated ; a tool ; a simple- 
ton. A trick ; sham ; imposition. 

CHOUSED, pp. Cheated ; defrauded ; imposed on. 

CHOUS'ING, ppr. Cheating ; imposing on. 

CHOW DER, n. In JVew Engla-nd, a dish of fish boiled with 
biscuit, &c. 

CHOWDER, V. t. To make a chowder. 

CHOWTER, t;. i. To grumble like a frog or a froward 
child. Phillips 

CHRISM, 71. [Gr. ;!^ptcr//a.] Unguent ; unction ; consecrat- 
ed oil used in sacred ceremonies. 

CHRIS'MAL, a. Pertaining to chrism. Brevint. 

CHRIS-Ma'TION, 71. The act of applying the chrism, or 
consecrated oil. 

CHRIS'MA-TO-RY, n. A vessel to hold the oil for chrism. 

CHRIS'OM, n. [See Chrism.] A child that dies withm a 
month after its birth ; so called from the chrisom-cloth. 
Also, the cloth itself. 

CHRIST, 71. [Gr. ypio-ro?.] The Anointed: an appella- 
tion given to the Savior of the world, and synonymous 
with the Hebrew Messiah. 

CHRIST-CROSS-RoW, (kris-kros-ro) n. An old term for 
the alphabet, probably from the cross usually set before 
it. Whitlock. 

CHRIS'TEN, (kris'sn) T. «. [Sax. Cristnian.] I. To baptize, 
or rather to baptize and name •, to initiate into the visible 
church of Chiist by the application of water. 2. To 
name ; to denominate. 

CHRIS'TEN-DOM, (kris'sn-dum) n. [Sax. Cristcndom.] 1. 
The territories, countries or regions inhabited by Chris- 
tians, or those who profess to believe in the Christian re- 
ligion. 2. The whole body of Christians. 3. Christian- 
ity ; the Christian religion ; [unus7ial.] 

CHRISTENED, (kris'snd) pp. Baptized and named ; ini- 
tiated into Christianity. 

CHRIS'TEN-ING, ;)i7r. Baptizing and naming. 

CIISIS'TEN-ING, n. The act or ceremony of baptizing and 
naming ; initiation into the Christian religion. 

CHRIST'IAN, (krist'yan) 71. [Gr. ;^j3t(7rjavoj ; L. Christia- 
nus.] 1. A believer in the religion of Christ. 2. A pro- 
fessor of his belief in the religion of Christ. 3. A real 
disciple of Christ ; a believer in Christ who is character- 
ized by real piety. — 4. In a general sense, the word Chris- 
tians includes ail who are born in a Cliristian country, or 
of Christian parents. 

CHRIST'IAN, a. Pertaining to Christ, taught by him, or 
received from him. 2. Professing the religion of Christ. 
3. Belonging to the religion of Christ ; relating to Christ, 
or to his doctrines, precepts and example. 4. Pertaining 
to the church •, ecclesiastical. 

t CHRIST'LIN, V. t. To baptize. Fulke. 

CHRIST'IAN-ISM, n. [Gr. xP^'^'^'-^'^^'^l^os.] 1. The Chris- 
tian religion. 2. The nations professing Christianity. 

CHRIST'IAN-ITE, n. Vesuvian mineral. 

CHRIST-IAN'I-TY, n. The religion of Christians ; or the 
system of doctrines and precepts taught by Christ, and re- 
corded by the evangelists and apostles. 

€HRIST-IAN-I-Za'TION, n. The act of Christianizing , a 
icord sometimes iised in America. 

CHRIST'IAN-lZE, v. t. To make Christian ; to convert to 
Christianity. 

CHRIST'IAN-LIKE, a. Becoming a Christian. 

€HRiST'IAN-LY, adv. In a Christian manner 5 in a man- 
ner becoming the principles of the Christian religion, or 
the profession of that religion. 

CHRfST'IAN-NAME, n. The name given in baptism, as 
distinct from the gentilitious or surname. 

CHRIST'IAN-NESS, n. The profession of Christianity. 
Hammond. 

tCHRIST'IAN-OG'RA-PHY, n. A description of Christian 
nations. 

CHRIST'MAS, 7!. [CAmt and viass ; Sax.ma;ssa; T). kers- 
viis.] 1. The festival of the Christian church, observed 
aimually on the 25th day of December, in memory of the 
birth of Christ. 2. Christmas-day. 

CHRIST'MAS-BOX, n- I. A box in which little presents are 
deposited at Christmas. 2. A present made at Christmas. 

CHIllST'M AS-DAY, n. The 25th day of December. 

f.iiRlST'MAS-FLOVV-ER, n. Hellebore. 

ClIRIST'MAS-ROSE, n. A plant of the genus helleborus. 

CliaiST'S-THORN, n. The rhamnus paliurus. 

CHRO-AS'TA-CES, n. [Gr. XP°"-'\ I" natural history, a 
genus of pellucid gems. 

CHRo'MATE, n. A salt or compound formed by the chro- 
mic acid with a base. 

CHRO-MAT'IC, a. [Gr. xP'^l^artKos.] 1. Relating to col- 
or. 2. Noting a particular species of music, which pro- 
ceeds by several semitones in succession. 

CHRO-MAT'IC, 71. A kind of music that proceeds by sev- 
eral consecutive semitones. 

CHRO-MAT'I-CAL-LY, adv. In the chromatic manner. 



CHRO-MAT'ieS, 71. The science of colors. 

CHROftlE, 71. [Gr. ;!^pa)//a.] A metal consisting of a porous 
mass of agglutinated grains. 

CHRo'MIC, a. Pertaining to clu-ome.—CAroTwic 7/eZZow,tlie 
aitiflcial cliromate of lead, a beautiful pigment 

CHRON'IC, ) a. [Fr. chrunique.] Continuing a long 

CHRON'I-CAL, j time, as a disease. A chronic disease 
is one which is inveterate or of long continuance, in dis- 
tinction from an acute disease, which speedily termi- 
nates. 

CHRON'I-CLE, 71. 1. A historical account of facts or events 
disposed in the order of time. — 2. In a more general sense, 
a history. 3. That which contains history. — 4. Chroni- 
cles, phi. Two books of the Old Testament. 

CHRON'I-CLE, V. t. To record in history, or chronicle ; to 
record : to register. 

CHRON'I-CLER, 71. A writer of a chronicle ; a recorder 
of events m the order of time ; a historian. 

CHRON'iaUE, (kron'ik) n. A chronicle. Addison 

CHRON'0-GRAM, n. [Gr. XF^'°S ^^^ yP^W"-] ^^ in- 
scription in which a certain date or epoch is expressed by 
numeral letters ; as in the motto of a medal struck by 
Gustavus Adolplius, m 1632. 

ChrlstVs DVX ; ergo trIVMphVs. 

CHRON-O-GRAM-MAT'IC, ) a. Belonging to a chron- 

CHRON-0-GRAM-MAT'I-CAL, \ ogram, or contamuig 
one. 

CHRON-O-GRAIM'MA-TIST, n. A writer of chronograms. 

CHRO-NOG'RA-PHER, n. [Gr. xpovos and ypa<pu}.] One 
who writes concerning time or the events of time 5 a 
chronologer. 

CHRO-NOG'RA-PHY, 71. The description of tune past. 
[Little used.] 

CHRO-NOL'0-GER, or CHRO-NOL'O-GIST, n. 1. A per- 
son who attempts to discover the true dates of past events* 
and transactions, and to arrange them under their proijer 
years. 2. One who studies chronology, or is versed in 
the science. 

CHR0N-0-L06'ie, ) a. Relating to chronology •, con- 

CHRON-O-LOG'I-CAL, ) taining an account of events m 
the order of time ; according to the order of time. 

CHR0N-0-L06'I-CAL-LY, adv. In a chronological man- 
ner ; in a manner according with the order of time, the 
series of events, or rules of chronology. 

CHRO-NOL'0-6Y, 71. [Gr. pj^povoXoyta.] The science of 
time ; the method of measuring, or computing time by 
regular divisions or periods, according to the revolutions 
of the sun or moon, of ascertaining the true periods or 
yeai-s when past events or transactions took place, and 
arranging them in their proper order accorduig to their 
dates. A. Holmes. 

CHRO-NOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. ;^povos and Mtrpoj/.] Any in- 
strument that measures time, or that divides time into 
equal portions, or that is used for that purpose, as a clock, 
watch or dial ; particularly an instrument that measures 
time with great exactness. Chronoscope is now rarely 
used. 

CHRYS'A-LID. See Chrtsalis. 

CHRYS'A-LIS, n. [L. chrysalis ; Gr. ;^pv<raXAtf.] The par- 
ticular form wiiich butterflies, moths, and some other in- 
sects assume, before they arrive at their winged or perfect 
state. 

€HRYS'0-BER-YL, 71. [Gr-xpviyog and PripvXXiov.] A sili- 
ceous gem. of a dilute yellowish-green color. 

CHRYfe'0-COL-LA, 7?. [Gr. xpv(roKo\\a.] Carbonate of 
copper, of two subspecies. 

CHRYS'O-LlTE, n. [Gr. %pu(7oj and Xi0oj.] A mineral. 

CHRYS'O-PRASE, 7J. [Gr. x.p'J(^oTrpa(Tos.] A mineral, asub 
species of quartz. 

CHUB, n. A river fish, called also cheven, of the genus cy~ 
priims. 

CHUE'lIf ' i "• ^'^^ ^ ^^^^ 5 short and thick. 
CHUB' Faced, a. Having a plump, round face. 
CHUCK, V. i. To make the noise of a hen or partridge 

when she calls her chickens. 
CHUCK, V. t. To call, as a nen her chickens. 
CHUCK, 77. i. To jeer; to laugh. See Chuckle. 
CHUCK, V. t. [Fr. choquer.} 1. To strike, or give a gentle 

blow. 2. To throw, with quick motion, a short distance ; 

to pitch; [vulgar.] 
CHUCK, 7i. 1. The voice or call of a hen. 2. A sudden 

small noise. 3. A word of endearment, corrupted from 

chirk, chicken. 
CHUCX^-FAR-THING, n. A play in which a farthing in 

pitched into a hole. 
CHUCKLE, V. t. 1. To call, as a hen her chickens. 2. 

To fondle ; to cocker. 
CHUC'KLE, V. i. [Ch. *]in, chuk.] To laugh heartily, 01 

convulsively ; to shake with laughter, or to burst into fits 

of laughter. 
CHUCKLE-HEAD, n. A vulgar word in America, denot- 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tj, Y, long.— F KB., FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



CHU 



145 



CID 



mg a person with a large head, a dunce. Bailey says, a 
rattliug, noisy, empty fellow. 

\ CHUD, V. t. To champ ; to bite. Stafford. 

CHU'ET, n. Forced meat. Bacon. 

CHUFF, 71. A clown ; a coarse, heavy, dull or surly fel- 
low. 

CHUFF 1-LY, adv. In a rough, surly manner ; clown- 
ishlv. 

CHUFF'I-NESS, n. Surliness. 

CHUFF'Y, a. Blunt ; clownish ; surly ; angry ; stomach- 
ful. In JVew England, this word expresses that displeas- 
ure which causes a sweDing or surly look and grimibling, 
rather than heat and violent expressions of anger. 

OH UK, n. A word used in calling swine. 

CHUM, 71. [Arm. chomm.] A chamber-fellow ; one who 
lodges or resides in the same room ; a word used in col- 
leges. 

CHUM, V. i. [from the noun.] To occupy a chamber with 
another 3 used in American colleges. 

CHUMP, 71. A short, thick, heavy piece of wood, less than 
a block. Johnson. 

CHU^K, 71 A short, thick block, or bit of wood ; a collo- 
quial word in America. 

CHUECH, 71. [Sax. circe, circ, or cyric ; Scots, itzVA:.] 1. 
A house consecrated to the worship of God, among Chris- 
tians ; the Lord's house. 2. The collective body of Chris- 
tians, or of those who profess to believe in Christ. In 
this sense, the church is sometimes called the catholic or 
universal church. 3. A particular number of Christians, 
united under one form of ecclesiastical government, in 
one creed, and using the same ritual and ceremonies. 4. 
The followers of Christ in a particular city or province. 
5. The disciples of Christ assembled for worship in a par- 
ticular place, as in a private house. 6. The worshipers 
of Jehovah, or the true God, before the advent of Christ. 
7. The body of clergy, or ecclesiastics, in distinction from 
the laity. Hence, ecclesiastical authority. 8. An assem- 
bly of sacred rulers, convened in Christ's name, to exe- 
cute his laws. 9. The collective body of Christians, who 
have made a public profession of the Christian religion, 
and who are united under the same pastor, in distinc- 
tion from those who belong to the same parish, or ec- 
clesiastical society, but have made no profession of their 
faith. 

CHURCH, V. t. To perform with any one the office of re- 
turning thanks in the church, after any signal deliver- 
ance, as from the danger of childbirth. 

CHURCH'- ALE, n. A wake or feast commemoratory of the 
dedication of the church. 

CHURCH'-AT-TiRE', n. The habit in which men officiate 
in divine service. 

CHURCH'-AU-THOR'I-TY, n. Ecclesiastical power ; spur- 
itual jurisdiction. 

CHURCH'-BENCH, n. The seat in the porch of a church. 

CHURCH'-BU-RI-AL, n. Burial according to the rites of the 
church. 

CHURCH -DISCI-PLlNE, n. Discipline of the church, in- 
tended to correct the offenses of its members. 

CHURCH'DOM, n. The government or authority of the 
church. 

CHURCH'-FOUND-ER, n. He that builds or endows a 
church. Hooker. 

CHURCH'-HIST'O-RY, n. History of the Christian church ; 
ecclesiastical history. 

CHURCH'ING, 71. The act of offering thanks in church af- 
ter childbirth. 

CHURCH'-LAND, n. Land belonging to a church. 

CHURCH'LIKE, a. Becoming the church. 

CHURCHMAN, 71. 1. An ecclesiastic or clergyman ; one 
wb.o ministers in sacred things. 2. An Episcopalian, as 
distinguished from aPresbj'terian or Congregationalist, &c. 

CHURCH' -MEM'BER, n. A member in communion with a 
church ; a professor of religion. 

CHURCH'-MU'SIC, n. 1. The service of singing or chant- 
ing in a church. 2. Music suited to church service. 

CHURCH-PRE-FER'MENT, n. Benefice in the church. 

CHURCH'SHIP, n. Institution of the church, , 

CHURCH -WAR'DEN, n. A keeper or guardian of the 
church, and a representative of the parish. 

CHURCH'-WAY, n. The way, street or road that leads to 
the church. 

CHURCH'-WoRK, n. Work carried on slowly. 

CHURCH'-YARD, 71. The ground adjoining to a church, in 
which the dead are buried ; a cemetery. 

CHURL, 71. [Sax. ceorl.] 1. A rude, surly, ill-bred man. 
2. A rustic ; a countryman, or laborer. 3. A miser ; a 
niggard. 

CHURLISH, a. 1. Rude ; surly ; austere ; sullen ; rough 
in temper ; unfeeling ; uncivil. 2. Selfish ; narrow-mind- 
ed ; avaricious. 3. Unpliant ; imyielduig ; cross-grained ; 
harsh ; unmanageable. 4. Hard ; firm. 5. Obstinate. 

CHURL'ISH-LY, adv Rudely ; roughly ; in a churlish 
manner. 

CHURL'ISH-NESS, n Rudeness of manners or temper ; 



sullenness ; austerity ; indisposition to kindness or cour- 
tesy. 
CHURLY", a. Rude ; boisterous. 
fCHURME, or CHiRM, 7i. [Sax. cyrm.] Noise ; clamor, or 

confused noise. Bacon. 
CHURN, n. [Sax, ciern.] A vessel in which cream or milk 

is agitated for separating the oily part from the caseous 

and serous parts, to make butter. 
CHURN, V. t. 1. To stir or agitate cream for making butter 

2. To shake or agitate with violence or continued motion, 

as in the operation of making butter. 
CHURNED, pp. Agitated 5 made into butter. 
CHURN'ING, ppr. Agitating to make butter ; shaking ; 

stirring. 
CHURN'ING, 71. 1. The operation of making butter from 

cream by agitation ; a shaking or stirring. 2. As much 

butter as is made at one operation. 
CHURN'-STAFF, 71. The staff or mstrument used in churn- 
ing. 
CnURR'WoRM, 71. [Sax. cyrran.] An insect that turns 

about nimbly, called also afancricket. 
CHUSE. See Choose. 
CHu SITE, 71. A yellowish mineral. 
CHY-La CEOUS, a. Belonging to chyle ; consisting of 

chyle. 
CHYLE, 71. [Gr. ^uXoj.] In a7U7naZ 6o<Zies, a white or milky 

fluid, separated from aliments by means of digestion. 
CHYL-I-F ACTION, n. [chyle, and L./acio,] The act or 

process by which chyle is formed from food in animal 

bodies. 
CHYL-I-F AC'TI\T:, a. Forming or changing into chyle ; 

having the power to make chvle. 
tCHYL-I-FI-CA'TO-RY, a. Making chyle, 
CHY-LIFER-OUS, a. [L. chylus and fero.] Bearing or 

transmitting chyle. 
€HY-LO-PO-ET'IC, a. [Gr. %uXoj and irouo).] Chylifac- 

tive ; having the power to change into chyle ; making 

chyle, 
CHY'LOUS, a. Consisting of chyle, or partaking of it, 
CHYME, 77. [Gr. ^vjjlos,] That particular modification which 

food assumes after it has undergone the action of the 

stomach. 
CHYM'IC, CHYM'IST, CHYMIS-TRY. See Chemicai,, 

Chemist, Chemistrt. 
CHYM-I-FI-Ca'TION, 71. The process of becoming or being 

formed into chyle. 
CHYM I-FY, v. [L. chymus and facio.] To form or become 

chToie. 
CI-B"a RI-OUS, a. [L. cibarius.] Pertaining to food ; use- 
ful for food ; edible. 
CIB'OL, n. [Fr, ciboule : L. cepula.] A sort of small onion. 
CI-Ca'DA, 7). [L.] The frog-hopper, or flea-locust. 
CIC'A-TRIC-LE, 71. [L. cicatricula.] The gerrainatmg or 

fetal point in the embryo of a seed or the velk of an ess. 
CIC'A-TRI-SIVE, a. Tending to promote the foimation of 

CIC'A-TRIX, or CIC'A-TRlCE, 71, [L, cicatrix ; Fr, cica- 
trice.] A scar ; a little seam or elevation of flesh remain- 
ing artera wound or ulcer is healed. 

CIC'A-TRi-ZANT, ti. A medicine or application that pro- 
motes the formation of a cicatrix. 

CIC-A-TRI-Za'TION, 71. The process of healing or forming 
a cicatrix ; or the state of being healed, cicatrized, or 
skinned over. 

CIC'A-TRiZE, V. t. To heal, or induce the formation of a 
cicatrix in wounded or ulcerated flesh ; or to apply medi- 
cines for that purpose. 

CIC'A-TRiZE, V. i. To heal or be healed ; to skin over ; as, 
wounded flesh cicatrizes. 

CIC A-TPilZED, pp. Healed, as wounded flesh ; having a 
cicatrix formed. 

CIC'A-TRlZ-ING, ppr. Healing ; skinning over ; forming 
a cicatrix. 

CIC'E-LY, n. A plant, a species of charophyllum 

CIC-E-RoNE, 7!. [from Cicero.] A guide; one who ex- 
plains curiosities. Addison. 

CIC-E-RoNI-AN, a. Resembling Cicero. 

CIC-E-Ro'NI-AN-ISM, n. Imitation or resemblance. of the 
stvle or action of Cicero. 

CI-CHO-Ra'CEOUS, a. [from L. cichorium.] Having the 
qualities of succory. 

CICHPeASE, (chik'peez) n. A plant. 

CIC-IS-Be'ISM, 71. The practice of dangling about females 

CIC-IS-BE'O, 77. [It.J A dangler about females. Smollett. 

CICTJ-RATE, ©. t. [L. cicuro.] To tame ; to reclaim from 
.wildness. [Little used.] 

CIC-U-Ra'TION, 71. The act of taming wild animals. [L. u.] 

CI-Cu'TA, 71. [L. cicuta.] Water-hemlock, a plant whose 
root is poisonous. 

CID, 71. [Sp.] A chief; a commander. 

CI'DER,n. [Fr. cidre,OTsidre.] Thejuice of apples expressed, 
a liquor used for drink. The word was formerly used to 
signify also other strong liquors. 



* See Sifnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ; 



-BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH , TH as in this, f Obsoleta . 



CIR 



146 



CIR 



CI'DER-IST, M. A maker of cider. Mortimer. 

Ci'DER-KIN, n. The liquor made- of the gross matter of 
apples, after the cider is pressed out. 

CIeL'ING. SeeOEiLiNG. 

CIeKGE, 71, [Fr.] A candle carried in processions. 

CI-GAR', 71. [Sp.cigarro.] A small roll of tobacco, so fonned 
as to be tubular, used for smoking. 

CIL'IA-RY, a. [L. cilium.] Belonging to the eyelids. 

CIL'IA-TED, a. In botany, furnished or surrounded with 
parallel filaments, or bristles, resembling the hairs of the 
eye-lids. 

CI-Li"CIOUS, a. Made or consisting of hair. 

Ci'MA. See Cyma, 

CIMAR. See Chimere, and Simar. 

CIM'BAL, n. [It. ciambella.] A kind of cake. 

CIM'BRI€, a. Pertaining to the Cimbri. 

CIM'BRie, 71. The language of the Cimbri. 

tCI-MEL'I-AR€H, n. Tlie chief keeper of the things of 
value belonging to a chmxh. Diet. 

CIM'ISS, 71. [L. cimex.] The bug. 

CIM'I-TER, n. [Fr. cimiterre ; Sp. and Port, cimitarra ; It. 
scimitarra.] A short sword with a convex edge or recur- 
vatedj)oint, used by the Persians and Turks. 

CIM-Me'RI-A_N, a. Pertaining to Cimmerium. 

CIM'0-LlTE, 71. [Gr. KiixoXia.] A species of clay, used by 
the ancients as a remedy for erysipelas and other in- 
flammations. 

CIN-€Ho'NA, 71. The Peruvian bark, guinquhia. 

OrN€T'URE, 71. [L. cinctura.] I. A belt, a gu'dle, or some- 
thing worn round the body. 2. That which encompasses, 
or incloses. — 3. In architectiire, a ring or list at the top 
and bottom of a coiumn, separating the shaft at one end 
from the base ; at the other, from the capital. 

CIN'DER, n. chiefly used in the plu., cinders. [F^. cendre.] 
1. Small coals or particles of fire mixed with ashes ; em- 
bers. 2. Small particles of matter, remaining after com- 
bustion, in which fire is extinct, 

CIN'DER-WENCH, ) n. A woman whose business is to 

CIN'DER-WOM'AN, \ rake into heaps of ashes for cinders. 

CIN-ER-A'TION, n. The reducing of any thing to ashes by 
combustion, 

CIN-E RE-OUS, a. [L, cinereus.] Like ashes ; having the 
color of the ashes of wood, 

CIiNf-E-Ri"TIOUS, a. [L. cincricius.\ Having the color or 
consistence of ashes. 

CIN-ER'U-LENT, a. Full of ashes, 

CIN'GLE, 71, [L. cingulam.] A girth ; but the word is little 
used. See Surcingle. 

CIN'NA-BAR, 71, [Gr. Kivva(3apL ; L. cinnabaris.] Red sul- 
phuret of mercury, 

CIN'NA-BA-RINE, a. Pertaining to cinnabar; consisting 
of cinnabar, or containing it. 

OIN'NA-MON, 91, [Gr, Kivvajxov, or KivvaixwjjLOv ; L, cinna- 
momum.] The bark of two species of laurus. The true 
cinnamon is the inner bark of the laurus cinnamomum, a 
native of Ceylon, and is a most grateful aromatic, 

CINCtUE, (sink) 71. [Fr,, five.] A five ; a word used in 
games, 

CINaUE'-FOIL, 71, [Fr, cinque and feuille.] Five-leaved 
clover, a species of potentilla. 

CmaUS'-PACE, 71. [Fr, cinque and pas.] A kind of grave 
dance, 

CINaUE'-PoRTS, 71. [Fr, cinque, and ports.] Five havens 
on the eastern shore of England, towards France, viz, 
Hastings, Romney, Hythe, Dover and Sandwich. To 
these ports, Winchelsea, Rye and Seaford have been ad- 
ded, 

CINaUE'-^FOT-TED, a. Having five spots, SJiak. 

Cl'ON, 71. [!•': cion, or scion.] 1. A young shoot, twig or 
sprout of a tree, or plant, or rather the cutting of a twig, 
intended for ingraftnig on another stock 5 also, the shoot 
or slip inserted in a stock for propagation. 

CiTHER, 71, [Fr, chiffre.] 1. In anthmetic, an Arabian or 
Oriental character, of this form, 0, which, standing by it- 
self, expresses nothing, but increases or diminishes the 
v'llue of other figures, according to its position, 2, A 
ciiuracter in general. 3. An mtertexture of lettei-s, as 
1 he initials of a name ; a device; an enigmatical character. 
'f A secret or disguised manner of writing ; certain char- 
yclers arbitrarily invented and agreed on by two or more 
persons, to stand for letters or words, and understood only 
by the persons who invent, or agree to use them, 
Cl'PHER, V. i. In popular language, to use figures, or to 

practice aritlimetic, 
Cl'PHER, 7;, f- 1. To write in occult characters, 2, To des- 
ignate ; to characterize, 

CI'PHER-ING, ppr. I. Using figures, or practicing arithme- 
tic, 2, Writing in occult characters. 
Ci[P'0-LIN, 71, [qu. It, cipolla.] A green maible. 
CiR€._ See Circus. 
CtR-Ce'AN, a. Pertaining to Circe. 

CiR-CEN'SIAN, a. [L. circenses.] Pertaining to the circus, 
in Rome, 



CtR'CI-NAL, a. [L. circinus.] Rolled in spirally down- 
wards, the tip occupying the centre ; a term in foliation 
or leafing, as in ferns. 

CiR'CI-JMATE, V. t. [L. circino.] To make a circle ; to 
compass, ^ 

t CiR-CI-NA'TION, 71. An orbicular motion. 

CiR'CLE, 71, [Fr. cercle ; It. circolo ,• L, circulus.] 1. In 
geometry, a plane figure comprehended by a single curve 
line, called its circumference, every part of whicli is equal- 
ly distant from a point called the centre. — 2, In popular 
use, the line that comprehends the figure, the plane or 
surface comprehended, and the whole body or solid mat- 
ter of a round substance, are denominated a circle ; a 
ring ; an orb ; the earth, 3. Compass ; circuit ; a terri 
torial division, 4, An assembly surrounding the principnl 
person, 5, A series ending where it begins, and perpetu 
ally repeated ; a going round. 6. Circumlocution ; indi- 
rect form of words, — 7. In logic, an inconclusive form of 
argument, wlien the same terms are proved m orbem by 
the same terms, and the parts of the syllogism alternately 
by each other, directly and indirectly. 

CiR'CLE, V. t. 1. To move round ; to revolve round. 2. To 
encircle ; to encompass ; to surround ; to inclose. — 3. To 
circle in, to confine ; to keep together. 

CiR'CLE, V. i. To move circularly. 

CiR'CLED, pp. Surrounded ; encompassed ; inclosed 

CiR'CLED, a. Having the form of a circle ; round. 

CtR'CLER, 71. A mean poet, or circular poet, 

CiR'CLET, 71, A little circle ; a circle ; an orb. 

CIR'CLING, ppr. Surrounding ; gomg round ; inclosing, 

CiR'CLING, a. Cij-cular ; round, Milton. 

tClR'CLY, a. In the form of a circle, Huloet. 

CIR'CO-CeLE, 71. [Gr, Kpiaaos, or Kpicros, and ktiXt).] A va- 
rix, or dilatation of the spermatic vein ; a varicocele , 
hernia varicosa. 

CiR'CUIT, (sur'kit) 71. [Fr, circuit.] 1. The act of moving 
or passing round, 2, The space inclosed in a circle, or 
within certain limits, 3, Any space or extent measurea 
by traveling round, 4, That which encircles ; a i-ing ; d 
diadem, 5, The journey of judges for ine purpose of 
holding courts, 6. The counties or states in which the 
same judge or judges hold courts and administer justice, 
7, A long deduction of reason, — 8. In Zaw, a longer course 
of proceedings than is necessary to recover the thing sued 
for. 

CiR'CUIT, V. I. To move in a cnxle ; to go round, Philipa 

CiR'CUIT, V. t. To move or go round, Warton. 

CiR-CUIT-EER', 71, One that travels a circuit. Pope. 

CiR-CU-I"TION, 71, [L, circuitio.] The act of going round ; 
compass ; circumlocution, [Little iiscd.] Hooker. 

CtR-Cu'I-TOUS, (sur-ku'e-tus) a. Going round in a cir- 
cuit ; not direct, 

CiR-Cu'I-TOUS-LY, (sur-kG'e-tus-ly) adv. In a cir- 
cuit, 

CiR-Cu'I-TY, 71, A going round ; a course not direct, 

t CiR'CU-LA-BLE, a. That may be circulated, 

CiR'€U-LAR, a. [L, circularis.] 1. In the form of a circle ; 
round ; circumscribed by a circle ; spherical. 2. Succes- 
sive in order ; always returning, 3, Vulgar ; mean ; 
circumforaneous, Dennis. 4. Ending in itself ; used of a 
paralogism, where the second proposition at once proves 
the first, and is proved by it. 5, Addressed to a circle, or 
to a number of persons having a common interest.— 6. Cir- 
cular lines, such straight lines as are divided from tlie 
divisions made in the arch of a circle,— 7, Circular num- 
bers are those whose powers terminate in the roots them- 
selves ; as 5 and 6, whose squares are 25 and 36, — 8, Cir- 
cular sailing is the method of sailing by the arch of a 
great circle, 

CiR'CU-LAR, v. A circular letter, or paper. 

CiR-CU-LAR'I-TY, 71, A circular form, 

CiR'CU-LAR-LY, adv. In a circular manner ; in the form 
of a circle ; in the form of going and returning. 

|CiR'€U-LAR-LY, a. Ending in itself. Hooker 

CiR'CU-LATE, v. i. [Fr, circuler ; L. circulo.] 1. To move 
m a circle ; to move or pass round ; to move round, and 
return to the same point. 2. To pass from place to place, 
from person to person, or from hand to hand ; to be dif- 
fused. 3. To move round ; to run ; to flow in veins or 
channels, or in an inclosed place. 

CiR'CU-LATE, V. t. To cause to pass from place to place, 
or from person to person ; to put about ; to spread. 

CiR-€U-LA'TION, 71. 1. The act of moving round, or in a 
circle, or in a course which biings, or tends to bring, the 
moving body to the point where its motion began. 9. A 
series in which the same order is preserved, and things re- 
turn to the same state. 3. The act of going and returning, 
or of passing from place to place, or from pereon to person 
4. Cm-rency ; circulating coin, or notes or bills current for 
coin, — 5, In chemistry, circulation is an operation by 
which the same vapor, raised by fire, falls back to be re- 
turned and distilled several times. 

CiR-CU-LA-To'RI-OUS, a. Traveling in a circuit, or from 
house to house, [Little used ] 



* See Synopsis. X, E, T, 0, V, Y, long.— FaB., FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— 1 Obsolete. 



CIR 



147 



CIR 



CtR'CU-LA-TO-RY, a. 1. Circular. 2. Circulating. 

CtR'€U-LA-TO-RY, n. A chemical vessel. 

OlR-€UM-AM BI-EN-CY, n. [L. circwm and amlio.'] Tlie 
act of surrounding, or encompassing. 

Cill-€UM-AM'BI-ENT, a. Surrounding ; encompassing ; 
inclosing, or being on all sides ; used particularly of the 
air about the earth. 

CiR-€UM-AM'BU-LATE, v. i [L. circumambulo.] To walk 
round about. [Little used.] 

CiR-€UM-AM-BU-LA'TION, n. The act of walking round. 
[Little used.] 

Cik-€UM-CELL'ION, n. In church history^ a set of illite- 
rate peasants that adhered to the DonatistS in the fourth 
century. 

CiR'€UM-ClSE, V. t. [L. circumcido.] To cut oif the pre- 
puce or foreskin ; a ceremony or rite in the Jewish and 
Mohammedan religions. 

CiR'CUM-ClS-ER, n. One who performs circumcision. 

CiR-CUM-CIS'ION, n. The act of cutting off the prepuce or 
foreskin. 

t CiR-CUM-CUR-SATION, n. [L. circum and curso.] The 
act of running about. 

CiR-CUM-DQCT', v. t. [L. circumduco.] To contravene ; 
to nullify ; a term of civil law. [Little used.] 

CtR-€U]M-DUe'TION, n. 1. A leading about. [Little used.] 
2. An annuling J cancelation. [Little used.] 

"CtRCUM-FER, V. t. [L. circumfero.] To bear or carry 
round. Bacon. 

CiR-€UM FE-RENCE, n. [L. circumferentia.] 1. The line 
that bounds a circle ; the exterior line of a circular body ; 
the whole exterior surface of a round body ; a periphery. 
2. The space included in a circle. 3. An orb ; a circle ; 
any thmg circular or orbicular. 

tClR-eUM'FE-RENCE, v. t. To include in a cu-cular 
space. Brown. 

CiR-€UM-FE-REN'TIAL, a. Pertaining tr the circum- 
ference. Parkhurst. 

CiR-€UM-FE-REN'TOR, n. An instrument used by sur- 
veyors for taking angles. 

CiR'eUM-FLEX, n. [L. circumjlexus.] In grammar, an 
accent serving to note or distinguish a syllable of an in- 
termediate sound between acute and grave ; marked in 
Greek thus ". 

CiR'CUM-FLEX, v. t. To mark or pronounce with the ac- 
cent called a circumflex. 

CiR-€UM'FLU-ENCE, n. [L. circumfluens.] A flowing 
round on all sides : an inclosure of waters. 

CiR-€UM'FLU-ENT, a. Flowing round ; surrounding as a 
fluid. Pope. 

CiR-CUM'FLU-OUS, a. [L. circumfluus.] Flowing round ; 
encompassing as a fluid ; circumfluent. 

CiR-€UM-FO-RA'NE-AN, \ a. [L. circumfvraneus.] Go- 

CiR-€UM-FO-RA'NE-OUS, \ ing about ; walking or wan- 
dering from, house to house 

CiR-CUM-FuSE',^. t. [L. circumfusus.] 1. To pour round ; 
to spread round, as a fluid. 2. To spread round ; to sur- 
round. 

CiR-€UM-Fu'SILE, a. [1.. circum w.Afusilis.] That may 
be poured or spread round. 

CiR-CUM-Fu'SION, n. The act of pouring or spreading 
round ; the state of being poured round. 

CiR-eUM-GES-TA'TION, n. [L. circum and gestatio.] A 
carrying about. Taylor. 

CiR-€UM'GY-RATE, or CiR-€UM-GYRE', v. t. [L. cir- 
cum and gyrus.] To roll or turn round. [Little used.] 

CiR-€UM-6Y-RA'TlON, n. The act of turning, rolling or 
whirling round ; the turning of a hmb in its socket. 

t CiR-€UM-l''T10N, 71. [L. circumeo.] The act of going 
round. Diet. 

CiR-CUM-JA'CENT, a. [L. circumjacens.] Lying round ; 
bordering on every side. 

CiR-€UM-LI-GA'TION, n. [L. circumligo.] The act of 
binding round ; the bond with which any thing is en- 
compassed. 

CiR-€UM-LO-€u'TION, ?i. [lu. circ7imlocutio.] A circuit or 
compass of words ; a periphrase ; the use of a number of 
words to express an idea instead of a single term. 

CiR-€UM-LO€'U-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to circumlocution ; 
consisting or contained in a compass of words ; periphras- 
tic. 

CtR-€UM-MuR'ED, a. [L. circum and mums.] Walled 
round ; encompassed with a wall. 

CiR-€UM-NAV'I-GA-BLE, a. That may be sailed round. 
Ray. 

CiR-€UM-NAV'I-GATE, v. t. [L. circumnavigc] To sail 

round ; to pass round bv water. 
CiR-€UM-NAV-I-GA'TlbN, n. The act of sailing round. 
CtR-€UM-NAV'I-GA-TOR, n. One who sails round. 

CiR-€UM-PLI-€A'TION, n. [L. circtimplico.] A folding, 
winding or wrapping round ; or a state of being inwrap- 
ped. [Little used.] 
CiR-CUM-PO'LAR, a. About the pole. 
ClR-€UM-PO-Si"TION, n. The act of placing in a ckcle : 
or the state of being so placed. 



CiR-€UM-RA'SION, 71. [L. circumrasio.] The act of shav- 
ing or paring round. [Little used.] 

CiR-€UM-Ro'TA-RY, a. Turning, rolling or whirling 
round. Shenstone. 

CiR-€UM-RO-TA'TION, 71. [L. circum and rotatio.] The 
act of rolling or revolving round, as a wheel ; circumvo- 
lution ; the state of being whirled round. 

CiR-€UM-S€RlBE', v. t. [L. circumscribo.] 1. To inclose 
within a certain limit ; to limit, bound, confine. 2. To 
write round ^[little used.] 

CiR-€UM-S€RlB'ED, (sur-kum^skribd') pp. Drawn round, 
as a line ; limited ; confined. 

CiR-€UM-S€RlB'ING, ppr. Drawing a line round ; in- 
closing ; limiting ; confining. 

CiR-€UM-S€RIP'TI-BLE, a. That may be circumscribed 
or limited by bounds. 

CiR-CUM-SCRIPTION, n. 1. The line that limits ; limi 
tation ; bound ; confinement. — 2. In natural philosophy 
the termination or limits of a body. 3. A circular inscrip 
tion. 

CiR-€UM-S€RIP'TIVE, a. Defining the external form 
marking or inclosing the limits or superficies of a body. 

CiR-€UM-S€RIPTIVE-LY, adv. In a limited manner. 
Montagu. 

CiR'€UM-SPE€T, a. [L. circumspectus.] Cautious 5 pru- 
dent ; watchful on all sides. 

t CtR'€UM-SPE€T, v. t. To examine carefully 

CiR-€UM-SPE€'TION, n. [L. circumspectio.] Caution ; at 
tention to all the facts and circumstances of a case. 

CtR-€UM-SPE€'TIVE, a. Looking round every way; 
cautious: careful of consequences ; watchful of danger. 

CiR-€UM-SPE€'TIVE-LY, adv. Cautiously; vigilantly; 
heedfully ; with watchfulness to guard against danger. 

CiR'€UM-SPECT-LY, adv. Cautiously ; with watchfulness 
every way ; with attention to guaid against surprise or 
danger. 

CiR'€UM-SPE€T-NESS, n. Caution ; ckcumspection ; vig- 
ilance in guarding against evil from every quarter. 

CiR'CUM -STANCE, n. [L. circumstantia.] 1. Something 
attending, appendant, or relative to a fact, or case ; a 
particular thing, which, though not essential to an action, 
in some way affects it. 2. The adjuncts of a fact, which 
make it more or less criminal, or make an accusation 
more or less probable; accident ; sometliing adventitious; 
incident ; event. 3. Circumstances, in i>he plural, condi- 
tion, in regard to wordly estate ; state of property. 

t CiR'CUM-STANCE, v. t. To place in a particular situa- 
tion. Donne. 

CiR'CUM-STANCED, pp. or a. Placed in a particular man- 
ner, with regard to attending facts or incidents ; as, cir- 
cumstanced as we were, we could not escape. 

t CiR'CUM-STANT, a. Surrounding. 

t CiR-€UM-STAN'TIA-BLE, a. Capable of being circum- 
stantiated. Bp. Taylor. 

CiR-CUM-STAN'TIAL, a. 1. Attending ; relating to ; but 
not essential. 2. Consisting in or pertaining to circum- 
stances, or to particular incidents. 3. Incidental ; casual. 
4. Abounding with circumstances, or exhibiting all the 
circumstances ; minute ; particular. — 5. In law, circum- 
stantial evidence is that which is obtained from circum- 
stances, which necessarily or usually attend facts of a 
particular nature, from which arises presumption. 

CiR-CUM-STAN'TIAL, n. Circumstantials are things in- 
cident to the main subject. 

CiR-€UM-STAN-TIAL'I-TY n. 1. The appendage of cir- 
cumstances ; the state of any thing as modified by cir- 
cumstances. 2. Particularity in exhibiting circumstances • 
minuteness. 

CiR-€UM-STAN'TIAI -LY, adv. 1. According to circum- 
stances ; not essentially ; accidentally. 2. Minutely ; ex- 
actly ; in every circumstance or particular. 

CiR-€UM-STAN'TIATE, v.t. 1. To place ui particular 
circumstances. 2. To place in a particular condition witli 
regard to power or wealth. Swift. [This word is little 
used.] 

CIR-CUM-TER-Ra'NE-OUS, a. [L. circum and terra.] 
Around the earth. • 

CIR-CUM-VAL'LATE, v. t. To surround with a rampart. 
[Little used.] 

CiR-CUM-VAL-La'TION, 71.' [1.. circumvallo.] 1. In the 
art of war, a surrounding with a wall or rampart ; also a 
wall, rampart, or parapet with a trdnch, surrounding the 
camp of a besieging army. 2. The rampart, or fortifica- 
tion surrounding a besieged place. 

t CiR-CUM-VEC'TION, n. [L. circum and veho ] A carry- 
uig about. 

CiR-CUM-VENT', v. t. [L. circumvenio.] To gain advan 
tage over another, or to accomplish a purpose, by arts 
stratagem, or deception ; to deceive : to prevail over an- 
other by wiles or fraud ; to delude ; to unpose on. 

CiR-CUM-VENT'ED, pp. Deceived by craft or stratagem , 
deluded. 

CiR-CUM-VENT'ING, ppr. Deceiving; imposing on. 

CiR-CUM-VEN'TION, n. 1. The act of prevailmg over 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— B^LL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; THas in this, f Obsolete 



CIT 



148 - 



CIV 



another by arts, address, or fraud : deception ; fraud ; im- 
posture j delusion. 2. Preventioi; pjeoccupalion ; \obs.'\ 
Shak. 

CiR-€UM-VENT'IVE, a. Deceiving by artifices ; deluding. 

CiR-€UM-VEST', v. t. [L. circumvestio.} To cover round, 
as with a garment. Wotton. 

CiR-€UM-VO-LA'TION, n. [L. circumvolo.'] The act of 
flying round. [Little used.^ 

CiR-€UM-VO-Lu'TION, n. 1. The act of rolling round ; 
the state of being roUed ; also, the thing rolled round an- 
other. — 2. In architecture, the torv^ of the spiral line of 
the Ionic order. 

CtR-€UM-VOLVE', (sur-kum-volv') v.t. [L.circumvolvo.] 
To roll round ; to cause to revolve ; to put into a circular 
motion. 

CiR-€UM-VOLVE', v. i. To roll round ; to revolve. 

CiR-€UM-VOLV'ED, (sur-kum-volvd') pp. Rolled round ; 
moved in a circular manner. 

CiR-€UM-VOLV'ING, ppr. Rolling round ; revolving. 

CiR€'US, n.; plu. Circuses, [L.] 1. In antiquity, around or 
oval edifice, used for the exhibition of games and shows 
to the people. 2. The open area, or space inclosed, in 
which were exhibited games and shows. — 3. In modern 
times, a circular inclosure for the exhibition of feats of 
horsemanship. 

CiRL, n. An Italian bird about the size of a sparrow. 

CIR-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. cirrus and/ero.] Producing ten- 
drils or claspers, as a plant. 

CIR'ROUS, a. [L. cirrus.} Terminating in a cirrus, curl or 
tendril. 

CIS-ALP'IK^, a. [L. cis and M-pes.} On this side of the 
Alps, with ic'gard to Rome ; that is, on the south of the 
Alps j opposeu to transalpine. 

CIS'PA-DANE, a. [L. cis and Padus.} On this side of the 
Po, with regard tt> Rome ; that is, on the south side. 

CIS-SOID', n. [Gr. /ctu^oj and etJos.] A curve of the second 
order, invented by Dit^'-les. 

t CIS'SOR. See Cizar aiii Scissor. 

CIST, n. A case. See Ctsv, the proper orthography. 

CIST'ED, ft. Inclosed in a cyst. See Cysted. 

CIS-TER'CIAN, 71. [Cisteaux.'] A monk, a reformed Bene- 
dictine. 

CIS'TERN, n. [L. cistema.} I. An artificial reservoir or 
receptacle for holding water, beer or other liquor, ^ls in 
domestic uses, distilleries and breweries. 2. A natural 
reservoir ; a hollow place containing water ; as a fountain 
or lake. 

CIST'IC See Cystic. 

CIST'US, n. [Gr. Kiarog.] The rock-rose. Encyc. 

CIT, 71. [contracted fi-om citizen.'] A citizen, in a low sense ; 
an inhabitant of a city ; a pert townsman ; a pragmatical 
trader. Pope. 

GIT'A-DEL, n. [Fr. citadelle ; It. cittadella.] A fortress or 
castle, in or near a city, intended for its defense j a place 
of arms. 

Ct'TAL, m. I. Reproof; impeachment; [little used.] Shak. 
2. Summons; citation; quotation; [little used.] 

CI-Ta''TION, 7i. [L. citatio.] 1. A summons ; an official 
call or notice, given to a person, to appear in a court. 

2. Qtuotation ; the act of citing a passage from a book. 

3. Enumeration; mention. 

Cl'TA-TO-RY, a. Citing; calling; having the power or 
form of citation. 

CITE, V. t. [L. cito.] 1. To call upon officially, or authori- 
tatively ; to summon ; to give legal or official notice, as to 
a defendant to appear in court. 2. To enjoin ; to direct ; 
to summon ; to order or urge. 3. To quote ; to name or 
repeat, as a passage or the words of another, either from a 
book or from verbal communication. 4. To call or name, 
_in support, proof or confirmation. 

CiT'ER, n. 1. One who cites or summons into court. 2. 
One who quotes a passage or the words of another. 

CIT'ESS, n. A ciiy woman. [Little used.] 

CITH-A-RIS'TI€, a. [L. cithara.] Pertaining to or adapted 
to the harp. 

CITH'ERN, 71. [L. cithara.] A stringed musical instrument? 
among the ancients. 

CIT'I-CISM, 71. The manners of a cit or citizen. 

CIT'IED, a. Belonging to a city. Drayton. 

CIT'I->SIN, 71. A substance of a yellow color, obtained from 
the seeds of the cyti^us labui-num. 

CIT'I-ZEJsT, (sit'e-zn) 7?. [Fr. citotjen.] 1. A native of a 
city, or an inhabitant who enjoys the freedom and privi- 
leges of the city in which he resides. 2. A townsman ; a 
man of trade ; not a gentleman. 3. An inhabitant ; a 
dweller in any city, town or place. — 4. In a general sense, 
a native or permanent resident in a city or country. — 
5. In the U. States, a person, native or naturalized, who 
has the privilege of exercising the elective franchise, and 
of purchasing and holding real estate. 

CIT'I-ZEN, a. Having the qualities of a citizen. 

CIT'I-ZEN-TZE, V. t. To make a citizen ; to admit to the 
rights and privileges of a citizen. Pickering. 



CIT'I-ZEN-SHIP, 71. The state of being vested tvith the 
rights and privileges of a citizen. 

CIT'RATE, n. [L. citrus.] In chemistry, a neutral salt, 
formed by a union of the citric acid with a base. The 
onion yields citrate of lime. Ure. 

CIT'RIC, a. Belonging to lemons or limes ; as citric aeid. 

CIT'illL, 71. A beautiful song bird of Italy. 

CIT-RI-Na'TION, 71. The turning to a yellow-green color. 

CIT'RiNE, a. [L. citrinu^.] Like a citron or lemon ; of a 
lemon color ; yellow, or greenish-yellow. 

CIT'RiNE, n. A species of very fine sprig crystal. 

CIT'RON, n. [Fr. citron.] The fruit of the citron-tree, a 
large species of lemon. 

CIT'RON-TREE, n. The tree which produces the citron, 
of the genus citrus. 

CIT'RON- WATER, n. A liquor distilled with the rind of 
citrons. 

t CIT'RUL, 71, The pompion or pumpkin, 

CIT':^, n. [Fr. cite; It. citta.] 1. in a general sense, a 
large town. — 2. In a 7«ore appropriate sense, a corporate 
town ; a tov/n or collective body of inhabitants, incorpo- 
rated and governed by particular officers, as a mayor and 
aldermen. — In Great Britain, a town corporate, that has a 
bishop and a cathedral church. 3. The collective body 
of citizens, or the inhabitants of a city. 

CIT'Y, a._ Pertaining to a city. Shak. 

CIT'Y-CoURT, n. The municipal court of a city, consL«l. 
Jng of the mayor or recorder and aldermen. U. States. 

CiVES, n. [Fr. cive.] A species of leek, of the genus al- 
lium. 

CIVET, 71. [Fr. civeite.] A substance, of the consistence 
of butter or honey, taken from a bag under the tail of the 
civet-cat. It is used as a perfume. 

CIVET-CAT, 71. The animal that produces civet, a spe- 
cies of viverra. 

CIVIC, a. [1:. civicus.] Literally, pertaining to a city or 
citizen ; relating to civil affairs or honors. 

t CIVIC-AL, a. Belonging to civil honors. 

CIVIL, a. [L. civilis.] i. Relating to the community, or 
to the policy and government of the citizens and subjects 
of a state. 2. Relating to any man as a member of a 
community. 3. Reduced to order, rule and government ; 
under a regular administration ; implying some refinement 
of manners ; not savage or wild. 4. Civilized ; courteous ; 
complaisant ; gentle and obliging ; v/ell-bred ; affable ; 
kind ; having the manners of a city. 5. Grave ; sober ; 
not gay or showy. 6. Complaisant ; polite ; a popular 
colloquial use of the jcord. — 7. Civil death, in law, is that 
which cuts off" a man from civil society. — 8. Civil law, in 
a general sense, the law of a state, city or country ; but 
in an appropriate sense, the Roman law. — 9. Civil list, the 
officers of civil government, who are paid from the public 
treasury. — 10. Civil state, the whole body of the laity or 
citizens, not included under the militaiy, maritime and 
ecclesiastical states. — 11. Civil war, a war between peopie 
of the same state or city. — 12. Civil year, the legtl year, 
or annual account of time which a government appoints 
to be used in its own dominions. — 13. Civil architecture, 
the architecture which is employed in constructing build- 
ings for the purposes of civil life. 

CI-VIL'IAN, 71. I. One who is skilled in the Roman law ; 
a professor or doctor of civil law. 2. In a 7nore extended 
sense, one who is versed in law and government. 3. A 
student of the civil law at the university. 

t CIVIL-IST, 71. A civilian. 

CI-VIL'I-TY, 72. [1.. civilitas.] 1. The state of being civilr 
ized ; refinement of manners ; applied to nations. Spenser. 
2. Good breeding ; politeness ; complaisance ; courtesy ; 
decorum of behavior in the treatment of others, accom- 
panied with kind offices. Civility respects manners or 
external deportment, and, in the plural, civilities denote 
acts of politeness. ♦ 

CIV-IL-I-Za'TION, 71. I. The act of civilizing, or the state 
of being civilized. 2. The act of rendering a criminal 
process civil ; [not used.] 

CIVIL-lZE, V. t. [It. civilizzare ; Fr. civiliser.] To reclaim 
from a savage state ; to introduce civility of manners 
among a people, and instruct them in the arts of regular 
life. 

CIVIL-IZED, pp. Reclaimed from savage life and man- 
ners ; jnstructed in arts, learning and civil manners. 

CIVIL-lZ-ER, n. 1. One who civilizes ; be that reclaims 
others from a wild and savage life, and teaches them the 
rules and customs of civility, 2, That which reclaims 
from savageness, 

CIVIL-lZ-ING, ppr. Reclaiming from savage life ; instruct- 
ing in arts and civility of manners. 

CIVIL-LY, adv. 1. In a manner relating to government, ot 
to the rights or character of a member of the community 
2. In a manner relating to private rights. 3. Not natu- 
rally, but in law. 4. Politely; complaisantly ; gently 
with dae decorum ; courteously. 5. Without gaudy col 
ors, or finery ; [obs.] 

CIVISM, 71. [L. cims.] Love of country ; patriotism 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— F^R, FALL, WHAT ;— PR£Y ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; j Ols-Jete. 



CLA 



149 



CLA 



* CIZ AR, V. t. To clip with scissors. Beaumont. 

CIZ'AR. See Scissors. 

CIZE, Tor Size, is not in use. 

€LAB'BEil, or BON'NY-€LAB'BER, n. Milk turned, be- 
come thick or inspissated. 

CLAGK, V. i. [Fr. claquer.] 1. To make a sudden, sharp 
noise, as by striking or cracking ; to clink ; to click. 2. 
To utter words rapidly and continually, or with sharp, 
abrupt sounds ; to let the tongue run. 

€LA€K, n. [W dec] 1. A sharp, abrupt sound, continu- 
ally repeated, such as is made by striking an object, or by 
bursting or cracking ; continual talk. 2. The instrument 
that strikes the hopper of a grist-mill, to move or shake it, 
for discharging the corn. And, according to Johnson, a 
bell that rings when more corn is required to be put in. 

eLA€K'-DISH, n. A beggar's dish, with a movable cover, 
which they clack. SJiak. 

OLACK'ER, 71. One that clacks ; that which clacks. 

eLA€K'ING, ppr. Making a sharp, abrupt sound, continu- 
ally repeated j talking continually ; tattling ; rattling with 
the tongue. 

€LA€K'ING, n. A prating. 

CLAD, pp. [See Clothe.] Clothed ; invested ; covered as 
with a garment. 

€LAIM, V. t. [L. clamo.'] 1. To call for ; to ask or seek to 
obtain, by virtue of authority, right or supposed right ; to 
challenge as a right ; to demand as due. 2. To assert, or 
maintain as a right. 3. To have a right or title to. 4. To 
proclaim; fobs.] 5. To call or name ; [obs.] 

€LAIM, n. A demand of a right or supposed right ; a calling 
on another for something due, or supposed to be due. 
9. A right to claim or demand ; a title to any debt, privi- 
lege or other thing in possession of another. 3, The thing 
claimed or demanded. 4. A loud call ; [obs.] Spense?-. 

CLAIM' A-BLE, a. That may be demanded as due. 

CLaIM'ANT, n. 1. A person who claims ; one who de- 
mands any thing as his right. 2. A person who has a 
right to claim or demand. 

CLAIMED, Pi'- Demanded as due ; challenged as a right j 
asserted; maintained. 

CLAIM'ER, n. A claimant ; one who demands as due. 

CLAIM'ING, ppr. Demanding as due ; challenging as a 
right ; asserting ; maintaining ; having a right to de- 
mand. 

CLAIR'-OB-SetJRE'. See Clare-obscuke. 

CLAM, n. A bivalvular shell-fish. 

CLAM'-SHELL, n. The shell of a clam. 

€IjAM, V. t. [Bax. clamian.] To clog with glutinous or vis 
cous matter. 

CLAM, V. i. To be moist. [Little used.] 

CLa'MANT, a. Crying ; beseeching. 

CLAM'BER, V. i. To climb with difficulty, or with hands 
and feet. 

CLAM'BER-ING, ppr. Climbing with effort and labor. 

CLAM'MI-NESS, n. The state of being viscous ; viscosity ; 
stickiness ; tenacity of a soft substance. 

CLAM'MY, a. Thick, viscous, adhesive ; soft and sticky ; 
glutinous; tenacious. 

CLAM'OR, n. [L. clamor.] 1. A great outcry ; noise ; ex- 
clamation; continued vociferation. Shak. 2. Figurative- 
ly, loud and continued noise. 

CLAM'OR, V. t. To stun with noise. Bacon. — To clamor 
bells, is to multiply the strokes. 

CLAM'OR, V. i. To utter loud sounds, or outcries ; to talk 
loud ; to utter loud voices repeatedly ; to vociferate ; to 
utter loud voices ; to complain ; to make unportunate de- 
mands. 

CLAM'OR-ER, n. One who clamors. 

CLAM'OR -ING, JW- Uttering and repeating loud words; 
making a great and continued noise, particularly in com- 
plaint or importunate demands. 

CLAM'OR-OUS a. Speaking and repeating loud words; 
noisy ; vociferous ; loud ; turbulent. 

CLAM'OR-OUS-LY, adv. With loud noise or words. 

CLAM'OR-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being loud 
or noisy. 

CLAMP, n. [D. klamp.] 1. In general, something that 
fastens or binds ; a piece of tim.ber or of iron, used to fas- 
ten work together ; or a particular manner of uniting work 
by letting boards into each other. — 2. In ship-building, a 
thick plank on the inner part of a ship's side, used to sus- 
tain the ends of the beams. 3. A smooth, crooked plate of 
ii-on, forelocked on the trunnions of a cannon, to keep it fast 
to tiie carriage. 4. A pile of bricks laid up for burning. 

CLAMP, v.t. 1. To fasten with clamps. 2. In joinery, to 
fit a piece of board with the grain to the end of another 
piece of board across the grain. 

CLAMP, V. i [D, klompen.] To tread heavily Craven di- 
alect. 

CLAMPED, pp. United or strengthened with a clamp. 

CLAMP'ING, ppr Fastening or strengthening with a 

clamp. 
CLAN, 71. [Ir. clann,OT eland; Erse, clan, or hlaan.] 1. A 
race ; a family ; a tribe ; an association of persons under 



a chieftain. 2. In contempt, a sect, society, or body of 
persons closely united. Swift. 

CLAN'CU-LAR, a. [L. cl'ancularius.] Clandestine ; se- 
cret ; private ; concealed. [Little iised.] 

CLAN'CU-LAR- LY, adv. Privately ; secretly. [Little used.} 

CLAN-DES'TiNE, a. [L. clandestinus.] Secret; private; 
hidden ; withdrawn from public view. 

CLAN-DES'TiNE-LY, adv. Secretly; privately; in se- 
cret. 

CLAN-DES'TiNE-NESS, n. Secrecy ; a state of conceal- 
ment. 

t CLAN-DES-TIN'I-TY, n. Privacy or secrecy. 

CLANG, v. t. [L. clango.] To make a sharp, shrill soimd, 
as by striking metallic substances ; or to strike with a 
sharp sound. 

CLANG, n. [L. clangor.] A sharp, shrill sound, made by 
striking together metallic substances, or sonorous bodies, 
or any like sound. 

CLANG'OR, 7!. [L.] A sharp, shrill, harsh sound. [See 
Clang.] Dryden. 

CLANG'OR-OUS, a. Sharp or harsh in sound. 

CLANG'OUS, a. Making a clang, or a shrill or hai-sh 
sound. 

CLAN ISH, a. Closely united, like a clan ; disposed to ad- 
here closely, as the members of a clan. 

CLAN'iSH-NESS, n. Close adherence or disposition to 
unite, as a clan. 

CLANK, n. The loud, shrill, sharp sound, made by a col- 
lision of metallic or other sonorous bodies. 

CLANK, V. t. To make a sharp, shrill sound ; to strike with 
a sharp sound. 

CLAN 'SHIP, n. A state of union, as in a family or clan ; an 
association under a chieftain. 

CLAP, v. t. pret. and pp. clapped or clapt. [D. Idappen, 
kloppcn.] 1. To strike with a quick motion, so as to 
make a noise by the collision ; to strike with something 
broad, or having a flat surface. 2. To thrust ; to drive to- 
gether ; to shut hastily. 3. To thrust or drive together ; 
to put one thing to another by a hasty or sudden motion. 
4. To thrust ; to put, place, or send. 5. To applaud ; to 
manifest approbation or praise by striking the hands to- 
gether. 6. To infect with venereal poison. — To clap up. 

1. To make or complete hastily. 2. To imprison hastily, 
or with little delay. 

CLAP, v.i. 1. To move or drive together suddenly with 
noise. 2. To enter on with alacrity and briskness ; to 
drive or thrust on. 3. To strike the hands together in ap- 
plause. 

CLAP, n. 1. A driving together ; a thrust and collision of 
bodies with noise, usually bodies with broad surfaces. 

2. A sudden act or motion ; a thrust. 3. A burst of 
sound ; a sudden explosion. 4. An act of applause ; a 
striking of hands to express approbation. 5. [Fr. clapoir.] 
A venereal infection. Pope. — 6. With /aZcoTiers, the neth- 
er part of the beak of a hawk. 

CLAP'-BoARD, n. A thin, narrow board for covering 
houses. — In England, according to Bailey, a clapboard is 
also what in .America is called a stave for casks. 

CLAP'-DISH, n. A wooden bowl or dish. 

CLAP'-DOC-TOR, n. One who is skilled in healmg the 
clao. 

CLAP'-NET, n. A net for taking larks. 

CLAPPED, pp. Thrust or put on or together ; applauded by 
striking the hands together ; infected with the venereal 



CLAP'PITr, n. 1. A person who claps, or applauds by clap- 
ping. 2. That which strikes, as the tongue of a bell, or 
the piece of wood that strikes a mill-hopper. 

tCLAP'FER, ?i. [Old Fr. clapier.] A place for rabbits to 
burrow in. Chaucer. 

CLAP'PER-CLAW, v. t. To scold ; to abuse with the 
tongue ; to revile. Shak, 

CLAP' PING, ppr. Driving or putting on, in, over, or under, 
by a sudden motion ; striking the hands together. 

CLARE, 71. A nun of the order of St. Clare. 

CLAR'EN-CEUX, ) /tioWor. c^,.^ S «• In Great B^tain. 

CLAR'EN-CIEUX, \ ^^laren-snuj | ^j^^ ^^^.^^^^ j^.^^^ ^^ 

arms, so called from the duke of Clarence. 

CLARE-OB-SCtJRE', n. [L. clarus and obscurus.] Light 
and shade in painting. 

CLAR'ET, 71. [Fr. clairet.] A species of French wine, of a 
clear pale red color. 

CLAR'I-CHORD, n. [L. clarus and chorda.] A musical in- 
strument in form of a spinet, called also manichord. 

CLAR-I-FI-CA'TION, n. The act of clearmg ; particularly 
the clearing or fining of liquid substances. 

CLAR'I-FlED, pp. Purified ; made clear or fine ; defecat- 
ed. 

CLAR'I-Fi-ER, n. 1. That which clarifies or purifies. 2. 
A vessel in which liquor is clarified. 

CLAR'I-F1?, V. t. [Fr. clarifier.] 1. To make clear ; to 
purify from feculent matter ; to defecate ; to fine. 2. To 
make clear ; to brighten or illuminate ; [rarely iLsed.] 

CLAR'I-FY, V. i. 1. To clear up ; to grow clear or bright. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE € as K : G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in «A«s f ObsolUe 



CLA 



150 



CLE 



2 To grow or become clear or fine ; to become pure, as 
liquors. 

(JLAR'I-FY-ING, ppr. Making clear, pure, or bright j def- 
ecating : growing clear. 

€LAR'I-NET, n. [Fr. clarinette.] A wind instrument of 
music. 

*€LAR'ION, n. [Fr. clairon.] A kind of trumpet, whose 
tube is narrower, and its tone more acute and shrill, than 
that of the common trumpet. 

€LAR'I-TUDE, 71. Clearness ; splendor. [Little used.] 

€LAR'I-TY, n. [Fr. clarte ; L. claritas.] Clearness 5 bright- 
ness ; splendor. [Little used.] 

€LART, V. t. To daub j to smear ; to spread. Morth of 
FMgland. 

CLaRT'Y, a. Wet ; slippery ; dirty ; miry. Grose. 

t CLAR'Y, V. i. To make a loud or shrill noise. 

CLa'RY, 71. A plant of the genus salvia, or sage. 

CLa'RY-WA'TER, n. A composition of brandy, sugar, 
clary-tlowers, and cinnamon, with a little ambergris dis- 
solved in it. 

CLASH, V. i. [D. kletscn.] 1. To strike against; to drive 
against with force. 2. To meet in opposition ; to be con- 
trary ; to act in a contrary direction ; to interfere. 

CL/VSH, V. t. To strike one thing against another with 
sound. 

CLASH, n. 1. A meeting of bodies with violence ; a 
striking together with noise ; collision, or noisy collision 
of bodies. 2. Opposition ; contradiction, as between dif- 
fering or contending interests, views, purposes, &c. 

CLASH'ING, ppr. Striking against with noise ; meeting in 
opposition ; opposing ; interfering. 

CLASH'ING, 7J. A striking against; collision of bodies; 
opposition. 

CLASP, n. [Ir. clasha.] 1. A hook for fastening ; a catch. 
2. A close embrace ; a throwing of the arms round. 

CLASP, V. t. 1. To shut or fasten together with a clasp. 
Pope. 2. To catch and hold by twining ; to surround and 
cling to. 3. To inclose and hold in the hand ; or simply 
to inclose or encompass with the fingers. 4. To embrace 
closely ; to throw the arms round ; to catch with the 
arms. 5. To inclose, and press. 

€LaSPED, pp. Fastened with a clasp ; shut ; embraced ; 
inclosed ; encompassed ; caught. 

CLASP'ER, 71. He or that which clasps ; usually the tendril 
of a vine or other plant, which twines round something 
for support. 

CLASP'ERED, a. Furnished with tendrils. 

CLASP'ING, ppr. 1. Twining round; catching and hold- 
ing ; embracing ; inclosing ; shutting or fastening with a 
clasp. 2. In botany, surrounding the stem at the base, 
as a leaf. 

CLASP'-KNIFE, n. A knife which folds into the handle. 

CLASS, v.. [L. classis.] 1. An order or rank of persons ; a 
number of persons in society, supposed to have some re- 
semblance or equality, in rank, education, property, tal- 
ents, and the like. 2. A number of students in a college 
or school, of the same standing, or pursuing the same 
studies. 3. Scientific division or arrangement; a set of 
beings or things, having something in common, or ranged 
under a common denomination. 

CLASS, V. t. 1. To an-ange in a class or classes ; to arrange 
in sets or ranks, according to some method founded on 
natural distinctions. 2. To place in ranks or divisions 
students that are pursuing the same studies ; to form into 
a class or classes. 

CLAS'Sie, or €LAS'SI-CAL, a. [L. classicus.] 1. Relat- 
ing to ancient Greek and Roman authors, of the first rank 
or estimation. 2. Pertaining to writers of the first rank 
among the moderns ; being of the first order. 3. Denot- 
ing an order of Presbyterian assemblies. 

CLAS'Sie, V. 1. An author of the first rank ; a writer 
whose style is pure, correct, and refined ; pnmarily, a 
Greek rr Roman author of this character. 2. A book 
written by an author of the first class. 

CLASS! CAL-LY, adv. 1. In the manner of classes; ac- 
cording to a regular order of classes or sets. 2. In a 
classical manner; according to the manner of classical 
authors. 

CLAS-SIF'I€, a. Constituting a class or classes; noting 
classificatiorv 01 the order of distribution into sets. Med 
Repns 

CLAS-SI-FI-€a'TION, n. The act of forming into a class 
or classes ; distribution into sets, sorts or ranks. 

CLAS'St-FIED, pp Arranged in classes ; formed into a 
class or classes. 

CLAS'SI-FY, v. t. [L. classis.] To make a class or classes ; 
to distribute into classes ; to arrange in sets according to 
some common properties or characters. 

CLAS Sl-FY-ING, ppr. Forming a class or classes ; arrang- 
ing in sorts or ranks. 

€LAS'SIS, 71. 1. Class order; sort. 2. A convention or 
assembly. 

CLAT'TER, V. i. [D klateren.] 1. To make rattling 
sounds ; to make repeated sharp sounds, as by striking 



sonorous bodies. 2. To utter continual or repeated sharp 
sounds, or rattling sounds, by being struck together. 
3. To talk fast and idly ; to run on ; to rattle with the 
tongue. 
CLAT'TER, V. t. 1. To strike and make a rattling noise. 

2. To dispute, jar, or clamor. 

CLAT'TER, n. 1. A rapid succession of abrupt, sharp 
sounds, made by the collision of metallic or other son'w 
rous bodies; rattling sounds. 2. Tumultuous and con- 
fused noise ; a repetition of abrupt, sharp sounds. 

CLAT'TER-ER, n. One who claltei-s ; a babbler. 

CLAT'TER-ING, ppr. Making or uttering sharp, abrupt 
sounds, as by a collision of sonorous bodies ; talking fist 
with noise ; rattling. 

CLAT'TER-ING, n. A rattling noise. 

CLAU'DENT, a. [L. claudens.] Shuttmg ; confining; 
drawing together. [Little used.] 

€LAU'D1-CANT, a. Halting; limping. [Little used.] 

CLAU'DI-CATE, ». 7. [Ij. claudico .] To halt or limp. [Lit- 
tle used, or not at all.] 

CLAU-DI-Ca'TION, 71. A halting or limping. [Little uscd.\ 

CLAUSE, ri. [Yr. clause; h. claus^ira.] 1. A member of 
aperiod or sentence ; a siibdivision of a sentence. 2. An 
article in a contract or other writing ; a distinct part of a 
contract, will, agreement, charter, commission, or other 
writing. 

CLAUSTRAL, a. [L. claustrum.] Relatmg to a cloister, or 
religious house. 

CLAUS'URE, 71. 1. The act of shutting up or confining; 
confinement ; [little used.] 2. In anatomy, an imperfo- 
rated canal. 

CLAV'A-TED, a. [L. clava.] 1. Club-shaped ; having the 
form of a club ; growing gradually thicker towards the 
top, as certain parts of a plant. 2. Set with knobs. 

CLAVE, pret. of cleave. 

CLAV'EL-LA-TED, a. Clavellated ashes, potash and 
pearlash. Coxe, 

t €La' VER, 71. [Sax. cZ<E/er.l Clover. Sandys 

CLAV'IA-RY, n. [L. clavis.] A scale of lines and spaces 
in music. 

CLAV'I-CHORD, n. [L. clavis and chorda.] A musical in- 
strument of an oblong figure, of the nature of a spinet. 

CLAV'I-CLE, 71. [L. clavicula.] The collar-bone. 

CLAVI-GER, n. [L. clavis and gero.] One who keeps the 
keys of any place. 

CLAW, 71. [Sax. claw.] 1. The sharp hooked nail of a 
beast, bird or other animal. 2. The whole foot of an ani-- 
mal, armed with hooked nails. 3. The hand, in contempt. 

CLAW, 7;. t. [Sax. clawen.] 1. To pull, tear or scratch 
with the nails. 2. To scratch or tear in general ; to tickle. 

3. To flatter; [obs.] — To claio off or away. 1. To scold 
or rail at. — 2. In seamanship, to turn to windward and 
beat, to prevent falling on a lee shore. — 3. In vulgar lan- 
guage, to scratch away ; to get off or escape. 

CLAW'BACK, n. One who flatters; a sycophant; a whee- 
dier. Jewel. 

t CLAW'BACK, a. Flattering. Bp. Hall. 

CLAWED, pp. I. Scratched, pulled or torn with claws. 
%' a. Furnished with claws. Grew. 

€L AWING, ppr. Pulling, tearing or scratching with claws 
or nails. 

CL AW'LESS, a. Destitute of claws. Journ. of Science. 

CLaY, n. [Sax. clag.] 1. The name of certain substances 
which are mixtures of silex and alumin, sometimes with 
lime, magnesia, alkali and metallic oxyds ; a species of 
earths. — 2. In poetry and in Scripture, earth in general. — 
3. In Scripture, clay is used to express fi-ailty, liableness to 
decay and destruction. 

CLAY, V. t. 1. To cover or manure with clay. 2. To pu- 
rify andjwhiten with clay, as sugar. 

CLaY'-CoLD, a. Cold as clay or earth ; lifeless. Itowe. 

CLAYED, pp. 1. Covered or manured with clay. 2. Pu- 
rified and whitened with clay. 

CLaYES, n. plu. [Fr. claie.] In fortification, wattles or 
hurdles made with stakes interwoven with osiers, to cover 
lodgments. 

CLaY'EY, a. Consisting of clay ; abounding with clay ; 
partaking of clay ; like clay. 

CLaY'-GROUND, 71. Ground consistingof clay, or abounu- 
ing with it. 

CLaY'ISH, a. Partaking of the nature of clay, or contain- 
ing particles of it. 

CLAY'-LAND, or CLAY'-SOIL, n. Land consisting o 
clay, or abounding with it. 

CLaY'-MARL, 71. A whitish, smooth, chalky clay. 

CLaY'MORE, n. [See Glaymore.] A two-handed sword. 

CLaY'-PIT, n. A^pit where clay is dug. Woodward. 

CLaY'-SLATE, 71. In mineralogy, argillaceous shist ; ar 
gijlite. 

CLaY'-STONE, 71. A mineral, the thonstein of Werner. 

CLEAN, a. [Sax. clmne.] 1. Free from dirt, or other foui 
matter. 2. Free from weeds or stones. 3. Free from 
knots or branches ; as clean timber. In America, clear ia 
generahy used. 4. Free flrom moral impurity; innocent 



*See Synpsis. A. E, I, 0, C, Y, Zo/i^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BiRD;— f Obsolete. 



CLE 



151 



CLE 



5. Free from ceremoniEil defilement. 6. Free from guilt ; 
sanctified 5 holy. 7. That might be eaten by the He- 
brews. 8. That might be used. 9. Free from a foul dis- 
ease 5 cured of leprosy. 10. Dextrous ; adroit ; not bun- 
gling 5 free from awkwardness. 11. Free from infection. 

€IiEAN, adv. 1. duite ; perfectly ; wholly ; entirely ; fully. 
2._ Without miscarriage ; dextrously. 

€LeAN, v. t. [Sax. cltBjian.] To remove all foreign mat- 
ter frozn 3 to purify. 

€LEAN'LI-NESS, (clen'le-ness) n. 1 Freedom from dirt, 
filth, or any foul, extraneous matter. 2. Neatness of per- 
son or dress ; purity. 

t €LEx\N'LI-LY, (clen'le-ly) adv. In a cleanly manner. 

€LEAN'LY, (clen'ly) a. 1. Free from dirt,filtli, or any foul 
matter ; neat ; carefully avoiding filth. 2. Puie ; free from 
mixture 3 innocent. 3. Cleansing; making clean. 4. 
Nice ; ai'tful ; dextrous ; adroit ; [obs.] 

€LEAN'LV, (clen'ly) adv. In a clean manner; neatly; 
without filth. 

€LeAN'N£SS, n. 1. Freedom from dirt, filth, and foreign 
matter ; neatness. 2. Freedom from infection or a foul 
disease. 3. Exactness : purity ; justness ; correctness. 
4. Purity ; innocence.— In Scriptwe, cleamiess of hands 
<ienotes innocence. Cleanneas of teeth denotes want of 
provisions. 

€LEANS'A-BLE, (clenzia-bl) a. That may be cleansed. 

CLEANSE, (clenz) u. t. \^-ax. clcmsian.'] 1. To purify ; to 
make clean ; to remove filth, or foul matter. 2. To free 
from a foul or infectious disease ; to heal. 3. To free 
from ceremonial pollution, and consecrate to a holy use. 
4. To purify from guilt. 5. To remove. 

eLEANSED, (clenzd) pp. Purified; made clean ; purged; 
healed. 

€LEANS'ER, n. He or that which cleanses ; in medicine, 
a detergent. 

€LEA«NS'ING, (clenz'ing) p-p. Purifying ; making clean ; 
purging ; removing foul or noxious matter from ; freeing 
from guilt. 

€LEANS ING, (clenz'ing) n. The act of purifying, or purg- 
ing. 

t eLEAN'-TIM-BERED, a. Well-proportioned. 

€LeAR, a. lyv.claer.] I. Open; free from obstruction, 
2. Free from clouds, or fog; serene. 3. Free from for- 
eign matter; unmixed. 4. Free from any thing that cre- 
ates doubt or uncertainty ; apparent ; evident ; manifest ; 
not obscure ; conspicuous ; that is, open to the mind. 5. 
Unclouded ; luminous ; not obscured. 6. Unobstructed ; 
unobscured. 7. Perspicacious ; sharp. 8. Not clouded 
with care, or ruffled by passion ; cheerful ; serene. 9. Ev- 
ident ; undeniable ; indisputable. 10. Quick to under- 
stand ; prompt ; acute. 11. Free fi-om guilt or blame ; in- 
nocent ; unspotted ; irreproachable. 12. Free frcim bias ; 
unprepossessed; not preoccupied ; impartial. 13. Free 
from debt, or obligation ; not liable to prosecution. 14. 
Free from deductions, or charges. 15. Not entangled ; un- 
embarrassed ; free. Id. Open; distinct; not jarring, or 
harsh. 17. Liberated ; freed ; acquitted of charges. 18. 
Free from spots or any thing tliat disfigures. 

CLEAR, adv. 1. Plainly; not obscurely; manifestly. 2. 
Clean ; quite ; entirely ; wholly ; indicating entire separa- 
tion. — Clear, ox in the clear, ?Ln\ong joiners and carpenters, 
denotes the space Vi^ithin walls, or length and breadth, 
clear, or exclusive, of the thickness of tlie wall. 

CLEAR,?;, t. 1. To make clear; to fine ; to remove any 
thing foreign ; to separate from any foul matter ; to purify ; 
to clarify. 2. To free from obstructions. 3. To free from 
any thing noxious or injurious. 4. To remove any in- 
cumbrance, or embarrassment. 5. To free ; to liberate, 
or disengage ; to exonerate. 6. To cleanse. 7. To re- 
move any thing that obscures. 8. To free from obscurity, 
perplexity or ambiguity. 9. To purge from the imputa- 
tion of guilt ; to j-ustify or vindicate. 10. In a legal sense, 
to acquit on trial, by verdict. 11. To make gaiii or profit, 
beyond all expenses and charges. 12. To remove wood 
from land ; to cut down trees, remove or burn them, and 
prepare land for tillage or pasture. — To clear a ship at the 
ciistmn-honse, is to exhibit the documents requked, give 
bonds, and procure a permission to sail. 

CLEAR, V. i. 1. To become free from clouds or fog ; to 
become fair. 2. To be disengaged from incumbrances, 
distress or entanglements ; to become free or disengaged. 

CLeAR'A<.tE,7i. The removing of any thing. [Little used.] 

CLeAR'ANCE, 71. A certificate that a ship or vessel has 
been cleared at the custom-house ; permission to sail. 

CLEARED, pp. Purified ; freed from foreign matter, or 
from incumbrance ; made manifest ; made luminous ; 
cleansed ; liberated ; acquitted. 

CI>eAR'ER, n. That which clears, purifies, or enlightens ; 
tliat which brightens. 

CLeAR'ING, ppr. Purifying ; removing foul matter, in- 
cumbrances, or obstructions ; making evident, or lumin- 
ous ; cleansing ; liberating ; disengaging ; acquitting ; 
making gain beyond all costs and charges. 

CLeAR'ING, n. 1. A defense ; justification ; vindication. 



2. A place or tract of land, cleared of wood for cultivation ; 
a covLvionuse of the word inJimerica. 3. The act of mak 
ing clear. 

CLeAR'LY, ad:v. \. Plainly ; evidently ; fully. 2. With- 
out obstruction ; luminously. 3. With clear discernment 
4. Without entanglement or confusion. 5. Plainly , 
honestly ; candidly. 6. Without reserve, evasion or sub- 
terfuge. 

CLeAR'NESS, n 1. Freedom from foul or extraneous mat- 
ter ; purity. 2. Freedom from obstruction or incumbrance. 

3. Freedom from fogs or clouds ; openness. 4. Distinct- 
ness ; perspicuity; luminousness. 5. Plainness, or plain 
dealing ; sincerity ; honesty ; fairness ; candor. 6. Free- 
dom from imputation of ill. 7. Freedom from sfjots, <ir 
any thing that disfigures. 

CLeAR'-SHIN-ING, a. Shining with brightness or unob- ' 
structed splendor. 

CLeAR-SiGHT'ED, a. Seeing with clearness; havmg 
acuteness of sight; discerning; perspicacious. 

CLeAR'-SiGHT'ED-NESS, 71. Acute discernment. 

CLeAR'-STaRCH, v. t. To stifiijn and clear with starch,' 
and by clapping with the hands. 

CLeAR'-STaRCH'ER, 11. One who clear-starches. 

CLeAR'-STARCH'ING, ppr. 1. Stiffening and clearing 
with staich. 2. 71. The act of stifiTening and clearing 
with starch. 

CLE AT, n. A piece of wood, used in a ship to fasten ropes 
upon. 

CLEAVAGE, n. 1. The act of cleaving or splitting. 2. In 
raiveralogy, the manner of cleaving. 

CLeAVE, v. i. ; pret. clave, or cleaved. [Sax. cleojiaii.] 1. 
To stick ; to adhere ; to hold to. 2. To unite aptly ; to 
fit ; to sit well on. 3. To unite or be united closely iu 
iiiterest or affection ; to adhere with strong attachment. 

CLeAVE, v. t. ; pret. cleft ; pp. cleft, or cleaved. The old 
pret. clcve is obsolete ; clave is obsolescent. The old 
participle cloven is obsolescent, or rather used as an ad- 
jective. [Sax. cleofiav, or clifian.] 1. To part or divide 
by force ; to split or rive ; to open or sever tJie cohering 
parts of a body. 2. To part or open naturally. 

CLeAVE, v. i. To part ; to open ; to crack ; to separate, 
as parts of cohering bodies. 

CLeAVED, pp. Split ; rived ; divided. 

CLeAVE'LAND-iTE, 71. A mineral, called also siliceovs 
felspar, or albite. 

CLeAVER, n. One who cleaves; that which cleaves; a 
butcher's instrument for cutting anim.al bodies into joints 
oi^pieces. 

CLEAVING, ppr. Sticking ; adhering ; uniting to. Also, 
splitting ; dividing ; riving. 

CLECHE, 7i. In heraldry, a kind of cross. 

CLEDGE, n. Among miners, the upper stratum of fuller's 
earth. 

CLEF, 71. [Fr.cZf/.] A character in music. 

CIjEFT, pp. of cleave. Divided ; split ; parted asunder. 

CLEFT, n. 1. A space or opening made by splitting ; a 
crack ; a crevice. 2. "A disease in horses ; a crack on the 
bought of the pastern. 3. A piece made by splitting. 

CLEP-T'-GRAFT, v. t. To ingraft by cleaving the stock, 
and inserting a cion. 

CLEG, 7i. The horse-ffy ; Dan. kltng. 

fCLEM, V. i. [G. hlemmen.] To starve. B, Jonson. 

CLEM'EN-CY, n. [L. dementia.] 1. Mildness ; softness. 
2. Mildness of temper ; gentleness or lenity of disposition ; 
disposition to treat with favor and kindness. 3. Mercy; 
disposition to treat with lenity, to forgive or to spare, as 
offenders ; tenderness in punishing ; opposed to severity, 
harshness, or rigor. 

CLEM'ENT, a. Mild in temper and disposition; gentle; 
lenient; merciful; kind; tender; compassionate. 

CLEM'EN-TINE, a. Pertaining to St. Clement, or to his 
compilations ; or to the constitutions of Clement the Fifth. 

CLEiM'ENT-LY, adv. With mildness of temper ; merciful- 
ly. Taylor. 

CLENCH. See Clinch. 

fCLEPE, z). «. or i. [Sax. cZe;;a7i.] To call orname. S/iaft. 

CLEP-SAM'MI-A, 71. [Gr. kXetttw and apiios.] An instru- 
ment for measuring time by sand, like an hour-glass. 

CLEP'SY-DRA, n. [L.] ]. A time-piece used by the 
Greeks and Romans, which measured time by the dis- 
charge of a certain quantity of water. 2. A chemical vessel. 

t CLER'GI-CAL, a. Pertaining to the clergy. See Cler- 
ical. 

CLER'GY, 71. [Fr. clerge.] 1. The body of men set apart 
to the service of God, in the Christian church ; the body 
of ecclesiastics, in distinction from the laity. 2. The priv- 
ilege or benefit of clergy. Blackstone. — Benefit of clergy, 
in English law, originally, the exemption of the persons 
of clergymen, from criminal process, before a secular 
judge. 

CLER'GY-A-BLE, a. Entitled to or admitting the benefit of 
clergy. Blackstone. 

CLER'GY-MAN, 71. A man in holy orders ; a man licensed 
to preach the gospel. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as feH ; TH as in «Aw t Obsolete 



CLl 



152 



CLl 



€LER le, n. A clerk or clergyman. Horsley. 

€LERI€, a. Relating to the character of a clergyman. 

€LER'I-eAL, a. [L. clcncus.] Relating or pertaining to 
the clergy. 

*€LERK, n. [Sax. cleric, clerc, clerc ; L. clericus.] 1. A 
clergyman, or ecclesiastic 5 a man in holy orders. 2. A 
man that can read. 3. A man of letters ; a scholar. Sid- 
ney. 4. In modern usa^c, a writer ; one who is employed 
in the use of the pen, in an office, public or private, for 
keeping records and accounts. 5. A layman who is the 
reader of responses in church service. 

* eLERK'-ALE, n. In England, the feast of the parish 

clerk. 

* t €LERK'LESS, a. Ignorant ; uncivilized. Waterhouse. 
*€LERK'LIKE, a. Like a clerk; learned. Shale. 
*€LERK'LY, a. Scholarlike. Cranmcr. 

* €LERK'LY, adv. In a learned manner. Gascoigne. 
*€LERK'SHIP, n. 1. A state of being in holy orders. 2. 

Scholarship. 3. The office or business of a clerk or writer. 
Sicift. 

€LER'0-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. K'Xr/poi and ixavreia.] A divin- 
ation by throwing dice or little bones, and observing the 
points or marks turned up 

€LEVE, €HF, or €LIVE, in the composition of names, de- 
note a place situated on or near a cliff, on the side of a hill, 
rock or precipice ; as Cleveland, Clifton. 

€LEV'ER, a. 1. Fit; suitable; convenient; proper; com- 
modious. Pope. 2. Dextrous ; adroit; ready; that per- 
forms with skill or address. Addison. 3. In JVeio Eng- 
land, good-natured, possessing an agreeable mind or dis- 
position. 

CLEV'ER-LY, adw. Fitly ; dextrously ; handsomely. 

€LEV'ER-NESS, n. I. Dexterity; adroitness; skill. 2. 
In JVew) England, mildness or agreeableness of disposi- 
tion ; obligingness ; good nature. 

€LEV'Y, or €LEV'IS, 71. An iron bent to the form of an ox 
bow, with the two ends perforated to re'^eive a pin, used 
on the end of a cart-neap to hold the chain of the forward 
horse or oxen ; or a draft-iron on a plow. Mew England. 

€LEW, 71. [Sax. cleow, cliwc.^ 1. A ball of thread. 2. 
The thread that forms a ball ; the thread that is used to 
guide a person in a labyrinth. Hence, any thing that 
guides or dhects one in an intricate case. 3. The lower 
corner of a square-sail, and the aftermost corner of a stay- 
sail. 

€LEW, v.t. I. In seamanship, to truss up to the yard, by 
means of clew-garnets or clew-lines, in order to furling. 
2. To direct. 

€LEW-GAR'NETS, n. In marine language, a sort of 
tackle, or rope and pulley, fastened to the clews of the 
main and fore-sails, to truss them up to the yard. 

€LE W'-LINES, n. These are the same tackle, and used for 
the like purpose as clew-garnets. 

€LI€K, 7;.i. [D. klikhen.] To make a small, sharp noise, 
or rather a succession of small, sharp sounds, as by a gentle 
striking. 

CLI€K, 71. In seamen's lang-aage, a small piece of iron 
falling into a notched wheel, attached to the winches in 
cutters, &c. 

CLICK, 71. The latch of a door. [Local.'] 

CLICK'ER, n. The servantof a salesman, who stands at the 
door to invite customers. 

€LI€K'ET, 71. The knocker of a door. 

€LI€K'ING, ppr. Making small sharp noises. 

CLi'ENT, n. [Fr. client ; L. cliens.] 1. Among ihe Romans, 
a citizen who put himself under the protection of a man 
of distinction and influence, who, in respect to that rela- 
tion, was called his patron. 2. One who applies to a law- 
yer or counsellor for advice in a question of law, or 
commits his cause to his management. 3. A depend- 
ent. 

€Ll'ENT-AL, a. Dependent. [Unusual.] Burke. 

€Ll'ENT-ED, a. Supplied with clients. Carcw. 

t €LI-EN-TkLE', n. The condition or office of a client. 
Bj>. Hall. 

eLl'ENT-SHIP, 71. The condition of a client; a state of 
being under the protection of a patron. 

CLIFF, 72. rSax. clif.] 1, A steep bank. 2. A high and 
steep rock ; any precipice. [This word has been some- 
times written clift.] 

CLIFF, in music. See Clef. 

CLIFF'Y, a. Having cliffs ; broken ; craggy. 

CLIFT'ED, a. Broken. 

CLIFT' Y, a The same as cliffy. Pennant. 

CLI-MAC'TER, 71. [Gr. KXijjiaKTnp.] 1. A critical year in 
human life. 2. A certain space of time. [J\rotused.] 

*CLI-MAC'TER-IC, a. [Gr. KXipaKtripiKos.] Literally, 
noting a scale, progression, or gradation ; approiiriately, 
denoting a criticfil period of human life. 

* CLI-MAC'TER-IC, n. A critical period in human life, or 
a period in which some great change is supposed to take 
place in the human constitution. 'I'he critical periods are 
supposed by some persons to be the years produced by 



multiplying 7 into the odd numbers 3, 5, 7, and 9 , to 
which others add the 81st year. The 63d year is called the 
grand climacteric. 

CLIM-AC-TER'I-CAL, n. The same as climacteric. 

CLIM-A-TaRCH'IC, a [Gr. /cAi/tia and a^xv-l Presiding 
over climates. 

CLi'MATE, n. [Gr. xXi/xa.] 1. In geography, a part of 
the surface of the earth, bounded by two circles parallel 
to the equator, and of such a bieadth that the longest day 
in the parallel, nearest the pole is haif an hour longer 
than that nearest to the equator. 2. In a popular sense, a 
tract of land, region, or country, differing from another 
in the temperature of the air. 

CLi'MATE, V. i. To dwell ; to reside in a particular region. 
Shak. [Little used.] 

CLI-MAl'IC, I a. Pertaining to a climate ; limited by 

CLI-MAT'I-CAL, \ a climate. S. S. Smith. 

t CLi'MA-TURE, n. A climate. Shak. 

CLi'MAX', 71. [Gr. K\ipa^.] 1. Gradation ; ascent ; a figure 
of rhetoric, in which a sentence rises, as it were, step by 
step. 2. A sentence, or series of sentences, in which the 
successive members or sentences rise in force, importance 
or dignity, to the close of the sentence or series. 

CLlMB, (clime) %. i. ; pret. and pp. climbed, or clomh, but 
the latter is not elegant. [Sax. climan, or climban.] 1. 
To creep up by little and little, or step by step ; to rise on 
any fixed object, by seizing it with the hands, and lifting 
the body, and by thrusting with tlie feet. 2. To mount or 
ascend with labor and difficulty. 3. To rise or ascend 
with a slow motion. 

CLiMB, (clime) v. t. I. To ascend by means of the hands 
and feet, implying labor, difficulty and slow progress. 
2. To mount or ascend, with labor or a slow motion. 

CLiMB'A-BLE, (cli'ma-bl) a. That maybe climbed. 

CLIMBED, (climd) pp. Ascended by the use of the hands 
and feet ; ascended with labor. 

CLiMB'ER, (cli'-mer) n. 1. One who clunbs, mounts or 
rises, by the hands and feet ; one who rises by labor or 
effort. 2. A plant that creeps and rises on some support. 

t CLiMB'ER, V. i. To climb ; to mount with effort. 

CLiMB'ING, ppr. Ascending by the use of the hands and 
feet ; ascending with difficulty. 

CLiMB'ING, n. The act of ascending. 

CLIME, 71. [L. clima.] A climate ; a tract or region of 
the earth; a poetical word, but sometimes used in prose. 
See Climate. 

CLINCH, V. t. [D. klinken.] 1. To gripe with the hand ; to 
make fast by bending over, folding, or embracing closely. 
2. To fix or fasten ; to make firm. 

CLINCH, V. i. To hold fast upon. 

CLINCH, 71. 1. A word used in a double meaning ; a pun , 
an ambiguity ; a duplicity of meaning, with identity of 
expression. 2. A witty, ingenious reply. 2. In seamen's 
language, the part of a cable which is fastened to the 
ring of an anchor. 

CLINCHED, pp. Made fast by doubling or embracing close- 
ly- 

CLINCH'ER, 71. 1. That which clinches ; a cramp or piece 
of iron bent down to fasten any thing. 2. One who makes 
a smart reply. 3. That which makes fast. 

CLINCH'ER-BUiLT, or CLINK'ER-BUiLT, a. Made of 
clincher work. 

CLINCH 'ER-W6RK, a. In ship building, the disposition of 
the planks in the side of a boat or vessel, when the lower 
edge of every plank overlays the next below it, like slates 
on the roof of a house. 

CLINCH'ING, ppr. Making fast by doubling over or em- 
bracing closely ; griping with the fist. 

CLING, V. i. ; pret. and pp. clung. [Sax. clingan.] 1. To 
adhere closely ; to stick to ; to hold fast upon, especially 
by winding round or embracing. 2. To adhere closely ; 
to stick to. 3. To adhere closely and firmly, in interest 
or affection. 

t CLING, V. t. To dry up, or wither. Shak. 

CLING'ING, p7)r. Adhering closely; sticking to; winding 
round and holding to. 

CLING 'Y, c. Apt to cling ; adhesive. 

CLIN'IC, or CLIN'I-CAL, a. [Gr. K^iviKog.] In a general 
sense, pertaining to a bed. A clinical lecture is a discourse 
delivered at the bed side of the sick. 

CLIN'IC, n. One confined to the bed by sickness. 

CLIN'I-CAL-LY, adv. In a clinical manner ; by the bed- 
side. 

CLINK, V. t. [Sw. klinga.] To ring or jingle ; to make a 
small, sharp sound, or a succession of such sounds. 

CLINK, n. A sharp sound, made by the collision of small 
sonorous bodies. 

CLINK, V. i. To utter a small, sharp noise. Prior. 

CLINK'ING, ppr. Making a small, sharp sound, or succes- 
sion of sounds. 

CLINK'STONE, 7i. [clink and stone] A mineral. 

CLLNOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. kXivco and /utrf/ov.] An instru- 
ment for measuring the dip of mineral strata. 



*Sce Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, tj, Y, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD;— f Obsolete. 



CJLO 



153 



CLO 



CLINQ'UANT, (cKngk'ant) a. [Fr.] Dressed in tinsel fine- 
ry. [JVot English.] Shak. 

ULIP, V. t. [Sax. chjpan.] 1. To cut off with shears or 
scissors J to separate by a sudden stroke. 9. To diminish 
coin by paring tlie edge. 3. To curtail ; to cut short. 4. 
To confine, limit, restrain, or hold ; to hug. [Little iised.] 
S/iak.—To clip it, is a vulgar phrase in JVew England, for 
lo run with speed. 

«?LIP, V. i. A term in falconry. Dryden. 

t)LIP, n. 1. A blow or stroke with the hand. JVew England. 
2. An embrace ; that is, a throwing the arms round. Sid- 
ney. 

€LIJPPED, €LIPT, pp. Cut oflT; cut short; curtailed; di- 
minished by paring. 

€LIP'PER, 71. One who clip'5 ; especially one who cuts off 
the edges of coin. 

CLIPPING, ppr. Cutting off" or shortening with shears or 
scissors ; diminishing coin by paring ofi" the edges ; cur- 
tailing. 

€LIP'PING, n. 1. The act of cutting off, curtailing or di- 
minishing. 2. That which is clipped off; a piece separat- 
ed by clipping. 

€LISH'-€LASH, v.i. To sound like the clashing of swords. 

€LIV ER. See Cleaver. 

CLiy ERS, n. A plant, the galium aparine. 

CLoAK. See Cloke. 

€LoAK'ED-LY, adv. In a concealed manner. 

t CLo'CHARD, n. A belfry. TVeever. 

CLOCK, n. [Sax. clugga ; D. klok ; G. klocke ; Dan. klokke ; 
Sw. klocka ; Fr. cloche ; W. cldc] 1. A machine which 
measures time, and its divisions. The phrases, what 
o'' clock is iti it is nine o'' clock, seem to be contracted 
from what of the clock 1 itis nine of the clock. 2. A figure 
or figured work in the ankle of a stocking. 

CLOCK, V. t. To call. See Cluck. 

CLOCK, V. i. To make a noise like the hen. 

CLOCK'-MA-KER, n. An artificer whose occupation is to 

t CLOCK'-SET-TER, n. One who regulates the clock. 

CLOCK'- Work, n. I. The machinery and movements of 
a clock. 2. Well adjusted work, with regular movement. 
Prior. 

CLOD, n. [D. kluit ; G. Mots.] 1. A hard lump of earth, of 
any kind ; a mass of earth cohering. 2. A lump or mass 
of metal; [little used.] 3. Turf; the ground. 4. That 
which is earthy, base and vile, as the body of man com- 
pared to his soul. 5. A dull, gross, stupid fellow ; a dolt. 
6. Any thing concreted. 

CLOD, V. i. To collect into concretions, or a thick mass ; to 
coagulate. See Clot. 

CLOD, V. t. To pelt with clods. 

CLOD'DY, a. L. Consisting of clods ; abounding with clods. 
2. Earthy ; mean ; gross. 

CLOD'HOP-PER, n. A clown ; a dolt. 

CLOIMPATE, n. A stupid fellow ; a dolt ; a thickskull. 

CLOD'PA-TED, a. Stupid ; dull ; doltish. 

CLOD'PoLL, n. A stupid fellow ; a dolt ; a blockhead. 
Shak. 

CLOFF, n. The same with dough. 

CLOG, V. t. [W. cleg.] 1. To load or fill with something 
that retards or hinders motion. 2. To put on any thing 
that encumbers, with a view to hinder or restrain leap- 
ing ; to shackle. 3. To load with any thing that encum- 
bers ; to burden ; to embarrass. 4. To obstruct natural 
motion, or render it difficult ; to hinder ; to impede. 

CLOG, V. i. 1. To coalesce ; to unite and adhere in a clus- 
ter or mass. 2. To form an accretion ; to be loaded or en- 
cumbered with extraneous matter. 

CLOG, n. 1. Any thing put upon an animal to hinder mo- 
tion, or leaping, as a piece t)f wood fastened to his leg. 
2. An encumbrance ; that which hinders motion, or ren- 
ders it difficult ; hindrance ; impediment. 3. A wooden 
shoe ; also, a sort of patten worn by ladies to keep their 
feet dry in wet weather. 

CLOGGED, pp. Wearing a clog ; shackled ; obstructed ; 
loaded with encumbrance. 

CLOG'GI-NESS, n. The state of being clogged. 

CLOG'GING, ppr. Putting on a clog ; loading with encum- 
brance ; obstructing ; impeding. 

CLOG'GY, a. That clogs, or has power to clog ; thick ; 
gross. 

CLOIS'TER, n. [Fr. cloUre ; Sax. claustr.] 1. A monaste- 
ry or nunnery ; a house inhabited by monks or nuns. 
The principal part of a regular monastery, in which the 
monks meet for conversation. 2. A peristyle ; a piazza. 

CLOIS'TER, V. t. 1. To confine in a cloister or monastery. 
2. To shut up ; to confine closely within walls ; to im- 
mure ; to shut up in retirement from the world. 

CLOIS'TER- AL, a. Confined to a cloister ; retired from the 
world ; recluse. Walton. 

CLOIS'TERED, pp. 1. Shut up in a cloister ; inhabiting a 
monastery. 2. a. Solitary ; retired from the world. 3. 
Built with peristyles or piazzas ; inclosed. 

CLOIS'TER-ER, n. One belonging to the cloister- 



CLOIS'TER-ING, ppr. Shutting up in a monastery ; confin- 
ing ; secluding from the world. 

CLOIS'TRESS, n. A nun ; a woman who has vowed reli- 
gious retirement. [Little used.] 

CLOKE, n. [Sax. lack.] 1. A loose outer garment worn 
over other clothes both by men and women. 2. A cover ; 
that which conceals ; a disguise or pretext ; an excuse ; a 
fair pretense. 

CLOKE, V. t. 1. To cover with a cloke. 2. To hide ; to 
conceal ; to use a false covering. 

CLoKE'-BAG, 71. A bag in which a cloke or other clothes 
are carried ; a portmanteau. 

CLoKED, pp. Covered with a cloke; concealed under a 
cover. 

CLoK'ING, ppr. Covering with a cloke ; hiding under an 
external covering. 

CLOMB, pret. of climb. 

CLONG, old part, of cling. 

CLON'IC, a. [Gr. k\ovos.] Shaking ; convulsive ; irregular. 
Coxe. 

CLOOM, V. t. [Sax. clcBw,an.] To close with glutinous mat- 
ter. [Local.] Mortimer. 

CLOSE, V. t. [Fr. clos.] 1. To shut ; to make fast, by 
pressing together, or by stopping an open place, so as to 
intercept a passage, in almost any manner. 2. To end ; 
to finish ; to conclude ; to complete ; to bring to a period ; 
as, to close a bargain, or contract. 3. To unite, as the 
parts of a breach or fracture ; to make whole ; to consoli- 
date. 4. To cover ; to inclose ; to encompass ; to over- 
whelm. 5. To inclose ; to confine. [See Inclose.] 6. To 
move or bring together ; to unite separate bodies or parts. 

CLOSE, V. i. 1. To unite ; to coalesce ; to come together, 
as, the parts of a wound or fracture, or parts separated 
2. To end ; to terminate, or come to a period. 

To close on or upon, to come to a mutual agreement ; to 
agree on or join in.— T'o close with, to accede to ; to con- 
sent or agree to ; to unite with. — To close vnth, or to close 
in with, to unite ; to join closely ; to grapple, as persons 
in a contest. 

CLOSE, n. 1. An inclosed place ; any place surrounded by 
a fence or other body which defends or confines it. 2. Con- 
clusion ; termination ; final end. 3. A temporary finish- 
ing ; a pause ; rest ; cessation ; intermission. 4. The 
manner of shutting. 5. A grapple in wrestling. 

CLOSE, a. 1. Shut fast ; tight ; made fast, so as to have no 
opening. 2. Having parts firmly united ; compact ; dense , 
applied to solid substances of any kind. 3. Having parts 
firmly adhering ; viscous ; tenacious. 4. Confined ; stag- 
nant ; without ventilation or motion. 5. Confined ; re- 
tired. 6. Hid ; private ; secret. 7. Confined within nar- 
row limits ; narrow. 8. Near ; withiri a small distance. 
9. Joined; in contact, or nearly so ; crowded. 10. Com- 
pressed, as thoughts or words ; hence, brief; concise ; op- 
posed to loose, or diffuse. II. Very near, in place or time , 
adjoining, or nearly so. 12. Having the quality of keep- 
ing secrets, thoughts or designs ; cautious. 13. Having 
an appearance of concealment ; implying art, craft or 
wariness. 14. Intent ; fixed ; attentive; pressing upon 
the object. 15. Full to the point; home; pressing. Jfi. 
Pressing ; earnest ; warm. 17. Confined ; secluded from 
communication. 18. Covetous; penurious; not liberal. 
19. Applied to the weather or air, close, in popular lan- 
guage, denotes warm and damp, cloudy or foggy, or 
warm and relaxing, occasioning a sense of lassitude and 
depression. 20. Strictly adhering to the original. — 21. In 
heraldry, drawn in a coat of arms with the wings close, 
and in a standing posture. 

CLOSE, adv. Closely ; nearly ; densely ; secretly ; pressing- 
ly. Milton. 

CLoSE'-BAND-ED, a. Being in close order ; closely united.* 

CLoSE'-BOD-IED, a. Fitting the body exactly; setting 
close, as a garment. 

CLoSE'-COM-PACT'ED, a. Being in compact order ; com- 
pact. Addison. 

CLoSE'-COUCHED, a. Quite concealed. Milton. 

CLoSE'-CUR-TAINED, a. Inclosed or surrounded with 
curtains. 

€LoSE'-FIST-ED, a. Covetous ; niggardly. Berkeley. 

CLoSE'-HAND-ED, a. Covetous ; penurious. Hale. 

CLoSE'-HAND-ED-NESS, n. Covetousness. 

CLoSE'-HAULED, a. In seamanship, having tlie tacks or 
lower corners of the sails drawn close to the side to wind- 
ward, and the sheets hauled close aft, in sailing near the 
wind. 

CLoSE'-PENT, a Shut close. I)7-7/<Ze7i. 

CLoSE'-aUAR-TERS, n. Strong barriers of wood used in 
a ship for defense when the ship is boarded. 

CLoSE'-STOOL, 71. A chamber utensil for the convenience 
of the sick and infirm. 

CLoSE'-T6NGUED, a. Keeping silence ; cautious in 
speaking. Shak. 

CLOSED, pp. Shut ; made fast ; ended ; concluded. 

CLoSE'LY, adv. 1. In a close, compact manner ; %vitli the 
parts united, or pressed t6gether, so as to leave no vent. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE — C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this j Obsolete. 



CLO 



154 



CLO 



2. Nearly; with little space intervening. 3. Intently; 
anentively ; with the mind or thoughts fixed ; with near 
inspection. 4. Secretly; slily. 5. Wiih near affection, 
attachment or interest ; intimately. 6. Strictly ; within 
close limits ; without communication alwoad. 7. With 
strict adherence to the original. 

CLoSE'NESS, n. 1. The state of being shut, pressed to- 
gether, or united. 2. Compactness ; solidity. 3. Narrow- 
ness ; straitness. 4. Tightness in building, or in apart- 
ments ; firmness of texture in cloth, &c. o. Want of ven- 
tilation. 6 Confinement or retirement of a person ; re- 
cluseneas ; solitude. 7 Reserve in Intercourse ; secrecy ; 
privacy ; caution. 8. Covetousness ; penuriousness. Ad- 
dison. 9. Connection ; near union ; intimacy, whether of 
friendship or of interest. 10. Pressure ; urgency ; vari- 
ously applied. 11. Adherence to an original. 

€LoS'ER, n. A finisher ; one who concludes. 

CLoS'ER, a. comp. of close. More close. 

CLoS'EST, a, superl. o{ close. Most close. 

CLOS'ET, n. 1. A small room Oi apartment for retirement ; 
any room for privacy. 2. An apartment for curiosities cr 
valuable things. 3. A small, close apartment or recess 
in the side of a room for repositing utensils and furni- 
ture 

€LOS'ET, V. t. To shut up in a closet ; to conceal ; to take 
into a private apartment for consultation. 

€L.OS'ET-ED, pp. Shut up in a closet ; concealed. 

CLOS'ET-IiVG, 2W- Shutting up in a private room ; con- 
cealing. 

€LOS'ET-SIN, 11. Sin committed in privacy. 

CLOSH, 71. A disease in the feet of cattle, called also the 
founder. 

CLoS'ING, ppr. Shutting ; coalescing ; agreeing ; ending. 

CLoS'ING, a. That ends or concludes ; as, a closing word 
or letter. 

CLoS'ING, n. End ; period ; conclusion. 

€Lo?'URE, (clo'zhur) n. 1. The act of shutting ; a closing. 
2. That which closes, or shuts ; that by which separate 
parts are fastened, or made to adhere. 3. Inclosure ; that 
which confines. 4. Conclusion. SJiak. 

CLOT, 11. A doncretion, particularly of soft or fluid matter, 
which concretes into a mass or lump. 

CLOT, V. i. 1. To concrete ; to coagulate, as soft or fluid 
matter into a thick, inspissated mass. 2. To form into 
clots or clods ; to adhere. 

CLOT'-BiRD, n. The common (Enay,the, or English ortolan. 

€LOT'-BUR, n. [G. Jdette.] Burdock. 

CLOTH, 71. [Sax. clath. The plural is regular, cloths ; 
but when it signifies garments, it is written clothes.] 
1. A manufacture or stufl", formed by weaving or inter- 
texture of threads, and used for garments or other cover- 
ing. 2. The covf^ring of a table ; usually called a table- 
cloth. 3. The canvas on which pictures are drawn. 4. 
A texture or covering put to a particular use. 5, Dress ; 
raiment. [See Clothes.] 6. The covering of a bed ; [vioC 
nsed.] 

CLoTHE, V. t. ; pret. and pp. clothed, or clad. 1. To put on 
garments ; to invest the body with raiment ; to cover with 
dress. 2. To cover with something ornamental. 3. To 
furnish with raiment ; to provide with clothes ; as, a 
master is to feed and clothe his apprentice. 4. To put on ; 
tn invest ; to cover, as with a garment. 5. To invest ; to 
surround ; to encompass. 6. To invest ; to give to by 
commission. 7. To cover or spread over. 

CLOTHE, V. i. To wear clothes. 

CLoTHED, pp. Covered with garments; dressed; invest- 
ed I furnished with clothing. 

*CLoTHES, (clot]ies,or cloze) n. plu. of cZotA. 1. Garments 
for the human body ; dress ; vestments ; vesture ; a gen- 
eral term for whatever covering is worn, or made to be 
worn, for decency or comfort. 2. The covering of a bed ; 
bed-clothes. 

CLoTH'IER, (cloth'yer) n. 1. In English authors, a man who 
makes cloths ; a maker of cloth. Johnson. — 2. In Jlmeri- 
cn_, a man whose occipation is to full and dress c^oth. 

CLoTJI'ING, ppr. Cov'ering with or putting on vestments 
of any kind ; providing with garments ; investing ; cover- 
irig. 

CLoTH'ING, 71. 1. Garments in general; clothes; dress; 
raiinent ; covering. 2. The art or practice of making 
cloth ; [v.viijvM.'] 

CLOTH-SHeAR-ER, 71. One who shears cloth, and frees 
it froni superfluous nap. 

CLOTH -W6RK-ER, n. A maker of cloth. 

CLQT'PoLL, n. A thickskuU ; a blockhead. See Clod- 
poll. 

CIjOT'TED, pp. Concreted into a mass ; inspissated ; adher- 
ing in a lump. 

CLOT'TER, v. i. To concrete or gather into lumps. 

CLOT'TING, ppr. Concreting ; inspissating ; forming into 
clots. 

<;L0T'TY, a. Full of clots, or small, hard masses ; full of 
concretions, or clods. 

CLOUD 71. 1. A collection of visible vapor, or watery parti- ( 



cles, suspended in the. atmosphere, at some altitude. 2 A 
state of obscurity or darkness. 3. A collection of smoke, 
or a dense collection of dust, rising or floating in the air, 
4. The dark or varied colors, in veins or spots, on stones 
or other bodies, are called clouds. 5. A great multitude , 
a vast collection. 

CLOUD, V. t. 1. To overspread with a cloud or clouds. 2. 
To obscure ; to darken . 3. To darken in veins or spots ; 
to variegate with colors. 4. To make of a gloomy aspect ; 
to give the appearance of sullenness. 5. To sully ; to 
tarnish. 

CLOUD, V. i. To grow cloudy ; to become obscure with 
clouds. 

CLOUD'-AS-CEND'ING, a. Ascending to the clouds 

CLOUD -BER-RY. n. A plant, called also knot-berry ; rubus 
chammmorus, 

CLOUD'-BORN, a. Born of a cloud. Dryden. 

CLOUD'-CAPT, a. Capped with clouds; touching the 
clouds ; lofty. Shak. 

CLOUD'-COM-PEL'LER, n. He that collects clouds ; Jove. 

CLOUD'-COM-PEL'LING, a. Collecting clouds ; or driving 
clouds. Dryden. 

CLOUD'-CoV-ERED, a. Enveloped with clouds. 

€L0UC'-DIS-PEL'LING, a. Having power to disperse 
clouds. 

CLOUD'-E-CLIPSED, a. Eclipsed by a cloud. Shak. 

CLOUD'ED, pp. Overcast ; overspread with clouds ; ob- 
scured ; darkened ; rendered gloomy or sullen ; variegated 
v/ith colored spots or veins. 

CLOUD'I-LY, adv. With clouds ; darkly ; obscurely. 

CLOUD'I-NESS, n. 1. The state of being overcast with 
clouds. 2. Obscurity ; gloom ; want of brightness. 3 
Darkness of appearance ; variegation of colors in a fossil 
or other body. 4. Appearance of gloom or sullenness. 

CLOUD'ING, ppr. Overspreading with clouds ; obscuring ; 
giving an appearance of gloom or sullenness. 

CLOUL'-KISS-ING, a. Touching the clouds. Shak. 

CLOUD'LESS, a. Being without a cloud ; unclouded ; clear , 
bright ; luminous. 

CLOUD'-PIERC-ING, a. Penetrating or rising above the 
clouds. Philips. 

CLOUD'-TOPT, a. Having the top covered with a cloud. 
Grail. 

CL0UD'-T6UCH-ING, a. Touching the clouds. 

CLOUD' Y, a. 1. Overcast with clouds ; obscured with 
clouds. 2. Consisting of a cloud or clouds. 3. Obscure ; 
dark ; not easily understood. 4. Having the appearance 
of gloom ; indicating gloom, anxiety, sullenness, or ill- 
nature ; not open or cheerful. 5. Indicating gloom or sul- 
lenness ; as, cloudy wrath. 6. Marked with veins or f.potg 
of dark or various hues, as marble. 7. Not bright. 

^CLoUGH, (cluf ) n. [Sax. dough.] A cleft in a hill.— In 
commerce, an allowance of two pounds in every hundred 
weight, for the turn of the scale, that the commodity may 
iiold out in retailing. 

CLOUT, 71. [Sax. cliLt.] 1. A patch ; a piece of cloth or 
leather, &c., to close abroach. 2. A piece of cloth for 
mean purposes. 3. A piece of white cloth, for arcliers to 
shoot at. yJsTot now tised.] Shak. 4. An iron plate on an 
axletree, to keep it from wearing. 5. [Fr. clou, clouter.] 
A small nail. — 6. In vulgar language, a blow with the 
hand. JVew England. Todd. 

CLOUT, V. t. 1. To patch ; to mend by sewing on a piece 
or patch. 2. To cover with a piece of cloth. 3. To join 
clumsily. 4. To cover or arm with an ii-on plate. 5. To 
strike ; to give a blow. — Clouted cream, in Gay, is evi- 
dently a mistake for clotted cream. 

CLOUT'ED, pp. Patched ; mended clumsily ; covered with 
a clout. 

CLOUT'ER-LY, a. Clumsy ; awkward. Mortimer. 

CLOUT'ING, ppr. Patching ; covering with a clout. 

t CLOVE, 2>''e''. of cleave. Spenser. 

CLOVE, 77,. [D. kloof.] A cleft ; a fissure ; a gap ; a ravine 
It is properly a Dutch word. Joum. of Science. 

CLOVE, 71. [Sax. clufe.] 1. A very pungent, aromatic 
spice, the flower of the clove-tree, caryophyllus. 2. [From 
cleave.] The parts into which garlic s"eparates, when tlie 
outer skin is removed. 3. A certain weight ; seven pounds 
of wool ; eight pounds of cheese or butter. 

€LoVE'-6IL-LY-FL0W-ER, n. A species of dianthus, 
bearing a beautiful flower. 

CLo'VEN, (cloivn) pp. of cleave. Divided; parted. 

CLo'VEN-POOT-ED, ) a. Having the foot or hoof divided 

CLo'VEN-HOOFED, \ into two parts, as the ox ; bisul- 
cous= 

CLo'VER, or CLo'VER-GRASS, 74. [Sax. clcBfer-tovrt.] A 
genus of plants, called trifolium, trefoil, or three-leafed 
Fr. trejle. — To live in clover, is to live luxuriously, or in 
abundance. 

€rLo'VERED, a. Covered with clover. Thomson. 

CLOWN, n. [L. colonus.] A countryman ; a rustic ; Iience, 
one who has the manners of a rustic ; a churl ; a man of 
coarse manners ; an ill-bred man. 

t CLOWN'AGE, 71. The manners of a clown. 



See Synopsis. A, it, I, O, Vy "2, long.— FAR, FALL, WH^^T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ; 



■j- Obsolete, 



CLU 



155 



COA 



€LOWN'ER-Y, 'n. Ill-breeding j rustic behavior ; rudeness 
of manners. [^Little used.'] 

€LOWN'ISH, a. 1. Containing clowns ; consisting of rus- 
tics. 2. Coarse j hard ; rugged ; rough. 3. Of rough man- 
ners ; ill-bred. 4. Clumsy ; awkward 

€LOWN'ISH-LY, adv. In the manner of clowns ; coarsely j 
rudely. 

€LOWN'ISH-NESS, n. The manners of a clown ; rustici- 
ty ; coarseness or rudeness of behavior ; incivility j awk- 
wardness. 

CLOWN 'S-MUS'TARD, n. A plant. 

CLOY, V. t. [Fr. clouer.] 1 . To fill ; to glut ; to satisfy, as 
the appetite ; to satiate. 2. To spike up a gun ; to drive 
a spike into the vent.— 3. In farriery, to prick a' horse in 
shoeing. 

CLOYED, pp. Filled j glutted ; filled to satiety and lothing ; 
spiked ; pricked in shoeing, 

CLOY ING, ppr. Filling 5 filling to satiety or disgust. 

CLOY'LESS, a. That cannot cloy, or fill to satiety. 

CLOY'MENT, n. Surfeit ; repletion beyond the demands 
of appetite. [Liltleiised.] Shak. 

CLUB, n. [W. clopa, clwpa.] 1. Properly, a stick or piece 
of wood, with one end thicker and heavier than the other, 
and no larger than can be wielded with the hand. ,2. A 
thick, heavy stick, that may be managed with the hand, 
and used for beating, or defense. 3. The name of one of 
the suits of cards ; so named from its figure. 4. A collec- 
tion or assembly of men ; usually, a select number of 
friends met for social or literary purposes. 5. A collection 
of expenses ; the expenses of a company. 6. Contribu- 
tion ; joint charge. 

CLUB, V. i. [W. clapiaw.] 1. To join, as a number of in- 
dividuals, to the same end. 2. To pay an equal propor- 
tion of a common reckoning or charge. 

CLUB, V. t. 1. To unite difierent sums of expense in a 
common sum or collection. — 2. In common parlance, to 
raise or turn uppermost the britch or club of a musket. 

CLUBBED, pp. 1. Collected into a sum and averaged, as 
different expenses. 2. United to one end or effect. 3. 
Shaped like a club. 4. Having the britch turned up- 
wards, as a musket. 5. Heavy, like a club. 

CLUB BER, or CLUB'BIST, n. One who belongs to a party, 
club or association. Burke. 

CLUB'BING, ppr. Joining in a club ; uniting to a common 
end. 

CLUB'-FIST, n. A large, heavy fist. 

€LUB'-FIST-ED, a. Having a large fist. Hoinell. 

CLUB'-FOOT-ED, a. Having short or crooked feet. 

CLUB'-HEAD-ED, a. Having a thick head. Derham. 

CLUB -LAW, n. Government by clubs, or violence ; the 
use of arhis, or force, in place of law ; anarchy. 

€LUB'-MAN, n. One who carries a club. 

CLUB'-ROOM, n. The apartment in which a club meets. 

€LUB'-RUSH, n. A genus of plants, the scirpus. 

CLUB'-SHaPED, a. Shaped like a club ; growing thicker 
towards the top ; clavated. 

CLUCK, v.i. [Sax. cloccan.] To make the noise, or utter 
the voice, of the domestic hen. 

CLUCK, V. t. To call chickens by a particular sound. Shak. 

CLUCK'ING,ppr. Uttering the voice of a sitting hen ; call- 
ing chickens. 

CLUE. See Clew. 

CLUMP, 7?. [G. klump.] 1. A thick, short piece of wood, 
or other solid substance ; a shapeless mass. 2. A cluster 
of trees or shrubs ; formerly written plump. In some parts 
of Encrland, it is an adjective, signifying lazy, unhandy. 

CLUMP'ER, V. t. To form into clumps or masses. More. 

CLUMPS, 71. A stupid fellow ; a numskull. 

CLUM'31-LY, adv. In a clumsy manner ; awkwardly ; in 
an unhandy manner ; without readiness, dexterity or 
grace. 

CLUM'SI-NESS, n. The quality of being short and thick, 
and moving heavily ; awkwardness ; unhandiness 5 un- 
gainliness. 

CLUM'SY, a. 1. Properly, short and thick. 2. Moving 
heavily, slowly or awkwardly. 3. Awkward ; ungainly ; 
unhandy ; artless ; without readiness, dexterity or grace. 
4. Ill-made ; badly constructed. 

CLUNCH, n. Among miners, indurated clay, found in coal 
pits next to the coal. Bailey. 

CLUNG, prct. and pp. of dins, which see. 

t CLUNG, w. i. To shrink. See Cling. 

\ CLUNG, a. Wasted with leanness ; shrunk with cold. 

CLu'NI-AC, n. One of a reformed order of Benedictine 
monks, so called from Cluni, in Burgundy. 

CLUS'TER, n. [Sax. cluster.] 1. A bunch ; a number of 
things of the same kind growing or joined together ; a 
knot. 2. A number of individuals or things collected or 
gathered into a close body. 3. A number of things situ- 
ated near each other. 

CLUS'TER, V. i. 1. To grow in clusters ; to gather or 
unite in a bunch, or bunches. 2. To form into flakes. 3. 
To collect into flocks or crowds. 

CLUS'TER, V. t. To collect into a bunch, or close body, 



CLUS'TERED, pp. Collected into a cluster, or crowd 
crowded. 

CLUS'TER-GRAPE, n. A small black grape. 

CLUS'TER-ING, ppr. Growing in a cluster, or in bunches ; 
uniting in a bunch, or in a flock, crowd, or close body. 

CLUS'TER-Y, a. Growing in clusters ; full of clusters. 

CLUTCH, V. t. 1. To double in the fingers, and pinch or 
compress them together ; to clinch. 2. To seize, clasp or 
gripe with the hand. 3. To seize, or gra'ip. 

CLUTCH, ?i. A griping or pinching with the fingers 5 seiz- 
ure ; grasp. 

CLUTCH'ES, plu. 1. The paws or talons of a rapacious 
animal, as of a cat or dog. 2. The hands, in the sense 
of instruments of rapacity or cruelty, or of power. 

CLUT'TER, n. [W. cluder.] 1. A heap or assemblage of 
things lying in confusion. 2. Noise ; bustle. 

CLUT'TER, V. t. To crowd together in disorder ; to fill 
with things in confusion. 

CLUT'TER, V. i. To make a bustle, or fill with confu- 
sion. 

CLUT'TERED, pp. Encumbered with things in disorder. 

CLUT'TER-lNG,pp-. Encumbering with things in confu- 
sion. 

*CLYS'TER, n. [Gr. KKvarri^.] An injection; a liquid 
substance injected into the lower intestines. 

CLYS'TER-lZE, v, i. To apply a clyster. Cotgrave. 

CLYS'TER-PIPE, n. A tube or pipe used for iniections. 

CLYS'TER-WISE, adv. In the manner of a clyster. 

CO, a prefix, signifying v-ith, in conjunction. See Cow. 

CO-A-CERV'ATE, v. t. [L. coacervo.] To heap up ; to pile 

iLittleused.] 
-A-CERV'ATE, a. [L. coacervatus.] Heaped ; raised 
into a pile ; collected into a crowd. [Little used.] 

CO-AC-EK-VA'TION, n. The act of heaping, or state of 
being heaped together. {Little used.] 

CoACH, n. [Fr. coche.] A close vehicle for commodious 
traveling, borne on four wheels, and drawn by horses or 
other annuals. It differs from a chariot in having seats in 
front, as well as behind. — Hackney-coacJi , a coach kejit 
for hire. — Mail-coach, a coach that carries the public nuiils. 
— Stage-coach, a coach that regularly conveys passengers 
from town to town. See Stage. 

CoACUI, or COUCH, n. An apartment ^.n a large ship of war 
near the stern, the roof of which is formed by the poop 
Mar. Diet. 

CoACH, v. t. To carry in a coach. Pope. 

t CoACH, V. i. To ride in a coach. Waterhouse. 

CoACH'-BOX, n. The seat on which the driver of a coach 
sits. Arhiithnot. 

CoACH'-HIRE, n. Money paid for the use of a hired 
coach. 

CoACH'-HORSE, n. A horse used in drawing coaches. 

CoACH'-HOUSE, n. A house to shelter a coach lioni the 
weather. S^icift. 

CoAOH'-Ma-KER, n. A man whose occupation is to make 
coaches. Sicift. 

CoACH'FUL, n. A coach filled with persons. Jiddison. 

CoACH'MAN, n. The person who drives a coach. 

CoACH'MAN-SHIP, n. Skill in driving coaches. 

t CO-ACT', V. i. To act together. Shak. 

JCO-ACT'ED, pp. or a. Forced; compelled. 

CO-ACTION, 7?. [L. ccactio.] Force ; compulsion, either 
in restraining or impelling. South. 

CO-ACT'lVE, a. 1. Forcing ; compulsory ; having the pow- 
er to impel or restrain. Raleigh. 2. Acting in concur- 
rence. 

CO-ACT'IVE-IiY, adv. In a compulsory manner. 

* CO-AD-Ju'aiENT, n. Mutual assistance. 

* €0-AD-Ju'TANT, a. [L. co7i and adjutans.] Helping; 
mutually assisting or operating. 

CO-AD-Ju'TOR, 71. 1. One who aids another ; an assist- 
ant ; a fellow-helper ; an associate in operation. — 2. In 
the canon law, one who is empowered or appoin'ed to 
perform the duties of another. 

CO-AD-JU'TOR-SHIP, n. Joint aid. 

CO-AD-JU'TRIX, 7). A female assistant. Smollett 

* CO-AD-JtJ'VAN-CY, n. Joint help ; assistance ; concur- 
rent aid ; co-operation. [Little used.] 

CO-AD'U-NATE, a. [L. coadunatus.] In botany, ccidunatc 
leaves are several united at the base. 

CO-AD-U-Ni"TION, n. The union of different substances 
in one mass. [Little used.] Hale. 

CO-AD-VENT'UR-ER, n. A fellow adventurer. 

CO-AF-FOR'EST, v. t. Tc convert ground into a fore^it. 

C0-a'6ENT, n. An assistant or associate in an act. Beaum. 

t CO-AG-MENT', V. t. [L. coagmento.] To congregate 01 
heap together. Olanville. 

CO-AG-MEN-Ta'TION, 71. Collection into a mass or united 
body ; union ; conjunction. [Little Jised.] 

CO-AG-MENT'ED, a. Congregated ; heaped together; uni- 
ted in one mass. [Little used.] 

CO-AG-U-LA-BIL'I-TY, n. The capacity of being coagu- 
lated. 

CO-AG'U-LA-BLE, a. That may be concreted : capable of 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— B JJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



COA 



156 



COB 



congealing or changing from a liquid to an inspissated 
state. 

€0-AG'U-LATE, v. t. [L. coagulo.] To concrete ; to cur- 
dle ; to congeal • to change from a fluid into a fixed sub- 
stance, or solid mass. 

eO-AG'U-LATE, v. i. To curdle or congeal ; to turn from 
a fluid into a consistent state, or fixed substance; to 
thicken. 

€0-AG'U-LA-TED, pp. Concreted ; curdled. 

eO-AG'U-LA-TING, ppr. Curdling ; congealing. 

€0-AG-U-La'TION, n. The act of changing from a fluid to 
a fixed state ; concretion ; the state of being coagulated ; 
the body formed by coagulating. 

€0-AG'U-LA-TiVE, a. That has the power to cause con- 
cretion. Boyle. 

€0-AG'U-LA-TOR, n. That which causes coagulation. 

€0-AG'U-LUM, 71. Rennet ; curd ; the clot of blood, sepa- 
rated by cold, acid, &c. 

CO-A'I-TJ, 71. A species of monkey in South America. 

eoAK. See Coke. 

€oAL, 71. [Sax. col, or coll.] 1. A piece of wood, or other 
combustible substance, ignited, burning, or charred. 2. 
In tlie language of chemists, any substance containing oil, 
which has been exposed to a fire in a close vessel, so that 
its volatile matter is expelled, and it can sustain a red heat 
without further decomposition. — 3. In mineralogy, a sol- 
id, opaque, inflammable substance, found in the earth, 
and, by way of distinction, cbWqA fossil coal. 

CoAL, v.t. 1. To burn to coal, or charcoal ; to char. 2. 
To mark or delineate with cliarcoal. 

t^oAL'-BLA€K, a. Black as a coal ; very black. 

€oAL'-BOX, 71. A box to carry coal to the fire. Swift. 

€OAL'-FISH, n. A species of gadus, or cod. 

€oAL'-HOUSE, n. A house or shed for keeping coal. 

€oAL'-MINE, n. A mine or pit in which coal is dug. 

€'oAL'-MiN'ER, n. One who works in a coal-mine. 

€oAL'-MOUSE, n. A small species of tit-mouse, with a 
black head. 

€oAiy-PIT, n. A pit where coal is dug.— In America, a 
place where charcoal is made. 

€oAL'-SHIF, n. A ship employed in transporting coal. 

CoAL'-STONE, n. A kind of cannel-coal. 

€oAL'-W6RK, ?i. Accalery; a place where coal is dug, 
including tlie machmery for raismg the coal. 

€oAL'ER-Y, 71. A coal-mine, coal-pit, or place where coals 
are dug. 

€0-A-LESCE', (ko-a-less') v. i. [L. coalesce] I. To grow 
together ; to unite, as separate bodies, or separate parts, 
into one body. 2. I'o unite and adhere in one body or 
mass, by spontaneous approximation or attraction. 3. 
To unite in society, in a more general sense. 

eO-A-LES'CENCE, n. The act of growing together ; the 
act of uniting by natural affinity or attraction ; the state 
of being united ; union ; concretion. 

eO-A-LES'CENT, a. Joined ; united. 

eO-A-LES'CING, ppr. Growing or coming together; unit- 
ing in a body or mass ; uniting and adhering together. 

eoAL'IER, or CoAE'LIER. See Collier. 

t€0'A-LITE, t;. i. To unite or coalesce. Bolinghroke. 

€0-A-Li"TION, 7(. 1. Union in a body or mass ; a coming 
together, as of separate bodies or parts, and their union in 
one body or mass. 2 Union of individual persons, par- 
ties or states. 

CO-Ali-LY', n. A joint ally ; a3, the subject of a co-ally. 
Kent._ 

eoAL'5f, a. Like coal ; containing coal. Milton 

eoAM'INGS, n In ships, the raised borders or edges of the 
hatches. 

€0-AP-PRE-HEND', v. t. To apprehend with another. 
[Little used.l Brown. 

eO-AP-TA'TIDN, 71. The adaptation or adjustment of parts 
to each other. Boyle. 

CO-aRCT', ; V. t. [L. coarcto.] l.,To press together; 

€0-aR€'TATE, \ to crowd ; to straiten ; to confine close- 
ly. 2. To restrain ; to confine. 

€0-AR€-TA'Ti:ON, 7i. 1. Confinement ; restraint to a nar- 
row space. 2. Pressure ; contraction. 3. Restraint of 
liberty. 

CoARSE, a. 1. Thick ; large or gross in bulk ; compara- 
tively of large diameter. 2 Thick ; rough ; or made of 
coarse thread or yarn 3. Not refined ; not separated 
from grosser particles or impurities. 4. Rude ; rough ; 
unrefined; uncivil. 5. Gross; not delicate. 6. Rude; 
rough ; unpolished ; inelegant. 7. Not nicely expert ; 
not accomplished by art or education. 8. Mean ; not 
nice ; not refined or elegant. 

CoARSE'LY, adv. Roughly ; without fineness or refine- 
n.ent ; rudely ; inelegantly ; uncivilly ; meanly ; without 
art or polish. 

CoARSE'NESS, n. 1. Largeness of size ; thickness. 2. 
The quality of bemg made of coarse thread or yarn ; whence 
thickness and roughness. 3. Unrefined state ; the state 
of being mixed with gross particles or impurities. 4. 
Roughness ; grossness ; rudeness. 5. Grossness ; want of 



refinement or delicacy ; want of polish. 6 Meanness 
want of art in preparation ; want of nicety. 

€0-AS-SES'SOR, n. A joint assessor. 

€0-AS-SuME', V. t. To assume something fi^ith another 
Walsall. 

€oAST, n. [L. casta ; W. cost ; Fr. cote.] 1. The exteri- 
or line, lunit or border of a country. 2. The edge or 
margin of the land next to the sea ; the seasliore. 3. A 
side. 4. The country near the sea-shore. — The coast is 
clear is a proverbial phrase, signifying, the danger is over ; 
the enemies have marched off", or left the coast. 

€oAST, V i 1. To sail near a coast ; to sail by or near the 
shore, or in sight of land. 2. To sail from port to port in 
the same country. 

Coast, v. t. l. To saU by or near to. 2. To draw near ; 
to approach ; to follow ; [obs.] 

CoAST'ED, pp. Sailed by. 

CoAST'ER, 71. 1. One who sails near the shore. 2. A 
vessel that ia employed in sailing along a coast, or is li- 
censed to navigate or trade from port to port in the same 
country. 

CoAST'ING, ]yr. Sailing along or near a coast. 

CoAST'ING-Pl'LOT, n. A pilot who conducts vessels along 
a coast. 

CoAST'ING-TRADE, n. The trade which is carried on be- 
tween the different ports of the same country. 

CoAST'ING-VES'SEL, n. A vessel employed in coasting ; 
a coaster. 

CoAT, 7(. [Fr. cotte.] 1. An upper garment. 2. A petti- 
coat ; a gannent worn by infants or young chDdren. 3. 
The habit or vesture of an order of men, indicating the or- 
der or olfice. 4. External covering, as the fur or hair of 
a beast. 5. A tunic of the eye ; a membrane that serves 
as a cover ; a tegument. 6. The division or layer of a 
bulbous root. 7. A cover ; a layer of any substance cov- 
ering another. 8. That on which ensigns armorial are 
portrayed, usually called a coat of arms. 9. A coat of 
mail is a piece of armor, in form of a shut, consisting of h 
net-work of iron rings. 10. A card ; a coat-card is one on 
which a king, queen or knave is painted. 

CoAT, v.t. 1. To cover or spread over with a layer of any 
substance. 2. To cover with cloth or canvas. 

CoAT'-AR-MOR, n. A coat of arms; armorial ensigns. 

€oAT'-€ARD, n. [From the dress or coat in which the 
king, queen and knave are represented-] A card ; called, 
also, court-card. B. Jonson. 

CoAT'ED, pp. 1. Covered with a coat ; loricated ; covered 
or overspread with any thing that defends ; clothed with 
a membrane. 2. Having concentric coats or layers. 

COATI, 7^. An animal of South America, resembling the 
racoon, but with a longer body and neck, shorter fur, and 
smaller eyes. 

CoAT'ING, ppr. Covering with a coat ; overspreading. 

COATING, 71. 1. A covering, or the act of covering ; lorica- 
tion ; any substance spread over for cover or defense. 2, 
Cloth for coats ; as, merchants advertise an assortment of 
coatings. 

€oAX, (koks) V. t. [W. cocni.] To wheedle ; to flatter ; to 
soothe, appease or persuade by flattery and fondling. [Ji 
low word.] 

fCoAX, n. A dupe. Beaumont and Fletcher. 

fCOAX-A'TION, 71. The art of coaxing. 

Coaxed, pp. soothed or persuaded by flattery. 

CoAX'ER, n. A wheedler ; a flatterer. 

COAX'ING, pjjr. Wheedlmg ; flattering. 

COB, 71. [W. col), or cop.] 1. The top or head ; a covetous 
wretch ; a foreign coin. 2. In America, the receptacle of 
the maize, or American corn ; a shoot in form of a pin or 
spike, on which grows the corn in rows. This recepta- 
cle, with the corn, is called the car. 3. [It. gahbluno.] 
A sea-fowl, the sea-cob. 4. A ball or pellet for feeding 
fowls. 5. li\ some parts of En gland, diST^iAex. 6. Ahorse 
not castrated ; a strong poney. 

COB, V. t. In seanieji^s language, to punish by striking the 
breech with a flat piece of wood, or with a board. 

* Co'BALT, n. [D. cobalt.] A mineral of a reddish-gray or 
grayish-white color. — Cobalt-bloom, acicular arseniate of 
cobalt. — Cobalt-crust, earthy arseniate of cobalt. 

CO-BALT'IC, a. Pertaining to cobalt, or consisting of it ; 
resembling cobalt, or containing it. 

COB'BLE,orCOB'BLE-STONE,7i. rEng. copple.] A round- 
ish stone ; a pebble ; supposed to be a fragment, rounded 
by tlie attrition of water. We give this name to stones 
of various sizes, from that of a hen's egg, or smaller, to 
that of large paving stones. These stones are called by 
the English copple-stones, and bowlder-stones, or bowl- 
ders. 

COB'BLE, V. t. 1. To ro^ke or mend coarsely, as shoes ; to 
botch. 2. To make or do clumsily or unhandily. Dry- 
den. 

COB'BLER, 71. 1. A mender of shoes. 2. A clumsy work 
man. 3. A mean person. 

COB'BLING, ppr. Mending coarsely. 

t COB'BY, a. Stout ; brisk. Chaucer. 



* See Synopsis. A, K, I, O, U, Y, long^FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— PIN, MARINE, EiRT) ; 



t Obsolete 



coc 



157 



COE 



€OB'€AL, n. A sandal worn by ladies in the East. 

eOB'€oALS, n. Large round coals. 

CO-BEL-LIG'ER-ENT, a. Carrying on war in conjunction 
with another power. 

eO-BEL-LlO'ER-ENT, n. A nation or state that carries 
on war in connection with another. 

€OB'I-RON, n. An andiron with a linob at the top. 

€0-BISH OP, n. A joint or coadjutant bishop. 

Co'BLE, w. [Sax. cuople.] A boat used in the herring fish- 
ery. 

eOB'LoAP, n. A loaf that is irregular, uneven or crusty. 

eOB'NUTj n. A boy's play, or a hazel-nut ; the conquer- 
ing nut. 

€0-BOB'. See Cab OB. 

€0-BOOSE' See Caboose. 

eOB'STONE See Cobble. 

eOB'SWAN, n. The head or leading swan. 

eOB'WEB, n [cob, or koppe.] 1. The line, thread or fila- 
ment which a spider spins from its abdomen ; the net- 
work spread by a spider to catch its prey. 2. Any snare, 
implying insidiousness and weakness. — In this sense it is 
iLscd adjectivehj, or in composition, for thin, flimsy, slender, 
feeble. Sioift. 

eOB'WEBBED, a. 1. In botany, covered with a thick inter- 
woven pubescence. 2. Covered with cobwebs. 

€o'CA. See Cacoa and Cocoa. 

CO'CA-LON, n. A large cocoon, of a weak texture. 

€Oe-CIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. coccus and fero.] Bearing or pro- 
ducing berries. 

€0€'€0-LlTE, n. [Gr. kokkos andXidog.] A variety of au- 
gite or pyroxene. 

€Oe'€U-LUS IN'DI-€US. The fruit of the menispermum 
cocciilus, a poisonous berry. 

eOC'GYX, 71. [L.] In anatomy, a bone joined to the ex- 
tremity of the OS sacrum. 

* eOCH I-NEAL, n. [Sp. coclmiilla.] An insect, the coccus 
cacti, of the genus coccus. These insects form a mass or 
drug, which is the proper cochineal of the shops. It is 
used in giving red colors, especially crimson and scarlet, 
and for making carmine. 

rOpS'l'F'A^/' I ^' L^-^- cochlea.] Having the form of a 

eOCH LE-A-TED J screw ; spiral ; turbinated. 

COeU'LITE, n. [Gr. Kox^iag.] A fossil shell. 

COCK, n. [Sax. coc ,• Fr. coq.] 1. The male of birds, par- 
ticularly of gallinaceous or dcimestic fowls. 2. A weath- 
er-cock ; a vane in shape of a cock. 3. A spout ; an in- 
strument to draw out or discharge liquor from a cask, vat 
or pipe ; so named from its projection. 4. The projecting 
corner of a hat. 5. A small conical pile of hay, so shaped 
for shedding rain ; called in England a cop. (5. The style 
or gnomon of a dial. 7. The needle of a balance. 8. The 
piece which covers the balance in a clock or watch. 9. 
[It. cocca.] The notch of an arrow. 10. The part of a 
musket or other fire arm, to which a flint is attached, and 
which, being impelled by a spring, strilvos fire. 11. A 
small boat. [W. cicc ; It. cocca.] It is now called a cock- 
boat. 12. A leader; a chief man. 13. Cock-crowing; 
the time when cocks crow in the morning.— C'ocA; a hoop, 
or cock on the hoop, a phrase denoting triumph ; triumph- 
ant; exulting. — Cock and a bull, a phrase denoting te- 
dious trifling stories. 

eOCK, V. t. 1. To set erect ; to turn up. 2. To set the 
brim of a hat so as to make sharp corners or points ; or to 
set up with an air of pertness. 3. To make up hay in 
Small conical piles. 4. To set or draw back the cock of a 
gun, in order to fire. 

eOCK, V. i. To hold up the head ; to strut ; to look big, 
pert, or menacing. 2. To train or use fighting cocks ; 
[little_used.] 3. To cocker ; [not in use.] 

COCK-aDE', n. [Fr. cocarde.] A riband or knot of riband, or 
something similar, worn on the hat, usually by officers of 
the army or navy, sometimes by others. 

COCK-aD'ED, a. Wearing a cockade. Young . 

€;0€K'AL, n. A game called huckle-honc. Kinder. 

€0€K-A-TOO', n. A bird of the parrot kind. Herbert. 

COCK'A-TRICE, n. [Fr. cocatrix.] A serpent imagined to 
proceed from a cock's egg. 

GOCK-BILL. In scamen^s language, the anchor is a cock- 
bill, when it is suspended perpe°ndicularly from the cat- 
head, ready to be let go in a moment. 

COCK -Boat, 71. A small boat. See Cock, JVo. 11. 

COCK -BRAINED, a. Giddy; rash. Milton. 

COCK'-BROTH, n. Broth made by boiling a cock. 

eOCK'-CHAF-FER, n. The May-bug or dorr-beetle, a spe- 
cies of scarabcBUS. 

CoeK'-eRoW-ING, 71. 'The time at which cocks crow; 
early n)orning» 

eOCK'ER, V. t. [W. cocru.] To fondle ; to indulge : to 
treat with tenderness ; to pamper. 

eOCK'ER, 71. 1. One who follows cock-fighting. 2. A sort 
of spatter-dash. 

€0€K'ER-EL, n. A young cock. Dryden. 



€0€KER-ING, n. Indulgence. Milton. 

COCK'ET, a. Brisk; pert. Sherwood. 

COCK'ET, n. A seal of the custom-house ; a royal seal , 
rather a scroll of parchment, sealed and delivered by the 
oflicers of the custom-house to merchants, as a warrant 
that their merchandise is entered. The ofiice of entry. 

€OCK'ET-BRE AD, n. The finest sort of tvJieat bread. 

€0€K'-FlGHT-ING ( "' -^ "^^^tch or contest of cocks. 

eOCK'-HORSE, a. On horse back; triumphant; exult- 
ing. . 

€0€K'ING, n. Cock-fighting. Beaumont. 

€0€?KLE, n. [Sax. coccol.] A plant or weed. 

COCKLE, n. [Fr. coque, coquille.] 1. A small testaceous 
shell ; or rather a genus of shells, the cardium. 2. A min- 
eral. 3. A young cock ; [ohs ;] see Cockerel. 

COCKLE, V. i. or t. To contract into wrinkles ; to shrink, 
pucker, or wrinkle, as cloth. 

COCKLED, pp. 1. Contracted into folds or wrinkles 
winding. 2. Having shells. 

COCK.LER, 7^. One that takes and sells cockles. 

COCKLE-STAIRS, n. Winding or spiral stairs. 

€0€K'-LOFT, 71. The top-loft ; tije upper room in a house 
or other building ; a lumber room. 

€0€K'-MAS-TER, n. One who breeds game cocks. 

COCK'-MATCH, n. A match of cocks ; a cock-fight. 

eOCK'NEY, n. [most probably from L. coquina, a kitchen, 
or coquino, to cook.] 1. A native of Iflndon, by way of 
contempt. 2. An effeminate, ignorant, despicable citizen. 

€OCK'NEY-LlKE, a. Resembling the manners of a coc-k- 
ney. 

COCK'-PAD-DLE, n. The lump-fish or sea-owl. Encyc. 

COCK'PIT 71. L A pit or area, where game cocks fight. — 
2. In ships of war, a ^oom or apartment, in which the 
wounded men are dressed. 

COCK'RoACH, n. A genus of insects, the blatta. 

COCKS'CoMB, n. 1. The caruncle or comb of a cock. 
2. A plant. 3. A fop, or vain silly fellow. See Coxcomb. 

GOCKS'HEAD, 71. A plant, the hedysarum or s-iivfoiii. 

COCK'SHUT, 71. The. close of the day, when fowls go to 
roost, 

COCK'SPUR, 71. Virginia hawthorn, a species of medlar. 

COCK'SURE. a. Confidently certain. [A low word.] 

* COCK'SWAIN, n. [in familiar speech, contracted into 
cozen.] An officer on board of a ship who has the care of 
the boat and the boat's crew. 

COCK'- WEED, 71. A plant, called also dittander and pepper- 
wort. 

Co'COA, (coco) 71. [Sp. coco.] A tree belonging to the 
genus cocos, of the order of palmcB ,• and the fruit or nut 
of the tree. 

Co'COA-NUT, n. The nut or fruit of the cocoa-tree. 

CO-COON', n. [Fr. eoco7«.J An oblong ball or case in which 
the silk-worm involves itself. 

COCTlLE, a. [L. coctilis.] Made by baking, or exposing 

COCTIO'n, n. [L. coctio.] The act of boiling or exposing 
to heat in liquor. — In medicine, that alteration in tlie crude 
matter of a disease, which fits it for a discharge ; diges- 
tion. 

COD, or COD'FISH, n. A species of fish, of the genus 
gadus, inhabiting northern seas. 

COD, 71. [Sax. codd.] 1. Any husk, envelop or case, con- 
taining the seeds of a plant ; a pod. 2. A bag ; the scro- 
tum. 3. A pillow ; [not in use.] 

t COD, V. i. To inclose in a cod. Mortimer. 

COD'DED, a. Inclosed in a cod. Mortimer. 

COD'DER, n. A gatherer of cods or peas. Johnson 

COD'DY, a. Husky. Sherwood 

CODE, n. [L. codex, or caudex ; Fr. code.] 1. A collection 
of the laws and constitutions of the Roman emperors. 
2. Any collection or digest of laws. 

C0D'6ER, n. A rustic ; a clown ; a miserly man. 

eOD'I-CIL, 71. [L. codicillvs.] A writing by way of sup- 
plement to a will. 

COD-I-CIL'LA-RY, a. Of the nature of a codicil. 

CO-DILLE', (co-dill') n. [Fr. codille.] A term at ombre, 
when the game is won. 

COD'LE, or COD'DLE, (kod'dl) v. t. To parboil, or soften 
by the heat of water. 

t COD'LE, V t. To make much of. 

COD'LING, or COI^LIN, n. An apple codled ; or one suit- 
able for codling, or used for that purpose. 

COD'LING, 71. A young cod. 

CO-EF-'FI-CA-CY, n. Joint efficacy. 

CO-EF-Fl"CIEN-CY, n. Cooperation ; joint power of two 
or more things or causes, acting to the same end. 

€0-EF-Fl"CIENT, a. Cooperating ; acting in union to the 
same end. 

eO-EF-FI"CIENT, n. 1. That which unites i«, action with 
something else to produce the same effect. — 3. In algebra, 
a number or known quantity put before letters, or quanti- 
ties, known or unknown, and into which it is supposed 
to be multiplied. — 3. In fluxions, the coefficient of any 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



COF 



158 



COG 



generating term is the quantity which arises from the di- 
vision of that terni by tlie generated (luantity. 

€0-EF-FI"CIENT-LY, adv. By cooperation. 

€0-ELD'ER, 71. An elder of the same ranlc. Trapp. 

COS'LI-Ae, or CE'U-A€, a. [Gr. koiXiukos.] Pertaining 
to the belly, or to the intestinal canal. — Cmliac artery is the 
artery which issues from the aorta just below the dia- 
phragm. — Cadiac passion, the lientery, a flux or diarrhea 
of undigested food. — Cmliac vein, a vein of the intestinum 
rectum. 

eO-EMP'TION, 71. [L. coemptio.] The act of purchasing 
the whole quantity of any commodity. 

eO-EN-JOY', V. t. To enjoy together. Howell. 

€C)-E'Q,UAL, a. [L. con and equalis.j Equal with another 
person or thing ; of the same rank, dignity or power. 

€U-K'(iUAL, 71. One who is equal to another. 

€0-E-aUAL'I-TY, n. The state of being equal with an- 
other ; equality in rank, dignity or power. 

€0-E'aUAL-LY, adv. With joint equality. 

€0-ERCE', (co-ers') v. t. [L. cuercco.] 1. To restrain by 
force J to keep from acting, or transgressing ; to repress. 
2. To compel ; to constrahi. Dmght. 

€0-ER'eED, (co-ersf) pp. Restrained by force ; compelled. 

€0-ER'CI-BLE, a. That may or ought to be restrained or 
compelled. 

eO-ER'CENG, ppr. Restraining by force; constraining. 

€0-ER'CION, 71. Restraint, check, particularly by law or 
authority ; compulsion ; force. 

€0-ER'CIVE, a. 1. That has power to restrain, particularly 
by moral force, as of law or authority. 2. Compulsory ; 
constraining ; forcing. 

€0-ER'CIVE-LY, adv. By constraint. 

€0-ES-SEN'TlAL, a. Partaking of the same essence. 

€0-ES-SEN-TIAL'I-TY, n. Participation of the same es- 
sence. 

€0-ES-SEN'TIAL-LY, adv. In a coessential manner. 

€0-E-STAB'LISH-MENT, n. Joint establishment. 

€0-E-Ta'NE OUS, a. [L. coataneus ; coetanean is rarely 
used.] Of the same age with another ; beginning to exist 
at the same time. 

€0-E-TER]V)'AL, a. Equally eternal with another. 

eO-E-TERN'AL-LY, adv. With equal eternity. 

eO-E-TERN'I-TY, n. Existence from eternity equal with 
another eternal being ; equal eternity. 

€0-E'VAL, a. [L.cocBVus.] Of the same age ; beginning to 
exist at the same time ; of equal age. 

eO-E'VAL, 71. One of the same age ; one who begins to 
exist at the same time. 

€0-E'VOUS, a. The same as coeval, but not used. 

€0-EX-E€'U-TOR, n. A joint executor. 

€0-EX-IST', V. i. To exist at the same time with another. 

eO-EX-IST'ENCE, n. Existence at the same time with an- 
other. 

€0-EX-IST'ENT, a. Existing at the same time with an- 
other. 

€0-EX-TEND', v. i. To extend through the same space or 
duration with another; to extend equally. 

€0-EX-TEND'ED, pp. Being equally extended. 

€0-EX-TEND'ING, ppr. Extending through the same space 
or duration with another. 

€0-EX-TEN'SION, n. The act of extending equally, or the 
state of being equally extended. Hale. 

€0-EX-TEWSIVE, a. Equally extensive; having equal 
cxt6nt 

€0-EX-TEN'SIVE-NESS, n. Equal extension or extent. 

eOF'FEE, 71. [Fr. caffe ; It. cafe ,-, Sp. cafe.] 1. The berry 
of a tree belonging to the genus coffea, growing in Arabia, 
Persia, and in other warm climates of Asia and America. 
2. A drink made from the berry of the cofFee-tree, by de- 
coction. 

€OFiFEE-€UP, n. A cup from which coffee is drank. 

€0F'FEE-I]0USE, n. I. A house of entertainment, where 
guests are supplied witli coffee and other refreshments. 
2. A house of entertainment ; an inn ; which in some 
cities is also an exchange. 
€OF'FEE-MAN, n. One who keeps a coffee-house. 

€OF'FEE-POT, n. A covered pot in which coffee is boiled, 

or in which it is brought upon the table for drinking. 
COFFER, 71. [Fr.cuffre.] 1. A chest or trunk. 2. A chest 
of money ; a treasure.— 3. In architecture, a square de- 
pression or sinking in each interval between the modil- 
lions of the Corinthian cornice. — 4. In fortification, a hol- 
low lodgment across a dry moat, from 6 to 7 feet deep, and 
from 16 to 18 broad. 
COF FER, v. t. To reposit or lay up in a coffer. 
COF'FERED, pp. Laid up in a coffer. 
eOP'FER-ER, 71. The cofferer of the king's household in 
Great Britain was a principal officer of the court, next 
under the controller. 
COF'FIN, 71. [Fr. coffre.] 1 The chest or box in which a 
dead human body is buried, or deposited in a vault. 2. A 
jjiold of paste for a pie. 3. A paper case, in the form of a 
cone, used by grocers. — 4. In farriery, the hollow part of 
a horse's hoof; or the whole hoof above the coronet, in- 



cluding the coffin-bone, which is a small spungy bone ia 
the midst of the hoof. 

COF'FIN, V. t. To put in or inclose in a coffin. 

COF'FINEB^ pp. Inclosed in a coffm. 

COF'FIN-Ma-KER, n. One who makes, or whose occupa- 
tion is to make coffins. 

CO-FOUND'ER, n. A joint founder. Weever. 

COG. v.t. [W. coegiaw.] 1. To flatter; to wheedle; to 
setiuce or draw from, by adulation or artifice. 2. To ob- 
trude or thrust in, by falsehood or deception. — To cog a 
die, to secure it so as to direct its fall ; to falsify ; to cheat 
in playing dice. 

COG, V. i. 1. To deceive ; to cheat ; to lie. Shak. 2. To 
wJieedle. 

COG, n. [W. cocos.] The tooth of a wheel, by which it 
drives another wheel or body. 

COG, V. t. To fix a cog ; to furnish with cogs. 

COG'- WHEEL, 71. A wheel furnished with cogs, by whicli 
it drives another wneel . 

COG, or COG'GLE, n. A boat; a fishing boat. 

CO'GEN-CY, n. [L. cogens.] Force ; strength ; power of 
compelling ; literally, urgency, or driving. 

t CO-Ge'NI-AL, for congenial. Warton. 

CO'GENT, a. [See Cogency.] 1. Forcible, in a physical 
sense. 2. Urgent ; pressing on the mind ; forcible ; pow- 
erful ; not easily resisted. 

Co'6ENT-LY, adv. With urgent force ; with powerful im- 
pulse ; forcibly. Locke. 

COGGED, pp. Flattered ; deceived ; cheated ; thrust in 
deceitfully ; falsified ; furnished with cogs. 

COG'GER, n. A flatterer, or deceiver. 

COG'GER-Y, n. Trick ; falsehood. Watson. 

COG'GING, ppr. Wheedling; deceiving; cheating; in- 
serting deceitfully ; fixing cogs. 

COG'GING, n. Cneat ; deception ; fallacy. Beaumont. 

COG'GLE-STONE, n. A small pebble. 

COG'I-TA-BLE, a. That may be thought on ; that may be 
meditated on. Johnson. 

GOG'I-TATE, V. i. [L. cogito.] To think ; to meditate 
[Little used.] 

COG-I-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of thinking ; thought ; med- 
itation ; contemplation. 2. Thought diiected to an ob- 
ject; purpose. 

COG'I-TA-TIV^E, a. 1. Thinking; having the power of 
thinking, or meditating. 2. Given to thought, or contem- 
plation. 

COG'NATE, a. [h.cognatus.j 1. Allied by blood; kindred 
by birth. 2. Related in origm ; proceeding from the same 
stock; of the same family. 3. Allied in the manner of 
formation or utterance ; uttered by the same organs. 

COG'JNATE, 71. In Scots law, any male relation through the 
mother. 

COG-Na'TION, n. [L. cognatio.] 1. In the civil law, kin- 
dred or natural relation between males and females, both 
descended from the same father ; as agnation is the rela- 
tion between males only descended from the same stock. 

2. Kindred ; relation by descent from the same original. 

3. Relation ; participation of the same nature. 
C0G-Ni"T10N, n. [L, cognitio.] Knowledge or certain 

knowledge, as from personal view or experience. 
COG NI-TlVEj a. Knowing, or apprehending by the un- 
derstanding. [Little used.] South. 

* COG'NI-ZA-RLE, or COGN'I-ZA-BLE, a. [Fr. connds- 
sable.] 1. That falls under judicial notice ; that maybe 
heard, tried and determined. 2. That falls or may fall 
under notice or observation ; that may be known, per- 
ceived or apprehended. 

* COG'NI-ZANCE, or COGN'I-ZANCE, n. [Fr. connois- 
sance.] 1. Judicial notice or knowledge ; the hearing, trying 
and determining of a cause in court. 2. Jurisdiction, or 
right to try and determine causes.— 3. In law, an acknowl- 
edgment or confession. 4. Abadgeonthe sleeve of a water- 
man or servant, by which he is known to belong to this or 
that nobleman or gentleman. 5. Knowledge or notice , 
perception ; observation. 6. Knowledge by recollection. 

* COG-NI-ZEE', or COGN-I-ZEE', n. One to whom a 
fine is acknowledged, or the plaintiff in an action for the 
assurance of land by fine. 

* COG-NI-ZOR', or COGN-I-ZOR', n. One who acknowl- 
edges the right of the cognizee, in a fine ; otherwise called 
the defendant, or deforciant. 

€OG-NOM'I-NAL, a. [L. cognomen.] 1 Pertaining to a 

surname. 2. Having the same name. [Little used.] 
t COG-NOM'I-NATE, v. t. To give a name. Coekeram. 
COG-NOM-I-Na'TION, n. [L. cognomen.]. A surname, 

the name of a family ; a name given from any accident or 

quality ; as, Alexander the Great. 
COG-NOS'CENCE, n. Knowledge ; the act or state of 

knowing. Little used.] 
COG-NOS'CENTE, n. [It. plu. cognoscenti.] One who is 

well versed in any thing ; a connoisseur. 
t eOG-NOS-CI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being cognos- 

cible. 
eOG-NOS'CI-BLE, a. That may be known. [L. u.] Hale 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, o, t!, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— 1; .Obsolete. 



COI 



159 



COL 



eOG-NOS'CI-'nVE, a. Having the power of knowing. 

€OGUAR, w. A camivorous quadruped of America. 

€0-GUARD'I-AN, n. A joint guardian. Kent. 

€0-HAB'IT, V. i. 1. To dwell with ; to inhabit or reside 
in company, or in the same place, or country. 2. To 
dw^ell or live together as husband and wife j usually or 
often applied to persons not legally married. 

eO-HAB'I-TANT, n. One who dwells with anotlier, or in 
the same place. 

eO-HAB-I-TA'TION, n. 1. The act or state of dwelling 
together or in the same place with another. 2. The state 
of living together as man and wife, without being legally 
married. 

eO-HEIR', (ko-air') n. fL. cohasres.j A joint heir ; one 
who succeeds to a share of an inheritance, which is to be 
divided among two or more. 

eO-HEIR'ESS, (ko-air'es) n. A female who inherits a share 
of an estate, which is to be divided among two or more 
heirs or heiresses ; a joint heiress. 

CO-HeRE', v. i. [L. cohmreo.'] 1. To stick together ; to 
cleave ; to be united ; to hold fast, as parts of the same 
mass. 2. To be well connected ; to follow regularly in 
the natural order ; to be suited in connection ; as the parts 
of a jiiscourse. 3. To suit ; to be fitted ; to agree. 

€0-He'RENCE, )n. 1. A sticking, cleaving or hanging 

eO -He'REN-CY, \ together ; union of parts of the same 
body, or a cleaving together of two bodies, by means of 
attraction. Locke. 2. Connection ; suitable connection or 
dependence, proceeding from the natural relation of parts 
or thinjfs to each other, as in the parts of a discourse ; 
consistency. Locke. 

€0-He'RENT, a. 1. Sticking together ; cleaving ; as the 
parts of bodies, solid or liuid. 2. Connected ; united, by 
some relation in form or order. 3. Suitable, or suited ; 
regularly adapted. 4. Consistent; having a due agree- 
ineiit of parts. 

€0-He'RENT-LY, adv. In a coherent manner; with due 
connection or agreement of parts. 

eO-HE-Sl-BIL'I-TY, n. The tendency of one part of mat- 
ter to unite with another. 

eO-HE'SI-BLE, a. Capable of cohesion. 

eO-I-lE'SION, n. [It. coesione.1 1. The act of sticking to- 
gether; the state of being united by natural attraction, as 
the constituent particles of bodies which unite in a mass, 
by a natural tendency ; one of the different species of at- 
traction. 2. Connection ; dependence ; as the cohesion of 
ideas. But in this sense, see Coherence. 

CO-HE'SIVE, a. That has the power of sticking or cohe- 
ring ; tending to unite in a mass, and to resist separation. 

eO-HE'SIVE-LY, adv. With cohesion. 

CO-He'SIVE-NESS, 71. The quality of being cohesive; the 
quality of adhering together, as particles of matter. 

t eO-HIB'IT, V. t. [L, coMbeo.l To restrain. 

t €0-HI-Bl"TION, n. [L. cohibitio.] Hindrance ; restraint. 

eo'HO-BATE, V. t. [Port. cohorar.'\ Among chemists, to 
repeat the distillation of the same liquor, or that from the 
Hame body, pouring the liquor back upon the matter re- 
maining in the vessel. 

eo'HO-BA-TED, pp. Repeatedly distilled. 

€O'H0-BA-TING, ppr. Distilling repeatedly. 

€0-I-IO-Ba'TION, n. [Sp. cohobacion.] The operation of 
repeatedly distilling the same liquor, or that from the same 
substance. 

€0-HoES', or CO-HoZE', n. A fall of water, or falls ; a 
word of Indian origin in America. 

eO'IIORT, n. [L. cohors ; Fr. cohortc.'\ 1. Among the Ro- 
mans, a body of about five or six hundred men. — 2. In 
poetry, a band or body of waiTiors. 

t €0-HOR-Ta'TION, n. Exhortation ; encouragement. 

€OIF, n. [Fr. coiffe.^ A kind of caul, or cap, worn on the 
head. 

€OIF, V. t. To cover or dress with a coif. 

eOIFED, a. Wearing a coif. 

eOIF'FURE, n. [Fr.] A head-dress. Addison. 

eOIGNE, for coin. See Coin, a corner. 

COIGNE, or COIN'Y, v.i. To live by extortion. [An Irish 
-word.] Bryskett. 

€01L, V. t. [Fr. cueillir.'] To gather,. as a line or cord into 
a circular form ; to wind into a ring, as a serpent, or a 
rope. 

€OIL, n. 1. A rope gathered into a ring. 2. A noise, tu- 
mult, bustle ; [710* iised.'] Bailey. 

COILED, pp. Gathered into a circular form, as a rope or a 
serpent. 

eOTLTNG, ppr. Gathering or winding into a ring or circle. 

COIN, 71. [Fr. coiTi.] 1. A corner; a jutting point, as of a 
wall. 2. A wedge for raising or lowering a piece of ord- 
nance. 3. A wedge or piece of wood to lay between 
casks on shipboard. 

COIN, n. [Sp. cuna ; Fr. coin.} 1. Money stamped ; a piece of 
metal, as gold, silver, copper, or other metal, converted into 
money, by impressing on it marks, figures or characters. — 
Current coin is coin legally stamped, and circulating in 
\xSiAe.— Ancient coins are chiefly those of the Jews, Greeks 



and Romans, wliich are kept in cabinets as curiosities.— 
2. In architecture, a kind of die cut diagonally, after the 
manner of a flight of a stair-case. 3. That which serves 
for payment. 

COIN, V. t.' 1. To stamp a metal, and convert it into 
money ; to mint. 2. Tu make. 3. To make ; to forge ; 
to fabricate. Dryden. 

€0IN'A6E, or COIN'ING, n. ] . The act, art or practice 
of stamping money. 2. Coin ; money coined ; stamped 
and legitimated metal for a ciiculating medium. 3. 
Coins of a particular stamp. 4. The charges or expense 
of coining money. 5. A making ; new production ; form- 
ation. 6. Invention ; forgery ; fabrication. 

€0-IN-ClDE', V. i. [Low L. coincide.] 1. To fall or to met t 
in the same point, as two lines, or bodies ; followed by 
with. 2. To concur ; to be consistent with ; to ajf.ee. 

€0-IN'CI-DENCE, n. 1. The falling or meeting of tv^^o or 
more lines, surfaces or bodies in the same pouit. 2. Con- 
currence ; consistency ; agreement. 3. A meeting of 
events in time; concurrence; a happening at the saiiie 
time, 

€0-IN'Cl-DENT, a. 1, Falling on. the same point ; meeting 
as lines, surfaces or bodies. 2. Concurrent ; consistent 
agreeable to. 

€0-iN-ClD'ER, 71. He or that which coincides or concurs. 

CO-IN-ClD'ING, ppr. Meeting in the same point ; agreeing ; 
concurring^ 

C0-IN-DI-€a'TI0N, 71. [L. con and indicatio.] In medicine, 
a sign or symptom, which, with other signs, assists to 
siiow the nature of the disease, and the proper remedy ; a 
concurrent sign or symptom. 

€OINFD, pp. Struck or stamped, as money ; made ; invent- 
ed ; forged. 

COIN'ER, n. 1. One who stamps coin ; a minter ; a mfiker 
of money. 2. A counterfeiter of the legal coin ; a maker 
of base money. 3. An inventor or maker, as of words. 

COIN 'ING, ;*;?r. 'Stamping money; making; inventing; 
forging ; fabricating. 

t€0-IN'aUI-NATE, v. t. [L. coinquino.'] To pollute. 

t€0-iN-aUI-NA'TI0N, n. Defilement. 

€0IS'TRIL, n. I. A coward; a runaway. Shak. 2. A 
young lad. 

€OIT, 71. A quoit, which see. 

COIT'ING. See auoix. 

CO-l"TION, 71. [L. coitio.] A coming together ; chiefly the 
venereal intercom-se of the sexes ; copulation. 

CO-JOIN', w, i. [li. conjungo .] To join with another in the 
same office, [Little used!] Shak. 

CO-Ju'ROR, n. One who swears to another's credibilitj'. 

COKE, 71. Fossil coal charred, or deprived of its bitumen, 
sulphur, or other extraneous or volatile mjitter, by fire. 

€oL'AN-DER, 71. [L. colo.] A vessel with a bott.;m perfo- 
rated with little holes for straining liquors. In America, 
this name is given, I believe, exclusively to a vessel of 
tin, or other metal. In Great Britain, the name is given 
to vessels, like sieves, made with Iiair, osiers or twigs 
Dryden. 

€0-La'TION, 71. The act of straining, or purifying liquor^ 
by passing it through a perforated vessel' [Little used.] 

€OL'A-TURE, n. The act of straining; the matter strain. 
[Little used.] 

COL'BER-TINE, 71. A kind of lace worn by women. 

€OL'€0-THAR, n. The brown-red oxyd of iron which re- 
mains after the distillation of the acid from sulphate of 
iron. 

CoLD, a. [Sax, cald.\ 1. Not warm or hot ; gelid ; frigid ; 
a relative term. 2. Having the sensation of cold ; chill , 
shivering, or inclined to shiver. 3. Having cold qualities 

4. -Frigid ; wanting passion, zeal or ardor ; indifferent , 
unconcerned ; not animated, or easily excited into action. 

5. Not moving; unaflecting ; not animated ; not able to 
excite feeling ; spiritless, 6 Reserved ; coy ; not affec- 
tionate, cordial or friendly ; indicating indifference. 
7. Not heated by sensual desire. 8. Not hasty ; not vio 
lent. 9. Not affecting the scent strongly. 10. Not having 
the scent strongly affected. Shak. 

€oLD, 71. [Sax. cele, cyl, cyle.] \. The sensation produced 
in anim.al bodies by the escape of heat, and the conse- 
quent contraction of the fine vessels. Also, the cause of 
that sensation, 2, A shivering ; the effect of the contrac- 
tion of tlie fine vessels of the body ; chilliness, or cliill- 
ness. 3. A disease ; indisposition occasioned by cold 
catan-h. 

CoLD-BLoOD'ED, a. 1. Having cold blood. 2, Without 
sensibility, or feeling, 

€oLD'-FINCH, n. A species of motacill a, a bird. 

€oLD'-HEART-ED, a. Wanting passion or feeling ; indif- 
ferent. 

€6LD'-HEART'ED-NESS, n. Want of feeling or sensi- 
bility. 

CoLD'LY, adv. In a cold manner ; without warmth ; with- 
out concern ; without ardor or animation ; without inpa- 
rent passion, emotion or feeling; with indifference i,." 
negligence. 



' See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this j Obsolete 



COL 



IGO 



COL 



eoLD'NESS, «. 1. Want of heat. 2. Unconcern ; indif- 
ference ; a frigid state of temper ; want of ardor, zeal, 
emotion, animation, or spirit j negligence. 3. Want of 
apparent affection, or kindness. 4. Coynesa : reserve ; in- 
difference. 5. Want of sensual desire ; frigidity ; chastity. 

eoLD'-S»10RT, a. Brittle when cold, as a metal. 

€OLE, Ji. [Sax. caul, cawl, or cawel.] The general name of 
all sorts of cabbage or brassica ; but we generally use it in 
its compounds, cole-wort, cauliflower, &;c. 

eOLE'-MOUSE. See Coal-mouse. 

€OL'E-OP-TER, ) n. [Gr. KoXeos and Trrepov.] The cole- 

€()L-E-OP'TE-RA, | opters, in Linne'^s system of ento- 
mology, are an order of insects. 

eOL-E-OP'TE-RAL, a. Having wings covered with a case 
or sheath. 

eoLE'-PERCH, 71. A smaU fish. 

toLE'SEED, 71. 1. The seed of the navew, napus satlva. 
2. Cabbage seed. Mortimer. 

€oLE'-WoRT, 71. A particular species of cole, brassica, or 
cabbage. 

eOL'IC, 71. [L. colicus.] A severe pain in the bowels, of 
which there are several varieties. 

C'OL'IP i 

cor 'I-f^AT ( °" ^^^'^^^^S the bowels. Milton. 

COL'IN, n. A bird of the partridge kind. 

'\€OLuli,v. t. To embrace. [See Collar.] Spenser. 

COL-LAPSE', (kol-laps') v. i. [L. collapsas.'] To fall to- 
gether, as the two sides of a vessel ; to close by falling 
together. 

eOL-LAPS'ED, (kol-lapsf) pp. Fallen together; closed. 

eOL-L AP'SION, 71. A state of falling together ; a state of 
vessels closed. 

COL'LAR, n. [L- collare.l 1. Something worn round the 
neck, as a ring of metal, or a chain. 2. The part of a gar- 
ment which surrounds the neck. 3. A part of a harness 
for the neck of a horse or other beast, used in draught. — 
4. Among seamen, the upper part of a stay ; also, a rope 
in form of a wreath, to which a stay is confined.— To slip 
the collar, is to escape or get free ; to disentangle one's 
self from diliiculty, labor, or engagement. — A collar of 
brawn, is the quantity bound up in one parcel. 

eOL'LAR, V. t. 1. To seize by the collar. 2. To put a col- 
lar on.— To collar beef or other meat, is to roll it up and 
bind it close with a string. 

eOL'LAR-A6E, 71. A tax or fine, laid for the collars of 
wine-drawing horses. 

eOL'LAR-BONE, n. The clavicle. 

eOL'LARED, pp. 1. Seized by the collar. 2. Having a col- 
lar onthe neck. 

€OL-LaTE', v.t. [L. collatum, collatus.] 1, To lay to- 
gether and compare, by examining the points in which 
two or more things of a similar kind agree or disagree. 
2. To confer or bestow a benefice. 3. To bestow or con- 
fer. Taylor. 

€OL-LaTE', v. i. To place in a benefice, as by a bishop. 

COL-La'TED, pp. Laid together and compared ; examined 
by comparing; presented and instituted, as a clergyman, 
to a benefice. 

COL-LAT'ER-AL, a. [L. collateralis.] 1. Being by the side, 
side by sid«, on the side, or side to side. — 2. In genealogy, 
descending from the same stock or ancestor, but not one 
fromtheother ;asdistingui£nedfromZmeaZ.— 3. Collateral 
security is security for the performance of covenants or the 
payment of money, besides the principal security. 4. Run- 
ning parallel. 5. Diffused on either side ; springing from 
relations. 6. Not direct, or immediate. 7. Concurrent. 

eOL-LAT'ER-AL, 7?. A collateral relation or kinsman. 

eOL-LAT'ER-AL-LY, adv. 1. Side by side ; or by the side. 
2. Indirectly. 3. In collateral relation ; not in a direct 
line ; not lineally. 

COL-LAT'ER-AL-NESS, n. The state of being collateral. 

eOL-LAT'ING,7)j?r. Comparing ; prosentingand instituting. 

eOL-LA'TION, n. 1. The act of bringing or laying together, 
and comparing ; a comparison of one copy or tiling of a 
like kind with another. 2. The act of conferring or be- 
stowing ; a gift. — 3. In the canon law, the jaresentation 
of a clergyman to a benefice by a bishop, who has it in his 
own gift or patronage. — 4. In common law, the presenta- 
tion of a copy to its original, and a comparison made by 
examination, to ascercain its conformity. 5. In Scots law, 
the right which an heir has of throwing the whole herita- 
ble and movable estates of the deceased into one mass, 
and sharing it equally with others who are of the same 
degree of kindred. 6. A repast between full meals ; as a 
cold collation. — Collation of seals denotes one seal set on 
the same label, on the reverse of another. 

COL-LA-TI"TIOUS, a. Done by the contribution of many. 
Dict._ 

C(JL-La'TIVE, a. AdvoweciQs are presentative, collative 
or donative. An advowsoa collative is whare the bishop 
and patron are one and the same person. 

GOL-La'TOR, n. 1. One who collates or compares manu- 
scripts or copies of books. 2. One who collates to a bene- 
fice. 



€OL-LAUD', v.t. [L. eollaudo.] To unite in praising 

i Little used.'] Howell. 
L'LeAGUE, (kol'leeg) n. [L. collega ,• Fr. collegue.] A 
partner or associate in the. same office, employment oi 
commission, civil or ecclesiastical. 

€0L-LkAGUE', (kol-leeg') v. t. or i. To unite with in the 
same office. 

€OL-LeAGU'ED, (kol-leegd') pp. United as an associate in 
the same office. 

COL'LeAGUE-SHIP, n. Partnership in office. 

€0L-LE€T', v. t. [L. colligo, collectum.] 1. To gather, as 
separate persons or things, into one body or place ; to as 
semble or bring together. 2. To gain by observation or 
information. 3. To gather from premises ; to infer as a 
consequence. 4. To gather money or revenue from debt- 
ors ; to demand and receive. 5. To gather, as crops ; to 
reap, mow or pick, and secure In proper repositories 
6. To draw together ; to bring into united action. 7. To 
obtain from contribution. — To collect one's self, is to re- 
cover from surprise, or a disconcerted state ; to gain com 
mand over the thoughts, when dispersed ; over the pas 
sions, when tumultuous ; or the mind, when dismayed. 

€OL-LEeT', V. i. To run together ; to accumulate. 

COL'LECT, n. 1. A short comprehensive prayer ; a prayer 
adapted to a particular day or occasion. 2. A collection 
or gatliering of money. [Little used.] 

eOL-LE€-TA'NE-OUS, a. [L. tollectaneus.] Gathered; 
collected. 

GOL-LECT'ED, pp. 1. Gathered ; assembled ; congregated ; 
drawn together. 2. a. Recovered from surprise or dis- 
may ; not disconcerted ; cool ; firm ; prepared. 

COL-LEGT'ED-LY, adv. In one view; together; in one 
body. 

€0L-LE€T'ED-NESS, n. A collected state of the mind ; 
recovery from surprise. 

COL-LECT'I-BLE, a. 1. That may be collected or gathered ; 
that may be inferred. 2. That may be gathered or re- 
covered ; as, the debts or taxes are or are not collectible. 

COIj-IjEGTIING, ppr. Gathering; drawing together ; as-* 
sembling. 

€0L-LE€'TI0N, n. 1. The act of gathering, or assembling. 
2. The body formed by gathering ; an assemblage, or as- 
sembly ; a crowd. 3. A contribution ; a sum collected 
for a charitable purpose. 4. A gathering, as of matter in 
an abscess. 5. The act of deducing consequences ; rea- 
soning ; inference. [Little used.j 6. A corollary ; a con- 
sectary ; a deduction from premises ; consequence. 7. A 
book compiled from other books, by the putting together 
of parts ; a compilation. 

f €OL-LE€-Tl"TIOUS, a. Gathered up. 

eOL-LE€T'IVE, a. [L. collectivus.] 1. Formed by gather- 
ing ; gathered into a mass, sum, or body ; congregated, or 
aggregated. 2. Deducing consequences ; reasoning ; in- 
ferring. — 3. In grammar, expressing a number or multi- 
tude united. 

€OL-LECT'IVE-LY, adv. In a mass, or body ; in a col- 
lected state ; in the aggregate ; unitedly ; in a state of 
combination. 

€OL-LE€T'IVE-NESS, n. A state of union ; mass. 

COL-LECT'OR, n. 1. One who collects or gathera things 
which are scattered or separate. 2. A compiler ; one 
who gathers and puts together parts of books, or scattered 
pieces, in one book. — 3. In botany, one who gathers 
plants, withi)ut studying botany as a science. 4. An 
officer appointed and commissioned to collect and receive 
customs, duties, taxes or toll. 5. A bachelor of arts in 
Oxford, who is appointed to superintend some scholastic 
proceedings in Lent. 

eOL-LECT'OR-SHIP, n. 1. The office of a collector of cus- 
toms or taxes. 2. The jurisdiction of a coUectoi . 

COL-LEG'A-TA-RY, n. In the civil laio, a person who has 
a legacy left to him in common with one or more other 
persons. 

COL'LEGE, 71. [L. collegium.] 1. In a general sense, a col- 
lection, assemblage or society of men, invested with cer- 
tain powers and rights, performing certain duties, or 
engaged in some common employment, or pursuit. — 2. Tn 
a particular sense, an assembly for a pohtical or ecclesias- 
tical purpose.— In Great Britain and the United States of 
America, a society of physicians is called a college. fc?o 
also there are coZZe^es of surgeons, &c. 3. An edifice ap- 
propriated to the use of students, who are acquiring tlie 
languages and sciences. 4. The society of persons en 
gaged in the pursuits of literature, including tlie officers 
and students. — 5. In foreign universities, a public lec- 
ture. 

€0L'LE6E-LIKE, n. Regulated after the manner of a 
college. 

eOL-LE'6I-AL, a. Relating to a college ; belonging to a 
college ; having the properties of a college. 

€0L-Le'6I-AN, 71. A member of a college, particularly of 
a literary institution so called ; an inhabitant of a college 

€OL-LE'Gl-ATE, a. 1. Pertaining to a college. 2. Con- 
taining a college ; instituted after the manner of a college . 



* See Synopsis, a, E, T, o, U, ^% long.—YKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;.— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. 



Mm' 



COL 



161 



COL 



3. A collegiate church is one that has no bishop's see, 
but has the ancient retinue of a bishop, canons and preb- 
ends._ 

COL-Le'6I-ATE, n. The member of a college. 

€OL'LET, n. [Fr. collet.] 1. Among jewelers, the hori- 
zontal face or plane at the bottom of brilliants ; or the part 
of a ring in which the stone is set. — 2. In glass-making, 
that part of glass vessels which sticks to the iron instru- 
ment used in taking the substance from the melting-pot. 
3. Anciently, a band or collar 4 A term used by turn- 
ers. 

t.OL-LET'I€, a. Having the property of gluing ; agglutin- 
ant. 

eOL-LET'I€, n. [Gr. AcoXXjjnKos.] An agglutinant. 

eOL-LlDE', V. i. [L. collido.'] To strike or dash against each 
other. Brown- 

eOLL'IER, (kol'yer) n. 1. A digger of coal ; one who works 
in a coal-mine. 2. A coal-merchant or dealer in coal . 3. A 
coasting vessel employed in the coal trade. 

eOLL'IER-Y, (kol'yer-y) n. 1. The place where coal is dug. 
[Sec CoAL2RT.] 2. The coal trade. 

eOL'LI-FLOW-ER. See Cauliflower. 

eOL LI-GATE, V. t. [L. colligo.'] To tie or bind together. 

€()L'LI-GA-TED, pp. Tied ot bound together. 

eOL'LI-GA-TING, ppr. Binding together. 

€()L-LI-Ga'TION, n. A binding together. 

eOL-LI-MA'TION, n. [L. collimo.] The act of aiming at a 
mark ; aim. 

eOL-LIN-E-A'TION, n. [L. collineo.] The act of aiming, 
or directing in a line to a fixed object. 

t €!OL'LING, n. [L. collum.] An embrace; dalliance. Chau- 
cer. 

eOIi-Lia'UA-BLE, a. That may be liquefied, or melted ; 
liable to melt. 

COL-Lia UA-]\IENT, n. 1. The substance formed by melt- 
ing ; that which is melted. 2. The fetal part of an egg. 
3. The first rudiments of an embryo in generation. 

€OL'LI-Q,UANT, a. That has the power of dissolving or 
melting. 

eOL'LI-aUATE, V. i. [L. colUqueo.] To melt ; to dissolve ; 
to change from solid to fluid ; to become liquid. 

eOL'LI-aUATE, V. t. To melt or dissolve. 

eOL'LI-aUA-TED, pp. Melted ; dissolved ; turned from a 
solid to a fluid substance. 

eOL'LI-aUA-TING, ppr. Melting ; dissolving, 

€OL-LI-aUA'TION, 71. 1. The act of melting. 2. A dis- 
sdving, flowing or wasting. 

€0]i-LIQ,'UA-TlVE, a. Melting; dissolving; appropriately, 
indicating a morbid discharge of the animal fluids. 

eOL-Lia-UE-FA€'TION, n. [L. colliquefacio.] A melting 
together ; the reduction of different bodies into one mass 
by fusion. 

eOL-Li'SION, n. [L. collisio.] 1. The act of striking to- 
gether ; a striking together of two hard bodies. 2. The 
state ofbeing struck together ; a clashing. 3. Opposition; 
interference. 4. A running against each other, as ships 
at sea. Marshal. 

eOL'LO-€ATE, v. t. [L. colloco.] To set or place ; to set ; 
to station. 

eOL'LO-€ATE, a. Set ; placed. Bacon. 

eOL'LO-€A-TED, pp. Placed. 

€OL'LO-€A-TING, ppr. Setting ; placing. 

eOL-LO-€A'TION, ?i. [L. collocatio.] 1. A setting ; the 
act of placing ; disposition in place. 2. The state of being 
placed, or^ placed with something else. 

eOI.-LO-€u'TION, n. [L. collocutio.] A speaking or con- 
versing together ; conference ; mutual discourse. 

eOL-LO-€u'TOR, n. One of the speakers in a dialogue. 

r€OL-LoGUE', V t. To wheedle. 

t€OL-LoGU'ING, 71. Flattery; deceit. Bm ton. 

eOL'LOP, 71. 1. A small slice of meat ; a piece of flesh; a 
thick piece or fleshy lump. 2. In burlesque, a child. 

eOL-Lo'QUI-AL, a. Pertaining to common conversation, 
or to mutual discourse. 

eOL'LO-aUIST, n. A speaker in a dialogue. 

eOL'LO-dUY, n, [L. colloquium.'] Conversation ; mutual 
discourse of two or more ; conference ; dialogue. 

eOL'LOW. SeeCoLLT. 

eOL-LU€'TAN-CY, n. [L. colluctor.] A struggling to re- 
sist ; a striving against ; resistance ; opposition of na- 
ture. 

eOL-LU€-T ACTION, n. A struggling to resist ; contest ; 
resistance ; opposition ; contrariety. 

eOL-LuDE', V. i. [L. colludo.) To play into the hand of 
each other ; to conspire in a fraud ; to act in concert. 

GOL-LuD'ER, 71. One who conspires in a fraud. 

eOL-LtJD'ING, ppr. Conspiring with another in a fraud. 

eOL-LuD'ING, 71. A trick ; collusion. 

eOL-LtJ'SION, 71. [L. collusio.] 1. In iazc, a deceitful agree- 
ment or compact between two or more persons, for the 
one party to bring an action against the other, for some 
evil purpose. 2. A secret agreement for a fraudulent 
purpose. 



€OL-Lu'SIVE, a. Fraudulently concerted between two oi 
more. 

€OL-Lu'SIVE-LY, adv. By collusion ; by secret agree 
ment to defraud. 

€OL-Lu'SIVE-NESS, n. The quality of bemg collusive. 

€OL-Lu'SO-RY, a. Carrying on a fraud by a secret con 
cert ; containing collusion. 

eOL'LY, or COL'IiOW, n. The black grime or soot of coal 
or burnt wood. 

COL'LY, V. t. To make foul ; to grime with the smut of coal 

€OL'LY-RITE, n. [Gr. KoWvpiov.] A variety of clay, of a 
white color. 

€OL-LYR'I-UM, 7t. [L.] Eye-salve; eye-wash; a topical 
remedy for disorders of the eyes. 

COL'MAR, n. [Fr.] A sort of pear. 

eOL'O-CYNTH, 71. [Gr. Ko'koKvvdis ] The coloquintida, or 
bitter apple of the shops. 

€0-LoGNE'-EARTII, n A kind of light bastard ochre, of 
a deep brown color. 

€0-IiOM'BO. n A root from Colombo in Ceylon. 

CO'LOA^, 7(. [Gr. ko)\ov.] 1. In anatomy, the largest of the 
intestines, or rather the largest division of the intestinal 
canal. — 2. In grammar, a point or character formed thus 
[ : ], used to mark a pause greater than that of a semico- 
lon , but less than that of a period. 

COL'ONEL, (kur'nel) n. [Fr. colonel.] The chief command 
er of a regiment of troops. 

€OL'ONEL-CY, (kur'nel-sy) ) n. The ofiice, rank or 

COL'ONEL-SUIP, (kur'nel-ship) ] commission of a colo- 
nel._Sv:ift. Washington. 

€0-Lo'NI-/\L, a. Pertaining to a colony. 

fCO-LOiVI-CAL, a. Relating to husbandmen. Spelman. 

COL'0-NIST, n. An inhabitant of a colony. 

€0L-0-x\'1-Za'TI0N, n. The act of colonizing, or state of 
being colonized. 

€OL'0-NiZE, V. t. 1. To plant or establish a colony in ; to 
plant or settle a number of the subjects of a kingdom or 
state in a remote country, for commercial or other pur 
poses. 2. To migrate and settle in, as inhabitants. 

COL'O-NlZED, pp. Settled or planted with a colony. 

€OL'0-NTZ-ING, ppr. Planting with a colony. 

€OE'0-NlZ-ING, 71. The act of establishing a colony. 

COL-OA^-NaDE', 7J. [It. colonnata.] 1. In architecture, a 
peristyle of a circular figure, or a series of columns, dis- 
posed in a circle, and insulated within side. 2. Any series 
or range of columns. A polystyle colonnade is a range of 
columns too great to be taken in by the eye at a single 
view. 

€OL'0-NY, n. [L. colonia,] 1. A company or body of peo- 
ple transplanted from their mother country to a remote 
province or country to cultivate and inhabit it, and re- 
maining subject to the jurisdiction of the parent state. 2 
The country planted or colonized ; a plantation ; also, the 
body of inhabitants in a territory colonized, including the 
descendants of the first planters. 3. A collection of ani- 
mals. 

€OL'0-PHON, 71. [fromacity of Ionia.] The conclusion of 
a book, formerly containing the place or year, or both, of 
its publication. 

€OL'0-PHON-ITE, n. A variety of garnet. 

*€0L'0-PH0-NY, n. In pharmacy, black resin or turpen- 
tine boiled in water and dried. 

COL-O-aUINT'I-DA, 7?. [Gr. koXokwOis.] The colocynth 
or bitter apple. 

€6L'OR, n. [1j. color ; li. colore ; Sp., Port, color; Fr 
couleur.] 1. In physics, a property inherent in light, 
which, by a difference in the rays and the laws of refrac- 
tion, or some other cause, gives to bodies particular ap- 
pearances to the eye. The principal colors are red, orange, 
vellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. 2. Appearance 
of a body to the eye, or a quality of sensation, caused by 
the rays" of light; Jme ; dye. 3. A red color; the fresh- 
ness or appearance of blood in the face. 4. Appearance 
to the mind. 5. Superficial cover ; palliation ; that which 
serves to give an appearance of right. 6. External ap- 
pearance ; false show ; pretense ; guise. 7. Kind ; spe- 
cies ; character ; complexion. 8. That which is used for 
coloring ; paint ; as red lead, ochre, orpiment, cinnabar, 
or vermilion, &c. 9. Colors, with a plural termination, in 
the military art, a flag, ensign or standard, borne in an 
army or fleet. [See Flag.] — 10. In law, color, in pleading, 
is when the defendant in assize or trespass gives to the 
plaintiff a color or appearance of title, by stating his title 
specially ; thus removing the cause from the jury to the 
court.— Water-colors are such as are used in painting with 
gum-water or size, without being mixed with oil. 

€oL'OR, V. t. 1. To change or alter the external appearance 
of a body or substance ; to dye ; to tinge ; to paint ; to 
stain. 2. To give a specious appearance ; to set in a fair 
light ; to palliate ; to excuse. 3, To make plausible ; to 
exaggerate in representation.— To color a stranger's goods^ 
is when a freeman allows a foreigner to enter goods at the 
custom-house in his name, to avoid the alien's duty. 



See Syno 



MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ; 
'11 



-BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S ae Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Ohsolete 



COM 



162 



COM 



eOLtOR, V. i. To blush. 

e6L'0R-A-BLE, a. Specious ; plausible 3 giviiig an appear- 
ance of right or justice. 

€oL'OR-A-BLY, adv. Speciously ; plausibly ; with a fair 
external appearance. Bacon. 

€oL'OR-ATJE, a. [Ij. coloratus.] Colored; dyed ; or tinged 
witli some color. [Little used.] 

eoL-OR-A'TION, ?i. [Ij.colctro.] The art or practice of col- 
oring, or the state of being colored. 

GoL'OR-A-TURE, 71. In music, all manner of variations, 
trills, &c., intended to make a song agreeable. 

€oL'ORED, pp. 1. Having the external appearance chang- 
ed 5 dyed ; tinged ; painted or stained. 9. Streaked ; strip- 
ed ; having a diversity of hues. 3. Having a specious ap- 
l)ea.ra.nce.—Colared people, black people, Africans or their 
descendants, mixed or unmixed. 

eoL-OR-IF'ie, a. [color, and L. facio.] That has the 
quality of tinging 3 able to give color or tint to other 
bodies. 

CoL'OR-ING, ppr. 1. Dyeing ; staining ; tinging. 2. Giv- 
ing a fair external appearance ; palliating ; excusing. 

€0L'0R-ING, n. 1. The act or art of dyeing ; the state of 
being colored ; color. 2. A specious appearance ; fair ar- 
tificial representation.— 3. Among painters, the manner of 
applying colors ; or the mixture of liglit and shade, formed 
bv the various colors employed. 

eoL'OR-IST, n. One who colors ; a painter who excels in 
giving the proper colors to his designs. 

CoL'OR-LESS, a. Destitute of color _; not distinguished by 
any hue ; transparent. 

€0-LOS'SAL, I a. Like a colossus ; very large ; huge ; 

eOL-OS-SE'AN, \ gigantic. 

eO-LOS'SUS, 71. [L.] A statue of a gigantic size. The 
most remarkable colossus of antiquity was one at Rhodes. 

€0-LOS'SUS-WISE, adv. In the manner of a colossus. 

GOL'STAFF, n. A staff for carrying burdens by two on 
their shoulders. [Local.] 

eoLT, 71. [Sax. colt.] 1. The young of the equine genus 
of animals, or horse kind. — In Avierica, colt is equally ap- 
plied to the male or female. The male is called a horse- 
colt, and the female is called a. filly. 2. A young, foolish 
fejlow ; a person without experience or stability. 

t €oLT, V. i. To frisk, riot or frolick, like a colt ; to be li- 
centious. Spenser. 

t€oLT, V. t. To befool. Shak. 

eoLT'S-FOOT, 71. A genus of plants, the tussila^o. 

eOLT'S-TOOTH, 71. 1. An imperfect or superfluous tooth 
in young horses. 2. A love of youthful pleasure 3 [little 
used.] 

eoL'TER, 71. [L. culter.] The fore iron of a plough, with a 
sharp edge, that cuts the earth or scd. 

€oLT'ISH, a. Like a colt ; wanton ; frisky ; gay. 

eOL'U-BER, 71. [L.J In zoology, a genus of serpents. 

eOL'U-BRINE, a. [L. colubrinus.] Relating to the coluber, 
or to serpents ; cunning 3 crafty. [Little used.] 

COL'UB'I-BA-Ry, 71. [L. columharium.] A dove-cot 3 a 
pigeon-house. 

eO-LUM'BATE, 71. A salt, or compound of columbic acid 
with a base. 

€0-LUM'EJ-AN, a. Pertaining to the United States, or to 
America, discovered by Columbus. 

€0-LUM'BI€, a. Pertaining to colunibium. 

eOL-UM-BIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing or containing colum- 
bium. 

eOL'UM-BINE, a. Like or pertaining to a pigeon or dove 3 
of a dove-color, or like the neck of a dove. 

€OL'UM-BINE, n. [L. columbina.] jiquilegia, a genus of 
plants of several species. 

eO-LUM'BITE, 71. The ore of columbium. 

eO-LUM'BI-UM, 71. A metal first discovered in an ore or 
oxyd found at New London, in Connecticut. 

€0-LUM'BO. See Colombo. 

€OL'U-MEL, 71. In botany, the central column in a capsule, 
taking its rise from the" receptacle, and having the seeds 
fixed to it all round. 

eOL'UMN, (kol'Ium) n. [L. colur.ma, coluvien.] 1. In ar- 
chitecture, a long, round body of wood or stone, used to 
support or adorn a building, composed of a base, a shaft 
and a capital. 2. An erect or elevated structure resezn- 
oling a column in architecture. 3. Any body pressing 
perpendicularly on its base, and of the same diameter as 
its base. — 4. In the military art, a large body of troops 
drawn up in order. — 5. Among printers, a division of a 
page 3 a perpendicular set of lines separated from another 
set by a line or blank space. 

GO-LUM'NAR, a. Formed in columns ; having the form of 
columns 3 like the shaft of a column. 

€0-HJM'NAR-ISH, a. Somewhat resembling a column. [A 
had word.] 

eO-LuRE'', 71. ["Gr. KoXoupo?.] In astronomy and geogra- 
phy, the colures are two great circles supposed to intersect 
each other at right angles, in the poles of the world. 

COM, in composition, as a prefix, Ir. comh, or coimh, W. cym, 
or cyv, L. com, or cm?)i, denotes with, to or against. 



Co MA, 7!. [Gr. Kuijxa.] Lethargy ; dozing ; a preternatural 
propensity to sleep. 

eo'MA, 71. [L.] 1. In botany, a species of bracte, ternunat- 
ing the stem of a plant, in a tuft or bush. — 2. In astrono- 
my, hairiness 3 the hairy appearance that suiTounds a 
comet, when the earth or the spectator is betwecii tlie 
comet and the sun. 

jCo'MART, 71. A treaty 3 article 5 agreement. Shak. 

eo'MATE, a. [L. comatus.] Hairy 5 encompassed with a 
coma, or bushy appearance, like hair. 

€o'-MaTE, n. A fellow mate, or companion. Shak. 

€o'MA-TOSE, ) a. Preternaturally disposed to sleep 

€o'MA-TOUS, \ drowsy 3 dozing, without natural sleep 
lethargic. 

t eoMB, 71. [Sax.] A valley between hills or mountains. 

CoMB, (kome) n. [Sax. camb.] 1. An instrument, with 
teeth, for separating, cleansing and adjusting hair, wool, 
or flax 2. The crest, caruncle, or red fleshy tuft, grov/ing 
on a cock's head. 3. Tlie substance in which bees lodge 
their honey. 4. A dry measure of four bushels. 

CoMB, (kome) v. t. To separate, disentangle, cleanse, and 
adjust with a comb. 

€oMB, V. i. In the language of seamen, to roll over, as the 
top of a wave. 

CoMB'-BiRD, 71. A gallinaceous fowl of Africa. 

CoMB'-BRUSH, n. A brusli to clean combs. 

€oMB'-Ma-KER, 71. One whose occupation is to make 
combs. 

*COM'BAT, V. i. [Fr. combattre.] 1. To fight 3 to struggle 
or contend witli an opposing force. 2. To act in opposi- 
tion. 

*€Oai'BAT, V. t. 1. To fight with 3 to oppose by force, 2. 
To contend against 3 to oppose 5 to resist. 

* eOM'BAT, 71. 1. A fighting 3 a struggling to resist, over- 
throw or conquer 3 contest by force 3 engagement 3 battle. 
2. A duel 3 a fighting between two men 5 formerly, a 
formal trial of a doubtful cause, or decision of a controver- 
sy between two persons, by swords or batoons. 

€OM-BAT'A-BLE, a. That may be disputed, or opposed 
[Modern.] 

* €OM'BAT-ANT, a. Contending 3 disposed to contend. 

* COM'BAT-ANT, 71. 1. A person who combats 3 any per- 
son who fights with another, or in an army, or fleet. 2. A 
duelist 3 one who fights or contends in batile, for the de- 
cision of a private quarrel or difference 3 a champion. 3. A 
person who contends with another in argument, or con- 
troversy. 

* €OM'BAT-ED, pp. Opposed ; resisted. Locke. 

* eOM'BAT-ER, 71. One who fights or contends. 

* €OM'BAT-ING, ppr. Striving to resist 3 fighting 3 oppos- 
ing by force or by argument. 

CoMBED, pp. Separated, cleaned, Or dressed with a 
comb. 

CoMB'ER, n. One who combs 3 one whose occupation is to 
comb wool, &c. 

fCOM'BEE, 71. Incumbrance. 

COM'BER, 71. A long, slender fish, with a red j.qck, found 
in Cornwall, England. 

€OM-BlK'A-BLE, a. Capable of combining. 

teOM'Bl-NATE, a. Espoused 3 betrothed Shak. 

€OM-BI-Na'TION, 71. [Fr. combinaison.] 1. Intimate 
union, or association of two or more persons or things. 
2. An assemblage 3 union of particulars. 3. Commixture : 
union of bodies or qualities in a mass or compound. 4. 
Chemical union ; union by afiinity. — 5. In mathematics, 
the union of numbers or quantities in every possible man- 
ner 3 or the variation or alteration of any number of quan- 
tities, letters, sounds, or the like, in all the different man- 
ners possible. 

€OM-BlNE', V. t. [Fr. combiner ] 1. To unite or join two 
or more things 3 to link closely together. 2. To agree 3 to 
accord 3 to settle by compact ; [not usual.] 3. To joiri 
words or ideas together 3 opposed t® analyze. 4. To cause 
to unite ; to bring into union or confederacy. 

COM-BiNE', V. i. I. To unite, agree or coalesce. 2. To 
unite in frieiidship or design 5 to league together. 3. To 
unite by affinity, or natural attraction. 4. To confederate 3 
to unite as nations. 

COM-BiN'ED, (kom-blnd') ;p;j. United closely 3 sssociated, 
leagued 5 confederated 3 chemically united. 

COM-BTN'ER, 7?.. The person or thing that combines. 

CoMB'ING, ppr. Separating and adjusting hair, wool, &c. 

CoMB'ING, 71. Borrowed hair combed over a bald part of 
the head. [Local.] 

COM-BiN'ING, ppr. Uniting closely 3 joining, in purpose 3 
confederating 3 imiting by chemical afiinity. 

CoMB'LESS, a. Without a comb or crest. 

COM-BUST', a. [L. combusUis.] When a planet is in con- 
junction with the sun, or apparently very near it, it is said 
to be combust, or in combustion. 

€0M-BUST'I-BLE, a. [Fr. combustible.] That will take 
fire and burn ; capable of catching fire. 

€0M-BUST'I-BLE, 71. A substance that will take fire and 
burn. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, T, C, U, Y, long.—FA^, FALL, WHAT 3— PREY ;— PlW, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete 



COM 



163 



COM 



eOM-BUST'I-BLE-NESS, or €0M-BUST-I-BIL'1-TY, w. 
The quality of taking fire and burning. 

eOM-BUS'TION, (kom-bus'chun) n. [Low L. combustio.] 
1. The operation of fire on inflarainaljle substances. 2. A 
burning ; the process or action of fire in consuming a body, 
attended with heat, or heat and flame. 3. Conflagration ; 
a great fire. 4. Tumult ; violent agitation, with hurry and 
noise ; confusion ; uproar. 

t€OM-BUS'TIVE, a. Disposed to take fire. Bp. Gaudcn. 

€oME, (kum) v i. ; pret. came, part. come. [Sax. cuman. ] 1. 
To move towards ; to advance nearer, from any distance. 
Q. To draw nigh ; to approach ; to arrive ; to be present. 
3. To advance and arrive at some state or condition ; as, 
the ships came to action. 4. To happen or fall out; as, 
how comes that ? 5. To advance or move into viaw ; to 
appear. 6. To sprout, as plants ; to spnng. 7. To become. 
8. To appear or be formed, as butter. 9. Come, in the im- 
perative, is used to excite attention, or to invite to motion 
or joint action ; come, let us go. 

To come about, to happen ; to fall out ; to come to pass ; to 
arrive. — To come about, to turn; to change; to come 
round. — To come again, to return. — To come after, to fol- 
low. Also, to come to obtain. — To come at, to reach ; to 
arrive within reach of; to gain ; to come so near as to be 
able to take or possess. — To come atoay, to depart from ; 
to leave; to issue from. — To come back, to return. — To 
come by, to pass near. Also, to obtain, gain, acquire. Dry- 
den. — To come doion, to descend. Also, to be humbled or 
abased. — To come for, to come to get or obtain ; to come 
after. — To come forth, to issue or proceed from. Also, to 
depart from; to leave. Also, to come abroad. — T'o come 
from, to depart from ; to leave. — To come in, to enter, as 
into an inclosure ; to comply ; to yield ; to arrive at a port, 
or place of rendezvous ; to become fashionable ; to be 
brought into use ; to enter as an ingredient or part of a 
composition ; to grow and produce ; to come to maturity 
and yield. — To come in for, to arrive in time to take a 
share. — To come into, to join with ; to bring help ; to 
agree to ; to comply with. — To come near, to approacii. — 
To come nigh is used in like senses. — To come no near, in 
seamanship, is an order to the helmsman not to steer so 
close to the wind. — To come of, to issue from ; to proceed 
from, as a descendant.— T'o come off, to depart from ; to 
remove from on. Bacon. To escape; to get free. — To 
come off from, to leave ; to quit. — To come on, toadvance ; 
to proceed ; to fall on ; to happen to. — To come over, to 
pass above or across, or from one side to another ; to pass 
from one party, side or army, to another ; to change sides. 
— To come out, to depart or proceed from ; to become pub- 
lic ; to escape from concealment or privacy ; to be discov- 
ered.— T'o come out of, to issue forth, as from confine- 
ment, or a close place ; to proceed or depart from. — T'o 
come out with, to give publicity to ; to disclose. — T'o come 
short, to fail ; not to accomplish. — To come to, to consent 
or yield ; to amount to ; to recover, as from a swoon. — T'o 
come together, to meet or assemble. — T'o come to pass, to 
be ; to happen ; to fall cut; to be eftected. — To come up, 
to ascend ; to rise ; to spring ; to come into use. — To come 
up the capstern, in seamanship, is to turn it the contrary 
way, so as to slacken the rope about it. — To come up the 
tackle fall, is to slacken it gently. — T'o come up to, to ap- 
proach near; to amount to; toadvance to; to rise to. — 
To come up with, to overtake. — T'o come upon, to fall on ; 
to attack or invade. — To come, in futurity; to happen 
hereafter. — Come, come, the repetition of come, expresses 
haste, or exhortation to hasten. Sometimes it introduces 
a threat. 

tC6ME, n. A sprout. Mortimer. 

e6ME_[-0FF, 71. Means of escape ; evasion ; excuse. 

€0-Me'DI-AN, 71. 1. An actor or player in comedy ; or a 
player in general, male or female. 2. A writer of comedy. 

eOM'E-DY, ?i. [L. comcadia.'] A dramatic composition in- 
tended to represent human characters, which are to be 
imitated in language, dress and manner, by actors on a 
stage, for the amusement of spectators. 

eoME'LI-LY, (kum'le-iy) adv. In a suitable or decent man- 
ner. [Little used.^^ Sherwood. 

eoME'LI-NESR, (kum'le-nes) n. That which is becoming, 
fit or suitable, in form or manner. 

€oME'LY, (kum'ly) a. 1. Properly, becoming ; suitable : 
whence, handsome ; graceful. 2. Decent ; suitable ; prop- 
er ; becoming ; suited to time, place, circumstances or per- 
sons. 

eoME'LY, (kum'ly) aav. Handsomely ; gracefully. 

eoM'ER, 71. One that comes ; one who approaches ; one 
who has arrived and is present. 

eOM-ES-SA'TION, n. [L. comessatio .} Feasting or revel- 
in?:. 

t €0-MES'TI-BLE, a. [Fr.] Eatable. Wotton, 

€OM'ET, n. [L. cometa.'] An opaque, spherical, solid body, 
like a planet, but accompanied with a train of light, per- 
forming revolutions about the sun, in an elliptical orbit, 
having the sun in one of its foci. 

eOM'ET, n. A game at cards. Southerne. 



€OM-ET-A'Rr-UM, ) n. A machine exhibiting an idea of 

€OM'ET-A-RY, ) the revolution of a comet round the 
sun. 

€0]M'ET-A-RY, a. Pertaining to a comet. Ckeyne. 

€0-MET'I€, a. Relating to a comet. 

€OM'ET-LlKE, a. Resembling a comet. Shak. 

€OM-ET-OG'RA-PHY, n. [comet, and Gr. ypacpd).] A de- 
scription or treatise of comets. 

€0M'FIT, or €6M'FI-TURE, n [D. konfyt ; Fr. confit, 
confiture.'] A dry sweet-meat ; any kind of fruit or root 
preserved with sugar and dried 

€oM FIT. v.t. To preserve dry with sugar. 

€6M'FIT-Ma- KER, n. One who makes or prepares ccmiits. 

€6M'F0RT, V t. [Low L. conforto.'] 1. To strengthen ; to 
invigorate ; to cheer or enliven. 2. To strengthen the 
mind when depressed or enfeebled ; to console ; to give 
new vigor to the spirits ; to cheer, or relieve from depres- 
sion, or trouble. — 3. In law, to relieve, assist or encourage, 
as the accessory to a crime after the fact. 

€oM'F0RT, n. 1. Relief from pain ; ease ; rest or moderate 
pleasure after pain, cold, or distress, or uneasiness of body. 
2. Relief from distress of mind ; the ease and quiet which 
is experienced when pain, trouble, agitation or aftiiction 
ceases ; consolation. 3. Support ; consolation under ca- 
lamity, distress or danger. 4. That which gives strength 
or support in distress, difficulty, danger, or infirmity. — 
5. In la7D, support ; assistance ; countenance ; encourage- 
ment. 6. That which gives security from want, and fur- 
nisjies moderate enjoyment. 

€oM'FORT-A-BLE, a. 1. Being in a state of ease, or mod- 
erate enjoyment, as a person after sickness or pain. This 
is the most common use of the word in the United States. 

2. Admitting comfort ; that may afford comfort. 3. Giv- 
ing comfort ; affording consolation. 4. Placing above 
want, and aflbrding moderate enjoyment. 

€6M'F0RT-A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of enjoying comfort. 

€6M'F0RT-A-BLY, adv. 1. In a manner to give comfort 
or consolation. 2. With comfort, or cheerfulness ; with- 
out despair. 

€6M'F0RT-BI),pp. Strengthened; consoled; encouraged. 

€oM'FORT-ER, n. l.One who administers comfort or con- 
solation ; one who strengthens and supports the mind in 
distress or danger. 2. The title of the Holy Spirit, whose 
oflice it is to comfort and support the Christian. 

t€6M'F0RT-FI]L, a. Full of comfort. 

€6M'F0RT-ING, jW' Giving strength or spirits ; giving 
ease ; cheering ; encouraging ; consoling. 

€6M'F0RT-LESS, a. Without comfort. 

€6M'FORT-RESS, n. A female that affords comfort. 

€6F'FRY ' I "• ^ genus of plants, the Symphytum. 

€0?»I'I€!, 0. [Ij. c amicus. ] 1. Relating to comedy, as disthict 
from tragedy. 2. Raising mirth ; fitted to excite merri- 
ment. 

€0M'I-€AL, a. 1. Relating to comedy ; comic. 2. Exciting 
mirth ; diverting ; sportive ; droll. 

€OM'I-€AL-L Yjarfy. 1. In a manner befitting comedy. 2. 
In a comical manner ; in a manner to raise mirth. 

COM'I-€AL-NESS, n. The quality of being comical ; the 
power or quality of raising mirth. 

€6M'ING, ppr. 1. Drawing nearer, or nigh; approaching; 
moving towards ; advancing. 2. a. Future ; yet to come, 

3. Forward ; ready to come. 

CoM'ING, 71. 1. The act of coming; approach. 2. The 
state of being come ; arrival. 

€0-MIN'GLE. See Commingle. 

€oM'ING-IN, ?!. 1. Entrance. 2. Beginning ; commence 
ment. 3. Income ; revenue ; [not noio used.] 4. Com- 
pliance ; submission ; [tio* in use.] 

€0-Mi"TIAL, a. [L. comitia.} 1. Relating to the comitia or 
popular assemblies of the Romans, for electing officers and 
passing laws. 2. Relating to an order of Presbyterian 
assemblies. 

COM'I-TY, n. [L. comitas.] Mildness and suavity of man- 
ners ; courtesy ; civility ; good breeding. 

COM'MA, n. [Gr. KoiAjxa.] 1. In icriting and printing, this 
point [ , ] denoting the shortest pause in reading. — 2. In 
music, an enharmonic interval, being the eighth part of a 
tone, or the difference between a major and a minor semi- 
tone. 3. Distinction. 

COM-MAND', V. t. [Fr. commander; con, or com , s.m\ L. 
mando.] 1. To bid; to order; to direct; to charge; im- 
plying authority, and power to control, and to requiie 
obedience. 2. To govern, lead or direct ; to have or to 
exercise supreme authority over. 3. To have in power ; 
to be able to exercise power or authority over. 4. To over- 
look, or have in the power of the eye, without obstruction 
5. To direct ; to send. 6. To have or to exercise a con- 
trolling influence over. 

€OM-MAND', V. i. To have or to exercise supreme authori- 
ty ; to possess the chief power ; to govern. 

€OM-MAND', 71, 1. The right or power of governing with 
chief or exclusive authority ; supreme power ; control 



* Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— B^LL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z j CH as SH j TH as in this, t Obsolete 



COM 



164 



COM 



2. The power of controlling; governing Influence ; 8vvay. 
3 Cogent or absolute authority. 4. The act of command- 
ing ; the mandate uttered ; order given. 5. The power 
of overlooking, or surveying, without obstruction. 6. The 
power of governing or controlling by force, or of defend- 
ing and protecting. 7. That which is coimnanded ; con- 
trol. Marshall. 

€OM-MaND'A-BLE, a. That may be commanded. 

eOM-MAN-DANT', n. [Fr.] A commander; a command- 
ing officer of a place or of a body of forces. 

€OM-MAND'A-TO-RY, a. Having tlie force of a command. 

eOM-MAND'ED, pp. Ordered; directed; governed; con- 
trolled, 

€0M-MAN1)'ER, n. 1. A chief; one who has supreme 
authority ; a leader ; the chief officer of an army, or of 
any division of it. 2. One on whom is bestowed a bene- 
fice or command ry. 3. A heavy beetle or wooden mallet, 
used in paving, &c. 4. An instrument of surgery. 

eOM-MAND'ER-Y, ) n. [Fr. commanderie.] A kindofbene- 

eOM-MAND'RY, ) hce or fixed revenue, belonging to 
a military order, conferred on knights of merit. 

eOM-MAND'ING, ppr. 1. Bidding ; ordering; directing 
with authority ; governing ; bearing rule ; exercising su- 
preme authority ; having in power ; overlooking without 
obstruction. 2. a. Controlling by influence, authority, or 
dignity. 

C'0:M-MANU'IN(x-LY, adv. In a commanding manner. 

COM-MAND'MENT, n. 1. A command; a mandate; an 
order or injunction given by authority ; charge ; precept. 

2. By way of eminence, a precept of the decalogue, or 
moral law, written on tables of stone, at Mount Sinai. 

3. Authority ; coercive power. 
eOM-MAND'RESS, n. A woman invested with supreme 

authority. 

eOM'MARK_j n. [Fr. comarque.] The frontier of a country. 

COM-MA-Te'RI-AL, a. Consisting of the same matter with 
another thing. Bacon. 

€0M-MA-TE-RI-AL'I-TY, n. Participation of the same 
matter. 

eOM'MA-TISM, 71. Briefness ; conciseness in writing. Bp. 
Horsley. 

eOM-MEAS'U-RA-BLE, (kom-mezh'iur-a-bl.) a. Reduci- 
ble to the same measure. But commensurable is generally 
used. 

60M'ME-LINE, n. A genus of herbaceous plants, comme- 
lliia. 

eOM-MEM'0-RA-BLE, a. Memorable ; worthy to be re- 
membered, or noticed with honor. See Memorable. 

eOM-MEM'O-RAlE, v. t. [L. commemoro.] To call to 
remembrance by a solemn act ; to celebrate with honor 
and solemnity. 

€0M-MEM'0-RA-TED, pp. Called to remembrance by some 
act of solemnity. 

€OM-MEM'0-RA-TING, ppr. Celebrating with honor by 
some solemn act. 

eOM-MEM-0-RA'TION, n. The act of calling to remem- 
brance by seme solemnity ; the act of honoring the 
memory of some person or event by solemn celebration. 

eOM-M£M'0-RA-TiVE, a. Tending to preserve the re- 
membrance of something. 

€OM-MEM'0-RA-TO-RY, a. Serving to preserve the mem- 
ory of. 

eOM-MENCE', (kom-mens') v. i. [Fr. commencer.] 1. To 
begin to take rise or origin ; to have first existence. 2. To 
begin; to be, as in a cliange of character. 3. To take a 
degree or the fijst degree in a university or college. 

COM-MENCE', V. t. 1. To begin; to enter upon; to per- 
form the first uct. 2. To begin ; to originate ; to bring. 

eOM-MEN'CEI3, (kom-mensf) pp. Begun ; originated. 

€OM-MENCE'MENT, n. 1. Beginning ; rise ; origin ; first 
existence. 2. The time when students in colleges com- 
mence bachelors ; a day in which degrees are publicly 
conferred on students who have finished a collegiate edu- 
cation. In Cambridge, {Eng.) the day when masters of 



arts and doctors complete their degrees. 
DOM-MEN'CING, ppr. Beginning ; enteri 



entering on ; originat- 

eOM-MEMJ', V. t. [L. commendo.] 1 To represent as 
worthy of notice, regard, or kindness ; to speak in favor 
of; to recommend. 2. To commit ; to intrust or give in 
charge 3. To praise; tn mention v/ith approbation. 
4. To make acceptable or more acceptable. 5. To pro- 
duce or present to favorable notice. 6. To send or bear 
I,;). 

tCOM-iMEND', 71. Commendation. Shak. 

» COM MEND'A-BLE, a. [Formerly accented improperly 
on the first syllable.] That may be cnmmende J or praised ; 
worthy of approbation or praise ; laudable. 

* COM -MEND' A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being commenda- 
ble. 

* COM MEND'A-BLY, adv Laudably ; in a praise-worthy 

manner. 
eOM-MEND'AM, n. In ecclesiastical law, in England, a 
benefice or living commended, by the king or head of the 



church, to the care of a clerk, to hold till a proper pastor 
is provided. Blackstone. 

€OM-MENC'A-TA-RY, n. [Fr. commendataire.] One who 
holds a living in commendam. 

eOM-MEND-A'TION, n. [L. commendatio.] 1. The act of 
commending ; praise ; favorable representation in words ; 
declaration of esteem. 2. Ground of esteem, approbation 
or praise ; that which presents a person or thing to ano- 
ther in a fav^orable light, and renders worthy of regard, or 
acceptance. 3. Service; respects; message of love. 

COM-MEND'A-TOR, n. He who holds a benefice in com- 
mendam usually with a bishopric. 

€OM-MEND'A-TO-RY, a. 1. Which serves to commend ; 
presenting to favorable notice or reception ; containmg 
praise. 2. Holding a benefice in commendam. 

COM-MEND'A-TO-RY, n. A commendation . eulogy. 

COM-MEND'ED, pp. Praised ; represented favorably ; com- 
mitted in charge. 

COM-MEND'ER, n One who commends or praises. 

€OM-MEND'ING, ppr. Praising; representing favorably; 
committing, or delivering in charge. 

fCOM-MENS'AL, n. [L. con and mensa.] One that eats at 
the same table. Chaucer. 

€OM-MEN-SAL'I-TY, n. [Sp. commensalia.] Fellowship at 
table ; the act or practice of eating at the same table. 
[Little used.] Brown. Qillies. 

tCOM-MEN-SA'TION, n. Eating at the same table. 

COM-MEN-SU-RA-BIL'I-TY, \ n. [Fr. commensurabilite.] 

€0?rI-MEN'SU-RA-BLE-NESS, \ The capacity of being 
compared with another in measure, or of heing measured 
by another, or of having a common measure. 

eOM-MEN'SU-RA-BLE, a. [Fr.] That have a common 
measure ; reducible to a common measure. 

€OM-MEN'SU-RATE, a. [It. commensurare.] 1. Reducible 
to one and the same common measure 2. Equal ; pro- 
portional ; having equal measure or extent. 

€OM-MEN'SU-RATE, v. t. To reduce to a common meas- 
ure. 

€OM-MEN'SU-RATE-LY, adv. 1. With the capacity of 
measuring or being measured by some othei- thing. 2. With 
equal measure or extent. 

€OM-MEN-SU-Ra'TION, n. Proportion, or proportion in 
measure ; a state of having a common measure. 

* COM'MENT, V. i. [L. comme7itor.] 1. To write notes on the 

works of an author, with a view to illustrate his meaning, 
or to explain particular passages ; to explain ; to expound ; 
to annotate. 2. To make verbal remarks, or observations. 

* COM'MENT, V. t. 1. To explain. 2. To feign ; to devise ; 

[obs.] 

COM'MENT, n. 1. A note, intended to illustrate a writing, 
or a difficult passage in an author ; annotation ; explana- 
tion ; exposition. 2. That which explains or illustrates 
3. Remark ; observation. 

COM'MEN-TA-RY, n. 1. A comment ; exposition; expla- 
nation ; illustration of difficult and obscure passages in an 
author. 2. A book of comments or annotations. 3. A 
historical narrative ; a memoir of particular transactions. 

COM'MEN-TA-RY, v. t. To write notes upon. [L. u.] 

COM'MEN-TATE, v. i. To annotate ; to write notes upon. 
Pursuits of Lit. 

COM'MEN-TA-TOR, n. One who comments; one who 
writes annotations ; an expositor ; an annotator. 

eOM'MENT-ER, n, 1. One that writes comments; an an- 
notator. 2. One who makes remarks. 

€OM'MENT-ING, ppr. Making notes or comments on some- 
thing said or written. 

eOM-MEN-Ti"TIOUS, a. [L. commentitius.] Invented; 
feigned ; imaginary. 

CO]M'MERCE, n. [Fr. commerce.] I. In a general sense, an 
interchange or mutual change of goods, wares, produc- 
tions, or property of any kind, between nations or indi- 
viduals, either by barter, or by purchase and sale ; trade ; 
traffick. 2. Intercourse between individuals. 3. Famil- 
iar intercourse between the sexes. 4. Interchange ; re- 
ciprocal communications. 

COM'MERCE, V. i. 1. To traffick ; to carry on trade. 2. To 
hold intercourse with. 

t COM-MER'CER, n. One who trafficks or holds intercourse 
with another. 

eOM-MER'CIAL, a. 1. Pertaining to commerce or trade 
2. Carrying on commerce. 3. Proceeding from trade. 

COM-MER'CIAL-LY, adv. In a commercial view. 

COM'MI-GRATE, t).- j. \li. commigro.] To migrate togeth- 
er ; to move in a body from one country or place to another 
for permanent residence. [Littleused.] 

€OM-MI-GRa'TION, 71. The- moving of a body of people 
from one country or place to another with a view to per- 
manent residence. 

COM-MI-Na'TION, n. [L. comminatio.] 1. A threat or 
threatening ; a denunciation of punislunent or vengeance, 
2. The recital of God's threatenings on stated days ; an 
office in the liturgy of the church of England. 

€0M-MIN'A-T0-RY, a. Threatening ; denouncing punish- 
ment. 



* See Synopsis. A, K, T, 6, tJ, Y, long.—F AR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



COM 



165 



COM 



COM-MIN'GLE, v. t. To mix together j to mingle in one [ 
mass, or intimately ; to blend. 

€OM-MIN'GLE, v. i. To mix or unite togetIi«r, as different 
substances. Bacon. 

t€OM-MlN'U-ATE, v. t. To grind. 

€OM-MIN'U-I-BLE, a. Reducible to powder. 

€OM'MI-NUTE, v.t. [L. comminuo.] To make small or 
fine ; to reduce to minute particles, or to a fine powder ; 
to pulverize ; to triturate ; to levigate^ 

€OM'MI-NU-TED, yp. Reduced to fine particles ; pulver- 
ized ; triturated. 

€OM'MI-NU-TING, ppr. Reducing to fine particles ; pul- 
verizing ;_levigatmg 

€OM-MINu'TION, n. 1 The act of reducing to a fine pow- 
der or to small particles ; pulverization. 2. Attenuation. 

eOM-MlS'ER-A-BLE, a. Deserving of commiseration or 
pity ; pitiable j that may excite sympathy or sorrow. 
[Little used.'] 

eOM-MlS'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. comviiseror.] 1. To pity ; to 
compassionate ; to feel sorrow, pain or i-egret fir another 
in distress. 2. To regret: to pity ; to be sorry for. 

eOM-MIS'ER-A-TED,pi;. Pitied. 

eOM-MIS'ER-A-TlNG, ppr. Pitying ; compassionating ; 
feelhig sorrovv for. 

eOM-MIS-ER-A'TION, ?i. Pity ; compassion ; a sympathetic 
suffering of pain or sorrow for the wants, alilictions or dis- 
tresses of another. 

t€OM-M[S'ER-A-TIVE, a. Compassionate. 

eOM-MIS'ER-A-T!VE-L\^, adv. From compassion. 

€OM-MIS'ER-A-TOR, ii. One who pities. 

eOM-MIS-SA'RI-AL, a, i'ertainiag to a coinmissary. S/;i.ol- 
lett uses commissorial ; but this is not authorized. 

€0M-M1S-Sa'RI-ATE, ?(. [Sp. coniisariato.] The office 
or employm.ent of a commissary ; or tiie vvliole body of 
otiicers in the commissary's department 

eOM'MIS-SA-RY, TO. [FT.conimissaire.] I. A Commissioner; 
one to whom is committed some charge, duty or ofhce. — 

2. In ecclesiastical law, an officer of the bishop, who ex- 
ercises spiritual jurisdiction in places of the diocese. — 

3. In a mUitary sense, an officer who has the charge of 
furnishing provisions, clothing, &c., for an army. 4. An 
officer who musters the army, receives and inspects it^ 
muster-rolls, and keeps an account of its strength. 

eOM-MIS-SA'RI-AT, n. The commissary department. 

€0M'MIS-SA-RY-SHIP, k. The office of a commissary. 

eOM-MIS'SION, 71. [Fr. commission. 1. The act of commit- 
ting, doing, performing or perpetrating. 2. The act of com- 
mitting or sending to ; the act of intrusting, as a cliarge or 
duty. 3. The thing committed, intrusted or delivered ; 
letters patent, or any writing from proper authority, given 
to a person as his warrant for exercising certain "pcv/ers, 
ortheperforraanceof any duty. 4. Charge; order; man- 
dale ; authority given. — 5 By a victonymy, a number of 
persons joined in an office or trust. 6. The state of that 
which is intrusted. — 7. In commerce, the state of acting 
under authority in the purcliase and sale of goods fur 
another. 8. The allowance made to a factor or commis- 
sion-merchantefbr transacting business. 

€OM-MIS'SION-MER'CHANT, n. A merchant who trans- 
acts business as the agent of other men, in buying and 
eelling. 

eOM-MIS'SION, v.t. 1. To give a commission to ; to em- 
power or authorize by commission. 2. To send with a 
mandate or authority. 3. To authorize or empower. — 
[Note. Commissionatc, in a like sense, has been used, but 
rarely.] 

eOM-MIS'SION-AL, ha. Appointed by warrant. [Little 

eOM-MlS'SION-A-RY, \ used.] 

eOM-MIS'SION- ATE, v. t. To commission. Wkitbv. 

eOM-MIS'SIONED, -pp. Furnished with a commission ; 
empowered ; authorized. 

eOM-MIS'SION-ER, n. A person who has a commission or 
warrant from proper authority, to perform some office, or 
execute some business. 

eOM-MIS'SION-ING, ppr. Giving a commission to ; fur- 
nishing with a warrant; empowering by letters patent or 
other writing ; authorizing. 

* eOM'MIS-SURE, n. [L. commissura.] 1. A joint, seam or 
closure ; the place where two bodies or parts of a body 
meet and unite ; an interstice or cleft between particles 
or parts, as between plates or lamellw. — 2. In architecture, 
the joint of two stones, or application of the surface of one 
to that of another. — 3. In anatomy, a suture of the crani- 
um or skull ; articulation ; the corners of the lips. Also, 
certain parts in the ventricles of the brain, uniting the two 
hemispheres. 

eOM-MIT', V. t. [L. committo.^ 1. To give in trust; to put 
into the hands or power of another ; to intrust. 2. To 
put into any place for preservation ; to deposit. 3. To put 
or send to, for confinement. 4. To do ; to effect or perpe- 
trate. 5. To join or put together, for a contest ; to match ; 
followed by with ; a Latinism. 6. To expose or endanger 
by a prelimmary step or decision which cannot be recalled. 
7. To engage ; to pledge ; or to pledge by implication 



Marshall. 8. To refer or intrust to a committee, or select 
number of persons, for their consideration and report; a 

term of legislation. 

t€OM-MIT', V. i. To be guilty of iucontinency. Shak. 

eOM-MiT'MENT, n. 1. The act of' committing ; a sending 
to pris(m ; a putting into prison ; imprisonment. 2. An 
order for confining in prison. But more generally we use 
inittimus. 3. The act of referring or intrusting to a com- 
mittee for consideration ; a term in legislation. 4. Tlie 
act of delivering in cliarge, or intrusting. 5. A doing, or 
perpetration, as of sin or a crime ; commission. 6. The 
act of pledging or engaging ; or the act of exposing or en- 
dangering. Hamilton. 

<^OM-MlT'TED, pp. iSeiivered in trust; given in charge 
deposited ; imprisoned ; done ; perpetrated ; engaged 
exposed ; referred to a committee. 

€OM-MIT'TEE, n. One or more persons, elected or appoint 
ed, to whom any matter or business is referred, either by 
a legislative body or either branch of it, or by a court, or 
by any corporation, or by any society, or collective body 
of men acting together. 

€OM-MIT'T£E-SiiiP, n. The office and profit of commit- 
tees. 

eOM-MIT'TER, n. One who commits ; one who does or 
perpetrates. 

eOM-?,IlT'TI-BEE, a. That may be committed. [L. v..] 

eOM-MlT'TING, ppr. Giving in trust ; depositing ; im- 
prisoning ; perpetratmg ; engaging ; refemng to a com- 
mittee ; exposing. 

COM-MIX', V. t. [L. cornmisceo.] To mix or mingle ; to 
blend ; to mix, as different substances. 

€OM-MIX', V. i. To mix ; to mingle. Shale. 

eOM-MIX'ED, (kom mixt') pp. Mixed ; blended. 

COM-MIX'ING, ppr. Mixing ; blending. 

£;OM-MiX'TION, TO. Mixture ; a blending of different in- 
gredients in one mass or compound. 

eOM-MlXT'URE, TO. 1. The act of mixing; the state of 
being mingled ; the blending of ingredients in one mass or 
compound. 2. The mass formed by mingling different 
things ; composition ; compound.~3. In Scots law, a 
method of acquiring property, by blending different sub- 
stances belonging to different proprietors. 

€OM-MoDE', «. [Fr. ; 1,. commodus.] A kind of head-dress 
formei^y worn by ladies. 

€OM-Mo'DI-OUS, a. [Fr. commode.] Convenient ; suita- 
ble ; fit ; proper ; adapted to its use or purpose, or to wants 
and necessities. 

€OM-Mo DI-OUS-LY, ado. Conveniently ; in a commodious 
manner ; suitably ; in a manner to afford ease, or to pre- 
vent uneasiness. 

€0£I-Mo'DI-OUS-NESS, n. Convenience ; fitness j suita- 
bleness for its purpose. 

€OM-MOD'I-TY, ?(. [L. commoditas.] 1. Primarily, con- 
venience ; profit ; advantage ; interest. Li this sense 
nearly obsolete. 2. 1'hat which affords ease, convenience 
or advantage ; any thing that is useful, but particularly in 
commerce, including every thing movable that is bought 
and sold, goods, wares, merchandise, produce of land and 
manufactures. — Staple commodities are those which are tlie 
produce or manufacture of a country, and constitute the 
principal articles of exportation. 

€OM'MO-DoRE, to. [It. comandatore.] 1. The officer who 
commands a squadron or detachment of ships. 2. A title 
given by courtesy to the senior captain, when three or 
more ships of war are cruising in company. 3. The con- 
voy or leading ship in a fleet of merchantmen, which car- 
ries a light in her top to conduct the other ships. 

€OM-MOD-U-La'TION, to. [L. con and modulatio.] Meas- 
ure ; agreement. [Little used.] 

fCOMMOlGNE, n. [Fr.] A monk of the same convent. 

COM'MON, a. [h. communis ; Fr. commun.] 1. Belonging 
equally to more than one, or to many indefinitely. 2. 
Belonging to the public ; having no separate owner. 3. 
General ; serving for the use of all. 4. Universal ; be- 
longing to all. 5. Public ; general ; frequent. 6. Usual ; 
ordinary. 7. Of no rank or superior excellence ; ordinary. 
Applied to men, it signifies, not noble. 8. Prostitute ; 
lewd. — 9. In grammar, such verbs as signify both action 
and passion, are called common ; also, such nouns as are 
both masculine and feminine, as parens. 

Common laio, in Great Britain and the United States, the 
unwritten law, the law that receives its binding force from 
immemorial usage and universal reception, in distinc- 
tion from the written or statute law. — Common Pleas, in 
Great Britain, one of the king's courts, now held in 
Westminster Hall. In some of the American states, a 
court of common pleas is an inferior court, whose jurisdic- 
tion is limited to a county, and it is sometimes called a 
county court. — Common Prayer, the liturgy of the church 
of England, which all the clergy of the church are enjoin- 
ed to use. 

€OM'MON, TO. 1. A tract of ground, the use of which is not 
appropriated to an individual, but belongs to the public, or 
to a number.— 2. In law, an open ground, or that soil the 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ,— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



COM 



16G 



COM 



use of which belongs equally to the inhabitants of a town 
or of a lordship, or to a certain number of proprietors. 

COM'MON, V. i. 1. To have a joint right with others in 
common ground. 2. To board together 3 to eat at a table 
in common. 

eOM'MON, adv. Commonly. 

eOM'MON-eOUN'OIL, n. The council of a city or corpo- 
rate town, empowered to make by-laws for the govern- 
ment of the citizens. 

eOM'MON-€OUN'ClL-MAN, n. 1, One who communi- 
cates in council with otliers. 2. A member of the com- 
mon-council of London. B. Jonson. 

eOjM'IVION-€RI'ER, n A crier whose occupation is to give 
notice of lost tilings. 

€OM'MON-IIALL, n. A hall or house in which citizens 
meet for business. 

€OM'MON-LAW YER, n. One versed in commmi law. 

€OM'MON-PLACE, n. A memorandum ; a common topic. 

€OM'MON-PLACE, v. t. To enter in a commonplace-book, 
or to reduce to general heads. — Commonplace-book, a book 
in which are registered such facts, opinions or observa- 
tions a« are deemed woi-thy of notice or remembrance, so 
disposed that any one may be easily found. Hence com- 
monplace is used as an epithet to denote what is common 
or often repeated, or trite. 

eOM'MOiV-A-BLE, a. 1. Held in common. 9. Tliat may 
be pastin-ed on common land. 

eOM'iMON-A6E, n. The right of pasturing on a common ; 
the joint right of ushig any thing in common with others. 

€OM'MON-AL-TY, ?!. 1. The common people. In Great 
Britain, all classes and conditions of people, v/ho are be- 
low the rank of nobility. 2. The bulk of mankind. 

eOM'MON-ER, n. 1 . One of the lower rank, or common 
people ; one under the degree of nobility. 2. A member 
of the house of commons. 3. One who has a joint right 
in common ground. 4. A student of the second rank in 
the universities in England ; one who eats at a common 
table. 5. A prostitute. Shak. 6. A partaker. 

€OM-MO-NI"TION, n. [L. commonitio.] Advice ; warn- 
ing ; instruction. [Little used.] 

€OM-MON'I-TlVE, a. Warning ; monitory. [Little used.] 

€OM'iVION-LY, adv. Usually ; generally ; ordinarily ; fre- 
quently ; for the most part. 

eOM'MON-NESS, 7J. 1. Frequent occurrence; a state of 
being common or usual. 2. Equal participation by two 
or more. [Little used.] 

€OM'i\IONS, n. plu. 1. The common people, who inherit 
or possess no honors ortitles ; the vulgar. Dryden. 2. In 
England, the lower house of Parliament, consisting of the 
representatives of cities, boroughs and counties. This 
body is called the HoiLse of Commons. 3. Common 
grounds ; land possessed or used by two or more persons 
in common. 4. Food provided at a common table, as in 
colleges, where many persons eat at the same table or in 
the same hall. — Doctors Commons, m London, a college 
founded by Br. Harvey, for the professors of the civil law, 
where the civilians common together. 

t eOM-MON'STRATE, ?;. «. To teach. Cocker am. 

€OM'MON-TY, n. In Scots laic, land belonging to two or 
more common proprietors ; or a heath or muir, of which 
there has been a promiscuous possession by pastu'-age. 

€OM-xAI0N-We AL', ) 11. I. An established form of gov- 

COM-MON- WEALTH', ( ernment or civil polity ; or, more 
generally, a state ; a body politic ; properhi, a free state. 
2. The whole body of people in a state ; the public. 3. 
The territory of a state ; as, all the land witliin the limits 
of the commonwealth. Massachusetts. 

€OM-MON-WEALTH'S'MAN, n. One who favors the 
ccinmonwealth, or a republican government. 

eO.Ki MO-RANCE, )n. VL. commorans.] A dwelling or or- 

€OM'MO-RAN-CY, \ dmary residence in a place ; abode : 
habitation. 

€OM'MO-RANT, a. Dwelling; ordinarily residing: in- 
habiting. 

t€OM-MO-RA'TION, 71. A staying, or tarrying. Cockcram. 

€OM-Mo'RI-ENT, a. [L. commoriens.] Dying at the same 
time. 

eOM'MoTH-ER, n. A godmother. [Littleused.] 

€OM-Mo'TION, n. [L. commotio.] 1. Agitation ; as the 
/;ommot»iireof the sea. 2. Tumult of people ; disturbance; 
disorder, which may amount at times to sedition or insur- 
rection. 3. Agitation ; perturbation ; disorder of mind ; 
heat ; excitement. 

€OM-Mo'TION-ER, n. One who excites commotion. [Lit- 
tle used.] 

€0M-Mc3VE', V. t. [L. cojnmoveo.] To put in motion ; to 
disturb ; to agitate ; to unsettle ; a poetic loord. Thomson. 

€OM-MCNE', V. i. [Fr. communier.] 1. To converse ; to 
talk together familiarly ; to impart sentiments mutually, 
in private or familiar discourse. 2. To have intercourse 
in contemplation or meditation. 3. To partake of the sa- 
crament or Lord's supper ; to receive the communion ; a 
common use of the word in Am.erica. 

COM-MCNE , n. A small territorial district in France— one 



of the subordinate divisions of the country introduced Ifl 
the late revolution. 

€0M-MU'N1-BUS AN-NIS. One year with another ; on an 
average. — Communibus locis. One place with another ; on 
a medium. 

€OM-MU-NI-€A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being com- 
municable ; capability of being imparted from one to an- 
other. 

€OM-Mu'NT €A BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. That may be commu- 
nicated ; capable of being imparted from one to another. 

2. That may be recounted. 3. Communicative ; ready 
to impart ; [not used.] 

€OM-Mu'NI-€A-BLE-NESS, n. Being communicable. 

€OM-Mu'NI-€ANT, 71. One who communes at the Lord's 
table ; one who is entitled to partake of the sacrament, at 
the celebration of the Lord's supper. 

€OM-Mu'NI-€ATE, v.t. [h. communico.] 1. To impart ; 
to give to another, as a partaker . to confer for joint pos- 
session ; to bestow, as that which tlie receiver is to hold, 
retain, use or enjoy. 2. To impart reciprocally, or mu- 
tually ; to have or enjoy a share of. 3. To impart, as 
knowledge ; to reveal ; to give, as information, either by 
words, signs or signals. 4. To deliver ; to give. 

eOM-Mu'NI-€ATE, 7). i. 1. To partake of the Lord's sup- 
per. Taylor 2. To have a communication or passage 
from one to another ; to have the means of passing from 
one to another. 3. To have intercourse ; applied to per- 
sons. 4. To have, enjoy or suffer reciprocally ; to have a 
share with another. 

COM-JIli'NI-eA-TED, pp. Imparted from one to another j 
bestowed ; delivered. 

€OM-Mu'NI-€A-TING, ppr. I. Imparting; giving or be- 
stowing ; delivering. 2. Partaking of the sacrament of 
the Lord's supper. 3. Leading or conducting from place 
to place, as a passage ; connected by a passage or chan- 
nel. 4. Having intercourse by words, letters or messages ; 
corresponding. 

COM-MU-NI-Ca'TION, 7). 1. The act of imparting, confer- 
ring or delivering, from one to another. 2. Intercourse 
by words, letters or messages ; interchange of thoughts or 
opinions, by conierence or other means. 3. Intercourse ; 
interchange of knowledge ; correspondence ; good under- 
standing between men. 4. Connecting passage; means 
of passing from place to place. 5. That which is commu- 
nicated or imparted. — 6. In rhetoric, a trope by which a 
speaker or writer takes his hearer or speaker as a partner 
in his sentiments, and says we, instead of /or yo^i. 

COM-Mu'NI-CA-TIVE, a. 1. Inchned to communicate • 
ready to impart to others. 2. Disposed to impart or dis- 
close, as knowledge, opinions or facts ; free to communi- 
cate ; not reserved. 

€OM-Mu'NI-€A-TiVE-NESS, n. The quality of being com- 
municative ; readiness to impart to others ; freedom from 
reserve. 

€OM-Mu'NI-CA-TO-RY, a. Imparting knowledge. 

€OM-MuN'ING, ppr. Conversing familiarly; having fa- 
miliar jntercourse. 

€OM-MuN'ING, n. Familiar converse ; private intercourse. 
E. T. Fitch. 

COM-MuN'ION, 71. [L. communio ; Fr. communion.] 1. 
Fellowship ; intercourse between two persons or more ; 
interchange of transactions, or offices ; a state of giving 
and receiving ; agreement ; concord. 2. Mutual inter- 
course or union in religious worship, or in doctrine and 
discipline. 3. The body of Christians who have one com- 
mon faith and discipline. 4. The act of communicating 
the sacrament of the eucharist; the celebration of the 
Lord's supper ; the partieipation of tlie blessed sacrament. 
5. Union of professing Christians in a particular churcJi. 
— Communion-service, in the Liturgy of the Episcopal 
church, is the office for the administration of the holy sa- 
crament. 

COM-MuN'ION-IST, n. One who is of the same commun- 
ion. Dury. 

COM-MU'NI-TY, n. [L. communitas.] 1. Properly, com- 
mon possession or enjoyment. 2. A society of people, 
having common rights and privileges, or common inter- 
ests ; or living under the same laws and regulations ; a 
commonwealtli or state, a body politic. 3. Commonness ; 
frequency ; [qbs.] 

€OM-MU-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being capable 
of being exchanged, or put, one in the place of the other. 

COM-MCf'TA-BLE, a. [L. commutabilis.] That may be ex- 
changed, or mutually changed ; that may be given for 
another. — In philology, that may pass from one into an- 
other. 

€OM-MU-Ta'TION, 71. [L. commutatio.] 1. Change ; al- 
teration ; a passing from one state to another. 2. Ex- 
change ; the act of giving one thing for another ; barter. — 

3. In laiD, the change of a penalty or punishment from a 
greater to a less ; as banishment instead of death. 

€OM-Mu'TA-TiVE, a. [Fr. commutatif.] Relative to ex- 
change ; interchangeable ; mutually passing from one to 
another. 



* See Syneysia a. E, I, 6, tj, Y, long.—VAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. 



coivr 



167 



COM 



eOM-MC'TA-TIVE-LY, adv. By way of reciprocal ex- 
cliaiige, 

eOM-MuTE', V. t. [L. commuto.] 1. To exchange ; to put 
one thing in the place of another j to give or receive one 
thing for another. — 2. In ImD, to exchange one penahy or 
punislmient for another of less severity. 

eOM-MuTE', v.i. To atone 3 to compensate j to stand in 
tJie place of. 

eOM-MuT'U-AL, a. Mutual ; reciprocal ; iised in poetry. 

eOM-PACT', a. [L. compactus.] 1. Closely and firmly 
united, as the particles of solid bodies ; firm ; close ; sol- 
id ; dense. 2, Composed ; consisting. 3. Joined ; held 
together. [Little Tised.] 4. iirief ; close, pithy ; not dif- 
fuse ; not verbose. 

eOM'PACT, ri. [L. compactum.] An agreement; aeon- 
tract between parties ; a word that may be applied, in a 
general sense, to any covenant or contract between indi- 
viduals ; but it is more generally applied to agreements 
between nations and states, as treaties and confedera- 
cies. 

f:OM-PA€T', V. t. 1. To thrust, drive or press closely to- 
gether ; to join firmly ; to consolidate ; to make close ; a3 
the parts which compose a body. 2. To unite or connect 
firmly, as in a system. 3. To league with. -i. To com- 
pose or make out of. 

€OM-PA€T'ED, p;?. Pressed close; firmly united, or con- 
nected. 

€OM-PA€T'ED-L,Y, adv. Closely, Lovelace. 

eOM-PA€T'ED-NESS, n. A state of being compact ; firm- 
ness; closeness of parts ; density, whence results hard- 
ness. 

f- €OM-PA€T'I-BLE, a. Tliat may be joined. 

eOM-PA€T'lNG, ppr. Uniting closely ; consolidating. 

eOM-P ACTION, n. The act of making compact : or the 
state of being compact. 

eOM-PA€T'LY, adv. Closely ; densely ; with close union 
of parts. 

eOM-PA€T'WESS, n Firmness; close union of parts; 
density. 

eOM-PA€T'UP>,E, n. Close union or connection cf parts ; 
structure v/ell connected ; manner of joining. 

eOM-PA'GES, ) 71. [L.] A system or structure of many 

€0j\I'PA-6ES, i parts united. 

f €OM-PAG'IN-ATE, v. t. To set together that which is 
broken. 

eOM-PA6-I-NA'TION, n. [L. compaao.) Union of parts ; 
structure ; connection ; contexture. [Little used.] 

t €6M'PA-NA-BLE, a. Companionable. Chaucer. 

teoMTA-NA-BLE-NESS, «. Sociableness. Sidney. 

t €e:>M-PAN'I-A-BLE, a. Social. Bacon. 

t €OM-PAN'I-A-BLB-NESS, n. Sociableness. Hall. 

eOM-PAN'ION, (kom-pan'yun) n. [Fr. covipagnon.] 1. One 
who keeps company with another ; one with whom a 
person frequently associates, and converses. 2. One who 
accompanies another ; as two persons meeting casually 
and traveling together are called compuniuris. 3. A part- 
ner; an associate. 4. A fellow; a mate. 5. A sort of 
wooden porch placed over the entrance or stair-case of 
the cabin In merchant ships. Hence the ladder by which 
officers ascend to and descend from the quarter deck is 
called the companion ladder. 

€OM-PAN'ION-A-BLE, a. Fit for good fellowship ; quali- 
fied to be agreeable in company ; sociable ; agreeable as a 
companion. 

eOM-PAN'ION-A-BLY, adu. In a companionable man- 
ner. 

eOM-PAN'ION-SHlP, n. 1, Fellowship ; association. 2. 
Company ; train. 

€idlyl'VA-'NY,n. [It. compagnia.] 1. Inndlitary affairs, the 
soldiers united under the command of a captain ; a subdi- 
vision of a regiment. 2. Any assemblage of persons ; a 
collection of men, or other animals, in a very indefinite 
sense. 3. An assemblage of persons for entertainment or 
festivity ; a party collected by invitation or otherwise. 4. 
Persons that associate with others for conversation or 
pleasure ; society. 5. The state of being a companion ; 
the act of accompanying ; fellowship ; society. 6. A 
number of persons united for the same purpose, or in a 
joint concern. 7. The crew of a ship, including tlie offi- 
cers ; also, a fleet. — To bear company, to accompany ; to 
attend; to go with. — To keep company, to accompany; 
to attend ; also, to associate with frequently or habitually 

eoM'PA-NY, V. t. To accompany ; to attend ; to go with ; 
to be companion to. 

eOM'PA-NY, V. i. 1. To associate with; to frequent the 
company of. 2. To be a gay companion ; [ohs.'\ 3. To 
have commerce with the other sex. 

eOM'PA-RA-BLE, a. [L. comparabilis.] That may be com- 
pared ; worthy of comparison ; being of equal regard ; 
that may be estimated as equal. 

eOMTA-RA-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree worthy to 
be compared, or of equal regard. 

eOM'PA-RATES, n. In logic, the two things compared to 
one another. 



€OM-PAR'A-TIVE, a. [L. comparativus.] 1. Estimated 
by comparison ; not positive or absolute. 2. Having the 
power of comparing difterent things.— 3. In grammar, 
expressing more or less. The comparative degree of an 
adjective expresses a greater or less degree of a quantity, 
or quality, than the positive; as brighter. — Comparative 
anatomy, that branch of anatomy v/hich treats of the anat- 
omy of other animals than man, with a view to compare 
their structure With that of human beings. 

+ €OM-PAil'A-TiVE, n. One wJio is equal or pretends to 
be an equal. SlLak. 

eOI«[-PAil'A-li VE-LY, adv. In a state of comparison ; by 
comparison ; according to estimate made by comparison ; 
not positively, absolutely or in itself. 

€OM-PaRE', v. t. [L. compare] 1. To set or bring things 
together in fact or in contemplation, and to examine the 
relations they bear to each other, with a view to ascertain 
their agreement or disagreement. 2. To liken ; to repre- 
sent as similar, for the purpose of illustration. 3. To ex- 
amine the relations of things to each other, with a view 
to discover their relative proportions, quantities or quali- 
ties. — 4. In grammar, to form an adjective in the degrees 
of comparison ; as, blackish, black, blacker, blackest. 5 
To get ; to procure ; to obtain ; as in Latin ; [obs.] 

€OM-PaRE', v. i. I. To hold comparison ; to be like or 
equal. 2. To vie ; [obs.] Spenser. 

COM-PaRE', ??. 1. The state of being compared ; compara- 
tive estimate; comparison; possibility of entering into 
com.parison, or being considered as equal. 2. Simile ; 
simiiitiuie ; illustration by comparison. 

€OM-PaR'ED, (kom-pard') pp. Set together and examined 
with respect to likeness or unlikeness, agreement or dis- 
agreement ; likened ; represented as similar. 

COM-PaR'ER, n. One who compares or makes a compar- 
ison. 

eOM-PAR'ING, ppr. Examining the relations of things to 
eac!) other ; likening. 

COM-PAR'I-SON, n. [It. comparazione ; Fr. comparaison.] 

1. The act of comparing. 2. The state of being compared. 

3. Comparative estimate ; proportion. — 4. In grammar, 
the formation of an adjective in its several degrees of sig- 
nification. 5. A simile, similitude, or illustration by si- 
militude. — 6. In rhetoric, a figure by which tv/o things 
are considered with regard to a third, which is common 
to them both. 

COM-PART', v. t. [Fr. compartir.] To divide ; to mark 
out a plan or design into its several parts, or subdivisions 
Wotton. 

COM'PART, n. A m.ember. Scott. 

eOM-PART'ED, pp. Divided into parts or apartments. 

eOM-PART'INU, ppr. Dividing or disposing into parts. 

eOxM-PAR-TI"TIOx%', n. 3. The act of dividing into parts. 

2. Division ; part divided ; a separate part. Wotton, 
€OM-PART'MENT, 72. [Fr. compartiment.] 1. A division 

or separate part of a general design, as of a picture, or of a 
ground-plot. 2. A design composed of several different 
figures, disposed with symmetry, for ornament. 

€OM-PART'NEK, n. A sharer. Pearson. 

CoM'PASS, ?j. [Fr. compas] 1. Stretch; reach; extent, 
tlie limit or boundary of a space, and the space included. 
2. A passing round ; a circular course ; a circuit. . 3. Mod- 
erate bounds ; limits of truth ; moderation ; due limits. 

4. The extent or lim.it of the voice or of sound. 5. An 
instrument for directing or ascertaining the course of ships 
at sea, consisting of a circular box, containing a paper 
card marked witli the thirty-two points of direction, fixed 
on a magnetic needle, that always points to the north, the 
variation excepted. — 6. Compass or compasses, an instru- 
ment for describing circles, measuring figures, &c., con 
sisting of two pointed legs or branches, made of iron, steel 
or brass, joined at the top by a rivet, on which they move. 
7. An instrument used in surveying land, constructed in 
the main like the mariner's compass. 

CoM'PASS, V. t. ]. To stretch round ; to extend so as to 
embrace the whole ; to inclose, encircle, grasp or seize. 
2. To surround ; to environ ; to inclose on all sides. 3. 
To go or walk round. 4. To besiege ; to beleaguer ; to 
block up. 5. To obtain ; to attain to ; to procure ; to 
bring within one's power; to accomplish. 6. To pur 
pose ; to intend ; to imagine ; to plot ; to contrive ; as wg 
say, to go about to perform, but in mind only. 

CoM'P ASS-SAW, n. A species of saw, whose office is to 
cut around. 

€6M'PASSED, pp. Embraced ; surrounded ; inclosed ; ob- 
tained; imagined. 

€6M'PASS-ING, ppr. 1. Embracing ; going round ; inclos- 
ing ; obtaining; accomplishing; imagining; intending. — 
2. In ship-building, incurvated ; arched. 

€OM-PAS'SION, n. [It. compassione.] A suffering with 
another ; painful sympathy ; a sensation of sorrow ex- 
cited by the distress or misfortunes of another ; pity ; com- 
miseration. 

t €OM-PAS'SION, V. t. To pity. Shak. 

€OM-PAS'SION-A-BLE, a. Deserving of pity. [L. u. \ Barrow 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as gH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



COM 



1()8 



COM 



t COM-PAS'STON-A-RY, a. Compassionate. Cotgrave. 

eOM-PAS'SlON-ATE, a. Having a temper or disposition to 
pity ; inclined to show mercy ; merciful ; having a heart 
that is tender, and easily moved by the distresses, suffer- 
ings, wants and infirmities of others. 

eOM-P ASSIGN- ATE, v. t. To pity j to commiserate; to 
have compassion for. 

eOx^I-PAS'SIOiV-ATE-LY, adv. With compassion ; merci- 
fullv. Clarendon. 

COM-PAS'SION-ATE-NESS, n. The quality of being com- 
passionate. 

€OM-PA-T£RN'I-TY, n. The relation of a godfather to the 
person for whom he answers. 

eOM-PAT-I-BlL'I-TY, n. Consistency; the quality or 
power of coexisting with something else ; suitableness. 

COM-PAT'i-BLE, a. [Fr. compatible.] 1. Consistent ; that 
may exist with ; suitable ; not incongruous ; agreeable. 

eOM-PAT'I-BLE-NESS, 71. Consistency ; fitness ; agree- 
ment ; the same as compatibility, which is generally used. 

eOM-PAT'1-BLY, ado. Fitly ; suitably ; consistently. 

eOiM-PA'TIENT, a. Suffering togetljer. f Little used.] 

* eOM-PAT'RI-OT, or COM-PA'TRI-OT, n. [It. compa- 
triotta.] A fellow patriot ; one of the same country. 

* €OM-PAT'RI-OT, a. Of the same country. 
€OM-PEER', 7j. [Tu.compar.] An equal ; a companion ; an 

associate ; a mate. 

€Oi\I-PEER', V. t. To equal ; to match ; to be equal with. 
Shak. 

£X)M-PEL', V. t. [L. compeUo.} 1. To drive or urge with 
force, or irresistibly ; to constrain ; to oblige ; to necessi- 
tate. 2. To force ; to take by force, or violence ; to seize. 
'S. To drive together ; to gather ; to unite in a crowd or 
company : a Latinism, compellere gregem. 4. To seize ; 
to overpower ; to hold ; \_unxisual.'\ 5. To call forth ; 
[obs.] 

€OM-PEL'LA-BLE, a. That may be driven, forced or con- 
strained. 

€OM-PEL'LA-BLY, adv. By compulsion. 

COM-PEL-La'TION, 7!. [L. compellatio.] Style or manner 
of address ; the word of salutation. 

t €OM-PEL'LA-TO-RY, a. Having the force of compelling; 
compulsatory. Cavendish. 

COM-PEL'LE'D, (kom-peld') pp. Forced ; constrained ; 
obliged. 

COM-PEL'LER, n. One who compels or constrains. 

€OM-PEL'LING, ppr. Driving by force ; constraining ; 
obliging. 

COM'PEJVD, or €OM-PEND'I-UM, n. [L,. compendium.] An 
abridgment; a summary; an epitome; a brief compilation 
or composition. 

€0-M-PEN-DI-A'RI-OUS, a. Short; contracted. [/..?/.] 

t COM-PEND'I-ATE, v. t. To sum or collect together. 

t COM-PEND-I-OS'I-TY, n. Shortness. 

eOM-PEND'I-OUS, a. 1. Short ; summary ; abridged ; com- 
prehensive ; containing the substance or general princi- 
ples of a subject or work in a narrow compass. 2. Siiort ; 
direct; near; not circuitous. 

COM-PEND'I-OUS-IiY, adv. In a short or brief manner; 
sumnuirilv ; in brief; in epitome. 

€OM-PEND'I-OUS-NESS, n. Shortness ; brevity ; compre- 
hension in a narrow compass. 

eOM-PE.VS'A-BLE, a. That may be compensated. [L.u.l 

* eOM'PE.\-SATE, or COM-PEN'SATE, v. t. [L. com- 
penso.] 1. To recompense; to give an equivalent. 2. To 
be equivalent in value or effect to ; to counterbalance : to 
make amends for. 

* eOM'PEN-SATE, v. i. To make amends ; to supply an 
equivalent. — This word is generally accented on tlie 
second syllable, most unfortunately, as any ear will de- 
termine by the feebleness of the last syllables in the par- 
ticiples, corn-pens' a-ted, corn-pens' a-ting. 

* COM'P£N-SA-TED, pp. Recompensed ; supplied with an 
equivalent in amount or effect ; rewarded. 

* COM PEN-SA-TING, ppr. Givmg an equivalent ; recom- 
pensing ; remunerating. 

€OM-PEN-Sa'TION, n. 1. That which is given or received 
as an equivalent for services, debt, want, loss, or suffer- 
ing ; amends ; remuneration ; recompense. — 2. In laio, 
a set-off; the payment of a debt by a credit of equal 
amount. 

eOil-PEN'SA-TiVE, a. Maiciiig amends or compensation. 

eOM-PEN'SA-TO-RY, a. Serving for compensation ; mak- 
ing amends. 

t COM-PENSE', V. t. To recompense 

t eOM-PE-REN'DI-NATE, v. t. [L. compr.reiidino.] To 
delay. 

t €OM-PE-REN-DI-Na'TION, n. Delay ; dilatorlness. 

€OM-PeTE', v. i. [L. competo.] 1. To seek, or strive for 
the same thing as another ; to carry on competition or 
rivalry. 2. To strive or claim to be equal. Milner. 

eOM'PE-TENCE, \ n. [L. competens.] 1. Sufficiency; 

€0M'PE-TEN-CY, ] such a quantity as is sufficient ; 
property or means of subsistence sufficient to furnish the 
necessaries and conveniencies of life, without superfluity. 



2. Sufficiency, applied to other things than prope-ty. 3 
Legal capacity or qualifications; fitness. 4. Right or au- 
thority ; legal power or capacity to take cognizance of a 
cause. 5. Fitness; adequacy ; suitableness ; legal suffi- 
ciency. 

€OM'PE-TENT, a. 1. Suitable; fit; convenient; hence, 
sufficient, that is, fit for the purpose ; adequate. 2. Qual- 
ified ; fit ; having legal capacity or power. 3. Incident 3 
belonging ; having adequate power or right, 

€OM'PE-TENT-LY, adv. Sufficiently ; adequately ; suit- 
ably ; reasonably. 

t €OM-PET'I-BLE. See Compatible. 

t €OM-PET'I-BLE-NESS, n. Suitableness ; fitness. 

€OM-PeT'ING, ppr. Striving in rivalry. 

€OM-PE-TI"TION, n. [Low L. competitio.] 1. The act of 
seeking, or endeavoring to gain, what another is endeav- 
oring to gain, at the same time ; rivalry ; mutual strife for 
the same object; also, strife for superiority. 2. A state 
of rivalship ; a state of having equal claims. 3. Double 
claim ; claim of more than one to the same thing. 

€OM-PET'I-TOR, n. 1. One who seeks and endeavors to 
obtain wliat another seeks ; or one who claims what an- 
other claims ; a rival. 2. An opponent. 

€OM-PET'I-TO-RY, a. Rivaling; acting in competition 
Dangers of the Country. 

COM-PET'I TRIX ' ( "• -^ female competitor. 

COM-PI-La'TION,' n. ]. A collection of certain parts of a 
book or books into a separate book or pamphlet. 2. A 
collection or assemblage of other substances ; or the act of 
collecting and forming an aggregate. 

t €OM-PI-La'TOR, n. A collector. 

COM-PlLE', V. t. [L. comjnlo.] 1. To collect parts or pas- 
sages of books or writings into a book or pamphlet ; to se- 
lect and put together parts of an author, or to collect parts 
of different authors ; or to collect and arrange separate 
papers, lav/s or customs, in a book, code or system. 2. To 
write; to compose. 3. To contain; to comprise; [not 
used.] 4. To make up ; to compose ; l7iot used.] 5. To 
put together ; to build ; [not v^ed.] 

€OM-PlL'ED, (kom-pild') pp. Collected from authors ; se- 
lected and pirt together. 

€OM-PiLE'MENT, 7;. The act of piling together or heap- 
ing ; coacervation. [Little jised.] 

COM-PiL'ER, 71. A collector of parts of authors, or of sep- 
arate papere or accounts ; one who forms a book or com- 
position from various authors or separate papers. 

COM-PiL'ING, ppr. Collecting and arranging parts of books, 
orsepamte papers, in a body or composition. 

COM-PLa'CEATJE, (n. [L. complacens.] 1. Pleasure ; sat- 

€OM-PLa'CEN-CY, \ isfaction ; gratification. 2. The 
cause of pleasure or joy. 3. Complaisance : civility ; 
softness of manners ; deportment ana audress mat afford 
pleasure. — _,. the latter sense, complaisance, from the 
French, is now used. See Complaisance. 

COM-PLa CENT, ft. Civil ; complaisant. Biirke. 

COM-PLA-CEN'TIAL, a. Marked by complacence; ac- 
commodating. Ch. ReAig. Appeal. 

€OM-PLa CENT-LY, adc. Softly ; in a complacent man- 
ner. 

€OM-PLaLV', v.i. [Fi: complaindre.] 1. To utter expres- 
sions of grief; to lament." 2 To utter expressions of 
censure or resentment ; to murmur , to find fault. 3. To 
utter expressions of uneasiness or pain. 4. To charge ; 
to accuse of an offense ; to present an accusation against 
a person to a proper officer. 5. To represent injuries 
particularly in a writ of audita querela. 

COM-PLaIN', v. t. To lament ; to bewail. 

t COM-PLa IN' A-BLE, a. That may be complained of. 

COM-PLaIN'ANT, n. [Fr. complaignant.] 1. A prosecu 
tor ; one who prosecutes by complaint, or commences a 
legal process against an offender. 2. The plaintiff in a 
writ of audita querela. 

COM-PLaIN'ER, n. One who complains, or expresses 
grief; one who laments; one who finds fault; a mur- 
murer. 

t COM-PLaIN'FUL, a. Full of complaint. 

COM-PLaIN'ING, ppr. Expressing grief, sorrow or cen- 
sure ; finding fault ; murmuring ; lamenting ; accusing of 
an offense. 

€OM-PLaIN'ING, 11. The expression of regret, sorrow, or 
injury. 

COM- PL A INT', 71. [Fx.complainte.] 1. Expression of grief, 
regret, pain, censure, or resentment ; lamentation ; mur- 
muring ; a finding fault. 2. The cause or subject ol 
complaint, or murmuring. 3. Tlie cause of complaint, or 
of pain and uneasiness in the body ; a malady ; a disease ; 
usually applied to disorders not violent. 4. Accusation ; 
a charge against an offender. 5. Representation of inju- 
ries, in a general sense ; and, appropriately, in a writ of 
audita querela. 

COM'PLAI-SANCE, (Jcom'pla-zance) n. [Fr. complaisance. ^ 
1. A pleasing deportment ; courtesy ; that manner of ad- 
dress and behavior in social intercourse which gives pleas- 



* See Synopsis, a, E, I, o, U, "?, long.— FAR, FALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



COM 



169 



COM 



'ire , civility ; obliging condescension ; kind and affable 
reception and treatment of guests ; exterior acts of civility. 
2. Condescension ; obliging compliance with the wishes 
or humors of otliers. 3. Desire of pleasing ; disposition 
to oblige. 

eOM'PLAl-SANT, (kom'pla-zant) a. 1. Pleasing in man- 
ners ; courteous ; obliging ; desirous to please. 2. Civil j 
courteous ; polite. 

COM'PLAI-SANT-LY, (kom'pla-zant-ly) ado. In a pleas- 
ing manner ; with civility ; with an obliging, affable ad- 
dress or deportment. 

€OM'PLAI-SANT-NESS, n. Civility ; complaisance. [Little 
used.] 

eOM'PLA-NATE, ) v. t. [L. complano.] To make level j 

COM-PLaNE', ) to reduce to an even surface. 

eOM-PLEAT'. See Complete. 

COM'PLE-MENT, n. [L. complementum.] 1. Fulness; 
completion ; whence, perfection. 2. Full quantity or 
number ; the quantity or number limited. 3. Tliat which 
is added, not as necessary, but as ornamental ; sometliing 
adventitious to the main thing; ceremony. [See Compli- 
ment.] — 4. In geometry, what remains of the quadrant of 
a circle, or of ninety degrees, after any arch has been 
taken from it.— 5. In astronomy, the distance ot a star 
from the zenitli. — 6. Arithmetical complement of a loga- 
rithm, is what the logarithm wants of 10,000,000.-7. In 
fortification, the complement of the curtain is that part in 
the interior side which makes the demigorge. 

eOM-PLE-MENT'AL, a. Filling ; supplying a deficiency ; 
completing. 

t eOM-PLE-MENT'A-RY, n. One skilled in compliments. 

COM-PLeTE', a. [L. completus.] ] . Having no deticiency ; 
perfect. 2. Finished ; ended ; concluded. — 3. In botany, 
a complete flower is one furnished with a calyx and co- 
rolla ; or having all the parts of a flower. 

€OM-PLeTE', v. t. 1. To finish ; to end ; to perfect. 2. 
To fill ; to accomplish. 3. To fullfil j to accomplish ; to 
perform. 

€Ux\I-PLeT'ED, pp. Finished ; ended ; perfected j fulifili- 
ed ; accomplished. 

€OM-PLeTE'LY, cdv. Fully ; perfectly ; entirely. 

COM-PLeTE'MENT, n. The act of completing ; a finishing. 

€0M-PLeTE'1VESS, 71. The state of being complete; per- 
fection. _ 

€OM-PLeT'ING, ppr. Finishing; perfecting; accomplish- 
ing, 

eOM-PLE'TION, n. 1. Fulfillment ; accomplishment, 2. 
Act of completing ; state of being complete ; utmost ex- 
tent; perfect stfite. 

COM-PLe'TIVE, a. Filling ; making complete. Harris. 

€0M'PLE-T0-RY, a. Fulfilling ; accomplishing. 

€OM'PLE-TO-RY, n. The evening service ; the complin 
of the Romish church. 

€OM'PLEX, or €OM-PLEX'ED, a. [L. complexus.'] I. 
Composed of two or more parts or things ; cornposite ; not 
simple ; including two or more particulars connected. 

2, Involved ; difficult. 

eOM'PLEX, n. Assemblage ; collection ; complication. 
[Little used.'] 

eOM-PLEX'ED-NESS, n. Complication ; involution of parts 
in one integral ; compound state. 

€0M-PLEX'10N, (kom-plex'yun) n. 1, Involution; a com- 
plex state; [little used.] 2, The color of the skin, partic- 
ularly of the face ; the color of the external parts of a body 
or thing. 3. The temperament, habitude, or natural dis- 
position of the body ; the peculiar cast of the constitution, 
which gives it a particular physical character. 

€OM-PLEX'ION-AL, a. Depending on or pertaining to 
complexion. 

eOM-PLEX'ION-AL-LY, ado. By complexion. Brown. 

eOM-PLEX'ION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to the complexion, 
or to the care of it. 

€OM-PLEX'IONED, a. Having a certain temperament or 
state. 

COM-PLEX'I-TY, n. The state of being complex ; com- 
plexness. 

€OM'PLEX-LY, adv. In a complex manner ; not simply. 

eOlM'PLEX-NESS, n. The state of being complex or in- 
volved. 

eOM-PLEX'URE, n. The involution or complication of 
one thing with others. 

€OM-PLi'A-BLE, a. That can bend or yield. 

COM-PLl'ANCE, n. 1. The act of complying; a yielding, 
as to a request, wish, desire, demand or proposal ; conces- 
sion ; submission. 2. A disposition to yield to others. 

3. Obedience ; foUov/ed by with. 4. Performance ; exe- 
cution. 

€OM-PLl'ANT, a. 1. Yielding, bending. 2 Yielding to 
request or desire ; civil ; obliging. 

COM-PLI'ANT-LY, adv. In a yielding manner. 

( !OM'PLI-€A-CY, n. A state of being comolex or intricate. 

COM'PLI-CATE, V. t [L. complico.] 1. Literally, to inter- 
weave ; to fold and twist together. Hence, to make 
complex ; to involve ; to entangle ; to unite or connect 



mutually or intimately, as different things or parts. 2 
To mcike intricate. 

COM'PLI-CATE, a. 1. Complex ; composed of two or more 
parts united.— 2. In botany, folded together, as the valves 
of the glume or chaff in some grasses. 

COM'PLI-CA-TED, 2^2^. Interwoven- entangled ; involved ; 
intricate ; composed of two or more things or parts united 

eOM'PLI-CATE-LY, adv. In a complex manner. 

€OM'PLI-€ATE-NESS, n. The state of being complicated; 
involution ; intricacy ; perplexity. 

€OM'PLI-€A-TING, ppr. Interweaving; infolding ; unit- 
ing. 

€0M-PLI-€a'TI0N, n. 1. The act of interweaving, or in- 
volving two or more things or parts ; the state of being 
interwoven, involved or intimately blended. 2 The 
integral consisting of many things involved or interwoven, 
or mutually united. 

COM'PLlCE, n. [It. complice.] One who is united with 
another in the commission of a crime, or in an ill design 
an associate or confederate in some unlawful act or de- 
sign; an accomplice. The latter is now used. See Ac- 
complice. 

€OM-PLI'ED, (kom-pllde') pret. of comply. 

€OM-PL]'£R, n. One who complies, yields or obeys; a 
person of r^ady compliance ; a man of an easy, yielding 
temper, 

COM'PLI-MENT, n. [Fr, id. ; It. complimento.] 1. An ex- 
pression of civility, respect or regard. 2. A present or 
favor bestowed. 

COM'PLI-MENT, v. t. 1. To praise ; to flatter by expres- 
sions of approbation, esteem or respect. 2. To congratu- 
late ; as, to compliment a prince on tie birth of a son. 
3. To bestow a present ; to manifest i-.Luduess or regard 
for, by a present or other favor. 

COM'PLI-MENT, v. i. To pass compliments ; to use cere- 
mony, or ceremonious language. 

COM-PLI-MENT'AL, a. Expressive of civility or respect , 
implving compliments. 

eOJiI-PLI-MENT'AL-LY, adv. In the nature of a compli- 
ment ; bv wav of civility, or ceremony. 

COM-PLI-MENT'A-RY, a. Complimental ; gratulatory ; 
congratulatory ; flattering. 

COM'PLI-MENT-ER, «. One who compliments ; one given 
to conipliments ; a flatterer. 

COM'PLINE, or COMPLIN, n. [Fr. complie.] The last 
division of the Romish breviary ; the last prayer at night, 
to be recited after sunset. 

COM'PLISH, for accomplish, is not now used. 

t eOM-PLoRE', V. i. [L. comploro.] To lament together. 

* eOM'PLOT, 7). [con, or com, and plot.] A plotting togeth 
er; a joint plot; a plot; a confederacy in some evil de- 
sign ; a conspiracy. 

eOM-PLOT', V. t. To plot together; to cor.spire ; to form ? 
plot ; to join in a secret design, generally criminal, 

COM-PLOT'MENT, n. A plotting together ; conspiracy. 

eOM-PLOT'TED, pp. Plotted together ; contrived. 

COM-PLOT'TER, 71. One joined in a plot ; a conspirator. 

€OM-PLOT'TING, ppr. Plotting together ; conspiring ; con- 
triving an evil design or crime. 

COM-PLY', v. i. ; pret. complied. [It. compiacere.] J. To 
comply inth, to fulfill ; to perfect or carry into effect ; to 
complete; to perform or execute. 2. To yield to; to be 
obsequious ; to accord ; to suit. 

COM-PLY'ING zcit/i, pp-. Fulfilling 3 performing; yielding 
to. 

t COM-PON'DER-ATE, «. «. [l.. compander 0.] To weigh 
together. 

COM-PoNE', ) In heraldry, a bordure compone is that 

COM-Po'NED, \ formed or composed of a row of angular 
parts or checkers of two colors. 

COM-Po'NENT, a. [L. componens.] Literally, setting or 
placing together ; hence, composing; constituting; form 
inga compound. 

COM-PoRT', 7J. I. [It. comportare ;Fr. comporter.] To com- 
port with, literally, to bear to or with ; to carry together. 
Hence, to agree with ; to suit ; to accord. 

COM-PoRT', V. t. I. JVith the reciprocal pronoun, to be- 
have ; to conduct. Burke. [Little used.] 2. To bear ; to 
endure^ [JVot used.] 

* COM'PoRT, 71. Behavior ; conduct ; manner of acting 

[Rarely used.] 

COM-PoRT'A-BLE, a. Suitable ; consistent. 

fCOM-PoRT'ANCE, 71. Behavior; deportment. 

t eOM-PoRT-A'TION, 71. An assemblage. 

tCOM-PoRT'MENT,7i. Behavior; demeanor; Fiannerof 
acting, Addison. 

eOM'POS MEN'TIS, [L, co7i andpos,] Possessed of mind 
in a sound state of mmd. 

COM-PoSE', V. t. [Fr. composer.] 1. To form a compound 
or one entire body or thing, by uniting two or more tliings- 
parts or individuals. 2. To invent and put togethei 
words and sentences ; to make, as a discourse or writing , 
to write, as an author. 3. To constitute, or form, as 
parts of a whole. 4. To calm ; to quiet ; to appease ; to 



* Sec Synopsis, MOVE, BQOK, DOVE ;— BTJLL UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z 5 CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



COM 



tranquLMze ; that is, to set or lay. 5. To settle ; to adjust. 

6. To place in proper form, or in a quiet state. 7. To set- 
tle into a quiet state. 8. To dispose ; to put in a proper 
state for any purpose. — 9. In printing-, to set types or char- 
acters in a composing sticlt, from a copy, arranging tlie 
letters in the proper order. — 10. In music, to form a tune 
oi piece of music with notes, arranging tliem on the stave 
in such a manner as, when sung, to produce Iiarmony. 

COM-PoS'ED, (kom-p5zd') pp. 1. Set together, or in due or- 
der ; formed ; constituted ; calmed ; quieted ; settled ; ad- 
justed. 2. a. Calm ; sedate ; quiet 3 tranquil j free from 
agitation. 

eOM-PoS'ED-LY, adu. Calmly ; seriously ; sedately. 

€OM-PoS'ED-]N£SS, n. A state of being composed ; calm- 
ness ;sedateness ; tranquillity. 

€OM-PoS'ER, ?i, ^ One who composes ; one who writes 
an original worK, as distinguished from a compiler ; an 
author ; also, one wlio forms tunes, whether he adapts 
them to particular words or not. . 2. One who quiets or 
calms ; one who adjusts a difference. 

€OM-PoSiXG, ;,7;r. Placing together ; forming; constitut- 
ing ; writing an original work 3 quieting ; settling 3 adjust- 
ing 3 sj;tting types. 

COM-PoS'IiN'G-STICK, n. Among printers, an instrument 
on which types are set from the cases, adjusted to the 
length of the lines. 

COM-POSiTE, a. In architecture, the Composite order is 
the last of the five orders of columns ; so called because 
its capital is composed out of those of the other orders or 
columns. — Composite numbers are sivch as can be meas- 
ured exactly by a number exceeding unity, as G by 2 
or 3. 

COM-PO-SI-'TION, n. 1. In a general sense, the act of 
composing, or that which is composed ; the act of forming 
a whole or integral, by placing together and uniting differ- 
ent things, parts or ingredients ; or the v/hole body, mass 
or compound, thus formed. — 2. In literature, the act of 
inventing or combining ideas, clothing them with words, 
arranging them in order, and, in general, committing them 
to paper, or otherv/ise writing them. 3. A written or 
printed work 3 a writing, pamphlet or book. — 4. In music, 
the act or art of forming tunes ; or a tune, song, antliem, 
air, or other musical piece. 5. The state of being placed 
together; union ; conjunction 5 combination. 6. The dis- 
])osition or arrangement of figures connected in a picture. 

7. Adjustment; orderly disposition. 8. Mutual agree- 
ment to terms or conditions. 9. Mutual agreement for 
the discharge of a debt, on terms or by means different 
from those required by the origmal contract, or by law, as 
by tiie payment of a different sum, or by making other 
compensation. Hence, the sum so paid, or comi)ensation 
given, in lieu of that stipulated or required. 10. Consist- 
ency ; congruity ; [little used.] 11. The act of uniting 
simple ideas in a comi)lex idea or conception ; opposed to 
a7ialysLs. 12. The joining of two words in a compound, 
as in book-case ; or the act of forming a word with a prefix 
or alhx, which varies its signification ; as return, from 
turn. 1.3. The synthetical method of reasoning ; synthe- 
sis ; a method of reasoning from known or admitted truths 
or principles, as from axioms, postulates or propositions 
previously demonstrated, and from these deducing a clear 
knovvledge of the thing to be proved. — 14, In printing;, 
the act of setting types or characters in the composing- 
stick, to form lines, and of arranging the lines in a galley, 
to make a column or page, and from this to make a form. 
— 15. In chemistry, tlie combination of different sub- 
stances, or substances of different natnres, by affinity. 

eOil-POfS'I-TOR, 71. 1. In printing, one who sets types, and 
makes up the pages and forms. 2. One who sets in order. 

*(:j )M-POS'I-Ti VE, a. Compounded 3 or having the power 
of compounding, 

Go;u-PO,S-SESrr.OR, n. A ibint possessor, 

tC;>.M-POS'SI-BLE, a. Consistent, 

COM'PoST, n. [It. cojnposta.] In ap-iculturc, a mixture 
-or composition of various manuring substances for fertiliz- 
irig land, 

CO.M'PdST, V. t. To manure with compost, 

tCOM-POST'URE, n. Soil ; manure. 

eOM-PoS'URE, (kom-po'zhur) n. 1, The act of composing, 
or that which is composed ; a composition, 2. Com.posi- 
tion ; combination ; arrangement ; order 3 [iitfle iised.] 
?,. The form, adjustment, or disposition of the various 
parts, 4, Frame ; make ; temperament. 5. A settled state 
of the mind 5 sedateness ; calmness; tranquillity. 6. 
Agreement 3 settlementof differences 3 com.position. [Lit- 
tleusedA 

eOM-PO-TA'TION, n. [L. compotatio.] The act of drink- 
ing or tippling together. 

eOM'PO-TA-TOR, n. One who drinks with anotlier. 

eOM-POUND', V. t. [L, compono.] 1. To mix or unite 
two or more ingredients in one mass or body, 2. To unite 
or combine. 3. To compose 3 to constitute ; [not used.] — 
4. In grammar, to unite two or more words ; to form one 
word of two or more. 5. To settle amicably ; to adjust 



170 COM 

by agreement ; as a difference or controversy, 6. To pa?' 
by agreement ; to discharge, as a debt, by paying a part, 
or giving an equivalent different from that stipulated or 
required. — To compound felony, \s for the person robbed 
to take the goods again, or other com.pensation, upon an 
agreement not to prosecute the thief or robber. 

€OM-POUND'j V. ii 1. To agree upon concession 3 to come 
to terms of agreement, by abating something of the first 
demand. 2. To bargain in the lump 3 to agree. 3. To 
come to terms, by granting something on each side ; to 
agree. 4. To settle with a creditor by agi-eement, and 
discharge a debt by paying a part of its amount 3 or to 
make an agreement to pay a debt by means or in a m.an- 
ner different from that stipulated or required by law. — To 
compound with a felon, is to take the goods stolen, or 
other amends, upon an agreement not to prosecute 
him. 

COM'POUND, a. 1. Composed of two or more ingredients- 
— 2. In gram7nar, composed of two or more words. — 3, In 
botany, a compound flower is a species of aggregate flower, 
containing several florets, inclosed in a common perianth, 
on a connnon receptacle, 

COM'POUND, 11. A mass or body formed by the union or 
mixture of two or more ingredients or different substances 3 
the result of composition, 

€OM-POUND'A-BLE, a. Capable of being compounded. 

eOJW-POUND^ED, pp. Made up of different materials 3 mix- 
ed 3 formed by union of two or more substances. 

COM-POUISTD'ER, 71. 1. One who compounds or mixes dif- 
ferent things. 2. One wlio attempts to bring parties to 
terms of agreement 3 [little used.] 

€05I-P0UND'ING, ppr. Uniting different substances in one 
body or mass 3 forming a mixed body 3 agreeing by con- 
cession, or abatement of demands 5 discharging a debt by 
agreement to pay less tlian the original sum, or in a differ- 
ent manner. 

COM-PRE-HSND', v. t. [L, comprehcndo.] 1. To contain j 
to include 3 to comprise, 2, To imply 3 to contain ot 
include by implication or construction, 3. To under- 
stand 3 to conceive 3 that is, to take, hold or contain in 
the mind 3 to possess or to have in idea. 

€OM-PRE-HEND'ED, pp. Contained 3 Included 3 implied : 
understood. 

€0]M-PRE-HEND'ING, ppr. Including 3 comprising 3 under- 
standing : implying. 

€OM-PRE-HEN'SI-BLE, a. [L. comprehensibilis.] 1. That 
may be comprehended, or included 3 possible to be com 
prised. 2. Capable of being understood 3 intelligible : con 
ceivable by the mind. 

COM-PRE-HEN SI-BLE-NESS, n. Capability of being un- 
derstood. 

€OM-PRE-HEN'SI-BLY, adv. With great extent of em- 
brace, or comprehension 3 with large extent of significa- 
tion ; in a manner to comprehend a"large circuit. 

€OM-PRE-IiEN'SION, n. [L. comprehensio.] 1, The act 
or quality of comprehending, or containing ; a comprisifig, 
2. An including or containing within a nairov.' compiss 3 
a summary ; an epitome or compend. 3. Capacity cf the 
mind to understand ; power of the understanding to re- 
ceive and contain ideas ; capacity of knowing. — Jn rheto- 
ric, a trope or figure by which the name of a whole is put 
for a part, or that of a part for a whole, or a definite num- 
ber for an indefinite. 

€0M-PRE-HEN'S1VE, a. 1. Having the quality of compris- 
ing much, or including a great extent ; extensive. 2. Hav- 
ing the power to comprehend or understand many things 
at once. 

€OM-PRE-HEN'SIVE-LY, adv. 1, In a comprehensive 
manner 3 with great extent of embrace, 

€0M-PRE-HEN'S1VE-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being 
comprehensive, or of including much extent, 2, Tlie 
quality of including much in a few words or narrow com- 
pass. 

t€0M-PRE-HEN'S0R, ??. One who has obtained knowl- 
edge. Hall. 

€OAi-PRES-BY-TE'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to the Presbyte- 
rian form of ecclesiastical ministration. 

eOM-PRESS', V. t. [L. compressus.] 1. To press together by 
external force 3 to force, urge or drive into a narrower 
compass 3 to crowd, 2, To embrace camally, 3. To 
crowd ; to bring within narrow limits or space. 

eOMTRESS, 71. In siLrgery, a bolster of soft linen cloth, 
with several folds, used by surgeons to cover a plaster or 
dressing. 

COM-PRESS'ED, (kom-prest ) pp. I. Pressed or squeezed 
togetiier ; forced into a narrow or narrower compass ; em- 
braced carnally. — 2. In botany, flatted 3 having the two 
opposite sides plane or flat. 

€OM-PRESS-I-B[L'I-TY, n. The quality of being compress- 
ible, or yielding to pressure ; the quality of being capa- 
ble of compression into a smaller space or compass. 
€OM-PRESS'I-BLE, a. Capable of being forced or driven 
into a narrower compass ; yielding to pressure ; giving 
way to a force applied. 



* See Synopsis, a, K, T, 6, V, Y, long.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MAElNE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. 



COM 



171 



CON 



eOM-PRESS'I-BLE-NESS, n. Compressibility ; the quality 
of being compressible. 

€GM-PE,ES'SION, n. 1. The act of compressing, or of 
pressing into a narrower compass ; the act of foicing the 
parts of a body into closer union or density, by the appli- 
cation offeree. 2. The state of being compressed. 

€OM-PRESS'IVE, a. Having power to compress. 

eOM-PRESS'URE, n. The act or force of one body pressing 
against another ; pressure. 

t tOMTRlEST, 72. A fellow priest. Milton. 

€0M-PR1NT', v.i. [See Print.] To print together. It is 
taken, in law, for the deceitful printing of another's copy, 
or book, to the prejudice of the proprietor. [Little used.] 

eOSI-PRlS'AL, n. The act of comprising or comprehend- 
ing. Barrow. 

eOM-PRlSE', V. t. XFv. compris.] To comprehend; to con- 
tain ; to include ; as, the substance of a discourse may be 
comprised m a few words. 

€OM-PRiS'ED, (kom-prizdOi>?. Comprehended; contained. 

eOM-PRlS'ING, ppr. Containing ; including ; comprehend- 
ing. 

€0 U'PRO-BATE, 1/'. i. To agree in approving; to concur 
in testimony. Elyot. 

€OM-PRO-Ba'TION, n. [L. comprobatio.] Proof; joint at- 
testation. [Little used.] 

eOM'PRO-MlSE, n. [L. compr amis sum.] 1. A mutual 
promise or contract of two parties in controversy, to refer 
their differences to the decision of arbitrators. 2. An 
aiisicable agreement between parties in controversy, to 
settle their differences by mutual concessions. 3. Mutual 
agreement^ adjustment, 

eo;vl'PRO-MlSE, V. t. 1. To adjust and settle a difference 
by mutual agreement, with concessions of claims by the 
pJirties ; to compound. 2. To agree ; to accord. 3. To 
commit ; to put to hazard ; to pledge by some act or dec- 
laration. 

t €OM'PRO-ML«E, iJ. i. To agree; to accord. Fuller. 

COM'PRO-MlSED, pp. Settled by agreement with mutual 
concessions. 

eOM'PRO-MIS-ER, n. One who compromises. 

(OOI'J'PRO-BIlS-lNG, ppr. Adjusting by agreement. 

COPH-PROM-IS-So'RI-AL, a. Relating to a compromise. 

eOM'PRO-MIT, V. t. [Fr. compr omettre.] To pledge or en- 
gage, by some act or declaration, which may not be a di- 
rect promise, but wliich renders necessary some future 
act. Hence, to put to hazard, by some previous act or 
measure, which cannot be recalled. 

eorvI'PRO-MIT-ED, pp. Pledged by some previous act or 
declaration. 

€0MT!10-M[T-ING, ppr. Pledging; exposing to hazard. 

€OM-PRO-VIN'CIAL, n. One belonging to the same prov- 
ince or archiepiscopal jurisdiction. 

t eOMPT, (comt) n. [Fr. compte.] Account ; computation. 

f €OMPT, V. t. To compute. See Count. 

f- eOMPT, a. [L. cotnptus.] Neat ; spruce. 

f eOMPT'I-BLE, a. Accountable; subject; submissive. 

t eOMPT'LY, ado. Neatly. Sherwood. 

\ eOMPT'NESS, 71. Neatness. Sherioood. 

eOMP'TO±>T-ITE, 71. A newly-discovered mineral. 

GOMP-TRoLL', from Fr. compter, L. computo, to count or 
compute, and rolle, a register. If this word were of gen- 
uine origin, both the verb and its derivative, comptroller, 
as applied to a public officer, would not be sense. But 
tiiere is no such legitimate word in English, nor in any 
other known lansuage. See Control. 

COM-PULS'A-TlVE, or €OM-PULS'A-TO-RY, a. [L. 
comp'dliu^.] Compelling ; forcing ; constraining ; ope- 
rating by force. 

eOil-PULS'A-TiVR-LY, adv. By constraint or compul- 
sion. 

eOM-PUL'SION, 71. [Low L. compulsio.] 1. The act of 
driving or urging by force, physical or moral ; force ap- 
plied ; constraint of the will ; the application of a force 
that is irresistible. 2. The state of being compelled or 
urged by violence. 

COM-PUL'SIVE, a. Having power to compel; driving; 
forcing ; constraining ; applying force. 

eOM-PUL'SIVE-LY, adv. By compulsion ; by force. 

eOM-PUL'SIVE-NESS, n. Force ; compulsion. 

€OM-PULS'0-RI-LY, adv. In a compulsory manner; by 
force or constraint. 

€OM-PULS'0-RY, a. Having the power or quality of com- 
pelling ; applying force ; driving by violence ; constrain- 
ing. 

t €0:VI-PUN€T', a. Pricked; stimulated. 

COM-PUNC'TION, n. [L. compuvctlo.] 1. A pricking ; 
stimulation ; irritation. 2. A pricking of heart ; poignant 
grief or remorse, proceeding from a consciousness of guilt; 
the sting of conscience proceeding from a conviction of 
having violated a moral duty. 

eOM-PUNC'TiOUS, a. Pricking the conscience; giving 
pain for offenses committed. 

eOM-PUNC'TIVE, a. Causing remorse. 

eOM-PCfPIL, n. A fellow pupil. [Little used.] 



€OM-PUR-Ga'TION, n. [L. compurgo.] In law, the act ot 
practice of justifying a man by the oath of others, who 
swear to their belief of his veracity. 

COM-PUR-Ga'TOR, n. One who bears testimony or swears 
to theveracity or innocence of another. 

€OM-Pu'TA-BLE, a. Capable of being computed, number- 
ed or reckoned. 

t eOM'PU-TATE, 7j. t. To account; to reckon. Cocker aw. 

eOM-PU-TA'TION, 71. [L. computatio.] 1. The act of 
computing, numbering, reckoning or estimating ; the pro 
cess by which different sums or particulars are numbered 
estimated or compared. 2. The sum, quantity or amouni 
ascertained by computing or reckoning. 3, Calculation. 

€OM-VvTB',v.t. [li. computo.] 1. To number ; to count ; 
to reckon ; to cast together several sums or particulars, to 
ascertain the amount or aggregate. 2. To cast or estimate 
in the mind; to estimate the amount by know^n or suppos- 
ed data^ 3. To calculate. 

t eOM-PuTE', 71. Computation. Brown. 

€OM-PuT'ED, pp. Counted ; numbered ; reckoned ; esti- 
mated. 

€OM-PuT'ER, n. One who computes, a reckoner ; a calcu- 
lator. _Swift. 

€OM-PuT'lNG, jjjjr. Counting; numbering; reckoning, 
estimating. 

\ COMPU-TIST, n. A computer. Wotton. 

*€OM'RADE, n. [Fr. camarade.] A fellow ; a mate or com- 
panion ; an associate in occupation. 

t COM'RoGUE, n. A fellow rogue. 

CON. A Latin inseparable preposition or prefix to other 
words. In compounds, it is changed into I before I, as 
in colUgo, to collect, and into wi before a labial, as in 
comparo, to com.pare. Before a vowel or h, the 71 is drop- 
ped ; as in coalesco, to coalesce, to <: ^ j.erate; cohibeo, to 
restrain. It denotes union, as in conjoin ; or opposition, 
as in conflict, contend. 

CON. [abbreviated from Latin contra, against.] In the 
phrase pro and con, for and against, con denotes the neg- 
ative side of a question. As a noun, a person who is in 
the negative ; as, the pros and cons. 

eON, V. t. [Sax. ccunan, connan, cunnan.] 1. To know ; 
[ohs.] 2. To make one's self master of; to fix in the 
mind, or commit to memory ; as, to co7i a lesson. Jvlilton. 
— To con thanks, to be pleased or obliged, or to thank : 
[obs.] Shak. 

€0-Na'TUS, 7;. [L.] 1. Effort; attempt. 2. The tenden- 
cy of a body towards any point. Palcy. 

eON-€AM'SR-ATE, t\ t. [L. co7ica??iero.] To arch over; 
to vault ; to lav a concave over. 

€ON-CAM'ER-A-TED, pp. Arched over. 

€ON-€AM-lSR-A'TiON, 71. An arching; an arch or vault. 

€ON-€AT'E-NATE, v. t. [It. concatenare.] To link to- 
gether ; to unite in a successive series or chain, as things 
depending on each other. 

€ON-€AT'E-NA-TED, pp. Linked together ; united in a 

CON-CAT-E-Na'TION, n. A series of links united ; a suc- 
cessive series or order of things connected or depending 
on each other. 

tCON-eAU.«E', 7?. Joint cause. Fotherby. 

CON-GA-VaTION,*?!. The act of making concave. 

CON'CAVE, a. [L. concavus.] 1. Hollow, and arched or 
rounded, as the inner surface of a spherical body. 2. In 
botany, a concave leaf is one whose edge stands above the 
disk. 

CON'CAVE, 71. A hollow; an arch or vault; as, the etlie- 
real concave. 

CON'CAVE, V. t. To make hollow. Seward. 

eON'CAVE-NESS, n. Hollowness. 

eON-€AV'I-TY, n. [It. concavitd.] Hollowness ; the inter- 
nal surface of a hollow spherical body, or a body of other 
figure ; or the space Avithin such body. 

COisf-CA'VO-CON'CAVE, a. Concave or hollow on both 
surfaces. 

CON-Ca'VO-CON'VEX, a. Concave on one side, and con- 
vex on the other. 

CON-Ca'VOUS, a. [L. concaviis.] Concave, which see. 

CON-Ca'VOUS-LY, adv. With hollowness; in a manner 
to discover the internal surface of a hollow sphere. 

CON-CeAL', v. t. [LoAV L. concelo ] 1. To keep close or 
secret ; to forbear to disclose ; to withhold from utterance 
or declaration. 2. To iiide , . o wiluuiu,', from observa- 
tion ; to cover or keep from sight. 

CON-CeAL'A-BLE, a. That may be concealed, hid, or 
kept close. 

CON-CkAL'ED, (kon-seeld') pp. Kept close or secret ; hid ; 
withdrawn from sight ; covered. 

^.0N-Ci5AL'ED-LY, adv. So as not to be detected. 

t CON-CeAL'ED-NESS, 71. Privacy; obscurity. Diet. 

CON-CeAL'ER, 71. One who conceals. 

CON-CeAL'ING, ppr. Keeping close or secret; forbearing 
to disclose ; hiding ; covering. 

CON-CeAL'ING, 71. Abiding; a withholding from disclo- 
sure. 



See Synopsis MOVE BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE,— G as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z 5 CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



CON 



172 



CON 



CON-CeAL'MENT, n. 1. Forbearance of disclosure; a 
keeping close or secret. 2. The act of hiding, covering, 
or withdrawing from sight. 3. The state of being hid or 
concealed ; privacy ; as, a project formed in concealment. 
4. The place of hiding; a secret place; retreat from ob- 
servation ; cover from sight. 

eON-CEDE', V. t. [L. concedo.] 1. To yield ; to admit as 
tnie, just, or proper; to grant; to let pass undisputed. 
2. Toallow ; to admit to be true. 

€ON-CeDE', v. i. To admit ; to grant. Bentley. 

f:ON-CED'ED, pp. Yielded ; admitted ; granted ; as, a 
question, proposition, fact or statement is conceded. 

(JON-CeD'ING, Tppr. Yielding ; admitting ; granting. 

eON-CElT', n. [It. concetto.} 1. Conception ; that which 
is conceived, imagined or formed in the mind ; idea ; 
thought; image. 2. Understanding; power or faculty of 
conceiving ; apprehension ; as, a man of quick conceit ; 
[nearly antiquated.] 3. Opinion; notion; fancy ; imagi- 
nation ; fantastic notion ; as, a strange or odd conceit. 4. 
Pleasant fancy ; gayety of unagination. 5. A striking 
thought ; affected or unnatural conception. 6. Favorable 
or self flattering opinion; a lofty or vain conception of 
one's own person or accomplishments. — Out of conceit 
with, not having a favorable opinion of; no longer pleas- 
ed vi'ilh. 

eON-CElT', i; t. To conceive; to imagine; to think; to 
fancv. _ 

t eON-CElT', V. i. To form a notion ; to conceive. 

eoN-CElT'ED, pp. 1. Conceived ; imagined ; fiincied. 

2. part. a. Endowed with fancy or imagination ; [ohs.] 

3. a. Entertaining a flattering opinion of one's self; hav- 
ing a vain or too high conception of one's own person or 
acconi^plishments ; vain. 

eON-CEiT'ED-LY, adv. In a conceited manner ; fanciful- 
ly ; whimsically. 

eON^-CElT'ED-NESS, n. The state of being conceited ; 
conceit ; vanity ; an overweening fondness of one's own 
person _or endowments. 

t eON-CElT'LESS, a. Of dull conception ; stupid ; dull of 
apprehension. Shak. 

eON-CElV'A-BLE, a. [Fr. concevahle.] 1. That may be 
hnagined or thought; capable of being framed in the 
mind by the fimcy or imagination. 2. That may be un- 
derstood or believed. 

f:OX-CElV'A-BLE-NES3, n. The quality of being conceiv- 
able. _ 

eoX-CElV'A-BLY, adv. In a conceivable or intelligible 
m-\nner. 

€Oi\-CElVE', V. t. [Fr. concevoir.] 1. To receive into the 
womb, and breed ; to begin the formation of the embryo 
or fetus of an animal. 2. To lorra in the mind ; to ima- 
gine ; to devise. 3. To form an idea in the mind ; to un- 
dei-stand ; to comprehend. 4. To think ; to be of opinion ; 
to have an i^dea; to imagine. 

CON-CeIVE', v. i. 1 . To have a fetus formed in the womb ; 
to breed ; to become pregnant. 2. To think ; to have a 
conception or idea. 3. To understand ; to comprehend ; 
to have a complete idea of. 

eOX-CElV'ED, (kon-seevd') pp. Formed in the womb; 
framej in the mind ; devised ; imagined ; understood. 

€ON-CeIV'ER, n. One that conceives ; one that compre- 
hends. 

eOX-CElV'IN3, ■pj)r. Forming a fetus in the womb ; fram- 
ing in the mind ; imagining ; devising ; thinking • com- 
prehending. 

COX-CeIV'I.VG, n. Apprehension ; conception. 

t€OX-CEL'E-BRATE, v. t. To celebrate together. 

CON-CENT', ?!. [L. conce/itMs.] 1. Concert of voices ; con- 
cord of sounds ; harmony. 2. Consistency ; accordance. 

eON-CENT'El), part. a. Made to accord. Spenser. 

€U\-CENT'FUL, a. Harmonious. Fotherhy. 

€OX-CEN'TRATE, v. t. 1. To bring to a common centre, 
or to a closer union ; to cause to approach nearer to a 
point or centre ; to bring nearer to each other. 2. To in- 
crease the specific gravity of bodies. 3. To free from ex- 
traneous matter ; as, to concentrate an acid. 

eO.V-CEN TRA-TED, pp. Brought to a point or centre; 
brought to a closer union ; reduced to a narrow compass ; 
collected into a closer body. 

COX-CEXiTRA-TfNG, ppr. Bringing to a point, or to 
closer union ; collecting into a closer body or narrow 
compass. 

CON-CEN-TRa TfOX, 71. The act of concentrating ; the 
act of bringing nearer together ; collection into a central 
point ; compression into a narrow space ; the state of be- 
ing brought to a point. 

€ON-CEN'TRE, ) v. i. [Fr. concentrer.] To come to a point, 

€ON-CEN'TER, \ or to meet in a common centre ; used 
of convex sTingr lines, or other things that meet in a point. 

eON-CEN'TRE, v. t. To draw or direct to a common cen- 
tre ; to bring to a point, as two or more lines or other 
things. 

eON-CEN'TRED, pp. Brought to a common centre ; unit- 
ed in a point. 



€ON-CEN'TRie, a. [It. concentrico.] Having a cotntfion 

eON-CEN'TRING, ppr. Tending to a common centre . 
bringing to a centre. 

€ON-CENT'U-AL, a. Harmonious ; accordant. 

€ON-CEP'TA-€LE, n. [L. conceptaculum.] 1. That in 
which any thing is contained ; a vessel ; a receiver or re- 
ceptacle. — 2. In botany, a follicle ; a pericarp of one valve^ 
opening longitudinally on one side, and having the seeds 
loose in it. 

I €ON-CEP'TI-BLE, a That may be conceived ; conceiv- 
able ; intelligible. 

€ON-CEP'TION, 71. FL. conceptio.] 1. The act of conceiv- 
ing ; the first formation of the embryo or fetus of an ani- 
mal. 2. The state of being conceived. — 3. InpneuMatol- 
ogy, apprehension of any thing by the mind ; the act of 
conceiving in the mind. 4. Conception may be sometimes 
used for the power of conceiving ideas, as when w^e say, 
a thing is not within our conception. 5. Purpose conceiv- 
ed ; conception wath reference to the performance of an 
act. 6. Apprehension ; knowledge. 7. Conceit ; affected 
sentiment or thought. 

t €ON-CEP'TIOUS, a. Apt to conceive ; fruitful ; pregnant. 
Shak. 

€ON-CEP'TIVE, a. Capable of conceiving. [Little used.] 
Broion. 

CON-CERN', V, t. [Fr. concemcr.] 1. To relate or belong 
to. 2. To relate or belong to in an emphatical manner ; 
to affect the interest of; to be of importance to. 3. To 
interest or affect the passions ; to take an interest in ; to 
engage by feeling or sentiment. 4. To disturb ; to make 
uneasy ; [little 2ised.] 5. To intermeddle. 

eON-CERK', 71. 1. That which relates or belongs to one 
business ; affair. 2. Interest ; importance ; moment ; that 
which affects the welfare or happiness. 3. Affection 
regard ; careiul regard ; solicitude ; anxiety. 4. Persona 
connected in business ; or their affairs in general. 

€ON-CERN'ED, (kon-sernd') pp. or a. I. Interested ; engag- 
ed ; having a connection with that which may affect the 
interest, welfare or happiness. 2. Interested in business ; 
having connection in business, 3. Regarding with care ; 
solicitous ; anxious. 

COX-CERN'ED-IiY, adv. With affection or interest. 

€ON-CERN'ING, pp-. [commonly, but not correctly, class- 
ed among prepositions.] Pertaining to ; regarding ; hav- 
ing relation to. 

t€0N-CERK'JNG,7!. Business. Shak. 

€ON-CERN'MENT, r.. 1. The thing in which one is con- 
cerned or interested ; concern; affair; business; interest. 
2. A particular bearing u]X)n the interest or happiness of 
one ; importance ; moment. 3. Concern ; interposition ; 
meddling. 4. Emotion of mind ; solicitude. 

CON-CERT', V. t. [It. concertare.] To contrive and settle 
by mutual communication of opinions or propositions , to 
settle or adjust. 

CON'CERT, n. 1. Agreement of tAvo or more in a design 
or plan ; imion formed fay mutual communication of opin- 
ions and views ; accordance in a scheme; harmony. 2. 
A number or company of musicians, playing or singing 
the same piece of music at the same time ; or the music 
of a company of players or singers, or of both united. 3, 
A sinsing in company. 4. Accordance ; harmony. 

eON-CER-TA'TION, 71. Strife; contention. [Little used.] 

t€ON-CER'TA-TlVE, a. Contentious ; quarrelsome. Diet, 

eON-CERT'O, n. [It.] A piece of music for a concert. 
Mason, 

€0N-CES'3I0N, 71. [L. co7iccs.9io.] 7 The act of granting 
or yielding. 2. The thing yielded. — 3. In rhetoric or de- 
hate, the yielding, granting, or allowing to the opposite 
party some point or fact that may bear dispute, v»'ith a 
view to obtain something vi^hich cannot be denied, or to 
show that, even admitting the point conceded, the cause 
is not with the adverse party, but can be maintained by 
the advocate on other grounds. 4. Acknowledgment by 
way of apology ; confession of a fault. 

€ON-CES'3ION-A-RY, a. Yielding by indulgence or allow 
ance. 

€ON-CES'SIVE, a. Implying concession. 

CON-CES'SIVE-LY, adv. By way of concession or yield- 
ing; by way of admitting what may be disputable. 
Brown. 

jCON-CET'TO, n. [It.] Affected wit; conceit. [JTotEn^ 
lish.] 

CONCH, 71. [L. concha.] A marine shell. 

€ON-CHIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. concha and fero.] Producing or 
having shells. 

CON-CHIL'I-OUS, a. Of or belonging to shells. 

CONCH'iTE, 71. A fossil or petrified conch or shell, 

CON-CHOID', 71. [conch, and Gr. eiSog.] The name of a 
curve, given to it by its inventor, Nieomedes. 

CON-CHOID'AL, a. In mineralojgnj, resembling a conch or 
marine shell ; having convex elevations, and concave de- 
pressions, like shells. 

C0N-CH0-L06'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to conchology. 



• See Synopsis A,K,1, 0, C, Y, long.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD i~ t Obsolett 



CON 



173 



CON 



t/ON-eHOL'0-6lST, n. One versed in the natural history 
of shells or shell-fish ; one who studies the nature, prop- 
erties and habits of shells and their included animals. 

eON-€HOL'0-GY, n. [Gr. Koyxv and Xoj/oj.] The doctrine 
or science of shells and shell-fish. 

eON-€HOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. Koyxn and fterped).] An In- 
strument for measuring shells. 

€ON-€HY-La'GEOUS, a. Pertaining to shells ; resembling 
a shell. 

eO]\-€HYL-I-OL'0-6lST, J Sometimes used as synonyms 

eON-€HYL-I-OL'0-6Y, \ of the preceding words ; but 
they are words of inconvenient length, and useless. 

€ON*CIA-TOR, n. In glass-works, the person who weighs 
and proportions the salt on ashes and sand, and who 
works and tempers them. 

eON-ClER6E', n. [Fr.] The keeper of a palace ; a house- 
keeper. 

t€ON-ClL'I-A-BLE,n. [L.conciliabulum.] A small assem- 
bly. Bacon. 

eON-CIL'IAE., a. Pertaining or relating to a council. [Lit- 
tle used.] 

eON-CIL'IATE, V. t. [L. concilio.] 1. To lead or draw to, 
by moral influence or power ; to win, gain or engage, as 
the affections, fkvor or good will. 2. To reconcile, or 
bring to a state of friendship, as persons at variance. 

eON-CIL lA-TED, pp. Won; gained 3 engaged by moral 
influence, as by favor or affection ; reconciled. 

eON-CILIA-TING, ppr. 1. Winning; engaging; recon- 
ciling. 2. a. Winning ; having the quality of gaining 
favor. 

eON-CIL-I-A TION, n. The act of winning or gaining, as 
esteem, favor or affection ; reconciliation. 

eON-CIL-I-A'TOR, n. One who conciliates or reconciles. 

eON-CIL lA-TO-RY, a. Tending to conciliate, or recon- 
cile ; tending to make peace between persons at variance ; 
pacific. 

t €OxV-CIN'NATE, v. t. To make fit. CocUram. 

eON-CIN'NI-TY, n. [L. condnnitas .] 1. Fitness ; suita- 
bleness ; neatness ; [little used.] 2. A jingling of words. 

CON-CIN'NOUS, a. [L. concinnus.] Fit ; suitable ; agree- 
able ; becoming ; pleasant. 

t €ON-CIO-Na'TOR, n. A preacher. 

eON'CIO-NA-TO-RY, a. [L. concionatorius.} Used in 
preaching, or discourses to public assemblies. 

eON-ClSE', a, [L. concisMs.] Brief ; short, applied to lan- 
guage or style ; containing few words ; comprehensive ; 
comprehending much in few words, or the principal mat- 
ters only. 

€ON-ClSE'LY, adv. Briefly ; In few words ; comprehen- 
sively. 

eON-ClSE'NESS, 71. Brevity in speaking or writing. 

eON-Clffi'ION, n. [Low L. concisio.] Literally, a cutting 
off. Hence, in Scripture, the Jews, or those who adhered 
to circumcision. 

€ON-CI-Ta'TION, n [L. concitatio.] The act of stirring 
up, exciting or putting in motion. 

t €ON-CrTE',_?;. (. [L. concito.] To excite. 

eON-€LA-MA'TION, n. [L. conclamatio.] An outcry or 
shout of many together. 

€ON'€LAVE, 71. [L. conclave.] 1, A private apartment, 
particularly the room in which the cardinals of the Rom- 
ish church meet in privacy, for the election of a pope. 2. 
The assembly or meeting of the cardinals, shut up for the 
election of a pope. 3. A private meeting ; a close assem- 
bly. 

eON-€LtJDE', V. t. [L. concludo.] 1. To shut. 2. To in- 
clude ; to comprehend. 3. To collect by reasoning ; to 
infer, as from premises ; to close an argument by inferring. 
4. To decide ; to determine ; to make a final judgment or 
determination. 5. To end ; to finish. 6. To stop or re- 
strain, or, as in law, to estop from further argument or 
proceedings ; to oblige or bind. 

eON-GLuDE', V. i. 1. To infer, as a consequence ; to de- 
termine. 2. To settle opinion ; to form a final judgment. 
3. To end. 

eON-€LuD'ED, pp. Shut j ended ; finished ; determined ; 
inferred; comprehended: stopped, or bound. 

eON-€LuD'EN-CY, n. Inference ; logical deduction from 
premises. 

GON-GLuD'ENT, a. Bringing to a close : decisive. 

GON-GLuD'ER, 71. One who concludes. 

eON-GLuD'ING, ppr. 1. Shutting ; ending ; determining ; 
inferring ; comprehending. 2. a. Final ; ending ; clos- 
ing ; as_, the concluding sentence of an essay. 

eON-GLuD'ING-LY, adv. Gonclusively ; with incontro- 
vertible_ evidence. [Little used.] 

eON-GLu'SI-BLE, a. That may be concluded or inferred : 
determijiable. [Little used.] 

eON-GLu'SION, 71. [L. conclusio.] 1. End ; close ; the 
last part. 2. The close of an argument, debate or reason- 
ing ; inference that ends the discussion ; final result. 3. 
Determination ; final decision. 4. Gorisequence ; infer- 
ence ; that which is collected or drawn from premises ; 
particular deduction from propositions, facts, experience, 



or reasoning. 5. The event of experiments ; experiment 
[little used.] 6. Confinement of the thoughts ; silence 
[71 ot used.] 

t GON-GLU'SION-AL, a. Concluding. Hooper. 

GON-GLU'SIVE, a. [It. conclusivo.] 1. Final ; decisive 
2. Decisive; giving a final determination; precluding a 
further act. 3. Decisive ; concluding the question ; put- 
ting an end to debate. 4. Regularly consequential. 

GON-GLtJ'SIVE-LY, adv. Decisively ; with final determi- 
nation. 

GON-GLtJ'SIVE-NESS, n. The quality of being conclusive, 
or decisive ; the power of determining the opinion, or of 
settling a question. 

GON-GO-AG'U-LATE, v t. To curdle or congeal one tiling 
with another. 

GON-GO-AG'U-LA-TED, pp. Curdled ; concreted 

GON-GO-AG'U-LA-TING,2);w. Concreting ; curdling 

GON-GO-AG-U-La'TION, 71. A coagulating together, as 
different substances, or bodies, in one mass. Crystaliza 
tion of different salts in the same menstruum. 

GON-GOGT', V. t. [L. concoquo, concoctum.] I. To digest 
by the stomach, so as to turn food to chyle or nutriment. 
2. To purify or sublime ; to refine by separating the gross 
or extraneous matter. 3. To ripen. 

GON-GOGT'ED, pp Digested ; purified ; ripened. 

GON-GOGT'ING, ppr. Digesting ; purifying ; ripening. 

GON-GOG'TION n. [L. concoctio.] 1. Digestion or solu- 
tion in the stomach ; the process by which food is turned 
into chyle. 2. Maturation ; the process by which morbid 
matter is separated from the blood or humors, or other- 
wise changed and prepared to be thrown off. 3. A ripen- 
ing ; the acceleration of any thing towards perfection. 

GON-GOGT'IVE, a. Digesting ; having the power of digest- 
ins or ripening. 

t GON-G6L'OR, a. Of one color. Broion. 

GON-GOM'I-TANGE, ) n. [L. con and ccmitor.] A being 

CON-GOM'I-TAN-CY, \ together, or in connection with 
anoJier tiling. 

GON-GOM'I-TANT, a. Accompanying ; conjoined with ; 
concurrent ; attending. 

GON-GOM'I-TANT, n. A companion ; a person or thing 
that accompanies another, or is collaterally connected. 

GON-GURl'I-TANT-LY, adv In company with others. 

t GON-GOJVI'I-TATE, v. t. To accompany or attend ; to be 
collaterally connected. Harvey. 

GON'GORD, 71. [Fr. covcorde } L. concordia.] 1. Agree- 
ment between persons ; union in opinions, sentiments, 
views or interests ; peace ; harmony. 2. Agreement be- 
tween things ; suitableness; harmony. — 3. In 7n7i5ic, con- 
cent of sounds ; hannony ; the relation between two or 
more sounds which are agreeable to the ear. [See Chord.] 
4. A compact ; an agreement by stipulation ; treaty. 5. 
— In law, an agreement between the parties in a fine, 
made by leave of tlie court. — 6. In grammar, agreement 
of words in constraction. — Fonn of concord, in ecclesiasti- 
cal history I is a book among the Lutherans containing a 
system of doctrines to.be subscribed as a condition of com 
munion, cnmpooed at Torgaw m 1576 

fGON-GORD', V. i. To agree. Lord Clarendon. 

GON-GORD'A-BLE, a. Agreeing ; harmonious. 

GON-GORB'A-BLY, adv. With agreement. Rogers. 

GON-GGRD'ANGE, n. [Fr. concordance.] I. Agreement. 
— 2. In grammar, concord ; [not used.] 3. A dictionary in 
which the principal words used in the Scriptures are ar- 
ranged alphabetically, and the book, chapter and verse in 
wliich each word occurs are noted. 

GON-GORD'AN-GY, n. Agreem.ent 

GON-GORD'ANT, a. Agreeing ; agreeable ; correspondent ; 
harmonious. 

GON-GORD'ANT, n. That which is accordant. 

GON-GORD'ANT-LY, adv. In conjunction. 

GON-GORD'AT, n. In the canon laio, a compact, covenant 
or agreement concerning some beneficiary matter, as a 
resignation, permutation, promotion and the like. In par- 
ticular, an agreement made by a prince with the pope rel- 
ative to the collation of beneiices. 

GON-GORD'IST, n. The compiler of a concordance. Ch 
Observer. 

fGON-GOR'POR-AL, a. Of the same body. Diet. 

GON-GOR'PO-RATE, v t. [L. concorporo.] To unite differ- 
ent things hi one mass or body ; to incorporate. [Little 
used.] 

GON-GOR'PO-RATE, v. L To unite in one mass or body 

GON-GOR-PO-Ra'TION, 71. Union of things in one mass 
or body. 

GON'GoURSE, n. [Fr. concours.] 1. Amoving, flowing 
or running together ; conf.uence. 2. A meeting ; an as- 
sembly of men; an assemblage of things ; a collection 
formed by a voluntary or spor.^neous moving and meeting 
in one place. 3. The place or point of meeting, or a meet- 
ing ; the point of junction of two bodies. JYewton. 

GON-GRE-aTE', v.t. To create with, or at the same time. 

GON-GRE-aT'ED, j?p. Created at the same time, or in union 
with. 



♦ See Synovsia. MOVE, BOQK , D6VE ;-BULL, UNITB -€ as K ; C as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



CON 



174 



CON 



t €ON-€RED'IT, v. t. To intrust. Barrov;. 

€ON-€RE-Ma'TION, 71. [L. concremo.l The act of burn- 
ing f^ifferent things together. {Little jtsecf.] 

€ON'€RE-MENT, n. [Low L. concrementum.] A growmg 
together ; the mass formed by concretion. Hale. 

€ON-€Ri^S'CENCE, n. [L. concrcsceiitia.] Growth or in- 
crease ; the act of growing or increasing by spontaneous 
union, or the coalescence of separate particles. Raleigh. 

€Oi\-€RES'CI-BLE, a. Capable of concreting ; that may 
csngeal or be changed from a liquid to a solid state. 

€ON'€RETE, a. [L. concretus.] 1. Literally, united in 
growth. Hence, formed by coalition of separate particles 
in one body ; consistent in a mass 3 united in a solid forxn. 
— 2. In logic, applied to a subject ; not abstract. — A concrete 
number expresses or denotes a particular subject, as three 
men. 

eOJVeRETE, n. 1. A compound ; a mass formed by con- 
cretion. — ^2. In philosophy, a mass or compound body, 
made up of different ingredients j a mixed body or mass. 
— 3. In logic, a concrete term ; a term that includes both 
the quality and the subject in which it exists. 

eOX-eRETE', V. i. To unite or coalesce, as separate par- 
ticles, into a mass or solid body, chiefly by spontaneous 
cohesion, or other natural process. 

€ON-€ReTE', v. t. To form a mass by the cohesion or co- 
alescence of separate particles. 

€ON-€ReT'ED, pp. United into a solid mass ; congealed ; 
inspissated ; clotted. 

€ON-€ReTE'LY, adv. In a concrete manner ; in a man- 
ner to include the subject with the predicate ; not ab- 
stractly_. JSTorris. 

eON-€RETE'NESS, n. A state of being concrete ; coagu- 
lation. _ 

CON-€ReT'ING, ppr. Coalescing or congealing in amass ; 
becoming thick ; making solid. 

€ON-€Re'TION, n. 1. The act of concreting ; the process 
by which soft or fluid bodies become thick, consistent, 
solid or hard. 2. Tlie mass or solid matter formed by 
growmg together, by congelation, condensation, coagula- 
tion or induration ; a clot ; a lump. 

€ON-r:lE'TIVE, a. Causing to concrete ; having powprto 
produce concretion; tending to form a solid mass from 
separate j)articles. 

t CON-CRe'TURE, n. A mass formed by concretion. 

t CON-CREW, V. i. To grow together. Spenser. 

€;0N-€u'BI-NA6E, n. [Fr.] The act or practice of cohab- 
iting, as man and woman, in sexual commerce, without 
the authority of law, or a legal marriage. 

t OON-Cu'BI-NA-RY, a. Relating to concubinage 

t €ON-Cu'BI-NATE, n. Whoredom ; lewdness. 

eON'CU-BlNE, n. [Yx.;!^. concuhina.'] 1. A woman who 
cohabits with a man, without the authority of a legal mar- 
riage ; a woman kept for lewd purposes ; a kept mistress. 

2. A wife of inferior condition ; a lawful wife, but not 
united to the man by the usual ceremonies, and of in- 
ferior condition. 

eON-CUL'CATE, v. t. [L. conculco.] To tread on ; to tram- 
ple under foot. Mountagu. 

CON-CUL-Ca'TION, 7?. A trampling under foot. [JVot 
7nuch used.] 

eON-CD'PIS-CENCE, n. [L. concupiscentia.] Lust ; unlaw- 
ful or irregular desire of sexual pleasure; inclination for 
unlawful enjoyments. 

eON-Cu'PIS-CENT, a. Desu-ous of unlawful pleasure ; li- 
bidinous. 

tCON-CU-PIS-CEN'TIAL, a. Relating to concupiscence. 

CON-CtJ'PIS-CI-BLE, a. Excitmg or impelling to the en- 
joyment of carnal pleasure ; inclming to the attainment 
of pleasure or good. 

CON-CUR', V. i. [L. concurro.] 1. To meet in the same 
point ; to agree. 2. To agree ; to join or unite, as in one 
action or opinion ; to meet, mind with mind. 3. To 
unite or be conjoined, with the consequential sense of 
aiding, or contributing power or influence to a common 
object. 

CON-CUR RENCE, tj. 1. A meeting or coming together; 
union ; conjunction. 2. A meeting of minds ; agreement 
in opinion ; union in design ; implying joint approbation. 

3. A meeting or conjunction, whether casual or intend- 
ed ; combination of agents, circumstances or events. 4. 
Agreement; consent; approbation. 5. Agreement or 
consent, implying joint aid or contribution of power or 
influence 6. A meeting as of claims, or power ; joint 
rights ; implying equality in different persons or bod- 
ies 

eON-CUR REN-CY, 71. The same as concurrence ; hut little 
used. 

eON-CUR'RENT, a. 1. Meeting ; uniting ; accompanying ; 
acting in conjunction ; agreeing in the same act ; contrib- 
uting to the same event or effect; operating with. 2. 
Conjoined ; associate ; concomitant. 3. Joint and equal ; 
existing together, and operating on the same objects. 

eON-CUR'RENT, n. That which concurs; joint or con- 
tributory cause. 



eON-CUR'RENT-LY, adv. With concurrence ; united y 

CON-CUR'RING, ppr. Meeting in the same point ; agree- 
ing ; running or acting together ; uniting in action ; con- 
tributing to the same event or effect ; consenting. 

CON-CUS-Sa'TION, n. [See Concussion.] A violent shock 
or agitation. 

eON-CUS'SED, a. Shaken. Cockeram. 

eON-CUS'SION, 77. [L. concussio.l 1. The act of shaking, 
particidarly and properly, by the stroke or impulse of an- 
other body^ 2. The state of being shaken ; a shock ; as 
the concussion of the brain by a stroke. It is used also 
for shaking or agitation in general. 

CON-CUS'SIVE, a. Having the power or quality of shak 
ing. Johnson. 

COND, V. t. [Fr. coiiduire.] In seamen^s language, to con 
duct a ship ; to direct the man at helm how to steer. 

CON-DEMN', (kon-dem') v. t. [L. condemno.] 1. To pro- 
nounce to be utterly wrong ; to utter a sentence of disap- 
probation against ; to censure ; to blame. 2. To deter- 
mine or judge to be wrong, or guilty ; to disallow ; to dis- 
approve. 3. To witness against ; to show or prove to be 
wrong, or guilty, by a contrary practice. 4. To pro- 
nounce to be guilty ; to sentence to punishment ; to utter 
sentence against judicially ; to doom. 5. To doom or 
sentence to pay a fine ; to fine. 6. To judge or pronounce 
to be unfit for use or service. 7. To judge or pronounce 
to be forfeited. 

CON-DEM'NA-BLE, a. That may be condemned ; blam- 
able ; culpable. Brown. 

CON-DEM-Na'TION, 7t. [L. condemnatio.] 1. The act of 
condemning ; the judicial act of declaring one guilty, and 
dooming him to punishment. 2. The state of being con- 
demned. 3. The cause or reason of a sentence of con- 
demnation. John iii. 

CON-DEM'NA-TO-RY, a. Condemning 3 bearing condem- 
nation or censure. 

CON-DEM'NED, (kon-demd') pp. Censured; pronounced 
to be wrong, guilty, urorthless or forfeited 3 adjudged or 
sentenced to punishment. 

CON-DEM'NER, n. One who condemns or censures. 

CON-DEM'NING, ppr. Censuring; disallowing; pronounc- 
ing to be wrong, guilty, worthless or forfeited ; sentenc- 
ing to punishment. 

CON-DENS' A-BLE, a. Capable of being condensed ; that 
may be compressed into a smaller compass, and into a 
more close, compact state. 

CON-DENS'ATE, v. t. To condense ; to compress into a 
closer form ; to cause to take a more compact state ; to 
make more dense. 

CON-DENS'ATE, v. i. To become more dense, close or 
hard. 

CON-DENS'ATE, a. Made dense ; condensed ; made more 
close or compact. 

CON-DEN-Sa'TION, a. [L. condensatio.] The act of mak- 
ing more dense or compact ; or the act of causing the 
parts that compose a body to approach or unite more 
closely, either by mechanical pressure, or by a natural 
process ; the state of being condensed. 

CON-DENS'A-TlVE, a. Havmg a power or tendency to 
condense. 

CON-DENSE', (ken-dens') v. t. [L. condenso.] 1. To make 
more close, thick or compact ; to cause the particles of a 
body to approach, or to unite more closely, either by their 
own attraction or affinity, or by mechanical force. 2. To 
make thick ; to inspissate. 3. To compress into a smaller 
compass, or into a close body ; to crowd. 

CON-DENSE', (kon-dens') v. i. To become close, or more 
compact, as the particles of a body ; to approach or unite 
more closely ; to grow thick. 

CON-DENSE', (kon-dens') a. Close in texture or compo- 
sition ; compact ; firm ; dense ; condensated. See Dense, 
wliich is generally used. 

CON-DENS'ED, (kon-densf) pp. Made dense, or more close 
in parts ; made or become compact ; compressed into a 
narrower compass. 

CON-DENS'ER, 71. He or that v/hich condenses ; particu- 
larly a pneumatic engine or syringe in which air may be 

COlTlDrCSSGll. 

CON-DENS'I-TY, 7i. The state of being condensed ; dense- 
ness : density. [The latter are generally iised.] 

COND'ER, 71. [Fr. conduire.] I. A person who stands upon 
a cliff, or elevated part of the sea-coast, in the time of the 
herring fishery, to point out to the fishermen, by signs, the 
course of the shoals of fish. 2. One who gives directions 
to a helmsman how to steer the ship. 

fCON-DE-SCENCE', 77. Descent from superiority. Puller. 

CON-DE-SCEND', v. i. [It. condescendere.] 1. To descend 
from the privileges of superior rank or dignity ; to submit 
or yield, as to an inferior. 2. To recede from one's riglits 
in negotiation, or common intercom-se, to do some act, 
which strict justice does not require. 3. To stoop or de- 
scend ; to yieM ; to submit ; implying a relinquishment of 
rank, or dignity of character, and sometimes a sinking 
into debasement. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long— FA.'R, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



CON 



175 



CON 



tX3N-DE-SCENiyENCE, n. A voluntary yielding or sub- 
mission to an inferior. 

€ON-DE-SCEND'ING, ppr. 1. Descending from rank or 
distinction in tlie intercourse of life ; receding from riglits 
or claims ; yielding. 2. a. Yielding to inferiors ; courte- 
ous ; obliging. 

eON-DE-SCEND'ING-LY, adv. By way of yielding to in- 
feriors ; with voluntary submission ; by way of kind con- 
cession ; courteously. 

eON-DE-SCEN'SION, n. Voluntary descent from rank, 
dignity or just claims ; relinquishment of strict right ; sub- 
mission to inferiors in granting requests or performing 
acts which strict justice does not require. 

€ON-DE-SCEN'SIVE, a. Condescending; courteous. 

t eON-DE-SCENT', 71. Condescension. Bp. Hall. 

eON-DiGN', (kon-dine') a. [L. condignus.] Deserved ; 
worthy ; merited ; suitable. 

eON-DIG'NI-TY, n. Merit ; desert.— In school divinity, the 
merit of human actions which claims reward, on the score 
of justice. 

eON-DlGN'LY, (kon-dine'ly) adv. According to merit. 

€ON-DlGN'NESS, (kon-dine'nes) n. Agreeable ness to de- 
serts ; suitableness. 

€ON'DI-MENT, n. [L. condimentiim.] Seasoning; sauce; 
lliat which is used to give relish to meat or other food, 
and to gratify the taste. 

€ON-DIS-Cl'PLE, n. [L. condiscipulus.] A school fellow ; 
a learner in the same school, or under the same instructor. 

eON-DlTE', V. t. [L. condio. conditum.'l To prepare and 
preserve with sugar, salt, spices, or the like ; to pickle. 
Taylor. [Little used.] 

eON-DlTE'MENT, n. A composition of conserves, pow- 
ders, and spices, in the form of an electuary. [Little- 
iised.] 

eON-DlT'ING, ppr. Preserving. [Little iised.] 

€ON-DI"TION, n. [L. conditio.) 1. State ; a particular 
mode of being ; applied to external circumstances, to the 
body, to the mind, and to things. 2. Quality ; property ; 
attribute. 3. State of the mind ; temper ; temperament : 
complexion. 4. Moral quality ; virtue or vice. 5. Rank, 
that is, state with respect to the orders or grades of socie- 
ty, or to property. 6. Terms of a contract or covenant ; 
stipulation ; that is, that which is set, fixed, established 
or proposed. 7. A clause in a bond, or other contract con- 
taining terms or a stipulation that it is to be performed, 
and, in case of failure, the penalty of the bond is to be in- 
curred. 8. Terms given, or provided, as the ground of 
something else ; that which is established, or to be done, 
or to happen, as requisite to another act. 

€ON-Di''TION, V. i. To make terms ; to stipulate. 

eON-Di"TION, V. t. To contract ; to stipulate. 

€ON-DI"TION-AL, a. 1. Containing or depending on a con- 
dition or conditions ; made with limitations ; not absolute ; 
made or granted on certain terms.— 2. In grammar and 
logic, expressing a condition or supposition. 

eON-Dl"TION-AL, n. A limitation. Bacon. 

€ON-DI-TION-AL'I-TY, n. The quality of being condi- 
tional, or limited ; limitation by certain terms. 

eON-Di'TION-AL-LY, adv. With certain limitations ; on 
pai-ticular terms or stipulations ; not absolutely or posi- 
tively. 

teON-Dl"TION-A-RY, a. Conditional ; stipulated. 

t €ON-DI"TrON-ATB, a. Conditional ; established on cer- 
tain terms. Hamrnond. 

teON-Di"TION-ATE, v. t. To qualify ; to regulate. 

€ON-Di"TIONED, pp. 1. Stipulated ; containing terms to 
be fierformed. 2. a. Having a certain state or qualities. 
This word is usually preceded by some nualifvin(r term. 

t €ON-DI"TION-LY, adv. On certain terms. '' 

eON-DoLE', V. i. [L. condoleo.] To feel pain, or to grieve, 
at the distress or misfortunes of another. 

eON-DoLE', v. t. To lament or bewail with anotlier, or on 
account of another's misfortune. [Uimsual.] 

eON-DoLE'MENT, ri. Grief; pain of mind at another's 
loss or misfortune ; sorrow ; mourning. 

€ON-Do'LENCE, n. Pain of mind, or grief excited by the 
distress or misfortune of another. 

€ON-DoL'ER, 71. One who condoles. 

€ON-DoL'ING, ppr. Grieving at another's distress. 

€ON-DoL'ING, n. Expression of grief for another's loss. 

€0N DO-MA, n. An animal of the goat kind, as large as a 
stag, and of a gray color. 

eON-DO-NA'TION, n. [L. condono.] The act of pardoning. 
[Little used.] 

CON'DOR, n. The largest species of fowl hitherto discover- 
ed ; a_native of South America. 

eON-DuCE', V. i. [L. conduco.] To lead or tend ; to con- 
tribute.— In the transitive sense, to conduct, it is nat au- 
thorized. 

fCON-DuCE', V. t. To conduct ; to accompany in tlie way. 

eON-DuCE'MENT, n. A leading or tending to ; tendency. 
Gregory. 

€ON-Du'CENT, a. Tending or contributing to. 

€ON-Du'CI-BLE, a. [L. conducibilis.] Leading or tending 



to ; having the power of conducing ; having a tendency 
to promote or forward. 

CON-DC'CI-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of leading or con 
tributing to any end. 

€ON-Du'CI-BLY, adv. In a manner promoting an end. 

€ON-Du'CIVE, a. That may conduce or contribute ; hav- 
ing a tendency to promote. 

€ON-DO'CIVE-NESS, n. The quality of conducing or tend- 
ing to promote. Boyle. 

€ON'DU€T, 71. [Sp. conducta.] 1. Literally, the act of 
leading ; guidance ; command. 2. The act of convoying, 
or guarding ; guidance or bringing along under protection 
Skak. 3. Guard on the way ; convoy ; escort. Shak. — 4. 
In a general sense, personal behavior ; course of actions ; 
deportment ; applicable equally to a good or bad course of 
actions. 5. Exact behavior : regular life. Swift. 6. Man- 
agement ; mode of carrying on. 7. The title" of two cler- 
gymen appointed to read prayei-s at Eton college in Eng- 
land. 

€ON-DU€T', V. t. [Sp. conducir.] 1. To lead ; to bring 
along ; to guide ; to accompany and show the way. 2. To 
lead ; to direct or point out tlie way. 3. To lead ; to usher 
in ; to introduce ; to attend in civility. 4. To give a di- 
rection to ; to manage ; applied to things. 5. To lead, as 
a commander ; to direct ; to govern ; to command . 6 
With the reciprocal pronoun, to conduct one^s self, is to 
behave. Hence, by a customary omission of the pronoun, 
to conduct, in an intransitive sense, is to behave ; to direct 
personal actions. 7. To escort ; to accompany and pro- 
tect on the way. 

CON-DUCT'ED, pp. Led ; guided ; directed ; introduced , 
commanded ; managed. 

€ON-DU€T'ING, ppr. Leading; escorting; introducing, 
commanding ; behaving ; managing. 

€ON-DUe'TION, 71. 1. The act of training up; [obs.] 2. 
Transmission by a conductor. 

€0N-DU€-TI"T10US, a. [L. conductitius.] Hired; em- 
ployed for wages. Jlyliffe. 

€ON-DUeT'OR, n. I. A leader ; a guide ; one who goes be- 
fore or accompanies, and shows the way. 2. A chief; a 
commander ; one who leads an army or a people. 3. A 
director ; a manager. — 4. In surgery, an instrument which 
serves to direct the knife in cutting for the stone, and in 
laying up sinases and fistulas ; also, a machine to secure 
a fractured limb. — 5. In electrical experiments, any body 
that receives and communicates electricity. 6. A metallic 
rod, erected by buildings or in ships, to conduct lightning 
to the earth or water, and protect the building from its ef- 
fects. 

€ON-DU€T'RE£S, n. A female who leads or directs ; a di- 
rectress. 

eON'DUIT, (kon'dit) ?(. [Fr. condtiit.] 1. A canal or pii)e 
for the conveyance of water ; an aqueduct. 2. A vessel 
that conveys the blood or other lluid. 3. A conductor 
4. A pipe '^r cock for drawing ofi" liquor. 5. Any clum- 
nel that conveys water or fluids; a sink, sewer or 
drain. 

€ON-DU'PLI-€ATE, a. [L. conduplicatus.] Doubled or 
folded over or together. 

€ON-Du'PLI-€ATE, v. t. To double ; to fold together. 

€ON-Du'PLI-€A-TED, a. Doubled ; folded together. 

€ON-DU-PLI-€a'TION, n. [L. coriduplicatio.] A doubling ; 
a duplicate. 

CON'DYL, 71. [L. condylus.] A protuberance on the end of 
a bone ; a knot, or joint ; a knuckle. 

CON'DY-LOID, a. [Gr. kovSvXos and eiSos.] The condyloid 
process is the posterior protuberance at the extremities of 
the under jaw. 

€0N'DY-L0ID, n. The apophysis of a bone ; the projecting 
soft end, or process of a bone. 

CONE, 7?. [Fr. cone ; Gr. kwvos.] 1. A solid body or figure 
having a circle for its base, and its top terminated in a 
point or vertex, like a sugar-loaf. — 2. In botany, the 
conical fruit of several evergreen trees, as of the pine, 
fir, cedar and cypress. 

CO'NEPATE, or CO'NEPATL, n. An animal of the weasel 
kind in America. 

Co'NEY. See Cont. 

€ON-PAB'U-LATE, v. i. [L. confabulor.] To talk familiar- 
ly together ; to chat ; to prattle. [Little used.] Cowper. 

CON-FAB-U-La'TION, n. [L. confabulatio.] Familiar 
talk ; easy, unrestrained, unceremonious conversation. 

€ON-FAB'U-LA-TO-RY, a. Belonging to familiar talk- 
[Little used.] 

t eON-FA-MlL'IAR, a. Very familiar. 

€ON-FAR-RE-A'TION, n. [L. confarreatio.] The solemn! 
zation of marriage among the Romans, by a ceremony in 
which the bridegroom and bride tasted a cake made ot 
flour, with salt and water. 

tCON-FAT'ED, a. Fated together. 

t CON-FECT', V. t. To make sweetmeats. See Comfit. 

CON'FECT, 71. [L. confectus.] Something prepared with 
sugar or honey, as fruit, herbs, roots and the like ; a sweet- 
meat. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K j G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; 'f H as in this, f Obsolete 



CON 



176 



CON 



eON-FEG'TION, n. [L. confectio.] 1. Any thing prepared 
with sugar, as fruit ; a sweetmeat ; something preserved. 
2. A ctmpos'lion or mixture. 3. A soft electuary. 

eON-FEe'TlON-E-RY, or €ON-FE€'TIONER, n. One 
whose occupatiuu is to make or to sell sweetmeats, &c. 

€ON-FEt:;'TION-E-RY, n. 1. A place for sweetmeats ; a 
place where sweetmeats and sijnilar things are made or 
sold. 2. Sweetmeats in general J things prepared or sold 
by a confectioner. 

eON-FE€'TOR, n. [L.J An officer in the Roman games, 
whose business wels to kill any beast that was dangerous. 

eON-FE€'TO-RY, a. Pertainmg to the art of making 
sweetmeats, 

€ON-FED'ER-A-CY, n. [Low L. confcedcratio.] 1. A 
league, or covenant ; a contract between two or more 
persons, bodies of men or states, combined in support of 
each other, in some act or enterprise ; mutual engage- 
ment ; federal compact. 2. The persons, states or nations 
united by a league. — 3. In law, a combination of two or 
more persons to commit an unlawful act. 

eON-FED'ER-ATE, a. [Low L. confaderatus.] United in 
a league ; allied by treaty ; engaged in a confederacy. 

f ON-FED'ER-ATE, n. One who is united with others in a 
league ; a person or nation engaged in a confederacy ; an 
ally. Dryden. 

€ON-FED'ER-ATE, v. i. [Fr. confederer.] To unite in a 
league ; to join in a mutual contract or covenant. 

eON-FED'ER-ATE, v. t. To unite in a league ; to ally. 

€ON-FED'ER-A-TED, yp. United in a league. 

eON-FED'ER-A-TING, ppr. Uniting in a leasue. 

eON-FED-ER-A'TION, n. [Fr. confederation.) 1. The act 
of confederating ; a league ; a compact for mutual sup- 
port ; alliance, particularly of princes, nations or states. 
2. The United States of America are sometimes called the 
confederation. 

€ON-FER', V. i. [Fr. conferer.] To discourse ; to converse ; 
to consult together ; implying conversation on some seri- 
ous or important subject, in distinction from mere talk, or 
light, familiar conversation. 

€ON FER', V. t. 1. To give, or bestow ; followed by on. 
2. To compare ; to examine by comparison ; literally, to 
T>r"i!T together ; [o&s.] [See Compare.] 3. To contribute ; 
to conduce to ; that is, to bring to ; fobs.] 

eON'FER-ENCE, n. [Fr. conference.) 1. Tlie act of con- 
versing on a serious subject ; a discoursing between two 
or more, for the purpose of instruction, consultation, or 
deliberation ; formal discourse ; oral discussion. 2. A 
meeting for consultation, discussion or instruction. 3. 
Comparison ; examination of things by comparison j 
[obsJ 

eON-FER'RED, (kon-ferd') pp. Given ; imparted ; be- 
stowed. 

€ON-FER'RER, n. One who confers ; one who converses ; 
one who bestows. 

eON-FER'RING, ppr. Conversing together ; bestowing. 

eON-FER'RING, n. 1. The act of bestowing. 2. Compari- 
son ; examination. 

eON-FER'VA, n. In botany, hairweed. 

€ON-FESS', V. t. [Fr. confesser.] 1. To own, acknowledge 
or avow, as a crime, a fault, a charge, a debt, or some- 
thing that is against one's interest, or reputation.— 2. In 
the Catholic church, to acknowledge sins and faults to a 
priest ; to disclose the state of the conscience to a priest, 
in private, with a view to absolution ; sori)etimes with the 
reciprocal pronoun. 3. To own, avow or acknowledge ; 
publicly to declare a belief in and adherence to. 4. To 
own and acknowledge, as true disciples, friends or cliil- 
dren. 5. To own ; to acknowledge ; to declare to be true, 
or to admit or assent to in words ; opposed to deny. 6. To 
show by the effect ; to prove ; to attest. 7. To hear or re- 
ceive the confession of another. 

eON-FESS', V. i. To make confession ; to disclose faults, or 
the state of the conscience. 

eON-FESS'ANT, n. One who confesses to a priest. 

(■ €ON-FESS'A-RY, n. One who makes a confession. 

eOX-FESS'ED, (kon-fesf) pp. Owned ; acknowledged ; de- 
clared to be true ; admitted in words ; avowed ; admitted 
to disclose t j a priest. 

CON-FESS'LD-LY, adn. 1. By confession or acknowledg- 
ment ; avowedly ; undeniably. 2. With avowed pur- 
pose. 

eON-FESS'ING, ppr. Owning; avowing; declaring to be 
true or real ; granting or admitting by assent ; receiving 
disclosure of sins, or the state of the conscience of another. 

eON-FES'SION, n. 1. The acknowledgment of a crime, 
fault, or something to one's disadvantage ; open declara- 
tion of guilt, failure, debt, accusation, &c. 2. Avciwal ; 
the act of acknowledging ; profession. 3. The act of dis- 
closing sins or faults to a priest ; the disburdening of the 
conscience privately to a confessor ; sometimes called au- 
ricular confession. 4. A formulary in which the articles 
of faith are comprised ; a creed. 5. The acknowledgment 
of a debt by a debtor before a justice of the peace, &c., on 
which judgment is entered and execution issued. 



€ON-FES'SION-AL, n. The seat where a priest or ccmfessor 
sits to hear confessions ; a confession-chair. 

€ON-FES'SION-A-RY, n. [Sp. confesionario.] A confes- 
sion-chair, as above 

€ON-FES'SION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to auricular confession 

eON-FES'SION-IST, n. One who makes a profession of 
faith. Mountagu. 

*€ON-FESS'OR, n. [Fr. confesseur ,• Sp. confesor.] 1. One 
who confesses ; one who acknowledges his sins. 2. One 
who makes a profession of his faith in the Christian reli- 
gion. The word is appropriately used to denote one who 
avows his religion in the face of danger, and adheres to 
it in defiance of persecution and torture. 3. A priest ; 
one who hears the confessions of others, and has power 
to grant them absolution. 

€ON-FEST', pp. Owned ; open ; acknowledged ; apparent ; 
not disputed. 

€ON-FEST'LY, adv. [for confessedly.] Avowedly ; indis- 
putably. [Little used.) 

t €ON-Fl"CIENT, a. [L. conjiciens.] That causes or pro- 
cures. 

*€0]V'FI DANT, ) n. [The latter is the regular English or- 

CON'FI-DENT, ) thography, as sanctioned by Mitford 
and others.] One intrusted with secrets ; a confidential 
or bosom friend. 

CON-FIDE', V. t. [L. confdo.] To trust ; to rely on, with 
a persuasion of faithfulness or veracity in the person trust- 
ed, or of the reality of a fact ; to give credit to ; to believe 
in, with assurance. 

CON-FiDE', V. t. To intrust ; to commit to the charge of, 
with a belief in the fidelity of the person intrusted ; to de- 
liver iiito possession of another. 

€ON-FlD'ED, pp. Intrusted ; committed to the care of, for 
preservation, or for performance or exercise. 

CON'FI-DENCE, ?!. [L. confidentia.) 1. A trusting, or re- 
liance ; an assurance of mind or firm belief in the integri- 
ty, stability or veracity of another, or in the truth and re- 
ality of a fact. 2. Trust ; reliance ; belief in one's own 
competency. 3. That in which trust is placed ; ground 
of trust ; he or that which supports. 4. Safety, or assur- 
ance of safety ; security. 5. Boldness ; courage. 6. Ex- 
cessive boldness ; assurance, proceeding from vanity or a 
false opinion of one's own abilities or excellencies. 

€OX'FI-DENT, a. 1. Having full belief ; trusting ; relying ; 
fully assured. 2. Positive; dogmatical. 3. Trusting; 
without suspicion. 4. Bold to a vice ; having an excess 
of assurance. 

CON'FI-DENT, n. One intrusted with secrets ; a confiden- 
tial or bosom friend . Mitford. 

€ON-FI-DEN'TIAL, a. 1. Enjoying the confidence of an- 
other ; trusty ; that may be safely trusted. 2. That is to 
be treated or kept in confidence ; private. 3. Admitted 
to special confidence. 

€ON-FI-DEN'TIAL-LY, adv. In confidence; in reliance 
or secrecy. 

€ON'FI-DENT-LY, adv. With firm trust ; with strong as- 
surance ; without doubt or wavering of opinion ; posi- 
tively. 

€ON'FI-DENT-NESS, n. Confidence ; the quality or state 
of having full reliance. 

CON-FID'ER, n. One who confides ; one who intrusts to 
another. 

€ON-FIG'U-RATE, v. i. [L. configjiro.) To show like the 
aspects of the planets towards each other. 

€ON-FIG-U-Ra'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. External form, figure, 
shape ; the figure which bounds a body. 2. Aspects of 
tlie planets ; or the face of the horoscope, according to the 
aspects of the planets toward each other at any time. 3. 
Resemblance of one figure to another. 

CON-FIG'URE, V. t. [L. configure.'] To form ; to dispose 
in a certain form, figure or shape. 

CON-FiN'A-BLE, a. That may be confined or limited. 

CON'FINE, V. [L. confinis.] Border ; edge ; exterior part ; 
the part of any territory which is at or near the end or ex- 
tremity. It is used generally in the plural. 

CON'FINE, a. Bordering on ; lying on the border ; adja- 
cent ; having a common boundary. 

CON'FINE, V. i. [Fr. confiner.] To border on ; to touch the 
limit ; to be adjacent or contiguous, as one territory, king- 
dom or state to another. 

CON-FINE', V. t. [Sp. confinar.] 1. To bound or limit ; to 
restrain within limits ; hence, to imprison ; to shut up ; to 
restrain. 2. To immure; to keep close, by a voluntary 
act. 3. To limit or restrain voluntarily, in some act or 
practice. 4. To tie or bind ; to make fast or close. 5. To 
restrain by a moral force. 

CON-FlN'ED, (kon-find') pp. Restrained within limits ; im- 
prisoned ; limited ; secluded ; close. 

CON'FiNE-LESS, a. Boundless ; unlimited ; without end 

CON-FINE'MENT, n. 1. Restraint within limits; impris . 
onment ; any restraint of liberty by force or other obsta- 
cle or necessity. 2. "Voluntary restraint; seclusion 
3. Voluntary restraint in action or practice 4. Restraint 
from going abroad by sickness, particularly by child-birth 



See Synopsis A, E, T, 6, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. 



CQN 



]77 



CON 



€ON-PTN'ER, n. He or that which limits or restrains. 

€ON'FlN-ER, w. 1. A borderer; one who lives on con- 
fines, or near the border of a country. 2. He or that 
which is near the limit ; a near neighbor ; lie or that 
which is adjacent or contiguous. 

€ON-FlN'ING, ppr. Restraining ; limiting ; imprisoning. 

€0N-FIN'1-TY, n. [L. confinitas.] Contiguity ; nearness ; 
neighborhood. Diet. 

€ON-FiRM', V. t. [L. confirmo.] 1, To make firm, or 
more firm; to add strength to; to strengthen. 2. To fix 
more firmly ; to settle or establish. 3. To make firm or 
certain ; to give new assurance of truth or certainty ; to 
put past doubt. 4. To fix; to radicate. 5. To strength- 
en ; to ratify. 6. To make more firm ; to strengthen. 7. 
To admit to the full privileges of a Christian, by the impo- 
sition of hands. 

eON-FiRM'A-BLE, a. That may be confirmed, established 
or ratified ; capable of being made more certain. 

eON-FIRM-A'TlON, n. 1. The act of confirming or estab- 
lishing; a fixing, settling, establishing or making more 
certain or firm ; establishment. 2. The act of ratifying. 
3. The act of giving new strength. 4. The act of giving 
new evidence. 5. That which confirms ; that which 
gives new strength or assurance ; additional evidence ; 
proof; convincing testimony. — 6. In /aw, an assurance of 
title, by the conveyance of an estate or right in es^c, 
from one man to another, by which a voidable estate is 
made sure or unavoidable, or a particular estate is in- 
creased, or a possession made perfect. — 7. In clmrck af- 
fairs, the act of ratifying the election of an archbishop or 
bishop, by the king, or by persons of his appointment. 
8. The act or ceremony of laying on of hands, in the ad- 
mission of baptized persons to the enjoyment of Christian 
privileges. 

€ON-FiRM'A-TlVE, a. Having the power of confirming ; 
tending to establish. 

eON-FIRM-A'TOR, n. He or that which confirms. 

€ON-FiRM'A-TO-RY, a. 1. That serves to confirm; giv- 
ing additional strength, force or stability, or additional as- 
surance or evidence. 2. Pertaining to the rite of confirm- 
ation. 

eON-FiRM'ED, (kon-fermd') pp. 1. Made more firm; 
strengthened ; established. 2. Admitted to the full priv- 
ileges of the church. 

€ON-FiRM'ED-NESS, n. A fixed state. 

€ON-PlRM'ER, n. He or that which confirms, establishes 
or ratifies ; one that produces new evidence ; an at- 
tester. 

€ON-FiRM'ING, ppr. Making firm or more firm ; strength- 
ening; ratifying; giving additional evidence or proof; 
establishing. 

€ON-FiRM'ING-LY, adv. In a manner to strengthen or 
make firm. 

eON-FIS'€A-BLE, a. That may be confiscated; liable to 
forfeiture. Browne. 

* €ON'FIS-€ATE, or €ON-FIS'€ATE, v. t. [L. confisco.] 
To adjudge to be forfeited to the public treasury. 

* €ON'FI&-€ATE, a. Forfeited and adjudged to the public 
treasuiy, as the goods of a criminal. 

* €ON'FIS-eA-TED, pp. Adjudged to the public treasury, 
as forfeited goods or estate. 

* €ON'FIS-€A-TING, ppr. Adjudging to the public use. 
€ON-FIS-€a'TION, n. The act of condemning as forfeited, 

and adjudging to the publlo treasury. 

€ON'FIS-€A-TOR, n. One who confiscates. 

€ON-FIS'eA-TO-RY, a. Consigning to forfeiture. Burke. 

eON'FIT, n. A sweetmeat. See Confect. 

€ON'FI-TENT, n. [L, confitens.] One who confesses his 
sins and faults. [JVot rmich used.] 

€ON'FI-TURE, n. [Fr.] A sweetmeat ; confection ; comfit. 
Bacon. 

CON-FIX', V. t. [L. configo.] To fix down ; to fasten, Shak. 

eON-FIX'ED, (kon-fiksf) pp. Fixed down or to ; fastened. 

eON-FIX'ING, ppr. Fixing to or on ; fastening. 

CON-FIX'URE, n. The act of fastening. 

CON-FLa'GRANT, a. ['L.coiiflagrans.] Burning together; 
involved in a common flame. 

€ON-FLA-GRa'TION, n. [L. conflagratic] 1. A great 
fire, or the burning of any great mass of combustibles, as 
a house, but more especially a city or a forest. 2. The 
burning of the world at the consummation of things. 

€ON-FLa'TION, n. [L, conflatio.] 1. The act of blowing 
two or more instruments together. 2. A melting or cast- 
ing of metal. [Little used.] 

t €0N-FLEX URE, n. A bending. 

eON'FLICT, n. [L. conflictus.] 1. A striking or dashing 
against each other, as of two moving bodies in opposition ; 
violent collision of substances. 2. A fighting ; combat, 
as between men, and applicable to individuals or to ar- 
mies. 3. Contention; strife; contest. 4. A struggling 
with difiiculties ; a striving to oppose, or overcome. 5. A 
struggling of the mind ; distress ; anxiety. 6. The last 
struggle of life ; agony. 7. Opposing operations ; counter- 
vailing action ; collision ; opposition. 



CON-FLICT', V. i. To strike or dash against ; to meet and 
oppose, as bodies driven by violence. 2. To drive or 
strike against, as contending men or armies ; to fight ; to 
contend with violence. 3. To strive or struggle to resist 
and overcome. 4. To be in opposition, or contradictory 

€0N-FLICT'1NG, ppy. 1. Striking or dashing together; 
fighting ; contending ; struggling to resist and overcome. 
2. a. Being m opposition ; contrary ; contradictory. 

CON'FLU-ENCE, n. [L. covfluentia.] 1. A flowing to 
gether ; the meeting or junction of two or more streams 
of water, or other fluid; also, the place of meeting. 2. 
The running together of people ; the act of meetiiig and 
crowding in a place ; a crowd ; a concourse 3 A collec- 
tion ; meeting ; assemblage. 

CON'FLU-ENT, a. [L. covfluens.] 1. Flowing together 
meetmg in their course, as two streams. — 2. In medical 
science, running together, and spreading over a large sur- 
face of the body. — 3. In botany, united at the base ; grow- 
ing in tufts. 

eON'FLUX, 71. [Low L. co?i^7mo.] 1. A flowing togeth- 
er, a meeting of two or more currents of a fluid. 2. A 
collection ; a crowd ; a multitude collected. 

eON-FLUX-1-BIL'I-TY, n. The tendency of fluids to run 
together. [Little used.] Boyle. 

CON-FORM', a. [L. conformis.] Made to resemble ; assum- 
ing the same form ; like ; resembling. [L. u.] Bacon. 

CON-FORM', V. t. [L. conformo.] 1. To make like, in ex- 
ternal appearance ; to reduce to a like shape, or form, 
with somethmg else ; with to. 2. More generally, to re- 
duce to a likeness or coirespondence in manners, opinions 
or moral qualities. 3. To make agreeable to; to square 
witJi a rule or directory. 

CON-FORM', V. i. To comply with, or yield to ; to live or 
act according to. 2. To comply with ; to obey. 

CON-FORM' A-BLE, a. I. Coirespondent ; having the 
same or similar external form or shape ; like ; resem- 
bling. 2. Having the same or similar manners, opinions, 
or moral qualities. 3. Agreeable ; suitable ; consistent. 
4. Compliant ; ready to follow directions ; submissive * 
obsequious ; peaceable ; disposed to obey. 

CON-FORM' A- ELY, adv. With or in conformity ; suitably; 
agreeably. 

CON-FORM-a'TION, n. The manner in which a body i3 
formed ; the particular texture or structure of a body, or 
disposition of the parts which compose it ; fonn ; struc- 
ture. 2. The act of conforming; the act of producing 
suitableness, or conformity. — 3 In medical science, the 
particular make or construction of the body peculiar to an 
individual. 

CON-FORM'ED, (kon-formd') pp. Made to resemble ; re- 
duced to a likeness of; made agreeable to ; suited. 

CON-FORM'ER, n. One who conforms ; one who complies 
with established forms or doctrines. 

CON-FORM'ING, ppr. Reducing to a likeness; adapting; 
complying with. 

CON-FORM'IST, n. One who conforms or complies ; appro- 
priately, one who complies with the worship of the 
church of England, or of the established church, as distin- 
guished from a Dissenter, or JVonconformist. 

€ON-FORM'I-TY, n. 1. Likeness ; correspondence with a 
model in form or manner ; resemblance ; agreement ; con- 
gruity with something else. 2. Consistency ; agreement. 
— 3. In theology, correspondence in manners and princi- 
ples ; compliance with customs. 

I CON-FOR-Ta'TION, n. The act of comforting or giving 
strength. Bacon. 

CON-FOUND', V. t. [Fr. confondre.] 1. To mingle and 
blend diflerent things, so that their forms or natures can- 
not be distinguished ; to mix in a mass or crowd, so that 
individuals cannot be distinguished. 2. To throw into 
disorder. 3. To mix or blend, so as to occasion a mistake 
of one thing for another. 4. To perplex; to disturb the 
apprehension by indistinctness of ideas or words. 5. 
To abash ; to throw the mind into disorder ; to cast 
down; to make ashamed. 6. To perplex with terror; 
to terrify ; to dismay ; to astonish ; to throw uito conster- 
nation ; to stupify with amazement. 7. To destroy ; to 
overthrow. 

CON-FOUND'ED, pp. 1. Mixed or blended in disorder; 
perplexed ; abashed ; dismayed ; put to shame and si- 
lence; astonished. 2. a. Enormous; [vulgar.] 

€ON-FOUND'ED-LY, adv. Enormously; greatly; shame- 
fully, [ji low word.] 

€ON-FOUND'ED-NESS, n. The state of being confounded. 
Milton. 

€ON-FOUND'ER, n. One who confounds; one who dis- 
turbs the mind, perplexes, refutes, frustrates and puts to 
shame or silence ; one who terrifies. 

€ON-FOUNI>ING, ppr. Mixing and blending ; putting into 
disorder ; perplexing ; disturbing the mind ; abashing ana 
putting to shame and silence ; astonishing. 

€ON-FRA-TER'NI-TY, n. [It. confraternitd.] A brother 
hood ; a society or body of men, united for some purpose 
or in some profession. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE. BQOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete, 



CON 



178 



CON 



€ON-FRI-€a'TION, n. [It. confrieazione.] A rubbing 
against; friction. Bacon. 

€ON-FRI'ER, re. [Fr. confrere.] One of the same religious 
order. JVcever. 

*€0N-FR6NT', w. t. [It. confrontare.] 1. To stand face 
to face in full view ; to face ; to stand in front. 9. To 
stand m dn-ect opposition ; to oppose. 3. To set face to 
face ; to bring into the presence of; as an accused person 
and a witness, in court, for examinition and discovery of 
the truth ; followed by with. 4 7 o set togetlier for com- 
parison , to compare one thing with another. 

€ON-FRON-Ta'TION, n. The act of bringing two persons 
into the presence of eacli other for examination and dis- 
covery of truth. 

* €0N-FR6NT'ED, pp. Set face to face, or in opposition ; 
brought into the presence of. 

* eON-FR6NT'ING, i)pr. Setting or standing face to face, or 

in opposition, or in presence of. 

* eON-FRoNT'MENT, n. Comparison. Oley. 
eON-FuSE', V. t. [L. confiis7is.] 1. To mix or blend things, 

so that they cannot be distinguished. 2. To disorder. 
3. To perplex ; to render indistinct. 4. To throw the 
mmd into'disorder; to ca?t down or abasli; to cause to 
blush ; to agitate by surprise, or shame ; to disconcert. 

CON-FuSE', a. Mixed ; confounded. Barret. 

€ON-FuS'ED, (kon-fuzd') pp. 1. Mixed ; blended, so that 
the things or persons mixed cannot be distinguished. 2. 
Perplexed by disorder or want of system. 3. Abashed ; 
put to the blush or to shame ; agitated ; disconcerted. 

€ON-F0S'ED-LY, adv. In a mixed niass ; without order or 
separation ; indistmctly ; not clearly ; tumultuously ; with 
agitation of mind ; without regularity or system. 

€ON-FuS'ED-NESS, n. A state of being confused ; want 
of order, distinction or clearness. 

eON-FuSE'LY, adv. Obscurely. Barret. 

eON-Fu'SION, (kon-fu'zhuu) n. 1. A mixture of several 
things promiscuously; hence, disorder; irregularity. 2, 
Tumult ; want of order in society. 3. A blending or con- 
founding ; indistinct combination ; opposed to distinctness 
or perspicuity. 4. Abashment; shame. 5. Astonish- 
ment ; agitation ; perturbation ; distraction of mind. 6. 
Overthrow ; defeat ; ruin. 7. A shameful blending of 
natures : a sliocking crime. 

€ON-FCTA-BLE, a. That may be confuted, disproved or 
overthrown • that may be shown to be false, defective or 
invalid 

eON-Fu'TANT, TO One who confutes or undertakes to con- 
fute. Milton 

CON-FU-TaTION, n. The act of confuting, disproving or 
proving to be false, or invalid ; refutation ; overthrow. 

€0N-FuTE', v. t. [1j. confiito.] 1. To disprove ; to prove 
to be false, defective or invalid ; to overthrow. 9. To prove 
to be wrong ; to convict of error, by argument or proof. 

C(^N-FuT ED, pp. Disproved ; proved to he false, defective 
or unsound : overthi-own by argument, fact or proof. 

€ON-FuTER n One who disproves or confutes. 

€ON-PtjT'ING, p2«'. Disproving; proving to be false, de- 
fective or iiivalid ; overthrowing by argument or proof. 

t eON-FuTE'MENT, n. Disproof. Milton. 

*€ON'(jE, (kon'jee) 7i. [Fi. conge.] 1. Leave; farewell; 
parting ceremony. 2. The act of respect performed at 
the parting of friends. Hence, the customary act of civil- 
ity on_other occasions ; a bow or courtesy. 

€0N-GE .v.i. To take leave with the customary civilities ; 
to bow or courtesy. 

€ON-GE-D'-E-LiRE', (kon-je-de-leer') In ecclesiastical af- 
fairs, the king's license or permission to a dean and chap- 
ter, to choose a bishop ; or to an abbey or priory of his own 
foundation to choose their abbot or prior- 

CON'6E, n. In architecture, a mold in form of a quarter 
round, or a cavetto, which serves to separate two members 
from one another. Also, a ring or ferrule, formes-ly used 
on the^ extremities of columns. 

€ON-GeAL', v. t. [L. congdu.] 1. To change from a flu- 
id to a solid state, as by cold, or a loss of heat, a,s water in 
freezing, liquid metal or wax in cooling, blood in stagnat- 
ing or cooling, &,c. ; to harden into ice, or into a substance 
of less soliditv. 2. Tc bind or fix with cold. 

eON^GK A.L,i;. i. To grow hard, stiff or thick; to pass 
from a fluirt to a solid state ; to concrete into a solid mass. 

€OiV-CTF.AL'A-BLE, a. Tlint may be coygealed ; capable 
of behig converted from a fluid to a solid state. 

CON-OikAL ED, (kon-jee!d')7},». (Converted into ice, or a solid 
mass,_by the loss d neat, or other process ; concreted. 

OSJN-GeAL'ING vxtr Cnanging from a liquid to a solid 
stale :_c5hcreting. 

€0!V-(!jkAL'MENT 11. A clot or concretion ; that which is 
lormea bv conge.ation Also, congelation. 

eON-GE-l/A'TfON. n. [h.congelatio.] The process of pass- 
ing, or tna act f converting, from a fluid to a s;olid state ; 
or the slat of beinc congealed ; concretion. 

teON-GEM l-r>rA'Tl6N, n. A doubling or often repeating. 

eON-OEfNER, n. [L. cnnsrcner. j A thing of the same kind 
or nature. 



€0N-6e'NER, or €ON-GEN'ER-OUS, a Of the same 
kind or nature ; allied in origin or cause. 

OON-GEJM'Eit-A-CY, n. Similarity of origin. 

€ON-GE-NER'I€. a. Being of the same kind or nature. 

eON-OEN'ER-OUS-NESS, n. The (,uality of being from 
the same original, or of belonging to the same class. 

€ON-Ge'NI-AL, a. [L. con and genus.] I. Partaking of 
the same genus, kind or nature ; kindred ; cognate. 2. 
Belonging to the nature ; natural ; agreeable to the na- 
ture. 3. Natural ; agreeable to the nature ; adapted. 

€0N-GE-NI-AL'I-TY, ) n. Participation of the same ge- 

€ON-(jE'NI-AL-NESS, \ nus, nature or original ; cogna- 
tion ; natural affinity ; suitableness. 

t€0N-6E'NI-0US, a. Of the same kind 

€ON-6EN'ITE, or €0N-6ENa-TAL, a [L. con(renitus ] 
Of tJie same birth ; born with another ; connate ; uegotten 
together. 

eON'GER, (kong'gur) n. [L. conger, or congrus.] The sea- 
eel ; a large species of eel. 

€ON-GE'Rl-ES, 71. [L.] A collection of several particles or 
bodies in one mass or aggregate. 

OON-GEST', V. t. [L. congero, congestum.] To collect or 
gather into a mass or aggregate. 

eON-OSST'I-BLE, a. That may be collected into a mass. 

eON-GES'TION, n. [L. congestio.] A collection of humors 
in an animal body, hardened into a tumor. An accumu- 
lation of blood in a part. 

€0A''(5l-A-RY, 7J. [L. congiarmm.] Properly, a present 
made by the Roman emperors to the people, originally in 
corn or wine, measured out to them in a congius. 

€ON-GLa'CIATE, v. i. [L. conglacio.] To turn to ice ; to 
freeze. 

€ON-GLA-CI-A'TION, 7i. The act of changing into ice, or 
the state of being converted to ice; a freezing; congela- 
tion. 

CON-GLo'BATE, a. [h. conglobatus.] Formed or gathered 
into a ball. 

€ON-GLo'BATE, v.t. To collect or form into a ball or 
bard, round substance. 

€ON-GLo'BA-TED, jjp. Collected or formed into a ball. 

€ON-GLo'BATE-LY, adv. In a round or roundish form. 

CON-GLO-Ba'TION, 71. The act of forming into a ball ; a 
round body. 

€ON-GLoBE', v. t. [L. congloho.] To gather into a ball ; 
to collect into a round mass. 

eON-GLoBE', V. i. To collect, unite or coalesce in a round 
mass. 

eON-GLoB'ED, (kon-globd') pp. Collected into a ball. 

€ON-GLoB'ING, ppr. Gathering into a round mass or ball. 

€ON-GLOB'U-LATE, v. i. To gather into a little round 
mass or globule. 

€ON-GLOM'ER-ATE, a. [L, conglomero.] 1. Gathered 
into a ball or round body. 2. lii botany, conglomerate 
flowers grow on a branching peduncle or foot stalk, on 
short pedicles, closely compacted together without order. 
3. Conglomerate rocks. See Pudding-stone. 

€ON-GLOM'ER-ATE, v. t. To gather into a ball or round 
body ; to collect into a round mass. 

€ON-GLOM'ER-ATE, n. In mmeraZoq-?/, a sort of pudding- 
stone, or coarse sand-stone, composed of pebbles of quartz, 
flint, siliceous slate, &c. 

eON-GEOM'ER-A-TED, pp. Gathered into a ball or round 
mass. 

CON-GLOM'ER-A-TING, ppr. Collecting into a ball, 

eON-GLOM-ER-A'TION, n. The act of gathering into a 
ball ; the state of being thus collected ; collection : accu- 
mulation. 

€ON-GLu'TI-NANT, a. Gluing ; uniting ; healing. 

eON-GLtJ'TI-NANT, n. A medicine that heals wounds. 

€ON-GLu'Tl-NATE, v. t. [L, conglutina.] 1. To glue to- 
gether ; to unite by some glutinous or tenacious substance 
2. To heal ; to unite the separated parts of a wound liy 
a tenacious substance. 

€ON-GLu'Tl-NATE, v. i. To coalesce ; to unite by the in- 
tervention of a callus. 

€ON-GLu'TI-NA-TED, pp. Glued together ; united by a 
tenacious substance. 

€ON-GLu'TI-NA-TING, ppr. Gluing Together j uniting or 
closing by a tenacious substance. 

€ON-GLU-TI-Na'TiON, n. The act of gluing together ; a 
joining by means of some tenacious substance ; a healing 
by uniting the parts of a wound ; tinion. 

eON-GLu'TI-NA-TiVE, a. Having the power of uniting 
by giuc^ or other substance of like nature. 

eON-GLu'TI-NA-TOR, n. That v^hich has the power ot 
uniting wounds. 

CON'GO, (kong'go) n. A species of tea from China. 

CON-GRAT'U-LAJMT, a. Rejoicing in participation. 

eON-GRAT'fJ-LATE, v. t. [L, congratulor.] To profess 
one's pleasure or joy to another on account of an event 
deemed happy or fortunate, as on the birth of a child, suc- 
cess in an enterprise, victory, escape from danger, &;c. * 
to wish joy to another. 

CON-GRAT'U-LATE, v. i. To rejoice in participation. Swift 



* See Synopsis, a E., I, O, U, Y, long.—FAB., FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. 



CON 



179 



CON 



€ON-GRAT'U-LA-TED, pp. Complimented with expres- 
sions of joy at a happy event. 

€ON-GRAT'U-LA-TlJNG, ppr. Professing one's joy or 
satisfaction on account of some happy event, prosperity or 
success. 

€ON-GRAT-U-La'TION, n. The act of professing one's 
joy or good wishes at the success or happiness of anotiier, 
or on account of an event deemed fortunate to both par- 
ties, or to the community. 

€OiM-GRAT'U-LA-TOR, n. One who oifers congratula- 
tion. 

€ON-GRAT'U-LA-TO-RY, a. Expressing joy for the good 
fortune of another, or for an event fortunate for both par- 
ties, or for the community. 

t€ON-GREE', «. i. To agree,. Shak. 

t €'ON-GREET', v. t. To salute mutually. Shale. 

€ON'GRE-GATE, v. t. [L. congrego.] To collect separate 
persons or things into an assemblage ; to assemble 3 to 
bring into one place, or iiito a crowd or united body. 

€ON'GRE-GATE, v. i. To come together ; to assemble ; to 
meet. Denham. 

€ON'GRE-GATE, a. Collected 5 compact ; close. [Little 
used.] Bacon. 

COATGRE-GA-TED, pp. Collected ; assembled in one place. 

€ON'GRE-GA-TING, ppr. Collecting ; assembling ; coming 
together, 

COW-GRE-Ga'TION, n. 1. The act of bringing together, 
or assembling. 2. A collection or assemblage of separate 
things. 3. More generally, an assembly of persons ; 
and, appropriately, an assembly of persons met for the 
worship of God. 4. An assembly of rulers. JVamb.xxxv. 
5. An assembly of ecclesiastics or cardinals appointed by 
the pope. Also, a company or society of religious can- 
toned out of an order. 6. An academical assembly for 
transacting business of the university. 

€ON-GRE-Ga'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to a congregation ; 
appropriately used of such Christians as hold to church 
government by consent and election, maintaining that 
each congregation is independent of others, and has the 
right to choose its own pastor, and govern itself. 

€ON-GRE-GA'TION-AL-iSM, n. Ecclesiastical govern- 
ment in the hands of each church, as an independent 
body. 

CON-GRE-Ga'TION-AL-IST, n. One who belongs to a 
congregational church or society 

CON'GRESS, 71. [L,. congressus.] 1. A meeting of individ- 
uals ; an assembly of envoys, commissioners, deputies, 
&c., particularly a meeting of the representatives of sever- 
al courts, to concert measures for their common good, or 
to adjust tJieir mutual concerns. 2. The assembly of 
delegates of the several British colonies in America, 
which united to resist the claims of Great Britain in 1774. 
3. The assembly of the delegates of the several United 
States, after the declaration of independence, in 1776, and 
until the adoption of the present constitution. 4. The 
assembly of senators and representatives of the several 
states of North America, according to the present consti- 
tution, or political compact, by which they are united in 
a federal republic. 5. A meeting of two or more persons 
in a contest ; an encounter ; a conflict. 6. I'he meeting 
of the sexes in sexual commerce, 

t CON-GRES'SION, n. A company. 

eON-GRES'SlON-AL, a. Pertaining to a congress, or to 
the congress of the United States. Barlow. 

eON-GRES'SIVE, a. 1. Meeting, as the sexes. 2. Encoun- 
tering. . , 

f CON-GRtJE', V. i. To agree. Shak. 

eON'GRU-ENCE, ) n. [L. congruentia.] Suitableness of 

€ON-GRu'EN-CY, \ one thing to another ; agreement ; 
consistency. 

eON'GRU-ENT, a. Suitable ; agreeing ; correspondent. 
Davies. 

€ON-GRu'I-TY, n. 1. Suitableness; the relation of agree- 
ment between things. 2. Fitness ; pertinence. 3. Rea- 
son ; consistency ; propriety. 4. In school divinity, the 
good actions which are supposed to render it meet and 
equitable that God should confer grace on those who per- 
form them. — 5. In geometry, figures or lines, which, wlien 
laid over one another, exactly correspond, are in congruity. 

t CON'GRU-MENT, n. Fitness ; adaptation. 

eON'GRU-OUS, a. [L. congmus.] 1. Suitable ; consistent ; 
agreeable to. 2. Rational ; fit. 

€ON'GRU-OUS-LY, adv. Suitably; pertinently; agreea- 
bly ; consistently, Boyle. 

eON'IC, ) a. [L. conicus.] 1. Having the form of a 

eON'I-CAL, \ cone ; round, and decreasing to a point. 
2. Pertaining to a cone. — Conic section, a curve line form- 
ed by the intersection of a cone and plane. The conic 
sections are the parabola, hyperbola, and ellipsis. 

eON'I-CAL-LY, adv. In the form of a cone. 

€ON'I-€AJ^NESS, n. The state or quality of being conical. 

eON'ICS, n. That part of geometry which treats of the cone 
and the curves which arise from its sections. 

€0-NIF'ER-OUS, a, [L. conifer, coniferus.] Bearing cones ; 



producing hard, dry, scaly seed-vessels of a conical figure 
as the pine, fir, cypress and beech. 

eo'NI-FORM, a. In form of a cone ; conical. 

€ON'I-SOR. SeeCoGNisoK. 

Co'NITE, n. [Gr. Kovis.] A mineral, of an ash or greenish- 
gray color. 

t €ON-JE€T', V. t. To throw together, or to throw. 

t€ON-JE€T', v.i. To guess. Shak. 

€ON-JE€T'OR, ?i. [L.] One who guesses or conjectures 
Sicifl. 

€ON-JE€T'U-RA-BLE, a. That may be guessed or con- 
jectured. 

€ON-JE€T'U-RAL, a Depending on conjecture ; done or 
said by guess. 

t€ON-JE€T-U RAL'I-TY, 31. That which depends upon 
guess. Brown. 

€ON-JE€T'U-RAL-LY, adv. Without proof, or evidence , 
by conjecture ; by guess. 

CON-JECT'URE, n. [L. conjectura.] 1. Literally, a cast- 
ing or throwing together of possible or probable events, 
or a casting of the mind to something future, or something 
past, but unknown ; a guess ; preponderance of opinion 
without proof ; surmise. 2. Idea; notion. 

CON-JECT'URE, v. i. To guess ; to judge by guess, or by 
the probability or the possibility of a fact, or by very slight 
evidence ; to form an opinion at random. 

€ON-JECT'URED, pp. Guessed ; surmised. 

CON-JECT'UR-ER, n. One who guesses ; a guesser ; one 
who forms or utters an opinion without proof. 

CON-JECT'UR-ING, ppr. Guessing ; surmising. 

CON-JOB'BLE, V. t. To settle ; to concert. A cant tcord. 

CON-JOIN', V. t. [Fr. conjoindre.] 1. To join together, 
without any thing intermediate; to unite two or more 
persons or things in close connection. 2. To associate, or 
connect. 

CON-JOIN', V. i. To unite ; to join ; to league. Shak. 

€ON-JOIN'ED, (kon-joind') pp. Joined to or with ; united 
associated. 

CON-JOIN'ING, ppr. Joinmg together ; uniting ; connect 
ing. 

CON-JOINT', a. United ; connected ; associate. — Conjoint 
degrees, in miisic, two notes which follow each other im- 
mediately in the order of the scale. — Conjoint tctrachords, 
two tetrachords or fourths, where the same chord is the 
highest of one and the lowest of the other. 

CON-JOINT'LY, adv. Jointly ; unitedly ; in union ; to- 
gether. 

CON'JU-GAL, a. [L. conjugalis.] 1. Belonging to mar- 
riage ; matrimonial ; connubial. 2. Suitable to the mar- 
ried state ; becoming a husband in relation to his consort, 
or a consort in relation to her husband. 

CON'JU-GAL-LY, ado. Matrimonially; connubially. 

CON'JU-GATE, V. t. [L. conjugo.] 1. To join ; to unite in 
marriage; [not now used.] — 2. In g-ramwar, to distribute 
the parts or inflections of a verb into the several voices, 
modes, tenses, numbers and persons. 

CON'JU-GATE, n. A word agreeing in derivation with 
another word, and therefore generally resembling it in 
signification. 

CON'JU-GATE, a. In botany, a conjugate leaf is a pinnate 
leaf which has only one pair of leaflets. — Conjugate diam- 
eter or axis, in geometry, a right line bisecting the trans 
verse diameter ; the shortest of the two diameters of an 
ellipsis. 

CON-JU-Ga'TION, n. [L. conjugatic] 1. A couple or 
pair ; [little used.] Brown. 2. The act of uniting or com 
piling ; union ; assemblage. Bentley. — 3. In granimar, 
the distribution of the several inflections or variations of 
a verb, in their different voices, modes, tenses, numbers 
and persons ; a connected scheme of all the derivative 
forms of a verb. 

CON-JUNCT', a. [L. conjunctus.] Conjoined ; united , 
concurrent. Shak. 

CON-JUNCTION, n. [1^. conjunctio.] 1. Union; connec 
tion ; association by treaty or otherwise. Bacon.— '2. In as- 
tronomy, the meeting of two or more stars or planets in 
the same degree of the zodiac. — A. In grammar, a con- 
nective or connecting word. 4. The copulation of the 
sexes. 

CON-JUNC'TIVE, a. 1. Closely united. Shak. 2. Uniting ; 
serving to unite. — 3. In grammar, the conjunctive mode is 
that which follows a conjunction, or expresses some con- 
dition, or contingency. It is more generally called siib 
junctive. 

CON-JUNC'TIVE-LY, adv. In conjunction, or union ; to- 
gether. 

CON-JUNC'TIVE-NESS, n. The quality of conjoining ot 

uniting. 
CON-JUNCT'LY, adv. In union ; jointly ; together. 
eON-JUNCT'URE, n. [Fr. conjoncture.] 1. A joining; a 
combination or union, as of causes, events or circum- 
stances. 2. An occasion ; a critical time, proceeding from 
a union of circumstances, 3. Union ; connection ; mode 
of union. 4. Connection; union; consistency. 



* See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f ObsoleU . 



CON 



180 



CON 



€6N-JU-Ra'TI0N, n. The act of using certain words or 
ceremonies to obtain the aid of a superior being ; the act 
of summoning in a sacred name ; the practice of arts to ex- 
pel evil spirits, allay storms, or perform supernatural or 
extraordinary acts. 
€ON-JuRE', V. t. [L, conjuro.] 1. To call on or summon 
by a sacred name, or in a solemn manner ; to implore 
with solemnity. 2. To bmd two or more by an oath ; to 
unite in a common design. Hence, intransitiveLy, to con- 
spire ; [not iisual.l 
€oN'JURE, V. t. To expel, to drive or to affect in some 
manner, by magic arts, as by invoking the Supreme Being, 
or by the use of certain words, characters or ceremonies, 
to engage supernatural influence. 
€6N' JURE, V. L 1 . To practice the arts of a conjurer ; to 
use arts to engage the aid of spirits in performing some 
extraordinary act.— 2. In a vulgar s&nse, to behave very 
strangely ; to act like a witch ; to play tricks. 
€ON-JtFR'ED, (kon-jurd') pp. Bound by an oath. 
€ON-JuRE'MENT, a. Serious injunction ; solemn demand. 

Jlilton. . , 

eON'JUR-ER, n. One who practices conjuration ; one who 
pretends to the secret art of performing things supernatural 
or extraordinary, by the aid of superior powers. IronicaU 
ly, a man of shrewd conjecture ; a man of sagacity. 
eON-JuRTNG, ppr. Enjoining or imploring solemnly. 
eON-NAS'CENCE, 71. [L. con and nascor.'] 1. Tlie com- 
mon buth of two or more at the same time ; production of 
two or m.ore together. 2. A being born or produced with 
another. 3. The act of growing together, or at the same 
time. 
€ON'NATE, a. [L. con and natus.'] 1. Born with another; 
being of the same birth.— 2. In hota^iy, united in origin; 
growing from one base ; united into one body. 
eON-NAT'U-RAL, a. 1. Connected by nature ; united in 
nature ; born with another. 2. Participating of the same 
nature. 
€ON-NAT-U-RAL'I-TY, n. Participation of the same na- 
ture ; natural union. 
eON-NAT'U-RAL-iZE, v.t. To connect by nature; to 

make natural. Scott. 
eON-NAT'U-RAL-LY, adv. By the act of nature ; orig- 
inally. Hale. 
eON-NAT'U-RAL-NESS, n. Participation of the same na- 
ture ; natural union. Pearson. 
eON-NEeT', V. t. [L. connecto.] 1. To knit or link to- 
gether ; to tie or fasten together. 2. To join or unite ; to 
conjoin, in almost any manner, either by junction, by 
any intervening means, or by order and relation. 
€ON-NE€T', V. i. To join, unite or cohere ; to have a close 

relation. 
eON-NEf.'TION, n. [L. connexio.] The act of joining, or 
state of being joined ; a state of being knit or fastened to- 
gether; union by junction, by an intervening substance 
or medium, by dependence or relation, or by order in a 
series ; a loord of ocry general import. 
€ON-NE€T'IVE, a. Having the power of connecting. 
€ON-NE€T'IVE, n. In grammar., a word that connects 

other words and sentences ; a conjunction. Harris. 
€OiV-NE€T'lVE-LY, adv. In union or conjunction ; joint- 
ly. Swift. 
t€ON-NEX', V. t. [L, connextim.'] To link together; to 

join. Hall. 
€ON-NEX'ION, n. Connection. [But for the sake of regu- 
lar analogy, I have inserted connection, as the derivative 
of the Enclish connect, and would discard connexion.] 
€ON-NEX'fVE, a. Connective ; having tiie power to con- 
nect; uniting; conjunctive. [Little used.] 
\€ON-NW-TAiTlON,n. [L.. connicto.] A winking. Diet. 
eON-NIV'ANCE, n. Properly, the act of winking. Hence, 
figuratively, voluntary blindness to an act ; intentional 
forbearance to see a fault or other act, generally implying 
consent to it. 
€ON-NrVE', V. i. [L. conniveo.} 1. To wink ; to close and 
open the eyelids rapidly. 9. In v, figurative sense, to close 
the eyes upon a fault or other act ; to pretend ignorance 
or blindness ; to forbear to see ; to overlook a fault. 
€ON-NI V'EN-CY, n. Connivance, which see. 
eON-NIV'ENT, a. 1. Shutting the eyes ; forbearing to see. 
— 9.. In anatomy, the connivent valves are those wrinkles, 
cellules and vascules, which are found on the inside of 
the two intestines, ilium and jejunum. — 3. In botany, 
closely united ; converging together. Eaton. 
CON-IS*iV'ER, n. One who connives. 

€ON-NrV'ING, ppr. Closing the eyes against faults ; per- 
mitting faults to pass uncensured. 
* €ON-NOIS-SEuR', (kon-nis-sure', or ko-nis-saur') it. 
[Fr.] A person well versed in any subject ; a skilful or 
knowing person ; a critical judge or master of any art, 
particularly of painting and sculpture. 
€0N-NOIS-SEtJR'SHIP, n. The skill of a connoisseur. 
eON'NO-TATE, v. t. [con and note ; L. noto.] To desig- 
nate with something else ; to imply. [Little used.] Ham- 
mond. 



€0N-N0-Ta'TI0N, n. The act of designating with some- 
thing; implication of something beside itself; inference 
[Little used.] 
€ON-NoTE', v. t. [L. con and nota.] To make known 
together ; to imply ; to denote or designate ; to include 
[Little v^ed.] 
eON-NtJ'BI-AL, a. [L. connubialis.] Pertaining to mar- 
riage ; nuptial ; belonging to the state of husband and 
wife. 
€ON-NU-MER-a'TION, n. A reckoning together. 
CON'NU-SANCE, n. [Fr. con7ioissance.] Knowledge. See 

Cognizance. 
€ON'NU-SANT, a. Knowing; informed; apprized 

JSroicne. 
CON'NY, a. [W. cono.] Brave ; fine. [Local.] Grose. 
eo'NOID, ?i. [Gr. K(j)vo£i5r]S.] 1. In ^eomciry, a solid form- 
ed by the revolution of a conic section about its axis. — 2. In 
anatomy, a gland in the third ventricle of the brain. 
€0-NOID'I€, I a. Pertaining to a conoid ; having the 
€0-NOID'I-€AL, \ form of a conoid. 
€ON-aUAS'SATE, v. t [L. conquasso.] To shake. [Little 

used.] Harvey. 
t €ON-aUAS-SA'TION, n. Agitation; concussion. , 
€ON'Q,UER, (kon'ker) v. t. [Fr. conquerir.] 1. To subdue ; 
to reduce, by physical force, till resistance is no longer 
made ; to overcome ; to vanquish. 2. To gain by force ; 
to win ; to take possession by violent means ; to gain do- 
minion or sovereignty over. 3. To subdue opposition or 
resistance of the will by moral force ; to overcome by ar- 
gument, persuasion or other influence. 4. To overcome, 
as diihculties ; to surmount, as obstacles ; to subdue what- 
ever opposes. 5. To gain or obtain by effort. 
€ON'Q,UER, v. i. To overcome ; to gain the victory. 
€ON'aUER-A-BLE, a. That may be conquered, overcome 

oi^subdued. 
€ON'aUER-A-BLE-NESS, n. Possibility of being overcome. 
€ON'(iUEPiED, pp. Overcome ; subdued ; vanquished ; 

gained ; won. 
€OiN'aUER-ESS, n. A female who conquers 3 a victorious 

female. 
€ON'Q,UER-ING, ppr. Overcoming ; subduing ; vanquish- 
ing ; obtaining. 
€ON'Q.UER-OR, n. One who conquers ; one who gains a 
victory ; one who subdues and brings into subjection or 
possession, by force or by influence. 
CON'O-UEST, n. [Fr. conquete.] 1. The act of conquering; 
the act of overcoming or vanquishing opposition by force, 
physical or mora. . 2. Victory ; success in arms ; Uie 
overcoming of opposition. 3. That which is conquered ; 
possession gained by force, physical or moral. 4. In a 
feudal sense, acquest ; acquisition ; the acquiring of prop- 
erty by other means than by inheritance. Blackstone.—5. 
In the law of nations, the acquisition of sovereignty by 
force of arms. 6. The act of gaining or regaining by effort. 
€ON-SAN-GUIN'E-OUS, a. [L. co7isanguineus.] Of the 
same blood ; related by birth ; descended from the same 
parent or ancestor. 
€ON-SAN-GUIN'I-TY, n. [L. consang7iinitas.] The rela- 
tion of persons by blood ; the relation or connection of 
persons descended from the same stock or common an- 
CGStor 
€ON-SAE-CIN-A'TION, n. The act of patching together. 

Diet. 
eON'SCIENCE, (kon'shens) n. [Fr., from L. conscientia.] 
1. Internal or self-knowledge, or judgment of right and 
wrong ; or the faculty, power or principle within us, 
which decides on the lawfulness or unlawfulness of our 
own actions and affections, and instantly approves or 
condemns them. — It is called by some writers the moral 
sense. 2. The estimate or determination of conscience ; 
justice ; honesty. 3. Real sentiment ; private thoughts ; 
truth. 4. Consciousness ; knowledge of our ovt^n actions 
or thoughts. This primary sense of the word is nearly, 
perhaps wholly, obsolete. 5. Knowledge of the actions of 
others. 6. In ludicrous language, reason or reasonable- 
ness. — To make conscience, or a matter of conscience, is 
to act according to the dictates of conscience. — Court of 
conscience, a court established for the recovery of small 
debts in London, and other trading cities and districts. 
CON'SCIENCED, a. Having conscience. 
tCON'SCIENT, a. Conscious. Bacon. 
€ON-SCI-EN'TIOUS, (kon-she-en'shus) a. 1. Influenced 
by conscience ; governed by a strict regard to the dic- 
tates of conscience, or by the known or supposed rules of 
right and wrong. 2. Regulated by conscience ; accord- 
ing to th^ dictates of conscience. 
€ON-SCI-EN'TIOUS-LY, adv. According to the direction 

of conscience ; v/ith a strict regard to right and wrong. 
€ON-SCI-EN'TIOUS-NESS, n. A scrupulous regard to the 
decisions of conscience ; a sense of justice, and strict con 
formity to its dictates. 
€ON'SCION-A-BLE, a. According to conscience ; reasona 

ble ; just. 
€ON'SCION-A-BLE-NESS, n. Reasonableness ; equity. 



* See Synopsis. A E, I, O, U, Y, lo7ig.—FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, EiRD ; 



t Obsolete. 



CON 



181 



CON 



€0N'SCI01V-A-BLY, adv. In a manner agreeable to con- 
science ; reasonably ; justly. 

eON'SCIOUS, a. [L. conscius.] 1. Possessing the facul- 
ty or power of knowing one's own thoughts, or mental 
operations. 2. Knowing from memory, or without extra- 
neous information. 3. Knowing by conscience, or inter- 
nal perception or persuasion. 

€ON'SCIOUS-LY, adv. With knowledge of one 'sown men- 
tal operations or actions. 

€0N'SC10US-NESS, n. 1. The knowledge of sensations 
and mental operations, or of what passes in one's own 
mind ; the act of the mind which makes known an inter- 
nal object. 2. Internal sense or knowledge of guilt or in- 
nocence. 3. Certain knowledge from observation or ex- 
perience. 

eON'SeRIPT, a. [L. conscriptus.] Written ; enrolled ; as, 
conscHpt fathers, the senators of Rome, so called because 
tlieir names were written in the register of the senate. 

€ON'SeEIPT, n. An enrolled soldier ; a word used in 
France. 

eON-S€IlIP'TION, m. [h. conscriptio.] 1. An enrolling or 
registering. 2 Soldiers or forces levied by enrolling. 

eON'SE-CRATE, v. t. [L. consRcro.] 1 To make or 
declare to be sacred, by certain ceremonies or rites ; to 
appropriate to sacred uses ; to set apart, dedicate, or de- 
vote, to the service and worship of God. 2. To canonize ; 
to exalt to the rank of a saint ; to enroll among the gods. 
3. To set apart and bless the elements in the eucharist. 4. 
To render venerable j to make respected. 

eON'SE-€RATB, a. Sacred ; consecrated ; devoted ; dedi- 
cated. 

€ON'SE-€RA-TED, pp. Made sacred by ceremonies or sol- 
emn rites J separated from a common to a sacred use ; de- 
voted or dedicated to the service and worship of God j 
made venerable. 

€ON'SE-€RA-TING, ppr. Making sacred ; appropriating to 
a sacred use j dedicating to the service of God ; devoting ; 
rendering venerable. 

€ON-SE-CRa'TION, n. I. The act or ceremony of separat- 
ing from a common to a sacred use, or of devoting and 
dedicating a person or thing to the service and worship 
of God, by certain rites or solemnities. 2. Canonization ; 
the act of translating into heaven, and enrolling or num- 
bering among the saints or gods ; the ceremony of the 
apotheosis of an emperor. 3. The benediction of the ele- 
ments in the eucharist ; the act of setting apart and bless- 
ing the elements in the communion. 

eON'SE-€RA-TOR, n. One who consecrates ; one who per- 
forms the rites by which a person or thing is devoted or 
dedicated to sacred purposes. 

eON'SE-CRA-TO-RY, a. Making sacred. Bp. Morton. 

eON'SE€-TA-RY, a. [L. consectarius.] Follov/ing ; conse- 
quent ; consequential ; deducible. 

eON'SE€-TA-RY, n. That which follows ; consequence ; 
deduction from premises ; corollary. 

€ON-SE-€u'TION, n. [1.. consecutio.] 1. A following or 
sequel ; train of consequences from premises ; series of 
deductions. 2. Succession ; series of things that follow 
each other. — 3. In astronomy, consecution month is the 
space between one conjunction of the moon with the sun 
and another. 

eON-SE€'U-TiVE, a. [It. consecutivo.] 1. Following in 
a train ; succeeding one another in a regular order ; suc- 
cessive ; uninterrupted in course or succession. 2. Fol- 
lowing ; consequential ; succeeding. 3. Consecutive chords^ 
in music, imply a succession or repetition of the same con- 
sonance in similar motion. 

€ON-SE€'U-TiVE-LY, adv. By way of consequence or 
succession. 

t €ON-SEM'I-NATE, v. t. [L. consemino.] To sow differ- 
ent seeds together-. Diet. 

€ON-SE-NES'CENCE, )n, [L. conscnesco.] A growing 

eON-SE-NES'CEN-CY, \ old ; decay from age. Ray. 

eOiy-SEN'SION, n. [L. consensio.] Agreement ; accord. 
[Little used.] 

CON-SENT', n. [L. consensus.] I. Agreement of the mind 
to what is proposed or stated by another ; accord ; hence, 
a yielding of the mind or will to that which is proposed. 
2. Accord of minds ; agreement ; unity of opinion. 3. 
Agreement ; coherence ; correspondence in parts, quali- 
ties or operation. 4. In the animal economy, an agree- 
ment, or sympathy, by which one affected part of the sys- 
tem affects some distant part. 
CON-SENT', V. i. [L. consentio.] 1. Literally, to think with 
another. Hence, to agree or accord. More generally, to 
agree in mind and will ; to yield to what one has the 
power, the right, or the disposition, to withhold or refuse 
to grant. 2. To agree. 3. To assent. 
CON-SEN-Ta'NE-OUS, a. [L. consentaneus.] Agreeable ; 

accordant ; consistent with ; suitable. 
CON-SEN-Ta'NE-OUS-LY, adv. Agreeably ; consistent- 
ly ; suitably. 
CON-SEN-Ta'NE-OUS-NESS, n. Agreement ; accordance ; 
consistency. JDict. 



CON-SENT'ER, n. One who consents. 
CON-SEN'TIENT, a. [L. conscntiens.] Agreeing in mind j 

accordant in opinion. 
OON'SE-aUENCE, m. [L. consequentia.] 1. That which 
follows from any act, cause, principle or series of actions 
Hence, an event or effect produced by some preceding 
act or cause. — 2. In logic, a proposition collected from the 
agreement of other previous propositions ; the conclusion 
which results from reason or argument ; inference ; de- 
duction. 3. Connection of cause and effect 5 consecution. 
4. Influence ; tendency, as to effects. 5. Importance ; 
extensive influence ; distinction — In consequence, by 
means of; as the effect of. 
eON'SE-aUENT, a. [L. consequens.] 1. Following, as 
the natural eftect. 2. Following by necessary inference 
or rational deduction 
CON'SE-aUENT, n. 1. Effect ; that which follows a cause. 
2. That which follows from propositions by rational deduc- 
tion ; that which is deduced from reasoning or argument 
ation ; a conclusion or inference. 
CON-SE-QUEN'TIAL, a. 1. Following as the effect ; pro- ,, 
duced by the connection of effects with causes. 2. Hav- %, 

ing the consequence justly connected with the premises ; 
conclusive. 3. Important. 4. Conceited ; pompous 3 ap- 
plied to persons. 
CON-SE-aUEN'TIAL-LY, adv. 1. With just deduction of 
consequences; with right connection of ideas, 2. By 
consequence ; not immediately ; eventually. 3. In a reg- 
ular series ; in the order of cause and effect. 4. With as- 
sumed importance ; with conceit. 
CON-SE-aUEN'TlAL-NESS, n. Regular consecution in 

discourse. 
CON'SE-aUENT-LY, adv. By consequence ; by necessa- 
ry connection of effects with their causes ; in consequence 
of something. 
CON'SE-aUENT-NESS, n. Regular connection of proposi^ 
tions, following each other; consecution of discourse, 
[Little used.] 
CON-SER'TION, n, [L. consero.] Junction; adaptation. 

Young. 
CON-SERV'A-BLE, a. That may be kept or preserved from 

decay or injury. 
CON-SERV'AN-CY, n. [L. conscrvans.] A court of con- 
servancy is held by the lord mayor of London, for the 
preservation of the fisiiery on the Thames. 
CON-SERVANT, a. Preserving ; having the power or 

qualitv of preserving from decay or destruction. 
€ON-SER-Va'TION, 71. [h. conservatio.] The act of pre- 
serving, guarding or protecting ; preservation from loss, 
decay, injiiry, or violation ; the keeping of a thing in a 
safe or entire state. 
CON-SERV'A-TlVE, a. Preservative; having povi^er to 
preserve in a safe or entire state, or from loss, waste, or 
injury. 
CON-SER-Va''TOR, n. 1, A preserver ; one who preserves 
from injury or violation, .appropriately, an officer who 
has the charge of preserving the public peace, as judges 
and sheriffs ; also, an officer who has the charge of pre- 
serving the rights and privileges of a city, corporation, or 
community. 2. In Connecticut, a person appointed to su- 
perintend idiots, lunatics, &c., manage their property, 
and preserve it from waste. 
€ON-SERV'A-TO-RY, a. Having the quality of preserv- 
ing from loss, decay or injury. 
CON-SERV'A-TO-RY, n. 1. A place for preserving any 
thing in a state desired, as from loss, decay, waste, or in- 
jury. 2. A large green-house for exotics, in which the 
plants are planted in beds and borders, and not in tubs, or 
pots, as in the common green-house. 
CON-SERVE', (kon-serv') v. t. [L. conservo.] To keep 
in a safe or sound state ; to save ; to preserve from loss, 
decay, waste or injury ; to defend from violation. 
CON'SERVE, n. 1. A sweetmeat made of the inspissated 
juice of fruit, boiled with sugar. — 2. In pharmacy, a form 
of medicine contrived to preserve the flowers, herbs, roots 
or fruits of simples, as nearly as possible, in their natural 
fresh state. 3. A conservatory ; [not usual.] 
CON-SERVED, (kon-servd') pp. Preserved m a safe and 
sound state ; guarded ; kept ; maintained ; protected ; 
prepared with sugar. 
CON-SERVER, n. One who conserves ; one who keeps 
from loss or injury ; one who lays up for preservation ; a 
preparer of conserves. 
CON-SERVING, ^pr. Keeping in safety; defending; main- 
taining ; preparmg with sugar. 
CON-SES'SION, n. [L. consessio.] A sitting together 

[Little used.] 
CON-SES'SOR, 71. One that sits with others. [Little used.] 
CON-SID'ER, v. t. [L. considerc] 1. To fix the mind on, 
with a view to a careful examination ; to think on with 
care ; to ponder ; to study ; to meditate on. 2. To view 
attentively ; to observe and examine. 3. To attend to ; 
to relieve. 4. To have regard to ; to respect. 5. To take 
into view in examination, or into account in estimates. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BjJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete , 



CON 



182 



CON 



\ 



6. In the imperative, consider is equivalent to think with 
care, attend, examine the subject with a view to truth or 
the consequences of a measure. 7. To requite ; to re- 
ward ; particularly for gratuitous services. 

eON-SID'ER, V. i. 1. To think seriously, maturely or care- 
fully ; to reflect. 2. To deliberate ; to turn in the mind ; 
as in the case of a single person ; to deliberate or consult, 
as numbers. 3. To doubt ; to hesitate. 

€ON-SID'ER-A-BLE, a , [Fr. , Sp.] ] . That may be consider- 
) ed ; that is to be observed, remarked or attended to. [ This 
primarij itse of the word is very rarely used.] 2. Worthy 
of consideration ; worthy of regard or attention. 3. Respect- 
able ; deserving of notice ; of some distinction. 4. Import- 
ant; valuable; or moderately large, according to the subject. 

eO^'^-SID'ER-A-BLE-NESS, 7i. Some degree of importance, 
moment or dignity ; a degree of value or importance that 
deserves notice. 

€ON-SfD ER-A-BLY, adv. In a degree desei-vmg notice ; 
in a degree not trifling, or unimportant. 

t€ON-SID'ER-AjS^CE, n. Consideration; reflection; sober 
thought. 

eOA'-SlD'ER-ATE, a. [L. consideratus.] 1. Given to con- 
sideration, or to sober reflection ; thoughtful ; hence, seri- 
ous ; circumspect ; careful ; discreet ; prudent ; not hasty 
or rash ; not negligent. 2. Having respect to ; regardful ; 
> [little used.] 3. Moderate ; not rigorous. 

e-JN-SID'ER-ATE-LY, adv. With deliberation ; with due 
consideration ; calmly ; prudently. 

leO.V-SlDER-ATE-NESS, 7i. Prudence; calm deliberation. 

eON-SID-ER-A'TION, n. [L. consideratio.] 1. The act of 
considering; mental view; regard; notice. 2. Mature 
thought ; serious deliberation. 3. Contemplation ; medi- 
tation. 4. Some degree of importance ; claim to notice, 
or regard ; a moderate degree of respectability. 5. That 
wJiich is considered ; motiveof action ; influence; ground 
of conduct. 6. Reason ; that which induces to a deter- 
mination. — 7. In law, the reason which moves a con- 
tracting party to enter into an agreement ; the material 
cause of a contract ; the price or motive of a stipulation. 

eON-SID'ER-A-TlVE, a. Taking into consideration. [L. u.] 

t €ON-SID'ER-A-TOR, n. He who is giVen to considera- 
tion. Brown. 

€ON-SID'ERED, pp. Thought of with care ; pondered ; 
viewed attentively ; deliberated on ; examined. 

€ON-SID'ER-ER, n. A thinker ; one who considers ; a 
man of reflection. 

€0-\-SID'ER-IiVG, ppr. Fixing the m nd on ; meditating 
on ; pondering ; viewing with car ; ind attention ; delib- 
erating on. — [JVote. We have a pecuiiar use of this word, 
which may be a coiTuption for considered, or which may 
be a deviation from analogy by an insensible change in 
the structure of the phrase. " It is not possible for us to 
act otherwise, considering the weakness of our nature."] 

€ON-SID'ER-ING, ?;. The act of deliberating, or carefully 
attending to ; hesitation. 

€OX-SID'ER-ING-LY, adv. With consideration or delibera- 
tion. _ 

eON-SiGN', (kon-sine') v. t. [L. consigno.] 1. To give, 
send or set over ; to transfer or deliver into the possession 
of another, or into a different state, with the sense of 
fixedness in that state, or pennanence of possession. 

2. To deliver or transfer, as a charge or trust ; to commit. 

3. To set over or commit, for permanent preservation. 

4. To appropriate. 

t €ON-SiGA^', (kon-sine') v. i. To submit to the same terms 
with another; also, to sign ; to agree or consent. 

t CON-SIG'NA-TA-RY, n. One to whom is consigned any 
trust or business. 

COX-SIG-Na'TION, 7). The act of consigning ; the act of 
delivering or committing to another person, place or 
state. [Little used,] 

eON-SIG'NA-TURE, n. Full signature; joint signing or 
stamping. 

€OX-SlGN'ED, (kon-sind') pp. Delivered ; committed for 
keeping, or management ; deposited in trust. 

GOX-SI-G>7EE', (kon-se-nee') n. The person to whom goods 
or other things are delivered in trust, for sale or superin- 
tendence ; a factor. -■ 

eOX-SiGiV'ER, ) n. The person who consigns ; one who 

eONSrGN OR, \ sends, delivers, or commits goods.to 
another for sale, or a ship for superintendence, bills "SS^ 
ladinir, papers, &c. 'J 

e<:).V-SIG-NIF-I-€A'TION, 71. Joint signification. ^■ 

CO.\-S[G-NIF'I-€A-TiVE, a. Having a like signification, 
or jointly significative. 

CON-SiGN'ING, ppr. Delivering to another in trust ; send- 
iua, or committing. 

fJOX-SIGN'MENT, fkon-slne'ment) ?;. 1. The act of con- 
signing ; consignation ; the act of sending or committing, 
as a charge for safe-keeping or management ; the act of 
depositing with, as goods for sale. 2. The thing con- 
signed ; the goods sent or delivered to a factor for sale. 
3. The viTiting by which any thing is consigned. 

eON-SIM'I-LAR, o. Having common resemblance. [L. v.] 



CON-SI-MILT-TUDE, n Resemblance. [Little used.] 

t€ON-SI-MIL'I-TY, 74. Resemblance. .Aubrey. 

CON-SIST', V. i. [L. con^isto.] 1. To stand together ; to be 
in a fixed or permanent state, as a body composed of parts 
in union or connection. Hence, to be ; to exist ; to subsist j 
to be supported and maintained. 2. To stand or be ; to lie ; 
to be contained. 3. To be composed. — To consist together, 
to coexist ; to have being concuiTently. — To consist with, 
to agree ; to be in accordance with ; to be compatible. 

eON-SIST'ENCE, \n. I. A standing together; a being 

€ON-SIST'EN-C Y , i fixed in union, as the parts of a body ; 
that state of a body, in which its component parts remain 
fixed. 2. A degree of density or spissitude, but indefinite. 
3. Substance ; make ; firmness of constitution. 4. A 
standing together, as the parts of a system, or of conduct, 
&c. ; agreement or harmony of all parts of a complex 
thing among themselves, or of the same thing with itself 
at different times ; congruity ; unifonnity. 5. A stand- 
ing ; a state of rest, in which things capable of growth or 
decrease remain for a tune at a stand. 

€ON-SIST'ENT, a. [Ij. consistens.] 1. Fixed; firm : not 
fluid. 2. Standing together or in agreement ; compatible; 
congruous ; uniform ; not contradictory or opposed. 

€ON-SIST'ENT-LY, adv. In a consistent manner ; in agree- 
ment ; agreeably. 

€ON-SIS-To'RI-AL, or €ON-SIST'0-RY, a. Pertaining or 
relating to a consistory, or ecclesiastical court of an arch- 
bishop "or bishop. 

€ON-SIS-To'Rl-AN, a. Relating to an order of Presbyte- 
rian assemblies. 

* €ON-SIST'0-RY, n. [L. consistorium.] \. Primarily, a 
place of meeting ; a council-house, or place of justice. 

2. A place of justice in the spiritual court, or the court it- 
self; the coujt of every diocesan bishop, held in their ca- 
thedral churches, for the tilal of ecclesiastical causes. 

3. An assembly of prelates ; the college of cardinals at 
Rome. 4. A solemn assembly or council. 5. A place of 
residence ; [not \Lsed.] 6. In the reformed churches, an 
assembly or council of ministers and elders. 

€ON-So'CIATE, n. [L. consociatus.] An associate ; a part- 
ner or confederate ; an accomplice. Hayward. 

€ON-So'ClATE, V. t. [L. consociafas.] 1. To unite ; to 
join ; to associate. 2. To cement, or hold in close union. 
3. To unit-^ in an assembly or convention, as pastors and 
messenger" or delegates of churches. Saybrook Platform. 

€ON-So'CI/.TE, V. i. 1. To unite ; to coalesce. 2. To 
unite, or meet in a body ; to fonn a consociation of pastors 
and messengers. Saybrook Platform. 

€ON-SO-CI-A'TION, n. 1. Intimate union of persons ; fel- 
lowship; alliance; companionship ; union of things. TVot- 
ton. 2, I'ellowship or union of churches by their pastors 
and dele^;.tes ; a meeting of the pastors and delegates of a 
number of congregational churches. Trumbull. 

€ON-SO-CI-A'TiON-AL, a. Pertaining to a consociatioD 
T}-uml}ull. 

CON'SOL, 71. Consols, in England, are the funds or stocks 
formed by the consolidation of different annuities. Crahhe. 

€ON-SoL'A-BLE, a. That admits comfort ; capable of re- 
ceiving consolation. 

t€oN'SO-LATE, v. t. To comfort. 

€ON-SO-La'TION, 71. [L. consolatio.] 1. Comfort; allevia- 
tion of misery, or distress of mind ; refreshment of mind 
or spirits. 2. That which comforts, or refreshes the 
spirits ; the cause of comfort. 

eON'SO-LA-TOR, n. One who comforts. 

*€ON-SOL'A-TO-RY, a. [L. consolatorius.] Tending to 
give comfort ; refreshing to the mind ; assuaging grief. 

€ON-SOL'A-TO-RY, n. A speech or writing containing 
topicsof comfort. Milton. 

€ON-SoLE', V. t. [L. consolor.] To comfort ; to cheer the 
mind in distress or depression ; to alleviate grief, and give 
refreshment to the mind or spirits ; to give contentment 
or moderate happiness by relieving from distress. 

CONSOLE, n. [Fr.] In architecture, a bracket or shoulder- 
piecej or an ornament cut upon the key of an arch. 

€ON-SoL'ED, (kon-sold') pp. Comforted ; cheered. 

CON-SoL'ER, n. One that gives comfort. 

€ON-SOL'I-DANT, a. Having the quality of uniting 
wounds or forming new flesh. 

€ON-SOL'I-DANT, n. A medicine that heals or unites the 
parts of wounded flesh. Coxe. 

CON-SOL'I-DATE, v.t. [It. consolidare.] 1. To make 
solid ; to unite or press together loose or separate parts, 
and form a compact mass ; to harden or make dense and 
firm. 2. To unite the parts of a broken bone, or the lips 
of a wound, by means of applications. 3. To unite two 
parliamentary bills in one. — 4. In law, to combine two 
Isenefices in one. 

CON-SOL'I-DATE, v. i. To grow firm and hard ; to unite 
and become solid. 

CON-SOL'I-DATE, a. Formed into a solid mass. 

CON-SOL'I-DA-TED, pp. Made solid, hard, or compact , 
united. 

CON-SOL'I-DA-TING, ppr. Making soUd ; uniting. 



* See Synopsis A, E, I, O, U, Y, larg.—FXB., FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ; 



t Obsolete. 



CON 



183 



CON 



CON-SOL-I-DaTION, n. 1. The act of making or process 
of becoming solid ; the act of forming into a firm, compact 
mass, body or system. H. The annexing of one bill to 
another in parliament or legislation. 3. The combining 
of two benefices in one. 4. The uniting of broken bones 
or wounded flesh 

T €ON-SOL'I-DA-TiVE, a. Having the quality of healing. 

eON'SOLS, n. A kind of transferable stocks. 

€ON'SO-NANCE, n. [Fr.. from L. consouantia.'] 1. Accord 
or agreement of sounds. — In music, consonance is an accord 
of sounds which produces an agreeable sensation iji the 
ear. 2. Agreement ; accold : congruity ; consistency ; 
agreeableness ; suitableness. 

GON'SO-NANT, a. 1. Agreeing ; according ; congruous ; 
consistent. — 2. In music, composed of consonances. 

€OiVSO-NANT, ?i. A letter, so named because it is consid- 
ered as being sounded only in connection with a vowel. 

€0iV'30-NANT-LY, adv. Consistently ; in agreement. 

€ONidO-NANT-NESB, n. Agreeableness ; cuusisteacy. 

t;0]\'sO-NOUS, a. [L. consonus.] Agreeing in sound 5 
svmphonious. 

t €ON-So'PI-ATE, V. t. To lull asleep. 

t€ON-SO-?l-A'TiON, n. A lulling asleep. 

t€ON'SO-PITE, V. t. [L. consopio.] To compose ,; to lull to 
sleep. 

t €ON'SO-PITE, a. Calm ; composed. More. 

€OiV'SOB,T, V. [L. consors.] 1, A companion; a partner; 
an intimate associate ; particularly., a partner of the bed ; 
A wife or husband. 2. An assembly or association of per- 
sons, convened for consultation. 3. Union; conjunction; 
concurrence. 4. A number of instruments played to- 
gether ; a symphony ; a concert, in this sense, concert is 
now used. — 5. In navigation, any vessel keeping compa- 
ny with another. — Queen consort, the wife of a king, as 
distinguished from a queen recent, who rules alone, and a 
ijicceu dowager, the widow of a king. 

eON-SORT', V. i. To associate ; to unite in cojnpany ; to 
keep company. 

eON-SORT', V. t. 1. To join; to marry. 2. To unite in 
company. 3. To accompany ; [not u^cd.'] 

CON-SORT' A-BLE,- a. Suitable. JVotton. 

€ON-SORT'ED, pp. United in marriage. 

CON-SORT'ING, ppr. Unitmg in company with ; associat- 
ir.g. 

t€ON-SOR'TION, 71. Fellowship. Brown. 

eON'SORT-SHIP, n. Fellowship ; partnership. 

CON'SOUND, n. The name of several species of plants. 

teON-SPE€''TA-BLE, a. [h. conspectiis.] Easy to be seen . 

€ON-SPI-Cu'I-TY, n. Conspicuousness ; brightness. [Little 
used.] Shale. 

€0N-SPie'U-0U3, a. [L. conspicuics .] 1. Open to the view ; 
obvious to the eye ; easy to be seen ; manifest. 2. Ob- 
vious to the mental eye ; clearly or extensively known, 
perceived or understood. Hence, eminent ; famous ; dis- 
tinguished. 

€ON-SPIC'U-OUS-LY, adv. In a conspicuous manner; 
obviously ; in a manner to be clearly seen ; eminently ; 
remarkably. 

eON-SPiC'U-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Openness or exposme to 
the view ; a state of being visible at a distance. 2. Emi- 
nence ; fame ; celebrity; ^;enov/n ; a state of being exten- 
sively knov/n and distinguished. 

€0N-SPIR'A-CY, 71. [L. conspiratio.} 1. A combination of 
men for an evil purpose ; an agreement, between two or 
more persons, to commit some crime in concert ; particu- 
larly, a combination to commit treason, or excite sedition 
or insurrection against the government of a state ; a plot. 
— 9. in laio, an agreement between two or more persons, 
falsely and maliciously to indict, or procure to be indicted, 
an innocent person of felony. 3. A concurrence ; a gen- 
eral tendency of two or more causes to one event. 

€0N-SPl'RANT, a. [L. con-spirans.'] Conspiring ; plotting ; 
engaging iji a plot to commit a crime. 

CON-SPI-Ra'TION, ?!. Conspiracy; agreement or concur- 
rence of things to one end. 

€0N-SPIR'A-T0R, n. 1. One who conspires ; one who en- 
gages in a plot to commit a crime, particularly treason. — 
2. In law, one who agrees with another falsely and ma- 
liciously to indict an innocent person of felony. 

eON-SPlRE', v.i. [L. conspiro.'] ]. To agree, by oath, 
covenant or otherwise, to commit a crime ; to plot ; to 
liatch treason. — 2. In law, to agree falsely and malicious- 
ly to indict an innocent person of felony. 3. To agree; 
to concur to one end. 

eON-SPlR'ER, n. One who conspires or plots ; a conspira- 
tor. Shak. 

€ON-SPiR'ING, ppr. 1. Agreeing to commit a crime ; plot- 
ting ; uniting or concurring to one end. — 2. In mechanics, 
conspiring powers are such as act in a direction not opposite 
to one another ; cooperating powers. 

eON-SPIR'lNG-LY, adv. In the manner of a conspiracy ; 
by conspiracy. Milton. 

€ON-SPIS-Sa'TION, 7t. [1,. conspissatus.] The act of mak- 
ing thick or viscous ; thickness. 



t€Ol\'&PUR-€ATE, w. c. [L. conspurco.] To defile. 

teON-SPUR-CA-TlON, 71. [L. conspurco.] The act of vlt* 
filing ; defilement ; pollution. 

€oN'STA-BLE, n. [yp. condestable ; It. conestabilc ; Fr 
connetahlc ; L. comes stabuli.] 1. The lord high constable 
of England, the seventh officer of the crown. Be had the 
care of tlie common peace, in deeds of arms, and matters ot 
vi^ar ; being a judge of the court of chivalry, now called the 
court of honor. 2. An oflicer of the peace. — In Fyngland, 
there are high constables, petty constables, and consta- 
bles of London. Their duty is to keep the peace, and for 
this purpose they are invested with the power of arresting 
and imprisoning, and of breaking open houses. — 3. In the 
United States, constables are town-officers of the peace, 
with powers similar .0 those possessed by the constables 
in Great Britain. They are invested also with powers to 
execute civil as well as criminal process, and to levy exe- 
cutions. — To overrun the constable, to spend more tliar 
a man is worth or can pay ; a vulgar phrase. 

fCoN'STA-BLE-llY, 71. The district called also consiablc- 
wick. 

e6N';:^TA-BLE-SHrP, it. The oftice of a constable. 

C6N'STA-BLE-WICK, n. The district to which a consta- 
ble's power is limited. Hale. 

COJ\';STAN-CY, 7t. [L. constantia.] I. Fixedness; a stand- 
ing firm ; hence, applied to God or his works, unmutabil- 
ity; unalterable continuance; a permanent state. 2, 
Fixedness or firmness of mind ; persevering resolution ; 
steady, unshaken determination ; lasting affection , sta- 
bil ity hi love or friendship. 3. Certainty ; veracity ; reality. 

€ON'oTANT,a. [la.constans.] 1. Fixed ; firm; opposed to 
faiid. [In this sense not used.] 2. Fixed ; not varied ; 
unchanged ; permanent ; immutable. 3. Fixed or firm 
in mind, purpose, atfection or principle ; unshaken ; un- 
moved. 4. Certain ; steady ; firmly adherent. 

€ON-STAN-TI-NO-POL'I-TAN, a. Relating to Constanti- 
nople, the metropolis of Turkey in EuropeT 

€ON'STANT-LY, acZo. Firmly; steadily ;"invariably ; con- 
tinuallv ; perse veringly. 

eON'STAT, 71. [L.] 1. In England, a certificate given by 
the clei-k of the pipe and auditors of the exchequer, to a 
person who intends to plead or move for a discharge of 
any thing in that court. The effect of it is to show what 
appears upon the record, respecting the matter in ques- 
tion. 2. An exemplificatioia, under the great seal, of the 
enrollment of any letters patent. 

*€ON'STSL-LATS, V. ?. [Low Tu. constellatus.] To join 
lustre ; to shine with united radiance, or one general light. 
[Little used.] 

* €OJV'STEL-LATE, v. t. To unite several shining bodies 
in one splendor. [LitMc used.] 

* €ON'STEL-LA-TED, pp. 1. United in one splendor. 
2. Starry ; set or adorned with stars or constellations. 
J. Barlow. 

€ON-STEL-La'TION, n. 1. A cluster of fixed stars ; an 
asterism ; a number of stars which appear as if situated 
near each other in the heavens, and are considered as 
forhiing a particular division. 2. An assemblage of splen- 
dors or excellences. 

eON-STER-NA'TION, n. [L. consternatio.j Astonishment ; 
amazement or horror that confounds the faculties, and 
incapacitates a person for consultation and execution ; 
excessive terror, wonder or surprise. 

€ON'STI-PATE, v.t. [L. constipo.] 1. To crowd or cram 
into A narrow compass ; to thicken or condense. 2. To 
stop, by filliuij a passage, and preventing motion. 3. To 
fill or crowd the intestinal canal, and make costive. 

CON-STI-Pa'TJON, 71. 1. The act of crowding any thing 
into a less compass ; a pressing together ; condensation 
2. More generally, a crowding or filling to hardness the 
intestinal canal, from defective excretion; costiveness 
obstipation. 

eON-STIT'U-ENT, a. [L. constitnens.] Settmg ; constitut- 
ing. Hence, necessary or essential ; elem^ental ; forming, 
composing or making as an essential part. 

€ON-STIT'U-ENT, n. 1. He or that which sets, fixes ot 
forms ; he or that which constitutes or composes. 2. That 
which constitutes or composes, as a part, or an essential 
part. 3. One who appoints or elects another to an office 
or employment. Burke. 

CONSTI-TUTE, V. t. [L. constituo.] 1. To set; to fix ; 
to enact ; to establish. 2. To form or compose ; to give 
formal existence to ; to make a thing what it is. 3. To 
appoint, depute or elect to an office or employment ; to 
make and empower. 

t €ON'STI-TUTE, n. An established law. 

CON'STI-TU-TED, ;>p. Set; fixed; established ; made t 
elected; appointed. 

€ON'STI-TU-TER, n. One who constitutes or appohits. 

€ON'STI-TU-TING, ppr. Setting ; establishing ; compos- 
ing ; electing ; appointing. 

€ON-STI-Tu'TlON, n. 1. The .act of constituting, enact- 
ing, establishing or appointing. 2. The state of being 
that form of being, or peculiar structure and connection of 



• See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.^C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



CON 



184 



CON 



parts, which makes or characterizes a system or body. 
Hence the particular frame or temperament of the human 
body is called its constitution. 3. The frame or temper of 
mind, affections or passions. 4. The established form of 
government in a state, kingdom or country ; a system of 
fundamental rules, principles and ordinances for the gov- 
ernment of a state or nation. 5. A particular law, ordi- 
nance, or regulation, made fay the authority of any supe- 
rior, civil or ecclesiastical. 6. A system of fundamental 
principles for the government of rational and social be- 
ings. 
€ON-STI-Tu'TION-AL, a. 1. Bred or mherent in the 
constitution, or in the natural frame of body or mind. 

2. Consistent with the constitution ; authorized by the 
constitution or fundamental rules of a government; legal. 

3. Relating to the constitution. Paley. 
€ON-STI-Tu'TION-AL-IST, ?i. 1. An adherent to the 

constitution of government. 2. An innovator of the old 
constitution, or a framer or friend of the new constitution 
in France. 

€ON-STI-TU-TION-ALa-TY, n. 1. The state of being 
constitutional ; the state of being inherent in the natural 
<ranie. Coxc. 2. The state of being consistent with the 
constitution or frame of government, or of being author- 
izeo' by its provisions. 

€ON-STI-Tu'TION-AL-LY, adv. In consistency with the 
constitution or frame of government. 

€0N-STI-TU'TI0N-1ST, n. One who adheres to the con- 
stitution of the country. 

* €ON'STI-TU-TiVE, a. 1. That constitutes, forms or 
composes; elemental; essential. 2. Having pov/er to 
enact or establish ; instituting. 

eON-STRAIN', V. t. [Fr. cojitraindre.] 1. To compel or 
force ; to urge with irresistible power, or with a power 
sufficient to produce the effect. 2. To confine by force ; 
to restrain from escape or action ; to repress. 3. To hold 
by force ; to press ; to confine. 4. To constringe ; to 
bind. 5. To tie fast ; to bind ; to chain ; to confine. 6. 
To necessitate. 7. To force ; to ravish; [not used.] 8. 
To produce in opposition to nature. 

eON-STRAlN'A-BLE, a. That may be constrained, forced 
or repressed ; liable to constraint, or to restraint. 

€ON-STRaIN'ED, (kon-straind') jjp- Urged irresistibly or 
powerfully; compelled; forced; restrained; confined; 
bound ; irnprisoned ; necessitated. 

€ON-STRaIN'ED-LY, adv. By constraint ; by compulsion. 

€ON-STRaIN'ER, n. One who constrains. 

€ON-STRaIN'ING, ppr. Urging with irresistible or power- 
ful force ; compelling ; forcing ; repressing ; confining ; 
holding by force ; pressing ; binding. 

€ON-STRaINT', n. [Fr. contrainte.] In-esistible force, or 
its effect; any force, or power, physical or moral, which 
compels to act or to forbear action, or which urges so 
strongly as to produce its effect upon the body or mind ; 
compulsion ; restraint ; confinement. 

€ON-STRaIN'TIVE, a. Having power to compel. Carew. 

€ON-STRWTi, v.t. [1.. const7ingo.] To draw together; 
to bind ; to cramp ; to draw into a narrow compass ; 
hence, to contract or cause to shrink. 

€ON-STRI€T'ED, pp> Drawn together; bound; contract- 
ed. 

€ON-STRI€T'ING, ppr. Drawing together ; binding ; con- 
tracting. 

€ON-STRI€'TION, n. A drawing together or contraction 
by means of some inherent power, or by spasm, as distin- 
guished from compression, or the pressure of extraneous 
bodies. 

€ON-STRI€T'OR, n. 1. That which draws together or 
contracts. — In anatomy, a muscle which draws together 
or closes an orifice of the body. 2. A species of serpents, 
the black snake of the United States. Also, the hoa con- 
strictor, the largest of known serpents 

€ON-STRINGE', (kon-strinj') v. t. [L. constringo.] To 
draw together ; to strain into a narrow compass ; to con- 
tract ; to force to contract itself. 

€ON-STRING'ED, (kon-strinjd') pp Contracted; drawn 
together. 

€0N-STRiN'6ENT, a. Having the qualitv of contracting, 
binding or compressing. 

eON-STRING'ING, ppr. Drawing or compressing into a 
smaller compass ; contracting ; binding. 

€ON-STRUeT', V. t. [L. construo, constructum.] 1. To 
put together the parts of a thing in their proper place and 
order ; to build ; to form. 2. To devise and compose ; 
as, to construct a new system. 3. To interpret or under- 
stand. 

€ON-STRU€T'ED, pp. Built ; formed ; composed ; com- 
piled. 

€ON-STRU€T'ER, n. One who constructs or frames. 

eON-STRU€T'ING, ppr. Building ; framing ; composing. 

€0N-STRUe'TION, n. [L. constmctio.] 1. The act of 
building, or of devising and forming ; fabrication. 2. 
The form of buildmg; the manner of putting together the 
parts of a building, a machine, or a system ; structure ; 



conformation.— 3. In grammar, syntax, or the arrange- 
ment and connection of words in a sentence, according to 
established usages, or the practice of good writers and 
speakers. 4. Sense ; meaning ; interpretation ; explana- 
tion : or the manner of understanding the arrangement of 
words, or of understanding facts. 5. The manner of 
describing a figure or problem in geometry. — 6. In alge- 
bra, the construction of equations is the method of reduc- 
ing a known equation into lines and figures, In order to a 
geometrical demonstration. 

€ON-STRU€'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to construction. 
I Unusual.l 

€0N-STRU€'TIVE, a. By construction ; created or deduc- 
ed by construction, or mode of interpretation ; not directly 
expressed, but inferred. 

CON-STRUCTIVE-LY, adv In a constructive manner; 
by way of construction or interpretation ; by fair infer- 
ence. 

€0N-STRU€T'URE, n. An edifice ; pile ; fabric. Black- 
more. 

* CON'STRUE, v. t. [L. construe.] 1. To arrange words in 
their natural order ; to reduce from a transposed to a nat - 
ural order, so as to discover the sense of a sentence 
hence, to interpret ; and, when applied to a foreign lan- 
guage, to translate ; to render into English. 2. To inter- 
pret ; to explain ; to show or to understand the meaning. 

CON'STRUED, pp. Ananged In natural order ; interpret- 
ed ; understood ; translated. 

€ON'STRU-IJ>JG, ppr. Ananging in natural order; ex- 
pounding ; interpreting ; translating. 

eON'STU-PRATE, v. t. [L. constupro.] To violate ; to 
debauch ; to defile. 

€ON-STU-PRa'TION, n. The act of ravishing ; violation j 
defilement. Bp. Hall. 

CON-SUB-SIST', V. i. To subsist together. 

€ON-SUB-STAN'TIAL, a. [L. consubstantialis.] 1. Having 
the same substance or essence ; co-essential. 2. Of the 
same kind or nature. 

€ON-SUB-STAN'TIAL-IST, n. One who believes in con- 
substantiation. Barrow, 

€ON-SUB-STAN-TI-AL'I-TY, n. 1. The existence of more 
than one in the same substance. Hammond. 2. Paitici- 
pation of the same nature. 

€ON-SUB-STAN'TIATE, v. t. [L. con and substantia.] To 
unite in one common substance or nature. 

€ON-SUB-STAN'TIATE, v. i. To profess consubstantia- 
tion. Dry den. 

€ON-SUB-STAN-TI-A'TION, n. The union of the body of 
our blessed Savior with the sacramental elements. The 
Lutherans maintain that after consecration of the ele- 
ments, the body and blood of Christ are substantially 
present with the substance of the bread and wine, which 
is called consubstantiation, or impanation. 

eON'SUL, n. [L.] 1. The chief magistrate of the ancient 
Roman republic, invested with regal authority for one 
year. — 2. In modern usage, the name consul is given to a 
person commissioned by a king or state to reside in a for- 
eign country as an agent or representative, to protect the 
rights, commerce, merchants and seamen of the state, and 
to aid the government in any commercial transactions 
with such foreign country. 3. An adviser ; [not author- 
ized.] Bacon. 

€ON'SUL-AGE, n. A duty laid by the British Levant Com- 
pany on imports and exports for the support of the com- 
pany's affairs. Eton. 

CON'SUL-AR, a. Pertaining to a consul. 

€ON'SUL-ATE, n. [L. consulatus.] 1. The office of a 
consul. 2. The jurisdiction or extent of a consul's au- 
thority. 

€ON'SUL-SHIP, 71. The office of a consul ; or the term of 
his office. 

CON-SULT', V. i. [L. cmisnlto.] 1. To seek the opinion or 
advice of another, by a statement of facts, and suitable 
inquiries, for the purpose of directing one's own judg- 
ment. , 2. To take counsel together ; to seek opinions and 
advice- by mutual statements, inquiries and reasonings ; 
to deliberate in common. 3. To consider with dehbera- 
tion. 

CON-SULT', V. t. 1. To ask advice of; to seek the opinion 
of another, as a guide to one's own judgment. 2. To 
seek for information, or facts, in something. 3. To re 
gard ; to have reference or respect to, in judging or act- 
ing ; to decide or to act in favor of. 4. To plan, devise 
or contrive ; [t/iis sense is unusual.] 

*€0]N-SULT', n. The act of consulting ; the effect of con- 
sultation ; deternunation ; a council, or deliberating as- 
sembly. Dryden. [This word is, I believe, entirely obso- 
lete, except in poetry.] 

€ON-SUL-Ta'TION, 72. 1. The act of ccnsulting ; delib- 
eration of two or more persons, with a view to some de- 
cision. 2. The persons who consult together ; a number 
of persons seeking mutually each other's opinions and 
advice ; a council for deliberation .— JFrit of consultation, 
in law, a writ awarded by a superior court, to return a 



* See Synopsia A, JE, I, 0, tJ, Y, long.—¥AU, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



CON 



185 



CON 



cause, which had been removed by prohibition from the 
court Christian, to its original jurisdiction. 

eON-SULT'A-TtVE, a. Having the privilege of consult- 
ing. 

€ON-SULT'ED, yp. Asked j inquired of for opinion or ad- 
vice ; regarded. 

eON-SULT'ER, n. One who consults, or asks counsel or 
information. 

€ON-SULiT'ING, ppr. Asking advice ; seeking informa- 
tion ; deliberating and inquiring mutually ; regarding. 

€ON-SuM'A-BLE, a. That may be consumed 5 possible to 
be destroyed, dissipated, wasted or spent. 

€ON-SuME', V. t. [L. coTHsumo.'] 1. To destroy, by separ- 
ating the parts of a thing, by decomposition, as by fire, or 
by eating, devouring, and annihilating tlie form of a sub- 
stance. 2. To destroy by dissipating or by use ; to ex- 
pend 3 to waste ; to squander. 3. To spend ; to cause to 
pass away, as time. 4. To cause to disappeai- j to waste 
slowly. 5. To destroy ; to bring to utter ruin ; to exter- 
minate. 

€ON-SuME', V. i. To waste away slowly ; to be exhausted. 

eON-SuM'ED, (kon-sumdO pp. Wasted j burnt up j de- 
stroyed ; dissipated ; squandered ; expended. 

€ON-SuM'ER, n. One who consumes, spends, wastes or 
destroys ; that which consumes. 

€ON-SuM'ING, ppr. 1. Burning; wasting 5 destroying; 
expending ; eating ; devouring. 2. a. That destroys. 

* €ON''SUM-MATE, v. t. [L. consummo, c(msuinviatus.'\ 
To end ; to finish by completing what was intended ; to 
perfect ; to bring or cany to the utmost point or degree. 

€GN-SUM'MATE, a. Complete; perfect; carried to the 
utmost extent or degree. 

* €ON'SUM-MA-TED, pp. Completed ; perfected ; ended. 
eON-SUM'MATE-LY, adv. Completely ; perfectly. 

* eON'SUM-MA-TING, ppr. Completing ; accomplisliing ; 
perfecting. 

€ON-SUM-Ma'TION, 71. [L. consummo.tio.] 1. Comple- 
tion; end; perfection of a work, process or scheme. 2. 
The end or completion of the present system of things ; 
the end of the world. 3. Death ; the end of life. — Con- 
summation of marriage, tlie most intimate union of the 
sexes, which completes the connubial relation. 

€ON-SUMP'TION, n. [I,, consuviptio.] 1. The act of con- 
suming ; waste ; destruction by burning, eating, devour- 
ing, scattering, dissipation, slow decay, or by passing 
away, as time. 2. The state of being wasted, or dimin- 
ished. — 3. In medicine, a wasting of flesh ; a gradual de- 
cay or diminution of the body ; a word of extensive signif- 
ication. Butparticularhj, the disease called phthisis pul- 
monalis, pulmonic consumption, a disease seated in the 
lungs, attended with hectic fever, cough, &c. 

€ON-SUMP'TIVE, a. 1. Destructive ; wasting; exhaust- 
ing ; having the quality of consuming or dissipating. 
2.' Affected with a consumption or pulmonic disease, as, 
consumptive lungs ; or inclined to a consumption ; tending 
to the phthisis pulmonalis. 

€ON-SUMP'TIVE-LY, adv. In a way tending to consump- 
tion. 

€ON-SUMP'TIVE-NESS, ?^. A state of being consumptive, 
or a tendency to a consumption. 

■(• €ON-Su'TlLE, a. [L. consutilis.] That is sewed or 
stitched together. 

€ON-TAB'U-LATE, v. t. [L. contabulo.] To floor with 
boards. 

€ON-TAB-U-La.'TION, n. The act of laying with boards, 
or of flooring. 

eON'TACT, n. [L. contactus.] A touching ; touch ; close 
union or juncture of bodies. 

€0N-T ACTION, n. The act of touching. 

eON-TA'GlON, n. [L. covtagio.] 1. Literally, a touch or 
touching. Hence, the communication of a disease by 
contact, or the matter communicated. More generally, 
that subtil matter which proceeds from a diseased person 
or body, and communicates the disease to another person. 
2. That which communicates evil from one to aiiotlier ; 
infection ; that wliich propagates mischief. 3. Pesti- 
lence I a pestilential disease ; venomous exhalations. 

€ON-Ta'GIOUS, a. 1. Containing or generating conta- 
gion ; catching ; that may be communicated by contact, 
or by a subtil excreted matter. 2. Poisonous ; pestilen- 
tial; containing contagion, 3. Containing miscliief that 
may be propagated. 4. That may be communicated from 
one to another, or may excite like affections in others. 

€ON-Ta'6IOUS-NESS, n. The quahty of being contagious. 

CON-TaIN', v. t. [L. contineo.] 1. To hold, as a vessel; 
to have capacity ; to be able to hold. 2. To comprehend ; 
to hold within specified limits. 3. To comprehend ; to 
comprise. 4. To hold within limits prescribed ; to re- 
strain ; to withhold from trespass or disorder ; [obs.] 5. 
To include. 6. To inclose. 

€ON-TaIN', v. i. To live in continence or chastity. Jlr~ 
buthnot. 

eON-TAIN'A-BLE, a. That may be contained, or com- 
prised. 



€ON-TAIN'ED, (kon-tand') pp. Held j comprehended 1 
comprised ; included ; inclosed. 

€ON-TaINTNG, ppr. Holding ; having capacity to hold , 
comprehending ; comprising ; including , inclosing. 

eON-TAM'I-NATE, t). f. [L.. contamvno.] To defile; to 
pollute ; usually in a figurative sense ; to sully ; to tar- 
nish ; to taint. 

€ON-TAM'I-NATE, a. Polluted ; defiled ; corrupt. 

€ON-TAM'I-NA-TED, pp. Polluted ; defiled ; tarnished. 

€ON-TAM'I-NA-TING, ppr. Polluting; defiling; tarnish- 
ing. 

€ON-TAM-I-Na'TION, n. The act of polluting ; pollution ; 
defilement; taint. 

CON'TECK, 71. Cluarrel ; contention. [JYot English.] 

t €ON-TE€'TION, 71. [L. contego.] A covering. Sir T. 
Browne. 

t eON-TEM ER-A-TED, a. Violated ; polluted. Diet. 

CON-TEMN', (kon-tem') v. t. [L. contemno.] - 1. To de- 
spise ; to consider and treat as mean and despicable ; to 
sconi. 2. To slight ; to neglect as unworthy of regard ; 
to reject with disdain. 

CON-TEM'NED, (kon-temd') pp. Despised ; scorned : 
slighted ; neglected, or rejected with disdain. 

€ON-TEM'NER, n. One who contemns; a despiser; a 
scorner. 

€ON-TEM'NJNG, ppr. Despising ; slighting as vile or des- 
picable ; ntglecting or rejecting, as unworthy of re- 
gard. 

€ON-TEM'PER, v. t. [Low L. contempero.'\ To moderate ; 
to reduce to a lower degree by mixture with opposite or 
different qualities ; to temper. 

CON-TEBI'PER-A-MENT, n. Moderated or qualified de- 
gree ; a degree of any quality reduced to that of another ; 
temperament. 

€ON-TEM'PER-ATE, v. t. To temper ; to leduce the qual- 
ity of, by mixing something opposite or different; to 
moderate. 

€ON-TEM-PER-a'TION, n. 1. The act of reducing a 
quality by admixture of the contrary ; the act of moderat- 
ing or tempering. 2. Temperament ; proportionate mix- 
ture. [Instead of tliese words, temper and temperament 
are now generally used,] 

* CON'TEM-PLATE, 7;. f . \1.. contemplor.] 1. To view 
or consider with continued attention ; to study ; to med- 
itate on. 2. To consider or have in view, in reference to 
a future act or event ; to intend. Hamilton. 

* CON'TEM-PLATE, v. i. To thmk studiously ; to study ; 
to muse ; to meditate. 

* €ON'TEM-PLA-TED, jyp. Considered with attention; 
meditated on ; intended. 

* eON'TEM-PLA-TING, ppr. Considering v/ith contumed 
attention ; meditating on ; musing. 

€0N-TEM-PLa'TI0N, n. [L. contemplatic] 1. The act 
of the mind in considering with attention ; meditation ; 
study ; continued attention of the mi nd to a particular 
subject. 2. Holy meditation ; attention to sacred things. 
— To have in contemplation, to intend or purpose, or to 
have under consideration. 

€ON-TEM'PLA-TiVE, a. 1. Given to contemplation, or 
continued application of the mind to a subject • studious ; 
thoughtful. 2. Employed in study. 3. Having the ap- 
pearance of study, or a studious habit. 4. Having the 
power of thoughtor meditation. 

€ON-TEM'PLA-TIVE-LY, adv. With contemplation; at- 
tentively ; thoughtfully ; with deep attention. 

* €ON'TEM-PLA-TOR, n. One who contemplates ; one 
employed in study or meditation ; an inquirer after knowl- 
edge. 

€ON-TEM-PO-Ra'NE-OUS, a. [See Cotemporary.] Liv- 
ing or being at the same time. 

€ON-TEM'PO-RA-RI-NESS, 71. Existence at the same 
point of time. Howell. 

€ON-TEM'PO-RA-RY, a. [It., Sp. contemporaneo ; Fr. 
contemporain. For the sake of easier pronunciation, 
this word is often changed to cotemporar-y.] Coeta- 
neous ; living at the same time ; being or existing at 
the same time. See Cotemforary, the preferable 
word. 

€ON-TEM'PO-RA-RY, n. One who lives at the same time 
with another. 

t €ON-TEM'PO-RlSE, v. t. To make contemporary ; to 
place in the same age or time. 

CON-TEMPT', n. [L. co7itemptus.'\ I. The act of despis- 
ing ; the act of viewing or considering and treating as 
mean, vile and worthless ; disdain ; hatred of what is 
mean or deemed vile. 2. The state of being despised ; 
whence, in a Scriptural sense, shame, disgrace. — In law, 
disobedience of the rules and orders of a court, which is a 
punishable offense. 

€ON-TEMPT'I-BLE, a. [L. contemptibilis.] 1. Worthy of 
contempt ; that deserves scorn or disdam ; despicable ; 
mean; vile. 2. Apt to despise ; contemptuous; [not le- 
gitimate.] Shak. 

€ON-TEMPT'I-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being con- 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in f Aw, f Obsolete 



CON 



186 



CON 



temptible, or of being despised ; despicableness ; mean- 
ness ; vileness. 

€ON-TEMPT'I-BLY, adv. In a contemptible manner; 
meanly ; in a manner deserving of contempt. 

€ON-TEMPT'U-OUS, a. Manifesting or expressing con- 
tempt or disdain ; scornful ; apt to despise ; haughty ; in- 
solent. 

€ON-TEMPT'U-OUS-LY, adv. In a contemptuous man- 
ner ; with scorn or disdain ; despitefully. 

€ON-TEMPT U-OUc)-IMESS, n. Disposition to contempt; 
act of wntempt ; insolence ; s€ornfulness ; haughtiness. 

€ON-TEND', v.i, [h. contendo.] 1. To strive, or to strive 
against ; to struggle in opposition. 2. To strive ; to use 
earnest efforts to obtain, or to defend and preserve. 3. To 
dispute earnestly; to striye in debate. 4. To reprove 
sharply ; to chide ; to strive to convince and reclaim. 
5. To strive in opposition ; to punish. 6. To quarrel ; to 
dispute fieicely ; to wiangle.— To contend for,to strive to 
obtain. 

eON-TEND', V. t. To dispute ; to contest. This transitive 
use oi contend is not strictly legitimate. 

€ON-TEND'ED, pp. Urged in argument or debate ; dis- 
puted ; contested. 

€ON-TEND'ENT, n. An antagonist or opposer. 

€ON-TEND'ER, n. One who contends; a combatant; a 
champion^ Locke. 

eON-TEND'ING, ppr. 1. Striving ; struggling to oppose ; 
debating ; urging in argument ; quarreling. 2. a. Clash- 
ing ; opposing ; rival. 

€ON-TEN'E-MENT, n. Land, or freehold contiguous to a 
tenement. Blackstone. 

€ON-TENT', a. [L. contenUhs.'] Literally, held, contained 
witliin limits ; lience, quiet ; not disturbed ; liaving a 
mind at peace ; easy ; satisfied, so as not to repine, ob- 
ject, or oppose. 

C.ON-TENT', V. t. 1. To satisfy the mind ; to make quiet, 
so as to stop complaint or opposition ; to appease ; to make 
easy in any situation. 2. To please or gratify. 

eON-TENT', n. 1. Rest or quietness of the mind in the 
present condition. 2. Acquiescence ; satisfaction with- 
out examination. 3. The term used in the house of 
lords in England, to express an assent to a bill or motion. 

*€ON'TENT, n. 1. Often in the plural, contents. That 
which is contained ; the thing or things held, included or 
comprehended within a limit ; as, the contents of a book. 
— 2. In geometry, the area or quantity of matter or space 
included in certain lines. 3. The power of containing; 
capacitv ; extent within limits. Bacon. 

tCON-TEN-TA'TION, ?(. Content; satisfaction. 

eON-TENT'ED, -pp. or a. Satisfied ; quiet ; easy in mind ; 
not complnining, opposing or demanding more. 

€ON-TENT'ED-LY, adv. In a contented manner; quietly ; 
without concern. 

€ON-TENT'ED-NESSj n. State of resting in mind ; quiet ; 
satisfaction of mind with anv condition or event. 

t €ON-TENT'FUL, a. Full of contentment. 

€ON-TEN'TION, n. [L. contentio.'] ]. Strife; struggle; a 
violent effort to obtain something, or to resist a person, 
claim or injury ; contest ; quarrel. 2. Strife in words or 
debate ; quarrel ; angry contest ; controversy. 3. Strife 
or endeavor to excel ; emulation. 4. Eagerness ; zeal ; 
ardor ; vehemence of endeavor ; [ofe.J 

eON-TEN'TIOUS, a. [Fr. contenticux.] 1. Apt to contend; 
given to angry debate ; quarrelsome ; perverse. 2. Relat- 
ing to contention m law ; relating to litigation ; having 
power to decide causes between contending parties. 3. 
Exciting or adapted to provoke contention or disputes. 

€ON-TEN'TrOUS JU-RIS-DI€'TION. A court which has 
power to judge and determine differences between con- 
tending parties. 

eON-TEN'TIOUS-LY, ada. In a contentious manner; 
quarrelsomely ; pervei-sely. 

€ON-TEN'TIOUS-NESS, n. A disposition to contend; 
proneness to contest ; perverseness ; quarrelsomeness. 

€0:V-TENT'LESS, a. Discontented ; dissatisfied ; uneasy. 

t €OX-TENT'LY, adv. In a contented way. 

€ON-TENT'MEXT, 71. [Fr. contentcmcnt.] 1. Content; a 
resting or satisfaction of mind without disquiet ; acquies- 
'•ence. 2. Gratification. 

eoN-TEFMIN-A-BLE, a. [L. con and terminus.] Capable 
of the same bounds. 

CON-TERM' [N-ATE, a. Having the same bounds. B. Jon- 
son. 

eON-TERM'IN-OUS, a. [L. contermimis .] Bordering 
upon ; touching at the boundary ; contiguous. 

t€O.V-TER-RA'NE-AN, )a. [lu. conterraneus.l Being of 

fCON-TER-RA NE-OUS, \ the same country. 

€ON-TES-SE-Ra'TION, n. Assembly ; collection. 

€ON-TEST', V. t. [Fr. contester.] J. To dispute ; to strive 
earnestly to hold or maintain ; to struggle to defend. 2. 
To dispute ; to argue in opposition to ; to controvert ; to 
litigate ; to oppose ; to call in question. 

eON TEST', v.i. I. To strive ; to contend. 2. To vie ; to 
emulate. 



CONTEST, n. 1. Strife ; struggle for victory, Bupetlotitj^ 
or in defense ; struggle in arms. 2. Dispute ; debate ; 
violent controversy ; strife in argument. 

CON-TEST'A-BLE, a. That maybe disputed or debated j 
disputable ; controvertible. 

CON-TEST'A-BLE-NESS, n. Possibility of being contest- 
ed. 

€ON-TES-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of contesting ; strife : 
dispute. 2. Testimony ; proof by witnesses. 

CON-TEST'ING-LY, adv. In a contending manner 

CON'TEST-LESS, a. Not to be disputed, mil. 

t CON-TEX', v. t. To weave together. Boyle. 

CON'TEXT,' n, [L. contextus.] The general series or com- 
position of a discom-se ; more particularly, the parts of a 
discourse which precede or follow the sentence quoted ; 
tlie passages of Scripture which are near the text, either 
before it or after it. 

CON-TEXT', a. Knit or woven together ; close ; firm, 

t CON-TEXT', V. t. To knit together 

CON-TEXT'URE, n. The manner of interweaving several 
parts into one body ; the disposition and union of the con- 
stituent parts of a thing, with respect to each other ; com- 
position of parts ; constitution. 

CON-TEXT 'U-RAL, a. Pertaining to contexture, or to the 
human frame. 

CON-TIG-Na'TION, n. [L. contignatio.] 1. A frame of 
beams ; a story. 2. The act of framing together, or unit- 
ing beams in a fabric. 

CON-TI-Gu'I-TY, n. Actual contact of bodies ; a touching. 
Hale. 

CON-TIG'U-OUS, a. [L. contigmis.] Touching; meeting 
or joining at the surface or border. 

CON-TIG'U-OUS-LY, adv. In a manner to touch ; without 
intervening space. 

CON-TIG'U-OUS-NESS, 71. A state of contact ; close union 
of surfaces or boilers. 

CON'TI-NENCE, ; n. [L. continentia.] 1. In a general 

CON'TI-NEN-CY, \ sense, the restraint which a person 
imposes upon his desires and passions; self-command. 
2. .Appropriately, the restraint of the passion for sexual en- 
joyment ; resistance of concupiscence ; forbearance of 
lewd pleasures ; hence, chastity. But the term is usual- 
ly applied to males, as chastity is to females. 3. Forbear- 
ance of lawful pleasure. 4. Moderation in the indul- 
gence of sexual enjoyment. 5. Continuity; uninterrupt- 
ed course ; [not noio used.'\ 

CON'TI-NENT, a. [L. continens.} 1. Refraining from un- 
lawful sexual commerce, or moderate in the indulgence 
of lawful pleasm-e ; chaste. 2. Restrained ; moderate ; 
temperate. 3. Opposmg ; restraining. .4. Continuous ; 
comiected ; not intenupted. Breretcoud. 

CON'TI-NENT, 77. 1. In geography, a" great extent of land, 
not disjoined or interrupted by a sea ; a connected tract 
of land of great extent ; as the'eastern and western con- 
tinent. 2. That which contains any thing ; [not used.] 
Shak. 

CON-TI-NENT'AL, a. Pertaining or relating to a conti- 
nent.— In .America, pertaining to the United States, as 
continental moneyj in distinction from what ijertains to 
the separate states ; a word much used during the revolu ■ 
tion. 

CON'TI-NENT-LY, adv. In a continent manner ; chaste ■ 
ly ; moderately ; temperately. 

t CON-TINGE',' u. i. [L. contingo.] To touch; to hap- 
pen. 

CON-TIN'GENCE, ) n. [L. contingens.] 1. The quality 

CON-TIN'6EN-CY, ) of bemg contingent or casual ; a 
happening ; or the possibility of coming to pass. 2. Cas- 
ualty ; accident ; fortuitous event. 

CON-TIN'GENT, a. 1. Falling or coming by chance, that 
is, without design or expectation on our part ; accidental ; 
casual. — 2. In law, depending on an uncertainty. 

CON-TIN'GENT, n. 1. A fortuitous event; that which 
comes without our design, foresight or expectation. 2. 
That Which falls to one in a division or apportionment 
among a number ; a quota ; an equal or suitable shaie ; 
proportion. 

CON-TIN'GENT-LY, adv. Accidentally ; without design 
or foresight. 

CON-TIN'GENT-NESS, n. The state of being contingent ; 
fortuitousness. 

CON-TIN'U-AL, a. [Fr. continuel ; L. continuus.] 1. Pro- 
ceeding without interruption or cessation ; unceasing ; not 
intermitting ; used in reference to time. .2. Very fre- 
quent ; often repeated. — 3. Continual fever, or continued 
fever, a fever that abates, but never entirely intermits, 
till it comes to a crisis ; thus distinguished from remitting 
and intermitting fever. — 4. Continual claim, in law, a 
claim that is made from time to time within every year or 
day, to land or other estate, the possession of which can- 
not be obtained without hazard. 5. Perpetual. 

CON-TIN'U-AL-TiY, adv. 1. Without pause or cessation 
unceasingly. 2. Very often ; in repeated succession 
from time to time. 



* Ses Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tJ, Y, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



CON 



187 



CON 



CON-TIN'U-AL-NESS, 71. Permanence. Hales. 

eON-TlN'U-ANCE, n. 1. A holding on or remaining in a 
particular state, or in a course or series. Applied to time, 
duration j a state of lasting. 2. Perseverance. 3. Abode : 
residence. 4. Succession uninterrupted ; continuation \ 
a prolonging of existence. 5. Progression of time. — 6. In 
law, the deferring of a suit, or the giving of a day for the 
parties to a suit to appear. 7. In the United States, the 
deferring of a trial or suit from one stated term of the 
court to another. 8. Continuity ; resistance to a separa- 
tion of parts ; a holding together ; [not used.] 

€ON-TIN'U-ATE, v. t. To join closely together. Potter. 

eON-TIN'U-ATE, a. [L. continuatus.] 1. Immediately 
united ; holding together. [Little used.] 2. Uninterrupt- 
ed ; unbroken. [Little v^ed,] 

€ON-TIN'C-ATE-LY, adv. Wiih continuity ; without in- 
terruption. [Little used.] 

€ON-TIN-U-A'TION, n. [L. continuatio.] 1. Extension of 
existence in a series or line ; succession uninterrupted. 2. 
Extension or carrying on to a further point. 3. Extension 
in space ; production ; a canying on in length. 

eON-TIN'U-A-TlVE, n. 1. An expression noting perma- 
nence or duration. — 2. In grammar, a word that contin- 
ues. 

€ON-TIN-Lr-A'TOR, n. One who continues or keeps up a 
series or succession. 

€ON-TIN'UE, V. i. [Fr. continuer ; L. continuo^] 1. To 
remain in a state, or place ; to abide for any time indefi- 
nitely. 2. To last ; to be durable ; to endure ; to be per- 
manent. 3. To persevere ; to be steadfast or constant in 
any course. 

eON-TIN'UE, V. t. 1. To protract ; not to cease from or to 
terminate. 2. To extend from one thing to another j to 
produce or draw out in length. 3. To persevere in ; not 
to cease to do or use. 4. To hold to or unite ; [not used.] 

€ON-TIN'UED, p/;. 1. Drawn out; protracted; produced; 
extended in length ; extended without interruption, 2. 
a. Extended in time without intermission ; proceeding 
without cessation ; unceasing, — Continued propo^-tion, m 
arithmetic, is where the consequent of the first ratio is the 
same with the antecedent of the second j as 4 : 8 : : 8 : 16, 
in contradistinction from discrete proportion. 

€ON-TIN'[J-ED-LY, adv. Without intenuption ; without 
ceasing. JSTorris. 

€ON-TIN'U-ER, n. One who continues ; one that has the 
power of perseverance. 

€ON-TIN'U-ING, ppr. 1. Remaining fixed or permanent ; 
abiding ; lasting ; enduring ; persevering ; protracting ; 
producing in length. 2. a. Permanent. 

€ON-TI-Nu'I-TY. n. PL continv.if.as 1 Connection unin- 
terrupted ; cohesion ; close union of parts ; unbroKen tex- 
ture. 

€ON-TIN'U-OUS, a. [L. continuus.] Joined without in- 
tervening space. 

€OXi-TORT', V. t. [L. contorqueo, contortus.] To twist to- 
gether ; to writhe. 

eON-TORT'ED, pp. Twisted together. 

€ON-TOR'TION, ) n. [Fr, contorsion.] I. A twisting ; a 

eON-TOR'SION, ) writhing ; a wresting ; a twist ; wry 
motion. — 2. In medicine, a twisting or wresting of a limb 
or member of the body out of its natural situation ; the 
iliac passion ; partial dislocation ; distorted spine ; con- 
tructGd nGck. 

€ON-T5UR', n. [Fr. contour.] The outline ; the line that 
defines or terminates a figure. 

€ON-ToUR'NI-A-TED, a. Having edges appearing as if 
turned in a lathe. 

€ON'TRA A Latin preposition signifying against, in op- 
position, entering into the composition of some English 
words. 

€ON'TRA-BAND, a. [It, contrahbando ; Fr. contrebande.l 
Prohibited. — Contraband goods are such as are prohibited 
to be imported or exported, either by the laws of a! partic- 
ular kingdom or state, or by the law of nations, or by spe- 
cial treaties. 

€ON'TRA-BAND, n. 1. Prohibition of trading in goods 
contrary to the laws of a state or of nations. 2. Illegal 
traffick, 

eON'TRA-BAND, v. t. To import goods prohibited. 

€ON'TRA-BAND-I§T,«. One who trafiicks illegally. 

eON-TRA€T', ?). t. [L. contraho, contractum.] L To draw 
together or nearer ; to draw into a less compass, either in 
length or breadth ; to shorten ; to abridge ; to narrow ; to 
lessen. 2. To draw the parts together; to wrinkle. 3. 
To betroth ; to affiance. 4. To draw to ; to brin» on ; to 
incur ; to gain. 5. To shorten by omission of a letter or 
syllable. 6. To epitomize ; to abridge. 

CON-TRACT', v.i. 1. To shrink; to become shorter or 
narrower. 2. To bargain ; to make a mutual agreement, 
as between two or more persons. ' 

CON-TRACT', for contracted, pp. Affianced ; betrothed. 
Shak. 

CON'TRACT, n. 1. An agreement or covenant between 
two or more persons ; a mutual promise upon lawful con- 



sideration or cause, which binds the parties or a perform- 
ance ; a bargain ; a compact. 2 The act by which a man 
and woman aie betrothed, each to the other. 3. The 
writing which contains the agreement of parties with the 
terms and conditions. 

€ON-TRACT'ED, pp. 1. Drawn together, or into a short- 
er or narrower compass ; shrunk ; betrothed ; incurred ; 
bargained. 2. a. Narrow ; mean ; selfish. 

CON-TRACT'ED-LY, adv. In a contracted manner. 

CON-TRACT'ED-NESS, n. 1. The state of being contract- 
ed. 2. Narrowness ; meanness ; excessive selfishness. 

CON-TRACT-I-BIL'I-TY, n. Possibility of being contract- 
ed ; quality of sufifering contraction., 

CON-TRACT'I-BLE, a. Capable of contraction. 

CON-TRACT'I-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of suffering 
contraction ; contractibility. Diet. 

CON-TRACT'iLE, a. Tending to contract; having the 
power of shortening, or of drawing into smaller dimen- 
sions. 

CON-TRAC-TIL'I-TY, n. The inherent quality or force by 
which bodies shrink or contract. 

€ON-TRACT'ING, ppr. 1, Shortening or narrowing ; draw- 
ing together ; lessening dimensions ; shrinking ; making 
a bargain ; betrothing. 2. a. Making or having made a 
contract or treaty ; stipulating. 

CON-TRACTION, 7t. [L. contractio.] 1. The act of draw 
ing together, or siirinking ; the act of shortening, narrow- 
ing or lessening extent or dimensions, by causing the 
parts of a body to approach nearer to each other ; the state 
of being contracted. 2. The act of shortening, abridging, 
or reducing within a narrower compass by any means. 
— 3. In grammar, the shortening of a word, by the omis 
sion of a letter or syllable. 4. A contract ; marriage con- 
tract ; {not used.] 5. Abbreviation. 

CON-TRACT'OR, n. 1. One who contracts ; one of the 
parties to a bargain , one who covenants to do any thing 
for another. 2. One who contracts or covenants with a 
government to furnish provisions or other supplies, or to 
perform any work or service for the public, at a certain 
price or rate, 

CON'TRA-DANCE, ) n. [Fr. contre-danse.] A dance in 

COUN'TER-DANCE, ( which the partners are arranged 
in opposition, or in opposite lines. 

CON-TRA-DICT', w. t. [L. contradico.] 1. To oppose by 
words ; to assert the contrary to what has been asserted, 
or to deny what has been affirmed. 2. To oppose ; to be 
directly contrary to. 

CON-TRA-DICT'ED, pp. Opposed in words ; opposed ; de- 
nied. 

CON-TRA-DICT'ER, n. One who contradicts or denies ; 
an opposer. Swift. 

eON-TRA-DICT'ING,;7^r. Affirming the contrary to what 
has been asserted ; denying ; opposing. 

CON-TRA-DIC'TION, n. [L. contradictio.] 1. An asser- 
tion of the contrary to what has been said or affirmed : 
denial ; contrary declaration. 2. Opposition, whether by 
words, reproaches or attempts to defeat. 3, Direct oppo- 
sition or repugnancy ; inconsistency with itself ; incon- 
gruity or contrariety of things, words, thoughts or propo- 
sitions, 

tCON-TRA-DIC'TION-AL, a. Inconsistent. 

CON-TRA-DIC'TIOUS, a. 1. Filled with contradictions : 
inconsistent. 2, Inclined to contradict ; disposed to deny 
ur cavil. 3. Opposite ; inconsistent, 

CON-TRA-DIC'TIOUS-NESS, 71, 1, Inconsistency ; contra- 
riety to itself, 2. Disposition to contradict or cavil. 

CON-TRA-DICT'O-RI-LY, adv. In a contradictory man- 
ner ; in a manner inconsistent with itself, or opposite to 
others. 

CON-TRA-DICT'O-RI-NESS, n. Direct opposition ; con- 
trariety in assertion or effect. 

CON-TRA-DICT'O-RY, a. \. Affirming the contrary ; im- 
plying a denial of what has been asserted. 2 Inconsist • 
ent ; opposite ; contrary. 

CON-TRA-DICT'O-RY, ti. A proposition which denies or 
opposes another in all its terms ; contrariety ; inconsist- 
ency. 

CON-TRA-DIS-TINCT , a. Distinguished by opposite qual- 
ities. 

CON-TRA-DIS-TINC'TION, n. Distinction by opposite 
qualities 

CON-TRA-DIS-TINCT IVE, a. Distinguishing by oppo- 
sites. Harris. 

CON-TRA-DIS-TIN'GUISH,7J. t. To distinguish, not mere- 
ly by differential, but bv opposite qualities. 

CON-TRA-DIS-TIN'GUISHED, pp. Distinguished by op 
posites. 

CON-TRA-DIS-TIN'GUISH-ING, ppr. Distinguishing by 
opposites. 

CON-TRA-FIS'SURE, n. In surgery, a fissure or fracture 
in the cranium, on the side opposite to that which receiv- 
ed the blow, or at some distance from it. 

CON-TR A-IN'DI-CANT, n. A symptom that forbids to treat 
a disorder in the usual way. Burke. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE,~€ as K ; 6as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



CON 



188 



CON 



€0N-TRA-1N'DI-€ATE, v. t. In medicine, to ihdicate eome 
method of cure, contrary to that which the general tenor 
of the disease requiies ; or to forbid that to be done which 
the main ecope of the malady points out. 

€ON-TRA-IN-DI-eA'TION, n. An indication, from some 
peculiar symptom or fact, that forbids the method of cure 
which the main symptoms or nature of the disease re- 
quires. 

€ON'TRA-MURE, n. An out wall. See Countermure. 

€ON-TRA-NAT'U-RAL, a. Opposite to nature. [L. u.] 

€ON-TRA-Nl'TEN-CY, 71. Reaction ; resistance to force. 

t €ON-TRA-PoSE', v. t. [L. contrapositus.] To place 
against ; to set in opposition. 

€ON-TRA-PO-Sl"TION, 71. A placing over against ; oppo- 
site position. 

eON-TRA-PUNT'IST, 71. One skilled in counterpoint. 

eON-TRA-REG-U-LAR'I-TY, n. Contrariety to rule, or to 
regularity. 

€ON-TRa'RI-ANT, a. [Fr ] Contradictory ; opposite ; in- 
consistent. [Little 2ised.] 

€0N'TRA-RIES, n. phi. In logic, propositions which de- 
stroy each other, but of which the falsehood of one does 
not establish the truth of the other. 

€ON-TRA-Rl'E-TY, n. [L. contrarietas.] I. Opposition in 
fact, essence, quality or principle ; repugnance. 2. In- 
consistency ; quality or position destructive of its oppo- 
site. 

€ON'TRA-RI-LY, adv. In an opposite manner ; in opposi- 
tion ; on the other side ; in opposite ways. 

€"ON'TRA-RI-NESS, n. Contrariety ; opposition. 

eON-TRA'RI-OUS, a. Contrary ; opposite ; repugnant. 

eON-TRA'RI-OUS-LY, adv. Contrarily ; oppositely. Skak. 

€ON'TRA-RI-WlSE, adv. On the contrary ; oppositely ; on 
the other hand. 

€ON'TRA-RY, a. [L. contrarius.] 1. Opposite ; adverse ; 
moving against or in an opposite direction. 2. Opposite ; 
contradictory ; not merely different, but inconsisteirt or 
repugnant. — This adjective, in many phrases, is to be 
treated grammatically as an adverb, or as an adjective re- 
ferring to a sentence or affirmation 5 as, this happened 
contrary to my expectations. 

€ON'TRA-RY, ti. 1. A thing that is contrary or of opposite 
qualities. 2. A proposition contrary to another, or a fact 
contrary to what is alledged. — On the contrary, in opposi- 
tion; on the other side. — To the contrary, to an opposite 
purpose, or fact. 

t eONiTRA-RY, V. t. [Fr. contrarier.] To contradict or op- 
pose. 

€ON'TRA-RY-MlND'ED, a. Of a different mind or opin- 
ion. Hall. 

eOiV-TRAST', V. t. [Fr. contraster.] 1. To set in opposi- 
tion two or more figures of a like kind, with a view to 
show the difference or dissimilitude. 2. To exhibit dif- 
ferences or dissimilitude in painting and sculpture, by po- 
sition or attitude, either of the whole figure or of its mem- 
bers ; or to show to advantage by opposition or diflference 
of position. 3. To set in opposition different things or 
(lualities, to show the superior excellence of one to ad- 
vantage. 

CON'TRAST, n. 1. Opposition or dissimilitude of figures, 
by which one contributes to the visibility or effect of the 
other. 2. Opposition, or difference of position, attitude, 
&c., of figures, or of their several members ; as in paint- 
ing and sculpture. 3. Opposition of things or qualities; 
or the placing of opposite things in view, to exhibit the 
superior excellence of one to more advantage. 

€ON-TRaST'ED, pp. get in opposition ; examined in op- 
position. 

€0N-TRAST'ING, ppr. Placing in opposition, with a view 
to discover the difference of figures or other things, and 
exhibit the advantage or excellence of one beyond that of 
the other. 

CON'TRA-TEN'OR, n. In music, a middle part between 
the tenor and treble ; counter. 

eON'TRATE-WHEEL, 71. In loatchworJc, the wheel next 
to the crown, the teetn and hoop of which lie contrary to 
those of the other wheels, whence its name. 

eON-TRA-VAL-LA'TION, n. [Fr. contrevallation.] In 
fortification, a trench guarded with a parapet, thrown 
round a place by the besiegers, to secure themselves, and 
check the sallies of the garrison. 

€ON-TRA-VeNE', v. t. [L. contravenio.] To oppose ; to 
tjppose in principle or effect ; to contradict ; to obstruct in 
operation ; to defeat. 
CON-TRA-VeN'ED, (kon-tra-veend') pp. Opposed; ob- 
structed. 

tJON-TRA-VKN'ER, n. One who opposes. 
CON-TRA-VeN'ING, ppr. Opposing in principle or effect. 
eON-TRA-VEN'TION, n. Opposition ; obstruction ; a de- 
feating of the operation or effect. 
eON-TRA-VER'SION, n. [L. contra and versio.] A turn- 
ing to the opposite side ; antistrophe. 
eON-TRA-YER'VA, n. [Sp.j The genus of plants dorste- 



€ON-TRE€-Ta'TION, n. [L. contrectatic] A touching oi 
handling. Ferrand. 

€ON-TRIB'U-TA-RY, a. Paymg tribute to the same sove- 
reign ; contributing aid to the same chief or principal. 

€0N-TRIB'TJTE, v. t. [L. contrihuo.] 1. To give or grant 
in common with others ; to give to a common stock, or for 
a common purpose ; to pay a share. 2. To impart a por- 
tion or share to a common purpose. 

€ON-TRIB'UTE, v i. To give a part ; to lend a portion of 
power, aid or influence ; to have a share in any act or 
effect. 

€ON-TRIB'TJ-TED, pp. Given or advanced to a common 
fund, stock or purpose ; paid as a share. 

€ON-TRIB'U-TING, ppr. Giving in common with others 
to some stock or purpose ; imparting a share. 

€ON-TRI-Bu'TION, n. 1. The act of giving to a common 
stock, or in common with others ; the act of lendmg a 
portion of power or influence to a common purpose ; the 
payment of each man's share of some common expense. 

2. That which is given to a common stock or purpose, 
either by an individual or by many. — 3. In a military 
sense, impositions paid by a frontier country, to secure 
themselves from being plundered by the enemy's army ; 
or impositions upon a country in the power of an enemy, 
which are levied under various pretenses. 

€ON-TRIB'U-TlVE, a. Tending to contribute; contrib- 
uting ;, having the power or quality of giving a portion of 
aid or influence ; lending aid to promote, in concurrence 
with others. 

€ON-TRIB'U-TOR, n. One who contributes; one who 
gives or pays money to a common stock or fund. 

€ON-TRIB'U-TO-RY, a. Contributmg to the same stock or 
purpose ; promoting the same end ; bringing assistance to 
some joint design, or increase to some common stock. 

t €ON-TRIS'TATE, v. t. [L. contristo.] To make sorrow- 
ful. Bacon. 

t €ON-TRIS-Ta'TION, n. The act of makmg sad. Bacon 

* eON'TRlTE, a. [L. contritus.] Literally, worn or bruis- 
ed. Hence, broken-hearted for sin ; deeply affected with 
grief and sorrow for having offended God ; humble ; peni- 
tent. 

*€ON'TRlTE-LY, a^y. In a contrite manner; with peni- 

* €ON'TRlTE-NESS, n. Deep sorrow and penitence for 
sin. 

€ON-TRl"TION, n. [L.ccntritio.] 1. The act of grmding or 
rubbing to powder. 2. Penitence ; deep sorrow for sin ; 
grief of heart for having offended an infinitely holy and 
benevolent God. 

€ON-TRlV'A-BLE, a. That may be contrived ; capable of 
being planned, invented, or devised^ 

€ON-TRlV'ANCE, n. 1. The act of inventuig, devising, 
or planning. 2. The thing invented or planned ; a 
scheme ; plan ; disposition of parts or causes by design. 

3. Artifice; plot; scheme. 

€ON-TRlVE', V. t. [Fr. controuver.'] 1. To invent; to de- 
vise ; to plan. 2. To wear out ; [0&5.] Spender. 

CON-TRlVE', v. i. To form or design ; to plan ; to scheme, 

CON-TRiV'ED, (kon- trivd') pp. Invented ; planned ; de- 
vised. 

€ON-TRlVE'MENT, 71. Contrivance; invention. 

CON-TRlV'ER, n. An inventor ; one who plans or devises ; 
a schemer. 

eON-TRIV'ING, ppr. Planning ; forming in design. 

€ON-TRoL', ) 71. [Fr. controlle.] 1. Primarily, a book, 

^€ON-TRoLL', \ register or account, kept to correct or 
check another account or register; a counter-register. 
Hence, check, restraint. 2. Power ; authority ; govern- 
ment ; command. 3. He or that which restrains. Burke. 

€ON-TRoL , )v.t. 1. To keep under check by a coun- 

€ON-TRoLL', \ ter-register or double account. 2. To 
check ; to restrain ; to govern. 3. To overpower ; to sub- 
ject to authority ; to counteract ; to have under command. 

4. To direct or govern in opposition; to have superior 
force or authority over. 

€ON-TRoLL'A-BLE, a. That may be controlled, checked 
or restrained ; subject to command. 

€ON-TRoLL'ED, (kon-trold') pp. Checked; restrained; 
governed. 

€ON-TRoLL'ER, n. FNorm. countre-rouler.] I. One who 
controls or restrains ; one that has the power or authority 
to govern or control. 2. An oflicer appointed to keep a 
counter-register of accounts, or to oversee, control or verify 
tlie accounts of other officers ; as, in Great Britain, the 
controller of the hanaper, of the household, of the pipe, and 
of the pells.— In the United States, the duty of the con- 
troller of the treasury is to superintend the adjustment 
and preservation of the public accounts. 

eON-TRoLL'ER-SHIP, n. The office of a controller. 

€ON-TRoL'MENT, J 71. 1. The power or act of control! 

€ON-TRoLL'MENT, \ ing ; the state of being restrained 
control ; restraint. 2. Opposition ; resistance ; counter 
action ; refutation. 

t €ON-TRO-VER'SA-RY, a. Disputatious. Bp. Hall. 



See Sijnopsis. A E, I, O, IJ, ^, long.— FMi, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD 



■f Obsolete. 



CON 



189 



CON 



\ eON'TRO-VERSE, n. and v. Controversy, and to dis- 
pute. 

t€ON'TRO-VERS-ER, or t€ON'TRO-VERS-OR, n. A 
disputant. Mountagu 

€ON-TRO-VER'SIAL, a. Relating to disputes j as, a con- 
troversial discourse, 

€ON-TRO-VER'SIAL-IST, n. One who cfirries on a con- 
troversy ; a disputant. 

t€ON'TRO-VER'SI-LESS, a. Not admitting controversy; 
questionless. 

eON'TRO-VER-SY, n. [L. coniroversia.] 1. Dispute ; de- 
bate ; agitation of contrary opinions. A dispute is com- 
monly oral, and a controversy in writing. Johnson. 2. A 
suit in law ; a case in which opposing parties contend for 
their respective claims before a tribunal. 3. Dispute; op- 
position carried on. 4. Opposition : resistance. 

€ON'TRO-VER-SY-WRlT'ER, n. A controversialist. 

€ON'TRO-VERT, v. t. [L. controverto.] To dispute ; to 
oppose by reasoning ; to contend against in words or writ- 
ings ; to deny, and attempt to disprove or confute ; to agi- 
tate contrary opinions. 

€ON'TRO-VERT-ED, pj). Disputed ; opposed in debate. 

€ON'TRO-VERT-ER, n. One who controverts ; a contro- 
versial writer. B. Jonson. 

eON-TRO-VERT'I-BLE, a. That may be disputed ; dis- 
putable ; not too evident to exclude ditterence of opm- 
ion. 

€ON'TRO-VERT-ING, ppr. Disputing ; denying, and at- 
temoting to refute. 

eON'TRO-VERT-IST, n. One who controverts ; a dispu- 
tant ; a man versed or engaged in controversy or disputa- 
tion. 

CON-TU-Ma'CIOUS, a. [L. contumax.] 1. Literally, 
swelling against ; haughty. Hence, obstinate ; perverse ; 
stubborn ; inflexible ; unyielding ; disobedient.— 2. In 
law, wilfiilly disobedient to the orders of a court. 

€0N-TU-Ma'CI0US-LY, adv. Obstinately; stubbornly; 
perversely ; in disobedience of orders. 

€ON-TU-Ma'CIOUS-NESS, n. Obstinacy; perverseness ; 
stubbornness : contumacy. 

€ON'TU-MA-CY, 71. [L. conttcmacia.] I. Stubbornness ; 
unyielding obstinacy ; inflexibility. — 2. In law, a wilful 
contempt and disobedience to any lawful summons or or- 
der of court. 
^€ON-TU-Me'LI-OUS, a. [L.contumeliosus.] 1. Haughti- 
ly reproachful ; contemptuous ; insolent ; rude and sar- 
castic. 2. Haughty and contemptuous ; disposed to utter 
ifcproach, or to insult; insolent; proudly rude. 3. Re- 
proachful ;_shameful ; ignominious. 

€ON-TU-Me'LI-OUS-LY, adv. In a contumelious manner ; 
with pride and contempt ; reproachfully ; rudely ; inso- 
lently. 

€ON-TU-Me'LI-OUS-NESS, 71. Reproach ; rudeness ; con- 
tempt. 

€0N'TU-ME-LY, n. [L contumelia.] Rudeness or re- 
proach compounded of haughtiness and contempt ; con- 
temptuousness ; insolence ; contemptuous language. 

t €ON-TU'MU-LATE, V. f . [1.. contumulo.] To bury; to 
lay in the grave. 

eON-TUND', V. t. [L. contundo.] To beat; to bruise by 
beating. [Little used.] 

€ON-TuSE', V. t. [L. contusus.] To beat ; to bruise ; to in- 
jure the flesh or substance of a living being or other thing 
without breaking the sliin or substance, sometimes with a 
breach of the skin or substance. 

eON-Tu'SION, 71. [L. contusio.] 1. The act of beating 
and bruising, or the state of being bruised. 2. The act 
of reducing to powder or fine particles by beating.— 3. In 
surgei-y, a bruise ; a hurt or injury to the flesJi or some 
part of the body by a blunt instrument, or by a fall. 

€0-NUN'DRUM, n. A low jest ; a mean conceit. 

t€ON'U-SA-BLE, a. Liable to be tried or judged. 

€ON'U-SANCE, n. [Fr. connoissance.] Cognizance ; knowl- 
edge ; notice. 

CON'CJ-SANT, a. Knowing ; having notice of. 

CON-VA-LES'CENCE, ) n. [L. convalesce] Renewal of 

€ON-VA-LES'CEN-CY, \ health ; the insensible recovery 
of health and strength after disease ; the state of a body 
renewing its vigor after sickness or weakness. 

eON-VA-LES'CENT, a. Recovering health and strength 
after sickness or debility. 

€0N-VAL'-LA-RY,7i. A genus of plants, convallaria. 

CON-VeN'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be convened or assem- 
bled. _2, Consistent; [obs.] Spenser. 

CON-YkNW,v. i. [Li. convenio.] 1. To come together ; to 
meet; to unite, as things; [unusual.] 2. To come to- 
gether ; to meet in the same place ; to assemble, as per- 
sons. _ 

CON-VeNE', v.t. 1. To cause to assemble ; to call togeth- 
er; to convoke. 2. To summon judicially to meet or 
appear. 

€ON-VeN'ED, (kon-veend') pp. Assembled ; convoked. 

€ON-VeN'ER, n. One who convenes or meets with others ; 
one who calls together. 



€0N-VeN'IENCE, In. [L. convenientia.] 1. Fitness, 

€ON-VeN'IEN-CY, \ suitableness ; propriety ; adaptation 
of one thing to another, or to circumstances. 2. Commo- 
diousness ; ease ; freedom from difiiculty. 3. That whicli 
gives ease ; accommodation ; that which is suited to 
wants_or necessity. 4. Fitness of time or place. 

€ON-VeN'IENT, a. Fit ; suitable ; proper ; adapted to use 
or to wants ; commodious. 

€ON-VeN'IENT-LY, adv. 1. Fitly ; suitably ; with adapt- 
ation to the end or eflect. 2. Commodiously ; with ease ; 
without trouble or difficulty. 

€ON-VeN'ING, ppr. Coming together ; calling together. 

€ON-VeN'ING, n. The act of coming together; conven- 
tion. 

CON'VENT, n. [L. conventus.] 1. An assembly of per- 
sons devoted to religion ; a body of monks or nuns. 2. A 
house for persons devoted to religion ; an abbey ; a mou- 
astery ; a nunnery. 

CON-VENT', V. t. [L. conventus.] To call before a judge or 
judicature. Shak. 

fCON-VENT', 7J. i. To meet; to concur. 

* €ON-VENT'I-CLE, n. [L. conventiculum.] 1. An as- 
sembly or meeting ; usually applied to a meeting of dis- 
senters from the established church, for religious worship. 
Hence, an assembly, in contempt. — In the United States, 
this word has no appropriate application. 2. A secret as- 
sembly or cabal ; a meeting for plots. 

* CON-VENT'I-CLE, v. i. To belong to a conventicle. 

* eON-VENT'I-CLER, n. One who supports or frequents 

conventicles. Dry den. 

€ON-VEN'TION, 71. [L. conventix).] 1. The act of coming 
together; a meeting of several persons or individuals. 2. 
Union; coalition. 3. An assembly. In this sense the 
word includes any formal meeting or collection of men for 
civil or ecclesiastical pui-poses. 4. An agreement or con- 
tract between two parties, as between the commanders of 
two annips ; an agreement previous to a definitive treaty. 

eON-VEN'TION-AL, a. [Fr. conventionnel.] Stipulated ; 
formed by agreement. 

€ON-VEN'TI0N-A-RY, a. Acting under contract ; settled 
by stipulation ; conventional. 

CON-VEN'TION-ER, 71. One who belongs to a convention. 

CON-VEN'TION-IST, n. One who makes a contract. 

€ON-VENT'U-AL, a. [Fr. conventuel.] Belonging to a 
convent ; monastic. 

€ON-VENT'U-AL, n. One that lives in a convent ; a monk 
or nun. Addison. 

C0N-VER6E', (kon-verj') v. i. [Low L. convergo.] To 
tend to one point ; tc incline and approach nearer togeth- 
er, as two lines which continually approach each other ; 
opposed to diverge. 

€0N-VER0'ENCE, ) n. The quality of converging ; ten- 

CON-VERG'EN-CY , \ dency to one point. 

C0N-VER6'ENT, a. Tending to one point ; approaching 
each other, as they proceed or are extending. 

CON-VERG'ING, ppr. Tending to one point ; approaching 
each other, as lines extended. — Converging rays, in optics, 
those rays of light, which, proceeding from different 
points of an object, approach, meet and cross, and become 
diverging rays. — Converging series, in mathematics, is 
that in which the magnitude of the several terms gradual- 
ly diminishes. Encyc. 

€ON-VERS'A-BLE, a. [It. conversabile ; Fr. conversalU.] 
Q-ualified for conversation, or rather disposed to converse ; 
ready or inclined to mutual communication of thoughts ; 
sociable ; free in discourse. 

CON-VERS'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being free in 
conversation ; disposition or readiness to converse ; socia 
bility. 

eON-VERS'A-BLY, adv. In a conversable manner. 

* CON'VER-SANT, a. [It. conversante.] 1. Keeping com- 
pany ; having frequent or customary intercourse ; inti- 
mately associating ; familiar by fellowship or cohabita- 
tion ; acquainted. 2. Acquainted by familiar use or 
study. 3. Concerning ; having concern or relation to ; 
having for its object. 

CON-VER-Sa'TION., n. 1. General course of manners ; be- 
havior; deportment; especially as it respects morals. 2 
A keeping company ; familiar intercourse ; intimate fellow- 
ship or association ; commerce in social life. 3. Intimate 
and familiar acquaintance. 4. Familiar discourse ; gen- 
eral intercourse of sentiments ; chat ; unrestrained talk , 
opposed to a formal conference. 

t CON-VER-Sa'TIONED, a. Acquainted with the manner 
of acting in life. 

CON-VER-Sa'TION-IST, 71. One who distinguishes him- 
self in conversation. A modern word. 

eON-VERS'A-TlVE, a. Relating to an intercourse witn 
men. ^ 

CON-VER-SA-ZI-o'NE, n. [It.] A meeting of company. 
Gray. 

CON-VERSE', (kon-vers') v. i. [L. conversor.] 1. To keep 
company ; to associate ; to cohabit ; to hold intercourse 
and be intimately acijuainted. 2. To have sexual 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in <Ai5 t Obsolete 



CON 



190 



CON 



commerce. 3 To talk familiarly ; to have free inter- 
course In mutual cominunication of tlaougJits and opin- 
ions ; to convey thoughts reciprocally. 

CON' Verse, n. l. Coiiversation ; familiar discourse or 
talk ; free interchange of thoughts or opmions. 2. Ac- 
quainLcLTice by frequent or customary intercourse ; cohabi- 
tation ; familiarly. — 3. In mathematics, an opposite prop- 
osition. 

€!0N' VERSE, a. Opposite or reciprocal. 

CON'VERSE-LY, adv. With change of order ; in a con- 
trary order ; reciprocally. 

eOX-VER'SION, n. [L. coiiversio.'] 1. Im. general sense, 
a turning or change frour one state to another ; with re- 
gard to substances, transmutation. — 2. In military affairs, 
a change of front, as when a body of troops is attacked in 
the flank, and they change their position to face the ene- 
my. — 3. In a theoLoffical or moral sense, a change of heart, 
or dispositions, succeeded by a refonnation of life. 4. 
Change from one side or party to another. 5. A cnange 
from one religion to another. 6. The act of appropriating 
10 private use. — Conversion of equations, in algebra, the 
reduction of equations by multiplication, or the manner 
of altering an equation, when the quantity sought, or any 
memlx^r of it, is a fraction ; the reducing of a fractional 
equation into an integral one. — Conversion of propositions, 
in logic, is a changing of the subject into the place of the 
predicate, and still retaining the quality of the proposi- 
tion. — Conversion of the ratios, m arithmetic, is the com- 
paring of the antecedent with the difference of the ante- 
cedent and consequent, in two equal ratios or proportions. 

t eON-VERSTVE, a. Conversable. 

eON-VERT', V. t. [L. converto.] 1. To change or turn into 
another substance or fonn. 2, To change from one state 
to another. 3. To change or turn from one religion to 
another, or from one party or sect to another. 4. To turn 
from a bad life to a good one ; to change the heart and 
moral character, from enmity to God, and from vicious 
habits, to love of God and to a holy life. 5. To turn to- 
ward a point ; [unusual.'] 6. To "turn from one use or 
destination to another. 7. To appropriate or apply to 
one's own use, or to personal benefit. 8. 1 o change'one 
proposition into another, so that what was the subject of 
the first becomes the predicate of the second. 9. To turn 
into another language. 

eON-VERT', V. i. To turn or be changed ; to undergo a 
change. 

CONVERT, n. 1. A person who is converted from one 
opinion or practice tc another ; a person who renounces 
one creed, religious system or party, and embraces an- 
other. 2. In a more strict sense, one who is turned fi-om 
sin to holiness. — 3. In monasteries, a lay-friar or brother, 
admitted to the service of the house, without orders, and 
not allowed to sing in the choir. 

CON-VERT'ED, pp. Turned or changed from one substance 
or state to another ; turned from one religion or sect to an- 
other ; changed from a state of sin to a state of holiness ; 
applied to a particular use : appropriated. 

CON-VERT'ER, n. One who converts 3 one who makes 
converts. 

eON-VERT-I-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. The quality of being possible 
to be converted or changed from one substance, form or 
state to ancther. Burke. 2. The quality of being change- 
able from one letter to another. 

CON-VERT'I-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. That may be changed ; sus- 
ceptible of change ; transmiitabte ; transformable. 2. So 
much alike that one may be used for another. 3. That 
may be changed, as one letter for another. 

CON-VERT'I-BLY, adv. Reciprocally ; with interchange of 
terms. 

tCOxVVERT-lTE, 71. A convert. 

CON'VEX, a. [L. convexus.l Rising or swelling on the ex- 
terior surface into a spherical or round fonn ; gibbous ; 
opposed to concave, which expresses a round form of the 
interior surface. 

CON'VEX, n. A convex body 5 as, heaven's convex. 

eON'VEXED, a. Made convex : protuberant in a spherical 
form. 

CON-VEX'ED-LY, adv. In a convex form. 

CON-VEX'I-TY, ?i. [L. convexitas.^, The exterior surface 
of a convex body ; a gibbous or globular form ; roundness. 

CON'VEX-LY, a'dv In a convex form. 

CON'VEX-NESS, n. Convexity, which see. 

CON-VEX '0-€ON'€AVE, a. Convex on one side and con- 
cave on the other ; having the hollow on the inside cor- 
responding to tlie convex surface. 

CON-VEX'6-CON'VEX, a. Convex on both sides. 

CON-VEY', V. t. [L, conveho.] 1. To carry, bear or trans- 
port, either by land or water, or in air. 2. To pass or 
cause to pass ; to transmit. 3. To transfer ; to pass a title 
to any thing from one pereon to another, as by deed, as- 
signment or otherwise. 4. To cause to pass ; to transmit ; 
to carry, by any medium. 5. To manage ; to cany on ; 
[not used.] 6. To impart ; to communicate. 

t CON-VEY', V. i. To play the thief. Shak. 



CON-VEY'A-BLE, a. That may be conveyed or transferred 

Burke. 

CON-VEY' ANCE, n. 1. The act of conveying ; the act of 
bearing, carrying, or transporting, by land or water, or 
through any medium. 2. The act of transmitting, or 
transferring, as titles, estates or claims, from one person to 
another ; transmission ; transferrence ; assignment. 3. 
The instrument or means of passing a thing from place to 
place, or person to person. 4. Removal ; the act of remov- 
ing or carrying. 5. Management ; artifice ; secret prac- 
tices ; [ois.] 

CON-VEY'AN-CER, 71. One whose occupation is to draw 
conveyances of property, deeds, &:c. 

CON-VEY' AN-CING, n. The act or practice of drawing 
deeds, leases or other writings for transferring the title t.» 
property from one person to another. 

CON-VEY'ER, n. 1. One who conveys; he or that whicl/ 
conveys, carries, transports, transmits or transfers from 
one person or place to another. 2. A juggler. 

GON-VEY'ING, ppr. Carrying; transporting; transferring. 

CON-VI-CTN'I-TY, 71. Neighborhood ; vicinity. War ion. 

CON-VICT', V. t. [L. convinco, convictJim.~\ 1. To deter- 
mine the truth of a charge against one ; to prove or find 
guilty of a crime charged ; to determine or decide to be 
guilty. 2. To convince of sin ; to prove or determine to 
be guilty, as by the conscience. 3. To confute ; to prove 
or show to be false ; [obs.] 4. To show by proof or evi- 
dence ; [obs.] 

CON-VICT', pp. for convicted. Proved or found guilty. 
Shak. 

CON'VICT, 71. A person proved or found guilty of a crime 
alledged against him, either by the verdict of a jury or 
other legal decision. 

CON-VICT'ED, pp. Proved or determined to be guilty, 
either by verdict of a jury or by the decision of con- 
science. 

CON-VICT'ING, ppr. Proving or finding guilty. . 

CON-VICTION, 71. 1. The act of proving, finding or de- 
termining to be guilty of an offense charged against a per- 
son before a legal tribunal. 2. The act of convincing, or 
compelling one to admit the truth of a charge ; the act of 
convincing of sin or sinfulness ; the state of being con- 
vinced or convicted by conscience ; the state of being sen- 
sible of guilt. 3. The act of convincing of error ; confuta- 
tion , the act of compelling one to acknowledge his error, 
Of the truth of what is alledged. 

CON-VICT'IVE, a. Having the power to convince or con- 
vict. 

CON-VIC'TIVE-LY, adv. In a convincing manner. 

CON-VINCE', V. t. [L. co7ivinco.] 1. To persuade or satisfy 
the mind by evidence ; to subdue the opposition of the 
mind to truth, or to what is alledged, and compel it to 
yield its assent. 2. To convict ; to prove guilty ; to con- 
strain one to admit or acknowledge himself to be guilty. 
3. To evince ; to prove ; [obs.] Shak. 4. To overpower ; 
to surmount ; to vanquish ; [obs.] Shak. 

CON-VIN'CED, (kon-vinsf) pp. Persuaded in mind ; satis- 
fied with evidence ; convicted. 

CON-VINCE'MENT, 71. Conviction. [Little used.] 

CON-VIN'CER, n. He or that which convinces ; tiiat which 
makes manifest. 

CON-VIN'CI-BLE, a. 1. Capable of conviction. 2. Capable 
of being disproved or refuted; [little used.] 

CON-VIN'CING, ppr. 1. Persuading the mind by evidence ; 
convicting. 2. a. Persuading the mind by evidence ; ca- 
pable of subduing the opposition of the mind and compel- 
ling its assent. 

CON-VIN'CING-LY, adv. In a convincing manner ; in a 
manner to leave no room to doubt, or to compel assent. 

CON-VIN'CING-NESS, 71. The power of convincmg. 

t CON-Vi"TIOUS, a. [L. convitior.] Reproachful. 

t CON- VIVE', V. t. To entertain ; to feast. Shak. 

CON-VIV'I-AL, a. [L. convivalis.] Relating to a feast or 
entertainment ; festal ; social ; jovial. 

CON-VIV-I-AL'I-TY, 71. 1. The good humor or mirth in- 
dulj^ed at an entertainment. 2. A convivial spirit or dis- 
position. 

CON'VO-CATE, V. t. [L. convoco.] To convoke ; to call or 
summon to meet ; to assemble by summons. 

CON-VO-Ca'TION, n. [L. cojivocatio.] 1. The act of call- 
ing or assembling by summons. 2. An assembly. — 3. In 
England, an assembly of the clergy, by their representa- 
tives, to consult on ecclesiastical affairs. 4. An acca- 
demical assembly, in which the bushiess of the university 
is trarisacted . 

CON-VoKE', V. t. [L. convoco.] To call together; to sum- 
mon to meet ; to assemble by summons. 

CON-VoK'ED, (kon-vokf) pp. Summoned or assembled by 
order._ 

CON-VoK'ING, ppr. Summoning to convene ; assembling 

CON VO-LUTE, I a. Rolled together, or one part on an 

CON'VO-LTJ-TED, ( other. 

CON-VO-LtJ'TION, n. [L. coiwolutio.] 1. The act of roll- 
ing or winding together, or one thing on another ; the 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ,— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



coo 



191 



COP 



state of being rolled together. 2. A winding or twisting ; 
a winding motion. 

eON-VOLVE', (kon-volv') v. t. [L, convnlvo.] To roll or 
wind together ; to roll one part on another. 

eON-VOLV'U-LUS, n. [L.] Bindweed, a genus of plants 
of many species. 

€ON-VOY', V. t. [Fr. convoyer.] To accompany on the way 
for protection, either by sea or land. 

€ON'VOY, n. 1. A protecting force accompanying ships or 
property on their way from place to place, either by sea 
or land. By sea, a ship oi ships of war which accompany 
merchantmen for protection from an enemy. By land, 
any body of troops which accompany provisions, ammu- 
nition or other property for protection. 2. The ship or 
ileet conducted and protected ; that which is conducted 
by a protecting force ; that which is convoyed. 2. The 
act of attending for defense. 4. Conveyance ; [ohs.] 
Shak, 

CON-VOY'ED, (kon-voyd') pp. Attended on a passage by a 
protecting force. 

eON-VOY'IN.G, ppr. Attending on a voyage or passage for 
defense from enemies ; attending and guarding. 

,€ON-VULSE', (kon-vuls') v. t. [L. convalsiis.] 1. To draw 
or contract, as the muscular parts of an animal body ; to 
affect by irregular spasms. 2, To shake ; to affect by vio- 
lent, irregular action. 

€ON-VULS'ED, (kon-vulsf) pp. Contracted by spasms j 
shaken violently. 

€ON-VULS'ING, ppr. Affecting by spasmodic contractions ; 
shaking with violence. 

eO>f-VUL'SION, ?t. [L. coiwulsio.] 1. A preternatural, 
violent and involuntary contraction of the muscular parts 
of an animal body. 2. Any violent and irregular motion ; 
tumult; commotion, 

€ON-VUL'SIVE, a. 1. That produces convulsion. 2. At- 
tended with convulsion or spasms. 

eON-VUL'SIVE-LY, adv. With violent shaking or agita- 
tion. 

*€o'NY, or * eo'NEY, n. [D. Jconyn.] A rabbit ; a quad- 
ruped of the genus lepus, which has a short tail and naked 
ears. 

*€o'KT-BUR-IloW, n. A place where rabbits burrow in 
the earth. 

*€o'NY-€ATCH, v.i. In the cant of thieves, to cheat ; to 
bite ; to trick. Shak. 

t * €o'NY-€ATCH'ER, n. A thief; a cheat ; a sharper. 

t * €o'NY-€ATCH'ING, n. Banter. Shak 

eOO, V, i. To cry, or make a low souna, as pigeons or doves. 
Thomson. 

COO'ING, ppr. Uttering a low sound, as a dove. 

€00'ING, n. Invitation, as the note of tlie dove. 

€OOK, V. t, [Sax. gecocnian ; D. kooken.] 1. To prepare, 
as victuals for the table, by boiling, roasting, baking, broil- 
ing, &c. To dress, as meat or vegetables, for eating. 2. 
To prepare for any purpose. 3. To throw ; [obs. or local.] 
Grose. 

COOK, V. i. To make the noise of the cuckoo. 

COOK, n. [Sax. coc ; D. kok.] One whose occupation is to 
prepare victuals for the table ; a man or woman who 
dresses meat or vegetables for eating. 

COOKED, pp. Prepared for tlie table. 

COOK'ER-Y, n. The art or the practice of dressing and pre- 
paring victuals for the table. 

COOK'ING, ppr. Preparing victuals for the table. 

C06K'MaID, n. A female servant or maid who dresses 
provisions. 

COOK'ROOM, n. A room for cookery ; a kitchen. On 
ijo'ard of ships, a galley or caboose. 

COOL, a. [Sax. col.] 1. Moderately cold ; being of a tem- 
perature between hot and cold. 2. Not ardent or zealous ; 
not angry ; not fond ; not excited by passion of any kind ; 
iodifferent. 3. Not hasty ; deliberate ; calm. 4. Not re- 
taining heat ; light. 

COOL, 71. A moderate state of cold ; moderate temperature 
of the air between liot and cold. 

COOL, V. t. [Sax. coUan, acolian.] 1. To allay heat ; to 
make cool or cold : to reduce the temperature of a sub- 
stance. 2. To moderate excitement of temper ; to allay, 
i),3 passion of any kind ; to calm, as anger ; to abate, as 
love ; to moderate, as desire, zeal or ardor ; to render in- 
different. 

COOL, v. i. 1. To become less hot ; to lose heat. 2. To 
lose the heat of excitement or passion ; to becoine less ar- 
dent, angry, zealous, or affectionate ; to become more 
moderate.. 

COOL-CUP, n. A beverage that is cooling. 

COOLED, 2)p. Made less hot, or less ardent. 

COOL'ER, n. 1. That which cools ; any substance which 
abates heat or excitement. 2. A vessel in which liquors 
or other things are cooled. 

COOIi'-HEAD-ED, a. Having a temper not easily excited ; 
free from passion. Burke. 

COOL'ING, ppr. Abating heat or excitement ; making or 
becoming cool. 



COOL'ISH, a. Somewhat cool. Goldsmith. 

COOL'LY, adv. 1. Without heat or sharp cold. 2. In a cool 
or indifferent manner ; not cordially ; without passion or 
ardor. 3. Without haste ; calmly ; deliberately. 

COOL'NESS, n. 1. A moderate degree of cold ; a tempera- 
ture between cold and heat. 2. A moderate degree, or a 
want of passion ; want of ardor or zeal ; indifference ; 
want of affection ; as, they paned with coolness. 

COOM, n. [Fr, camhouis.] Soot that gathers over an oven's 
mouth ; also, the matter that works out of the naves or 
boxes of carriage wheels. 

COOMB, or COMB, n. [qu. L. cumulus.] A ^ty measure of 
four bushels, or half p. quarter. 

COOP, n. [D. kuip.] 1. A box of boards, grated or barred 
on one side, for keeping fowls in conhnement. 2. A pen ; 
an inclosed place for small animals. 3. A barrel or cask 
for the preservation of liquors. 4. A tumbrel or close cart. 

COOP, V. t. To put in a coop ; to confine iji a coop ; to sJuit 
up or confine in a narrow compass. 

COOPED, pp. Shut up in a coop ; confined to narrow limits. 

COOP'ER, n. One whose occupation is to make barreis, 
hogsheads, butts, tubs and casks of various kinds. 

COOP'ER-AGE, n. The price paid for cooper's work ; also, 
a place where cooper's work is done. 

CO-OP'ER-ANT, a. Working together ; laboring to the same 
end. Bp. J^icholson. 

CO-OP'ER-ATE, V. i. [L. con and opero ; Fr. cooperer.] 

1. To act or operate jomtly with another or others to the 
same end ; to work or labor with mutual efforts to pro- 
mote the same object. 2. To act together ; to concur ni 
proaucing the same effect. 

CO-OP'ER-A-TING, ppr. Acting or operating together. 

CO-OP-ER-A'TION, 71. The act of working, or operating 
together, to one end ; j oint operation ; concurrent effort 
or labor. 

CO-OP'ER-A-TlVE, a. Operating jointly to the same end. 

€0-0P'ER-A-T01l, 71. One who endeavors jointly with 
others to promote the same end. 

COO'PIE. See Coupee. 

)- CO-OP'TATE, v.t. [L. coopto.] To choose, or choose 
with another. 

CO-OP-Ta'TI ON, 7J. Adoption; assumption. Howell. 

CO-OR'DI-NATE, a. [L, con and ordinatus.] Being of 
equal order, or of the same rank or degree ; not subordi- 
nate, 

CO-OR'DI-NATE-LY, adv. In the same order or rank ; in 
equal degree ; without subordination. 

C0-0R'DI-NATE-NESS,7/. The state of being co-ordinate ; 
equality of rank and aufhority. 

CO-OR-DI-Na'TION,?!, The state of holding equal rank, 
or of standing in the same relation to something higher. 

COOT, n. [D. kort,] A fowl of the gunasf tUica, frequent- 
ing lakes and other still waters. 

COP, n. [Sax. cop, or copp.} The head or top of a thing, a.s 
in cob-castle for cop-castle, a-castle on a hill ; a tuft on the 
head of birds. Chancer. 

CO-PaI'BA, n. [Sp,, Port.] Balsam of copaiba, or capivi, 
is a liquid, resinous juice, flowing from incisions made in 
the stem of a tree called copaifera officinalis. 

Co'PAL, 71. [Mexican, copalli.] The concrete juice of a tree 
growing in Mexico. 

CO-PAR'CE-NE-RY, n. Partnership in inheritance ; joint 
heirship ; joint right of succession, or joint succession to 
an estate of inheritance, 

CO-PAR'CE-NER, n. [con and parcener.] A coheir ; one 
who has an equal portion of the inheritance of his or her 
ancestor with others. 

CO-PAR'CE-N Y, n. An equal share of an inheritance. 

t CO-PART'MENT, n. The same as compartment. 

CO-PART'NER, n. [con and partner.] 1. One who has a 
share in a common stock for transacting business, or who 
is jointly concerned with one or more persons, in carrying 
on trade or other business ; a partner ; an associate, par- 
ticularly in trade or manufactures. 2. A sharer ; a par- 
taker. 

CO-PART'NER-SHIP, n. 1. Joint concern in business ; a 
state of having a joint share in a common stock, or a joitit 
interest and concern in business, particularly in trade ana 
manufactures. 2. The persons who have a joint concerr). 

t €Z) PA-TAN, n. High raised ; pointed. Shak. 

CO-PA Y'VA, n. A gum which distils from a tree in Brazil. 

COPE, w. [W. cdb ; Sax. cwppc] 1. A cover for the head, 

2. A .sacerdotal ornament or vestment worn in sacred 
ministrations. 3. Any thing spread or extended over tho 
head ; the arch or concave of the sky ; the roof or cover- 
ing of a house ; the arch over a door, <&c. 4. An ancient 
tribute due to the king or lord of the soil, out of the lead 
mines in some part of Derbyshire. 

COPE, V. t. I. To cover as with a cope. .Addison. 2 To 
pare the beak or talons of a hawk. Bailey. 3. To em- 
brace ; [obs.] Shak. 

COPE, V. i. [Dan. kiv.] 1. To strive or contend on equal 
terms, or with equal strength ; to equal in cam bat ; lo 
match ; to oppose with success. Addison. 2. To conteiiJ ; 



Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UMTE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CII as SH ; Til as in this, f Obsolete 



COP 



192 



COR 



lo strive or struggle ; to comhat. 3. To encounter ; to in- 
terchange kindness or sentjiuent's 4. To make return; 
10 reward j [obs.] 5. To exchange, or barter; lobs.] 
Bailey. 

r €oPE'MAN, n. A chapman Shak. 

eO-PER'>fI-€AN, a. Pertaining to Copernicus. 

* eoPES'MATE, n. A companion or friend. 

eOP'IED, pp. Taken off; written or transcribed from an 
original or form ; imitated. 

eOPH-ER, or €OP^-JST, n. One who copies ; one who 
writes or transcribes from an original or form; a tran- 
scriber ; an imitator ; also, a plagiary. 

€oP'INO, 71. The top or cover of a wall, made sloping to 
carry off the water. 

€o'Pl OUS, a. [Fr. copienx ; L. copiosus.] 1. Abundant ; 
plentiful ; in great quantities ; full ; ample ; furnishing 
full supplies. 2. Furnishing abundant matter; not bar- 
ren ; rich in supplies. 

€o'PI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Abundantly ; plentifully ; in large 
quantities. 2. Largsly ; fully ; amply ; diffusely. 

€o'PI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Abundance ; plenty ; great quanti- 
ty ; full supply. 2. Diffusiveness of style or manner of 
treating a subject. 

€o'PIST, n. A copier ; an ill-formed word. 

€OP'LAND, 71. A piece of ground tenninating in a cop, or 
acute angle. [JVut used in .America.] 

t€0-PLANT', V. t. I'o plant together. Howel. 

t eO-PoR'TION, n. Equal share. Spenser. 

eOP'PED, or eOP'PLED, a. Rising to a point, or head. 

eOP'PEL. See Cupel. 

COP'PER, n. [D. koper ; G. Jcupfer ; Sw. koppar.] A metal, 
of a pale-red color, tinged with yellow. Next to gold, sil- 
ver and platina, it is the most ductile and malleable of the 
metals, and it is more elastic than any metal except steel, 
and the most sonorous of all the metals. 

COP'PER, a. Consisting of copper. Cleaveland. 

COP'PER, 71. 1. A vessel made of copper, particularly a 
large boiler. 2. Formerly, a small copper coin. Franklin. 

COP'PER, V. t. To cover or sheathe with sheets of copper. 

eOP'PER-AS, n. [Ft. couperose.] Sulphate of iron, or green 
vitriol ; a salt of a peculiar astringent taste, and of various 
colors, green, gray, yellowish, or whitish, but more usu- 
ally green. 

COP'PER-BOT'TOMED, a. Having a bottom sheathed with 
copper. 

eOP'PERED, pp. Covered with sheets of copper ; sheathed. 

COP'PER-FAST'ENED, a. Fastened with copper bolts. 

eOP'PER-ISH, a. Containing copper ; like copper, or par- 
taking of it. 

€OP'PER-NOSE, n. A red nose. Shak. 

eOP'PER-PLATE, 71. A plate of copper, on which concave 
lines are engraved or corroded, according to some deline- 
ated figure or design. 

COPTER-SMITH, n. One whose occupation is to manufac- 
ture copper utensils. 

COP'PER- Work, 71. A place where copper is wrought or 
manufactured. Woodward. 

COP'PER-WoRM, n. A little worm in ships ; a worm that 
frets garments ; a worm that breeds in one's hand. 

COP'PER-Y, a. Mixed with copper ; containing copper, or 
made of copper; like copper in taste or smell. 

COPTING. See Coping. 

COPPICE, or COPSE, n. [Norm, coupii.} A wood of small 
growth, or consisting of underwood or brushwood ; a 
wood cut at certain times for fuel. 

COPTLED, a. Rising to a point ; conical. 

eOP'PLE-DUST, 7!. Powder used in purifying metals. 

COP'PLE-STONES, n. Lumps and fragments of stone 
broke from the adjacent cliffs, rounded liy being bowled 
and tumbled to and again by the action of water. John- 
son. — In JVew England, we pronounce this word cobble, 
cobble-stones, and apply it to small, round stones, from 
the size of an inch or two, to five or six inches or more, 
in diameter, wherever they may be found. 

COPSE. See Coppice. 

COPSE, V. t. To preserve underwood. Swift. 

COP'SY, a. Having copses. Dyer. 

COPTIC, a. Pertaining to the descendants of the ancient 
Egyptians, called Copts or Cophti. 

COPTIC, n. The language of the Copts. 

€OP'U-LA, n. [L.] In logic, the word which unites the 
subject and predicate of a proposition. 

COP'LJ-LATE, a. Joined. [Little used.] 

COP'U-LATE, V. t. [L. copulo.] To unite ; to join in pairs. 
[Little used.] 

COP'U-LATE, v.L To unite in sexual embrace. 

€OP-U-La'TION, n. [L. copulatio.] The act of coupling ; 
the embrace of the sexes in the act of generation ; coition. 

eOP'U-LA-TlVE, a. That unites or couples.— In grammar, 
the copulative conjunction connects two or more subjects 
or predicates. 

eOP'U-LA-TIVE, n. 1. A copulative conjunction. 2. 
Connection ; [not in use.] 

COP'Y, 71. [Fr copie ; Arm. copy.] 1. A writing like an- 



other writing ; a transcript from an original , or a book 
printed according to the original ; hencf , any single book, 
or set of books, containing a composition resembling the 
original work. 2. The form of a pictme or statue accord- 
ing to the original ; the imitation or likeness of any figure 
draught, or almost any object. 3. An original work ; the 
autograph ; the archetype ; that which is to be imitated m 
writing or printing ; a pattern or example for imitation. 
4. [L. copia.] Abundance ; [obs.] 

COP'x , V. t. 1. To write, print or engrave, according to an 
original ; to form a like work or composition by writing, 
printing or engraving ; to transcribe. 2. To paint or draw 
according to an original. 3. To form according to a mod- 
el, as in architecture. 4. To imitate or attempt to resem- 
ble ; to follow an original or pattern in manners or course 
of life. 

COP'Y, V. i. To imitate or endeavor to be like ; to do any 
thing in imitation of something else. 

COP'Y-BOOK, n. A book in which copies are written or 
printed for learners to imitate. 

COP'YED, pp. Transcribed ; imitated ; usually written 
copied. 

COP'Y-ER, n. One who copies or transcribes ; usually writ- 
ten copier. 

COP'Y-HoLD, n. In England, a tenure of estate by copy 
of court roll ; or a tenure for which the tenant hath noth- 
ing to show, except the roils made by the steward of the 
lord's court. Blackstone. 

COP'Y-HoLD-ER, n. One who is possessed of land in 
copyhold. 

COP'Y-IST, n. A copier ; a transcriber. 

COP'Y-RlGHT, n. The sole right which an author has in 
his own original literary compositions ; the exclusive right 
of an author to print, publish and vend his own literaiy 
works, for his own benefit; the like right in the hands 
of an assignee. 

CO-Q.UAL'LIN, n. A small quadruped of the squirrel kind, 
but incapable of climbing trees. 

CoOUE'LI-COT, or CoaUE'LI-CO, (koke'le-co) n. [Fr.] 
Wild poppy ; corn rose ; hence, the color of wild poppy. 

*CO-GUET', or CO-ClUETTE', (ko-kef, or ko-quet') n. 
[Fr.] A vain, airy, triiiing girl, who endeavors to attract 
admiration and advances in love, from a desire to gratify 
vanity, and then rejects her lover ; a jilt. 

* CO-Q.'UET', V. t. To attempt to attract notice, admiration 
or love, from vanity , to entertain with compliments and 
amorous tattle ; to "treat with an appearance of amorous 
tenderness. 

* CO-aUET', V. i. To trifle in love ; to act the lover from 
vanity ; to endeavor to gain admirers. 

* CO-QUET'ISH, a. Practicing coquetry. 

* Co'aUET-RY, 71. [Fr. coquetterie.] Attempts to attract 
admiration, notice or love, from vanity ; affectation of 
amorous advances ; trifling in love. 

■f COR, 71. The measure of a pottle. 

COR'A-CLE, n. [W. cwrw^le.] A boat used in Wales by 
fishermen , made by covering a wicker frame with leather 
or oil-cloth. 

€0R'A-COID, n. A small, sharp process of the scapula, 
shaped like a crow's beak. 

COR'A-COID, a. Shaped ILke a beak. Buckland. 

COR'AL, 71. [L. corallium.] 1. In zoology, a genus belong- 
ing to the order of vermes zoophyta. The trunk is radi- 
cated, jointed and calcarious. 2. A piece of coral worn 
by children about their necks. 

COR'AL, a. Made of coral; resembling coral. 

COR'AL-TREE, n. A genus of plants, erythrina, of several 
species, natives of Africa and America. They are all 
shrubby, flowering plants, adorned chiefly with trifoliate 
or three-lobed leaves, and scarlet spikes of papilionaceous 
flowers. 

COR'AL- WoRT, n. A genus of plants, dentaria. 

COR-AL-La'CEOUS, a. Like coral, or partaking of its 
qualities. 

COR'AL-LI-FORM, a. Resembling coral ; forked and 
crooked. Kirwan. 

COR'AL-LINE, a. Consisting of coral; like coral; con- 
taining coral. 

COR'AL-LINE, n. A submarine plant-like body, consist- 
ing of many slender, jointed branches. 

COR'AL-LIN-iTE, n. A fossil polypier or coralline. 

COR'AL-LlTE, n. A mineral substance or petrifaction, in 
the form of coral ; or a fossil polypier, larger than a cor 
allinite. Kirwan. 

COR'AL-LOID, or COR-AL-LOID'AL, a. [coral, and tih?.] 
Having the form of coral ; branching like coral. 

COR'AL-LOID, 71. Eschara or homwrack, a species of cor- 
alline. 

CO-RANT', 71. [Fr. courant.] A lofty, sprightly dance 
Temple. 

CORE, 71. [L. corbis.] 1. A basket used in coaleries. 2 
An ornament in a building. 

CORB'AN, n. [L. corbis.] I. In Jewish antiquity, an offer- 
ing which had life ; an animal offered to God ; in opposi. 



* See Synopsis. A, E I, O, U, Y, long.—FA^, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete 



COR 



193 



COR 



tion to the minclia^ which was an offering without life. 
2. An alms-basket ; a vessel to receive gifts of charity ; a 
gift ; an alms ; a treasury of the church, where offerings 
are deposited. — 3. Among Mohammedans^ a ceremony 
performed at the foot of mount Arafat in Arabia, near 
Mecca. It consists in killing a number of sheep, and dis- 
tributing them among the poor. 

t €ORBE, a. [Fr. courbe.] Crooked. Spenser, 

eORB'EIL, n. [Fr. corbeille.] 1. In fortification, a little 
basket, to be filled with earth, and set upon a parapet, to 
shelter men from the fire of besiegers. 

eORB'EL, n. 1. In architecture, the representation of a 
basket, sometimes set on the heads of caryatides. 2. The 
vase or tambour of the Corinthian column ; so called from 
Its resemblance to a basket. 

€ORB'EL, 71. 1. A short piece of timber in a wall, jutting 
six or eight inches, ip the manner of a shoulder-piece 
2. A niche or hollow left in walls for images, figures or 
statues. 

t eOR'BY, n A raven. 

€ORCE'LET, or €ORSE'LET, (kors'let) n. [Fr. corselet.] 
In natiLral history, that part of winged insects, which an- 
swers to the breast of other animals. 

€OR'€ULE, or €011 '€LE, ??. [L. corculum.'] In botany, 
the heart of the seed, or rudiment of a future plant. 

€ORD, n. [W. cord; Fr. corde.] 1. A string, or small rope, 
composed of several strands twisted together. 2. A quan- 
tity of wood, or other material, originally measured with 
a cord or line. The cord is a pile containing 128 cubic 
feet ; or a pile eight feet long, four feet high, and four 
feet broad. 3. In Scripture, the cords of the wicked are 
the snares witli which they catch the unwary. 

€ORi), V. t. I. To bind with a cord or rope ; to fasten with 
cords. 2. To pile wood or other material for measure- 
ment and sale by the cord. 

€ORD'MA-KER, n. One whose occupation is to make 
ropes ; but, in America, called rope-maker. 

eORD'WOQD, n. Wood cut and piled for sale by the cord, 
in distinction from long wood ; properly, wood cut to the 
length of four feet. 

€0RD'A6E, n. [Sp. cordage ; Fr. id.'] All sorts of cords or 
ropes used in the running rigging of a ship ; all ropes and 
lines used on board of ships. 

eORD'ATE, I a. [L. cordatus.] Having the form of a 

eORD'A-TED, ] heart ; heart-sliaped ; a term used by 
naturalists. 

€ORD'ATE-LY, adv. In a cordate form. 

eORD'ED, pp. 1. Bound or fastened with cords. 2. Piled 
in a form for measurement by the cord. 3. Made of cords ; 
furnished with cords. — 4. in heraldry, a cross corded is 
one wound with cords, or made of two pieces of wood. 

eOR-DE-LlER', n. [Fr.] A Franciscan friar; one of the 
order of religious founded by St. Francis ; a aray friar. 

*€ORD'IAL, a. [Fr.] 1. Proceeding from the heart ; hearty ; 
sincere ; not hypocritical ; warm ; affectionate. 2. Re- 
viving the spirits ; cheering ; invigorating ; giving strength 
or spirits 

* CORD'IAL, n, 1. In medicine, that which suddenly excites 
the system, and increases the action of the heart or circu- 
lation when languid ; any medicine which increases 
strength, raises the spirits, and gives life and cheerfulness 
to a person when weak and depressed. 2. Any thing that 
comforts, gladdens and exLUarates. 

* €ORD-IAL'I-TY, n. Relation to the heart ; [not used.] 
Brown. 2. Sincerity ; freedom from hypocrisy ; sincere 
affection and kindness. 

* €ORD'IAL-LY, adv. Heartily ; sincerely ; without hypoc- 

risy ; with real affection. 

* €ORD'IAL-NESS, n. Heartiness. Cotgrave. 
€ORD'IE-RITE, n. The mineral called otherwise iolite and 

€0RD'I-f6rM, a. Heart-shaped ; having the form of the 
human heart. 

t€ORD'I-NER. SeeCoRDWAiNER. 

eORD'ON, n. [Ft., Sp. cm-don.] ]. In fortification, a row 
of stones jutting before the rampart, and the basis of the 
parapet. — 2. In military language, a line or series of mili- 
tary posts. 

€ORD'0-VAN, n. Spanish leather. 

€OR-DU-ROY', n. A thick cotton stuff ^bbed. 

€ORD'WAIN, n. [Sp. cordoban ; Port, cordovam ; Fr. cor- 
douan; from Cordova,] Spanish leather 5 goat-skin tanned 
and dressed. 

CORD'WAIN-ER, ?i. [from cor die ain.] A shoemaker. This 
word was formerly written cor diner. 

€ORE, n, [Fr. cmur ; Norm, core.] ]. The heart or inner 
part of a thing ; particularly, the central part of fruit, con- 
taining the kernels or seeds. It was formerly applied to 
place ; as, in the core of a square. Raleigh. 2. The inner 
part of an ulcer or boil. Dryden. 3. [Fr. corps.] A body; 
[not used.] 4. A disorder of sheep, occasioned by worms 
in the liver. 

60RED. a In the herring fishery, rolled in salt and pre- 
pared for drying. Ash. 



€0-Re'6ENT, n A joint regent or raler. Wrazall. 

€0-REL'A-TlVE. See Correlative. 

eO-Ri-A'CEOUS, a. ['L. coriaceous.] 1. Consisting of leath- 
er, or resembling leather ; tough. — 2. In botany, stiff, like 
leather or parchment. 

eO-RI-AN'DER, 71. [1j. coriandrum.] A genus of plants of 
two species. 

€0-Rm'DON. See Corundum. 

COR'INTII, 71. 1. A city of Greece. Hence, 2. A small 
fruit, now called currant, which see. Philips. 

€0-RINTH'l-A€, a. Pertaining to Corinth. D'Anville. 

eO-RINTH'I-AN, a. Peitaining to Corinth.— The Corinth- 
ian order, in architecture, is the most delicate of all the 
orders, and enriched witli a profusion of ornaments. 

€0-RLNTH'I-AN, n. An inhabitant of Corinth. 

€0-Rl'VAL, 71. [con, and rival ; written improperly coiri- 
val.] A rival , or fellow rival ; a competitor. Shak. 

€0-Rl'VAL, V. t. To rival; to pretend to equal. Shak 

CORK, 71. [D. kurk ; G. kork,] 1. A glandiferous tree, a 
species of quercus, growing in Spain and Portugal, havinr; 
a thick, rough, fungous, cleft bark. 2. The outer bark of 
the tree, or epidermis, of which stopples for bottles and 
casks are made. 3. A stopple for a bottle or cask, cut out 
of cork. 

€ORK, V. t. To stop bottles or casks with corks ; to confine 
or make fast with a cork. 

CORK, n. A frost nail, or sharp steel point on a horse-shoe 

CORK, V. t. To form sharp points ; to shoe with points ; to 
wound with corks or sharp points. Used in Mew Kngland. 
See Calk. 

CORK'ING-PIN, 71. A pin of a large size. Swift. 

CGRK'-SCREW, n. A screw to draw corks fiom bottles. 

CORK'Y, a. Consisting of cork ; resembling cork ; made of 
cork; tough. 

COR'MO-RANT, n. [Fr. cormoran.] 1. The water-raven, 
a large fowl of the pelican kind. 2. A glutton. 

CORN, 71, [Sax. corn.] 1. A single seed of certain plants, 
as wheat, rye, barley and maize ; a grain. In this sense', 
it has a plural ; as, three barley corns make an inch. 2. 
The seeds of certain plants in general, in bulk or quan- 
tity ; as, corn is dear or scarce. In this sense, the word 
comprehends all the kinds of grain which constitute the 
food of men and horses. In Great Britain, corn is gen- 
erally applied to wheat, rye, oats and barley. In the 
United States, it has the same general sense, but, by cus- 
tom, it is appropriated to maize. In this sense, corn has 
no plural. 3. The plants which produce corn, when 
growing in tlie field ; the stalks and ears, or the stalks, 
ears and seeds, after reaping and before thrashing. — '1. In 
surgery, a hard excrescence, or induration of th^ skin, on 
the toes or some part of the feet, occasioned by the pres- 
sure of the shoes ; so called from its hardness and resem- 
blance to a corn. 5. A small, hard particle. See Grain. 

CORN, V. t. 1. To preserve and season with salt in grains ; 
to sprinkle with salt. 2. To granulate ; to form into small 
grains. 

CORN'BIND, n. Climbing buck-wheat. [Local.] Grose. 

CORN'BLADE, n. The leaf of the maize. 

CORN'CHAN-BLER, 71. A dealer in corn. 

CORN'CLAD, a. Covered with growing corn. Barlow 

CORN'CRAKE, n. The crake or land-rail ; the corn-crow 

CORN'-€UT-TER, n. One who cuts corns, or indurations 
of tlie skin. 

CORN'FiELD, n. A field where corn is growing. 

CORN'FLAG, n. A genus of plants, the gladiolus, of sev- 
eral species, bearing red or white flowers. 

CORN'FLoOR, 71. A floor for corn, or for thrashing corn 

CORN'FLOW-ER, n. A flower or plant growuig among 
corn ; as the blue-bottle, wild poppy, &c. 

CORN'HEAP, n. A heap of corn Ball. 

CORN'LAND, 71. Land appropriated or suitable to the pro- 
duction of corn, or grain. 

CORN'LOFT, 7i. An apartment for corn ; a granary. 

CORN-MAR- Y-GoLD, n. A genus of plants, the chrijsan- 
them7t.n1. 

tCORN'MSS-TER, n. One who cultivates corn for sale. 

CORN'ME-TER, 71. One who measures corn. 

CORN'MILL, n. A mill for grinding corn, more generally 
called a grvit-7nill. 

CORN'-PARS-LEY, n. A genus of plants, the swoti. 

CORN-PIPE, 7t. A pipe made by slitting the joint of a green 
stalk of com. Johnson. 

CORN'-RO€K-ET, n. A genus of plants, the b7i7iias. 

CORN'ROSE, n. A species of poppy, or pajjarcr. 

CORN'-SAL-LAD, n. A plant, a species of T^aZeriaTia. 

CORN'STALK, n. A stalk of corn, particularly a stalk of 
the maize. America. 

CORN'-Vl-O-LET, n. A species of campanula. 

CORN'-WAIN, 71. A wagon loaded with corn. Bp. IJorsley 

C0RN'A6E, n. An ancient tenure of lands, which obliged 
the tenant to give notice of an invasion by blowing a horn. 

CORN'E-A, n. [from L. cm-nu.] The transparent membrane 
in the fore-part of the eye, through which the rays of light 
pass. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE;— BpLL, UNITE.— € as K; OasJ; SasZi CHaaSHj THasinfAis. 1[Obsolete. 
13 



COR 



194 



COli 



€ORN'EL, eORN'EL-TREE, or COR-NeL'IAN-TREE, 

71. [L. cornus.] The cornelian cherry or dog-wood, a ge- 
nus of plants of several species. 

€0R-NeL'1 AN. See Carnei>ian. 

€0RN'B-MUSE, or €ORN'A-MUTE, «. [Fr. cornemuse.] 
A kind of rustic flute. Drayton. 

€0RN'E-0US, a. [L. corneus,] Horny ; like horn ; consist- 
ing of a horny substance, or substance resembling horn ; 
hard. 

CORN'ER, n. [W. cornel.] 1. The point where two con- 
verging lines meet ; properly, the external point ; an an- 
gle. "2. The interior point where two lines meet ; an 
angle. 3. The space between two converging lines or 
walls which meet in a point. 4. An inclosed place, a 
secret or retired place. 5. Indefinitely, any part ; a part 
6. The end, extremity or limit. — Corner-teeth of a horse, 
the foreteeth between the middling teeth and tlie tushes. 

eORN'ERED, a. Having corners ; having three or more 
angles. 

eORN'ER-STONE, n. The stone which lies at the corner 
of two walls, and unites them ; the principal stone, and 
especially the stone which forms the corner of the foun- 
dation of an edifice. 

€ORN'ER-WISE, adv. Diagonally; with the corner in 
front J not parallel. 

CORN'ET, n. [Fr. cornet^ cornette ] 1 An instrument of 
music, in the nature of a trumpet, sounded by blowing 
with the mouth. — 2, In modern usage, an officer of caval- 
ry, who bears the ensign or colors of a troop. 3. A com- 
pany of cavalry ; a troop of horse ; [not used.] — 4. The 
cornet of a horse [coronet] is the lowest part of his pastern, 
that runs round the coffin. 5. A little cap of paper in 
which retailers Inclose small wares. 6. A scarf anciently 
worn by doctors. 7= A head-dress. 

GORN'ET-CY, ji. The commission or rank of a cornet. 

eORN'ET-TER, or €ORNET-ER, n. One who blows a 
cornet. Hakewill. 

COR'NiCE, n. [It.] I. in architecture, the uppermost 
member of the entablature of a column, or the highest 
projecture ; that which crowns an order. 2. A little pro- 
jecture in joinery or masonry. — Cornice-ring of a cannon 
is the ring next from, the muzzle-ring backward. 

eORN'I-€liE, n. [L, corniculum.] A little horn. 

eOR-Nie'U-LATE, a. 1. Horned ; having horns.— 2. In 
botany^ producing horned pods ; bearing a little spur or 
horn, 

€OR-Nl6'ER-OUS, a. [L. corniger.] Horned 5 haviiQg 
horns. 

€ORN'ING-HOUSE, n. A house or place where powder is 
granulated. 

€ORN'ISH, a. Pertaining to Cornwall, in England ; and, 
as a noun, the language of Cornwall. 

eORN'TST, n. A performer on the cornet or horn. 

COllN'LESS, a. Destitute of corn. 

eOR-NU-Co'PI-A, n. [L. cornu and copia.] 1. The horn cf 
plenty, an emblem of abundance of fruits. — 2. In archi- 
tecture and sculpture, the figure of a horn, from which 
fruits and flowers are represented as proceeding. 

eOR-NuTE', V. t. [Li cornutus.] To bestovi^ horns 5 to 
cuckold. 

€OR-NuT'ED, pp. or a. I. Grafted with horns ; horned ; 
cuckolded. — 2. In botany, horn-shaped. 

eOR-NO'TO, w. {It.] A man that wears the horns 3 a cuck- 
old. 

€OR-Nu'TOR, n. A cuckold-maker. .Jordan. 

eORN'Y, a. [Ij. cornu.] Horny; strong, stiff" or hard like 
liorn ; resembling horn. 

€ORN'Y, a. Producing corn ; containing corn. 

eOR'O-DY, or COR'RO-DY, n. [It. corredo:] An allowance 
of meat, drink or clothing, due to the king from an abbey 
or other religious house. 

COR'OL, ; n. [L. corolla.] In botany, the inner cover- 

€0-ROL'LA, \ ing of a flower. 

eOR-OL-LA'CEOUS, a. Pertaining to a corol ; inclosing 
and protecting like a wreath. 

* eOR'OL-LA-RY, n. [L. corollarium.] 1. A conclusion or 
consequence drawn from premises, or from what is ad- 
vanced or demonstrated. 2. A surplus. Shale. 

€OR'OL-LET, in. One of the partial flowers which make 

€OR'OL-IiULE, \ a compoimd one ; the floret in an aggre- 
gate_flower. 

l/'O-Ro'NA, n. [L.] 1. In architecture, a large, flat member 
of a cornice, crowning the entablature and the whole or- 
der ; called by workmen the drip. — 2. In anatomy, the 
tipper surface of the molar teeth, or grinders. — 3. In botany, 
the circumference or margin of a radiated compound flow- 
er. — 4. In optics, a halo or luminous circle around the sun, 
moon or stars. 

€OR'0-NAL, a. Belonging to the crown or top of the head. 

€OR'0-NAL, n. 1. A crown ; wreath ; garland. 2. The 
first suture of the skull. 

€Oa'0-NA-RY, a. Relating to a crown ; seated on the top 
of the head ; or placed as a crown. — Coronary vessels, in 
anatomy, certain vessels which furnish the substance cf 



the heart with blood. — Coronary arteries, two arteries 
which spring from the aorta. 

€0R-0-NA'Ti0N, n. 1. The act or solemnity of crowning 
a king or emperor ; the act of investing a prince with the 
insignia of royalty, on his succeeding to the sovereignty. 
2. The pomp or assembly attending a coronation.— Coro- 
natiun-oath, the oath taken by a king at his coronation. 

fCOR'ONEL, (kur'nel) 71. [Sp. coronel.] The officer who 
commands a regiment. Spenser. 

€OR'0-NER, n. [law Lat. coronator.] An officer whose 
office is concerned principally with pleas of the crown. 
One chief part of his duty is, when a person is slain or 
dies suddenly, or in prison, to inquire into the manner of 
his death. — in some of the states in .dmerica, there is a 
coroner, but his principal or only duty is to inquire into 
the causes of untimely death. 

eOR'O-NET, n. [from corona.] 1. An inferior crown worn 
by noblemen. — 2. In poetical language, an ornamental 
head-dress. — Coronet of a horse. See Cornet. 

eO-RO'-]SII-FORM,a. Having the form of a crown. 

€OR'0-NOID, a. [Gr. Kopiiovij and eiSog.] Noting the upper 
and anterior process of the end of the lower jaw, called 
the coronoid process. Coze. 

€OR'0-NULE, 11. A coronet or little crown of a seed ; the 
downy tuft on seeds, 

€OR'PO-RAL, n. [It. caporale ; Fr. caporal.] 1. The low- 
est officer of a company of infantry, next below a sergeant. 

2. The corporal of a ship of war is an officer under the 
master at arms, employed to teach the sailors the use of 
small arms. 

€OR'PO-RAL, a. [Ij. cor p oralis.] 1. Belongmg or relating to 
thebody. 2. Material; not spiritual, SeeCoRPOKEAL, Shak. 

eOR'FO-RAL, ) n. A fine linen cloth, used to cover the 

COIl'PO-RALE, \ sacred elements in the eucharist, or in 
which the sacrament is put. Paley. — Corporal oath, a 
solemn oath, so called from the ancient usage of touching 
the corporale, or cloth that covered the consecrated ele- 
ments. Paley. 

COR-PO-RAL'I-TY, n. The state of being a body or em- 
bodied ; opposed to spirituality. Raleigh. 

€OR'PO-RAL-LY, adv. Bodfly ; in or with the body. 

€OR'PO-RAL-SHIP, n. A corporal's command in a Russian 
company. 

€OR'PO-RAS, n. The old name of the corporal, or com- 
munion cloth. 

€OR'PO-RATE, a. [L, corporatus.] 1. United in a body, or 
community, as a number of individuals, who are empow- 
ered to transact business as an individual ; formed Into a 
body. 2. United ; general ; collectively one. 

t €OR'PO-RATE, v. t. To unite. More. 

eOR'PO-RATErLY, adv. In a corporate capacity. 

eOR'PO-RATE-NESS, n. The state of a corporate body. 

COR-PO-Ra'TION, n. A body politic or corporate, formed 
and authorized by law to act as a single person ; a socie- 
ty having the capacity of transacting business as an in- 
dividual. 

€OR'-PO-Ea-TOR, n.The member of a corporation. 

t €0R'P0-RA-TURE, n. The state of being embodied 
More. 

€OIl-Po'RE-AL, or €OR-Po'RE-OUS, a. Having a body , 
consisting of a material body ; material ; opposed to spirit- 
ual, or immaterial. 

€0R-P6'RE-AL-IST, n. One who denies the existence of 
spiritual substances. 

eOR-Po'RE-AL-LY, adv. In body ; in a bodily form or 
manner. 

€OR-PO-Re'I-TY, n. The state of having a body, or of 
being embodied ; materiality, 

€OR-POR-I-FI-Ca'TION, n. The act of giving body or 
palpability. 

t COR-Po'RI-F"?, V. t. To embody ; to form into a body. 

€OR'PO-SANT, or COR'PU-SANSE, n. [Sp. cuerpo santo.] 
A name given by seamen to a luminous appearance often 
beheld, in dark, tempestuous nights, about the decks and 
rigging of a ship, but particularly at the mast-heads and 
yard-arms, supposed to be electrical. 

CORPS, (kore) n. [Fr., from L. corpus.] 1. In military lan- 
guage, a body of troops ; any division of an army. 2. A 
body, in contempt, as used by Milton and Drydcn, but 
probably pronounced in the English manner, as corpse 

3. A carcass; a dead body. [See Corpse.] Shak. — 4. In 
architecture, any part tliat projects beyond a wall, serv- 
ing as the ground of some decoration. 

CORPSE, (korps) n. [L, corpus.] The dead body of a human 

being. 
CORPS'-DE-GARDE, (kore'de-gard) n. [Fr.] See C,>urt 

OF Guard. 
CORTU-LENCE, ) n. [L. corpulentia.] 1. Fleshiness ; ex- 
€0R'PU-LEN-CY, ) cessive fatness ; a state of being load 

ed with flesh. 2. Spissitude ; grossness of matter ; [I. u.] 
COR'PU-LENT, a. Fleshy ; having a great or excessive 

quantity of fat or flesh, in proportion to the frame Df tho 

body. 



* See Synopsis, a, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;—PtN, MARINE, BiRD ;— j Obsolete. 



COR 



195 



COR 



eOR'PUS €HRIS'TI. [Body of Christ.] A festival of the 
church of England, kept on the next Thursday after 
Trinit3'-Sunday, in honor of the eucharist. 

eOR'PUS-CLE, (kor'pus-sl) n. [L. corpiisculujn.] A minute 
particle, or physical atom. 

€OR-P(JS'€fJ-LAIl, a. Relating to corpuscles, or small par- 
ticles, supposed to be the constituent materials of all large 
bodies. The corpuscular philosophy attempts to account 
for the phenomena of nature, by the motion, figure, rest, 
position, &c., of the minute particles of matter. Encxjc. 

€UR-PUS-€U-La'RI-AN, a. Corpuscular, as above. 

€OR-PUS-€U-LA'RI-AJSr, n. An advocate for the corpuscu^- 
lar philosophy. 

€OR'RA-€LE. See Coracle. 

t €OR-RaDE[, v. t. To rub off 5 to scrape together. 

eOR-RA-DI-A'TION, n. A conjunction of rays in one 
point. Bacon. 

COR-RECT', a. [L. correctus.] Literally, set right or made 
straight. Hence, right ; conformable to truth, rectitude or 
propriety, or conformable to a just standard ; not faulty 3 
free from error. 

€OR-RE€T', V. t. 1. To make right ; to rectify ; to bring to 
the standard of truth, justice, or propriety. 2. To amend ; 
to remove or retrench faults or errors ; to set riglit. 3. To 
bring back or attempt to bring back to propriety in morals ; 
to punish for faults or deviations from mora! rectitude ; to 
chastise ; to discipline. 4. To obviate or remove what- 
ever is wrong or inconvenient ; to reduce or change the 
qualities of any thing by mixture, or other application ; 
to counteract whatever is injurious. 

eOR-RE€T'ED,;)p. Set right ; freed from en-ors ; amended ; 
punished. 

COR-RECT'ING, ppr. Bringing to the standard of truth, 
justice or propriety ; amending ; chastising. 

€OR-RE€'TION, n. [L. carrectio.] 1. The act of correct- 
ing ; the act of bringing back, from error or deviation, 
to a just standard, as to truth, rectitude, justice or pro- 
priety. 2. Retrenchmentof faults or errors ; amendment. 
'3. That which is substituted in the place of what is wrong. 
4. That which is intended to rectify, or to cme faults ; 
punishment ; discipline ; chastisement ; that which cor- 
rects. — 5. In scriptural lancrua^c, whatever tends to cor- 
rect the moral conduct, and bring back from error or sin, 
as afflictions. 6. Critical notice ; animadversion. 7. 
Abatement of noxious qualities ; the counteraction of 
what is inconvenient or hurtful in its effects. — House of 
correction, a house where disorderly persons are confined ; 
a bridewell. 

€OR-RE€'TION-AL, a. Tending to or intended for cor- 
rection. Walsh, 

eOR-REC'TIOX-ER, n. One that has been in the house of 
correction. Shak. 

€OR-RE€T'IVE, a. Having the power to correct ; having 
the quality of removing or obviating what is wrong, or in- 
jurious ; tending to rectify. 

eOR-RECT'lVE, n. 1. That whicli has the power of cor- 
recting ; that which has the quality of altering or obviating 
what is wrong or injurious. 2. Limitation ; restriction 3 
[little used.] 

€OR-RE€T'LY, adv. In a con-ect manner ; in conformity 
with truth, justice, rectitude, or propriety ; according to a 
standard ; exactly; accurately. 

eOR-RECT'NESS, n. 1. Conformity to truth, justice, or 
propriety. 2. Conformity to settled usages or rules. ,3. 
Conformity to a copy or original. 4. Conformity to estab- 
lished rules of taste or proportion. 

€OR-RE€T'OR, n. 1. One who corrects ; one who amends 
faults, retrenches error, and renders conformable to truth 
or propriety, or to any standard. 2. One who punishes 
•^or correction ; one who amends or reforms by chastise- 
ment, reproof or instruction. 3. That which corrects ; 
tl;iat which abates or removes what is noxious or incon- 
venient ; an ingredient in a composition which abates or 
counteracts the force of another. 

€OR-RE6'I-DOR, n. [Sp.] A Spanish magistrate. 

€OR-RE-LaTE', v. i. [L. con and relatus.] To have a 
reciprocal relation, as father and son. 

eOR 'RE-LATE, n. One who stands in an opposite relation, 
as father and son. South. 

€OR-RE-La'TION, n. Reciprocal relation. Paley. 

€OR-REL'A-TIVE, a. [L. con and relativus.] Having a 
reciprocal relation, so that the existence of one in a cer- 
tain state depends on the existence of another; as father 
and son, husband and wife, are correlative terms. 

€OR-REL'A-TIVE, n. That which is opposed to somethmg 
else in a certain relation. The son is the correlative of 
his father. 

€OR-REL'A-TIVE-LY, adv. In a correlative relation. 

€OR-REL'A-TIVE-NESS, n. The state of being correlative. 

€OR-REP'TION, n. [h. corripio.] Chiding; reproof; rep- 
rimand. Hammond. 

eOR-RE-SPOND',z>.i. [It. corrispondere ;Fr correspondre.] 
1 . To suit ; to answer ; to agree ; to fit ; to be congruous ; 
to be adapted to. 2. To be equal ; to be adequate or pro- 



portioned. 3. To communicate by letters sent and re- 
ceived ; to hold intercourse with a person at a distance by 
sending and receiving letters 

eOR-RE-SPOND'ENCE, )n. 1. Relation ; fitness; congru- 

eOR-RE-SPOND'EN-CY, \ ity ; mutual adaptation of one 
thing to another. 2. Intercourse between persons at a 
distance, by means of letters sent and answers received. 
3. The letters which pass between correspondents. 4. 
Friendly intercourse ; reciprocal exchange of offices or 
civilities ; connection. 

COR-RE-SPOND'ENT, a. Suitable; fit; congraous ; agree- 
able ; answerable ; adapted. 

€OR-RE-SPOND'ENT, 71. One who corresponds ; one with 
whom an intercourse is carried on by letters or messages 

€OR-RE-SPOND'ENT-LY,adw. In a corresponding manner. 

€OR-RE-SPOND'ING, ppr. 1. Carrying on intercourse by 
letters. 2. a. Answering ; agreeing ; suiting. 

€OR-RE-SPON'SIVE, a. Answerable ; adapted. 

€OR'RI-DoR, n. [Fr. ; Sp. corredor.] I, In architecture, 
a gallery or long aisle round a building, leading to several 
chambers at a. distance from each other. — 2. Infortification, 
the covered way lying round the whole compass of the 
fortifications of a place. 

€0R'RI-6I-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. That may be set right, or 
amended. 2. That may be reformed. 3. Punishable, 
that may be chastised for correction. 

eOR-Ri'VAL, n. A fellow rival ; a competitor. More cor- 
rectly co-rival, which see. 

t€OR-Rl'VAL, a. Contending. Bp. Fleetwood. 

t€OR-Rl'VAL, ■?;. i. To vie with. Fitzgeffry. 

t COR-RI'VAL-SHIP, 71. Opposition ; rivalry. Sir T.Herbert. 

COR'RI-VATE, V. t. To draw water out of several streama 
into one. [Little used.] 

€OR-RI-Va'TION, n. The running of different streams 
into one. [JVoi much used.] 

€0R-R0B'0-RANT, a. Strengthening ; having the power 
or quality of giving strength. 

€OR-ROB'0-RANT, n. A medicme that strengthens the 
human body when weak. 

€OR-ROB'0-RATE, v. t. [L. corrohoro.] 1. To strengthen 
to make strong, or to give additional strength to. 2. To 
confirm ; to make more certain. 

€OR-ROB'0-RA-TED, j)p. Strengthened ; confirmed ; ren- 
dered more certain. 

€OR-ROB'0-RA-TING, ppr. Strengthening ; giving firm- 
ness or additional assurance. 

€OR-ROB-0-Ra'TION, n. The act of strengthening or 
confirming ; addition of strength, assurance, or security ; 
confirmation. 

COR-ROB'O-RA-TiVE, a. Having the power of giving 
strength, or additional strength ; tending to confirm. 

€OR-ROB'0-RA-TiVE, n. A medicine that strengthens ; a 
corroborant. 

€OR-RoDE', v. t. [L. corrodo.] 1. To eat away by degrees ; 
to wear away, or diminish, by gradually separating small 
particles from a body, in the manner an animal gnaws a 
substance. 2. To wear away by degrees ; to prey upon ; 
to impair ; to consume or diminish by slow degrees. 

€OR-RoD'ED, pp. Eaten away gradually ; worn, diminish- 
ed, impaired, by slow degrees. 

€OR-Ro'DENT, a. Having the power of corroding, cr 
wasting by degrees. 

€OR-Ro'DENT, n. Any substance or medicine that cor- 
rodes. Coxe. 

€OR-Ro'DI-ATE, v. t. To eat away by degrees. Sandys. 

€0R-R0-DI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being corrodible. 

€OR-Ro'DI-BLE, a. That may be corroded. Brown. 

€OR-RoD'ING, ppr. Eatmg away gradually ; impairing ; 
wasting. 

€OR'RO-DY. [SeeCoRODY.] But corrodj^ is the more correct 
orthography. 

€OR-Ro'S[-BLE, a. See Corrodible. 

€0R-R0-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. See Corrodibilitv. 

€OR-Ro'ST-BLE-NESS, 7). Susceptibility of corrosion. Diet 

€OR-Ro'SIOA^ n. The action of eating or wearing away 
by slow degrees, as by the action of acids on metals, by 
which the substance is gradually changed. 

€OR-Ro'SIVE, a. 1. Eating ; wearing away ; having tlie 
power of gradually wearing, consuming or impairing 
2. Having the quality of fretting or vexmg.— Corrosive 
sublimate, the corrosive muriate or perchloride of mercury 

€OR-RO'SIVE, 7!. 1. That which has the quality of eating 
or wearing gradually. 2. That which has the power ot 
fretting. 

€OR-Ro'SIVE-LY, adv. Like a corrosive ; with the power 
of corrosion ; in a corrosive manner. 

€0R-Ro'Srv E-NESS, 71. The quality of corroding, eating 
away or wearing ; acrimony. 

€OR'RU-GANT, a. Having the power of contractmg mto 
wrinkles. . 

€OR'RU-GATE, v. t. [L. corrugo.] To wrinkle ; to draw 
or contract into folds. Bacon. 



* See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK Do VE :— BULL, UNI TE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete . 



COR 



196 



COS 



COR'RU-GATE, a. Wrinkled. Younn-. 

eOR'RU-GA-TED.p^. Wrinkled. 

eOR'RU-GA-TJNG, ppr. Contracting into wrinkles. 

€OR-RU-Ga'TION, 71. A wrinkling ; contraction into wrin- 
kles. 

€OR'RU-GA-TOR, n. A muscle which contracts the skin 
of the forehead into wrinkles. Coze. 

€OR-Ru'GENT-MUS'CLE, n. A muscle of the eye, called 
also corrugator siipcrc'dii. Chambers. 

€OR-RUPT', v.t. [L. corruptus.'] 1. To change from a 
sound to a putrid or putrescent state ; to separate the com- 
ponent parts of a body, as by a natural process, whicli is 
accompanied by a fetid smell. 5. To vitiate or deprave ; 
to change from good to bad. 3. To waste, spoil, or con- 
sume. 4. To defile or pollute. 5. To entice from good, 
and allure to evil. 6. To pervert -, to break, disobey or 
make void. 7. To pervert or vitiate integrity ; to bribe. 
8. To debase or render impure, by alterations or innova- 
tions. 9. To pervert 3 to falsify ; to infect with errors. 

€OR-RUPT', V. i. 1. To become putrid 5 to putrefy ; to rot. 
9 To become vitiated ; to lose purity 

€OR-KUPT', a. [1.. corrupUis.] 1. Changed from a sound 
to i putrid state, as by natural decomposition. 2. Spoil- 
ed ; tainted ; vitiated ; unsound. 3. Depraved ; vitiated ; 
tainted with wickedness. 4. debased ; rendered impure ; 
changed to a v/orse state. 5. Not genuine ; infected with 
errors or mistakes. 

€f)R-RUPT'ED, pv. Putrefied ; vitiated ; depraved ; spoil- 
ed ; marred j bribed ; infected with errors. 

COR-RUPT'ER, n. 1. One who corrupts ; one who vitiates, 
or taints. 2. One who bribes ; that wliich depraves or 
destroys integiity. 3. One who introduces errors. 

eOR-RUPT-I-CIL'l-TY, n. The possibility of being cor- 
rupted. 

eOR-RUPT'I-BLE, a. [Yr. corruptible.] 1. That may be 
con-upted ; that may become putrid ; subject to decay and 
destruction. 2. That may be vitiated in qualities or prin- 
ciples ; susceptible of depravation. 

COR-RUPT'I-BLE, n. That which may decay and perish ; 
the human body. 1 Cor. xv. 

eOR-RUFT'I-BLE-NESS, 7i. Susceptibility of corruption ; 
corruptibility. 

fJOR-ROPT'I-BLY, adv. In such a manner as to be cor- 
rupted or vitiated. 

eOll-RUPT'ING, ppr. Putrefying ; depraving ; vitiating. 

eOR-RlJP'TION, 7(. [Ij. corruptio.'] 1 . The act of corrupt- 
ing, or state of being corrupt or putrid ; the destruction of 
the natural fonn of bodies, by the separation of tlie com- 
ponent parts, or by disorganization, in the [jrocess of pu- 
trefaction. 2. Putrid matter; pus. 3. Putrescence; a 
foul state occasioned by putrefaction. 4, Depravity ; 
wickedness ; perversion or deterioration of moral princi- 
ples ; loss of purity or integrity. .5. Debasement ; taint ; 
or tendency to a worse state, i^. Impurity ; depravation ; 
debasement. 7. Bribery. — 8. In lam., taint; impurity of 
blood, in consequence of an act of attainder of treason or 
felony, by which a person is disabled to inherit lands 
from an ancestor. 

€OR-RLlPT'IVE, a. Having the quality of corrupting, taint- 
ing or vitiating. Ray. 

€OR-RTJPT'LESS, a. Not susceptible of corruption, or de- 
cay. DryrUn. 

€OR-RUPT'LY, adv. 1. In a cormpt manner ; with cor- 
ruption ; viciously ; wickedly ; without integrity. 2. By 
bribery. 

€OR-RUPT'NESS, n. I. The state of being corrupt ; putrid 
state, or putrescence. 2. A state of moral impurity. 3. 
A vicious state ; debasement; impurity. 

eOR-RUPT'RESS, 7i.. A female that corrupts others. 

eOR'SAIR, n. [Fr. corsaire.] A pirate ; one who cruises or 
scom-s the ocean, with an armed vessel, without a com- 
mission from any prince or state, to seize and plunder 
merchantmen. 

€0R'SAK,7i. A species of fox. Penvant. 

€ORSE, n. [Fr. corps; L. corpus.] A corpse; the dead 
body of a human being ; a poetical isord. Jlddi^on. 

€ORSE'-EN-€UM'BERED, a Loaded with dead bodies. 
Barlow. 

€ORSE'-PRES-ENT, n. A mortuary or present paid at the 
interment of a dead body. 

€ORSE'LET, (kors'let)7i. \Fr. corselet.] I. A little cuirass, 
or an armor to cover the body for protection, worn for- 
merly by pike-men.. 2. See CoRCELET. 

€ORSE'LET, (kore'let) v. t. To encircle with a corselet. 
Beaumont. 

€ORS'ET, n. [Fr.] A bodice ; jumps ; something worn 
to give shape to the body ; used by ladies and dandies. 

eORS'NED, n. [Bax. corsna^de.] The morsel of execration 
or curse ; a piece of bread consecrated by exorcism, and 
to be swallowed by a suspected person, as a trial of his 
innocence. 

eOR-TEGE', (kor-tazhe') 7', [Fr.] A train of attendants. 

eORT'ES, 71. plu. [from Sp. corte, court.] The Spanish 
name of the states of the kingdom, corhposed of nobility, 



clergy, and representatives of cities ; the assembly of the 

states, answering, in some measure, to the parliament of 

Great Britain . 
€OR'Ti-€AL, a. Belonging to bark; consisting of bark or 

rind; resembling bark o'- rind ; external; belonging to the 

external covering. 
€OR'TI-€ATE, ; a. [L. corticatus.] Resembling the barlw 
€OR'TI-€A-TED, \ or rind of a tree. Broion. 
€OR-TI-CIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. cortex and/ero.] Producing 

bark, or that which resembles it. Diet. 
€OR-TIC'I-FORM, a. Resembling bark. 

eORT'tloll' i '^- Barky; full of bark. Diet. 

€0-RUND'UM, 71. The corindon-harmophane of Haiiy, and 
the adamantine spar of Kirwan. 

€0-RUS'€ANT, a. Flashing ; glittering by flashes. 

eOR'US-€ATE, V. i. [L. corusco.] To flash ; to lighten ; to 
glitter. Greenhill. 

€Oa-US-€A'TION, ?i. [L. coruscatic] 1. A flash ; a sud- 
den burst of light in the clouds or atmosphere. 2. The 
light produced by tlie combustion of inflammable gas in 
the earth. — Artificial coruscations are produced by phos- 
phorus and sulphuric acid, or by sulphuric acid and iron 
filings. 

eOR'VET, 71. [Fr. corvette.] A sloop of war; an advice- 
boat. 

€OR-VET'TO, n. The curvet. Peacham. 

€ORV'US, 71. [Ju. corvus.] 1. In flsi7-07io7?t?/, a constellation 
of the southern hemisphere, containing nine stars. 2. A 
military engine or gallery used by the Romans for board- 
ing ships in war. 

COR-Y-BAN'TI€, a. Madly agitated; inflamed like the 
Corybantes, the frantic priests of Cybele. 

€OR'YMB, 71. [L. corymbus.] Primarily, a top, head, or 
cluster. In inodern botany, a species of inflorescence, 

€0-RYM'BI-A-TED, a. Garnished with corymbs. 

€0R-YM-BIF'ER-0US, a. [L. corymbifer.] Producing cor- 
ymbs ; bearing flowers, fruit, or berries in clusters. 

€0-RYM'BOUS, a. Consisting of corymbs ; in clusters. 

eO-RYM'BU-LOUS, a. Having or consisting of little cor- 
ymbs. 

€OR'Y-PHENE, n. A fish with a sloping, truncated Jiead, 
and the dorsal fin extending the whole length of the back. 

€0R-Y-PHe'US, 7z. [Gr.] The chief of a chorus ; the chief 
of a company. South. 

€OS-CI-NOM'AN-CY, n. [Gr. kogklvov and [xavTEia.] The 
art or practice of divination by means of a sieve. 

€0-Se'€ANT, n. In (reometry, the secant of an arc which 
is the complement of another to ninety degrees. 

€6S'EN. See Cozen. 

teo'SIER, 7?. {Fx.cousu.] Ahotcher. Shak. 

t €0-SIG-NIF'I-eA-TiVE, a. Having the same significa- 
tion. 

€OS'IN-AgE, 11. [Fr. cousinage] In law, writ to recover 
possession of an estate in lalnds, when a stranger has en- 
tered and abated, after the death of the tresaJJ, or the 
grandfather's grandfather, or other collateral relation. 

€o'-SlNE, 71. In geom.etry, the sine of an arc which is the 
complement of another to ninety degrees. 

€OS-MET'J€, a. [Gr. /coo-juj^rf/co^.] Beautifying ; improving 
beauty, particulariy the beauty of the skin. 

COS-MJbT'I€, 71. Any preparation that renders the skin 
soft, pure and white, and helps to beautify and improve 
the complexion. 

€0S'MI-€AL, a. [Gr. kouixikos.] 1. Relating to the world, 
or to the whole system of visible bodies, including the 
earth and stars. — 2. In astronomy, rising or setting with 
the sun ; not acronical. 

COS'MI-GAL-LY, adv. With the sun at rising or setting : 
a star is said to rise or set cosmically, when it rises or sets 
with the sun. 

€OS-MOG'0-NIST, n. One who treats of the origin or form- 
ation of the universe. 

€OS-MOG'0-NY, 71. [Gr. KouyMyovia.] The generation j 
origin or creation of the world- or universe. In physics, 
the science of the origin or formation of the universe. 

€0S-M0G'RA-PHE-3 , n. One who describes the worid or 
universe, including the heavens and the earth. 

€0f?-M0-GRAPH'ie, ) a. Relating to the general de- 

€0S-M0-GRAPH'T-€AL, \ scription of the universe. 

€0S-]M:0-GRAPH'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a manner relating to 
tlie science of describing the universe, or corresponding to 
cosmography. 

€0?-M0G'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. Koo-^foypa^ta.] A description 
of the world or universe ; or the art which teaches tlie 
construction of the whole system of worlds, or the figure, 
disposition and relation of ail its parts, and the manner ot 
representing them on a plane. 

€OS'MO-LABE, n. [Gr. Koafiog, woild-, and ^ajxliavui, to 
take.] An ancient instrument for measuring distances in 
the heavens or on earth, much the same as the astrolabe, 
and called also pantacosm. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, x, O, U, Y, /o7in^.— -FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BiRD 



t Obsolete 



COT 



197 



cou 



UOS-MOL'A-TO-RY, n. [Gr. /co<r/ios and XarpEuw.] The 
worship paid to the world^ or its parts, by heathens. 

eOS-MO-LOG'I-€AL, a. Relating to a discourse or treatise 
of the world, or to the science of the universe. 

€0S-M0L'0-GIST, n. One who describes the universe. 

€OS-MOL'0-GY, n. [Gr. KoaixoXoyia.] The science of the 
world or universe ; or a treatise relating to tlje structure 
and "T^^-rts of the system of creation. 

€OS-MO-PLAS''TI€, a. [Gr. Koaixos and TrXao-trw.] WoTid- 
forniing ; pertaining to tlie formation of the world. 

€OS-MO-POL'I-TAN, ) n. [Gr. (ccct/xo? andTroAtr/??.] A per- 

eOS-MOP'O-LlTE, \ son who has no fixed residence ; 
one who is no Vv'here a stranger, or who is at home in ev- 
ery place ; a citizen of the world. 

€OSS, n. A Hindoo measure of one English mile and a 
quarter nearly. As-iat. Res. 

€OS'SA€K, n. The Cossacks inhabit the Ukraine, in the 
Russian empire. 

eoS'SAS, 71. Plain India muslins, of various qualities and 
breadths. 

e'OS'SET, 71. [qu. G. kossat.] A lamb brought up by hand, 
or without the aid of the dam. 

eOS'Sie, a. Relating to algebra Bp. Kail. 

€OST, 74. [G., D., Sw., Dan. host.'] 1. The price, value 
or equivalent of a thing purchased ; the amount in val- 
ue paid, charged or engaged to be paid for any thing 
bought or taken in barter. 9. Expense ; amount in value 
expended or to be expended ; charge ; that which is given 
or to be given for another thing. — 3. In laio, the sum fixed 
by law, or allowed by the court, for charges of a suit award- 
ed against the party losing, in favor of the party prevail- 
ing, &c. 4. Loss or expense of any kind ; detriment ; 
pain ; suffering. 5. Sumptuousness ; great expense. 

<t!OST, n. [L. costa.'] A rib or side. B. Jonson, 

eOST, V. t. ; pret. and pp. cost. [G. and D. kostcn.] I. To 
require to be given or expended in barter or purchase ; to 
be bought for. 3. To require to be laid out, given, be- 
stowed or employed. 3. To require to be home or suf- 
fered. 

eOST'AL, a. [Fr. costal.] Pertaining to the side of the body 
or the ribs ; as, costal nerves. 

eOST'ARD, n. I. A head ; [not used.] Sliak. 2. An ap- 
ple, round and bulky, like the head. 

€0ST'x\RD-M6NG'ER, n. An apple-seller. 

eOST'ER-MoNG'ER, n. An apple-seller. 

€09TiVE, a. [from It. costipato, costiparc ; J^. constipo.] 
1. Literally, crowded, stuffed, as the intestines ; hence, 
bound in body ; retaining fecal matter in the bowels, in a 
hard and dry state 5 having the excrements obstructed, or 
the motion of the bowels too slow, 2. Dry and hard ; 
[not used.] Mortimer. 

eOS'TIVE-NESS, 71. A preternatural detention of the fecal 
matter of the bowels, witii hardness and dryness ; an ob- 
struction or pretematm'al slowness of evacuations from tlie 
bowels. - ' 

€OST'LI-NESS, 71. Expensiveness ; great cost, or expense ; 
sumptuousness. Sidney. 

eOST'LESS, a. Costing nothing. Barrow. 

€OST'LY, a. Of a high price 3 sumptuous ; expensive ; 
])urchased at a great expense. 

eOST'MA-RY, 71. [L. costiis, and Maria.] A species of 
tansy, or tanacetum ; aleoost. 

t eOS'TREL, 71. A bottle. 

CbS-TU'iVIE, 72. [Fr.] 1. In painting, nmle or precept by 
which an artist is enjoined to make every person and thing 
sustain its proper character, observing the scene of action, 
the country or place, and making the habits, arms, man- 
ners and proportions correspond. Hence, tlie observance 
of this rule in execution. 2. Aii established mode of 
dress. 

€0-SUF'FER-ER, n. One who suffers with another. 

CO-SU-PReME', 71. A partaker of supremacy. 

€0-StjRE'TY, n. One who is surety with another. Mass. 
Rej). 

t'OT, COTE, or COAT, at the end of the names of places, 
come generally from the Saxon cot, a cottage. Gibson. 

e 3T, or COTE, n. [Sax. cot, cote, cyte.] 1. A small house ; 
a hut ; a mean habitation ; also, a shed or inclosure for 
beasts. 2. A leathern cover for a sore finger. 3. An 
abridgment of cot(/wea?t. 4. A cade lamb 5 [local.] Grose. 
5. A little boat. 

CO-TAB'U-LATS. See Contabulate. 

CO-TAN'6ENT, n. The tangent of an arc which is the 
complement of another to ninety degrees. 

COTE. See Quote, which was formerly written cote. 

COTE, 71. A sheepfold. See Cot. 

COT35, V. t. To pass by and turn before ; to gain ground in 
coursing and give a competitor the turn. [Little used.] 

€0-TEM-PO-Ra'NE-OUS, a. Living or being at the same 
time. 

eOTEM'PO-RA-RY, a. Living or being at the same time. 
Locke. 

€0 TEM'PO-RA-RY, n. One who lives at the same time 



with another. [I consider this word as preferable to con- 
temporary, as being more easily pronoimced.] 

CO-TEN'ANT, n. A tenant in common. Kent. 

CO-TE-RlE', n. [Fr.] A friendly party, or fashionable 
association. 

€0-THURN'ATE, ) a. Buskined ; relating to tragedy 

CO-THURN'A-TED, \ Cocker ara. 

CO-TIC'lI-LAR, a. [L. coticula.] Pertaining to whetstones , 
like, or suitable for whetstones. Kirwan. 

CO-TIL'LON, (ko-til'yun) n. [Fr.] A brisk dance, per- 
formed by eight persons together ; also, a tune which reg- 
ulates the dance. 

COT'LAND, 71. Land appendant to a cottage. 

COT'Q,UEAiV, 7/.. A man who busies himself with the af- 
fair's which properly belong to women. 

CO-TRUS-TEE', k. A joint trustee. ^e7it. 

COTS'WoLD, 7t. [Sax. cote and wold.] Sheepcotes in an 
open country. 

COTT, n. [Sax. cot, cote.] A small bed ; 071 hoard of ships, 
a bed frame suspended from the beams, for the officers to 
sleep in, between the decks ; a piece of canvas, extended 
by a frame. 

eOT'TA6E, n. A cot ; a hut ; a small, mean habitation. 

COT'TAGED, a. Set or covered with cottages. 

COT'TAOE-LY, a. Rustic ; suitable to a cottage. 

COT'TA-GER, n. 1. One who lives in a hut or cottage.— 
2. In law, one who lives on a common, without paying 
any rent, or having land of his own. 

COT'TER, COT'TAR, or COT'TIER, 71. A cottager. 

COT'TON, (kot'tn) n. [Fr. coton ; It. cotone.] 1. A soft, 
downy substance, resembling fine wool, growuig in the 
capsules or pods of a shrub, called the cotton-plant. 2. 
Cloth made of cotton. 

COT'TON, a. Pertaining to cotton ; made of cotton 5 con- 
sisting of cotton. 

COTTON, V. i. 1. To rise with a nap. Johnson. 2. To ce- 
ment ; to unite with ; a cant word. Swift. 

C0T'T0N-6IN, n. A machine to separate the seeds from 
cotton, invented by E. Whitney. 

COT'TON-GRASS, n. A genus of plants, the eriophm-um. 

€0T'TON-MA-CHiNE', 7i.. A machine for carding or spin- 
ning cotton. 

COT'TON-MILL, n. A mill or building with machinery for 
carding, roving, and spinning cotton, by the force of wa- 
ter or steam. 

COT'TON-PLANT, } n. A plant or shrub of the genus gos- 

COT'TON-SHRUB, \ sypUim, of several species, all grow- 
ing in warm climates. 

COT'TON-THIS'TLE, n. A plant, the onopordim. 

COT'TON-WEED, n. A plant, the jilago. The name is 
given also to the gvaphaUum, cud-weed, or goldy-locks. 

COT'TON-Y, or COT'TON-OUS, a. 1. Downy ; nappy ; 
covered with hairs or pubescence like cotton. Martyn. 2. 
Soft, like cotton. 

CO'TY-LE, or Co'TY-LA, n. [Gr. /coruX??.] The cavity of 
a bone which receives the end of another in articulation. 

eO-TYL'E-DON, 71. [Gr. Korv\r]^wi>.] 1, In botany, the 
perishable lobe ox placenta of the seeds of plants. — 2. jn 
anatomy, a little glandular body adhering to the chorion 
of some animals. 3. A genus of plants, navel-wort, or 
kidnev-wort, of several species. 

COT-Y-LED'O-NOUS, a. Pertaining to cotyledons ; having 
a seed-lobe. 

COUCH, V. i. [Fr. couche.] 1. To lie down, as on a bed or 
place of repose. 2. To lie down on the knees 3 to stoop 
and recline on the knees, as a beasti 3. To lie down in 
secret or in ambush 5 to lie close and concealed. 4. To 
lie ; to lie in a bed or stratum. 5. To stoop 3 to bend the 
body or back 5 to lower in reverence, or to bend under 
labor, pain, or a burden. 

COUCH, V. t. 1. To lay down 5 to Tepose on a bed or place 
of rest. 2. To lay down ; to spread on a bed or floor. 3. 
To lay close, or in a stratum. 4. To hide ; to lay close, 
or in another body. 5. To include secretly ; to hide 3 or 
to express in obscure terms, that imply what is to be un- 
derstood. 6. To involve 3 to include; to comprise; to 
comprehend or express. 7. To lie close. 8. To fix a 
spear in the rest, in the posture of attack. 9. To depress 
the condensed crystaiine humor or film that overspreads 
the pupil of the eye. To remove a cataract. 

COUCH, 71. 1. A bed ; a place for rest or sleep. 2. A seat 
of repose ; a place for rest and ease, on which it is com 
mon to lie down undressed. 3. A layer or stratum. — 4. 
In painting, a lay or impression of color, in oil or water, 
covering the canvas, wall, or other matter to be painted. 
5. Any lay, or impression, used to make a tiling finn or 
consistent, or to screen it from the weather. 6. A cover- 
ing of gold or silver leaf, laid on any substance to be gild- 
ed or silvered. 

COUCH'ANT, a. [Fr.] Lying down ; squatting,— In her- 
aldry, lying down with the head raised, which distin- 
guishes the posture of couchant from that of dormant, or 
sleeping ; applied to a lion or other beast. 

COUCHED, pp. Laid down 3 laid on 3 hid; included or 



^Sce Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, Do VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as Ln this, t Obsolete. 



cou 



198 



cou 



Involved ; laid close ; fixed in the rest, as a spear ; de- 
pressed or removed, as a cataract. 

€0UCH'EE, n. [Fr ] Bedtime ; late visiting at night. 
Dryden. 

€OUCH'ER, n. 1. One w^ho couches cataracts.— 2. In old 
English statutes, a factor ; a resident in a country for 
traffick. 3. A book in which a religious house register 
their acts. 

eOUCH'-FEL-LoW, n. A bed-fellow ; a companion in 
lodging. 

€OUCH'-GRASS, 7i. A species of grass, very injm-ious to 
other plants. 

COUCH'liNG, ppr. Lying down ; laying down ; -ymg close ; 
involving; including; expressing; depressing a cataract. 

eOUCH'ING, 11. The act of stooping or bowing. 

eOUGH, (kauf) n. [qu. D. kuch.] A violent effort of the 
lungs to throw off offending matter ; a violent, sometimes 
involuntary, and sonorous expiration, suddenly expeUing 
the air through tlie glottis. 

€OUGH, V. i. To have the lungs convulsed ; to make a vi- 
olent effort with noise, to expel the air from the lungs, 
and evacuate any offending matter that irritates the parts 
or renders respiration difficult. 

eOUGH, V. t. To expel from the lungs by a convulsive ef- 
'■'^n with noise ; to expectorate. 

eOcJGH'ER, n. One that coughs. 

eOUGH'ING, ppr. Expellmg from the lungs by a violent 
effort with noise ; expectorating. 

eOU'HAGE, n. A kind of kidney-beans 

GOULD, (kood) [The past tense of ca?;, according to our 
customary arrangement in grammar ; but, in reality, a dis- 
tinct word, can having no past tense. Could, we receive 
through the Celtic dialects, W. galhi. Corn, gaily. Arm. 
gallout, to be able.] Had sufficient physical or moral 
power or capacity. 

CoUL'TER. See Colter. 

COUN'CIL, ??. [Fr. concile ; Sp. concilio.] 1. An assembly 
of men summoned or convened for consultation, delibera- 
tion, and advice. 2. A body of men specially designated 
to advise a chief magistrate in the administration of the 
government, as in Great Britain. — 3. In some of the Amer- 
icanstates, a branch of the legislature, corresponding with 
the senate in other states, and called legislative coimcil. 
JyTew Jersey. 4. An assembly of prelates and doctors, 
convened for regulating matters of doctrine and discipline 
in the church. 5. Act of deliberation ; consultation of a 
council. — Common council of a city generally is the body 
of representatives of the citizens. — Ecujnenical council, in 
church history, a general council or assembly of prelates 
and doctors, representing the whole church. — Privy coun- 
cil, a select council for advising a king in the administra- 
tion of the government. — Aidic council. See Aulic. 

€OUN'CIL-BoARD, n. Council-table ; the table round 
which a council holds consultation. Hence, the council 
itself in deliberation or session. 

€0UN'C1L-0R, n. The member of a council. SeeCouN- 

SELOB. 

€OUN'CIL-Ta-BLE, n. Council-board, 

eO-UN-DER-STAND'ING, n, Mutual understanding. How- 
ell. 

t CO-U-NTTE ,v.t.To unite. More. 

eOUN'SEL, n. [Fr. conseil.] 1. Advice ; opinion, or in- 
struction, given upon request or otherwise, for directing 
the judgment or conduct of another ; opinion given upon 
deliberation or consultation . 2. Consultation ; interchange 
of opinions. 3. Deliberation ; examination of conse- 
(luences. 4. Prudence ; deliberate opinion or judgment, 
or the faculty or habit of judging with caution. — 5. In a 
bad sense, evil advice or designs ; art ; machination. 6. 
Secrecy ; the secrets intrusted in consultation ; secret 
opinions or purposes.— 7. In a Scriptural sense, purpose ; 
design ; will ; decree. 8. Directions of God's word. 9. 
The will of God or his truth and doctiines concerning the 
way of salvation. 10. Those who give counsel in law ; 
any counselor or advocate, or any number of counselors, 
barristers or sergeants. 

eOUN'SEL, V. t. [L. consilior.] 1. To give advice or de- 
liberate opinion to another for the government of his con- 
duct ; to advise. 2. To exhort, warn, admonish, or in- 
struct. 3. To advise or recommend ; [not much v^ed.] 
Dryden. 

eOTJN'SEL-KEEP'ER, n. One who can keep a secret. 
Shak. 

eOUN'SEL-KEEP'ING, a. Keeping secrets. 

€OUN SEL-A-BLE, a. Willing to receive counsel ; dis- 
posed to follow the advice or opinions of others 

COUN'SELED, pp. Advised ; instructed ; admonished. 

€OUN'SEL-ING, ppr. Advising ; instructing ; admonish- 
ing. 

€OUN'SEL-OR, v. 1. Any person who gives advice , but 
properly, one who is authorized by natural relationship, 
or by birth, office or profession, to advise another in te- 
gard to his future conduct and measures. 2. A mem- 
ber of a council ; one appointed to advise a king or chief 



magistrate. 3. One who is consulted by a client in a law 
case ; one who gives advice in relation to a question Oi 
law ; one whose profession is to give advice in law, and 
manage causes for clients. — Privy counselor, a member ol 
a privy council. 

€OUN'SEL-OR-SHIP, n. The office of a counselor, or privy 
counselor. 

COUNT, w. i. [Fv. conter.] 1. To number ; to tell or name 
one by one, or by small numbers, for ascertaining the 
whole number of units in a collection 2. To reckon ; to 
preserve a reckoning ; to compute. 3. To reckon ; to 
place to an account ; to ascribe or impute^; to consider or 
esteem as belonging. 4. To esteem ; to account ; to 
reckon ; to think, judge or consider. 5. To impute ; to 
charge. 

COUNT, V. i. To coiint on or upon, to reckon upon ; to 
found an account or scheme on ; to rely on. 

€OUNT, 71. [Yx.conteanAcomptc.'] 1. Reckoning; the act 
of numbering. 2. Number. — 3. In law, a particular 
charge in an indictment, or narration in pleading, settuig 
forth the cause of complaint. 

COUNT, n. [Fr. comte.\ A title of nobility, on the conti> 
nent of Europe, equivalent to the English earl, and whose 
domain is a county. An earl : the alderman of a sliire. 

COUNT'-WHEEL, n. The wheel in a clock which moves 
round and causes it to strike. 

COUNT'A-BLE, a. That may be numbered. Spenser. 

COUNT'ED, pp. Numbered ; told ; esteemed ; reckoned ; 
imputed. 

COUN'TE-NANCE, Ti. [Fr. contenance.] 1. Literally, the 
contents of a body ; the outline and extent which consti- 
tutes the whole figure or external appearance. Appropri- 
ately, the human face ; the whole form of the face, or 
system of features ; visage. 2. Air ; look ; aspect ; ap- 
pearance of the face. 3. The face or look of a beast. 4. 
Favor ; good will ; kindness. 5. Support ; aid ; patron- 
age ; encouragement ; favor in promoting and maintain- 
ing a person or cause. 6. Show ; resemblance ; superfi- 
cial appearance. — 7. In law, credit or estimation. — To 
keep the countenance, is to preserve a calm, composed, or 
natural look, unruffled by passion. — In countenai)/:e, in fa- 
vor ; in estimation. — To keep in countenance, to give assur- 
ance or courage to ; to support ; to aid by favor. — To put in 
countenance, to give assurance ; to encourage ; or to bring 
into favor ; to support. — Out of countenance, confounded 
abashed ; with the countenance cast down ; not bold or 
assured. — To put out of counteAance, to cause the counte- 
nance to fall ; to abash ; to intimidate ; to disconcert. 

COUN'TE-'NANCE, v. t. I. To favor ; to encourage by 
opinion or words. 2. To aid ; to support ; to encomage ; 
to abet ; to vindicate by any means. 3. To encourage ; 
to appear in defense. 4. To make a show of. 5. To keep 
an appearance. 

COUN'TE-NANCED,^;). Favored ; encouraged ; supported. 

COUN'TE-NAN-CER, n. One who countenances, favors oi 
supports. 

COUK'TE-NAN-CING, ppr. Favoring ; encouraging ; sup- 
porting. 

COUNT'ER, 92. 1. A false piece of money or stamped 
metal, used as means of reckoning ; any thing used to 
keep an account or reckoning, as in games. 2. Money, 
in contempt. 3. A table or board on which money is 
counted ; a table on which goods in a shop are laid for ex- 
amination by purchasers. 4. The name of certain prisons 
in London. 5. One that counts or reckons ; also, an au- 
ditor. 6. Encounter ; [not used.] — 7. In ships, an arch or 
vault, whose upper part is terminated by the bottom of 
the stern. — Counter of a horse, that part of a horse's fore- 
hand which hes between the shoulder and under the 
neck. " 

COUN'TER, adv. [Fr. contre ; L. contra.] 1. Contrary ; 
in opposition ; in an opposite direction ; used chiefly with 
run or go ; as, to run counter to the rules of virtue. 2. 
The wrong way ; contrary to the right course. 3. Con- 
trariwise ; in a contrary manner. 4. The face, or at the 
face ; [not used.] Sandys. This word is prefixed to many 
otbers, chiefly verbs and nouns, expressing opposition. 

COUN-TER-ACT', v. t. To act in opposition to ; to hinder, 
defeat or frustrate by contrary agency. 

€OUN-TER-ACT'ED, pp. Hindered ; frustrated ; defeated 
by contrary agency. 

€OLTN-TER-ACT'ING, ppr. Hindering ; frustrating. 

€OUN-TER-AC'TION, n. Action in opposition ; hin- 
derance. 

COUN'TER-AT-TRAC'TION, n. Opposite attraction. 

€OUN-TER-BAL'ANCE, v. t. To weigh against ; to weigh 
against with an equal weight ; to act against with equal 
power or effect ; to countervail. 

€OUN-TER-BAL'ANCE, ?i. Equal weight, power or agen- 
cy acting in onposition to any thing. 

€OUN-TER-RAL'ANCED, pp. Opposed by equal weight, 
power or effect. 

COUN-TER-BAL'AN-CING, ppr. Opposing by equal 
weight, power, or operation. 



* See Synopsis a, E I, O, U, ^, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PlN, MARINE, BIRD ■ 



t Obsolete. 



cou 



J99 



COU 



eOL'N'TER-BOND, n A bond to save harmless one who 
has given bond for another. 

eOUM-TER-BUFF', v. t. To strike back or in an opposite 
direction ; to drive back ; to stop by a blow or impulse in 
front. 

€OUN'TER-BUFF, n. A blow in an opposite direction ; a 
stroke that stops motion, or causes a recoil. 

€OUN-TER-BUFF'ED, (koun-ter-buff) pp. Struck with a 
blow in opposition. 

eOUN'TER-eAST, n. Delusive contrivance 5 contrary 
cast. 

€OUN'TER-€AST-ER, n. A caster of accounts ; a reckon- 
er ; a book-keeper, in contempt. 

€OUN'TER-CHaNGE, n. Exchange ; reciprocation. 

€0[JN-TER-CHaNGE', v. t. To give and receive ; or to 
cause to change places. 

eOUN-TER-CHANG'ED, (koun-ter-chanjd') pp. Exchang- 
ed. — In heraldry, intermixed, as the colors of the field 
and charge. 

eOUN'f ER-CHARM, n. That which has the power of 
dissolving or opposing the effect of a charm. 

€0(JN-TER-CHaRM/, v. t. To destroy the effect of encJiant- 
nieiit. 

€OUN-TER-CHE€K', v. t. To oppose or stop by some ob- 
stacle ; to cheek. 

€OUN'TER-CHE€K, n. Check 5 stop; rebuke; or a cen- 
sure to check a reprover. 

€OUN-TER-€UR'RENT, a. Running in an opposite direc- 
tion. Kirioan. 

€OUN'TER-€UR-RENT, n. A current in an opposite di- 
rection. 

€OUN-TER-DIS-TINe'TION, n. Contradistinction. 

COUN-TER-DRAW, v. t. In painting, to copy a design or 
painting, by means of a fine linen cloth, an oiied })aper, or 
other transparent matter, whrreon the strokes appearing 
thiough, they are traced with a pencil. 

euUN-TER-DRAW'ING, ppr. Copying by means of lines 
drawn on some transparent matter. 

eOUN-TER-DRAWN', pp. Copied from lines drawn on 
something else'.' 

€OUN'TEK-EV'l-DENCE, n. Opposite evidence ] evi- 
dence or testimony which opposes other evidence. 

eOUN-TER-FAI'SANCE. See Counterfesance. 

eOUN'TER-FElT, (koun'ter-fit) v. t. [Fr. contrefaire, con- 
trefait.] 1. To forge ; to copy or imitate, without author- 
ity or right, and with a view to deceive or defraud, by 
passing the copy or thihg forged for that which is original 
or genuine. 2. To imitate ; to copy ; to make or put on a 

eOUN'TER FEiT, v. i. To feign ; to dissemble ; to carry 
on a fiction or deception. Shak. 

eOUN'TER-FElT, a. 1. Forged ; fictitious ; false ; fabri- 
cated without right ; made in imitation of something else, 
with a view to defraud, by passing tlie false copy for 
genuine or original. 2. Assuming the appearance of 
something 3 false ; hypocritical. S. Having the resem- 
blance of"; false ; not genuine. 

eOUN'TER-FElT, n. 1. A cheat; a deceitful person; one 
who pretends to be what he is not ; one who personates 
another; an impostor. — 2. In law, one who obtains money 
or goods by counterfeit letters or false tokens. 3. That 
which is made in imitation of something, but without 
lawful authority, and with a view to defraud, by pass- 
ing the false for the true. 

€OUN'TER-FEiT-ED, pp. 1. Forged ; made in imitation of 
something, with a view to defraud ; copied ; imitated ; 
feigned. 

€OLTN'TER-FElT-ER, 71. 1. One who counterfeits ; a 
forger. 2. One who copies or imitates ; one who assumes 
a false appearance. 3. One who endeavours to set off a 
thing in false colors. 

€OUN'TER-FElT-LY, adv. By forgery ; falsely ; fictitious- 
ly- 

t €OUN'TER-FEIT-NESS, n. The state of being counter- 
feit. 

€OUN-TER-FER'MENT, n. Ferment opposed to ferment. 
Addison. 

t COUN-TER-Fe'SANCE, n. [Fr. contrefaisance.] The 
act of forging ; forgery. 

COUNTER-FOIL, or COUN'TER-STOCK, n. That part 
of a tally struck in the exchequer, which is kept by an 
officer in that court, the other being delivered to the per- 
son who has lent the king mon«y on the account, and is 
called the stock. 

eOUN'TER-FoRT, n. A buttress, spur or pillar serving to 
support a wall or terrace subject to bulge. 

€OUN'TER-GA6E, n. In carpentry, a method used to 
measure the joints, by transferring the breadth of a mor- 
tise to the place where the tenon is to be, in order to 
make them fit each other. 

eOUN'TER-GUARD, n. In fortification, a small rampart or 
work raised before the point of a bastion, consisting of 
two long faces parallel to the faces of the bastion, making 
a salient angle, to preserve the bastion. 



eoUN'TER-IN'FLU-ENCE, v. t. To hinder by opposing 

influence. [Little used.] 

COUN-TER-LI-BRa'TION. See Libratiok 

COUN'TER-LiGHT, n. A light opposite to any thing. 
which makes it appear to disadvantage. 

€00N-TER-M;\ND', v. t. [Fr. contreiaander.] 1. To re- 
voke a former command, or to give an order contrary to 
one before given, which annuls a former command, and 
forbids its execution. 2. To oppose ; to contradict the or- 
ders of another. 3. To prohibit; [little used.] Harvey. 

COUN'TER-MaND, n. A contrary order; revocation of a 
former order or command. Shak. 

COUN-TER-MAND'ED, pp. Revoked ; annulled, as an or- 
der. 

COUN-TER-MAND'ING, ppr. Revoking a former order 
giving directions contrary to a former command. 

COUN-TER-MaRCH', v. i. To marcJi back. 

COUN'TER-MaRCH, n. 1. A marching back ; a returning 

2. A change of the wings or face of a battalion, so as to 
bring the right to tlie left, or the front into the rear. Cyc. 

3. A change of measures ; alteration of conduct. 
COUJV'TER-MaRK, n. 1. A second or third mark put on a 

bale of goods belonging to several merchants, that it may 
not be opened, but in the presence of all the owners. 2. 
The mark of the Goldsmith's Company, to show the metal 
to be standard, added to that of the artificer. 3. An arti- 
ficial cavity made in the teeth of horses, that liave out- 
grown their natural mark, to disguise their age. 4. A 
mark added to a medal, a long time after it has been 
struck, by which its several changes of value may be 
known. 
COUiN-TER-MARK', v. t. To mark the corner teeth of a 

horse by an artificial cavitv, to disguise his age. 
COU^'TER-MlNE, n. 1. in military affairs, a well and 
gallery sunk in the earth, and running under ground, in 
search of the enemy's mine, or till it meets it, to defeat 
its effect. 2. Means of opposition or counteraction. 3. A 
stratagem or project to fi-ustrate any contrivance. 
€OUN-TER-MiJNE', v. t. 1. To sink a well and gallery in 
the earth, in search of an enemy's mine, to frustrate" his 
designs. 2. To counterwork ; to frustrate by secret and 
opposite measures. 
COUJM'TER-Mo'TION, n. An opposite motion; a motion 

counteracting another. 
COUN'TER-MOVE'MENT, n. A movement in opposition 

to another. 
COUN'TER-MURE, n. [Fr. contremur.] A wall raised 
behind another, to supply its place when a breach is 
made. 
COUN'TER-MURE, v. t. To fortify with a wall behind an 

other. 
€OUN'TER-NAT'TT-RAL, a. Contrary to nature. 
COUN'TER-NE-GO-TI-A'TION, n. Negotiation in oiposi- 

tion to other negotiation. 
COUN'TER-NOiSE, 71. A noise or sound by which anotner 

noise or sound is overpowered. 
COUN'TER-O'PEN-ING, n. An aperture or vent on the op- 
posite side, or in a different place. 
€OUN'TER-PACE, n. A step or measure in opposition to 

another ; con_trary measure or attempt. 
COUN'TER-PaLED, a. In heraldry, is when the escutch- 
eon is divided into twelve pales parted perfesse, the two 
colors being counterchanged, so that the upper and 
lower are of different colors. 
€OUN'TER-PANE, n. 1. A particular kind of coverlet for 
a bed. See Counterpoint. 2. One part of an inden- 
ture ; [obs.] 
€OUN'TER-PART, n. 1. The correspondent part; the 
part that answers to another, as the two papers of a con- 
tract or indentures ; a copy ; a duplicate. Also, the part 
which fits another, as the key of a cipher. Jlddison. — S,. In 
music, the part to be applied to another. 
COUN-TER-PAS'SANT, a. In heraldry, is when two lions 

in a coat of arms are represented as going contrary ways 
€OUN'TER-PE-Ti 'TION, n. A petition in opposition to 

another. Clarendon. 
€OUN'TER-PE-TI"TION, v. i. To petition against another 

petition. 
COUN'TER-PLeA, n. In law a replication to a plea, or 

request. Cowel. 
COUN-TER-PLOT', v. t. To oppose one plot to another; to 

attempt to frustrate stratagem by stratagem. 
COUN'TER-PLOT, n. A plot or artifice opposed to another, 
COUN'TER-PLOT-TING, n. A plotting in opposition to a 

stratagem. 
COUN'TER-POINT, n. [Fr. contrepointe.] 1. A coverlet - 
a cover for a bed, stit-ched or woven in squares ; written, 
corruptly, counterpane. — 2. In music, counterpoint is when 
the musical characters, by which the notes in each part 
are signified, are placed in such a manner, each with re- 
spect to each, as to show how th« parts answer one to an- 
other. 3. An opposite point. 
COUN'TER-POISE,?;. t. [Fr. <;ow«re;?eser.] 1 To counter- 
balance ; to weigh against with equal weight ; to be equi- 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— ByLL, UNITE.— € as K ; C as J ; fS as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this f Obsolete. 



cou 



200 



COU 



ponderantto ; to equal in weight. 2. To act against with 
equal power or efl'ect ; to balance. 

eOUN'TER-POISE, v. [Fr. contrepoids.] 1. Equal weiglit 
acting in opposition to something ; equiponderance ; a 
weiglit suificient to balance another in tlie opposite scale ; 
equal balance. 2. Equal power or force acting in opposi- 
tion ; a force sufficient to balance another force ; equipol- 
lencc. — 3. Inlhe manege, a position of the rider in which 
Jiis body is duly btilanced in his seat, not inclined more 
to one side than the other. 

eOUNiTERWoiSEi), pp. Balanced by an equivalent oppos- 
ing weight, or by equal power. 

eOLINTERiPOIS-IJNG, ppr. Balancing by equal weight in 
llie opposite scale, or by equal power. 

€OUN'T£R-P01-SON, 7t. One poison that destroys the ef- 
fect of another ; an antidote ; a medicine that obviates the 
effects of poison. 

euCN-TER-PilA€'TICE, v. Practice in opposition to an- 
other. 

ecjaiVTER-PRESS'URE, n. Opposing pressure ; a force or 
pressure that acts in a contrary direction. 

€OUN'TER-PROJ-EeT, n. A project, scheme or proposal 
of one party, given in opposition to another, before given 
by the other party. 

eolliN'TER-PRGOE, n. In rollmg-press printing, a print 
taken oft' from anotlier fresh printed, which, by being 
passed through tlie press, gives the figure of the former, 
but inverted. 

et)UN'TEll-FROVE, v. t. To take off a design in black lead 
or red chalk, by passing it through a rolling-press with an- 
other piece of paper, both behig moistened with a spunge. 

eOUN'TER-REV-O-Lu'TlON, n. A revolution opposed to 
a former one, and restoring a former state of things. 

euUN'TER-REV-O-Ltj'TION-A-ilY, a. Pertaining to a 
counter-revolution. 

€OUJM'TER-REV-0-Lti'TION-IST, n. One engaged irl or 
befriending a_counter-re volution. 

€OUN'TER-RoLL, n. 1. In law, a counterpart or copy of 
the rolls, relating to appeals, inquests, &c. 2. As a verb, 
this word is contracted into control, which see. 

€OUN-TER-ROL'MENT, n. A counter account. 

€OUN'TER-Sa'LI-ANT, a. [Fr. contre and saillir.] In 
heraldry, is when two beasts are borne in a coat leaping 
from each other. 

eOUN'TER-S€ARF, n. The same with counterscarp. 

€0UN'TER-S€ARP, 7)1. {Fr. contrescarpe.] In fortification, 
the exf^rior talus or slope of the ditch, or the talus that 
supports the earth of the covered way 5 but it often signi- 
fies the whole covered way, with its parapet; and glacis. 

eOUN'TER-S€UF-FLE, n. Opposite scuffle; contest. 

eOUNiTER-SEAL, v. t. To seal with another. 

eOUN'TER-SE-euRE', v. t. To secure one who has given 
security. 

€OUN'TER-SE-€u'RI-TY, n. Security given to one who 
lias entered into l)onds or become security for another. 

€OUN'TER-SENSE, n. Opposite meaning. Howell. 

eOUN'TER-SlGN, 21. t. Literally, to sign on the opposite 
side of an instrument or writing ; hence, to sign, as sec- 
retary or other subordinate officer, a writing signed by a 
principal or superior, to attest the authenticity of the writ- 
ing. 

€OUiV'TER-STGN, n. A private signal, word or phrase, 
given to soldiers on guard, with orders to let no man 
pass unless he first names that sign ; a military watch- 
word. 

€OUN'TER-SIG-NAL, n. A signal to answer or corre- 
spond to anotlier ; a naval term. 

€OUN'TER-SIG'NA-TURE, n. The name of a secretary, 
or other subordinate officer, countersigned to a writing. 

€OUN'TEF.-SiGNED, pp. Signed by a secretary or other 
subordinate officer. 

eOUN'TER-SiGN-ING, ypr. Attesting by the signature of a 
subordinate officer. 

COUN'TER-SNARL, n. Snarl in defense or opposition. 

€OUN-TER-STAT'UTE, n. A contrary statute, or ordi- 
nance. 

eOUN'TER-STROKE, n. A contrary stroke ; a stroke re- 
turned. 

€OUN-TER-SuRE'TY, n. A counterbond, or a surety to 
secure one that has given security 

€OUN'TER-SWAY, n. Contrary sway 3 opposite influ- 
ence. 

eOUN'TER-TAL-LY, n. A tally corresponding to another. 

€OUN'TER-TASTE, n. Opposite or false taste. 

€OUN-TER-TEN'OR, or €OUN'TER, n. In music, one of 
the middle paits, between the tenor and the treble ; high 
tenor. 
€OUN'TER-TtDE, n. Contrary tide. 

eOQN'TER-TIME, n. 1. In tJie manege, the defense or re- 
sistance of a horse that interrupts his cadence and the 
measure of his manege, occasioned by a bad horseman or 
the bad temper of the horse. 2. Resistance ; opposition. 
eOUN'TER-TURN, n. The hejglit of a play, which puts 
an end to expectation. 



COUN-TER-VaIL', v. t. To act against with equal force oj 
power ; to equal ; to act with equivalent effect against any 
thing ; to balance ; to compensate. 

COUN'TER-VAIL, n. Equal weight or strength ; power or 
value sufficient to obviate any effect 3 equal weight or 
vtilue ; compensation 3 requital. 

€OUN-TER-VaIL'ED, (koun-ter-vald') pp. Acted against 
with equal force or power 5 balanced ; compensated. 

€OUN-TER-VaIL'ING,p^?-. Opposing with equal strength 
Qi value 3 balancing ; obviating an effect. 

€0UN'TER-VIEW, (koun'ter-vu) n. 1. An opposite or op- 
posing view ; opposition 3 a posture in which two persons 
front each other. 2. ContrEist 3 a position in which two 
dissimilar things illustrate each other by opposition. 

€0UN'TER-V0TE, V t. To vote in opposition 3 to outvote. 
Scott. 

COUN'TEE-WEIGH, v. t. To weigh against , to counter • 
balance. Jischam. 

COUN'TER-WIIEEL, v. t. To cause to wheel in an oppo- 
site direction. 

€OUN'TER-WIND, n. Contrary wind. 

€OUN-TER.-"WoRK', v. t. To work in opposition to; to 
counteract ; to hinder any effect by contrary operations. 

COUN-TER-WROIJGHT', (koun-ter-rauf) pp. Counteract- 
ed 3 opposed by contrary action. 

COUNT'ESS, n. [Fr. comtcsse.] The consort of an earl or 
count. 

COUNT'ING-HOUSE, ) n. The house or room appropriated 

COUNT'ING-ROOM, \ by merchants, traders, and man- 
ufacturers to the business of keeping their books, accounts, 
letters and pajiers. 

COUNT'LESS, a. That cannot be counted 3 not having 
the number ascertained, nor ascertainable 3 innumera- 
ble. 

CoUN'TRY, (kun'try) n. [Fr. coritre'e.] 1. Properly, the 
land lying about or neai a city ; the territory situated in 
the vicinity of a city. 2. The whole territory of a king- 
dom or state, as opposed to city. 3. Any tract of land, or 
inhabited land 3 any region, as distinguished from other 
regions 5 a kingdom, state or less district. 4. The king- 
dom, state or tenitory in which one is born ; the land of 
nativity 3 or the particular district, indefinitely, in which 
one is born, 5. The region in which one resides. 6 
Land, a? opposed to water ; or inhabited territory. 7 
The inhabitants of a region. &. A place of residence 3 a. 
region of permanent habitation. — 9. In law, a jury or ju- 
rors 3 as, trial by tlie country. 

eoUN'TRY, a. I. Pertaimng to the country or territory at 
a distance from a city ; rural 3 rustic. 2. Pertaining or 
peculiar to one's own country. 3. Rude ; ignorant - - 
Country^dance, an en-oneous orthography. See Contra- 

DANCE. 

€6UN'TRY-MAN, n. 1. One born in the same country 
with another. 2. One who dwells in the country, as op- 
posed to a citizen 3 a rustic ; a farmer or husbandman 3 a 
man of plain, unpolished manners. 3. An inhabitant or 
native of a region. 

eoUN'TY, 71. [Fr. coTTit^.] 1. Originally, an eaxldom ; the 
district or territory of a count or earl. Now, a circuit or 
particular portion of a state or kingdom, separated from the 
rest of the territory, for certain purposes in the adminis- 
tration of justice. It is called also a s/t7rc. [See Shire.] 
2. A count 3 an earl or lord 3 [obs.] Shale. — County Co'ait, 
the court whose jurisdiction is limited to a county, whose 
powers, in j3me/-ica, depend on statutes. — County palatine, 
in England, is a county distinguished by particular privi- 
leges.— Com7i^7/ corporate is a county invested witli par- 
ticular privileges by charter or royal grant 3 as London, 
York, Bristol, &c. 

COUN'TY, a. Pertaimng to a county3 as, county court. 

COUP-DE-MAIN, (koo-de-mane') n. [Fr.] A military ex- 
pression, denoting an instantaneous, unexpected, gener- 
ally desperate attack. 

COUP-D'OEIL, (koo-daJe') n. [Fr.] The first view of any 
thing 5 a slight view of it. 

CoU-PEE', 71. [Fr. co?/^e7-.] A motion in dancing, wlien 
one leg is a little bent and suspended from the grouhd, 
and with the other a motion is made forward 

COUP'ING-GLASS. See Cup?ing-glass. 

CoUP'LA-BLE, a. Fit to be coupled with. Cotgrave. 

CoUP'LE, (kup'pl) n. [Fr. couple.] 1. Two of the same 
species or kind, and near in place, or considered together 

2. Two things of any kind connected or linked together 

3. A male and a female connected by marriage, betrothed 
or jtllied. 4. That which links or connects two things 
together 3 a chain. 

CoUP'LE, V. t. [Fr. coupler.] 1. To link, chain or connect 
one thing with another ; to sew or fasten together. 2. To 
marry 3 to wed 3 to unite, as husband and wife. 

CoUP'LE, 7). i. To embrace, as the sexes. Dryden. 

CoUP'LE-BEG'GAR, n. One that makes it his business to 
marry beggars to each other. Swift. 

CoUP'LED, pp. United, as two things 3 linked; married. 

COUP'LE-MENT, n. Ifnion. Spenser. 



* See Sipwpsis. a, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR. FALL. WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD • 



t Obsolete. 



cou 



201 



COU 



€6UP'LET, (kup'plet) n, [Ft.] 1. Two verses ; a pair of 
rliymes. 2. A division of a hymn or ode in wliich an 
equal number or equal measure of verset is found In each 
part, called a strophe. 3. A pair ; [not used.] Shak. 

eoUP'LING, ppr. Uniting in couples ; fastening or connect- 
ing togetlier ; embracing. 

€6UP'LING, n. 1. That which couples or connects. 2. 
The act of coupling. 

€6UR AGE, (liur'rage) n. [Fr., Sp. corage ; It. coraggio.] 
Bravery ; intrepidity ; that quality of mind which ena- 
bles men to encounter danger and difficulties with firm- 
ness, or without fear or depression of spirits j valor 5 bold- 
ness ; resolution. 

eoUR'AGE, V. t. To encourage. Huloct. 

€6UE,-A'6EOUS, a. Brave ; bold ; daring ; intrepid ; hardy 
to encounter ditficulties and dangers ; adventurous : en- 
terprising. 

€6UE,-A'6E0US-LY, adv. With courage 5 bravely ; bold- 
ly ; stoutly. 

€oUR-A'GEOUS-NESS, n. Courage j boldness; bravery; 
intrepidity ; spirit ; valor. 

GOu-RaNT', )n. \¥i. courante.] 1. A piece of music in 

OoU-RaN'TO, \ triple time ; also, a kind of dance, con- 
sisting of a time, a step, a balance and a coupee. 2. The 
title of a newspaper. 

COU-RAP', n. A distemper in the East Indies ; a kind of 
herpes or itch in the armpits, groin, breast and face. 

t €oURB, V. i. [Fr. courber.] To bend. 4 

t eoURB, a. Crooked. 

eOUR'BA-RIL, n. Gum anime, which flows from the hij- 
mejy^a, a tree of South America; used for varnishing. 

^CGU'RIkR, 71. [Fr. courier.] A messenger sent express, 
for conveying letters or dispatches on public business. 

Course, 7i. [Ft. course.] l. in its general sense, a pass- 
ing ; a moving, or motion forward, m a direct or curving 
line ; applicable to any body or substance, solid or fluid. 
— .Applied to animals, a running, or walking; a race; a 
career ; a passing, or passage. — Applied t6 Jluids, a flow- 
ing, as in a stream in any direction. — Applied to solid bad- 
ies, it signifies motion or passing. — Applied to navigation, 
it signifies a passing or motion on water, or in balloons in 
air ; a voyage. 2. The direction of motion ; line of ad- 
vancing ; point of compass, in which motion is directed. 
— In technical languao-e, the angle contained between the 
nearest meridian and llTat point of compass on which a 
ship sails in any direction. 3. Ground on which a race 
is run. 4. A passing or process ; the progress of any 
thing. 5. Order of proceeding or of passing from an an- 
cestor to an heir. G. Order ; turn ; class ; succession of 
one to another in office or duty. 7. Stated and orderly 
method of proceeding ; usual manner. 8. Series of suc- 
cessive and methodical procedure ; a train of acts, or ap- 
plications. 9. A methodical series, applied to the arts or 
sciences ; a systemized order of principles in arts or sci- 
ences, for illustration or instruction. 10. Manner of pro- 
ceeding ; way of life or conduct ; deportment ; series of 
actions. 11. Line of conduct ; manner of proceeding. 
12. JNfatural bent ; propensity ; uncontrolled will. 13. 
Tilt ; act of running in the lists. 14. Orderly structure ; 
system. 15. Any regular series. — In architectivre, a con- 
tinued range of stones, level or of the same lieight, 
throughout the whole length of the buildmg, and not in- 
terrupted by any aperture. A laying of bricks, &c. 16. 
Tlie dishes set on table at one time ; service of meat. 17. 
Regularity ; order ; regular succession. 18. Empty form. 
— 0/ course, by consequence ; in regular or natural or- 
der ; in the common manner of proceeding ; without spe- 
cial direction or provision. 

CoURS'ES, n. plu. 1. In a ship, the principal sails, as the 
main-sail, fore-sail, and mizzen ; sometimes the name is 
given to the stay-sails on the lower masts; also to tlie 
inain-stay-sails of all brigs and schooners. 2. Catanie- 
nia ; menstrual flux. 

Course, v. t. l. To hunt ; to pursue ; to chase. 2. To 
cause to nm ; to force to move with speed. 3. To run 
through or over. 

CoUP>.SE, V. i. To run ; to move with speed ; to run or 
move about ; as, the blood courses. 

CoURSED, pp. Hunted ; chased ; pursued ; caused to run. 

CoUIlS'ER, 71. 1. A swift horse ; a runner ; a war horse ; 
a icord used chiefly in poetry. Dryden. 2. One who 
hunts ; one who pursues the sport of coursing hares. 3. 
A disputant ; [not in iLse.] 

CoURS'EY, n. Part of the hatches in a galley. 

CoURS'ING, ppr. Hunting; chasing; running; flowing; 
compelling to run. 

CoURS'ING, 71. The act or sport of chasing and hunting 
liares, foxes or deer. 

er)URT, 71. [Sax. citrt ; Fr. cour ; It., Sp. corte.] 1. Aplacein 
front of a house, inclosed by a wall or fence ; in popular lan- 
guage, acouxt-yard. 2. A space inclosed by houses, broader 
than a street ; or a space forming a kind of recess from a 
public street. 3. A palace ; the place of residence of a 
king or sovereign prince. 4. The hall, chamber or place 



where justice is administered. 5. Persons who compose 
the retinue or council of a king or emperor. 6. The per- 
sons or judges assembled for heraing and deciding causes, 
civil, criminal, military, naval or ecclesiastical. 7. Any 
jurisdiction, civil, military or ecclesiastical. 8. The art 
of pleasing ; the art of insinuation ; civility ; flattery ; ad- 
dress to gain favor. — 9. In Scripture, an inclosed part of 
the entrance hito a palace or house. The tabernacle had 
one court ; the temple, three. 10. In the United States, a 
legislature consisting of two houses ; as the General 
Court of JMassachusetts. 11. A session of the legislature. 

Court, v. t. l. in a general sense, to flatter ; to endeavor 
to please by civilities and address. 2. To woo ; to s^jlicit 
for marriage. 3. To attempt to gain by address ; to so- 
licit ; to seek. 

Court, v. l. To act the courtier; to imitate the mannti-s 
of the court. 

CoURT'-BAR'ON, 71. A baron's court; a court incident to 
a manor. 

CoURT'-BRED, a. Bred at court. Churchill. 

CoURT'-BREED-ING, n. Education at a court. Milton. 

CoURT'-BUB-BLE, n. The trifle of a court. Beaumont. 

CoURT'-CARD. See Coat-card. 

CoURT'-CHAP-LAIN, n. A chaplain to a king or prince. 

CoURT'-CUP'BoARD, n. The sideboard of ancient days. 

CoURT'-DAY, 71. A day in which a court sits to adminis- 
ter justice. 

CoURT'-DRESS, n. A dress suitable for an appearance at 
court or levee. 

CoURT'-DRESS-ER, n. A flatterer. LocJie. 

C6URT'-P ASH-ION, n. The fashion of a court. 

CoURT'-fA-VOR, 71. A favor or benefit bestowed by a 
court or prince. L'Esr>-ange. 

CoURT'-HAND, n. Tlie hand or manner of writing used 
in records and judicial proceedings. Shak. 

Court -HOUSE, n. a house in which established courts 
are held, or a house appropriated to courts and public 
meetings. America. 

CoURT'-LA-DY, n. A lady who attends or is conversant 
hi court. 

CoURT -LEET, 77. A court of record held once a year, in 
a particular hundred, lordship or manor, before the stew- 
ard of the leet. 

CoURT'-MAR'iTAL, n. A court consisting of military 
or naval officers, for the trial of oflenses of a military char- 
acter. 

CoURT'ED,p2). Flattered; wooed; solicited in marriage ; 
souiiht. 

*CoURT-E-OUS,(kurt'e-us) a. [Fr. co^irtois.] 1. Polite; 
wellbred ; being of elegant manners ; civil ; obliging ; 
condescending ; applied to persons. 2. Polite ; civil ; 
graceful; elegant; complaisant: applied to mayiners, &cc. 

*CoURT-E-OUS-LY,arfi'. In a courteous manner ; with 
obliging civility and condescension ; coniplaibantly. 

*C0URT-E OUS.NESS,?i. Civility of manners ; obliging 
condescension ; complaisance. 

CoURT'ER, 7!. One who courts ; one who solicits in mar- 
riage. Sherwood. 

CoURT'E-SAN, (kur'te-zan) 71. [Fr. courtisane.] A prosti- 
tute ; a woman who prostitutes herself for hire, especial- 
Iv to men of rank. 

COURT-E-SY, (kurt'e-s_y) 71. [Fr. courtaisie.] ]. Ele- 
gance or politeness of manners ; especially politeness 
connected with kindness ; civility ; complaisance. 2, 
An act of civility or respect ; an act of kindness or favor 
performed with politeness. 3. A favor ; as, to hold upon 
courtesy. — Tenure by cozirtesy, or curtesy, is where a man 
marries a woman seized of an estate of inheritance, and 
has by her issue born alive, which was capable of inher- 
iting her estate ; in this case, on the death of his wife, he 
holds the lands for his life, as tenant by courtesy. 

COURT' E-SY, (kurtsy) n. The act of civility, respect or 
reverence performed by a woman. 

CoURT'E-SY, (kurt'sy) v. i. To perform an act of civility, 
respect or reverence, as a woman. 

fCoURT'E-SY, V. t. To treat with civility. 

CoURT'IER, (korte'yur) u. 1. A man who attends or fre- 
quents the courts of princes. Dryden. 2. One who courts 
or solicits the favor of anotlier ; one who flatters to 
please ; one who possesses the art of gaining favor by ad 
dress and complaisance. 

t CoURT'IER- Y, n. The manners of a courtier. 

CoUR'TENE. See Curtain. 

CcURTTNG, j?/)?-. Flattering; attempting to gain by ad 
dress ; wooing ; solicithig in marriage. 

CoURT'LiKE, a. Polite ; elegant. Camden. 

CoURT'LI-NESS, n. Elegance of manners ;-^ace of mien; 
civility ; complaisance with dignity. 

CoURT'LING, 77. A courtier ; a retainer to a court. 

CoURT'LY, a. Relating to a court ; elegant ; polite with 
dignity ; flattering. Pope. 

CoURT'LY, adv. In the manner of courts ; elegantly ; in 
a flattering manner 

CoURT'SHIP, n. 1. The act of soliciting favor. 2. The 



See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— B^JLL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this f Obsolete 



oov 



202 



COW 



act of wooing in love ; selicitation of a woman to mar- 
riage. 3. Civility ; elegance of manners ; [obs.] 

fJOUS'LN, (kuz'zn) n. [br.causin.] 1. Ln a. general sense, 
one collaterally related more remotely than a bro[;her or 
sister. 2. Appropriately, the son or daughter of an uncle 
or aunt ; the children of brothers and sisters being usually 
denominateo cousitis or cousin-germans. In the second 
generation, they are called second cousins. 3. A title 
given by a king to a nobleman, particularly to those of the 
council. 

t €6US IN, (kuz'zn) a. Allied. Chaucer. 

€OUTH. See Uncouth. 

€5U-TEAU', (koo-to) n. [Fr., a knife.] A hanger. 

COVE, n. [Sax. cof, cofe.] A small inlet, creek or bay ; a 
recess in the sea shore, where vessels and boats may 
sometimes be sheltered from the winds and waves. 

COVE, V. t. To arch over. Sicinbume. 

t€oVE'J\A-BLE, a.JOldFr.] Fit ; suitable. WicJdife. 

CoV'E-NANT, 7(. [Fr. convenant.] 1. A mutual consent 
or agreement of two or more persons, to do or to forbear 
some act or thing ; a contract ; stipulation. 2. A writing 
containing tlie terms of agreement or contract between 
parties, or the clause of agreement in a deed containing 
tlie covenant. — 3. In church affairs, a solemn agreement 
between the members of a church, that they will walk 
together according to the precepts of the gospel, in broth- 
erly affection. 

CoV'E-NAiMT, V. i. To enter into a f jfmal agreement ; to 
stipulate ; to bind one's self by contract. 

C6V' E-I\ ANT, V. t. To grant or pcomise by covenant. 

C6V'E-NANT-ED, pp. Pledged or promised by covenant. 

CoV-E-NANT-EE', n. The person to whom a covenant is 
made. 

C6VIE-NANT-ER, n. He who makes a covenant. 

eoV'E-NANT-ING, ppr. Making a covenant ; stipulating. 

CO'VEN-OUS, or €o'VIN-OUS, a. Collusive ; fraudulent ; 
deceitful. Bacon. 

CO VENT, «. [0\A Yx. covent, for convent. Covent Garden 
is supposed to mean a garden that belonged to a convent.] 
A convent or monastery. Bale. 

Cover, v. t. [Fr. couvrir.'] 1. To overspread the surface 
of a thing with another substance ; to lay or set over. 2. 
To hide ; to conceal by something overspread. 3. To con- 
ceal by some intervening object. 4. To clothe. 5. To 
overwhelm. 6. To conceal from notice or punishment. 

7. To conceal ; to refrain from disclosing or confessing. 

8. To pardon or remit. 9. To vail. 10. To wrap, infold 
or envelop. 11. To shelter; to protect; to defend. 12. 
To brood ; to incubate. 13. To copulate with a female. 

14. To equal, or be of equtd extent ; to be equivalent to. 

15. To disguise ; to conceal hypocritically. 16. To in- 
clude, embrace or comprehend. 

CoV^'Ell, n. 1. Any thing which is laid, set or spread over 
anotlier thing. 2. Any thing which vails or conceals ; a 
screen ; disguise ; superficial appearance. 3. Shelter ; 
defense : protection. 4. Concealment and protection. 
5. Shelter ; retreat. 6. A plate laid at dinner. 

t eoV'Efl-CHlEF, n. A covering for the head. Chaucer. 

CoV'ER-CLE, 71. [Fr.] A small cover ; a lid. 

Covered, pp. Spread over ; hid ; concealed ; clothed ; 
vailed ; having a hat on ; wrapped ; inclosed ; sheltered ; 
protected ; disguised. 

C6V'ER-ER, n. That which covers. 

CoV'ER-ING, jipr. Spreading over ; laying over ; conceal- 
ing; vailing; clothing; wrapping; inclosing ; protect- 
ing ; disguising. 

CoVER-ING, 71^ 1. That which covers ; any thing spread 
or laid over another, whether for security or concealment. 
2. A cover ; a lid. 3. Clothing ; raiment ; garments ; 
dress. 

CoVER-LET, 7(. [cover, and Fr. lit.'] The cover of a bed ; 
a piece of furniture designed to be spread over all the 
other covering of a bed. 

CoV'ER-SHAME, n. Something used to conceal infamy. 

CoVER-SLUT, 71. An appearance to hide sluttishness. 
Burke. 

€6V'ER,T, a. [Fr. couvert.'] 1. Covered; hid; private ; 
secret ; concealed. 2. Disguised : insidious. 3. Shelter- 
ed ; not o})en or exposed. Pope. 4. Under cover, author- 
ity or protection ; as, s feme-covert, a married woman. 

eoV'ERT, 7t. 1. A covering, or covering place ; a place 
which covers and shelters ; a shelter ; a defense. 2. A 
thicket ; a shady place, or a hiding place. 

C6V'ERT-LY, adu. Secretly.; closely; in private; insidi- 
ously. 

C6VERT-NESS, n. Secrecy ; privacy. 

CoV'ER-TURE, n. 1. Covering ; shelter ; defense.— 2. In 
law, the state of a married woman, who is considered as 
under cover, or the power of her husband, and therefore 
called d. feme-covert, or fem.mc-couvcrt. 

CoV'ERT-WAY, n. In fortification, a space of ground 
level with the field, on the edge of the ditch, three or four 
fathoms broad, ranging quite round the half moons or 
other works, towards the country. 



COVET, V. t. [Fr. convoiter.] 1. To desire or wish for 
with eagerness ; to desire earnestly to obtain or possess ; 
in a good sense. 2. To desire iiwrdinately ; to desire 
that which it is unlawful to obtain or possess ; in a bad 
sense. 

CoV'ET, V. i. To have an earnest desire. 1 Tim. vi. 

CoV'ET-A-BLE, a. That may be coveted. 

C6VET-ED, pp. Earnestly desired ; greatly wished or 
longed for. 

C6VET-1NG, ppr. Earnestly desiring or wishing for ; de- 
siring inordinately to obtain or possess. 

C6VET-ING, 72. Inordinate desire. Shak. 

C6VET-ING-LY, adv. Eagerly. B. Jonson 

t C6VET-ISE, n. Avarice. Spenser. 

* Co VET-OUS, a. [Fr. convoiteux.] 1. Very desirous , 
eager to obtain ; m a good sense ; as, covetous of wisdom. 
Taylor. 2. Inordinately desirous; excessively eager to 
obtain and possess ; directed to money or goods, avari- 
cious. 

* Co VET-OUS-LY, adv. With a strong or inordinate de- 
sire to obtain and possess ; eagerly ; avariciously. 

* Co VET-OUS-NESS, n. 1. A strong or inordinate desire 

of obtaining and possessing some supposed good ; usually 
, in a bad sense. 2. Strong desire ; eagerness. Shak. 

C6VEY, 71. {Yx. couvee.'] 1. A brood or hatch of birds ; an 
old fowl with her brood of yoiing. Hence, a small flock 
or number of fowls together. 2. A company ; a set. 

CoV'IN, 7(. In laiD, a collusive or deceitful agreement be- 
tween two or more to prejudice a third person. 

Co'VING, 71. In building, a term denoting an arch or arched 
projecture, as when liouses are built so as to project over 
the ground-plot. 

€oV'IN-OUS, a. Deceitful ; collusive ; fraudulent. 

COW, 7i.,-pht. Cows;oWj>Zm. KiNE. [Sax. cm; D. Zcoe.] The 
female of the bovine genus of animals; a quadruped with 
cloven hoofs, whose milk furnishes an abundance of food 
and profit to the farmer. — Sea-cow, the manatus, a species 
of the trichechus. 

COW, V. t. To depress with fear ; to sink the spirits or 
courage ; to oppress with habitual timidity. 

€OVv'''-BaNE, 71. A name of the oethusa cynapium. 

CO WHAGE, / n. A leguminous plant of the genus dolichos, 

eOW'-ITCH, ] a native of warm climates, 

COWHERD, 71. One whose occupation is to tend cows. 

COW'-HOUSE, n. A house or buUding in which cows are 
kept or stabled. Mortimer. 

COW'-KEEP-ER, n. One whose business is to keep cows. 

COW-LEECH, 7t. One who professes to heal the diseases 
of cows. 

COW'-LEECH-ING, n. The act or art of healing tiie dis- 
tempers of cows. Mortimer. 

COW-LICK, n. A tuft of hair that appears as if licked by 
a cow. 

COW'-PARS-NEP, n. A plant of the genus heracleum. 

■eOW'-PEN, 71. A pen for cows. 

COW'-POX, n. The vaccine disease. 

COW-aUAKES, 71. Quaking grass, the briza, a genus of 
plants. 

COWSLIP, ) n. A plant of the genus primula, or prim- 

COW'S-LIP, \ rose, of several varieties. 

COW'S'-LUNG-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus verbas- 
cum. 

CO'\V-WEED, n. A plant of the genus chcerophyllum, oj 
chervil. 

COW- WHEAT, n. A plant of the genus mclampyrum. 

COWARD, 7/. [Fr, couard.] 1. A person who wants cour- 
age to meet danger ; a poltroon ; a timid or pusillanimous 
man. — 2. In heraldry, a term given to a lion borne in the 
escutcheon with his tail doubled between his legs. 

COWARD, ft. 1. Destitute of courage ; timid ; base. 2. 
Proceeding from or expressive of fear, or timidity. Shak^ 

t COWARD, V. t. To make timorous or cowardly. 

COWARD-ICE, n. [Fr. couardise.] Want of courage to face 
danger ; timidity ; pusillanimitv ; fear cf exposing one'3 
person to danger. 

t COW'ARD-iZE, tj. i. To render cowardly. Scott. 

COWARD-LIKE, a. Resembling a coward ; mean. 

CO'W'ARD-LI-NESS, n. Want of courage ; timidity ; cow- 
ardice. 

COWARD-LY, a. 1. Wanting courage to face danger j 
timid ; timorous ; fearful ; pusillanimous. 2. Mean ; 
base : befitting a coward. 3. Proceeding from fear of 
danger. 

COWARD-LY, adv In the manner of a coward ; meanly ; 
basely, 

tCOW'ARD-OUS, a. Cowardly. Barret. 

t COWARD-SHIP, 71. Cowardice. Shak. 

COWER, V. i. [W. cwrian.'] To sink by bending the 
knees ; to crouch ; to squat ; to stoop or sink downwards. 

t COWER, V. t. To cherish with care. Spenser. 

COW'ISH, a. Timorous ; fearful ; cowardly. [Little used.'] 

COWL, n. [Sax. cugle, cugele.] 1. A monk's hood or 
habit. 2. A vessel to be carried on a pole betwixt two 
persons, for the conveyance of water. 



Sec Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, U, "S?, long.— FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— t Obsolete. 



CRA 



203 



CRA 



eOWL'-STAFF, n. A staff or pole on which a vessel is 
supported between two persons. 

eOWLED, a. Wearing a cowl ; hooded ; in shape of a 
cowl. 

eOW'LIKE, a. Resembling a cow. Pope. 

€0-W6RK'ER, n. One that works with another ; a co-op- 
erator. 

€OW'RY, 71. A small shell, the cyprcsa moneta. 

€OX'€oMB, 71. [cock^s comb.] 1. The top of the head. 2. 
The comb resembling that of a cock, which licensed 
fools wore formerly in their caps. 3. A fop; a vain, 
showy fellow ; a superficial pretender to knowledge or 
accomplishments. 4. A kind of red flower; a name 
given to a species of celosia, and some other pkints. 

t €OX'€oMB-LY, a. Like a coxcomb. Beaumont. 

COX'CoMB-RY, n. Foppishness, Lady W. Montague. 

€OX-COM'I-€AL, a. Foppish ; vain ; conceited ; a low 
word. 

€0Y, a. [Fr. coi, or coy."] Modest ; silent ; reserved ; not 
accessible ; shy ; not easily condescending to familiar- 
ity. 

€0Y, V. i. 1. To behave with reserve ; to be silent or dis- 
tant ; to refrain from speech or free intercourse. 2. To 
make difficulty ; to be backward or unwilling ; not free- 
ly to condescend. 3. To smooth or stroke. 

t eOY, for decoy, to allure. Shak. 

eOY'ISH, a. Somewliat coy, or reserved. 

€OY'LY, adv. With reserve ; with disinclination to famil- 
iarity. 

eOY'NESS, n. Reserve; unwillingness to become famil- 
iar ; disposition to avoid free intercourse, by silence or 
retirement. 

€OYS'TREL, n. A species of degenerate hawk. 

edZ. A contraction of cousin. Shak. 

CoZ'EN, (kuz'n) v. t. [qu. Arm. cougzyein, couchicin, con- 
cheza.] 1. To cheat ; to defraud. 2. To deceive ; to be- 
guile. 

€6Z'EN-A6E, n. Cheat ; trick ; fraud ; deceit ; artifice ; 
the practice of cheating. Dry'den. 

€6Z'ENED, pp. Cheated ; defrauded ; beguiled. 

€6Z'EN-ER, n. One who cheats, or defrauds. 

CoZ'EN-ING, ^pr. Cheating; defrauding; beguiling. 

eO'ZIER. See Cosier. 

CRAB, 71. [Sax. crabba.] 1. A crustaceous fish, the cray- 
fish, cancer, a genus containing numerous species. 2. A 
wild apple, or the tree producing it ; so named from its 
rough taste. 3. A peevish, morose person. 4. A wooden 
engine witn three claws for launching ships and heaving 
them into the dock. 5. A pillar used sometimes for the 
.same purpose as a capstan. 6. Cancer, a sign in the zo- 
diac. — Crab-lice, small insects that stick fast to the skin. 

CRAB, a. Sour ; rough ; austere. 

CRAB-AP-PLE, n. A wild apple. 

CilAB'-GRASS, n. A genus of plants, the digitaria. 

CRAB'-TREE, n. The tree that bears crabs. Shak. 

CRAB'-YAWS, 71. The name of a disease in the West In- 
dies. 

CRAB'BED, a. 1. Rough ; harsh ; austere ; sour ; peevish ; 
morose ; cynical ; applied to the temper. Shak. 2. Rough ; 
harsh ; applied to things. 3. Difficult ; perplexing. 

CRAB'BED-LY, adv. Peevishly ; roughly ; morosely. 

eRAB'BED-NESS,7i. 1. Roughness; harshness. 2. Sour- 
ness; peevishness; asperity. 3. Difficulty; perplexity. 

CRAB'BY, a Difficult. Moxon. 

CRAB'ER, n. The water-rat. Walton. 

CRAB'S'-EyES, 71. Whitish bodies produced by the com- 
mon craw-fish, and used in medicine. 

CRACK, v.t. [Fr. craqucr ; D. kraaken.] 1. To rend, 
break or burst into chinks ; to break partially ; to divide 
the parts a little from each other. 2. To break in pieces. 
3. To break with grief; to afiect deeply ; to pain ; to tor- 
ture. 4. To open and drink ; [low.] 5. To thrust out, 
or cast with smartness. 6. To snap ; to make a sharp, 
sudden noise. 7. To break or destroy. 8. To impair 
the regular exercise of the intellectual faculties ; to disor- 
der ; to make crazy. 

CRACK, V, i. 1. To burst ; to open in chinks ; as, the 
earth cracks by frost ; or to be marred without an open- 
ing. 2. To fall to ruin, or to be impaired ; [not elea-ant.] 
Dryden. 3. To utter a loud or sharp, sudden sound. 4. 
To boast ; to brag ; that is, to utter vain, pompous, blus- 
tering words ; with of; [not elegant.] Shak. 

CRACK, n. [Gr. payas.] 1. A disruption ; a chink or fis- 
sure ; a narrow breach ; a crevice ; a partial separation of 
the parts of a substance, with or without an opening. 2. 
A burst of sound ; a sharp or loud sound, uttered sudden- 
ly or with vehemence ; the sound of any thing suddenly 
rent ; a violent report. 3. Change of voice in puberty. 
Shak. 4. Craziness of intellect ; or a crazy person. 5. 
7\ boast, or boaster ; [loio.] 6. Breach of chastity ; and a 
prostitute ; [lo7o.] 7. A lad ; an instant ; [not used.] 

CRACK'-BRAINED, a. Having intellects impaired ; crazy. 

CRACKED, trp. 1. Burst or split ; rent ; broken ; partially 
severed. 2. Impaired; crazy. 



CRACK'ER, 71. 1. A noisy, boasting fellow. Shak'. 2. A 
rocket ; a quantity of gunpowder confined so as to ex- 
plode with noise. 3. A hard biscuit. America. 4. That 
which cracks any thing. 

€RACK'-HEMP, or CRACK'-ROPE, n. A wretch fated to 
the gallows ; one who deserves to be hanged. 

CRACK'ING, ppr. Breaking or dividing partially ; open- 
ing ; impairing ; snapping ; uttering a sudden, sharp or 
loud sound ; boasting ; casting jokes. 

CRACKLE, V. i. [dim. oi crack.] To make slight cracks 
to make small, abrupt noises, rapidly or frequently re 
peated ; to decrepitate. 

CRACK'LING, ppr. Making slight cracks, or abrupt noises 

CRACK'LING, n. The making of small, abrupt cracks oi 
reports, frequently repeated. 

CRACK'NEL, n. A hard, brittle cake or biscuit. 1 Kings, 
xiv. 3. 

CRa'DLE, 71. [Sax. cradel.] 1 A mi vable machine, of va- 
rious constructions, placed on circular pieces of board, for 
rocking children. 2. Infancy. — From the cradle, is from 
the state of infancy. 3. That part of the stock of a cross- 
bow, where the bullet is put. — 4. In surgery, a case in 
which a broken leg is laid, after being set. — 5. In ship- 
building, a frame placed under the bottom of a sliip for 
launching. 6. A standing bedstead for wounded seamen. 
— 7. In engraving, an instrument, formed of steel, and re- 
sembling a cliisel, with one sloping side, used in scraping 
mezzotiutos, and preparing the plate. Encyc — 8. In hus- 
bandry, a frame of wood, with long, bending teeth, to 
which is fastened a sythe, for cutting and laying oats and 
other grain in a swath. 

CRa'DLE, v.t. 1. To lay in a cradle ; to rock in a cradle ; 
to compose, or quiet. 2. To nurse in infancy. 3. To cut 
and lay with a cradle, as grain. 

CRa'DLE, v. i. To lie or lodge in a cradle. 

CRa'DLE-CLoTHES, 71. The clothes used for covering 
one in a cradle. 

CRa'DLED, pp. Laid or rocked in a cradle ; cut and laid 
with a cradle, as grain. 

CRa'DLING, p^r. Laying or rocking in a cradle ; cutting 
and laying with a cradle, as grain. "^ 

CRAFT, 71. [Sax. craft.] 1. Art ; ability ; dexterity ; skill. 
2. Cunning, art or skill, in a had sense, or applied to bad 
purposes ; artifice ; guile ; skill or dexterity employed to 
effect purposes by deceit. 3. Art ; skill ; dexterity in a 
particular manual occupation ; hence, the occupation or 
employment itself; manual art ; trade. 4. All sorts of 
vessels employed in loading or unloading ships, as light- 
ers, hoys, barges, scows, &c. — Small craft is a term given 
to small vessels of all kinds, as sloops, schooners, cutters, 
&c. 

t CRAFT, V. i. To play tricks. Shak. 

CRAFT'I-LY, adv. Vv'ith craft, cunning or guile ; artfully ; 
cunningly ; with more ^rt than honesty. 

CRAFT'I-NESS, 71. Artfulness ; dexterity in devising and 
effecting a purpose ; cunning ; artifice ; stratagem. 

CRAFTS'MAN, 7j. An artificer ; a mechanic ; one skilled 
in a manual occupation. 

CRAFTS'MAS-TER, n. One skilled in his craft or trade. 

CRAFT'Y, a. 1. Cunning; artful; skilful in devising and 
pursuing a scheme, by deceiving others, or by taking ad- 
vantage of their ignorance ; wily ; sly ; fraudulent. 2. 
Artful ; cunning ; in a good sense, or in a laudable pur- 
suit. 

CRAG, 71. [W., Scot., Ir. craig ; Gaelic, creag.] A steep, 
rugged rock ; a rough, broken rock, or point of a rock. 

CRAG, ?(. [Sax, hracca.] The neck ; formerly applied to the 
neck of a human being, as in Spenser. We now apply it 
to the neck or neck-piece of mutton, and call it a rack of 
mutton. 

CRAG'GED, a. Full of crags or broken rocks ; rough ; rug- 
ged ; abounding with prominences, points and inequali- 
ties. 

CRAG'GED- NESS, n. The state of abounding with crags, 
or broken, pointed rocks. 

CRAG'GI-NESS, n. The state of being craggy. 

CRAG'GY, a. Full of crags ; abounding with broken rocks ^ 
rugged with projecting points of rocks. 

CRAKE, 71. A boast. Spenser. See Crack. 

CRAKE, n. [qu. Gr. Kpe^.] The corn-crake, a migratory 
fowl, is a species of the rail, r alius. 

CRaK'ER, 7*. A boaster. Huloet. 

CRaKE'-BER-RY, n. A species of empetrum, or berry-bear- 
ing heath. 

CRAM, V. t. [Sax. crammian.] 1. To press or drive, partic- 
ularly in filling or thrusting one thing into another ; to 
stuff; to crowd ; to fill to superfluity. 2. To fill with food 
beyond satiety ; to stuff. 3. To thrust in by force ; to 
crowd. 

CRAM, V. i. To eat greedily or beyond satiety ; to stuff. 

CRAM'BO, 71. A rhyme ; a play in which one person givea 
a word, to which another finds a rhyme. 

CRAMMED, pp. Stuffed ; crowf ed ; thrust in ; filled with 
food. 



♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, Do VE ;- By LL, UNITE.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH : TH as in this, f Obsolete 



CRA 



204 



€EA 



€KAM'MING, ppr. Driving in ; stuffing ; crowding ; eating 
beyond satiety ot sulficiency. 

CRAMP, n. [Sax. hramvia ; D. kramp.l 1. Spasm; the 
contraction of a limb, or some muscle of tlie body, attend- 
ed with pain, a^id sometimes with convulsions, or numb- 
ness, a. Restraint ; confinement ; that which hinders 
from motion or expansion. 3. [Fr. crampon.] A piece of 
iron bent at the ends, serving to hold together pieces of 
timber, stones, &c. ; a cramp-iron. 

€RAMP, v.t. 1. To pam or affect with spasms. 2. To con- 
fine ; to restrain ; to hinder from action or expansion. 
3. To fasten, confine or hold with a cramp or cramp- 
iron . 

€RAMP, a. Difficult ; knotty. [Little used.] 

CRAMPED, pp. Affected with spasm ; convulsed ; confin- 
ed ; restrained. 

CRAMP-FISH, n. The torpedo, or electric ray, the touch 
of whic'h affects a person like electricity, causing a slight 
shock, and producmg numbness, tremor, and sickness of 
the stomach. 

CRAMP'ING, ppr. Affecting with cramp ; confining. 

€RAMP'-IR0N, 71. An iron used for fastening things to- 
getJi.er ; a cramp, which see. 

CRa'NA(jE, M. [how li. cranagium.] The liberty of using 
a crane at a wharf for raising wares from a vessel ; also, 
the money or price paid for the use of a crane. 

CRAK'BBR-RY, n. [crane and berry.] A species ofvaccini- 
uvi ; a berry that grows on a slender, bending stalk ; also 
called moss-berry, or moor-berry, as it grows only on 
peat-bogs or swampy land. The berry, when ripe, 
is red, and of the size of a small cherry, or of the haw. 
It forms a sauce of exquisite flavor, and is used for 
tarts. 

CRaNGH. See CRAUrrcH. 

CRANE, 71. [Sax. craTi.] 1. A migratory fowl of the genus 
ardca, belonging to the grallic order. 2. A macliine for 
raising great weights. 3. A siphon, or crooked pipe for 
drawing liquors out of a cask. 

CRANE'S'-BILL, n. 1. The plant geranium, of many spe- 
cies. 2. A pair of pincers used by surgeons. 

CRANE'-FL"^, n. An insect of the genus tipula. 

CRAN-T-OG'NO-MY, n. [Gr. K^aviov and yvwpa.] The 
knowledge of the cranium or skuII ; the science of tlieex- 

. pression of human temper^ disposition and talents. 

CRAN-I-OG'NO-MY, n. [Gr. K^aviov and yvuypwv.] The 
science of determining the properties ot characteristics of 
the mind by the conformation of the skull. 

CRAN-I-O-LOG'I-CAL, a. Pertaining to craniology. 

CRAN-I-OL'O-GIST, ??. One who treats of craniology, or 
one who is versed in the science of the cranium. 

CRAN-1-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. Kpaviov and 'Xoyog.] A discourse 
orxtreatise on the cranium or skull ; or the science which 
investigates the structure and uses of the skulls in various 
animals, particularly in relation to their specific character 
and intellectual powers. Ed. Encyc. 

CRAN-I-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. Kpavcov and perpov.] An in- 
strument for measuring the skulls of a)iimals. 

CRAN-[-0-MEl''RI-GAL, a. Pertaining to craniometry. 

CRAjN'-I-OM'E-TRY, n. The art of measuring the craninm, 
or the skulls, of animals, for discovering their specific dif- 
ferences. 

eR^\JV-I-OS'CO-PY, n. [Gr. Kpaviov and ctkotteo}.] The sci- 
ence of the eminences produced in the cranium by the 
brain 

CRa'NI-UM, 71. [L.J The skull of an animal ; tht assem- 
blage of bones which inclose the farsin. 

CRANK, n. [D. kronkel.] 1. Literally, a bend or turn. 
Hence, an iron axis, with the end bent like an elhov/, for 
moving a piston, the saw in a saw-mill, &c., and causing 
it to rise and fall at every turn. 2. Any bend, turn or 
winding. 3. A twisting or turning in speech. 4. An 
iron brace for various purposes. 

CRANK, a. [D. kranlc] I. In sea-men's language, liable to 
be overset, as a slnp when she is too narrow, or has not 
sufficient ballast to carry full sail. , 2. Stout ; bold : erect 
!^enser. 

CRANK, ( V. t. To run in a winding course : to bend, 

CRAN KLE, \ wind and turn. 

CRAN'KLE, V. t. To break into bends, turns or angles ; to 
crin kle. 

CRAN'KLE, n. A bend or turn ; a crinkle. 

CRAN'KLES, n. Angular prominences. 

CRANK'NESS, n. 1. Liability to be overset, as a ship 2. 
"itoutness ; erectness. 

CRANK'Y, a. The same as crank. 

CRAN'NIED, a. Having rents, chinks or fissures ; as, a 
crannied wall. Shak. 

CRAN'NY, n. [Yr.cran.] 1. Properly, a rent; but com- 
monly, any small, narrow opening, fissure, crevice or 
chink, as in a wall, or other substance. 2. A hole ; a se- 
cret, retired place. — 3. In glass-making, an iron instru- 
ment for forming the necks of glasses. 

CRAN'NY, a. Pleasant ; agreeable ; praiseworthy. Bailey. 



CRANTS, n. \G. kranz ] Garlan^a carried before the bier 
of a maiden and hung over her grave. 

CRAPE, n. [Fr. cripe.] A thin, transparent stuff, made of 
raw silk gummed arid twisted on the mill, woven with- 
out crossing, and much used in mourning. 

CRAPE, V. t. To curl ; to form into ringlets, 

CRAP'LE, 71. [W. crav.] A claW. Spenser. 

CRAP'NEL, n. A hook or drag. Gu. grapnel. 

CRAP'U-LA, n. [L.] A surfeit or sickness by intemper- 
ance. 

CRAP'U-LENCE, n. [L. crapula.] Cropsickness ; drunk- 
enness ; a surfeit, or the sickness occasioned by intemper- 
ance. 

CRAP'U-LOUS, a. Drunk ; surcharged with liquor ; sick by 
intemperance. Diet. 

CRASE. See Craze 

CRASH, V. t. [Ft. ecraser.] To break ; to bruise 

CRASH, V I. To make the loud, clattering, multifarious 
sound of many things falling and breaking at once. 

CRASH, n. The loud, mingled sound of many things fall- 
ing and breaking at once, as tire sound of a large tree fac- 
ing, and its branches breaking, or the sound of a falling 
house. 

CRASH'ING, n. The sound of many things falling and 
breaking at once. 

CRa'SIS, n. [Gr. icpaais.] 1. The temper or healthy con- 
stitution of the blood in an animal body ; tlie tempera- 
ment which forms a particular constitution of the blood. — 
2. In grammar, a figure by which tv,fo different letters 
are contracted into one long letter or into a diph- 
tliong. 

CRASS, a. [L. crassus.] Gross ; thick ; coarse ; not thin, 
nor fine. [Little used. ] 

CRASS'A-MENT, n. The thick, red part of the blood, af3 
distinct from the serum, or aqueous part ; the clot. 

CRASS'I-MENT, T^. Thickness. Smith. 

CRASS'I-TUDE, 71. [L.crassitudo.] Crossness; coarseness; 
thickness. Bacon. 

CRASS'NESS, 71. Crossness. Olanville. 

CRAS-TI-Na'TION, n. [L. eras.] Delay. Diet. 

CRATCH, n. [Fr. creche.] A rack; a grated crib or man- 
ger. 

CRATCH. See Scratch. 

CRATCH'ES, 71. plu. [G. krUtze.] In the manege, a swell- 
ing on the pastern, under the fetlock of a horse. 

CRATE, n. [L. crates.] A kind of basket or hamper of 
wicker-work, used for the transportation of china, crock- 
ery and similar wares. 

CRa'TER, 71. [L. crater,] 1. The aperture or mouth of a 
volcano. 2. A constellation of the southern hemisphere, 
said to contain 31 stars. 

CRaUNCH,?). t. [D. schranssen.] To crush with the teetli; 
to chev/ with violence and noise. 

CRAUNCH'ING, ppr. Crushing with the teeth with vio- 
lence. 

CIIA-VAT', 77. [Fr. cravate.] A neck-cloth ; a piece of fine 
muslin or other cloth worn by men about the neck. 

CRAVE, V. t. [Sax. crafian.] 1. To ask with earnestness 
or importunity ; to beseech ; to implore ; to ask with sub- 
mission or humility, as a dependent ; to beg ; to entretit 
2. To call for, as a gratification ; to long for ; to require 
or demand, as a passion or appetite. 3. Sometimes intran 
sitively, with /or before the thing sought. 

CRAVED, pp. Asked for with earnestness ; implored ; en- 
treated ; longed for ; required. 

CRa'VEN, CRa'VENT, or CRa'VANT, n. 1, A word of 
obloquy, used formerly by one vanquished in trial by bat- 
tle, and yielding to the conqueror. Hence, a recreant ; a 
coward; a weak-hearted, spiritless fellow. 2. A van- 
quished, dispirited cock. 

CRa'VEN, V, t. To make recreant, weak or cowardly, 

CRaV'ER, n. One who craves or begs. 

CRAVING, jjpr. 1. Asking with importunity ; urging for 
earnestly ; begging ; entreating. 2. Calling for with ur- 
gency ; requiring ; demanding gratification^ 

CRAVING, 71. Vehement or urgent desire, or calling for ; a 
longing for. 

CRAV'ING-NESS, n. The state of craving. 

CRAW, V. [Dan. kroe.] The crop or first stomach of fowls 

CRAW-FISH, or CRAY-FISH, n. A species of cancer, or 
crab, a crustaceous fish. 

CRAWL, V. i. [D. krielen ; Scot, crowl.] 1. To creep ; to 
niove slowly by thrusting or drawing the body along the 
ground, as a worm ; or to move slowly on the hands and 
knees. 2. To move or walk weakly, slowly, or timorous 
ly. 3. To creep ; to advance slowly and slyly ; to insin- 
uate one's self. 4. To move about : to move in any di 
rection ; used in contempt. 5. To have the sensation of 
insects creeping about the body, 

CRAWL, 77. A pen or inclosure of stakes and hurdles on 
the sea coast for containing fish. 

CRAWL'ER, n. He or that which crawls ; a creeper ; a 
reptile. 

CRAWL'ING, ppr. Creeping J moving slowly Eilong the 



SeeSynopsis. A, .F., f, O, U, Y, long.— FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



CRE 



205 



CRE 



ground, oi other substance ; moving or walking slowly, 
weakly or timorously ; insinuating. 

t €RAY ER i '*■ -^ ®"^^'' ^^^ vessel. 

€RaY-FISH, n. The river lobslef. See Craw-fish. 

€RaY'ON, n. [Fr.] 1. A general name for all colored 
stones, earths, or other minerals and substances, used in 
designing or painting in pastel or paste. 2. A kind of 
pencil, or roll of paste, to draw lines with. 3. A drawing 
or design done with a pencil or crayon. 

€RaY'ON, v. t. 1. To sketch with a crayon. Hence, 2. To 
sketch ; to plan ; to commit to paper one's first thoughts. 

€RaY'ON-PAINT'ING, n. The act or art of drawing with 
crayons. 

€S,AZE, v. t. [Fr. ecraser.] L To break ; to weaken ; to 
break or impair the natural force or energy of. 9. I'o 
crush in pieces ; to grind to powder. 3. To crack the 
brain ; to shatter ; to impair the intellect. 

€RaZED, pp. Broken ; bruised ; crushed ; impaired ; de- 
ranged in intellect ; decrepit. 

€Ra'ZED-NESS, n. A broken state ; decrepitude ; an im- 
paired state of the intellect. Hooker. 

CRaZE'-MILL, or €RaZ'ING-MILL, n. A mill resem- 
bling a.grist-mill, used for grinding tin. 

€Ra Zl-LY, adv. In a broken or crazy manner. 

€Ra'ZI-NESS, n. 1. The state of being broken or weaken- 
ed. 2. The state of being broken in mind 3 imbecility or 
weakness of intellect ; derangement. 

€Ra'ZY, a. [Fr. ecrase.] 1. Broken; decrepit; weak; 
feeble. 2. Broken, weakened, or disordered in intellect; 
deranged, weakened, or shattered in mind. We say, the 
man is crazy. 

t €REAGHT, w. [Irish.] HeMs of cattle. Davics. 

t €REAGHT, v. i. To graze on lands. Davias. 

CRbAK, v. i. [W. crecian.] To make a sharp, harsh, grat- 
ing sound, of some continuance, as by the friction of liard 
substances. 

€Rf.AK'ING, ppr. Making a harsh, grating sound. 

CReAK'ING, n. A harsh, grating sound. 

CReAM, n.[Ft.cr^me.] 1. The oily part of milk, which, 
when the milk stands unagitated in a cool place, rises and 
forms a scum on the surface. 2. The best part of a thing. 
— Cream of lime, the scum of lime-water. — Cream of tar- 
tar, tlie scum of a boiling solution of tartar. 

CReAM, v. t. 1. To skim ; to take off cream by skimming. 
2._To take off the quintessence or best part of a thing. 

€ReAM, v. i. 1. To gather cream ; to dower or mantle. 
3._To grew stiff, or formal. 

CReAM'-Bo WL, n. A bowl for holding cream. 

€ReAM'-FaCED, a. White ; pale ; having a coward look. 

CReAM'-POT, n. A vessel for holding cream. 

€ReAM'Y, a. Full of cream ; like cream ; having the na- 
ture of cream ; luscious. 

CRe'ANCE, v. [Fr.] In falconnj, a fine, small line, fast- 
ened to a hawk's leash, when she is first lured. 

OReASE, n. [qu. G. kr'duscn.'] A line or mark made by 
folding or doubling any thing ; a hollow streak, like a 
groove. 

€ReASE, v. t. To make a crease or mark in a thing by 
foj^ding or doubling. 

€Re'AT, n. [Fr.] In the manege, an usher to a riding 
master. 

€RE-aTE , V. t. [Fr. creer ,• L. creo.] 1. To produce ; to 
bring into being from nothing ; to cause to exist. 2. To 
make or form, by investing with a new character. 3. To 
produce ; to cause ; to be the occasion of. 4. To beget ; 
to generate; to bring forth, b. To make or produce, by 
new combinations of matter already created, and by in- 
vesting these combinations with new forms, constitutions 
and qualities ; to shape and organize. 6. To form anew ; 
to change the state or character ; to renew. 

€RE-aTE', a. Begotten ; composed ; made up. Shak. 

CRE-aT'ED, pp. Formed from nothing ; caused to exist ; 
produced ; generated ; invested with a new character ; 

. formed into new combinations, with a peculiar shape, 
constitution and properties ; renewed. 

CEE-aT'ING, pjir. Forming from nothing ; originating ; 
liroducing ; giving a new character ; constituting new be- 
ings from matter by shaping, organizing and investing 
with new properties ; forming anew. 

€RE-a'TION, n. 1. The act of creating ; th* act of causing 
to exist ; and es-peci/dly, the act of bringing this world in- 
to existence. Rom. i. 2. The act of making, by new com- 
binations of matter, invested with new forms and proper- 
ties, and of subjecting to different laws ;>the act of shap- 
ing and organizing. 3. The act of investing with a new 
character. 4. The act of producing. 5. The things cre- 
ated ; creatures ; the world ; the universe. 6. Any part 
of the things created. 7. Any thing produced or caused 
to exist. 

CRE-a TIVE, a. Having the power to create, or exerting 
the act of creation. 

GRE-a'TOR, n. [L.] 1. The heing or person that creates 
2. The thing that creates, produces or causes. 



€RE-a'TRESS, n. A female that creates any thing. 

€ReAT'UR-AL, a. Belonging to a creature; having the 
qualities of a creature. 

CReAT'URE, n. [Fr.] 1. That which is created ; every 
being besides the Creator, or every thing not self-existent 
— 2. In a restricted sense, an animal of any kind ; a living 
being; a beast. — In a jnorc restricted sense, man. 3. A 
human being, in contempt. 4. With words of endear- 
ment, it denotes a human being beloved. 5. That whicii 
is produced, formed or imagined. 6. A person who owes 
his rise and fortune to another ; one who is made to be 
what he is. 7. A dependent ; a person who is subject to 
tlse will or influence of another. 

€ReAT'URE-LY, a. Having the qualities of a creature 

€ReAT'URE-SHIP, 7t. The state of a creature. Cave. 

t €REB'RI-TUDE, w. [L. creber.] Frequency. Diet. 

t€REB'ROl]»S, a. Frequent. Diet. 

CRe'DENCE, ii. [It. credenza.] 1. Belief; credit; reliancf- 
of the mind on evidence of facts derived from other sourcen 
than personal knowledge, as from the testimony of otJiery 
2. That which gives a claim to credit, belief or conii- 
dence. 

fCRE'DENCE, V. t. To believe. Skeltoiu 

<3RE-DEN'DA, n. [L.] In theology, things to be believed ; 
articles of faith ; distinguished from«a^e7io;o, or practic;!J 
duties. 

CEe'DENT, «. 1. Believing; giving credit ; easy of belief. 
2. Having credit; not to be questioned ; [rarely used.] 
Sfiak. 

€IIE-DEN'TIAL, a. Giving a title to credit. 

€RE-DEN'TIALS, n. plu. [Rarely or never used in the sin- 
gular.^ Tiiat which gives" credit ; that which gives a title 
or claim to confidence ; the warrant on which belief, 
credit or authority is claimed among strangers. 

€RED-I-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. rredlbilile.] Credibieness ; the 
quality or state of a thing which renders it possible to he 
believed, or which admits belief, on rational principles ; 
tlie quality or state of a thing which involves no co]Uj:a- 
diction, or absurdity. Credibility is less than certainty, 
and greater tlian pos.'iibiUty ; indeed it is less than proba- 
hilit.ii, but is nearly allied to it. 

€RED'I-BLE, a. [L. credibilis.] 1. That may be believed ; 
worthy of credit. 2. Worthy of belief ; having a claim to 
credit ; applied to persons. 

€EEiy[-BLE-NESS, 71. Credibility ; worthiness of belief ; 
just claim to credit. 

€RED'I-BLY, adv. In a manner that deserves belief; with 
good authority to support belief. 

CRED'IT, n. [Fr. credit.] 1. Belief: faith ; a reliance or 
resting of the mind on the truth of something said or done. 
2. Reputation derived from the confidence of others. 
Esteem ; estimation ; good opinion founded on a belief of 
a man's veracity, integrity, abilities and virtue. 3. Honor ; 
reputation ; estimation ; applied to men or things. 4. That 
which procures or is entitled to belief; testimony ; au- 
thority derived from one's character, or from the confi- 
dence of others. 5. Influence derived from the reputation 
of veracity or integrity, or from the good opinion or confi- 
dence of others ; interest ; power derived from weight of 
character, from friendship, fidelity or other cause. — (5. !n 
commerce, trust ; transfer of goods in confidence of future 
payment. 7. The capacity of being trusted ; or the repu- 
tation of solvency and probity, which entitles a man to be 
trusted. — 8. In book-keeping, the side of an account in 
which payment is entered ; opposed to debit. — 9. Public 
credit, the confidence which men entertain in the ability 
and disposition of a nation to make good its engagements 
with its creditors. 10. The notes or bills which are issued 
by the public, or by corporations or individuals, are some- 
times called bills of credit. 11. The time given for pay- 
ment for lands or goods sold on trust. 12. A sum of mon- 
ey due to any person ; any thing valuable standing on the 
creditor side of an account. 

€B.ED'[T, v.t. 1. To beheve ; to confide in the truth of. 
2. To trust ; to sell or /oan in confidence of future pay 
ment. 3. To procure credit or honor; to do credit; to 
give reputation or honor. 4. To enter upon the credit 
side of an account. 5. To set to the credit of. 

€RED'IT-A-BLE, a. Reputable ; that may be enjoyed or 
exercised witn reputation or esteem ; estimable. 

€RED'IT-A-BLE-NESS, n. Reputation ; estimation 

€11ED'IT-A-BLY, adv. Reputably ; with credit ; without 
disgrace. 

CRED'IT-ED, pp. Believed ; trusted ; passed to the credit, 
or entered on the credit side of an account. 

€RED'IT-ING, ppr. Believing ; trusting ; entering to the 
credit in account. 

€RED'IT-OR. n. [L.] 1 . A person to whom a sum of money 
or other thing is due, by obligation, promise, or in law ; 
properly, one who gives credit in commerce ; but in a 
general sense, one who has a just claim for money ; cur 
relative to debtor. 2. One who believes ; [not used ] 

€RED'I-TRIX, n. A female creditor. 

€RE-DU'LI-TY, n. [Fr. credulitc ; L. credulitas.] East 



* See Synopsis. MoVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



CRE 



206 



CRI 



ness of belief ; a weakness of mind by which a person /s 
Jispised to believe, or yield his assent to a declaration or 
proposition, without sufticieut eviieace of the truth of 
what is said or proposed ; a disposition to believe on slight 
evidence or no evidence at al!. 

CRED'b-LOUS, a, [L. crcdalus ] Apt to believe without 
sufficient evidence ; unsuspecting ; easily deceived. 

eKED'U-LOUS-LY^, ado. in an unsuspecting manner. 
Qnodmaji. 

€KED'U-LOUS-NESS, n. Credulity ; easiness of belief 3 
readiness to believe without sufficient evidence. 

CREED, 71. [VV credo ; i}a.x. creda.] 1. A brief summary 
of the articles of Christian faith ; a symbol. 2. Tliat 
which is believed ; any system of principles which are 
believed or professed. 

€IIEEK, V. t To make a harsh, sharp noise. Shak. 

* CREEK, (krik) n. [Sax. crecea ; D. hreek.] 1. A small 
inlet, bay or cove ; a recess in the shore of the sea, or of a 
river. 2. Any turn or winding. 3. A prominence or jut 
in a winding coast.^4. In some of the American states, a 
small river. 

*€REEK'Y, (krik'y) a. Containing creeks : full of creeks j 
winding. Spenser. 

CREEL, n. An osier basket. Brockett. Morth of England. 

CREEP, V. i. ; pret* and pp. c?-ept. [Sax. creopan, crypan.] 

1. To move with the belly on the ground, or the surface 
of any other body, as a worm or serpent without legs, or 
as many insects with feet and very siiort legs : to crawl. 

2. To move along the ground, or on the surface of any 
other body, in growth, as a vine ; to grow along. 3. To 
move slowly, feebly or timorously ; as an old or infirm 
man, wao creeps about his chamber. 4. To move slowly 
and insensibly, as tune. 5. To move secretly ; to move 
so as to escape detection, or prevent suspicion. 6. To 
steal in ; to move forward unheard and unseen ; to come 
or enter unexpectedly or unobssived. 7. To move or be- 
have with servility ; to fawn. 

UREEP'ER, n. 1. One who creeps ; that which creeps ; a 
reptile 3 also, a creeping plant, which moves along the 
suiface of the earth, or attaches itself to some otner body, 
as ivy. 2. An iron used to slide along the grate in kitch- 
ens. 3. A kind of patten or clog worn by women. 4. 
Creeper or creepers, an instrument of iron with hooks or 
claws, for drawing up things from the bottom of a weil, 
ri\er or harbor. 5. A genus of birds, the certliia, or ox- 
eyfc 

CREEPIIOLE, n. A hole into which an animal may creep 
to escape notice or danger ; also, a subterfuge ; an excuse. 

€REE1''ING, ppr. Moving on the belly, or close to the sur- 
face of the earth or other body ; moving slowly, secretly, 
or silently ; moving insensibly ; stealing along. 

€REFP'ING-LY, adv. By creeping 3 slowly 3 in the man- 
ner of a reptile. Sidney. 

fCREE'PLE. See Cripple. 

CREESE, 11. A Malay dagger. 

CRE-Ma'TION, «. [1,. crematio.'] A hnrnrng; particularly, 
the burning of the dead, according to the custom of many 
aiicifint nations. 

CRe'MOR, n. [L.] Cream 5 any expressed juice of grain 3 
yeast 3 scum 3 a substance resembling cream. Coze. 

€REM'0-SIN. SeeCRiMosiN. 

CRe'NATE, ; a. [L. crenatus.'] Notched : indented ; 

CReNA-TED, \ scolloped. 

€REN'A-TURE, n. A scollop, like a notch, in a leaf, or In 
the style of a plant. Bige^oio. 

CREN'KLE, or CREN'GLE. See Cringle. 

CREN'U-LATE, a. Having the edge, as it were, cut into 
very small scollops. 

CRe'OLE, n. In the West Indies and Spanish America, a 
native of those countries descended from European an- 
cestors. 

CREP'ANCE, ) n. [L. crcpo.] A chop or cratch in a horse's 

CREP'ANE, \ leg, caused by the shoe of one hiiid foot 
crossing and striking the other hind foot. 

CREP'I-TATE, V. i. [L. crepito.] To crackle ; to snap 5 to 
burst with a small, sharp, abrupt sound, rapidly repeated 3 
as salt in fire, or during calcination. 

CREP'I-TA-TING, ppr. Crackling 3 snapping. 

CREP-I-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of bursting with a fre- 
quent repetition of sharp sounds 3 the noise of some salts 
In calcination 5 crackling. 2. The noise of fractured 
bones, when moved by a surgeon to ascertain a fracture. 

CREPT, pret. and pp. of creep. 

CRE-PUS'CLE, or CRE-PUS€'ULE, n. [L. crepicsculum.] 
Twilight ; the light of the morning from the first dawn to 
sunrise, and of the evening from sunset to darkness. 

CRE-PUSC U-LAR, or CRE-PUSC'U-LOUS, a. Pertaining 
to twilight 5 glimmering 3 noting the imperfect light of the 
morning and evening 3 hence, imperfectly clear or lu- 
minous. 

tCRE-PUSC'U-LINE, a. Crepuscular. 

CRES'CENT, a. [L. crescens.] Increasing 3 growing. 
Milton. 

CTRES'CENT, n. 1. The increasing or new moon, which, 



when receding from the sun, shows a curving rim of light, 
terminating in points or horns. 2. The figure or likeness 
of the new moon 3 as that borne in the Turkish tiag or 
national standard. The standard itself, -dwA, figuratively, 
the Turkish power. — 3. In heraldry, a bearing in the form 
of a half moon. 4. The name of a militajy order, insti- 
tuted by Renatus of Anjou. 

CRES'CENT, V. t. To form into a crescent. Seward. 

CRES'CENT-SHaPED, a. In botany, lunate 5 lunated ; 
shaped like a crescent. Martyn. 

CRES'CiVE, a. [L. cresco.'] Increasing 3 growing. Shak. 

CRESS, n. [Fr. cresson.'] The name of several species of 
plants, most of them of the class tetradynamia. 

CRESS'ET, n. [Fr. croisette.] J. A great light set on a 
beacon, lighthouse, or watch-tower. 2. A lamp or torch. 
Milton. 

CREST, n. [Fr. crete.] 1. The plume of feathers or other 
material on the top of the ancient helmet 3 the helmet it- 
self. 2. The ornament of the helmet in heraldry. 3. The 
comb of a cock 3 also, a tuft of feathers on the head of 
other fowls. 4. Any tuft or ornament worn on the head. 
5. Loftiness 3 pride 3 courage ; spirit ; a lofty mien. 

CREST, V. t. 1. To furnish with a crest 5 to serve as a crest 
for. 2. To mark with long streaks. 

CREST'ED, a. 1. Wearing a crest 3 adorned with a crest 
or plume 3 having a comb. — 2. In natural history, having 
a tuft like a crest. 

CREST'-F ALL-EN, a. 1. Dejected 5 sunk 5 bowed 3 dis- 
pirited 5 heartless 5 spiritless. Shak. 2. Having the upper 
part of the neck hanging on one side, as a horse. 

CREST'IiESS, a. Without a crest 3 not dignified witn coat- 
armor 3 not of an eminent family 3 of low birth. 

CRE-Ta'CEOUS, a. [L. cretaceus.] Chalky 3 having the 
qualities of chalk 3 like chalk 5 abounding with chalk. 

CRe'TIC, n. [Gr. KprjTiKos.] A poetic foot of three sylla- 
bles, one short between two long syllables. 

CPtE'TIN, 71. A name given to certain deformed and help- 
less idiots in the Alps, 

CREVICE, 71. [Fr. crevasse.] A crack 5 a cleft 5 a fissure 3 
a rent 5 an opening. 

CREV'iCE, V. t. To crack 3 to flaw. Wotton. 

CREV'ISSE I '^' "^^^^ craw-fish. [Little used.} 

CREW, 71. [Sax. creat?, or crtii/t.] 1. A company of people 
associated. Spenser. 2. A company, in a low or bad 
sense; a herd. Milton. 3. The company of seamen who 
man a ship, vessel or boat 3 the company belonging to a 
vessel 

CREW, jyret. of croto ; but the regular preterit and participle, 
crov^ed, is now most commonly used. 

CREWEL, n. [qu. D. klewel.] Yarn twisted and wound on 
a knot or ball, or two-threaded worsted. 

CREW'ET. See Cruet. 

CRIB, 71. [Sax. crybb ; D. krib.] 1. The manger of a stable, 
in which oxen and cows feed. — In America, it is distin- 
guished from a rack for horses. 2. A small habitation or 
cottage. 3. A stall for oxen. 4. A case or box in salt 
works. 5. A small building, raised on posts, for storing 
Indian corn. U. States. 6. A lodging plaee for children. 

CRIB, V. t. To shut or confine in a narrow habitation 5 to 
cage. Shak. 

jCRIB, V. i. To be confined 3 to be cooped up. 

CRIB'BAGE, n. A game at cards. 

CRIBBED, pp. Shut up 3 confined 3 caged. 

CRIB'BLE, n. [L. cribellum.] 1. A coi^i-sieve or riddle. 
2. Coarse flour or meal 3 [riot used in the U. States. 'j 

CRIB'BLE, V. t. To sift 3 to cause to pass through a sieve or 
riddle. 

CRI-BRa'TION, n. The act of sifting or riddling 3 used in 
pharmacy. 

CRIB'RI-FORM, a. [L. cribrum.] Resembling a sieve or 
riddle 5 a term applied to the lamen of the ethn:oid bone, 
through which the fibres of the olfactory nerve pass to tiie 
nose. 

CRlCH'TON-lTE, 71. A mineral, so called from Dr. Crich- 
ton. 

CRICK, n. I. The creaking of a door 3 [obs.] 2. A spas- 
modic affection of some part of the body, as of the neck or 
back ; local spasm or cramp. 

CR[€K'ET,7i. [D. krekel.] An insect of the genus grylhis. 

CRICK'ET, 7i. [qu. Sax. cricc] 1. A play or exercise with 
bats and ball. Pope. 2. A low stool. 

CRICK'ET-ER, n. One who plays at cricket- 

CRICK'ET-ING-AP-PLE, n. A small species of apple. 

CRICK'ET-MATCH, 71. A match at cricket. Buncombe. 

CRiED, pret. and part, of cry. 

CRi'ER or CRY'ER, n. One who cries 3 one who makes 
proclamation. 

CRIME, 71. [L. crimen ; Gr. /cpt/xa.] 1. An act which vio- 
lates a law, divine or human ; an act which violates a rule 
of moral duty 5 an offense against the laws of right, pre- 
scribed by God or man, or against any rule of duty plainly 
implied in those laws. — But in a more common and re- 



* See Synopsis, a, E, I, O, U, ?, long.— FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY 3— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; 



t Obsolete. 



CRI 



207 



CRI 



stricted sense, a crime denotes an offense, or violation of 
public law, of a deeper and more atrocious nature ; a pub- 
lic wrong ; as treason, murder, robbery, theft, arson, &.c. 
2. Any great wickedness ; iniquity ; wrong. — Capital 
crime, a crime punishable with death. 

€KrME'FlJL, a. Criminal ; wicked ; partaking of wrong ; 
contrary to law, right, or duty. Skak. 

CRiME'LESS, a. Free from crime ; innocent. Shak. 

€RIM'1N-AL, a. 1. Guilty of a crime. 2. Partaking of a 
crime; involving a crime ; that violates public law, divine 
or human. 3. That violates moral obligation ; wicked. 
4. Relating to crimes ; opposed to civil. 

€RIM'IN-AIi, n. A person who has committed an offense 
agaia-»t rmblic law ; a person indicted or charged with a 
public offense. — Criminal conversation, the illegal com- 
merce of the sexes ; adultery. 

CRIM-tN-AL'I-TY, or €RIM'IN-AL-NESS, n. The qual- 
ity of being criminal, or a violation of law ; guiltiness ; 
the quality of being guilty of a crime. Blackstone. 

€RIM'IN-AL-LY, adv. In violation of public law ; in vio- 
lation of divine law ; wickedly ; in a wrong or iniquitous 
manner. 

€RIM'IN-ATE, v. t. [L. criminor.] To accuse ; to charge 
with a crime ; to alledge to be guilty of a crime, offense, 
or wrong. Christ. Obs. 

€RIM'IN-A-TED, pp. Accused ; charged with a crime. 

€RIM'IN-A-TING, ppr. Accusing ; alledging to be guilty. 

€RIM-IN-A'TION, n. [L. criminatio.] The act of accusing ; 
accusation ; charge of having been guilty of a criminal 
act, offense or wrong. 

€RIM'IN-A-TO-RY, a. Relating to accusation ; accusing. 

I €RIM'IN-OUS, a. Very wicked ; heinous ; involving 
great crime. Hammond. 

t€RIM'IN-OUS-LY, ad«. Criminally; heinously; enor- 
mously. 

t€RIM'IN-OUS-NESS, n. Wickedness; guilt; criminali- 
ty. Kins Charles. 

€RIM'OSlN. See Crimson. 

€RIMP, a. [Sax. acrymman.] 1. Easily crumbled ; friable; 
brittle ; [little used ] 2. Not consistent ; [not %ised.] 

€RIMP, V. t. [W. crimpiaw.] To catch ; to seize ; to pinch 
and hold. 

€RIMP, V. t. [Sax. gecrympt.] To curl or frizzle. 

€RIMP, n. 1. In England, an agent for coal-merchants, 
and for persons concerned in shipping. 2. One who de- 
coys another into the naval or military service. 3. A 
game at cards ; [obs.] 

€IRIM'PLE, V. t. [D. krimpe7i.'\ To contract or drav/ to- 
geclier ; to shrink ; to cause to shrink ; to curl. Wise- 
man. 

€RIM'PLED, pp. Contracted ; shrunk ; curled. ■ 

€RIM'PLING, ppr. Contracting ; shrinking ; curling ; hob- 
bling. .Ssh. 

CRIM'SON, (krim'zn) n. [It. cremisi, cremisino.l A deep 
red color ; a red tinged with blue ; also, a red color in 
general. 

CRIM'SON, a. Of a beautiful deep red, 

CRIM'SON, V. t. To dye with crimson ; to dfe of a deep 
red color ; to make red. 

CRIM'SON, V. i. To become of a deep red color ; to be 
tinged with red ; to blush. 

CRIM'SONED, pp. Dyed or tinged with a deep red. 

€RIM'SON-ING, ppr. Dyeing or tinging with a deep red. 

CRINCUM, n. A cramp ; a contraction ; a turn or bend ; a 
whim, [.d vulgar icord.] Hudibras. 

€RINGE, (krinj) v. t. Properly, to shrink ; to contract ; to 
draw together ; a popular use of the word. [Vulgarly, 
scringe.'] 

CRINGE, (krinj) v. i. To bow ; to bend with servility ; to 
fawn ; to make court by mean compliances. 

CRINGE, (krinj) n. A bow ; servile civility. Philips. 

CRING'ER, n. One who cringes, or bows and flatters with 
servility 

CRING'ING, ppr. Shrinking ; bowing servilely. 

CRIN'GLE, (kring'gl) 7i. [D. kring, krinkel.] 1. A withe 
for fastening a gate ; [local.] — 2. In marine language, a 
hole In the bolt-rope of a sail. 

CRT-NIG'ER-OUS, a. [L. criniger.] Hairy ; overgrown 
with hair. Diet. 

CRl'NITE, a. [L. crinitus.] Having the appearance of a 
tuft of hair. 

CRIN'KLE, (krink'l) v. i. [D. krinkelen.] To turn or wind ; 
to bend ; to wrinkle ; to run in and out in little or short 
bends or turns. 

CRIN'KLE, V. t. To form with short turns or wrinkles ; to 
mold into inequalities. 

CRIN'KLE, n. A wrinkle ; a winding or turn ; sinuosity. 

CRI'NOSE, a. Hairv. [Little used.] 

CRI-NOS'I-TY, 71. Hairiness. [Little used.] 

CRIP'PLE, (krip'pl) n. [D. kreupel.] A lame person ; pri- 
marily, one wlio creeps, halts or limps ; one who has lost, 
or never enjoyed, the use of his limbs. 

CRIP'PLE, a. Lame. Shak. 

CRIP'PLE, V. t. li To lame ; to deprive of the use of the 



limbs, particularly of the legs and feet. 2. To disable; to 
deprive of the power of exertion. 

CRIP'PLED, j}p. Lamed ; rendered impotent in the limbs , 
disabled. 

CRiP'PLE-NESS, n. Lameness. 

CRIP'PLING, ppr. Laming ; depriving of the use of the 
limbs ; disabling. 

CRi'SIS, 71. ; plu. Crises. [Gt. Kpicis ; L. crisis.] 1. In 
medical science, the change of a disease which indicates 
its event ; that change which indicates recovery or death. 
2. The decisive state of things, or the point of time when 
an affair is arrived to its height, and must soon terminate 
or suffer a material change. 

CRISP, a. [L. crispus.] I. Curled; formed into curls or 
linglets. 2. Indented; winding. 3. Brittle; friable; 
easily broken or crumbled. 

CRISP, V. t. [L. crispo.] 1. To curl ; to twist ; to contract 
or form into ringlets, as the hair ; to wreathe or inter- 
weave. 2. To indent. Johnson. To twist or eddy. 

CRIS-Pa'TION, 71. The act of curling, or state of being 
curled. Bacon. 

CRISP'A-TURE, n. A curling ; the state of being curled. 

CRISPED, jyp. Curled ; twisted ; frizzled. 

CRISP'ING, ppr. Curling ; frizzling. 

CRISP'ING-I'RON, 71. A curling-iron. 

CRISP'ING-PIN, n. A curling-iron. Isaiah. 

CRIS-?I-SUL'€ANT, a. Waved or undulating, as light- 
ning is represented. 

CRISP'NESS, 71. A state of being curled ; also, brittleness. 

CRISP'Y, a. 1. Curled ; formed into ringlets. 2. Brittle ; 
dried , so as to break short. 

CRISS-CROSS-ROW, n. Alphabet ; beginning. 

CRIST' ATE, \ a. [L. crlstatus.] In botany, crested ; tuft- 

CRiST'A-TED, \ ed ; having an appendage like a crest or 
tuft. _ 

CRI-Te'RI-ON, n. ; plu. Criteria. [Gr. Kpirripiov.] A 
standard of judging ; any established law, rule, principle, 
or fact, by which facts, propositions and opinions are com- 
pared, in order to discover their truth or falsehood, or by 
which a correct judgment may be formed. 

CRITH'0-MAN-CY, n. [Gr; Kpt6r] and jxavreta.] A kind of 
divination by means of the dough of cakes, and the meal 
strewed over the victims, in ancient sacrmces. 

CRIT'IC, 71. [Gr. KpiTiKos.] 1. A person skilled in judging 
of the merit of Uterary works ; one who is able to discern 
and distinguish the beauties and faults of writing. In a 
more general sense, a person skilled in judging with pro- 
priety of any combination of objects, or of any work of 
art. 2. An examiner; a judge. 3. One who judges 
with severity ; one who censures or finds fault. Pcpe. 

CRIT'IC, «. Critical ; relating to criticism, or the art of 
judging of the merit ofa literary perfoimance or discourse 
"or of any work in the fine arts. 

CRIT'IC, V. i. To criticise ; to play the critic. [Little used.] 

CRIT'I CAL, c. [L. criticus.] 1. Relating lo criticism, 
nicely exact. 2. Having the skill or power nicely to dis- 
tinguish beauties from blemishes. 3. Making nice dis- 
tinctions ; accurate. 4. Capable of judging with accuracy ; 
discerning beauties and faults ; nicely judicious in mat- 
ters of literature and the fine arts. 5. Capable of judging 
with accuracy ; conforming to exact rules of propriety ; 
exact ; particular. 6. Inclined to find fault, or to judge 
with severity. 7. [See Crisis.] Pertaining to a crisis; 
marking the lime or state ofa disease which indicates its 
termination in the death or recovery of the patient. 8. 
Producing a crisis or change in a disease ; indicating a 
crisis. 9. Decisive ; noting a time or state on which the 
issue of things depends ; important, as regards the conse- 
quences. 10. Formed or situated to determine or decide, 
or having the crisis at command ; important or essential 
for determining. 

CRIT'I-CAL-LY, adv. 1. In a critical manner ; with nice 
discernment of truth or falsehood, propriety or impropri- 
ety ; with nice scrutiny ; accurately ; exactly. 2. At the 
crisis ; at the exact time. 3. In a critical situation, place 
or condition, so as to command the crisis. 

CRIT'I-CAL-NESS, 71. 1. The state of being critical ; inci- 
dence at a particular point of time. 2. Exactneas ; accu- 
racy ; nicety ; minute care in examination. 

CRIT'I-CTSE, V. i. 1. To examine and judge critically ; to 
judge with attention to beauties and faults. £ To write 
remarks on the merit of a performance ; to notice lieauties 
and faults. 3. To animadvert upon as faulty ; to utter 
censure^ 

CRIT'I-ClSE, V. t. I. To notice beauties and blemishes or 
faults in ; to utter or write remarks on the merit of a per- 
formance. 2. To pass judgment on with lespect to merit 
or blame. 

CRIT'I-ClSED, pp. Examined and judged with respect to 
beauties and faults. 

CRIT'T-ClS-ER, 71. One who makes or writes remarks. 

CRIT'I-CIS-ING, f-pr. Examining and judging with regard 
to beauties and faults ; remarking on ; animadverting on 



' See Synopsis MOVE BCQK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, j Obsolete 



CRO 



208 



CRO 



€KIT'I-CISM, n. 1, The art of judging with propriety of 
ihe beauties and faults of a literary perfonnance, or of 
any production in the tine arts ; as, the rules of criticism. 
a. The act of judging on the merit of a performance ; an- 
imadversjon ; remark on beauties and faults ; critical ob- 
servativiii, verbal or written. 

€Rl-TiaUE', or €KIT'ie, n. [Fr. critique.] 1. A critical ex- 
amination of the merits of a performance ; remarks or an- 
imadversions on beauties ;md faults. 2. Science of criti- 
cism ; standard or rules of judging of the merit of per- 
formances. Locke. 

eillZ'ZKL, ) 11. A kind of roughness on the surface 

€KIZ''ZEL-LNGj ) of glass, which clouds its transpa- 
rejicy. 

€RoAJK, V. i. [Sax. cracettan ; Goth, hriikijan.] 1. To 
make a low, hoarse noise in the *hroat, as a frog or other 
?Jiimal. 2. To caw ; to cry as a raven or crovv. 3. To 
make any low, muttering sound, resembling that of a 
frog or raven. 4. In contempt, to speak with a low, hol- 
low voice. 

€E.oAK, 71. The low, harsh sound uttered by a frog or a 
rav'en, or a like sound. 

€RoAK'ER, n. One that croaks, murmurs or grumbles ; 
one who complains unreasonably. 

€RoAK'ING, ppr. Uttering a low, harsh sound from the 
thjoat, or other similar sound. 

€RoAK'ING, n. A low, harsh souiid, as of a frog, or the 
bowels. 

€RO'ATS, n. Troops, natives of Croatia. 

€RO'€AL-ITE, n. A mineral, a variety of zeolite. 

€Ro'CEOUS, a. [L. croceiis.] Like saffron ; yellow ; con- 
sisting of sailron. 

€RO'CHES, 71. Little buds or knobs about tlie tops of a 
deer's hern. Bailey. 

€R0C-I-TA'TIOi^, n. [L. crocito.] A croaking. 

f €ROeK, n. [Sax. cruce, crocca.] An earthen vessel ; a 
pot or pitcher ; a cup. 

eRO€K, 71. Soot, or the black matter collected from com- 
bustion on pots and kettles, or in a chimney. Ray. 

eUOGK, V. t. or i To black with soot, or other matter col- 
lected from combustion ; or to black with the coloring 
matter of cloth. JVe70 England. 

€ROeK'ER-Y, 71. [W. crocan.l Earthen ware •, vessels 
formed of clay, glazed and baked. The term is applied 
to the coarser kinds of ware j the finer kinds being usual- 
ly called cAi'na or ^jorceZcm. 

*eRO€'0-DiLE, ??. \Gr. upoKohCkog.] L An amphibious 
animal of the genus lacena, or lizard, of the largest kind. 
It inhabits the large rivers in Africa and Asia. See Alli- 
gator. — 2. In rhetoric^ a captious and sophistical argu- 
ment. 

* €RC>€ O-DlLE, a. Pertaining to or like a crocodile. 

€Ro€US, 7(. [Gr. AcpoKo?.] 1. Saffron, a genus of plants. 
— 2. "in chemistry, a yellow powder ; any metal calcined 
to a red or deep yellow color. 

eROFT, n. [Sax. croft.] A little close adjoining or near to 
a dwellJng-house, and used for pasture, tillage or other 
purposes. 

€ROI-SaDE', 7i. [Fr.] A holy war ; an expedition of Chris- 
tians against the infidels, for . the conquest of Palestine. 
See the more common word. Crusade. 

CROIS'ES, 71. 1. Soldiers enrolled under the banners of the 
cross. Burke. 2. Pilgrims who cany the cross. 

€RO'KER, 71. A fowl that inhabits the Chesapeake and the 
large rivei-s in Virginia. 

CR0M'LE€H,7!. [W. cromlcg.] Huge flat stones resting on 
other stones, set on end for that pWpose ; supposed to be 
the remains of Druidical altars. 

€ROiVE, n. [It. criona.] 1. An old woman. Drydcn. 2. 
An old ewe. Tusser. 

€Ro'NET, 71. \coronet.] 1. The hair which grows over 
the top of a horse's hoof. 2. The iron at the end of a 
tilting spade. 

e58N'YS'AL,|«-A----- 

tJRo'NY, n. An ultimate companion ; an associate 3 a fa- 
miliar friend. 

CROOK, n. [Sw. krok.] 1. Any bend, turn or curve; or a 
bent or curving instrument. 2. A shepherd .stafl^, curving 
at the end ; a pastoral staff. 3. A gibbet. 4. An arti- 
fice ; a trick. 

€ROOK, V. t. [Fr. crochuer.] L To bend ; to turn from a 
stra'ight line ; to make a curve or hook. 2. To turn from 
rectitude ; to pervert. 3. To thwart ; [little used.] 

CROOK. V. i. To bend or be bent 3 to be turned from a 
riglit line ; to cui-ve ; to wind. 

CROOK'-BACK, n. A crnoked back 3 one who has a crook- 
ed back or round shoulders. Shah. 

CROOK'-BACKED, a. Having a round back or shoulders. 
Vryden. 

CRQOK'ED, pp. or a. 1. Bent ; curved ; curving ; wnid- 
ing! 2. Winding in moral conduct 3 devious 5 froward 3 
perverse ; going ^ut of the path of rectitude 3 given to 
obliquity, or wandering from duty. 



CRQOK'ED-LY, adv. 1. In a winding manner, 2. IFnto- 
w'ardly 3 not compliantly. 

€RQOK'ED-NESS, 71. 1. A winding, bending or turning, 
curvity5 curvature 3 inflection. 2. Pei-verseness 3 unto- 
wardness 5 deviation from rectitude 3 iniquity 3 -jbliqui- 
ty of conduct. 3. Deformity of a gibbous body. 

t CRQOK'EN, V. t. To make crooked 

CROOK'ING, ppr. Bending : windmg. 

€R66K'-KN£ED, a. Having crooked knees. Shak. 

CROOK'-SHoUL'DERED, a. Having bent shoulders. 

CROP, n. [Sax. crop, cropp.] 1. The first stomach of a 
fowl 3 the craiD. 2. The top or highest part of a thing 5 the 
end; [not inline.] Chaucer. 3. That which is gathered : 
the corn or fruits of the earth collected 3 harvest. ». 
Corn and other cultivated plants while growhig. 5. A]iy 
thing cut on" or gathered. 6. Hair cut close or short. 

CROP, V. t. 1. To cut off the ends cf any thing ; to eat off; 
to pull off; to pluck 3 to mow 3 to reap. 2. To cut off 
prematurely 3 to gather before it falls. 

j£RO¥,v.i. To yield harvest. Shak. 

CR0P'-EAR, n. A horse whose ears are cropped. 

CROP^eARED, a. Having the ears cropped. 

CROP'FUL, a. Having a full crop or belly 3 satiated. 

Cropped, or CROPT, pp. Cut off 3 plucked 3 eaten off 
reaped, or mowed. 

CROP'PER, n. A pigeon with a large crop. Walton. 

CROP'PIXG, pp-. Cutting off; pulling off; eating off 
reaping, or mowing. 

CEOP'PrNG, n. 1. The act of cutting off. 2. The raising 
of crops. 

CROP'-iSICK, a. Sick or indisposed from a surcharged stom 
ach 3 sick with excess in eating or drinking. 

CROP'-SICK-NESS, ?(. Sickness from repletion of the stom- 
ach. [L. crapuia.] 

CRo SIER, (krS'zhur) n. [Fr. crosse.] 1. A bishop's crook 
or pastoral staff, a symbol of pastoral authority and care. 
— 2. In astronomy, four stars in the southern hemisphere, 
in the form of a cross. 

CROS'LET, 71. A small cross. — In heraldry, a cross crossed 
at a small distance from the ends. 

CROSS, 7!. [W. crocs.] 1. A gibbet consisting of two 
pieces of timber placed across each other, either in foim 
of a T, or of an X. 2. The ensign of the Christian re- 
ligion; and hence, ^3-MratiDe/?/, the religion itself. 3. A 
monument with a cross upon it to excite devotion, such 
as were anciently set in market places. 4» Any thing in 
the form of a cross or gibbet. 5. A line drawn through 
another. 6. Any thing that thwarts, obstructs, or per- 
plexes 3 hinderance ; vexation ; misfortune ; opposition ; 
trial of patience. 7 Money or coin stamped with the 
figure of a cross. 8. The right side or face of a coin, 
stamped with a cross. 9. The mark of a cross, instead 
of a signature, on a deed, formerly impressed by those 
who could not write. 10. Church lands in Ireland. — IJ. 
In theology, the sufferings of Christ by crucifixion. 12. 
The doctrine of Christ's sufferings and of the atonement, 
or of salvation by Christ. — To take up the cross, is to sub- 
mit to troubles and afflictions from love to Christ. — 13. In 
mining, two nicks cut in the surface of the earth, thus -j-, 
— Cross and pile, a play with money. 

CROSS, a. 1. Transvei-se ; oblique ; passing from side 
to side 3 falling athwart. 2. Adverse 3 opposite 3 ob- 
structing. 3. Perverse 3 untractable. 4. Peevish 3 fret- 
ful 3 ill-humored. 5. Contrary 3 contradictory 3 perplex- 
ing. 6. Adverse 5 unfortunate. 7. Interchanged 5 as, a 
cross marriage. 8. Noting what belongs to an adverse 
party. 

CROSS, prep. Athwart 3 transversely 3 over 3 from side to 
side 3 so as to intersect. Dryden. 

CROSS, V. t. 1. To draw or run a line, or lay a body 
across another. 2. To erase ; to cancel. 3. To make 
the sign of the cross, as Catholics in devotion. 4. To 
pass from side to side ; to pass or move over. 5. To 
thwart 3 to obstruct 3 to hinder 5 to embarrass. 6. To 
counteract ; to clash or interfere with 5 to be inconsistent 
with. 7. To counteract or contravene 3 to hinder by au 
tbority 3 to stop. 8. To contradict. Honker. 9. To de- 
bar or preclude. — To cross the breed of an animal, is to 
produce young from different varieties of the species. 

CROSS, V. i. 1. To lie or be athwart. 2. To move or pass 
laterally, or from one side towards the other, or from 
place to place. 3. To pe inconsistent 3 [not iwed.] Sid 
ncy, 

CRO'SS'-ARMED, a. With arms across. — lnlotany,hra.fm- 
ate 3 decussated 3 having branches in paiis, each at right 
angles with the next. 

CR OSS'- AR- ROW, n. An arrow of a cross-bow. Beaumont 
and Fletcher. 

CROSS'-BARRED, a. Secured bv transverse bars. 

CROSS'-BAR-SHOT, n. A bullet with an iron bar passing 
through it. 

CR03S'-BEaR-ER, 71. In the Romish church, the chaplain 
of an archbishop, who bears a cross before him. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long—FKU, FALL, WHAT 3— PREY 3— PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3— t Obsolete. 



CRO 



209 



CRO 



t/ROSS -BILL, n. In chancery, an original bill by which 
the defendant prays relief against the plaintiff. 

€ROSS'-BILL, n. A species of bird. 

€ROSS'-BITE, 71. A deception ; a cheat. L^Estrange. 

€ROSS'-BITE, V. t. To thwart or contravene by deception. 

€ROSS'-BoW, n. In archery, a missive weapon formed by 
placiiig a bow athwart a stock. 

€KOSS'-BoW-ER, n. One who shoots with a cross-bow. 

€ROSS'-BUN, n. A cake marked with the form of a cross. 

CROSS'eUT, V. t. To cut across. 

€ROSS'€UT-SAW, n. A saw managed by two men, one 
at each end. 

€ROSSED, pp. Having a line drawn over ; canceled ; eras- 
ed ; passed ovei- 3 thwarted ; opposed ; obstructed ; coun- 

€ROSS'-E*X-AM-IN-A TION, n. The examination or in- 
terrogation of a witness, called by one party, by the oppo- 
site party or his counsel. 

€ROSSi-EX-AM'iNE, v. t. To examine a witness by the 
opposite party or his counsel, as the witness for the plain- 
tiff by the defendant, and vice versa. Kent. 

€ROSS'-EX-AM'INED, pp. Examined or interrogated by 
the opposite party. 

€ROSS'-FLoW, V. i. To flow across. Milton. 

€ROSS'-GRaIN£D, a. 1. Having the grain or fibres 
across or inegular. 2. Perverse; untractable; not con- 
descending. 

€ROSS'iiVG, ppr. Drawing; running or passing a line 
over ; erasing ; canceling ; thwarting ; opposing ; coun- 
teracting ; passing over. 

€ROSS'ING, 71. A thwarting ; impediment ; vexation. 

eROSS'-JA€K, (kro-jeck) n. A sail extended on the lower 
yard of the mizzen-mast ; but seldom used. 

CROSS'-LEGGED, a. Having the legs across. 

€ROSS'LET. See Croslet. 

€ROSS'LY, adv. 1. Athwart ; so as to intersect something 
else. 2. Adversely; in opposition; unfortunately. 3. 
Peevishly; fretfully. 

€ROSS'NESS, n. Peevishness ; fretfulness ; ill-humor ; per- 
verseness. 

CROSS'-PIeCE, n. A rail of timber extending over the 
windlass of a snip. 

€ROSS'-PUR-POSE, n. A contrary purpose ; contradictory 
system ; also, a conversation in which one person does or 
pretends to misunderstand another's meaning. An enig- 
ma ; a riddle. 

€ROSS'-aUES-TrON, V. t. To cross-examine. 

eaOSS'-RoW, 71. l. The alphabet, so named because a 
cross is placed at the beginning, to show that the end of 
learning Js piety. 2. A row that crosses others. 

€ROSS'-SeA, 71. Waves running across others; a swell 
running in different directions. 

CROSS'-STAFF, n. An instrument to take the altitude of 
the sun or stars. 

eilOSS'-STONE, 71. A mineral, called also harmotome, and 
staurolite. 

CROSS'-TlN-ING, n. In htisbandry, a harrowing by draw- 
ing the harrow or drag back and forth on the same 
ground. 

CROSS'-TREES, n. In ships, certain pieces of timber, sup- 
ported by the cheeks and trestle-trees, at the upper ends 
of the lower masts. 

CROSSi-WAY, orCROSS'-RoAD, n. A way or road that 
crosses another road or the chief road ; an obscure 
path intersecting the main road. 

€ROSS'-WIND, 71. A side wind ; an unfavorable wind. 

CROSS'-WISE, adv. Across ; in the form of a cross. 

€ROSS'-W0RT, 71. A plant of the genus valantia. 

eROTCH, n. [Fr. croc] 1. A fork or forking; the parting 
of two legs or branches.— 2. In ships, a crooked timber 
placed on the keel, in the fore and aft parts of a ship. 3. 
A piece of wood or iron, opening on the top, and extend- 
ing two horns or arms, like a half moon. 

€ROTCHED, a. Having a crotch ; forked. 

CROTCH'ET, 71. [Fr. crochet, croche.] 1. In prirt xag, a 
hook including words, a sentence or a passage distin- 
guished from the rest, thus [ ].— 2. In music, a note or 
character, equal in time to half a minim, and the double 
of a quaver, thus f. 3. A piece of wood reseribling a 

fork, used as a support in building. 4. A peculiar turn 
of the mind ; a whim, or fancy ; a perverse conceit. 

eROTCH'ET, V. i. To play in a measured time of music. 

eROTCH'ET-ED, a. Marked with crotchets. 

CROUCH, V. i. [G. kriechen, kroch, krbche.] 1. To bend 
down ; to stoop low ; to lie close to the ground ; as an 
animal. 2. To bend servilely ; to stoop meanly ; to fawn ; 
to cringe. 

t CROUCH, V. t. To sign with the cross ; to bless. 

CROUCH'-BACK. See Crookback. 

CROUCH'ED-FRI'ARS, 71. An order of friars, so called 
from the cross which they wore. 

CROUCH'ING, ppr. Bending ; stooping ; cringing. 

CROUD. See Crowd. 



CROUP, } n. [Scot, croup, crope, crupe.] The disease called 

CROOP, \ technically cynanche trachealis, an affection of 
the throat, accompanied with a hoarse, diflScult respira- 
tion. It is vulgarly called rattles. 

CROUP, ) n. [Fr croM/^e.] 1. The rump of a fowl ; the 

CROOP, ) buttocks of a horse, or extremity of the reins 
above the hips. 2. [Scot, croup.] The cynanche trache- 
alis, a disease of the throat. 

CRoU-PaDE', ) 7t. In the maneg-e, a leap in which the 

CROO-PaDE', \ horse pulls up his hind legs, as if he 
drew them up to his belly. 

CROUT, ) n. [G. kraut.] Sour crout Is made by laying 

KROUT, ) mmced or chopped caobage in layers in a bar- 
rel, with a handful of salt and caraway seeds between 
the layers, then ramming down the whole, covering it, 
pressing it with a heavy weight, and suffering it to stand 
till it has gone through fermentation It is an efficacious 
preservative against scurvy. 

CRoW, 71. [Sax. crawe.] 1. A large black fowl, of the ge- 
nus corvus. — To pluck or pull a crow, is to be industrioua 
or contentious about a trifle. 2. A bar of iron with a 
beak, crook or two claws, used in raising and moving 
heavy weights. 3. The voice of the cock. 

CRoW, V. i.; pret. and pp. crowed ; formerly, pret. crew. 
[Sax. crawan.] 1. To cry or make a noise as a cock, in 
joy, gayety or defiance. 2. To boast in triumph ; to 
vaunt ; to vapor ; to swagger. Grandison. 

CRoW-BAR, n. A bar of iron sharpened at one end, used 
as^a lever for raising weights. 

CRoW'-BER-RY, 71. A plant of the genus empetrum. 

CRoW'S'-BlLL, 71. In surgery, a kind of forceps for ex- 
tracting bullets and other things from wounds. 

t CRo WiS'-FEET, 7). The wrinkles under the eyes, which 
are the effects of age. Chaucer. 

CRoW'-FLOW-ER, //. A kind of campion. 

CRoW'-FQOT, n. 1. On hoard of ships, a complication of 
small cords spreading out from a long block. — 2. In botany, 
tlie ranunculus, a genus of plants. 

CRoW'S'-FOOT, n. In the military art, a meichine of iron, 
wjth fom- points ; a caltrop. 

CRoW'lNG, ppr. Uttering a particular voice, as a cock • 
boasting in triumph ; vaunting ; bragging. 

t CROW'-KEEP-ER, n. A scarecrow. Shak. 

CRoW'-NET, n. In England, a net for catching wild 
fowls ; the net used in A''ew England for catching wild 
pigeons. 

CRoW'-SILK,' 71. A plant, the conferva rivalis. 

CRoW'-TOE, 71. A plant ; as the tufl;ed crow-toe. 

CROWD, or CROWTH, 71. [Ir. cruit.] An instrument of 
music with six strings; a kind of violin. 

CROWD, n. [SvLX. cruth, cread.] 1. Property, a collection ; 
a number of things collected, or closely pressed together. 

2. A number of persons congregated and pressed together, 
or collected into a close body without order ; a throng. 

3. A multitude ; a great number collected. 4. A number 
of tilings near together ; a number promiscuously assem- 
bled or lying near each other. 5. The lower orders of 
people ; the populace ; the vulgar. 

CROWi), V. t. 1. To press ; to urge ; to drive together 

2. To fill by pressing numbers together without order. 

3. To fill to excess. 4. To encumber by multitudes. 5. 
To urge ; to press by solicitation ; to dun. — 6. In seaman- 
ship, to crowd sail, is to carry an extraordinary force of 
sail, with a view to accelerate the course of a ship, as in 
chasing or escaping from an enemy ; to carry a press of 
sail. 

CROWD, v.i. 1. To press in numbers. 2. To press; to 
urge forward. 3. To swarm or be numerous. 

CROWDED, pp. Collected and pressed ; pressed together ; 
urged ; driven ; filled by a promiscuous multitude. 

CROWD'ER, n. A fiddler ; on6 who plays on a crowd. 

CROWD'ING,;?pr. Pressing together ; pushing; thrusting; 
driving; assembling in a promiscuous multitude; filling; 
urging. 

CROWD'Y, n. Meal and water, sometimes mixed with 
milk. Grose. 

CivOWN, 7(. [Fr. courov7ie.] 1. An ornament worn on the 
head by kings and sovereign princes, as a badge of impe- 
rial or regal power and dignity. Figuratively, regal 
power ; royalty ; kingly government, or executive au- 
thority. ^. A wreath or garland. 3. Hortorary distinc- 
tion ; reward. 4. Honor ; splendor ; dignity. 5. The 
top of the head ; the top of a mountain or other elevated 
object. The end of an anchor. 6. The part of a hat 
which covers the top of the head. 7. A coin anciently 
stamped with the figure of a crown. 8. Completion ; ac- 
complishment. 9. Clerical tonsure in a circular form ; a 
little circle shaved on the top of the head, as a mark of 
ecclesiastical office or distinction. — 10. Among jewelers, 
the upper work of a rose diamond. — 11. In botany, an ap- 
pendage to the top of a seed, which serves to bear it in 
the wind. 

CROWN, V. t. 1. To invest with a crown or regal orna- 
ment. Hence, to invest with regal dignity ana power. 



* See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BTJLL, UNITS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH ! 
14 



: in this, f Obsolete 



CRU 



210 



CRU 



2 To cover, as with a crown ; to cover the top. 3. To 
honor ; to dignify ; to adorn. 4. To reward ; to bestow 
an honorary reward or distinction on. 5. To reward ; to 
recompense. 6. To terminate or finish ; to complete ; to 
perfect. 7. To terminate and reward. 

CROWNED, pp. Invested with a crown, or with regal 
power and dignity ; honored ; dignified ; rewarded with 
a crown, wreath, garland or distinction 3 recompensed; 
terminated 5 completed ; perfected. 

CROWN'ER, n. He or that whicli crowns or completes. 

OROVVN'ET, ?(. A coronet, which see. Shakspeare has 
used it for chief end or last purpose ; but this sense is 
singular. 

CROWN'-GLaSS, n. The finest sort of English window- 
glass. 

CROWN'-IM-Pe'RI-AL, n. A plant of the genus /?-i£iZZana, 
having a beautiful flower. 

€ROWN'ING, ppr. Investmg with a crown, or with royal- 
ty or supreme power ; honoring with a wreath or with 
distinction ; adoniing ; rewarding ; finishing ; perfect- 
ing. 

€ROWN'ING, n. 1. In architecture, the finishing of a 
member or any ornamental worit. — 2. In marine lan- 
guage, the finishing part of a knot, or interweaving of the 
strands. 

€ROWN'-OF-FiCE, n. In England, an office belonging to 
the court of King's Bench, of which the king's coroner or 
attorney is commonly master, and in which the attorney- 
general and clerk exhibit informations for crimes and 
misdemeanors. 

CROWN'-PoST, n. In building, a post which stands up- 
light in the middle, between two principal rafters. 

€ROWN'-S€AB, n. A scab formed round the corners of a 
horse's hoof, a cancerous and painful sore. 

€ROWN'-THIS-TLE, n. A flower. 

€ROWN'-WHEEL, n. In a watch, the upper wheel next 
the balance. 

€ROWN'-W6RK, n. In fortification, an out- work running 
into the field, consisting of two demi-bastions at the ex- 
tremes, and an entire bastion in the middle, with cur- 
tains. 

€ROYL'STONE, n. Crystalized cauk. in which the crystals 
are small. Johnson. 

€RU'CIAL, a. [Fr. cruciale.] In surgery, transverse ; pass- 
iiig across ; intersecting ; in form of a cross. 

€RU'CIAN, n. A short, thick, broad fish, of a deep yellow 
color. 

eilO'CIATE, v.t. [L. crude. ] To torture; to torment; to 
afflict with extreme pain or distress ; but the verb is sel- 
dom used. See Excruciati:. 

CRU'CIATE, a. Tormented. [Little used.] 

€RU-CI-A'TION, 71. The act of torturing; torment. [Little 
used.] Hall, 

€RtJ'Ci-BLE, n. [It. crogiiiolo and crociuolo.] 1. A chem- 
ical vessel or melting pot, made of earth, and so tempered 
and baked, as to endure extreme heat without melting. 
It is used for melting ores, metals, &c. 2. A hollow 
place at the bottom of a chemical furnace. 

€RU-CIF'ER-OUS, a. [Ju. crucifcr.] Bearing the cross. 
Dict_ 

€Rtf'CI-Fl-ER, n. A person who cnicifies ; one who puts 
aiiother to death on a cross, 

€RU'CI-FIX, n. [L. crucifixvs.] 1. A cross on which the 
body of Christ is fastened in effigy. 2. A representation, 
in painting or statuary, of our Lord fastened to the cross. 
3. M^rati-yeZ?/, the religion of Christ; [little used.] Tay- 
lor. 

eRU-CI-FIX'ION, n. The nailing or fastening of a person 
to a cross, for the purpose of putting him to death ; the act 
or punishment of putting a criminal to death by nailing 
him to a cross. 

€Ru'CI-FORM, a. [L. crux and forma.] Cross-shaped.— 
In botany, consisting of four equal petals, disposed in the 
form of a cross. 

f.'RCCI-F'?, V. t. [L. crucifigo ; Fr. crucifier.] 1. To nafl 
to a cross ; to put to death by nailing the hands and feet 
to a cross or gibbet. 2. In Scriptural language, to sub- 
due ; to mortify ; to destroy the jx)wer or ruling influence 
of. 3. To reject and despise. 4. To vex or torment ; 
[not v^edj] Burton. 

€RU'CI-FY-ING, ppr. Putting to death on a cross or gib- 
bet ; subduing ; destroying the fife and power of. 

€RU-ClG'ER-OUS, a. [L. cruciger.] Bearing the cross. 

€RUD, 7?. Curd. See Curd, the usual orthography. 

eRfJD'DLE, V. i. To curdle ; also, to stoop. Brockett. 

CRUDE, a. [L. crudus.] 1. Raw ; not cooked or prepared 
by fire or heat ; in its natural state ; undressed. 2. Not 
changed from its natural state ; not altered or prepared by 
any artificial process. 3. Rough ; harsh ; unripe ; not 
mellowed by air or other means. 4. Unconcocted; not 
well digested in the stomach. 5. Not brought to perfec- 
tion ; unfinished ; immature. 6. Having indigested no- 
tions. 7. Indigested ; not matured ; not well formed, 
arranged or prepared in the intellect. 



eRCDE'LY, adv. Without due preparation ; without form 
or arrangement ; without maturity or digestion. 

GRCfDE'NESS, n. 1. Rawness ; unripeness ; an undigested 
or unprepared state. 2. A state of being unformed, cr 
indigested ; immatureness. 

CRtJ'DI-TY, n. [L. cruditas.] Rawness ; crudeness. — 
Among physicians, undigested substances in the stomach, 

€RUD'LE, V. t. To coagulate. But this word is generally 
written curdle, which see. 

fCRUD'Y, a. 1. Concreted; coagulated. Spenser. 2. Raw; 
chill. Skak. 

€RU'EL, a. [Fr. cruel ; L. crudelis.] Disposed to give pain 
to others, in body or mind ; willing or pleased to torment, 
vex or afflict ; inhuman ; destitute of pity, compassion or 
kindness ; fierce ; ferocious ; savage ; barbarous ; hard- 
hearted ; applied to persons. 

CRu'EL-LY, adv. 1. In a cruel manner ; with cruelty 3 
inhmnanly ; bcubarousiy. 2. Painfully ; with severe pain, 
or torture. 

€RU'EL-NESS, n. Inhumanity ; cruelty. Spenser. 

€Rtf'EL-TY, n. [L. crudelitas ; Fi.cruaute.] 1. Inhuman 
ity ; a savage or barbarous disposition or temper, which is 
gratified in giving unnecessary pain or distress to others ; 
barbarity ; applied to persons. Shak. 2. Barbarous deed ; 
any act of a human being which inflicts unnecessary 
pain ; any act intended to torment, vex or afflict, or which 
actually torments or afflicts, without necessity ; wrong ; 
injustice ; oppression. 

€RU'EN-TATE, a. [L. cruentatus.] Smeared with blood. 
[Little used.] Olanville. 

€RU-ENT'OUS, a. [L. cruentus,] Bloody. 

€RU'ET, n. [Fr. cruchette.] A vial, or small glass bottle, 
for holding vinegar, oil, &;c. 

€RuISE, n. [D. kroes.] A small cup. See Cruse. 

CRUISE, V. i. [D. kruissen.] To sail back and forth, or to 
rove on the ocean in search of an enemy's ships for cap- 
ture, or for protecting commerce ; or to rove for plunder 
as^ a pirate. 

CRUISE, 72. A voyage made in crossing courses ; a sailing 
to and fro in search of an enemy's ships, or by a pirate in' 
search of plunder. 

CRulS'ER, n. A person or a ship that cruises ; usuafly, an 
armed ship that sails to and fro for capturing an enemy 's 
ships, for protecting the commerce of the country, or for 
plunder. 

€RulS'ING, ppr. Sailing for the capture of an enemy's 
shi^s, or for protecting commerce, or for plunder as a 
pirate. 

€RUM, n. [Sax. cruma.] A small fragment or piece ; usu- 
ally, a small piece of bread or other food, broken or cut 
off. 

€RUM, V. t. To break or cut into small pieces. 

CRUM'BLE, V. t. [D. kruimelen; G. krilmeln.] To break 
into small pieces ; to divide into minute parts. 

CRUM'RLE, v.i. 1. To fail into small pieces ; to break or 
part into small fragments. 2. To fall to decay ; to per- 
ish. 

€RUM'BLED, pp. Broken or parted into small pieces. 

CRUM'BLING, ppr. Breaking into small fragments ; falling 
mto small pieces ; decaying. 

t €RU'ME-NAL, n. [L, crumena.] A purse. Spenser. 

€RUM'MA-BLE, a. Capable of being broken into small 
pieces. 

CRUM'MY, a. FuUofcrums; soft. 

CRUMP, a. [Sax. crump.] Crooked; as, crwTTip-shouldered. 

CRUMP'ET, 71. A sofl cake. 

CRUM'PLE, V. i. To draw or press into wrinkles or folds .; 
to rumple. Addison. 

CRUM'PLE, v.i. To contract; to shrink. Smitn. 

CRUM'PLED, pp. Drawn or pressed into wrinkles. 

€RUM'PLING, ppr. Drawing or pressing into wrinkles. 

CRUMTLING, n. A small, degenerate apple. 

t IrunIlle, I '"' '■ 'To ""'y "^« ^ <=^^°«- 

CRU'OR, n. [L J Gore ; coagulated blood. 
CRUP, or CRCUP, n. The buttocks. 
t €RUP, a. Short ; brittle. 

* €RyP'PER, 71. [Fr. crovpiere.] 1. In the manege, the 
buttocks of a horse ; the rump. 2. A strap of leather 
which is buckled to a saddle, and, passmg under a horse's 
tail, prevents the saddle from being cast forward on to the 
horee's neck. 

* CRUP'PER, V. t. To put a crupper on. 

€RU''RAL, a. [L. cruralis.] Belonging to the leg; as the 
crural artery, v/hich conveys blood to the legs, and the 
crural vein, which returns it, 

CRU-SaDE', n. [Fr, croisade.] A military expedition, tm- 
dertaken by Christians, for the recovery of the Holy Land, 
the scene of our Savior's life and sufierings, from the 
power of infidels or Mohammedans. 

€RU-SaDE', n. A Portuguese coin, stamped with a cross. 

CRU-SaD'ER, 71. A person engaged in a crusade. 

€RU-Sa'DO, 71. The same as crusade. 

CRUSE, n. [D. kroes.] A small cup,— In JVew England, it 



* See Synopsis. A £, I 5 U Y ioft^— FAR, FALL, WHA'J' ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— ^ Obsolete 



CRY 



211 



CUB 



is used chiefly or wholly for a small bottle or vial for vin- 
egaB called a vinegar-cruse. 

CRU'SET, «. [Fr. creuset.] A goldsmith's crucible or melt- 
ing pot. Phillips. 

€RUSH, V. t. [Fr. ecraser ; Sw. krossa.] 1. To press and 
bruise between two hard bodies ; to squeeze, so as to 
force a thing out of its natural shape ; to bruise by pres- 
sure 2. To press with violence ; to force together into a 
mass. 3. To overwhelm by pressure ; to beat or force 
down, by an incumbent weight, with breaking or bruis- 
ing. 4. To overwhelm by power ; to subdue ; to conquer 
beyond resistance. 5. To oppress grievously. 6. To 
bruise and break into fine particles by beating or grinding ; 
to comminute. 

€RUSH, V. i. To be pressed into a smaller compass by ex- 
ternal weight or force. 

CRUSH, n. A violent collision, or rushing together, which 
breaks or bruises the bodies; or a fall that breaks or 
bruises into a confused mass. 

€RUSH a Cup. To empty a cup ; to drink together. Shak. 

CRUSHED, pp. Pressed or squeezed so as to break or 
bruise; overwhelmed or subdued by power; broken or 
bruised by a fall ; grievously oppressed ; broken or bruised 
to powder; comminuted. 

GRUSH'ER, 71. A violent breaker. 

€RUSH'ING, ppr. Pressing or squeezing into a mass, or 
until broken or bruised ; overwhelming ; subduing by 
force ; oppressing ; comminuting. 

€RUST, n. [L. ci-iista.] 1. An external coat or covering 
of a thing, which is hard, or harder than the internal sub- 
stance. 2. A piece of crust ; a waste piece of bread. 3. 
A shell, as the hard covering of a crab and some other 
animals. 4. A scab. 5. The superficial substances of 
the earth are, in ffsology, called its crust. 

€RUST, V. t. 1. To cover with a hard case or coat ; to 
spread over the surface a substance harder than the mat- 
ter covered. 2. To cover with concretions. 

CRUST, V. i. To gather or contract into a hard covering ; 
to concrete or freeze, as superficial matter. 

CRUS-TA-CE-OL'O-GY. See Crustalogt. 

CRUS-Ta'CEOUS, a. [Fr. crustacee.] Pertaining to crust ; 
like crust ; of the nature of crust or shell. Cmstaceojts 
animals, or Crustacea, have a crust or shell composed of 
several jointed pieces. 

CRUS-Ta'CEOUS-NESS, n. The quality of having a soft 
and jointed shell. 

CRUS-TA-L06'I-CAL, a. Pertaining to crustalogv. 

CRUS-TAiyO-filST, 71. One who describes, or is versed in 
the science of crustaceous animals. 

CRUS-TAL'0-6Y, n. [L. crusta, and Gr. \oyos,] That 
part of zoology which treats of crv^taceous animals. 

CRUST'A-TED, a. Covered with a crust. 

CRUS-Ta'TION, 71. An adherent crust ; incrustation. 

CRUST'ED, pp. Covered with a crust. 

CRUST'I-LY, adv. Peevishly ; harshly ; moroselv. 

CRUST'I-NESS, 71. 1. The quality of crust; hardness. 2. 
Peevishness ; moroseness ; surliness. 

CRUST'ING, pp: Covering with crust. 

CRUST'Y, a. 1. Like crust; of the nature of crust; per- 
taining to a hard covering; hard. 2. Peevish; snap- 
pish ; morose ; surly. 

CRUTCH, 71. [It. croccia.] 1. A staff with a curving cross- 
piece at the head, to be placed under the arm or shoulder, 
to support the lame in walking. 2. Figuratively, old 
age. 

CRUTCH, v.t. To support on cratches ; to prop or sustain, 
with miserable helps, that which is feeble. 

CRUX, n. [L.] Any thing that puzzles and vexes. [Little 
used.] Dr. Sheridan. 

CRu'YS-HA6E, 71. A fish of the shark kind. 

CRU-Za'DO. See Crusado. 

€R^, v. i. ; pret. and pp. cried. [Fr. a-ier.] 1. To utter a 
loud voice; to speak, call or exclaim with vehemence. 
2. To call importunately ; to utter a loud voice, by way 
of earnest request or prayer. 3. To utter a loud voice in 
weeping ; to utter the voice of son-ow ; to lament. 4. To 
utter a loud sound in distress. 5. To exclaim ; to utter a 
loud voice ; with out. 6. To proclaim ; to utter a loud 
voice, in giving public notice. 7. To bawl ; to squall ; as 
a child. 8. To yelp, as a dog. It may be used for the 
uttering of a loud voice by other animals. — To cry against, 
to exclaim, or utter a loud voice, by way of reproof, 
threatening or censure. — To cry out. 1, To exclaim ; to 
vociferate ; to scream ; to clamor. 2. To complain loudly. 
— To cry out against, to complain loudly, with a view to 
censure ; to blame ; to utter censure. — To cry to, to call 
on in prayer ; to implore. 

CRY, 75. t. To proclaim ; to name loudly and publicly for 
giving notice. — To cry down. 1. To decry ; to depreciate 
by words or in writing ; to dispraise ; to condemn. 2. To 
overbear. — To cry up, to praise ; to applaud ; to extol. 

CRY, n.; plu. Cries. 1. In a general sense, a loud sound ut- 
tered by the mouth of an animal ; applicable to the voice 
of man or beast, and articulate or inarticulate. 2. A loud 



or vehement sound, uttered in weeping, or lamentation j 
it may be a shriek or scream. 3. Clamor; outcry. 4 
Exclamation of triumph, of wonder, or of other passion 
5. Proclamation ; public notice. 6. The notices of hawk- 
ers of wares to be sold in the street are called cries, 7 
Acclamation ; expression of popular favor. 8. A loud 
voice in distress, prayer or request; importunate call. 
9. Public reports or complaints ; noise ;, fame. 10. Bitter 
complaints of oppression and injustice, 11. The sound or 
voice of irrational animals; expression of joy, fright, 
alarm or want. 12. A pack of dogs. 

CRY'AL, 71. [W. cregyr.] The heron. Ainsworth 

CRY'ER, n. A crier, which see. 

CR'f'ER, 71. A kind of hawk, called the falcon gentle, an 
enemy to pigeons, and very swift. 

CRY'ING, ppr. Uttering aloud voice ; proclaiming, &c. 

CR^'ING, a . Notorious ; common : great. Addison. 

CRY'ING, n. Importunate call ; clamor; outcry. 

CRY'O-LITE, 71. [Gr. K^vog and \iQoi.] A fluate of soda 
and alumin, found in Greenland. 

CRY-OPH'0-RUS, n. [Gr. /cpuos and ^opew.] Frost-bearer 
an instrument for showing the relation between evapora- 
tion at low temperatures and the production of cold 

CRYPT, n. [Gr. x-puTrrw.] A subterranean cell or cave , 
especially under a church, for the Interment of persons , 
also, a subterranean chape] or oratory, and the grave of a 
martyr. 

CRYP'TI-CAL 1 "■' Hi<iden ; secret ; occult. Watts 

CRYP'TI-CAL-LY, adv. Secretly. 

CRYP'TO-GAM, n. [See Cryptogamy.] In botany, a plant 
whose stamens and pistils are not distinctly visible. 

CRYP-TO-Ga'MI-AN, a. Pertaining to plants of the class 
crypto gamia. 

CRYP-TOG'A-MY, n. [Gr. KpvirTos and yafjios.] Concealed 
marriage ; a term applied to plants whose stamens and 
pistils are not well ascertained. 

CRYP-TOG'RA-PHER, n. One who writes in secret char- 
acters. 

CRYP-TO-GRAPH'I-CAL, a. Written in secret characters 
or in cipher, or with sympathetic ink. 

CRYP-TOG'RA-PHY, 71. [Gr. KpvirTOi and ypa<pu}.] The 
act or art of writing in secret characters ; also, secret 
characters or cipher. 

CRYP-T0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. KpvTrros and Uyos.] Secret oi 
enigmatical language. 

CRYS'TAL, 71. [L. crystallus.] 1. In chemistry and min- 
eralogy, an inorganic body, which, by the operation of 
afiinity, has assumed the form of a regular solid, termi 
nated by a certain number of plane and smooth surfaces. 
2. A factitious body, cast in glass-houses, called crystal 
glass ; a species of glass, more perfect in its composition 
and manufacture than common glass. 3. A substance of 
any kind having the form of a crystal. 4. The glass of a 
watch-case. — Ruck crystal, or mountain crystal, a general 
name for all the transparent crystals of quartz, particularly 
of limpid or colorless quartz. 

CRYS'TAL, a. Consisting of crystal, or like crystal; clear ; 
transparent ; lucid ; pellucid. 

CRYS'TAL-FORM, a. Having the form of crystal. 

CRYS'TA-LINE, a. [L. crystaUinus .] 1. Consisting of 
crystal. 2. Resembhng crystal ; pure ; clear ; transpa- 
rent ; pellucid. — Crystaline humor, or crystaline lens, a 
lentiform pellucid body, composed of a very white, trans- 
parent, firm substance, inclosed in a membranous capsule, 
and situated in a depression in the anterior pait of the 
vitreous humor of the eye. 

CRYS'TAL-iTE, n. A name given to whinstone, cooled 
slowly after fusion. Hall. 

CRYS'TAL-I-ZA-BLE, a. That may be crystalized ; that 
may form or be formed into crystals. 

CRYS-TAL-I-Za'TION, 71. 1. The act or process by which 
the parts of a solid body, separated by the intervention of 
a fluid or by fusion, again coalesce or unite, and form a 
solid body. 2. The mass or body formed by the process 
of crystalizing. 

CRYS'TAL-iZE, v. t. To cause to form crystals. 

CRYS'TAL-lZE, v.i. To be converted into a crj'^stal; to 
unite, as the separate particles of a substance, and form a 
determinate and regular solid. 

CRYSTAL-lZED, pp. Formed into crystals. 

CRYS'TAL-l-ZING,j)pr. Causing to crystalize ; forming or 
uniting in crvstals. 

CRYS-TAL-OG'RA-PHER, 7?. One who describes crystals, 
or the manner of their formation. 

CRYS-TAL-0-GRAPH'IC, I a. Pertaining to crystalog- 

CRYS-TAL-O-GRAPH'I-CAL, \ raphy. 

CRYS-TAL-0-GRAPH'I-CAL-LY, adv. In the manner of 
crystalography. 

CRYS-TAL-OG RA-PHY, 71. [crystal, and ypa^n-] 1- The 
doctrine or science of crystalization. 2. A discourse oi 
treatise on crystalization. 

CUB, 71. 1. The young of certain quadrupeds, as of the 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, D6VE j— BTILL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z } CH as SH ; TH as in this, i Obsolett 



CUD 



212 



CUL 



bear and the fbx ; a puppy ; a whelp. Waller uses the 
word for the young of the whale. 2. A young boy or girl, 
in contempt. Shak. 

t eUB, n. A stall for cattle. 

eUB, V. i. To bring forth a cub, or cubs. In contempt, to 
bring forth young, as a woman. 

+ €UB, V. t. To shut up or confine. Burton. 

eU-BA'TION, n. [L. cw&atio.] The act of lying down 3 a 
reclining. Diet. 

€u'BA-TO-RY, a. Lying down ; reclining ; incumbent. 

eO'BA-TURE, n. The finding exactly the solid or cubic 
contents of a body. Harris. 

CUBE, n. [Gr. kv^os ; L. cubus.] 1. In geometry, a regular 
solid body, with six equal sides, and containing equal 
angles.— 2. In arithmetic, the product of a number multi- 
plied into itself, and that product multiplied into the same 
mxmbex. — Cube^oot is the number or quantity, which, 
multiplied into itself, and then into the product, produces 
the cube. 

€UBE -ORE, n. Hexahedral olivenite, or arseniate of iron, 
a mineral of a greenish color. Ure. 

€U BEB, n. [Sp. cubeba.] The small spicy berry of the 
piper cubeba. 

CO'Bie, I a. [L. cubicus.] Having the form or proper- 

€U'Bie-AL, \ ties of a cube ; that may be or is contain- 
ed within a cube.-~Cubic number is a number produced 
by multiplying a number into itself, and that product by 
the same number. 

€u'Bie-AL-LY, adv. In a cubical method. 

eu'BI€^AL-NESS, n. The state or quality of being cubical. 

€U-BI€'U-LAR, a. [L. cubiculum.] Belonging to a cham- 
ber. 

€U-BI€'U-LA-RY, a. [L. cubiculum.] Fitted for the pos- 
ture of lying down. [Little used,] 

eO'BI-FORM, a. Having the form of a cube. Coxe. 

€U'BIT, 71. [L. cubitus.] 1. In anatomy, the fore arm ; tlie 
ulna, a bone of the arm from the elbow to the wrist.— 2. 
In mensuration, the length of a man's arm from the elbow 
to the extremity of the middle finger. The cubit, among 
the ancients, was of a different length among different na- 
tions. Dr. Arbuthnot states tlie Roman cubit at 17 inches 



and 4 tenths ; the cubit of the ^cripturt 



little 



than 22 inches ; and the English cubit at 18 inches. 
€U'BIT-AL, a. 1. Of the length or measure of a cubit. 

Broion. 2. Pertaining to the cubit or ulna. 
€U'BIT-ED, a. Having the measure of a cubit. 
eu'BO-DO-DE-€A-HE'DRAL, a. Presenting the two 

forms, a cube and a dodecahedron. Cleaveland. 
eu'BOID, a. Having the form of a cube, or differing little 

from it. 
eU-BOID'AL, a. [Gr. kv^os and eiSos.] Cubiform ; in the 

shape of a cube._ 
€U'BO-0€-TA-He'DRAL, a. Presenting a combination of 

the two forms, a cube and an octahedron. 
eU€K'ING-STOOI>, n. An engine for punishing scolds and 

refractory women ; also brewers and bakers ; called also 

a tumbrel and a trebuchet. 
€Lr€K'OLD, n. [Chaucer, cokewold ; Fr. cocu.] A man 

whose wife is false to his bed ; the husband ot an adul- 
teress. 
eUCK'OLD, V. t. 1. To make a man a cuckold by crimi- 
nal conversation with his wife. 2. To make a husband a 

cuckold by criminal conversation with another man. 
eU€K'0LD-D6M, n. The act of adultery ; tlie state of a 

cuckold. Dryden. 
eU€K'OLD-LY, a. Having the qualities of a cuckold ; 

mean ; sneaking. Shak. 
€U€K'OLD-Ma'KER, n. One who has criminal conversa- 
tion with another man's wife ; one who makes a cuckold. 

Dryden. 
eyCK'OO, n. [L. cuculus ; Fr. cou/:ou.] A bhd of the genus 

"cuculus, whose name is supposed to be called from its 

note. 
CTJCK'OO-FLOW'ER, or €U€K'00-BUD, n. A plant, a 

species of cardaraine. 
€U€K'00-PINT, n. A plant of the genus arum. 
€U€K'00-SPIT, \ n. A dew or exudation found on 

ei.J€K'00-SPIT'TLE, \ plants, especially about Jie joints 

of lavender and rosemary, 
t eU€'Q,UEAN, n. [Fr. coquine.] A vile, lewd woman. 
€U'CUL-LATE, ) a. [L. cucullatus.] 1. Hooded ; cowl- 
eC'€UL-LA-TED, \ ed ; covered as with a hood. 2. 

Having the shape or resemblance of a hood ; or wide at 

tlie top, and dmwn to a point below, in shape of a conical 

roll of paper. 
*€u'CUM-BER, 71. [Fr. coucombre, or concombre ; from h. 

cucumcr, or cucamis.] The name of a plant and its fruit . 

of the genus cucumis. 
eU'€UR-BIT, 71. [L. cucurbita.] A chemical vessel in the 

shape of a gourd ; but some of them are shallow, with a 

wide mouth. 
€TI-eUR-BI-TACEOUS, a. Resembling a gourd. 
eUD, n. 1. The food which ruminating animals chew at 

leisure, when not grazing or eating ; cr that portion of it 



which is brought from the iirst stomach and chewed at 
once. 2. A portion of tobacco held in the mouth and 
chewed. 3. The inside of the mouth or throat of a beast 
that chews the cud. 

f eUD'DEN, or j CUD'DY, n. A clown ; a low rustic ; a 
dolt. Dryden. 

eUD'DLE, V. i. [Arm. cuddyo.] To retire from sight; to lie 
close or snug ; to squat. Prior. 

eUD'DY, 71. 1. In ships, an apartment; a cabin under the 
poop, or a cook-room. 2. The cole-fish. 

€UD'6EL, n. [W. cogel.] A short, thick stick of wood, 
such as may be used by the hand in beating. — To cross 
the cudgels, to forbear the contest ; a phrase borrowed 
from the practice of cudgel-players, who lay one cudgel 
over another. 

€CJD'6EL, V. t. 1. To beat with a cudgel or thick stick. 
Swift. 2. To beat in general. Shak. 

€UD'6EL-ER, n. One who beats with a cudgel. 

€UD'GEL-PROOF, a. Able to resist a cudgel 3 not to be 
hurt by beating. Iludibras. 

CUD'LE, 71. A small sea-fish. Carew. 

CUD'WEED, n. A plant of the genuse-napftaZtMTa. 

CUE, n. [Fr. queue ; L. cauda.] 1. The tail ; the end ol a 
thing, as the long curl of a wig, or a long roll of hair. 2. 
The last words of a speech, which a nlayer, who is to an- 
swer, catches, and regards as an intimation to begin. A 
hint given to an actor on the stage, what or when to 
speak. 3. A hint ; an intimation ; a short direction. 4. 
The pait which any man is to play in his turn. 5. Humor ; 
turn or temper of mind ; \yulgar.] 6. A farthing or far- 
thing's worth. 7. The straight rod used in playing bill- 
iards. 

CUER'PO, (kwer'po) n. [Sp. cuerpo.] To be tn cuerpo, ox to 
walk in cuerpo, are Spanish phrases for being without a 
cloke or upper garment, or without the formalities of a 
full dress. 

CUFF, n. 1. A blow with the fipt ; a stroke ; a box. 2. It 
is used of fowls that fight with theu: talons. — To be at 
fisty-cuffs, to fight with blows of the fist, 

CUFF, V. t. To strike with the fist, as a man ; or with tal- 
ons or wings, as a fowl. Drvden. 

CUFF, V. i. To fight ; to scuffle. Dryden. 

CUFF, n. The fold at the end of a sleeve; the part of a 
sleeve turned back from the hand- 

€UI-Bo'NO. [A Latin expression often %ised.J For what 
purpose ; to what end, 

CUIN'AGE, n. The making up of tin into pigs, &c., for 
carriage. Bailey. 

*CUI-RASS', (kwe-ras')n. [Fi. cuirasse.} A breast-plate ) 
a piece of defensive armor. 

CUIR-AS-SIeR', (kwer-as-seer') n. A soldier Mmed with a 
cuirass, or breast-plate. Milton. 

* CUISH, (kwis) n. [Fr. cuisse.] Defensive armor for iiie 
thighs. Dryden. 

CUL'DEE, n. [L. cultores Dei.] A monkish priest, remark- 
able for religious duties. The Culdees formerly inhabited 
Scotland, Ireland, and Wales. 

C\j'LER-A6E, n. [Fr. cul.] Another name of the arse- 
smart. 

CU'LI-CI-FORM, a. [L. culex.] Of the form or shape of a 
flea ; resembling a flea. 

Cu'LI-NA-RY, a. [L. culinarius.] Relating to the kitchen, 
or to the art of cookery ; used in kitchens, JSTewton. 

CULL, n. A fool ; one "who is easily imposed upon. See 
Cully, 

CULL, V. t. [qu. Fr. cueillir.] To pick out; to separate one 
or more things from others ; to select from many. Pope. 

CULLED, pp. Picked out ; selected from many. 

CUL'LEN-DER, n. A strainer. See Colander, 

eULL'ER, n . One who picks or chooses from many ; an 
inspector who selects merchantable hoops and staves foi 
market. 

CULL-I-BIL'I-TY, 77. Credulity; easiness of belief. Swift 

GUliLi'lNG, ppr. Selecting; choosing fi-om many. 

CULL'ING, n. Any thing separated or selected from E 
mass ; refuse. Drayton. 

CULL'ION, (kul'yun) n. [It. coglione.] 1. A mean wretch 
If from cully, one easily deceived ; a dupe. Dryden. 2 
[L. colcus.] A round or bulbous root ; orchis. 

tCULL'ION-LY, fi. Mean; base. Shak. 

CUL'LIS, n. [Fr. coulis.] 1. Broth of boiled meat strained 
2. A kixid of ielly. 

CUL'LUM-BINE. See Columbine. 

CULLY, n. A person who is meanly deceived, tricked or 
imposed on, as by a sharper, jilt or strumpet; a mean dupe 

CULL'Y, V. t. [D. kullen.] To deceive ; to trick, cheat or 
impose on ; to jilt. 

CULL'Y-ISM, 7?.. The state of a cully. [Cully and its de- 
rivatives are not elegant words.] 

CULM, n. [L. culmus.] 1. In botany, the stalk or stem of 
corn and grasses, usually jointed and hollow, and sup- 
porting the leaves and fructification. 2, The straw or 
dry stalks of corn and grasses. 3. A species of fossil coal . 

CUL'MEN,7i. [L.] Summit. Sir T. Herbert. 



S^ Synopsis. A, E, !, o, C, ■?, Zo«o-.-FA]l, FALL, WH^iT ;— PRgY ;— HN, MARINE, BIRD;— ^ Cbsolete. 



CUM 



213 



CUP 



€UL-MIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. culmus and fero.] Prnducing 
stalks. Culmiferous plants have a smooth jointed stalk, 
and their seeds contained in chaffy husKs, as wheat, rye, 
oats and barley. 

€UL'MI-NATE, v. i. [L. culmen.] To be vertical ; to come 
or be in the meridian 3 to be in the highest point of alti- 
tude, as a planet. 

eUL-MI-NA'TION, n. 1. The transit of a planet over the 
meridian, or liighest point of altitude for the day. 2. Top 3 
crown. 

€UL-PA-BIL'I-TY, n. Blamableness ; culpableness. 

eUL'PA-BLE, a. [Low L. culpabilis.] 1. Blamable ; de- 
serving censure ; as the person who has done wrong, or 
the act, conduct or negligence of the person. 2. SiJiful ; 
criminal ; immoral ; faulty. 3. Guilty of; [not used.'' 

eUL'PA-BLE-NESS, 71. Blamableness 3 guilt 3 the quality 
of (ieserving blame. 

eUL'PA-BLY, adv. Blamably 3 in a faulty manner 5 in a 
manner to merit censure. 

eUL'PRIT, 71. 1. A person arraigned in court for a crime. 
2. Any person convicted of a crime 3 a criminal. 

€UL'TER, 71. [L.] A colter, which sec. 

eUL'TI-VA-BLE, fl. Capable of being tilled or cultivated. 
Edwards, W. Ind. 

€UL'TI-VATE, w. «. [Yi.cultiver.'] 1. To till 3 to prepare 
for crops 5 to manure, plough, dress, sow and reap ; to la- 
bor on, manage and imijrove in husbandry. 2. To im- 
prove by labor or study 3 to advance the growth of ; to 
refine and improve by correction of faults and esilarge- 
ment of powers or good qualities. 3. To study 5 to labor 
to improve or advance. 4. To cherish 3 to foster ; to labor 
to promote and increase. 5. To improve j to meliorate, 
or to labor to make better 3 to correct 3 to civilize. 6. To 
raise or produce by tillage. 

€UL'TI-VA-TED, pp. Tilled 3 improved in excellence or 
condition 3 corrected and enlarged ; cherished 3 melior- 
ated 3 civilized 3 produced by tillage. 

€UL'TI-VA-TING, ppr. Tilling; preparing for crops ; im- 
proving in worth of good qualities 5 meliorating 3 enlar- 
ging 3 correcting 3 fostering 3 civilizing 3 producing by 
tillage. 

CUL-TI-Va'TION, n. 1. The art or practice of tilling and 
preparing for crops 5 husbandry 3 the management of land. 
2. Study, care and practice directed to improvement, cor- 
rection, enlargement or increase 3 the application of the 
means of improvement. 3. The producing bv tillasfe. 

eUL'TI-VA-TOR, n. 1. One who tills or prepares land for 
crops 3 one who manages a farm, or carries on tlie opera- 
tions of husbandry in genera! 5 a farmer 5 a husbandman 3 
an agriculturist. 2. One who studies or labors to im- 
prove, to promote and advance in good qualities, or in 
growth. 

€UL'TRA-TED, a. [L. cuUratus.} Sliarp-edged and point- 
ed 3 formed like a knife. 

eULT'URE, 71. [L. c?iZa«-a.] 1. The act of tilling and pre- 
paring the earth for crops 5 cultivation 3 tlie application of 
labor or other means of improvement. 2. The applica 
tion of labor or other means to improve good qualities in, 
or growth. 3. The application of labor or other means in 
producing. 4. Any labor or means employed for improve- 
ment, correction or growth. 

eULT'URE, V. t. To cultivate. Thomson. 

€UL'VER, 71. [Sax. culfer, culfra.] A pigeon or wood- 
pigeon. Thomson. 

eUL'VER-HOUSE, n. A dove-cote. Harmar. 

€UL'VER-IN, 71. [Pr. couleuvrine.] A long, slender piece 
of ordnance or artillery, sei-ving to carry a ball to a great 
distance. 

€UL'VER-KeY, n. A plant or flower. Walton. 

CrjL'VERT, 71, A passage under a road or canal, covered 
with a bridge 5 an arched drain for the passage of water. 

CUL'VER-TAIL, n. Dove-tail, in joinery and carventry. 

€UL'VER-TAILED, a. United or fastened, as pieces of 
timber, by a dove-tailed joint. 

€UM'BENT, a. [L. cumbo.] Lying down. 

eUM'BER, V. t. [Dan. hummer.] 1. To load or crowd. 2. 
To check, stop or retard, as by a load or weight 3 to make 
motion difficult 3 to obstruct. 3. To penplex or embar- 
rass 5 to distract or trouble. 4. To trouble 3 to be trouble- 
some to 3 to cause trouble or obstruction in, as any thing 
useless. Thus, brambles cumber a garden or field. 

€IJM'BER, 71. Hinderance 5 obstruction 3 burdensomeness 3 
embarrassment 3 disturbance 5 distress. [ This word is now 
scarcely used.] 

€UM'BER-S6ME, a. 1. Troublesome ; burdensome 5 em- 
barrassing 5 vexatious. 2. Unwieldy 3 umnanageable 3 
not easily borne or managed. 

€UM'BER-S6ME-LY, adv. In a manner to encumber. 

eUM'BER-SoME-NESS, 71. Burdensomeness 3 the quality 
of being cumbersome and troublesome. 

eUM'BRANCE, 71. That which obstructs, retards, or renders 
motion or action difficult and toilsome 5 burden 3 encum- 
brance 3 hinderance ; oppressive load 3 embarrassment. 

eUM'BROUS 3. 1. Burdensome ; troublesome 5 rendering 



action difficult or toilsome 5 oppressive. 2. Giving troa- 
ble 3 vexatious. 3. Confused 3 jumbled 3 obstructing each 
other. 

€UM'BROUS-LY, adv. In a cumbrous manner. 

CUM'FREY, n. A genus of plants, the Symphytum', some- 
tunes written cornfrey, comfry, and comphry. 

CUM'IN, V. [L. cumivum.'] An annual plant of one species, 
whose seeds have a bitterish, warm taste, with an aro- 
matic flavor. 

€U'MU-LATE, V. t. [L. cumulo.] To gather or throw into 
a heap ; to form a heap 3 to heap together. Wood^card. 

€U-MU-La'TION, 71. The act of heaping together 5 a heap 
See Accumulation. 

€u'MU-LA-TlVE, a. 1. Composed of parts in a heap 3 
forming a mass. 2. Tiiat augments by addition 3 that is 
added to something else. — In laic, that augments, as evi- 
dence, facts or arguments of the same kind. 

€UN, v.t. 1. To know 3 [not used. See Con.] 2. To 
direct the course of a ship. See Cond, the true orthogra- 
phy. 

€Ur\"€-TA'TION, 71. [L. cunctor.] Delay. [JVot much 
used.] 

CUJVC-Ta'TOR, n. One who delays or lingers. [Littleused.] 
Hammond. 

CUND, V. t. To give notice. See Cond. 

€u'NE-AL, a. [L. cuncus.] Having the form of a wedge. 

eC'Nii-TED, I "■ Wedge-shaped. 

* €u'NEI-FORM, ) a. Having the shape or form of a 
€U'NI-F0RM, \ wedge. 

CUN'NER, 7i. [lepas.] A kind of fish, less than an oyster. 

CUJN'NING, a. [Sax. cunnan,connan.] 1. Knowing 3 skil- 
ful 3 experienced 3 well-instructed. 2. Wrought with 
skill 3 curious; ingenious. [The foregoing senses are obso- 
lete.] 3. Artful 3 shrewd ; sly 3 crafty 3 astute 3 design 
ing. 4. Deceitful 3 trickish 3 employing stratagems for a 
bad purpose. 5. Assumed with subtilty ; artful. 

CUN'NING, n. I. Knowledge ; art 3 skill 3 dexterity 3 [obs.] 

2. Alt 3 artifice 3 artfulness 3 craft 3 shrewdness 5 the fac- 
ulty or act of using stratagem to accomplish a purpose. 
Hence, in a bad sense, deceitfulness or deceit 3 fraudulent 
skill or dexterity. 

€UN'NING-LY, adv. Artfully 3 craftily 3 with subtilty 3 

v/ith fraudulent contrivance. 
€UN'NING-MAN, 7;. A man who pretends to tell fortunes, 

or teach how to recover stolen or lost goods. 
eUN'NING-NESS, n. Cunning 3 craft 3 deceitfulness. 
CUP, n. [Sax. cop, or cupp.] 1. A small vessel of capacity, 

used commonly to drink out of. 2. The contents of a 

cup 3 the liquor contained in a cup, or that it may contain. 

3. In a Scriptural sense, sufferings and afflictions 3 that 
which is to be received or endured. 4. Good received 3 
blessings and favors. 5. Any thing hollow, like a cup 5 
as, the cup of an acorn. The bell of a flower 3 and a 
calyx is called a flower-cup. 6. A glass cup or vessel 
used for drawing blood in scarification. — Cup and can, fa- 
miliar companions. Swift. — Cups, in the plural, social en- 
tertainment in drinking 3 merry bout. 

CUP, V. t. 1. In surgery, to apply a cupping glass to pro- 
cure a discharge of blood from a scarified part of the body. 
2. To supply with cups 3 [obs.] Shak. 

€UP'BEaR-ER, 71. An attendant of a prmce or at a feast, 
who conveys wine or other liquors to the guests 3 an offi- 
cer of the king's household. 

*e[JP'BoARD, n. Originally, aboard or shelf for cups to 
stand on. — In modern houses, a small case or inclosure in 
a room, with shelves, destined to receive cups, plates, 
dishes and the like. Dryden. 

* t CUP'BoARD, V. t. To collect into a cupboard 5 to hoard 
SkaJf. 

CUP'GALL, n. A kind of gall found on oak-leaves. 

CUP'-RO.'SE, n. The poppy. 

Cu'PEL, n. [L. cupella.] A small cup or vessel used in re- 
fining metals. 

CU-PEL-La'TION, 71. The refinmg of gold or silver by a 
cupel or by scorification. 

eU-PID'I-TY, n. [L. cupiditas.] An eager desire to possess 
something 3 an ardent wishing or longing 3 an inordinate 
or unlawful desiie of wealth or power. 

CtJ'PO-LA, 71. [It. cupola ; Sp. cupula.] In architecture, a 
spherical vault on the top of an edifice 3 a dome , or the 
round top of a dome. 

fCu'PO-LAID, a. Having a cupola. Herbert. 

CUP'PEL. See Coppel. 

CUP'PER, 71. One who applies a cupping-glass ; a scarifier 

eUP'PING, ppr. Applying a cupping-glass, with scarifica- 
tion 5 a drawing blood with a cupping-glass. 

CUP'PING-GLASS, n. A glass vessel like a cup, to be ap- 
plied to the skin, before and after scarification, for drawing 
blood. 

€u'PRE-OUS, a. [L. cupreus.] Coppery; consisting of 
copper ; resembling copper, or partaking of its qualities. 

€U-PRIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. cuprum.} Producing or affording 
copper. 



* See Sxjnopsis MOVE, BQOK, D6VE 5— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J 3 .? as Z 5 CH as SH 5 TH as in this, t Obsolete 



CUR 



214 CUR 



tJUR, 91. [qu. Lapponic, coira,] A degenerate dog ; aud, m 
reproach, a worthless man. Addison. Dryden. 

€U'RA-BLE, a That may be healed or cured ; admitting a 
remedy. Dryden. 

€u RA-BLE-NESS, n. Possibility of being cured, healed or 
remedied. 

eC'RA-CY, or €u'RATE-SHIP, n. 1. The office or employ- 
ment of a curate. 2. A benefice held by license from the 
bishop. 

€U'RATE, n. [L. curator, or cvratus.] 1. A clergyman in 
the church of England, who is employed to perform divine 
service in the place of the incumbent, parson or vicar. 
2. One employed to perform the duties of another. Dry- 
den. 

€D'RA-TiVE, a. Relating to the cure of diseases ; tending 
to cui'e. Arbatlinot. 

eU-RA'TOR, n. [L.] 1. One who has the care and super- 
intendence of any thing. 2. A guardian appointed by 
law.— 3. Among the Romans, a trustee of the affairs and 
interests of a person emancipated or interdicted. — 4. In 
the United Provinces, or Holland, the curator of a univer- 
sity superintends the affairs of the institution, the admin- 
istration of the revenues, the conduct of the professors, 
&c. 

€URB, n. [Fr. courier.'] 1. In the manege, a chain of iron 
made fast to the upper part of the branches of the bridle, 
in a hole called the eye, and running over the beard of the 
horse. 2. Restraint ; check ; hinderance. 3. A frame or 
a wall round the mouth of a well. 4. [Fr. courbe.] A 
hard and callous swelling on the hind part of the hock of 
a horse's leg. A tumor on the inside of a horse's hoof. 
Johnson. A swelling beneath the elbow of a horse's hoof. 
Bailey. 

€URB, V. t. 1. To restrain ; to guide and manage, fis a 
horse. 2. To restrain ; to check ; to hold back 5 to con- 
fine ; to keep in subjection. 3. To furnish or surround 
with a curb, as a well. 4. To bend ; [not used.] 

€URBED, pp. Restrained ; checked ; kept in subjection 3 
furnished with a curb. 

€URB'ING, ppr. Holding back ; checking ; restraining. 

eURB'ING, n. A check. 

eURB'-STONE, n. A stone placed at the edge of a pave- 
ment, to hold the work together. It is written, some- 
times, kerb or kirb. 

CURD, 71 [Ir. cruth ; Scot, cruds. Sometimes in English, 
crnd.] The coagulated or tJiickened part of milk, which 
is formed into cheese. 

€URD, V. t. To cause to coagulate ; to turn to curd. Shak. 

€URDLE, V. i. [sometimes written crudlc.] 1. To coagu- 
late or concrete ; to thicken, or change into curd. 2. To 
thicken ; to congeal. 

€UR'DLE, V. t. 1 To change into curd ; to cause to thick- 
en, coasrulate, or concrete. 2. To congeal or thicken. 

€UR'DLED, pp. Coagulated ; congealed. 

CUR'DLING, ppr. Concreting ; coagulating. 

CURD'Y, a. Lik? curd ; full of curd ; coagulated. 

CURE, n. [L. cura ; Fr. cure.] 1. A healing ; the act of 
healing ; restoration to health from disease, and to sound- 
ness from a wound. 2. Remedy for disease ; restorative ; 
that which heals. 3. The employment of a curate ; the 
care of souls ; spiritual charge. 

CURE, V. t. [L. euro.] 1. To heal, as a person diseased, or 
a wounded limb ; to restore to liealth, as the body, or to 
soundness, as a limb. 2. To subdue, remove, destroy or 
put an end to ; to heal, as a disease. 3. To remedy ; to 
remove an evil, and restore to a good state. 4. To dry ; 
to prepare for preservation. 

Cured, pp. Healed ; restored to health or soundness ; re- 
moved, as a disease ; remedied ; dried, smoked, or other- 
wise prepared for preservation. 

CuRE'LESS, a. That cannot be cured or healed ; incura- 
ble ; not admitting of a remedy. 

Cull'ER, n. A healer ; a physician ; one who heals. 

CUll'FEW, n. [Fr. couvrc~feu.] 1. The ringing of a bell or 
bells at night, as a signal to the inhabitants to rake up 
their fires and retire to rest. This practice originated in 
England from an order of William the Conqueror, who di- 
rected that at the ringing of the bell, at eight o'clock, ev- 
ery one should put out his light and go to bed. 2. A cover 
for a fire ; a fire-plate ; [not lised ] Bacon. 

j-CU-RI-AL'I-TY, 7t. [h. curiall?,] The privileges, prerog- 
atives or retinue of a court. Bacon. 

CuR'ING, ppr. Healing ; restoring to health or soundness ; 
removing, as an evil ; preparing for preservation. 

CuR'lNG-IIOUSE, n. A building in which sugar is drained 
and dried. Edwards, TV. Ind. 

CU-RI-O-LOGIC, a. [Gr. xuptoXoj/ta.] Designating a rude 
kind of hieroglyphics, in which a thmg is represented by 
its picture. 

€U-RI-OS'I-TY, 72. [L. curiositas.] 1. A strong desire to 
see something novel, or to discover something unknown, 
either by research or inquiry ; a desire to gratify the senses 
with a sight of what is new or unusual, or to gratify the 
mind with new discoveries ; inquisitiveness. 2. Nicety ; 



delicacy. 3. Accuracy ; exactness j nice performance , 
curiousness. 4. A nice experiment ; a thing unusual, or 
worthy of curiosity. 5. An object of curiosity j that 
which excites a desire of seeing, as novel and extraordi- 
nary. 

CU-RI-O'SO, 71. [It.] A curious person ; a virtuoso. 

CU'RI-OUS, a. [L. curiosus.] 1. Strongly deskous to see 
what is novel, or to discover what is unknown ; solicit- 
ous to see or to know ; inquisitive. 2. Habitually inquis- 
itive ; addicted to research or inquiry. 3. Accurate ; 
careful not to mistake ; solicitous to be correct. 4. Care- 
ful ; nice • solicitous in selection ; difficult to please. 5. 
Nice ; exact 3 subtile ; made with care. 6. Artful ; nicely 
.diligent. 7. Wrought with care and art ; elegant ; neat ; 
finished. 8. Requiring care and nicety. 9. Rigid ; se- 
vere ; particular ; [little used.] 10. Rare ; singular. 

Cu'RI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With nice inspection ; inquisi^ve- 
ly ; attentively. 2. With nice care and art ; exactly ; 
neatly ; elegantly. 3. In a singular manner ; unusually. 

CtJ'RI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Fitness to excite curiosity ; exact- 
ness of workmanship. 2. Singularity of contrivance. 3 
Curiosity. 

CURL, V. t. [D. krullen.] 1. To turn, bend or form into 
ringlets ; to crisp, as the hair. 2. To writhe ; to twist ; 
to coil, as a serpent. 3. To dress with curls. 4. To raise 
in waves or undulations ; to ripple. 

CURL, V. i. 1. To bend in contraction ; to shrink into ring- 
lets. 2. To rise in waves or undulations ; to ripple ; and, 
particularly, to roll over at the summit. 3. To rise in a 
winding current, and to roll over at the ends. 4. To 
writhe ; to twist itself. 5. To shrink ; to shrink back ; 
to bend aud sink. 

CURL, n. 1. A ringlet of hair, or any thing of a like form. 
2. Undulation ; a waving ; sinuosity ; flexure. 3. A 
winding in the grain of wood. 

CURL-HEAD'ED, or CURLED-PATE, a. Having the hair 
curled. Shak. 

CURLED, pp. Turned or fonned into ringlets ; crisped ; 
twisted ; undulated. 

CUR'LEW, 71, [Fr. courlis, or corlieu.] 1. Ae aquatic fowl 
of tlie genus scolopax and the grallic order. 2. A fowl, 
larger than a partridge, with longer legs, which frequents 
the corn-fields in Spain. 

CURL'I-NESS, 71. A state of being curly. 

CURL'ING, ppr. Bending ; twisting ; forming into ringlets. 

CURLTNG-LY, adv. In a waving fashion or manner. 

CURL'ING-l-RONS, \n. An instrument for curling the 

CURL'ING-TONGS, ) hair. 

CURL'Y, a. Having curls ; tendhig to curl ; full of ripples. 

CUR-MUD'GEON, n. An avaricious, churlish fellow ; a 
miser ; a niggard ; a churl. Hudibras. 

CUR-MUD'GEON-LY, a. Avaricious ; covetous ; niggard- 
ly ; churlish. UEstrange. 

CUR'RANT, 71. [from Corinth.] 1. The fruit of a well- 
known shrub belonging to the genus ribes. 2. A small 
kind of dried grape, imported from the Levant, chiefly 
from Zante and Cephalonia ; used in cookery. 

CUR'REN-CY, n. 1. Literally, a flowing, running or pass- 
ing ; a continued or unintenupted course, like that of a 
stream. 2. A continued course in public opinion, belief 
or reception ; a passing from person to person, or from 
age to age. 3. A continual passing from hand to hand, as 
coin or bills of credit ; circulation. 4. Fluency ; readiness 
of utterance. 5. General estimation ; the rate at which 
any thing is generally valued. 6. That which is current, 
or in circulation, as a medium of trade. 

CUR'RENT, a. [L. currens.] 1. Literally, flowing, run- 
ning, passing. Hence, passing from person to person, or 
from hand to hand 3 circulating 3 as, current opinions ; 
current coin. Hence, common, general or fashionable ; 
generally received 3 popular. Swift. 2. Established by 
common estimation 3 generally received. 3. Passable , 
that may be allowed or admitted. 4. Now passing 3 pres- 
ent in its course. 

CUR'RENT, 7!. ]. A flowing or passing ; a stream 3 applied 
to fluids. 2. Course 3 progressive motion, or movement 5 
continuation. 3. A connected series 5 successive course. 
4. General or main course. 

CUR'RENT-LY, adv. In constant motion 3 with continued 
progression. Hence, commonly 3 generally 3 popularly 3 
with general reception. 

CUR'RENT-NT:SS, n. 1. Currency ; circulation 3 general 
reception. 2. Fluency 3 easiness of pronunciation. 

CUR'RI-CLE, 71. [L. curriculum.] 1. A chaise or carriage, 
witii two wheels, drawn by two horses abreast. 2. A 
chariot 3 [obs.] 3. A course 3 [obs.] 

CURirieD, pp.. Dressed by currying 3 dressed as leather ; 
cleaned ; prepared. 

CUR'RI-ER, V. [L. coriarius.] A man who dresses and 
colors leather, after it is tanned. 

CURiRISH, a. Like a cur 3 having the qualities of a cur , 
brutal 3 malignant 5 snappish 5 snarling 3 churlish 5 in- 
tractable 3 quarrelsome. 

CUR'RISH-LY, adv. Like a cur 3 in a brutal manner. 



* See Synopsis 1, E, T, O, tj, f, long.—Fl^R, FALL, WHAT 5— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. 



CUR 



215 



CUS 



eUR'RISH-NESS, n. Moroseness ; cliurlishness. 

eUR'RY, V. t. [Fr. cor7-oyer.] 1. To dress leather, after it 
is tanned ; to soak, pare or scrape, cleanse, beat and color 
tanned hides, and prepare them for use. 2. To rub and 
clean with a comb. o. To scratch or claw ; to tear, in 
quarrels, 4. To rub or stroke ; to make smooth ; to tickle 
by flattery ; to humor. But generally used in the phrase. 
To curry favor, to seek or gain favor by flattery, caresses, 
kindness, or officious civilities ; [not elegant,] Hooker. 

eUIl'RY-€oMB, n. An iron instrunient or comb, for rub- 
bing and cleaning horses. 

€UR'11Y-ING, ppr. Scraping and dressing ; cleaning ; 
scratching. 

€URSE, V. t. ; pret. and pp. cursed, or curst. [Sax. cursian, 
corsian.] 1. To utter a wish of evil against one ; to im- 
precate evil upon ; to call for mischief or injury to fall up- 
on ; to execrate. 2. To injure ; to subject to evil ; to vex, 
harass or torment with great calamities. 3. To devote to 
evil. 

€tJRSE, V. i. To utter imprecations ; to affirm or deny with 
imprecations of divine vengeance. 

€URSE, n. 1. Malediction ; tlie expression of a wish of evil 
to another. 2. Imprecation of evil. 3. Affliction ; tor- 
ment ; great vexation. 4. Condemnation ; sentence of 
divine vengeance on sinners. 5. Denunciation of evil. 

€URSED, pjh. 1. Execrated ; afflicted ; vexed ; tormented ] 
blasted by a curse. 2. Devoted to destruction. 

eURS'ED, a. 1. Deserving a curse ; execrable ; hateful ; de- 
testable ; abominable. 2. a. Vexatious. Dryden. 

eURS'ED-LY, adv. In a cursed manner ; enormously ; 
miserably ; in a manner to be cursed or detested. [A low 
■word.] 

€URS'ED-NESS, n. The state of being under a curse, or of 
being doomed to execration or to evil. 

€URS'ER, n. One who curses, or utters a curse. 

eUR'SHIP, n. Dogship ; meanness ; ill-nature. 

eURS'ING, p-pr. Execrating ; imprecating evil en , de- 
nouncing evil ; dooming to evil, misery, or vexation. 

CURSING, 71. Execration ; the uttering of a curse 5 a doom- 
ing to vexation or misery. 

eUR'SI-TOR, 71, [L. cur so, cursito.] In Euffland, a clerk 
in the comt of chancery, whose business is" to make out 
original writs. 

eUR'SIVE, a. [It. corsivo.] Running ; flowing. Cursive 
hand is a running hand, 

rCUR'SO-RA-RY, a. Cursory; hasty. Shak. 

eUR'SO-RI-LY, adv. In a running or hasty manner ; slight- 
ly , hastily ; without attention. 

€UR'SO-RI-NESS, n. Slight view or attention. 

eUR'SO-RY, a. [L. cursorius.'] 1. Running ; hasty ; slight ; 
superficial ; careless ; not with close attention. 2. Run- 
ning about ; not stationary. 

eURST, pp. of curse. 

CURST, a. Hateful ; detestable ; froward ; tormenting ; 
vexatious ; peevish ; malignant ; mischievous ; mali- 
cious : snarling. 

CURST'NESS, n. Peevishness ; malignity ; frowardness ; 
crabbedness 3 surliness. 

CURT, a, [L, curtusJ] Short. Brotcn. [Rarely tised.] 

CUR-TaIL', v. t. [Fr. court and tailler.] To shorten ; to 
cut off the end or a part. Hence, in a more general sense, 
to shorten in any manner ; to abridge ; to diminish. 

eUR'T AIL-DOG, n. A dog whose tail is cut off, according 
to the forest laws, and therefore hindered from corn-sing. 
Shak. 

€UR-TaIL'ED, (kur-tald') pp. Cut short or shorter ; abridg- 
ed. 

CUR-TaIL'ER, n. One who cuts off any thing. 

CUR-TaIL'ING, ppr. Cutting short or shorter"; abridging. 

CUR-TaIL'ING, n. Abridgment ; abbreviation. 

CUR'TAIN, (kur'tin) 7;. [It. cortina,] 1. A cloth hanging 
round a bed, or at a window, which may be contracted, 
spread or drawn aside at pleasure ; intended for ornament, 
or for use. Also, the hangings about the ark, among the 
Israelites. 2. A cloth-hanging used in theatres, to con- 
ceal the stage from the spectators. This is raised or let 
down by cords. Hence the phrases, to drop the curtain, 
to cVfie the scene, to end ; to raise the curtain or the cur- 
tain will rise, to denote the opening of the play ; and to 
draw the curtain, is to close it, to shut out the light or to 
conceal an object ; or to open it and disclose the object. 
Behind the curtain, in concealment, in secret. — 3. In for- 
tification, that part of the rampart which is between the 
flanks of two bastions. — 4. In Scripture, tents ; dwellings. 

CUR'TAIN, V, t. To inclose with curtains 3 to furnish with 
curtains. Shak, 

eUR'TAIN-LEC'TURE, n. Reproof given in bed by a wife 
to her husband. Addison. 

CURT'AL, 71. A horse with a docked tail. B. Jonson. 

eURT'AL, a. Short ; abridged ; brief, Milton. 

eURT'ATE, a, [L. curtatus.] The curtate distance, in as- 
tronomy, is the distance of a planet from the sun to that 
point, where a perpendicular let fall from the planet meets 
with the ecliptic. 



€UR-Ta'TIONj n. The interval between a planet'fs dis 

tance from the sun and the curtate distance. 

CUR'TE-LASSE, ) ^ ^ 

CUR'TE-LAX. i ^^^ Cutlass. 

CURT'I-LAGE, n. In law, a yard, garden, inclosure or 
field near and belonging to a messuage. 

tCURT'LY, adv. Briefl>. 

CURT'SY. See Courtesy. 

Cu'RULE, a. [L. curulis.] Belonging to a chariot. The 
curule chair or seat, among the Romans, was a stool with- 
out a back, covered with leather, and so made as to be 
folded. It was conveyed in a chariot, and used by public 
officers. 

€URV'A-TED, a. Curved ; bent in a regular form. 

CURV-A'TION, 71. The act of bending. 

€URV'A-TURE, 11. [L. curvatura.] A bending in a regular 
form ; crookedness, or the manner of bending ; flexure by 
which a curve is formed. 

CURVE, (kurv) a. [L. curvus.] Bending ; crooked ; in- 
flected in a regular form, and forming part of a cir- 
cle. 

CURVE, 71. A bending in a regular form, or without an 
gles ; that which is nent ; a flexure ; part of a circle. — Ir 
geometry, a line wiilch may be cut by a right line in more 
"points than one. 

CURVE, V. t. [L. curvo.] To bend ; to crook ; to inflect. 

CURVED, pj;. Bent; regularly inflected. 

CURV'ET, n. [It. corvetta.] 1. In the 77ia7ie^e, a particu 
lar leap of a horse, when he raises both his fore legs at 
once, equally advanced, and as his fore legs are falling, 
he raises his hind legs, so that all his legs are raised at 
once. 2. A prank ; a frolick. 

CURVET, V. i. [It. corvettare.] I. To leap ; to bound ; to 
spring and form a curvet. 2. To leap and frisk, 

CUR-VI-LIN'E-AR, or CUR-VI-LIN'E-AL, a. [L. curvtis 
and linea.] Having a curve line ; consisting of curve 
lines ; bounded by curve lines. 

CUR-VI-LIN-E-AR'I-TY, n. The state of being curvilinear, 
or of consisting in curve lines. 

CURVING, ppr. Bending in a regular form ; crooked. 

CURVI-TY, 71. [L. curvitas.] A bending in a regular 
form ; crookedness. Holder 

CUSH'AT, 71. The ring-dove or wood-pigeon. 

eySH'ION, (fcush'in) 71. [Fr. co^l,ssin.'] 1. A pillow for a 
seat ; a soft pad to be placed on a chair ; a bag, stuffed 
with wool, hair or other soft material. 2. Abagofleath 
er filled with sand, used by engravers to support the plate 
— 3. In gilding, a stuffing of fine tow or wool, covered by 
leather, "on a board ; used for receiving the leaves of gold 
from the paper, in order to its being cut into proper sizes 
and figures. — Lady's cushion, a plant, a species of saxifra- 
ga. Lse. — Sea cushion, sea pink or thrift, a species of sta 
tice. Lee, 

CTJSH'ION, V. t. To seat on a cushion. 

CtJSH'IONED, a. Seated on a cushion. 

CUSH'ION-ET, n. A little cushion. Beaumont. 

t CUSK'IN, n. A kind of ivory cup. Bailey. 

CUSP, 7i. [Ij. cuspis.] The point or horn of the moon. 

CUSP'A-TED, a. [L. cuspis.] Pointed ; ending in a point. 

CUSP'I-DAL, a. Ending in a point. More. 

tCUSP'I-DATE, V. t. To sharpen. Cockeram, 

CUSP'I-DATE, I a. [L. cuspidatus,] Having a sharp end, 

CUSP'I-DA-TED, \ like the point of a spear ; terminating 
in a bristly point. 

CUS'PIS, n, [L.l The sharp end of a thing. More. 

CUS'TARD, 71. [Cymbric, ciostard.] A composition of milk 
and eggs, sweetened and baked or boiled, forming an 
agreeable kind of food. 

CUS'TARD-AP'PLE, n. A plant, a species ofannona. 

CUS-To'DI-AL, a. Relating to custody or guardianship. 

CUS'TO-DY, n. [L. custodia.] 1. A keeping ; a guarding ■ 
care, watch, inspection, for keeping, preservation or se- 
curity. 2. Imprisonment ; confinement ; restraint of lib 
erty. 3. Defense from a foe ; preservation ; security. 

CUST6M,7i. [Yr. coutiime.] ]. Frequent or common use 
or practice ; a frequent repetition of the same act ; hence, 
way ; established manner ; habitual practice. 2. A buy- 
ing of goods ; practice of frequenting a shop and purchas- 
ing or procuring to be done. — 3. In law, long established 
practice, or usage, which constitutes the unwritten law 
and long consent to which gives it authority. 

CUS'ToM, V. t. 1. To make familiar. See Accustom, 
which is the word used. 2. To give custom to. 

CUS'ToM, V. i. To accustom. Spenser. 

CUS'ToM, n. [Fr. coutume.] Tribute, toll or tax ; that is, 
cost or charge paid to the public. Customs, in the plural, 
the duties imposed by law on merchandise imported or 
exported. 

CUS'ToM-HOUSE, n. The house where vessels enter and 
clear, and where the customs are paid or sficured to be 
paid. 

CUS'T6M-A-BLE, a. 1. Common ; habitual ; frequent. 2. 
Subject to the payment of the duties called customs. Laic 
of Mass. 



* See Stjnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE £ as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z •, CH as SH ; TH as in this, f ObsoUta 



CUT 



216 



CYL 



€US»TOM-A-BLE-NESS, n. Frequency; conformity to 
custom. [Little used.] 

€U&'ToM-A-BLY, adv. According to custom. 

eUS'T6M-A-RI-LY, adv. Habitually ; commonly. 

eUS'T6M-A-RI-NESS, n. Frequency ; commonness ; ha- 
bitual use or practice. 

eUS'T6M-A-RY, a. [Fr. covtiimier.] 1. According to cus- 
tom or to established or common usage. 9. Habitual ; in 
common practice. 3. Holding by custom. 4. Held by 
custom. 

€US'ToM-A-RY, n. [Fr. coutumicr, coustumier .] A book 
containing laws and usages, or customs. 

eUS'ToMED, a. 1. Usual ; common ; to which we are ac- 
customed. 2. Furnished with customers. 

eUS'ToM-ER, 71. 1. One who frequents any place of sale 
for the sake of purchasing goods ; one who purchases j 
goods or wares. 2. One who frequents or visits any place 
for procuring what he wants. 3. A toll-gatherer ; [ofc-.] 

CUS'TOS, 71. [L.l A keeper ; as. cu^stoa brevium. 

teUS'TREL, n. [qu. Old Fr. couatilUer.] A buckler-bearer. 
Also, a vessel for holding wine. 

€US'TIJ-MA-RY, n. A book of laws and customs. Sel- 
den. , 

€UT, V. t. ; pret. and pp. cut. [Norm, cotu,] 1. To separate 
the parts of any body by an edged instrument, eitlier by 
striking, as with an axe, or by sawing or rubbing ; to make 
a gash, incision or notch, which separates the external 
part of a body, as, to cut the iiesh. It signifies also to cut 
into pieces; to sever or divide. 2. To hew. 3. To carve, 
as meat ; to carve or engrave in sculpture. 4. To divide ; 
to cleave, by passing througli. 5. To penetrate ; to pierce ; 
to affect deeply. 6. To divide, as a pack of cards. 7. To 
intersect ; to cross. 8. To castrate. 

To cut across, to pass by a shorter course, so as to cut off an 
angle or distance. — To cut asunder, to cut into pieces ; to 
divide ; to sever. — To cut down, to fell ; to cause to fall by 
severing. Hence, to depress ; to abash ; to humble ; to 
shame; to silence. Addison.— To cut off. 1. To separate 
one part from another. 2. To destroy ; to extirpate ; to 
put to death untimely. 3. To separate ; to remove to a dis- 
tance, or to prevent all intercourse. 4. To interrupt. 
5. To separate ; to remove ; to take away. 6. To in- 
tercept ; to hinder from return, or union. The troops 
were cut off from the ships. 7. To end ; to finish. 8. 
To prevent or preclude. 9. To preclude or shut out. 
10. To stop, interrupt or silence. — To cut on. 1. To has- 
ten ; to run or ride with the utmost speed ; [a vulgar 
jihrase.] 2. To urge or drive in striking ; to quicken 
blows ; to hasten.— 7*0 cut out. 1. To remove a part by 
cutting or carving. 2. To shape or form by cutting. 3. 
To scheme ; to contrive ; to prepare. 4. To shape ; to 
adapt. 5. To debar. 6. To take the preference or pre- 
cedence of. 7. To step in and take the place of, as in 
courting and dancing. 8. To interfere as a horse, when 
the shoe of one foot beats off the skin of the pastern joint 
of another. — To cut short. 1. To huider from proceed- 
ing by sudden interruption. 2. To shorten ; to abridge. 
— To cut up. 1. To cut in pieces ; as, to cut, uj) beef. 2. 
To eradicate ; to cut off. 

CUT, v.i. 1. To pass into or through, and sever ; to enter 
and divide the parts. 2. To be severed by a cutting in- 
strument. 3. To divide by passing. 4. To perform a 
surgical operation by cutting, especially in lithotoiny. 5. 
To interfere, as a horse. — To cut in, to divide, or turn a 
card, for determining who are to play. 

€UT, pp. Gashed ; divided ; hewn ; carved ; intersected ; 
pierced; deeply afiected ; castrated. — Cut and dry,pYe- 
pared for use ; a metaphor from heion timber. 

€UT, 71. 1. The action of an edged instrument ; a stroke or 
blow, as with an axe or sword. 2. A cleft ; a gash ; a 
notch ; a wound ; the opening made by an edged instiii- 
ment, distinguished by its length from that made by 
perforation with a pointed instrument. 3. A stroke or 
blow with a whip. 4. A channel made by cutting or dig- 
gmg ; a ditch ; a groove ; a furrow ; a ca,nal. 5. A part 
cut off from the rest. Also, any small piece or shred. 6. 
A lot made by cutting a stick. 7. A near passage, by 
which an angle is cut off. 8. A picture cut or carved' on 
wood or metal, and impressed from it. 9. The stamp on 
which a picture is carved, and by which it is impressed. 
10. The act of dividing a pack of cards. 11. Manner in 
which a thing is cut ; form ; shape ; fashion. 12. A fool ; 
a cully ; a gelding. [JVot in use.~\ — Cut and long tail, men 
of all kinds • a proverbial expression borrowed from 

donrs 

€U-TA'NE-OUS, a. Belonging to the skin, or cutis ; exist- 
ing on, or affecting the skin. 

eUTH, in Saxon, signifies known, or famous. Hence, 
Czithwin.a fiimous conqxisror. Oibson. 

€i3'TI-€LE, n [L. cuticula.'] 1. The scarf-skin ; the thin, 
exterior coat of the skin, which rises in a blister ; a thin, 
pellucid membrane covering the true skin. 2. The thin, 
external covering of the bark, of a plant. 3. A thin skin 
formed on the surface of liquor. 



€U-TI€'U-LAU, a. Pertaining to the cuticle, or external 

coat of the skin. 

€UT'LAS, n. [Fr. covtelas.] A broad, curving sword ; a 
hanger ; used by soldiers in the cavalry, by seamen, &c. 

€UT'LER, n. [Fr. coutelier.] One whose occupation is to 
make knives and other cutting instruments. 

€UT'LER-Y, n. The business of making knives ; or, more 
generally, knives and other edged instruments in general. 

€UT'LET, n. [Fr. cCttelette.} A small piece of meat for 
cooking. 

eUT'PURSE, n. One who cuts purses for stealing them or 
their contents. One who steals from the person ; a thief; 
a robber. 

CUT'TER, jt. 1. One who cuts or hews. 2. An instrument 
that cuts. 3. A fore tooth that cuts meat, as distinguished 
from a grinder. 4. A small boat used by ships of war. 
Also, a vessel with one mfist and a straight running bow- 
sprit, which may be run in upon deck. 5. An officer in 
the exchequer that provides wood for the tallies. 6. A ruf- 
fian ; a bravo ; a destroyer ; [ois.] 

€UT'-THRoAT, n. A murderer; an assassin; a ruffian. 
Dry den. 

€UT'-THR5AT, a. Murderous ; cruel ; barbarous. Carew. 

€UT'TING, ppr. 1 . Dividing by an edged instrument ; 
cleaving by the stroke or motion of an edged instrument, 
as hy a knife, axe, or saw ; hewing ; carving ; intersect- 
ing ; piercing. 2. a. Piercing the heart; wounding the 
feelings ; deeply affecting with shame or remorse ; pun- 
gent ; piquant ; satirical. 

eUT'TING, 7?. 1. A separation or division ; a piece cut off; 
a slip. 2. The operation of removing a stone from the 
bladder. 

€UT'TLE, ) 71. [Sax. CMtfeZe.] \. Agermsofmollusca, 

€UT'TLE-FISH, ) called sepia. Cuttle is used for a foul- 
mouthed feilow. 2. A knife ; [not in use.l Shak. 

€UT'-WA-TER, n. The fore part of a ship's prow, or knee 
of the head, which cuts the water. Also, a water-fowl. 

t€UT'-W6RK, 71. Embroidery. B. Jonson. 

C-^'A-NlTE, n. [Gr. Kvavog.] A mmeral of a Berlin blue 
color. 

CY-AN'0-6EN, 71. [Gr. Kvavos and yevvau).] Carbureted 
azote, or carburet of nitrogen. 

CY-ATH'I-FORM, a [L. cyathus.] In the form of a cup, or 
drinking-glass, a little widened at the top. 

CYC'LA-DeS, 7t. plu. [Gr. kvkXos.] A number of isles ar- 
ranged round the isle of Delos, in the Grecian Sea, in the 
form of a circle. 

CY€'LA-MEN, n. [L.] In botany, sow-bread. Sprat. 

CY'CLE, ??. [Gr. kvkXos ,• L. cyclu^s.'] 1. In chronology, a 
period or series of numbers, which regularly proceedfrom 
first to last, and then return to the first in a perpetual cir- 
cle. 2. The cijcle of the moon, or golden number, or Me- 
tonic cycle, so called from its inventor Meton, is a period 
of nineteen years, which being completed, the new and 
full moons return on the same days of the month.— 3. The 
cycle of the sun is a period of twenty -eight years. — 4. Cy- 
cle ofindiction, a period of fifteen years. 5. A round of 
years, or period of time, in which the same course begins 
again. 6. An imaginary orb or circle in the heavens. 

€Y'-CLO-GRAPH,77.. [Gr. kvkXos and ypacpu).] An instru- 
ment for describing the arcs of circles. 

Cy'CLOID, 7?. [Gr. kvkXos and ct^oj .] A geometrical curve, 
on which depends the doctrine of pendulums ; a figure 
made by the upper end of the diameter of a circle turning 
about a right line. 

CY-€LOID'AL, a. Pertaining or relating to a cycloid. 

-eY--GLO-LITE,n. A name given to madrepores. 

CY-CLOM'E-TRY, n. [Gr. kvkXos and juerpew.] The art 
of measuring cycles or circles. 

CY CLO-Pe'AN, a. Pertaining to the Cyclops ; vast ; ter- 
rific. Hall. 

CY-CLO-Pe'DI-A, or CY'CLO-PeDE, n. [Gr. kvkXo? and 
TTaiSeia.] The circle or compass of the arts and sciences ; 
circle of human knowledge. Hence, the book or books 
that contain treatises on every branch of the arts and 
sciences, arranged under proper heads, in alphabetical 
order. See Encyclopedia. 

CY-CLOP'IC, a. Pertaining to the Cyclops ; gigantic; sav 
age. 

CY'CLOPS, n. [Gr. k-uk-Xw^.] In fabulous history, certain 
giants, the sons of Neptune and Amphitrite, who had but 
one eye, which was circular, and in the midst of the fore- 
head. 

C-5'DER. See Cider. 

CYG'NET, n. [L. cygnus, eycnus.] A young swan. 

CYL'IN-DER, n. [Gr. Kv\ivSpog.] In geometry, a solid body 
supposed to be generated by the rotation of a parallelo- 
gram round one of its sides ; or a long circular body of 
uniform diameter, and its extremities formiug equal par 

CYL-IN-DRa"'CEOUS, a. Cylindrical. [LUtle used ] 



* See Sijnopsis a E, T, 6, U, Y, long.—FATx, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PTN, MARINE, BIRD ; 



t Obsolett, 



DAC 



217 



DAG 



GY-LIN'DTlie ) a. Having the form of a cylinder, or 

CY-LIN'DRI-€AL, ) partaking of its properties. 

CY-LIN'DRI-FORM, a. [cylinder and form.] Having the 
form of a cylinder. 

CYL'IN-DROID, n. {cylinder, and ft^o?.] A solid body, ap- 
proaching to the figure of a cylinder, but differing in some 
respects, as having the bases elliptical, but parallel and 
equal. 

CY-MARjM. A slight covering J a scarf : properly, siniar. 

CY-Ma'TI-UM, or C^'MA, n. [L.] In. architecture, a 
member or molding of the cornice, the profile of which is 
waving. 

CYM'BAL, n. [L. cymbalum.] 1. A musical instrument used 
by the ancients. 2. A mean instrument, used by gip- 
sies and vagrants, made of steel wire, in a triangular 
form. 

CYM'BI-FORM, a. Shaped like a boat. 

CS^'ME, or CY'MA, n. [Gr. Kviia.l Literally, a sprout, par- 
ticularly of the cabbage; Teclmically, an aggregate flow- 
er composed of several florets. 

CYIvI'LING, n. A squash, Virginia. 

CYM'O-PHANE, K. [Gr. KVjxa ani (paivm.] A mineral, called 
also chrysoberyL 

CY-MOPH'A-NOUS, a. Having a wavy, floating light; opa- 
lescent ; chatoyant. 

Cf'MOSB, I a. Containing a cyme; in the form of a cyme. 

CY'MOUS, i Martyn. 

(5Y-NAN'€HE, n. [Gr. Kwayxv-'] A disease of the throat, 
attended with inflammation. 

CY-NAN'THRO-PY, n. [Gr. kvwv and avd^ioiro';.'] A kind 
of madness in which men have the qualities of dogs. 

CY-NAR€-TOM'A-eHY, n. [Gr. kvu)v, apKJog, and i^axv-] 
Bear-baiting with a dog. [ji barbarous loord.] Hudibras. 

tCYN-E-6ET'ieS, n. The art of hunting with dogs. 

CYN'I€, \ a. [Gr. kvvlkos.'] Having the qualities of a 

CYN'I-€AL, ^ surly dog; snarling; captious; surly; cur- 
rish ; austere. — Cynic spasm, a kind of convulsion, in 
which the patient imitates the howling of dogs. 



CYN'IG, n. A man of a canine temper j t surly or snaiMng 
man or philosopher ; a follower of Diogenes ; a misan- 
thrope. 

CYN'I-eAL-LY, adv. In a snarling or morose manner. 

CYN'I-SAL-NESS, m. Moroseness; contempt of riches and 
amusements. 

CYN'I€S, n. In ancient history, a sect of philosophers, who 
valued themselves on their contempt of riches, of arts, 
sciences and amusements. 

*CYN'0-SURE, n. [Gr. Kvvoaovpa ] The constellation near 
the north pole, consisting of seven stars. 

Clf'ON. SeeCioN. 

CITHER. See Cipher. 

CY'PRESS, n. [L. cupressus.] 1. A genus of plants or trees. 
2. The emblem of mourning fur the dead, cypress branch- 
es having been anciently used at funerals. 

CYP'RIN, a. Pertaining to tlie fish of the genus CTjprinus 

CY'PRUS, n. A thin, transparent, black stuff". Shale. 

CYR-I-0-LOG'I€, a. [Gr. kv^ws and \oyoi.'\ Relating or 
pertaining to capital letters. 

CYST, or CYS'TIS, n. [Gr. kvctis.] A bag or tunic which 
includes morbid matter in animal bodies. 

CYST'I€, a. Pertaining to a cyst, or contained in a cyst. — 
Cystic oxyd, a name given to a peculiar substance, sup- 
posed to be generated in the bladder, or rather in the 
kidneys. 

CYS'TO-CeLE, 71. [Gr. kvcttis and Kri\n.] A hernia or rup- 
ture formed by the protrusion of the urinary bladder. 

CYS-TOT'0-MY, n. [Gr. Kvarn and te/zvw.] The act or 
practice of opening encysted tumors, for the discharge of 
morbid matter. 

CYT'l-SUS, 71. A shrub or tree. Also, a genus of trees ; 
tree-trefoil. 

CZAR, n. A king ; a chief ; a title of the emperor of 
Russia; pronounced tzar, and so written by good au- 
thors. 

CZAR-1'NA, 71. A title of the empress of Russia. 

CZAR'ISH, a. Pertaining to the czar of Russia. 



D. 



Din the Ensrlish alphabet, is the fourth letter, and the 
J third articulation. 

D is a dental articulation, formed by placing the end of the 
tongue against the gum just above the upper teeth. It is 
nearly allied to T. It has but one sound, as in do, din, 
bad ; and is never quiescent in English words. 

As a 7iMmeraZ, D represents j^t;e /iW7i(ired, and when a dash 
or stroke is placed over it, thus, D, it denotes .^we thousand. 

As an abbreviation, D stands for Doctor ; as, M. D., Doctor of 
Medicine ; D. T., Doctor of Theology, or S. T. D., Doctor 
of Sacred Theology ; D. D., Doctor of Divinity, or dono de- 
dit ; D. D. D., dat, dicat, dedicat ; and D. D. D. D., dignum 
Deo donum dedit. 

DA CA'PO. [It.] In 7reM.sic, these words signify that the first 
part of the tune is to be repeated from the beginning. 

DAB, V. t. [Fr. dauber.] 1. To strike gently with the hand ; 
to slap ; to box. 2. To strike gently with some soft or 
moist substance. 

DAB, n. 1. A gentle blow with the hand. 2. A small lump 
or mass of any thing soft or raoist. 3. Something moist or 
slimy thrown on one. — 4. In laio language, an expert 
man. 5. A small flat fish, of the genus pleuronectes, of a 
dark-brown color. 

DAB'BLE, V. t. [Belgic, dabben, or dabbelen.] Literally, to 
dip a little or often ; hence, to wet ; to moisten ; to spat- 
ter ; to wet by little dips or strokes ; to sprinkle. 

DAB'BLE, V. i. 1. To play in water ; to dip the hands, 
throw water and splash about ; to play in mud and water. 
2. To do any thing in a slight or superficial manner ; to 
tamper ; to touch here and there. 3. To meddle ; to dip 
into a concern 

DAB'BLER, n. 1 One who plays in water or mud. 2. One 
who dips slight./ into any thing ; one who meddles, with- 
out going to the bottom ; a superficial meddler. 

DAB'BLING, ppr. Dipping superficially or often ; playing 
in water, or in mud ; meddling. 

DAB'CHICK, 71. A small water-fowl. Ray. 

DAB'STER, n. One who is skilled ; one who is expert ; a 
master of his business. 

DACE, n. [D. daas.] A fish, the cyprinus leuciscus ; a small 
river fish, resembling the roach. 

DA€'TYL, n. [Gr. SaKrv'Sog.] A poetical foot consisting of 
three syllables, the first long, and the others short. 

DA€'TYL-AR, a. Pertaining to a dactyl ; reducing from 
three to two syllables. 

DA€'TYL-ET, n. A dactyl. Bp. Hall. 

DA€?TYL-I€, a. Pertaining to or consisting of dactyls. 

DAC'TYL-IST, 71 One who writes flowing verse. 



DA€-TYL-0L'0-6Y, n. FGr. SaKrvUi and \oyog.] The 
act or the art of communicating ideas or thoughts by the 
fingers. 

DAD, or DAD'DY, n. [W. tad ; Hln-loo, dada.] Father ; a 
word used by infants, from whom it is taken. 

DAD'DLE, V. i. To walk with tottering, like a child or an 
old man. [Little used.] 

DAD'DLE, 71. A colloquial expression in several parts of 
England for the ha7id. 

DADE, V. t. To hold up by leading strings. [Little used.] 

Da'DO, n. [Ital. a die.] The plain part of a column between 
the base and the cornice ; the die. 

D^'DAL, a. [L. Dwdalus.] 1. Various ; variegated. Spenser. 
2. Skilful. 

DiE-DA'LI-AN. See Dedalian. 

t DAFF, or j DAFFE, n. [Ice. dauf.] A stupid, blockish fel- 
low. Chaucer. 

DAFF, V. t. To daunt. [Local.] Orose. 

DAFF, V. t. To toss aside ; to put off". See Doff. 

DAF'FLE, V. i. To betray loss of memory and mental fac- 
ulty. Brockett. 

DAF'FO-DIL, n. [D. affodille.] A plant of the genus narcis- 
S21S, of several species. Sometimes written daffadil, daffa- 
dilhi, and daffadowndilly. 

DAFT. See Daff. 

t DAG, n. [Fr. dague.] A dagger; a hand-gun ; a pistol. 

t DAG, n. Dew. 

DAG, 71. [Sax. dag.] 1. A loose end, as of locks of wool ; 
called also da^-locks. 2. A leathern latchet. 

t DAG, V. t. 1. To daggle. 2. To cut into slips. 

DAG, V. i. To drizzle. Brockett. 

DAG'GER, 71. [Fr. dague.] 1. A short sword ; a poniard. — 
2. In fencing schools, a blunt blade of iron with a basket 
hilt, used for defense. — 3. With printers, an obelisk, or 
obelus, a mark of reference in the form of a dagger : 
thus, t- 

DAG'GER, V. t. To pierce with a dagger ; to stab. 

DAG'GERS-DRAW'ING, n. The act of drawing daggers ; 
approach to open attack or to violence ; a quarrel. 

DAG'GLE, V. t. To trail in mud or wet grass ; to befoul ; to 
dirty, as the lower end of a garment. 

DAG'GLE, V. i. To run through mud and water. 

DAG'GLED, pp. Dipped or trailed in mud or foul water; 
befouled. 

DAG'GLE-TaIL, a. Having the lower ends of garments 
defiled with mud. 

DAG'GLING, ppr. Drawing along in mud or foul water. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE , BOOK, DO VE ;— RTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J • S as Z • CH as SH TII as in this, f Obsolete. 



DA]VI 



218 



DAM 



DAG'LO€K, fl. A phrase, in many places, for the befouled 
locks of a sheep's tail. 

DAG'-SVyAIN, a. A kind of carpet. Harrison. 

DAG'-TaILED, a. The same as daggl&-tail ; trailed in 
mud. 

DaI'LY, a. [Sax. drnglic.'] Happening or being every day j 
done day by day ; bestowed or enjoj'ed every day. 

DAfLY, adv. Every day ; day by day. 

t DaINT, a. [Fr. dain.'] Delicate ; elegant. Spenser. 

tDAiNT, n. bomething of exquisite taste ; a dainty. 

OaINT'I-LY, adv. 1. Nicely 5 elegantly 5 [not in use.] 
2 Nicely ; fastidiously ; with nice regard to what is well 
tasted. 3. Deliciously. 4. Ceremoniously ; scrupulously, 

DaINT'I-NESS, 71. 1. Delicacy 3 softness ; elegance ; nice- 
ty J [obs.] 2. Delicacy ; deliciousness ; applied to food. 
3. Nicety in taste ; squeamishness ; fastidiousness. 4. 
Ceremoniousness ; scrupulousness ; nice attention to man- 
ners ; [obs.] 

f DaINT'LY, ad. Deliciously. Sackville. 

tDAINT'REL, n. A delicacy. 

DaINT'Y, a. [W.deintiaiz; Scot, dainty.] I.Nice 5 pleas- 
ing to the palate ; of exquisite taste ; delicious. 2. Deli- 
cate 3 of acute sensibility 5 nice in selecting what is tender 
and good 5 squeamish; soft; luxurious. 3. Scrupulous in 
manners; ceremonious. 4. Elegant; tender; soft; pure; 
neat ; effeminately beautiful. 5 Nice ; affectedly fine. 

DAINT'Y, n. 1. Something nice and delicate to the taste; 
that which is exquisitely delicious ; a delicacy. 2. A 
term of fondness ; [not much 2ised.] 

BaVRY, n. 1. Milk, and all that concerns it, on a farm ; or 
the business of managing milk, and of making butter and 
cheese. The whole establishment respecting milk, in a 
family or on a farm. 2. The place, room or house, where 
milk is set for cream, managed, and converted into butter 
or cheese. 3. Milk-farm. 

DAI'RY-HOUSE, or DAI'RY-ROOM, n. A house or room 
appropriated to the management of mUk. 

DaI'RY-MaID, n. A female servant, whose business is to 
manage milk. Addison. 

DaI'SIED, a. Full of daisies ; adorned with daisies. Shak. 

DaI'SY, n. [Sax. dceges-ege.] A plant of the genus bellis, 
of several varieties. 

DA'KER-HEN, n. A fowl of the gallinaceous kind, some- 
what like a partridge or quail. The corn-crake or land- 
rail, a bird of the grallic order of Linne. 

Da'KIR, n. In English statutes, ten hides, or the twentieth 
part of a last of hides. 

DALE, n. [Goth, dalei.] A low place between hills ; a vale 
or valley ; a poetic icord. 

DALLI-ANCE, n. 1. Literally, delay; a lingering; appro- 
priately, acts of fondness ; interchange of caresses ; toying, 
as males and females. 2. Conjugal embraces ; commerce 
of the sexes. 3. Delay ; [ohs.] Shak. 

PAL'LI-ER, n. One who fondles ; a trifler. 

fDAL'LOP, 71. A tuft or clump. Tusser. 

DAL'LY, V. i. [W ddl, or dala.] 1, Literally, to delay ; to 
linger ; to wait. 2. To trifle ; to lose time in idleness and 
trifles ; to amuse one's self with idle play. 3, To toy and 
wanton, as man and woman; to interchange caresses; to 
fondle. 4. To sport; to play. 

DAL'LY, v.t. To delay ; to defer ; to put off; to amuse till 
a proper opportunity. [A''ot much used.] 

DAL LY-ING, ppr. Delaying; procrastinating; trifling; 
wasting time in idle amusement ; toying; fondling. 

DAM, ?i. [from dame.] 1. A femole -paTent; used of beasts, 
particularly of quadrupeds. 2, A human mother, in con- 
tempt. Shak. 3. [Fr. dame.] A crowned man in the 
game of draughts. 

DAM, n. [D. dam ; G. damm.] A mole, bank, or mound of 
earth, or any wall, or a frame of wood, raised to obstruct 
a current of water. 

DAM, V. t. [Sax. demman ; G. dammen.] 1. To make a 
dam, or to stop a stream of water by a bank of earth, or by 
any other work ; to confine or shut in water. 2. To con- 
fine or restrain from escaping ; to shut in. 

DAM'A6E, 71, [Fr. dommage.] 1. Any hurt, injury or 
harm to one's estate ; any loss of property sustained; any 
hinderance to the increase of property ; or any obstruction 
to the success of an enterprise. 2, The value of what is 
lost ; the estimated equivalent for detiiment or injury sus- 
tained. 

DAM'A6E, v. t. [It. danneggiare.] To hurt or harm ; to in- 
jure ; to impair; to lessen the soundness, goodness, or 
value of, 

DAM'AGE, v. i. To receive harm ; to be injured or impair- 
ed in soundness or value, 

DAM'AGE-FEAS'ANT, (dam'aje-fez'ant) a. Doing mjmy ; 
trespassing, as cattle. Blackstonc. 

DAM'AGE-A-BLE, a. 1. That may be injured or impaired ; 
susceptible of damage. 2, Hurtful; pernicious; [rare.] 

DAM' AGED. pp. Hurt; impaired; injured. 

DAI^I'AG-ING, ppr. Injuring; impairing. 

DAM'AS-CeNE, n. [L, damascenu^, from Damascus.] 1. A 
particular kind of plum, now pronounced damson, which 



see. 2. It may be locally applied to other species ot 
plums. 

DAM' ASK, n. [It. dommasco, from Damascus.] 1. A silk 
stuff, having some parts raised above the ground, repre- 
senting flowers and other figiues. 2. A kind of wrought 
linen, made in Flanders, in Imitation of damask silks. 3 
Red color, from the damask-rose. — Damask-steel is a fine 
steel from the Levant, chiefly from Damascus, used for 
sword and cutlas blades. 

DAM' ASK, V. t. 1. To form flowers on stuffs ; also, to va- 
riegate ; to diversify. 2. To adorn steel-work with fig- 
ures. See Damaskeen. 

DAM' ASK- PLUM, n. A small black plum. 

DAM'ASK-ROSE, n. A species of rose which is red, and 
another which is white. 

DAM'AS-KEN, ) v. t. [Fr. damasquiner .] To make in- 

DAM-AS-KEEN', \ cisions in iron, steel, &c., and fill 
them with gold or silver wire, for ornament ; used chiefly 
for adorning sword-blades, guards, locks of pistols, &c. 

DAM-AS-KEEN'ED, pp. Carved into figures, and inlaid 
with gold or silver wire, 

DAM-AS-KEEN'ING, ppr. Engraving and adorning with 
gold or sUver wire inlaid, 

DAM-AS-KEEN'ING, 71, The act or art of beautifying iron 
or steel by engraving and inlaying it with gold or silver 
wire. 

DAM' AS-KIN, n. A sabre, so called from the manufacture 
of Damascus. 

DAME, 71. [Fr. dame.] Literally, a mistress ; hence, a 
lady ; a title of honor to a woman. It is now generally 
applied to the mistress of a family in the common ranks 
of life. In poetry, it is applied to a woman of rank. 

DAME'S'-Vi-O-LET, ) 71. A plant of the genus hesperis ; 

DaME'-WoRT, \ called also queen''s gilly-flower. 

DA'MI-AN-ISTS< In church history, a sect who denied any 
distinction in the Godhead, 

DAMN, (dam) v c. [L, damno ; Fr. damner.] 1. To sentence 
to eternal torments in a future state ; to punish in heU. 
2. To condemn ; to decide to be wrong or worthy of pun- 
ishment ; to censure ; to reprobate. 3. To condemn ; to 
explode ; to decide to be bad, mean or displeasing, by 
hissing, or any mark of disapprobation, 4. A word used 
in profaneness ; a term of execration. 

DAM'NA-BLE, a. 1. That may be damned or condemned ; 
deserving damnation ; worthy of eternal punishment. 
More generally, that which subjects or renders liable to 
damnation. 2, In a low or ludicrous sense, odious, de- 
testable or pernicious. 

DAj\I'NA-BLE-NESS, 71, The state or quality of deserving 
damnation, 

DAM'NA BLY, adv. 1. In a manner to incur eternal pim- 
ishment, or so as to exclude mercy. 2, In a low sense, 
odiously ; detestably ; sometimes, excessively, 

DAM-NA'TION, n. [L. damnatio.] 1. Sentence or con- 
demnation to everlasting punishment in the future state ; 
or the state of eternal torments. 2, Condemnation. 

DAM'NA-TO-RY, a. Containing a sentence of condemna- 
tion, Waterland. 

DAMNED, pp. 1. Sentenced to everlasting punishment in 
a futiure state; condemned, 2, a. Hateful; detestable; 
abominable ; a word chiefly used in profaneness by persons 
of vulgar manners. 

DAM-NIF'I€, a. Procurmg loss ; mischievous, 

DAM'NI-FIED, 2>p. Injured; endamaged, 

DAM'NI-FY, v. t. [L, damnifico.] 1. To cause loss or 
damage to ; to hurt in estate or interest ; to injure ; to en- 
damage. 2, To hurt ; to injure ; to impair. 

DAM'NI-FY-ING, ppr. Hurtmg; injuring; impairing. 

DAM'NING, ppr. 1. Dooming to endless punishment ; con- 
demning. 2. a. That condemns or exposes to damnation. 

DAM'NING-NESS, n. Tendency to bring damnation. 

DAIMP, a. [G. dampf; D. da7np.] 1. Moist; humid; being 
in a state between dry and wet, 2, Dejected ; sunk ; de- 
pressed ; chilled ; [miusual.] 

DAMP, 71. 1, Moist air; humidity; moisture; fog. 2, De- 
jection ; depression of spirits ; chill. 3, Damj^ie; plu. Nox- 
ious exhalations issuing from the earth, and deleterious 
or fatal to anunal life. 

DAMP, V. t. 1, To moisten ; to make humid or moderately 
v/et, 2, To chill ; to deaden ; to depress or deject ; to 
abate. 3, To weaken; to make dull, 4, To check or 
restrain, as action or vigor; to make languid ; to dis- 
courage, 

DAMPED, pp. Chilled ; depressed ; abated ; weakened ; 
checked; discouraged, 

DAMP'ER, n. 1, That which damps or checks ; a valve or 
sliding plate in a furnace to stop or lessen the quantity of 
air admitted, 2, A part of a piano-forte, by which the 
sound is deadened, 

BAMP'ING, ppr. Chilling; deadening ; dejecting ; abating ; 
checking; weakening, 

DAMP'ISH, a. Bloderately damp or moist. 

DAMP'ISH-NESS, 71. A moderate degree of dampness, oi 
moistness ; slight humidity. 



See Synopsis. A 6. i; o, O Y, long. -FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ,— t Obsolete. 



DAN 



2l9 



DAR 



DAMP'NESS, 71. Moisture; fogginesg; moistness ; mode- 
rate humidity. 

DAMPS. See Damp. 

DAMP'Y, a. Dejected ; gloomy. [Little used.] 

DAM'SELj n. [Fr. damoiselle, and demoiselle.'] A young 
woman. Forwxrly, a young man or woman of noble or 
genteel extraction. 

DAM'SON, (dam'zn) n. [contracted from damascene.] The 
fruit of a variety of the prunus domestica ; a small black 
plum. 

fDAN, n. [Sp. don.] A title of honor equivalent to masier. 
Shak. 

DANCE, (dans) v. i. [Ft. danser.] 1. Primarily ^ to leap or 
spring ; hence, to leap or move with measured steps, reg- 
ulated by a tune, sung or played on a musical instru- 
ment ; to leap or step with graceful motions of the body, 
corresponding with the sound of the voice or of an instru- 
ment. 2. To leap and frisk about ; to move nimbly, or up 
and down. — To dance attendance, to wait with obsequi- 
ousness ; to strive to please and gain favor by assiduous 
attentions and officious civilities. 

DANCE, v.t.To make to dance ; to move up and down, or 
back and forth ; to dandle. 

DANCE, n. 1. In a general sense, a leaping and frisking 
about. Appropriately, a leaping or stepping with motions 
of the body adjusted to the measure of a tune, particularly 
by two or more in concert. 2. A tune by which dancing 
is regulated, as the minuet, the waltz, the cotillon, <fec. 

DAN'CER, n. One who practices dancing, or is skilful in 
the performance. 

DAN'CING, ppr. Leaping and stepping to the sound of the 
voice or of an instrument ; moving in measured steps ; 
frisking about. 

DAN'CING-MAS'TER, n. One who teaches the art of dan- 
cing. 

DAN'CING-SCHOOL) n. A school in which the art of dan- 
cing is taught. 

DAN'DE-LT-ON, n. [Fr. dent de Hon.] A well known plant 
of the genus leontodon. 

DAN'DER, V. i. To wander about ; to talk incoherently. 

DAN'DI-PRAT, 71. [Fr. dandin, a. ninny ; It. do7idolone.] A 
little fellow; an urchin ; a loord of fondness or contempt. 
Johnson. 

DAN'DLE, V. t. [G. fdndeln.] 1. To shake or jolt on the 
knee, as an infant ; to move up and down in the hand ; 
literally, to amuse by play. 2. To fondle ; to amuse ; to 
treat as a child ; to toy with. 3. To delay ; to protract by 
trifles; [oIjs.] 

DAN'DLED, pp. Danced on the knee, or in the arms ; fon- 
dled ; amused by trifles or play. 

DAN'DLER, n. One who dandles or fondles children. 

DAN'DLING, ppr. Shaking and jolting on the knee ; mov- 
ing about in play or for amusement, as an infant. 

DAND'RtJFF, n. [qu. Sax. tan and drof.] A scurf which 
forms on the head, and comes off in small scales or parti- 
cles. 

DAN'DY, n. [qu. Scot, dandie. See Dandiprat.] In mod- 
ern usage, a male of the human species, who dresses 
himself like a doll, and who carj'ies his character on his 
back. 

DAN'DY-€0GK, or HEN, n. Bantam fov/ls. 

DAN'DY-ISM, n. The manners and dress of a dandy. 

DANE, 71. A native of Denmark. 

DaNE'GELT, 71. [Dane, and Sax. gelt, geld.] In England, 
an annual tax formerly laid on the EnglisJi nation, for 
maintaining forces to oppose the Danes, or to furnisli trib- 
ute to procure peace. 

DaNE'-WoRT, 71. A plant of the genus sambucus ; a spe- 
cies of elder, called dwarf-elder, or wall--inort. 

DaN'6ER, 71. [Fr., Arm., Scot. (Z(TO^er.] Peril : risk ; haz- 
ard ; exposure to injury, loss, pain or other evil. 

DaN'6ER, v. t. To put in hazard ; to expose to loss or inju- 
ry, [Rarely u^ed.\ Shak. See Endanger. 

DaN'(5ER-LESS, a. Free from danger; without risk. 
[Little used.] Sidney. 

DaN'GER-OUS, a. 1. Perilous; hazardous; exposing to 
loss ; unsafe ; full of risk. 2. Creating danger ; causing 
risk of evil. 

DAN'dER-OUS-LY, adv. With danger ; with risk of evil ; 
with exposure to injury or ruin ; hazardously ; per- 
ilously. 

DaN'6ER-0US-NESS, 71. Danger; hazard; peril; a state 
of being exposed to evil. 

DAN'GLE, TJ. z. [Ban. dingier.] 1. To hang loose, flowing, 
shaking or wavmg ; to hang and swing. " He'd rather 
on a gibbet daiigle." Hadihras. 2. To hang on any one ; 
to be a humble, officious follower. 

DAN'GLER, n. One who dangles or hangs about. 

DAN'GLING, ppr. Hanging loosely ; busily or officiously ad- 
hering to. 

DaN'ISH, a. Belonging to the Danes or Denmark. 

DaN'ISH, n. The language of the Danes. 

DANK, a. [qu. G. tunken.] Damp ; moist ; humid ; wet. 

DANK, n. Moisture ; humidity. Milton. 



DANK'ISH, a. Somewhat damp. 

DANK'ISH-NESS, n. Dampness ; humidity. 

Da'OU-RiTE, n. A mineral, called rubellite. 

DAP, or DAPE, v. i. [Goth, daupyan.] To drop or let fall 

into the water ; a word used by anglers. Walton. 
DA-PAT'I-€AL, a. [L. dapaticus.] Sumptuous in cheer. 

Cockeram. 
DAPH'NATE, n. A compound of the bitter principle of the 

Daphne Alpina with a base. 
DAPH'NIN, n. The bitter principle of the Daphne Jllpina. 
DAP'I-FER, n. [L. dapes and fero.] One who brings meat 

to the table. Formerly, the title or office of the grand- 
master of a king's household. 
DAP'PER, a. [D. dapper.] Active ; nimble ; brisk ; or little 

and active ; neat ; tight ; as, a dapper fellow 
DAP'PER-LING, n. A dwarf; a dandiprat. 
DAP'PLE, a. Marked with spots ; spotted ; variegated with 

spots of different colors or shades of color, as a dapple- 

fray. 
P'PLE, V. t. To spot ; to variegate with spots. 

DAP'PLED, pp. Spotted; variegated with spots of different 
colors or shades of color. 

DAP'PLING, ppr. Variegating with spots. 

DAR, or DART, n. A fish found in the Severn. Bailey. 

fDARD, 71. [Fr. dard.] What throws out, or is cast for- 
ward, as a dart is thrown. 

DARE, V. i. ; pret. durst. [Sax. dearran, durran.] To have 
courage for any purpose; to have strength of mind or 
hardihood to undertake any thing ; to be bold enough ; 
not to be afraid ; to venture ; to be adventurous. 

DARE, V. t. ; pret. and pp. dared. To challenge ; to pro- 
voke ; to defy.— To dare larks, to catch them by means 
of a looking-glass; to terrify or amaze. Dryden. 

t DARE, 71. Defiance ; challenge. Shak. 

DARE, 71. A small fish, the same as the dace. 

Dared, pp. Challenged ; defied. 

t DaRE'FIJL, a. Full of defiance. Shak. 

DaR'ER, 71. One who dares or defies. 

DAR'IC, n. A gold coin of Darius the Mede. 

DaR'ING, ppr. 1. Having courage sufficient for a purpose , 
challenging ; defying. 2. a. Bold ; courageous ; intrepid ; 
fearless ; adventurous ; brave ; stout. 3. Audacious ; hn- 
pudently bold and defying. 

DaR'ING-LY, adv. Boldly ; courageously ; fearlessly ; im- 
pudently. , 

DaR'ING-NESS, 71. Boldness ; courageousness ; audacious- 
ness. 

DARK, a. [Sax. deorc] 1. Destitute of light; obscure. 
9. Wholly or partially black ; having the quality opposite 
to white. 3. Gloomy ; disheartening ; having unfavora- 
ble prospects. 4. Obscure ; not easily understood or 
explained. 5. Mysterious. . 6. Not enlightened with 
knowledge ; destitute of learning and science ; rude ; ig ■ 
norant. 7. Not vivid ; partially black. 8. Blind ; [not in 
use.] Dryden. 9. Gloomy ; not cheerful. 10. Obscure ; 
concealed; secret; not understood. "11. Unclean; foul. 
Milton. 12. Opaque. 13. Keeping designs concealed. 

DARK, 71. [Sans, tareki.] I. Darkness ; obscurity ; the ab- 
sence of light. 2. Obscurity; secrecy; a state unknown 
3. Obscurity ; a state of ignorance. 

f DARK, V. t. To darken ; to obscure. 

DARK'-BROWED, a. Stern of aspect; frowning. 

DARK'EN, (dar'kn) v. t. [Sax. adeorcian.] 1. To make 
dark ; to deprive of light. 2. To obscure ; to cloud. 3. 
To make black. 4. To make dim ; to deprive of vision. 
5. To render gloomy. 6. To deprive of intellectual vis- 
ion ; to render ignorant or stupid. 7. To obscure ; to 
perplex ; to render less clear or intelligible. 8. To render 
less white or clear ; to tan. 9. To sully ; to make foul. 

DARK'EN, v. i. To grow dark or darker ; also, to grow less 
white or clear. 

DARK'ENED, pp. Deprived of light ; obscured ; rendered 
dim ; made black ; made ignorant. 

DARK'EN-ER, n,. That which darkens and confounds 
B. Jonson. 

DARK'EN-ING, 2)pr. Depriving of light; obscuring; mak- 
ing black or less white or clear ; clouding. 

DARK'-HOUSE, n. An old word for a mad-house. Shak. 

DARK'ISH, a. Dusky ; somewhat dark. 

DARK'LING, a. Being in the dark, or without light; a po- 
etical word, Milton. 

DARK'LY, adv. Obscurely ; dimly ; blindly ; uncertainly ; 
with imperfect light, clearness or knowledge. 

DARK'NESS, 71. 1. Absence of light. 2. Obscurity ; want 
of clearness or perspicuity ; that quality or state which 
renders any thing difficult to be understood. 3. A state 
of being intellectually clouded ; ignorance. 4. A private 
place; secrecy; privacy. 5. Infernal gloom; hell. 6 
Great trouble and distress ; calamities ; perplexities. 7. 
Empire of Satan. 8. Opaqueness. — Land of darkness, the 
grave. Job, x. 

DARK'SoME, a. Dark ; gloomy ; obscure. Milton. 

DARK'-W6RK-ING, a. Working in darkness or in secre- 
cy. Shak. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;~BTJLL, UNTTE.^€ as K ; G as J ; S5 as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



DAT 



2S0 



DAY 



DX.R'LING, a. [Sax. deorling.'] Dearly beloved ; favorite ; 
regarded with great kindness and tenderness. 

DaR'LING, n. One much beloved ; a favorite. 

DARJM, V. t. [W, darn; Arm. darn.] To mend a rent or 
hole, by imitating the texture of the cloth or stuff vyith 
yam or thread and a needle ; to sew together with yarn 
or thread. 

DARN, 71. A place mended by darning. 

DAR'NEL, 71. A plant of the genus lolium. 

DARN'ER, 71. One who mends by deirning. 

DARNI€. SeeDoRNic, 

DARN'ING, ppr. Mending in imitation of the original tex- 
ture ; sewing together, as a torn stocking. 

DARN'ING, 71. The act of mending, as a hole in a garment. 

fDAR'RAlN, V. t. [Nonn. dareipier, derener, dereigner, de- 
raiffuer.] To prepare, or to order, or to try j to endeavor ; 
to prove : to apply to the contest. Shak. 

DART, 71. [Fr. dard.] 1. A pointed, missile weapon to be 
thrown by the hand ; a short lance. Dryden. 2. Any 
missile weapon ; that which pierces and wounds. 

DART, V. t. 1. To throw a pointed instrument with a sud- 
den thrust. 2. To throw suddenly or rapidly 5 to send; 
to emit ; to shoot. 

DART, V. i. 1. To fly or shoot, as a dart ; to fly rapidly. 
2. To spring and run with velocity ; to start suddenly and 
run. 

DART'ED, pp. Thrown or hurled as a pointed instrument ; 
sent with velocity. 

DART'ER, n. One who throws a dart. 

DART'ING, ppr. Throwing, as a dai-t; hurling darts; fly- 
ing rapidly. 

DASH, V. t. [Dan. dask.] 1. To strike suddenly or vio- 
lently, whether throwing or falling. 2. To strike and 
bniise or break ; to break by collision ; but usually with 
the words in pieces. 3. To throw water suddenly, in sep- 
arate portions, 4. To bespatter ; to sprinkle. 5. To 
strike and break or disperse. 6. To mix and reduce or 
adulterate by throwing in another substance. 7. To form 
or sketch out in haste, carelessly ; {unusual.'] 8. To 
erase at a strok« ; to strike out ; to blot out or obliterate. 
9. To break ; to destroy ; to frustrate. 10. To confound ; 
to confuse ; to put to shame 3 to abash ; to depress by 
sJiame or fear. 

DASH, V. i. 1. To strike, break, scatter and fly off. 2. To 
rush, strike and break, or scatter. 3. To rush with vio- 
lence, and break through. 

DASH, n. 1. Collision ; a violent striking of two bodies. 
2. Infusion ; admixture ; something thrown into another 
substance. 3. Admixture. 4. A rushing, or onset with 
violence. 5. A sudden stroke ; a blow ; an act. 6, A 
flourish; blustering parade ; [vulgar.] 7. A mark or line 
in writing or printing, noting a break or slop in the sen- 
tence ; as in Virgil, quos ego — ,• or a pause , or the divis- 
ion of the sentence. 

DASHED, ;7j7. Strack violently; driven against; bruised, 
broken or scattered by collision ; besprinkled ; mixed or 
adulterated ; erased, blotted out ; broken ; cast down ; 
confounded ; abashed. 

DASF'ING, ppr. 1. Driving and striking against; striking 
t'l !.i only or violently ; breaking or scattering by collision ; 
}!i:'using; mixing; confounding; blotting out; rushing. 
2. a. Rushing; driving; blustering. 3. a. Precipitate; 
rushing carelessly on. Burke. 

DAS'TARD, 71. [Sax. adastrigan,] A coward ; a poltroon ; 
one who meanly shrinks from danger. 

DAS'TARD, a. Cowardly ; meanly shrinking from danger. 

DAS'TARD, V. t. To make cowardly ; to intimidate ; to 
dispirit. 

DaS'TARD-iZE, v. t. To make cowardly. Hoicell. 

DAS'TARD-LI-NESS, n. Cowardliness. Barrett. 

DAS'TARD-LY, a. Cowardly ; meanly timid ; base. 

DAS'TARD-NESS, 71. Cowardliness; mean timorousness. 

DAS'TARD-Y, n. Cowardliness ; base timidity. 

Da'TA, n. plu, [L. data.] Things given, or admitted ; 
quantities, principles or facts given, known, or admitted, 
by which to find things or results unknown. 

Da'TA- RY, n. 1. An officer of the chancery of Rome, 
who affixes the datum Romm to the pope's bulls. 2. The 
employment of a datary. 

DATE, 71. [Yt. date ; It., Sp. data.] 1. That addition to a 
writing which specifies the year, month and day when 
it was given or executed. 2. The time when any event 
happened, when any thing was transacted, or when any 
thing is to be done. 3. End; conclusion; [unusual.] 4. 
Duration; continuance. 

BATE, V. t. 1. To write or note the time when a letter is 
written, or a writing executed ; to express, in an instru- 
ment, the year, month and day of its execution, and usu- 
ally the place. 2. To note or fix the time of an event or 
transaction. 3. To note the time when something be- 
gins. 

DATE, V. i. 1. To reckon. 2. To begin ; to have origin. 

DATE, n. [Fr. datte.] The fruit oif the great palm-tree, or 
date-tree, the phasnix dactylifcra. 



DaTE'-TREE, n. The tree that bears dates; the great 
palm-tree. 

DaT'ED, pp. Having the time of writing or execution 
specified ; having the time of happening noted. 

DaTE'LESS, a. Having no date ; having no fixed term. 

DaT'ER, 71. One that dates. 

DaT'ING, ppr. Expressing the time of writing or of execut- 
ing a paper or instrument ; noting the time of happening, 
or originating. 

Da'TIVE, a. [li. dativus.] In ^awiTrear, the epitliet of the 
case of nouns which usually follows verbs that express 
giving, or some act directed to an object. — Dative execu- 
tor, in law, one appointed by the judge of probate ; an ad- 
ministrator. 

DAT'O-LiTE, ) 71. The sHieeous borate of lime, a mineral 

DATH'O-LlTE, I of two subspecies. 

Da'TUM, n. [L.] Something given or admitted. See Data, 

DA-Tu'RA, n. A vegeto-alkali obtained from datura stra- 
monium. 

DAUB, V. t. [W. dwbiaw.] I. To smear with soft, adhe- 
sive matter; to plaster; to cover with mud, slime, or 
other soft substance. 2. To paint coarsely. 3. To cover 
with something gross or specious ; to disguise with an 
artificial covering. 4. To lay or put on without taste ; to 
deck awkwardly or ostentatiously, or to load with affect- 
ed finery. 5. To flatter grossly. 

DAUB, V, i. To practice gross flattery ; to play the hypocrite. 

DAUB, 71. Coarse painting. Delany. 

DAUBED, pp. Smeared with soft, adhesive matter; plas- 
tered ; painted coarsely ; disguised ; loaded with ill- 
chosen finery. 

DAUB'ER, n. One who daubs ; a coarse painter ; a low and 
gross flatterer. 

DAUB'ING, ppr. Plastering ; painting coarsely ; disguising 
clumsily; decking ostentatiously ; flattering grossly. 

DAUB'ING, n. Plastering ; coarse painting ; gross flattery. 

DAUB'RY, or DAUB'ER- Y, n. A daubing ; any thing art- 
ful. Shak. 

DAUB'Y, a. Viscous ; glutinous ; slimy ; adhesive. 

DAUGHTER, (daw'ter) n. [Sax. dohter ; D. dogter;G. 
tochter.] 1. The female offspring of a man or woman ; a 
female child of any age. 2. A daughter-in-law ; a son's 
wife. 3. A woman ; plu. female inhabitants. 4. A fe- 
male descendant ; lineage of females. 5. The female 
penitent of a confessor. — This word is used in Scripture 
for the inhabitants of a city or country, male and female 
/6-. xvi. 2. 

DAUGH'TER-LI-NESS, n. 1. The state of a daughter. 2. 
The conduct becoming a daughter. 

DAUGH'TER-LY, a. Becoming a daughter ; dutiful. 

* DAUNT, (dant) v. t. [In Scot, dant, danton.] To repress 
or subdue courage ; to intimidate ; to dishearten ; to check 
by fear of danger. 

*DAUNT'ED, pp. Checked by fear ; intimidated. 

* DAUNT'ING, ppr. Repressing courage ; intimidating ; dis- 
heartening. 

* DAUNT'LESS, a. Bold ; fearless ; intrepid ; not timid ; 

not discouraged. 

*DAUNT'LESS-NESS, 71. Fearlessness; intrepidity. 

DAU'PHIN, 71. [Fr. dauphin ; L. delphin, delphinus.] The 
eldest son of the king of France, and presumptive heir of 
the crown. 

DAU'PHIN-ESS, 71. The wife or lady of the dauphin. 

DAV'ER, V. t. 1. To stun ; to stupify. Brockett. 2. To fade 
like a flower. Grose. 

Da'VID-ISTS, I n. A sect, so called from David 

DA'VID-GEOR'GIANS, ) George, who flourished in the 
sixteenth century. Pagitt. 

DAVINA, 71. A Vesuvian mineral of a hexahedral form. 

DAVIT, 71. A beam used on board of ships. 

DAW, 71. A word that is found in the compound names of 
many species of birds. 

fDAW, V. i. To dawn. See Dawn. 

DAW. v. i. To thrive ; to mend ; to recover health. Orose 

t DAW'DLE, v. i. To waste time ; to trifle. 

t DAWDLER, 71. A trifler. 

DAW'ISH, a. Like a daw. Bale. 

DAWK, 71. A hollow, rupture or incision in timber. [Local.} 

DAWK, V. t. To cut or mark with an incision. 

DAWN, V. i. [Sax. dagian.] 1. To begin to grow light in the 
morning ; to grow light. 2. To begin to open or expand ; 
to begin to show intellectual light, or knowledge. 3. To 
glimmer obscurely. 4. To begin to open or appear. 

DAWN, 7?. 1, The break of day ; the first appearance of 
light in the morning. 2. First opening or expansion ; first 
appearance of intellectual light. 3. Beginning ; rise ; first 
appearance. 4. A feeble or incipient light ; first beams. 

DAWN'ING, ppr. 1. Growing light ; first appearing lumi- 
nous; opening. 2. Opening; expanding; beginning to 
show intellectual light ; beginning. 

DAWN'ING, 71. 1. The first appearance of light in the morn- 
ing. 2. The first opening or appearance of the intellect- 
ual powers ; beginning. 

DAY, n. [Sax. dizg, deg, dag ; Goth, dags ; D. dag.] 1 



* See Synopsis, a, K, T, 5, tj, Y, long.—FKU, FALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PTN, MARfNE, BIRD ; f Obsolete. 



DEA 



221 



DEA 



That part of the time of the earth's revolution on its axis, 
in which its surface is presented to tlie sun ; the part of 
tlie twenty-four hours when it is light ; or the space of 
time between the rising and setting of the sun ; called the 
artificial day. 2. The whole time or period of one revo- 
lution of the earth on its axis, or twenty-four hours ; called 
tlie natural day. In this sense, the day may commence 
at any period of the revolution. The Babylonians began 
the day at sun-rising ; the Jews at sun-setting ; the Egyp- 
tians at midnight, as do several nations in modern times, 
the British, French, Spanisli, Americans, See. This day, 
in reference to civil transactions, is called the civil day. 
Thus, with us, the day when a legal instrument is dated 
begins and ends at midnight. 3. Light ; sunshine. 4. 
Time specified ; any period of time distinguished from 
other time ; age ; time, with reference to the existence of 
a person or thing. 5. The contest of a day ; battle •, or 
day of combat. 6. An appointed or fixed time. 7. Time 
of commemorating an event ; anniversary ; the same day 
of the month, in any future year. — Day by day, daily ; 
every day ; each day in succession ; continually ; witli- 
out intermission of a day. — But or only f rum day to day, 
without certainty of continuance; temporarily. Shak.— 
To-day, adv. [Sax. to-dcBg.] On the present day ; this day ; 
or at the present time. — Days of grace, in theology, the 
time when mercy is offered to sinners. — Days of grace, 
in law, are days granted by the court for delay, at the 
prayer of the plaintiff or defendant.— Da?/*^ of grace, in 
commerce, a customary number of days, (in Great Britain 
and America three) allowed for the payment of a note or 
bill of exchange, after it becomes due. 

DaY'BED, n. A bed used for idleness, indulgence, or rest, 
during the day. Shak. 

DaY'-BOOK, n. A journal of accounts ; a book in which are 
recorded* the debts and credits or accounts of the day. 

DaY'BREaK, n. I'he dawn or first appearance of light in 
the morning. 

DaY'CoAL, n. The upper stratum of coal. 

DaY'DReAM, n. A vision to tlie waking senses. Dryden. 

DaY'PLOW-ER, n. A genus of plants, the commelina. 

DaY'FL'?, n. A genus of insects that live one day only, or 
a very short time, called ephemera, 

DaY'La-BOR, n. Labor hired or performed by the day. 

DaY-La'BOR-ER, n. One who works by the day. 

DaY'LiGHT, n. The light of the day ; the light of the sun, 
as opposed to that of the moon, or of a lamp or candle. 

DaY'-LIL-Y, n. The same with asphodel. 

DaY'LY, a. Tlie more regular orthography of daily. 

DaYS'MAN, n. An umpire or arbiter ; a mediator. 

DaY'SPRING, n. The dawn ; the beginning of tlie day, or 
first appearance of light. 

DaY'STAR, n. The morning star, Lucifer, Venus ; the star 
which precedes the morning light. 

DaY'TiME, n. The time of the sun's light on the earth. 

DaY'WeA-RIED, a. Wearied with the labor of the day. 

DaY'-W5M-AN, n. A dairy-maid. Slmk. 

DaY'WoRK, n. Work by the day ,: daylabor. 

DaY'S'-WoRK, n. The work of one day. — Among seamen, 
the account or reckoning of a ship's course for 24 hours, 
from noon to noon. 

DAZE, V. t. [qu. Sax. dioces, dysi, dysig.] To overpower 
with light ; to dim or blind by too strong a light, or to ren- 
der tlie sight unsteady. [JV1»i now used, unless in poetry. "l 
Dryden. 

DAZE, n. Among miners, a glittering stone. 

DAZ'ZLE, V. t. 1. To overpower with light ; to hinder dis 
tinct vision by intense light ; or to cause to shake ; to ren- 
der unsteady, as the sight. 2. To strike or surprise with 
a bright or intense light ; to dim or blind by a glare of 
light, or by splendor, hi a literal or figurative sense. 

DAZ'ZLE, v. i. To be overpowered by light ; to shake or 
be unsteady ; to waver, as the sight. Dryden. 

DAZ'ZLED, pp. Made wavering, as the sight ; overpower- 
ed or dimmed by a too strong light. 

t DAZ'ZLE-MENT, n. The act or power of dazzling. 

DAZ'ZLING, ppr. Rendering unsteady or waverhig, as the 
sight ; overpowering by a strong light ; striking with 
splendor. 

DAZ'ZLING-LY, adv. In a dazzling manner. 

DE, a Latin prefix, denotes a moving from, separation ; as 
in debark, decline, decease, deduct, decamp. Hence it often 
expresses a negative ; as in derange. Sometimes it aug- 
ments the sense, as in deprave, despoil. 

DEx\'€ON, (de'kn) n. [L. diaconus.\ 1. A person in the 
lowest degree of holy orders, 2. In Scotland, an over- 
seer of the poor, and the master of an incorporated com- 
pany. 

DeA'€ON-ESS, (de'kn-ess) n. A female deacon in the 
j^rimitive church. 

DeA'€ON-RY, > n. The office, dignity or ministry of a 

DeA'€ON-SHIP, \ deacon or deaconess. 

DEAD, (ded) a. [Sax. dead.'] 1. Deprived or destitute of 
life. 2. Having never had life, or having been deprived 
of vital action before birth. 3. Without life ; inanimate. 



4. Without vegetable life. 5. Imitating deatu ; deep ot 
sound. 6. Perfectly still ; motionless as death. 7. Emp- 
ty ; vacarrt ; not enlivened by variety. 8. Unemployed ; 
useless ; unprofitable. 9, Dull ; inactive. 10 Dull ; 
gloomy ; still ; not enlivened. 11. Still ; deep ; obscure 
12. Dull ; not lively ; not resembling life. 13. Dull ; 
heavy. 14. Dull ; frigid ; lifeless ; cold ; not animated ; 
not affecting. 15. Tasteless ; vapid ; spiritless. 16. Unin- 
habited. 17. Dull ; without natural force or efficacy ; not 
lively or brisk. 18. In a state of spiritual death ; void ot 
grace ; lying under the power of sin. 19. Impotent ; una- 
ble to procreate, Rom. iv. 20. Decayed in grace. 21. 
Not proceeding from spiritual life ; not producing good 
works. 22. Proceeding from corrupt nature, not from 
spiritual life or a gracious prmciple. — 23. In law, cut off 
from the rights of a citizen ; deprived of the power of en- 
joying the rights of property. — Dead language, a language 
which is no longer spoken or in common use by a people, 
and known only in writings ; as the Hebrew, Greek and 
Latin. — Dead rising, or rising line, the parts of a ship's 
floor or bottom throughout her length, where the fluoi 
timber is terminated on the lower futtock. 
DEAD, (ded) n. 1. The dead signifies dead men. 2. The 

state of the dead ; or death. 
DEAD, (ded) n. The time when there is a remarkable still- 
ness or gloom ; depth ; as in the midst of winter or of 
night. 
jDEADj (ded) v. i. To lose life or force. Bacon. 
f DEAD, (ded) v. t. To deprive of life, force or vigor. Ba- 
con. 
t DEAD'-DO-ING, a. Destructive ; killing. Spenser. 
DEAD'-DRUNK, a. So drunk as to be incapable of help- 
ing one's self. 
DEAD'EN, (ded'dn) v. t. [D. dooden.] 1. To deprive of 
a portion of vigor, force or sensation ; to abate vigor or 
action. 2. To blunt ; to render less susceptible or feeling. 
3. To reiard ; to lessen velocity or motion. 4. To dimin- 
ish spirit ; to make vapid or spiritless. 
DEAD'-E"?E, (ded'i) n. [dead man's eye.] Among seamen, 
a round, flattish, wooden block, encircled by a rope, or an 
iron band, and pierced with holes, to receive the laniard. 
DEAD'-HEART-ED, a. Having a dull, faint heart. 
DEAD'-HEART'ED-NEfeS, n. Pusillanimity. 
DEAD'ISH, a Resembling what is dead ; dull. 
DEAD'-KILL^ING, a. Instantly killing. Shak. 
DEAD'-LIFT, n. A heavy weight ; a hopeless exigency. 
DEAD'-LlGHT, (ded'llle) n. A strong wooden port, n", :J8 
to suit a cabin window, in which it is fixed, to prevent 
the water from entering a ship in a storm. 
DEAD'LI-HOOD, n. The state of the dead. Pearson. 
DEAD'LI-NESS, (ded'li-nes) n. The quality of being 

deadly. 
DEADLY, (ded'ly) a. 1. That may occasion death ; mortal , 
fatal ; destructive. 2. Mortal ; implacable ; aiming to kiil 
or destroy. 
DEAD'LY, (ded'ly) adv. 1. In a manner resembling death. 
2. Mortally. 3. Implacably ; destructively. 4. In a vul- 
o-ff.r or ludicrous sense, very ; extremely. 
DEAD'LY-€AR'ROT, n. A plant of the genus thapsia. 
DEAD'LY-NlGHT'SHADE, n. A plant of the genus at- 

ropa. 
DEAD'NESS, (ded'nes) n. 1. Want of natural life or vital 
power, in an animal or plant. 2. Want of animation , 
dullness ; languor. 3. Want of warmth or ardor ; cold- 
ness ; frigidity. 4. Vapidness ; want of spirit. 5. State 
of being incapable of conception, according to the ordi- 
nary laws of nature. 6. Indifference ; mortification of the 
natural desires ; alienation of heart from temporal pleas- 
ures. 
DEAD'NET-TLE, n. A plant of the genus lamium, and 

another of the genus galeopsis. ■* 

DEAD'PLEDGE, n. A mortgage or pawning of thmgs, or 

thing pawned. Bailey. 
DEAD'-RE€K'ON-ING, n. In navigation, the judgment or 
estimation of the place of a ship, without any observation 
of the heavenly bodies ; or an account of the distance she 
has run by the log, and of the course steered by the com- 
pass, and this rectified by due allowances for drift, lee- 
way, &c. 
DEAD'STRU€K, a. Confounded ; struck with horror. 
DEAD'WA-TER, n. The eddy water closing in with a 

ship's stern, as she passes through the water. 
DEAD'WOOD, n. Blocks of timber laid on the keel of a 

ship, particularly at the extremities, 
DEAD'WoRKS, n. The parts of a ship which are above the 
surface of the water, when she is balanced for a voyage. 
*DeAF, (deef) a. [Sax. deaf; Ice. dauf; B. doof. This 
word is generally pronounced, in this country, so as to 
rhyme with leaf, sheaf, &c., according to the uniform anal- 
ogy of words of this kind. Sucli was the pronunciation 
in England, as late, at least, as the time of Temple and 
Prior ; since which def has been introduced, which is the 
Danish and Swedish pronunciation. J I. Not perceiv- 
ing sounds ; not receiving impressions from sonorous 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOKj DOVE ;~B;JLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J : S as Z 3 CH as SH • TH as in this, t Obsolete 



DEA 



222 



DEB 



bodies through the au". 2. Wanting the sense of hearing ; 
having organs which do not perceive sounds. — 3. In a met- 
aphorical sense, not listening ; not regarding ; not moved, 
persuaded or convinced ; rejecting. 4. Without the abil- 
ity or will to regard spiritual things ; unconcerned. 5. 
Deprived of the power of hearing; deafened. 6. Stifled; 
imperfect ; obscurely heard. 

* DEAF, V. U To deafen Dryden. 

DEAFE'LY, a. Lonely ; solitary ; far from neighbors. 

*DkAF'EN, (deeffu) v t. 1. To make deaf; to deprive of 
the power of hearing ; to impair the organs of hearing, so 
as to render them unimpressible to sounds. 2. To stun ; 
lo_render incapable of perceiving sounds distinctly. 

* DeAF'LY, (deef ly) adv. Without sense of sounds ; ob- 
scjirely heard. 

*DeAF'NESS, (deef'nes) n. 1. Incapacity of perceiving 
sounds ; the state of the organs which prevents the im- 
pressions which constitute hearing. 2. Unwillingness to 
hear and regard ; voluntary rejection of what is addressed 
to the ear and to the understanding. 

Deal, v. t.; pret. and pp. dealt, pron. delt. [Sax. dmlan, 
bediBlan, gedalan.] 1. To divide ; to part ; to separate ; 
hence, to divide in portions ; to distribute. 2. To scatter; 
to throw about. 3. To throw out in succession ; to give 
one after another. 4. To distribute the cards of a pack to 
tiie players. 

Deal, v. i. 1. To traffick ; to trade ; to negotiate. 2. To 
act between man and man ; to intervene ; to transact or 
iiegotiate between men. 3. To behave well or ill ; to act ; 
to conduct one's self in relation to others. 4. To distrib- 
ute cards. 

To deal by. To treat, either well or ill.— To (^eaHra. 1. To 
have to do with ; to be engaged, in ; to practice. 2. To 
trade in. — To deal with. 1. To treat in any liaanner ; to - 
use well or HI. 2. To contend with ; to treat with, by 
way of opposition, check or correction. 3. fo treat with 
by way of discipline, in ecclesiastical affairs ; to admon- 
i_sh. .y^y^-s>- 

Deal, n. [Sax. dml, dal, gedal'.]'^!. Literally, a division ; 
a part or portion : hence, an indefinite quantity, degree or 
extent. 2. The division or distribution of cards ; the art 
or practice of dealing cards. 3. The division of a piece 
of timber made by sawing ; a board or plank. 

DE-AL'BATE, v. t. [L. dealbo.] To whiten. [Little used.] 

DE-AL-Ba'TION, w. The act of bleaching; a whitening. 

DeAL'ER, n. 1. One who deals ; one who has to do with 
any thing, or has concern with. 2. A trader ; a traffick- 
er ; a shopkeeper ; a broker ; a merchant ; a word of very 
extensive use. 3. One who distributes cards to the play- 
ers. 

DeAL'ING, pjjr. 1. Dividing; distributing; throwing out. 
2. Trading ; trafficking ; negotiating. 3. Treating ; be- 
having. 

DeAL'ING, n. 1. Practice ; action ; conduct ; behavior. 
2. Conduct in relation to otiiers; treatment. 3. Inter- 
course in buying and selling ; traffick ; business ; nego- 
tiation. 4. Intercourse of business or friendship ; con- 
cern. 

t DE-AM'BU-LATE, v. i. [L. deambulo.] To walk abroad. 

DE-AM-BU-La'TION, n. The act of walking abroad. 
Ehjot. 

DE-AM'BU-LA-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to walks. 

DE-AM'BU-LA-TO-RY, n. A place to walk in. 

DeAN, n. [Fr. doyen ; Arm. dean ; Sp. dean, decano.] I. 
In England, an ecclesiastical dignitary in cathedral and 
collegiate churches, and the head of a chapter ; the sec- 
ond dignitary of a diocese. 2. An officer in each college 
of the universities in England. — 3. In the United States, 
an officer in a medical school. 

DeAN'ER-Y, n. 1. The office or the revenue of a dean. 2. 
The house of a dean. Shak. 3. The jurisdiction of a 
dean. — Dean and chapter are the bishop's council, to aid 
him with their advice in affairs of religion, and in the 
temporal concerns of his see. 

DeAN'SHIP, n. The office of a dean. 

Dear, a. [Sax. deor.] 1. Scarce; not plentiful; [obs.] 
Shak. 2. Bearing a high price in comparison of the usual 
price ; more costly than usual ; of a higher price than the 
customary one. 3. Of a high value in estimation ; great- 
'y^ valued ; beloved ; precious. 

Dear, a. [Sax. derian.] Hurtful ; grievous ; hateful. 
Shak. 

IDeAR, v. t. To make dear. Shelton. 

DEAR, n. A darling ; a word denoting tender affection or 
endearment ; as, my dear. 

DeAR'BOUGHT, a. Purchased at a high price. 

DeAR'LING. See Darling. 

DeAR'LoVED, a. Greatly beloved. Shak. 

DEAR'LY, adv. 1. At a high price. 2. With great fond- 
ness. 

jDEARN, a. [Sax. deorn.] Lonely; solitary; melancholy. 
Shak. 

DeAR'NESS, %. 1. Scaicity; high price, or a higher price 
than the customary one. 2. Fondness ; nearness to the 



heart or affections ; great value in estimation ; precious- 
ness ; tender love. 

t DEARN'LY, adv. Secretly ; privately. See Dernlt. 

DEARTH, (derth) n. 1. Scarcity. 2. Want; need ; famine 
3. Barrenness; sterility. \ 

fDE-AR-Tie'U-LATE, v. t. To disjoint. 

DEATH, (deth) n. [Sax. death.] 1. That state of a being, 
aniniEJ or vegetable, but more particularly of an animal, 
in which there is a total and permanent cessation of all 
the vital functions, when the organs have not only ceas 
ed to act, but have lost the susceptibility of renewed action 
2. The state of the dead. 3. The manner of dying. 4 
Tlie image of mortality represented by a skeleton. 5 
Murder. 6. Cause of death. 7. Destroyer or agent of 
death.— 8. In poetry, the means or instrument of death. 
— 9. In theology, perpetual separation from God, and eter- 
nal torments ; called the second death. Rev. ii. 10. Sep- 
aration or alienation of the soul from God ; a being under 
the dominion of sin, and destitute of grace or divine life; 
called spiritual death. — Civil death is the separation of u 
man from civil society, or from the enjoyment ef civil 
rights ; as by banishment. 

DEATH'-BED, (deth'bed) n. The bed on which a person 
dies, or is confined in his last sickness. 

DEATH'-BoD-ING, a. Portending death. Shak. 

DEATH'-DART-ING, a. Darthig or inflicting death. 

DEATH'S'-DoOR, 71. A near approach to death ; the gates 
of death. Taylor. 

DEATH'FUL, a. Full of slaughter ; murderous ; destruc- 
tive. 

DEATH'FUL-NESS, n. Appeai-ance of death. Taylor. 

DEATH'LESS, a. Immortal ; not subject to death, destruc 
tion or extinction. 

DEATH'LiKE, a. 1. Resembling death ; gloomy ; still , 
calm ; quiet ; peaceful ; motionless ; like death in horror 
or in stillness. 2. Resembling death ; cadaverous. 

DEATH'S'-MAN, n. An executioner ; a hangman. 

DEATH'-SHAD-OWED, a. Surrounded by the shades of 
death. More. 

DEATH'-To-KEN, n. That which indicates approachijig 
death. Shak. 

DEATH'WARD, adv.. Toward death. Bcanmont. 

DEATH'-WATCH, n. A small insect whose ticking is 
weakly supposed to prognosticate death. 

DE-AU'RATE, v. t. [L. deauro.] To gild ^Little used.] 

DE.AU'RATF,a Gilded. 

fDE-AU-RA'TION, n. The act of gilding. 

tDE-BA€'€HATE, v.i. [Ij. debacchor.] To rage or roai 
after the manner of drunkards. Cockeram. 

t DE-BA€-€Ha'TI0N, n. A raging ; a madness, 

DE-BA€'LE, n. [Fr.] A breaking or bursting forth. 

DE-BAR', V. t. To cut off from entrance ; to preclude , to 
hinder from approach, entry or enjoyment ; to shut out 
or exclude. 

t DE-BARB', V. t. To deprive of the beard. 

DE-BARK', V. t. [Fr. debarquer.] To land from a ship or 
boat ; to remove from on board any water-craft, and place 
on land; to disembark. [It is less used than disem- 
bark.] 

DE-BARK', V. i. To leave a ship or boat and pass to the 
land. 

DE-BAR-Ka'TION, n. The act of disembarking. 

DE-BARK'ED, (de-barkf) pp. Removed to land from on 
board a ship or boat. 

DE-BARK'ING, ppr. Renr.oving from a ship to the land ; 
going from on board a vessel. 

DE-BAR'RED, (de-bard') pp. Hindered from approach, en- 
trance or possession. 

DE-BAR'RING, ppr. Preventing from approach, entrance 
or enjoyment. 

DE-BaSE', v.t. 1. To reduce from a higher to a lower 
state or rank, in estimation. 2. To reduce or lower in 
quality, purity, or value ; to adulterate. 3. To lower or 
degrade ; to make mean or despicable. 4. To sink in 
purity or elegance ; to vitiate by meanness. 

DE-BaS'ED, (de-baste') pp. Reduced in estimated rank • 
lowered in estimation ; reduced in purity, fineness, qual- 
ity or value ; adulterated ; degraded ; rendered mean. 

DE-BaSE'MENT, n. The act of debasing ; degradation ; 
reduction of purity, fineness, quality or value ; adultera- 
tion ; a state of being debased. 

DE-BaS'ER, n. One who debases or lowers in estimation, 
or in value ; one who degrades or renders mean ; thai 
which debases. 

DE-BaS'ING, p;pr. I. Reducing in estimation or worth; 
adulterating ; reducing in purity or elegance ; degrading ; 
rendering mean. 2. a. Lowering ; tending to debase or 
degrade. 

DE-BaT'A-BLE, a. That may be debated; disputable; 
subject to controversy or contention. 

DE-BaTE', n. [Fr. debat.] 1. Contejition in words or argu- 
ments ; discussion for elucidating truth ; strife in argu- 
ment or reasoning, between persons of different opinions ; 
dispute ; controversy. 2. Strife ; contention. 3. The 



♦ See Synopsis. A, E, I, o, V, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— j Obsolete 



DEB 



223 



DEC 



power of being disputed. — 4. Debate or debates, the pub- 
lished report of arguments for and against a meaisure. 

D£-BaTE'j v. t. [Fr. debattre.] To contend for in words or 
arguments ; to strive to maintain a cause by reasoning ; to 
dispute ; to discuss 3 to argue ; to contest, as opposing 
parties. 

DE-BaTE', v. i. 1. To debate on or in, to deliberate ; to dis- 
cuss or examine different arguments in the mind. 2. To 
dispute. 3. To engage in combat ; [not in iise.] 

DE-BaT'ED, pp. Disputed ; argued ; discussed. 

DE-BaTE'FUL, a. 1. Of things, contested ; occasioning 
contention'.' Spenser. 2. Of persons, quarrelsome ; con- 
tentious. [Little used.] 

DE-BaTE'FUL-LY, adv. With contention. Sherwood. 

DE-BaTE'MENT, n. Controversy ; deliberation. [Little 
used.] Shak. 

DE-BaT'ER, n. One w^ho debates j a disputant ; a contro- 
vertist. 

DE-BaT'ING, ppr. Disputing ; discussing j contending by 
arguments. 

DE-BAUCH', v. t. [Fr. debaucher.] 1. To corrupt or vitiate. 
2. To corrupt with lewdness. 3. To seduce from duty 
or allegiance. 

DE-BAUCH', n. [Fr. debanche.} Excess in eating or drink- 
ing V intemperance ; drunkenness; gluttony; lewdness. 

DE-BAUCH'ED, (de-bauchf) pp. Corrupted; vitiated in 
morals or purity of character. 

DE-BAUCH'ED-LY, adv. In a profligate manner. 

DE-BAUC_H'ED-NESS, 71. Intemperance. Bp. Hall. 

DEB-AU-CHEE', n. A man given to intemperance, or 
bacchanalian excesses. But chiefly, a man habitually 
lewd. 

DE-BAUCH'ER, n. One who debauches or corrupts others ; 
a se'ducer to lewdness, or to any dereliction of duty. 

DE-BAUCH'ER-Y, 71. 1. Excess in the pleasures of the Ca- 
ble •" gluttony ; intemperance. But chiefly, habitual lewd- 
ness ; excessive unlawful indulgence of lust. 2. Corrup- 
tion of fidelity ; seduction from duty or allegiance. 

DE-BAUCH'MENT, n. The act of debauching or corrupt- 
ing';" the act of seducing from virtue or duty. 

DE-BAUCH'NESS, \ p„„„™ 

de-baucht'Ness, \ "• -«^^<^ess- 

{ glllELATE, ( ^- *• CL- '^^^^""•J To subdue. 

t DE-BEL-La'TION, 71. The act of conquering or subdu- 
ing. 

DE-BENT'URE, n. [Fr ] 1 A writing acknowledging a 
debt ; a writing or certificate signed by a public officer, as 
evidence of a debt due to some person.— 2. In the ciz-s- 
toms, a certificate of drawback ; a writing which states 
that a person is entitled to a certain sum from the govern- 
ment, on the exportation of specified goods, the duties on 
which had been paid. 

DE-BENT'URED, a. Debentnred goods are those for v/hich 
a debenture has been given, as being entitled to draw- 
back. 

DEB'iLE, a. [L. debilis ; Fr. debile.] Relaxed ; weak ; fee- 
ble ; languid ; faint ; without strength. Shak. 

DE-BIL'I-TATE, v. t. [L. debilito.] To weaken ; to impair 
the strength of; to enfeeble ; to make faint or languid. 

DE-BIL'I-TA-TED, 2>i?. Weakened; enfeebled; relaxed. 

DE-BIL'I-TA-TING, ppr. Weakening ; enfeebling ; im- 
pairing strength. 

DE-BIL-I-Ta'TION, n. The act of weakening ; relaxa- 
tion. 

DE-BIL'I-TY, n. [L. debilitas.] Relaxation of the solids ; 
weakness ; feebleness ; languor of body ; faintness ; im- 
becility. 

DEB'IT, n. [L. debitum.] Debt. It is usually written debt. 
But it is used in mercantile language ; as, the debit side of 
an account. 

DEB'IT, V. t. 1. To charge with debt. 2. To enter an ac- 
count on the debtor side of a book. 

DEB'IT-ED, ;}77. 1. Charged in debt; made debtor on ac- 
count. 2. Charged to one's debt, as money or goods. 

DEB'IT-ING, ppr. 1. Making debtor on account, as a per- 
son. 2. Charging to the debt of a person, as goods. 

DEB'IT-OR, 71. A debtor. Shak. 

DEB-ON-NaIR', a. [Fr.] Civil; well-bred; complaisant; 
elegant. Milton. 

+ DEB-ON NaIR'I-TY, n. Graciousness ; gentleness ; ele- 
gance of manners. Donne. 

t DEB-ON-NaIR'LY, adv. Elegantly ; with a genteel air. 

JDEB-ON-NaIR'NESS, 72. Civility ; complaisance. Sterne. 

DE-B5UCH', V. i. [Fr. deboucher.] To issue or march out 
of a narrow place, or from defiles, as troops. 

DE-BRIS', (de-bree') 7!. [Fr.] Fragments; rubbish; ruins; 
applied particularly to the fragments of rocks. 

DEBT, (det) n. [L. debitum.] 1. That which is due from 
one person to another, whether money, goods, or ser- 
vices ; that which one person is bound to pay or perform 
to another. 2. That which any one is obliged to do or to 



sufier— 3. In law, an action to recover a debt. — 4. In 
Scripture, sin ; trespass ; guilt ; crime ; that which ren- 
ders liable to punishment. 

fDEBT'ED, (det'ted)^?;). Indebted; obliged to. Shak. 

DEBT-EE', (det-tee') n. A creditor ; one to whom a debt is 
due. Blackstone. 

DEBT'LESS, (defies) a. Free from debt. Chaucer. 

DEBT'OR, (det'tor) n. [L. debitor.] 1. The person who 
owes another either money, goods or services. 2. One 
who is under obligation to do something. 3. The side of 
an account in which debts are charged. See Debit. 

t DEB-UL-LI"TION, n. A bubbling or seething over. 

DE-BUT', (de-bu') 72. [Fr.] A very modern expression, de- 
noting the commencement or opening of a discourse or 
any design. 

DE€'A-€HORD, ) n. [Gr. ^sKa and X°9^^^^ 1- A mu- 

DE€-A-€HORD'ON, \ sical instrument of ten strings. 2 
Something consisting of ten parts. 

fDEC-A-CU'MI-NA-TED, a. ["L. decacuminatus.] Having 
the top or point cut off. 

DEC'A-DAL, a. Pertaining to ten ; consisting of tens. 

DECADE, 71. [L. decas, decadis ; Fr. decade.] The sum or 
number often ; an aggregate consisting often. 

DE-CADENCE, ) ^ See Decay 

DE-Ca'DEN-CY, \ "• ■L'ecay. nee uecay. 

DECA-GON, 7!. [Gr. Seica and ycovia.] In geometry, a plane 
figure having ten sides and ten angles. 

DE€'A-GRAM, 71 [Gr. SEKa,ai\i gram.] A French weight 
often grams, equal to 5 drams, 65 decimals, avoirdupois. 

DE€'A-GYN, 71. [Gr. Seku and yuvrj.] In botany, a plant 
having ten pistils. 

DE€-A-GYN'I-AN, a. Having ten pistils. 

DE€-A-He'DRAL, a. Having ten sides. 

DEC-A-Hk DRON, 71. [Gr. ?i£Ka and e^pa.] In geometry, a 
figure or body having ten sides. 

DE€'A-LIT-ER, 72. [Gr. ^fKa, and Zifer.] A French meas- 
ure of capacity, containing ten liters. 

DE-CAX.'0-GIST, n. One who explains the decalogue. 

DECA-LOGUE, (dek'a-log) 71. [Gr. ^Ka and ^Koyoi.] The 
ten commandments or precepts given by God to Moses. 

DE-€AM'E-TER, 71. [Gr. ?itKa and fttrpov.] A French 
measure of length, consisting of ten metres, and equal tc 
393,71 Englishlnches. 

DE-eAMP',"2). i. [Fr. decamper.] To remove or depart from 
a camp ; to march off. 

DE-€AMP'MENT, n. Departure from a camp ; a march- 
ing off. 

DE€'iV-NAL, a. Pertaining to a deanery. 

DE-CAN'DER, 72. [Gr. ^zKa and avrjg.] In botany, a plant 
having ten stamens. 

DE-CAN'DRI-AN, a. Having ten stamens. 

DE-€AN'GU-LAR, a. [Gr. iena, and angular.] Having ten 
angles. Lee. 

DE-CANT', V. t. [L. decanto.] To pour off gently, as liquor 
from its sediment ; or to pour from one vessel into cin- 
other. 

DE-CAN-Ta'TION, 72. The act of pouring liquor gently 
from its lees or sediment, or from one vessel into another. 

DE-CANT'ED, pp. Poured off, or from one vessel into an- 
other. 

DE-CANT'ER, 72. 1. A vessel used to decant liquors, or 
for receiving decanted liquors. A glass vessel or bottle 
used for holding wine or other liquors. 2. One who 
decarls liquors. 

DE-€ANT'ING, ppr. Pouring off, as liquor from its lees, or 
from one vessel to another. 

DE-CAP'I-TATE, v. t. [L. decapito.] To behead ; to cut 
off the head. 

DE-€AP-I-Ta'TI0N, 71. The act of beheading. 

DE-€APH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. Seku and <pv\\ov.] Having 
ten leaves. Mariyn. 

DE-CAR'BON-iZE, v. t. To deprive of carbon. 

DE-€AR'BON-lZED, pp. Deprived of carbon. 

DE-CXR'BON-I-ZING, ppr. Depriving of carbon. 

DEC'A-STICH, 72. [Gr. OEKa and CTi')(oi.] A poem consist- 
ing of ten lines. 

DEC'A-STyLE, 72. [Gr. ?i£Ka and arvXoi.] A building with 
an ordnance of ten columns in front. 

DE-CaY', v. i. [Fr. dechoir.] 1. To pass gradually from a 
sound, prosperous or perfect state, to a less perfect state, 
or towards destruction ; to fail ; to decline ; to be gradu- 
ally impaired. 2. To become weaker ; to fail. 

DE-CaY', v. t. To cause to fail ; to impair ; to bring to a 
worse state. [Rarely used.] 

DE-€aY'', 72. 1. Gradual failure of health, strength, sound- 
ness, prosperity, or any species of excellence or perfec- 
tion ; decline to a worse or less perfect state ; tendeiicy 
towards dissolution or extinction ; a state of depravation 
or diminution. 2. Declension from prosperity ; decline 
of fortune. 3. Cause of decay ; [notu^^lal.] 
DE-CaYED, (de-kade') pp. Having fallen from a good or 
sound state ; impaired ; weakened ; diminished- 



* See »ynopds. MOVE, BQQK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in «A2.s f Obsolete. 



DEC 



224 



DEC 



lii!:-€AY'EB-NE?S, n. A state of being impaired ; decayed 
state. 

i>E-€aY'ER,7?. That which causes decay. Shak. 

DE-€AY'ING,ppr. Failing ; declining ; passing from a good, 
prosperous or sound state, to a worse condition } perish- 
ing. 

DE-€aY'ING, n. Decay ; decline. 

DECEASE',?!. [L. decess-us.] Literally, departure 3 hence, 
departure from this life ; death. 

DE-CkASE', v. i. To depart from this life ; to die. 

DE-CeAS'ED, (de-seesf) pp. or a. Departed from life. This 
is usjd as a passive participle. 

DE-CEAS'ING, ppr. Departing from life ; dying. 

DE-Ce'DENT, n. [L. decedens.] A deceased person. Laws 
of Penn. 

DE-CeIT', n. [Norm, deceut ; L. deceptio.] 1. Literally, a 
catching or msnaring. Hence, the misleading of a per- 
son ; the leading of another person to believe what is 
false, or not to believe what is true, and thus to insnare 
him ; fraud ; fallacy ; cheat. >2. Stratagem ; artifice ; de- 
vice intended to mislead.— 3. In Scripture, that which is 
obtained bv guile, fraud or oppression.— 4. In law, any 
trick, device, craft, collusion, shift, covin or undeihand 
practice, used to defraud another. 

DE-CeIT'PUL, a. 1. Tending to mislead, deceive or in- 
snare. 2. "Full of deceit ; trickish ; fraudulent ; cheating. 

DE-CeIT'FUL-LY, adv. In a deceitful manner 5 fraudu- 
lently ; with deceit ; in a manner or with a view to de- 

DE-CeIT'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Tendency to mislead or de- 
ceive. 2. The quality of being fraudulent. 3. The dis- 
position to deceive. 

DE-CeIT'LESS, a. Free from deceit. Hall. 

DE-CeIV'A-BLE, a. 1. Subject to deceit or imposition ; 
capable of being misled or entrapped ; exposed to impos- 
ture. 2. Subject or apt to produce error or deception ; de- 
ceitful. 

DE-CeIV'A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Liableness to be deceived. 
2. Liableness to deceive. 

DE-CeIVE', v. t. [L. decipio ; Fr. decevoir.] I. To mislead 
the mind ; to cause to err ; to cause to believe what is 
false, or disbelieve what is true ; to impose on ; to delude. 
2. To beguile ; to cheat. 3. To cut off from expectation ; 
to frustrate or disappoint. 4. To take from ; to rob ; [not 
used.'] Bacon. 

DE-CeIV'ED, (de-seevd') pp. Misled ; led into error ; be- 
guiled ; cheated ; deluded. 

DE-CeIV'ER, n. One who deceives ; one who leads into 
error ; a cheat ; an impostor. 

DE-CkIY'ING. ppr. Misleading; insnaring; beguiling; 
cheating. 

DE-CEM'BER, n. [L. December.] The last month in the 
year, in which the sun enters the tropic of Capricorn, and 
makes the winter solstice. 

DE-CEM-DEN'TATE, a. [L. decern and dentatus.] Hav- 
ing ten points or teeth. 

DEC'EM-FID, a. [L. decern and fido.] Ten-cleft; divided 
into ten parts ; having ten divisions. 

DEC-EM-LOCU-LAR, a. [L. decern and loculus.] Having 
ten cells for seeds. 

DEC'EM-PE-DAL, a. [L. decern and pes.] Ten feet in 
length. 

DE-CEM'ViR, n. [L. decern and vir.] One of ten magis- 
trates, who had absolute authority in ancient Rome. 

DE-CEM'VI-RAL, a. Pertaining to the decemvirs in Rome. 

DE-CEM'YI-RATE, n. [L. decemviratus.] 1. The office or 
term of office of the decemvirs or ten magistrates in Rome, 
who had absolute authority for two years. 2. A body of 
ten men in authority. 

t De'CENCE. The same as decency. 

DE'CEN-CY, n. [Fr. decence ; L, decentia.] 1. That which 
is fit, suitable or becoming, in words or behavior ; pro- 
priety of form, in social intercourse, in actions or dis- 
course ; proper formality ; becoming ceremony. It has a 
special reference to behavior. 2. Suitableness to char- 
acter; propriety. 3. Propriety in speech; modesty; op- 
posed to ribaldry, or obscenity. 

DE-CEN'NA-RlT, 71. [h. decennis, decennium.] 1. A period 
of ten year?. 2. A tithing consisting of ten freeholders 
and their families. 

DE-CEN'NI-AL, a. [L. decennalis,] Continuing for ten 
years ; consisting of ten years ; or happenmg every ten 
years. 

DEC'EN-No-VAL, ) a. [L. decern and novem.] Pertain- 

DE-CEN'NO-VA-RY, ] ing to the number nineteen ; des- 
i^gnating a period or circle of nineteen years. 

De'CENT, a. [L. decens ; Fr. decent.] 1. Becoming ; fit ; 
suitable, in words, behavior, dress and ceremony. 2. 
Comely ; not gaudy or ostentatious. 3. Not immodest. 
— 4. In popular language, moderate, but competent ; not 
large ; as, a decent fortune. 

Das'CENT-LY, adv. 1. In a decent or becoming manner ; 
with propriety of behavior or speech. 2. Without im- 
modesty. 



De'CENT-NESS, n. Decency. 

DE-CEP-TI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or state of being ca 

pable or liable to be deceived. 
DE-CEFTI-BLE, a. That may be deceived. Brown. 
DE-CEP'TION, n. [L. deceptio.] 1. The act of deceiving 

or misleading. 2. The state of being deceived or misled. 

3. Artifice practiced ; cheat. 
DE-CEP'TIOUS, a. Tending to deceive ; deceitful. Shak. 
DE-CEP'TIVE, a. Tending to deceive ; having power to 

mislead, or impress false opinions. 
* DE-CEP'TO-RY, a. Tending to deceive ; containing qual 

ities or means adapted to mislead, 
f DE-CERN', V. t. [L. decerno.] To judge ; to estimate 
t DE-CERPT', a. [L. decerptv^.] Cropped. 
DE-CERP'TI-BLE, a. That may be taken off. 
DE-CERP'TION, n. [L. decerpo ] A pulling or plucking 

off, a cropping. Olanville. 
DE-CER-Ta'TION, n. [L. decertatio.] Strife ; contest for 

mastery. [Little used.] Brown. 
DE-CES'SION, n. [L. decessio.] Departure. [Little used.} 
DE-CHARM', V. t. [Fr. deckarmer.] To remove a spell or 

enchantment ; to disenchant. Harvey. 
DE-CHARM'ED, (de-charmd') pp. Disenchanted. 
DE-CHARM'ING, ppr. Removing a spell. 
DE-€HRIS'TIAN-lZE, v. t To turn from Christianity ; to 

banish Christian belief and principles from. J. P. Smith. 
DE-CiD'A-BLE, a. That may be decided. Jones. 
DE-ClDE', V. t. [L. decido.] 1. To end ; to determine, as 

a controversy. 2. To end or determine, as a dispute or 

quarrel. 3. To end or determine a combat or battle. 4. 

To determine ; to fix the event of. 5. In general, to end ; 

to terminate. 
DE-CiDE', V. i. To determine ; to form a definite opinion ; 

to come to a conclusion. 
DE CiD'ED, pp. Determined ; ended ; concluded. 
DE-ClD'ED, a. That implies decision ; clear ; unequivocal , 

that puts an end to doubt. P. Henry. 
DE-CiD'ED-LY, adv. In a decided or determined manner; 

clearly ; indisputably, 
t DE-Ci'DENCE, n. [L. decidens.] A falling off. Brown. 
DE-ClD'ER, n. One who determines a cause or contest. 
DE-ClD'ING, ppr. Determining; ending; concluding. 
DE-CID'U-OUS, a. [L. decidnus.] Falling; not perennial 

or permanent.' — In botany, a deciduous leaf is one which 

falls in autumn. 
DE-CID'U-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of falling once a 

year. 
DEC'I-GRAM, n. A French weight of one tenth of a gram. 
De'CIL, n. An aspect or position of two planets, when 

they are distant from each other a tenth part of the zo- 
diac. 
DEC'I-LIT-ER, n. A French measure of capacity equal to 

one tenth of a liter. 
DEC'I-MAL, a. [L. dccimus.] 1. Numbered by ten. 2 

Increasing or diminishing by ten ; as, decimal fractions 

3. Tenth. 
DEC'I-MAL, n. A tenth. 

DEC'I-MAL-LY, atZu. By tens ; by means of decimals. 

DEC'I-MATE, V. t. [L. decimo.] 1, To tithe ; to take the 
tenth part. 2. To select by lot and punish with death 
every tenth man. 3. To take every te.ith. 

DEC-I-Ma'TION, n. I. A tithing; a selection of every 
tenth by lot. 2. The selecting by lot for punishment eve- 
ry tenth man in a company or regiment, &c. 

DEC'I-MA-TOR, n. One who selects every tenth man for 
punishment. South. 

DE-CIM'E-TER, n. A French measure of length equal to 
the tenth part of a metre. 

DEC'I-MO-SEX'TO, n. [L.] A book is in decimo-sexto, 
when a sheet is folded into sixteen leaves. Taylor. 

DE-CI'PHER, V. t. [Fr. dcchiffrer.] I. To find the alpha- 
bet of a cipher ; to explain what is written in ciphers, by 
finding what letter each character or mark represents. 
2. To unfold ; to unravel what is intricate ; to explain 
what is obscure or difficult to be understood. 3. To 
write out ; to mark down in characters ; [uncommon.] 

4. To stamp ; to mark ; to characterize ; [unusual.] 
Shak. 

DE-Ci'PHERED, pp. Explained ; unravelled ; marked. 

DE-Ci'PHER-ER, n. One who explains what is written in 
ciphers 

DE-Cl'PHER-ING, ppr. Explaining ; detecting the letters 
represented by ciphers ; unfolding ; marking. 

DE-CIS'ION, n. [L. decisio.] 1. Determination, as of a 
question or doubt ; final judgment or opinion, in a case 
which has been under deliberation or discussion. 2. De- 
termination of a contest or event ; end of a struggle. — 3, 
In Scotland, a narrative or report of the proceedings of 
the court of sessions. 4. Report of the opinions and de- 
terminations of any tribunal. 5. Act of separation ; di- 
vision ; [not used.] 

DE-Ci'SIVE, a. 1. Having the power or quality of de 
termining a question, doubt, or any subject of deliber- 
ation ; final ; conclusive ; putting an end to controver- 



* See Synopsis. 5, E, I, o, V, Y, long—FKU, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BlRD;— f Obsolete. 



DEC 



225 



DEC 



sy. 2 Having the power of determining a contest or 
event. 

DE-CI'SIVE-LY, adv. In a conclusive manner. 

DE-CI'SIVE-NESS, n. 1. The power of an argument or of 
evidence to terminate a difference or doubt ; conclusive- 
ness. 2. The power of an event to put an end to a con- 
test^ 

DE-Cl'SO-RY, a. Able to decide or determine. 

DE€K, v.t. [D. dekken; G. decken] 1 Primarily, to 
cover ; to overspread ; to put on. 2. To clothe ; to dress 
• the person ; but usually, tO clothe with more than ordina- 
ry elegance ; to array ; to adorn ; to embellish. 3. To 
furnish with a deck, as a vessel. 

DECK, n, 1. The covering of a ship, which constitutes a 
floor, made of timbers and planks. 2. A pack of cards 
piled regularly on each other. 

DECKED, pp. Covered ; adorned ; furnished with a deck. 

DECK'ER, ri. I. One who decks or adorns; a coverer. 2. 
Of a ship, we say, she is a two-decker or a three-decker, 
that is, she has two decks or three decks. 

DECK'ING, ppr. Covering ; arraying ; adorning. 

DECK'ING, 71. Ornament ; embellishment. 

DE-CLaIM , ij. i. [L. declamo.] 1 . To speak a set oration 
in public ; to speak rhetorically ; to make a formal speech, 
or oration. 2. To harangue ; to speak loudly or earnest- 
ly, to a public body or assembly, with a view to convince 
their minds or move their passions. 

DE-CLAIM', V. t. 1. To speak in public. 2. To speak in 
favor of ; to advocate ; [not in tise.} 

DE-CLaIM'ANT, ) n. I. One who declaims ; a speaker in 

DE-CLaIM'ER, \ public ; one who attempts to convince 
by a harangue. 2. One who speaks clamorously. 

DE-CLAiai'ING, ppr. Speaking rhetorically ; haranguing. 

DE-CLaIM'ING, 71. A harangue. Bp. Taylor. 

DEC-LA-Ma'TION, n. [L. declamatio.] 1. A speech made 
in public, in the tone and manner of an oration ; a dis- 
course addressed to the reason or to the passions ; a set 
speech ; a harangue. 2. A piece spoken in public, or in- 
tended for the public. 

t DEC-LA-Ma'TOR, n. A declaimer. Taylor. 

DE-CLAM'A-TO-RY, a. [L. dedamatorius.] 1. Relating 
to the practice of declaiming ; pertaining to declamation ; 
treated in the manner of a rhetorician. 2. Appealing to 
the passions ; noisy ; rhetorical without solid sense or ar- 
gument. 

DE-CLaR'A-BLE, a. That may be declared or proved. 

DEC-LA-Ra'TION, 71. [L. declaratio.] 1. An affirmation ; 
an open expression of facts or opinions ; verbal utterance. 
2. Expression of facts, opinions, promises, predictions, 
&c., in writings ; records or reports of what has been de- 
clared or uttered. 3. Publication ; manifestation. 4. A 
public annunciation ; proclamation. — 5. In laic, that part 
of the process or pleadings in which the plaintiff sets forth 
at large his cause of complaint ; the narration or count. 

DE-CLAR'A-TlVE, a. 1. Making declaration ; explanato- 
ry ; making show or manifestation. 2. Making procla- 
mation or publication. 

DE-CLAR'A-TO-RI-LY, adv. By declaration or exhibition . 

DE-CLAR'A-TO-RY, a. Making declaration, clear mani- 
festation or exhibition; expressive. 

DE-CLaRE', v.t. [L. decla7-o.] 1. To clear; to free from 
obscmity ; to make plain ; [obs.] Boyle. 2. To make 
known ; to tell explicitly ; to manifest or communicate 
plainly to others by words. 3. To make known ; to show 
to the eye or to the understanding ; to exhibit ; to mani- 
fest by other means than words. 4. To publish ; to pro- 
claim. 5. To assert ; to affirm. — To declare one's self, to 
throw off reserve, and avow one's opinion ; to show open- 
ly what one thinks, or which side he espouses. 

DE-CIilRE', V. i. 1. To make a declaration ; to proclaim 
or avow some opinion or resolution in favor or in opposi- 
tion ; to make known explicitly some determination. — 
2. In law, to recite the causes of complaint against the 
defendant. 3. To show or manifest the issue or event ; 
to decide in favor of. 

DE-CLaR'ED, (de-klard') pp. Made known ; told explicitly ; 
avowed ; exhibited ; manifested ; pubUshed ; proclaimed ; 
recited. 

DE-CLaR'ED-LY, adv. Avowedly ; explicitly. 
OE-CLaR'ER, n. One who makes known or publishes ; 
that which exhibits. 

DE-CLaR'ING, ppr. Making known by words or by other 
means ; manifesting ; publishing ; affirming ; reciting the 
cause of complaint. 

UE-CLaR'ING, n. Declaration; proclamation. 
DE-CLEN'SION, n. [L. declinatio.] 1. Literally, a leaning 
back or down ; hence, a falling or declining towards a 
worse state ; a tendency towards a less degree of excel- 
lence or perfection. 2. Declination; a declining; de- 
scent; slope. — 3. In ^ffl/awiar, inflection of nouns, adjec- 
tives and pronouns ; the declining, deviation or leaning 
of the termination of a word from the termination of the 
nominative case ; change of termination to form the ob- 
lique cases. 



DE-CLTN'A-BLE, a. That may be declined ; changing its 
termination in the oblique cases. 

DEC'LI-KATE, a. [L. declinatus.] In botany, bending or 
bent downwards, in a curve ; declining. 

DEC-LI-Na'TION, n. 1. ^ leaning ; the act of bending 
down. 2. A declining, or falling into a worse state ; 
change from a better to a worse condition ; decay ; dete- 
rioration ; gradual failure or diminution of strength, sound- 
ness, vigor or excellence. 3. A deviation from a right 
line, in a literal sense ; oblique motion. 4. Deviation from 
rectitude in behavior or morals ; obliquity of condiict. — 
5. In astronomy, a variation from a fixed point or line. 
The distance of any celestial object from the equinoctial 
line, or equator, either northward or southward.— 6. Dec- 
lination of the compass or needle is the variation of the 
needle from the true meridian of a place. — 7. In dialing, 
the declination of a wall or plane is an arch of the hori- 
zon, contained between the plane and the prime vertical 
circle, if reckoned from the east or west, or between the 
meridian and the plane, if you reckon from the north or 
south.— 8. In grammar, declension ; or the inflection of a 
noun through its various terminations. 

DEC-LI-Na'TOR, I n. An instrument for taking the dec- 

DE-CLIN'A-TO-RY, \ lination or inclination of a plane ; 
an instrument in dialing. — Declinatory plea, in law, a 
plea before trial or conviction. 

DE-CLlNE', V. i. [L. declino.] 1. To lean downward. 2. 
To lean from a right line ; to deviate. 3. To lean or de- 
viate from rectitude ; to leave the path of truth or justice, 
or the course prescribed. 4. To fall ; to tend or draw to- 
wards the close. 5. To avoid or shun ; to refuse ; not to 
comply ; not to do. 6. To fall ; to fail , to sink ; to de- 
cay ; to be unpaired ; to tend to a less perfect state. 7. 
To sink ; to diminish ; to fall in value. 

DE-CLlNE', V. i. 1. To bend downward ; to bring down. 
2. To bend to one side ; to move from a fixed point or 
right line. 3. To shun or avoid ; to refuse ; not to engage 
in ; to be cautious not to do or interfere ; not to accept or 
comply with. 4. To inflect ; to change the termination 
of a word, for forming the oblique cases. 

DE-CLlNE', n. Literally, a leaning from ; hence, a falling 
off ; a tendency to a worse state ; diminution or decay ; 
deterioration. 

DE-CLlN'ED, (de-klind') pp. Bent downward or from ; in- 
flected. 

DE-CLlN'ING, ppr. Leaning ; deviating ; falling ; failing ; 
decaying ; tending to a worse state ; avoiding ; refusing ; 
inflecting. 

DE-CLIV'I-TY, n. [L. declivitas.] Declination from a hori- 
zontal line ; descent of land ; inclination downward ; a 
slope ; a gradual descent, 

DE-CLi'VOUS, or DE-CLIV'I-TOUS, a. Gradually de- 
scending ; not precipitous ; sloping. 

DE-COCT', V. t. [L. decoquo, decoctum.] 1. To prepare by 
boiling ; to digest in hot or boiling water. 2. To digest 
by the heat of the stomach ; to prepare as food for nour- 
ishing the body. 3. To boil in water, for extracting the 
principles or virtues of a substance. 4. To boil up to a 
consistence ; to invigorate. 

DE-COCT'I-BLE, a. That may be boiled or digested. 

DE-COC'TION, 71. [Fr. decoction.] 1. The act of boilmg a 
substance in water, for extracting its virtues. 2. The 
liquor in which a substance has been boiled ; water im- 
pregnated with the principles of any animal or vegetable 
substance boiled in it. 

DE-COCT'IVE, a. That may be easily decocted. 

DE-COCT'URE, n. A substance drawn by decoction. 

De'COL-LATE, V. t. [L. decollo.] To behead. Burke. 

Dk'COL-LA-TED, pp. Beheaded. 

DE-COL-La'TION, 71. [1^. decollatic] The act of behead- 
ing ; the act of cutting off the neck of an animal, and sev- 
ering the head from the body. 

DE-C6L-OR-a'TION, n. [L, decoloratio.] Absence of col- 
or. Ferrand. 

Dk'COM-PLEX, a. Compounded of complex ideas Locke. 

DE-COM-Po'SA-BLE, a. That may be decomposed ; capa- 
ble of being resolved into its constituent elements. 

DE-COM-PoSE', v. t. [Fr. decomposer.'] To separate the 
constituent parts of a body or substance ; to disunite ele 
mentary particles combined by affinity or chemical attrac 
tion ; to resolve into original elements. 

DE-COM-PoS'ED, (de-kom-p6zd') ;»p. Separated or resolved 
into the constituent parts. 

DE-COM-PoS'ING, ppr. Separating into constituent 
parts. 

DE-COM-POS'ITE, a. [L. de and compositus.] Compounded 
a second time ; compounded with things already com- 
posite. Bacon. 

DE-COM-PO-Sl"TION, n. 1. Analysis; the act of separa 
ting the constituent parts of a substance, which are chem- 
ically combined. 2. A second composition ; [in this sense 
not Msed.] Boyle, 

DE-eOM-POUND', v. t. 1. To compound a second time , 
to compound or mix with that which is already com- 



See Synopsis. 



MOVE, BOOK, DoVE- 



-BULL, UNITE.— € as K i 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



DEC 



226 



DED 



pound ; to form by a second composition. JVewton. 2. To 
decompose ; [little xised.] 
DE-CXDM-POUND', a. 1. Composed of tilings or words al- 
ready compounded ; compounded a second time. Boyle. 

2. A decompound leaf, in botary, is when the primary 
petiole is so divided that each part forms a compound 
leaf. 

DE-€OM-POUND'A-BLE, a. That may be decompouCided. 
DE-€OM-POUND'ED, pp. Compounded a second time j 

composed of things alreaiV compounded. 
DE-COM-POUND'ING, ppr. Compounding a second time. 
1 DE€'0-RA-MENT, n. Ornament ; embellishment. 
DECO-RATE, v. t. [L. decora.] 1. To adorn ; to beautify ; 

to embellish ; used of external ornaments or apparel. 2. 

To adoni with internal grace or beauty ; to render lovely. 

3. To adorn or beautify with any thing agreeable ; to em- 
bellish. 

DEC'O-RA-TED, pp. Adorned ; beautified ; embellished. 

J)Ee'0-RA-TING, ppr. Adorning 5 embellishing ; rendermg 
beautiful to the eye, or lovely to the mnid. 

J)E€-0-Ra'TION, 71. 1. Ornament; embellishment; any 
thing added which renders more agreeable to the eye or 
to the intellectual view.— 2. In architecture, any thing 
which adorns and enriches an edifice, as vases, paintings, 
figures, festoons, &c.— 3. In theatres, the scenes, which 
are changed as occasion requires. 

DE€'0-RA-TOR, n. One who adorns or embellishes. 

*DE€'0-R0US, or DE-€o'ROUS, a. [L. decor us.] De- 
cent ; suitable to a character, or to the time, place and 
occasion ; becoming ; proper ; befitting. 

* DE€'0-ROUS-LY, adv. In a becoming manner. 

DE-€OR'TI-€ATE, v. t. [L. decortico.] To strip ofi" bark ; 
to peel ; to husk ; to take off the exterior coat. 

DE-COR TI-CA-TED, Pi?. Stripped of bark ; peeled; husk- 
ed. 

DE-€OR'TI-€A-TING, ppr. Stripping off bark or the ex- 
ternal coat ; peeling. 

DE-COR-TI-Ga'TION, 71. The act of stripping off bark or 
husk. 

DE-€o'RUM, n. [L.] 1. Propriety of speech or behavior; 
suitableness of speech and behavior to one's own charac- 
ter, and to the characters present, or to the place and oc- 
casion ; seemliness ; decency ; opposed to rudeness, li- 
centiousness or levity. — 2. In architecture, tlie suitable- 
ness of a building, and of its parts and ornaments, to iis 
place and uses. 

DE-COY', V. t. [p. kocri.] To lead or lure by artifice into a 
snare, with a view to catch ; to draw into any situation to 
be taken by a foe ; to entrap by any m.eans which deceive. 

DE-COY', n. 1. Any thing intended to lead into a snare ; 
any lure or allurement that deceives and misleads into 
evil, danger or the power of an enemy. 2. A place for 
catching wild fowls. 

DE-COY'-DUCK, n. A duck employed to draw others into 
a net or situation to be taken. 

DE-€OY'ED, (de-koyd') pp. Lured or drawn into a snare 
or net ; allured into danger by deception. 

DE-€OY'ING, ppr. Luring into a snare or net by deception ; 
leading into evil or danger. 

DE-€OY'-MAN, n. A man employed in decoying and 
catchijig fowls. 

DE-€ReASE', v. i. [L. decresco.] To become less ; to be 
diminished gradually, in extent, bulk, quantity or amount, 
or in strength, quality or excellence. 

DE-€ReASE', v. t. To lessen ; to make smaller in dimen- 
sions, amount, quality or excellence, &c. ; to diminish 
gradually, or by small deductions. 

DE-CPcEASE', n. 1. A becoming less ; gradual diminution ; 
decay. 2. The wane of the moon , the gradual diminu- 
tion "of the visible face of the moot from the full to the 
change. 

DE-€ReAS'ED, (de-kreesf) pp. Lessened ; diminished. 

DE-€ReAS'ING, ppr. Becoming less ; diminishing ; wan- 
ing. 

DE-CREE', ??. [L. decretiim.] 1. Judicial decision, or deter- 
mination of a litigated cause.— 2. In the civil law, a de- 
termination, or judgment of the emperor on a suit between 
parties 3. An edict or law made by a council for regu- 
lating any business within their jurisdiction. — 4. In gen- 
eral, an order, edict or law, made by a superior as a rule 
to govern inferior. 5. Established law, or rule.— 6. In 
theology, predetermined purpose of God. 

DECREE', V. t. 1. To determine judicially ; to resolve by 
sentence. 2. To determine or resolve legislatively; to 
fix or appoint ; to set or constitute by edict or in purpose. 

DE-CREED', pp. Detennined judicially ; resolved ; appoint- 
ed ; established in purpose. 

DE-CREE'ING, ppr. Determining ; resolving ; appointing ; 
ordering. 

DEC'RE-MENT, 71, [L.decrementiim.] 1. Decrease ; waste ; 
the state of becoming less gradually. 2. The quantity lost 
by gradual diminution or waste. — 3. In heraldry, the 
wane of the moon. — 4. In crystalography , a successive 
diminution of the lamens of molecules. 



DE-CREP'IT, a. [L. decrepitus.] Broken down with age ; 
wasted or worn by the iniirmities of old age ; being in the 
last stage of decay ; weakened by age. Pope. 

DE-CREP'I-TATE, v. t. [L. decrepo.] To roast or calcine 
in a strong heat, with a continual bursting or crackling of 
the substance. 

DE-CREP'I-TATE, v.i. To crackle, as salts when roast 
ing. 

DE-CREP'I-TA-TED, pp. Roasted with a crackling noise. 

DE-CREP'I-TA-TING, ppr. Crackling ; roasting with a 
crackling noise ; suddenly bursting when exposed to heat. 

DE-CREP-1-Ta'TION, 71. The act of roasting with a con- 
tinual crackling ; or the separation of parts with a crack- 
ling noise, occasioned by heat. 

DE-€REP'IT-NESS, I n. The broken, crazy state of the 

DE-CREP'I-TLT)E, \ body, produced by decay and the 
infirmities of age. 

DE-CRES'CENT, a. [L. decresceiis.] Decreasing ; becom- 
ing less by gradual diminution. 

DE-€Re'TAL, a. Appertaining to a decree ; containing a 
decree ._ 

* DE-€Re'TAL, 71. 1. A letter of the pope, determining 
some point or question in ecclesiastical law. 2. A book 
of decrees or edicts ; a body of laws. 3. A collection of 
the pope's decrees. 

t DE-€Re'TION, n. A decreasmg. Pearson. 

DE-€Re'TIST, 71. One who studies or professes the knowl- 
edge of the decretals. 

DECRE-TO-RI-LY, adv. In a definitive manner. 

DEC'RE-TO-RY, a. 1. Judicial ; definitive ; established by 
a decree. 2. Critical ; determining ; in which there is 
some definitive ev^eut. 

t DE-CREW, V. i. To decrease. 

DE-€Rl'AL, n. A crying down ; a clamorous censure ; 
condemnation by censure. 

DE-CRl'ED, (de-kride') pp. Cried down ; discredited ; 
brought into disrepute. 

DE-CRl'ER, 71. One who decries. 

DE-CROWN', v.t. To deprive of a crown. [Little used.] 

DE-CROWN' [NG, n. The act of depriving of a crown. 

DE-€RUS-Ta'TION, 71. [Fr. decrustation.] An uncrusting. 

DE-CRY', V. t. [Fr. decrier.] 1. To cry down ; to censure 
as faulty, mean or worthless ; to clamor against ; to dis- 
credit by finding fault. 2. To cry down, as improper or 
unnecessary ; to rail or clamor against ; to bring into dis- 
repute ; as, to decry the measures of administration. 

DEC-U-Ba'TION, n. [L. decumbo.] The act of lying down, 
Evelyn. 

DE-CUM'BENCE, ) 71. [L. decumbcns.] The act of lying 

DE-CUM'BEN-CY, ] down ; the posture of lying down. 

DE-CUM'BENT, a. In botany, declined or bending down ; 
having the stamens and pistils bending down to the lower 
side. 

DE-CUM'BI-TURE, n. 1. The time at which a person 
takes to his bed in a disease. — 2. In astrology, the scheme 
or aspect of the heavens, by which the prognostics of re- 
covery or death are discovered. 

DEC'U-PLE, a. [L. decuplus.] Tenfold; containing ten 
times as many. 

DEC'U-PLE, 71. A number ten times repeated. 

DE-Cu'RI-ON, 71. [L. decurio.] An officer in the Roman 
army, who commanded a decuria, or ten soldiers. 

DE-CUR'RENT, a. [L. decurreiis.] Extending downwards. 
Mart7j7i. 

DE-CUR'SION, 71. [L. decursio.] The act of running down, 
as a stream. Hale. 

DE-CUR 'SIVE, a. Running down — Decursivehj pinnate. 
in botany, applied to a leaf having the leaflets decurrentj 
or running along the petiole. 

t DE-CURT', v. t. [L. decurto.] To shorten by cutting off. 

DE-CUR-Ta'TION, 7?. [L. decurto.] The act of shorten- 
ing, or cutting short. 

DEC'U-RY, n. [L. decuria.] A set of ten men under an 
officer called decurio. 

* De'CUS-SATE, or DE-CUS'SATE, v. t. [L. decusso.] 
To intersect ; to cross ; as lines, rays, or nerves in the 
bnriv. 

* De'CUS-SATE, ) a. Crossed ; intersected.— In botany, 

* De'CUS-SA-TED, \ decussated leaves and branches are 
such as grow in pairs, which alternately cross each other 
at_right angles, or in a regular manner. Lee. 

* De'CUS-SA-TING, ppr. Intersecting at acute angles ; 
crossing. 

DE-CUS-Sa'TION, 71. The act of crossing at unequal an- 
gles ; the crossing of two lines, rays or nen'es, which 
meet in a point, tmd then proceed and diverge. 

DE-Da'LI-AN, a. [from Dcedalus.] Various ; variegated ; 
intricate ; complex ; expert. 

DED'A-LOUS, a. [from Dcedalus.] Having a margin with 
various windings and turnings ; of a beautiful and deli- 
cate texture. Lee. 

t DE-DEC'O-RATE, v. t. [L. dedecoro.] To disgrace. 

t DE-DEC-O-Ra'TION, n. A disgracing. 

DE-DEC'0-ROUS. a. Disgraceful ; reproachful. 



See Synopsis A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY :— PIN, MARINE, BtRD ;— t Obsolete 



DEE 



227 



DEF 



DE-DEN-Tl' TION, n. The shedding of teeth. 

DED'I-eATE, V. t. [L. dedico.] 1. To set apart and conse- 
crate to a divine Being, or to a sacred purpose ; to devote 
to a sacred use, by a solemn act, or by religious ceremo- 
nies 2. To appropriate solemnly to any person or pur- 
pose ; to give wholly or chiefly to. 3. To inscribe or 
address to a patron. 

DED'I-eATE, a. Consecrated ; devoted ; appropriated. 
Shak. 

DED'I-€A-TED, pp. Devoted to a divine Being, or to a 
sacred use ; consecrated ; appropriated ; given wholly to. 

DED'I-€A-TING, ppr. Devoting to a divine Being, or to 
a sacred purpose ; consecrating ; appropriating ; giving 
wholly to. 

DED-I-Ca'TION, w. 1. The act of consecrating to a divine 
Being, or to a sacred use, often with religious solemnities ; 
solemn appropriation. 2. The act of devoting or giving 
to. 3. An address to a patron, prefixed to a book, testify- 
ing respect, and recommending the work to his protection 
and favor. 

DED'I-€A-T0R, n. One who dedicates ; one who inscribes 
a book to the favor of a patron. Pope. 

DED'I-€A-TO-RY, a. Composing a dedication. 

DE-DI"TION, n. [L. deditio.] The act of yielding any 
thing ; surrendry. Hale. 

t DED^O-LENT, a. [L. dedoleo.] Feeling no compunction. 

DE-DuCE', V. t. [L. deduco.] 1. To draw from ; to bring 
from. 2. To draw from, in reasoning ; to gather a truth, 
opinion or proposition from premises ; to infer something 
from what precedes. Locke. 3. To deduct ; [not in use.] 
B. Jonson. 4. To transplant ; [not in use.] Selden. 

DE-DuC'ED, (de-dusf) pp. Drawn from ; mferred ; as a 
consequence from principles or premises. 

DE-DtJCE'MENT, n. The thing drawn from or deduced ; 
inference ; that which is collected from premises. Dryden. 

DE-DuC'I-BLE, a. That may be deduced ; inferable ; col- 
lectible by reason from premises ; consequential. 

DE-DuC'ING, ppr. Drawing from ; inferring ; collecting 
froni principles or facts already established or known. 

DE-DU'CIVE, a. Performing the act of deduction. [L. u.] 

DE-DUCT', V. t. [L. deduco, dcductum.] To take from ; to 
subtract ; to separate or remove, in numbering, estimating 
or calculating. 

DE-DUCT'ED, pp. Taken from ; subtracted. 

DE-DUCT'ING, ppr. Taking from ; subtracting. 

DE-DUCTION, 71. [h. deductio.] 1. The act of deducting, 
2. That which is deducted ; sum or amount taken from 
another ; defalcation ; abatement. 3. That which is 
drawn from premises ; fact, opinion or hypothesis, col- 
lected from principles or facts stated, or established data ; 
inference ; consequence drawn ; conclusion. 

DE-DU€T'IVE, a. Deducible ; that is or may be deduced 
from premises. Olanville. 

DE-DUCT'IVE-LY, adv. By regular deduction ; by way of 
inference ; by consequence. Broken. 

DEED, n. [Sax. d^Bd.] 1. That which is done, acted or ef- 
fected ; an act ; a fact. 2. Exploit ; achievement ; illus- 
trious act. 3. Power of action ; agency. 4. A writing 
containing some contract or agreement, and the evidence 
of its execution ; particularly, an instrument on paper or 
parchment, conveying real estate to a purchaser or donee. 
— Indeed, in fact ; in reality. These words are united, 
and called an adverb. 

DEED, V. t. To convey or transfer by deed ; a popular use 
of the word in America. 

DEED'-A-CHIeV'ING, a. That accomplishes great deeds. 

DEED'LESS, a. Inactive ; not performing or having per- 
formed deeds or exploits. Pope. 

DEED'-PoLL, n. A deed not indented, that is, shaved or 
even, made by one party only. Blackstone. 

fDEED'Y, a. Active; industrious. 

DEEM, V. t. [Sax. deman.] 1. To think ; to judge ; to be 
of opinion ; to conclude on consideration. 2. To esti- 
mate ; [obs.] Spenser 

DEEM, V. i. To judge ; to think ; to estimate. 

t DEEM, 71. Opinion ; judgment ; surmise. Shak. 

DEEMED, pp. Thought j judged ; supposed. 

DEEM'ING, ppr. Thinkmg ; judging ; believing. 

DEEM'STER, n. [deem and ster.] A judge in the Isle of 
Man, and in Jersey. Johnson. 

DEEP, a. [Sax.deop,dypa; B.diep.] 1. Extending or being 
far below the surface ; descending far downward ; pro- 
found ; opposed to shallow. 2. Low in situation ; being 
or descending far below the adjacent land. 3. Entering 
far ; piercing a great way. 4. Far from the outer part ; 
secreted. 5. Not superficial or obvious ; hidden ; secret. 
6. Remote from comprehension. 7. Sagacious; penetrat- 
ing; having the power to enter far into a subject. 8. 
Artful ; contriving ; concealing artifice ; insidious ; de- 
signing. 9. Grave in sound ; low. 10. Very still ; sol- 
emn ; profound. 11. Thick; black; not to be penetrated 
by the sight. 12. Still ; sound ; not easily broken or dis- 
turbed. 13. Depressed ; sunk low, metaphorically. 14. 
Dark ; intense ; strongly colored. 15. Unknown ; unin- 



telligible. 16. Heart-felt ; penetrating ; affecting. 17. 
Intricate ; not easily understood or unraveled. — This word 
often qualifies a verb, like an sidverb. 

DEEP, 71. 1. The sea ; the abyss of waters ; the ocean. 2. 
A lake ; a great collection of water. 3. That which is 
profound, not easily fathomed, or incomprehensible. 4. 
The most still or solemn part ; the midst. 

DEEP'-DRAW-ING, a. Sinking deep into the water. 

DEEP'EN, "(dee'pn) v.t. 1. To make deep or deeper; to 
sink lower. 2. To make dark or darker ; to make more 
thick or gloomy. 3. To give a darker hue, or a stronger 
color. 4. To make more poignant or distressing. 5. To 
make more frightful. 6. To make more sad or gloomy 
7. To make more grave. 

DEEP'EN, V. i. To become more deep. 

DEEP'ENED, pp. Made more deep. 

DEEP'EN-ING, ppr. Sinking lower ; making more deep 

DEEP'LY, adv. 1 . At or to a great depth ; far below the 
surface. 2. Profoundly ; thoroughly. 3. To or from the 
inmost recesses of the heart ; with great sorrow ; most 
feelingly. 4. To a great degree. 5. With a dark hue, or 
strong color. 6. Gravely. 7. With profound skill ; with 
art or intricacy. 

DEEP'-MOUTHED, a. Having a hoarse, loud, hollow 
voice. Shak. 

DEEP'-MUS-ING, a. Contemplative; thinking closely or 
profoundly. Pope. 

DEEP'NESS, n. 1. Depth ; remoteness from the surface in 
a descending line ; interior distance from the surface ; 
profundity. 2. Craft ; insidiousness ; [unusual.] 

DEEP'-READ, a. Having fully read ; profoundly versed 
L''Estrange. 

DEEP'-RE-VOLV'ING, a. Profoundly revolving or medi- 
tating. Shak. 

DEEP'-THRoAT-ED, a. With deep throats. Milton. 

DEEP'-ToNED, a. Having a very low or grave tone. 

DEEP'-VAULT-ED, a. Formed like a deep vault or arch' 

DEEP'-WaIST-ED, a. Having a deep waist, as a ship 
when the quarter deck and forecastle are raised from four 
to six feet above the level of the main deck. 

DEER, 71. sing, and plu. [Sax. deor.] A quadruped of the 
genus cervus, of several species ; as the stag, the fallow- 
deer, the roe-buck, the rein, or rein-deer, &c. 

DEER'-STICAL-ER, n. One who steals deer. 

DEER'-STeAL-ING, n. The act or crime of stealing deer. 

t De'ESS, 71. [Fr. dcesse.] A goddess. Croft. 

DE-FaCE', v. t. [Arm. difagza ; L. de and facia.] 1. To 
destroy or mar the face or surface of a thing ; to injure 
the superficies or beauty ; to disfigure. 2. To injure any 
thing ; to destroy, spoil or mar ; to erase or obliterate. 3. 
To injure the appearance ; to disfigure. 

DE-Fa'CED, (de-faste') pp. Injured on the surface ; disfig- 
ured^; marred ; erased. 

DE-FaCE'MENT, n. Injury to the surface or beauty ; ra- 
sure ; obliteration ; that which mars beauty, or disfigures 

DE-Fa'CER, n. He or that which defaces ; one who in- 
jures, mars or disfigures. 

DE-Fa'CING, ppr. Injuring the face or surface ; marring ; 
disfiguring ; erasing. 

DE FAC'TO. [L.] Actually ; in fact ; existing ; as a king 
de facto, distinguished from a king de jure, or by right. 

t DE-FaIL'ANCE, n. [Fr.] Failure ; miscarriage. 

DE-FAL'CATE, v. t. [Fr. defalquer.] To cut off; to take 
away or deduct a part ; used chiefly of money, accounts, 
rents, income, &c. 

DE-FAL-Ca'TION, 71 1. The act of cutting off, or deduct- 
ing a part; deduction, diminution; abatement. 2. That 
which is cut off. 

t DE-FALK', v. t. To defalcate. Bp. Hall. 

DEF-A-Ma'TION, 71. The uttering of slanderous words 
with a view to injure another's reputation ; the malicious 
uttering of falsehood respecting another which tends to 
destroy or impair his good name, character or occupation ; 
slander ; calumny. 

DE-FAM'A-TO-RY, a. Calumnious ; slanderous ; contain^ 
ing defamation ; false, and injurious to reputation. 

DE-FaME', 7). «. [Yr.diffamer.] 1. To slander; falsely and 
maliciously to utter words respecting another which tend 
to injure his reputation or occupation. 2. To speak evil 
of; to dishonor by false reports ; to calumniate ; to libel ; 
to impair reputation by acts or words. 

DE-FaM'ED, (de-famd') pp. Slandered ; dishonored or in- 
jured by evil reports. 

DE-FaM"ER, n. A slanderer ; a detractor ; a calumniator 

DE-FaM'ING, ppr. Slandering ; injuring the character by 
false reports. 

DE-FaM'ING, n. Defamation ; slander. Jeremiah. 

DE-FAT I-GA-BLE, a. Liable to be wearied. [JVof much 
used.] Olanville. 

DE-FAT'I-GATE, v. t. [L. defatigo.] To weary or tu-e, 
jLittle used.] Herbert. 

DE-FAT-I-Ga'TION, n. Weariness. [Little used.) Bacon. 

DE-FAULT', 71. [Fr.defaut.] 1. A failing, or failure; an 
omission of that which ought to be done ; neglect to do 



* .See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as In this, f Obsolete 



DEF 



228 



DEF 



what dnty or law requires. 9. Defect ; want ; failure. — 
3. In law, a failure of appearance in court at a day as- 
signed, particularly of the defendant in a suit when called 
to make answer. — To suffer a default, is to permit an ac- 
tion to be called without appearing or answering. 

DE-FAULT', V. i. To fail in performing a contract or agree- 
ment. Johnson. 

DE-FAULT', V. t 1. In law, to call out a .defendant, [ac- 
cording to the common expression.] To call a defendant 
officially, to appear and answer in court, and on his fail- 
ing to answer, to declare him in default, and enter judg- 
ment against him. 2. To call out a cause, in v/hich the 
defendant does not appear, and enter judgment on the 
default. 3. To fail in performance. 

t DE-FAULT', V. t. To offend. 

DE-FAULT'ED, pp. 1. Called out of court, as a defendant 
or his cause. 2. a. Having defect. 

DE-FAULT'ER, n. 1. One who makes default ; one wno 
fails' to appear in court when called. 2. One who fails to 
perform a public duty ; particularly, one who fails to ac- 
count for public money intrusted to his care ; a delin- 
quent. 

DE-FAULT'ING, ppr. I. Failing to fulfil a contract ; de- 
linquent. 2. Failing to perform a duty or legal require- 
ment. 3. Calling out of court, and entering judgment 
against for non-appearance. 

DE-FEAiS'ANCE, n. [Norm, defesance.] 1. Literally, a 
defeating ; a rendering null ; the preventing of the opera- 
tion of an instrument.— 2. In law, a condition, relating to 
a deed, which being perfonned, tlie deed is defeated or 
rendered void. 3. The writing containing a defeasance. 
4. Defeat ; [obs.] Spenser. 

DE-FeAS'I-BLE, a. That may be defeated or annulled. 

DE-FeAS'I-BLE-NESS, 71. The quality of being defeas- 
ible. 

DE-FeAT', ?z. [Ft. defaite.] 1. Overthrow; loss of battle. 
The check, rout, or destruction of an army by the victory 
of an enemy. 2. Successful resistance ; as, the defeat of 
an attack. 3. Frustration ; a rendering null and void. 
4. .Frustration ; prevention of success. 

DE-FeAT', v. t. 1. To overcome or vanquish, as an army ; 
to check, disperse, or ruin by victory ; to overthrow. 2. 
To frustrate ', to prevent the success of ; to disappoint. 3. 
To render null and void. 4. To resist with success. 

DE-FeAT'ED, p2). Vanquished; effectually resisted ; over- 
thrown ; frustrated ; disappointed ; rendered null or in- 
operative. 

DE-FeAT'ING, ppr. Vanquishing ; subduing ; opposing 
successfully; overthrowing; frustrating; disappomting ; 
rendering null and void. 

DE-FeAT'URE, ?i. 1. Change of feature. S/iofc. 2. Over- 
throw ; defeat ; [obs.] Beaumont. 

DEF'E-€ATE, v. t. [L. defa-co.] 1. To purify ; to refine ; 
to clear from dregs or impurities ; to clarify. 2. To purify 
from admixture ; to clear ; to purge of extraneous matter. 

DEF'E-CA-TED, pj>. Purified; clarified; refined. 

DEF'E-€A-TING, ppr. Purifying ; purging of lees or im- 
purities. 

DEF-E-CA'TrON, n. The act of separating from lees or 
dregs ; purification from impurities or foreign matter. 

DE-FE€T', n. [l,. defectus.] 1. Want or absence of some- 
thing necessary or useful towards perfection ; fault ; im- 
perfection. 2. Failing ; fault; mistake; imperfection in 
moral conduct, or in judgment. 3. Any want, or imper- 
fection in natural objects ; the absence of any thing ne- 
cessary to perfection ; any thing unnatural or misplaced ; 
blemish ; deformity. 

tDE-FE€T', ?). i. To be deficient. Brown. 

DE-FECT-T-BIE'I-TY, 71. Deficiency ; imperfection. [Little 
used.] Hale. 

DE-FE€T'I-BLE, a. Imperfect ; deficient ; wanting. [Lit- 
tle uscdA Hale. 

DE-FE€'TI0N, n. [L. def actio.] 1. Want or failure of dn- 
ty ; particularly, a falling away ; apostasy ; the act of 
abandoning a person or cause to which one is bound by 
allegiance or duty, or to which one has attached himself. 
2. Revolt. 

DE-FECT'IVE, a. [L. defectivus.] 1. Wanting either in 
substance, quantity or quality, or in any thing necessary ; 
imperfect. 2. Wanting in moral qualities ; faulty; blam- 
.ible : not conforming to rectitude or rule. — 3. In gram- 
mar, a. defective noun is one which wants a whole number 
or a particular case ; an indeclinable noun. 4. A defective 
verb is one which wants some of the tenses. 

DE-FE€T'1VE-LY, adv. In a defective manner; imper- 
fectly. 

DE-FE€T'IVE-NESS, n. Want; the state of being imper- 
fect ; faultiness. 

t DE-FE€T-U-0S'I-TY, n. Defectiveness ; faultiness. Mon- 
tacru. 

DE-FE€T'U-0US, c. Full of defects. [L.u.] Worthington. 

t DEF-E-Da'TION, 71. Pollution. Bentlcrj. 

DE-FEND', V. t. [L. defendo.] 1. To drive from ; to thrust 
back ; hence, to deny ; to repel a demand, charge, or ac- 



cusation ; to oppose; to resist ; the effect of which is to 
maintain one's own claims. 2. To forbid ; to prohibit , 
that is, to drive from, or back. Temple. 3. To drive back 
a foe or danger ; to repel from any thing that which as- 
sails or annoys ; to protect by opposition or resistance ; to 
support or maintain ; to prevent from being injured or 
destroyed. 4. To vindicate ; to assert ; to uphold ; to 
maintain uninjured, by force or by argument. 5. To se- 
cure against attacks or evil ; to fortify against danger or 
violence ; to set obstacles to the approach of anything 
that can annoy. 

DE-FEND', V. i. To make opposition. 

DE-FEND'A-BLE, a. That may be defended. 

DE-FEND'ANT, a. [French participle of de/e»idre.] 1. De- 
fensive ; proper for defense. 2. Making defense ; being 
in the character of a defendant. 

DE-FEND' ANT, n. 1. He that defends against an assail- 
ant, or against the approach of evil or danger. — 2. In la^v, 
the party that opposes a complaint, demand or charge ; he 
that is summoned into court, and defends, denies or op- 
poses the demand or charge. 

DE-FEND'ED, pp. Opposed ; denied ; prohibited ; main- 
tained by resistance ; vindicated ; preserved uninjured ; 
secured. 

DE-FEND'ER, n. One who defends by opposition ; one who 
maintains, supports, protects or vindicates ; an assertor ; 
a vindicator, either by arms or by arguments j a champion 
or an advocate. 

DE-FEND'ING, ppr. Denying ; opposing ; resisting ; for 
bidding ; maintaining uninjured by force or by reason ; 
securing from evil. 

DE-FENS'A-TiVE, n. Guard ; defense ; a bandage, or 
plaster, to secure a wound from external injury. 

DE-FENSE', (de-fens') n. [L. defensio.] 1. Any thing that 
opposes attack, violence, danger or injury ; anything that 
secures the persons, the rights or the possessions of men ; 
fortification ; guard ; protection ; security. 2. Vindica- 
tion ; justification ; apology ; that which repels or dis- 
proves a charge or accusation. — 3. In law, the defend- 
ant's reply to the plaintiff's declaration, demands, or 
charges. 4. Prohibition ; [obs,] 5. Resistance ; opposi- 
tion. 6. The science of defendmg against enemies ; mil- 
itary skill.— 7. In fortification, a work that flanks an- 
other. 

t DE-FENSE', V. t. To defend by fortification. 

DE-FENS'ED, (de-fensf) pp. Fortified. 

DE-FENSE'LESS, a. Being without defense ; unarmed ; 
unprotected ; unprepared to resist attack ; weak ; unable 
to oppose ; uncovered ; unsheltered. 

DE-FENSE'LESS-NESS, n. The state of being unguarded 
or unprotected. 

DE-PENS'I-BLE, a. I. That may be defended. 2. That 
may be vindicated, maintained or justified. 

DE-FENS'IVE, a. [Fr.defensif.] 1. That serves to defend , 
proper for defense. 2. Carried on in resisting attack or 
aggresaion. 3. In a state or posture to defend. 

DE-FENS'IVE, n. Safeguard ; that which defends.— To be 
on the defensive, or to stand on the defensive, is to be or 
stand in a state or posture of defense or resistance, in op- 
position to aggression or attack. 

DE-FENS'IVE-LY, adv. In a defensive manner ; on the 
defensive ; in defense. 

t DE-FENST', pp. Defended. Fairfax. 

DE-FER', V. t. [L. differ 0.] 1. To delay ; to put off; to 
postpone to a future time. 2. To refer ; to leave to an- 
other's judgment and determination. 

DE-FER', V. i. To yield to another's opinion ; to submit in 
opinion. 

DEF'ER-ENCE, ti. I. A yielding in opinion; submission 
of judgment to the opinion or judgment of another . Hence , 
regard ; respect. 2. Complaisance ; condescension. 3. 
Submission. 

DEF'ER-ENT, a. Bearing : carrying ; conveying. [Little 
used.] Bacon. 

DEF'ER-ENT, n. 1. That which carries or conveys. 2. 
A vessel in the human body for the conveyance of fluids, 

DEF-ER-EN'TIAL, a. Expressing deference. 

DE-FER'MENT, n. Delay. Suckling. 

DE-FER'RER, n. One who delays or puts off. B. Jonson. 

DE-FER'RING, ppr. Delaying ; postponing. 

DEF'FLY, adv. Finely ; nimbly. Sjyenser. Sec Deflt. 

DE-Fl'ANCE, n. [Fr.] 1. A daring ; a challenge to fight 
invitation to combat ; a call to an adversary to encounter, 
if he dare. 2. A challenge to meet in any contest ; a call 
upon one to make good any assertion or charge ; an invi- 
tation to maintain any cause or point. 3. Contempt of 
opposition or danger ; a daring or resistance that implies 
the contempt of an adversary, or of any opposing power. 

DE-Fl'A-TO-RY, n. Bidding or bearing defiance. 

DE-FI"CIEN-CY, orDE-Fl"CIENCE,w. [Tu. deficiens.] 1 
A failing ; a falling short ; imperfection. 2. Want ; de- 
fect ; something less than is necessary. 

DE-FI'CIENT, a. 1. Wanting ; defective ; imperfect ; not 
eufiicient or adequate. 2. Wanting ; not having a full or 



* See Synopsis A, E, T, O, U, 1?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



DEF 



229 



DEF 



adequate supply. — Deficient numbers, in arithmetic, are 
those numbers, whose paxts, added together, make less 
than the integer, whose parts they are. 

DEF'I-CXT, n. Want ; deficiency ; as a deficit in the taxes 
or revenue. 

DE-Fi'ER, TO. A challenger ; one who dares to combat or 
encounter ; one who braves j one who acts in contempt of 
opposition, law or authority. 

+ DE-FIG-U-Ra'TION, n. A disfiguring. Hall. 

t DE-FIG'URE, V. t. To delineate. Weever. 

DE-FlLE', V. t. [Sax. afylan, befylan, gefylan.] 1. To 
make unclean ; to render foul or dirty. 2. To make im- 
pure ; to render turbid. 3. To soil or sully ; to tarnish ; 
as reputation, &;c. 4, To pollute ; to make ceremonially 
unclean. 5. To corrupt chastity ; to debauch ; to violate. 
6. To taint, in a moral sense ; to corrupt ; to vitiate ; to 
render impure with sin. 

DE-FlLE', v.i. [Fi. defiler.] To march off in a line, or file 
by file ; to file off. Roscoe. 

DE-FlLE', n. [Fr. defild.] A narrow passage or way, in 
which troops may march only in a file, or with a narrow 
front ; a long, narrow pass, as between hills, &c. 

DE-FlL'ED, (de-fild') jrp. Made dirty, or foul 5 polluted ; 
soiled ; corrupted 5 violated ; vitiated. 

DE-FlLE'MENT, TO. 1. The act of defiling, or state of being 
defiled ; foulness ; dirtiness ; uncleanness. 2. Corruption 
of morals, principles or character ; impurity 5 pollution 
by sin. 

DE-FlL'ER, n. One who defiles ; one who corrupts or vio- 
lates ; that which pollutes. 

DE-FlL'lNG, ppr. 1. Polluting ; making impure. 2. 
Marching in a file, or with a narrow front. 

DE-FlN'A-BLE, a. 1. Literally, that may be limited, or 
have its limits ascertained. Hence, capable of having its 
extent ascertained with precision ; capable of being fixed 
and determined. 2. That may be defined or described ; 
capable of having its signification rendered certain, or ex- 
pressed with certainty or precision. 3. That may be fix- 
ed, determined or ascertained. 

DE-FlNE', V. t. [L. definio.] 1. To determine or describe the 
end or limit. 2. To determine with precision ; to ascer- 
tain. 3. To mark the limit : to circumscribe 5 to bound. 
4. To determine or ascertain the extent of the meaning of 
a word ; to ascertain the signification of a term 5 to ex- 
plain what a word is understood to express. 5. To de- 
scribe ; to ascertain or explain the distinctive properties or 
circumstances of a thing. 

f DE-FiNE', V. i. To determine ; to decide. Bacon. 

IDE-FlN'ED, (de-find') pp. 1. Determined; having the ex- 
tent ascertained ; having the signification determined. 

2. Having the precise limit marked, or having a deter- 
minate limit. 

l)E-FlN'ER, TO. He who defines ; he who ascertains or 
marks the limits ; he who determines or explains the sig- 
nification of a word, or describes the distinctive properties 
of athing. 

DE-FlN'ING, ppr. Determining the limits ; ascertaining 
the extent ; explaining the meaning ; describing the prop- 
erties. 

DEF'I-NiTE, a. [L. definitus.] 1. Having certain limits ; 
bounded with precision ; determinate. 2. Having certain 
limits in signification ; determinate ; certain ; precise. 

3. Fixed ; determinate ; exact ; precise. 4. Defining 7 
limiting ; determining the extent. 

DEF'I-NiTE, TO. Thing defined. Jlyliffe. 

DEF'I-NiTE-LY, adv. Precisely ; in a definite manner. 

DEF'I-NlTE-NESS, to. Certainty of extent ; certainty of 
signification ; determinateness. 

DEF-I-M"TION, TO. [L. definitio.] 1. A brief description 
of a thing by its properties. — 9. In logic, the explication of 
the essence of a thing by its kind and difference. — 3, In 
lexicography, an explanation of the signification of a word 
or term, or "of what a word is understood to express. 

DE-FIN'1-TiVE, a. [L. definitivus.] I. Lhniting the ex- 
tent ; determinate ; positive ; express. 2. Limiting ; end- 
ing ; determining ; final. 

DE-FIN'I-TiVE, TO. In grammar, an adjective used to de- 
fine or limit the extent of the signification of an appellative 
or common noun. 

I>E-FIN'I-TiVE-LY, adv. 1. Determinately ; positively ; 
expressly. 2. Finally ; conclusivel> ; unconditionally. 

l)E-PIN'I-TlVE-NESS, to. Determinateness ; decisiveness ; 
conclusiveness. 

(■ DE-FIX', V. t. [L. defisro.'] To fix ; to fasten. Herbert. 

DEF-LA-GRA-BIL'I-TY, to. Combustibility; the quality 
of taking fire and burning away, as a metallic wire. 
Boyle. 

DE-FLa GRA-BLE, a. Combustible ; having the quality 
of taking fire and burning, as alcohol, oils, &c. Boyle. 

DEF'LA-GRATE, v. t. [L. deflagro.] To set fire to ; to 
burn ; to consume. 

DEF-LA-GRA TION, to. a kindling or setting fire to a sub- 
stance ; burning ; combustion. 

DEF'LA-GRA-TOR, to. a galvanic instrument for produc- 



ing combustion, particularly the combustion of metallic 
substances. Hare. 

DE-FLECT', v. i. [L. deflecto.] To turn from or aside ; to 
deviate from a true course or right line ; to swerve. 

DE-FLECT', v. t. To turn aside ; to turn or bend from a, 
right line or regular course. 

DE-FLECT'ED, pp. Turned aside, or from a direct line or 
course. — In botany, bending downward archwise. 

DE-FLECT'ING, ppr. Turning aside ; turning from a right 
line or regular comse. 

DE-FLE€'TION, TO. 1. Deviation; the act of turning aside , 
a turning from a true line or the regular course. 2. The 
departure of a ship from its true course. 3. A deviation 
of the rays of light towards the surface of an opaque body ; 
infiection. 

DE-FLEX'URE, to. A bending down ; a turning aside • de- 
viation. 

DEF'LO-RATE, a. [L. defloratus.] In botany, having cast 
its farin, pollen, or fecundating dust. Martyn. 

DEF-LO'RA'TION, TO. [Fr.] 1. The act of deflouring ; the 
act of aepriving of the flower or prime beauties ; particu 
larly, the act of taking away a woman's virginity. 2. A 
selection of the flower, or of that which is most valuable. 

DE-FLOUR', V. t. [L. dnfloro.] 1. To deprive a woman of 
her virginity. 2. To take away the prime beauty and 
grace of any thing, 3. To deprive of flowers. 

DE-FLOUR'ED, (de-flourd') pp. Deprived of maidenhood ; 
ravished ; robbed of prime beauty. 

DE-FLOUR'ER, to. One who deprives a woman of her 
virginity. 

DE-FLOUR'ING, ppr. Depriving of virginity or maiden- 
hood ; robbing of prime beauties. 

fDE-FLoW', V. i. [L. defiuo.] To flow down. Brown. 

DEF'LU-OUS, a. [L. defiiius.] Flowing down ; falling off'. 
[Little used.] 

DE-FLUX', n. [L. defluxus.] A flowing down ; a running 
downward. Bacon. 

DE-FLUX'ION, TO. [l^. defiuxio.'] 1. A flowing, running or 
falling of humors or fluid matter, from a superior to an in- 
ferior part of the body ; properly, an inflammation of a 
part, attended with increased secretion. 2. A discharge 
or flowing off of humors. 

t DEF'LY, ad.v. Dextrously ; skilAilly. Spenser. 

t DEF-OE-Da'TION, to. The act of making filthy; pol- 
lution. 

DE-FO-LI-a'TION, to. [L. de s,ndfoliatio.] Literally, the 
fall of the leaf or shedding of leaves ; but technically, the 
time or season of shedding leaves in autumn. 

DE-FoRCE', V. t. To disseize and keep out of lawful pos- 
session of an estate , to withhold the possession of an 
estate from the rightful owner. Blackstone. 

DE-FoRC'ED, (de-f6rst');)p. Kept out of lawful possession. 

DE-FoRCE'MENT, to. 1. The holding of lands or tene- 
ments to which another person has a right. — 2. In Scot- 
land, a resisting of an officer in the execution of law. 

DE-FOR'CIANT, to. He that keeps out of possession the 
rightful owner of an estate. 

DE-FoRC'ING, ppr. Keeping out of lawful possession. 

DE-FORM', V. t. [L. deformo.] 1. To mar or injure the 
form ; to alter that form or disposition of parts which is 
natural and esteemed beautiful, and thus to render it dis- 
pleasing to the eye ; to disfigure. 2. To render ugly or 
displeasing, by exterior applications or appendages. 3. To 
render displeasing. 4. To injure and render displeasing 
or disgusting ; to disgrace ; to disfigure moral beauty. 
5. To dishonor ; to make ungraceful. 

DE-FORM', a. [L. deforwis.] Disfigured ; being of an un- 
natural, distorted, or disproportioned form ; displeasing to 
the eye. 

DEF-OR-Ma'TION, to. a disfiguring or defacing. 

DE-FORM'ED, (de-formd') pp. 1. Injured in the form ; dis- 
figured ; distorted ; ugly ; wanting natural beauty, or 
symmetry. 2. Base ; disgraceful. 

DS-FORM'ED-LY.arfc. In an ugly manner. 

DE-FORM'ED-NESS, n. Ugliness ; a disagreeable or unnat- 
ural form. 

DE-FORM'ER, to. One who deforms. 

DE-FORM'ING, ppr. Marring the natural form or figure , 
rendering ugly or displeasing ; destroying beauty , 

DE-FORM'I-TY, to. [L. deformitas.] 1. Any unnatural 
state of the shape or form ; want of that unifr rmity or 
symmetry which constitutes beauty; distortion; irregu- 
larity of shape or features ; disproportion of lanhs ; de- 
fect ; crookedness ; ugliness. 2. Any thmg th'rt destroys 
beauty, grace or propriety ; irregularity ; absurdity ; gross 
deviation from order, or the established laws rf propnety , 

tDE-FoRS'ER, TO. One that casts out by force. 

t DE-FOUL', v.t.To defile. 

DE-FRAUD', V. t. [L. defraudo.] 1. To de mve of right, 
either by obtaining something by deceptio/i or artifice, or 
by taking something wrongfully, without the knowledge 
or consent of the owner ; to cheat ; to cozen ; followed by 
of before the thing taken. 2. To withhold wrongfiilly 
from another what is due to him. 3. To prevent one 



* See Syno]>sis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BtJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete . 



DEG 



230 



DEI 



wrongfully from obtaining what he may justly claim. 4. 
To defeat or frustrate wrongfully. 

DE-FRAU-Da'TION, n. Privation by fraud. 

DE-FRAUD'ED, pp. Deprived of property or right by trick, 
artifice or deception ; injured by the withholding of what 
is due. 

DE-FRAUD'ER, n. One who defrauds ; one who takes from 
another his right by deception, or withholds what is his 
due ; a cheat ; a cozener ; an embezzler ; a peculator. 

13E-FRAUD'ING, p;)/-. Depriving another of his property or 
right by deception or artifice; injuring by withholding 
wrongfully what is due. 

DE-FRAUD'MENT, n. The act of defrauding. 

I)E-FRaY', v. t. [Fr defrayer.] I. To pay ; to discharge, 
as cost or expense ; to bear, as charge, cost or expense. 
2. To satisfy ; [obs.] Spenser. 3. To fill ; [obs.] Spenser. 

DE-FRaYED, (de-fr&dei) pp. Paid ; discharged, as expense, 
or cost. 

DE-FRaY'ER, n. One who pavs or discharges expenses. 

DE-FRAY INGj^r. Paying; discharging. 

DE-FRaY'MENT, n. Payment. Shelton. 

t DEFT, a. Neat ; handsome ; spruce ; ready ; dextrous ; 
fit ; convenient. Dryden. 

t DEFT'LY, adv. Neatly ; dextrously ; in a skilful manner. 
Shak. 

t DEFT'NESS, n. Neatness ; beauty. Drayton. 

I)E-FUN€T', a. [L. defanctus.] Having finished the course 
of life; dead; deceased. Shak. 

DE-FUN€T', n. A dead person ; one deceased. 

t DE-FUN€'TION, n. Death. Shak. 

DE-F?', V. t. [Fr. defier.'j 1. To dare ; to provoke to, com- 
bat or strife, by appealing to the courage of another ; to 
invite one to contest ; to challenge. 2. To dare ; to brave ; 
to oflFer to hazard a conflict by manifesting a contempt of 
opposition, attack or hostile force. 3. To challenge to say 
or do any thing. 

t DE-F1?', n. A challenge. Dryden. 

DE-F^'ER. See Defier. 

DEG, V. t. [Sax. deagan.] To sprinkle. Grose. 

DE-GAR'NISH, v. t. [Fr. degarnir.] 1. To unfurnish ; to 
strip of furniture, ornaments or apparatus. 2. To deprive 
of a garrison, or troops necessary for defense. Washmgton. 

DE-GAR'NISHED, pp. Stripped of furniture or apparatus ; 
deprived of troops for defense. 

DE-GaR'NISH-ING, ppr. Stripping of furniture, dress, ap- 
paratus or a garrison. 

DE-GaR'NISH-MENT, 71. The act of depriving of furniture, 
apparatus or a garrison. 

f j:)E-6EN'DER, v. i. To degenerate. Spenser. 

DE-GEN'DERED, a. Degenerated. Spenser. 

DE-GEN'ER-A-CY, n. 1. a growing worse or inferior; a 
decline in good qualities ; or a state of being less valuable. 
— 2. In morals, decay of virtue ; a growing worse ; de- 
parture from the virtues of ancestors ; desertion of that 
which is good. 3. Poorness ; meanness ; as, a degenera- 
cy of spirit. 

DE-6EN'ER-ATE, v. i. [L. degenero.] To become worse ; 
to decay in good qualities ; to pass from a good to a bad or 
worse state ; to lose or suffer a diminution of valuable 
qualities, either in the natural or moral world. 

DE-GEN'ER-ATE, a. 1. Having fallen from a perfect or 
good state into a less excellent or worse state ; having lost 
something of the good qualities possessed ; having declin- 
ed in natural or moral worth. 2. Low ; base ; mean ; 
corrupt ; fallen from primitive or natural excellence ; hav- 
ing lost the good qualities of the species. 

DE-GEN'ER-ATE-LY, adv. In a degenerate manner. 

DE-GEN ER-ATE-NESS, n. A degenerate state ; a state in 
which the natural good qualities of the species are decay- 
ed or lost. 

DE-GEN-ER-a'TION, n. 1. a growing worse, or losing of 
good qualities ; a decline from the virtue and worth of an- 
cestors ; a decay of the natural good qualities of the spe- 
cies ; a falling from a more excellent state to one of less 
worth. 2. The thing degenerated. 

DE-GEN'ER-OUS, a. 1. Degenerated ; fallen from a state 
of excellence, or from the virtue and merit of ancestors. 
2. Low ; base ; mean ; unworthy. Dryden 

DE-OEN'ER-OUS-LY, adv. In a degenerous manner ; base- 
ly ; meanly. 

DEG'GY, a. Foggy ; applied also to small rain. 

DE-GLu'TI-NATE, v. t. [L. deglutino.] To unglue ; to 
loosen or separate substances glued together. 

DEG-LU-TI"TI0N, n. [L. deghitio.] ]. The act of swal- 
lowing. 2. The power of swallowing. 

DEG-RA-Da'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. A reducing in rank ; the 
act of depriving one of a degree of honor, of dignity, or 
of rank ; also, deposition ; removal or dismission from of- 
fice. 2. The state of being reduced from an elevated or 
more honorable station, to one that is low in fact or in es- 
timation ; baseness ; degeneracy. 3. Diminution or re- 
duction of strength, efficacy or value. — 4. In painting, a 
lessening and obscuring of the appearance of distant ob- 
jects in a landscape, that they may appear as they would 



do to an eye placed at a distance. 5. Diminmtion ; reduc- 
tion of altitude or magnitude. Journ. of Science. 

DE-GRaDE', v. t. [Fr. degrader.] 1. To reduce from a 
higher to a lower rank or degree ; to deprive one of any 
office or dignity, by which he loses rank in society ; to 
strip of honors. 2. To reduce in estimation ; to lessen the 
value of; to lower ; to sink. 3. To reduce m altitude or 
magnitude. Journ. of Science. 

DE-GRaD'ED, pp. Reduced in rank ; deprived of an ofiice 
or dignity ; lowered ; sunk ; reduced in estimation or 
value. 

DE-GRaDE'MENT, 71. Deprivation ofrank or office. 

DE-GRaD'ING, ppr. 1. Reducing in rank ; depriving of 
honors or offices ; reducing in value or estimation ; lower- 
ing. 2. a. Dishonoring ; disgracing the character. 

DE-GRaD'ING-LY, adv. In a degrading manner, or in a 
way to depreciate. 

DE-GREE', n. [Fr. degre.] 1 A step ; a distinct portion of 
space of indefinite extent ; a space in progression. 2. A 
step or portion of progression, in elevation, quality, digni- 
ty or rank. — 3. In genealogy, a certain distance or remove 
in the line of descent, determining the proximity of biood. 
4. Measure ; extent. — 5. In geometry, a division of a cir- 
cle, including a three hundred and sixtieth part of its cir- 
cumference. — 6. In music, an interval of sound, marked 
by a line on the scale. Busby. — 7. In arithmetic, a degree 
consists of three figures ; thus, 270, 360, compose two de- 
grees. 8. A division, space or interval, marked on a 
mathematical or other instrument. — 9. In colleges and 
universities, a mark of distinction conferred on students, 
as a testimony of their proficiency in arts and sciences ; 
giving them a kind ofrank, and entitling them to certain 
privileges. — Honorary degrees are those of doctor of divin- 
ity, doctor of laws, &c. — By degrees, step by step ; gradu- 
ally ; by little and little ; by moderate advances. 

DEG-US-Ta'TION, n. [L. degusto.] A tasting. Bp. Hall. 

DE-HIS'CENCE, n. [L. dchiscens.] A gaping.— In botany, 
the opening of capsules ; the season when capsules open. 

DE-HIS'CENT, a. Opening, as the capsule of a plant. 

t DE-HON-ES-Ta'TION, n. Discredit ; disgrace, Bp. Oau- 
den. 

DE-HORT', v. t. [L. dehortor.] To dissuade ; to advise to 
the contrary. Wilkins. 

DE-HOR-Ta'TION, 71. Dissuasion j advice or counsel 
against something. 

DE-HORT' A-TO-RY, a. Dissuading ; belonging to dissua- 
sion. 

DE-HORT'ER, 71. A dissuader ; an adviser to the contrary^ 

DE-HORT'ING, ppr. Dissuading. 

De'I-CiDE, 7!. [U. dcicidio.] 1. The act of putting to death 
Jesus Christ, our Savior. Prior 2. One concerned in put- 
ting Christ to death. 

DE-IF'I€, a. [L. deus and facio."] 1. Divine ; pertaining 
to the gods. 2. Making divine. 

DE-IF'I-CAL, a. Making divine. Homilies. 

DE-I-FI-€a'TION, 71. The act of deifying ; the act of ex- 
alting to the rank of, or enrolling among, the heathen dei- 
ties. 

De'I-FiED, pp. Exalted or ranked among the gods ; regard 
ed orpraised as divine. 

De'I-Fi-ER, 71. One that deifies. 

De'I-FORM, a. [L.deus and /orma.] Like a god ; of a god- 
like form. 

t DE-I-FORM'I-TY, v.. Resemblance of deity. 

De'I-FY, v. t. [L. deus and /acio.] 1. To make a god ; to 
exalt to the rank of a heathen deity ; to enroll among the 
deities. 2. To exalt into an object of worship ; to treat as 
an object of supreme regard. 3. To exalt to a deity in es- 
timation ; to reverence or praise as a deity. 

DE'I-F'f-ING, ppr. Exalting to the rank of a deity ; treat- 
ing as divine. 

DEIGN, (dane) v. i. [Fr. daigner.] To think worthy ; to 
vouchsafe ; to condescend. 

DEIGN, (dane) v. t. To grant or allow ; to condescend to 
give to. Shak. , 

DEIGN'ING, (da'ning) ppr. Vouchsafing ; thinking worthy. 

t DE-IN TE-GRATE, v. t. To disintegrate. 

DE-IP' A-ROUS, a. [L. deiparus.] Bearing or bringing forth 
a god ; an epithet applied to the Virgin Mary. 

DElP-NOS'0-PHIST, 7i. [Gr. Senrvov and <ro<piarris.] One 
of an ancient secc of philosophers, who were famous for 
their learned conversation at meals. 

De'ISM, n. [Fr. deisme.] The doctrine or creed of a deist , 
the belief or system of religious opinions of those who ac- 
knowledge the existence of one God, but deny revelation. 

De'IST, n. [Fr. deiste ; It. deista.] One who believes in the 
existence of a God, but denies revealed religion ; one who 
professes no form of religion, but follows the light of na- 
ture and reason, as his only guides in doctrine and prac- 
tice ; a freethinker. 

DE-IST'I€, I a. Pertaining to deism or to deists ; em- 

DEj:ST'I-€AL, \ bracing deism. 

fDE'I-TATE, a. Made God. Abp. Cranmer. 

De'I-TY, n. [Fr. deite.] 1. Godhead; divinity ; the nature 



Synopsis. A, E, I, 6, tj, Y, long.—F^U, FALL, WHAT ;— PRfiY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



DEL 



231 



DEL 



and essence of the Supreme Being. 2. God ; tlie Supreme 
Being, or infinite self-existing Spii-it. 3. A fabulous god 
or goddess ; a superior being, supposed, by heathen na- 
tions, to exist, and to preside over particular departments 
of nature. 4. The supposed divinity or divine qualities 
ofa pagan god. Raleigh. 

DE-JECT*, V. t. [L. dejlcio.] 1. To cast down ; usually, to 
cast down the countenance ; to cause to fall with grief ; 
to make to look sad or grieved, or to express discourage- 
ment. 2. To depress the spirits ; to sink j to dispirit j to 
discourage ; to dishearten. Pope. 

DE-JE€T', a. [L. dejectiis.'[ Cast down ; low-spirited. 

DE-JECT'ED, ;pjp. Cast down ; depressed ; grieved ; dis- 
couraged. 

DE-JECT'ED-LY, adv. In a dejected manner ; sadly ; heav- 
ily. Bacon. 

DE-JECT'ED-NESS, v.. The state of being cast down ; low- 
ness of spirits. 

DE-JE€T'ING, ppr. Casting down ; depressing ; dispiriting. 

DE-JE€'TION, n. 1. A casting down ; depression of mind; 
melancholy ; lowness of spirits, occasioned by grief or 
misfortune. Milton. 2. Weakness ; [iLmisual.'] 3. The 
act of voiding the excrements ; or the matter ejected 
Ray. 

DE-JEGT'LY, adv. In a downcast manner. 

DS -JECT'O-RY, a. Having power or tending to cast down, 
or to promote evacuations by stool. 

DE-JECT'lIRE, 71. That which is ejected; excrements. 
ArbiLthnot. 

fDEJ'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. dejero.] To swear deeply. 

t DEJ-ER-A'TION, a. A taking ofa solemn oath. 

tDE-JEuNE', n. [Fr. dejune.] A sort of breakfast. 

DE-LA€-RY-Ma'TION, 71. [L. delacrymatio.] A preternat- 
ural discharge of watery humors from the eyes ; waterish- 
ness of the eyes. 

t DEL-AC-Ta'TION, n. [L. delactatio.] A weaning. 

DEL-AP-Sa'TION, 71. A falling down. Ray. 

DE-LAPSE', (de-laps') v. i. [L. delabor, delapsus.] To fall 
or slide down. 

DE-LAP'SION, 71. A falling down of the uterus, anus, &c. 

DE-LAPS'ED, (de-lapsf) pp. Fallen down. 

DE-LaTE', v. t. [L. delatiLs.j 1. To carry ; to convey. 
[Little used.] 2. To accuse ; to inform against ; that is, 
to bear a charge against. B. Jonson. 

DE-La'TION, n. 1. Carriage ; conveyance. {Little used.] 
9. Accusation ; act of chai-ging with a crune ; a term of 
the£ivil law. 

DE-La'TOR, 71. [L.j An accuser ; an informer. 

DE-LaY', v. t. [Fr. delai.] 1. To prolong the time of act- 
ing, or proceeding; to put off; to defer. 2. To retard; 
to stop, detain or hinder for a time ; to restrain motion, or 
render it slow. 3. To allay ; [not in. use.] Spenser. 

DE-LaY', v. i. To linger; to move slow ; or to stop for a 
time_. 

DE-LaY', n. 1. A lingering ; stay ; stop. 2. A putting off 
or deferring ; procrastination. 3. Hinderance for a time. 

DE-LaY'ED, (de-lade') pp. Deferred ; detained ; hindered 
for a time ; retarded. 

DE-LaY'ER, n. One who defers ; one who lingers. 

DE-LaY'ING, ppr. Putting off; deferring ; procrastinating ; 
retarding ; detaining. 

DE-LaY'MENT, n. Hinderance. Gower. 

De'LE, v. t. [L. imperative of delco.] Blot out ; erase. 

DEL'E-BLE, a. [L. delebilis.] That can he blotted out. 
jMore. 

DE-LEC'TA-BLE, a. [L. delectabilis.] Delightful ; liighly 
pleasing ; that gives great jov or pleasure. 

J)E-LE€'TA-BLE-NESS, n. Delightfulness. Ba9ret. 

DE-LE€'TA-BLY, adv. Delightfully. 

DEL-E€-Ta'TION, 71. Great pleasure ; delight. More. 

t DEL'E-GA-CY, 71. A number of persons delegated. Laud. 

DEL'E-GATE, v. t. [L. delego.] 1. To send away ; appro- 
priately, to send on an embassj^ ; fo send with power to 
transact business, as a representative. 2. To intrust ; to 
commit ; to deliver to another's care and exercise. 

DEL'E-GATE, 71. 1. A person appointed and sent by an- 
otlier with powers to transact business as his representa- 
tive ; a deputy ; a commissioner ; a vicar. — 2. In Great 
Britain, a commissioner appointed by the king, under the 
great seal, to hear and determine appeals from the eccle- 
siastical court. Hence, the court of delegates is the great 
court of appeal in all ecclesiastical causes. 3. A layman 
appointed to attend an ecclesiastical council. 

DEL'E-GATE, a. Deputed ; sent to act for or represent an- 
other. Taijlor. 

DEL'E-GA-TED, jjp. Deputed ; sent with a trust or commis- 
sion to act for another ; appointed a judge ; committed, as 
authority. 

DEL'E-GA-TING, ppr. Deputing ; sending with a commis- 
sion to act for another ; appointing ; committing ; in- 
trusting. 

DEL-E-Ga'TION, n. I. A sending away ; the act of put- 
ting in commission, or investing with authority to act for 
another; the appointment of a delegate. Burke. 2. The 



persons deputed to act for another, or for others.— 3. in 
the civil law^ the assignment of a debt to another, as 
when a debtor appoints his debtor to answer to the credi- 
tor in his place. 

f DEL-E-NIF'I-€AL, a. Having the virtue to ease or as- 
suage paia. 

fDE-LETE', V, t. [L. deleo.] To blot out. Fuller. 

DEL-E-Te'RI-OUS, a. [L. deleternts.] 1. Having the quali- 
ty of destroying, or extinguishing life ; destructive ; poi- 
sonous. 2. Injurious ; pernicious. 

DEL'E-TER-Y, a. Destructive ; poisonous. Hudibras. 

DE-LE'TION, n. [L. deletio.) 1. The act of blotting out or 
erasing. 2. Destruction ; [little v^ed.] Hale. 

DEL'E-TO-RY, n. That which blots out. Taylor. 

DELF, 71. [Sax. delfan.] 1. A mine ; a quarry ; a pit dug. 
[Rarely used.] 2. Earthen ware, covered with enamel 
or white glazing in imitation of China-ware or porcelain, 
made at Delft, in Holland ; properly. Delft-ware. 

DEL I-BATE, v. t [L. delibo.] To taste ; to take a sip 
[Little Jised.] 

DSL-I-Ba'T10N, 71. A taste ; an essay. [Little used.] 

DE-LIB'ER-ATE, v. i. [L. deliberol] To weigh in the 
mind ; to consider and examine the reasons for and 
against a measure ; to estimate the weight or force of ar- 
guments, or the probable consequences of a measure, in 
order to a choice or decision ; to pause and consider. 

DE-LIB'ER-ATE, v. t. To balance in the mind ; to weigh ; 
to consider. Laud. 

DE-LIBER-ATE, a. 1. Weighmg facts and arguments 
with a view to a choice or decision ; carefully considering 
the probable consequences of a step ; circumspect ; slow 
in determining. 2. Formed with deliberation ; well ad- 
vised or considered ; not sudden or rash. 3. Slow. Bacon. 

DS-LrB'ER-ATE-IiY, adv. With careful consideration, or 
deliberation ; circumspectly ; not ha,stily or rashly ; 
slowiv. 

DE-LrB"'ER-ATE-NESS, n. Calm consideration ; circum- 
spection ; due attention to the arguments for and against 
a measure ; caution. 

DE-LIB-ER-A'TION, n. [L. deliberatio.] 1. The act of de- 
liberating ; the act of weighing and examining the rea- 
sons for and against a choice or measure ; consideration. 
2. Mutual discussion and examination of the reasons for 
and against a measure. 

DE-LIB'ER-A-TIVE, a. 1. Pertaining to deliberation ; pro- 
ceeding or acting by deliberation, or by mutual discussion 
and examination. 2. Having a right or power to deliber- 
ate or discuss. 3. Apt or disposed to consider. 

DE-LIB'ER-A-TIVE, ii. A discourse in which a question is 
discussed or weighed and examined. 

DE-LIB'ER-A-TlVE-LY. adv. By deliberation. Burke. 

DEL'I-€A-CY, 77. ^[Fr. dalicatcsse.] 1. Fineness of texture; 
smoothness ; softness ; tenderness. 2. Daintiness ; pleas- 
antness to the taste. 3. Elegant or feminine beauty. 4. 
Nicety ; minute accuracy. 5. Neatness in dress ; ele- 
gance proceeding from a nice selection and adjustment of 
the several parts of dress. 6. Softness of manners ; civil- 
ity or politeness proceeding from a nice observance of pro- 
priety, and a desire to please. 7. Indulgence ; gentle 
treatment. 8. Tenderness ; scrupulousness ; the quality 
manifested in nice attention to right, and care to avoid 
wrong, or offense. 9. Acute or nice perception of M-hat 
is pleasing to the sense of tasting ; hence, figuratively, a 
nice perception of beauty and deformity, or the faculty of 
such nice perception. 10. That which deliyhts the sens- 
es, particularly the taste. 11. Tenderness of constitution ; 
weakness ; that quality or state of the animal body which 
renders it very impressible to injury. 12. Smallness ; fine- 
ness ; slenderness ; tenuity. 13. Tenderness ; nice sus- 
ceptibility of impression. 

DEL'I-CATE, a. [Fr. delicat.] 1. Ofa fine texture ; fine ; 
soft ; smooth ; clear, or fair. 2. Nice ; pleasing to the 
taste ; of an agreeable flavor. 3. Nice in perception of 
what is agreeable ; dainty. 4. Nice ; accurate ; fine ; soft 
to the eye. 5. Nice in forms ; regulated by minute ob- 
servance of propriety, or by condescension. 6. Pleasing 
to the senses. 7. Fine ; slender ; minute. 8. That can- 
not be handled without injury or danger : that must be 
touched with care. 9. Composed of fine threads, or nice 
ly interwoven ; soft and smootl) to the touch. 10. Ten 
der ; effeminate ; not able to endure hardship ; very im- 
pressible to injury. 11. Feeble ; not sound or robust. 

t DEL'I-CATE, 7». Any thing nice ; a nicety. Dryden. 

DEL'I-€ATE-LY, adv. 1. In a delicate manner ; with nice 
regard to propriety and the feelings of others. 2. Dainti- 
ly ; luxuriously. 3. With soft elegance. 4. Tenderly ; 
with induleence in ease, elegance and luxury. 

DEL'I-€ATE-NESS, n. The state of being delicate ; ten- 
derness ; softness ; effeminacy. 

tDEL'I-CATES, Ti. Niceties; rarities. Jeremiah. 

DE-LI"CIOUS, a. [Fr. delicieux.] 1. Highly pleasing to the 
taste ; most sweet or grateful to the senses ; affording ex- 
quisite pleasure. 2. Most pleasing to the mindj very 
grateful ; yielding exquisite delight. 



• See Synopsis MOVE, BQOK, DOVE ;— B^LL, UNITE.— € as K ; as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obeolets . 



DEL 



232 



DEL 



DE-LI''CIOUS-LY, adv. In a delicious manner; in a man- 
ner to please the taste or gratify the mind; sweetly; 
pleasantly ; delightfully. 

DE-Li"C10US-NESS, n. The quality of being delicious, or 
very grateful to the taste or mind. 2. Delight; great 
pleasure. 

DEL-I-Ga'TION, n. [L. deligatio.] In surgery, a binding 
up ; a bandaging. 

DE-LlGHT', (de-lite ) 71. [Fi. delice.] 1. A high degree of 
pleasure, or satisfaction of mind ; joy. 2. That which 
gives great pleasure ; that which affords delight. — Delight 
is a more permanent pleasure than joy, and not dependent 
on sudden excitement. 

DE-LlGHT', V. t. [isp. deleytar ; Port, deleitar ; L. delector ; 
Fr. delccter.] 1, To affect with great pleasure ; to please 
highly ; to give or afford high satisfaction or joy. 2. To 
receive great pleasure in. 

DE-LIGHT', V. i. To have or take great pleasure; to be 
greatly pleased or rejoiced. 

DE-LIGHTED, ;//>, J . Greatly pleased ; rejoiced. 2. a. 
Full of delight. Shak. 

DE-LlGHT'ER, Ji. One who takes delight. Barrow. 

DE-LlGHT'FUL, a. Highly pleasing; affording great plea- 
sure and satisfaction. 

DE-LiGHT'FUL-LY, adv. 1. In a manner to receive great 
pleasure; very agreeably. 2. In a delightful manner; 
charmingly ; in a manner to afford great pleasure. 

DE-LIGHT'FUL-NESS, «. 1. The quality of being de- 
lightful, or of affording great pleasure. 2. Great pleasure ; 
delight. 

DE-LlGHT'LESS, a. Affording no pleasure or delight. 

DE-LiGHTSoME, a. Very pleasing ; delightful. 

D£-LiGHT'S6ME-LY, adv. Very pleasantly ; in a delight- 
ful manner. 

DE-LlGHT'S6ME-NESS, n. Delightfulness ; pleasantness 
in a high degree. 

DE-LIN 'E-A-MENT, n. Representation by delineation. 

DE-LIN'E-ATE, v. t. [L. delinco.] 1. To draw the lines 
which exhibit the form of a thing ; to mark out wnh 
lines; to make a draught; to sketch or design. 2. To 
paint ; to represent in picture ; to draw a likeness of. 3. 
Figuratively, to describe ; to represent to the mind or un- 
derstanding ; to exhibit a likeness in words. 

DE-LIN'E-A-TED, pp. Drawn ; marked with lines exhibit- 
ing the form or figure ; sketched ; designed ; painted ; de- 
scribed. 

DE-LIN'E-A-TING, ppr. Drawing the fOrm ; sketching ; 
painting ; describing. 

DE-LIN-E-A'TION, n. [L. delineatio.] 1. First draught of 
a thing ; outUne ; representation of a forih or figure by 
lines ; sketch ; design. 2. Representation in words ; de- 
scription. 

t DE-LIN'E-A-TURE, n. Delineation. 

t DE-LIN'I-MENT, 71. [L. delinimenUin..'] Mitigation. 

DE-LIN'aUEN-CY, n. [L. delinquo.] Failure or omission 
of duty ; a fault ; a misdeed ; and, positively, an offense ; 
a crime. 

DE-LIN'aUENT, a. Failing in duty ; offending by neglect 
of duty. 

DE-Lm'aUENT, 71. One who faik to perform his duty, 
particularly a public officer who neglects his duty ; an of- 
fender ; one who commits a fault or crime. 

DEL'I-aUATE, V. t. or i. [L. deligueo.] To melt or be dis- 
solved. See Deliquesce and Delk^uiate. 

DEL-I-ailA'TION, n. A melting. See Deliquescence 
and Deliquiation. 

DEL-I-aUESCE', (del.e-ques') v. i. [L. deliquesco. See Li- 
quid.] To melt gradually and become liquid by attract- 
ing and absorbing moisture from the air. 

DEL-I-aUES'CENCE, n. Spontaneous liquefaction in the 
air ; a gradual melting or becoming liquid by absorption 
of water from the atmosphere. 

DEL-I-Q,UES'GENT, a. Liquefying m the air ; capable of at- 
tracting moisture from the atmosphere and becoming liquid. 

DE-Lia'UI-ATE, V. i. To melt and become liquid by im- 
bibing water from the air. 

DE-LIQ,-UI-A'TION, n. A melting by attracting water from 
the air. 

DE-Lia'UI-UM, 71. [L.] 1. In chemistry, a melting or 
dissolution in the air, or in a moist place. 2. A liquid 
state. 3. In medicine, a swooning or fainting; called 
also syncope. 

DE-LIRiA-MENT, n. A wandering of the mind ; foolish 
fancy. [Little used.] 

DEL'I-RATE, v. i. [L. deliro.] To dote ; to rave. 

DE-LIR'I-OUS, a. [L. delirus.'] Roving in mind; ]i<Tht- 
headed ; disordered in intellect ; having ideas that \re 
wild, irregular and unconnected. 

DE-LIR'I-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being delirious ■ de- 
Ihium. ' 

DE-LIR'I-UM, 71. [L.] A state in which the ideas of a per- 
son are wild, irregular and unconnected, or do not corre- 
spond with the truth or with external objects ; a roving or 
wandering of the mind ; disorder of the intellect. 



DEL-I-TES'CENCE, n. [L. delitescentii..] Retirement ; oft- 

scurity. Johnson. 

DE-LIT'I-GATE, v. t. [L. delitigo.] To scold ; to chide 
vehemently. Diet. 

DE-LIT-I-Ga'TION, n. A striving ; a chiding. 

DE-LIVER, V. t. [Fr. delivrer.] 1. To free ; to release, as 
from restraint ; to set at liberty. 2. To rescue, or save 
3. To give or transfer ; to put into another's hand or pow- 
er ; to commit ; to pass from one to another, 4. To sur- 
render ; to yield ; to give up ; to resign. 5. To disburden 
of a child. 6. To utter ; to pronounce ; to speak ; to send 
forth in words. 7. To exert in motion ; [not in use.] — To 
deliver to the wind, or cast away; to reject. — To deliver 
over. 1. To transfer ; to give or pass from one to another 

2. To surrender or resign ; to put into another's power ; 
to commit to the discretion of; to abandon to. — To deliver 
up, to give up ; to surrender. 

tDE-LIV'ER, ft. [L. liber.] Free; nimble. Chaucer. 

DE-LI V'ER-A-BLE, a. That may be or is to be delivered. 
Mer. usage. Amer. Review. 

DE-LIV'ER-ANCE, 71. [Fr. delivrance.] 1. Release from 
captivity, slavery, oppression, or any restraint. 2. Res- 
cue from danger or any evil. 3. The act of bringing forth 
cliildren. 4. The act of giving or transferring from one 
to another. 5. The act of speaking or pronouncing ; ut- 
terance. 6. Acquittal of a prisoner by the verdict of a jury. 

DE-LIV'ERED, pp. Freed ; released ; transferred or trans- 
mitted ; passed from one to another ; committed ; yielded • 
surrendered ; rescued ; uttered ; pronounced. 

DE-LIV'ER-ER, n. I. One who delivers; one who re- 
leases or rescues; a preserver. 2. One who relates or 
communicates. 

DE-LIV'ER-ING, ppr. Releasing ; setting free ; rescuing ; 
saving; surrendering; giving over; yielding; resigning 

t DE-LI V'ER-LY,at/». Nimbly. 

DE-LI V'ER-NESS, ft. Agility. 

DE-LIV'ER-Y, 71. 1. The act of delivering. 2. Release , 
rescue, as from slavery, restraint, oppression or danger 

3. Surrender; a giving up. 4. A giving or passing from 
one to another. 5. Utterance ; pronunciation ; or manner 
of speaking. 6. Childbirth. 7. Free motion or use of the 
limbs ; [obs.] Sidney. 

DELL, n. [qu. dale, or W. dell,] A pit, or a hollow place ; 
a cavity or narrow opening. Milton. 

DELPH. See Delf, JVo. 2. 

DELPH'I-A, ) n. A vegetable alkali lately discovered in 

DEL-PHIJN'I-A, \ the Delphinium staphysagria. 

DELPH'I-AN, ) a. [from Delphi.] Relating to Delphi, and 

DELPH'IG, \ to the celebrated oracle of that place. 

DELPH'iNE, a. [L. delphinus.] 1. Pertaining to the dol- 
phin, a genus of fishes. 2. Pertaining to the dauphin of 
France. 

DELPH'IN-lTE, n. A mineral, called also pistoctf e and epi- 
dote. 

DEL'TOID, 71. [Gr. h\ra, the letter A, and £j5o?.] 1. Re- 
sembling the Greek A ; triangular ; an epithet applied to a 
muscle of the shoulder. Coze. — 2. In botany, shapeA some- 
what like a delta or rhomb. 

DE-LuD'A-BLE, a. That may be deluded or deceived ; lia- 
ble to be imposed on. Brown. 

DE-LuDE', 7). t. [L. deludo.] 1. To deceive; to impose 
on ; to lead from truth or into error ; to mislead the mind 
or judgment ; to beguile. 2. To frustrate or disappoint. 

DE-LuD'ED, pp. Deceived ; misled ; led into error. 

DE-LtJD'ER, n. One who deceives ; a deceiver ; an impos- 
tor ;_one who holds out false pretenses. 

DE-LuD'ING, ppr. Deceiving ; leading astray ; misleading 
the opinion or judgment. 

DE-LtJD'ING, n. The act of deceiving ; falsehood. 

DEL'UGE, 71. [Fr. deluge.] 1. Any overflowing of water ; 
an inundation ; a flood ; a swell of water over the natural 
banks of a river or shore of the ocean, spreading over the 
adjacent land. But appropriately, the great flood or over- 
flowing of the earth by water, in the days of NoEih. 2. A 
sweeping or overwhelming calamity. 

DEL U6E, v.t. 1. To overflow with water ; to inundate ; 
to drown. 2. To overwhelm ; to cover with any flowing 
or moving, spreading body. 3. To overwhelm ; to cause 
to sink under the weight of a general or spreading calamity 

DEL'UGE, V. i. To become a deluge. 

DEL'UGED, pp. Overflowed ; inundated ; overwhelmed. 

DEL'U-GING, ppr. Overflowing ; inundating ; overwhelm 
ing._ 

DE-LU'SION, n. [L. delusio.] 1. The act of deluding ; de- 
ception ; a misleading of the mind. 2. False representa- 
tion ; illusion ; error or mistake proceeding from false 
views. 

DE-Lu'SIVE, a. Apt to deceive; tending to mislead the 
mind ; deceptive ; beguiling. 

DE-LtJ'SIVE-NESS, n. The quality of being delusive ; ten 
deacy to deceive. 

DE-Lu'SO-RY, a. Apt to deceive ; deceptive. 

DELVE, (delv) v. t. [Sax. delfan.] 1. To dig ; to open the 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ,— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— ♦ Obsolete 



DEM 



233 



DEM 



ground with a spade. 2. To fathom ; to sound j to pen- 
etrate ; [not wsed.] 

OELVE, (delv) n. A place dug j a pit j a pit-fall ; a ditch ; a 
den 3 a cave ; [o6s.] Spenser. — Delve of coals, a quantity 
of fossil coals dug. [JVot used, or local.] 

DELV'ER, n. One who digs, as with a spade. 

DELVING, ;?pr. Digging. 

DEM^A-GOGUE, (dem'a-gog) n. [Gr. Sijixaywyog.] 1. A 
leader of the people ; an orator who pleases the populace, 
and influences them to adhere to him. 2. Any leader of 
the populace ; any factious man who has great influence 
withthe great body of people in a city or community. 

DE-MaIN', n. Written also demesne and demean. [Norm. 
demainer.] 1. A manor-lwuse and the land adjacent or 
near, whicli a lord keeps in his own hands or immediate 
occupation. 2. Estate in lands. Shak. 

DE-MaND', v. t. [Fr. demaiider.] 1. To ask or call for, as 
one who has a claim or right to receive what is sought ; to 
claim or seek as due by right. 2. To ask by authority ; 
to require ; to seek or claim an answer by virtue of a right 
in the interrogator. 3. To require as necessary or useful. 
4. To ask ; to question ; to inquire. 5. To ask or require, 
as a seller of goods. 6. To sue for j to seek to obtain by 
legal process. 

DE-MAND', n. 1. An asking for or claim made by virtue 
of a right, or supposed right, to the thing sought ; an asking 
with authority ; a challenging as due. 2. The asking or 
requiring of a price for goods offered for sale. 3. That 
which is or may be claimed as due ; debt. 4. The calling 
for in order to purchase 5 desire to possess. 5. A desire 
or a seeking to obtain. — 6. In law, the askinjr or seeking 
for what is due, or claimed as due, either expressly, by 
words, or by implication, as by seizure of goods, or entry 
into lands, 

DE-MAND'A-BLE, a. That may be, demanded, claimed, 
asked for, or required. 

DE^MAND'ANT, n. One who demands ; the plaintiff" in a 
real action ; any plaintiff". 

DE-MaND'ED, pp. Called for ; claimed ; challenged as 
d«e ; requested ; required ; interrogated. 

DE-MAND'ER, n. One who demands ; one who requires 
with authority ; one who claims as due 3 one who asks 3 
one who seeks to obtain. 

DE-MAND'ING, ppr. Claiming or calling for as due, or by 
authority 5 requiring 5 asking 3 pursuing a claim by legal 
process ; interrogating. 

DE-MAND'RESS, n. A female demandant. 

t DE-MARCH', n. [Fr. demarche.] March 5 walk ; gait. 

DE-MAR-Ka'TION, n. [Sp. demarcacion.] 1. TJie act of 
marking, or of ascertaining and setting a limit. 2. A lim- 
it or bound ascertained and fixed ; line of separation 
marked or determined. 

DE-MeAN', v. t. [Fr. demener.] 1. To behave 3 to carry 5 
to conduct 5 with the reciprocal pronoun. 2. To treat. 
Spenser. 

IDE-MeAN', v. t. To debase 5 to undervalue. Shak. 

fDE-MEAN', 7z. 1. Behavior 3 carriage 3 demeanor. Spen- 
ser. 2. Mien. Ibm. 

DE-MeAN'. See Demain. 

DE-MeAN'OR, n. Beliavior 5 carriage 3 deportment. 

fDE-MEAN'URE, 71. Behavior. 

f De'MEN-CY, 71. [L. dementia.] Madness. Skelton. 

DE-MEN'TATE, a. Mad 5 infatuated. Hammond. 

DE-MEN'TATE, v. t. [L. demento.] To make mad. Bur- 
ton. 

DE-MEN-Ta'TION, 71. The act of making frantic. Whitlock. 

DE-MEPH-I-TI-Za'TION, 71. The act of purifying from 
mephitic or foul air. 

DE-MEPH'I-TlZE, v. t. To purify from foul, unwholesome 
air. 

DE-MEPH'I-TiZED, pp. Purified 3 freed from foul air. 

DE-MEPH'I-Tl-ZING, ppr. Purifying from foul ah. 

DE-MER'IT, 71. [Fr. demerite.] 1. That which deserves 
punishment ; the opposite of merit ; an ill-deserving ; that 
which is blamable or punishable in moral conduct 3 vice or 
crime. 2. Anciently, merit; desert 5 in a good sense. 
Shak. 

tDE-MER'IT, V. t. To deserve blame or punishment. 

DE-MERS'ED, a. [L. demersus.] Plunged 3 situated or 
growing under water. 

DE-MER'SION, n. [L. demersio.] 1. A plunging into a 
fluid 3 a drowning.' 2. The state of being overwhelmed 
in water or earth. 3. The putting of a medicine in a dis- 
solving liquor. 

DE-MeSNE', (de-meen') See Demain. 

DEMI, a prefix, Fr. demi, from the L. dimidium, signifies 
half. It is used only in composition. 

DEM'i-BRI-GaDE', n. A half-brigade. 

DEM'I-Ca'DENCE, n. In music, an imperfect cadence, or 
one that falls on any other than the key note 

DEM'I-CAN'NON, n. A cannon of different sizes 3 the low- 
est carries a ball of 30 pounds weight, and 6 inches diam- 
eter 3 the ordinary is 12 feet long, and carries a shot of 6 
inches and one-sixth diameter, and 32 pounds weight 3 



that of the greatest size is 12 feet long, and carries a ball 
of 6 inches and five-eighths diameter, and 36 pounds 
weight. Diet. 

DEM'l-CROSS, 71. An instrument for taking the altitude of 
the sun and stars. 

DEM'I-eUL'VER-IN, n. A large gun or piece of ordnance ; 
the least is 10 feet long, and carries a ball of 9 pounds 
weight and 4 inches diameter 3 that of ordinary size car- 
ries a ball of 4 inches and two-eighths diameter, and 10 
pounds 11 ounces in weight 3 the largest size is 10 feet 
and a third in length, and carries a ball 4 inches and a 
half in diameter, and of 12 pounds 11 ounces in weight 

DEM'I-DEV'IL, n. Haifa devil. Shak. 

DEM'i-DIS'TANCE, n. In fortification, the distance be- 
tween the outward polygons and the flank. 

DEM'l-Dl'TONE, n. In music, a minor third. Busby. 

DEM'i-GOD, 71. Half a god 3 one partaking of the divine 
nature. Pope. 

DEM'I-GORGE, n. In fortification, that part of the polygon 
which remauis after the flank is raised, and goes from the 
curtain to the angle of the polygon. 

DEM'l-GROAT, 71. A half-groat. Shenstone. 

DEM'i-L ANCE, n. A light lance 3 a half-pike. 

DEM'i-LUNE, 71. A half-moon. 

DEM'I-MAN, n. Haifa man 5 a term of reproach. 

DEM'i-Na-TURED, a. Having half the nature of another 
animal. Shak. 

DEM'I-PREM'I-SES, 71. plu. Half-premises. Hooker. 

DEM'i-aUA-VER, 71. A note in music, of half the length 
of the quaver. 

DEM'i-REP, n. A woman of suspicious chastity. [Demi- 
reputation.] 

DEM'i-SEM'i-aUA'VER, n. The shortest note in music, 
two of which are equal to a semi-quaver. 

DEM'i-TONE, 71. In music, an interval of half a tone 5 a 
semi-tone. 

DEM'I-VILL, 71. A half-vill, consisting of five freemen or 
frank pledges. Blackstone. 

DEM'i-VOLT, 71. One of the seven artificial motions of a 
horse, in which he raises his fore legs in a particular man- 
lier. 

DEM'l-WoLF, n. Half a wolf 3 a mongrel dog, between a 
dog and a wolf 3 lycisca. Shak. 

DEM'I-JOHN, 74. A large glass vessel or bottle. 

t DEM'I-GRATE, DEM-I-GRa'T10N. See Migrate. 

DE-MiS'A-BLE, a. That may be leased. 

DE-MiSE', n. [Fr. demis, demise.] 1. In England, a lay- 
ing down or removal, applied to the crown or royal au- 
thority. The demise of the crown is a transfer of the 
crown, royal authority or kingdom, to a successor. Black- 
stone. 2. A conveyance or transfer of an estate, by lease 
or will. — Demise and redemise, a conveyance where there 
are mutual leases made from one to another of the same 
land_, or something out of it. 

DE-MiSE', v.t. 1. To transfer or convey 5 to lease. 2, 
To bequeath 3 to grant by will. Swift. 

DE-MIS'SION, 72. A lowering 3 degradation 3 depression 
L^ Estrange. 

DE-MISS'IVE, or DE-MISS', a. Humble. [Little used.j 
Shenstone. 

t DE-MISS'LY, adv. In a humble manner. Sherwood. 

DE-MIS'SO-RY. SceDiMissoRY. 

t DE-MIT', z). t. [h. demitto.] To let fall 3 to depress 3 to 
submit. 

DEM'I-URGE, n. [Gr. Stjixiovypoi.] In the mythology of 
Eastern philosophers, an eon employed in the creation 
of the world 3 a subordinate workman. 

DEM-I-URG'I€, a. Pertaining to a demiurge, or to creative 
power. 

DE-M0€'RA-CY, n. [Gr. SrjuoKparia.] Government by the 
people 5 a form of government in which the supreme 
power is lodged in the hands of the people collectively, or 
in which the people exercise the powers of legislation . 

DEM'0-€RAT, n. One who adheres to a government by 
the people, or favors the extension of the right of suffrage 
to all classes of men. 

DEM-0-€RAT I€, ) a. Popular 3 pertaining to democ- 

DEM-O-CRAT'I-CAL, \ racy or government by the peo- 
ple. 

DEM-0-€RAT'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a democratical manner 
Sidney. 

DE-MO€'RA-TIST, n. The same as democrat. 

DE-MOORA-TY, n. Democracy. Burton. 

DE-MOL'ISH, V. t. [Fr. demolir.] To throw or pull down 
to raze 3 to destroy, as a heap or structure 3 to separate 
any collected mass, or the connected parts of a thing 3 to 
ruin. 

DE-MOL'ISHED, pp. Pulled down 3 thrown down 3 razed 3 
destroyed, as a fabric or structure. 

DE-MOL'ISH-ER, 71. One who pulls or throws down 5 one 
who destroys or lays waste. 

DE-MOL'ISH-ING, ppr. Pulling or throwing down 3 de- 
stroying. 

DE-MOL'ISH-MENT, n. Ruin 5 overthrow. Beaumont. 



* Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE 5— BULL, UNITE.— C as K 3 G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH 3 TH as m this, f Ohsvlcle 



DEM 



234 



DEN 



DEM-0-Ll''T10N, n. The act of overthrowing, pull- 
ing down or destroying a pile or structure ; ruin ; de- 
struction. 

De'MON, n. [L. dcBmon.'] A spirit, or immaterial being, 
holding a middle place between men and the celesiiai dei- 
ties of the pagans. An evil spirit or genius, which is sup- 
posed to influence the conduct or direct the fortunes cf 
mankind. 

De'MON-ESS, 71. A female demon. Mede. 

DE-Mo'NI-A€, DE-MO-Nl'A-€AL, or DE-MC Nl AN, a. 
1. Pertaining to demons or evil spirits. 2. Influenced by 
demons ; produced by demons or evil spirits. 

DE-Mo'NI-A€, n. A human being possessed by a demon 

l)E-Mo'NI-A€S, n. In church history, a branch of the Ana- 
baptists, whose distinguishing tenet is, that at the end of 
the wor d the devil will be saved. 

DE-MON-0€'RA-CY, n. [Gr. Saiuwv and Kpareo).] The 
power or government of demons. 

DE-MON-OL'A-TRY, n. [Gr. Saiiiwv and Xarpsia.] The 
worship of demons, or of evil spirits. 

D£-M0N-0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. ^at/zcov and Xoyos.] A discourse 
on demons ; a treatise on evil spirits. 

DE-MON'0-MIST, n. [Gr. Saifiiov and vofiog.] One that 
lives in subjection to the devil, or to evil spirits. 

DE-JMON'O-MY, ji. The dominion of demons, or of evil 
spirits. Herbert. 

DE MON-SHIP, n. The state of a demon. Mede. 

DE-MON'STRA-BLE, a. That may be demonstrated ; that 
may be proved beyond doubt or contradiction ; capable 
of being shown by certain evidence, or by evidence that 
admits of no doubt. 

DE-MON'STRA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being de- 
monstrable 

DE-MON'STRA-BLY, adv. In a manner to preclude doubt ; 
beyond the possibility of contradiction. 

* DEM'ON-STRATE, or DE-MON'STRATE, v. t. [L. 
di'nonstro.] 1. To prove beyond the possibility of doubt j 
to pi-cve in such a manner as to reduce the contrary posi- 
tion to evident absurdity. — 2. In anatomy, to exhibit the 
parts wlien dissected. 

+ i)EM'ON-STRA-TED, pp. Proved beyond the possibility 
of doubt ; rendered certain to the mind. 

*DEM'ON-STRA-TING, ppr. Proving to be certain; evinc- 
ing beyond the possibility of doubt. 

DE.M-ON-STRaTION, 7!. 1. The act of demonstrating, or 
of exhibiting certain proof. 2. The highest degree ofevi- 
dence ; certain proof exhibited, or sucli proof as estab- 
lishes a fact or proposition beyond a possibility of doubt, 
or as shows the contrary position to be absurd or im- 
possible. 3. Indubitable evidence of the senses, or of 
reason ; evidence which satisfies the mind of the certain- 
ty of a fact or proposition, — 4. In logic, a series of syllo- 
gisms, all whose premises are either definitions, "self- 
evident truths, or propositions already established. 5. 
?how ; exhibition, — 6. In anatomy, the exhibition of parts 
dissected. 

DE-MONSTRA-TiVE, a. 1, Showing or proving by certain 
evidence ; having the power of demonstration ; invincibly 
conclusive. 2. Having the power of showing with clear- 
ness and certainty. 

DE-!«ON'STRA-TlVE-LY, adv. With certain evidence ; 
with proof which cannot be questioned ; certainly ; clear- 
ly ; convincingly. 

* DEM'ON-STRA-TOR, n. 1, One who demonstrates •, one 
who proves any thing with certainty, or with indubitable 
evidence, — 2. In anatomy, one who exhibits the parts 
wlien dissected. 

DE-MON'STRA-TO-RY, a. Tending to demonstrate ; hav- 
ing a tendency to prove beyond a possibility of doubt, 

DE-JSIOR-AL-I-Za'TION, n. The act of subverting or cor- 
rupting morals ; destruction of moral principles, 

DE-lMOR'AL-iZE, v. t. To corrupt or undermine the morals 
of; to destroy or lessen the effect of moral principles on 3 
to render corrupt in morals. Orattan. 

DE-MOR'AL-iZED, pp. CoiTupted in morals. 

DE-MOR'AL-iZ-ING, ppr. 1. Corrupting or destroying 
morals or moral principles. 2. a. Tending to destroy 
mornls or moral principles, 

DE-MULCE', (de-muls') v. t. [L, demulceo.] To sooth ; 
to soften or pacify. 

DE-MUL'CENT,a. [L.dewiziZceTis,] Softening; mollifying; 
lenient, 

DE-?.l UL'CEXT, 71. Any medicine which lessens acrimo- 
ny, or the effects of stimulus on the solids ; that which 
softens or mollifies ; as gums, roots of marsh-mallows, and 
other mucilaginous substances, 

DE-MUR', V. i. [Fr. demcurer.] 1. To stop ; to pause; to 
hesitate ; to suspend proceeding ; to delay determination 
or conclusion, — 2. In law, to stop at any point in the 
pleadings, and rest or abide on that point in law for a de- 
cision of the cause, 

DE-MUR', V. t. To doubt of. [JVot legitimate.'] Milton. 



Ar^ 

bs or 



DE-MUR', n. Stop ; pause ; hesitation as to the propriety 
of proceeding ; suspense of proceeding or decision. 

DE-MuRE', a. Sober ; gmve ; modest ; downcast. Bacon. 

fDE-MuRE', v.i. To look with a grave countenance 
Shak. 

DE-MuRE'LY, adv. With a grave, solemn countenance • 
with a fixed look ; with a solemn gravity, 

DE-MuRE'NESS, n. Gravity of countenance ; soberness ; a 
modest look, Sidney. 

DE-MUR'RAGE, 71. An allowance made to the master of a 
trading vessel, for delay or detention in port beyond the 
appointed time of departure. 

DE-MUR'RER, n. 1. One who demurs.— 2, In law, a stop 
at some point in the pleadings, and a restmg of the decision 
of the cause on that point ; an issue on matter of law. 

DE-MUR'RING, ppr. Stopping ; pausing ; suspending pro- 
ceedings or decision ; resting or abidiiig on a point in 
law._ 

DE-MY', 71. [Fr. <femi,] 1 A particular size of paper ; a kind 
of paper of small size, 2. A half fellow at Magdalen col 
lege, Oxford, 

DEI\, 71, [Sax. den, dene, denn.'] 1. A cave or hollow place 
in the eartii ; usually applied to a cave, pit, or subterrane 
ous recess, used for concealment, shelter, protection or se 
curity. 2. As a termination, in names of places, it denotes 
the place to be in a valley or near a wood. 

DEN, V. i. To dwell as in a den. 

DE-NAR'€0T-iZE,7).f, To deprive of narcotuie ; to deprive 
of the narcotic principle or quality, Journ. of Science. 

DEN'A-RY, a. [L, denarius.'] Containing ten. 

DEN'A-RY, n. The number ten. Digby. 

*DE-NA'TiON-AL-TZE, v. t. To divest of national charac- 
ter or rights, by transferrence to the service of another 
nation. See National. 

t DE-NaY', 71. Denial ; refusal. Shak. 

t DE-Na Y', V. t. To deny, Spenser. 

DEN'DRA-CHATE, n. [Gr. devSpov and axarns.] A 
rescent agate ; agate containing tiie figures of shrul 
parts of plants. 

DEN'DRTTE, n. [Gr. ^evhpiTis.] A stone or mineral on or 
in which are the figures of shrubs or trees ; an arborescent 
mineral, 

DEN-DRIT'I€, ) a. Containing tlie figures of shrubs or 

DEN-DRIT'I-€AL, \ trees. 

DEN'DROID, a. [Gr, 6evhpov and eibos.] Resemblmg a 
shrub. 

DEN'DROIT, n. A fossil wliich has some resemblance in 
form to the branch of a tree. 

DEN'DRO-LlTE, n. [Gr, hvhpov and Xifioj,] A petrified or 
fossil shrub, plant, or part of a plant. 

DEN-DR0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. hvhpov and Xoyof .] A discourse 
or treatise on trees ; the natural history of trees. 

DEN-DROM'E-TER, n. [Gr, hv^pov and /ierpew.] An in- 
strument to measure the height and diameter of trees. 

t DEN'E-GATE, v. t. [L. denego.] To deny. 

t DEN-E-Ga'TION, n. Denial. 

DE-Ni'A-BLE, a. That may be denied, or contradicted, 

DE-Nl'AL, n. 1. An aflirmation to the contrary ; an asser- 
tion that a declaration or fact stated is not true ; negation ; 
contradiction, 2, Re&sal to grant ; the negation of a 
request or petition, 3, A rejection, or refusing to ac- 
knowledge ; a diso%vning, — 4. A denial of one's self, is a 
declining of some gratification ; restraint of one's appe- 
tites^ or propensities, 

DE-Nl'ER, 71. One who denies, or contradicts ; one who re- 
fuses, or rejects ; a disowner ; one who does not own, 
avovv_or acknowledge, 

DE-NIeR', 7t, [Fr.] A small denomination of French money, 
the twelfth part of a sol ; a small copper coin. 

*DEN'I-GRATE, v.t. [Ij. denigro.] To blacken 3 to make 
black. Boyle. 

DEN-I-GRa'TION, 71, The act of making black ; a black- 
ening. 

DEN'I-SON, n. The same as Denizen, 

tDEN-I-TRA'TION, 71, A disengaging of nitric acid, 

DEN-I-Za'TION, 71, The act of making one a denizen, sub- 
ject or citizen. 

DEN'I-ZEN, (den'e-zn) n. [W. dinastcr.] 1, In England, 
an alien who is made a subject by the king's letters pa- 
tent, holding a middle state between an alien and a nat 
ural born subject. 2. A stranger admitted to residence 
and certain rights in a foreign country. 3, A citizen, 

DEN'I-ZEN, V. t. To make a denizen ; to admit to resi- 
dence with certain rights and privileges ; to infranchise. 

DE-NOM'I-NA-BLE, a. That may be denominated, or 
named. Broion. 

DE-NOM'I-NATE, v. t. [L. denomino.] To name ; to give 
a name or epithet to. 

DE-NOM'I-NA-TED, pp. Named ; called. 

DE-NOM'I-NA-TING, ppr. Naming. 

DE-NOM-I-Na'TION, 71. 1. The act of naming. 2. A name 
or appellation ; a vocal sound, customarily used to express 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, V, % long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;—PR£Y ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— t Obsolete. 



DEN 



235 



DEP 



a thing or a quality, in discourse. 3. A class, society or 
collection of individuals, called by the same name. 

DE-NOM I-NA-TiVE, a. That gives a name 5 that confers 
a distinct appellation. 

UE^NOM'I-NA-TOR, n. 1. He that gives a name. 2. In 
arithmetic, that nimiber placed below the line in vulgar 
fractions, which shows into how many parts the integer 
is divided 

DE-NoT' A-BLE, a. That may be denoted or marked. 

DEN'O-TATE. See Denote. 

DEN-0-Ta'TION, n. \1,. denotatio.] The act of denoting. 
Hammond. 

DE-NoT'A-TlVE, a. Having power to denote. 

DE-NoTE', v. t. [L. denoto.] 1. I0 mark ; to signify by a 
visible sign ; to indicate ; to express. 2. To show 5 to 
betoken ; to indicate. 

DE-NoT'ED, pp. Marked ; signified ; indicated. 

DE-NoTE'MENT, n. Sign ; indication. Shak. 

DE-NoT'ING, ppr. Marking ; expressing ; indicating. 

DE-NOUE-MENT, (de-noo'mong') n. [Ft.] The unraveling 
or discovery of a plot. [JVot Eng-lish.] Warton. 

DE-NOUiVCE'', (de-nouns') v. t. [Fr. denoncer.] 1. To de- 
clare solemnly ; to proclaim in a threatening manner 5 to 
announce or declare, as a threat. 2. To threaten by some 
outward sign or expression. 3. To inform against ; to 
accuse. 

DE-NOUN'CED, (de-nounsf) pp. 1. Threatened by open 
declaration. 2. Accused ; proclaimed. 

DE-NOUNCE'MENT, (de-nouns'ment) n. The declaration 
of a menace, or of evil ; denunciation. 

DE-NOUN'CER, n. One who denounces, or declares a 
menace. 

DE-NOUN'CING, ppr. Declaring, as a threat ; threatening ; 
accusing. 

DENSE, (dens) a. [L. densus ; Fr. dense.] 1. Close ; com- 
pact ; having its constituent parts closely united ; applied 
to solids or fluids. 2. Thick. 

DENSE'NESS, (dens'nes) n. The same as density. 

DENS'I-TY, n. [L. densitas.] I. Closeness of constituent 
parts ; compactness. 2. Thickness. 

DENT, n. ]. Literally, a tooth or projecting point. But it 
is used to express a gap or notch, or rather a depression 
or small hollow in a solid body ; a hollow made by the 
pressure of a harder body on a softer ; indentation. In 
this sense, it is in customary use in the United States. 
2. A stroke. Spenser. 

DENT, V. t. To make a dent or small hollow. See Indent. 

DEN'TAL, a. [L. dentalis.] Pertaining to the teeth.— In 
grammar, formed or pronounced by the teeth, with the 
aid of the tongue. 

DEN'TAL, n. 1. An articulation or letter formed by placing 
the end of the tongue against the upper teeth, or against 
the gum that covers the root of the upper teeth. 2. A 
genus of sliell-fish, dentalium, of several species. 

DEN'TA-LiTE, n. A fossil shell of the genus dentalium. 

DEN'TATE, ) a. [L. dentatus.] Toothed ; notched. In 

DEN'TA-TED, ) botany, a dentated root is one that con- 
sists of a concatenation of joints, resembling a necklace. 
A dentate leaf is one that has horizontal points, with a 
space between each, or points in the plane of the disk, or 
having points like teeth on the margin. 

DEN TA-TO-SIN'U-ATE, a. Having points like teeth, 
with hollows about the edge. 

DENT'ED, a. Indented ; impressed with little hollows. 

DEN-TEL'Ll, n. [It. dentello.] Modillions. Spectator. 

DEN'TI-€LE, n. [L. denticuliis.] A small tooth or project- 
ing point. Lee. 

DEN-TI€'U-LATE, ) a. [L. dentimlatus.] Having small 

DEN-TI€'U-LA-TED, ] teeth or notches. 

DEN-TIC-U-La'TION, n. The state of being set with small 
teeth, or prominences or points, resembling the teeth of a 
saw. 

DEN'TI-FORM, a. [L. dens and forma.] Having the form 
of a tooth. Kirwan. 

DEN'Tl-FRlCE, n. [Fr.] A powder or other substance to 
be used in cleaning the teeth. 

DEN'TIL, n. [L. dens.] In architecture, an ornament in 
cornices bearing some resemblance to teeth ; used particu- 
larly in the Ionic and Corinthian orders. 

DEN'TIST, n. One whose occupation is to clean and ex- 
tract teeth, or repair the loss of them. 

DEN-TI 'TION, 71. [L. dentitio.] 1. The breeding or cutting 
of teeth in infancy. 2. The tune of breeding teeth. 

DEN'TiZE, V. t. To renew the teeth, or have them re- 
newed. 

DEN'TOID, a. [L. dens, and Gr. £t(5off.] Having the form 
of teeth. Barton. 

DE-Nu'DATE, ) v. t. [L. denudo.] To strip ; to divest of 

DE-NuDE', \ all covering ; to make bare or naked. 

DEN-U-Da'TION, n. 1. The act of stripping off covering ; 
a making bare. — 2. In geology, the act of washing away 
the surface of the earth by the deluge or other flood. 

DE-NuD'ED, p;?. Stripped ; divested of covering ; laid bare. 

DE-NCD'ING, pjjr. Stripping off" covering 3 making bare. 



DE-NUN CIATE, v. t. [L. denmicio.] To denounce, which 
see. 

DE-NUN-CI-A'TION, n. [L. denunciatio.] I . Publication ; 
proclamation ; annunciation ; preaching. 2. Solemn or 
formal declaration, accompanied with a menace ; or the 
declaration of intended evil j proclamation of a threat 5 a 
public menace. 

DE-NUN-CI-A'TOR, n. 1. He that denounces ; one who 
publishes or proclauns, especially intended evil ; one who 
threatens. 2. An accuser 5 one who informs against 
another. 

DE-NY', v.t. [Fr. denier.] 1. To contradict ; to gainsay ; to 
declare a statement or position not to be true. 2. To 
refuse to grant. 3. Not to afford; to withhold. 4. To 
disown ; to refuse or neglect to acknowledge ; not to con- 
fess. 5. To reject ; to disown; not to receive or embrace. 
6. Not to afford or yield. — To deny one's self, is to decline 
the gratification of appetites or desires ; to refrain from 
to abstain. 

DE-OB-STRUt3T', v. t. [L. de and obstruo.] To remove ob- 
structions, or impediments to a passage ; to clear from any 
thing that hinders the passage of fluids in the proper ducts 
of the body. 

DE-OB-STRUCT'ED, ^. Cleared of obstructions ; opened. 

DE-OB-STRU€T'ING, ppr. Removing impediments to a 
passage. 

DE-OB'STRU-ENT, a. Removing obstructions ; having 
power to clear or open the natural ducts of the fluids and 
secretions of the body ; resolving viscidities ; aperient. 

DE-OB'STRU-ENT, n. Any medicine which removes ob- 
structions, and opens the natural passages of the fluids of 
the body, as the pores and lacteal vessels ; an aperient. 

DE'O-DAND, ?(. [L. Deo dandus.] In England, a personal 
chattel which is the immediate occasion of the death of a 
rational creature, and, for that reason, given to God, that 
is, forfeited to the king, to be applied to pious uses, and- 
distributed in alms by his high almoner. Blackstone. 

t DE-ON'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. deonero.] To unload. 

DE-OP'PI-LATE, V. t. [L. de and oppilo.] To free from ob 
structions ; to clear a passage. [Little used.] 

DE-OP-PI-La'TION, n. The removal of obstructions. [Lit- 
tle 2ised.] Brown. 

DE-OP'PI-LA-TtVE, a. Deobstruent ; aperient. Harvey. 

t DE-OR-DI-Na'TION, n. [L. de and ordinatio.] Disorder 
Rawley. 

t DE-aS'CU-LATE, v. t. [L. deosculor.] To kiss. 

t DE-OS-€U-La'TION, 71. A kissing. Stilling fleet. 

DE-OX'Y-DATE, v. t. [de and oxydate.] To deprive of oxy- 
gen, or reduce from the state of an oxyd. 

DE-OX'Y-DA-TED, pp. Reduced from the state of an ox^^d. 

DE-OX'Y-DA-TING, ppr. Reducing from the state of an 
oxyd. 

DE-OX-Y-Da'TION, n. The act or process of reducing from 
the state of an oxyd. 

DE-OX- Y-DI-Za'TION, n. Deoxydation. 

DE-OX'Y-DiZE, fc. t. To deoxydate. 

DE-OX'Y-DlZED, pp. Deoxy dated. 

DE-OX'Y-DlZ-ING, ppr. Deoxydating. 

DE-OX'Y-6EN-ATE, v. t. To deprive of oxygen. Daw. 

DE-OX'Y-GEN-A-TED, |?;7. Deprived of oxygen. 

DE-OX'Y-6EN-A-TING, ppr. Depriving of oxygen. 

DE-OX-Y-6EN-A'TION, n. The act or operation of depriv- 
ing of oxvgeui 

DE-PaINT', v. t. [Fr. depeindre, depeint.] 1. To paint ; to 
picture ; to represent in colors, as by painting the resem- 
blance of. Spenser. 2. To describe in words. Gay. 

DE-PaINT'ED, pp. Painted ; represented in colors ; de- 
scribed. 

DE-PaINT'ER, 71. A painter. Douglas. 

DE-PaINT'ING , ppr. Painting ; representing in colors 
describing. 

DE-PART', V. i. [Fr. departir.] 1. To go or move from. 

2. To go from ; to leave , to desist, as from a practice. 

3. To leave ; to deviate from ; to forsake ; not to adhere 
to or follow. 4. To desist ; to leave ; to abandon. 5. To 
be lost ; to perish ; to vanish. 6. To die ; to decease ; to 
leave this world. — To depart this life, is elliptical, from. 
being understood. 7. To leave ; to forsake ; to abandon 
8. To cease. 9. To deviate : to vary from. 10. To vary; 
to deviate from the title or defense in pleading. 11. To 
part with ; [not in use.] Shak. — To depart from God, is to 
forsake his service, and live in sin ; to apostatize ; to re- 
volt ; to desert his government and laws. — God departs 
from men, when he abandons them to their own sinful in- 
clinations. 

t DE-PART', V. t. To divide or separate ; to part. Shak- 

t DE-PART', n. 1. The act of going away; death. Shak. 
2. Division ; separation. Bacon. 

fDE-PART'ER, n. One who refines metals by separation. 

DE-PART'ING, ppr. Going from; leaving; desistiug; for- 
saking; vanishing; dying. 

DE-PART'ING, 71. A going away ; separation. Shak. 

DE-PART'MENT, n. [Fr. departement.] 1. Literally, a 
separation or division ; hence, a separate part, or portion , 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z j CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



DEP 



236 



DEP 



a division of territory. 2 A separate allotment or part of 
business ; a distinct province, in which a class of duties 
are allotted to a particular person. 3. A separate sta- 
tion. 

DE-PART-MENT'AL, a. Pertaining to a department, or 
division. 

DE-PART'URE, n. 1. The act of going away ; a moving 
from or leaving a place. 2. Death ; decease ; removal 
from the present life. 3. A forsaking ; abandonment. 4, 
A desisting. 5. Ruin ; destruction. 6. A deviation from 
the title or defense in pleading. — 7. In navigation, the 
distance of two places on tlie same parallel, counted in 
miles of the equator. 

DE-PAS'CENT, a. [L. depascens.] Feeding. 

DE-PAST'URE, v. t. [L. depascor.] To eat up , to con- 
sume. Spenser. 

DE-PAST'URE, v. i. To feed ; to graze. Blackstone. 

DE-PAST'U-RING, ppr. Feeding ; grazing ; eating up. 

DE-PAU'PER-ATE, v. t. [L. depaupero.] To make poor ; 
to impoverish ; to deprive of fertility or richness. Arbuth- 
not. 

DE-PAU'PER-A-TED, pp. Impoverished ; made poor. 

DE-PAU'PER-A-TING, ppr. Impoverishuig ; making poor. 

t D£-PE€'TI-BLE, a. [L. depecto.] Tough ; thick. 

DE-PEe-U-LA'TION, w. [1.. depeculatio.] A robbing of the 
commonwealth. Cockeram. 

t DE-PEIN€T', (de-paiif) v. t. [L. depingo.] To paint. 

DE-PEND', v.i. [L. dependeo.] 1. To hang ; to be sustained 
bv being fastened or attached to something above. 2. To 
be connected with any thing, as the cause of its existence 
or of its operation and effects ; to rely on ; to have such 
connection with any thing as a cause, that, without it, 
tlie effect would not be produced. 3. To adhere; to 
hold to ; to be retained. 4. To be in suspense ; to be ua- 
determined. 5. To rely ; to rest with confidence ; to 
trust; to confide; to have full confidence or belief.— To 
depend on or upon, to rely ; to trust in, with confidence. 

fDE-PEND'A-BLE, a. That may be depended on. Pope. 

DE-PEND'ENCE, n. 1. A state of hanging down from a 

DE-PEND'EN-CY, \ supporter. 2. Any thing hanging 
down ; a series of things hanging to another. 3. Concat- 
enation ; connection by which one thing is sustained by 
another, in its place, operations or effects, or is affected 
by it. 4. A state of being at the disposal of another ; a 
state of being subject to the will of an intelligent cause, or 
to the power and operation of any other cause ; inability 
to sustain itself without the aid of. 5. Reliance ; confi- 
dence ; trust ; a resting on. 6. Accident ; that of which 
the existence presupposes the existence of something else ; 
that which pertains to something else. 7. That which is 
attached to, but subordinate to something else. 8. A ter- 
ritory remote from the kingdom or state to which it be- 
longs, but subject to its dominion. 

DE-PEND'ENT, a. 1. Hanging down, 2. Subject to the 
power of; at the disposal of; not able to exist or sustain 
itself without the will or power of. 3. Relying on for 
support or favor ; unable to subsist or to perform any thing, 
without the aid of. 

DE-PEND'ENT, n. One who is at the disposal of another ; 
one who is sustained by anotlier, or who relies on another 
for support or favor ; a retainer. 

DE-PEND'ER, n. One who depends ; a dependent. 

DE-PEND'ING, ppr. 1. Hanging down ; relying. 2. a. 
Pending; undecided. 

DE-PER'DIT, a. [L. deperditus.] That which is lost cr de- 
stroyed. Paley. 

DEP-ER-Di"TION, n. Loss ; destruction. Broton. 

DE-PER DIT-LY, adv. In a lost or ruined manner. 

DE-PHLEG'MATE, v. t. {de, and Gr. (fXeyfia.'] To deprive 
of superabundant water, as by evaporation or distillation ; 
to clear spirit or acids of aqueous matter ; to rectify. [X)e- 
phleirm is used by Boyle.} 
DEPH-LEG-Ma'TION, 71. The operation of separating wa- 
ter from spirits and acids, by evaporation or repeated dis- 
tillation. 
\ DE-PHLEGM'ED-NESS, (de-flem'ed-nes) n A state of 

being freed from water. Boyle. 
DEPH-LO-GIS TI-€ATE, v. t. [de, and Gr. ^Xoytffrof .] To 
deprive of phlogiston, or the supposed principle of inflam- 
maoility. 
DEPH-LO-GIS'TI-CA-TED, pp. Deprived of phlogiston. 
DE-PICT', V. t. [li. depingo, depictum.] 1. To paint; to 
portray ; to form a likeness in colours. 2. To describe ; 
to represent in words. 
DE-PI€T'ED, pp. Painted ; represented in colors ; described. 
DE-PICT'ING,' ppr. Painting ; representing in colors, or in 

words. 
DE-PI€T'URE, v. t. To paint ; to picture ; to represent in 

colors. See Depict. 
DEP'I-LATE, v.t. [L. depil.o.'] To strip of hair. 
DEP-I-LA'TION, n. The act of pulling off the hair. 
* DE-PIL'A-TO-RY, a. Having the quality or power to take 
off hair and make bald. 



* DE-PIL'A-TO-RY, n. Any application which is uesd to 
take off the hair of an animal body ; such as lime and or- 
piment. Encyc. 
t DEP'I-LOUS, a. Without hair. Brown. 
DEP-LAN-Ta'TION, 71. [h. deplanto.] The act of taking 

up plants from beds. 
DE-PLe'TION, 71. [L.depleo.] The act of emptying ; par- 
ticularly, in the medical art, the act of diminishing the 
quantity of blood in the vessels by venesection ; blood-let- 
ting. _ 
DE-PLoR'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be deplored or lament 
ed ; lamentable ; that demands or causes lamentation ^ 
hence, sad ; calamitous ; grievous ; miserable ; wretched. 
Deplorate, in a like sense, is not used. 2. In popular itse, 
low ; contemptible ; pitiable. 
DE-PLoR'A-BLE-NESS, 71. The state of being deplorable , 

misery ; wretchedness; a miserable state. 
DE-PLoR'A-BLY, adv. In a manner to be deplored; la- 
mentably; miserably. 
DEP-LO-Ra'TION, 71. The act of lamenting.— In music, a 

dirge or mournful strain. 
DE-PLoRE', v. t. [L. deplore.'] To lament ; to bewail ; to 

mourn ; to feel or express deep and poignant grief for. 
DE-PLOR'ED, (de-pl5rd') pp. Lamented ; bewailed ; deep- 
ly regretted, 
t DE-PL6R'ED-LY, adv. Lamentably. Taylor. 
t DE-PLoRE'MENT, n. A weeping ; a lamenting. 
DE-PLoR'ER, 71. One who deplores or deeply laments ; a 

deep mourner. 
DE-PLoR'ING, ppr. Bewailing ; deeply lamenting. 
DE-PLOY', V. t. [Fr. deployer.] To display, to open, to 

extend ; a military term. 
DE-PLOY', V. i. To open ; to extend ; to form a more ex- 
tended front or line. 
DE-PLOY'ING, ppr. Opening ; extending ; displaying. 
DEP-LU-Ma'TION, n. 1. The stripping or failing off of 
plumes or feathers. 2. A tumor of the eyelids with loss 
of hair. 
DE-PLuME', V. t. [L. deplumo.] To strip or pluck off feath- 
ers ; to deprive of plumage. 
DE-PLuM'ED, (de-pliimd') pp. Stripped of feathers or 

plumes. 
DE-PLuM'ING, ppr. Stripping off plumes or feathers. 
DE-Po'LAR-iZE, V. t. To deprive of polarity. 
f DE-PoNE', V. t. [L. depono.] To lay down as a pledge ; 

to wage. Hudibras. 
DE-Po'NENT, a. fL. deponens.] 1. Laying down.— 2. A 
deponent verb, in the Latin Grammar, is a verb which has 
a passive termination, with an active signification. 
DE-Po'NENT, n. 1. One who deposes, or gives a deposition 
under oath ; one who gives written testimony to be used 
as evidence in a court of justice. 2. A deponent verb. 
DE-POP'U-LATE, v. t. [L. depopulor.] To dispeople ; to 

unpeople ; to deprive of inhabitants. 
DE-POP'U-LATE, v. i. To become dispeopled. 
DE-POP'U-LA-TED, pp. Dispeopled ; deprived of inhabit- 
ants. 
DE-POP' (J-LA-TING, ppr. Dispeopling ; depriving of in- 
habitants. 
DE-POP-U-LA'TION, n. The act of dispeopling ; destruc- 
tion or expulsion of inhabitants. 
DE-POP'U-LA-TOR, n. One who depopulates; one who 
destroys or expels the inhabitants of a city, town or coun- 
try ; a dispeopler. 
DE-PoRT', V. t. [Fr. deporter.] 1. With the reciprocal 
pronoun, to carry ; to demean ; to beliave. 2. To trans- 
port ; to carry away, or from one country to another 
PFalsh. 
DE-PoRT', n. Behaviour; carriage; demeanor; deport- 
ment. [A poetic word,] Milton. 
DEP-OR-TA TION, n. Transportation ; a carrying away ; 
a removal from one country to another, or to a distant 
place ; exile ; banishment. 
DE-PoRT'ED, pp. Carried away ; transported ; banished. 
DE-PoRT'ING, 2)pr- Carrying away ; removing to a distant 

place or country ; transporting ; banishing. 
DE-PoRT'MENT, n. [Fr. deportement.] Carriage ; manner 
of acting in relation to the duties of life ; behaviour ; de- 
meanor ; conduct ; management. 
DE-PoS'A-BLE, a. That may be deposed, or deprived of 

office. Howell. 
DE-Po'SAL, 71. The act of deposing, or divesting of office 

Fox^ 
DE-PoSE', V. t. [Fr. deposer.] 1. To lay down ; to throw j 
to let fall. 2. To reduce from a throne or other high sta- 
tion ; to dethrone ; to degrade ; to divest of office. 3. To 
give testimony on oath, especially to give testimony 
which is committed to writing ; to give answers to inter- 
rogatories, intended as evidence in a court. 4. To lay 
aside. Barrow. 5. To take away ; to strip ; to divest ; 
[not iM use.] ShaJc. 6. To examine on oath ; [not in use.] 
Shak. 
DE-PoSE', r. i. To bear witness. Sidney. 
DE-PoS'ED, (de-pozd') pp. Dethroned ; degraded ; testified , 



See Synopsis A, E, I, O, U Y, lonff.— FAR, FALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD : 



t Obsolete. 



DEP 



237 



DEP 



DE-PoS'ER, n. One who deposes or degrades from office. 
DE-PoS'ING, ppr. Dethroning; degrading; bearing wit- 

DE-Po*S'ING, 71. The ac£ of dethroning. Seldcn 

DE-POS'IT, V. t. [L. depositum.'] 1. To lay down ; to lay ; 
to throw down. 2. To lay up ; to lay in a place for pre- 
servation. 3. To lodge in the hands of a person for safe- 
keeping or other purpose ; to commit to the care of; to 
intrust ; to commit to one as a pledge. 4. To lay aside ; 
[little used.l 

PE-POS'IT, n. 1. That which is laid or thrown down ; any 
matter laid or thrown down, or lodged. Kirwan. 2. Any 
thing mtrusted to the care of another ; a pledge ; a pawn ; 
a thing given as security, or for preservation. 3. A place 

, where things are deposited ; a depository. 4. [Fr. depot.] 
A city or town where goods are lodged for safe-keeping 
or for re-shipment. — In deposit, in a state of pledge, or 
for safe-keeping. 

BE-POS'I-TA-RY, n. [Fr. depositaire.] A person with 
whom any thing is left or lodged in trust ; one to whom 
a thing is committed for safe keeping, or to be used for the 
benefit of the owner ; a trustee ; a guardian. 

DE-POS'IT-ING, ppr. Laying down ; pledging ; repositing. 

D£P-0-Sl"TION, n. [L. depositio.] 1. The act of laying 
or throwing down. 2. That which is thrown down ; 
tliat which is lodged. 3. The act of giving testimony 
under oath. 4. The attested written testimony of a wit- 
ness ; an affidavit. 5. The act of dethroning a king, or 
the degrading of a person from an office or station ; a di- 
vesting of sovereignty, or of office and dignity ; a depriv- 
ing of clerical orders. 

DE-POS'I-TO-RY, n. A place where any thing is lodged 
for safe-keeping. 

DE-POS'I-TUM, n. A deposit. [J^Tot English, nor in use.] 

DE-POT, (de-po') [A French word. See Deposit,] 

DEP-P..A-Va'TION, n. [L. depravatio.] 1. The act of mak- 
ing bad or worse ; the act of corrupting. 2. The state of 
being made bad or worse ; degeneracy ; a state in which 
good qualities are lost, or impaired. 3. Censure ; defama- 
tion ; [not used.] Shak. 

DE-PRa VE', v. t. [L. depravo.] 1. To make bad or woi-se : 
to impair good qualities ; to make bad qualities worse ; to 
vitiate ; to corrupt. 2. To defame ; to vilify ; [not used.] 
Shak._ 

DE-PRa V'ED, (de-pravd') pp. 1. Made bad or worse ; vitiat- 
ed ; tainted ; corrupted. 2. a. Corrupt ; wicked ; destitute 
of holiness or good principles. 

DE-PRaVED-LY, adv. In a corrupt manner. 

DE-PR aV'ED-NESS, n. Corruption ; taint ; a vitiated state. 
Hammond. 

DE-PRaVE'MENT, n. A vitiated state. Brown. 

DE-PRaV'ER, n. A corrupter ; he who vitiates ; a vilifier. 

DE-PRa V'ING, ppr. Making bad ; corrupting. 

t DE-PR A V'ING, n. A traducing. 

DE-PR AV'I-TY, n. 1. Corruption ; a vitiated state. 9. A 
vitiated state of the heart ; wickedness ; corruption of 
moral principles ; destitution of holiness or good princi- 
ples. 

t DEP'RE-€A-BLE, a. That is to be averted, or begged off. 

DEP'RE-CATE, v. t. [L. deprecor.] 1. To pray against; 
to pray or entreat that a present evil may be removed, or 
an expected one averted. 2. More generally, to regret ; 
to have or to express deep sorrow at a present evil, or at 
one that may occur. 3. To implore mercy of ; [improper.] 
Prior. 

DEP'RE-CA-TED, pp. Prayed against ; deeply regretted. 

DEP'RE-CA-TING, ppr. Praying against ; regretting. 

DEP-RE-€a'TION, n. 1. A praying against ; a praying 
that an evil may be removed or prevented. 9. Entreaty ; 
petitioning ; an excasing ; a begging pardon for. 

DEP'RE-€A-T0R, n. One who deprecates. 

DEFRE-CA-TO-RY, ) a. 1. That serves to deprecate ; 

DEP'RE-CA-TlVE, \ tending to remove or avert evil 
by prayer. 2. Having the form of prayer. 

DE-PRe'CIATE, v. t. [Low L. depretio.] I. To lessen the 
price of a thing ; to cry down the price or value. 2. To 
undervalue ; to represent as of little value or merit, or of 
less value than is commonly supposed. 3. To lower the 
value. 

DE-PRE'CIATE, V. i. To fall in value ; to become of less 
worth. 

DE-PRe'CIA-TED, pp. Lessened in value or price ; under- 
valued. 

DE-PRe'CIA-TING, ppr. L Lessening the price or worth ; 
undervaluing.' 2. Falling in value. 

DE-PRE-CI-a'TION, n. 1. The act of lessening or crying 
down price or value. 2. The falling of value ; reduction 
of worth. 

DEP'RE-DATE, v.t. [L, deprcedor.] I. To plunder; to 
rob ; to pillage ; to take the property of an enemy or of a 
foreign country by force. 2. To prey upon ; to waste ; to 
spoil. 3. To devour ; to destroy by eating. 

DEP'RE-DATE, v. i. To take plunder or prey ; to commit 
waste. 



DEP'RE-DA-TED, pp Spoiled ; plundered ; wasted ; pil- 
laged. 

DEP'RE-DA-TING, p^r. Plundering; robbing; pillaging. 

DEP-RE-Da'TION, n. 1. The act of plundering ; a robbing , 
a pillaging. 2. Waste; consumption; a taking away by 
any^actof violence. 

One who plunders, or pillages; a 



DEP'RE-DA-TOR, 
spoiler ; a waster. 
DEP'RE-DA-TO-RY, 



pillaging. 
-RE-HEND' 



Plundering ; spoiling ; consisting 



DEP-RE 



V t. 



[L. deprehendo.] 1. To catch ; to 
take unawares or by surprise ; to seize, as a person com- 
mitting an unlawful act. 2. To detect ; to discover ; to 
obtain the knowledge of. [Deprehend and its derivatives 
are little used.] 

t D3P-RE-HEND', v. i. To discover. 

DEP-RE-HEND'ED, pp. Taken by surprise ; caught ; seiz- 
ed ; discovered. 

DEP-RE-HEND'ING, ppr. Taking unawares; catching: 
seizing; discovering. 

DEP-RE-HEN'SI-BLE, a. That may be caught, oi discov- 
ered. 

DEP-RE-HEN'SI-BLE-NESS, n. Capableness of being 
caught or discovered. 

DEP-RE-HEN'SION, n. A catching or seizing ; a discov- 
ery. 

DE-PRESS', V. t. [L. depressus.] 1. To press down ; to 
press to a lower state or position. 2. To let fall ; to bring 
down. 3. To render dull or languid ; to limit or diminisli. 

4. To sink; to lower; to deject ; to make sad. 5. To 
humble; to abase. 6. To sink in altitude; to cause to 
appear lower or nearer the horizon. 7. To impoverish ; 
to lower in temporal estate. 8. To lower in value. 

DE-PRESS'ED, (de-presf) pp. 1. Pressed or forced down ; 
lowered ; dejected ; dispirited ; sad ; humbled f sunk ; 
rendered languid. — 2. In botany, a depressed leaf is hol- 
low in the middle, or has the disk more depressed tlian 
the sides. 

DE-PRESS'ING, ppr. Pressing down; lowering in place ; 
letting fall ; sinking ; dejecting ; abasing ; impoverish- 
ing ; rendering languid. 

DE-PRES'SION, n. 1. The act of pressing down; or the 
state of being pressed down ; a low state. 2. A hollow ; 
a sinking or falling in of a surface ; or a forcing inwards. 
3. The act of humbling ; abasement. 4. A sinking of the 
spirits ; dejection ; a state of sadness ; want of courage or 
animation. 5. A low state of strength ; a state of body 
succeeding debility in the formation of disease. G. A low 
state of business or of property. 7. The sinking of the 
polar star towards the horizon, as a person recedes from 
the pole towards the equator. Also, the distance of a star 
from the horizon below. — 8. In algebra, the depression of 
an equation is the bringing of it into lower and more sim- 
ple terms by division. 

DE-PRESS'IVE, a. Able or tending to depress or cast down. 

DE-PRESS'OR, n. 1. He that presses down ; an oppres- 
sor. — %. In anatomy, a muscle that depresses or draws 
down the part to which it is attached. 

DEP'RI-MENT, n. An epithet applied to one of the straight 
muscles that move the globe of the eye. 

DE-PRIV'A-BLE, a. That may be deprived. 

DEP-RI-VA'TION, n. 1. The act of depriving ; a taking 
away. 2. A state of being deprived; loss; want; be- 
reavement by loss of friends or of goods. — 3. In law, the 
act of divesting a bishop or other clergyman of his spirit- 
ual promotion or dignity ; the taking away of a prefer- 
ment ; deposition. 

DE-PRIVE', V. t. [L. de and pnvo.] 1. To take from ; to 
bereave of something possessed or enjoyed. 2. To hinder 
from possessing or enjoying ; to debar. 3. To free or re- 
lease from. 4. To divest of an ecclesiastical preferment, 
dignity or office ; to divest of orders. 

IJE-PRIV'ED, (de-prlvd') pp. Bereft ; divested ; hindered , 
stripped of office or dignity ; deposed ; degraded. 

DE-PRlVE'MENT, n. The state of losing or being depriv- 
ed. 

DE-PRlV'ER, n. He or that which deprives or bereaves. 

DB-PRlV'ING, ppr. Bereaving; taking away what is pos- 
sessed ; divesting ; hindering from enjoying ; deposing. 

DEPTH, n. 1. Deepness ; the distance or measure of a tiling 
from the surface to the bottom, or to the extreme part 
downwards or inwards. 2. A deep place. 3. The sea, 
the ocean. 4. The abyss ; a gulf of infinite profundity 

5. The middle or height of a season, as the depth of win- 
ter ; or the middle, the darkest or stillest part, as the depth 
of night ; or the inner part, a p,art remote from the border 
as the depth of a wood. 6. Abstruseness ; obscurity; that 
which is not easily explored. 7 Unsearchableness ; in- 
finity. 8. The breadth and depth of the love of Christ are 
its vast extent. 9. Profoundness ; extent of penetration, 
or of the capacity of penetrating. — 10. The depth of a 
squadron or battalion is the number of men in a file, 
which forms the extent from the front to the rear. — 11. 
Depth of a sail, the extent of the square sails from the 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



DER 



238 



DER 



head-rope to the foot-rope, or the length of the after-leech 
of a stay-sail or a boom-sail. 

f DEPTH EN, V. t. To deepen. Diet. 

f DE-Pu'CE-LATE,D. t. Todeflourj to bereave of virginity. 

i DE-PULSE , V. t. To drive away. Cockeram. 

DE-PUL'SION, 71. [L. depulsio.] A driving or thrusting 
away. Ses Repulsion. 

DE-PUL'SO-RY, a. Driving or thrusting away ; averting. 

DEFU-RATE, v. U [Fr. depurer.] To purify ; to free from 
impurities, heterogeneous matter or feculence. 

DEPU-RATE, a. Cleansed; pare; not contaminated. 
Olanville. 

DEP'U-RA-TED, pp. Purified from heterogeneous matter, 
or from impurities. E. Stiles. 

DEP'U-RA-TING, jipr. Purifying ; freeing from impurities. 

DEP-U-Ra'TION, 11. 1. The act of purifying or freeing f u- 
ids from heterogeneous matter, 2. The cleansing of a 
wound from impure matter. 

DEP'U-RA-T0-R!>^, a. Cleansing ; purifymg ; or tending to 
purifv. Sydenham. 

t DE-PuRE', V. t. To depurate. 

DEP-U-TA'TION, ?i. [Fr.] 1. The act of appointing a sub- 
stitute or representative to act for another ; the act of 
appointing and sending a deputy or substitute to transact 
business for another, as his agent. 2. A special commis- 
sion or authority to act as the substitute of another. 3. The 
person deputed ; the person or persons authorized and 
sent to transact business tor another. 

DE-PuTE', v. t. [Fr. deputer.} To appoint as a substitute 
or agent to act for another ; to appoint and send with •' 
special commission or authority to transact business in 
another's name. 

DE-PtJT'ED, pp. Appointed as a substitute ; appointed and 
sent with special authority to act for another. 

DE-PCfT'ING, ppr. Appointing as a substitute ; appointing 
and sending with a speciarl commission to transact busi- 
ness for another. 

DEP'U-TIZE, V. t. To appoint a deputy ; to empower to 
act for another, as a sheriff. 

DEP'U-TY, 11. [Fr. depute.] 1. A person appointed or elected 
to act for another, especially a person sent with a special 
commission to act in the place of another ; a lieutenant ; a 
viceroy. — 2. In law, one that exercises an office in ano- 
ther's right, and the forfeiture or misdemeanor of such dep- 
uty shall cause the person he represents to lose his office. 

DEP'U-TY-€OL-LEeT'OR, n. A person appointed to 
perform the duties of a collector of the customs, in place 
of the collector. 

DEP'U-TY-MAR'SHAL, n. One appointed to act in the 
place of the marshal. 

DEP'U-TY-PoST'-MAS-TER, n. A person who is appoint- 
ed to act as post-master, in subordination to the post-mas- 
ter-general. 

DEP'U-TY-SHER'IFF, ) n. A person deputed or authorized 

DEP'U-TY-SHER'IF, \ to perform the duties of the 
sheriff, as his substitute. In like manner, we use deputy- 
commissary, deputy pay-master, &c. 

fDE-QUAN'TI-TATE, v. t. To diminish the quantity of. 
Brown. 

DER, prefixed to names of places, may be from Sax. deor, 
a wild beast, or from dur, water. 

DE-RAC'I-NATE, v. t. [Fr. deraciner.] To pluck up by 
the roots ; to extirpate. [Little used.] Shak. 

DE-RAC'I-NA-TED, pp. Plucked up by the roots ; extir- 
pated. 

DE-RAC'I-NA-TING, ppr. Tearing up by the roots ; extir- 
pating. 

+ DE-RaIGN', ) V. t. [Nonn. derener, dereigner.] To prove ; 

T DE-RaIN', \ to justify ; to vindicate, as an asser- 
tion ; to clear one's self. 

DE-RAIGN'MENT, ) n. The act of deraigning ; proof; jus- 

DE-RaIN'MENT, i tification. 

DE-RaN6E', v. t. [Fr. deranger.] 1. To put out of order ; to 
disturb the regular order of; to throw into confusion. 
Burke. Lavoisier Tran. 2. To embaiTass : to disorder. 
3. To disorder the intellect ; to disturb the regular opera- 
tions of reason. 4. To remove from place or office, as the 
personal staff of a principal military officer. W. H. Sumner. 

DE-RaNG'ED, (de-ratnjd') pp. Put out of order ; disturbed ; 
em oarrassed ; confused; disordered in mind; delirious; 
distracted. 

DE-RaNGE'MENT, 71. 1. A putting out of order; dis- 
turbance of regularity or regular course ; embarrassment. 
Washington. 2. Disorder of the mtellect or reason ; deli- 
rium ; insanity. Palcy. 

DE-11aN6'ING, 2W- 1- Putting out of order ; disturbing 
regularity or regular course ; embarrassment ; confusion. 
Hamilton. 9. Disordering the rational powers. 

T DE-RaY', v. t. Tumult ; disorder : merriment. 

JDkRE, a. Hurtful. 

{DeRE, v. t. [Sax. derian.] To hurt. 

DER'E-LI€T, a. [L. dcrelictus.] Left ; abandoned. 

DER'E-LICT, 71. 1. In law, an article of goods, or any 
commodity, thrown away, relinquished or abandoned by 



the owner. 2. A tract of land left dry by the sea, and fit 
for cultivation or use. 

DER-E-LI€'TI0N, 71. [L. derelictio.] 1. The act of leav- 
ing with an intention not to reclaim ; an utter forsaking ; 
abandonment. 2. The state of being left or abandoned. 
3. A leaving or receding from. 

DE-RlDE', V. t. [L. derideo.] To laugh at in contempt ; to 
turn to ridicule or make sport of; to mock ; to treat with 
scorn by laughter. 

DE-RlD'ED, pp. Laughed at in contempt ; mocked ; ridi- 
culed. 

DE-RlD'ER, n. 1. One who laughs at another in contempt ; 
a mocker ; a scoffer. 2. A droll or buffoon. 

DE-RlD'ING, ppr. Laughing at with contempt ; mocking ; 
ridiculing. 

DE-RlD'ING-LY, adv. By way of derision or mockery. 

DE-RI'SION, 71. [L. derisio.] 1. The act of laughing at in 
contempt. 2. Contempt manifested by laughter; scorn 
3. An object of derision or contempt ; a laughing-stock. 

DE-RI'SIVE, a. Containing derision; mocking; ridicul- 
ing. 

DE-Ri'SIVE-LY, adv. With mockery or contempt. 

DE-Rl'SO-RY, a. Mocking; ridiculing. Shaftesbury. 

DE-RIV*A-BLE, a. 1. That may be derived ; that may be 
drawn or received, as from a source. 2. That may be 
received from ancestors. 3. That may be drawn, as from 
premises ; deducible. 4. That may be drawn from a rad- 
ical word. 

DER'I-VATE, n. [L. derivatus.] A word derived from 
another. Stuart. 

DER-I-Va'TION, a. [L. derivatio.] 1. The act of deriving, 
drawing or receiving from a source. — 2. In grammar, the 
drawuig or tracing of a word from its root or original. 3. 
A drawing from, or turning aside from, a natural course 
or channel. 4. A drawing of humors from one part of the 
body to another. 5. The thing derived or deduced. 
Olanville. 

DE-RIV'A-TIVE, a. 1. Derived ; taken or having pro- 
ceeded from another or something preceding ; secondary. 
— 2. A derivative chord, in music, is one derived from a 
fundamental chord . 

DE-RIV'A-TIVE, n. 1. That which L^ derived ; a word 
which takes its origin in another word, or is formed from 
it. — 2. In music, a chord not fundamental. 

DE-RIV'A-TIVE-LY, adv. In a derivative manner; by 
derivation. 

DE-RlVE', v. t. [L. derivo.] 1. To draw from, as in a reg- 
ular course or channel ; to receive from a source by a reg- 
ular conveyance. 2. To draw or receive, as from a 
source or origin. 3. To deduce or draw, as from a root, 
or primitive word. 4. To turn from its natural course ; 
to divert. 5. To communicate from one to another by de- 
scent. 6. To spread in various directions; to cause to 
flow. 

DE-RIVE', V. i. To come or proceed from. [JVb< common.] 

DE-RiV'ED, (de-rlvd') pp. Drawn, as from a source; de- 
duced ; received ; regularly conveyed ; descended ; com- 
municated ; transmitted. 

DE-RlV'ER, 71. One who derives, or draws from a source. 

DE-RlV'ING, ppr. Drawing ; receiving ; deducing ; com- 
municating ; diverting or turning into another channel. 

DERM'AL, a. [Gr. ^cp/za.] Pertaming to skin ; consisting 
of skin. Fleming. 

DERM'OID, a. [Gr. Sepixa and eiSos.] Pertainmg to the 
skin ; a medical term. 

fDERN, a. [Sax. dearn.] Solitary; sad ; cruel. 

t DERN'FJJL, o. Sad; mournful. 

*DER-NIeR', a. [Fr.] Last ; final ; ultimate ; as, the dernier 
resort. 

t DERN'LY, adv. Sadly ; mournfully. More. 

DER'O-GATE, v. t. [L. derogo.] 1. To repeal, annul or 
destroy the force and effect of some part of a law or estab- 
lished rule ; to lessen the extent of a law ; [little used.] 
2. To lessen the worth of a person or thing ; to disparage. 

DER'O-GATE, v. i. 1. To take away ; to detract ; to lessen 
by taking away a part. 2. To act beneath one's rank, 
place or birth. [Unusual.] 

DER'O-GA-TED, pp. Diminished in value ; degraded ; dam- 
aged. [Shakspeare uses derogate in this sense.] 

DER'O-GATE-LY, adv. In a manner to lessen or take 
from. 

DER'O-GA-TING, ppr. Annulling a part; lessening by 
taking from. 

DER-O-Ga'TION, 71. The act of annulling or revoking a 
law, or some part of it. More generally, the act of taking 
away or destroying the value or effect of any thing, or of 
limiting its extent, or of restraining its operation. 2. The 
act of taking something from merit, reputation or lienor , 
a lessening of value or estimation ; detraction ; dispar- 
agement. 

DE-ROG'A-TIVE, a. Derogatory. [The latter is mostly 
used.] 

DE-ROG'A-TO-RI-LY, adv. In a detracting manner. 



* Ste Synopsis. 5 , E, T, 0, D, Y, long.— FS.B., FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



DES 



239 



DES 



DE-ROG'A-TO-RI-NESS, n. The quality of being deroga- 
tory. 

DE-ROG'A-TO-RY, a. Detracting or tending to lessen by 
taking something from ; that lessens the extent, effect or 
value. 

t DER'RING, a. Daring. Spenser. 

DER'VIS, 71. [Persian.] A Turkish priest or monk, who 
professes extreme poverty, and leads an austere life. 

DES' ART. .See Deseht. 

DES'eANT, n. [Sp. discante.] I. A song or tune composed 
in parts. 9. A song or tune with various modulations. 
3. A discourse ; discussion ; disputation ; animadversion, 
comment, or a series of comments. 4. The art of compos- 
ing music in several parts. Descant is plain, figurative 
and double. 

DES-€ANT', V. i. 1. To run a division or variety with the 
voice, on a musical ground in true measure ; to sing. 2. 
To discourse ; to comment ; to make a variety of remarks ; 
to animadvert freely. 

DES-€ANT'ING, ppr. Singing in parts or with various mod- 
ulations ; discoursing freely ; commenting. 

DES-€ANT'ING, n. Remark ; conjecture. Burnet. 

DE-SCEND', V. i. [L. descendo.] 1. To move or pass from 
a higher to a lower place ; to move, come or go down- 
wards ; to fall ; to sink ; to run or flow down. 2. To go 
down, or to enter. 3. To come suddenly ; to fall violent- 
ly. 4. To go in ; to enter. 5. To rush ; to invade, as an 
enemy. 6. To proceed from a source or original ; to be 
derived. 7. To proceed, els from father to son; to pass 
from a preceding possessor, in the order of lineage, or ac- 
cording to the laws of succession or inheritance. 8. To 
pass from general to particular considerations. 9. To come 
down from an elevated or honorable station. — 10. In music, 
to fall in sound ; to pass from any note to another less 
acute or shrill, or from sharp to flat. 

DE-SCEND', V. t. To walk, move or pass downwards on a 
declivity. 

DE-SCEND' ANT, n. [Fr. descendajit.] Any person pro- 
ceeding from an ancestor in any degree ; issue ; offspring, 
in the line of generation. 

DE-SCEND'ENT, a. 1. Descending ; falling ; sinking. 2. 
Proceeding from an original or ancestor. 

DE-SCEND-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being descendi- 
ble, or capable of being transmitted from ancestors. 
Blackstone. 

DE-SCEND'I-BLE, a. 1. That may be descended, or passed 
down. 2. That may descend from an ancestor to an heir. 

DE-SCEN'SION, n. [L. descensio.] 1. The act of going 
downwards ; descent ; a falling or sinking ; declension ; 
degradation. — 2. In astronomy, right descension is an arch 
of the equinoctial, intercepted between the next equinoc- 
tial point and the intersection of the meridian, passing 
through the centre of the object, at its setting, in a right 
sphere. 

DE-SCEN'SION-AL, a. Pertaining to descent. 

DE-SCEN'SIVE, a. Tending downwards ; having power to 
descend. Sherwood. 

DE-SCENT', n. [Fr. descente ; L. descensus.] 1. The act 
of descending ; the act of passing from a higher to a lower 
place, by any form of motion, as by walking, riding, roll- 
ing, sliding, sinking or falling. 2. Inclination down- 
ward ; obliquity ; slope ; declivity. 3. Progress down- 
ward ; as, the descent from higher to lower orders of be- 
ings. 4. Fall from a higher to a lower state or station. 
-5. A landing from ships ; invasion of troops from the sea. 
6. A passing from an ancestor to an heir ; transmission by 
succession or inheritance. 7. A proceeding from an orig- 
inal or progenitor. 8. Birth ; extraction ; lineage. 9. A 
generation ; a single degree in the scale of genealogy ; 
distance from the common ancestor. 10. Offspring ; is- 
sue ; descendants. 11. A rank in the scale of subordina- 
tion. 12. Lowest place.— 13. In music, a passing from a 
note or sound to one more grave or less acute. 

DE-S€RiB'A-BLE, a. That may be described ; capable of 
description. 

DE-SCRiBE', V. t. [L. describo.] 1. To delineate or mark 
the form or figure. 2. To make or exhibit a figure by mo- 
tion. 3. To show or represent to others in words ; to com- 
municate the resemblance of a thing, by naming its na- 
ture, form or properties. 4. To represent by signs. 5, 
To draw a plan ; to represent by lines and other marks on 
paper,_or ot*ier material. 6. To define laxly. 

DE-S€RiB'ED, (de-skribd') pp. Represented in form by 
marks or figures ; delineated ; represented by words or 
signs. 

DE-S€RrB'ER, n. One who describes by marks, words or 
signs. _ 

DE-S€RlB'lNG, ppr. Representing the form or figure of, by 
lines or marks ; communicating a view of, by words or 
signs, or by naming the nature and properties. 

DE-SCRi'ED, (de-skride') pp. Espied ; discovered ; seen. 

DE-SCRl^ER, n. One who espies, or discovers ; a discover- 
er ; a detecter. Crashaw. 

DE-S€RIP'TION, n. [L. descriptio.] 1. The act of deline- 



ating, or representing the figure of any ihmg by a plan, to 
be presented to the eye. 2. The figure or appearance of 
any thing delineated, or represented by visible lines^ 
marks, colors, &c. 3. The act of representing a thing by 
words or by signs, or the passage containing such repre- 
sentation ; a representation of names, nature or properties, 
that gives to another a view of the thing. 4. A definition. 
5. The qualities expressed in a representation. 6. The 
persons having the qualities expressed ; a class of persons 
to whom a description is applicable. Scott. 

DE-SORIFTIVE, a. Containing description •, tending to de- 
scribe ; having the quality of representing. 

t DE-S€RrVE', V. t. [It descrivere ] To dt^ribe 

DE-SCR^', V. t. [Norm, descrier or discriver.] l. To espy, 
to explore ; to examine by observation. 2. To detect ; to 
find out ; to discover any thing concealed. 3. To see ; to 
behold ; to have a sight of from a distance. 4. To give 
notice of something suddenly discovered ; [not in use.] 
Hall. 

DE-SCR'S' , n. Discovery ; thing discovered. [Unuszial.] 

DE-S€Ry'ING, ppr. Discovering; espying. 

tDES'E-€ATE, v.t. To cut off; to cut away; to mow 
Cockeram. 

DES'E-€RATE, v. t. [L. desecro.] 1. To divert from a sa- 
cred purpose or appropriation ; opposed to consecrate. 2. 
To divest of a sacred character or office. 

DES'E-€RA-TED, pp. Diverted from a sacred purpose or 
appropriation ; divested of a sacred character or office. 

DES'E-€RA-TING, ppr. Diverting from a purpose to which 
a thing is consecrated ; divested of a sacred character or 
office. 

DES-E-€Ra'TION, n. The act of diverting from a sacred 
purpose or use to which a thing had been devoted ; the 
act of diverting from a sacred character or office. 

DES'ERT, a. [L. desertus.] 1. Literally, forsaken ; hence, 
uninhabited. Hence, wild ; untilled ; waste ; uncultivat- 
ed. 2. Void ; empty ; unoccupied. 

DES'ERT, n. [L. desertum.] An uninhabited tract of land ; 
a region in its natural state ; a wilderness ; a solitude ; 
particularly, a vast sandy plain. 

DE-SERT', V. t. [Fr. deserter.] 1. To forsake ; to leave ut- 
terly ; to abandon ; to quit with a view not to return to 
2. To leave, without permission, a military band, or a 
ship, in which one is enlisted ; to forsake the service in 
which one is engaged, in violation of duty. 

DE-SERT', V. i. To run away ; to quit a service without 
permission. 

DE-SERT', w. 1 . A deserving ; that which gives a right to re- 
ward or demands, or which renders liable to punishment ; 
merit or demerit ; that which entitles to a recompense of 
equal value, or demands a punishment equal to the of- 
fense ; good conferred, or evil done, which merits an 
equivalent return. 2. That which is deserved ; reward or 
punishment merited. 

DESERT ED,pp. Wholly forsaken ; abandoned ; left. 

DE-SERT'ER, n. A person who forsakes Ins cause, his 
post, or his party or friend ; particularly, a soldier or sea- 
man who quits the service without permission, and in vi- 
olation of his engagement. 

DE-SERT'FUL, a. High in desert ; meritorious. 

DE-SERT'ING, ppr. Forsaking utterly ; abandoning. 

DE-SER'TION, n. 1. The act of forsaking or abandoning, 
as a party, a friend, a country, an army or military band, 
or a ship ; the act of quitting, with an Intention not to re- 
turn. 9. The state of being forsaken by God ; spiritual 
despondency. 

DE-SERT'LESS, a. Without merit or claim to favor or re- 
ward. Dry den. 

DE-SERT'LESS-LY, adv. Undeservedly, Beaumont. 

dI-SERt'IiX^' ! "• ^ ^^^^^^ ^^° deserts. Milton. 

DE-SERVE', (de-zerv') v. t. [L. deservio.] 1. To merit : 
to be worthy of; applied to good or evil. 2. To merit hy 
labor or services ; to have a just claim to an equivalent for 
good conferred. 3. To merit by good actions or qualities 
in general ; to be Avorthy of, on account of excellence. 
4. To be worthy of, in a bad sense ; to merit by an evil 
act. 

DE-SERVE', V. i. To merit ; to be worthy of or deserving 

DE-SERVED, (de-zervd') pp. Merited ; worthy of. 

DE-SERV'ED-LY, adv. Justly ; according to desert, wheth 
er of good or evil. 

DE-SERV'ER, 71. He who deserves or merits ; one who is 
worthy of. 

DE-SERVING, ppr. 1 . Meriting ; having a just claim to re- 
ward ; justly meriting punishment. 9. a. Worthy of re- 
ward or praise ; meritorious ; possessed of good qualities 
that entitle to approbation. 

DE-SERVING, n. The act of meriting ; desert , merit. 

DE-SERVING-LY, adv. Meritoriously ; with just desert. 

DESH-A-BILLE', ) ,.^^ ^ ^;„. ( n. [Fr.] An undress ; a 

DESH-A-BIL', \ Ca«sn-a-Dn; | j^^^^^ morning dress; 
hence, any home dress. 

DE-S1€'€ANT, a. Drying. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— EIILL, UNITE.— € as K -. 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



DES 



240 



DES 



DE-ST€'€ANT, n. A medicine or application that dries a 
5ore. Wiseman. 

* DES'ie-€ATE, or DE-Sie'€ATE, v. t. [L. desicco.'] To 
dry ; to exhale or remove inoisture from. 

* DES'I€-€ATE, v. i. To become dry. Hale. 

* DES'ie-€A-TED, pp. Dried. 

* DES'ie-€A-TING, ppr. Drying ; exhausting moisture. 
DES-I€-€a'TION, n. The act of making dry ; the state of 

being dried. Bacon. 

DE-Sl€'eA-TxVE, a. Drying ; tending to dry ; that has the 
power to dry. 

I>E-SI€'€A-TiVE, n. A dryer; that which has the quality 
of absorbing moisture. 

t DE-SID'ER-ATE, v. t. To want ; to miss. 

DE-SID-ER-A'TUM, n. ; plu desiderata. [L.] That vyhich 
is desired ; tJiat which is not possessed, but which is de- 
sirable ; any perfection or improvement which is wanted. 

tDE-SfD-I-oSE', a. [L. desidiosus.] Idle; lazy; heavy. 

* DE-SIGN', (de-sine') v. t. [L. desiiruo.] 1. To delineate 
a form or figure by drawing the outline ; to sketch. 2. To 
plan ; to form an outline or representation of any thing. 
3. To project , to form in idea, as a scheme 4. To pur- 
pose or intend. 5. To mark out by tokens ; [not used.] 
Locke. 6. To intend to apply or appropriate ; with /or. 

*DE-SlGN', 71. [Fr. dessein.] 1. A plan or representation of 
a thing by an outline ; sketch ; general view ; first idea 
represented by visible lines. 2. A scheme or plan in the 
mind. 3. Purpose ; intention ; aim ; implying a scheme 
or plan in the mind. 4. The idea or scheme iniended to 
be expressed by an artist. — 5. In majuifactorics, the figures 
with which workmen ennch their stuffs, copied from 
painting or draughts. — 6. In music, the invention and 
conduct of the subject ; the disposition of every part, and 
the general order of the whole. 

*DE-SlGN'A-BLE, a. 1. Capable of being designed or 
marked out 2. Distinguishable. 

DES'IG-NATi;, V. t. [L. desi^no.] 1. To mark out or show, 
so as to make known ; to indicate by visille lines, marks, 
description or something known and determinate. 2. To 
point out ; to distinguish from others by indication. 3. To 
appoint ; to select or distinguish for a particular purpose ; 
to assign, with for. 

DES'IG-NATE, a. Appointed ; marked out. [Little iLsed.] 

DES'IG-NA-TED, pp. Marked out; indicated; shown; 
pointed out ; appointed. 

DES'IG-NA-TING,pj)/-. Marking out ; indicating; pointing 
out ; appointing. 

DES-IG-Na'TION, n. 1. The act of pointing or marking 
out by signs or objects. 2. Indication ; a showing or 
pointing ; a distinguishing from othere. 3. Appointment ; 
direction. 4. Appointment ; a selecting and appointiag ; 
assignment. 5. Import; distinct application. 

UES'IG-NA-TiVE, a. Serving to designate or indicate. 

DES'IG-NA-TOR, n. A Roman officer who assigned to each 
person his rank and place in public shows and ceremo- 
nies. _ 

*DE-SlGN'ED, (de-sind') pp. Marked out; delineated; 
planned ; intended. 

* DE-SiGN'ED-LY, adv. By design ; purposely ; intention- 
ally. _ 

*DE-SlGN'ER, n. 1. One who designs, marks out or plans ; 
one who frames a scheme or project ; a contriver. 2. One 
who plots ; one who lays a scheme ; in an ill sense. 

t DE-SlGN'FUL-NESS, n. Abundance of design. Barrow. 

*DE-SlGN'ING, ppr. 1. Forming a design ; planning ; de- 
lineating the outline ; drawing" figures on a plane. — 2. a. 
In an ill sense, artful ; insidious ; intriguing ; contriving 
schemes of mischief ; hence, deceitful. 

* DE-SlGN'ING, n. The art of delineating objects. 

* DE-SlGN'LESy, a. Without design or intention ; inadvert- 
ent. 

DE-SiGN LESS-LY, adv. Without design ; inadvertently ; 
ignoi-antly. 

*DE-SIGN'MENT, 7i. 1. Design ; sketch; delineation. 2. 
Design ; purpose ; aim ; intent ; scheme. Shak. 

DES'I-NENCE, n. [L. desino.] End ; close. Hall. 

DES'I-NENT, a. Ending ; extreme ; lowermast. 

DE-SIFI-ENT, a. [L. desipiens.] Trifling ; foolish ; play- 
ful. 

DE-SiR'A-BLE, a. 1. Worthy of desire : that is to be wish- 
ed for with sincerity or earnestness. 2. Pleasing ; agree- 
able. 

DE-STR'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being desirable. 
Ooodman. 

DE-SiRE', 72. [Ft. dcsir.] 1. An emotion or excitement of 
the mind, directed to the attainment or possession of an ob- 
ject from which pleasure, sensual, intellectual or spiritu- 
al, is expected ; a passion excited by the love of an object, 
or uneasiness at the want of it, and directed to its attain- 
ment or possession. 2. A prayer or request to obtain. 3. 
The object of desire ; that which is desired. 4. Love ; af- 
fection. 5. Appetite ; lust. 

DE-SIRE', V. t. [Fr. desirer.] 1. To wish for the possession 
or enjoyment of, with a greater or less degree of earnest- 



ness ; to covet. 2. To express a wish to obtain ; to ask 5 
to request ; to petition. 3. To require ; [not in use } 
Speriscr. 

DE-SiR'ED, {(le-zixi')pp. Wished for ; coveted ; requested; 
entreated. 

DE-SlRE'LESS, a. Free from desire. Donne. 

DE-SlR'ER, 71. One who desires or asks ; one who wishes 

DE-SlR'ING, ppr. Wishing for ; coveting ; asking ; express- 
inga wish ; soliciting. 

DE-SlR'OUS, a. Wishing for ; wishing to obtain ; coveting ; 
solicitous to possess and enjoy ; as, Be not desirous of his 
dainties. Prov. xxiii. Jesus knew they were desirous to 
askjiim. Johji, xvi. 

DE-SlR'OUS-LY, adv. With desire ; with earnest wishes. 

DE-SlR'0US-NESS,7i. The state or affection of being desir 
ous. 

DE-SIST', V. i. [L. desisto.] To stop ; to cease to act or pro- 
ceed ; to forbear. 

DE-SIST'ANCE, n. A ceasing to act ; a stopping. 

DE-SIST'ING, ppr. Ceasing to act or proceed. 

t DeSk^TTVE i °" t^* ^^^^^'^-l Fi^^l 5 conclusive 

DE-Si"TION, 71. [L. desitus.] End. 

DESK, 71. [D. discli ; Sax. disc.] 1. An inclining table for 
the use of writers and readers. 2. The pulpit in a church ; 
and, figuratively, the clerical profession. 

DESK, V. t. To shut up in a desk ; to treasure. Hall. 

DESMlNE, n. A mineral that crystalizes in little silken 
tufts. 

DES'O-LATE, a. [L. desolatus.] 1. Destitute or deprived 
of inhabitants ; desert ; uninhabited ; denoting either 
stripped of inhabitants, or never having been inhabited. 
2. Laid waste ; in a ruinous condition ; neglected ; de- 
stroyed. 3. Solitary ; without a companion ; afflicted. 
4. Deserted of God ; deprived of comfort. 

DES'O-LATE, v. t. [L. desolo, desolattcs.] 1. To deprive of 
inhabitants ; to make desert. 2. To lay waste ; to ruin ; 
to ravage ; to destroy improvements or works of art. 

DES'0-LA-TED, pp. Deprived of inhabitants ; wasted ; ru- 
ined. 

DES'O-LATE- LY, adv. In a desolate manner. 

DES'0-LA-TER, ii. One who lays waste or desolates ; that 
which desolates. 

DES'0-LA-TING, ppr. Depriving of inhabitants ; wasting ; 
ravaging. 

DES-O-La'TION, n. 1. The act of desolating ; destruction 
or expulsion of inhabitants ; destruction ; ruin ; waste. 
2. A place deprived of inhabitants, or otherwise wasted, 
ravaged and ruined. 3. A desolate state; gloominess; 
sadness ; destitution. 

DES'0-LA-TO-RY, a. Causing desolation. 

DE-SPaIR', 71. [Fr. desespoir.] 1. Hopelessness ; a hope- 
less state ; a destitution of hope or expectation. 2. That 
which causes despair ; that of which there is no hope. 3. 
Loss of hope in the mercy of God. 

DE-SPaIR', v. i. [Fr. desesperer.] To be without hope ; to 
give up all hope or expectation. 

t DE-SPAIR', V. t. To cause to despair. &> R. Williams. 

t DE-SPaIR'A-BLE, a. Unhopeful. 

DE-SPaIR'ER, n. One without hope. Dryden. 

DE-SPaIR'FUL, a. Hopeless. Sidney. 

DE-SPaIR'ING, ppr. Giving up all hope or expectation. 

DE-SPaIR'ING-LY, adv. In a despairing manner; in a 
manner indicating hopelessness. 

DE-SPATCH'. See Dispatch. 

DE-SPECTION, 71. [L. despectio.] A looking down; a 
despising. [Little used.] 

DES-PE-Ra'DO, 71. [from desperate.] A desperate fellow ; 
a furious man ; a madman ; a person urged by furious 
passions ; one fearless, or regardless of safety. 

DES'PE-RATE, a. [L. desperatus.] 1. Without hope. 2 
Without care of safety ; rash ; fearless of danger. 3 Fu- 
rious, as a man in despair. 4. Hopeless ; despaired of; 
lost beyond hope of recovery ; irretrievable ; irrecovera- 
ble ; forlorn. — 5. In a popular sejise, great in the extreme 
Pope. 

DES'PE-RATE-LY, adv. 1. In a desperate manner, as in 
despair ; hence, furiously ; with rage ; madly ; without 
regard to danger or safety. — ^2. In a popular sense, great- 
ly ; extremely ; violently. 

DES'PE-RATE-NESS, n. Madness ; fury ; rash precipi- 
tance. 

DES-PE-Ra'TION, 71. ]. a despairing; a giving up of 
hope. 2. Hopelessness; despair. 3. Fury; rage; disre- 
gard of safety or danger. 

DES'PI-€A-BLE, a. [Low L. despicabilis.] That may be or 
deserves to be despised ; contemptible ; mean ; vile ; 
worthless. 

DES'PI-€A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being 
despicable ; meanness ; vileness ; worthlessness. 

DES'PI-€A-BLY, adv. Meanly ; vilely ; contemptibly. 

DES-Pi"CIEN-CY, 71. [L. despicio.] A looking down ; a 
despising. JMede. [Little used.] 

. DE-SPli5'A-BLE, a. Despicable ; contemptible. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN MARKNE, BIRD :— t Obsolete 



DES 



241 



DET 



f DE-SPIS'AL, n. Contempt. 

DE-SPiSE', V. t. 1. To contemn ; to scorn ; to disdain ; to 
have the lowest opinion of. 2. To abhor, Shak. 

DE-SPIS'ED, (de-spizd') pp. Contemned ; disdained ; abhor- 
red. 

DE-SPlS'ED-NESS, n. The state of being despised. 

DE-SPlS'ER, n. A contemner ; a scomer. 

DE-SPlS'ING, ppr. Contemning ; scorning j disdaining. 

DE-SPIS'ING, 71. Contempt. 

DE-SPIS'ING-LY, adv. With contempt. 

DE-SPlTE', 71. [Fr. depit ; Norm, despite.] 1. Extreme 
malice ; violent hatred ; malignity ; malice irritated or en- 
raged 5 active malignity ; angry hatred. 2. Defiance wirb 
contempt, or contempt of opposition. 3. An act of malice 
or contempt. 

DE-SPlTE', V. t. To vex ; to offend ; to tease. Raleigh. 

DE-SPlTE'FULj a. Full of spite ; malicious 5 malignant. 

DE-SPlTE'FlJL-LY, adv. With despite ; maliciously 5 con- 
temptuously. 

DE-SPiTE'FlJL-NESS, n. Malice ; extreme hatred ; malig- 
nity. 

t DES-PIT'E-OUS, a. Malicious. Milton. 

tDES-PIT'E-OUS-LY, adv. Furiouslv. Spenser. 

DE-SPOIL', V. t. [L. despolio.] 1. To strip 5 to take from 
by force ; to rob ; to deprive ; followed by of. 2. To stiip 
or divest by any means. 

DE-SPOIL'ED, (de-spoild')iJi?. Stripped ; robbed ; bereaved ; 
deprived . 

DE-SPOIL'ER, 7!. One who strips by force ; a plunderer. 

DE-SPOIL'ING, ppr. Depriving ; stripping ,• robbing. 

DES-PO-LI-A'TION, n. The act of despoiling ; a stripping. 

DE-SPOND', V. i. [L. despondeo.] 1. To be cast down ; to 
be depressed or dejected in mind ; to fail in spirits. 2. To 
lose all courage, spirit or resolution j to sink by loss of 
hope. 

DE-SPOND'EN-CY, 71. A smking or dejection of spirits at 
the loss of hope ; loss of courage at the failure of hope, or 
in deep affliction, or at the prospect of insurmountable 
difficulties. 

DE-SPOND'ENT, a. Losing courage at the loss of hope ; 
sinking into dejection ; depressed and inactive in despair. 

DE-SPOND'ENT-LY, adv. Without hope. 

DE-SPOND'ER, n. One destitute of hope. 

DE-SPOND'ING,ppr. Losing courage to act, in consequence 
of loss of hope, or of deep calamity, or of difficulties deem- 
ed insunnountable ; sinking into dejection ; despairing, 
with depression of spirits. 

DE-SPOND'ING-LY, adv. In a desponding manner ; with 
dejection of spirits 5 despairingly. 

t DE-SPONS'ATE, r. f . [L. desponso.] To betroth. 

t DES-PON-Sa'TION, 71. A betrothing. 

DESPOT, n. [Gr. SeanoTvi.] An emperor, king or prince 
invested with absolute power, or ruling without any con- 
trol from men, constitution or laws. Hence, in a general 
sense, a tyrant. 

DES-POT'I€, ) a. 1. Absolute in power ; independent 

DES-POT'I-€AL, \ of control from men, constitution or 
laws ; arbitrary in the exercise of power. 2. Unlimited 
or unrestrained by constitution, laws or men ; absolute. 
3. Tyrannical. 

DES-POT'I-€AL-LY, adv. With unlimited power ; arbitra- 
rily ; in a despotic manner. 

DES-POT'I-€AL-NESS, n. Absolute authority. 

DES'POT-ISM, n. [Sp. despotismo.] 1. Absolute power; 
authority unlimited and uncontrolled by men, constitution 
or laws, and depending alone on the will of the prince. 2. 
An arbitrary government, as that of Turkey and Persia, 

DES'PU-MATE, v. i. [L. despumo.] To foam ; to froth ; to 
form froth or scum. 

DES-PU-Ma'TION, 71. The act of throwing off excremen- 
titious matter, and forming a froth or scmn on the surface 
of liquor; clarification; scumming. 

DES-aUA-MA'TION, n. [L. desquamo.] A scalinsr or ex- 
foliation of bone ; the separation of the cuticle in small 
scales. 

t DESS, for desk. Chaucer. Spenser. 

DESS, V. t. 1. To cut a section of hay from the stack. 2. 
To lav close together ; to pile up in order. Grose. 

DES-SERT', (dez-zert') n. [Fr. dessert.] A service of fruits 
and sweetmeats, at the close of an entertainment ; the 
last course at the table, after the meat is removed. 

DES'TI-NATE, v. t. [L. destino, destinatus.] To design or 
appoint. [Seldom used.] See Destine. 

DES'TI-NATE, a. Appomted ; destined ; determined. 

DES-TI-Na'TION, 71. [L. destinatio.] 1. The act of destin- 
ing, or appointing. 2. The purpose for which any thing 
is intended or appointed ; end or ultunate design. 3. The 
place to which a thing is appointed. 

DES'TiNE, v. t [L. destino.] 1. To set, ordain or appoint 
to a use, purpose, state or place. 2. To fix unalterably, 
as by a divine decree. 3. To doom ; to devote : to ap- 
point unalterably. 

DES'TINED, pp. Ordamed ; appointed by previous deter- 
mination ; devoted ; fixed unalterably. 



DES'TIN-ING, ppr. Ordaining ; appointing. 

DES'TI-NY, n. [Fr. destin.] 1. State or condition appointed 
^ or predetermined ; ultimate fate. 2. Invincible necessi- 
ty ; fate ; a necessity or fixed order of things established 
by a divine decree. — Destinies, the fates, or supposed 
powers which preside over human life, spin it out and de- 
termine it, 

DES'TI-TUTE, a. [L. destitutus.] 1. Not having or pos- 
sessing ; wanting. 2. Needy ; abject ; comfortless ; 
friendless. 

DES'TI-TUTE, n. One who is without friends or comfort. 

t DES'TI-TUTE, v. t. 1. To forsake. 2. To deprive. 

DES-TI-Tu'TION, n. Want ; absence of a thing ; a state 
in which something is wanted or not possessed ; poverty. 
Hooker. 

DE-STROY', V. t. [L. destruo.] 1. To demolish ; to pull 
down ; to separate the parts of an edifice, the union of 
which is necessary to constitute the thing. 2. To ruin ; 
to annihilate a thing by demolishing or by burning. 3. 
To ruin ; to bring to naught ; to annihilate. 4. To lay 
waste ; to make desolate. 5. To kill ; to slay ; to extir 
pate. 6. To take away ; to cause to cease ; to put an end 
to. 7. To kill ; to eat ; to devour ; to consume. 8. To 
put an end to ; to annihilate a thing or the form in which 
it exists.— 9. In chemistry, to resolve a body into its parts 
or elements. 

DE-STROY' A-BLE, a. That may be destroyed. 

DE-STROY'ED, (de-stroyd') pp. Demolished; pulled down , 
ruined ; annihilated ; devoured ; swept away, &c. 

DE-STROY'ER, n. One who destroys, or lays waste ; one 
who kills a man, or an animal, or who ruins a country, 
cities, &c. 

DE-STROY'ING, ppr. Demolishing ; laying waste ; killing ; 
annihilating ; putting an end to. 

DE-STROY'ING, n. Destruction. Milton. 

t DE-STRU€T', for destroy, is not used. 

DE-STRU€-TI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being capable 
of destruction. 

DE-STRU€'TI-BLE, a. [L. destruo, destructum.] Liable 
to destruction ; capable of being destroyed. 

DE-STRU€'TION, n. [L. destructio.] 1. The act of de- 
stroying ; demolition; apullingdown ; subversion; ruin, 
by whatever means. 2. Death ; murder ; slaughter ; mas- 
sacre. 3. Ruin. 4. Eternal death. 5. Cause of destruc- 
tion ; a consummg plague ; a destroyer. 

DE-STRU€'TIVE, a. Causing destruction ; having the 
quality of destroying ; ruinous ; mischievous ; pernicious. 

DE-STRU€'TIVE-LY, adv. With destruction ; ruinously ; 
mischievously ; with power to destroy. 

DE-STRU€'TIVE-NESS, n. The quality of destroying or 
ruining, 

t DE-STRUC'TOR, n. A destroyer ; a consumer. 

DES-U-Da'TION, n. [L. desudo.] A sweating ; a profuse 
or morbid sweating, succeeded by an eruption of pustules, 
called heat-pimples, 

DES'UE-TUDE, (des'swe-tude) n. [L. desuetudo.] The 
cessation of use ; disuse ; discontinuance of practice, cus- 
tom or fashion. 

DE-SUL'PHU-RATE, «. «. [L. de, and sulphurate.] To de- 
prive of sulphur. Chemistry. 

DE-SUL'PHU-RA-TED, j)^. Deprived of sulphur, 

DE-SUL'PHU-RA-TING, ppr. Depriving of sulphur. 

DE-SUL-PHU-Ra'TION, 74. The act or operation of depriv 
ing of sulphur. 

*DES'UL-T0-RI-LY, adv. In a desultory manner ; without 
method ; loosely. 

* DES'UL-TO-RI-NESS, 71. A desultory manner; uncon- 
nectedness ; a passing from one thing to another without 
order or method. 

* DES'UL-TO-RY, or DES-UL-TO'RI-OUS, a. [L. desulto- 
rius.] 1. Leaping ; passing from one thing or subject to 
another, without order or natural connection ; unconnect 
ed ; immethodical. 2. Coming suddenly ; started at the 
moment ; not proceeding from natural order or connection 
with_what precedes. 

fDE-SuME', V. t. [L. desumo.] To take from ; to borrow. 

DE-TACH', V. t. ['Fi. detacher.] 1. To separate or disunite ; 
to disengage ; to part from. 2. To separate men from 
their companies or regiments ; to draw from companies or 
regiments, as a party of men, and send them on a particu- 
lar service. 3. To select ships from a fleet, and send them 
on a separate service. 

DE-TACH'ED, (de-taclif) pp. 1. Separated ; parted from 
disunited ; drawn and sent on a separate service. 2. a 
Separate. 

DE-TACH'ING, ppr. Separating ; parting from ; drawing 
and sending on a separate employment. 

DE-TACII'M"ENT, n. 1. The act of detaching or separat- 
ing. 2. Abodyof troops, selected or taken from the main 
army, and employed on some special service or expedi- 
tion. 3. A number of ships, taken from a fleet, and sent 
on a separate service. 

DE-TaIL', v. t. [Fr. detailler.] 1. To relate, report or nar- 
rate in particulars ; to recite the particulars of; to partic- 



* See S7j7iopsis. 



MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ; 
"16 



-BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z j CH as SH ; TH as in this, f ObsoleU. 



DET 



2i2 



DET 



ularlze ; to relate minutely and distinctly. 2. To select, 
as an officer or soldier from a division. Law of Mass. 

DE-TaIL', 71. [Fr.l 1. A narration or report of particu- 
lars ; a minute and particular account. 2. A selecting of 
officers or soldiers from the rosters. 

DE-TaIL'ED, (de-tald') pp. Related in particulars ; mi- 
nutely recited ; selected. 

DE-TaIL'ER, n. One who details. 

DE-TaIL'ING, ppr. 1. Relating minutely ; telling the par- 
ticulars. 2. Selecting I'^om the rosters. 

DE-TaIN', v. t. [L. detineo.] 1. To keep back or from ; to 
withhold ; to keep what belongs to another. 2. To keep 
or restrain from proceeding, either going or coming 5 to 
stay or stop. 3. To hold in custody. 

DE-TaIN'DER, n. A writ. See Detinue. 

DE-TaIN'ED, (de-tand') pp. Withheld ; kept back ; pre- 
vented from going or coming 3 held ; restrained. 

DE-TaIN'ER, 71. 1. One who withholds what belongs to 
another ; one who detains, stops or prevents from going. — 

2. In law, a holding or keeping possession of what be- 
longs to another ; detention of what is another's, though 
the original taking may be lawful. 

DE-TaIN'ING, ;>jjr. Withholding what belongs to another ; 
holding back j restraining from going or coming ; holding 
in custody. 

DE-TaIN'MENT, n. The act of detaining ; detention. 

DE-TE€T', v. t. [L. detego, detectus.] Literally, to un- 
cover 5 hence, to discover ; to find out ; to bring to 
light. 

DE-TE€T'ED, pp. Discovered ; found out ; laid open 5 
brought to light. 

DE-TE€T'ER, n. A discoverer ; one who finds out what 
another attempts to conceal. 

DE-TE€T'ING, ppr. Discovering ; finding out. 

DE-TE€'TI0N, n. 1. The act of detecting ; discovery of a 
person or thing attempted to be concealed. 2. Discovery 
of any thing before hidden, or unknown. 

f DE-TEN'E-BRATE, v. t. [L. de and tenebrm.] To remove 
darkness. Brown. 

DE-TENT', n. [L. detentv^.] A stop in a clock, which, by 
being lifted up or let down, locks and unlocks the clock 
in striking. 

DE-TEN'TION, n. 1. The act of detaining ; a withholding 
from another his right ; a keeping what belongs to anoth- 
er, and ought to be restored. 2. Confinement ; restraint. 

3. Delay from necessity ; a detaining. 

DEi-TER', V. t. [L. deterreo.] 1. To discourage and stop by 
fear ; to stop or prevent from acting or proceeding, by 
danger, difficulty or other consideration which disheart- 
ens, or countervails the motive for an act. 2. To prevent 
by prohibition or danger. 

DE-TER6E', (de-terj') v. t. [L. detergo.] To cleanse ; to 
purge away foul or offending matter, from the body, or 
from an ulcer. 

DE-TER6'ED, (de-terjd') pp. Cleansed; purged. 

DE-TERG'ENT, a. Cleansing ; purging. 

DE-TER6'ENT, n. A medicine that has the power of 
cleansing the vessels or skin from offending matter. 

DE-TER6'ING, ppr. Cleansing ; carrying off obstmctions 
or foul matter. 

DE-Te'RI-O-RATE, v. i. [Fr. deteriorer.] To grow worse ; 
to be impaired in quality ; to degenerate ; opposed to 
meliorate. 

DE-TE'RI-O-RATE, v. t. To make worse ; to reduce in 
quality. Paley. 

DE-Te'RI-O-RA-TED, pp. Made worse ; impaired in qual- 
ity. 

DE-Te'RI-O-RA-TING, ppr. Becoming worse or inferior 
in quality. 

DE-TE-RI-0-Ra'TION, n. A growing or making worse ; 
the state of growing worse. 

DE-TE-RI-OR'I-TY, n. Worse state or quality. Ray. 

DE-TER'MENT, 11. The act of deterring ; the cause of de- 
terring ; that which deters. Boyle. 

DE-TERM'I-NA-BLE, a. I. That may be decided with 
certainty. Boyle. 2. That may end or be determined. 

DE-TERM'I-NATE, a. [L. determinatus .] 1. Limited; 
fixed ; definite. 2. Established ; settled ; positive. 3. 
Decisive ; conclusive. 4. Resolved on. 5. Fixed ; reso- 
lute. 

tDE-TERM'I-NATE, v. t. To limit. 

DE-TERM'I-NATE-LY, adv. 1. With certamty. 2. Reso- 
lutely ; with fixed resolve ; [iimisual.] 

DE-TERM'I-NATE-NESS,n. The state of being determi- 
nate, certain or precise. 

DE-TERM-I-Na'TION, n. 1. The act of determining or 
deciding. 2. Decision of a question in the mind ; firm 
resolution ; settled purpose. 3. Judicial decision ; the 
ending of a controversy or suit by the judgment of a court. 
4. Absolute direction to a certain end. 5. An ending; 
a putting an end to. 

DE-TERM'I-NA-TIVE, a. 1. That uncontrollably directs 
to a certain end. 2. Limiting ; that limits or bounds. 

DE-TERM'I-NA-TOR, n. One who determines. 



DE-TERM'INE, v. t. [L. determino.] 1. To end ; particu 
larly, to end by the aecision or conclusion of a cause, or 
of a doubtful or controverted point ; applicable to the de- 
cisions of the mind, or to judicial decisions. 2. To end 
and fix ; to settle ultimately. 3. To fix on ; to settle or 
establish. 4. To end ; to limit ; to bound ; to confine. 
5. To give a direction to ; to influence the choice ; that is, 
to limit to a particular purpose or direction. 6. To re- 
solve, that is, to end or settle a point in the mind. 7. To 
destroy ; [not used.] Shak. 8. To put an end to. 9. To 
settle or ascertain, as something uncertain. 
DE-TERM'iNE, v. i. 1. To resolve ; to conclude ; to come 

to a decision. 2. To end ; to terminate. 
DE-TERM'iNED, pp. 1. Ended ; concluded ; decided , 
limited ; fixed ; settled ; resolved ; directed. 2. a. Hav- 
ing a firm or fixed purpose ; or manifesting a firm resolu- 
tion. 
DE-TERM'IN-ER, n. One who makes a determination 
DE-TERM'IN-ING, ppr. Ending ; deciding ; fixing ; set- 
tling ; resolving ; Imriting ; directing. 
DE-TER-Ra'TION, n. [L. de and terra.] The uncovering 
of any thing which is buried or covered with earth ; tak- 
ing from out of the earth. 
DE-TER'RED, (de-terd') pp. Discouraged or prevented 

from proceeding or acting, by fear, difficulty or danger. 
DE-TER'RING, ppr. 1. Discouraging or influencing not to 
proceed or act, by fear, difficulty, danger, or prospect of 
evil. 2. a. Discouraging ; frightening. 
DE-TER'SION, n. [L. deter sus.] The act of cleansing, as a 

sore. 
DE-TER'SIVE, a. [It. detersivo.] Cleansing ; having power 

to cleanse from offending matter. 
DE-TER'SIVE, n. A medicine which has the power of 

cleansing ulcers, or carrying off foul matter. 
DE-TEST', V. t. [L. detestor.] To abhor ; to abominate j to 

hate extremely. 
DE-TEST' A-BLE, a. Extremely hateful ; abominable ; very 

odious ; deserving abhorrence. 
DE-TEST'A-BLE-NESS, n. Extreme hatefulness. 
DE-TEST' A-BLY, adv. Very hatefully ; abominably. 
DET-ES-Ta'TION, n. Extreme hatred ; abhorrence. 
DE-TEST'ED,pp. Hated extremely : abhorred. 
DE-TEST'ER, n. One who abhors. 
DE-TEST'ING, ppr. Hating extremely ; abhorring ; abom- 

inating._ 
DE-THRoNE', v. t. [Fr. detrdner.] 1. To remove or drive 
from a throne ; to depose 3 to divest of royal authority and 
dignity. 2. To divest of rule or power, or of supreme 
power. 
DE-THRoN'ED, (de-thr5nd') pp. Removed from a throne ; 

deposed. 
DE-THRoNE'MENT, n. Removal from a throne ; deposi- 
tion of a king, emperor or prince. 
DE-THRoN'ER, n. One who dethrones. 
DE-THRoN'ING, ppr. Driving from a throne ; depriving 

of regal power. 
t DE-THRoN'iZE, v. t. To unthrone. Cotgrave. 
* DET'I-NuE, n. [Fr. detenu.] In law, a writ of detinue is 
one that lies against him who wrongfiilly detains goods or 
chattels delivered to him, or in his possession. 
DET'O-NATE, v. t, [L. detono.] In chemistry, to cause to 

explode ; to bum or inflame with a sudden report. 
DET'O-NATE, v. i. To explode ; to burn with a sudden 

report. Nitre detonates with sulphur. 
DET'O-NA-TED, pp. Exploded ; burnt with explosion. 
DET'0-NA-TING, ppr. Exploding ; inflaming with a sud- 
den report. 
DET-O-Na'TION, n. An explosion or sudden report made 
by the inflammation of certain combustible bodies, as ful- 
minating gold. 
DET-O-NI-Za'TION, n. The act of exploding, as certain 

combustible bodies. 
DET'O-NiZE, V. t. To cause to explode ; to burn with an 

explosion ; to Calcine with detonation. 
DET'O-NiZE, V. i. To explode ; to burn with a sudden 

report. 
DET'O-NlZED, pp. Exploded, as a combustible body. 
DET'O-NlZ-ING, pjrr. Exploding with a sudden report 
DE-TOR'SION, n. A turnhig or wresting ; perversion. 
DE-TORT', ?j. t. [L. detortus.] To twist ; to wrest; toper 

vert ; to turn from the original or plain meaning. 
DE-TORT'ED, pp. Twisted ; wrested ; perverted. 
DE-TORT'ING, ppr. Wresting ; perverting. 
DE-TOUR', 71. [Fr.] A turning; a circuitous way. 
DE-TRACT', V. t. [L. detractum.] 1. Literally, to draw 
from. Hence, to take away from reputation or merit ; 
to detract from, is to lessen or depreciate reputation or 
worth ; to derogate from. 2. To take away ; to with- 
draw. 
DE-TRA€'TION, n. [L. dctractio.] The act of taking 
something from the reputation or worth of another, with 
the view to lessen him in estimation ; censure : a lessen- 
ing of worth ; the act of depreciating another, from envy 
or malice. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, U, Y, long.— FKK, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— j Obsolete. 



DEV 



243 



DEV 



f DE-TRA€'TIOUS, a. Containing detraction; lessening 
reputation. 

DE-TRA€T'IVE, a. Having the quality or tendency to les- 
sen the worth or estimation. 

DE-TRA€T'OR, n. One who takes away or impairs the 
reputation of another injuriously ; one who attempts to 
lessen the worth or honor of another. 

DE-TRA€T'0-RY, a. Derogatory ; defamatory by denial 
of desert; with^om. Boyle. 

DE-TRA€T'RESS, n. A female detractor; a censorious 
woman. 

t DE-TRE€T', v. t [L. detrecto.] To refuse. Fatherly. 

t DE-TRE€-Ta'TION, n. A refusing to do a thing. 

DET'RI-MENT,n. [L. detrimentum.] Loss; damage; inju- 
ry ; mischief; harm ; diminution. 

DET-RI-MENT'AL, a. Injurious ; hurtful ; causing loss or 
damage. 

DE-TRl"TION, n. [L. detero.] A wearing off. Stevens. 

DE-TRI'TUS, 11. [L. detritus.] In geology, a mass of sub- 
stances worn off or detached from solid bodies by attri- 
tion. 

DE-TRtJDE', V. t. [L. detrude.] To thrust down ; to push 
down with force. Locke. 

DE-TRuD'ED, pp. Thrust or forced down. 

DE-TRtJD'ING, j?;)r. Thrusting or forcing down. 

DE-TRUN€'ATE, v. t. [L. detrunco.} To cut off; to lop ; 
to shorten by cutting. 

DET-RUN-€a'TION, n. The act of cutting off. 

DE-TRU'SION, n. The act of thrusting or driving down. 

t DET-UR-Ba'TION, M. {L. deturbo.'] Degradation. 

DE-TURP'ATE, v. t. [L. deturpo.] To defile. [Little used.] 
Taylor. 

DEuCE, n. [Fr. deux.] Two ; a card with two spots ; a 
di^ with two spots. 

DEuCE, n. A demon. See Duse. 

DEU-TER-OG'A-MIST, n. One who marries the second 
time. Goldsmith. 

DEU-TER-OG'A-MY, n. [Gr. StvTtgog and yajios.] A sec- 
ond marriage, after the death of the first husband or wife. 
Qoldsmith. 

DEU-TER-QN'O-MY, n. [Gr. ^turcpo? and voji/o?.] The sec- 
ond law, or second giving of the law by Moses ; the name 
given to the fifth book of the pentateuch. 

t DEU-TER-OS'€0-PY, n. The second intention ; the mean- 
ing beyond the literal sense. 

DEU-TOX'YD, n. [Gr. ^eurepoj, and oxyd.] In chemistry, a 
substance oxydized in the second degree. 

DE-VAP-O-RA'TION, n. The change of vapor into water, 
as in the generation of rain. 

t DE-VAST', V. t. [L. devasto.] To lay waste ; to plun- 
der. 

DEV'AS-TATE, v. t. [L. devasto.] To lay waste ; to 
waste ; to ravage ; to desolate ; to destroy improvements. 

DEV'AS-TA-TED,pp. Laid waste; ravaged. 

DEV'AS-TA-TING, ppr. Laying waste ; desolating. 

DEV-AS-Ta'TION, 71. \Tl,. devastatia.] 1. Waste ; ravage ; 
desolation ; destruction of works of art and natural pro- 
ductions which are necessary or useful to man ; havock. 
— 2. In law, waste of the goods of the deceased by an ex- 
ecutor, or administrator. 

DE-VEL'oP, V. t. [Fr. developper.] 1. To uncover ; to un- 
fold ; to lay open ; to disclose or make known something 
concealed or withheld from notice. 2. To unravel ; to 
unfold what is intricate. 

DE-VEL'oPED, pp. Unfolded ; laid open ; unraveled. 

DE-VEL'6P-ING, ppr. Unfolding ; disclosing ; unraveling. 

DE-VEL'6P-MENT, 71. 1. An unfolding; the discovering 
of something secret or withheld from tlie knowledge of 
others ; disclosure ; full exhibition. 2. The unraveling 
of a plot. 

DEV-E-NUS'TATE, v. t. [L. devenusto.] To deface ; to 
despoil. Waterhouse. 

f DE-VER6'ENCE, n. [L. devergentia.] Declivity; decli- 
nation. 

DE-VEST', V. t. [Fr. devHir. Generally written divest.] 

1. To strip; to deprive of clothing or arms ; to take ofi^ 

2. To deprive; to take away. [See Divest.] 3. To free 
from ; to disengage. — 4. In law, to alienate, as title or 
right 

DE-VEST', V. i. In law, to be lost or alienated, as a title or 
an estate. [This word is generally written divest, except 
in the latter" and legal sense.] 

DE-VEST'ED, j>;7. Stripped of clothes, deprived; freed 
from ; alienated or lost, as title. 

DE-VEST'ING, pp?-. Stripping of clothes ; depriving; free- 
ing from ; alienating. 

IDE- VEX', a. [L. devexus.] Bending down. 

f DE-VEX',m. Devexity. May. 

DE-VEX'I-TY, 71. [L. devexitas.] A bending downward ; a 
sloping ; incurvation downward. 

DE'VI-ATE, v. i. [It. deviare.] 1. To turn aside or wan- 
der from the common or right way, course or line, either 



in a literal or figurative sense. 2. To stray from the path 
of duty ; to wander, in a moral sense; to err ; to sin. 

DE-VI-a'TION, n. 1. A wandering or turning aside from 
the riglit way, course or line. 2- Variation from a com- 
mon or established rule, or from analogy. 3. A wander- 
ing from the path of duty ; want, of conformity to the 
rules prescribed by God ; error ; sin ; obliquity of con- 
duct. — 4. In commerce, the voluntary departure of a ship, 
without necessity, from the regular and usual course of 
the specific voyage insured. 

DE-VlCE', n. [Fr. devis, devise.] 1. That which is formed 
by design, or mvented; scheme; artificial contrivance ; 
stratagem ; project. 2. An emblem intended to repre- 
sent a family, person, action or quality, with a suitable 
motto ; used in painting, sculpture and heraldry. 3 In- 
vention : genius ; faculty of devising. 4. A spectacle or 
show ; [obs.] Beaumont. 

DE-VlCE'FUL, a. Full of devices ; inventive. Spenser. 

DE-VlCE'FUL-LY, adv. In a manner curiously contrived 

DEVIL, (dev'l) n. [Sax. diafol ; D. duivel ; G. teufel.] 1. 
In the Christian theology, an evil spirit or being ; a fallen 
angel, expelled from heaven for rebellion against God ; 
the chief of the apostate angels; the iniplacable enemy 
acd tempter of the human race. In the JVew Testament, 
tue word is frequently and erroneously used for demon. 

2. A very wicked person. 3. An idol, or false god. 
DEV'IL-ING, 71. A young devil. [J\rot in use.] Beaumont 
DEV'IL-ISH, a. 1. Partaking of the qualities of the devil ; 

diabolical ; very evil and mischievous ; malicious. 2. 

Having communication with the devil ; pertaining to the 

devil. 3. Excessive ; enormous. 
DEV'IL-ISH-LY, adv. 1. In a manner suiting the devil ; 

diabolically ; wickedly. 2. Greatly ; excessively. 
DEV'IL-ISH-NESS, n. The qualities of the devil, 
t DEVIL-ISM, 71. The state of devils. Bp. Hall. 
t DEVIL-lZE, v. t. To place among devils. Bp. Hall. 
DEVIL-KIN, n. A little devil. Clarissa. 
DEVIL-SHIP, 71. The character of a devil. 
De'VI-OUS, a. [L. devius.] 1. Out of the common way or 

track. 2. Wandering ; roving ; rambling. 3. Erring ; 

going astray from rectitude or the divine precepts 
DE-ViR'GlN-ATE, v. t. [Low L. devirgino.] To deflour. 

Sandys. 
DE-ViS'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be bequeathed or given by 

will. 2. That can be invented or contrived. 
DE-VlSE', V. t. [Fr. deviser.] 1. To invent ; to contrive ; 

to form in the mind by new combinations of ideas, new 

applications of principles, or new arrangement of parts ; 

to excogitate ; to strike out by thought ; to plan ; to 

scheme ; to project. 2. To give or bequeath by will, as 

land or other real estate. 
DE-VlSE', V. i. To consider ; to contrive ; to lay a plan ; 

to form a scheme. 
DE-VlSE', n. 1. Primarily, a dividing or division ; hence, 

the act of bequeathing by will ; the act of giving or dis- 
tributing real estate by a testator. 2. A will or testament. 

3. A share of estate bequeathed. 

fDE-yiSE', 77. Contrivance; scheme invented. Hooker. 

DE-VlS'ED, (de-vizd') pp. Given by will ; bequeathed ; 
contrived. 

DEV-I-SEE',7i. The person to whom a devise is made; one 
to whom real estate is bequeathed. 

DE-ViS'ER, 71. One who contrives or invents ; a contriver ; 
an inventor. Grew. 

DE-VlS'ING, ppr. 1. Contriving; inventing; forming a 
scheme or plan. 2. Giving by will ; bequeathing. 

DE-VlS'OR, 71. One who gives by will ; one who bequeaths 
lands or tenements. Blackstone. 

t DE VI-TA-BLE, a. Avoidable. 

t DEV-I-Ta'TION, 71. An escaping. 

f DEV-0-€a'TION, 71. [L. devocatio.] A calling away ; se- 
duction. Hallyicell. 

DE-VOID', a. [de and void.] 1. Void ; empty ; vacant. 2. 
Destitute ; not possessing. 3. Free from. 

DE-VOIR', (dev-wor') n. [Fr. devoir.] Primarily, service or 
duty. Hence, an act of civility or respect ; respectful no- 
tice due to another. 

DEV-O-LtJ'TION, n. [L. devolutio.] 1. The act of rolling 
down. 2. Removal from one person to another ; a pass- 
ing or falling upon a successor. 

DE-VOLVE', (de-volv') v. t. [L. devolvoJ 1. To roll down ; 
to pour or flow with windings. 2. To move from one 
person to another ; to deliver over, or from one possessor 
to a successor. 

DE-VOLVE', (de-volv') v. i. Literally, to roll down ; hence, 
to pass from one to another ; to fall by succession from 
one possessor to his successor. 

DE-VOLVED, (de-volvd') pp. Rolled down ; passed over 
to another. 

DE-VOLVING, ppr. Rolling down ; falling to a successor. 

t DE-Vo'TA-RY, 71. A votary. Gregory. 

DE-VoTE', V. t. [L. devoveo, devotus.] 1. To appropriate 
by vow ; to set apart or dedicate by a solemn act j to con- 
secrate. 2. To give up wholly ; to addict ; to direct the 



* See Sijnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE;— BIJLL, UNITE.— €asK; 6as J; SasZ; CHasSH; TH as in tAw. t Obsolett 



DEX 



244 



DIA 



attention wholly or chiefly ; to attach. 3. To give up ; 
to resign. 4. To doom; to consign over. 5. To exe- 
crate : to doom to evil. 

DE-VoTE'. a. Devoted. Milton. 

DE-VoTE'^ n. A devotee. Sandys. 

])E-VoT'ED, jjp Appropriated by vow ; solemnly set apart 
or dedicated ; consecrated ; addicted ; given up ; doom- 
ed, consigned. 

DE-VoT'ED-NESS, n. The state of being devoted or given ; 
addictedness. Milner. 

UEV-0-TEE', n. [Fr." devot.] One who is wholly devoted ; 
particularly, one given wholly to religion ; one who is 
superstitiously given to religious duties and ceremonies ; 
a bigot. 

DE-VoTE'MENT, n. 1. Devotedness ; devotion. 2. Vow- 
ed dedication. Mason. 

DE-VoT'ER, 7*. One that devotes ; also, a worshiper. 

DE-VoT'ING, pjyr. Giving or appropriating by vow ; sol- 
emnly setting apart or dedicating ; consecrating ; giving 
wholly ; addicting ; dooming ; consigning. 

I)E-Vo'TION, n. 1. The state of being dedicated, conse- 
crated, or solemnly set apart for a particular purpose. 2. 
A solemn attention to the Supreme Being in worship ; a 
yielding of the heart and affections to God ; devoutness. 

3. External worship ; acts of religion ; performance of re- 
ligious duties. 4. Prayer to the Supreme Being. 5. An 
act of reverence, respect or ceremony. 6. Ardent love or 
affection,- attachment manifested by constant attention. 
7. Earnestness ; ardor ; eagerness. 8. Disposal ; power 
of dijposing of: state of dependence. 

DE-Vo'TION-AIi, a. 1. Pertaining to devotion ; used in 
devotion. 2. Suited to devotion. 

DE-Vo'TION-AL-IST, ) n. A person given to devotion ; or 

DE-Vo'TION-IST, \ one superstitiously or formally 
devout. 

tDE-Vo'TO, w. [It.] A devotee. Spenser. 

j DE-Vo'TOR, n. One who reverences or worships. 

DE-VOUR', V. t. [L. devoro.] 1. To eat up; to eat with 
greediness ; to eat ravenously, as a beast of prey, or as a 
hungry man. 2. To destroy ; to consume with rapidity 
and violence. 3. To destroy ; to annihilate ; to consume. 

4. To waste ; to consume ; to spend in dissipation and 
riot. 5. To consume wealth and substance by fraud, op- 
pression, or illegal exactions. 6. To destroy spiritually ; 
to ruin the soul. 7. To slay. 8. To enjoy with avid- 
ity. 

I)E-VOUR'ED, (de-vourd') pp. Eaten; swallowed with 
greediness ; consumed ; destroyed ; wasted ; slain. 

DE-VOIIR'ER, n. One who devours ; he or that which eats, 
consumes or destroys ; he that preys on. 

DE-VOUR'ING, ppr. Eating greedily ; consuming ; wast- 
ing; destroying: annihilating. 

DE-VOUR'ING-LY, adv. In a devouring manner. 

DE-VOUT', a. [It. devoto ; Fr. devot.] 1. Yielding a sol- 
emn and reverential attention to God in religious exer- 
cises, particularly in prayer. 2. Pious ; devoted to reli- 
gion ; religious. 3. Expressing devotion or piety. 4. 
Sincere ; solemn ; earnest. 

t DE-VOUT', n. A devotee. Sheldon. 

DE-VOUT'LESS, a. Destitute of devotion. 

DE-VOUT LESS-NESS, ?i. Want of devotion, 

DE-VOUT'LY, adv. 1. With solemn attention and rever- 
ence to God; with ardent devotion. 2. Piously; re- 
ligiously ; with pious thoughts. 3. Sincerely ; solemnly ; 
earnestly. 

DE-VOUT'NESS, n. The quality of being devout. 

t DE-VOW, V. t. To give up. B. Jonson. 

DEW, n. [Sax. deaw.] The water or moisture collected or 
deposited on or near the surface of the earth, during the 
night, by the escape of the heat which held the water in 
solution. 

DEW, V. t. To wet with dew ; to moisten. Milton. 

DEW'BENT, a. Bent by the dew. Thomson. 

DEW-BER-RY, n. The fruit of a species of brier or bram- 
ble, that creeps along the ground, of the genus rubus. 

DEW-BE-SPAN-GLED, a. Spangled with dew-drops. 

t DEW'-BE-SPRENT', a. Sprinkled with dew. Milton. 

DEW'-BE-SPRIN'KLED, a. Sprinkled with dew. 

DEW-DROP, n. A drop of dew, which sparkles at sun- 
rise ; a spangle of dew. Milton. 

DEW'-DROP-PING, a. Wetting as with dew. 

DEWED, pp. Moistened with dew. 

DEW-IM-PEARL'ED, a. Covered with dew-drops, like 
pearls. Drayton. 

DEWING, ppr. Wetting or moistening with dew. 

DEW-LAP, n. 1. The flesh that hangs from the throat of 
oxen, which laps or licks the dew in grazing.— 2. In 
Shakspeare, a lip flaccid with age. 

DEW'-LAPT, a. Furnished with a dew-lap. 

DEW'-WoRM, n. A worm, called otherwise earth-worm, 
a species of lumbricus. 

DEWY, a. 1. Partaking of dew ; like dew. 2. Moist with 
dew. 

DEX'TER, a. [L. dexter.'] Right, as opposed to left ; a term 



used in heraldry, to denote the right side of a shield or 

coat of arms. 

DEX-TER'I-TY, n. [L. dexteritas.] 1. Readiness of limbs; 
adroitness ; activity ; expertness ; skill ; that readiness in 
performing an action, which proceeds from experience or 
practice, united with activity or quick motion. 2. Read- 
iness of mind or mental faculties, as in contrivance, or 
inventing means to accomplish a purpose ; promptness in 
devising expedients ; quickness and skill in managing or 
conducting a scheme of operations. 

DEX'TRAL, a. Right, as opposed to left. Brown. 

DEX-TRAL'I-TY, n. The state of being on the right side. 

DEX-TROR'SAL, a. Rising from right to left, as a spira 
line or helix. 

DEX'TROUS, a. 1. Ready and expert in the use of the 
body and limbs ; skilful and active in manual employ- 
ment ; adroit. 2. Ready in the use of the mental facuJ- 
ties ; prompt in contrivance and management ; expert ; 
quick at inventing expedients. 3. Skilful ; artful ; done 
with dexterity ; as, dextrous management. 

DEX'TROUS-LY, adv. With dexterity ; expertly ; skilful 
ly ; artfully ; adroitly ; promptly. 

DEX'TROUS-NESS, n. Dexterity ; adroitness. 

DEY, n. The title of the governor of Algiers. 

DI, a prefix, a contraction of dis, denotes from, separation 
or negation, or two. 

DIA, Greek, a prefix, denotes through. 

Dl'A-BASB', 71. Another name oi greenstone. 

Di-AB-A-TE'RI-AL, a. [Gr. iia^aivw.] Border-passing. 
Mitford. 

Di-A-Be'TES, n. [Gr. J£aj8?7r>7f.] Along-continued increas- 
ed quantity of urine ; an excessive and morbid discharge 
of urine. Coxe. 

Di-A-BET'ie, a. Pertaining to diabetes. 

Dl-A-B0L'1€, ) a. [L. diabolus.] Devilish ; pertaining 

Dl-A-BOL'I-€AL, \ to the devil ; hence, extremely mali- 
cious ; impious ; atrocious ; nefarious ; outrageously wick- 
ed ; partaking of any quality ascribed to the devU. 

Dl-A-BOL'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a diabolical manner ; very 
wickedly ; nefariously. 

Dl-A-BOL'I-€AL-NESS, n. The qualities of the devil. 

Di-A-BOL'I-FY, V. t. To ascribe diabolical qualities to. 

DI-AB'O-LISM, 71. 1. The actions of the devil. " 
sion by the devil. Warburton. 

Dl-A-eAUS'Tie, a. [Gr. iiuKaia).] Belonging to curves 
formed by refraction. Bailey. 

Dl-A€H'Y-LON, n. [Gr. ^ta and %'jXo5.] An emollient plas- 
ter. 

Dl-AC'0-NAL, a. [L. diaconus.] Pertaining to a deacon. 

Dl-A-€OUS'TI€, a. [Gt.SiaKovu).] Pertaining to the science 
or doctrine of refracted sounds. 

DI-A-€OUS'TI€S, n. The science or doctrine of refracted 
sounds ; the consideration of the properties of sound re- 
fracted by passing through diflerent mediums ; called also 
diaphonics. 

DI-A-€RIT'I-€AL, or Dl-A-€RIT/I€, a. [Gr. SiaKpiTiKog.] 
That separates or distinguishes ; distinctive. 

Dl'A-DELPH, n. [Gr. Sis, Si and aSeXipos.] In botany, a 
plant whose stamens are united into two bodies or bundles 
by their filaments. 

Di-A-DELPH'I-AN, a. Having its stamens united into two 
bodies by their filaments. 

Dl'A-DEM, 71. [Gr. dLaSrifxa.] I. Anciently, a head-band or 
fillet worn by kings as a badge of royalty. — 2. In modern 
usage, the mark or badge of royalty, worn on the head ; 
a crown ; and, figuratively, empire ; supreme power. 3. 
A distinguished or principal ornament. 

Dl'A-DEMED, a. Adorned with a dialiem ; crowned 
ornamented. Pope. 

Dl'A-DRoM, n. [Gr. haEpoiar].] A course or passing ; a 
vibration ; the time in which the vibration of a pendulum 
is perfoiined. 

Dl-^R'E-SIS, Dl-ER'E-SIS, or Dl-ER'E-SY, n. [Gr 
Siaipeaig.] The dissolution of a diphthong ; the mark ( •• ) 
placed over two vowels, denoting that they are to be pro- 
nounced as distinct letters ; as, aer. 

Dl-AG-NOS'TI€, d\ [Gr. SiayvwariKos.] Distinguishing , 
characteristic ; indicating the nature of a disease. 

Dl-AG-NOS'TI€, n. The sign or symptom by which a dis- 
ease is known or distinguished from others. 

Dl-AG'0-NAL, a, [Gr. Siaywvios.] 1. In geometry, ex- 
tending from one angle to another of a quadrilateral fig- 
ure, and dividing it into two equal parts. 2. Being in an 
angular direction. 

Di-AG'0-NAL, n. A right line drawn from angle to angle 
of a quadrilateral figure, as a square or parallelogram, and 
dividing it into two equal parts. 

Dl-AG'O-NAL-LY, adv. In a diagonal direction 

Dl'A-GRAM, 71. [Gr. ^taypa/x/ta.] In geometry, a figure, 
draught or scheme, delineated for the purpose of demon 
strating the properties of any figure, as a square, triangle, 
circle, &c. Anciently, a musical scale. 



See Synopsis. A, E,I, O, C, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;—PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— t Obsolete 



DIA 



245 



Die 



DI-A-GRAPHie, ) a. [Gr. Sia and yoaAb).] Descrip- 

I)l-A-GRAPH'I-eAL, i tive. 

Di-A-GRYD'I-ATES, n. Strong purgatives made with dia- 
grydium. 

Di'AL, n. [It diail.] An instrument for measuring time, 
by the aid of the sun ; being a plate or plain surface, on 
which lines are drawn in such a manner, that the shadow 
of a wire, or of the upper edge of another plane, erected 
perpendicularly on the former, may show the true time 
j)f the day. 

Di'AL-PLATE, n. The plate of a dial on which the lines 
are drawn, to show the hour or time of the day. 

DrA-LE€T, n. [Gr. SiaXeKTOs.] 1. The form or idiom of a 
language, peculiar to a province, or to a kingdom or state. 
2. Language ; speech, or manner of speaking, 

Dl-A-LEe'TI-€AL, a. 1. Pertaining to a dialect, or dia- 
lects ; not radical. 2. Logical ; argumental. 

DI-A-LE€TI-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of a dialect. 

Dl-A-LE€-Ti"CIAN, n. A logician ; a reasoner. 

Dl-A-LE€'TI€S, n. That branch of logic which teaches 
the rules and modes of reasoning. 

Dl'AL-ING, n. Tlie art of constructing dials, or of drawing 
dials on a plane. The sciateric science, or knowledge of 
^howing the time by shadows. 

Di'AL-IST, n. A constructer of dials 5 one skilled in dial- 
ing. 

Dl'AL-LAGE, n. [Gr. SiaXXayrj.] A mineral, the smarag- 
dite of Saussure. The metalloidal subspecies is called 
schillerstein, or shiller spar. 

Dl-AL'0-6lSM, 71. A feigned speech between two or more. 

Dl-AL'0-6lST, n. A speaker in a dialogue ; also, a writer 
of dialogues. Johnson. 

DI-AL-0-IiIt'iSaL j '^- having the form of a dialogue. 

Di-AL-O-GIST'I-CAL-LY, adv. In the manner of dia- 
logue. 

Dl-AL'0-6IZE, V. i. To discourse in dialogue. 

Dl'A-LOGUE, (dl'a-log) n. [Fr. dialogue.] 1. A conversa- 
tion or conference between two or more persons ; partic- 
jdarhj, a formal conversation in theatrical performances ; 
also, an exercise in colleges and schools, in which two or 
more persons carry on a discourse. 2. A written conver- 
sation, or a composition in which two or more persons are 
represented as conversing on some topic . 

t Dl'A-LOGUE, V. i. To discourse together ; to confer. 

DI'A-LOGUE-WRlT'ER, n. A writer of dialogues or 
feigned conversations. 

Dl-AL'Y-SIS, n. [Gr. 6ia\vaLS.] 1. A mark in writing or 
printing, consistmg of two points placed over one of two 
vowels, to dissolve a diphthong, or to show that the two 
vowels are to be separated in pronunciation. — 2. In medi- 
cine, debility ; also, a solution of continuity. 

t Dl-A-MAN'TlNE, for adamantine. 

Dl-AM'E-TER, n. [Gr. Siaiierpog.] 1. A right line passing 
through the centre of a circle or other curvilinear figure, 
terminated by the circumference, and dividing the figure 
into two equal parts. 2. A right line passing through the 
centre of a piece of timber, a rock or other object, from 
one side to the other. 

Dl-AM'E-TRAL, a. Diametrical, which see. 

Dl-AM'E-TRAL-LY, adv. Diametrically. 

Dl-A-MET'RI-€AL, a. 1. Describing a diameter. 2. Ob- 
serving the direction of a diameter j direct. 

Di-A-MET'RI-€AL-LY, adv. In a diametrical direction ; 
directly. 

* Dl'A-aiOND, (dl'a-mond, or di'mond) n. [Fr. diam^nt.] 
1. A mineral, gem or precious stone, of the most valuable 
kind, remarkable for its hardness, as it scratches all other 
minerals. When pure, the diamond is usually clear and 
transparent, but it is sometimes colored. 2. A very small 
printing letter. , 3. A figure, otherwise called a rhombus. 

Di'A-MOND, a. Resembling a diamond ; consisting of dia- 
monds. 

Di'A-MOND-ED, a. Having the figure of an oblique-angled 
parallelogram, or rhombus. Fuller. 

Di'A-MOND-MINE, n. A mine in which diamonds are 
found. 

Dl-AN'DER, n. [Gr. 5is, 61 and avrjp.] In botany, a plant 
having two stamens. 

Di-AWDRI-AN, a. Having two stamens. 

I DI'A-PASM, 71. FGr. Siairaacrw.] A perfume. 

DI-A-Pa'SON, } 71. [Gr. 6iaira(ru)v.] 1. In 77iMsic,the octave 

Dl'A-PASE, \ or interval which includes all the tones. 
— 9. Among musical-instrument-makers, a rule or scale by 
which they adjust the pipes of organs, the holes of flutes, 
&c., in due proportion for expressing the several tones 
and semitones. 

Dl-A-PEN'TE, n. [Gr. Sia and ttevte.] I, A fifth ; an in- 
terval making the second of the concords, and, with the 
diatessaron, an octave. — 2. In medicine, a composition of 
tive ingredients. 

DI'A-PER, 71. [Fr. diapre ; said to be from Ypres.] Figured 



linen cloth ; a cloth wove in flowers or figures ; much 
jised for towels or napkins. Hence, a towel or napkin. 

Dl'A-PER, V. t. To variegate or diversify, as cloth, with 
figures ; to flower. Spenser. 

DI'A-PER, V. i. To draw flowers or figures, as upon cloth. 

Di'A-PHaNED, a. Transparent. [Little used.} 

DT-APH-A-Ne'I-TY, 71. [Gr. ka^aveia.] The power of 
transmitting light ; transparency ; pellucidness. 

DI-A-PHAN'I€, a. [Gr. bLa<pavri?.~\ Having power to trans- 
mit light ; transparent. Raleigh. 

Dl-APH'A-NOUS, a. Having power to transmit rays of 
light, as glass ; pellucid ; transparent ; clear. 

Di-APH-0-Re'SIS, n. [Gr. Sio.^opr](ns.] Augmented per- 
spiration ; or an elimination of the humors of the body 
through the pores of the skin. 

DI-APH-0-RET'I€, a. Having the power to increase per- 
spiration ; sudorific ; sweating. 

Di-APH-0-RET'I€, n. A medicine which promotes perspi- 
ration ; a sudorific. Coxe. 

DI'A-PHRAGM, (di'a-fram) n. [Gr. Stacppayixa ] I. In 
anatomy, the midriff, a muscle separating the chest or 
thorax from the abdomen or lower belly. 2. A partition 
or dividing substance. 

Dl-A-POR'E-SIS, 71. [Gr. Sia-^toprjaig.'] In rhetoric, doubt ; 
hesitation. Bailey. 

Dl-A'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to a diary ; daily. 

Dl'A-RIST, 71. One who keeps a diary. 

Di-AR-RHe'A, 71. [Gr. Siappoia.] Purging or flux; a fre- 
quent and copious evacuation of excrement by stool. 

Di-AR-RHET'I€, a. Promoting evacuation by stool ; pur- 
gative. 

Di'A-RY, 71. [L. diarium.] An account of daily events or 
transactions; a journal; a register of daily occurrences or 
observations. — A diary fever is a fever of one day. 

Dl'AS-€HISM, 71. [Gr. Siaax'-'^iJta.'] In music, the difference 
between the comma and enharmonic diesis, commonly 
called the lesser comma. 

Di'AS-PORE, 71. [Gr. SiacTreipo).] A mineral occurring in 
lamellar concretions. 

Dl-AS-TAL'TI€, a. [Gr. ^lacrTaXrtKo?.] Dilated; noble; 
bold ; an epithet given by the Greeks to certain intervals 
in music. 

Di'A-STEM, 71. [Gr. Siaarrjua.] In music, a simple inter- 
val. 

Dl-AS'TO-LE, 

Dl-AS'TO-LY, 
teries ; opposed to systole, or contraction.— 2. In grammar, 
the extension of a syllable ; or a figure by wliich a sylla- 
ble naturally short is made long. 

DI'A-STyLE, 71. [Gr. 6ia and (jtvXos.] An edifice in which 
three diameters of the columns are allowed for interco- 
lumniations. 

Di-A-TES'SA-RON, 71. [Gr. Sia and reaaapa.} Among mu 
sicians, a concord or harmonic interval, composed of a 
greater tone, a lesser tone, and one greater semitone. 

Dl-A-TON'I€, a. [Gr. Sia and tovos.] Ascending or de- 
scending, as in sound, or from sound to sound. Harris. 

DI'A-TRiBE, 71. [Gr. Siarpipr).] A continued discourse or 
disputation. Bailey. 

Dl-A-ZEu'TI€, a. [Gr. Sia^evyvvixi.] A diazeutic tone, in 
ancient Greek music, disjoined two-fourths, one on each 
side of it, and which, being joined to either, made a fifth. 
This is, in our music, from A to B. 

t DIB, V. i. To dip. Barret. 

DIB'BLE, 71. A pointed instrument, used in gardening and 
agriculture, to make holes for planting seeds, &;c. 

DIB'BLE, V. t. To plant with a dibble ; or to make holes 
for planting seeds, &c. 

DIB'BLE, V. i. To dibble or dip ; a term in angling. 

DIB'STONE, 71. A little stone which children throw at an- 
other stone. Locke. 

DI-€AC'I-TY, 71. [L. dicacitas.'] Pertness. [Little used.} 
Graves. 

Dl'€AST, 71. [Gr. ^t/caorj^s.] In ancient Greece, an ofiicer 
answering nearly to our juryman. Mitford. 

DICE, 71. plu. of die ; also, a game with dice. 

DICE, V. i. To play with dice. Shak. 

DiCE'-BOX, 71. A box from which dice are thrown hi 
gaming. Addison. 

DiCE'-Ma-KER, 71. A maker of dice. 

Di'CER, 71. A player at dice. 

DICH. This word seems corrupted from dit, for do it Shak 

DI-€HOT'0-MlZE, v. t. To cut into two parts ; to divide 
into pairs. 

DI-€H0T'0-M0US, a. [Gr. Si^a and te/kvw.] In botany^ 
regularly dividing by pairs from top to bottom. 

DI-CHOT'0-MOUS-€OR'YMBED, a. Composed of cor- 
ymbs, in which the pedicles divide and subdivide bj 
pairs. 

DI-€HOT'0-MY, 71. [Gr. diYOToixta.] 1. Division or distri- 
bution of ideas by paura ; [little used.]— 2. In astronomy. 



n. [Gr. 6iacTo\r].] 1. Among physicians, 
oflh ' ' 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH 5 TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



DIE 



246 



DIF 



that phase of the moon, in which it appears bisected, or 
shows only half its dislc, as at the quadratures. 

DI€H'ROIT, n. See Iolite. 

DlC'lNG-HOUSE, n. A house where dice are played ; a 
gaming-house. [Little used.] 

DI€K'ER, 71. In old authors, the number or quantity often, 
particularly, ten hides or skins. 

Dl-€0€'€OUS, a. [Gr. Sis and kokko;.] Two-grained; con- 
sisting of two cohering grains or cells, with one seed in 
each. 

Bl-€0-TYL'E-DON, n. [Gr. Sis and KOTv\r)So)v.] A plant 
whose seeds divide into two lobes in germinating. 

Dl-€OT-Y-LED'0-NOUS, a. Having two lobes. 

DI€'TATE, V. t. [L. dicto.] 1. To tell with authority ; to 
deliver, as an order, command or direction. 2. To order 
or instruct what is to be said or written. 3. To suggest ; 
to admonish ; to direct by impulse on the mind. 

D1€TATE, n. 1. An order delivered; a command. 2. A 
rule, maxim or precept, delivered with authority. 3. 
Suggestion ; rule or direction suggested to the mind. 

DI€''TA-TED, pp. Delivered with authority ; ordered ; di- 
rected; suggested. 

DIOTA-TING, ppr. Uttering or delivering with authority ; 
instructing what to say or write ; ordenng ; suggesting to 
the mind. 

DI€-Ta'TION, 71. The act of dictating; the act or practice 
of pi escribing. Paley. 

DI€-Ta'TOR, 71. [L.] 1. One who dictates ; one who pre- 
scribes rales and maxims for the direction of others. 2. 
One invested with absolute authority. In ancient Rome, 
a magistrate, created in times of exigence and distress, 
and invested with unlimited power. 

Dl€-TA-To'RI-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to a dictator ; abso- 
lute ; unlimited ; uncontrollable. 2. Imperious ; dog- 
matical ; overbearing. 

DI€-Ta'TOE-SHIP, 71. I. The office of a dictator; the 
term of a dictator's office. 2. Authority; imperiousness ; 
dogmatism. Dry den. 

DI€'TA-T0-RY, a. Overbearing ; dogmatical. Milton. 

DI€'TA-TURE, n. 1. The office of a dictator ; dictatorship. 
2. Absolute authority ; the power that dictates. 

DI€'TION, 71. [L. dictio.] Expression of ideas by words ; 
style; manner of expression. 

DI€'TION-A-RY, n. [Fr. dictionnaire.] A book containing 
the words of a language arranged in alphabetical order, 
with explanations of their meanings ; a lexicon. Johnson. 

DID, pret. of do, contracted from deed. I did, thou didst, 
he did ; we did, you or ye did, they did. Did is used as 
the sign of the past tense of verbs, particularly in inter- 
rogative and negative sentences. 

DT-DA€'TI€, ) a. [Gr. SiSuktikos.] Adapted to teach ; 

DI-DAe'TI€-AL, \ preceptive ; containing doctrines, pre- 
cepts, principles or rules ; intended to instruct. 

DI-DA€'TI-€AL-LY, adv. In a didactic manner; in a 
form to teach. 

Di'DAP-PER, n. A bird that dives into the water, a species 
of colymbus. 

Dl-DAS'€A-LI€, a. [Gr. SiSaaKa'XiKos.'] Didactic ; precep- 
tive ; giving precepts. [Little used.f 

t DID'DER, V. i. [Teut. diddern.] To shiver with cold. 
Sherioood. 

DID'DLE, V. i. To totter, as a child in walking. 

DIDDLING, 71. A word in many places applied in fondness 
to children._ 

DI-DE€!-A-Hk'DRAL, a. [di and decahedral.'] In crystal- 
ography, having the form of a decahedral prism with 
pentahedral summits. 

DI-DO-DE-€A-He'DRAL, a. [di and dodecahedral.] In 
crystalography, having the form of a dodecahedral prism 
with hexahedral summits. 

Dl-DRA€H'MA, n. [Gr.] A piece of money, the fourth of 
an ounce of silver. 

DIDST. The second person of the unperfect tense of do. 

DI-DU€'TION, 71. [L. diductio.J Separation by withdraw- 
ing one part from the other. Boyle. 

DID'Y-NAM, 71. [Gr. ^tj^ts and Swafxis.] In botany, a 
plant of four stamens, disposed in two pairs, one being 
shorter than the other. 

DID-Y-NAM'I-AN, a. Containing four stamens, disposed 
m pairs, one shorter than the other. 

DIE, V. i. [Sw. db ; Dan. doer.] 1. To cease to live; to 
expire ; to decease ; to perish ; and, with respect to man, 
to depart from this world. 2. To be punished with death ; 
to lose life for a crime, or for the sake of another. 3. To 
come to an end ; to cease ; to be lost ; to perish or come 
to nothing. 4. To sink ; to faint. 5. To languish with 
pleasure or tenderness ; followed by away. 6. To lan- 
guish with affection. 7. To recede, as sound, and be- 
come less distinct ; to become less and less ; or to vanish 
from the sight, or disappear gradually. 8. To lose vege- 
table life ; to wither ; to perish, as plants. 9. To become 
vapid or spiritless, as liquors ; mostly used in the parti- 
ciple.— 10. In theology, to perish everlastingly ; to suffer 



divine wrath and punishment in the future world. 11. 
To become indifferent to, or to cease to be under the 
power of. 12. To endure great danger and distress. -To 
die away, to decrease gradually ; to cease to blow. 

BlE, n.jplu. Bicii. [Fr.de.] 1. A small cube, marked on its 
faces with iTumbers from one to six, used in gaming, by 
being thrown from a box. 2. Any cubic body ; a flat tab- 
jet. 3. Hazard : chance. Spenser. 

Die, n. ; plu. Diss. A stamp used in coining money, in 
founderies, &c.. 

Dl-E'CIAN, n. [Gr. Sis and oikos.] In botany, one of a 
class of plants, whose male and female flowers are on 
different plants of the same species. 

Dl'ER. See Dyer. 

Di'E-SIS, n. [Gr. Sieais.] In music, the division of a tcne, 
less than a semitone. 

DI'ET, 7!. [L. diatta.] 1. Food or victuals. 2. Food regu- 
lated by a physician, or by medical rules ; food prescribed 
for the prevention or cure of disease, and limited in kind 
or quantity. 3. Allowance of provision. 4. Board, or 
boarding. 

Dl'ET, n. [D. ryksdag ; G. reichstag.] An assembly of the 
states or circles of the empire ef Germany and of Poland ; 
a convention of princes, electors, ecclesiastical dignitaries 
and representatives of free cities, to deliberate on the 
jiffairs of the empire. 

Dl'ET, V. t. 1. To feed ; to board ; to furnish provisions 
for. 2. To take food by rules prescribed. 3. To feed ; to 
furnish aliment. 

Dl'ET, V. i. 1. To eat according to rules prescribed. 2. To 
^at ; to feed. 

Di'ET-A-RY, a. Pertaining to diet or the rules of diet. 

Dl'ET- A-RY, 71. A medicine of diet. Huloet. 

Di'ET-DRINK, n. Medicated liquors ; drink prepared with 
medicinal ingredients. 

Dl'ET-ED, pp. Fed ; boarded ; fed by prescribed rules. 

Dl'ET-ER, n. One who diets ; one who prescribes rules for 
eating ; one who prepares food by niles. 

Dl-E-TET'I€, / a. [Gr. Siuittitikt].] Pertaining to diet, 

Dl-E-TET'I-€AL, | er to the rules for regulating the kind 
and quantity of food to be eaten. 

Di'E-TINE, 71 A subordinate or local diet ; a cantonal con- 
vention. 

Dl'ET-ING, ppr. Taking food ; prescribing rules for eating ; 
taking food according to prescribed rules. 

DIF-FAR-RE-A'TION, 7«. [1,. dis and farreatio.] The part- 
ing of a cake ; a ceremony among the Romans, at the 
divorce of man and wife. 

DIF'FER, v.i. [L. differo.] 1. Literally, to be separate. 
Hence, to be unlike, dissimilar, distinct or various, in na- 
ture, condition, form or qualities ; followed by from. 2. 
To disagree ; not to accord ; to be of a contrary opinion. 
3. To contend ; to be at variance ; to strive or debate in 
words ; to dispute ; to quarrel. 

DIF'FER, V. t. To cause to be different or various. Der- 
ham. 

DIF'FER-ENCE, n. 1. The state of being unlike or dis- 
tinct ; distinction ; disagreement ; want of sameness ; 
variation ; dissimilarity. 2. The quality which distin- 
guishes one thing from another. 3. Dispute ; debate ; 
contention ; quarrel ; controversy. 4. The point in dis- 
pute ; ground of controversy. 5. A logical distinction. 
6. Evidences or marks of distinction. 7. Distinction. — 
8. In mathematics, the remainder of a sum or quantity 
after a lesser sum or quantity is subtracted. — 9. In logic 
an essential attribute, belonging to some species, and not 
found in the genus ; being the idea that defines the spe- 
cies.— 10. In heraldry, a certain figure added to a coat of 
arms, serving to distinguish one family from another, or 
to show how distant a younger branch is from the elder or 
principal branch. 

DIF'FER-ENCE, v. t. To cause a difference or distmction. 

DIF'FER-ENT, a. 1. Distinct ; separate ; not the same. 
2. Various or contrary ; of various or contrary natures, 
forms or qualities ; unlike ; dissimilar. 

DIF-FER-EN'TIAL, a. An epithet applied to an infinitely 
small quantity, so small as to be less than any assignable 
quantity. This is called a differential quantity. 

DIF'FER-ENT-LY, adv. In a different manner ; variously. 

DIF'FER-ING, ppr. Being unlike or distinct ; disagreeing j 
contending. 

DIF'FER-ING-LY, adv. In a different manner. 

t DIF'FI-CILE, a. [L. difficilis.] Difficult ; hard ; scrupu- 
lous. Bacon. 

t DIF'Fl-CiLE-NESS, n. Difficulty to be persuaded 

t DIF-FI-CIL'I-TATE, v. t. To make difficult. 

DIF'FI-€ULT, a. [L. difficilis ; Sp. dificultoso.] 1. Hard 
to be made, done or performed ; not easy ; attended with 
labor and pains. 2. Hard to be pleased ; not easily 
wrought upon ; not readily yielding; not compliant; un- 
accommodating ; rigid ; austere ; not easily managed or 
persuaded. 3. Hard to be ascended, as a hill, traveled, 
as a road, or crossed, as a river, &c. 



* -See Synopsis A, E, T, O, tj, Y, long.—FKE, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY •,— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. 



DIG 



347 



DIG 



\ DIF'FI-€ULT, V. t. To perplex ; to render difficult. 

DIF'FI-€UL-TY, n. IFr. difficulte.] 1. Hardness to be 
done or accomplished j the state of any thing which ren- 
ders its performance laborious or perplexing. 2. That 
which is hard to be performed or surmounted. 3. Per- 
plexity ; embarrassment of affairs ; trouble ; whatever 
renders progres or execution of designs laborious. 4. Ob- 
jection ; obstacle to belief j that which cannot be easily 
understood, explained or believed — 5. In a. popular sense, 
bodily complaints ; indisposition. 

DiF-FiDE', V. i. [L. diffido.] To distrust ; to have no con- 
fidence in. [Little used.] Dry den. 

DIF'FI-DENCE, n. [It. diffidanza ; Sp. difidencia.] 1. Dis- 
trust ; want of confidence ; any doubt of the power, ability 
or disposition of others. 2. Mare generally, distnist of 
one's self; want of confidence in our own power, compe- 
tency, correctness or wisdom ; a doubt respecting some 
personal qualification. 3. Modest reserve : a moderate 
degree of timidity or bashfulness. 

DIF'FI-DENT, a. 1. Distrustful ; wanting confidence ; 
doubting of another's power, disposition, sincerity or in- 
tention. 2. Distrustful of one's self; not confident; 
doubtful of one's own power or competency. 3. Reserv- 
ed ; modest ; timid. 

DIF'FI-DENT-LY, adv. With distrust; in a distrusting 
manner; modestly. 

t DIF'FIND, V. t. [L. diffindo.] To cleave in two ; to 
split. Diet. 

DiF-FIN'I-TiVE, a. Determinate ; definitive. 

t DIF-FIS'SION, n. The act of cleaving or splitting. 

t)IF-FLA'TION, n. The act of scattering by a blast of 
wind. Diet. 

DIF'FLU-ENCE, ) n. [L. diffluo.] A flowing or falling 

DIF'FLU-EN-CY, \ away on all sides. 

DI F'FLU-ENT, a. Flowing away on all sides ; not fixed. 

DIF'FORM, a. [L. dis and forma.] 1. Irregular in form; 
not uniform ; anomalous. 2. Unlike ; dissimilar. 

DIF-FORfiM-TY, n. Irregularity of form ; want of uni- 
formity. Rroion. 

DIF-FRAN'CHlSE, \ See Disfranchise, which is 

DIP-FRAN'CHlSE-MENT. \ the word in use. 

DIF-FUSE', V. t. [L. diffusus.] 1. To pour out and spread, 
as a fluid ; to cause to flow and spread. 2. To spread ; to 
send out or extend in all directions ; to disperse. 

DIF-FtJSE', a. 1. Widely spread ; dispersed. 2. Copious ; 
prolix ; using many words ; giving full descriptions. 3. 
Copious ; verbose ; containing full or particular accounts ; 
not concise. 

DIF-FUS'ED, (dif-fiizd') pp. 1. Spread ; dispersed. 2. 
Loose ; flowing ; wild . Sliak. 

DIF-FuS'ED-LY, adv. In a diff"Lised manner ; with wide 
dispersion. 

DIF-FtJS'ED-NESS, n. The state of being widely spread. 
Sherwood. 

DIF-FuSE'LY, adv. 1. Widely ; extensively. 2. Copi- 
ouslv ; with many words ; fully. 

DIF-FU-SI-BIL'I-TY n. The quality of being diffusible, or 
capable of being spread. 

DIF-Fu'SI-BLE, a. That may flow or be spread in all di- 
rections ; that may be dispersed. 

DIF-Fu'SI-BLE-NESS, n. Diffusibility. 

DIF-FU'SION, n. 1. A spreading or flowing of a liquid sub- 
stance or fluid, in a lateral as well as a lineal direction. 2. 
A spreading or scattering ; dispersion. 3. A spreading ; 
extension ; propagation. 4. Copiousness ; exuberance, as 
of style ; {.little used.} 

DIF-FU'SIVE, a. 1. Having the quahty of diffusing, or 
spreading by flowing, as liquid substances or fluids ; or of 
dispersing, as minute particles. 2. Extended; spread 
widely ; extending in all directions ; extensive. 

DIF-FXJ SIVE-LY, G<?v. Widely; extensively; everyway. 

DIF-FU'SIVE-NESS, n. 1. The power of diffusing, or state 
of being diffused ; dispersion. 2. Extension, or exten- 
siveness. 3. The quality or state of being diffuse, as an 
author or liis style ; verboseness ; copiousness of words 
or expression. 

DIG, V. t. ; pret. digged, or dug ; pp. digged, or dug. [Sw. 
dika; Dan. diger.2 1. To open and break or turn up the 
earth, with a spade or other sharp instrument. 2. To ex- 
cavate ; to form an opening in the earth by digging and 
leniovhig the loose earth. 3. To pierce or open with a 
anout or by other means, as swine or moles. 4. To pierce 
with a pointed instrument ; to thrust in. — To dig down, is 
to undermine and cause to fall by digging. — To dig out, or 
to dig from, is to obtain by digging. — To dig up, is to 
obtain something from the earth by opening it, or im- 
covering the tlung with a spade or other instrument, or 
to force out from the earth by a bar. 

DIG, V. i. 1. To work with a spade or other piercmg instru- 
ment ; to do servile work. 2. To work in search of; to 
search. — To dig in, is to pierce with a spade or other 
pointed instrument. — To dig throngh, to open a passage 
through ; to make an opening from one side to the 
other. 



DT-GAM'MA, n. [Gr. in and yamia.] The name of F, 
most absurdly given to that letter, when first invented 
or used by the Eolians, on account of its figure. 

t DIG'A-MY, n. Second marriage. Herbert. 

Dl-GAS TRI€, a. [Gr. 5ij and yaarvp.] Having a double 
belly ; an epithet given to a muscle of the lower jaw. 

t pici'ER-ENT, a. [L. digerens.] Digesting. 

Digest, n. [L. dlgestus.] 1. A collection or body of Ro- 
man laws, digested or arranged under proper titles by or- 
der of the emperor Justinian. A pandect. 2. Any col- 
lection, compflation, abridgment or summary of laws, dis- 
posed under proper heads or titles. 

DI-6EST', V. t. [L. digestum.] l_. To distribute into suita- 
ble classes, or under proper hea-ds or titles ; to arrange in 
convenient order ; to dispose in due method. 2. To .ir- 
range methodically in the mind ; to form with due 
arrangement of parts, 3. To separate or dissolve in the 
stomach, as food ; to reduce to minute parts fit to enter 
the lacteals and circulate ; to concoct ; to convert into 
chyme. — 4. In chemistry, to soften and prepare by heat; 
to expose to a gentle heat in a boiler or matrass, as a pre- 
paration for chemical operations. 5. To bear with pa- 
tience ; to brook ; to receive without resentment ; not to 
reject. 6. To prepare in the mind ; to dispose in a man- 
ner that shall improve the understanding and heart ; to 
prepare for nourishing practical duties. 7. To dispose an 
ulcer or wound to suppurate. 8. I'o dissolve and prepare 
for manure, as plants and other substances. 

DI-GEST', v. i. 1. To be prepared by heat. 2. To suppu- 
rate ; to generate laudable pus ; as an ulcer or wound. 3. 
To dissolve and be prepared for manure, as substances in 
compost. 

DI-6EST'ED, pp. Reduced to method ; arranged in due 
order ; concocted or prepared in the stomach or by a gen- 
tle heat ; received without rejection ; borne ; disposed for 
use. 

DI-6EST'ED-LY, adv. In a methodical and regular way. 

Dl-GEST'ER, n. 1. He that digests or disposes in order. 

2. One who digests his food. 3. A medicine or article of 
food that aids digestion, or strengthens the digestive 
power of the stomach. 4. A strong vessel contrived by 
Papin, in which to boil bony substances with a strong heat. 

DI-OEST-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being digestible. 

DI-6EST I-BLE, a. Capable of being digested, hacon. 

DI-GEST'ING, ppr. Arranging in due order, or under 
proper heads ; dissolving and preparing for circulation in 
the stomach ; softening and preparing by heat ; disposing 
for practice ; disposing to generate pus; brooking; reduc- 
ing bv heat to a fluid state. 

DI-GES'TION, n. [L. digestio.] 1. The conversion of food 
into chyme, or the process of dissolving aliment in the 
stomach, and preparing it for circulation and nourishment. 
— 2. In chemistry, the operation of exposuig bodies to a 
gentle heat, to prepare them for some action on each 
other ; or the slov/ action of a solvent on any substance. 

3. The act of niethodizmg and reducing to order ; the ma- 
turation of a design. 4. The process of maturing an ulcer 
or wound, and disposing it to generate pus ; or the gener- 
ation of matter. 5. The process of dissolution and pre- 
paration of substances for manure, as in compost. 

DI-GEST'IVE, a. 1. Having the power to cause digestion 
in the sto;---.ach. 2. Capable of softening and preparing 
by heat ». Methodizing ; reducing to order. 4. Causing 
maturation in wounds or ulcers. 5. Dissolving. 

DI-GEST'IVE, 71. 1. In medicine, any preparation or medi- 
cine which increases the tone of the stomach, and aids 
digestion ; a stomachic ; a corroborant. — 2. In surgery, 
an application which ripens an ulcer or wound, or dis 
poses it to suppurate. — Digestive salt, the muriate of pot- 
ash. 

DI-6EST'URE, n. Concoction ; digestion. [Little used.] 

DIG'GA-BLE, a. That may be digged. 

DIGGED, pret. and pp. of dig. 

DIGGER, n. One who digs ; one who opens, throws up 
and breaks the earth ; one who opens a well, pit, trench, 
or ditch. 

fDlGHT, (dite) v.t. [Sax. diht.] To prepare; to put in 
os-der ; hence, to dress, or put on ; to array ; to adorn. 
Milton. 

D]6'IT, 71. [L. digitus.] 1. The measure of a finger's 
breadth, or three fourths of an Inch. 2. The twelfth part 
of the diameter of the sun or moon ; a term used to ex- 
press the quantity of an eclipse. — 3. In arithmetic, any in 
teger under 10 ; so called from counting on the finger.^ 
Thus, 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. are called digits. 

DI<j'I-TAL, a. [L. digitalis.] Pertaining to the fingers, or 
to digits. 

DI6'I-TATE, or DIGT-TA-TED, a. In botany, a digitate 
leaf is one which branches into several distinct l^flets 
like fingers. 

t DIG'I-TATE, V. t. To point out as with a finger. 

Dl-GLA'DI-ATE, v. i. [L. digladior.] To fence ; to quarrel. 
[Little Tised.] 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ; -BIJLL, UNITE.— €aeK ; Gas J ; SasZ ; CHasSH ; TUaeinthis. t Obsolete, 



BIL 



248 



DIL 



Di-GLA-DI-A'TION, n. A combat with swords ; a quarrel. 
B. Jonson. 

DIG-NI-FI-€a'TION, n. The act of dignifying ; exalta- 
tion; promotion. Walton, 

DIG'NI-FiED, pp. 1. Exalted ; honored ; invested with 
dignity. 2. a. Marked with dignity ; noble. 

DIG'NI-F-?, V. t. [Sp. dignificar.] 1. To invest with hon- 
or or dignity ; to exalt in rank ; to promote ; to elevate 
to a high office. 2. To honor; to make illustrious; to 
distinguish oy some excellence, or that which gives celeb- 
rity. 

OIG'NI-TA-RY, 71. An ecclesiastic who holds a dignity, or 
a benefice which gives him some pre-eminence over mere 
priests and canons. 

DIGNI-TY, n. [L. dignitas.] 1. True honor; nobleness 
or elevation of mind, consisting in a high sense of propri- 
ety, truth and justice, with an abhorrence of mean and 
sinful actions ; opposed to meanness. 2. Elevation ; hon- 
orable place or rank of elevation ; degree of excellence, 
either in estimation or in the order of nature. 3. Eleva- 
tion of aspect ; grandeur of mein. 4. Elevation of deport- 
ment. 5. An elevated office, civil or ecclesiastical, giving 
a high rank in society ; advancement ; preferment, or the 
rank attached to it. 6. The rank or title of a nobleman. 
—7. In oratory, one of the three parts of elocution, consist- 
ing in the right use of tropes and figures. 8. In astrology, 
an advantage which a planet has on account of its being 
in some particular place of the zodiac, or in a particular 
station in respect to other planets. 9. A general maxim, 
or principle ; ^not used.] Brown. 

\I)IG-N6'T10N, n. [L. dignosco.] Distinguishing mark ; 
distinction. Brown. 

DIG 0-NOUS, a. [Gr. Sis and ywvm.] In botany, having 
two angles, as a stem. 

Dl'GRAPH, 71. [Gr. (5i? and ypa^w.] A union of two vow- 
els, of which one only is pronounced, as in head. Sheridan. 

DI-GRESS', V. i. [L. digressus.] 1. Literally, to step or go 
from the way or road ; hence, to depart or wander from 
the main subject, design or tenor of a discourse, argu- 
ment or narration ; used only of speaking or writing. Locke. 
2. To go out of the right way or common track ; to devi- 
ate ; \iiot now in 7tse.] Shak. 

DI-GRESS'ING, ppr. Departing from the main subject. 

DI-GRES'SION, n. [L. digressio.~\ 1. The act of digress- 
ing ; a departure from the main subject under considera- 
tion ; an excursion of speech or writing. 2. The part or 
passage of a discourse, argument or narration, which de- 
viates from the main subject, tenor or design, but which 
may have some relation to it, or be of use to it. 3. Devia- 
tion from a regular course ; [little used.] Brown. 

DI-GRES'SION-AL, a. Pertaining to or consisting in digres- 
sion ; departing from the main purpose or subject. Warton. 

DI-GRESS'IVE, a. Departing from.the main subject; par- 
taking of the nature of digression. Johnson. 

DI-GRESS'IVE-LY, adv. By way of digression. 

Dl'GYN, n. [Gr. Sis and yvvr).] In botany, a plant having 
_two pistils. 

Dr-GYN'I-AN, a. Having two pistils. 

DI-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. Sis and tl^a.] Having two sides, as 
a figure. 

Di-He'DRON^ 71. A figure with two sid'^s or surfaces. 

Di-HEX-A-He'DRAL, a. In crystalography, having the 
fonn of a hexahedral prism with trihedral summits. 

Dl-JU'DI-€ATE, 7J. t. [L. dijudico.] To judge or determine 
bv censure. Hales. 

Dr-JU-DI-GA'TION, 77. Judicial distinction. 

DIKE, 71. [Sax. die ; Sw. dike ; D. dyk.] 1. A ditch ; an exca- 
vation made in the earth by digging, of greater length than 
breadth, intended as a reservoir of water, a drain, or for 
other purpose. 2. A mound of earth, of stones, or of 
other materials, intended to prevent low lands from being 
inundated by the sea or a river. 3. A vein of basalt, 
greenstone or other stony substance. 

DIKE, V. t. To surround with a dike ; to secure by a bank. 

t DIKE, V. i. To dig. 

DI-LAC'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. dilacero.] To tear ; to rend 
asunder ; to separate by force. 

DI-LAC'ER-A-TED, pp. Torn ; rent asunder. 

DI-LAC'ER-A-TING, ppr. Tearing ; rending in two. 

DI-LAC-ER-A'TION, n. The act of rending asunder ; a 
tearing, or rending. [In lieu of these words, lacerate, lac- 
eration, are generally used.] 

DI-La'NI-ATE, w. t. [L. dilanio.] To tear; to rend in 
pieces ; to mangle. {Little used.] 

DI-LA-NI-a'TION, n. A tearing in pieces. 

DI-LAP'I-DATE, v. i. [L. dilapido.] To go to ruin ; to fall 
by decay. 

DI-LAP'I-DATE, v. t. 1. To pull down ; to waste or de- 
stroy ; to suffer to go to ruin. 2. To waste ; to squander. 

DI-LAP'I-DA-TED, pp. Wasted ; ruined ; pulled down ; 
suffered to go to ruin. 

DI-LAP'I-DA-TIiNG, ■ppr. Wasting ; pulling down ; suffer, 
ing to go to ruin 



DI-LAP-I-Da'TION, n. 1. Ecclesiastical waste ; a volun- 
tary wasting or suffering to go to decay any building in 
possession of an incumbent. 2. Destruction; demohtionj 
decay ; ruin. 3 Peciilation. 

DI-LAP'I-DA-TOR, ti. One who causes dilapidation. 

DI-LA-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of admitting expan- 
sion by the elastic force of the body itself, or of an another 
elastic substance acting upon it. 

DI-LaT'A-BLE, a. Capable of expansion ; possessing elas- 
ticity ; elastic. 

DIL-A-Ta'TION, 71. The act of expanding ; expansion ; a 
spreading or extending in all directions ; the state of being 
expanded. 

DI-LaTE', v. t. [L. dilato.] 1. To expand ; to distend ; to 
enlarge or extend in all directions. 2. To enlarge; to 
relaj,e at large ; to tell copiously or diffusely. 

DI-LaTE', v.i.l.To widen ; to expand ; to swell or extend 
in all directions. 2. To speak largely and copiously ; to 
dwell on in narration. 

DI-LaTE', a. Expanded ; expansive. 

DI-LaT'ED, pp. Expanded; distended; enlarged so as to 
occupy a greater space. 

DI-LaT'ER, 71. One who enlarges ; that which expands. 

DI-LAT'ING,pj>r. Expanding; enlarging; speaking large- 
ly- _ 

DI-LaT'OR, n. That which widens or expands ; a muscle 
that dilates. 

DIL'A-TO-RI-LY, adv. With delay ; tardily. 

DIL'A-TO-RI-NESS, n. The quality of being dilatory or 
late ; lateness ; slowness in motion ; delay in proceeding , 
tardiness. 

DIL'A-TO-RY, a. [Fr. dilatoire.] 1. Literally, drawing 
out or extending in time ; hence, slow ; late ; tardy; ap- 
plied to things. 2. Given to procrastination ; not proceed- 
ing with diligence ; making delay ; slow ; late ; applied to 
persons. 3. in law, intended to make delay ; tending to 
delay. 

DI-LE€'TION, n. [L. dilectic] A loving. Martin. 

DI-LEM'MA, n. [Gr. SiXr/jjifia.] 1. In logic, an argument 
equally conclusive by contrary suppositions. 2. A difficult 
or doubtful choice ; a state of things in which evils or ob- 
stacles present themselves on every side, and it is diffi- 
cult to determine what course to pursue. 

DIL-ET-TAN'TE, n. [It.] One who delights in promoting 
science or the fine arts. Burke. 

DIL'I-GENCE, 7z. [L. dlligentia.] 1. Steady application in 
business of any kind ; constant effort to accomplish what 
is undertaken ; exertion of body or mind without unneces- 
sary delay or sloth ; due attention ; industry ; assiduity. 
2. Care ; heed ; heedfulness. 3. The name of a stage- 
coach, used in France. 

DIL'I-GENT, a. [L. diligens.] 1. Steady in application to 
business ; constant in effort or exertion to accomplish 
what is undertaken ; assiduous ; attentive ; industrious ; 
not idle or negligent ; applied to persons. 2. Steadily ap- 
plied ; prosecuted with care and constant effort ; careful ; 
assiduous. 

DIL'I-GENT- LY, adv. With steady application and care ; 
with industry or assiduity ; not carelessly ; not negligent- 
ly- 

DILL, 71. [Sax. dil, dile.] An annual plant. 

DILL, v. t. To soothe ; to blunt ; to silence pain or sound. 
Orose. 

fDI-Lu'CID, a. [L. dilucidus.] Clear. 

t DI-Lu'CI-DATE, v. t. To make clear. See Elttcidate. 

DI-LU-CI-Da'TION, n. The act of making clear. 

DI-Lu'CID-LY, adv. Evidently ; clearly. 

DIL'U-ENT, a. [L. diluens.] 1. Making liquid, or more 
fluid ; making thin ; attenuating. 2. Weakening the 
strength of, by mixture with water. 

DIL'U-ENT, 71. I. That which thins or attenuates ; that 
which makes more liquid. 2. That which weakens the 
strength of; as water, which, mixed with wine or spirit, 
reduces the strength of it. 

Dl-LuTE', v. t. [L. diluo, dilutus.] 1. Literally, to wasJi , 
but appropriately, to render liquid, or more liquid ; to 
make thin, or more fluid. 2. To weaken, as spirit or 
an acid, by an admixture of water, which renders the 
spirit or acid less concentrated. 3. To make weak or 
weaker, as color, by mixture. 4. To weaken ; to reduce 
the strength or standard of. 

DI-LuTE', a. Thin ; attenuated ; reduced in strength, as 
spirit or color. J^ewton. 

DI-LuT'ED, pp. Made liquid ; rendered more fluid ; weak- 
ened ; made thin, as liquids. 

DI-LuT'ER, n. That which makes thin, or more liquid 

DI-LuT'ING, ppr. Making thin, or more liquid ; weaken 
ing. 

DI-LtJ'TION, n. The act of making thin, weak, or more 
liquid. Arhuthnot. 

DI-LtJ'VI-AL, ) a. [L. diluvium.] 1. Pertaining to a flood or 

DI-LtJ'VI-AN, \ deluge, more especially to the deluge in 
Noah's days. 2. Effected or produced by a deluge, par- 
ticularly by the great flood in the days of Noah. Buckland 



* See Synopsis. A, g, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT-,— FRgY;— HN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



DIN 



249 



DIP 



DI-LO'VI-ATE, V. i. To run as a flood. {J^Tot mwh used.] 

Sandys. 

DI-Lu'VI-UM, n. [L.] In geology, a deposit of superficial 
loamj sand, gravel, &c., caused by the deluge. 

DIM, a. [Sax. dim.] 1. Not seeing clearly ; having the vision 
obscured and inaistinct. 2. Not clearly seen ; obscure j 
imperfectly seen or discovered. 3. Somewhat dark; 
dusky ; not luminous. 4. Dull of apprehension ; having 

- obscure conceptions. 5. Having its lustre obscured ; sul- 
lied ; tarnished. 

DIM, V. t. 1. To cloud ; to impair the powers of vision. 
2. To obscure. 3. To render dull the powers of concep- 
tion. 4. To make less bright ; to obscure. 5. To render 
less bright ; to tarnish or sully. 

t DIM'BLE, n. A bower ; a cell or retreat. B. Jonson. 

DIME, n. [Fr.] A silver coin of the United Utates, of the 
value of ten cents ; the tenth of a dollar. 

DI-MEN'SION, n. [L. dimensio.] In geometry, the extent 
of a body, or length, breadth and thickness or depth. 

DI-MEN'SION-LESS, a. Without any definite measure or 
extent ; boundless. Milton. 

DI-MEN'SI-TY, n. Extent } capacity. Howell. 

DI-MEN'SIVE, a. That marks the boundaries or outlines. 
Davies. 

DIM'E-TER, a. [L.] Having two poetical measures 

DIM'E-TER, n. A verse of two measures. 

t DIM-I-€a'TION, 71. A battle, a contest. Diet. 

DI-MID'I-ATE, V. t. [L. dimidio.] To divide into two equal 
parts. 

DI-MID'I-A-TED, a. [L. dimidiatus.] Divided into two 
equal parts j halved. 

DI-MID-I-A-'TION, n. The act of halving ; division into two 
equal parts. 

DI-MIN'ISH, V. t. [L. diminuo.] 1. To lessen ; to make 
less or smaller, by any means. 2. To lessen : to impair 5 
to degrade. — 3. In music, to take from a note by a sharp^ 
flat or natural. — To diminish from, to take away some- 
thing ; fobs.] 

DI-MIN'ISH, V. i. To lessen ; to become or appear less or 
smaller. 

DI-MIN'ISH- A-BLE, a. Capable of being diminished. 

DI-MIN'ISHED, ^p. ijossened; made smaller; reduced in 
size ; contracted ; degraded. 

DI-MIN'ISH-ER, n. That which, or one who, impairs or 



DI-MIN'ISH-ING, ppr. Lessening ; contracting ; degrading. 

DI-MIN'ISH-ING-LY, adv. In a manner to lessen reputa- 
tion. Locke. 

DI-MIN'U-ENT, a. Lessening. [Little used.] 

t DIM'I-NUTE, a. Small. Gorges. 

tDIM'I-NUTE-LY, adv. In a manner which lessens. 

DIM-I-Nu'TION, n. [L. diminutio.] 1. The act of lessening ; 
a making smaller. 2. The state of becoming or appearing 
less. 3. Discredit ; loss of dignity ; degradation. 4. De- 
privation of dignity ; a lessening of estimation. — 5. In 
architecture, the contraction of the upper part of a column, 
by which its diameter is made less than that of the lower 
part. — 6. In music, the imitation of or reply to a subject in 
notes of half the length or value of those of the subject it- 
self. 

DI-MIN'U-TIVE, a. [Fr. diminutif.] Small ; little ; narrow ; 
contracted. 

DI-MIN'U-TIVE, 71. In grammar, a word formed from 
another word, usually an appellative or generic term, to 
express a little thing of the kind. 

DI-MIN'U-TiVE-LY, adv. In a diminutive manner ; in a 
manner to lessen. 

DI-MIN'U-TiVE-NESS, n. Smallness ; littleness ; want of 
bulk; want of dignity. 

DIM'ISH, a. Somewhat dim or obscure. 

DI-MIS'SION, n. Leave to depart. Huloet. 

*DIM'IS-SO-RY, a. [L. dimissorius.] 1. Sending away; 
dismissing to another jurisdiction. 2. Granting leave to 
depart. 

tDI-MIT', V. t. [L. dimitto.] To permit to go ; to grant to 
farm ; to let. 

DIM'I-TY, n. [D. diemit.] A kind of white cotton cloth, 
ribbed or figured. 

DIM'LY, adv. 1. In a dim or obscure manner ; with imper- 
fect sight. 2. Not brightly, or clearly ; with a faint light. 

DIM'MING, ppr. Obscuring. 

DIM'MING, n. Obscurity. Shak. 

DIM'NESS, 71. 1. Dullness of sight. 2. Obscurity of vision ; 
imperfect sight. 3. Faintness ; imperfection. 4. Want 
of brightness. 5. Want of clear apprehension ; stupidity. 

DIM'PLE, n. A small natural cavity or depression in the 
cheek or other part of the face. 

DIM'PLE, V. i. To form dimples ; to sink into depressions 
or little inequalities. Dryden. 

DIM'PLED, a. Set with dimples. 

DIM'PLY, a. Full of dimples, or small depressions. 

DIM'-SlGHT-ED, a. Having dim or obscure vision. 

DIN, 71 [Sax. dyn.] Noise ; a loud sound ; particularly, a 
rattling, clattering or rumbling sound, long continued. 



DIN, V. t. To strike with continued or confused sound ; to 
stun with noise ; to harass with clamor. 

DINE, V. i. [Sax. dynan.] To eat the chief meal of the day 

DINE, V. t. To give a dinner to ; to furnish with the prin- 
cipal meal ; to feed. 

tDI-NET'I-€AL, a. [Gr. 6lvt)TlKos^ Whkling round. 

DING, v.t. ; pret. dung, or dinged. [Sax. dencgan.] To thrust 
or dash with violence. [Little used.] 

DING, V, i. To bluster ; to bounce, [.d low word.] 

DING'DONG. Words used to express the sound of bells. 
Shak. 

DIN'GI-NESS, 71. A dusky or dark hue ; brownness. 

DIN'GLE, 71. A narrow dale or valley between hills. 

DIN'GLE-DAN'GLE. Hanging loosely, or something dan- 
gling. Warton. 

DIN'GY a. Soiled; sullied; of a dark color; brown; dusky; 
dun 

DiN'ING, ppr. Eating the principal meal in the day. 

DiN'ING-ROOM, n. A room for a family or for company to 
dine in ; a room for entertainments. 

DIN'NER, n. [Fr. diner ; Ir. dinner.] 1. The meal taken 
about the middle of the day ; or the principal meal of the 
day, eaten between noon and evening. 2. An entertain- 
ment ; a feast. 

DIN'NER-TIME, 71. The usual time of dining. 

DINT, n. [Sax. dynt.] 1. A b'ow ; astroke. 2. Force ; vio- 
lence ; power exerted 3. The mark made by a blow ; a 
cavity or impression made by a blow or by pressure on a 
substance ; often pronounced dent. Dryden. 

DINT, V. t. To make a mark or cavity on a substance by a 
blow or by pressure. [See Indent.] Donne. 

BINTiBD, pp. Marked by a blow or Ly pressure. 

DINT'ING, ppr. Impressing marks or cavities. 

Dl-NU-MER-A'TION, n. The act of numbering singly 
[Little used.] 

* Di'O-CE-SAN, a. [The accent on the first and on the third 
syllable is nearly equal.] Pertaining to a diocese. 

*Dl'0-CE-SAN, 71. A bishop: one in possession of a dio- 
cese, and having the ecclesiastical jurisdiction over it. 

Dl'O-CESE, ) 71. [Gr. 5iot/c//o-tf.] [Diocess is an erroneous 

Dl'O-CESS, \ orthography.] The circuit or extent of a 
bishop's jurisdiction ; an ecclesiastical division of a king- 
jlom or state, subject to the authority of a bishop. 

DI-0€-TA-He'DRAL, a. In erystalography, having the 
form of an octahedral prism with tetrahedral summits 

Dl'O-DON, n. The sun-fish. 

Dl'O-MEDE, n. An aquatic fowl of the web-footed kind. 

Di-OP'SIDE, n. ["Gr. ko-^pi?.] A rare mineral, regarded by 
Haiiy as a variety of augite. 

Di-OP'TASE, 71. Emerald copper ore, a translucent mineral, 
occurring crystalized in six-sided prisms. 

DI-OP'TI€, ) a. [Gr. ^loiirpiKog.] 1. Affording a me- 

Dl-OP'TI-€ AL, r dium for the sight ; assisting the sight 

Dl-OP'TRI€, ( in the view of distant objecis. 2. Per- 

Di-OP'TRI-CAL, ) taining to dioptrics, or the science of 
refracted light. 

Di-OP'TRI€S, 71. That part of optics which treats of the re- 
fractions of light passing through difierent mediums, as 
through air, water or glass. 

DI-0-RA'MA, 71. [Gr. ha and opana.] A newly invented 
optical machine giving a variety of light and shade. 

DT'O-RISM, n. [Gr. Siopicixa.] Definition. [Ra-'ely used.] 

Di-0-RIS'TI€, a. Distinguishing ; defining. [Rarely v^ed.] 

Di-0-RIS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. In a distinguishing manner. 

Di-OR-THo'SIS, 71. A chirurgical operation, by which 
crooked or distorted members are restored to their primi- 
tive shape. 

DIP, v. t. ; pret. and pp. dipped, or dipt. [Sax. dippan.] 1. To 
plunge or immerse, for a moment or snort time, in water 
or other liquid substance ; to put into a fluid, and with- 
draw. 2. To take with a ladle or other vessel by immers- 
ing it in a fluid ; as, to dip water from a boiler. 3. To 
engage ; to take concern. Dryden. 4. To engage as a 
pledge ; to mortgage ; [little used.ipryden. 5. To moisten; 
to wet ; [unusual.] Milton. 6. To baptize by immersion 

DIP, v. i. 1. To sink ; toimmerge in a liquid. 2. To enter ; 
to pierce. 3. To engage ; to take a concern ; as, to dip 
into the funds. 4. To enter slightly ; to look cursorily, or 
here and there. 5. To choose by chance ; to thrust and 
take. 6. To incline downward. 

DIP, 71. Inclination downward ; a sloping ; a direction be 
low a horizontal line ; depression.— The dip of a stratum, 
in geology, is its greatest inclination to the horizon, or 
that on a line perpendicular to its direction or course ; 
called also \he pitch. 

DIP'-CHI€K, 71. A small bird that dives. 

Dl-PET'A-LOUS, a. [Gr. B19 and ireraXov.] Having two 
flower-leaves or petals ; two-petaled. 

DIPH'THONG, 71. [Gr. hcpQoyyog.] A coalition or union of 
two vowels pronounced in one syllable. 

DIPH-THONG'AL, a. Belonging to a diphthong ; consist 
ing of two vowel sounds pronoimced in one syllable. 



See Synopsis. mOV^, BOOK, D6VE ;— BllJLL, UNITE € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in t/iis. t Obsolete 



DIR 



250 



DIS 



DIPH^YTt-LOUS, a. [Gr. 5ts and ^uXXov.] In hotany, having 
two leaves, as a csuiyx, &c. 

DIP'tOE, n. [Gr. ^ittXods.] The soft medituUium, meduUa- 
ry substance, or porous part, between the plates of the skull. 

DI-PLO'MA, n. [Gr. ^iiAaifia.'] A letter or writing confer- 
ring some power, authority, privilege or honor. 

DI-PLO'MA-CY, n. 1. The customs, rules and privileges of 
embassadors, envoys, and other representatives of princes 
anS states at foreign courts ; forms of negotiation. 2. A 
diplomatic body ; the whole body of ministers at a foreign 
court. 3. The agency or management of ministers at a 
foreign court. 

Dl-PLo'MATE, V. t. To invest with a privilege. 

DIP'LO-MA-TED, a. Made by diplomas. Rennet. 

DIP-L.0-MA"1''I€, a. 1. Pertaining to diplomas ; privileged. 
fl. Furnished with a diploma ; authorized by letters or 
credentials to transact business for a sovereign at a foreign 
court. 3. Pertaining to ministers at a foreign court, or to 
men authorized by diploma. 

niP-LO-MAT'I€, n. A minister, official agent or envoy to 
a foreign court. 

DlP-LO-MAT'ieS, n. The science of diplomas, or of an- 
cientwritings, literary and public documents, letters, &c. 

DI-PLo'MA-TIST, n. One employed or versed in aifairs 
of state. 

DIP'PER, n. 1 One that dips ; he or that which dips. 2. A 
vessel used to dip water or other liquor ; a ladle. 

DIP'PING, ppr. 1. Plunging or immersing into a liquid, and 
speedily withdrawing. 2. Engaging or taking a concern 
in. 3. Looking into, here and there ; examining in a 
cursory, slight or hasty manner. 4. Inclining downward. 
5. Breaking; inclining. 

DIP'PlJl'JG, n. 1. The act of plunging or immersing. 2. The 
act of inclining towards the earth ; inclination downwards. 
3. The interruption of a vein of ore, or stratum of a fossil, 
in a mine ; or a sloping downwards. 4. The act of bap- 
tizmg by the immersion of the whole body in water. 

DIP'PING-NEEDLE, n. A needle that dips ; a magnetic 
needle which dips or inclines to the earth ; an instrument 
which shows the inclination of the magnet, at the differ- 
jjnt points of the earth's surface. 

Dl-PR1S-MAT'I€, a. Doubly prismatic. Jameson. 

DIPSAS, 71. [Gr. SLxpas.] A serpent whose bite produces a 
mortal thirst. 

DIP'TER, i n. [Gr. ?ii5 and -irrtDov.'] The dipters are an 

DIP'TE-RA, ) order of insects havmg only two wings, 
and two poisers, as the fly. 

DIP'TE-RAL, a. Having two wings only. 

DIP'TOTE, n. [Gr. from 6is and ttitzto).] In grammar, a 
noun which has only two cases. 

DlP'TYeil, 71. [Gr. Snrrvxos.] A public register of the 
names of consuls and other magistrates among pa- 
gans ; and of bishops, martyrs and others, among Chris- 
tians. 

DI-PyRE', 71. A mineral occurring in minute prisms. 

DIRE, a. [L. dims.] Dreadful ; dismal ; horrible ; terrible ; 
evil in a great degree. 

DI-RE€T', a. [L. directus.] 1. Straight ; right.— 2. In as- 
tronomy, appearing to move forward in the zodiac, in the 
direction of the signs ; opposed to retrograde. 3. In the 
line of father and son ; opposed to collateral. 4. Leading 
or tending to an end, as by a straight line or course ; not 
circuitous. 5. Open ; not ambiguous or doubtful. 6. 
Plain ; express ; not ambiguous.— 7. In music, a direct in- 
terval is that which forms any kind of harmony on the 
fundamental sound which produces it ; as the fifth, ma- 
jor, third and octave.— Direct tax is a tax assessed on 
real estate, as houses and lands. 

DI-REGT', V. t. [L. directum.] 1. To point or aim in a 
straight line, towards a place or object. 2. To point j to 
show the right road or course. 3. To regulate ; to guide 
or lead ; to govern ; to cause to proceed in a particular 
manner. 4. To prescribe a course ; to mark out a way. 
5. To order ; to instruct ; to point out a course of proceed- 
ing, with authority ; to command. 

Dr-RE€T', 71. In music, a character placed at the end of a 
stave to direct the performer to the first note of the next 
stave. Bushy, 

DI-REeT'ED, pp. Aimed ; pointed ; guided ; regulated ; 
j^-overned ; ordered ; instructed. 

DTlREGT'ER, 7i. A director, which see. 

DI-RE€T'ING, ppr. Aiming ; pointing ; guiding ; regulat- 
ing ; governing ; ordering. 

DI-REfJ'TION, n. [L. directio.] 1. Aim at a certain point ; 
a pointing towards, in a straight line or course. 2. The 
line in which a body moves by impulse ; course. 3. A 
straight line or course. 4. The act of governing ; admin- 
istration ; management ; guidance ; superintendance. 5. 
Regularity; adjustment. 6. Order; prescription, either 
verbal or written ; instruction in what manner to proceed. 
7. The superscription of a letter, including the name, 
title and place of abode of the person for whom it is in- 
tended. 8. A body or board of directors. 



DI-RE€T'IVE, a. 1. Having the power of direction. Hooker, 
2. Informing ; instructing ; showing the way. 

DI-RE€T'LY, adv. 1. In a straight line or course ; rectit. 
ineally ; not in a windmg course. 2. Immediately ; soon j 
without delay. 3. Openly ; expressly ; without circum- 
locution or ambiguity, or without a train of inferences. 

DI-RE€T'NESS, n. Straightness ; a straight course ; near- 
ness of way. Bentley. 

DI-RE€T'OR, 71. 1. One who directs 5 one who superintends, 
governs or manages; one who prescribes to others, by 
virtue of authority ; an instructor ; a counselor. 2. That 
which dhects ; a rule ; an ordinance. 3. One appointed 
to transact the affairs of a company. 4. That which di- 
rects or controls by influence. Hamilton. — 5. In surgery, 
a grooved probe, intended to direct the edge of the knife 
or scissors in opening sinuses or fistuliB ; a guide for an 
incision-knife. 

DI-RE€-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to directors or direction , 
containing direction or command. 

DI-RE€T'0-RY, a. Containing directions ; enjoining ; in- 
structing. 

D1-RE€T'0-RY, n. 1. A guide ; a rule to direct; particu 
larly, a book containing directions for public worship, 
or religious services. 2. A book containing an alphabet- 
ical list of the inhabitants of a city, with their places of 
abode. 3. The supreme council of France, in the late 
Revolution. 4. A board of directors. 

DI-RECT'RESS, n. A female who directs or manages, 

DI-RE€T'RIX, 71. A female who governs or directs. 

DiRE'FlJL, a. Dire ; dreadful ; terrible ; calamitous. Dry- 
den. 

DiRE'FUL-LY, adv. Dreadfully ; terribly ; wofuUy. 

Dt-REMP'TION, 71. [L. diremptio.] A separation. Hall. 

DiRE'NESS, 71. Terribleness ; horror ; dismalness. Shak. 

DI-REP'TION, n. [L. direptio.] The act of plundering, 

DiRGE, /durj) n. [L. dirige.] A song or tune intended to ex- 
press grief, sorrow and mourning. 

DIR'I-GENT, or DI-RECT'RIX, n. In geometry, the line 
of motion along which the describent line or surface is 
carried in the generation of any plane or solid figure. 

DiRK, n. A kind of dagger or poniard. 

tDiRK, a. Dark. Spenser. 

JDiRK, V. t. 1. To darken. 2. To poniard ; to stab. 

DiRT, 71, [Sax, gedritan.] 1. Any foul or filthy substance ; 
excrement; earth; mud; raire^ dust; whatever, adher- 
ing to any thing, renders it foul or unclean. 2. Meanness ; 
sordidness ; [710* iji use.] 

DiRT, V. t. To make foul or filthy ; to soil ; to bedaub ; to 
pollute ; to defile. Swift. 

DiRT'I-LY, adv. L In a dirty manner; foully; nastily; 
filthily. 2. Meanly ; sordidly ; by low means. 

DiRT'I-NESS, n. 1. Filthiness ; foulness ; nastiness. 2. 
Meanness ; baseness ; sordidness. 

DiRT'Y, a. 1. Foul ; nasty ; filthy ; hot clean ; as dirty 
hands. 2, Not clean ; not pure ; turbid, 3, Cloudy ; 
dark ; dusky. 4. Mean ; base ; low ; despicable ; grovel- 
ing. 

DiRT'Y, V. t. 1. To foul ; to make filthy ; to soil. 2. To 
tarnish ; to sully ; to scandalize. 

Dl-RUP'TION, 71. [L. diruptio.] A bursting or rending 
asunder. See Disruption. 

DIS, a prefix or inseparable preposition, from the Latin, 
whence Fr. des, Sp. dis, and de may in some instances be 
tlie same word contracted. Dis denotes separation, a 
parting from ; hence, it has the force of a privative and 
negative, as in disarm, disoblige, disagree. 

DIS-A-BIL'I-TY, 71. I. Want of competent natural or bodi- 
ly power, strength or ability ; weakness ; impotence. 2. 
Want of competent intellectual power or strength of mind ; 
incapacity. 3. Want of competent means or instruments. 
4. Want of legal qualifications ; incapacity. 

DIS-a'BLE, v. t. 1. To render unable ; to deprive of com- 
petent natural strength or power. 2. To deprive of men- 
tal power, as by destroying or weakening the understand 
ing. 3. To deprive of adequate means, instruments or 
resources. 4. To destroy the strength ; or to weaken and 
impair so as to render incapable of action, service or re- 
sistance. 5. To destroy or impair and weaken the means 
which render any thing active, efficacious or useful ; to 
destroy or diminish any competent means. 6. To deprive 
of legal qualifications, or competent power ; to incapaci 
tate ; to render incapable, 

DIS-a'BLED, pp. Deprived of competent power, corporeal 
or intellectual ; rendered incapable ; deprived of mean? 

DIS-a'ELE-MENT, 71. Weakness; disability; legar ji- 
pediment. Bacon. 

DIS-A'BLING, ppr. Rendering unable or incapable de- 
priving of adequate power or capacity, or of legal qualifi- 
cations, 

DIS-A-BtJSE', t), i, [Fr. desabuser.] To free from mistake ; 
to undeceive ; to disengage from fallacy or deception ; »o 
set right, 

DIS-A-BUS'ED, (dis-a-bQzd') pp. Undeceived. 

DIS-A-BUS'ING, ppr. Undeceiving. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, tr, Y, long.—FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARYNE, BiRD ;— -f Obsolete. 



DIS 



251 



DIS 



DlS-A€J-€OM'MO-DATE, v. t. To put to inconvenience. 

DI:S-A€-€OM-MO-Da'TION, n. A state of being unaccom- 
modated 3 a state of being unprepared. Hale. 

t DIS-A€-€ORD', v. i. To refuse assent. Spenser, 

DIS-A€-eUS'TOM, v. t. To neglect familiar or customary 
practice ; to destroy the force of habit by disuse. 

DIS-A€-€US'TOMED, pp. Disused ; having neglected 
practice or familiar use. 

DIS-A€-KNOWL'ED6E, v. t. To deny : to disown. South. 

DIS-Ae-KNOWL'EDGED, pp. Denied ; disowned. 

DIS-A€-KNOWL'ED6-ING, ppr. Denying ; disowning. 

DIS-A€-aUAlNT', V. t. To dissolve acquaintance. [L. u.] 

UIS-A€-aUAlNT'ANCE, n. Neglect or disuse of familiari- 
ty, or familiar knowledge of. 

DIS-A-DORN', V. t. To deprive of ornaments. Congreve. 

tDIS-AD-VANCE', v. t. or i. To check ; to halt. 

DIS-AD-VAN'TAGE, n. [Ft. desavantage.\ 1. That which 
prevents success, or renders it difficult ; a state not favor- 
able to successful operation. 2. Any unfavorable state ; 
a state in which some loss or injury may be sustained. 
3. Loss 5 injury 5 prejudice to interest, fame, credit, profit 
or other good. 

1)IS-AD-VAN'TA6E, v. t. To injure in interest; to preju- 
dice. 

f DIS-AD-VAN'TA6E-A-BLE, a. Not advantageous. 

DIS-AD-VAN-TA'6EOUS, a. Unfavorable to success or 
prosperity ; inconvenient ; not adapted to promote inter- 
est, reputation or other good. 

DIS-AD-VAN-Ta'6E0US-LY, adv. In a manner not fa- 
vorable to success, or to interest, profit or reputation ; 
with loss or inconvenience. 

DIS-AD-VAN-TA'6E0US-NESS, n. Unfavorableness to 
success ; inconvenience ; loss. 

tDIS-AD-VENT'UE.E,n. Misfortune. Raleigh. 

t DIS-AD-VENT'U-ROUS, a. Unprosperous. Spenser. 

DIS-AF-FE€T', v. t. 1. To alienate affection ; to make less 
friendly to ; to make less faithful to a person, party or 
cause, or less zealous to support it ; to make discontented 
or unfriendly. 2. To disdain, or dislike. Hall. 3. To 
throw into disorder. Hammond. 

DIS-AF-FE€T'ED, pp- or a. Having the affections alienat- 
ed ; indisposed to favor or support ; unfriendly. 

DIS-AF-FE€T'ED-LY, adv. In a disaffected manner. 

DIS-AF-FE€T'ED-NESS, n. The quality of being disaf- 



DIS-AF-FE€T'ING,p;>r. Alienatingthe affections ; making 
less friendly. 

DIS-AF-F£€'TION, n. I. Alienation of affection, attach- 
ment or good will ; want of affection ; or, more generally , 
positive enmity, dislike or unfriendlhiess ; disloyalty, 2. 
Disorder ; bad constitution ; [little used.^ Wiseman. 

D]S-AF-FE€'TION-ATE, a. Not well disposed ; not friend- 
ly. Blount. 

DIS-AF-FiRM', V. t. 1, To deny ; to contradict. 9. To over- 
throw or annul, as a judicial decision, by a contrary judg- 
ment of a superior tribunal. 

DIS-AF-FiRM'ANCE, n. 1. Denial ; negation ; disproof; 
confutation. 2. Overthrow or annulment, by the decision 
of a superior tribunal. 

DIS-AF-FiRM'ED, (dis-af-furmd') pp. Denied ; contradict- 
ed ; overthrown. 

DIS-AP-FiRMaNG, ppr. Denying ; contradicting ; anull- 
ing. 

DIS-AF-FOR'EST, v. t. To reduce from the privileges of a 
forest to the state of common ground ; to strip of forest 
laws and their oppressive privileges. 

DIS-AF-FOR'EST-ED,pp. Stripped of forest privileges. 

DIS-AF-FOR'EST-ING, ppr. Depriving of forest privi- 
leges. 

DIS-AG'GRE-GATE, v.t. To separate an aggregate mass 
into its component parts. 

DIS-AG'GRE-GA-TED, pp. Separated, as an aggregate 
mass. 

I)IS-AG'GRE-GA-TING, ppr. Separating, as the parts of an 
aggregate body. 

DIS-AG-GRE-Ga'TION, 71. The act or operation of sepa- 
rating an aggregate body into its component parts. 

OlS-A-GREE', v.i. 1. To differ; to be not accordant or 
coincident ; to be not the same ; to be not exactly simi- 
lar. 2. To differ, as in opinion. 3. To be unsuitable. 
4. To differ ; to be in opposition. 

DIS-A-GREE'A-BLE, a. 1. Contrary; unsuitable; not con- 
formable ; not congruous ; [little used.'] 2 Unpleasing ; 
otFensive to the mind, or to the senses. 

I)IS-A-GREE'A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Unsuitabieness ; contra- 
riety. 2. Unpleasantness ; offensiveness to the mind, or 
to tliG senses 

DIS-A-GREE'A-BLY, adv. Unsuitably ; unpleasantly ; of- 
fensively. 

DIS-A-GREE'ING, ppr. Differing; not according or coin- 
ciding. 

DIS-A-GREE'MENT, n. 1. Difference, either in form or 
essence ; dissimilitude ; diversity. 2. Difference of opin- 
ion or sentiments. 3. Unsuitabieness. 



t DIS-AL-LIe6E', v. t. To alienate from allegiance. 

DIS-AL-LO W, V. t. [dis and allow.] To refuse permission, 
or not to permit ; not to grant ; not to make or suppose 
lawful ; not to authorize ; to disapprove. 2. To testify 
dislike or disappro'iation ; to refuse assent. 3. Not to ap- 
prove ; net to receive ; to reject'. 4. Not to allow or ad- 
mit as just ; to reject. 

DIS-AL-LOW, V. i. To refuse permission ; not to grant. 

DIS-AL-LOW'A-BLE, a. Not allowable ; not to be suf- 
fered. 

DIS-AL-LOW'ANCE, n. Disapprobation ; refusal to admit 
or permit ; prohibition ; rejection. 

DIS-AL-LOW'ED, (dis-al-lowd') pp. Not granted, permit- 
ted or admitted ; disapproved ; rejected. 

DIS-AL-LOWING, ppr. Not permitting ; not admitting ; 
disapproving ; rejecting 

DIS-AL-L1?', V. t. To form an iinproper alliance. 

DIS-AN'€HOR, ■?;. t. To force from its anchors. 

t DIS-AN-6EL'I-€AL, a. Not angelical. Coventry. 

DIS-AN'I-MATE, v. t. 1. To deprive of life ; [not used.] 

2. To deprive of spirit or courage ; to discourage ; to dis- 
hearten ; to deject, 

DIS-AN'I-MA-TED, pp. Discouraged ; dispirited. 

DIS-AN'I-MA-TING, ppr. Discouraging ; disheartening. 

DIS-AN-I-Ma'TION. n. 1. The act of discouraging; d© 
pression of spirits. 2. Privation of life ; [not used.] 

DIS-A.N -NUL', V. t. To annul ; to make void ; to deprive 
of authority or force ; to nullify ; to abolish. 

DIS-AN-NUL'LED, (dis-an-nuld') pp. Annulled ; vacated ; 
made void, 

PIS-AN-NUL'LING, ppr. Making void ; depriving of au- 
thority or binding force. 

DIS-AN-NUL'MENT, n. The act of making void. 

DIS-A-NOINT', V. t. To render consecration invalid. 

DIS-AP-PAR'EL, V. t. To disrobe ; to strip of raiment. 

DIS-AP-PeAR', V.i. l.To vanish from the sight; to re- 
cede from the view ; to become invisible. 2. To cease. 

3. To withdraw from observation. 
DIS-AP-PEAr»,'ANCE, n. Cessation of appearance; are 

moval from sight. 
DIS-AP-PeAR'ING, 2^r. Vanishing; receding from the 

sight ; becoming invisible. 
DIS-AP-PeAR'ING, n. A vanishing or removal from sight. 
DIS-AP-POINT', V. t. 1. To defeat of expectation, wish, 

hope, desire or intention ; to frustrate ; to balk ; to hinder 

from the possession or enjoyment of that which was in- 
tended, desired, hoped or expected. 2. To frustrate ; to 

prevent an effect intended. 
DIS-AP-POINT'ED, 7?p. Defeated of expectation, hope, de- 

sire or design ; frustrated. 
DIS-AP-POINT'ING, ppr. Defeating of expectation, hope, 

desire or purpose ; frustrating. 
DIS-AP-POINT'MENT, n. Defeat or failure of expectation, 

hope, wish, desire or intention ; miscarriage of design or 

plan. 
DI3-AP-PRe'CIATE, v. t. To undervalue ; not to esteem. 
DIS-AP-PRO-Ba'TION, 71. A disapproving ; dislike ; the act 

of the mind which condemns what is supposed to be wrong. 
DIS-AP'PRO-BA-TO-RY, a. Containing disapprobation; 

tending to disapprove. 
DIS-AP-PRo'PRI-ATE, a. Not appropriated, or not having 

appropriated, 
DIS-AP-PRoTRI-ATE, v.t. 1, To sever or separate, as an 

appropriation ; to withdraw from an appropprite use. 2. 

To deprive of appropriated property, as a church. 
DIS-AP-PRoV'AL, n. Disapprobation ; dislike. 
DIS-AP-PROVE', v.t. [Fr. desa,pprouver.] l.To dislike; 

to condemn in opinion or judgment ; to censure as wrong. 

2. To manifest dislike or disapprobation ; to reject, aa 
disliked, what is proposed for sanction. 

DIS-AP-PROV'ED, (dis-ap-proovd')f!p. Disliked ; condemn- 
ed ; rejected, 

DIS-AP-PR5V'ING, ppr. Disliking ; condemning ; rejecting 
from dislike. 

t DIS'ARD, n. [Sax. dysig.] A prattler ; a boasting talker. 

DIS-ARM', V. t. [Fr. desarmer.] 1. To deprive of arms ; to 
take the arms or weapons from, usually by force or au- 
thority. 2. To deprive of means of attack or defense 

3. To deprive of force, strength, or means of annoyance ; 
to render harmless ; to quell, 4. To strip ; to divest of 
any thing injurious or threatening. 

DI.S-ARM'ED, (diz-armd' ) pp. Deprived of arms ; stripped 
of the means of defence or annoyance ; rendered harm- 
less ; subdued, 

DTS-ARM'ER, 71. One who deprives of arms. 

DIS-ARM'ING, -ppr. Stripping of arms or weapons ; subdu- 
ing ; rendering harmless. 

DIS-AR-RaNGE', v. t. To put out of order; to unsettle or 
disturb the order or due arrangement of parts. [See De- 
range,] Warton. 

DIS-AR-RaNGE'MENT, n. The act of disturbing order or 
method ; disorder. Baxter. 

DIS-AR-RaY', v.t. l.To undress; to divest of clothes. 
Spenser. 2. To throw into disorder ; to rout, as troops. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE,— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. + Obsolete 



DIS 



252 



DIS 



DIS-AR-RaY', m. 1. Disorder; confusion; loss or want of 

array i>r regular order. 2. Undress. 
DIS-AR-RaY'ED, (dis-ar-rade') pp. Divested of clothes or 

array ; disordered. 
DIS-AR-RAY'ING,;7pr. Divesting of dothes ; throwing into 

disorder. 
fDIS-AS-SI-DC'I-TY, n. Want of assiduity or care. 
DES-AS-So'CIATE, V. «. To disunite; to disconnect things 

DIS-AS'TER, n. [Fr, desastre.] 1. A blast or stroke of an 
unfavorable planet ; [065.] Shak. 2. Misfortune ; mishap; 
calamity ; any unfortunate event, especially a sudden 
misfortune. 

DIS-AS'TER, V. t. To blast by the stroke of an unlucky 
planet; also, to injure, to afflict. Shak. 

DIS-AS'TERED, pp. iilasted ; injured ; afflicted. 

DIS-aSTROUS, a. 1. Unlucky; unfortunate ; calamitous; 
occasioning loss or injury. 2. Gloomy ; dismal ; threat- 
ening disaster. 

DIS-AS'TRUU3-LY, adv. Unfortunately ; in a dismal man- 
ner. 

DIS-AS'TROUS-NESS, n. Unfortunateness ; calamitous- 
ness. 

DIS-AU'THOR-iZE, v.t. To deprive of credit or authori- 
ty.' [iit«ZeM5e(^.] Wottoji. 

DIS-A- VOUCH', V. t. To retract profession ; to deny ; to 
disown. [Little used.] Davies. 

DIS-A-VO W', ®. t. 1. To deny; to disown; to deny to 
be true, as a fact or charge respecting one's self. 2. To 
deny ; to disown ; to reject. 3. To dissent from ; not to 
admit as true or justifiable ; not to vindicate. 

DIS-A- VOW AL, n. 1. Denial ; a disowning. 2. Rejec- 
tion ; a declining to vindicate. 

DIS-A- VOWED, (dis-a-vowd') pp. Denied ; disowned. 

DIS-A-VO WING , ppr. Denying; disowning; rejecting as 
somethiag not to be maintained or vindicated. 

DIS-A-VOWMENT, n. Denial; a disowning. Wottmi. 

DIS-BAND', V. t. 1. To dismiss from military service ; to 
break up a band or body of men enlisted. 2. To scatter ; 
to disperse. 

DIS-BAND', V. i. 1 To retire from military service ; to 
separate ; to break up. 2. To separate ; to dissolve con- 
nection. Tillotson. 3. To be dissolved ; \not tised.] Her- 
bert. 

DIS-BAND'ED, pp. Dismissed from military service ; sep- 
arated. 

DIS-BAND'ING, ppr. Dismissing from military service ; 
separating ; dissolving connection. 

DIS-BARK', V. t. [Fr. debarquer. We now use debark and 
disembarkJ To land from a ship ; to put on shore. Pope. 

DIS-BE-LIeF', n. Refusal of credit or faith : denial of be- 
lief. Tillotson. 

DIS-BE-LIeVE', v. t. Not to believe ; to hold not to be true 
or not to exist ; to refuse to credit. 

DIS-BE-LIeV'ED, (dis-be-leevd') pp. Not believed ; dis- 
credited. _ 

DIS-BE-LIeV'ER, n. One who refuses belief; one who de- 
nies to betrue or real. Watts. 

DIS-BE-LIeV'ING, ppr. Withholding belief; discrediting. 

DIS-BENCH', v. t. To drive from a bench or seat. Shak. 

IDIS-BLaME', ■?;. t. To clear from blame. Chaucer. 

DIS-BOD'IED, a. Disembodied, which is the icord now used. 

DIS-BOWEL, v. t. To take out the intestines. 

DIS-BRANCH', v. t. 1. To cut off or separate, as the 
branch of a tree. 2. To deprive of branches. Evelyn. 

DIS-BUD', V. t. To deprive of buds or shoots. 

DIS-BURD'EN, v. t. 1. To remove a burden from; to un- 
load ; to discharge. 2. To throw off a burden ; to disen- 
cumber ; to clear of any thing weighty, troublesome or 
cumbersome. 

DIS-BURD'EN, v. i. To ease the mind ; to be relieved. 

DIS-BURD'ENED, pp. Eased of a burden ; unloaded ; dis- 
encumbered. 

DIS-BURD'EN-ING, ppr. Unloading ; discharging ; throw- 
ing off a burden ; disencumbering. 

DIS-BURSE', (dis-burs') v. t. [Fr. debourscr.] To pay out, 
as money ; to spend or lay out ; primarily, to pay money 
from a public chest or treasury, but applicable to a private 
purse. 

DIS-BURS'ED, (dis-bursf) pp. Paid out ; expended. 

DIS-BUR.«E'MENT, n. [Fr. deboursement.] 1. The act of 
paying out ; as money from a public or private chest. 2. 
The money or sum paid out. 

DIS-BURS'ER, 71. One who pays out or disburses money. 

DIS-BURS'ING, ppr Paying out or expending. 

DlSe, n. [L, discus.] The face or breadth of the sun or 
moon ; also, the width of the aperture of a telescope glass. 

DIS-OAL'CE-ATE, v. t. [L. discalceatus.] To pull off the 
shoes or sandals. 

DIS-€AL'CE-A-TED, pp. Stripped of shoes. 

DIS-€AL-CE-A TION, n. The act of pulling off the shoes 
or sandals. Brown. 

DIS-€AN'DY, V. i. [dis and candy.] To melt ; to dissolve. 
Shak. 



DIS-€ARD', V. t. [Sp. descartar.] 1. To throw out of tl» 
hand such cards as are useless. 2. To dismiss from ser- 
vice or employment, or from society ; to cast off. 3. To 
thrust away ; to reject. 

DIS-€ARD'ED, pp. Thrown out ; dismissed from service , 
rejected. 

DIS-€ARD'ING, ppr. Throwing out ; dismissing from em- 
ployment; rejecting. 

t DIS-CARD'URE, 71. Dismissal. Hayter 

DIS-€ARN'ATE, a. [dis, and L. care] Stripped of flesh 

DIS-€aSE', v. t. [dis and case.] To take off a covering 
from ; to strip ; to undress. Shak. 

t DIS-CEP-Ta'TION, n. Controversy ; disputation. Fox. 

tDIS-CEP-TA'TOR, n. [L.] One who arbitrates or decides. 

DIS-CERN', (diz-zern') v. t. [L. discerno.] 1. To separate 
by the eye, or by the understanding. 2t To distinguish ; 
to see the diflerence between two or more things ; to dis- 
cruninate. 3. To make the difference ; [obs.] 4. To 
discover ; to see ; ot distinguish by the eye. 5. To dis- 
cover by the intellect ; to distinguish ; hence, to have 
knowledge of; to judge. 

DIS-CERN', (diz-zern'i v. u 1. To see or understand the 
difference ; to make aistinction. 2. To have judicial cog- 
nizance; [obs.] 

DIS-CERN'ED, (diz-zernd') pp. Distinguished; seen; dis 
covered. 

DIS-CERN'ER, (diz-zern'er) n. 1. One who sees, discovers 
or distinguishes ; an observer. 2. One who knows and 
judges ; one who has the power of distinguishing. 3. That 
which distinguishes ; or that which causes to understand. 

DIS-CERN'I-BLE, (diz-zern'e-bl) a. That may be seen dis- 
tinctly ; discoverable by the eye or the understanding ; 
distinguishable. 

DIS-CERN'I-BLE-NESS, (diz-zern'e-bl-nes) n. Visibleness. 

DIS-CERN'I-BLY, (diz-zern'e-ble) adv. In a manner to be 
discerned, seen or discovered ; visibly. Hammond. 

DIS-CERN'ING, (diz-zern'ing) pp7-. 1. Distinguishing ; see- 
ing ; discovering ; knowing ; judging. 2. a. Having power 
to discern ; capable of seeing, discriminating, knowing and 
judging ; sharp-sighted ; penetrating ; acute. 

DIS-CERN'ING, (diz-zern'ing) n. The act of discernuig ; 
discernment. 

DIS-CERN'ING-LY, (diz-zem'ing-ly) adv. With discern- 
ment ; acutely; with judgment; skilfully. Garth. 

DIS-CERN'MENT, (diz-zern ment) n. The act of discern- 
ing ; also, the power or faculty of the mind, by which it 
distinguishes one thing from another, as truth from false- 
hood, virtue from vice ; acuteness of judgment ; power of 
perceiving differences of things or ideas. 

f DIS-CERP', V. t. [L. discerpo.] To tear in pieces ; to sep- 
arate. 

DIS-CERP-I-BIL'I-TY, n. Capability or liableness to be 
torn asunder or disunited. 

f DIS-CERP'I-BLE, a. [L. discerpo. In some dictionaries 
it is written discerptible.] That may be torn asunder; 
separable ; capable of being disunited by violence. 

DIS-CERP'TION, n. The act of pulling to pieces, or of sep- 
arating the parts. 

t DIS-CES'SION, n. [L. discessio.] Departure. 

DIS-CHAR6E', V. t. [Fr. decharger.] 1. To unload, as a 
ship ; to take out, as a cargo. 2. To free from any load or 
burden ; to throw off or exonerate. 3. To throw off a 
load or charge ; to let fly ; to shoot. 4. To pay. 5. To 
send away, as a creditor by payment of what is due to 
him. 6. To free from claim or demand; to give an ac- 
quittance to, or a receipt in full, as to a debtor. 7. To 
free from an obligation. 8. To clear from an accusation 
or crime ; to acquit ; to absolve ; to set free ; with of. 9. 
To throw off or out ; to let fly ; to give vent to. 10. To 
perform or execute, as a duty or office considered as a 
charge. 11. To divest of an office or employment; to 
dismiss from service. 12. To dismiss ; to release ; to send 
away from any business or appointment. 13. To emit or 
send out. 14. To release ; to liberate from confinement. 
15. To put away ; to remove ; to clear from ; to destroy ; 
to throw off; to free. 

DIS-CHARGE', V. i. To break up 

DIS-CHAR6E', n. 1. An unloading, as of a ship. 2. A 
throwing out ; vent ; emission ; a flowing or issuing out, 
or a throwing out. 3. That which is thrown out ; matter 
emitted. 4. Dismission from office or service ; or the 
writing which evidences the dismission. 5. Release from 
obligation, debt or penalty ; or the writing which is evi- 
dence of it ; an acquittance. 6. Absolution from a crime or 
accusation ; acquittance. 7. Ransom ; liberation ; price 
paid for deliverance. Milton. 8. Performance ; execu- 
tion. 9. Liberation ; release from imprisonment or other 
confinement. 10. Exemption ; escape. 11. Payment, as 
of a debt. 
DIS-CHARG'ED, (dis-charjd')p;?. Unloaded; let 6ft"; shot, 
thrown out ; dismissed from service ; paid ; released ; ac- 
quitted ; freed from debt or penalty ; liberated ; perform- 
ed; executed. 
DIS-CHARG'ER, n. 1. He that discharges in any mannei 



* See Synopsis. R, E, I, t, Y, long.—FkB,, FALL, WH.A.T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD j— f Obsolete 



DIS 



S53 



DIS 



2. One who fires a gun. 3. In electricity, an instrument 
for discharging a Leyden phial, jar, &c., by opening a 
communication between the two surfaces. 

DIS-CHAR(j'ING, ppr. Unlading ; letting fly ; shooting ; 
throwing out ; emitting ; dismissing from service ; paying ; 
releasing from debt, obligation or claim ; acquitting ; lib- 
erating ; performing ; executing. 

DIS-CHURCH', V. t. To deprive of the rank of a church. 

t DIS-CTDE', V. t. To divide ; to cut in pieces. 

DIS-CINCT', a. Ungirded. 

f DIS^IND', V. t. To cut in two. Boyle. 

DIS-Cl'PLE, n. [L. discipulus.] 1. A learner; a scholar ; 
one who receives or professes to receive instruction from 
another. 2. A follower ; an adherent to the doctrines of 
another. 

DIS-C'I'PLE, V. t. 1. To teach ; to train or bring up. 2. 
To make disciples of; to convert to doctrines or princi- 
ples._ 3. To punish ; to discipline ; [not in use.] Spenser. 

DIS-Cl'PLED, pp. Taught ; trained ; brought up ; made a 
disciple. 

DIS-Cl'PLE-LIKE, a. Becoming a disciple. Milton. 

3)IS-Ci'PTiE-SHIP, n. The state of a disciple or follower in 
doctrines and precepts. Hammond. 

DIS-CI-PLIN'A-BLE, a. 1. Capable of instruction and im- 
provement in learning. 2. That may be subjected to dis- 
cipline. 3. Subject or liable to discipline, as the member 
of a church. 

DIS-CI-PLIN'A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Capacity of receiving 
instruction by education. Hale. 2. The state of being 
subject to discipline. 

DIS'CI-PLI-NANT, n. One of areligious order, so called from 
their practice of scourging themselves, or other rigid disci- 
pline. 

DIS-CI-PLI-Na'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to discipline. 

DIS-CI-PLI-Na'RI-AN, m. 1. One who disciplines; one 
versed in rules, principles and practice, and who teaches 
them with precision ; particularly, one who instructs in 
military and naval tactics and manceiivres. 2. A Puritan 
or Presbyterian ; so called from his rigid adherence to re- 
ligious discipline. Sanderson. 

DIS'CI-PLI-NA-RY, a. 1. Pertaining to discipline ; intend- 
ed for discipline or government ; promoting discipline. 2. 
Relating to a regular course of education ; intended for in- 
struction. 

DIS'CI-PLlNE, n. \li. disciplina.'] 1. Education; instruc- 
tion ; cultivation and improvement, comprehending in- 
struction in arts, sciences, correct sentiments, morals and 
manners, and due subordination to authority. 2. Instruc- 
tion and government, comprehending the communication 
of knowledge and the regulation of practice. 3. Rule of 
government ; method of regulating principles and prac- 
tice. 4. Subjection to laws, rules, order, precepts or 
regulations. 5. Correction ; chastisement ; punishment 
''ntended to correct crimes or errors. — 6. In ecclesiastical 
affairs, the execution of the laws by which the church is 
governed. 7. Chastisement or bodily punishment inflict- 
ed on a delinquent in the Romish church. 

DIS'CI-PLlNE, V. t. 1. To instruct or educate ; to inform 
the mind ; to prepare by instructing in correct principles 
and habits. 2. To instruct and govern ; to teach rules 
and practice, and accustom to order and subordination. 

3. To correct ; to chastise ; to punish. 4. To execute the 
laws of the church on offenders, with a view to bring 
them to repentance and reformation of life. 5. To ad- 
vance and prepare by instruction. 

DIS'CI-PLINED, pp. Instructed ; educated ; subjected to 
rules and regulations ; corrected ; chastised ; punished ; 
admonished. 

IS'CI-PLIN-ING, ppr. Instructing ; educating ; subjecting 
to order and subordination ; correcting ; chastising ; ad- 
monishing ; punishing. 

DIS-€LaIM', v. t. 1. To disown ; to disavow ; to deny 
the possession of; to reject as not belonging to one's self. 
2. To renounce ; to reject ; as, to disclaim the authority of 
the pope. 3. To deny all claim. 

DIS-CLAIM', V. i. To disavow all part or share. 

t DIS-€LAIM-A'TION, n. The act of disclaimhig ; a disa- 
vowing. Scott. 

DIS-CLaIM'ED, (dis-klamd') pp. Disowned ; disavowed ; 
rejected ; denied. 

DIS-€LaIM'ER, n. I. A person who disclaims, disowns 
or renounces. — 2. In law, an express or implied denial, by 
a tenant, that he holds an estate of his lord ; a denial of 
tenure, by plea or otherwise. Blackstone. 

I)TS-€LaIM'ING, ppr. Disowning; disavowmg; denying; 
1 enouncing. 

DIS-€LoSE', V. t. 1. To uncover ; to open ; to remove a 
cover from and lay open to the view. 2. To discover ; to 
lay open to the view ; to bring to light. 3. To reveal by 
words ; to tell ; to utter. 4. To make known ; to show 
in anymanner. 5. To open ; to hatch ; [not used.] 

DIS-CLoSE', n. Discovery. Younff. 

DIS-€LoS'ED, (dis-kl6zd') pp. Uncovered ; opened, to 
view ; made known ; revealed ; told ; uttered. 



DIS-€LoS'ER, n. One who discloses or Ireveals. 

DIS-€LoS'lNG, ppr. Uncovering ; openmg to view ; re- 
vealing ; making known ; telling. 

DIS-€LoS'URE, (dis-kloizhur) n. 1. The act of disclosing ; 
an uncovering and opening to view ; discovery. 2. The 
act of revealing; utterance of what was secret; a telling. 
3. The act of making known what was concealed. 4. 
That vyhich is disclosed or njade known. 

DIS-€LU'SION, (dis-klu'zhun) n. [L. disclusus.] An emis- 
sion ; a throwing out. [Little used.] More. 

t DIS-€oAST', V. i. To depart from ; to quit the coast, 

DIS-€0-He'RENT, a. Incoherent. 

DISCOID, n. [discus, and Gr. eiSos.] Something in form of 
a discus or disk. 

DIS'COID, ) a. Having the form of a disk. — Discoid or 

DIS-€OID'AL, ) discous flowers are compound flowers, 
not radiated, but the florets all fabulai-, as the tansy, 
southern-wood, &c. 

DIS-eoL'OR, V. t. [L. discoloro.] 1. To alter the natural 
hue or color of; to stain ; to tinge. 2. To change any 
color, natural or artificial; to alter a color partially. 3. 
Figuratively, to alter the complexion ; to change the ap- 
pearance. 

DIS-€6L-0R-A'TI0N, n. 1. The act of altering the color ; 
a staining. 2. Alteration of color ; stain. 3. Alteration 
of complexion or appearance. 

DIS-€6L'0RED, pp. 1. Altered in color; stained. 2. a. 
Variegated ; being of divers colors. Spenser. 

DIS-€oL'OR-ING, ppr. Alteiing the color or hue ; staining ; 
changing the complexion. 

DIS-€6M'FIT, V. t. [Fr. deconfire, deconfit.] To rout ; to 
defeat; to scatter in fight; to cause to flee; to vanquish. 

DIS-CoM'FIT, n. Rout ; dispersion ; defeat ; overthrow 

DIS-€6M'FIT-ED, pp. Routed ; defeated ; overthrown. 

DIS-€6M'FIT-ING, ppr. Routing; defeating. 

DIS-€oM'PIT-URE, n. 1. Rout; defeat in battle ; disper- 
sion ; overthrow. 2. Defeat ; frustration ; disappoint- 
ment. 

DIS-€oM'FORT, n. Uneasiness; disturbance of peace; 
pain ; grief; inquietude. South. 

DIS-€oM'FORT, v. t. To disturb peace or happiness ; to 
make uneasy ; to pain ; to grieve ; to sadden ; to deject. 

DIS-€oM'FORT-A-BLE, a. 1. Causing uneasiness ; un- 
pleasant ; giving pain ; making sad ; [little used.] 2. Un- 
easy ; melancholy ; refusing comfort ; [not used, l Shak. 

t DIS-€6M'rORT-A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being discom- 



DIS-€oMTORT-ED, pp. Made uneasy ; disturbed ; pain 
ed ; grieved. 

DIS-€0M'FORT-ING, ppr. Disturbing peace and happi- 
ness ; making uneasy ; grieving. 

DIS-€OM-MEND', v. t. [dis and commend.] To blame ; to 
censure ; to mention with disapprobation. 

DIS-€OM-MEND'A-BLE, a. Blamable ; censurable; de 
serving disapprobation. Ayliffe. 

DIS-€OM-MEND'A-BLE-NESS, n. Blamableness ; the 
quality of being worthy of disapprobation. 

DIS-€OM-MEN-Da'TION, n. Blame ; censure. 

DIS-€OM-MEND'ER, n. One who discommends. 

DIS-COM-MEND'ING, ppr. Blaming ; censuring. 

t DIS-eOM'MO-DATE, v. t. To molest. Sir H. Wotton. 

DIS-€OM-MoDE', v. t. [dis, and Fr. commode.] To put to 
inconvenience ; to incommode , to molest ; to trouble. 

DIS-€OM-MoDED, pp. Put to inconvenience; molested; 
incommode^. 

DIS-€OM-MoD'ING, ppr. Putting to inconvenience ; giv- 
ing trouble to. 

DIS-€OM-Mo'DI-OUS, a. Inconvenient ; troublesome 
Spenser. 

DIS-eOM-MOD'I-TY, n. Inconvenience; trouble; hurt; 
disadvantage. Bacon. 

DIS-€OM'MON, V. t. 1. To appropriate common land ; to 
separate and inclose common. Cowel. 2. To deprive of 
the privileges of a place. 

t DIS-€OM-PLEX'ION, v. t. To change the complexion or 
color. Beaumont. 

DIS-COM-PoSE', V. t. I. To unsettle ; to disorder ; to dis- 
turb. 2. To disturb peace and quietness ; to agitate ; to 
ruffle. Swift. 3. To displace ; to discard ; [not in use ] 
Bacon. 

DIS-€OM-PoS'ED, (dis-kom-pozd ) pp. Unsettled ; disor- 
dered ; ruffled ; agitated ; disturbed. 

DIS-€OM-Poffi'ING, ppr. Unsettling; putting out of order ; 
ruffling ; agitating ; disturbing tranquillity. 

f DIS-€OM-PO-SI"TION, n. Inconsistency. 

DIS-€OM-PoS'URE, (dis-kom-po'zhur) n. Disorder ; agita- 
tion ; disturbance ; perturbation. 

DIS-CON-CERT', v. t. [dis and concert.] 1. To break or 
interrupt any order, plan or harmonious scheme : to de- 
feat ; to frustrate, 2. To unsettle the mind ; to discom- 
pose ; to disturb ; to confuse. 

DIS-eON-CERT'ED, pp. Broken ; interrupted ; disordered ; 
defeated ; unsettled ; discomposed ; confused. 



* See SyTiopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K } 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, j Obsolete. 



DIS 



254 



DIS 



DIS-€0N-CERT1NG^ ppr. Disordering j defeating; dis- 
composing ; disturbing. 

DIS-eON-CER'TION, n. The act of disconcerting. Ham- 
ilton. 

DIS-€ON-FORM'I-TY, n. Want of agreement or conform- 
ity; inconsistency. Hakewill. 

DIS-€ON-GRu'I-TY, n. Want of congruity; incongruity; 
disagreement; inconsistency. Hale. 

DIS-€ON-NEeT', v. t. [dis and connect.] To separate ; to 
disunite ; to dissolve connection. Burke. 

DIS-eON-NECT'ED, pp. Separated ; disunited. 

DIS-eON-i-^EeT'ING, ppr. Separating ; disuniting. 

DIS-€ON-NE€'TION, n. The act of separating, or state of 
being disunited ; separation; want of union. Burke. 

DIS-€ON-SENT', v. i. [dis and consent.] To differ; to dis- 
agree ; not to consent. Milton. 

t DJS-€ON'SO-LAN-CY, n. Disconsolateness. 

DIS-€ON'SO-LATE, a. {dis, and L. consolatus.] I. Des- 
titute of comfort or consolation ; sorrowful ; hopeless, or 
not expecting comfort ; sad ; dejected ; melancholy. 2. 
Not affording comfort ; cheerless. 

DIS-eON'SO-LATE-LY, adv. In a disconsolate manner; 
without cf>mfort. 

DIS-€ON'SO-LATE-NESS, n. The state of being discon- 
solate or comfortless. 

DIS-€ON-SO-La'TION, m. Want of comfort. Jackson. 

DIS-eON-TENT', n. Want of content ; uneasiness or in- 
quietude of mind; dissatisfaction. 

DIS-€ON-TENT', a. Uneasy ; dissatisfied. Hayward. 

DIS-€ON-TENT', v. t. To make uneasy at the present 
state ; to dissatisfy. 

DIS-€ON-TENT'ED, pp. or a. Uneasy in mind ; dissatis- 
fied ; unquiet. 

DIS-€ON-TENT'ED-LY, adv. In a discontented manner 
or mood. 

DIS-€ON-TENT'ED-NESS, n. Uneasiness of mind; in- 
quietude ; dissatisfaction. Addison. 

DIS-eON-TENT'ING, a. Giving uneasiness. 

DIS-€ON-TENT'MENT, n. The state of being uneasy in 
mind ; uneasiness ; inquietude ; discontent. 

DIS-€ON-TIN'U-ANCE, n. 1. Want of continuance; 
cessation; intermission; interruption of continuance. 2. 
Want of continued connection or cohesion of parts ; want 
of union; disruption. — 3. In law, a breaking off or inter- 
ruption of possession. — 4. Discontinuance of a suit is 
when a plaintiff leaves a chasm in the proceedings in his 
cause, as by not continuing the process regularly from day 
to day. 

DIS-€ON-TIN-U-A'TION, n. Breach or interruption of 
continuity; disruption of parts; separation of parts. 

DIS-eON-TIN UE, V. t. 1. To leave off; to cause to cease, 
as a practice or habit ; to stop ; to put an end to. 2. To 
break off; to interrupt. 3. To cease to take or receive. 

DIS-€ON-TIN'UE, v. i. 1. To cease ; to leave the posses- 
sion, or lose an established or long-enjoyed right. 2. To 
lose the cohesion of parts ; to suffer disruption or separa- 
tion of substance ; [little used.] 

DIS-€ON-TIN'UED, pp. Left off; interrupted ; broken 
off. 

DIS-eON-TIN'U-ER, n. One who discontinues a rule or 
practice. 

DIS-€ON-TIN'U-ING, ppr. Ceasing ; mterrupting ; break- 
ing off. 

DIS-€ON-TI-Nu'I-TY, n. Disunion of parts ; want of cohe- 
sion. J^ewton. 

DIS-eON-TIN'U-OUn, a. i. Broken off; interrupted. 2. 
Separated i_ wide ; gaping. Milton. 

IHS-€ON-VeN'IENCE, 71. Incongruity ; disagreement. 
[Little used.] Bramhall. 

DIS-€0N-VeN'1ENT, a. Incongruous. Reynolds. 

DIS'CORD, n. [L. discordia.] 1. Disagreement among 
persons or things. Between persons, difference of opin- 
ions ; variance ; opposition ; contention ; strife ; any dis- 
agreement which produces angry passions, contest, dis- 
putes, litigation or war. 2. Disagreement ; want of order ; 
a clashing.— 3. In music, disagreement of sounds ; disso- 
nance ; a union of sounds which is inharmonious, grating 
and disagreeable to the ear. 

fDIS-CORD', v.i. To disagree; to jar; to clash; not to 
suit ; not to be coincident. Bacon. 

DIS-€0RD'ANCE, ) n. [L. discordant.] Disagreement ; op- 

DTS-€ORD'AN-CY, \ position ; inconsistency. 

DLS-€ORD'ANT, a. [L. discordaus.] 1. Disagreeing; in- 
congruous ; contradictory ; being at variance. 2. Oppo- 
site ; contrarious ; not coincident. 3. Dissonant ; not in 
unison ; not harmonious ; not accordant ; harsh ; jarring. 

DIS-€ORD'ANT-LY, adv. Dissonantly ; in a discordant 
manner ; inconsistently ; in a manner to jar or clash ; in 
disagreement with another, or with itself. 

DIS-€ORD'FUL, a. Ciuarrelsome ; contentious. 

tDIS-€OUN'SEL, 17, t. To dissuade. Spenser. 

DIS'€OUNT, 71. [Fr. deconte, or decompte.] I. A sum de- 
ducted for prompt or advanced payment ; an allowance or 
deduction from a sum due, or from a credit ; a certain rate 



per cent, deducted from the credit pjice of goods sold, or. 
account of prompt payment ; or any deduction from the 
customary price, or from a sum due, or to be due, at a fu- 
ture time. — 2. Among bankers, the deduction of a sum for 
advanced payment; particularly, the deduction of the in- 
terest on a sum lent, at the time of lending. 3. The sum 
deducted or refunded. 4. The act of discounting. 
*DIS'€OUNT, orDIS-eOUNT', r. f. [Sp. desco7itar.] 1. 
To deduct a certain sum or rate per cent, from the princi- 
pal sum. 2. To lend or advance the amount of, deduct- 
ing the interest or other rate per cent, firom the principal, 
at the time of the loan or advance. 

* DIS'€OUNT, V. i. To lend or make a practice of lending 
money, deducting the interest at the time of the loan. 

Dl!3-€0UNT'A-BLE, a. That may be discounted. 
DIS'€OUNT-DAY, n. The day of the week on which a 
bank discounts notes and bills. 

* DIS'€OUNT-ED, pp. 1. Deducted from a principal sum 
paid back ; refunded or allowed. 2. Having the amount 
lent on discount or deduction of a sum in advance. 

DIS-€OUxV'TE-NANCE, v. t. [dis and countenance.] 1. To 
abash ; to discompose the countenance ; to put to shame ; 
[not v^ed.] Milton. 2. To discourage ; to check ; to re- 
strain by irovvTis, censure, arguments, opposition or cold 
treatment. 

DIS-€OUN'TE-NAJfCE, n. Cold treatment ; unfavorable 
aspect ; unfriendly regard ; disapprobation ; whatever 
tends to check or discourage. 

DIS-€OUN'TE-NANCED, pp. Abashed ; discouraged , 
checked ; frowned on. 

DIS-eOUN'TE-NAN-CER, n. One who discourages by 
cold treatment, frowns, censure or expression of disap- 
probation ; one who checks or depresses by unfriendly re- 
gards. 

DIS-€OUN'TE-NAN-CING, ppr. Abashing ; discouraging; 
checking by disapprobation or unfriendly regards. 

* DIS'€OUNT-ER, n. One who advances money on dis- 
counts. Burke. 

* DIS'€OUNT-ING, ppr. 1. Deducting a sum for prompt or 
advanced payment. 2. Lending on discount. 

DIS'COUNT-ING, n. The act or practice of lending money 
on discounts. Hamilton. 

DIS-€oUR'A6E, (dis-kur'aje) v. t. [dis and courage ; Fr. 
decourager.] 1. To extinguish the courage of; to dis- 
hearten ; to depress the spirits ; to deject ; to deprive of 
confidence. 2. To deter from any thing ; with from. 3. 
To attempt to repress or prevent ;" to dissuade from. 

DIS-€6UR'AGED, (dis-kur'ajd) pp. Disheartened ; depriv- 
ed of courage or confidence ; depressed in spirits ; deject- 
cd ' cli6ckG(i 

DIS-€oUR'A6E-MENT, (dis-kur'aje-ment) n. 1. The act 
of disheartening, or depriving of courage ; the act of de- 
terring or dissuading from an undertaking ; the act of 
depressing confidence. 2. That which destroys or abates 
courage ; that which depresses confidence or hope ; that 
which deters or tends to deter from an undertaking, or 
from the prosecution of any thing. 

DIS-€6UR'A-6ER, (dis-kur'a-jer) n. One who discom-ages ; 
one who disheartens, or depresses the courage ; one who 
impresses diffidence or fear of success ; one who dissuades 
from an undertaking. 

DIS-C6UR'A-6ING, (dis-kur'a-jing) ppr. 1. Dishearten- 
ing ; depressing courage. 2. a. Tending to dishearten, or 
to depress the courage. 

DIS-€oURSE', (dis-kors') n. [Fr. discours ; L. disciirsus.] 
1. The act of the understanding^ by which it passes from 
premises to consequences. 2. Literally, a running over a 
subject in speech ; hence, a communication of thoughts 
by words, either to individuals, to companies, or to pub- 
lic assemblies. 3. Effusion of language ; speech. 4. A 
written treatise ; a formal dissertation. 5. A sermon, ut- 
tered or written. 

DIS-€oURSE', V. i. 1. To talk ; to converse ; but it ex- 
presses rather more formality than talk. 2. To communi- 
cate thoughts or ideas in a formal manner ; to treat upon 
in a solemn, set manner. 3. To reason ; to pass from 
premises to consequences. 

t DIS-€oURSE', V. t. To treat of; to talk over, to discuss. 

DIS-CoURS'ER, n. I. One who discourses ; a speaker ; a 
haranguer. 2. The writer of a treatise. 

DIS-€5URS'ING, ppr. Talking ; conversing ; preaching ; 
discussing ; treating at some length or in a formal man- 
ner. 

DIS-€oUR'SIVE, a. I. Reasoning ; passing from premises 
to consequences. J\Rlton. 2. Containing dialogue or con- 
versation : interlocutorj'. Dryden. 

*DIS-€oUR'TE-OUS, (dis-kor'te-us) [See CotrRXEous.] a. 
Uncivil ; rude ; uncomplaisant ; wanting in good manners 

*DIS-€OUR'TE-OUS-LY, (dis-kor'te-us-ly) adv. In a rude 
or uncivil manner ; with incivility. 

DIS-€OUR'TE-SY, (dis-kor'te-sy) n. [dis and couHesy.] In- 
civility ; rudeness of behavior or language ; ill manners 
act of disrespect. 

fDIS-CoURT'SHIPjW. Want of respect. JB.JoTwon. 



♦ See Synoysi3. A, E, I, 5, C, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. 



DIS 



255 



DIS 



DISe'OUS, a. [L. discus.] Broad ; flat ; wide ; used of the 
middle plain and flat part of some flowers. 

DIS-€6V'ER, V. t. [Fr. decouvrirA 1. Literally, to uncov- 
er ; to remove a covering. 2. To lay open to the view ; to 
disclose ; to show ; to make visible ; to expose to view 
something before unseen or concealed. 3. To reveal ; to 
make known. 4. To espy ; to have the first sight of. 5. 
To find out ; to obtain the first knowledge of; to come to 
the knowledge of something sought or before unknown. 
6. To detect. 

DIS-€oV'ER-A-BLE, a. 1. That may be discovered ; that 
may be brought to light, or exposed to view. 2. That 
may be seen, 3. That may be found out, or made known. 
4. Apparent ; visible ; exposed to view. 

DIS-€oV'ERED, pp. Uncovered ; disclosed to view ; laid 
open ; revealed ; espied or first seen ; found out ; de- 

DIS-€oV'ER-ER, m. 1. One who discovers ; one who 
first sees or espies ; one who finds out, or first comes to 
the knowledge of something. 2. A scout ; an explorer. 

DIS-€oV'ER-ING, ppr. Uncovering ; disclosing to view ; 
laying open ; revealing ; making known ; espying ; find- 
ing out ; detecting. 

DIS-€OV'ER-TURE, n. [Fr. decmivert.] A state of being 
released from coverture ; freedom of a woman from the 
coverture of a husband. 

DIS-€6V'ER-Y, n. 1. The action of disclosing to view, or 
bringing to light. 2. Disclosure ; a making known. 3. 
The action of finding something hidden. 4. The act of 
finding out, or coming to the knowledge of. 5. The act 
of espying ; first sight of. 6. That which is discovered, 
found out or revealed ; that which is first brought to light, 
seen or known. — 7. In dramatic poetry, the uriraveling of 
a plot, or the manner of unfolding the plot, or fable, of a 
comedy or tragedy. 

DIS-€RED'IT, n. [Fr. discredit.] 1. Want of credit or 
good reputation ; some degree of disgrace or reproach ; 
disesteem. 2. Want of belief, trust or confidence ; dis- 
belief. 

DIS-€RED'IT, V. t. [Fr. decrediter.] 1. To disbelieve ; to 
give no credit to ; not to credit or believe. 2. To deprive 
of creuit or good reputation ; to make less reputable or 
honorable ; to bring into disesteem ; to bring into some 
degree of disgrace, or into disrepute. 3. To deprive of 
credibility. 

DIS-€RED'IT-A-BLE, a. Tending to injure credit : inju- 
rious to reputation ; disgraceful ; disreputable. 

DIS-CRED'IT-ED, pp. Disbelieved ; brought into disrepute ; 
disgraced. 

DIS-€RED'IT-ING, ppr. Disbelieving ; not tnisting to ; de- 
priving of credit ; disgracing. 

DIS-€REET', a. [Fr. discrei.] Prudent; wise in avoiding 
errors or evil, and in selectmg the best means to accom- 
plish a purpose ; circumspect ; cautious ; wary ; not rash. 

DIS-€REET'IiY, adv. Prudently ; circumspectly ; cau- 
tiously ; with nice judgment of what is best to be done or 
omitted. 

DIS-€REET'NESS, m. The quality of being discreet ; dis- 
cretion. 

*DIS-€REP'ANCE, ) n. [L. discrepantia.] Difference ; dis- 

* DIS-€REP'AN-C Y, \ agreement ; contrariety, Faher. 

* DIS-€REP'ANT, a. Difierent; disagreeing; contrary. 

DIS-CReTE', a. [1,. discretus.1 1. Separate; distinct ; dis- 
junct. — Discrete proportion is when the ratio of two or 
more pairs of numbers or quantities is the same, but there 
is not the same proportion between all the numbers ; as, 
3 : 6 : : 8 : 16. Harris. 2. Disjunctive. 

t DTS-€ReTE', v. t. To separate ; to discontinue. 

DIS-€RE"TION, (dis-kresh'un) n. [Fr. discretion.] 1. 
Prudence, or knowledge and prudence ; that discern- 
ment which enables a person to judge critically of what 
is correct and proper, united with caution ; nice discern- 
ment and judgment, directed by circumspection, and pri- 
marily regarding one's own conduct. 2. Liberty or pow- 
er of acting without other control than one's own judg- 
ment. — To surrender at discretion, is to surrender without 
stipulation or terms. 3. Disjunction ; separation ; [not 
much used.] Mede. 

DIS-€RE"TION-A-RY, or DIS-€RE"TION-AL, a. Left to 
discretion; unrestrained except by discretion or judg- 
ment ; that is to be directed or managed by discretion only. 

DIS-€RE"TION-A-RI-LY, or DIS-€RE"TION-AL-LY, 
adv. At discretion ; according to discretion. 

DIS-€Re'TIVE, a. 1. Disjunctive ; noting separation or 
opposition. — In logic, a discretive proposition expresses 
some distinction, opposition or variety, by means of but, 
thoutrh, yet, &c.; as, travelers change tlieir climate, &M,t 
not their temper. — 2. In grammar, discretive distinctions 
are such as imply opposition or difference ; as, not a man, 
but a beast. 3. Separate ; distinct. 

* DIS-€Re'TIVE-LY, adv. In a discretive manner. 
DIS-€RIM'I-NA-BLE, a. That may be discriminated. 
DIS-CRIM'I-NATE, v. t. [L. dlscnmino.] 1. To distin- 
guish ; to observe the difference between. 2. To sepa- 



rate ; to. select from others ; to make a distinction be 
tween. 3. To mark with notes of difference ; todistin 
guish by some note or mark. 

DIS-€RIM'I-NATE, v. i. 1. To make a difference or dis- 
tinction. 2. To observe or note a diflTerence ; to distin- 
guish. 

DIS-€RIM'I-NATE, a. Distinguished; having the differ- 
ence marked. Bacon. 

DIS-€RIM'I-NA-TED, pp. Separated ; distinguished. 

DIS-€RIM'I-NATE-LY, adv. Distinctly ; with minute dis- 
tinction ; particularly. Johnson. 

DIS-€RIM'I-NATE-NESS, n. Distinctness; marked dif- 
ference. Diet. 

DIS-GRIM'I-NA-TING, ppr. 1. Separating; distinguish- 
ing ; marking with notes of difference. 2. a. Distinguish- 
ing ; peculiar ; characterized by peculiar differences. 3. 
a. That discriminates ; able to make nice distinctions. 

DIS-€RIM-I-Na'TION, n. 1 . The act of distinguishing ; 
the act of making or observing a difference ; distinction. 
2. The state of being distinguished. 3, Mark of distinc- 
tion. 

DIS-€RIM'I-NA-T1VE, a. 1. That makes the mark of dis- 
tinction ; that constitutes the mark of difference ; charac- 
teristic. 2. That observes distinction. 

DIS-€RIM'I-NA-TiVE-LY, adv. With discrimination or 
distinction. Foster. 

t DIS-€RIM'I-NOUS, a. Hazardous. Harvey. 

t DIS-€RU'CIA-TING, a. Painful. Brown. 

I)IS-€u'BI-TO-RY, a. [L. discvMtorius.] Leaning ; inclin- 
ing ; or fitted to a leaning posture. Brown. 

DIS-€ULP'ATE, v. t. [Fr. disculper.] To free from blame 
or fault ; to exculpate ; to excuse. Ashton. 

DIS-€ULP'A-TED, pp. Cleared from blame ; exculpated. 

DIS-€ULP'A-TING, ppr. Freeing from blame ; excusing. 

DIS-€UM'BEN-CY, w. [1,. discumbens.] The act of leaning 
at meat, according to the manner of the ancients. 

DIS-€UM'BER, v. t. To unburden ; to throw off any thing 
cumbersome ; to disengage ; to disencumber. 

t DIS-€uRE', V. t. To discover ; to reveal. Spenser. 

t DIS-€UR'RENT, a. Not current, Sandys. 

DIS-€UR'SION, n. [L, discurro.] A running or rambling 
about. Bailey. 

t DIS-€URS'IST, n. A disputer. L. .Addison. 

DIS-eURS'IVE, a. [Sp. disciirsivo.] 1. Moving or roving 
about ; desultory. 2. Argumentative ; reasoning ; pro 
ceeding regularly from premises to consequences ; some 
times written discourdve. 

DIS-€URS'IVE-LY, adv. Argumentatively ; in the form of 
reasoning or argument. Hale. 

DIS-€URS'IVE-NESS, t?. Range or gradation of argument. 

DIS-€URS'0-RY, a. Argumental ; rational. Johnson. 

DIS€'US, n. [L.] 1. A quoit ; a piece of iron, copper or 
stone, to be thrown in play. 2. In botany, the middle 
plain part of a radiated compound flower, generally con- 
sisting of small florets. 3. The face or surface of the sun* 
or moon. 

DIS-€USS', v. t. [L. discutio, discu^sum.] 1. To disperse ; 
to scatter ; to dissolve ; to repel. 2. To debate ; to agi- 
tate by argument ; to clear of objections and difficulties, 
with a view to find or illustrate truth ; to sift ; to exam- 
ine by disputation ; to ventilate ; to reason on. 3. To 
break in pieces; [not used.} Brown. 4. To shake off; 
[not in use.] Spender. 

DIS-€USS'ED, (dis-kusf) pp. Dispersed ; dissipated ; debat- 
ed; agitated; argued. 

DIS-€USS'ER, n. One who discusses ; one who sifts or ex- 
amines. 

DIS-€USS'ING, ppr. Dispersing ; resolving ; scattering ; de- 
bating ; agitating ; examining by argument. 

DIS-GUSS'ING, n. Discussion ; examination. 

DIS-€US'SION, n. 1. In surgery, resolution ; the disper- 
sion of a tumor or any coagulated matter. Coxe. 2. De- 
bate ; disquisition ; the agitation of a point or subject with 
a view to elicit truth ; the treating of a subject by argu- 
ment. 

DIS-CUSS'IVE, a. Having the power to discuss, resolve 
or disperse tumors or coagulated matter. 

DIS-€USS'IVE, n. A medicine that discusses; a discu- 
tient. 

DIS-€u'TIENT, a. [L. discutiens.] Discussing; dispers- 
ing morbid matter. 

DIS-€!U'TIENT, n. A medicine or application which dis- 
perses a tumor or any coagulated fluid in the body- 
Coze. 

DIS-DaIN', v. t. [Fr. dedaigner.] To think unworthy ; to 
deem worthless ; to consider to be unworthy of notice, 
care, regard, esteem, or unworthy of one's character ; to 
scornj to contemn. 

DIS-DaIN', n. Contempt ; scorn ; a passion excited in no- 
ble minds, by the hatred or detestation of what is mean 
and dishonorable, and implying a consciousness of supe- 
riority of mind, or a supposed superiority. 

DIS-DaIN'ED, (diz-dand') pp. Despised , contemned ; 
scorned. 



Se« Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 aa J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



DIS 



256 



DIS 



DIS-DAIN'FUL, a. 1. Full of disdain. 2. Expressing dis- 
dain. 3. Contemptuous ; scornful ; haughty ; indignant. 

D1S-DaIN'FUL-LY, adv. Contemptuously j with scorn; 
in a haughty manner. South. 

DIS-DAIN'FUL-JNESS, n. Contempt; contemptuousness ; 
haughty scorn. Sidney. 

DIS-DaIN'INGj ppr. Contemning; scorning. 

DIS-DaIN'ING, n. Contempt ; scorn. 

DIS-DI-A-€LAS'TI€, a. An epithet given to a fine pellu- 
cid spar, called also Iceland crystal. 

DIS-DI-A-Pa'SON, I n. [See Diapason.] In music, a com- 

BIS-DI-A-Pa'SON, \ pound concord in the quadruple ra- 
tio of 4: lorS :2. 

DIS-eASE', (diz-eze') n. \dis and ease.'] 1. In its primary 
sense, pain, uneasiness, distress ; but in this sense obso- 
lete. Spenser. 2. The cause of pain or uneasiness ; dis- 
temper ; malady ; sickness ; disorder ; any state of a liv- 
ing body, in which the natural functions of the organs are 
interrupted or disturbed. 3. A disordered state of the 
mind or intellect, by which the reason is impau-ed.— 4. In 
society, vice ; corrupt state of morals. 5. Political or civil 
disorder, or vices in a state. 

DIS-EASE', (diz-eze') v. t. 1. To interrupt or impair any 
or all the natural and regular functions of the several or- 
gans of a living body ; to afflict with pain or sickness ; to 
make morbid ; used chiefly in the passive participle. 2. 
To interrupt, or render imperfect, the regular functions of 
the brain, or of the intellect : to disorder ; to derange. 3. 
To infect ; to communicate disease to, by contagion. 4. 
To j)ain : to make uneasy. 

DIS-eAS'ED, (diz-ezd') pp. or a. Disordered ; distemper- 
G(l ■ sick 

DIS-eAS'ED-NESS, n. The state of being diseased ; a 
morbid state ,• sickness. Burnet. 

DIS-eASE'FUL, a. 1. Abounding with disease ; produc- 
ing_diseases! 2. Occasioning uneasiness. 

DIS-eASE'MENT, n. Uneasiness ; inconvenience. Bacon. 

DIS-ED6'ED, (dis-edjd') a. Blunted ; made dull. Shak. 

DIS-EM-BARK', v. t. [Ft. desembarquer.] To land ; to de- 
bark ; to remove from on board a ship to the land ; to put 
on shore ; applied particularly to the landing of troops and 
military apparatus. 

DIS-EM-BARK', v. i. To land ; to debark ; to quit a ship 
for residence or action on shore. 

DIS-EM-BARK'ED, (dis-em-barkf) pp. Landed ; put on 
shore. 

DIS-EM-BARK ING, ppr. Landing ; removing from on 
board a ship to land. 

DIS-EM-BARK'MENT, n. The act of disembarking. 

DIfl-EM-BAR'RASS, v. t. To free from embarrassment or 
perplexity ; to clear ; to extricate. 

DIS-EM-BAR'RASSED, pp. Freed from embarrassment ; 
extricated from difiiculty. 

DtS-EM-BAR'RASS-ING, ppr. Freeing from" embarrass- 
ment or perplexity ; extricating. 

DIS-EM-BAR'RASS-MENT, K. The act of extricating from 
perplexity. 

DIS-EM-BaY', v. t. To clear from a bay. Sherburne. 

DIS-EM-BIT'TER, v. t. [dis and embitter.] To free from 
bitterness ; to clear from acrimony ; to render sweet or 
pleasant. Addison. 

DIS-EM-BOD'IED, a. 1. Divested of the body. 2. Sepa- 
rated ; discharged from keeping in a body. 

DIS-EM-BOD'Y, v.t. I. To divest of body ; to free from 
flesh. 2. To discharge from military array. 

DIS-EM-BoGUE', (dis-em-bog') v. t. [dis, and Fr. emboucher.] 
To pour out or discharge at the mouth, as a stream ; to 
vent ; to discharge into the ocean or a lake. 

DiS-EM-BoGUE', v. i. 1. To flow out at the mouth, as a 
river ; to discharge waters into the ocean, or into a lake. 
2. To pass out of a gulf or bay. 

DIS-EM-BoGUE'MENT, n. Discharge of waters into the 
ocean or a lake. Mease. 

DIS-EM-BoS'OM, V. t. To stparate from the bosom. 

DIS-EM-BOW'EL, v. t. To take out the bowels ; to take or 
draw from the bowels. 

DIS-EM-BOW'ELED, pp. Taken or drawn from the bow- 

DIS-EM-BOW'EL-ING, ppr. Taking or drawing from the 
bowels. 

t DIS-EM-BR AN'GLE, v. t. To free from litigation. 

DIS-EM-BROIL', v. t. To disentangle ; to free from per- 
plexity ; to extricate from confusion. Dryden. 

DIS-EM-BROIL'ED, (dis-em-broild') pp. Disentangled; 
cleared from perplexity or confusion. 

DIS-EM-BROIL'ING, ppr. Disentangling; freeing from 
confusion. 

DIS-EN-A'BLE, v.t. "To deprive of power, natural or moral ; 
to disable ; to deprive of ability or means. 

DIS-EN-a'BLED, pp. Deprived of power, ability or means. 

DIS-EN-A'BLING, ppr. Depriving of power, ability or 
means. 

DIS-EN-CHANT', v. t. To free from enchantment ; to de- 
liver from the power of charms or spells. 



DIS-EN-CHANT'ED, pp. Delivered from enchantment, or 
the power of charms. 

DIS-EN-CHANT'ER, n. One who frees from the power of 
enchantment. Oayton. 

DIS-EN-CHANT'ING, ppr. Freeing from enchantment, or 
the influence of charms. 

DIS-EN-€UM'BER, v. t. 1. To free from encumbrance ; to 
deliver from clogs and impediments ; to disburden. 2. To 
free from any obstruction ; to free from any thing heavy 
or unnecessary. 

DIS-EN-€UM'BERED, pp. Freed from encumbrance. 

DIS-EN-eUM'BER-ING, ppr. Freeing from encumbrance. 

DIS-EN-CUM'BRANCE, n. Freedom or deliverance from 
encumbrance, or any thing burdensome or troublesome. 

DIS-EN-Ga6E', v. t. 1. To separate, as a substance from 
any thing with which it is in union ; to free ; to loose ; to 
liberate. 2. To separate from that to which one adheres, 
or is attached. 3. To disentangle ; to extricate ; to clear 
from impediments, difiiculties or perplexities. 4. To de- 
tach ; to withdraw ; to wean. 5. To free from any thing 
that commands the mind, or employs the attention. 6. To 
release or liberate from a promise or obligation ; to set free 
by dissolving an engagement. 

DIS-EN-Ga6E', v. i. To set one's self free from ; to with- 
draw one's affections from. 

DIS-EN-Ga6'ED, (dis-en-gajd') pp. 1. Separated ; detach- 
ed ; set free ; released ; disjoined ; disentangled. 2. a 
Vacant ; being at leisure ; not particularly occupied ; not 
having the attention confined to a particular object. 

DIS-EN-GaG'ED-NESS, 71. 1. The quality or state of being 
disengaged ; freedom from connection ; disjunction. 2. 
Vacuity of attention. 

DIS-EN-GAGE'MENT, n. 1. A setting free ; separation ; 
extrication. 2. The act of separating or detaching. 3. 
Liberation or release from obligation. 4. Freedom from 
attention ; vacancy ; leisure. 

DIS-EN-Ga6'ING, ppr. Separating ; loosing ; setting free , 
detaching ; liberating ; releasing from obligation. 

DIS-EN-No'BLE, v. t. To deprive of title, or of that which 
ennobles. Ouardian. 

DIS-EN-RoLL', v. i. To erase from a roll or list. 

DIS-EN-SLaVE', v. t. To free from bondage. South. 

DIS-EN-TAN'GLE, v. t. I. To unravel ; to unfold ; to un- 
twist ; to loose, separate or disconnect things which are 
interwoven, or united without order. 2. To free ; to ex- 
tricate from perplexity ; to disengage from complicated 
concerns ; to set free from impediments or difficulties. 
3. To disengage ; to separate. 

DIS-EN-TAN'GLED, pp. Freed from entanglement : extri- 
cated. 

DIS-EN-TAN'GLING, ppr. Freeing from entanglement, 
extricating. 

DIS-EN-TER'. See Disinter. 

DIS-EN-THRoNE', v. t. To dethrone ; to depose from sove- 
reign authority. 

DIS-EN-THRoN'ED, (dis-en-throndO pp. Deposed ; depriv- 
ed of sovereign power. 

DIS-EN-THRoN'ING, ppr. Deposmg ; depriving of royai 
authority. 

DIS-EN-Tl'TLE, v. t. To deprive of title. South. 

DIS-EN-TRANCE', v. t. To awaken from a trance, or from 
deep sleep ; to arouse from a revery. 

DiS-EN-TRAN'CED, (dis-en-transf) pp. Awakened from a 
trance, sleep or revery. 

DIS-EN-TRAN'CING, ppr. Arousing from a trance, sleep 
or revery. 

fDIS-ERT', a. [L. disertus.] Eloquent 

t DIS-ERT'LY, adv. Eloquently, 

biS-E-SPOUSE', V. t. To separate after espousal or plighted 
faith ; to divorce. Milton. 

DIS-E-SPOUS'ED, (dis-e-spouzd') pp. Separated after 
espousal ; released from obligation to marry. 

DIS-E-SPOUS'ING, ppr. Separating after plighted faith. 

DI3-E-STEEM', n. Want of esteem : slight dislike ; disre- 
gard. Locke. 

DIS-E-STEEM', v. t. To dislike in a moderate degree ; to 
consider with disregard, disapprobation, dislike or slight 
contempt ; to slight. 

DIS-E-STEEM'ED, (dis-e-steemd') pp. Disliked ; slighted. 

DIS-E-STEEM'ING, ppr. Disliking ; slighting. 

DIS-ES-TI-Ml'TION,n. Disesteem ; bad repute. 

DIS-EX'ER-ClSE, v. t. To deprive of exercise. Milton 

t DTS-FAN'CY, v. t. To dislike. Hammond. 

DIS-Fa'VOR, 71. 1. Dislike ; slight displeasure ; discounte- 
nance ; unfavorable regard ; disesteem. 2. A state of un- 
acceptableness ; a state in which one is not esteemed or 
favored, or not patronized, promoted or befriended. 3. An 
ill ordisobliging act. 

DIS-Fa'VOR, v. t. To discountenance ; to withdraw, oj 
withhold from one, kindness, friendship or support ; to 
check or oppose by disapprobation. 

DIS-Fa'VORED, pp. Discountenanced ; not favored. 

DIS-Fa'VOR-ER, n. One who discountenances. 

DIS-Fa'VOR-ING, ppr. Discountenancing. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.—FKR, F^VLL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



DIS 



257 



DIS 



DIS-FIG-U -RATION, n. 1. The act of disfiguring, or mar- 
ring external form. 2. The state of being disfigured j 
some degree of deformity. 

DIS-FIG URE, V. t. 1. To change to a worse form ; to mar 
external figure ; to impair shape or form, and render it less 
perfect and beautiful. 2. To marj to impair; to injure 
beauty, symmetry or excellence. 

DIS-FIG URED, pp. Changed to a worse form ; impaired in 
form or appearance. 

DIS-FIG'URE-MENT, n. Change of external form to the 
worse; defacement of beauty. 

DIS-FIG'UR-ER, n. One who disfigures. 

DIS-FIG UR-ING, ppr. Injuring the form or shape ; impair- 
ing the beauty of form. 

DIS-FOR'EST. See Disafforest. 

OIS-FRAN'CHiSE, v. t. [dis and franchise.] To deprive of 
the rights and privileges of a free citizen ; to deprive of 
chartered rights and immunities ; to deprive of any fran- 
chise. 

DIS-FRAN'CHiSED, pp. Deprived of the rights and priv- 
ileges of a free citizen, or of some particular franchise. 

l)IS-FRAN'Cm«E-MENT, n. The act of disfranchising, or 
depriving of the privileges of a free citizen, or of some 
particular immunity. 

DIS-FRAN'CHlS-ING, ppr. Depriving of the privileges of a 
free citizen, or of some particular immunity. 

t DIS-FRl'AR, V. t. To deprive of the state of a friar. 

DIS-FUR'NISH, V. t. To deprive of furniture ; to strip of 
apparatus, habiliments or equipage. 

DIS-FUR'NISHED, pp. Deprived of furniture ; stripped of 
apparatus. 

DIS-FUR NISH-ING, ppr. Depriving of furniture or appara- 
tus. 

t DIS-GAL'LANT, v. t. To deprive of gallantry. 

DIS-GAR'NISH, v. t. {dis and garnish.'] 1. To divest of 
garniture or ornaments. 2. To deprive of a garrison, guns 
and military apparatus ; to degarnish. 

DIS-GAR'RI-SON, v. t. To deprive of a garrison. 

DIS-GAV'EL, V. t. To take away the tenure of gavelkind. 

DIS-GAV ELED, pp. Deprived of the tenure by gavelkind. 

DIS-GAV'EL-ING, ppr. Taking away tenure by gavelkind. 

DIS-GLo'RI-FY, V. t. To deprive of glory ; to treat with in- 
dignitv 

DIS-G0R6E', (dis-gorj') v. t. [Fr. degorger.] 1. To eject 
or discharge from the stomach, throat or mouth ; to vomit. 
2. To throw out with violence ; to discharge violently or 
in great quantities from a confined place. 

I)IS-G0R6 ED, (dis-gorjd') pp. Ejected ; discharged from the 
stomach or mouth ; thrown out with violence and in great 
quantities. 

DIS-G0E6E'MENT, n. The act of disgorging ; a vomiting. 
Hall. 

DIS-G0R6'ING, ppr. Discharging from the throat or mouKi ; 
vomiting ; ejecting with violence and in great quantities. 

t DIS-GOS'PEL, V. i. [dis and gospel.] To differ from the 
precepts of the gospel. Milton. 

DIS-GRaCE', n. [dis and grace.] I. A state of being out of 
favor ; disfavor ; disesteem. 2. State of ignominy ; dis- 
honor ; shame. 3. Cause of shame. 4, Act of unkind- 
ness ; [not used.] Sidney. 

DIS-GRaOE', v. t. 1. To put out of favor. 2. To bring a 
reproach on ; to dishonor. 3. To bring to shame ; to dis- 
honor ; to sink in estimation. 

DIS-GRaC'ED, (dis-grasf) pp. Put out of favor; brought 
under reproach ; dishonored. 

DIS-GRaCE'F|JL, a. Shameful ; reproachful ; dishonorable ; 
procuring shame ; sinking reputation. 

DIS-GRaCE'FIJL-LY, adv. 1. With disgrace. 2. Shame- 
fully ; reproachfully ; ignominiously ; in a disgraceful 
manner. 

DTS-GRaCE'FUL-NESS, n. Ignominy ; sliamefulness. 

DIS-GRa'CER, n. One who disgraces ; one who exposes to 
disgrace ; one who brings into disgrace, shame or con- 
tempt. 

DIS-GRa'CING, ppr. Bringing reproach on ; dishonoring. 

DIS-GRa'CIOUS, a. Ungracious ; unpleasing. 

DIS-GRaDE', v. t. Our old word for degrade. 

DIS'GRE-GATE, v. t. To separate ; to disperse. 

DIS-GUiSE', (dis-gize') v. t. [Fr. deguiser.] 1. To conceal 
by an unusual habit, or mask. 9. To hide by a counter- 
feit appearance ; to cloke by a false show, by false lan- 
guage, or an artificial manner. 3. To disfigure ; to alter 
the form, and exhibit an unusual appearance. 4. To dis- 
figure or deform by liquor ; to intoxicate. 

DIS-GUiSE', n. 1. A counterfeit habit ; a dress intended to 
conceal the person who wears it. 2. A false appearance ; 
a counterfeit show ; an artificial or assumed appearance, 
intended to deceive the beholder. 3. Change of manner 
by drink ; intoxication. 

DTS-GUiS'ED, (dis-glzd') pp. Concealed by a counterfeit 
habit or appearance ; intoxicated. 

DlS-GUlS'ED-LY, adv. So as to be concealed. 

DlS-GUlSE'MENT, n. Dress of concealment ; false appear- 
ance. 



DIS-GUrs'ER, n. 1. One who disguises himself or another. 
2. He or that which disfigures. 

DIS-GUIS'ING, ppr. Concealing by a counterfeit dress, or 
by a false show ; intoxicating. 

DIS-GUiS'ING, n. 1. The act of giving a false appearance 
2. Theatrical mummery or masking. 

DIS-GUST', n. [Fr. degoHt.] 1. Disrelish ; distaste ; aver- 
sion to the taste of food or drink ; an unpleasant sensation 
excited in the organs of taste by something disagreeable 
2. Dislike ; aversion ; an unpleasant sensation in the mind 
excited by something oflfensive. 

DIS-GUST', V. t. 1. To excite aversion in the stomach; to 
offend the taste. 2. To displease ; to offend the mind or 
moral taste. 

DIS-GUST' ED, pp. Displeased; offended. 

DIS-GUST'FUL, a. Offensive to the taste ; nauseous ; ex- 
citing aversion in the natural or moral taste. 

DIS-GUST'ING, ppr. 1. Provoking aversion ; offending the 
taste. 2. a. Provoking dislike ; odious ; hateful. 

DIS-GUST'ING-LY, adv. In a manner to give disgust. 

DISH, n. [^sx. disc] ]. A broad, open vessel, used for 
serving up meat and various kinds of food at the table. 
2. The meat or provisions served in a dish. Hence, any 
particular kind of food. — 3. Among miners, a trough in 
which ore is measured. 

DISH, V. t. To put in a dish. 

DISH'-CLOTH, ) n. A cloth used for washing and wiping 

DISH'-CLOUT, \ dishes. Swift. 

DISH'-WASH-ER, n. The name of a bird, the mergus. 

DISH'-WA-TER, n. Water in which dishes are washed. 

DIS-HA-B'iL'I-TATE, v. t. To disqualify. 

DISH-A-BILLE', ) , ,. ^ , .,,. ( n. [Fr. deshaUlU.] An un- 

DISH-A-BIL', \ Cais-a-Du; | ^^.^^g. ^ ^^^^^^ negligent 
dress for the morning. But see deshabille, the French, and 
more correct orthography. 

tDIS-HAB'IT, V. t. To drive from a habitation. Shak. 

DIS-HAR-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Incongruous. 

fDlS-HAR'MO-NY, n. [dis and harmony.] Want of har- 
mony ; discord ; incongruity. 

DIS-HEART'EN, (dis-har'tn) v. t. [dis and heart '' To dis- 
courage ; to deprive of courage ; to depress the spirits : ta 
deject ; to impress with fear. 

DIS-HEaRT'ENED, pp. Discouraged ; depressed in spirits - 
cast down. 

DIS-HEART'EN-ING, ppr. Discouraging; depressing the 
spirits. 

DISHED, ;>>. Put in a dish or dishes. 

tDIS-HEIR', (diz-areO v. t. To debar from inheriting. 

JDISriER'I-SON, 7?. The act of disinheriting, or cuttmg off 
^:om inheritance. Bp. Hall. 

I»IS-HER'IT, V. t. [Fr. desheriter.] To disinherit ; to cut off 
from the possession or enjoyment of an inheritance. 

DIS-HER'I-TANCE, n. The state of disheriting or of being 
disinherited. Beaumont. 

DIS-HER 'IT-ED, pp. Cut off from an inheritance or heredi- 
tary succession. 

DIS-HER'IT-ING, ppr. Cutting off from an inheritance. 

DI-SHEV'EL, (dish-shev'el) v. t. [Fr. decheveler.] To 
spread tlie hair loosely ; to suffer the hair of the head to 
hang negligently, and to flow without confinement. 

DI-SHEV'EL, V. i. To spread in disorder. Herbert. 

DI-SHEV'ELED, pp. or a. Hanging loosely and negligently, 
without confinement ; flowing in disorder. 

DI-SHEV'EL-ING, ppr. Spreading loosely. 

DISH'ING, ppr. 1. Putting in a dish or dishes. 2. a. Con- 
cave ; having the hollow form of a dish. 

DIS-HON'EST, (diz-on'est) a. 1. Void of honesty ; destitute 
of probity, integrity or good faith ; faithless ; fraudulent ; 
knavish ; having or exercising a disposition to deceive, 
cheat and defraud. 2. Proceeding from fraud or marked 
by it ; fraudulent ; knavish. 3. Disgraced ; dishonored ; 
from the sense in Latin. 4. Disgraceful ; ignominious ; 
from the Latin sense. 5. Unchaste ; lewd Shak. 

DIS-HON'EST-LY, (diz-on'est-ly) adv. 1. In a dishonest 
manner ; without good faith, probity or integrity ; with 
fraudulent views; knavishly. 2. Lewdly; unchastely. 
Ecclesiasticus. 

DIS-HON'EST-Y, (diz-on'est-y) n. 1. Want of probity, or 
integrity in principle ; faithlessness ; a disposition to cheat 
or defraud, or to deceive and betray. 2. Violation of trust 
or of justice ; fraud ; treachery ; any deviation from probi- 
ty or integrity. 3. Unchastity ; incontinence ; lewdness 
4. Deceit ; wickedness ; shame. 

DIS-HON'OR, (diz-on'or) n. [dis and honor.] Reproach , 
disgrace ; ignominy ; shame ; whatever constitutes a stain 
or blemish in the reputation. 

DIS-HON'OR, v.t. 1. To disgrace ; to bring reproach or 
shame on ; to stain the character of; to lessen reputation 
2. To treat with indignity. 3. To violate the chastity of; 
to debauch. 4. To refuse pr decline to accept or pay. 

DIS-HON'OR- A-BLE, (diz-on'or-a-bl) a. 3. Shameful; re- 
proachful ; base ; vile ; bringing shame on ; staining the 
character, and lessening reputation. 2. Destitute of hon- 
or. 3. In a state of neglect or disesteem. 



* See Synopsis 



MOVE, BOOK, D6VE : 
• -17 



-BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH • TH gs in this, f Obsolete , 



DIS 



258 



DIS 



DIS-HON'OR-A-BLY, adv. Reproachfully ; in a dishonora- 
ble manner. 

DIS-HON'OR-A-RY, (diz-on'or-a-ry) o. Bringing dishonor 
on ; tending to disgrace ; lessening reputation. 

DIS-HON'ORED, f-p. Disgraced , brought into disrepute. 

DIS-HON'OR-ER, n. One who dishonors or disgraces ; one 
who tieats another with indignity. 

DIS-HON OR-ING, ppr. Disgracing ; bringing into disre- 
pute ; treating with indignity. 

DIS-HORN', V. t. To deprive of horns. Shak. 

DIS-HORN'ED, (dis-hornd') pp. Stripped of horns. 

DIS-Hu'MOR, n. Peevishness ; ill humor. 

DIS-IM-PaRK', v. t. To free from the barriers of a park ; to 
free from restraints or seclusion. 

DIS-IM-PRGVE'MENT, n. [dis and improvement.] Reduc- 
tion from a better to a worse state. [Little used.] Swift. 

DIS-IN-€AR CER-ATE, v. t. To liberate from prison ; to 
set free from confinement. [JVot much used.] 

DIS-IN-€LI-Na'TION, n. Want of inclination ; want of 
propensity, desh-e or affection ; slight dislike ; aversion ; 
expressing less than hate. 

DlS-IN-€LlNE , V. t. [dis and incline.] To excite dislike or 
slight aversion ; to make disaffected ; to alienate from. 

DIS-IN-€LlN'ED, (dis-in-klind') pp. Not inclined ; averse. 

DIS-IN-€LlN'ING, ^J^^r. Exciting dislike or slight aversion. 

DIS-IN-eOR'PO-RATE, v. t. 1. To deprive of corporate 
powers ; to disunite a corporate body, 2. To detach or 
separate from a corporation or society. 

DIS-IN-eOR-PO-RA'TION, n. Deprivation of the rights 
and privileges of a corporation. Warton. 

DIS-IN-FECT', V. t. [dis and infect.] To cleanse from in- 
fection ; to purify from contagious matter. 

DIS-IN-FE€T'ED, pp. Cleansed from infection. 

DIS-IN-FE€T'ING, ppr. Purifying from infection. 

DIS-IN-FE€'TI0N, n. Purification from infecting matter. 
Med. Repos. 

DIS-IN-6E-Nu'I-TY, n. [dis and ingenuitij.] Meanness of 
artifice ; unfairness ; disingenuousness ; want of candor. 
Clarendon. [Little used.] 

DIS-IN-GEN'U-OUS, a. 1. Unfair ; not open, frank and 
candid ; meanly artful ; illiberal ; applied to persons, 2. 
Unfair ; meanly artful ; unbecoming true honor and dig- 
nity ; as, disingenuous conduct. 

DIS-IN-6EN'U-0US-LY, adv. In a disingenuous manner ; 
unfairly ; not openly and candidly 5 with secret manage- 
ment. 

DIS-IN-6EN'U-0US-NESS, ?i. 1. Unfairness ; want of can- 
dor ; low craft. 2. Characterized by unfairness, as con- 
duct or practices. 

t DIS-IN-HAB'IT-ED, a. Deprived of inhabitants. 

DIS-IN-HER'I-SON, n. 1. The act of cutting off from hered- 
itary succession ; the act of disinheriting. Bacon. 2. The 
.state of being disinherited. Taylor. 

DIS-IN-HER'IT, v. t. To cut off from hereditary right ; to 
deprive of an inheritance ; to prevent, as an heir, from 
coming into possession of any property or right. 

DIS-IN-HER'IT-ED, pp. Cut off from an inheritance. 

DIS-IN-HER'IT-ING, ppr. Depriving of an hereditary 
estate or right. 

DIS-IN'TE-GRA-BLE, a. That may be separated into in- 
tegrant parts ; capable of disintegration. 

DIS-IN'TE-GRATE, v. t. [dis and integer.] To separate 
the integrant parts of. Kirioan. 

DIS-IN'TE-GRA-TED, pp. Separated into integrant parts 
witnout cnemicai action. 

DIS-IN-TE-GRa'TION, n. The act of separating integrant 
parts of a substance. 

DIS-IN-TER', v. t. [dis and inter.] 1. To take out of a 
grave, or out of the earth. 2. To take out as from a 
grave ; to bring from obscurity into view. 

DiS-IN-TER-ESS'ED. See Disinterested. 

t DIS-IN-TER-ESS'MENT, n. Disinterestedness. 

DIS-IN'TER-EST, n. [dis and interest.] 1. What is contra- 
ry to the interest or advantage ; disadvantage ; injury ; 
[little used.] 2. Indifference to profit ; want of regard 
to private advantage. 

DIS-IN'TER-EST, v. t. To disengage from private interest 
or personal advantage. [Little used.] Feltham. 

DIS-IN'TER-EST-ED, a. 1. Uninterested ; indifferent 5 free 
from self-interest ; having no personal interest or private 
advantage in a question or affair. 2. Not influenced or 
dictated by private advantage. 

DIS-IN'TER-EST-ED-LY, adv. In a disinterested manner. 

DIS-IN'TER-EST-ED-NESS, n. The state or quality of 
having no personal interest or private advantage in a 
question or event ; freedom from bias or prejudice, on ac- 
count of private interest j indifference. 
DIS-IN'TER-EST-ING, a. Uninteresting. 
DIS-IN-TER'MENT, n. The act of disinterring, or taking 

out of the earth. 
DIS-IN-TER'RED, (dis-in-terd') pp. Taken out of the earth 

or grave. 
DIS-IN-TER'RING, ppr. Taking out of the earth, or out of 
grave 



DIS-IN-THRALL', v. t. To liberate from slavery, bondage 
or servitude ; to free or rescue from oppression. 

DIS-IN-THRALL'ED, (dis-in-thrawldO pp. Set free from 
bondage. 

DIS-IN-THRALL'ING, ppr. Delivering from slavery or sei- 
vitude. 

DIS-IN-THRALL'MENT, n. Liberation from bondage; 
emancipation from slavery. E. JSTott. 

t DIS-IN^TRI-CATE, v. t. To disentangle. Diet. 

DIS-IN-uRE', V. t. [dis and inure.] To deprive of familiar- 
ity or custom. Milton. 

DIS-IN-VA-LID I-TY, n. Want of validity. 

DIS-IN-VlTE', V. t. To recall an invitation. Finett. 

DIS-IN-VOLVE', (dis-in-volv') v. t. To uncover ; to unfold 
or unroll ; to disentangle. More. 

DIS-JE€'TION, n. [L. disjectio.] A casting down. 

DIS-JOIN', V. t. [dis and join.] To part ; to disunite ; to 
separate ; to sunder. 

DIS-.10IN'ED, (dis-joind') pp. Disunited ; separated. 

DIS-JOIN'ING, ppr. Disuniting ; severing. 

DIS-JOINT', V. t. [dis and joint.] 1. To separate a joint , 
to separate parts united by joints. 2. To put out of joint ; 
to force out of its socket ; to dislocate. 3. To separate at 
junctures ; to break at the part where things are united 
by cement. 4. To break in pieces ; to separate united 
parts. 5. To break the ixatural order and relations of -a 
thing ; to make incoherent. 

DIS-JOINT', V. i. To fall in pieces. Shalt. 

DIS-JOINT', a. Disjointed. Shall, 

DIS-JOINT'ED, pp. Separated at the joints ; parted limb 
from limb ; carved ; put out of joint ; not coherent. 

DIS-JOINT'ING, ppr. Separating joints ; disjoining limb 
from limb ; breaking at the seams or junctures 5 render- 
ing incoherent. 

DIS-JOINT'LY, adv. In a divided state. Sandys. 

t DIS-JU-DI-€a'TION, 71. [L. dijudicatio.] Judgment ; de- 
termination. Boyle. 

DIS-JUNCT', a. [L. disjunctus.] Disjoined ; separated. 

DIS-JUN€'TION, 71. [L. disjunctio.] The act of disjoining ; 
disunion ; separation ; a parting. 

DIS-JUN€'TIVE, ffl. 1. Separating; disjoining. 2. Inca- 
pable of union. Grew. — 3. In grammar, a disjunctive con- 
junction is a word which unites sentences in construction, 
"but disjoins the sense ; as, I love him, or I fear him.— 
4. In logic, a disjunctive proposition is one in which the 
parts are opposed to each other, by means of disjunctives j 
as, it is either day or night. 

DIS-JUNC'TIVE, n. A word that disjoins. 

DIS-JUN€'TIVE-LY, adv. In a disjunctive manner ; sei)- 
arately. 

DISK, n. [L. discus.] 1. The body and face of the sun, 
moon or a planet, as it appears to us on the earth. 2. A 
quoit ; a piece of stone, iron or copper, inclining to an 
oval figure, which the ancients hurled by the help of a 
leathern thong tied round the person's hand, and put 
through a hole in the middle.— 3. In botany, the whole sur- 
face of a leaf; the central part of a radiate compound flower 

DIS-KlND'NESS, n. 1. Want of kindness ; unkindness , 
want of affection. 2. Ill turn ; injury ; detriment. 

DIS-LlKE', n. 1. Disapprobation; disinclination; displea- 
sure ; aversion ; a moderate degree of hatred. 2. Dis- 
cord ; disagreement ; [not in use.] Fairfax. 

DIS-LiKE', v.t. 1. To disapprove; to regard with some 
aversion or displeasure. 2. To disrelish ; to regard with 
some disgust. 

DIS-LIK;'ED, (dis-llkd') pp. Disapproved ; disrelished. 

t DIS-LTKE'FUL, a. Disliking; disaffected. Spenser. 

DIS-LiK'EN, v. t. To make unlike. Shak. 

DIS-LlKE'NESS, n. [dis and likeness.] Unlikenesa ; want 
of resemblance ; dissimilitude. Locke. 

DIS-LIK'ER, n. One who disapproves, or disrelishes. 

DIS-LlK'ING, ppr. Disapproving; disrelishing. 

DIS-LIMB', (dis-lim') v. t. To tear the limbs from. 

t DIS-LIMN', (dis-lim') v. t. To strike out of a picture. 

DIS'LO-€ATE, v. t. [dis, and L. locus.] To displace ; to put 
out of its proper place ; particularly, to put out of joint ; 
to disjoint ; to move a bone from its socket, cavity or 
place of articu! ation. - 

DIS'LO-GA-TED, pp. Removed from its proper place ; put 
out of joint. 

DIS'LOeA-TING, ppr. Putting out of its proper place, or 
out of joint. 

DIS-LO-€a'TION, 71, 1. The act of moving from its proper 
place ; particularly, the act of removing or forcing a bone 
from its socket ; luxation. 2. The state of being dis- 
placed. Burnet. 3. A joint displaced. — 4. In geology, 
the displacement of parts of rocks, or portions of strata, 
from the situations which they originally occupied. 

DIS-LOD6E', (dis-lodj') v. t. [dis and lodge.] 1. To remove 
or drive from a lodge or place of rest ; to drive from the 
place where a thing naturally rests or inhabits. 2. To 
drive from a place of retirement or retreat. S.^To drive 
from any place of rest or habitation, or from any station. 
To remove an army to other quarters. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, tJ, IT, long.— FAR, FALL, WHiJ^T ;— PREY;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD s— f Obsolete 



DIS 



Ji59 



DIS 



I)IS-LOD6E', V i. To go from a place of rest. 

J)IS-L0D6'ED, (dis-lodjd') pp. Driven from a lodge or place 
of rest ; removed from a place of habitation, or from any 
station. 

lHS-LOD6'ING, ppr. Driving from a lodge, from a place of 
rest or retreat, or from any station. 

DIS-LOY'ALj a. \dis and loyal.} 1. Not true to allegiance j 
false to a sovereign ; faithless. 2. False ; perfidious ; 
treacherous. 3. Not true to the marriage-bed. Shak. 4. 
False in love ; not constant. Johnson. 

J)IS-LOY'AL-LY, adv. In a disloyal manner ; with viola- 
tion of faith or duty to a sovereign ; faithlessly ; perfidi- 
ously. 

DIS-LOY'AL-TY, n. 1. Want of fidelity to a sovereign ; 
violation of allegiance, or duty to a prince or sovereign 
authority. 2. Want of fidelity in love. Shak. 

DIS^MAL^ a. 1. Dark; gloomy. 2. Sorrowrful; dire; hor- 
rid ; melancholy ; calamitous ; unfortunate 3. Fright- 
ful ; horrible. 

DIS MAL-LY, adv<. Gloomily ; hoiTibly ; sorrowfully ; un- 
comfortably. 

DIS'MAL-NESS, w. Gloominess ; horror. 

DIS-MAN'TLE, v. t. [dis and mantle.] I. To deprive of 
dress ; to strip ; to divest. 2. To loose ; to throw open. 
3. More generally, to deprive or strip of^pparatus, or fur- 
niture ; to unrig. 4. To deprive or strip of military fur- 
niture. 5. To deprive of outworks or forts. 6. To break 
down. 

DIS-MAN'TLED, pp. Divested ; stripped of furniture ; un- 
rigged. 

DIS-MAN'TLING, ppr. Stripping of dress ; depriving of 
apparatus or furniture. 

DIS-MASK', V. t. [dis and mask.] To strip off a mask ; to 
uncover ; to remove that which conceals. 

DIS-MASK'ED, (dis-maskf) pp. Divested of a mask; strip- 
ped of covering or disguise ; uncovered. 

DIS-MASK 'ING, ppr. Stripping of a mask or covering. 

DIS-MAST', V. t. [dis and mast.] To deprive of a mast or 
masts ; to break and carry away the masts from. 

DIS-MAST'ED, pp. Deprived of a mast or masts. 

DIS-MAST'ING, ppr. Stripping of masts. 

DIS-MAST'MENT, n. The act of dismasting ; the state of 
being dismasted. Marshall. 

DIS-MaY', v. t. [Sp. desmayar.] To deprive of that strength 
or firmness of mind which constitutes courage ; to dis- 
courage ; to dishearten ; to sink or depress the spirits or 
resolution ; hence, to affright or terrify. 

DIS-MaY', n. [Sp. desmayo.] Fall or loss of courage ; a 
sinking of the spirits ; depression ; dejection 5 a yielding 
to fear ; that loss of fi^rmness which is effected by fear or 
terror ; fear impressed ; terror felt. 

DIS-MaY'ED, (dis-m5.de') pp. Disheartened ; deprived of 
courage. 

t DIS-MaY'ED-NESS, n. A state of being dismayed ; de- 
jection of courage ; dispiritedness. 

DIS-MaY'IKG, ppr. Depriving of courage. 

DISME, or DIME, n. [Fr.] A tenth part ; a tithe. JByliffe. 

DIS-MEM'BER, v. t. 1. To divide limb from limb ; to sep- 
arate a member from the body ; to tear or cut hi pieces ; 
to dilacerate ; to mutilate. 2. To separate a part from the 
main body ; to divide ; to sever. 

DIS-MEM'BERED, pp. Divided member from member; 
torn or cut in pieces ; divided by the separation of a part 
from the main body. 

DIS-MEM'BER-ING, pp)'. Separating a limb or limbs from 
the body ; dividing by taking a part or parts from, the 
hody. 

DIS-MEM'BER-ING, 71. Mutilation. Blackstone. 

DIS-MEM'BER-MENT, 71. The act of severing a limb or 
limbs from the body ; the act of tearing or cutting in 
pieces ; mutilation ; the act of severing a part from the 
main body ; division ; separation. 

DIS=MET'TLED, a. Destitute of fire or spirit. [JVot much 
used.] Llewellyn. 

DIS-MISS', v. t. [L. dimissus.] 3. To send away ; properly, 
to give leave of departure ; to permit to depart ; implying 
authority in a person to retain or keep. 2. To discard ; 
to remove from office, service or employment. 3. To 
send ; to dispatch. 4. To send or remove from a docket ; 
to discontinue. 

1 DIS-MISS', n. Discharge ; dismission. 

i)IS-MISS'AL, 71. Dismission. 

DIS-MISS'ED, (dis-misf) pp. Sent away ; permitted to de- 
part ; removed from office or employment. 

DIS-MISS'ING, ppr. Sending away ; giving leave to de- 
part ; removing from office or service. 

DIS-MIS'SION, 71. [L. dimissio.] 1. The act of senduig 
away ; leave to depart. 2. Removal from office or em- 
ployment ; discharge. 3. An act requiring departure ; 
[not usual.] Shak. 4. Removal of a suit in equity. 

DlS-MISS'IvE, a. Giving dismission. 

DIS-MORT'GA6E, (dis-mor'gaje) v. t. To redeem from 
mortgage. Howell. 

DIS-MOUNT', V. i. [dis and mount.] 1. To alight from a 



horse ; to descend or get off, as a rider from a beast. 2 
To descend from an elevation 

DIS-MOUNT', V. t. 1. To throw or remove from a horse ; 
to unhorse. 2. To throw or bring down from any eleva- 
tion. 3. To throw or remove cannon or other artillery 
from their carriages ; or 10 break the carriages or wheels, 
and render guns useless. 

DIS-MOUNT'£D, pp. 1. Thrown from a horse, or from an 
elevation ; unhorsed, or removed from horses by order 
2. Thrown or removed from carriages. 

DIS-MOUNT'ING, ppr. Throwmg from a horse ; unhors- 
ing ; removing from an elevation ; throwing or removing 
from carriages. 

DIS-NAT'U-IIAL-IZE, v. t To make alien ; to deprive of 
the privileges of birth. 

DIS-Na'TURED, a. Deprived or destitute of natural feel- 
ings ; unnatural. 

DIS-O-Be'DI-ENCE, n. [dis and obedience.] 1. Neglect or 
refusal to obey ; violation of a command or prohibition , 
the omission of that which is commanded\o be done, or 
tJie doing of that which is forbid ; breach of duty pre 
scribed by authority. 2. Non-compliance. 

DIS-O-Be'DI-ENT, u. 1. Neglecting or refusing to obey ; 
omitting to do what is commanded, or doing what is pro 
hibited ; refractory ; not observant of duty or rules pre 
scribed by authority. 2. Not yielding to exciting force or 
power. 

DIS-O-BBY', v. t. [dis and obey.] To neglect or refuse to 
obey ; to omit or refuse to do what is commanded, or to 
do vvliat is forbid ; to transgress or violate an order or in 
junction. 

DIS-0-BEY'ED, (dis-o-bade') pp. Not obeyed ; neglected ; 
transgressed. 

DIS-0-BEY'ING, ppr. Omitting or refusing to obey ; viola- 
ting ; transgressing, as authority or law. 

DIS-OB-LI-Ga'TION, n. [dis and obligation.] The act of 
disobliging ; an offense ; cause of disgust. Clarendon. 

DIS-OB'LI-GA-TO-RY, a. Releasing obligation. 

*DIS-0-BLlGE', u.it. [See*OBLi(jE.] 1 . To do an act which 
contravenes the will or desires of another; to offend by 
an act of unkindness or incivility ; to injure in a slight 
degree. 2. To release from obligation ; [not u^ed.] Bp. 
Hall. 

* DIS-O-BLlG'ED, (dis-o-blijd') pp. Offended ; slightly in 
jured. 

* DIS-O-BLlGE'MENT, n. The act of disobliging. Milton. 

* DIS-O-BLlG'ER, n. One who disobliges. 

* DIS-0-BLl6'ING, ppr. 1. Offending ; contravening the 
wishes of; injuring slightly. 2. a. Not obliging ; not dis- 
posed to gratify the wishes of another; not disposed to 
please ; unkind ; offensive ; unpleasing ; unaccommoda- 
ting. 

* DIS-0-BLl6'ING-LY, adv. In a disobliging manner ; of- 
fensively. 

* DIS-O-BLIG'ING-NESS, n. Offensiveness ; disposition to 
displease, or want of readiness to olease. 

t DIS-O-PIN'ION, n. Difference of opinion. 

DIS-ORB'ED, (dis-orbd') a. [dis and orb.] Thrown out of 
the proper orbit. Shak. 

DIS-OR'DER, n. [dis and order.] 1. Want of order or reg- 
ular disposition ; irregularity ; immethodical distribution ; 
confusion. 2. Tumult; disturbance of the peace of so- 
ciety. 3. Neglect of rule ; irregularity. 4. Breach of 
laws ; violation of standing rules, or institutions. 5. Ir- 
regularity, disturbance or interruption of the functions of 
the animal economy ; disease ; distemper ; sickness. 6. 
Discomposure of the mind ; turbulence of passions. 7. Ir- 
regularity in the functions of the brain ; derangement of 
the intellect or reason. 

DIS-OR'DER, V. t. 1. To break order; to derange ; to dis- 
turb any regular disposition or arrangement of things ; to 
put out of meth6d ; to throw into confusion ; to confuse . 
2. To disturb or interrupt the natural functions of the aiii- 
mal economy; to produce sickness or indispositvin. 3. 
To discompose or disturb the mind ; to ruffle. 4 To dis- 
turb the regular operations of reason ; to derange. 5. To 
depose from holy orders ; [unusual.] Dryden. 

DIS-OR'DERED, pp. Put out of order ; deranged; disturb- 
ed ; discomposed ; confused ; sick ; indisposed. 

DIS-OR'DERED, <i. Disorderly; irregular; vicious; loose; 
unrestrained in behavior. Shak, 

DIS-OR'DER-ED-NESS, n. A state of disorder or irregu- 
larity ; confusion. 

DIS-OR'DER-LY, a. 1. Confused; immethodical ; irregu- 
lar; being without proper order or disposition. 2. Tu- 
multuous; irregular; as the disorderly motions of the 
spirits. 3. Lawless ; contrary to law ; violating or dis- 
posed to violate law and good order. 4. Inclined to break 
loose from restraint ; unruly. 

DIS-OR'DER-LY, adv. 1. Without order, rule or method ; 
irregularly ; confusedly ; in a disorderly manner 2. In 
a manner violating law and good order; in a manner 
contrary to rules or established institutions. 

DIS-OR'DI-NATE, a. Disorderly ; living irregularly. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, GNITE.— € as K ; 6 aa J ; S as Z j CH as SH 3 TH as in this, t Obsolete 



DIS 



260 



DIS 



DIS-OR'DI-NATE-LY, adv. Inordinately ; irregularly ; 
viciously. 

DIS-OE-GAN-I-Za'TION, n. 1. The act of disorganizing ; 
the act of destroying organic structure, or connected sys- 
tem ; the act of destroying order. 2. The state of being 
disorganized. 

DIS-OR'GAN-IZE, v. t. To break or destroy organic struc- 
ture or connected system ; to dissolve regular system or 
union of parts. 

DIS-OR'GAN-iZED, pp. Reduced to disorder ; being in a 
confused state. 

DIS-OE'GAN-IZ-ER, n. One who disorganizes ; one who 
destroys or attempts to interrupt regular order or system ; 
one who introduces disorder and confusion. 

DIS-OR'GAN-IZ-ING, pjp-. 1. Destroying regular and con- 
nected system ; throwing into confusion. 2. a. Disposed 
or tending to disorganize, 

£)IS-o'RI-ENT-A-TED, a. Turned from the east ; turned 
from the right direction. 

DIS-oWN', V. t. 1. To deny ; hot to own ; to refuse to ac- 
knowledge as belonging to one's self. 2. To deny ; not 
to allow. 

DIS-oWN'ED, (dis-ond') pp. Not owned ; not acknowl- 
edged as one's own ; denied ; disallowed. 

DIS-oWN'ING, ppr. Not owning ; denying ; disallowing. 

DIS-OX'Y-DATE, v. t. To reduce from oxydation ; to re- 
duce from the state of an oxyd, by disengaging oxygen 
from a substance. 

DJS-OX'Y-DA-TED, pp. Reduced from the state of an oxyd. 

DIS-OX'Y-DA-TING, ppr. Reducing from the state of an 
oxyd. 

DIS-OX-Y-D a'TION, n. The act or process of freeing from 
oxygen, and reducing from the state of an oxyd. Med. 
Repos. 

DIS-OX'Y-GEN-ATE, v. t. [dis and oxygenate.] To de- 
prive of oxygen. 

DIS-OX'Y-GEN-A-TED, pp. Freed from oxygen. 

DIS-OX'Y-GEN-A-TING, pp: Freeing from oxygen. 

DIS-0X-Y-6EN-A'TI0N, n. The act or process of separa- 
ting oxygen from any substance containing it. 

+ DIS-PaCE', v. i. To range about. Spensei-, 

DIS-PaIR', v. t. [dis and pair.} To separate a pair or 
couple. Beaumont. 

t DIS-PAND', V. t. [L. dispando.] To display. Diet. 

I DIS-PAN'SION, n. The act of spreading or displaying. 

DIS-PAR'A-DlSED, a. [dis and paradise.] Removed from 
paradise. 

DIS-PAR'AGE, v. t. [Norm, desperager.] 1. To many one 
to another of inferior condition or rank ; to dishonor by 
an unequal match or maiTiage, against the rules of decen- 
cy. 2. To match unequally ; to injure or dishonor by 
union with something of inferior excellence. 3. To in- 
jure or dishonor by a comparison with something of less 
value or excellence. 4. To treat with contempt ; to un- 
dervalue 5 to lower in rank or estimation ; to vilify ; to 
bring reproach on ; to reproach ; to debase by words or 
actions ; to dishonor. 

DIS-PAR'AGED, pp. Married to one beneath his or her 
condition ; unequally matched ; dishonored or injured by 
comparison with sometliing inferior ; undervalued ; vili- 
fied ; debased ; reproached. 

DIS-PAR'AGE-MENT, n. 1. The matching of a man or 
woman to one of inferior rank or condition, and against 
the rules pf decency. 2. Injury by union or comparison 
with something of inferior excellence. Johnson. 3. Dim- 
inution of value or excellence 5 reproach ; disgrace ; m- 
dignity ; dishonor. 

DIS-PAR'A-GER, n. One who disparages or dishonors ; 
one who vilifies or disgraces. 

DIS-PAR' A-GING, ppr. Marrying one to another of inferior 
condition ; dishonoring by an unequal union or compari- 
son ; disgracing ; dishonoring. 

DIS-PAR' A-GING-LY, ado. In a manner to disparage or 
dishonor. 

DIS'PA-RATE, a. [L. disparata.] Unequal ; unlike ; dis- 
similar. Rohison. 

DIS'PA-RATES, n. plu. Things so unequal or unlike, that 
they cannot be compared with each other. 

DIS-PAR'I-TY, n. [Fr. disparite.] 1. Irregularity ; differ- 
ence in degree, in a^e, rank, condition or excellence. 
2. Dissimilitude j unlikeness. 

DIS-PaRK', v. t. 1. To throw open a park ; to .ay open. 
2. To set at large ; to release from confinement. 

t DIS-PAR'KLE, v. t. To scatter abroad ; to disperse, 

DIS-PART', V. t. \dis and part ; Fr. departb:] To part 
asunder ; to divide ; to separate ; to sever ; to burst ; to 
rend ; to rive or split. Milton. 

DIS-PART', V. i. To separate ; to open ; to cleave. 

DIS-PART', n. In gunnery, the thickness of the metal of a 
piece of ordnance at the mouth and britch. 

DIS-PART', V. t. In gunnery, to set a mark on the muzzle- 
ring of a piece of ordnance,. 

DIS-PART'ED, pp. Divided ; separated t, parted ; rent 
asunder. 



DIS-PART'ING, pj)r. Severing ; dividing 5 bursting j cleav- 
ing. 

DIS-PAS'SION, n. Freedom from passion 5 an undisturbed 
state of the mind ; apathy. 

DIS-PAS'SION-ATE, a. 1. Free from passion; calm 5 
composed ; impartial ; moderate ; temperate ; unmoved 
by feelings. 2., Not dictated by passion ; not proceeding 
from temper or bias ; impartial. 

t DIS-PAS'SION-A-TED, a. Cool ; free from passion. 

DIS-PAS'SION-ATE-LY, adv. Without passion ; calmly ; 
coolly. 

t DIS-PAS'SIONED, a. Free from passion. Do^ine. 

DIS-PATCH', v.t. [Fr. depScher.] 1. To send or send 
away ; particularly applied to the sending of messengers, 
agents and letters on special business, and often implying 
haste. 2. To send out of the world ; to put to death. 
3. To perform ; to execute speedily 5 to finish. 

t DIS-PATCH', V. i. To conclude an affair with another ; 
to transact and finish. Shak. 

DIS-PATCH', n. 1. Speedy performance; execution or 
transaction of business with due diligence. 2. Speed ; 
haste ; expedition ; due diligence. 3. Conduct ; manage- 
ment; [not used.] Shak. 4. A letter sent or to be sent 
with expedition, by a messenger express ; or a letter on 
some aftair of state, or of public concern ; or a packet of 
letters, sent by some public oflicer, on public business. 

DIS-PATCH'ED, (dis-pachf) pp. Sent with haste or by a 
courier express ; sent out of the world ; put to death ; 
performed : finished, 

DIS-PATCH'ER, n. 1, One that dispatches; one that kills- 
2. One that sends on a special errand. 

DIS-PATCH'FUL, a. Bent on haste ; indicating haste ; in- 
tent on speedy execution of business. 

DIS-PATCH'ING, ppr. Sendmg away in haste ; putting to 
death ; executing ; finishing. 

DIS-PAU'PER, V. t. To deprive of the claun of a pauper 
to public support ; to reduce back from the state of a pau- 
per. 

DIS-PEL', V. t. [L. dispello.] To scatter by driving or 
force ; to disperse ; to dissipate; to banish. 

DIS-PEL'LED, (dis-peld ) pp. Driven away ; scattered; 
dissipated. 

DIS-PEL'LING, ppr. Driving away ; dispersing ; scatter- 
ing. 

t DIS-PENCE', n. Expense ; cost ; profusion, denser. 

DIS-PEND', V. t. [L. dispendo.j To spend ; to lay out; to 
consume. See Expend. Speiiser. 

DIS-PEND'ER, n. One that distributes. 

DIS-PENS'A-BLE, a. That may be dispensed with. 

DIS-PENS'A-BLE-NESS, n. The capability of being dis- 
pensed with. Hammond. 

DIS-PENS'A-RY, 71. A house, place or store, in which 
medicines are dispensed to the poor, and medical advice 
given, gratis. 

DIS-PEN-Sa'TION, n. [L. dispensatio.] 1. Distribution ; 
the act of dealing out to different persons or places. 2. 
The dealing of God to his creatures ; the distribution of 
good and evU, natural or moral, in the divine govern- 
ment. 3. The granting of a license, or the license itself, 
to do what is forbidden by laws or canons, or to omit 
something which is commanded. 4. That which is dis- 
pensed or bestowed ; a system of principles and rites en- 
joined. 

DIS-PENS'A-TlVE, a. Granting dispensation. 

DIS-PENS'A-TiVE-LY, adv. By dispensation. Wotton. 

DIS-PEN-Sa'TOR, 71. [L.l One whose employment ia to 
deal out or distribute ; a distributor ; a dispenser. 

DIS-PENS'A-TO-RY, a. Having power to grant dispensa- 
tions. 

DIS-PENS'A-TO-RY, n. A book containing the method of 
preparing the various kinds of medicines. 

DIS-PENSE', (dis-pens') 7;.t. [¥r. dispenser.] 1. To deal or 
divide out in parts or portions ; to distribute. The stew- 
ard dispenses provisions to every man, according to bis 
directions. 2. To administer ; to apply, as laws to par- 
ticular cases ; to distribute justice. — 1 . To dispense with, to 
permit not to take effect ; to neglect or pass by ; to sus- 
pend the operation or application of something. 2. To 
excuse from ; to give leave not to do or observe what is 
required or commanded. 3. To permit the want of a 
thing which is useful or convenient; or, in the vulgar 
phrase, to do without. 

t DIS-PENSE', 71. 1. Dispensation. Milton. 2. Expense; 
profusion. Spenser. 

DIS-Pi.NS'ED, (dis-pensf) pp. Distributed ; administered 

DIS-PENS'ER, 7?. One who dispenses ; one who distributes , 
one who administers. 

DIS-PENS'ING, ppr. 1. Distributing ; administering. 2. a 
That may dispense with ; granting dispensation ; that 
may grant license to omit what is required by law, or to 
do what the law forbids. 

DIS-PeO'PLE, v. t. [dis and people.] To depopulate ; to 
empty of inhabitants, as by destruction, expulsion or other 
means. Milton, 



* See Synopsis. A, E, 1, O, U, 'f, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



DIS 



261 



DIS 



DIS-PeO'PLED, pp. Depopulated 5 deprived of inhabit- 
ants^ 

DIS-PeO'PLER, n. One who depopulates ; a depopulator ; 
that_vvhich deprives of inhabitants. 

DIS-PeO'PLING, ypr. Depopulating. 

t DI&-PSR6E', (dis-perj') v. t. [L. dispergo.j To sprinkle. 

DIS-PERM'OUS, a. [Gr. 61, 015. and (nrepixar In botany, 
two-seeded ; containing two seeds only. 

DIS-PERSE', (dis-i>ers') v. t. [L. dis^persus.] 1. To scatter ; 
to drive asunder ; to cause to separate into different parts. 
2. To diffuse J to spread. 3. To dissipate. 4. To dis- 
tribute. 

DIS-PERSE', V. i. 1. To be scattered ; to separate ; to go or 
move into different parts. 2. To be scattered 5 to vanish ; 
as fog or vapors. 

DIS-PERS'ED, (dis-persf) pp. Scattered ; driven apart ; 
diffused ; dissipated. 

DIS-PERS'ED-LY, adv. In a dispersed manner j separately. 
Hooker, 

DIS-PERS'ED-NESS, n. The state of being dispei-sed or 

DIS-PERSE'NESS, n. Thinness ; a scattered state. [Little 
used^ Brerewood. 

DIS-PERS ER, M. One who disperses. Spectator. 

DIS-PERS'ING, ppr. Scattering ; dissipating. 

DIS-PER'SION, n. 1. The act of scattering. 2. The state 
of being scattered, or separated into remote parts. — 3. By 
way of eminence, the scattering or separation of the human 
family, at the building cf Babel. — 4. In optics, the diver- 
gency of the rays of light, or rather the separation of the 
different colored rays, in refraction, arising from their 
diffei-ent refrangibilities. — 5. In medicine and surgery, the 
removing of inflammation from a part, and restoring it to 
its natural state. 

DIS-PERS'IVE, a. Tending to scatter or dissipate. 

DIS-PIR'IT, V. t. [dis and spirit.] 1. To depress the spirits ; 
to deprive of courage ; to discourage ; to dishearten ; to 
deject ; to cast dov/n. 2. To exhaust the spirits or vigor 
of the body; {not usuo.l.'] Collier. 

DIS-PIR''IT-ED, 7)7>. Discouraged ; depressed in spirits ; de- 
jected; intimidated. 

DIS-PIR'IT-ED-NESS, n. Want of courage ; depression of 

- spirits. 

DIS-PIR'IT-ING, ppr. Discouraging ; disheartening ; de- 
jecting ; intimidating. 

t DIS-PIT'E-OUS, a. Having no pity ; cruel ; furious. 
Spenser. 

tDIS-PIT'E-OUS-LY, adv. Maliciously. 

DIS-PLaCE', v. t. [dis and place.] 1. To put out of the 
usual or proper place ; to remove from its place. 2. To 
remove from any state, condition, office or dignity. 3. 
To disorder. 

DIS-PLaC'ED, (dis-plasf) pp. Removed from the proper 
place ; deranged ; disordered ; removed from an office or 
state. 

DIS-PLaCE'MENT, n. [Fr. dcplacement.] The act of dis- 
placing ; the act of rem.oving from the usual or proper 
place, or from a state, condition or office. Asiat. Res. 

DIS-PLa CEN-CY, n. [L. displicentia.] Incivility; that 
which displeases or disobliges. 

DIS-PLaC'ING, ppr. Putting out of the usual or proper 
place ; removing from an office, state or condition. 

DIS-PLANT ,v.t. 1. To pluck up or to remove a plant. 2. 
To drive away or remove from tiie usual place of resi- 
dence. 3. To strip of inhabitants. 

DIS-PLAN-Ta'TION, 71. 1. The removal of a plant. 2. 
The removal of inhabitants or resident people. 

DIS-PLANT'ED, pp. 1. Removed from tlie place where it 
grew, as a plant. 2. Removed from the place of resi- 
dence. 3. Deprived of inhabitants. 

DI&-PLANT'ING, ppr. Removing, as a plant. 

DIS-PLANT'ING, n. Removal from a fixed place. 

DIS-PLAT', V. t. To untwist ; to uncurl. Hakewill. 

DIS-PLaY', v. t. [Fr. deployer.] 1. Literally, to unfold ; 
hence, to open ; to spread wide ; to expand. 2. To spread 
before the view ; to show ; to exhibit to the eyes, or to 
the mind ; to make manifest. 3. To carve ; to dissect 
and open. 4. To set to view ostentatiously. 5. To dis- 
cover ; [obs.] Spenser. 6. To open ; to unlock ; [obs.] 
B. Jon^on. 

DIS-PLaY', v. i. To talk without restraint ; to make a 
great show of words. Skak. 

DIS-PLaY', n. 1. An opening or unfolding ; an exhibition 
of any thing to the view. 2. Show ; exhibition 

DIS-PLaY'ED, (dis-plade') pp. Unfolded ; opened ; spread; 
expanded ; exhibited to view ; manifested. 

DIS-PLaY'ER, n. He or that which displays. 

DIS-PLaY'ING, ppr. Unfolding ; spreading ; exhibiting ; 
manifesting. 

TDIS'PLE, v. t. To discipline ; to chastise. Spenser. 

f DIS-PLeAS'ANCE, n. [Fr. deplaisan^e.] Anger; discon- 
tent. Spender. 

DIS-PLEAS'ANT, (dig-plez'ant) a. Unpleasing ; offensive ; 
unpleasant. 



DIS-PLeASE', (dis-pleez') ?». «. [dis and please.] 1. To of- 
fend ; to make angry, sometimes in a slight degree. 2. 
To disgust ; to excite aversion in. 3, To offend ; to be 
disagreeable to. 

DIS-PLeASE', v. i. To disgust ; to raise aversion. 

DIS-PLeAS'ED, (dis-pleezd') pp. Offended ; disgusted. 

DIS-PLeAS'ED-NESB, n. Displeasure ; uneasiness. 

DIS-PLeAS'ING, ppr. or a. Offensive to the eye, to the 
mind, to the smell, or to the taste; disgusting; dis- 

DIS-PLeAS'ING-NESS, 71. Offensiveness ; the quality of 
giving some degree of disgust. 

DIS-PLEAS'URE, (dis-plezh'ur) 71. 1. Some irritation or 
uneasiness of the mind, occasioned by any thing that 
counteracts desire or command, or which opposes justice 
and a sense of propriety. 2. Offense; cause of irritation. 
3. State of disgrace or disfavor. 

t DIS-PLEAS'URE, v. t. To displease. Bacon. 

tDiS'PLI-CENCE, r?. [l^. displicentia.] Dislike. 

DIS-PL6DE', V. t. [L. displodo.] To vent, discharge or 
burst with a violent sound. Milton. 

DIS-PLoDE', V. i. To burst with a loud report ; to explode 

DIS-PLoD'ED, pp. Discharged with a loud report. 

DIS-PLoD'ING, ppr. Discharging or bursting with a loud 
report^ 

DIS-PLo'SION, 71. The act of disploding ; a sudden burst- 
ing with a loud report ; an explosion. 

DIS-PLO'SIVE, a. Noting displosion. 

DIS-PLtJME', V. t. To strip or deprive of plumes or feath- 
ers ; to strip of badges of honor. Burke. 

DlS-PLuM'ED, (dis-Dlumd') Pi?. Stripped of plumes. 

DIS-PLuM'ING, p2>v. Depriving of plumes. 

DIS-PON'DEE, n. In Oreek and Latin poetry, a double 
spondee, consisting of four long syllables. 

DIS-PONGE'. Sec Dispunge. 

DIS-PoRT', 71. [dis and sport.] Play ; sport ; pastime ; di- 
version ; amusement ; merriment. Milton. 

DIS-PoRT', V. i. To play ; to wanton ; to move lightly and 
without restraint ; to move in gayety. 

DIS-PoRT', V. t. To divert or amuse. Shak. 

DIS-PoRT'ING, ppr. Playing ; wantoning. 

DIS-PoS'A-BLE, a. Subject to disposal ; not previously 
engaged or employed ; free to be used or employed. 

DIS-PoS'AL, 71. 1. The act of disposing ; a setting or ar 
ranging. 2. Regulation, order or arrangement of things, 
in the moral government of God; dispensation. 3. Pow- 
er of ordering, arranging or distributing ; government , 
management. 4. Power or right of bestowing. 5. The 
passing into a new state or into new hands. 

DIS-PoSE', V. t. [Fr. disposer.] 1. To set ; to place or dis- 
tribute ; to arrange. 2. To regulate ; to adjust ; to set in 
right order. 3. To apply to a particular purpose ; to give ; 
to place ; to bestow. 4. To set, place or turn to a partic- 
ular end -or consequence. 5. To adapt; to form for any 
purpose. 6. To set the mind in a particular frame ; to 
incline. 

To dispose of. — 1. To part with ; to alienate. 2. To part 
with to another; to put into another's hand or power; to 
bestow. 3. To give away or transfer by authority. 4. 
To direct the course of a thing. 5. To place in any con- 
dition. 6. To direct what to do or what course to pursue. 
7. Tojise or employ. 8. To put away. 

t DIS-PoSE', V. i. To bargain ; to make terms. Shak. 

i DIS-PoSE', 7i. 1. Disposal; power of disposing; manage- 
ment. 2. Dispensation; act of government. 3. Disposi- 
tion ; cast of behavior, 4. Disposition ; cast of mind ; 
inclination. 

DIS-PoS'ED, (dis-p6zd') pp. Set in order; arranged; placed; 
adjusted ; applied ; bestowed ; inclined. 

DIS-PoS'ER, 71. 1. One who disposes ; a distributor ; a 
bestower ; as, a disposer of gifts 2. A director ; a regula- 
tor. 3. That which disposes. 

DIS-PoSING, ppr. Setting in order; arranging; distribut- 
ing ;_ bestowing; regulating; adjusting; governing. 

DIS-PoS'ING, n. The act of arranging 3 regulation ; di- 
rection. 

DIS-PO-Sl"TION, 71. [L. disposUio.] 1. The act of dispos- 
ing, or state of being disposed 2. Manner in which 
thnigs or the parts of a complex body are placed or ar- 
ranged ; order ; method ; distribution ; arrangement. 3. 
Natural fitness or tendency. 4. Temper or natural con- 
stitution of the mind. 5. Inclination ; propensity ; the 
temper or frame of mind, as directed to particular objects 
6. Disposal ; alienation ; distribution ; a giving away or 
giving over to another. 

t DIS-POS'I-TiVE, a. That implies disposal. Ayliffe. 

t DIS-POS'I-TIVE-LY, adv. In a dispositive manner ; dis 
tributively. Brown. 

t DIS-POS'I-TOR, 71, A disposer.— In astrology, the planet 
which is lord of the sign where another planet is. 

DIS-POS-SESS', V. t. [dis and possess.] To put out of pos- 
session, by any means ; to deprive of the actual occu- 
pancy of a thing, particularly of land or real estate ; to 



■■ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— Byi L, UNITE— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



DIS 



2&i 



DIS 



DIS-POS-SESS'ED, (dis-poz-zesf) pp. Deprived of posses- 
sion or occupancy. 

DIS-POS-SESS'ING, ppr. Depriving of possession ; disseiz- 
ing. 

DIS-POS-SES'SION, 7!. The act of putting out of posses- 
sion. Hall. 

r DIS-PoS'URE, (dis-po'zhur) n. 1. Disposal ; the power of 
disposing; management; direction. Sandys. 2. State ; 
posture ; disposition. 

DiS-PRAlSE', (dis-praze') n. [dis and praise.] 1. Blame; 
censure. 2. Reproach; dishonor. 

DIS-PRa1»E', v. t. To blame ; to censure ; to mention vi^ith 
disappjobation, or some degree of reproach. 

DIS-PRaIS'ED, (dis-prazd') pp. Blamed ; censured. 

DIS-PRaIS'ER, 11. One who blames or dispraises. 

t DIS-PRaIS'I-BLE, a. Unworthy of commendation. Diet. 

DIS-PR aI S'ING, ;)nr. Blaming; censuring. 

DIS-PRaIS'ING-LY, adv. By way of dispraise ; with blame 
or some degree of reproach. 

DIS-PREAD', (dis-pred') v. t. To spread in different ways ; 
to extend or flow in different directions. Pope. 

DIS-PREAD', V. i. To expand or be extended. 

DIS-PREAD'ER, «. A publisher; a divulger. 

t DIS-PRIV'I-LEGE, V. t. To deprive of a privilege. 

DIS-PRiZE', V. t. To undervalue. Cotton. 

DIS-PRO-FESS', V. i. To renounce the profession of. 

DIS-PROF'IT, 11. Loss ; detriment ; damage. 

DIS-PROOF', n. Confutation ; refutation ; a proving to be 
false or erroneous. 

t DIS-PROFER-TY, v. t. To deprive of property ; to dis- 
possess. Shak. 

DIS-PRO-PoR'TION,n. 1. Want of proportion of one thing 
to another, or between the parts of a thing ; want of sym- 
metry. 2. Want of proper quantity, according to rules 
prescribed. 3. Want of suitableness or adequacy ; dis- 
parity ; inequality ; unsuitableness. 

DIS-PRO-PoR'TION, V. t. To make unsuitable in form, 
size, length or quantity ; to violate symmetry in ; to mis- 
match : to join unfitly. 

DIS-PRO-PoR'TION-A-BLE, a. Disproportional ; not in 
proportion ; unsuitable in form, size or quantity to some- 
thing else ; inadequate. 

DIS-PRO-PoR'TION-A-BLE-NESS, n. Want of proportion 
or symmetry ; unsuitableness to something else. 

DIS-PRO-PoR'TION-A-BLY, adv. With want of propor- 
tion or symmetrv ; unsuitably to something else. 

DIS-PRO-PoR'TI6N-AL, a. Not having due proportion to 
something else ; not having proportion or symmetry, of 
parts ; unsuitable in form or quantity ; unequal ; inade- 
quate. [This is the word which ought to be used for dis- 
pj- op or tio liable.] 

DIS-PRO-PoR-TION-AL'I-TY, n. The state of being dis- 
proportional. 

DIS-PRO-PoR'TION-AL-LY, adv. Unsuitably with respect 
to form, quantity or value ; inadequately ; unequally. 

DIS-PRO-POR'TION-ATE, a. Not proportioned ; unsym- 
metrical ; unsuitable to something else, in bulk, form or 
value ; inadequate. 

DIS-PRO-POR'TION-ATE-LY, adv. In a disproportionate 
degree ; unsuitably ; inadequately. 

DIS-PRO-PoR'TION-ATE-NESS, n. Unsuitableness in 
form, bulk or value ; inadequacy. 

DIS-PRo'PRI-ATE, v. t. To destroy appropriation ; to with- 
draw from an appropriate use. 

DIS-PROV'A-BLE, a. Capable of being disproved or re- 
futed. Boyle. 

DIS-PROVE', V. t. [dis and prove.] 1. To prove to be false 
or erroneous ; to confute. 2. To convict of the practice 
of error ; [obs.] Hooker. 2. To disallow or disapprove ; 
[ohs.] Hooker. 

DIS-PRoV'ED, (disproovd') pp. Proved to be false or erro- 
neous ; refuted. 

DIS-PROV'ER, n. One that disproves or confutes. 

DIS-PRCV'IKG, ppr. Proving to be false or erroneous ; con- 
futing; refuting. 

DIS-PUNGE', v.t. To expunge; to erase; also, to dis- 
charge as from a spunge. [Little used.] Shak. 

DTS-PUNTSH-A-BLE, a. [dis and punishable.] Without 
penal restraint ; not punishable. Swift. 

T DIS-PTJRSE', for disburse. Shak. 

t DIS-PUR-VEY', v. t. To unprovide. 

t DIS-PUR-VEY'ANCE, n. Want of provisions. Spenser. 

* DIS'PU-TA-BLE, a. That may be disputed ; liable to be 
called in question, controverted or contested ; controvert- 
ible ; of doubtful certainty. 

tDES-PU-TACI-TY, n. Proneness to dispute. 

DIS'PU-TANT, n. One who disputes ; one who argues in 
opposition to another ; a controvertist ; a reasoner in op- 
position. 

DIS'PU-TANT, a. Disputhig; engaged in controversy. 

DIS-PU-Ta'TION, n. [L. disputatio.] 1. The act of dis- 
puting ; a reasoning or argumentation in opposition to 
something, or on opposite sides ; controversy in words ; 
verbal contest, respecting the truth of some fact, opinion, 



proposition or argument. 2. An exercise in colleges, in 
which parties reason in opposition to each other, on some 
question proposed. 
DIS-PU-Ta'TIOUS, a. Inclined to dispute ; apt to cavil or 

controvert. 
DIS-Pu'TA-TiVE, a. Disposed to dispute ; inclined to 

cavilor to reason in opposition. Watts. 
DIS-PuTE', TJ. i. [1j. disputo .] 1. To contend in argument ; 

to reason or argue in opposition ; to debate ; to altercate. 

2. To strive or contend in opposition to a competitor. 
DIS-PuTE', V. t. 1. To attempt to disprove by arguments 

or statements ; to attempt to prove to be false, unfounded 
or erroneous ; to controvert ; to attempt to overthrow by 
reasoning. 2. To strive or contend for, either by words 
or actions. 3. To call in question the propriety of; to 
oppose by reasoning. 4. To strive to maintain. 

DIS-PuTE', n. 1. Strife or contest in words or by argu- 
ments ; an attempt to prove and maintain one's own opin- 
ions or claims, by arguments or statements, in opposition 
to the opinions, arguments or claims of another ; contro- 
versy in words. — Dispute is usually applied to verbal 
contest ; controversy may be in words or writuig. 2. The 
possibility of being controverted. 

DIS-PtJT'ED, pp. Contested ; opposed by words or Eirgu- 
ments ; litigated. 

DIS-POTE'LESS, a. Admitting no dispute ; incontrovert- 
ible._ 

DIS-PuT'ER, n. One who disputes, or who is given to dis- 
putes ; a controvertist. 

DIS-PtJT'ING, ppr. Contending by words or arguments ; 
controverting. 

DIS-PuT'ING, 71. The act of contending by words or argu- 
ments ; controversy ; altercation. 

DIS-aUAL-I-FI-€A'TION, n. 1. The act of disqualifying ; 
or tliat which disqualifies ; that which renders unfit, un- 
suitable or inadequate. 2. The act of depriving of legEil 
power or capacity ; that which renders incapable ; that 
which incapacitates in law ; disability. 3. Want of qual- 
ification. It is used in this sense, though improperly. 

DIS-Q-UAL'I-FlED, pp. Deprived of qualifications ; render- 
ed unfit. 

DIS-aUAL'I-FY-, v.t. I. To make unfit; to deprive of 
natural power, or the qualities or properties necessary for 
any purpose. 2. To deprive of legal capacity, power or 
right ; to disable. 

DIS-aUAL'I-FY-ING, ppr. Rendering unfit ; disabling. 

t DIS-aUAN'TI-TY, v. t. To diminish. Shak. 

DIS-CiUl'ET, a. [dis awA quiet.] Unquiet; restless; un- 
easy. [Seldom used.] Shak. 

DIS-Q,Ul'ET, 71. Want of quiet; uneasiness; restlessness; 
want of tranquillity in body or mind ; disturbance ; anxi- 
ety. Swift. 

DIS-dUl'ET, V. t. To disturb ; to deprive of peace, rest or 
tranquillity • to make uneasy or restless ; to harass the 
bony ;_to fret or vex the mind. 

DIS-CiUl'ET-ED, pp. Made uneasy or restless ; disturbed, 
harassed. 

DIS-aUl'ET-ER, 71. One who disquiets ; he or that which 
makes uneasy. 

DIS-aUT'ET-FUL, a. Producing inquietude. Barrow. 

DIS-ClUl'ET-ING, ppr. 1. Disturbing ; making uneasy ; de- 
priving of rest or peace. 2. a. Tending to disturb the 
mind. 

DIS-Q,Ul'ET-LY, adv. Without quiet or rest; in an un- 
easy state ; uneasily; anxiously. [Unusual.] 

DIS-4Ui'ET-NESS, n. Uneasiness ; restlessness ; disturb- 
ance of peace in body or mind. Hooker. 

t DIS-aUl'ET-OUS, a. Causing uneasiness. Milton. 

DIS-aUl'E-TUDE, n. Want of peace or tranquillity ; un- 
easiness ; disturbance ; agitation ; anxiety. 

DIS-aUI-Sl"TION, 71. [L. disquisitio.] A formal or sys- 
tematic inquiry into any subject, by arguments, or dis- 
cussion of the facts and circumstances that may elucidate 
truth. Woodward. 

fDIS-RANK', v.t. I. To degrade from rank. 2. To throw 
out of rank or into confusion. 

DIS-RE-GARD', n. Neglect ; omission of notice ; slight ; 
implying indifference or some degree of contempt. 

DIS-RE-GARD', v. t. To omit to take notice of; to neglect 
to observe ; to slight as unworthy of regard or notice. 

DIS-RE-GARD'ED, pp. Neglected ; slighted ; unnoticed. 

DIS-RE-GARD'FUL, a. Neglectful ; negligent ; heedless. 

DIS-RE-GARD'F]JL-LY, adv. Negligently; heedlessly. 

DIS-REL'ISH, 71.' 1. Distaste; dislike of the palate ; some 
degree of disgust. 2. Bad taste ; nauseousness. 3. Dis- 
taste or dislike, in -a figurative sense. 

DIS-REL'ISH, V. t. 1. To dislike the taste of. 2. To make 
nauseous or disgusting ; to infect with a bad taste. Milton. 

3. To dislike ; to feel some disgust at. 
DIS-REL'ISHED, pp. Not relished ; disliked ; made nau 

seous. 
DIS-REL'ISH-ING, ^r. Disliking the taste of ; experien 

cing disgust at ; rendering nauseous. 
DIS-RE-MEM'BER, «. t. To forget. [Unauthorized.] 



* See Synopsis. A E, I, O, C, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



DIS 



263 



DIS 



DIS-REP'LT-TA-BLE, a. 1. Not reputable ; not in esteem ; 
not honorable ; low ; mean. 2. Dishonorable ; disgracing 
the reputation J tending to impair the good name, and 
bring into disesteem. 

DIS-REP-U-Ta'TION, n. Loss or want of reputation or 
good name ; disrepute j disesteem ; dishonor ; disgrace ; 
discredit^ 

DIS-RE-PuTE', n. Loss or want of repiitation ; disesteem ; 
discredit ; dishonor. 

DIS-RE-SPE€T', n. 1. Want of respect or reverence ; dis- 
esteem. 2. As an act, incivility ; irreverence ; rudeness. 

DIS-RE-SPEGT'PIJL, a. 1, Wanting in respect ; irrever- 
ent. 2. Manifesting disesteem or want of respect ^ un- 
civil. 

DIS-RE-SPEeT'FTJL-LY, adv. In a disrespectful manner ; 
ineverently j uncivilly, 

DIS-RoBE', V. t. 1. To divest of a robe; to divest of gar- 
ments ; to undress. 2. To strip of covering ; to divest of 
any surrounding appendage. 

DIS-RoB'ED, (dis-robd') i'i^. Divested of clothing ; stripped 
of covering, 

DIS-RoB'ER, n. One that strips of robes or clothing. 

DIS-RoB'ING,^pr. Divesting of garments j stripping of any 
kind of covering. 

DIS-ROOT', V. t. 1. To tear up the roots, or by the roots. 
2. To tear from a foundation ; to loosen or undermine. 
Ooldsmith. 

DIS-ROOT'ED, pp. Torn up by the roots ; undermined. 

DIS-ROOT'ING, ppr. Tearing up by the roots ; undermin- 
ing. 

DIS-RUPT,a. [Ij. disruptus.'^ Rent from; torn asunder; 
severed by rending or breakmg. 

DIS-RUP'TION, n. [L. disruptio.] 1. The act of rending 
asunder ; the act of bursting and separating. 2. Breach ; 
rent ; dilaceration. 

DIS-RUPT'URE, V. t. To rend ; to sever by tearing, break- 
ing or bursting. 

DIS-RUPT'URED, pp. Rent asunder ; severed by breaking. 

DIS-RUPT'UR-ING, ppr. Rending asunder ; seveiing, 

DISSAT-IS-FA€'TI0N, n. The state of being dissatisfied ; 
discontent ; uneEisiness proceeding from the want of grat- 
ification, or from disappointed wishes. 

DIS-SAT-IS-FA€'TO-RI-NESS, n. Inability to satisfy or 
give content ; a failing to give content. 

DIS-SAT-IS-FA€'TO-RY, a. Unable to give content ; giving 
discontent; displeasing. 

DLS-SAT'IS-FIED, pp. I. Made discontented ; displeased. 
2. a. Discontented; not satisfied; not pleased ; offended. 
Locke. 

DIS-SAT'IS-F-?, V. t. To render discontented ; to dis- 
please ; to excite uneasiness by frustrating wishes or ex- 
pectations. 

DIS-SAT'-IS-FY-ING, ppr. Exciting uneasiness or discon- 
tent^ 

DIS-SeAT', v. t. To remove from a seat. ShaJc. 

DIS-SEGT', 2K t. [L. disseco, disscctus.] 1. To cut in pieces ; 
to divide an animal body, with a cutting instrument, by 
separating the joints. 2, To cut in pieces, as an animal 
or vegetable, for the purpose of examining the structure 
and use of its several parts ; to anatomize. 3. To divide 
into its constituent parts, for the purpose of examination. 
Pope. 

DIS-SE€T'ED, pp. Cut in pieces ; separated by parting the 
joints ; divided into its constituent parts ; opened and ex- 
amined. 

DIS-SEeT^I-BLE, a. That may be dissected. Paley. 

DIS-SE€T'ING, ppr. Cutting in pieces; dividing the 
parts ; separating constituent parts for minute examina- 
tion. 

DIS-SE€'TION, n. [L. dissectio.] 1. The act of cutting in 
pieces an animal or vegetable, for the purpose of examin- 
ing the structure and uses of its parts ; anatomy. 2. The 
act of separating into constituent parts, for the purpose of 
critical examination. 

DIS-SE€TfOR, n. One who dissects ; an anatomist. 

DIS-SeTZE', v. t. [dis and seize ; Fr. dessaisir.] In law, to 
dispossess wrongfully ; to deprive of actual seizin or pos- 
session ; followed by of. 

DIS-SeIZ'ED, (dis-seezd') pp. Put out x»f possesion wrong- 
fully or by force ; deprived of actual possession. 

DIS-SEI-ZEE', n. A person put out of possession of an 
estate unlawfully, 

DIS-SeIZ'IN, n. The act of disseizing ; an unlawful dispos- 
sessing of a person of his lands, tenements or incorporeal 
hereditaments ; a deprivation of actual seizin. 

DIS-SeIZ'ING, ppr. Depriving of actual seizin or posses- 
sion j putting out of possession, 

DIS-SeIZ'OR, n. One who puts another out of possession 
wrongfully ; he that dispossesses another, 

DIS-SEM'BLANCE, n. Want of resemblance, 

DIS-SEM'BLE, v. - [L. dissimulo.] 1, To hide under a 
false appearance to conceal ; to disguise ; to pretend that 
not to be which really is. 2. To pretend that to be which 
is not ; to make a false appearance of. 



DIS-SEM'BLE, v. i. To be hypocritical ; to assume a ftilse 
appearance ; to conceal the real fact, motives, intention 
or sentiments under some pretense. 

DIS-SEM'BLED, pp. Concealed under a false appearance ; 
disguised. 

DIS-SEM'BLER, n. One who dissembles ; a hypocrite ; one 
who conceals his opinions or dispositions under a false 
appearance, 

DIS-SEM'BLING, jw. Hiding under a false appearance j 
acting the hypocrite. 

DIS-SEM'BLING-LY, adv. With dissimulation ; hypocriti- 
cally; falsely. Knolles. 

DIS-S£M'I-NATE, v. t. [L. dissemino.] 1. Literally, to 
sow ; to scatter seed ; hut seldom or never used in its literal 
sense. 2, To scatter for growth and propagation, like 
seed ; to spread. 3. To spread ; to diffuse, 4. To spread ; 
to disperse. 

DIS-SEM'I-NA-TED, pp. 1. Scattered, as seed ; propaga- 
ted ; spread. — 2. In mineralogy, occurring in portions 
less than a hazel-nut ; being scattered. 

DI3-SEM'I-NA-TING, j>2jr. Scattering and propagating; 
spreading. 

DISrSEM-1-NA'TION, n. The act of scattering and propa- 
gating, like seed ; the act of spreading for growth and per- 
manence. 

DIS-SEM-I-Na'TOR, 71. One who disseminates; one who 
spreads and' propagates. 

DIS-SEN'SION, n. [L. dissensio.] Disagreement in opinion, 
usually a disagreement which is violent, producing warm 
debates or angry words; contention in words; strife; 
discord ; quarrel ; breach of friendship and union, 

DIS-SEN'SIOUS, a. Disposed to discord ; quarrelsome ; con- 
tentious ; factious. [Little used.] Shak. 

DIS-SENT', «. i. [Ij. dlssensio.] 1. To disagree in opinion ; 
to differ ; to think in a different or contrary manner. 2. 
To differ from an established church, in regard to doc- 
trines, rites or government. 3. To differ ; to be of a con- 
trary nature. Hooker. 

DIS-SENT', 71. 1. Difference of opinion ; disagreement. 
2. Declaration of disagreement in opinion. 3. Contrarie- 
ty of nature, opposite quality ; [obs.] Bacon. 

DIS-SENT-A'NE-OUS, a. Disagreeable ; contrary, 

f DIS'SENT-A-NY, a. Dissentaneous ; inconsistent. 

DIS-SENT'ER, n. I. One who dissents ; one Who differs 
in opinion, or one who declares his disagreement. 2. One 
Who separates from the service and worship of any estab- 
lished church. The word is in England particularly ap- 
plied to those who separate from, or who do not unite 
with, the church of England. 

DIS-SEN'TIENT, a. Disagreeing ; declaring dissent. 

DIS-SEN'TIENT, n. One who disagrees, and declares his 
dissent. 

DIS-SENT'ING , ppr. Disagreeing in opinion; separating 
from the communion of an established church. It is used 
as an adjective. 

DIS-SEN'TlOUS, a. Disposed to disagreement or discord. 

DIS-SEP'I-MENT, n. [L. disscpimentum.] In botany, a 
partition in dry seed-vessels, as in capsules and pods, 
which separates the fruit into cells. 

DIS-SERT', V. i. [L. dissero, diserto.] To discourse or dis- 
pute. [Little in use.] 

DIS-SER-Ta'TION, 71. [L. dissertatio.] I. A discourse, or 
rather a formal discourse, intended to illustrate a subject, 
2. A written essay, treatise or disquisition, 

DIS'SER-TA-TOR, n. One who writes a dissertation ; one 
who debates. Boyle. 

DIS-SERVE', v. t. [dis and serve.] To injure ; to hurt ; to 
harm ; to do injury or mischief to. 

DIS-SERV'ED, (dis-servd') pp. Injured. 

DIS-SERV'iCE, n. Injury ; harm ; mischief. 

DIS-SERV'iCE-A-BLE, a. Injurious ; hurtful. 

DIS-SERV'ICE-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being in 
jurious ; tendency to harm. JVorris. 

DIS-SERV'iCE-A-BLY, ado. So as to be injurious Hack- 
ett 

t DIS-SET'TLE v. U To unsettle More. 

DIS-SEV'ER, v. t. To dispart ; to part in two ; to divide 
asunder ; to separate ; to disunite, either by violence or 
not. 

DIS-SEV'ER-ANCE, n. The act of dissevering ; separation , 

DIS-SEV'ERED, pp. Disparted ; disjoinea , separated. 

DIS-SEVER-ING, ppr. Dividing asunder ; separating ; tear- 
ing or cutting asunder. 

DIS-SEVER-ING, n. The act of separating ; separation. 

DIS'SI-DENCE, n. Discord. 

DIS'SI-DENT, a. [L, dissideo.} Not agreeing. 

DIS'SI-DENT, n. A dissenter ; one who separates from the 
established religion. 

DIS-SIL'I-ENCE, 71. [L. dissilio.] The act of leaping or 
starting asunder. 

DIS-SIL'I-ENT, a. Starting asunder ; bursting and opening 
with an elastic force, as the dry pod or capsule cf a plant 

DIS-SI-LI"TION, 71, The act of bursting open ; the act of 
starting or springing different ways. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J : S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



DIS 



264 



DIS 



DIS-SIM I-LAR, a. Unlike, either iii nature, properties or 
external form ; not similar ; not having the resemblance 
of; heterogeneous. 

DIS-SIM-I-L.^R I-TY, n. Unlikeness; want of resem- 
blance ; dissimilitude. 

DIS-SIM'I-LE, n. Comparison or illustration by contraries. 
[Little XLScd.S 

DlS-SI-ML'i-TUDE, n. [L. dissimilitudo.] Unlikeness ; 
want of resemblance. 

DIS-SIM-U-La'TION, n. [L. dissimulatio.] The act of dis- 
sembling ; a hiding under a false appearance ; a feigning ; 
false pretension ; hypocrisy. 

t-DIS-SIM'ULE, w, t. To dissemble. Elyut. 

DIS'SI-PA-BLE, a. Liable to be dissipated ; that may be 
scattered or dispersed. Bacon. 

DIS'SI-PATE, V. t. [L. dissipatus.] 1. To scatter; to dis- 
perse ; to drive asunder. 2. To expend; to squander; 
to scatter property in wasteful extravagance; to waste; 
to consume. 3. To scatter the attention, 

DIS'SI-PATE, V. i. To scatter; to disperse ; to separate in- 
to parts and disappear ; to waste away ; to vanish. 

DIS'SI-PA-TED, pp. 1. Scattered; dispersed; wasted; 
consumed; squandered. 2. a. Loose; irregular; given 
to extravagance in the expenditure of property ; devoted 
to pleasure and vice. 

DIS'SI-PA-TING, ppr. Scattering ; dispersing ; wasting ; 
consuming; squandering; vanishing. 

DIS-SI-Pa'TION, n. 1. Tiie act of scattering; dispersion; 

, the state of being dispersed. — 2. In physics, the insensible 
loss or waste of the minute pajts of a body, which fly off, 
by which means the body is diminished or consumed. 3, 
Scattered attention, or that which diverts and calls off the 
mind from any subject. 4. A dissolute, irregular course 
of life ; a wandering from object to object in pursuit of 
pleasure. 

tDIS-SO-CI-A-BIL'I-TY, n. Want of sociability. 

DIS-So'CIA-BLE, a. 1. Not well associated, united or as- 
sorted. 2. Incongruous; not reconcilable with. Spec- 
tator. 

DIS-So'CIAL, a. [dis and social.] Unfriendly to society; 
contracted; selfish. Karnes. 

DIS-So'-CIATE, V. t. [L. dissociatus.l To separate ; to dis- 
unite ; to pait. Boyle. 

DIS-So'CIA-TED, pp. Separated ; disunited. 

DIS-So'CIA-TING, ppr. Separating ; disuniting. 

DIS-SO-CI-A'TION, 71. The act of disuniting ; a state of 
separation; disunion. Burke. 

DIS-SOL-U-BIL'I-TY, n. Capacity of being dissolved by 
heat or moisture, and converted into a fluid. 

DIS'SO-LU-BLE, a. [L. dlssoluUlis.'] 1. Capable of being 
dissolved ; that may be melted ; having its parts separa- 
ble by heat or moisture ; convertible into a fluid. TVood- 
ward. 2. That may be disunited. 

DIS'SO-LUTE, a. [L. dissolutus.'] 1. Loose in behavior 
and morals ; given to vice and dissipation ; wanton ; 
lewd ; luxm-ious ; debauched ; not under the restraints of 
law. 2. Vicious ; wanton ; devoted to pleasure and dis- 
sipation. 

DIS'SO-LUTE-LY, adv. Loosely; wantonly ; in dissipa- 
tion or debauchery ; without restraint. 

DIS'SO-LUTE-NESS. n. Looseness of manners and mor- 
als ; vicious indulgences in pleasure, as in intemperance 
and debauchery ; dissipation. 

OlS-SO-Lu'TION, n. [L. dissolutio.] 1. The act of lique- 
fying or changing from a solid to a fluid state by heat ; a 
melting ; a thawing. 2. The reduction of a body into its 
smallest parts, or into very minute parts, by a dissolvent 
or menstruum. 3. The separation of the parts of a body 
by putrefaction, or the analysis of the natural structure of 
mixed bodies, as of animal or vegetable substances ; de- 
composition. 4. The substance formed by dissolving a 
body in a menstruum. Bacon. 5. Death ; the separation 
ofthe soul and body. Milton. 6. Destruction; the sepa- 
ration of the parts which compose a connected system or 
body. 7. The breaking up of an assembly, or the putting 
an end to its existence. 8. Looseness of "manners ; dissi- 
pation. — 9. Dissolution ofthe blood, in medicine, that state 
ofthe blood in which it "does not readily coagulate, on its 
cooling, out ofthe body, as in malignant fevers. 

DIS-SOLV'A-BLE, a. That may be dissolved ; capable of 
being melted ; that may be converted into a fluid. 

DIS-SOLVE', (diz-zolV) v. t. [L. dissolve] 1. To melt ; 
to liquefy ; to convert rrom a solid or fixed state to a fluid 
state by "means of heat or moisture. 2. To disunite ; to 
break; to separate. 3. To loose; to disunite. 4. To 
loose the ties or bonds of any thing ; to destroy any con- 
nected system. 5. To loose ; to break. 6. To break up ; 
to cause to separate ; to put an end to. 7. To clear ; to 
solve ; to remove ; to dissipate, or to explain. 8. To 
break ; to destroy. 9. To loosen or relax ; to make lan- 
guid. 10. To waste away ; to consume ; to cause to van- 
ish or perish. 11. To annul ; to rescind. 

DIS-SOLVE', V. i. 1. To be melted ; to be converted from 
a solid to a fluid state. 2. To sink away ; to lose strength 



and firmness. 3. To melt away in pleasure ; to become 
soft or languid. 4. To fall asunder ; to crumble ; to be 
broken. 5. To waste away ; to perish ; to be decom- 
posed. 6. To come to an end by a separation of parts. 

DIS-SOLV'ED, (diz-zolvd') pp. Melted ; liquefied ; disu 
nited ; parted ; loosed ; relaxed ; wasted away ; ended.- 
Dissolved blood is that which does not readily coagulate. 

DIS-SOLV'ENT, a. Having power to melt or dissolve, 

DJS-SOLV'ENT, n. 1. Any thing which has the power or 
quality of melting, or converting a solid substance into 
a fluid, or of separating the parts of a fixed body so that 
tliey mix with a liquid. — 2. In medicine, a remedy suppos- 
ed capable of dissolving concretions iii the body, such as 
calculi, tubercles, &c. 

DIS-SOLV'ER, n. That which dissolves, or has the power 
of dissolving. 

DIS-SOLV'I-SLE, a. Liable to perish by dissolution. 

DIS-SOLV'ING, p2)r. Melting ; making or becoming li- 
quid. 

DIS'SO-NANCE, n. [Fr. dissonance.] 1. Discord ; a mix- 
ture or union of harsh, unharmonious sounds, which are 
grating or unpleasing to the ear. 2. Disagreement. 

DIS'SO-NANT, a. 1. Discordant ; harsh ; jarring ; unhar- 
monious ; unpleasant to the ear. 2. Disagreeing ; incon- 
gruous_. 

DIS-SUaDE', (dis-swade') v. t. [L. dissuadeo.] 1. To ad- 
vise or exhort against ; to attempt to draw or divert from 
a measure, by reason or offering motives to. 2. To repre- 
sent as^ unfit, improper or dangerous. 

DIS-SUaD'ED, ^7/7. Advised against ; counseled or induced 
by advice not to do something ; diverted from a purpose. 

DIS-SUaD'ER, 71. He that dissuades ; a dehorter. 

DIS-SUaD'ING, ppr. Exhorting against; attempting, by 
advice, to divert from a purpose. 

DIS-SUa'SION, (dis-swa'zhun) n. Advice or exhortation 
in opposition to something ; dehortation. 

DIS-SUa'SIVE, a. Tending to dissuade, or divert from a 
measure or purpose ; dehortatory. 

DIS-SU-a'SIVE, 71. Reason, argiunent or counsel, employ- 
ed to deter one from a measure or purpose ; that which is 
used or which tends to divert the mind from any purpose 
or pursuit. 

DIS-SUN'DER, V. t. To separate ; to rend. Chapman. 

t DIS-SWEET'EN, v. t. To deprive of sweetness. 

DIS-SYL-LAB'I€, a. Consisting of two syllables only. 

*DIS-SYL'LA-BLE, 71. [Gr. <5to-ayXXa/3of.] A word con- 
sisting of two syllables only. 

DIS'TAFF, n. [Sax. distrnf.] 1. The staff of a spinning- 
wheel, to which a bunch of flax is tied, and from which 
the thread is dra^n. — 2. Figuratively, a woman, or the 
female sex. Dryden. 

DIS'TAFF-THIS'TLE, n. A species of thistle. 

DIS-TaIN', 7). t. [Fr. deteindre.] 1. Tostain; totingewith 
any different color from the natural or proper one ; to dis- 
color. 2. To blot ; to sully ; to defile ; to tarnish. 

DIS-TaIN'ED, (dis-tandi)pp. Stained ; tmged ; discolored ; 
blotted ; sullied. 

DIS-TaIN'ING, ppr. Staining ; discoloring ; blotting ; tar- 
nishing. 

DIS'TANCE, 77. [Fr. distance.] 1. An interval or space 
between two objects. 2. Preceded by at, remoteness of 
place. 3. Preceded by thy, his, your, her, their, a suita- 
ble space, or such remoteness as is common or becoming ; 
as, let him keep his distance. 4. A space marked on the 
course where horses run. 5. Space of time ; any indefi- 
nite length of time, past or future, intervening between 
two periods or events. 6. Ideal space or separation. 7. 
Contrariety ; opposition. 8. The remoteness which re- 
spect requires ; hence, respect. 9. Reserve ; coldness ; 
alienation of heart. 10. Remoteness in succession or re- 
lation. — 11. In music, the interval between two notes. 

DIS'TANCE, V. t. 1. To place remote ; to throw off from 
the view. 2. To leave behind in a race ; to win the race 
by a great superiority. 3. To leave at a great distance 
behind. 

DIS'TANCED, pp. Left far behind ; cast out ofthe race. 

DIS'TANT, a. [L. distans.] 1. Separate ; having an in- 
tervening space of any indefinite extent. 2. Remote in 
place. 3, Remote in time, past or future. 4. Remote in 
the line of succession or descent, indefinitely. 5. Re- 
mote in natural connection or consanguinity. 6. Remote 
in nature ; not allied ; not agreeing with or in conformity 
to. 7. Remote in view ; slight ; faint ; not vei7 likely 
to be realized. 8. Remote in connection ; slight ; faint ; 
indirect; not easily seen or understood. 9. Reserved; 
shy ; implying haughtiness, coldness of affection, indif- 
ference, or disrespect. 

DIS'TANT-LY, adv. Remotely ; at a distance ; with re- 
serve. 

DIS-TaSTE', n. 1. Aversion of the taste ; dislike of food 
or drink ; disrelish ; disgust, or a slight degree of it. 2. 
Dislike ; uneasiness. 3. Dislike ; displeasure ; aliena- 
tion of affection. 

DIS-TaSTE', v. t. 1. To disrelish ; to dislike ; to lothe 



* See Synopsis, a, E, I, 0, U, Y, lon>r.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, fiLVRiNE, BIRD ,— f Obsolete. 



DIS 



265 



DIS 



2. To offend ; to disgust ; [l.u.] 3. To vex j to displease 5 

to sour; [I. u.] 

DIS-TaST'ED, p;7. Disrelished; disliked; offended. 

DIS-TaSTE'FUL, a. 1. Nauseous ; unpleasant or disgust- 
ing to tlie taste. 2. Offensive ; displeasing. 3. Malevo- 
lent, 

DIS-TaSTE'FUL-NESS, n. Disagreeableness ; dislike. 

DIS-TaST'ING, ppr. Disrelishing ; disliking ; offending ; 
displeasing. 

DIS-TaST'IVE,7i. That which gives disrelish or aversion. 
IVhitlock. 

DIS-TEMTER, n. 1. Literally, an undue or unnatural 
temper, or disproportionate mixture of parts. 2. Disease ; 
malady ; indisposition ; any morbid state of an animal 
body, or of any part of it. 3. Want of due temperature, 
applied to climate ; \iiot used,'] Raleigh. 4. Bad constitu- 
tion of the mind ; undue predominance of a passion or 
appetite. 5. Want of due balance of parts or opposite 
qualities and principles ; {not used.] Bacon. 6. Ill-hu- 
mor of mind ; depravity of inclination ; \iiot used.] 7. 
Political disorder ; tumalt. Waller. 8. Uneasiness ; ill- 
humor or bad temper. — 9. In painting, the mixing of col- 
ors with something besides oil and water. 

DIS-TEM'PER, v.t. 1. To disease; to disorder; to de- 
range the functions of the body or mind. 2. To disturb ; 
to ruffle. 3. To deprive of temper or moderation. 4. To 
make disaffected, ill-humored or malignant. ShaJc. 

riS-TEM'PER-ANCE, n. Distemperature. 

DIS-TEM'PER-ATE, a. Immoderate. [Little used.] 

DIS-'J'EM'PER-A-TURE, n. 1. Bad temperature ; intem- 
perateness ; excess of heat or cold, or of other qualities ; 
a noxio'js state. 2, Violent tumultuousness ; outrageous- 
ness. 3. Perturbation of mind. 4. Confusion; commix- 
ture of contrarieties; loss of regularity; disorder. 5. 
Slight illness ; indisposition. 

DIS-TEM'PERED, pp. or a. 1. Diseased in body, or disor- 
dered in mind. 2. Disturbed; ruffled. 3. Deprived of 
temper or moderation ; immoderate, 4. Disordered ; bi- 
ased ; prejudiced ; perverted. 5. Disaffected ; made ma- 
levolent. 

DIS-TEM'PER-ING,^r. Affecting with disease or disor- 
der; disturbing; depriving of moderation. 

DIS-TEND', t?. t, [li. distendo.] 1. To stretch or spread in 
all duections ; to dilate ; to enlarge ; to expand ; to swell. 
2. To spread apart ; to divaricate. 

DIS-TEND'ED, pp. Spread ; expanded ; dilated by an in- 
closed substance or force. 

DIS-TEND'ING, ppr. Stretching in all directions ; dilating; 
expanding. 

DIS-TEN-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or capacity of being 
distensible. 

DIS-TEN'SI-BLE, a. Capable of being distended or dilated. 

DIS-TEN'SION. See Distention. 

t DIS-TENT', a. Spread. Spenser. 

fDIS-TENT', n. Bre-idth. TVotto7i. 

DIS-TEN'TION, n. [x^ distentio.] 1. The act of distend- 
ing ; the act of stretcliing in breadth or in all directions ; 
the state of being distended. 2. Breadth ; extent or space 
occupied by the thing distended. 3. An opening, spread- 
ing or divarication. 

t DIS-TER', V. t. [L. dis and terra.] To banish from a coun- 
try. 

t DIS-TERM'I-NATE, a. [L. disterminatus.] Separated by 
bounds. Hale. 

tDIS-TERM-I-NA'TION, 7!. Separation. Hammond. 

DIS'THENE, n. [Gr. Sis and aOevos.] A mineral. 

t DIS-THRoNE', v. t. To dethrone. 

t DIS-THRoN'iZE, ??. t. To dethrone. Spenser. 

DIS'TICH, n. [L. disticJion.] A couplet ; a couple of verses 
or poetic lines, making complete sense ; an epigram of 
two verses. 

DIS'TI€H-OUS, ) a. Having two rows, or disposed in two 

DIS'TICH, S rows. Lee. 

DIS-TILL', V. i. [L. distillo.] 1. To drop ; to fall in drops. 
2. To flow gently, or in a small stream. 3. To use a 
still; to practice distillation. 

DIS-TILL', V. t. 1. To let fall in drops ; to throw down in 
drops. 2. To extract by heat ; to separate spirit or es- 
sential oils from liquor by heat or evaporation. 3, To ex- 
tract spirit from, by evaporation and condensation, 4. 
To extract the pure part of a fluid. 5. To dissolve or 
melt. 

DIS-TILL' A-BLE, a. That may be distilled ; fit for distill- 
ation. 

DIS-TILL-A'TION, n. 1. The act of falling in drops, or 
the act of pouring or throwing down in drops. 2, The 
operation of extracting spirit from a substance by evapo- 
ration and condensation ; rectification. 3. The substance 
extracted by distilling. 4. That which falls in drops, 

DIS-TILL'A TO-RY, a. Belonging to distillation ; used for 
distilling, 

DIS-TILL'ED, pp. Let fall or thrown down in drops ; sub- 
jected to the process of distillation ; extracted by evapo- 
ration. 



DIS-TILL'ER, n. One who distills; one whose occupa- 
tion is to extract spirit by evaporation and condensation. 

DIS-TILL'E-RY, n. I. The act or art of distilling. 2. 
The building and works where distilling is carried on. 

DIS-TILL'ING, ppr. Dropping; letting fall in drops; ex 
tracting by distillation. 

DIS-TILL'MENT, n. That which is drawn by distillation. 

DIS-TINCT', a. [L. distinctus.] 1. Literally, having the 
difference marked ; separated by a visible sign, or by a 
note or mark. 2. Different ; separate ; not the same in 
number or kind. 3, Separate in place ; not conjunct. 4. 
So separated as not to be confounded with any othei' 
thing; clear; not confused. 5. Spotted; variegated. 

DIS-TINCT', V. t. To distinguish. UsTot in 'use.] Chaucer. 

DIS-TINC'TION, n. [L. distinctio.] I, The act of sepa- 
rating or distinguishing. 2. A note or mark of difference. 

3. Difference made ; a separation or disagreement in kind 
or qualities, by which one thing is known from another. 

4. Difference regarded ; separation ; preference. 5. Sep- 
aration ; division. 6. Notation of difference ; discrimma- 
tion. 7. Eminence ; superiority ; elevation of rank in 
society, or elevation of character ; honorable estimation. 
8. That which confers eminence or superiority ; office, 
rank or public favor. 9. Discernment ; judgment. 

DIS-TIN€T'IVE, a. 1. That marks distinction or differ- 
ence, 2. Having the power to distinguish and discern ; 
[less proper.] Brown. 

DIS-TINCT'IVE-LY, adv. With distinction ; plainly. 

DIS-TINCT'LY, adv. 1. Separately; with distmctness; 
not confusedly ; without the blending of one part or thing 
with another. 2. Clearly ; plainly, 

DIS-TINCT'NESS, 71, 1, The quality or state of being dis- 
tinct ; a separation or difference that prevents confusion 
of parts or things, 2, Nice discrimination ; whence, 
clearness ; precision, 

DIS-TIN'GUISH, V. t. [L, distinguo.] I. To ascertain and 
" indicate difference by some external mark. 2. To sepa- 
rate one thing from another by somo mark or quality ; to 
know or ascertain difference. 3. To separate or divide 
by any mark or quality which constitutes difference, 4, 
To discern critically ; to judge. 5. To separate from oth- 
ers by some mark of honor or preference. 6. To make 
eminent or known. 

DIS-TIN'GUISH, V. i. To make a distinction ; to find or 
show the difference, 

DIS-TIN'GUISH-A-BLE, a. 1, Capable of being distin- 
guished ; that may be separated, known or made known. 
2, Worthy of note or special regard, 

DIS-TIN'GUISHED,pp, 1, Separated or known by a mark 
of difference, or by different qualities. 2. a. Separated 
from others by superior or extraordinary qualities ; whence, 
eminent ; extraordinary ; transcendent ; noted ; famous ; 
celebrated. 

DIS-TIN'GUISH-ER,w. 1. He or that which distinguishes, 
or that separates one thing from another by marks of di- 
versity. 2 One who discerns accurately the difference 
of things ; a nice or judicious observer. 

DIS-TIN'GUISH-ING, ppr. 1. Separating from others by a 
note of diversity ; ascertaining difference by a mark. 2 
Ascertaining, knowing or perceiving a differeiice, 3. a. 
Constituting difference, or distinction from every thing 
else ; peculiar. 

DIS-TIN'GUISH-ING-LY, adv. With distinction; with 
some mark of preference. Pope. 

PIS-TIN'GUISH-MENT, 71. Distinction; observation of 
difference. Oraunt. 

DIS-Tl'TLE, V. t. To deprive of right. B. Jonson. 

DIS-TORT', V. t. [L. distortus.] 1. To twist out of natu- 
ral or regular shape. 2. To force or put out of the true 
posture or direction. 3. To wrest from the true mean- 
ing; to pervert. 

DIS-TORT', a. Distorted. Spenser. 

DIS-TORT'ED, pp. Twisted out of natural or regular 
sliape ; wrested ; perverted. 

DIS-TORT'ING, ppr. Twisting out of shape ; wresting ; 
perverting. 

DIS-TOR'TION, 71. [h. distortio.] 1. The act of distorting 
or wresting ; a twisting out of regular shape ; a twisting 
or writhing motion. 2. The state of being twisted out of 
shape ; deviation from natural shape or position ; crook- 
edness ; grimace. 3. A perversion of the true meaning 
of words. 

DIS-TRA€T', V. t. [L. distractus. The old participle dis- 
traught is obsolete.] 1. Literally, to draw apart ; to pull 
in different directions, and separate. Hence, to divide , 
to separate ; to throw into confusion. 2. I'o turn or draw 
from any object; to divert from any point, towards an- 
other point, or toward various other objects. 3. To draw 
towards different objects ; to fill with different considera- 
tions ; to perplex ; Co confound ; to harass. 4. To disor- 
der the reason ; to derange the regular operations of in- 
tellect ; to render raving or furious. 

tDIS-TRACT', a. Mad. 

DIS-TRA€T'ED, pp. 1. Drawn apart ; drawn in different 



* See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE :— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



DIS 



DIS 



directions ; d-iverted firom its object ; perplexed ; harass- 
ed; confounded. 2. a. Deranged j disordered in intel- 
lect ; raving ; furious ; mad ; frantic. Locke. 

DIS-TRAeT'£D-LY, adv. Madly ; furiously ; wildly. Shak. 

DIS-TEA€T'ED-NESS, n. A state of being mad j mad- 
ness. 

DIS-TRA€T'EE, n. One who distracts. More. 

I)IS-TRA€T'ING, ppr. Drawing apart ; separating 5 di- 
verting from an object ; perplexing ; harassing ; disorder- 
ing the intellect. 

DIS-TRA€'TION, n. [L. distractio.] 1. The act of dis- 
tracting; a drawing apart; separation. 2. Confusion 
from a multiplicity of objects crowding on the mind and 
calling the attention different ways ; perturbation of 
mind ; perplexity. 3. Confusion of affau-s ; tumult ; dis- 
order. 4. Madness ; a state of disordered reason ; fran- 
ticness ; furiousness. 5. Folly in the extreme, or amount- 
ing to insanity. 

DIS~TRA€T'IVE, a. Causing perplexity. Dryden. 

DIS-TRaIN', v. t. [L. distringo.] 1. To seize for debt ; to 
take a personal chattel from tlie possession of a wrong- 
doer into tiie possession of the injured party, to satisfy a 
demand or compel the performance of a duty. 2. To 
rend ; to tear ; \obs.'] 

DIS-TRaIN', v. I. To make seizure of goods. 

DIS-TRaIN'A-BLE, a. That is liable to be taken for dis- 
tress. 

DIS-TRaIN'ED, (dis-trand') pp. Seized for debt, or to com- 
pel the performance of duty. 

DIS-TRaIN'ING, ppr. Seizing for debt, or for neglect of 
suit and service. 

DIS-TRaIN'OR, n. He who seizes goods for debt or ser- 
vice. 

t DIS-TRaINT', n. Seizure. Diet. 

t DIS-TRAUGHT'. See Distract. 

DIS-TReAM', v. i. So spread or flow over. 

DIS-TRESS-', n. [Fr. dotresse.] 1. The act of distraining ; 
the taking of any personal chattel from a wrong-doer, to 
answer a demand, or procure satisfaction for a wrong 
committed. 2. The thing taken by distraining ; that 
which is seized" to procure satisfaction. 3. Extreme pain ; 
anguish of body or mind. 4, Affliction ; calamity ; mis- 
ery. 5. A state of danger. 

DIS-TRESS', V. t. 1. To pain ; to afflict with pain or an- 
guish. 2. To afilict greatly; to harass ; to oppress with 
calamity ; to make miserable. 3. To compel by pain or 
suffering. 

DIS-TRESS'ED, (dis-tresf) pp. Suffering great pain or tor- 
ture ; severely afflicted ; harassed ; oppressed with ca- 
lamity or misfortune. 

DIS-TRESS'ED-NESS, n. A state of being greatly pained, 

DIS-TRESS'FUL, a. 1. Inflicting or bringing distress. 2. 
Indicating distress ; proceeding from pain or anguish. 3. 
Calamitous. 4. Attended with poverty. 

DIS-TRESS'ING, ppr. 1, Giving severe pain ; oppressing 
with affliction. 2. a. Very afflicting ; affecting with se- 
vere pain. 

DIS-TRIB'CJ-TA-BLE, c. That may be distributed ; that 
may be assigned in portions. Ramsay. 

DIS-TRIB'UTE, v. t. [L. distribm.] I. To divide among 
two or more ; to deal ; to give or bestow in parts or por- 
tions. 2. To dispense ; to administer. 3. To divide or 
separate, as into classes, orders, kinds or species. 4. To 
give in charity. — 5. In pnnting, to separate types, and 
place them in their proper cells in the cases. 

DIS-TRIB'U-TED, pp. Divided among a number ; dealt 
out ; assigned in portions ; separated ; bestowed. 

DIS-TRIB'U-TER, n. One who divides or deals out in 
parts ; one who bestows in portions ; a dispenser. 

DIS-TRTB'U-TING, ppr. Dividing among a number ; deal- 
ing out ; dispensing. 

DIS-TRI-BU'TION, n. [L. distributic] 1. The act of di- 
viding among a number ; a dealing in parts or portions. 
2. The act of giving in charity ,"»a bestowing in parts. 3. 
Dispensation ; administration to numbers ; a rendering to 
individuals. 4. The act of separating into distinct parts 
or classes. — 5. In architecture, the dividing and disposing 
of the several parts of the building, according to some 
plan, or to the rules of the art. — 6. In rhetoric, a division 
and enumeration of the several qualities of a subject. — 7. 
In general, the division and disposition of the parts of 
any thing.— 8. In printing, the taking a form apart ; the 
separating of the types, and placing each letter in its 
proper cell in the cases. 

DIS-TRIB'Q-TlVE, a. 1. That distributes; that divides 
and assigns in portions ; that deals to each his proper 
share. 2. That assigns the various species of a general 
term. 3. That separates or divides. 

DIS-TRIB'U-TlVE, n. In grammar, a word that divides 
or distributes. 

DIS-TRTB'U-TIVE-LY, adv. By distribution ; singly ; not 
collectively. 

DFS-TRIB'U-TiVE-NESS, n. Desire of distributing. Fell. 

DIS'TRICT, n. [li. distnctus.] 1. Properly, a limited ex- 



tent of country ; a circuit within which power, right o? 
authority may be exercised, and to which it is restrained. 
2. A region ; a territory within given lines. 3. A region ; 
a country ; a portion of territory without very definite 
limits. 

DIS'TSICT, V. t. To divide into districts or Ihnited por- 
tions of territory. JSTe-w Englaiid. 

DIS'TRI€T-€oURT, n. A court which has cognizance of 
certain causes within a district defined by law. 

DIS'TRICT-JUDGE, m. The judge of a district-court. U. 
States. 

DIS'TRI€T-S€HOOL, n. A school within a certain dis- 
trict of a town. J^ew England. 

DIS'TRI€T-ED, pp. Divided into districts or definite por- 
tions. 

DIS'TRI€T-ING, ppr Dividing into limited or definite 
portions. 

DIS-TRI€'TION, n. Sudden display. [Unusual.'] 

DIS-TRIN'GAS, n. In law, a writ commanding the sheriff 
to distrain a person for debt, or for his appearance at a 
certain day. 

DIS-TRUST', V. t. 1. To doubt or suspect the truth, fi- 
delity, firmness or sincerity of ; not to confide in or rely 
on. 2. To doubt ; to suspect not to be real, true, sincere 
or firm. 

DIS-TRUST', n. 1. Doubt or suspicion of reality or sincer- 
ity ; want of confidence, faith or reliance. 2. Discredit ; 
loss of confidence. 

DIS-TRUST'ED, ^. Doubted; suspected. 

DIS-TRUST'FIJL, a. 1. Apt to distrust; suspicious. 2. 
Not confident ; diffident. 3. Diffident ; modest. 

DIS-TRUST'FUL-LY, adv. In a distrustful manner. 

DIS-TRUST'FtJL-NESS, n. The state of being distrustful ; 
want of confidence. 

DIS-TRUST'ING, ppr. Doubting the reality or sincerity of; 
suspecting ; not relying on or confiding in. 

DIS-TRUST'LESS, a. Free from distrust or suspicion. 

t DIS-TuNE', V. t. To put out of tune. Wotton. 

DIS-TURB',17. t. [Sp. disturbar ; L. disturbc] 1. To stir; 
to move ; to discompose ; to excite from a state of rest or 
tranquillity. 2. To move or agitate ; to disquiet ; to ex- 
cite uneasiness or a slight degree of anger in the mind ; to 
move the passions ; to ruffle. 3. To move from any reg- 
ular course or operation ; to interrupt regular order ; to 
make irregular. 4. To interrupt ; to hinder ; to incom- 
mode. 5. To turn off from any direction ; with from ; 
[umisual.'] 

t DIS-TURB', n. Confusion ; disorder. Milton. 

DIS-TURE'ANCE, n. 1. A sturing or excitement ; any dis- 
quiet or interruption of peace. 2. Interruption of a settled 
state of things ; disorder ; tumult. 3. Emotion of the 
mind ; agitation ; excitement of passion ; perturbation. 
4. Disorder of thoughts ; confusion. — 5. In law, the hinder- 
ing or disquieting of a person in the lawful and peaceable 
enjoyment of his right ; the interruption of a right. 

DIS-TURB'ED, (dis-turl3d') pp. Stirred ; moved ; excited ; 
discomposed ; disquieted ; agitated ; uneasy. 

DIS-TURB'ER, n. 1. One who disturbs or disquiets ; a vio- 
lator of peace. 2. He or that which excites passion or agi- 
tation ; he or that which causes perturbation. — 3. In law, 
one tiiat interrupts or incommodes anotlier in the peacea- 
ble enjoyment of his right. 

DIS-TURB'ING, ppr. Moving ; exciting ; rendering un- 
easy ; making a tumult ; interrupting peace ; incommod- 
ing the quiet enjoyment of. 

t DIS-TURN', V. t. To turn aside. Daniel. 

t DIS-U'NI-FORM, a. Not uniform. Coventry. 

DIS-UN'ION, n. Separation ; disjunction ; or a state of not 
being united. It sometimes denotes a breach of concord, 
and itseffect, contention. 

DIS-U-NlTE', V. t. To separate ; to disjoin ; to part. 

DIS-U-NlTE', V. i. To part ; to fall asunder ; to become 
separate. 

DIS-U-NlT'ED, pp. Separated ; disjoined. 

DIS-U-NlT'ER, n. He or that which disjoins. 

DIS-U-NlT'ING, ppr. Separating ; parting. 

DIS-U'NI-TY, 71. A state of separation. More. 

DIS-U'SAGE, n. Gradual cessation of use or custom ; neg 
lect of use, exercise or practice. 

DIS-USE', n. 1. Cessation of use, practice or exercise. 2 
Cessation of custom ; desuetude! 

DIS-USE', v.t. 1. To cease to use ; to neglect or omit to 
practice. 2. To disaccustom. 

DIS-US'ED, (dis-yuzd') pp. 1. No longer used ; obsolete, as 
words, &c. 2. Disaccustomed. 

DIS-US'ING, (dis-yuz'ing) ppr. Ceasing to use ; disaccus- 
toming. 

DIS-VAL-U-a'TION, n. Disesteem ; disreputation. 

DIS-VAL'UE, V. t. To undervalue ; to disesteem. 

DIS-VAL'UE, n. Disesteem; disregard. B. Jonson. 

DIS-VOUCH', V. t. To discredit ; to contradict. 

t DIS-WARN', V. t. [dis and warn.] To direct by previous 
notice." 

DIS-WIT'TED, a. Deprived of wits or understanding 



Sec Synopsis. A, E, T, o, U, Y, Zo??"-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE ir;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD;— ^ Obsclete 



DIV 



267 



DIV 



DIS-W6NT', V. t. To wean'; to deprive of wonted usage. 

DIS-WoR'SHIP, n. Cause of disgrace. Barret. 

■\ DIT, n. A ditty. Spenser, 

fDIT, V. t. [Sax. dyttan.] To close up. More. 

tDI-TA'TION, n. {li.ditatus.] The ac* of making rich. 

DITCH, n. [Sax. die ; D. dyk.] 1. A trench in the earth 
made by digging. 2. Any long, hollow receptacle of wa- 
ter. 

DITCH, V. i. To dig or make a ditch or ditches. 

DITCH, V. t. 1. To dig a ditch or ditches in ; to drain by a 
ditch. 2. To surround with a ditch. 

DITCH'-DE-LIV'ERED, a. Brought forth in a ditch. Shak. 

DITCH'ER, n. One who digs ditches. 

DITCH'ING, ppr. Digging ditches ; also, draining by a ditch 
or ditches. 

Di-TET-RA-He'DRAL, a. In crystalography, having the 
form of a tetrahedral prism with dihedral summits. 

DITH'Y-RAMB, or DITH-Y-RAMB'US, n. [Gr. hdvpaix- 
fios.] In ancient poetry, a hymn in honor of Bacchus. 

DITH-Y-RAMB'I€, w. 1. A song in honor of Bacchus, in 
which the wildness of intoxication is imitated. 2. Any 
poem written in wild, enthusiastic strains. 

DTTH-Y-RAMB'I€, a. Wild ; enthusiastic. Cowley. 

Di"TION, 71. [L. ditio.] Rule ; power ; government ; do- 
minion. Evelyn, 

Dl'TONE, n. [Gr. Sig and rovos,] In music, an interval 
comprehending two tones. 

DIT-RI-He'DRI-A, n. [Gr. Sig, rpeig and eSpa.] In min- 
eralogy, a genus of spars, with six sides or planes. 

DIT-TAN'DER, n> Pepper-wort, lepidium, a genus of 
plants. Encyc, 

DIT'TA-NY, n. [L. dictamnus,] A plant. 

DIT'TIED, a. Sung ; adapted to music. Milton. 

DIT'TO, contracted into do, in books of accounts, is the 
Italian detto, from L. dictum, dicius, said. It denotes 
said, aforesaid, or the same thing; an abbreviation used 
to save repetition. 

DIT'TY, n. A song ; a sonnet ; or a little poem to be sung. 

DIT'TY, V. i To sing ; to warble a little tune. Herbert. 

Dl-U-RET'I€, a, [Gr. SiovpvnKog,] Having the power to 
provoke urine ; tending to produce discharges of urine. 

Dl-U-RET'IC, 71. A medicine that provokes urine. 

Dl-URN'AL, a. [L. diurnus.] I. Relating to a day ; per- 
taining to the day time 2. Daily ; happening every day ; 
performed in a day. 3 Performed in 24 hours. — 4. In 
medicine, an epithet of diseases whose exacerbations are 
m the day time. 

Dl-URN'AL, n. A day-book ; a journal. See Journal. 

t Di-URN'AL-IST, n, A journalist. Hall. 

Dl-URN'AL-LY, adv. Daily ; every day. 

Dl-U-TURN'AL, a. Lasting ; being of long continuance. 

DT-U-TURN'I-TY, n. [L. diutumitas.] Length of time ; 
long duration. Brown. 

DI-VAN', n. [Ar., Pers. diiDan."] 1. Among the Turks and 
other orientals, a court of justice, or a council. 2. A coun- 
cil-chamber ; a hall ; a court. 3. Any council assembled. 

DI-VAR'I-€ATE, v. i. [L. divaricatus.] To open ; to fork ; 
to part into two branches. 

DI-VAR'I-€ATE, v. t. To divide into two branches. 

DI-VAR'I-CATE, a. In botany, standing out wide. 

DI-VAR'I-€A-TED, pp. Parted into two branches. 

DI-VAR'T-€A-TING, ppr. Parting; into two branches. 

DI-VAR-I-€a'TION, n. I. A parting ; a forking ; a separa- 
tion into two branches. 2. A crossing or intersection of 
fibres at dilFerent angles. 

DIVE, V. i. [Sax. dyfan,] I. To descend or plunge into wa- 
ter, as an animal head first ; to thrust the body into water 
or other liquor, or, if already in water, to plunge deeper. 
2. To go deep into any subject. 3. To plunge into any 
business or condition, so as to be thoroughly engaged in 
it. 4. To sink ; to penetrate. 

DIVE, V. t. To explore by diving. [Rare.'] Denham. 

Di'VEL, n. A large cartilaginous fish, with a bifurcated 
snout. 

DI-VEL'LENT, a. [L. divellens.} Drawing asunder ; sep- 
arating. 

DT-VEL'LI-€ATE, v. t. To pull in pieces. 

DiV'ER, n. 1. One who dives ; one who plunges head first 
into water ; one who sinks by elfort. 2. One who goes 
deep into a subject, or enters deep into study. 3. A fowl, 
so called from diving. 

t Dx'VERB, 71. A proverb. Burton. 

DI-VER6E', (di-verjO v. i. [i.. diverge.'] To tend from one 
point and recede from each other ; to shoot, extend or 
proceed from a point in different directions, or not in par- 
allel lines. 

DI-VERG'ENCE, n. A receding from each other ; a going 
farther apart. Gregory. 

DI-VER6'ENT, a. Departing or receding from each otlier, 
as lines which proceed from the same point. 

DI-VER6'ING, ppr Receding from each other, as they pro- 
ceed. 

DI-VER6'ING-LY, adv. In a diverging manner. 



DI'VERS, a. [Pr. divers ; L. dioersus.] 1. Different ; va»% 
ous. [This IS now generally written diverse.] 2. Several ,' 
sundry ; more than one, but not a great number. 

Di'VERS-CoL'ORED, a. Having various colors. Shak. 

Dl'VERSE, a. [L. diversus.] 1. Different ; differing. 2. Dif- 
ferent from itself; various ; multiform. 3. In different di- 
rections. 

t DI-VERSE', (di-vers') v. i. To turn aside. Spenser. 

DI-VERS-I-FI-€a'TION, n. 1 . The act of changing forma 
or qualities, or of making various. 2. Variation ; variega- 
tion. 3. Variety of forms. 4. Change ; alteration. 

DI-VERS'I-FiED, pp. 1. Made various in form or qualities ; 
variegated ; altered. 2. a. Distinguished by various forms, 
or by a variety of objects. 

DI-VERS'I-FORM, a. [L. diversus a,nd forma.'] Of a differ- 
ent form ; of various forms. Diet. 

DI-VERS'I-F'?, V. t. [Fr. diversifier.] 1. To make different 
or various in form or qualities ; to give variety to ; to va- 
riegate. 2. To give diversity to ; to distinguish by differ 
ent things.— 3. In oratory, to vary a subject, by enlarging 
on what has been briefly stated, by brief recapitulation, 
by adding new ideas, by transposing words or periods, 
&c. 

Dl-VERS'I-FY-ING, ppr. Making various in form or quau- 
ties ; giving variety to ; variegating. 

DI-VER'SION, «. [Fr.] 1. The act of turning aside from 
any course. 2. That which diverts ; that wTiich turns or 
draws tlie mind from care, business or study, and thus re- 
laxes and amuses ; sport ; play ; pastime ; whatever un- 
bends the mind.— 3. In war, the act of drawing the atten- 
tion and force of an enemy from the point where the prin- 
cipal attack is to be made. 

DI-VERS'I-TY, n. [L. diversitas.] 1. Difference ; dissimili 
tude ; unlikeness. 2. Variety. 3. Distinct beipg, as op 
posed to identity. 4. Variegation. 

DI'VERS-LY, adv. 1. In different ways ; differently ; vari 
ously. 2. In different directions ; to different points. 

DI-VERT', v. t. [L. diverto.] 1. To turn off from any 
course, direction or intended application ; to turn aside. 
2. To turn the mind from business or study ; hence, to 
please ; to amuse ; to entertain ; to exhilarate. 3. To 
draw the forces of an enemy to a different point. 4. To 
subvert ; [not in 21.se.] Shak. 

DI-VERT'ED, pp. Turned aside ; turned or drawn from any 
course, or from the usual or intended direction ; pleased ; 
amused ; entertained. 

DI-VERT'ER, 71. He or that which diverts, turns off, or 
pleases. 

t DI-VERT'I-€LE, n. [L. diverticulum.] A turning ; a by- 
way. Hale. 

DI-VERT'ING, ppr. 1. Turning off from any course ; pleas- 
ing ; entertaining. 2. a. Pleasing ; amusing ; entertain- 
ing. 

* t Di-VER-TlSE', V. t. [Fr. divertir.] To divert ; to please. 
Dryden . 

DI-VJERT'ISE-MENT, n. Diversion. [Little used.] Ori- 
ginally, a certain air or dance between the acts of the 
French opera, or a musical composition. 

DI-VERT'IVE, a. Tending to divert ; amusing. 

DI-VEST', 7;. t. [Fr. devetir.] 1. To strip of clothes, arms 
or equipage ; opposed to invest. 2. To deprive. 3. To 
deprive or strip of any thing that covers, surrounds or at- 
tends ; as, to divest one of his glory. 

DI-VEST'ED, pp. Stripped ; undressed ; deprived. 

DI-VEST'ING, ppr. Stripping ; putting off; depriving. 

DT-VEST'I-TURE, ) n. The act of stripping, putting off, or 

DI-VEST'URE, \ depriving. Boyle. 

DI-VID'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be divided; 2. Separate ; 
parted ; [not used.] Shak. 

fDi-VID'ANT, a. Different; separate. Shak. 

DI-ViDE', V. t. [L. divido.] I. To part or separate an entire 
thing ; to part a thing into two or more pieces. 2. To 
cause to be separate ; to keep apart by a partition, or by an 
imaginary line or limit. 3. To make partition of, among 
a number. 4. To open ; to cleave. 5. To disunite in 
opinion or interest ; to make discordant. 6. To distribute ; 
to separate and bestow in parts or shares. 7. To make 
dividends ; to apportion the interest or profits of stock 
among proprietors. 8. To separate into two parts, for as- 
certaining opinions for and against a measure. 

DI-VlDE', V. i. 1. To part ; to open ; to cleave. 2. To break 
friendship. Shak. 3. To vote by the division of a legisla- 
tive house into two parts. Oibbon. 

DI-ViD'ED,,p7>. Parted ; disunited ; distributed. 

DI-VrD'ED-LY, adv. Separately. Knatchbull. 

DIV'I-DEND, n. 1. A part or share ; particularly, the share 
of the interest or profit of stock in trade or other employ- 
ment, which belongs to each proprietor according to his 
proportion of the stock or capital.— 2. In arithmetic, the 
number to be divided into equal parts. 

DI-VID'ER, n. 1. He or that which divides ; that which 
separates into parts. 2. A distributor ; one who deals out 
to each his share. 3. He or that which disunites. 4. A 
kind of compasses. 



* See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in fftis t ObsotHe 



DIV 



268 



DOC 



DI-VID'INGr, ■ppr. 1. Parting ; separating ; distributing ; dis- 
uniting ; apportioning to each his sliare, 2. a. That indi- 
cates separation or difference. 

DI-VID'ING, n. Separation. 

DI-VID'U-AL, a. [L, di'oiiuus.'\ Divided, shared or parti- 
cipated in common with others. \Little used.'\ 

DIV-I-Na'TION, 71. [L. dimnaiAoP^ 1. The act of divining ; 
a foretelling future events, or discovering things secret or 
obscure, by the aid of superior beings, or by other than 
human means. 2. Conjectural presage ; prediction. Skak. 

DIV'I-NA-TOR, n. One who pretends to divination. 

DI-VIN'A-TO-RY, a. Professing divination. 

DI-VlNE*, a. [L. dlvvmis.'] 1. Pertaining to the true God. 
2. Pertaining to a heathen deity, or to false gods. 3. Par- 
taking of the nature of God. 4. Proceeding from God ; as, 
divine judgments. 5. Godlike ; heavenly ; excellent in 
the highest degree ; extraofc-dinary ; apparently above 
what is human. 6. Presageful ; foreboding ; prescient ; 
\not use,d.'\ 7. Appropriated to God, or celebrating his 
praise. 

DI-ViNE', w. 1. A minister of the gospel ; a priest ; a cler- 
gyman. 2. A man skilled in divinity ; a theologian. 

DI-ViNE', V. t. [L. divino.] 1. To foreknow ; to foretell ; 
to presage. 2. To deify ; [not in use.'] Spenser. 

DI-VINE', V. i. I. To use or practice divination. 2. To ut- 
ter presages or prognostications. 3. To have presages or 
forebodings. 4 To guess or conjecture. 

DI-VlNE'LY, adv. 1. In a divine or godlike manner ; in a 
manner resembling deify. 3. By the agency or influence 
of God. 3. Excellently ; in the supreme degree. 

DI-VlNE'NESS, 71. 1. Divinity ; participation of the divine 
nature ; [little used.] 2. Excellence in the supreme de- 
gree. 

DI-VlN'ER, 71. I. One who professes divination ; one who 
pretends to predict events, or to reveal occult things, by 
the aid of superior beings, or of supernatural means. 2. 
One who guesses ; a conjecturer. 

DI-ViNE'RESS, 71. A female diviner ; a woman professing 
divination. Dryden. 

DIVING, ppr. 1. Plunging or sinking into water or other 
liquid ; applied to animals on^tf. 2. Going deep info a sub- 
ject. 

DIVING-BELL, n. A hollow vessel, in form of a truncated 
cone or pyramid, with the smaller base close, and the 
larger one open, in which a pei-son may descend into deep 
water, and remain till the inclosed air ceases to be respir- 
able. 

DI-VlN'I-FlED, a. Participating of the divine nature. 

DI-VIN'I-TY, n. [L. diviintas.] 1. The state of being di- 
vine ; Deity ; Godhead ; the nature or essence of God. 
2. God ; the Deity ; the Supreme Being. 3. A false god ; 
a pretended deity of pagans. 4. A celestial being, inferior 
to the Supreme God, but superior to man. 5. Something 
supernatural. 6. The science of divine things ; the sci- 
ence which unfolds the character of God, his laws and 
moral government, the duties of man, and the v/ay of sal- 
vation ; theology. 

DI-VIS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. divisibiUte.] The quality of be- 
ing divisible ; the property of bodies by which their parts 
or component particles are capable of separation. 

DI-VIS'[-BLE, a. [h. dlvinbilis.] Capable of division ; that 
may be separated or disunited ; separable. 

DI-VIS'I-BLE-NESS, n. Divisibility 5 capacity of being 
separated. 

DI-Vi"SJON, 71. [h.divisio.] L The act of dividing or sep- 
arating into parts, any entire body. 2. The state of being 
divided. 3. That which divides or separates ; that which 
keeps apart ; partition. 4, The part separated from the 
rest by a partition or line, real or imaginary. 5. A sep- 
arate body of men. 6. A part or distinct portion. 7. A 
part of an army or militia. 8. A part of a fleet, or a select 
number of ships under a commander, and distinguished 
by a particular flag or pendant. 9. Disunion ; discord ; 
variance ; difference. 10. Space between the notes of 
music, or the dividing of the tones. IL Distinction. 12. 
The separation of voters in a legislative house.— 13. In 
arithmetic, the dividing of a number or quantity into any 
parts assigned ; or the rule by which is found how many 
times one number is contained in another. 

DI-Vi"SION-AL, ) a. Pertaining to division : noting or 

DI-Vi''SION-A-RY, ^ making division. 

t DI-W'SION-ER, n. One who divides. Sheldon. 

DI-Vl'STVE, a. 1. Forming division or distribution. Mede. 
2. Creating division or discord. Burnet. 

DI-Vr'SOR, 71. In arithmetic, the number by which the div- 
idend is divided. 

DI-VoRCE', 71 [Fr. divorce.'] I. A legal dissolution of the 
bonds of matrimony, or the separation of husband and 
wife by a judicial sentence. 2. The separation of a mar- 
ried woman from the bed and board of her husband, a 
mensa et thoro. 3. Separation ; disunion of things closely 
United. 4. The sentence or writing by which marriage is 
dissolved. 5. The cause of any penal separation. 

DI-VoRCE', V. t. 1. To dissolve the marriage contract, and 



thus to separate husband and wife. 2. To separate, as a 
married woman from the bed and board of her husband 
3. To separate or disunite things closely connected ; to 
force asunder. 4. To take away 3 to put away. 

DI-VoR'CED, (de-v6rst') pp. Separated by a dissolution of 
the marriage contract ; separated from bed and board j 
parted ; forced asunder. 

DI-VORCE'MENT, ?i. Divorce ; dissolution of the marriage 
tie. 

DI-VoR'CER, n. 1. The person or cause that produces di- 
vorce. 2. One of a sect called divorcers, said to have 
sprung from Milton. 

DI-VoR'CING, ppr. Dissolving the marriage contract ; sep- 
arating from bed and board ; disuniting. 

DI-VoR'CIYE, a. Having power to divorce. Milton. 

DI-VUL'GATE, a. Published. [Little used.] 

DIV-UL-Ga'TION, 71. The act of divulging or publishing. 

DI-VUL6E', (de-vulj') v. t. [L. divulgo.] 1. Tomake public ; 
to tell or make known something before private or secret j 
to reveal ; to disclose. 2. To declare by a public act ; to 
proclaim ; [unusual.] 

DI-VUL'GED, (de-vulj .1') pp. Made public; revealed j dis- 
closed ; published. 

DI-VUL'6ER, n. One who divulges or reveals. 

DI-VUL'GING, ppr. Disclosing ; publishing ; revealing. 

DI-VUL'SION, 71. [L. divulsio.] The act of pulling or 
plucking awav ; a rending asunder. 

DI-VUL'SIVE,'a. That pulls asunder ; that rends. 

DIZ'EN, (diz'n) v. t. To dress gayly ; to deck. Swift. This 
word is nearly obsolete. 

fDIZZ, V. t. To astonish ; to puzzle ; tomake dizzy. 

t DIZ'ZARD, 71. A blockhead. 

DIZ'ZI-NESS, 71. Giddiness ; a whirling in the head ; ver- 
tigo. 

DIZ'ZY, a. [Sax. dysi, or dysig.] 1. Giddy ; having a sensa- 
tion of whirling in the head, with instability or proneness 
to fall; vertiginous. 2. Causing giddiness. 3. Giddy; 
thoughtless ; heedless. 

DIZ'ZY, V. t. To whirl round ; to make giddy ; to confuse. 

DO, V. t. or auxiliary ; pret. did ; pp. done. This verb, 
when transitive, is formed in the indicative present tense, 
thus, I do, thou doest, he does, or doth ; when auxiliary, 
the second person is, thou dost. [Sax. don ; D. doen.] 1. 
To perform ; to execute ; to carry into effect. 2. To prac- 
tice ; to perform. 3. To perform for the benefit or injury 
of another; with for or to. 4. To execute ; to discharge • 
to convey. 5. To perform ; to practice ; to observe. 6. To 
exert. 7. To transact. 8. To finish ; to execute or trans- 
act and bring to a conclusion. 9. To perform in an exigen- 
cy ; to have recourse to, as a consequential or last effort ; to 
take a step or measure. 10. To make or cause ; [obs.] 11. 
To put; [obs.] 12. To answer the purpose. — To have to 
do, to have concern with.— To do with, to dispose of; to 
make use of ; to employ. — To do away, to remove ; to de- 
stroy ; as, to do away imperfections. 

DO, V. i. 1. To act or behave, in any manner, well or ill ; 
to conduct one's self. 2. To fare ; to be m a state with 
regard to sickness or health. 3. To succeed ; to accom- 
plish a purpose. Also, to fit ; to be adapted. — To have to 
do with, to have concern or business with ; to deal with. 
Also, to have carnal commerce with.— Do is used for a 
verb, to save the repetition of it.— X>o is also used in the 
imperative, to express an urgent request or command. — 
As an auxiliary, do is used in asking questions. — Do is 

also used to express emphasis Do is sometimes a mere 

expletive. 

DO, 71. See Dos and Ado. 

Do'LIT-TLE, 71. A term of contempt for him who professes 
much and performs little. 

DoAT. See Dote. 

* Do'CI-BLE, a. Teachable ; docile ; tractable ; easily 
taught or managed. Milton. 

jDo'CENT, a. ['L. docens.] Teaching. Mp. Laud. 
DOC-I-BIL'I-TY, ) 71. Teachableness ; docility ; readiness 
Do'CI-BLE-NESS, \ to learn. 

* Do'ClLE, or DOCILE, a. [L. docilis.] Teachable ; easily 

instructed ; ready to learn ; tractable ; easily managed. 

DO-CIL'I-TY, 71. Teachableness ; readiness to learn ; apt- 
ness to be taught. 

Do'CI-MA-CY, 71. [Gr. SoKi/xacna.] The art or practice of as- 
saying metals ; metallurgy. 

DO-CI-MAS'Tie, a. [Gr. SoKiixaarLKos.] Properly, assay 
ing, proving by experiments, or relating to the assaying of 
metals. 

DOCK, 71. [Sax. docce.] A genus of plants. 

DOCK, V. t. [W. tociaw, and twciaw.] 1. To cut off, as 
the end of a thing ; to curtail ; to cut short ; to clip. 2. 
To cut off" a part ; to shorten ; to deduct from. 3. To cut 
off", destroy or defeat ; to bar. 4. To bring, draw or place 
a ship in a dock. 

DOCK, 71. 1. The tail of a beast cut short or clipped ; the 
stump of a tail ; the solid part of the tail. 2. A case of 
leather to cover a horse's dock. 



Svnpvsis. A. E, T, o, U, Y, long.— FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— j Obsolete 



*See 



DOD 



269 



DOG 



DOCK, n. A broad, deep, trench on the side of a harbor, 
or bank of a river, in which ships are built or repaired. 
—In America, the spaces between wharves are called 
docks, 

DO€K'-YARD, n. A yard, or magazine, near a harbor, for 
containing all kinds of naval stores and timber. 

DO€K'ET, n. [W. tociaw ] 1. A small piece of paper or 
parchment, containing the heads of a writing Also, a 
subscription at the foot of letters patent, by the clerk of 
the dockets. 2. A bill, tied to goods, containing some di- 
rection. 3. An alphabetical list of cases in a court, or a 
catalogue of the names of the parties who have suits de- 
pending in a court. 

DO€K'ET, V. t. 1. To make an abstract or summary of the 
heads of a writing or writings ; to abstract and enter in a 
book. Blackstone. 2. To enter in a docket; to mark the 
contents of papers on the back of them. 3. To mark with 
a docket. Chesterfield. 

DO€K'ING, ppr. Clipping; cutting off the end ; placing in 
a dock. 

DO€K'ING, n. The act of drawing, as a ship, into a dock. 

DO€'TOR, n. [L.,from<Zoceo.] 1. A teacher. 2. One who 
has passed all the degrees of a faculty, and is empowered 
to practice and teach it ; as a doctor in divinity, in physic, 
in law ; or, according to modern usage, a person who has 
received the highest degree in a faculty. 3. A learned 
man ; a man skilled in a profession ; a man of erudition. 

4. A physician ; one whose occupation is to cure diseases. 

5. The title doctor is given to certain fathers of the 
church, whose opinions are received as authorities. — Doc- 
tors^ Commons, the college of civilians in London. 

DOO'TOR, V. t. To apply medicines for the cure of dis- 
eases. [^A popular use of this word, but not elegayit.'] 

DOe'TOR, V. i. To practice physic. [Jfot elegant.] 

DO€'TOR-AL, a. Relating to the degiee of a doctor. 

DO€'TOR-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of a doctor. 

DO€'TOR-ATE, w. The degree of a doctor. Encyc. 

DOe'TOR-ATE, v. t. To make a doctor by conferring a 
degree. Warton. 

DOO'TOR-LY, a. Like a learned man. Bp. Hall. 

DO€'TOR-SHIP, n. The degree or rank of a doctor. 

DOO'TRESS, or DO€ TOR-ESS, n. A female physician. 

DOe'TRI-NAL, a. 1. Pertaining to doctrine ; containing a 
doctrine or something taught. 2. Pertaining to the act or 
means of teaching, 

DOe'TRI-NAL, 71. Something that is a part of doctrine. 

DO€'TRI-NAL-LY, adv. In the form of doctrine or instruc- 
tion ; by way of teaching or positive direction. 

DOCTRINE, n. [L. doctrina.] 1. Whatever is taught; a 
principle or position in any science ; whatever is laid 
down as true by an instructor or master. 2. The act of 
teaching. 3. Learning; knowledge. 4. The truths of 
the gospel in general. 5. Instruction and confirmation in 
the truths of the gospel. 

DOC'tT-MENT, n. [L. documentum.] 1. Precept ; instruc- 
tion ; direction. 2. Dogmatical precept ; authoritative 
dogma. — 3. More generally, in present usage, written in- 
struction, evidence or proof; any official or authoritative 
paper containing instructions or proof, for mformation and 
the establishment of facts. 

DOe'U-MENT, V. t. 1. To furnish with documents ; to fur- 
nish with instructions and proofs, or with papers neces- 
sary to establish facts. 2. To teach ; to instruct ; to direct. 
Dryden. 

DO€-U-MENT'AL, a. Pertaining to instruction or to docu- 
ments ; consisting in or derived from documents. 

DO€-U-MENT'A-RY, a. Pertaining to written evidence; 
consisting in documents. 

DODD, V. t. To dodd sheep, is to cut the wool away about 
their tails. Brockett. 

DOD'DER, n. [G. dotter.] A plant of the genus cuscuta. 

DOD'DED, a. Without horns ; applied to sheep. An abbre- 
viation of doe-headed. 

DOD'DERED, a. Overgrown with dodder; covered with 
supercrescent plants. Dryden. 

DO-DE€'A-GON, n. [Gr. SwScKa and ywvia.] A regular 
figure or polygon, having twelve equal sides and an- 
gles. 

DO-DE€'A-GYN, n. [Gr. SoySsKa and yvvT/.] In botany, a 
plant having twelve pistils. 

DO-DEC-A-GYN'I-AN, a. Having twelve pistils. 

DO-DE€-A-He'DRAL, a. Pertaining to a dodecahedron ; 
consisting of twelve equal sides. 

DO-DE€-A-He'DRON, n. [Gr. SmSeku and eSpa.] A reg- 
ular solid contained under twelve equal and regular penta- 
gons, or having twelve equal bases. 

D0-DE-€AN'DER, 71. [Gr. SoiSeKa and avvp.] In botany, 
a plant having twelve stamens. 

D0-DE-€AN'DRI-AN, a. Pertaining to the plants or class 
of plants that have twelve stamens, or from twelve to 
nineteen. 

DO-DEe'A-TE-MORI-ON, n. [Gr. ^wJeacctos and juopiov.] 
A twelfth part. [Little used.] Creech. 



DO-DEe-A-TEM'O-RY, n. A denomination sometimes 
given to each of the twelve signs of the zodiac. 

DODGE, (doj) v.i. 1. To start suddenly aside; to shift 
place by a sudden start. 2. To play tricks ; to be evasive ; 
to use tergiversation ; to play fast and loose ; to raise ex- 
pectations and disappoint them ; to quibble. 

DODGE, V. t. To evade by a sudden shift o-f place ; to 
escape by starting aside. 

DODG'E-RY, 71. Trick. Racket. 

DODG'ER, n. One who dodges or evades. 

BOB^ lliG, ppr. Starting aside ; evading 

DOD'KIN, 71. A little doit ; a small coin. 

DOD'MAN, 71, A fish that casts its shell. 

Do'DO, 71. The didus, a genus of fowls of the gallinaceous 
order. 

DoE, (do) n. [Sax. da ,• Dan. daa.] A she deer ; the fe- 
male of the fallow-deer. The male is called a biick. 

t DOE, n. A feat. Hudibras. 

iDO'ER, 71. 1 One who does; one who performs or exe- 
cutes ; an actor ; an agent. 2. One who performs what 
is required ; one who observes, keeps or obeys, in prac 
tice. 

Does, (duz) The third person singular of the verb do, 
indicative mode, present tense. 

DOFF, V. t. [D. doffen.] 1. To put off, as dress. 2. To 
strip or divest. 3. To put or thrust away, to get rid of. 
4. To put off ; to shift off; with a view to delay. 

DOG, n. [Fr. dogue.] 1. A species of quadrupeds, belong- 
ing to the genus cams, of many varieties, as the mas- 
tiff, the hound, the spaniel, the shepherd's dog, the ter- 
rier, the harrier, the bloodhound, &c. 2. It is used for 
male, when applied to several other animals ; as, a dog- 
fox. 3. An andiron, so named from the figure of a dog's 
head on the top. 4. A terra of reproach or contempt 
given to a man. 5. A constellation called Sinus or Canic- 
ula. 6. An iron hook or bar with a sharp iang, used by 
seamen. 7. An iron used by sawyers to fasten a log of 
timber in a saw-pit. 8. A gay young man ; a buck ; [jwt 
in use.] — To give or throw to the dogs, is to throw away, 
as useless. — I'o go to the dogs, is to be ruined. 

DOG, V. t. To hunt ; to follow insidiously or indefatigably ; 
to follow close ; to urge ; to woiTy wiUi importunity. 

Do'GATE, 71. The office or dignity of a doge. Encyc. 

DOG'BANE, 71. A plant. Miller. 

DOG'BER-RY, 71. The berry of the dog-wood. 

DOG'BER-RY-TREE, n. The dog-wood. 

DOG'BoLT, 71. A word of contempt, applied to persons 
Beaumont. 

DOG'BRI-ER, 71. The brier that bears the hip. 

DOG'-€AB-BAGE, 71. A plant in the south of Europe. 

DOG'CHeAP, a. Cheap as dog's meat, or offal. 

DOG'DaY, 71. One of the days when Sinus, or the dogstar, 
rises and sets with the sun. — The dogdays commence the 
latter part of July, and end the beginning of September. 

DOG'DRAW, 71. A manifest deprehension of an offender 
againstthe venison in the forest, when he is found draw- 
ing after the deer by the scent of a hound. Cowel. 

DOGE, 71. [It. ; L. diiz.] The chief magistrate of Venice 
and Genoa. 

DOG'FlGHT, 71. A battle between two dogs. 

DOG'FISH, 71. A name of several species of shark. 

DOG'FISH-ER, 71. A kind offish. Walton. 

DOG'FLY, 71. A voracious, biting fly. 

DOG'GED, pp. 1. Pursued closely ; urged frequently and 
importunately. 2. a. Sullen ; sour ; morose ; surly ; se- 
vere. Shak. 

DOG'GED-LY, adv. Sullenly ; gloomily ; sourly ; morosely ; 
severely. 

DOG'GED-NESS, 71. Sullenness ; moroseness. 

DOG'GER, n. A Dutch fishing vessel used in the German 
ocean, particularly in the herring fishery. 

DOG'GER-EL, a. An epithet given to a kind of loose, ir- 
regular measure in burlesque poetry, like that of Hudibras. 
Addison. 

DOG'GER-EL, 71. A loose, irregular kind of poetry ; used 
in burlesque. Swift. 

DOG GER-MAN, n. A sailor belonging to a dogger. 

DOG'GERS, 71. In English alum works, a sort of stone 
found in the mines with the true alum-rock 

DOG'GING, ppr. Hunting ; pursuing incessantly. 

DOG'GISH, a. Like a dog ; churlish ; growling; snappish ; 
brutal. 

DOG'HEART-ED, a. Cruel ; pitiless ; malicious. 

DOG'HOLE, 71. A place fit only for dogs. Dryden. 

DOG'HOUSE, 71. A kennel for dogs. Overbury. 

DOG'KEEP-ER, ti. One who has the management of dogs 

DOG'KEN-NEL, 71. A kennel or Lut for dogs. 

DOG'LeACH, 71. A dog-doctor. Beaumont. 

DOG'LOUSE, 71. An insect that is found on dogs. 

t DOG'LY, a. Like a dog. 

DOG '-MAD, a. Mad as a dog. 

DOG'MA, 71. [Gr. ^oyu.a.] A settled opinion; a principle, 
maxim or tf net ; a doctrinal notion, particularlj' in mat- 
ters of faith and philosophy. 



See Synopsis. M5VE, BO9K, DoVE ;— PIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete . 



DOL 



270 



DOM 



DOG-MAT'I€, ia.l. Pertaining to a dogma, or to set- 

DOG-MAT'I-€AL, j tied opinion. 2. Positive j magiste- 
rial , asserting or disposed to assert witli authority or with 
overbearing and arrogance. 3. Positive ; asserted with 
authority; tuthoritativ3. 4. Arrogant; overbearing in 
asserting and maintaining opinions. 

DOG-MAT'ie, n. One of a sect of physicians, called also 
dogmatists, in contradistinction to Empirics and Metho- 
dists. 

DOG-MAT'I-€ALr-LY, adv. Positively ; in a magisterial 
manner ; arrogantly.- 

DOG-MAT'T-€AL,-NESS, n. The quality of bemg dogmat- 
ical ; positiveness. 

DOG'ilA-TISM, n. Positive assertion ; arrogance ; positive- 
ness in opinion. 

DOG'MA-TIST, w. A positive asserter ; a magisterial teach- 
er ; a bold or arrogant advancer of principles. 

DOG'MA-TiZE, v. i. To assert positively ; to teach with 
bold and undue confidence ; to advance with arrogance. 

DOG MA-TlZ-ER, n. One who dogmatizes ; a bold asserter ; 
a magisterial teacher. Hammond. 

DOG'MA-TlZ-ING, ppr. Asserting with excess of confi- 
dence. 

DOG'ROSE, 71. The flower of the hip. Derham. 

DOG'S'-BANE, n. [Gx. a-oicvvov.'] A genus of plants. 

DOG'S'-eAR, n. The corner of a leaf in a book turned 
do^vn like a dog's ear 

D0G'SI€K, a. Sick as a dog. 

DOG'SKm, a. Made of the skin of a dog. Tatler. 

DOG'SLEEJ", n. Pretended sleep. Addison. 

DOG'S'-MeAT, n. Refuse ; offal ; meat for dogs. 

DOG'S'-RuE, 71. A plant, a species of scrophularia. 

DOG'STXR, n. Sirius, a star of the first magnitude, whose 
rising and setting with the sun give name to the dogdays. 

DOG'SToNES, n. A plant, the orchis, or fool-stones. 

DOG'TOOTH, n. .-^'Zw. Dogteeth. A sharp-pointed human 
tooth growing between the foreteeth and grinders, and 
resembling a dog's tooth. 

DOGTOOTH-Vl'O-LET, n. A plant, the erythronimi. 

DOG'TRI€K, 71. A currish trick ; brutal treatment. 

DOG'TROT, 7!. A gentle trot like that of a dog. 

DOG'VANE, n. Among seamen, a small vane composed of 
thread, cork and feathers. 

DOG'WATCH, n. Among seamen, a watch of two hours. 
The dogwatches are two reliefs between 4 and 8 o'clock, 
P. M. _ 

DOG'WeA-RY, a. Quite tired ; much fatigued. 

DOG'WOOD, 71. A common name of different species of 
the cor'a'us, or cornelian cherry. 

DOG^WOOD-TREE, n. The piscidia erythrina. 

UOI'LY,' 71. 1. A species of woolen stuff. 2. Linen made 
into a small napkin. 

Do'ING, ppr. Performing ; executing. 

DOINGS, 71. plu. 1. Things done ; transactions; feats; 
actions, good or bad. 2. Behavior ; conduct. 3. Stir ; 
bustle. 

DOIT, 71. [D. (fiiit.l 1. A small piece of money. 2. Atrifle. 

DO-LAB'RI-FORM, a. [h. dolabraanifarma.] Having the 
form of an axe or hatchet. 

DOLE, ?i. [Sax. dal : Russ. dolia.'] 1. The act of dealing or 
distributing ; [jiot in use.] 2. That which is dealt or dis- 
tributed ; a part, share or portion. 3. That which is given 
in charity ; gratuity. 4. Blows dealt out. 5. Boundary ; 

inot in use.] 6. A void space left in tillage ; [local.] 
OLE, n. [li. dolor.] Grief; sorrow. Milton. 

t DOLE, V. t. To deal ; to distribute. 

DoLE'FjjL, a. [dole and full.] L Sorrowful ; expressing 
grief. 2. Melancholy; sad; afflicted. 3. Dismal ; im- 
pressing sorrow ; gloomy. 

DoLE'FTJL-LY, adv. In" a doleful manner ; sorrowfully ; 
dismally ; sadly. 

DoLE'FUL-NESS, n. Sorrow ; melancholy ; querulous- 
ness ; gloominess ; dismalness. 

fDoLE.NT, a. [1.. dolens.] Sorrowful. 

Dole Some, a. Gloomy; dismal; sorrowful; doleful. 

DoLE'SoME-LY, adv. In a dolesome manner. 

DoLE'SoME-XESS, n. Gloom ; dismalness. 

DOLL, 71. [W. delw.] A puppet or baby for a child. 

DOL'LAR, n. [G. thaler : D. daalder.] A silver coin of 
Spain and of the United States, of the value of one hundred 
cents or four shillings and sixpence sterling. 

DOL'0-MiTE, n. A magnesian carbonate of lime. 

DO'LOR, n. FL.l Pain; grief; lamentation. Shak. 

DOL-0-RIF'ER-t)US, a. [L. dolor and fero.] Producing 
pain. 

DOL-0-RIF'I€, a. [L. dolorificus.] 1. That causes pain or 
grief. 2. Expressmg pain or grief. 

D0L-0-RIF'I-€AL, o. Dolorific. Cockeram. 

DOL'OR-OUS, a. 1. Sorrowful ; doleful ; dismal ; impress- 
ing sorrow or grief. 2. Painful ; giving pain. 3. Ex- 
pressing pain or grief. 

DOL OR-OUS-LY, adv. Sorrowfully ; in a manner to ex- 
press pain. 

DOL'PHIN, 71. [L. delphin, or delphinns.] 1. A genus of 



cetaceous fish, with teeth in both jaws, and a pipe In th» 
head, comprehending the dolphin, the porpess, the gram- 
pus and the beluga. — 2. In ancient Greece, a machine 
suspended over the sea, to be dropped on any vessel 
passing under it. 

DOL'PHIN-ET, 77. A female dolpliin. Speiiser. 

DoLT, n. [G. tolpel ; Sax. dol.] A heavy, stupid fellow ; a 
blockhead; a thick-skull. Bwift. 

DoLT, V. i. To waste time foolishly ; to behave foolishly. 

DoLTLSH, a. Dull in intellect; stupid ; blockish. 

DoLT'ISH-NESS, n. Stupidity. 

DOM, used as a termination, denotes jurisdiction, or prop- 
erty and jurisdiction ; primarily, doom, judgment ; as in 
kingdom. 

DO-MaIN', 71. [Fr. domaine.] 1. Dominion ; empire ; ter- 
ritory governed, or under the government of a sovereign. 
2. Possession ; estate. 3. The land about the mansion 
house of a lord, and in his immediate occupancy. 

Do'MAL, a. [L. domus.] Pertaining to house inastrology. 

DOME, 71. [Fr. dome.] 1. A building ; a house ; a fabric. 
2. A cathedral. — 3. In architecture, a sphehcsi roof, raised 
over the middle of a building ; a cupola. — 4. In chemistry y 
the upper part of a furnace, resembUng a hollow hemi 
sphere or small dome. 

DoMES'DAY. See Doomsday. 

t DojMES'MAN, 71. A judge ; an umpire. 

DO-MES'TI€, a. [L.domesticiis.] 1. Belonging to the house, 
or home ; pertaining to one's place of residence, and to 
the family. 2. Remaining much at home ; living in re- 
tirement. 3. Living near the habitations of man ; tame ; 
not wild. 4. Pertaining to a nation considered as a fam- 
ily, or to one's own country ; intestine ; not foreign. 
5. Made in one's own house, nation or country. 

DO-MES'TI€, 71. One who lives in the family of another, 
as a chaplain or secretary. Also, a servant or hired labor- 
er, residing with a family. 

DO-MES'TI-eAL. The same as domestic. 

DO-MES'TI-€AL-LY, adv. In relation to domestic affaire 

DO-MES'TI-€A-NT, a. Forming part of the same family 
Sir E. Dering. 

DO-MES'TI-€ATE, v. t. 1. To make domestic ; to retire 
from the public ; to accustom to remain much at home. 
2. To make familiar, as if at home. 3. To accustom to 
live near the habitations of man ; to tame. 

DO-MES-TI-Ca TION, n. 1. The act of withdrawing from 
the public notice, and living much at home. 2. The act 
of taming or reclaiming wild animals. 

DOM'I-CIL, n. [L. domicilium.] An abode or mansion ; a 
place of permanent residence, either of an individual or 
family. 

DOM'I-CIL, or DOM-I-CIL l-ATE, v. t. To establish a fixed 
residence, or a residence that constitutes habitancy. Kent. 

DOM'I-ClLED, or DOM-I-CIL'I-A-TED, pp. Having gain- 
ed a permanent residence or inhabitancy. 

D0:M-I-CIL'IA-RY, a. Pertaining to an abode, or the resi- 
dence of a person or family. 

DOM-I-CIL-I-A'TION, 72. Permanent residence ; inhabit- 
ancy. ^ 

DOM'I-CIL-IKG, or DOM-I-CIL'I-A-TING, ppr. Gaining 
or taking a peiTuanent residence. 

fDOM'I-FY, V. t. [L. domus and facio.] 1. In astrology, to 
divide the heavens into twelve houses, in order to erect a 
theme or horoscope. 2. To tame. 

DOM'I-NANT, a. [L. dominans.] 1. Ruling; prevailing; 
governing ; predominant. — 2. In music, the dominant or 
sensible chord is that which is practiced on the dominant 
of the tone, and which introduces a perfect cad-ence. 

DOM'I-NANT, n. In TnM^ic, of the three notes essential to 
the tone, the dominant is that which is a fifth from the 
tonic. 

DOM'I-NATE, V. t. [L. domiiiatv^.] To rule ; to govern 
to prevail ; to predominate over. Russ. 

DOM'I-NATE, V. i. To predominate [Little used.] 

DOM'I-NA-TED, pp. Ruled ; governed. 

DOM'I-NA-TING, ppr. Ruling ; prevailing ; predominating. 

DOM-I-Na'TION, n. [L. dominatio.] 1. The exercise of 
power in ruling ; dominion ; government. 2. Arbiti-ary 
authority ; tyranny. 3. One highly exalted in power ; or 
the fourth order of angelic beings. 

DOM'I-NA-TiVE, a. Governing ; also, imperious. Sandys. 

DOM'I-NA-TOPi,, 77. 1. A ruler or ruling power ; the presid 
ing or predominant power. 2. An absolute governor. 

DOM-I-NEER', V. i. [L. dominor.] 1. To rule over with 
insolence or arbitrary sway. 2, To bluster; to hector ; to 
swell v/ith conscious superiority, or haughtiness. 

DOM-T-NEER', v. t. To govern. Walpole. 

DOM-I-NEER'ING, ppr. 1. Ruling over with insolence , 
blustering ; manifesting haughty superiority. 2. a. Over- 
bearing. 

DO-MIN'I-€AL, a. [Low L. dominicalis.] 1. That notes 
the Lord's day, or Sabbath. The Dominical letter is the 
letter which,' m almanacs, denotes the Sabbath, or dies 
Domini, the Lord's day. 2. Noting the prayer of our 
Lord. 



See Synopsis. A E I, O, U Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY j—HN, MARINE, BIRD;— 1; Obsolete 



DOO 



271 



DOT 



DO MIN'I-eAL, n. The Lord's day. Hammond. 

DO-MIN'I-€AN, a. or n. [from Dominic] The Dominicans, 
or Dominican Friars, are an order of religious or monks, 
called also Jacolins. 

DO-MIN'ION, n. \li. dominium.] 1. Sovereign or supreme 
authority ; the power of governing and controlling. 2. 
Power to direct, control, use and dispose of at pleasure ; 
right of possession and use without being accountable. 3. 
Territory under a government ; region ; country ; district 
governed, or within the limits of the authority of a prince 
or state. 4. Government ; right of governing. 5. Pre- 
dominance ; ascendant. 6. An order of angels. 7. Per- 
sons governed. 

DOM'I-NO, n. A kind of hood j a long dress; a masquerade 
dress ; a kind of play. 

Do'SIITE, 71. A mineral named from Dome, in France. 

DON. A title in Spain, formerly given to noblemen and 
gentlemen only, but now common to all classes. — Dona, 
or duena, the feminine of don, is the title of a lady, in 
Spain and Portugal. 

t DON, v._ t. [To do on.] To put on ; to invest with. 

Do'NA-ClTE, n. A petrified shell of the genus c^onaz. 

DO'NA-E.Y, n. [L. donarium.] A thing given to a saa'ed 
use. [Little iised.] 

DO-Na'TION, 71. [L. donatio.] 1. The act of giving or be- 
stowing ; a gi-ant. — ^2. In laic^the act or contract by which 
a thing or the use of it is transferred to a person, or corpo- 
ration, as a free gift. 3. That which is given or bestow- 
ed ; that which is transferred to another gratuitously, or 
without a valuable consideration ; a gift ; a grant. 

Do'NA-TISM, or DON'A-TISM, n. The doctrmes of the 
Donatists. 

Do NA-TIST, or DON'A-TIST, n. One of the sect founded 
bv Donatus. 

DON A TIS'TTf" ) 

DON-A-TIS'TI-€AL ( "" I'^rtaining to Donatism. 

*Do'NA-TtVE, 72. [Sp., Itnl. donativo.] 1. A gift; a lar- 
gess; a gratuity; a present; a dole.— 2. In the canon laic, 
a benefice given and collated to a person, by the founder 
or patron, without either presentation, institution or in- 
duction by the ordinary. 

* Do NA-TIVE, or DON'A-TiVE, a. Vested or vesting by 
donation. Blackstone. 

D6NE, (dun) pp. [See Do.] 1. Performed ; executed ; fin- 
ished. 2. A word by which agreement to a proposal is 
expressed ; as, in laying a wager, an ofier being made, the 
person accepting or agreeing says, done. 

fDoNE. The old infinitive of <io. 

DO-NEE', n. [L. dono.] 1. The person to whom a gift, or 
donation is made. 2. The person to whom lands or ten- 
ements are given or granted. 

DON' JON, or DoN'GEON. See Dungeon. 

DoN'KEY, 71. An ass or mule used for riding. ^ 

t DON'NAT, 71. [do and naught.] An idle fellow. 

Do'NOR, n. [L. done] 1. One who gives or bestows ; one 
who confers any thing gratuitously ; a benefactor. 2. 
One who grants an estate. 

DON'SHIP, n. The quality of a centleman or knight. 

DON'ZEL, 71. [It.] A young attendant ; a page. Butler 

DOO'DLE, n. A trifler ; a simple fellow. 

DOOLE. See Dole. 

DOOM, TJ. «. [Sax. (ZoTK.] I. To InAge; {unusual.] 2. To 
condemn to any punishment ; to consign by a decree or 
sentence. 3. To pronounce sentence or judgment on. 
4. To command authoritatively. 5. To destine ; to fix 
irrevocably the fate or direction of. 6. To condemn, or 
to punish by a penalty. 

DOOM, V. t. To tax at discretion. JVew England. 

DOOM, 71. [Sax. dom.] 1. Judgment ; judicial sentence. 
2. Condemnation ; sentence ; decree ; determination af- 
fecting the fate or future state of another ; usually, a de- 
termination to mhict evil, sometunes otherwise. 3. The 
state to which one is doomed, or destined. 4. Ruin ; de- 
struction. 5. Discrimination; hiotused.] 

DOOM'AGE, n. A penalty or fine' for neglect. JVe^o Hamp- 
shire. 

DOOMED, (doomd) pp. Adjudged ; sentenced ; condemn- 
ed ; destined ; fated. 

DOOM'FUL, a. Full of destruction. Drayton. 

DOOM'ING, ppr. Judging ; sentencmg ; condemning ; 
destining. 

DOOMS'DAY, n. [doom and day.] I. The day of the final 
judgment ; the great day when all men are to be judged, 
and consigned to endless happiness or misery. Dryden. 
2. The day of sentence or condemnation. 

DOOMS'D AY-BOOK, or DOMES'DAY-BOOK, n. A book 
■comi>iled by order of William the Conqueror, containing 
a survey of all the lands in England. 

DOOMS'MAN. See Domes man. 

DoOR, (dore) n. [Sax. dora, dur, dure.] 1. An opening or 
passage into a house, or other building, or into any room, 
apartment or closet, by which persons enter. 2. The 
frame of boards, or any piece of board or plank, that shuts 
the opening of a house, or closes the entrance into an 



apartment or any inclosure, and usually turning on 
hinges. — 3. In familiar language, a, house; often in the 
plural, doors. 4. Entrance. Dryden. 5. Avenue ; pas- 
sage ; means of approach or access.— To lis at the door, in 
a. figurative sense, is to be imputable or chargeable to one. 
— J\rezt door to, near to ; bordering on. — In doors, within 
^he house ; at home. 

DoOR'-€ASE, n. The frame which incloses a door. 

fDoORTNG, 7!. A door-case. Milton. 

DoOR'-KEEP-ER, n. A porter ; one who guards the en- 
trance of a house or apartment. 

DoOR'-NaIL, n. The nail on which the knocker formerly 

DoOR'-PoST, 71. The post of a door. 

DoOR'-STEAD, n. Entrance or place of a door. 

DOGl'UET, (dok'et) n, A warrant ; a paper granting li- 
cense. See Docket. 

DOR, or DORR, n. The name of the black beetle, or the 
hedge-chafer. 

DO-Ra'DO, 71. [Sp. dorado.] 1. A southern constellation, 
containing six stars. 2. A large fish resembling the dolphin. 

DO-REE', 71. A fish of the genus leus, 

D6'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to Doris in Greece. 

DOR'IO, a. In general, pertaining to Doris, or the Dorians, 
in Greece, — In architecture, noting the second order of 
columns, between the Tuscan and Ionic. 

DOR'I-CISM, or DO RISM, n. A phrase of the Doric dialect. 

DOR'MAN-CY, n. auiescence. Eorsley. 

DOR'MANT, a. [Fr. dormir.] 1. Sleeping ; hence, at rest ; 
not in action. 2. Being in a sleeping posture. 3. Neg- 
lected ; not used. 4. Concealed ; not divulged ; private; 
[unusual.] 5. Leaning ; inclining ; not perpendicular. 

DOR'MANT, ) . , 

DOR'MAR i'"- ^ beam ; a sleeper. 

DOR MAR, )n. A window in the roof of a 

DOR'MAR-WIN'DoW, S house, or above the entablature. 

DOR'MI-TiVE, n. [L. dormio.] A medicine to promote 
sleep ; an opiate. Arbuthnot. 

DOR'Mi-TO-RY, 7?. [L. dormUonum.] 1. A place, building 
or room to sleep in. 2. A gallery Li convents, divided into 
several cells, where the religious sleep. 3. A burial-place. 

DOR'MOUSE, «. ; plu. Dormice. An animal of the mouse 
kind. 

DORN, n. [G. dom.] A fish. Carew. 

DGR'NIC, 7). Aspeciesof linen cloth ; also linsey-woolsey. 

fDo'RON, n. [Gr. 5wpov.] 1. A gift ; a present. 2= A 
measure of three inches. 

DORP, 71. [G. dorf; D. dorp.] A small villagp. 

DORR. See Dor. 

t DORR, V. t. To deafen with noise. 

tDOR'RER, 71. A drone. 

DOR'SAL, a. [L. dorsum.] Pertaining to the back. 

DORSE, n. A canopv. Sutton. 

DOR'SEL. . See Dosser. 

DOR-SIF'ER-OIS, ) a. In botany, bearing or producing 

DOR-SIP' AR-OUS, \ seeds on the back of their leaves. 

DORSUM, 71. [L.] The ridge of a hill. Walton. 

t DOR'TURE, 71. A dormitory. Bacon. 

DOSE, 7!. [Fr. rfoA-e.] 1. The quantity of medicine given or 
prescribed to be taken at one time. 2. Any thing given 
to be swallowed ; any thing nauseous, that one is obliged 
to take. 3. A quantity; a portion. 4. As much as a rnan 
can swallow. 

DOSE, V. t. [Fr. doser.] 1. To proportion a medicine prop- 
erly to the patient or disease ; to form into suitable duses 
2. To give in doses ; to give medicine or physic. 3. To 



give any thing nauseous. 
DOS'SER, 71. [Fr. dossier.] 
carried on the shoulders of men 



A pannier, or basket, to be 



DOS'SIL, 7!. In surgery, a pledget or portion of lint made 
into a cylindric form, or the shape of a date. 

DoST. (dust) The second person of rfo, used in the solemn 
style ; thou dost. 

DOT, n. A small point or spot, made with a pen or other 
pointed instrument ; a speck ; used in marking a wiiting 
or other thinsf. 

DOT, V. t. 1. To mark with dots. 2. To mark or diversify 
with small detached objects. 

DOT, V. i. To make dots or spots. 

Do'TAGE, 71. 1. Feebleness or imbecility of understanding 
or mind, particularly in old age ; childishness of old age 
2. A doting ; excessive fondness. 3. Deliriousness. 

Dotal, a. [l^.dotalis.] Pertaining to dower, or a wo- 
man's marriage portion ; constituting dower or comprised 
in it. 

Do'TARD, 71. 2. A man whose intellect is impaired by age ; 
one in his second childhood. 2. A doting fellow ; one 
foolishlv fond. 

Do'TARD-LY, a. Like a dotard ; weak. Jlfore. 

DO-Ta'TION, 71. [1j. dotatio.] 1. The a"t of endowing, or 
of bestowing a marriage portion on a woman. 2. Endow- 
ment ; establishment offunds for support; as of a hospital 
or eleemosynary corporation. 

DOTE, V. i. [D. dutten.] 1. To be delirious ; to have the 



♦ See Synopsis MOVE, BOQK, DoVE ;-Bp:LL, UNITE.-€ as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



DOU 



272 



DOU 



intellect impaired by age, so that the mind wanders or 
wavers ; to be silly. 2. To be excessively in love. 3. 
To decay. 

DOTE, v.i. To decay ; to wither ; to impair. 

DoT'ED, a. Stupid. Spenser. 

DoT'ER, n. 1. One who dotes ; a man whose understand- 
ing is enfeebled by age ; a dotard. 2. One who is exces- 
sively fond, or weakly in love. 

DoTH. (duth) The third person in-egular of do, used in the 
solemn style. 

DoT'ING, ppr. Regarding with excessive fondness. 

DoT'ING-LY, ado. By excessive fondness. Dryden. 

IjOT'TARD, 7t. A tree kept low by cutting. Bacon. 

DOT'TED, pp. 1. Marked with dots or small spots ; diver- 
sified with small detached objects.— 2. In botany, sprinkled 
with hollow dots or points. 

DOT'TER-EL, n. The name of different species of fowls, 
of the genus charadrius and the grallic order. 

DOT'TING, ppr. Marking with dots or spots ; diversifying 
with small detached objects. 

DOU-A-NIER', K. [Fr.] An officer of the customs. Gray. 

DOUB'LE, (dub'l) a. [Fr. double.] 1. Two of a sort to- 
gether ; one corresponding to the other ; being in pairs. 
2. Twice as much 5 containing the same quantity or 
length repeated. 3. Having one added to another. 4. 
Twofold 3 also, of two kinds. 5. Two in number. 6. 
Deceitful j acting two parts, one openly, the other in 

DOUB'LE, (dub'l) adv. Twice. Swift. 

DOUB'LE, in compiosition, denotes two ways, or twice the 
number or quantity. 

DOUB'LE-BANKED, a. In seaman^Jup, having two oppo- 
site oars managed by rowers on the same bench. 

DOUB'LE-BlT'ING, a. Biting or cutting on either side. 

DOUB'LE-BUT'TONED, a. Having two rows of buttons. 

DOUB'LE-CHAR6E, v.t. To charge or intrust with a 
double portion. 

DOUB'LE-DkAL'ER, n. One who acts two different parts, 
in the same business, or at the same time ; a deceitful, 
trickish person j one who says one thing, and thinks or 
intends another ; one guilty of duplicity. 

DOUB'LE-DeAL ING, n. Artifice ; duplicity ; deceitful 
practice ; the profession of ono thing and the practice of 
another. 

DOUB'LE-DYE, v. t. To dye twice over. Dryden. 

DOUB'LE-EDGED, a. Having two edges. 

DOUB'LE-EN-TEN'DRE, (doo'bl-on-fan'dr) m. [Fr,] Double 
meaning of a word or expression. 

DOUB'LE-E-?ED, a. Having a deceitful countenance. 

DOUB'LE-FACE, n. Duplicity ; the acting of different parts 
in the same concern. 

DOUB'LE-FaCED, a. Deceitful ; hypocritical j showing 
two faces. Milton. 

DOUB'LE-FORMED, «. Of a mixed form. Milton. 

DOUB'LE-FOR'TI-FiED, a. Twice fortified ; doubly 
strengthened. 

DOUB'LE-FOUNT'ED, a. Having two sources. Milton. 

DOUB'LE-GILD, v. t. To gild with double coloring. Shak. 

DOUB'LE-HAND'ED, a. Having two hands : deceitful. 

DOUB'LE-HEAD'ED, a. 1. Having two heads. 2. Having 
the flowers growing one to another. Mortimer. 

DOUB'LE-HEART'ED, a. Having a false heart 5 deceitful ; 
treacherous. 

DOUB'LE-LOCK, v. t. To shoot the bolt twice ; to fasten 
with double security. Tatler. 

DOUB'LE-MANNED, a. Furnished with twice the com- 
plement of men, or with two men instead of one. 

DOUB'LE-MeAN'ING, a. Having two meanings. 

DOUB'LE-MIND'ED, a. Having different minds at differ- 
ent times ; unsettled ; wavering ; unstable ; undetermined. 

DOUB'LE-MOUTHED, a. Having two mouths. 

DOUB'LE-Na'TURED, a. Having a two-fold nature. 

DOUB'LE-Oe'TAVE, n. In music, an interval com 
of two octaves or fifteen notes in diatonic progression ; a 
fifteenth. 

DOUB'LE-PLeA, n. In law, a plea in which the defend- 
ant alledges two different matters in bar of the action. 

DOUB'LE-aUAR'REL, n. A complaint of a clerk to the 
archbishop against an inferior ordinary, for delay of justice. 

DOUB'LE-SHADE, v. t. To double the natural darkness of 
a place. Milton. 

DOUFLE-SHlN'ING, a. Shining with double lustre. 

DOUB'LE-THREAD'ED, a. Consisting of two threads 
twisted together. 

DOUB'LE-ToNGUED, a. Making contrary declarations on 
the same subject at different times ; deceitful. 

DOUB'LE, (dub'l) ?). «. [Fr. doubler.] 1. To fold. 2. To 
increase or extend by adding an equal sum, value, quan- 
tity or length. 3. To contain twice the sum, quantity or 
length, or twice as much. 4. To repeat ; to add, 5. To 
add one to another in the same order. — C. In navigation, 
to double a cape or point, is to sail round it, so that the 
cape or point shall be between the ship and her former 
situation, — 7. In military affairs, to unite two ranks or 



files in one. — To double and twist, is to add one thread to 
another and twist them together. — To double upon, in 
tactics, is to inclose between two fires. 

DOUB'LE, v.i. 1. To increase to twice the sum, number, 
value, quantity or length ; to increase or grow to twice aa 
much. 2. To enlarge a wager to twice the sum laid. 3 
To turn back or wind in running. 4. To play tricks ; to 
use sleights. 

DOUB'LE, n. 1. Twice as much ; twice the number, sum, 
value, quantity or length. 2. A turn in running to escape 
pursuers. 3. A trick ; a shift ; an artifice to deceive. 

DOUB'LED, (dub'bld) pp. Folded ; increased by adding an 
equal quantity, sum or value ; repeated 5 turned or passed 
round. 

DOUB'LE-NESS, (dub'bl-nes) n. I. The state of being 
doubled. 2. Duplicity. 

DOUB'LER, r.. 1. He that doubles. 2. An instrument for 
augmenting a very small quantity of electricity, so as to 
render it manifest by sparks or the electrometer. 

DOUB'LET, n. [Fr. doublet.] 1. The inner garment of a 
man ; a waistcoat or vest. 2. Two ; a pair. 3. Among 
lapidaries, a counterfeit stone. 

DOUB'LE TS, 71. 1. A game on dice within tables. 2. The 
same number on both dice. 3. A double meaning. 

DOUB'LING, |7pr. Making twice the sum, number or quan- 
tity ; repeating ; passing round ; turning to escape. 

DOUB'LING, n. The act of making double ; also, a fold ; 
a plait ; also, an artifice ; a shift. 

DOUB-LOON', n. [Fr. doublon ; Sp. doblon.] A Spanish 
and Portuguese coin, being double the value of the pistole. 

DOUB'LY, adv. In twice the quantity j to twice the de- 
gree. 

DOUBT, (dout) V. i. [Fr. douter.] 1. To waver or fluctu- 
ate in opinion ; to hesitate ; to be in suspense ; to be in 
uncertainty, respecting the truth or fact ; to be undeter- 
mined. 2. To fear ; to be apprehensive ; to suspect. 

DOUBT, (dout) v.t. 1. To question, or hold questionable; 
to withhold assent from ; to hesitate to believe. 2. To 
fear ; to suspect. 3. To distrust ; to withhold confidence 
from. 4. To fill with fear ; [obs.] 

DOUBT, (dout) n. I. A fluctuation of mind respecting 
truth or propriety, arising from defect of knowledge or 
evidence ; uncertainty of mind ; suspense ; unsettled 
state of opinion. 2. Uncertainty of condition. 3. Suspi- 
cion; fear; apprehension. 4. Difficulty objected. 5. 
Dread ; horror and danger ; [obs.] 

DOUBT A-BLE, a. That may be d^oubted. Sherwood. 

DOUBT'ED, pp. Scrupled ; questioned j not certain or set- 
tled. 

DOUBT'ER, n. One who doubts ; one whose opinion is un- 
settled ; one who scruples. 

DOUBT'FUL, a. 1. Dubious ; not settled in opinion ; un- 
determined ; wavering ; hesitating. 2. Dubious ; ambig- 
uous ; not clear in its meaning. 3. Admitting of doubt ; 
not obvious, clear or certain ; questionable ; not decided. 
4. Of uncertain issue. 5. Not secure ; suspicious. 6. 
Not confident; not without fear; indicating doubt. 7. 
Not certain or defined. Milton. 

DOUBT'PUL-LY, adv. 1. In a doubtful manner ; dubious- 
ly. 2. With doubt ; irresolutely. 3. Ambiguously ; with 
uncertainty of meaning. 4. In a state of dread ; [obs.] 

DOUBT'FUL-NESS, n. 1. A state of doubt or uncertainty 
of mind ; dubiousness ; suspense ; instability of opinion. 
2. Ambiguity ; uncertainty of meaning. 3. Uncertainty 
of event or issue ; uncertainty of condition. 

DOUBT'ING, ppr. Wavering in mind ; caUing in question ; 
hesitating. 

DOUBT'ING-LY, adv. In a doubting manner ; dubiously ; 
without confidence. 

t DOUBT'LESS, a. Free from fear of danger; secure. 

DOUBT'LESS, adv. Without doubt or question; unques- 
tionably. 

DOUBT'LESS-LY, adv. Unquestionably. Beaumont. 

t DOU'CED, 71. [Fr. douce.] A musical instrument. 

t DOU'CET, n.- [Fr.] A custard. 

bOU-CEuR', (doo-sure'j or doo-saur') n. [Fr.] A present 
or gift ; a bribe. 

DOU'CINE, 71. [Fr.] A molding concave above and convex 
below ; a gula. 

DOUOK'ER, 71. A fowl that dips or dives in water. 

DoUGH, (do) 71. [Sax. dah.] Paste of bread ; a mass com- 
posed of flour or meal moistened and kneaded, but not 
baked. — My cake is dough, that is, my undertaking has 
not come to maturity. Shak. 

DoUGH'-BaKED, a. Unfinished ; not hardened to perfec- 
tion ; soft, Donne. 

DoUGH'-KNeAD'ED, a. Soft ; like dough. Milton. 

DoUGH'-NUT, 71. A small roundish cake, made of flour, 
eggs and sugar, moistened with milk and boiled in lard. 

DOUGH'TI-NESS, (dou'te-nes) n. Valor; bravery. 

DOUGH'TY, (dou'ty) a. [Sax. dohtig.] Brave; valiant; 
eminent ; noble ; illustrious. 

DoUGH'Y, (do'y) a. Like dough ; soft ; yielding to pres- 
sure ; pale. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 6, V, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;-PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. 



DOW 



273 



DRA 



nuUSE, V. t. 1. To thrust or plunge into water.— 9. In 
seamen^s language, to strike or lower in haste j to slacken 
suddenly ; as, douse tlie top-sail. 

DOUSE, v_. i. To fall suddenly into water. Hiidlhras. 

DOUT, V, t. To put out 5 to extinguish. Shah. 

DOUT'ER, 71. An extinguisher for candles. 

DoU'ZeAVE, (doo'zeve) n. [Fr. doute.] In music, a scale 
of twelve degrees. 

D6VE, n. [Sax. duua.'\ 1. The cenas, or domestic pigeon, 
a species of columba. 2. A word of endearment, or an 
emblem of innocence. 

D6VE'-€OT, n. A small buUding or box in which domestic 
pigeons breed. 

DoVE'SUFOOT, n. A plant, a species of geranium. 

DoVE'-HOlJSE, n. A house or shelter for doves. 

DoVE'LIKE, a. Resembling a dove. Milton. 

D6VBSH1P, n. The qualities of a dove. Hall. 

D6VE-TAIL, n. In carpentry, the manner of fastening 
boards and timbers together by letting one piece into an- 
other in the form of a dove's tail spread, or wedge re- 
versed. 

DoVE'-TAIL, V. t. To unite by a tenon in form of a 
pigeon's tail spread, let into aboard or timber. 

DoVE'-TaILED, pp. United by a tenon in form of a dove's 
tail. 

DoVE'-TaIL-ING, ppr. Uniting by a dove-tail. 

t DoV'ISH, a. Like a dove ; innocent. 

boW'A-BLE, a. That may be endowed ; entitled to dower. 

DOW'A-GER, n. [Fr. douairiere.] A widow with a join- 
ture ; a title particularly given to the w^idows of princes 
and persons of rank. The widow of a king is called queen 
dowager. 

DOW'CETS, n. The testicles of a hart or stag. 

DOWDY, n. [Scot, dawdie.] An awkward, ill-dressed, in- 
elegant woman. Dryden. 

DOWDY, a. Awkward. Gay. 

DOWER, n. [W. dawd.} I. That portion of the lands or 
tenements of a man, which his widow enjoys during her 
life, after the death of her husband. 2. The property 
which a woman brings to her husband in marriage. 3. 
The gift of a husband for a wife. 4. Endowment ; gift. 

DOWERED, a. Furnished with dower, or a portion. 

DOWER-LESS, a. Destitute of dower. Shak. 

DOWER-Y, or DOWRY. A different spelling of dower, 
but little used. 

DOWLAS, n. A kind of coarse linen cloth. Shak. 

t DOWLE, n. A feather. Shak. 

DOWLY, a. Melancholy ; sad ; applied to persons ; lonely, 
to places. Orose. JYurth of England. Sometimes written 
and spoken, daly. 

DOWN, 71. [Sw. dun.] 1. The fine soft feathers of fowls, 
particularly of the duck kind. 2. The pubescence of 
plants, a fine hairy substance. 3. The pappus or little 
crown of certain seeds of plants ; a fine feathery or hairy 
substance, by which seeds are conveyed to a distance by 
the wind. 4. Any thing that soothes or mollifies. 

DOWN, n. [Sax. dun.] I. A bank or elevation of sand, 
thrown up by the sea. 2. A large open plain, primarily 
on elevated land. 

DOWN, prep. [Sax. dun, adun.] 1. Along a descent ; from 
a higher to a lower place. 2. Toward the mouth of a 
river, or toward the place where water is discharged into 
the ocean or a lake. — Down the sound, in the direction of 
the ebb-tide towards the sea. — Down the country, towards 
the sea, cr towards the pai-t where rivers discharge their 
waters into the ocean. 

DOWN, adv. 1. In a descending direction ; tending from a 
higher to a lower place. 2. On the ground, or at the bot- 
tom. 3. Below the horizon. 4. In the direction from a 
higher to a lower condition. 5. Into disrepute or dis- 
grace. 6. Into subjection ; into a due consistence. 7. At 
length ; extended or prostrate, on the ground or on any 
flat surface. — Up and doion, here and there ; in a rambling 
course. — Doion with a building is a command to pull it 
down, to demolish it. — Down with him signifies, throw 
him. — It is often used by seamen ; as, down with the fore 
sail, &c. 

DOWN, a. Downright ; plain ; dejected ; as, a down look. 

DOWN'-BED, n. A bed of down. 

DOW N'-C AST, a. Cast downward ; directed to the ground. 

tDOWN'-€AST, n. Sadness; melancholy look. 

D0WN'€6ME, n. A fall of rain ; a fall in the market. 
Brockett. Provincial. 

DOWNED, a. Covered or stuffed with down. Young. 

DOWN'FALL, n. 1. A falling, or body of things. falling. 
2. Ruin ; destruction ; a sudden fall, or ruin by violence, 
in distinction from slow decay or declension. 3. The 
sudden fall, depression or ruin of reputation or estate. 

DOWN'F ALLEN, a. Fallen ; ruined. Carew. 

D0WN'6yVED, a. Hanging down like the loose cincture 
of fetters. Steevens. 

DOWN'-HAUL, n. In seamen's ZaTJ^wao'e, a rope passing 
along a stay, through the cringles of the stav-sail or jib. 

DOWN'HEaRT-ED, a. Dejected in spirits. ' 



DOWN'HILL, n. Declivity ; descent ; slope. Dryden. 

DOWN'HILL, a. Declivous ; descending ; sloping. 

DOWN'LOOKED, a. Having a downcast countenance, 
dejected ; gloomy ; sullen. 

DOWN'LY-ING, n. The time of retiring to rest ; tune of 
repose. 

DOWN'LY-ING, a. About to be in travail of childbirth. 
Johnson. 

DOWN'RIGHT, adv. 1. Right down ; straight down ; per- 
pendicularly. 2. In plain terms ; without ceremony or 
circumlocution. 3. Completely ; without stopping short. 

DOWN'RiGHT, a. 1. Directly to the point ; plain ; open ■ 
artless ; undisguised. 2. Plain ; artless ; unceremon lous , 
blunt. 

DOWN'RTGHT-LY, aiftJ. Plainly; in plam terms ; bluntly 

DOWN'RiGHT-NESS, n. Plainness ; absence of disguise. 
Qomersall. 

DOWN -SIT-TING, n. The act of sitting down; repose ^ 
a resting. 

DOWN'TROD, ) a. Trodden down ; trampled down 

DOWN'TROD-DEN, \ Shak. 

DOWN'WARD, or DOWN'WARDS, adv. 1. From a high- 
er place to a lower ; in a descending course, whether di- 
rectly toward the centre of the earth, or not. 2. In a 
course or direction from a head, spring, origin or source 
3. In a course of lineal descent from an ancestor, consid- 
ered as a head. 4. In the course of falling or descending 
from elevation or distinction. 

DOWN'WARD, a. I. Moving or extending from a higher 
to a lower place, as on a slope or declivity, or in the open 
air ; tending towards the earth or its centre. 2. Decliv- 
ous; bending. 3. Descending from a head, origin or 
source. 4. Tending to a lower condition or state ; de- 
pressed ; dejected. 

DOWN'WEED, n. Cottonweed, a downy plant. 

DOWN'Y, a. 1. Covered with down or nap. 2. Covered 
with pubescence or soft hairs, as a plant. 3. Made of 
down or soft feathers. 4. Soft ; calm ; soothing. 5. Re- 
sembling down. 

DOWRE. The same as dowry. 

DOWRY, n. [See Dower.] 1. The money, goods or estate 
which a woman brings to her husband in marriage ; the 
portion given with a wife 2. The reward paid for a 
wife. 3. A gift ; a fortune given. 

t DOWSE, V. t. [Sw. daska.] To strike on the face. 

t DOWST, n. A stroke. Beaumont. 

DOX-0-LOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to doxology ; giving 
praise to God. Howell. 

DOX-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. ^o|oXoy£a.] In Christian worship, a. 
hymn in praise of the Almighty ; a particular form of giv- 
ing glory to God. 

DOX'Y, n. [qu. Sw. docka.] A prostitute. Shak. 

DOZE, v.i. [Dan. (Zoser.J 1. To slumber ; to sleep lightly. 
2. To live in a state of drowsiness ; to be dull, or half 
asleep. 

DOZE, V. t. To make dull ; to stupefy. 

DoZ'EN, (duz'n) a. [Fr. douzaine.] Twelve in number; 
applied to things of the same kind, but rarely or never to 
that number in the abstract. 

DoZ'EN, 71. The number twelve of things of a like kind 

DoZ'ER, n. One that dozes or slumbers. 

DoZ'I-NESS, n. Drowsmess; heaviness; inclination to 
sleep. 

DoZ'ING, ppr. Slumbering. 

DoZ'ING, n. A slumbering; sluggishness. Chesterfield. 

DoZ'Y, a. Drowsy ; heavy ; inclined to sleep ; sleepy ; 
sluggish. Dryden. 

DRAB, 71. [Sax. drabbe.] 1. A strumpet; a prostitute. Shak 
2. A low, sluttish woman. 3. A kind of wooden box, 
used in salt works for holding the salt when taken out of 
the boiling pans. 

DRAB, 71. nPr. drap.] A kind of thick woolen cloth. 

DRAB, a. Being of a du)i color, like the cloth so called. 

DRAB, v.i. To associate with strumpets. Beaumont. 

DRAB'BING, ppr. Keeping company with lewd women. 

DRAB'BING, n. An associating with strumpets. Beaumont. 

DRAB'BLE, v. t. To draggle ; to make dirty by drawing in 
mud and water ; to wet and befoul. JVew England. 

DRAB'BLE, v. i. To fish for barbels with a long line. 

DRAB'BLING, a. Drawing in mud or water ; angling for 
barbels. 

DRAB'BLING, n. A method of angling for barbels. 

DRAB'LER, n. In seamen's language, a small additional 
sail, sometimes laced to the bottom of a bonnet on a 
square sail. 

DRACHM. See Drachma, and Dram. 

DRACH'MA, 71. [L.] 1. A Grecian coin, of the value of 
seven pence, three farthings, sterling, or nearly fourteen 
cents. 2. The eighth part of an ounce, or sixty grains, or 
three scruples ; a weight used by apothecaries, but usually 
written dram. 

DRa'CO, n. 1. In astronomy, a constellation of the northern 
hemisphere. 2. A luminous exhalation from marshy 
grounds. 3. A genus of animals of two species. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ; 

18 



-BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



DRA 



274 



DllA 



i;E,A-€ON'Tie, a, [L. draco.] In astronormj, belonging to | 
that space of time in which the moon performs one entire 
revolution. 

DEA-€UN'€U-LUS, n. 1. In botany, a plant, a species of 
arum. — 2, In medicine, a long, slender worm, bred in the 
muscular parts of the arms and legs, called Guinea worm. 

t DRAD, a. Terrible. This was also the old pret. oi dread. 

DRAFF, 71. [D. draf, droef.] Refuse ; lees ; dregs ; the 
wash given to swine, or grains to cows ; waste matter. 
Dry den. 

DRAF'FISH, a. Worthless. 

DRAF'FY, a. Dreggy ; waste ; worthless. 

DRAFT, n. [corrupted from draught.] 1. A drawing. In 
this sense, draught is perhaps most common. 2 A draw- 
ing of men from a military band ; a selecting or detaching 
of soldiers from an army, or any part of it, cr from a 
military post. 3. An order from one man to another di- 
recting the payment of money ; a bill of exchange. 4. A 
drawingof lines for a plan; a figure described on paper; 
delineation ; sketch 5 plan delineated. 5. Depth of water 
necessary to float a ship. 6. A writing composed. See 
Draught. 

DRAFT, V. t. 1, To draw the outline ; to delineate. 9. To 
compose and write ; as, to draft a memorial or a lease. 
3. To draw men from a military band or post ; to select ; 
to detach. 4. To draw men from any company, collec- 
tion or society. 

DRAFT'-HORSE, n. A horse employed in drawing, par- 
ticularly in drawing heavy loads, or in ploughing. 

DRAFT'-OX, n. An ox employed in drawing. 

DRAFT'ED, ji.p. Drawn ; delineated ; detached. 

DRAFT'ING, ppr. Drawing ; delineating ; detachuig. 

DRAFTS, n. A game played on checkers. 

DRAG, V. t. [Sax. dragan.] 1. To pull ; to haul ; to drav/ 
along the ground by main force ; applied particularly to 
drawing heavy things with labor, along the g»round or 
other surface. 2. To break land by drawing a drag or 
harrow over it ; to harrow. 3. To draw along slowly or 
heavily; to draw any thing burdensome. 4. To draw 
along in contempt, as unworthy to be carried. 5. To pull 
or haul about roughly and forcibly. — In seamen^s lan- 
guage, to drag an anchor, is to draw or trail it along the 
bottom when loosened, or when the anchor will not hold 
the ship. 

DRAG, V. i. I. To hang so low as to trail on the ground. 
2. To fish with a drag. 3. To be drawn along ; as, the 
anchor drags. 4. To be moved slowly ; to proceed heav- 
ily. 5. To hang or grate on the floor, as a door. 

DRAG, n. 1. Something to be drawn along the ground, as 
a net or a hook. 2. A particular kind of harrow. 3. A 
car ; a low cart. — 4. in sea-language, a machine consist- 
ing of a sharp square frame of iron, encircled with a net. 
5. Whatever is drawn ; a boat in tow ; whatever serves 
to retard a ship's way. 

DRAGGED, pp. Drawn on the ground ; drawn with labor 
or force ; drawn along slowly and heavily ; raked with a 
drag or harrow. 

DRAG 'GING, ppr. Drawing on the ground ; drawing with 
labor or by force ; drawing slowly or heavily ; raking 
with a drag, 

DRAG'GLE, v. t. To wet and dirty by drawing on the 
ground or mud, or on wet grass ; to drabble. 

DRAG'GLE, v. i. To be drawn on the ground ; to become 
wet or dirty by being drawn on the mud or wet grass. 

DRAG'GLE-TAIL, n. A slut. Sherwood. 

DRAG'GLED, pp. Drawn o)i the ground ; wet or dirtied by 
being drawn on the ground or mire. 

DRAG'GLING, ppr. Drawing on the ground ; making dirty 
by drawing on the ground or wet grass. 

DRAG'MAN, n, A fisherman that uses a drag-net. 

DRAG'-NET, n. A net to be drawn on the bottom of a river 
or pond for taking fish. Dryden. 

DRAG'0-MAN, DRoG'MAN, n. [It. dragomanno.] An in.- 
terpreter ; a term in general use in the Levant and other 
parts nfthe East. 

DRAG'ON, n. [L. draco.] 1. A kind of winged serpent 
much celebrated in the romances of the middle ages. 2. 
A fiery, shooting meteor, or imaginary serpent. 3. A 
fierce, violent person, male or female. 4. A constellation 
of the northern hemisphere. [See Draco.]— In Scripture, 
dragon seems sometimes to signify a large marine fish or 
serpent. 

DRAG'ON, n. A genus of animals, the draco. 

DRAG'0-NET, n. 1. A little dragon. Spenser. 2. A fish 
with a slender round body. 

DRAG'ON-FISH, n. A species of trachinus. 

DRAG'ON-FLY, n. A genus of insects, the libella. 

DRAG'ON-ISH, a. In the form of a dragon ; dragonlike. 

DRAG'ON-LIKE, a. Like a dragon ; fiery ; furious. 

DRAG'ONS, n. A genus of plants, the dracontium. 

DRAG'ON 'S-BL60D, n. [Sax. dracan-blod.] A resinous 
substance, or red juice, extracted from the dracaina 
draco. 

DRAG'ON'S-HEAD, n. A genus of plants, the dracoceph- 



alum. — Dragun^s Head and Tail, in astronomy, are tli 
nodes of the planets. 

DRAG'ON-SHELL, n, A species of eoncamerated patella 
or limpet. 

DRAG'ON'S-WA'TER, n. A plant, the African arum. 

DRAG'0N'S-W6RT, n. A plant, a species of artemisia. 

DRAG'ON-TREE, ji. A species of palm. 

DRA-GOON', n. [Fr. dragon.] A soldier or musketeer who 
serves on horseback or on foot, as occasion may require 
Their arms are a sword, a musket and a bayonet. 

DRA-GOON', V. t. 1. To persecute by abandoning a place 
to the rage of soldiers. 2. To enslave or reduce to subjec- 
tion by soldiers. 3. To harass; to persecute; toccmpe. 
to submit by violent measures ; to force. 

DRAG-OON-aDE', 71. The abandoning of a place to the 
rage of soldiers. Burnet. 

DRA-GOON'ED, (dra-goond') pp. Abandoned to the vio- 
lence of soldiers; persecuted; harassed. 

DRA-GOON'ING, ppr. Abandoning to the rage of soldiers 
persecuting ; harassing ; vexing. 

fDRAIL, V. t. To trail. More. 

t DRAIL, V. i. To draggle. South. 

DRAIN, V. t. [Sax. drehnigean.] 1. To filter ; to cause to 
pass througli some porous substance. 2. To empiy or 
clear of liquor, by causing the liquor to drop or run otf 
slowly, 3. To make dry ; to exhaust of water or other 
liquor, by causing it to tlow off in channels, or through 
porous substances, 4, To empty ; to exhaust ; to drav/ 
off gradually. 

DRAIN, v.i. ]. To flow off gradually. 2. To be emptied 
of liquor by flowing or dropping ; as, let the vessel stand 
and drain ; let the cloth hang and drain. 

DRAIN, 71. A channel through which water or other liquid 
flows off; particularly, a trench or ditch to convey water 
from wet land ; a water-course ; a sewer ; a sink. 

DRaIN'A-BLE, a. Capable of being drained. Sherwood. 

DRaIN'A6E, 71. A draining ; a gradual flowing off of any 
liquid. 

DRAINED, pp. Emptied of water or other liquor by a grad- 
ual discharge, flowing or dropping ; exhausted ; drawn off 

DRaIN'ING, ppr. Emptying of water or other liquor by fil- 
tration or flowing in small channels. 

DRAKE, n. [G. e7Uerich.] 1. The male of the duck kind 
2. [L, draco, dragon.] A small piece of artillery, 3, The 
drake-fly. 

DRAM, n. [contracted from drachm,a-] 1, Among dmg- 
gists and physicians, a weight of the eighth part of an 
ounce, or sixty grains,— In avoirdupois weight, the six- 
teenth part of an ounce, 2. A small quantity. 3. As 
much spirituous liquor as is drank at once. Swift. 4. 
Spirit ; distilled liquor. 

DRAM, V. i. To drink drams ; to indulge in the use of ar- 
dent spirit. [j2 low 7jjord.] 

DRAM'-DRINK-ER, n. One who habitually drinks spirits. 

^DRA'MA, or DRa'MA, n. [Gr. Spajxa.] A poem or compo- 
sition representing a picture of human life, and acconnno- 
dated to action. The principal species of the drama are 
tragedy and comedy; inferior species are tragi-comedy, 
opera, &c. 

DRA-MAT'I€, )a. Pertaining to the drama; represent- 

DRA-MAT'I€-AL, ) ed by action ; theatrical ; not narra- 
tive. 

DRA-MAT'ie-AL-LY, adv. By representation ; in the man- 
ner of the drama. Dryden. 

DRAM'A-TIST, n. The author of a dramatic composition ; 
a writer of plays. Burnet. 

DRAM'A-TiZE, v. t. To compose in the form of the drama • 
or to give to a composition the form of a play. 

DRANK, pret. aiidj'p. of drink. 

DRANK, 71. A term for wild oats. Encyc. 

t DRAPE, V. t. [Fr, draper.] To make cloth ; also, to ban- 
ter. 

DRa'PER, 71. [Fr. drapler.] One who sells cloth; a dealer 
in cloths. 

DRa PER-Y, 71. [Fr. draperie.] 1. Clothwork ; the trade 
of making cloth. 2. Cloth; stuffs of wool.— 3. In sculp- 
ture and painting, the representation of the clothing o*. 
dress of human figures; also, tapestry, hangings, cur- 
tains, &c. 

t DRa'PET, n. Cloth ; coverlet, 

DRAS'TIC, a. [Gr. dpaariKog.] Powerful ; acting with 
strength or violence ; efficacious. 

DRAUGH. See Draff. 

DRAUGHT, (draft) n. 1. The act of drawing. 2, The 
quality of being drawn. 3. The drawing of liquor into 
tlie mouth and throat ; the act of drinking. 4. The quan- 
tity of liquor drank at once. 5 The act of delineating, or 
that which is delineated ; a representation by lines, as the 
figure of a house, a machine, a fort, &c., described on pa- 
per. 6, Representation by picture ; figure painted or 
drawn by the pencil, 7. The act of drawing a net ; a 
sweeping for fish. 8. That which is taken by sweeping 
with a net, 9, The drawing or bending of a bow ; the 



* See Synopsis A, E, I, o, U, Y, long.- -FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; - f Obsolete 



PliA 



275 



DRE 



act of shooting with a bow and arrow. 10. The act of 
drawing men from a military band, army or post j also, 
the forces drawn ; a detachment. [See Draft.] 11. A 
sink or drain. Matt. xv. 12. An order for the payment 
of money ; a bill of exchange. [See Draft.] 13. The 
depth of water necessary to float a ship, or the depth a 
ship sinks in water, especially when laden. 14. In E7ig- 
land, a small allowance on weighable goods, made by the 
king to the importer, or by the seller to the buyer, to in- 
sm-e full weight. 15. A sudden attack or drawing on an 
enemy. 16. A writing composed. 17. Draughts, a. kind 
of game resembling chess. 

DRAUGHT, (draft) v. t. To draw out ; to call forth. See 
Draft. 

DRAUGHT'-HQOKS, n. Large hooks of iron fixed on the 
cheeks of a cannon carriage, two on each side. 

DRAUGHT' -HORSE, n. A horse used in drawing a 
plough, cart or other carriage, as distinguished from a 
saddle-horse. 

DRAUGHT -HOUSE, n. A house for the reception of filth 
or waste matter. 

DRAUGHTS'MAN, (drafts'man) n. 1. A man who draws 
writings or designs, or one who is skilled in such draw- 
ings. 2. One who drinks drams ; a tippler. 

t DRAVE. The old participle of drive ; now drove. 

DRAW, V. t. ; pret. dreio ; pp. drawn. [Sax. dragan ; L. 
traho.'] 1. To pull along ; to haul ; to cause to move for- 
ward by force applied in advance of the thing moved, or 
at the fore-end, as by a rope or chain. 2. To pull out ; to 
unsheathe. Hence, to draio the sword, is to wage war. 3. 
To bring by compulsion ; to cause to come. 4. To pull 
up or out 5 to raise from any depth. 5. To suck. 6. To 
attract ; to cause to move or tend towards itself. 7. To 

. attract ; to cause to turn towards itself ; to engage. 8. To 
inhale ; take air into the lungs. 9. To pull or take from 
a spit. 10. To take from a cask or vat ; to cause or to 
suffer a liquid to run out. 11. To take a liquid from the 
body 5 to let out. 12. To take from an oven. 13. To 
cause to slide, as a curtain, either in closing or unclosing ; 
to open or undlose and discover, or to close and conceal. 
14. To extract. 15. To produce ; to bring, as an agent or 
efficient cause. 16. To move gradually or slowly j to 
extend. 17. To lengthen ; to extend in length. 18. To 
utter in a lingering manner. 19. To run or extend, by 
marking or forming. 20. To represent by lines drawn on 
a plain surface ; to form a picture or image. 21. To de- 
scribe ; to represent by words. 22. To represent in fan- 
cy ; to image in the mind. 23. To derive ; to have or re- 
ceive from some source, cause or donor. 24. To deduce. 
25. To allure ; to entice ; to lead by persuasion or moral 
influence ; to excite to motion. 26. To lead, as a motive ; 
to induce to move. 27. To induce ; to persuade ; to at- 
tract towards 28. To win ; to gain. Shalt. 29. To re- 
ceive or take, as from a fund. 30. To bear ; to produce. 
31. To extort ; to force out. 32. To wrest ; to distort. 

33. To compose ; to write in due form ; to form in writing. 

34. To take out of a box or wheel, as tickets in a lottery. 

35. To receive or gain by drawing. 36. To extend ; to 
stretch. 37. To sink into the water ; or to require a cer- 
tain depth of water for floating. 38. To bend. 39. To 
eviscerate ; to pull out the bowels. 40. To withdraw 5 
[not used.'] Shale. 

To draw back, to receive back, as duties on goods for ex- 
portation. — To draw in. 1. To collect ; to apply to any 
purpose by violence. 2. To contract ; to pull to a smaller 
compass ; to pull back. 3. To entice, allure or inveigle. 
— To draw off. 1. To draw from or away ; also, to with- 
draw ; to abstract. 2. To draw or take from ; to cause to 
flow from. 3. To extract by distillation. — To draw on. 

1. To allure ; to entice ; to persuade or cause to follow. 

2. To occasion; to invite 5 to bring on; to cause. — To 
draw over. 1. To raise, or cause to come over, as in a 
still. 2. To persuade or induce to revolt from an oppos- 
ing party, and to join one's own party. — To draw out. 1. 
To lengthen ; to stretch by force ; to extend. 2. To beat 
or hammer out ; to extend or spread by beating, as a met- 
al. 3. To lengthen in time ; to protract ; to cause to con- 
tinue. 4. To cause to issue forth ; to draw off; as liquor 
from a cask. 5. To extract, as the spirit of a substance. 
6. To bring forth ; to pump out by questioning or address ; 
to cause to be declared or brought to light. 7. To induce 
by motive ; to call forth. 8. To detach ; to separate from 
the main body. 9. To range in battle ; to array in aline. — 
To draiD together, to collect or be collected. — To draw up. 
1. To raise ; to lift ; to elevate. 2. To form in order of 
battle ; to array. 3. To compose in due form, as a writ- 
ing ; to forjn in writing. 

DRAW, V. i. 1. To pull ; to exert strength in drawing. 2. 
To act as a weight. 3. To shrink; to contract into a 
smaller compass. 4. To move ; to advance. 5. To be 
filled or inflated with wind, so as to press on and advance 
a ship in her course. 6. To unsheathe a sword. 7. To 
use or practice the art of delineating figures. 8. To col- 
lect the matter of an ulcer or abscess ; to cause to suppu- 



rate ; to excite to inflammation, maturation and dis- 
charge. 

To draw back. 1. To retire ; to move back ; to withdraw . 
2. To renounce the faith ; to apostatize.— To draw near 
or nigh, to approach ; to come near — To draw off, to re- 
tire ; to retreat.-^ yo draw on. 1 To advance; to ap- 
proach. 2. To gain on ; to approach in pursuit. 3. To 
demand payment by an order or bUI, called a draught.— 
To draw up, to form in regular order. 

DRAW, rt. 1. The act of drawing. 2. The lot or chance 
drawn. 

DRAW'A-BLB, a. That may be drawn. More. 

DRAWBACK, n. Money or an amount paid back or remit- 
ted. — 2. In n. popular sense, any loss of advantage, or de* 
duction from profit. 

DRAW-BRIDGE, n. A bridge which may be drawn up or 
let down to admit or hinder communication. 

DRAW'-NET, n. A net for catching the larger sorts of 
fowls, made of pack-thread, with wide meshes. 

DRAW'-WELL, n. A deep well, from which water is 
drawn by a long cord or pole. 

DRAWEE, n. The person on whom an order or bill of ex- 
change is drawn ; the payer of a bill of exchange. 

DRAWER, 71. 1. One who draws or pulls'; one who takes 
water from a well ; one who draws liquors from a cask. 
2. That which draws or attracts, or has the power of at- 
traction. 3. He who draws a bill of exchange or an order 
for the payment of money. 4. A sliding box in a case or 
table, which is drawn at pleasure. 5. Drawers, in the 
plural, a close, under garment, worn on the lower Ihnbs. 

DRAWING, ppr. Pulling; hauling; attracting; delineat- 
ing. 

DRAWING, n. 1. The act of pulling, hauling or attracting. 
2. The act of representing the appearance or figures of ob- 
jects on a plain surface, by means of lines and shades, as 
with a pencil, crayon, pen, compasses, &c. 3 delineation. 

DRAW'ING-x^IaS'TER, n. One who teaches the art of 
drawing. 

DRAW'iNG-ROOM, n. 1. A room appropriated for the re- 
ception of company ; a room in which distinguished per- 
sonages hold levees, or private persons receive parties. 

2. The company assembled in a drawing room. 
DRAWL, V. t. [D. draalen.] To utter words in a slow, 

lengthened tone. 

DRAWL, V. i. To speak with slow utterance. 

DRAWL, n. A lengthened utterance of the voice. 

DRAWL'ING, ppr. Uttering words slowly. 

DRAWN, pp. 1. Pulled; hauled; allured; attracted; de- 
lineated ; extended ; extracted ; derived ; deduced ; 
written. 2. Equal, where each party takes his own 
stake. 3. Having equal advantage, and neither party a 
victory. 4. With a sword drawn. 5. Moved aside, as a 
curtain ; unclosed, or closed. 6. Eviscerated. 7. In- 
duced, as by a motive. — Drawn and quartered, drawn on 
a sled, and cut into quarters. 

DRAY, n. [Sax. drmge.'] 1. A low cart or carriage on 
wheels, drawn by a horse. 2. A sled. 

DRaY'-€ART, n. A dray. 

DRaY'-HORSE, 71. A horse used for drawing a dray. 

DRaY'-MAN, 71. A man who attends a dray. 

DRaY'-PLOUGH, n. A particular kind of plough. 

DRAZ'EL, (draz'l) n. A dirty woman; a slut. [This is a 
vulgar word ; in J^ew England pronounced drot'Ll 

DREAD, (dred) n. [Sax. draad.'] 1. Great feai- or apprehen- 
sion of evil or danger. 2. Awe ; fear united with respect 

3. Terror. 4. The cause of fear ; the person or the thing 
dreaded. 

DREAD, (dred) a. Exciting great fear or apprehension 
Shak. 2. Terrible ; frightful. Shak. 3. Awful ; venera- 
ble in the highest degree. 

DREAD, (dred) v. t. To fear in a great degree. 

DREAD, V. i. To be in great fear. 

DREAD' A-BLE, a. That is to be dreaded. 

DREAD ED, pp. Feared. 

DREAD'ER, n. One that fears, or lives in fear. Swift. 

DREADFUL, (dred'ful) a. 1. Impressing great fear ; terri- 
ble ; formidable. 2. Awful ; venerable 

DREAD'FUL-LY, adv. Terriblv ; m a manner to be dread- 
ed. " 

DREAD'FUL-NESS, n. Terribleness ; the quality of being 
dreadful ; frightful n ess. 

DREAD'LESS, a. Fearless ; bold ; not intimidated , un- 
daunted ; free from fear or terror; intrepid. 

DREAD'LESS-NESS, n. Fearlessness; undauntedness , 
freedom from fear or terror ; boldness. 

DReAM, n. [D. droom.] 1. The thought or series of 
thoughts of a person in sleep. — 2. In Scripture, dreams 
were sometimes impressions on the minds of sleeping per- 
sons, made by divine agency. 3. A vain fancy ; a wild 
conceit; an unfounded suspicion. 

DReAM, v. i. ; pret. dreamed, or dreamt. [D. droomen.] 1 
To have ideas or images in the mind, in the state of sleep 
2. To think ; to imagine. 3. To think idly. 4. To be 
sluggish ; to waste time in vain thoughts. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, DoVE ;— BULL, UNIT^ — € as K , 6 as J ; S as Z , CH as SH ; TH aa in this, f Obsolete. 



DRl 



276 



DRI 



DREAM, I t. To see in a dream Dryden. 

DRkAM ER, n. 1 One who dreams. 2. A fanciful man ; 
a visionary ; one wlio forms or entertains vain schemes. 
3,_A man lost in w^ild imagination ; a mope ; a sluggard. 

DReAM'FTJL, a. Full of dreams. Johnson. 

DReAM'ING, ppr. Having thoughts or ideas in sleep. 

DReAM'ING-LY, adw. Sluggishly; negligently. Huloet. 

DReAM'LESS, a. Free from dreams. Camden. 

DREAMT, (dremt) pp. From dream. 

t DReAR, 71. Dread ; dismalness. Spenser. 

DREAR, a. [Sax. dreorig.] Dismal ; gloomy with solitude. 

t DReAR'I-HEAD, n. Dismalness ; gloominess. Spenser. 

DReAR"I-LY, adv. Gloomily ; dismally. Spenser. 

\ DReAR I-MENT, n. Dismalness ; terror. 

DReAR'I-NESS, 71. Dismalness ; gloomy solitude. 

DReAR'Y, a. [Sax. dreorig.] 1. Dismal; gloomy. 2. 
Sorrowful ; distressing. 

DREDGE, n. [Fr. drege.] 1. A dragnet for taking oysters, 
&c. 2. A mixture of oats and barley sown together. 

DREDGE, V. t To take, catch or gather with a dredge. 

DREDGE, V. t. To sprinkle flour on roast meat. 

DREDG'ER, n. One who fishes with a dredge -, also, an 
utensil for scattering flour on meat while roasting. 

DREDG'ING-BOX^ n. A box used for dredging meat. 

DREDG'ING-MA-CHiNE , n. An engine used to take up 
mud or gravel from the bottom of rivers, docks, &c. 

t DREE, V. t. [Sax. dreah.] To suffer. Ray. 

DREE, a. Long in continuance ; tedious. JVorth of Eng- 
land. 

DREG-GI-NESS, n. Fullness of dregs or lees ; foulness ; 
feculence. 

DREG GISH, a. Full of dregs ; foul with lees ; feculent. 

DREG'GY, a. Containing dregs or lees ; consisting of dregs ; 
foul ; muddy ; feculent. 

DREGS, n. plu. [Sw. dr^gg.] 1. The sediment of liquors ; 
lees ; grounds ; feculence ; any foreign matter of liquors 
that subsides to the bottom of a vessel. 2. Waste or 
worthless matter ; dross ; sweepings ; refuse. 

DREIN. See Drain. 

DRENCH, V. t. [Sax. drencean.] 1. To wet thoroughly ; 
to soak ; to fill or cover with water or other liquid. 2. To 
saturate with drink. 3. To purge violently. 

DRENCH, n. A draught ; a swill ; also, a portion of medi- 
cine to purge a beast, particularly a horse. 

DRENCHED, pp. Soaked ; thoroughly wet ; purged with a 
dose. 

DRENCH'ER, n. One who wets or steeps ; one who gives 
a drench to a beast. 

DRENCH'ING, ppr. Wetting thoroughly; soaking; pur- 
ging- 

tDRENT, pp. Drenched. Spenser. 

DRESS, V. t. ; pret. and pp. dressed, or drest. [Fr. dresser.] 

1. To make straight or a straight line ; to adjust to a right 
line. 2. To adjust ; to put in good order. 3. To put in 
good order, as a wounded limb ; to cleanse a wound, and 
to apply medicaments. 4. To prepare, in a general 
sense ; to put in the condition desired ; to make suitable 
or fit. 5. To curry, rub and comb. 6. To put the body 
in order, or in a suitable condition ; to put on clothes. 7. 
To put on rich garments ; to adorn ; to deck ; to embel- 
lish. — To dress up, is to clothe pompously or elegantly. 

DRESS, V. i. 1. To arrange in a line. 2. To pay particular 
regard to dress or raiment. 

DRESS, n. 1. That which is used as the covering or orna- 
ment of the body ; clothes ; garments ; habit. 2. A suit 
of clothee. 3. Splendid clothes ; habit of ceremony. 4. 
Skill in adjusting dress, or the practice of wearing elegant 
clothing. 

DRESSED, pp. Adjusted; made straight; put in order; 
prepared ; trimmed ; tilled ; clothed ; adorned ; attired. 

DRESS'ER, n. 1. One who dresses ; one who is employed 
in putting on clothes and adorning another ; one who is 
employed in preparing, trimming or adjusting any thing. 

2. [Fr. dressoir.] A side-board ; a table or bench on 
which meat and other things are dressed or prepared for 
iiae. 

DRESS'ING, ppf. Adjusting to a line ; putting in order ; 
preparing ; clothing ; embellishing ; cultivating. 

DRESS'ING, n. 1. Raiment ; attire. B. Jonson. 2. That 
which is used as an application to a wound or sore. 3. 
That which is used in preparing land for a crop ; manure 
spread over land. — 4. In popular language, correction ; a 
flo2gin;i, or beating. 

DRES'S'ING-ROOM, n. An appartment appropriated for 
dressing the person. 

DRESS'-aiA-KER, n. A maker of gowns, or similar gar- 
ments ; a mantua-maker. 

DRESS'Y, a. Showy in dress; wearing rich or showy 
dresses. 

DREST, pp. of dress. 

DREuL, V. i. To emit saliva ; to suffer saliva to issue and 
flow down from the mouth. 

DRIB, V. t. To crop or cut off ; to defalcate. Dryden. 

DRIB, n. A drop. Smft. 4I» 



piece or part ; a small 



DRIB'BLE, V. i. 1. To fall in drops or small drops, or in a 
quick succession of drops. 2. To slaver as a child or an 
idiot. 3. To fall weakly and slowly. 

DRIB'BLE, •!;. t. To throw down in drops. Swift. 

DRIB'BLET, n. [W. rhib.] A smaU piece or par 
sum ; odd money in a sum. 

DRIB'BLING, ppr Falling in drops or small drops. 

DRIB'BLING, n. A falling in drof^. 

DRIED, pp. of dry. Free from moisture or sap. 

DRi'ER, n. That which has the quality of drying ; that 
v/hich may expel or absorb moisture ; a desiccative. 

DRIFT, n. [Dan. dnft.] 1. That which is driven by wind 
or water. 2. A heap of any matter driven together. 3 
A driving ; a force impelling or urging forwai-d ; impulse ; 
overbearing power or influence. 4. Coui-se of any thing ; 
tendency ; aim ; main force. 5. Any thing driven by 
force. 6. A shower ; a number of things driven at once. 
—7. In mining, a passage cut between shafl and shaft ; a 
passage within the earth. — 8. In navigation, the angle 
which the line of a ship's motion makes with the nearest 
meridian, when she drives with her side to the wind and 
waves. 9. The drift of a current is its angle emd velocity 

DRIFT, V. i. 1. To accumulate in heaps by the force of 
wind; to be driven into heaps. 2. To float or be driven 
along by a current of water. 

DRIFT, V. t. To drive into heaps. 

DRIFT'ED, pp. Driven along ; driven into heaps. 

DRIFT'ING, ppr. Driving by force ; driving into heaps. 

DRIFT'-SAIL, 71. In navigation, a sail used under water, 
veered out right ahead by sheets. 

DRIFT'- WAY, 71. A common way for driving cattle in. 

DRIFT'- WIND, n. A driving wind ; a wind that drives 
things into heaps. 

DRILL, V. t. [Sax. thirlian ; G. and D. drillen.] 1. To 
pierce with a drill ; to perforate by turning a sharp-point- 
ed instrument of a particular form ; to bore and make a 
hole by turning an instrument. 2. To draw on; to entice; 
to amuse and put off. 3. To draw on from step to step. 
4. To draw through ; to drain. — 5. In a military sense, 
to teach and train raw soldiers to their duty, by frequent 
exercise. — ^6. In husbandry, to sow grain in rows, drUls or 

DRILL, V. i. 1. To sow in drills. 2. To flow gently. 3 
To muster for exercise. Beaumont. 

DRILL, n. 1. A pointed instrument, used for boring holes, 
particularly in metals and other hard substances. 2. An 
ape or baboon. 3. The act of training soldiers to their 
duty. 4. A small stream ^^^^now called a rill. — 5. In hus- 
bandry, a row of grain, sowed by a drill-plough. 

DRILLED, pp. Bored or perforated with a drill ; exercised ; 
sown in rows. 

DRILL'ING, ppr. Boring with a drill ; training to military 
duty ; sowing in drills. 

DRILL-PLOUGH, n. A plough for sowing grain in drills. 

DRINK, V. i. ; pret. and pp. drank. Old pret. and pp. drunk ; 
pp. drunken. [Sax. drincan, drican, drycian.] 1. To swal- 
low liquor, for quenching thirst or other purjwse. 2. To 
take spirituous liquors to excess ; to be intemperate in the 
use of spirituous liquors ; to be a habitual drunkard. 3. 
To feast ; to be entertained with liquors. — To drink to, 
to salute in drinking ; to invite to drink by drinking first. 
2. To wish well to, in the act of taking the cup. 

DRINK, V. t. 1. To swallow, as liquids ; to receive, as a 
fluid, into the stomach. 2. To suck in ; to absorb ; to im- 
bibe. 3. To take in by any inlet; to hear; to see. 4. 
To take in air ; to inhale. 

To drink down, is to act on by drinking ; to reduce or subdue. 
Shak. — To drink off, to drink the whole at a draught, — To 
drink in, to absorb ; to take or receive into any inlet. — To 
drink up, to drink the whole. — To drink health, or to the 
health, a customary civility in which a person at taking a 
glass or cup, expresses his respect or kind wishes for 
another. 

DRINK, n. Liquor to be swallowed ; any fluid to be taken 
into the stonjach. 

DRINK' A-BLE, a. That may be drank ; fit or suitable for 
drink ; potable. 

DRINK 'A-BLE, n. A liquor that may be drank. 

DRINK'ER, 71. One who drinks, particularly one who prac- 
tices drinking spirituous liquors to excess ; a drunkard ; a 
tippler. 

DRINK'ING, ppr. Swallowing liquor ; sucking in ; absorb- 
ing. 

DRINK'ING, 71. 1. The act of swallowing liquors, or of ab- 
sorbing. 2. The practice of drinking to excess. 

DRINK'ING-HORN, n A horn cup, such as our rude 
ancestors used. 

DRINIC'ING-HOUSE, n. A house frequented by tipplers; 
an alehouse. 

DRINK'LESS, a. Destitute of drink. Chaucer. 

DRINK'-MoN'EY, n. Money given to buy liquor for drink 

DRIP, V. i. [Sax. drypan, driopan, dropian.] 1. To fall in 
drops. 2. To have any liquid falling from it in drops. 

DRIP, V. t. To let fall in drops. 



* See Synopsis. 5, E, i, 0, 0, "?, long.— FkR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY j— PIN, MARINE BIRD ; 



t Obsolete. 



DRO 



277 



DRO 



DRIP, «. 1. A failing in drops, or that whicii falls in drops. 
2. The edge of a roof j the eaves ; a large flat member of 
the cornice. 

DRIP PING, fpr. Falling or letting fall in drops. 

DRIFTING, 71. The fat which falls from meat in roasting 5 
that which foils in drops. 

DRIPPING-PAN, n. A pan for recei\ing the fat which 
drips from meat in roasting. 

tDRIP'PLE, a. Weak or rare. 

i)RIVE, V. t. ; pret. drove, [formerly drave ;] pp. driven. 
[Sax. drifan.] 1. To impel or urge forward by force ; to 
force ; to move by physical force. 2. To compel or urge 
forward by other means than absolute physical force, or 
tiy means that compel th« will. 3. To chase ; to hunt. 
4. To impel a team of horses or oxen to move forward, 
and to direct their course ; hence, to guide or regulate the 
course of the carriage drawn by them. 5. To impel to 
greater speed. 6. To clear any place by forcing away 
what is in it. 7. To force ; to compel ; hi a general sense. 
8. To hurry on inconsiderately ; often with on. In this 
sense it is more generally intransitive. 9. To distress ; to 
straighten. 10. To impel by the influence of passion. 11. 
To urge 5 to press. 12. To impel by moral influence ; to 
compel. 13. To carry on ; to prosecute ; to keep in mo- 
tion. 14. To make light by motion or agitation. 

To drive away, to force to remove to a distance ; to expel ; 
to dispel ; to scatter. — To drive off, to compel to remove 
from a place ; to expel ; to drive to a distance.— To drive 
out, to expel. 

DRIVE, v.i. 1. To be forced along ; to be impelled ; to be 
moved by any physical force or agent. 2. To rush and 
press with violence. 3. To pass in a carriage. 4. To 
aim at or tend to ; to urge towards a pouit ; to make an 
effort to reach or obtain. 5. To aim a blow ; to strike at 
with force. — Drive, in all its senses, implies forcible or 
violent action. It is opposed to lead. 

DRIVE, ?t. Passage in a carriage. Boswell. 

DRIVEL, (driv'lfu. i. 1. To slaver ; to let spittle drop or flow 
from the mouth, like a child, idiot or dotard. 2. To be 
weak or foolish ; to dote. Dryden. 

DRIVEL, 7!. 1. Slavery saliva flowing from the mouth. 
2. A driveler ; a fool , an idiot ; [iiot used.] 

DRIV^'EL-ER, 71. A slaverer ; a slabberer ; an idiot ; a fool. 

DRIVEL-ING, ppr. Slavering ; foolish. 

DRIV'EN, (driv'n) pp. Urged forward by force ; impelled 
to move ; constrained by necessity. As a noun, folly. 

DPclVER, 7?. 1. One who drives ; the person or thing that 
urges or compels any thing else to move. 2. The person 
who drives beasts. 3. The person who drives a carriage ; 
one who conducts a team. 4. A large sail occasionally 
set on the mizzen-yard or gafl", the foot being extended 
over the stern by a boom. 

DRIVING, ppr. Urging forward by force ; impelling. 

DRIVING, 71. 1. The act of impelling. 2. Tendency. 

DRIZ'ZLE, v. i. [G. rieseln.] To rain in small drops ; to 
fall as water from the clouds in very fine particles. 

DRIZ'ZLE, V. t. To shed in small drops or particles. 

DRIZ'ZLE, ?j. A small rain. 

DRIZZLED, pp. Shed or thrown down in small drops or 
particles. 

DRIZ ZLING, ppr. Falling in fine drops or particles ; shed- 
ding in small drops or particles. 

DRIZ ZLING, n. The falling of rain or snow in small drops. 

DRIZ'ZLY, a. Shedding small rain, or small particles of 
snow. 

DRoG'MAN. See Dragoman. 

DROIL, V. i. [D. druilen.] To work sluggishly or slowly ; 
to plod ; [not much used.] 'Spenser. 

DROIL, 7!. A mope ; a drone ; a sluggard ; a drudge ; [I. ?i.] 

DRoLL, a. [Fr. drdle.] Odd ; merry ; facetious ; "^comical. 

DRoLL, 71. 1. One whose occupation or practice is to raise 
mirth by odd tricks ; a jester ; a buffoon. 2. A force ; 
something exhibited to raise mirth or sport. 

DRoLL, V. i. To jest ; to play the buffoon. South. 

DRoLL, V. t. To cheat. L^Estrange. 

DRoLL'ER, 71. A jester; a buffoon. Olanville. 

DRoLL'ER-Y, n. 1. Sportive tricks ; buffoonery ; comical 
stories ; gestures, manners or tales adapted to raise mirth. 
2._ A puppet-show. Shak. 

DRoLL'ING, 71. Low wit ; buffoonery. 

DRoLL'ING-LY, adv. In a jesting manner. 

DRoLL'ISH, a. Somewhat droll. 

DRoM'E-DA-RY, n. [Fr. dromadaire.] A species of camel, 
called also the Arabian camel, with one bunch or protu- 
berance on the back, in distinction from the Bactrian 
camel, which has two bunches. 

DRONE, 71. [Sax. drane, drcen.] 1. The male of the honey 
bee. It is smaller than the queen bee, but larger than the 
working bee. 2. An idler ; a sluggard ; one who earns 
nothii.gby industry. 3. A humming or low sound, or the 
instrument of humming. 4. The largest tube of the bag- 
pipe, which emits a continued deep note. 

DRONE, V. i. 1. To live in idleness. 2. To give a low, 
heavy, doll sound. Dryden. 



BRQNE'-Vh^, n. A two-winged insect, resembling lh« 

drone-bee. 

DRoN'ING, ppr. Living in idleness ; giving a dull sound. 

DRoN'ISH, a. Idle 5 sluggish ; lazy ; indolent ; inactive ; 
slow. Rowe. 

DRoN'ISH-NESS, 71. Laziness ; inactivity. 

DROOP, V. i. [Sax. drepan.] 1. To sink or hang down ; to 
lean downwards, as a body that is weak or languishing 
2. To languish from grief or other cause. 3. To fail or 
sink ; to decline. 4. To faint ; to grow weak 3 to be dis- 
pirited. 

DROOP'INGj^pr. Sinking: hanging or leaning downward; 
declining ; languishing ; failing. 

DROP, 71. [Sax. dropa.] 1. A small portion of any fluid in a 
spherical form, which falls at once from any body, or a 
globule of any fluid which is pendent, as if about to foil ; 
a small portion of water falling in rain. 2. A diamond 
hanging from the ear ; an earring ; something hanging in 
the form of a drop. 3. A very small quantity of liquor. 
4. The part of a gallows which sustains the criminal be- 
fore he is executed, and which is suddenly dropped. 

DROPS, n. plu. In medicine, a liquid remedy, the dose of 
which is regulated by a certain number of drops. 

DROP, V. t. [Sax. dropian.] 1. To pour or let fall in small 
portions or globules, as a fluid ; to distill. 2. To let fall, 
as any substance. 3. To let go ; to dismiss ; to lay aside ; 
to quit ; to leave ; to permit to subside. 4. To utter 
slightly, briefly or casually. 5. To insert indurectly, in- 
cidentally, or by way of digression. 6. To lay aside ; to 
dismiss from possession. 7. To leave. 8. To set down 
and leave. 9. To quit ; to suffer to cease. 10. To let go ; 
to dismiss from association. 11. To suffer to end or come 
to nothing. 12. To bedrop ; to speckle ; to variegate, as 
if by sprinkling with drops. 13. To lower. 

DROP, V. i. 1. To distill ; to fall in small portions, globules 
or drops, as a liquid. 2. To let drops fall ; to dischai-ge 
itself in drops. 3. To fall ; to descend suddenly or ab- 
ruptly. 4. To fall spontaneously. 5. To die, or to die 
suddenly. 6. To come to an end ; to cease ; to be neglect- 
ed and come to nothmg. 7. To come unexpectedly; 
with in or into. 8. To fall short of a mark ; [not usual.] 
9. To fall lower. 10. To be deep in extent. 

7^0 drop astern, in seamen^s language, is to pass or move to- 
wards the stern ; to move back ; or to slacken the velocity 
of a vessel to let another pass beyond her. — To drop down, 
in seamen's lang%i.age, is to sail, row or move down a 
river, or toward the sea. 

DROP'-SE-ReNE', 71. [L. gutta serena.] A disease of the 
eye ; amaurosis, or blindness from a diseased retina. 
Milton. 

DROP'-STONE, n. Spar in the shape of drops. 

DROP'-WoRT, 71. The name of a plant. 

DROP'LET, 71. A little drop. Shak. 

DROPPED, pp. Let fall ; distflled ; laid aside ; dismissed j 
let go ; sufiered to subside ; sprinkled or variegated. 

DROP'PING, ppr. Falling in globules ; distilling ; foiling ; 
laying aside ; dismissing ; quitting ; suffering to rest 01 
subside ; variegating with ornaments like drops. 

DROPPING, n. 1. The act of dropping ; a distilling j a fall- 
ing. 2. That which drops. 

DROP'PING-LY, adv. By drops. Huloet. 

DROP'SI-€AL, a. 1. Diseased with dropsy ; hydropical ; 
incluied to the dropsy. 2. Partaking of the natm-e of the 
dropsv. 

DROP'SIED, a. Diseased with dropsy. Shak. 

DROP'SY, 71. [L. hydrops.] In medicine, an unnatural col- 
lection of water, in any part of the boby, proceeding from 
a greater effusion of serum by the exhalant arteries, than 
the absorbents take up. 

DROSS, n. [Sax. dros.] 1. The recrement or despumation 
of metals ; the scum or extraneous matter of metals, thrown 
off in the process of melting. 2. Rust ; crust of metals ; 
an incrustation fonned on metals by oxydation. 3. Waste 
matter ; refuse ; any worthless matter separated from the 
better part ; impure matter. 

DROSS'I-NESS, 7!. Foulness ; mst ; impurity ; a state of 
being drossy. Boyle. 

DROSS'Y, a. 1. Like dross ; pertaining to dross. 2. Full 
of dross ; abounding with scorious or recrementitious mat- 
ter. 3. Worthless ; foul ; impure. 

t DROTCH'EL, n. An idle wench ; a sluggard. 

DROUGHT, (drout) ) n. [contracted from Sax. drugothe ; J). 

DROUTH, ) droogte : from drigan, or drygan, to 

dry. The original word drouth, as written in the time of 
Bacon, is still in common use. 1. Dryness ; want of rain 
or of water ; particularly, dryness of the weather, which 
affects the earth, and prevents the growth of plants; 
aridness ; aridity. 2. Dryness of the throat and mouth 3 
thirst ; want of drink. 

DROUGHT'I-NESS, or DROUTH'I-NESS, n. A state of 
dryness of the weather ; want of rain. 

DROUGHT'Y, or DROUTH'Y, a. 1. Dry as the weath- 
er ; arid ; wanting rain. 2. Thirsty j dry ; wanting 
drink. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



1 



DRU 



278 



DRY 



-^ 



fDROUM'Y, a. Troubled; dirty- Bacon. Chaucer has 
drovy 

PROVE, pret. of drive. 

DROVE, n. f^Sax. draf.] 1. A collection of cattle driven; a 
number of animals, as oxen, sheep or swine, driven in a 
body. 2. Any collection of irrational animals, moving or 
driving forward. 3. A crowd of people in motion. 4. A 
road for driving cattle ; [English.] 

fDRoVEN, part, from drive. 

DRoV'ER, 71. 1. One who drives cattle or sheep to market. 
Usually, in JVew England, a man who makes it his busi- 
ness to purchase fat cattle and drive them to market. 2. 
A boat driven by the tide. Spenso-. 

DROWN, V. t. [Dan. drugner.] I. To overwhelm in water; 
and, appropriately, to extinguish life by immersion in 
water or other fluid. 2. To overwhelm in water. 3. To 
overflow ; to deluge ; to inundate. 4. To immerse ; to 
plunge and lose ; to overwhelm. 5. To overwhelm ; to 
overpower. 

DROWN, V. i. To be suffocated in water or other fluid ; to 
perish in water. 

DROWNED, pp. Deprived of life by immersion in a fluid ; 
overflowed ; inundated ; overwhelmed. 

DROWN'ER, n. He or that which drowns. 

DROWN'ING, ppr. Destroying life by submersion in a 
liquid ; overflowing ; overwhelming. 

DROWSE, (drowz) v. i. [Old Belgic, droosen.] 1. To sleep 
imperfectly or unsoundly ; to slumber ; to be heavy with 
sleepiness. 2. To look heavy ; to be heavy or dull. 

DROWSE, V. t. To make heavy with sleep ; to make dull 
or stupid. .Milton. 

fDROWSI-HED, ?i. Sleepiness. Spenser. 

DROWS'I-LY, adv. 1. Sleepily ; heavily ; in a dull, sleepy 
manner. 2. Sluggishly ; idly ; slothfully ; lazily. 

DROWS'I-NESS; 71. 1. Sleepiness ; heaviness with sleep ; 
disposition to sleep. 2. Sluggishness; sloth; idleness; 
inactivity. 

DROW^S'Y, a. 1. Inclined to sleep ; sleepy ; heavy with 
sleepiness ; lethargic ; comatose. 2. Dull ; sluggish ; stu- 
pid. 3. Disposing to sleep ; lulling. 

DROWS'Y-HEAD'ED, a. Heavy ; having a sluggish dispo- 
sition. Fotherby. 

DRUB, V. t. [Sw. draoba.] To beat with a stick; to thrash ; 
to cudgel. 

DRUB, n. A blow with a stick or cudgel ; a thump ; a 
knock. 

DRUBBED, pp. Beat with a cudgel ; beat soundly. 

DRUB'BINCt, ppr. Beating with a cudgel ; beating soundly. 

DRUB'BING, n. A cudgeling ; asound beating. 

DRUD6E, (druj) v. i. [Scot, drug.] To work hard ; to labor 
in mean offices ; to labor with toil and fatigue. 

DRUD6E, n. One who works hard, or labors with toil and 
fatigue ; one who labors hard in servile employments ; a 
slave. 

DRUDG'ER, n., 1. A drudge. 2. A drudging-box. See 
Dredging-box. 

DRUDG'ER-Y, n. Hard labor ; toilsome work ; ignoble 
toil : hard work in servile occupations. 

DRUDG'ING, ppr. Laboring hard ; toiling. 

DRUDG'ING-BOX. See Dredging-box. 

DRUDG'ING-LY, adv. With labor and fatigue ; labori- 
ously. 

DRUG, n. [Fr. drogiie.] 1. The general name of substances 
used in medicine, sold by the druggist, and compounded 
by apothecaries and physicians ; any substance, vegeta- 
ble, animal or mineral, which is used in the composition 
or preparation of medicines. 2. Any commodity that lies 
on hand, or is not salablfe ; an article of slow sale, or in 
no demand in market. 3. A mortal drug, or a deadly 
drug, is -poKon. 4. [Scot, drug.] A drudge. 

DRUG, V. i. To prescribe or administer drugs or medicines. 

DRUG, V. t. 1. To season with drugs or ingredients. 2. To 
tincture with something offensive. 

fDRUG'GER, n. A druggist. Burton. 

DRUG'GER-MAN. See Dragoman. 

DRUG'GET, 71. [Fr. droguet.] A cloth or thin stuff" of wool, 
or of wool and thread, corded or plain, usually plain. 

DRUG GIST, 71. [Fr. droguisf.e.] One who deals in drugs ; 
properly, one whose occupation is merely to buy and sell 
drugs, without compounding or preparation.— In America, 
the same person often carries on the business of the drug- 
gist and the apothecary. 

f-DRUG'STER, 71. A druggist. Boyle. 

DRtJ ID, 71. [Ir. Draoi, formerly Drui, a magician, a Druid.] 
A priest or minister of religion, among the ancient Celtic 
nations in Gaul, Britain and Germany. 

DRU-ID'I&AL i °- I'ertaining to the Druids. 

DRO'ID-ISM, n. The system of religion, philosophy and in- 
struction taught by the Druids ; or their doctrines, rites 
and ceremonies. 

DRUM, n. [D. trom, trommel.] 1. A martial instrument of 
music, in form of a hollow cylinder, and covered at the 
ends with vellum, which ia stretched or slackened at 



pleasure. — 2. In machinery, a short cylinder revolving on 
an axis, generally for the purpose of turning several small 
wheels, by means of straps passing round its periphery. — 
3. The drum of the ear, the tympanum, or barrel of t)ie 
ear ; the hollow part of the ear, behind the membrane of 
the tympanum. 4. A round box containing figs. 

DRUM, V. i. 1. To beat a drum with sticks ; to beat or play 
a tune on a drum. 2. To beat with the fingers, as with 
drum-sticks ; to beat with a rapid succession of strokes. 
3. To beat, as the heart. 

DRUM, V. t. To expel with beat of drum. Military phrase. 

IDRUM'BLE, V. i. To drone ; to be sluggish. Shak. 

DRUM'-FISH, 71. A fish, found on the coast of N. America. 

fDRUM'LY, a. [W. trojn.] Thick; stagnant; muddy. 

DRUM'-Ma-JOR, n. The chief or first drummer of a regi- 
ment. 

DRUM'-Ma-KER, n. One who makes drums. 

DRUM'MER, n. One whose office is to beat the drum, in 
military exercises and marching ; one who drums. 

DRUM'-STieK, 71. The stick with which a drum is beaten, 
or a stick shaped for the purpose of beating a drum. 

DRUNK, a. 1. Intoxicated; inebriated; overwhelmed or 
overpowered by spirituous liquor ; stupified or inflamed 
by the action of spirit on the stomach and brain. 2. 
Drenched, or saturated with moisture or liquor. 

DRUNPI'ARD, 71. One given to ebriety or an excessive use 
of strong liquor ; a person who habitually or frequently is 
drunk. 

DRUNK'EN, (drunk'n) a. 1. Intoxicated ; inebriated with 
strong liquor. 2. Given to drunkenness. 3. Saturated 
with liquor or moisture ; drenched. 4. Proceeding from 
intoxication ; done in a state of drunkenness. 

DRUNK'EN-LY, adv. In a drunken manner. [Little used.] 

DRUNK'EN-NESS, 71. 1. Intoxication ; inebriation ; a state 
in which a person is overwhelmed or overpowered with 
spirituous liquors, so that his reason is disordered, and he 
reels or staggers in walking. 2. Habitual ebriety or intox- 
ication. 3. Disorder of the faculties resembling intoxica- 
tion by liquors ; inflammation ; frenzy ; rage. 

DRUPE, 7?. [L. drupx.] In botany, a pulpy pericarp or fruit 
without valves, containing a nut or stone with a kernel, 
as the plum, peach, &c. 

DRU-Pa'CEOUS, a. 1. Producing drupes. 2. Pertaining to 
drupes ; or consisting of drupes. 

DRUSE, n. [G. druse.] Am.ong miners, a cavity in a rock, 
having its interior surface studded with crystals, or filled 
wjth water. 

DRu'SY, a. Abounding with very minute crystals. 

DRY, a. [Sax. dri, drig, or dryg.] 1, Destitute of moisture ; 
free from water of wetness ; arid ; not moist. 2. Not 
rainy ; free from rain or mist. 3. Not juicy ; free from 
juice, sap or aqueous matter ; not green. 4. Without 
tears. 5. Not giving milk. 6. Thirsty ; craving drink. 
7. Barren ; jejune ; plain ; unembellished ; destitute of 
pathos, or of that which amuses and interests. 8. Severe ; 
sarcastic ; wiping. 9. Severe ; wiping. 10. Dry goods, 
in commerce, cloths, stuffs, silks, laces, &c., in distinction 
from groceries. 

DRY, V. t. [Sax. drigan, adrigan, or drygan, adrygan, ad- 
rugan, gedrigan.] "l. To free from water, or from mois- 
ture of any kind, and by any means. 2. To deprive of 
moisture by evaporation or exhalation. 3. To deprive of 
moisture by exposure to the sun or open air. 4. To de- 
prive of natural juice, sap or greenness. 5. To scorch or 
parch with thirst ; with iip. 6. To deprive of water by 
draining; to drain; to exhaust. — To dry up, to deprive 
wholly of water. 

DRY, V. i. 1. To grow dry ; to lose moisture ; to become 
free from moisture or juice. 2, To evaporate wholly ; to 
be exhaled. 

DRY'AD, 71. [L. dry odes, plu.] In mythology, a deity or 
nymph of the woods ; a nymph supposed to preside over 
woods. 

DRYED, pp. of dry. See Dried. 

DRY'ER, n. He or that which dries ; that which exhausts of 
moisture or greenness. 

DRY'EyED, a. Not having tears in the eyes. 

DRY'FAT, n. A dry vat or basket. 

DRY'FOOT, 71. A dog that pursues game by the scent of the 
foot. 

DRY'ING, ppr. Expelling or losing moisture, sap or green- 
ness. 

DRY'ING, n. The act or process of depriving of moisture or 
greenness. 

DRY'ITE, 71. Fragments of petrified or fossil wood, in which 

' th^ structure of the wood is recognized. 

DRy'LY, adv. 1. Without moisture. 2. Coldly ; frigidly ; 
without affection. 3. Severely ; sarcastically. 4. Barren- 
ly ; without embellishment ; without any thing to enliven, 
enrich or entertain. 

DRY'NESSj n. I . Destitution of moisture ; want of water or 
other fluid ; siccity ; aridity ; aridness. 2. Want of rain. 
3. Want of juice or succulence. 4. Want of succulence or 
greenness. 5. Barrenness ; jejuneness ; want of ornament. 



* See Synopsis. A,E, I, o, U, Y, long.—F^R, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PiN, MARiN£, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. 



DUG 



279 



DUL 



or pathos ; want of that which enlivens and entertains. 
6. Want of feeling or sensibility in devotion ; want of ar- 
dor. 

DR-^'NURSE, n. 1. A nurse who attends and feeds a child 
witliout the breast. 2. One who attends another in sick- 
ness, 

DRY'NURSE, t). «. To feed, attend and bring up without 
the breast. Hudibras. 

DRy'RUB, v. t. To rub and cleanse without wetting. 

DRY-SALT'ER, n. A dealer in salted or dry meats, pickles, 
sauces, &c. Fordyce. 

DRY''SHOD, a. Without wetting the feet. 

Du'AL, a. VL. dualis.'] Expressing the number two. 

DU-AL-IS'Tie, a. Consisting of two. 

DU-AL'1-TY, n, 1. That which expresses two in number. 
2. Division ; separation. 3. The state or quality of being 
two. 

DUB, V. i. [Sax. duhban.] Literally, to strike. Hence, 

1. To strike a blow with a^ sword, and make a knight. 

2. To confer any dignity or nevs^ character. 
DUB, V. i. To make a quick noise.- Bcauinont. 

DUB, n. I. A blow 5 [little zised.] 2. In Irish, a puddle. 

DUBBED, pp. Struck ; made a knight. 

DUB'BING, ppr. Striking ; making a knight. 

DU-Bl'E-TY, n. Doubtfulness. [Little used.] 

DU-BI-08'I-TY, n. A thing doubtful. Brown. 

Du'BI-OUSj a. [I* dubius.] 1. Doubtful ; wavering or fluc- 
tuating in opinion ; not settled ; not determined. 2. Un- 
certain ; that of which the trutli is not ascertained or 
known. 3. Not clear j not plain. 4. Of uncertain event 
or issue. 

DtJ'BI-OUS-LY, adv. Doubtfully ; uncertainly. 

Dti'BI-OUS-NESS, 71. 1. Doubtfulness ; a si^te of wavering 
and indecision of mind. 2. Uncertainty 

DU'BI-TA-BLE, a. [L. duUto.] Doi<ibtful ; uvtisrtzin [Little 
used.] 

DtJ'BI-TAN-CY, 71. Doubt ; uncertainty. [Little used.] 

DU-BI-Ta'TION, n. [L. dabitatio.] The act of doubting ; 
doubt. [Little used.] Brown. 

DCf'GAL, a. [Ft.] Pertaining to a duke. 

DU€'AT, n. A coin of several countries in Europe, struck 
in the dominions of a duke. It is of silver or gold. The sil- 
ver ducat is generally of the value of four shillings and six- 
pence sterling, equal to an American dollar, or to a French 
crown ; and the gold ducat of twice the same value. 

DU€-A-TOON', 7*. [Fr. dur.aton.] A silver coin, struck 
chiefly in Italy, of the value of about four shillings and 
eight pence sterling. 

dUCH'ESS, n. [Fr. duchesse.] The consort or widow of a 
duke. Also, a lady who has the sovereignty of a duchy. 

DUCH'Y, n. [Fr. duche.] The territory or dominions of a 
duke ; a dukedom. 

DUCH'Y-€oURT, n. The court of the duchy of Lancaster 
in England. 

DUCK, n. [Sw. duJ:.] A species of coarse cloth or canvas, 
used for sails, sacking of beds, &c. 

DUCK, n. I. A water-fowl, so called from its plunging. 2. 
An inclination of the head, resembling the motion of a 
duck in water. 3. A stone thrown obliquely on the wa- 
ter, so as to rebound. 

DUCK, n. [B^n. dukke.] A word of endearment. 

DUCK, V. t. [G. dticken.] 1. To dip or plunge in water, and 
suddenly withdraw. 2. To plunge the head in water, and 
immediately withdraw it. 3. To bow, stoop or nod. 

DUCK, V. i. 1. To plunge into water, and immediately 
withdraw ; to dip ; to plunge the head in water or other 
liquid. 2. To drop the head suddenly ; to bow 5 to cringe. 

DUCKED, pp. Plunged ; dipped in water. 

DUCK'ER, n. A plunger ; a diver ; a cringer. 

DUCK'ING, ^pr. Plunging ; thrusting suddenly into water, 
and withdrawing 5 dipping. 

DUCK'ING, n. The act of plunging or putting in water, and 
withdrawing. 

DUCK'ING-STOOL, n. A stool or chair in which common 
scolds were formerlv tied and plunged into water. 

DUCK'-LEGGED, a. Having short legs, like a duck. 

DUCK'LTNG, n. A young duck. Ray. 

DUCK'-MEAT, or DUCK'S'-Mi?.AT, n. A plant, the lemna, 
growing in ditches and shallow water. 

DUC-KOY'. See Decoy. 

DUCK'S'- FOOT, n. A plant, the podophyllum; called also 
Mav-apple. 

DUCK'-WEED, n. The same as dusk-mset 

DUCT, n. [L. ductus.] 1 Any tube or canal by which a 
fluid or other substance is conducted or conveyed. 2. 
(Guidance ; direction 5 [little used.] 

DUCTILE, a. [L. ductilis.] 1. That may be led ; easy to 
be led or drawn 5 tractable ; complying ; obsequious ; 
yielding to motives, persuasion or instruction. 2. Flexi- 
ble ; pliable. 3. That may be drawn out into wire or 
threads. 4. That may be extended by beating. 

DUG'TILE-NESS, n. The quality of suffering extension by 
drav^ing or percussion ; ductility. 

DUC-TIL'I-TY, n. 1. The property of solid bodies, particu- 



larly metals, which renders them capable of being extend- 
ed by drawing without breaking. 2. Flexibility ; obse- 
quiousness ; a disposition of mind that easily yields to 
motives or influence ; ready compliance. 

DUC'TION, n. [L. ductio.] Conveyance ; leading, Felt- 
ham. 

fDUCT'URE, 71. [L. dMco.] Guidance. South. 

DUD'DER, V. t. To deafen with noise ; to render the heaa 
confused. Jennings. 

DUDG'EoN, 71. [G. degen.] A small dagger. Hudibras. 



DUDG'EoN, /!. [W. dygen.l Anger; resentment; malice j 
ill-will; discord. L^ Estrange. 

DUDS, 71. [Scot. dv.d.] Old clothes ; tattered garments. [A 
vulgar word.] 

Due, (du) a. [Fr. dii, pp. o? devoir.] I. Owed; that ought 
to be paid or done to another. 2. Proper ; fit ; appropriate ; 
suitable ; becoming ; required by the circumstances. 3. 
Seasonable, 4. Exact ; proper. 5. Owing to ; occasioned 
by ; [little used.] 6. That ought to have arrived, or to be 
present, before the time specified. 

Due, adv. Directly ; exactly ; as, a due east course. 

DtJE, n. \. That which is owed ; that which one contracts 
to pay, do or perform to another ; that which law or jus- 
tice requires to be paid or done. 2. Tliat which office, 
rank, station, social relations, or established rules of right 
or decorum, require to be given, paid or done. 3. That 
which law or custom requires, as toll, tribute, fees of of- 
fice, or other legal perquisites. 4. Right ; just title. 

fDuE, v.t. To pay as due. Shak. 

DtjE'FIJL, a. Fit ; becoming, Spenser. 

DtJ'ELJ'w. [h.duellum; Fr. duel ; It. duello.] 1. Single 
combat ; a premeditated combat between two persons, for 
the purpose of deciding some private difference or quarrel 
2. Any contention or contest. 

DO'EL, v, i. To fight in single combat. South, 

Du'EL, V. t. To attack or fight singly. Milton. 

Du'EL-ER, n. A combatant in single fight. 

DtJ'EL-ING, ppr. Fighting in single combat. 

DtJ'EL-ING, n. The act or practice of fighting in single 
combat. 

Du'EL-IST, n. 1. One Who fights in single combat. Dryden. 
2. One who professes to study the rules of honor. 

t DU-EL'LO, n. Duel ; or rule of dueling. Shak. 

DuE'NESS, (M nes) n. Fitness ; propriety ; due quality. 

DU-EN'NA, n. [Sp. duena. See Don.] An old woman who 
is kept to guard a younger ; a governess. 

|^^^4^^,' I n. [Ital. dtietto.] A song or air in two parts. 

DUF'FEL, n. [D.] A thick, coarse kind of woolen cloth, 
having a thick nap or frieze. 

DUG, 71. [Ice. degs-ia,] The pap or nipple of a cow or other 
beast. It is applied to a human female in contempt. 

DUG, pret. and pp. of dig ; as, they dug a ditch. 

DUKE, 71. [Fr. due ; Sp., Port, duque ; It. duca ; Venetian, 
doge ; L. dux.] 1. In Oreat Britain, one of the highest 
order of nobility ; a title of honor or nobility next below 
the princes, — 2. In some countries on the continent, a sove- 
reign prince, without the title of king. 3. A chief; a 
prince. 

DuKE'DOM, n. 1. The seignory or possessions of a duke ; 
the territorv of a duke. 2. The title or quality of a duke. 

DUL'BRaINED, a. Stupid ; doltish ; of dull intellects. 

DUL'CET, a. [L. dulcis.] 1. Sweet to the taste ; luscious. 
2. Sweet to the ear ; melodious ; harmonious. 

DUL-CI-FI-Ca'TION, n. The act of sweetening ; the act of 
freeing from acidity, saltness or acrimony 

DUL'CI-FlED, pp. Sweetened ; purified from salts. — Dulci- 
fied spirits, a term formerly applied to the different ethers. 

DUL'CI-F"?, V. t. [Fr. diilcifier.] To sweeten ; to free from 
acidity, saltness or acrimony. 

DUL'CI-MER, 71. [It. dolcimello.] An instrument of music 
played by striking brass wires with little sticks. 

fDUL'CI-NESS, n. [L,. dulcis.] Softness ; easiness of tem- 
per. 

DUL'CO-RATE, v. t. [Low L, d,7Llco.] 1. To sweeten. 2. 
To make less acrimonious. 

DUL-CO-Ra'TION, 71. The act of sweetening. Bacon. 

DtJ'LI-A, 71. [Gr. 6ov\aa.] An inferior kind of worship. 

DULL, a. [W. dol, dial ; Sax. dol.] 1. Stupid ; doltish ; 
blockish ; slow of understanding. 2. Heavy ; sluggish ; 
without life or spirit. 3. Slow of motion ; sluggish, 4. 
Slow of hearing or seeing. 5. Slow to learn or compre- 
hend ; unready ; awkward. 6. Sleepy ; drowsy. 7. Sad ; 
melancholy. 8. Gross ; cloggy ; insensible. 9. Not pleas- 
ing or delightful ; not exhilarating ; cheerless. 10. Not 
bright or clear ; clouded ; tarnished. 11. Not bright ; not 
briskly burning. 12. Dim ; obscure ; not vivid. 13. Blunt ; 
obtuse ; having a thick edge. 14. Cloudy ; overcast ; not 
clear ; not enlivening.— 15. With seamen, being without 
wind. 15. Not lively or animated, 

DULL, V. t. 1. To make dull ; to stupify. 2. To blunt. 3. To 
make sad or melancholy. 4. To hebetate ; to make insen- 
sible or slow to perceive. 5. To damp ; to render lifeless. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL. UNITE — € as K ; as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



DUN 



280 



DU^ 



6. To make neavy or slow of motion. 7. To sully j to 
tarnish or cloud, 

DULL, V, i. To become dull or blunt ; to become stupid. 

DULL'-BRaINED, a. Stupid ; of dull iiitellrict. 

DULL'-BROWED, a. Having a gloomy look. 

DULL'-DIS-PoS'ED, a. Inclined to dullness or sadness. 

DULL'-EyED, a. Having a downcast look. Shak. 

DULL'-HEAD, n. A person of dull understanding ; a dolt ; 
a blockhead. 

DULL'-SiGHT-ED, a. Having imperfect sight ; purblind. 

DULL'-WIT-TED, a. Having a dull intellect ; heavy. 

DULL'ARD, a. Doltish; stupid. Hall. 

DULL'ARD, 71. A stupid person ; a dolt ; a blockhead ; a 
dunce. 

DULLED, pp. Made dull ; blunted. 

DULL'ER, 11. That which makes dull. 

DULL'IXG, ppr. Making dull. 

DULL'NESS, 71. 1. Stupidity ; slowness of comprehension ; 
weakness of intellect ; indocility. 2. Want of quick per- 
ception or eager desire. 3. Heaviness ; drowsiness ; incli- 
nation to sleep. 4. Heaviness ; disinclination to motion. 
5. Sluggishness ; slowness. 6. Dimness ; want of clear- 
ness or lustre. 7. Bluntness ; want of edge. 8. Want 
of brightness or vividness. 

DUL'LY, adv. Stupidly 3 slowly ; sluggishly 3 without life 
or spirit. 

Du'LY, adv. 1. Properly ; fitly; in a suitable or becoming 
manner. 2. Regularly ; at the proper time. 

DUMB, (dum) a. [Sax. dumi).] I. Mute ; silent ; not speak- 
ing. 2. Destitute of the power of speech ; unable to utter 
articulate sounds. 3. Mute ; not using or accompanied 
with speech. — To strike dumb, is to confound; to aston- 
ish ; to render silent by astonishment ; or, it may be, to 
deprive of the power of speech. 

DUMB, V. t. To silence. Shak. 

DUMB'LY, (dum'ly) adv. Mutely ; silently ; without words 
or speech. 

DUMBNESS, (dum'nes) n. 1. Muteness; silence, or hold- 
ing the peace ; omission of speech. 2. Incapacity to 
speak ; inability to articulate sounds. 

DUMTOUND, V. t. To strike dumb ; to confuse. [.>3 lo^o 
word.] Spectator. 

t DUM'MER-ER, n. One who feigns dumbness. 

DUM' MY, 71. One who is dumb, [.d low expression.] 

DUMP, n. [D. dom.] 1. A dull, gloomy state of the mind; 
sadness ; melancholy ; sorrow ; heaviness of heart. 2. Ab- 
sence of mind ; rever}\ 3. A melancholy tune or air. 

DUMP'ISH, a. Dull ; stupid ; sad ; melancholy ; depressed 
in spirits. 

DUMP'ISH-LY, adv. In a moping manner. 

DUMP'ISH-NESS, n. A state of being dull, heavy and 
moping. 

DUMP'LING, n. A kind of pudding or mass of paste in 
cookery ; usually, a cover of paste inclosing an apple and 
boiled. 

DUMP'Y, a. Short and thick. 

DUN, a. [Sax. dami.] I. Of a dark color; of a color partak- 
ing of a brown and black ; of a dull brown color ; swarthy. 
2. Dark ; gloomy. 

DUN, V. t. To cure, as fish, in a manner to give them a dun 
color. See Dunning. 

DUN, u. i. [Sax. dynan.] 1. To clamor for payment of a 
debt ; to urge for payment ; to demand a debt in a press- 
ing manner; to call for payment. 2. To urge importu- 
nately. 

DUN, n. 1. An importunate creditor, who urges for pay- 
ment. 2. An urgent request or demand of payment in 
writing. 3. An eminence ; a mound. 

DUNCE, (duns) 71. [G. duns.] A person of weak intellect; 
a dullard ; a dolt ; a thickskull. 

DUN'CER-Y, 71. Dullness ; stupidity. Smith. 

DUNCH, a. Deaf. Grose. West of England. 

t DUN'CI-FY, V. t. To make stupid in intellect. 

DUN'DER, n. [Sp. redundar.] Lees ; dregs ; a word used 
in Jamaica. 

DUNE, 71. A hill. See Down. 

DUN -FISH, 71. Codfish cured in a particular manner. 

DUNG, 71. [Sax. dung.] The excrement of animals. 

DUNG, V. t. To manure with dung. Dryden. 

DUNG, V. i. To void excrement. 

DUNGED, pp. Manured with dung. 

DUNGE6N, (dun'jun) n. [Fr. dongeon, or donjon.] I. A 
close prison, or a deep, dark place of confinement. 2. A 
subterraneous place of close confinement. 

DUN'GEoN, V. t. To confine in a dungeon. Hall. 

DUNG'FORK, n. A fork used to throw dung. 

DUNG'HILL, 71. 1. A heap of dung. 2. A mean or vile 
abode. 3. Any mean situation or condition. 4. A term 
of reproach for a man meanly born ; inot used.] 

DUNG'HILL, a Sprung from the dunghill ; mean ; low ; 
base ; vile. Shak. 

DUNG'Y, o. Full of dung ; filthy ; vile. Shak. 

DUN(JJYARD, 71. A yard where dung is collected. 

DUNGLIN, n. A fowl, a species of sandpiper. Pennant. 



DUN'NA6E, 71. Fagots, ooughs or loose wcod lai4 on the 

bottom of a ship to raise heavy goods above the bottom. 
DUNNED, pp. Importuned to pay a debt ; urged. 
DUN'NER, n. [from dmi.] One employed in soliciting the 

payment of debts. Spectator. 
DUN'NING, ppr. Urging for payment of a debt, or for th» 

obtaining a request ; importuning. 
DUN'NING, ppr. or n. The operation of curing codfish, 

in such a manner aa to give it a particular color and 

quality. 
DUN'NISH, a. Inclined to a dun color; somewhat dun. 
DUN'NY, a. Deaf; dull of apprehension. [Local.] Grose. 
Du'O, n. [L. ; two.] A song in two parts. 

DU-0-DE€-A-HE'DRAL, ) SeeDoDECAHEDRAL.DoDECA- 

DU-0-DE€-A-He'DR0N, \ HEDRON. 

DU-0-DEC'IM-FID, a. [L. duodecim and findo.] Divided 
into twelve parts, 

DU-0-DEC'I-MO, a, [L. duodecim.] Having or consisting 
of twelve leaves to a sheet. 

DU-0-DEC'I-MO, n. A book in which a sheet is folded into 
twelve leaves. 

DU-0-DE€'U-PLE, a. [L. duo and deciiplus.] Consisting 
of twelves. Arbuthnot. 

DU-OD iJ-NUM, 71. [L.] The first of the small intestines. 

DU-0-LIT'ER-AL, a. [L. duo and litera.] Consisting of 
two letters only ; biliteral. Stuart. 

DUP, V. t. [do and t^;.] To open. [A low word.] 

DUPE, n. [Fr. dupe.] A person who is deceived ; or one 
easily led astray by his credulity. 

DUPE, V. t. [Fr. duper.\ To deceive; to trick; to mislead 
by imposing on one's credulity. 

Du'PI-ON, 71. A double cocoon, formed by two or mora 
silk- worms. 

DU'PLE, a. [L. duplus.] Double. 

DU'PLI-€ATE, a. [L. duplicatus.] Double ; twofold.— Pm- 
plicate proportion or ratio is the proportion or ratio of 
squares. 

Du'PLI-€ATE, 7i. 1. Another corresponding to the first; 
or a second thing of the same kind. 2. A copy ; a tran- 
script. 

Du'PLI-€ATE, V. t. [L. duplico.] To double ; to fold. 

DU-PLI-€a'TION, 71. 1. The act of doubling; the multipli- 
cation of a number by 2. 2, A folding ; a doubling ; also, 
a fold. 

Du'PLI-€A-TURE, n. A doubling ; a fold.— In anatomy^ 
the fold of a membrane or vessel. 

DU-PLIC'I-TY, 7?. [Fr. duplicite.] 1. Doubleness ; the 
number two. 2. Doubleness of heart or speech ; tlie act 
of dissembling one's real opinions, with a design to mis- 
lead ; double-dealing ; dissimulation ; deceit. — 3. In law, 
duplicity is the pleading of two or more distinct matters 
or single pleas. 

DU-RA-BIL'I-TY, n. The power of lasting or continuing, 
in any given state, without perishing. 

DU'RA-BLE, a. [L. durabilis.] Having the quality of last- 
ing or continuing long in being, without perishing or wear- 
ing out. 

DU'RA-BLE-NESS, n. Power of lasting ; durability. 

Du'RA-BLY, adv. In a lasting manner ; with long contin- 
uance. 

Du'RANCE, 71. [L. duro.] 1. Imprisonment ; restraint of 
the person; custody of the jailer. 2. Continuance; du- 
ration. See Endurance. 

DU-RANT', 72. A glazed woolen stuff; called by some ev- 
erlasting. 

DU-RS^TION, 71. 1. Continuance in time ; length or ex- 
tension of existence, indefinitely. 2. Power of continu- 
ance. 

DUR'DUM, n. A great noise or uproar. Grose. 

t DURE, v. i. [L. duro ; Fr. durer.] To last ; to hold on in 
time or being ; to continue ; to endure. 

tDuRE'FUL, a. Lasting. Spenser. 

DuRE'LESS, a. Not lasting; fading. Raleigh. 

*DU-RESS', n. [Norm, duresse, durette.] 1, Literally, 
hardship; hence, constraint. — Technically, duress, in law, 
is of two kinds ; duress of imprisonment, which is impris- 
onment or restraint of personal liberty ; and duress by 
menaces or threats [per minas,] when a person is threat- 
ened with loss of life or limb. 2. Imprisonment ; restraint 
of liberty. 

DuR'ING, ppr. of dure, [commonly, though not correctly, 
classed among prepositions.] Continuing; lasting; hold- 
ing on ; as, during life. 

Du'RI-TY, n. [Fr. durete.] I. Hardness; firmness. 2. 
Hardness of mind ; harshness ; [little v^ed.] 

t DU'ROUS, a. Hard. Smith. 

DURiRA, n. A kind of millet, cultivated in North Africa. 

DURST, prei. of dare. [D. dorst.] 

DUSE, 71. A demon or evil spirit. What the duse is the 
matter ? The duse is in you. [ Vulgar.] 

DUSK, a. [D. duister ; G. duster.] 1. Tending to dark- 
ness, or moderately dark. 2. Tending to a dark or black 
color ; moderately black. Milton. 

DUSK, 71. 1. A tending to darkness ; incipient or imperfect 



♦ Sec Synopsis. A, E, I O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT;- PREY;— PIN, MARINE, EtRDj- f Obsolete. 



DWA 



281 



DYS 



obscurity ; a middle degree between light and darkness ; 
twilight. 2. Tendency to a black color ; darkness of col- 
or. Dry den. 

DUSK, V. t. To make dusky. [Little v^ed.'] 

DUSK, V. i. To begin to lose light or whiteness : to grow 
dark, [Little used.] 

I)USK'I-L5(^, adv. With partial darkness ; with a tendency 
to blackness or darkness. 

])USK'I-NESS, n. Incipient or partial darkness ; a slight or 
moderate degree of darkness or blackness. 

DUSK'ISH, a. Moderately dusky ; partially obscure ; slight- 
ly dark or black. Spenser. 

DUSKiSH-LY, adv. Cloudily ; darkly. Bacon. 

DUSK'ISH-NESS, n. Duskiness ; approach to darkness. 

DUSK'Y, a. 1. Partially dark or obscure ; not luminous. 
2. I'ending to blackness in color ; partially black ; dark- 
colored ; not bright. 3. Gloomy ; sad. 4. Intellectually 
clouded. 

.OUST, n. [Sax. dost, dyst ; Scot, dust.] 1. Fine dry par- 
ticles of earth or other matter, so attenuated that it may 
be raised and wafted by the wind ; powder. 2. Fine dry 
particles of earth ; fine e>arth. 3. Earth ; unorganized 
earthy matter. 4. The grave. 5. A low condition. 

DUST, V. t. 1. To free from dust ; to brush, wipe or sweep 
away dust. 2. To sprinkle with dust. 3. To levigate. 

DUST'-BHUSH, n. A brush for cleaning rooms and furni- 
ture. 

DUST'EE, 71. An utensil to clear from dust ; also, a sieve. 

DUSTT-NESS, n. The state of being dusty. 

DUST'-MAN, 71. One whose employment is to carry away 
dirt and filth. Gay. 

DUST'Y, a. 1. Filled, covered or sprinkled with dust ; 
clouded with dust. 2. Like dust; of the color of dust. 

DUTCH, 7t. The people of Holland; also, their language. 

DUTCH, a. Pertaining to Holland, or to its inhabitants. 

DUTCH'Y. See Duchy. 

Du'TE-OUS, a. 1. Performmg that which is due, or that 
which law, justice or propriety requires; obedient. 2. 
Obedient ; obsequious. 3. Enjoined by duty, or by the 
relation of one to another ; [little used.] 

DU'TI-A-BLE, a. Subject to the imposition of duty or cus- 
toms ; as dutiable goods. Supreme Court, U. S. 

Du'TIED, a Subjected to duties or customs. Ames. 

Du'TI-FUL, a. 1. Performing tlie duties or obligations re- 
quired by law, justice or propriety ; obedient ; submissive 
to natural or legal superiors ; respectful. 2. Expressive 
of respect or a selise of duty ; respectful ; reverential ; re- 
quired by duty. 

Du'TI-FUL-LY, adv. In a dutiful manner ; with a regard 
to duty ; obediently ; submissively ; reverently ; respect- 
fully. S^ci/I. 

Du'TI-FUL-NESS, n. 1. Obedience ; submission to just 
authority; habitual performance of duty. 2. Reverence; 
respect. 

Du'TY, 7i. 1, That which a person owes to another ; that 
which a person is bound, by f>ny natural, moral or legal 
obligation, to pay, do or perform. 2. Forbearance of that 
which is forbid by morality, lav/, justice or propriety. 3. 
Obedience ; submission. 4. Act of reverence or respect. 
5. The business of a soldier or marme on guard. 6. The 
business of war; military service. 7. Tax, toll, impost, 
or customs ; excise ; any sum of money required by gov- 
ernment to be paid on the importation, exportation, or 
consumption of goods. 

DU-UM'VIR, 71. [L. duo and rzV.] One of two Roman of- 
ficers or magistrates united in tlie same public functions. 

DU-UM'V[-RAL, a. Pertaining to the duumvirs or du- 
umvirate of Rome. 

DU-UM'VI-RATE, 71. The union of two men in the same 
office ; or the olfice, dignity or government of two men 
thus associated ; as in ancient Rome. 

DWAJjE, 71. 1. In heraldry, a sable or black color. 2. The 
deadly nightshade, a plant, or a sleepy potion. 

DWARF, n. [Sax. dwerg, dweora-.] 1. A general name 
for an animal or plant which is much below the ordinary 
size of the species or kind. A man that never grows be- 
yond two or three feet in height is a dwarf. 2. An attend- 
ant on a lady or knight in romances. 

DWARF, V. t. To hinder from growing to the natural size ; 
to lessen ; to make or keep small. 

DWARF'ISH, a. Like a dwarf; below the common stature 
or size ; very small ; low ; petty ; despicable. 

DWARF'ISH-LY, adv. Like a dwarf. 

DWARF'ISH-NESS, n. Smallness of stature ; littleness of 
size. 



T DWAQL, V. i. [Sax. dwelian, dwolian.] To be delirious. 

DWELL, V. i.j pret. dwelled, usually contracted into dwelt. 
[Dan. dewier.] 1. To abide as a permanent resident, or 
to inhabit for a time ; to live in a place. 2. To be in any 
state or condition ; to continue. 3. To continue ; to be 
fixed in attention ; to hang upon with fondness. 4. To 
continue long. 

DWELL, as a verb transitive, is not used. 

DWELL'ER, n. An inhabitant ; a resident. 

DW^ELL'ING, ppr. Inhabiting ; resi-ding ; sojourning ; con- 
tinuing with fixed attention. 

DWELL'ING, n. 1. Habitation ; place of residence ; abode. 
2. Continuance; residence; state of life. 

DWELL'ING-HOUSE, n. The house in which one lives, 

DWELL'mG-PLACE, n. The place of residence. 

DWIN'DLE, V. i. [Sax. dwinan.] 1. To diminish : to be- 
come less ; to shrink ; to waste or consume away. ' 2. To 
degenerate ; to sink ; to fall away. 

DWIN'DLE, V. t. 1. To make less ; to bring low. 2. To 
break ; to disperse. 

DWIN'DLED, a. Shrunk ; diminished in size. 

DW^IN'DLING, pjyr. Falling away ; becoming less ; pin- 
ing ; consuming ; moldering away. 

DWINE, V. i. To faint ; to grow feeble ; to pine. J\rorth of 
England. 

DYE, V. t. [Sax. deagan.] To stain ; to color ; to give a new 
and permanent color to ; applied particularly to cloth or the 
materials of cloth. 

DyBB, pp. Stained; colored. 

D?E'ING, ppr. Staining ; giving a new and permanent 
color. 

DltE'ING, n. The art or practice of giving new and perma- 
nent colors ; the art of coloring cloth, hats, &c. 

DYER, 71. One whose occupation is to dye cloth and the 
like. 

DY'ING, ppr. [from die.] 1. Losing life ; perishing ; expir- 
ing ; fading away ; languishing. 2. a. Mortal ; destined 
to death. 

DY'ING, n. Death, 2 Cor. 4. 

DY'ING-LY, adv. As at the moment of giving up the 
ghost. 

DY-NAM'E-TER, 71. [Gr. Svvajxig and nerpso).] An instru- 
ment for determining the magnifying power of telescopes. 

DYN-A-MET'RI-€AL, a. Pertaining to a dynameter. 

DY-NAM'I-€AL, a. [Gr. Svvanis.] Pertainmg to strength 
or power. 

DY-NAM'I€S, 71. The branch of meclianical philosophy 
which treats of moving powers, or the action of forces", 
when they give rise to motion. 

DYN-A-MOJM'E-TER, n. An instrument for measuring the 
relative strength of men and other animals. 

DY'NAST, 71. A ruler ; a governor ; a prince ; a govern- 
ment. 

DY-NAST'I€, a. Relating to a dynasty or line of kings. 

*DY'NAS-TY, 71. [Gr. ovvacrsia.] Government; sove- 
reignty ; or rather a race or succession of kings of the 
same line or family, who govern a particular country. 

DYS'€RA-SY, 7i. [Gr. SvaK^aaia.] In medicine, an ill habit 
or state of the humors ; distemperature of the juices. 

DYS-EN-TER'IC, a. 1. Pertaining to dysentery; accom- 
panied with dysentery ; proceeding from dysentery. 2, 
Afiiicted with dysenlery, 

DYS'EN-TER-Y, n. [L. dysenteria.] A flux in which the 
stools consist chiefly of blood and mucus or other morbid 
matter, accompanied with griping of the bowels, and fol- 
lowed by tenesmus. 

DYS'NO-MY, 71. [Gr. Svavojxia ] 111 ordering of laws; or 
the enacting bad laws. Cockeram 

DYS'0-DILE, 71. A species of coal 

DYS'0-REX-Y, 7!. [Gr. 5vs and opc^is.] A bad or depraved 
appetite ; a want of appetite. 

*DYS-PEP'SY, n. [Gr. Svcnrexpia.] Bad digestion ; indiges- 
tion, or difiiculty of digestion, 

DYS-PEP'Tie, a. 1. Afflicted with indigestion. 2. Per- 
taining to or consisting in dyspepsy. 

DYS'PHO-NY, n. [Gr. 8va<po}via.] A difiiculty of speak- 
ing, occasioned by an ill disposition of the organs of 
speech. Diet. 

DYSP-NOe'A, (disp-ne'a) ti. [Gr. ovcizvoia.] A difficulty 
of breathing. 

DYS'U-RY, 7!. [Gr. 5v(Tovpia.] Difficulty in discharging the 
urine, attended with pain and a sensation of heat. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH aa SH ; TH as in «Ais t ObsoUte 



EAR 



282 



EAR 



E. 



Ethe second vowel, and the fifth letter, of the English 
J Alphabet. Its long and natural sound in English, as 
in here, me, coincides with the sound of i in the Italian 
and French languages. It has a short sound, as in met, 
men ; and the sound of a open or long, in prey, vein. 
As a final letter, it is generally quiescent ; but it serves to 
lengthen the sound of the preceding vowel, or at least to 
indicate that the preceding vowel is to have its long 
sound, as in mane, cane, plume, which, without the final 
e, would be pronounced man, can, plum. After c and g, 
the final e serves to change these letters from hard to soft, 
or to indicate that c is to be pronounced as s, and g, as j. 
As a numeral, E stands for 250. In the calendar, it is 
the fifth of the dominical letters. As an abbreviatio)i, it 
stands for East, as in charts ; E. by S., East by South. 

EACH, a. [Scot, eik.'] Every one of any number separate- 
ly considered or treated. 

t eACH'WHBRE, adv. Every where. 

EAD, or ED, in names, is a Saxon word signifymg happy, 
fortunate ; as in Edioard, happy preserver ; Edgar, liappy 
power ; Edicin, happy conqueror. Gibson. 

EA'GER, (e'ger) a. [Fr. aigre.] 1. Excited by ardent de- 
sire in the pursuit of any object ; ardent to pursue, per- 
form or obtain ; inflamed by desire ; ardently wishing or 
longing. 2. Ardent ; vehement ; impetuous. 3, Sharp ; 
sour ; acid : [little used.] 4. Siiarp ; keen ; biting ; se- 
vere ; [little used.] Shak. 5. Brittle : inflexible ; not 
ductile ; [local.] Locke. 

eA'GEK-L V , adv. 1. With great ardor of desire ; ardent- 
ly : eaniestlv ;, warmly ; with prompt zeal. 2. Hastily ; 
impetuously". 3. Keenly ; sharply. 

EA'GER-NESS, n. 1. Ardent desire to do, pursue or obtain 
anything; animated zeal; vehement longing; ardor of 
inclination. 2. Tartness ; sourness ; [obs.] 

eA'GLE, n. [Fr. aigle.] 1. A rapacious fowl of the genus 
falco. 2. A gold coin of the United States, of the value 
of ten dollars. 3. A constellation in the northei-n herais- 

_ phere. 

EA'GLE-EyED, a. 1. Sharpsighted as an eagle ; having 
an acute sight. 2. Discerning ; having acute intellectual 
vision, 

i?.A'GLE-SiGHT'ED, a. Having acute sight. Shak. 

EA'GLE-SPEED, 71. Swiftness like that of an eagle 

kA'GLESS, n. A'female or hen eagle. 

EA'GLE-STONE, n. Etite, a variety of argillaceous oxyd 
of iron. 

EA'GLET, u. a young eagle, or a diminutive eagle. 

eA'GLE-WINGED, a. Having the wings of an eagle; 

_ swift as an eagle. Milton. 

eA'GRE, (e'gur) n. A tide swelling above another tide, as 
in the Severn. Dryden. 

EAL'DER-MAN. See Alderman. 

I^eAME, 71. [Sax. earn.] Uncle. Spenser. 

EAN, a. t. ori. To yean. See Yean. 

f^KAN'LING, n. A lamb just brought forth. 

EAR, 71. [Sax. ear, care.] 1. The organ of hearing ; the 
organ by which sound is perceived ; and, in general, both 
the external and internal part is understood by the term. 
2. The sense of hearing, or rather the power of distin- 
guishing sounds and judging of harmony. — 3. In the plu- 
ral, the head or person. 4. The top, or higliest part ; 
[loiD.] 5. A favorable hearing ; attention ; heed ; regard. 
C. Disposition to like or dislike what is heard ; opinion ; 
judgment ; taste. 7. Any part of a thing resembling an 
ear ; a projecting part from tlie side of any thing. 8. The 
spike of corn ; that part of certain plants which contains 
the flowers and seeds. 

To he by the ears, ^ 

To fall together by the cars, > to fight or scufile ; to quarrel. 

To go together by the ears, ) 

To set by the ears, to make strife ; to cause to quarrel. 

JeAR, v. i. To shoot, as an ear ; to form ears, as corn. 

f kAR, 7;. t. [L. aro.] To plough or till. 

■|;^EAR'A-BLE, a. Used to be tilled. Barret. 

EAR'a€HE, 71. [See Ache.] Pain in the ear. 

f EAR'AL, a. Receiving by the ear. Heioyt. 

EAR'-BoRED, a. Having the ear perforated. Hall. 

EAR'-DEAF'EN-ING, a. Stunning the ear with noise. 
Shak. 

EATIED, pp. Having ears ; having spikes formed, as corn. 

EAR'-E-RE€T'ING, ffl. Settingup the ears. Cowper. 

EAR'ING, n. In seamen's language, SismaM rope employed 
to fasten the upper corner of a sail to its yard. 

EAR'ING, 71. A ploughing of land. Oen. xliv. 

eAR'LAP, 71. The tip of the ear. 

eAR'LOGK, 71. [Sax. ear-Zoca.] A lock or curl of hair, near 
the ear. 



EAR'MARK, n. A mark on the ear, by which a sheep is 

_ known. 

eAR'MARK, v. t. To mark, as a sheep by cropping or 

slitting the ear. 

EAR PICK, n. An instrument for cleansing the ear. 

eAR'-PIER-CING, a. Piercing the ear, as a shrill or sharp 
sound. 

eAR'RING, 71. A pendant; an ornament, sometimes set 
with diamonds, pearls or other jewels, worn at the ear, 
by means of a ring passing through the lobe. 

eAR'SHOT, 71. Reach of the ear ; the distance at which 

_ words may be heard. Dryden. 

EAR'WAX, n. The cerumen ; a thick, viscous substance, 
secreted by the glands of the ear into the outer passage. 

EARWIG, n. [Sax. ear-wigga, ear-wicga.] A genus of 
insects of the order of coleopters. In JVejo England, this 
name is vulgarly given to a species of centiped. 

eAR'-WIT'NEsS, n. One who is able to give testimony 
to a fact from his own hearing. 

EARL, (erl) n. [Sax. eorl.] A British title of nobility, or a 
nobleman, the third in rank, being next below a marquis, 
and next above a viscount. 

EAIIL'DOM, (erl'dum) n. The seignory, jurisdiction or dig- 
nity of an earl. 

EARL'DOll-MAN, n. An ealderman. Burke. 

t EARLES'-PEN-NY, n. Money given in part payment. 

EARL-MARfSHAL, n. An officer in Great Britain, who 

_ has the superhitendence of military solemnities. 

eAR'LESS, a. Destitute of ears ; disinclined to hear or 
listen. 

EAR'LI-NESS, (er'le-nes) n. A state of advance or for- 
wardness ; a state of being before any thing, or at the 
beginning. 

EAR'LY, (er'ly) a. [from Sax. aa-, er.] 1. In advance of 
something else ; prior in time ; forward. 2. First; being 
at the beginning. 3. Being in good season. 

EAR'LY, (ei'ly) adv. Soon ; in good season ; betimes. 

EARN, (ern) v. t. [Sax. earnian, mrnian, gearvian.] 1. To 
merit or deserve by labor, or by any performance ; to do 
that which entitles to a reward, whether the reward is 
received or not. 2. To gain by labor, service or perform- 
ance ; to deserve and receive as compensation. 

EARN, V. i. [G. gerinnen.] To curdle. 

EARN, ?;. i. [Sax. gyrnan.] To long for ; to feel anxiety, 
Spenser. See Yearn. 

EARNED, (ernd) pp. Merited by labor or performance ; 
gained. 

EARN'EST, (ern est) a. [Sa.x. earnest, or geornest.] 1. Ar 
dent in the pursuit of an object ; eager to obtain ; having 
a longing desire ; warmly engaged or incited. 2. Ardent ; 
warm ; eager ; zealous ; animated ; importunate. 3. In- 
tent ; fixed. 4. Important ; serious ; that is, really intent 
or engaged. 

EARN'EST, (ern'est) n. 1. Seriousness ; a reality ; a real 
event ; as opposed tojesting or feigned appearance. Sidney. 
2. First fruits ; that which is in advance, and gives prom- 
ise of something to come. 

EARN'EST-LY, (ern'est-ly) adv. 1. Warmly ; zealously ; 
importunately ; eagerly ; with real desire. 2. With fixed 
attention ; with eagerness. 

EARN'EST-NESS, (ern'est-nes) n. 1. Ardor or zeal in the 
pursuit of any thing; eagerness; animated desire. 2. 
/iuxious care ; solicitude; intenseness of desire. 3. Fix- 
ed desire or attention ; seriousness. 

fEARN'FUL, (ern'ful) a. Full of anxiety. Fletcher. 

EARN'INGr, (ern'ing) ppr. Meriting by services ; gaining 
by labor or performance. 

EARN'IKG, (ern'ing) n. ; phi. Earnings. That which is 
earned ; that which is gained or merited by labor, ser- 
vices or performance ; wages ; reward. 

tEARSH,K. [See Ear, to plough.] A ploughed field. May. 

EARTH, (erth) n. [Sax. card, eorth, yrth.] 1. Earth, inite 
primary sense, signifies the particles which compose the 
mass of the globe, but jnore particularly, the particles 
v/hich form the fine mold on the surface of the globe ; ot 
it denotes any indefinite mass or portion of that matter, 
Tliis substance being considered, by ancient philosophers, 
as simple, was called an element; and, in popular lan- 
guage, we still hear of tlie four elements, fire, air, earth. 
and water. — 2. In chemistry, the term earth was, till 
lately, employed to denote a simple elementary body or 
substance, tasteless, inodorous, uninflammable and infu- 
sible. But it has also been applied to substances which 
have a very sensible alkaline taste, as lime. The primi- 
tive earths are reckoned ten in number, viz., silex, alumin, 
lime, magnesia, barytes, strnntian, zircon, glucin, yttria, 
and thorina. Silliman. 3. The terraqueous globe which 



* See Synopsis A, E, 1, O, U ■?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PTN, MARiNE, BIRD ;— + Obsolete. 



EAS 



283 



EBB 



earth. Dryden. 2. To 



we inhabit. 4. The world, as opposed to other scenes of 
existence. S. The inhabitants of the globe. 6. Dryland, 
opposed to the sea. 7. Country; region; a distinct part 
of the globe. 8. The ground ; the surface of the earth.— 
9. In Scripture, things on the earth are carnal, sensual, 
temporary things ; opposed to heavenly, spiritual or divine 
things. — 10. Figur atively, SlXow CiynAitiow. Rev. xii. 11. 
[from ear. Sax. erian, L. aro, to plough.] The act of turn- 
ing up the ground in tillage ; [not used.] 

EARTH, V. t. 1. To hide in the eartl 
cover with earth or mold. 

EARTH, V. i. To retire under ground ; to burrow, 

EARTH BAG, n. A bag filled with earth, used for defense 
in war. 

EARTH'BANK, n. A bank or mound of earth. 

EARTH'BOARD, w. The board of a plough that turns over 
the earth ; the mold-board. 

EARTH'BORN, a. 1. Born of the earth ; terrigenous ; 
springing originally from the earth. 2. Eartldy ; terrestrial. 

EARTH'BOUND, a. Fastened by the pressure of the earth. 

EARTH'BRED, a. Low ; abject ; groveling. 

EARTH'-€RE-aT'ED, a. Formed of earth. Youtkt. 

EARTH'EN, (erth'n) a. Made of earth ; made of clay. 

EARTH'FED, a. Low; abject. B. Jonson. 

EARTH'FLAa, w, Amianth j a fibrous, ilexile, elastic min- 

EARTH'1-NESS, n. The quality of being earthy, or of con- 
taining earth ; grossness. Johnson. 

EARTH'LI-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being earthly ; gross- 
ness. . 2. Worldliness ; strong attachment to worldly things. 

EARTH'LING, n. An inhabitant of tlie earth ; a mortal ; 
a frail creature. Drummond. 

EARTH'LY, a. 1. Pertaining to the earth, or to this world. 

2. Not heavenly; vile; mean. 3. Belonging to our pres- 
ent state. 4. Belonging to the earth or world ; carnal ; 
vile ; as opposed to spiritual or heavenly. 5. Corporeal ; 
not mental. 

EARTH'LY-MIND'ED, a. Having a mind devoted to 

earthly things. 
EARTH'LY-MiND'ED-NESS, n. Grossness ; sensuality ; 

extreme devotedness to earthly objects. 
EARTH'NUT, n. The groundnut, or root of the arachis ; 

a small round bulb or knob, like a nut. 
EARTH'NUT, n. The pignut, or bunium ; a globular root. 
EARTH'Q,UAKE, n. A shaking, trembling or concussion 

of the earth ; sometimes a slight tremor ; at other times a 

violent shaking or convulsion ; at other times a rocking 

or heaving of the earth. 
EARTH'SHaK-ING, a. Sliaking the earth ; having power 

to shake the earth. Milton. 
EARTH'WoRM, n. I. The dew-worm, a species of Zwm- 

bricus ; a worm that lives under ground. 2. A mean, 

sordid wretch. 
E ARTH'Y, a. I. Consisting of earth. 2. Resembling earth. 

3. Partaking of earth ; terrene. 4. Inhabiting the earth ; 
terrestrial. 5. Relating to earth. 6. Gross; not refined. 
7. Earthy fracture, in mineralogy, is when the fracture of 

_ a mineral is rough. 

EASE, (eze) n. [Pr. aise ; Arm. aez.] 1. Rest ; an undis- 
turbed state. Applied to the body, freedom from pain, 
disttirbance, excitement or annoyance. — 2. Applied to the 
mind, a quiet state ; tranquillity ; freedom from pain, 
concern, anxiety, solicitude, or anything that frets or 
ruffles the mind. 3. Rest from labor. 4. Facility ; free- 
dom from difficulty or great labor. 5. Freedom from stiff- 
ness, harshness, forced expressions, or unnatural arrange- 
ment, 6. Freedom from constraint or formality ; unaf- 
fectedness. — J!t ease, in an undisturbed state ; free from 
pain or anxiety. 

£ASE, V. t. 1. To free from pain or any disquiet or annoy- 
ance, as the body ; to relieve ; to give rest to. 2. To free 
from anxiety, care or disturbance, as the mind. 3. To 
remove a burden from, either of body or mind. 4. To 
mitigate ; to alleviate ; to assuage ; to abate or remove in 
part any burden, pain, grief, anxiety or disturbance. 5. 
To quiet ; to allay ; to destroy. — To ease off or ease away, 
in seamen^s language, is to slacken a rope gradually.— 
To ease a ship, is to put the helm hard alee, to prevent 

_ her pitching, when close-hauled. 

KASE'FUL, tt. Quiet; peaceful; fit for rest. Shak. 

EASE FUL-LY, arit). With ease or quiet. Shcrxcood. 

kAS'EL, 71. The frame on which painters place their canvas. 

iT.ASE'LESS, a. Wanting ease. Donne, 

EASEMENT, n. I. Convenience ; accommodation ; that 
which gives ease, relief or assistance. Swift.— 2. In law, 
any privilege or convenience which one man has of an- 
other, either by prescription or charter, without profit ; 
as a way through his land, &c. 

EAS'I-LY, adv. I. Without difficulty or great labor ; with- 
out great exertion, or sacrifice of labor or expense. 2, 
Without pain, anxiety or disturbance ; in tranquillity. 3. 
Readily ; without the pain of reluctance. 4. Smoothly ; 
quietly ; gently ; without tumult or discord. 5. Without 
violent shaking or jolting. 



EAS'I-NESS, n. 1. Freedom from difficulty ; ease. 2. 
Flexibility ; readiness to comply ; prompt compliance ; a 
yielding or disposition to yield without opposition or re- 
luctance. 3. Freedom from stiffness, constraint, effort or 
formality. 4. Rest ; tranquillity ; ease ; freedom from 
pain. Ray, 5. Freedom from shaking or jolting, as of a 

_ moving vehicle. 6. Softness. 

eAS'INGS, 7). plu. 1. The eavea of houses. Grose. JVortk 

_ of England. 2. Dung ; as, cow's casings. Craven Dialect. 

EAST, n. [Sax. east.] 1. The point in the heavens, where 
the sun is seen to rise at the equinox, or when it is in the 
equinoctial, or the corresponding point on the earth ; one 
of the four cardinal points. 2. The eastern parts of the 
earth ; the regions or countries which lie east of Europe, 

_ or other country. 

EAST, a. Towards the rising sun; or towards the point 
where the sun rises, when in the equinoctial. 

eAS'TER, n. [Sax. easter.] A festival of the Christian 
church, observed in commemoration of our Savior's res- 
urrection. It answers to the pascha or passover of the 
Hebrews, and most nations still give it this name, pascha, 

_ pask, paqite. 

eAS'TER-LING, n. 1. A native of some country eastward 
of another. 2. A species of waterfowl. 

EAS'TER-LING. See Sterling. 

EAS'TER-LY, a. I. Coming from the eastward. 2. Situ- 
ated towards the east. 3. Towards the east. 4. Looking 

_ towards the east. 

E AS'TER-LY, adv. On the east ; in the direction of east. 

eAS'TERN, a. [Sax. eastern.'] 1. Oriental ; being or 
dwelling in the east. 2. Situated towards the east ; on 
the east part. 3. Going towards the east, or in the direc- 

_ tion of east. 

eAST'WARD, adv. Tovv^ard the east ; in the direction of 

_ east from some point or place. 

eAS'Y, (e'zy) a. 1. Quiet ; being at rest ; free from pain, 
disturbance or annoyance. 2. Free from anxiety, care, 
solicitude or peevishness ; quiet ; tranquil. 3. Giving no 
pain or disturbance. 4. Not difficult ; that gives or re- 
quires no great labor or exertion ; that presents no great 
obstacles. 5. Not causing labor or difficulty. 6. Smooth; 
not uneven : not rough or very hilly ; that may be trav- 
eled with ease. 7. Gentle ; moderate ; not pressing. 8. 
Yielding with little or no resistance ; complying ; credu- 
lous. 9. Ready; not unwilling. 10. Contented-, satis- 
fied. 11. Giving ease ; freeing from labor, care or the 
fatigue of business ; furnishing abundance without toil ; 
affluent. 12. Not constrained ; not stiff or formal. 13. 
Smooth; flowing'; not harsh. 14. Not jolting. 15. Not 
heavy or burdensome. 

EAT, V. t. ; pret. ate ; pp. eat or eaten. [Sax. hitan, eatan, 
ytan and etan.] 1. To bite or chew and swallow, as food. 
2. To corrode ; to wear away ; to separate parts of a thing 
gradually. 3. To consume ; to waste. 4. To enjoy. 5. 
To consume ; to oppress. 6. To feast. — In Scripture, to 
eat the flesh of Christ, is to believe on him and be nour- 
ished by faith. — To cat owe'.? words, is to swallow back , 

_ to take back what has been uttered ; to retract. Hadibras. 

EAT, v.i. 1 . To take food ; to feed ; to take a meal, or to 
board. 2. To take food ; to be maintained in food. — To 
eat, or to eat in or into, is to make way by corrosion ; to 
gnaw ; to enter by gradually wearing or separating the 

_ parts of a substance. — To eat out, to consume. 

eAT'X-BLE, a. That may be eaten ; fit to be eaten; proper 

_ for food ; esculent. 

eAT'A-BLE, n. Any thing that may be eaten ; that which 

_ is fit for food ; that which is used as food. 

eAT'A6E, n. Food for horses and cattle from the after- 
math. See After-eatage. 

EAT'EN, (5'tn) pp. Chewed and swallowed ; consumcvl ; 
corroded. 

eAT'ER, n. One who eats ; that which eats or corrodes ; a 
corrosive. 

t_EATH, a. and adv. Easy ; easily. 

kAT'IN'G, ppr. Chewing and swallowing ; consuming ; 
corroding. 

eAT'ING-HOUSE, n. A house v/here provisions are sold 
ready dressed. 

eAV'ER, or EEV'ER, n. A cornerorquarter of the heavens; 
as, the wind is in the rainy eaver. Cheshire Gloss. 

EAVES, n. plu. [Sax. efese.] The edge or lower border of 
the roof of a building, which overhangs the walls, and 
casts off the water that falls on the roof. 

EAVES'-DROP, v. i. To stand under the eaves or near tf.e 
Avindows of a house, to listen and leam what is said 
within doors. 

eAVES'-DROP'-PER, n. One who stands under the eaves 
or near the window or door of a house, to listen and hear 
what is said within doors. 

EBB, n. [Sax. ebbe, ebba.] 1. The reflux of the tide ; tho 
return of tide water towards the sea ; opposed to flood or 
flowing. 2. Decline ; decay ; a falling from a better to a 
worse state. ^, 

EBB, V. i. [Sax. ebban.] 1. To flow back ; to return as the 



• See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— €ag K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this, j Obsolete 



ECH 



284 



ECS 



water of a tide towards the ocean ; opposed to flow. 2. 
To decay ; to decline ; to return oi' fall back firom a better 
to a worse state. 

EBB'ING, ppr. Flowing back ; declining ; decaying. 

EBFING, n. The reflux of the tide. 

EBB'TIDE, n. The reflux of tide-water ; the retiring tide. 

t EB'EN,_or j EB'ON, n. The same as ehomj. 

EB'I-O-NlTE, 71. The Rhimdtcs were heretics who denied 
the divinity of Christ, and rejected many parts of the 
Scriptures. 

EB'I-O-NiTE, a. Relating to the heresy of the Ebionites. 
Whiston. 

EB'ON,_a. Consisting of ebony ; like ebony 5 black. 

EB'O-NiZE, V. t. To make black or tawny ; to tinge with 
the color of ebony. Walsh. 

£B'0-NY, 71. [L. ebenus.] A species of hard, heavy and 
durable wood, which admits of a fine polish or gloss. 

EB'O -NY-TREE, n. The ebenus, a small tree. 

E-BRA€ TE-ATE, a. In botany, without a bractea or floral 
leaf^ 

E- BRi'E-TY, 11. [L. ebrietas.'] Drunkenness ; intoxication 
by spirituous liquors. 

E-BRIL'LADE, 71. [Fr.] A check given to a horse, by a 
sudden jerk of one rein, when he refuses to turn, 

E-BRI-OS'I-TY, n. [L. ebriosiias.'] Habitual drunkenness. 

E BUL'LIEN-CY, 71. [See Ebullition.] A boiling over. 
Cudworth. 

£-BUL'LIENT, a. Boiling over, as a liquor. Young. 

EB-UL-LI"TION, n. [L. ebullitio.] 1. The operation of 
boiling ; the agitation of a liquor by heat, which tlirows it 
up in bubbles. 2. Eflervescence, which is occasioned by 
fermentation, or by any other process which causes the 
extrication of an aeriform fluid, as in the mixture of an 
acid with a cai-bonated alkali. 

E-€AU'DATE, a. In botany, without a tail or spur. 

E€-CEN'TRI€, ) a. [L. eccentricus.] 1. Deviating or 

E€-CEN'TRI-€AL, ] departing from the centre.— 2. In 
geometry, not having the same centre. 3. Not tenninat- 
mg in the same point, nor directed by the same prmciple. 
4. Deviating from stated methods, usual practice or estab- 
lished forms or laws ; irregular ; anomalous ; departmg 
from the usual course ; as, an eccentric genius. 

EC-CEN'TRI€, n. 1. A circle not having the same centre 
as another. 2. That which is irregular or anomalous. 

E€>-CEN-TRIC'I-TY, n. 1. Deviation from a centre. 2. 
Tlie state of having a centre diflerent from that of another 
circle. — 3. In astronomy, the distance of the centre of a 
planet's orbit from the centre of the sun ; that is, the dis- 
tance between the centre of an ellipse and its focus. 4. 
Departure or deviation from that which is stated, regular 
or usual. 5. Excursion from the proper sphere. 

EC-CHY-MOSIS, n. [Gr. e/cvv/twat?.] In medicine, an 
appearance of livid spots on the skin, occasioned by ex- 
travasated blood. 

EC-CLE-SI-AS'TES, n. [Gr.] A canonical book of the Old 
Testament. 

EC-€LE-SI-AS'TI€, ) a. [Gr. tKK\r,aia(jTiKog.] Pertain- 

Ee-CLE-Sf-AS'TI-CAL, S ing or relating to the church.— 
Ecclesiastical state is the body of the clergy. 

E€-€LE-SI-AS'TI€, 71. A person in orders, or consecrated 
to the service of the church and the ministry of religion. 

Ee-€LE-Sl-AS'TI-€US, n. A book of the Apocrypha. 

Ee-eO-PROT'I€, a. [Gr. zk and /co-poj-] Having the qual- 
ity of promoting alviue discharges ; laxative ; joosening ; 
gently cathartic. 

E€-F.O-PR0T'I€, 71. A medicine which purges gently ; a 
mild cathartic. Coxe. 

ECrl-E-LON', n. [Fr.] In military tactics, the position of 
an army in the form of steps, or with one division more 
advanced than another. Wellington. 

E€H'1-^'ATE, la. [L. echimis.'] Set with prickles; 

ECH'I-NA-TED, ) prickly, like a hedgehog ; having sharp 
points; bristled. Martyn. 

E€H'1N-ITE, 71. A fossil found in chalk pits, called cen- 
tronia. 

E-eHT'NUS, 77. [L.] 1. A hedgehog. 2. A shell-fish set 
witli prickles or spines. — 3. With botanists,^ ■gxXcl'.ly head 
or top of a plant; an echinated pericarp. — 1. In architec- 
ture, a member or ornament near the bottom of Ionic, 
Corinthian or Composite capitals. 

ECH'O, 71. [L. echo.'] 1. A sound reflected or reverberated 
from a sqlid body ; sound returned ; repercussion of sound. 
— ^2. In fabulous history, a nymph, the daughter of the 
Air and Tellus, who pined into a sound, for love of Nar- 
cissus.^. In architecture, a vault or arch for redoubling 
sounds. 

ECH'O, v.i. 1. To resound; to reflect sound. 2. To be 
sounded back. 

ECH'O, V. t. To reverberate or send back sound ; to return 
what has been uttered. 

ECH'OED, pp. Reverberated, as sound. 

E€H'0-ING, ppr. Sending back sound. 

E-€HOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. r]')^os and //crpov.] Among musi- 



cians, a scale or rule, serving to measure the duration of 

sounds. 

E-eUOM'E-TRY, «. 1. The art or act of measuring the 
duration of sounds. 2. The art of constmcting vaults to 
produce echoes. 

E-€LaIR'CiSE, v. t. [Ft. eclair dr.'] To make clear ; to 
explain ; to clear up what is not understood or misunder- 
stood. 

* E-CLaIR'CISSE-MENT, (ek-klare'seez-ma n. [Fr.] 
Explanation ; the clearing up of any thing not before un- 
derstood. 

E-CLAMP'SY, n. [Gr. wXa^'/'tj.] A shining ; a flashing 
of light ; a symptom of epilepsy. Hence, epilepsy itself. 

* E-CLAT', (e-kla') n. [Fr.] 1. A burst of applause ; accla- 
mation j applause 3 approbation j renown. 2. Splendor ; 
show ; pomp. 

EC-LEC'TIC, a. [Gx. iKkiKriKos.] Selecting; choosing; 
an epithet given to certain philosophers of antiquity, who 
did not attach themselves to any particular sect, but select- 
ed from the opinions and principles of each what they 
thoi'ght solid and good. 

EC-LEC'TIC, 71. I. A philosopher who selected from the 
various systems such opinions and principles as he judged 
to be sound and rational. 2. A Christian who adhered to 
the doctrines of the Eclectics. Also, one of a sect of phy- 
sicians. 

EC-LEC'TI-CAL-LY, adv. By way of choosing or select- 
ing ; in the manner of the eclectical philosophers. 

EC-LEGM', (ek-lem') n. [Gr. £« and \ei')(y>,] A nledicme 
made by the incorporation of oils with sirups. 

E-CLlPSE', (e-klips') n. [L. eclipsis.] \. Literally, a iefect or 
failure ; hence, in astronomy, an interception or obscura- 
tion of the light of the sun, moon or other luminous body. 
2. Darkness ; obscuration. 

E-CLiPSE', (e-khps') v. t. 1. To hide a luminous body, in 
whole or in part, and intercept its rays. 2. To obscure ; 
to darken, by intercepting the rays of light which render 
luminous. 3. To cloud ; to darken ; to obscure. 4. To 
disgrace. 5. To extinguish. 

E-CIjIPSE', (e-klips') v. i. To suflTer an eclipse. Milton. 

E-CLiPS'ED, (e-klipsf) pp. Concealed 3 darkened ; obscur- 
ed ; disgraced. 

E-CLIPS'ING, ppr. Concealing; obscuring; darkening; 
clouding. 

E-CLIP'TIC, n. [Gr. eKXunTiKog.] 1. A great circle of the 
sphere supposed to be drawn through the middle of the 
zodiac, making an angle with the equinoctial of 23° 30', 
which is the sun's greatest declination. Tne ecliptic is 
the apparent path of the sun. — 2. In geography, a great 
circle on the ten-estriai globe, answermg to and faUing 
within the plane of the celestial ecliptic. 

E-CLIP'TIC, a. Pertainmg to or described by the ecliptic. 
2. Suffering an eclipse. Herbert. 

ECLOGUE, (ek'log) n. [Gr. EK'koyTi.] A pastoral poem, in 
which shepherds are introduced conversing with each 
other. 

EC-O-NOM'IC, ) a. 1. Pertaining to the regulation of 

EC-0-NOM'I-CAL, \ household concerns. 2. Managing 
■ domestic or public pecuniary concerns with frugality. 3. 
Frugal; regulated by frugality; not wasteful or extravagant. 

EC-0-NOM'I-CAL-LY, adv. With economy; with frugality 

E-COA"'0-MIST, 71. 1. One who manages domestic or other 
concerns with frugality. 2. One who writes on economy; 
the writerof a treatise on economy . 

E-CON'O-MiZE, V. i. To manage pecuniary concerns with 
frugality ; to make a prudent use of money, or of the 
means of saving or acquiring property. 

E-CON'0-MiZE, V. t. To use with prudence; to expend 
with frugalitv. 

E-CON'O-MlZED, pp. Used with frugality. 

E-CON'O-MIZ-ING, ppr. Using with frugality. 

E-CON'O-MY, n. [L. ceconomia.] 1. The management, 
regulation and government of a family or the concerns of 
a household. 2. The management of pecuniary concerns 
or the expenditure of money. 3. A frugal and judicious 
use of money ; frugahty in the necessary expenditure of 
money. It differs fi-om parsimony, which implies an im- 
proper saving of expense. — 4. The disposition or arrange- 
ment of any work. Dry den. 5. A system of rules, regu- 
lations, rites and ceremonies. 6. The regular operations 
of nature in the generation, nutrition and preservation of 
animals or plants. 7. Distribution or due order of things. 
8. Judicious and frugal management of public affaks. 9 
System of management ; general regulation and disposi- 
tion of the affaus of a state or nation, or of any depart- 
ment of government. 

EC-PHRAC'TIC. a. [Gr. ek and (ppuTTco.] In medicine, de- 
obstruent ; attenuating. 

EC-PHRAC'TIC, n. A medicine which dissolves or atten- 
uates viscid matter, and removes obstructions. 

EC'STA-SIED, a. Enraptured ; ravished ; transported ; de- 
lighted. 

EC'STA-SY, 71. [Gr. EKCTaais.] 1. A fixed state ; a trance 



* See Synapsis, a, E, T, O, U, ^, long.—FkR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARKNE, BIRD :— t Obsolete. 



EDG 



285 



EDU 



a state in which the mind is arrested and fixed, or, as we 
say, lost ; a state in which the functions of the senses are 
suspended by the contemplation of some extraordinary or 
supernatural object. 2. Excessive joy ; rapture ; a de- 
gree of delight that arrests the whole mind. 3. Enthusi- 
asm ; excessive elevation and absorption of mind ; ex- 
treme delight. 4. Excessive grief or anxiety ; [not used.] 
Shak. 5. Madness ; distraction ; [not used.] Shak.—6. In 
medicine, a species of catalcpsrj, when the person remem- 
bers, after the paroxysm is over, the ideas he had during 
the fit. 

Ee'STA-SY, V. t. To fill with rapture or enthusiasm. 

E€-STAT'I€, )a. 1. Arresting the mind ; suspending 

j!l€-STAT'I-€AL, \ the senses ; entrancing. 2. Raptur- 
ous ; transporting ; ravishing ; delightful beyond measme 
3. Tending to external objects ; [not used.] 

EC'T^-PAL, a. Taken from the original. Ellis. 

t E€'TyPE, n. [Gr. £ktvt:o5.] A copy. Locke. 

£€-U-MEN'I€, ) a. [Gr. oikovuzvikos.] General ; uni- 

E€-U-MEN'I-€AL, \ versal. 

E€'U-RIE, n. [Fr.] A stable ; a covered place for horses. 

E-Da'CIOUS, a. [L. edax.] Eating 3 given to eating 5 gree- 
dy 3 voracious. 

E-DAC'I-TYj n. [L. edacitas.] Greediness 5 voracity ; rav- 
enousness 3 rapacity. 

ED'DER, 71. [qu. Sax. eder.] In husbandry, such wood as 
is worked into the top of hedge-stakes to bind tliem to- 
g-ether. 

ED'DER, n. [Sax. (etter.] A viper. 

ED'DER, V. t. To bind or make tight by edder 5 to fasten 
the tops of hedge-stakes, by interweaving edder, Eng- 
land. _ 

ED'DISH, or eAD'ISH, n. The latter pasture or grass that 
comes after mowing or reaping 5 called also eagrass, 
carsh, etch. [JVot used, I believe, in America.] 

ED'DOES, or ED'DERS, n. A name given to a variety of 
the arum esculentum, an esculent root. 

ED'DY, 71. [Sax. ed and ea.] I. A current of water running 
back, or in a direction contrary to the main stream. 2. A 
whirlpool 3 a current of water or air in a circular direction. 

EDDY, V. i. To move circularly, or as an eddy. 

ED'DY, a. Whirling 3 moving circularly. Drydcn. 

ED'DY-WA'TER, 71. Among seamen, the \vater which 
falls back "on the rudder of a ship under sail, called dead- 
water 

ED'DY-WIND, 71. The wind returned or beat back from a 
sail, a mountain or any thing that hinders its passage. 

ED'E-LITEj 71. A siliceous stone of a light gray color. 

E-DEM'A-TOUS, a. [Gr. olStjiiu.] Swelling with a serous 
humor 3 dropsical. 

E-DEN, 71. [Heb,] The country and garden in which Adam 
and Eve were placed by God himself. 

E'DEN-lZED, a. Admitted into Paradise. Davies. 

E-DEN'TA-TED, a. [L. edentatus.] Destitute or deprived 
of teeth. Diet. 

t E-DEN-Ta'TION, n. A pulling out of teeth. Cockeram. 

EDGE, 71. [Sax. ecg ; Dan. eg.] 1. In a general sense, the 
extreme border or point of any thing. It is particularly 
applied to the sharp border, the thin cutting extremity of 
an instrument.— 2. Figuratively, that which cuts or pene- 
trates 5 that which wounds or injures. 3. A narrow part 
rising from a broader. 4. Sharpness of mind or appe- 
tite 5 keenness 3 intenseness of desire 5 fitness for action 
or operation. .5. Keenness 3 sharpness 5 acrimony. — To 
set the teeth on edge, to cause a tingling or grating sensa- 
tion in the teeth. Bacon. 

EDGE, V. t. [W. hogi; Sax. eggian.] 1. To sharpen. 2. 
To furnish with an edge. 3. To border 3 to fringe. 4. 
To border 3 to furnish with an ornamental border. 5. To 
sharpen 3 to exasperate 3 to embitter. 6 To incite 5 to 
provoke 5 to urge on 3 to instigate 3 that is, to push on as 
with a sharp point 3 to goad. 7. To move sideways 3 to 
move by little and little. 

EDGE, V. i. 1. To move sideways ; to move gradually. 
2. To saU close to the wind. — To edge away, in sailing, 
is to decline gradually from the shore or from the line of 
the course. — To edge in -with, to draw near to, as a ship in 
chEising. 

EDGED, pp. 1. Furnished with an edge or border. 2. In- 
cited 5 instigated. 3. a. Sharp 3 keen. 

EDGE'LESS,"a. Not sharp 5 blunt 3 obtuse 3 unfit to cut or 
penetrate. Shak. 

EDGE'TOOL, 71. An instrument having a sharp edge. 

EDGE'WiSE, adv. 1. With the edge turned forward, or 
towards a particular point ; in tlie direction of the edge. 
2. Sideways 3 with the side foremost. 

EDG'ING, ppr. 1. Giving an edge 3 furnishing with an 
edge, 2, Inciting 3 urging on 3 goadmg 3 stimulating 3 
instigating. 3. Moving gradually or sideways. 4. Fur- 
nishing with a bordet. 

EIDG'ING, 71, 1, That which is added on the border, or 
which forms the edge 5 as lace, fringe, trimming, added 
to a garment for ornament. 2. A narrow lace. — 3, In 



gardening, a row of small plants set along the border of a 
flower-bed. 

ED'I-BLE, a. [L. edo.] Eatable 3 fit to be eaten as food • 
esculent. 

* E'DI€T, n. [L. edictum.] That which is uttered or pro- 
claimed by authority as a rule of action 3 an order issued 
by a prince to his subjects, as a rule or law requiring obe- 
dience 3 a proclamation of command or prohibition. 

ED'I-FI-€ANT, or E-DIF'I-€ANT, a. Building, [Little 
used.] 

ED-I-FI-€a'TION, n. [L, cedificatio.] 1, A building up, in 
a moral and religious sense 3 instruction 3 improvement 
and progress of the mind, in knowledge, in morals, or in 
faith and holiness, 2, Instruction 3 improvement of the 
mind in any species of useful knowledge. 

ED'I-FI-€A-T0-RY, or E-DIF'I-€A-TO-RY, a. Tending 
to edification. Hall. 

ED'I-FICE, n. [L. a:dijicium.] A building 3 a structure 3 a 
fabricj but appropriately, a large or splendid building. 

ED-I-Fl'CIAL, a. Pertaining to edifices or to structure. 

ED'I-FlED, pp. Instructed 3 improved in literary, moral or 
religious knowledge. 

ED'I-Fi-ER, 71, One that improves another by instructing 
him, 

EDI-FY, V. t. [L. mdifico.] 1, To build, in a literal sense ; 
[not 71010 used/] 2. To instruct and improve the mind in 
knowledge generally, and particularly in moral Eind reli- 
gious knowledge, in faith and holiness. 3. To teach or 
persuade 3 [not used.] 

ED'I-FY-ING, ppr. Building up in Christian knowledge 5 
instructing 3 improving the mind. 

ED'T-FY-ING-LY, adv. In an edifying manner. 

E'DlLE, 71. [L. cedilis.] A Roman magistrate whose chief 
business was to superintend buildings of all kinds, more 

_ especiallv public edifices, temples, bridges, aqueducts, &c. 

E'DlLE-SHIP, 7!. The ofiiceofedile in ancient Rome. 

ED'IT, V. t. [L. edo.] 1. Properly, to publish 5 7noi-e tisu- 
ally, to superintend a publication 5 to prepai-e a book or 
paper for the public eye, by writing, correcting or select- 
ing the matter. 2. To publish. 

ED'IT-ED, pp. Published 3 corrected 3 prepared and pub- 
lished. 

ED'IT-ING, ppr. Publishing 3 preparing for publication. 

E-Dl'TION, 71. [la.editio.] 1, The publication of any book 
or writing. 2. Republication 5 sometimes with revision 
and correction. 3. Any publication of a book before pub- 
lished 3 also, one impression or the whole number of 
copies published at once. 

t E-Dl"l'ION-ER, n. The old word for editor. Gregory. 

ED'I-TOR, 71. [L.l 1. A "pnhlishex ; particularly , -jl person 
who superintends an impression of a book 3 the person 
who revises, corrects and prepares a book for publication. 
2. One who superintends the publication of a newspaper, 

ED-I-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to an editor 3 written by an 
editor. 

ED'I-TOR-SHIP, 71. The business of an editor. 

t E-DIT'U-ATE, V. t. [Low L. mdituor.] To defend or 
govern the house or temple. 

ED'U-€ATE, X. t. [L. educo.] To bring up, as a child 3 to 
instruct 3 to inform and enlighten the understanding 5 to 
instill into the mind principles of arts, science, morals, 
religion and behavior. 

ED'U-€A-TED, pp. Brought up 5 instructed 3 furnished 
with knowledge or principles 3 trained ; disciplined. 

ED'U-€A-TING,ppr. Instructing 3 enlightening the under- 
standing, and forming the manners. 

ED-U-€aTION, 71. [L.. educatio.] The bringing up, as of a 
child 5 instruction 5 formation of manners. 

ED-U-OaTION-AL,' a. Pertaining to education 3 derived 
from education. Smith. 

EDU-€A-T0R, 71, One who educates, Beddoes. 

E-DdCE', v. t. [L. educo.] To bring or draw out 3 to ex- 
trEict 5 to produce from a state of occultation. 

E-Du'CED, (e-diist') pp. Drawn forth 3 extracted 3 pro 
duced. 

E-Du'ClNGj ppr Drawing forth 3 producing. 

E'DU€T, 71 [L. eductum.] Extracted matter 3 that which 
is educed. 

E-DU€'TION, 71, The act of drawing out or bringing into 
view. 

E-DU€T'OR, 71. That which brings forth, elicits or extracts 

E-DUL'eO-RATE, v. t. [Low L. edulco.] 1. To purify , to 
sweeten. — In c/teTjitsir?/, to render substances more mild, 
by freeing them from acids and salts or other soluble im- 
purities, by washing. 2. To sweeten, by adding sugar, 
sirup, &;c. 

E-DL'L'€0-RA-TED, pp. Sweetened 5 purified from acid or 
saline substances, and rendered more mild. 

E-DUL'€0-RA-TING, ppr. Sweetening 3 rendering more 
mild, 

E-DUL-€0-Ra'TION, n. 1. The act of sweetening or ren- 
dering more mild, by freeing from acid or saline sub- 
stances, or from any soluble impurities, 2. The ari of 
sweetening by admixture of some saccharine substance. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE 3— BULL, UNITE — € as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete 



EFF 



286 



EFF 



E-DUL'€0-RA-T1VE, a. Having the quality of sweetening. 

EEK. See Eke. 

EEL, 11. [Sax. <eL] A species of murcBna, a genus of fishes 
belonging io the order of apodes. 

EEL'-FISH-ING, n. The act or art of catching eels, 

EEL'POT, n. A kind of basket used for catching eels. 

EEL'POUT, 71. A species of gadus, resembling an eel. 

EEL'SKIN, n. The skin of an eel. 

EEL'SPeAR, n. A forked instrument used for stabbing eels. 

E'EN, contracted from even, which see. 

EFF, n. A lizard. 

t EF'FA-BLE, a. [L. effaUlis.] Utterable ; that may be ut- 
tered or spoken. 

EF-FaCE , V. t. [Fr. effacer.] 1. To destroy a figure on the 
surface of any thing, whether painted or carved, so as to 
render it invisible or not distinguishable. 2. To blot out ; 
to erase, strike or scratch out, so as to destroy or render 
illegible. 3. To destroy any impression on the mind ; to 
wear away. — To deface is to injure or impair a figure ; to 
efface is to rub out or destroy, so as to render invisible. 

EF-Fa'CED, (ef-faste') pp. Eubbed or worn out ; destroy- 
ed , as a figure or impression. 

EF-Fa'CING, ppr. Destroying a figure, character or im- 
pression, on any thing. 

t EF-FAS'CIN-ATE. -y. t. To bewitch; to charm. Cockeram. 

EF-FAS-CI-Na'TIO'N, -a. The act of being bewitched or 
deluded. Shelford. 

EF-FEeT', n. [L. effectjis.] 1. That which is produced by 
an agent or cause. 2. Consequence ; event. 3. Purpose 5 
general intent. 4. Consequence intended ; utility ; profit ; 
advantage. 5. Force ; validity. 6. Completion ; perfec- 
tion. .7. Reality ; not mere appearance ; fact. 8. In the 
plural, effects are goods ; movables ; personal estate. 

EF-FECT', V. t. 1. To produce, as a cause or agent ; to 
cause to be. 2. To bring to pass ; to achieve 3 to accom- 
plish. 

EF-FE€T'ED, pp. Done ; performed ; accomplished. 

EF-FECT'I-BLE, a. Thai may be done or achieved ; prac 
ticable ; feasible. Broion. 

EF-FECT'ING, ppr. Producing j performing ; accomphsh- 
ing. 

EF-FEGTION, n. In geovictry, a construction ; a propos'- 
tion ; a problem or praxis, drawn from some genera, 
proposition. 

EF-FE€T'IVE, a. 1. Having the power to cause or pro- 
duce; efficacious. 2. Operative; active; having *he 
quality of producing effects. 3. Efficient ; causing to be. 
4. Having the power of active operation ; able. 

EF-FE€T'IVE-LY, adv. With effect ; powerfully ; with 
real operation. 

EF-FECT'LESS, a. Without effect; without advantage; 
useless. Shak. 

EF-FECT'OR, n. One who effects ; one who produces or 
causes ; a maker or creator. Derham. 

EF-FECT'U-AL, a. 1. Producing an effect, or the effect 
desired or intended; or having adequate power or force 
to produce the effect. 2. Veracious ; expressive of facts ; 
[7iot tised.] Shak. 

EF-FECT'tr-AL-LY, adv. With effect; efficaciously; in a 
manner to produce the intended effect ; thoroughly. 

EF-FECT'U-AL-NESS, n. The quality of being effectual. 
Scott. 

EF-FECT'U-ATE, v. t. [Fr. effectuer.] To brmg to pass ; 
to achieve ; to accomplish ; to fuUfil. Sidney. 

EF-FECT'U-A-TED, pp. Accomplished. 

EF-FECT'lJ-A-TING, ppr. Achievmg ; performing to ef- 
fect. 

t EF-FE€T'U-OUS, a. Effectual. Barret. 

t EF-FE€T'U-OUS-LY, adv. Effectually. Stapleton. 

EF-FEM'I-NA-CY, n. 1. The softness, delicacy and weak- 
ness in men, which are characteristic of the female sex, 
but which in males are deemed a reproach;, unmanly 
delicacy ; womanish softness or weakness. 2. Voluptu- 
ousness ; indulgence in unmanly pleasures ; lascivious- 

EF-FEM'I-NATE, a. [L. effwminatus.] 1. Having the 
qualities of the female sex ; soft or delicate to an unmanly 
degree; tender; womanish; voluptuous. 2. Womanish; 
weak ; resembling the practice or qualities of the sex. 
3. Womanlike, tender, in a sense not reproachful. 

EF-FEM'I-NATE, v. t. To make womanish ; to unman ; 
to weaken. Locke. 

EP-FEM'I-NATE, v.i. To grow v/omanish or weak; to 
melt into weakness. 

EF-FEM'I-NATE-LY, adv. 1. In a womanish manner ; 
weakly ; softly. 2. By means of a woman. 

EF-FEM'I-NATE-NESS, n. Unmanlike softness. 

EF-FEM-I-Na'TION, n. The state of one grown woman- 
ish ; the state of being weak or unmanly. [Little used.] 

t EF'FE-ROUS, a. [L. efferus.] Fierce ; wild ; savage. 
Bp. King. 

EF-FER-VESCE', (ef-fer-ves') v. i. [L. effervcscn.] To be 
in natural commotion, like liquor when gently boiling ; to 
bubble and hiss, as fermenting liquors, or any fluid, when 



some part escapes in an elastic form ; to work, as new 

wine. 

EF-FER-VES'CENCE, n. A kind of natural ebullition, 
that commotion of a fluid, which takes place when some 
part of the mass flies off" in an elastic form, producuig in- 
numerable small bubbles. 

EF-FER-VES'CENT, a. Gently boiling or bubbling, by 
means of the disengagement of an elastic fluid. 

EF-FER-VES'CI-BLE, a. That has the quality of efferves- 
cing ; capable of producing effervescence. 

EF-FER-VES'CING, ppr. Boilhig ; bubbling, by means of 
an elastic fluid extricated in the dissolution of bodies. 

EF-FkTE', a. [L. effmtus, effetus.] 1. Barren ; not capa- 
ble of producing young, as an animal, or fruit, as the 
earth. 2. Worn out with age. 

EF-FI-€a'CIOUS, a. [L. efficax.] Effectual; productive of 
eflTects ; producing the effiect intended ; having power ad- 
equate to the purpose intended ; powerful. 

EF-FI-Ca'CIOUS-LY, adv. Effectually ; in such a manner 
as to produce the effect desired. 

EF-FI-Ca'CIOUS-NESS, 71. The quality of being effica- 
cious. 

EF'PI-CA-CY, n. [Sp., It. efficacia.] Power to produce ef- 
fects ; production of the effect intended. 

EF-Fi"CIENCE, ) n. [L. efficiens.] 1. The act of produ- 

EP-Fi"CIEN-CY, ji cmg effects ; a causing to be or exist; 
efl^ectual agency. 2. Power of producing the effect in- 
tended ; active competent power. 

EF-1I"CIENT, a. Causing effects ; producing ; that causes 
any thing to be what it is. 

EF-FI"CIENT, v.. 1. The agent or cause which produces 
or causes to exist. 2. He that makes. 

EF-FI"CIENT-LY, adv. With effect ; effectively. 

t EF-FIERCE' (ef-fers') v. t. To make fierce or furious. 

EF-FI6'I-AL, a. Exhibiting an efligy. Crit. Hist. Pam- 
phlets. 

t EF-FIG'I-ATE, v. t. [L. effigio.'] To form in semblance ; 
to image. Dean King. 

t EF-FIG-I-a'TION, n. The act of imaging. Diet. 

EF'FI-GY, n. [L. effigies.'] 1. The image or likeness of a 
person ; resemblance ; representation ; any substance fash- 
ioned into the shape of a person. 2. Portrait ; likeness ; 
figure, in sculpture or painting. 3. On coins, the print or 
impression representing the head of the prince who stmck 
the coin. — To burn or hang in effigy, is to burn or hang an 
image or picture of the person intended to be executed . 
disgraced or degraded. 

EF-FLaTE', v. t. [L. effio.] To fill with breath or ^ir. 
[Little used.] 

EF-FLO-RESCE', (ef-flo-res') v. t. [L. efflm-esco.] 1. In 
chemistry, to form a mealy powder on the surface ; to be- 
come pulverulent or dusty on the surface. 2. To form sc 
line vegetation on the surface ; or, rather, to shoot out mi- 
nute spicular crystals. 

EF-FLO-RES'CENCE, 71. 1. In 60^7?,?/, the time of flower- 
ing ; the season when a plant shows its first blossoms.— 2. 
Among physicians, a redness of the skin ; eruptions ; as in 
rash, measles, small-pox, scarlatina, &c. — 3. In chemistry, 
the formation of small white threads, resembling the sub- 
limated matter, called flowers, on the surface of certain 
bodies, as salts. 

EF-FLO-RES'CENT, a. Shooting into white threads or 
spiculcB ; forming a white dust on the surface. 

EF'FLU-ENCE, n. [L. effitievs.] A flowing out ; that which 
flows or issues from any body or substance. 

EF'FLU-ENT, a. Inflammatory. Chambers. 

EF-FLU'VI-UM, n. ; plii. Effluvia. [L,] The minute 
and often invisible particles which exhale from most if 
not all terrestrial bodies ; such as the odor or smell of 
plants, and the noxious exhalations from diseased bodies, 
or putrefying animal or vegetable substances. 

EF FLUX, n. [L. effluxus.] 1. The act of flowing out, or is- 
suing in a stream. 2. Eff"usion ; flow. 3. That which 
flows out ; emanation. 

t EF-FLUX', v. i. To run or flow away. Boijle. 

EF-FLUX'ION, 71. [L. effiuxum.] 1. The act of flowing 
out. 2. That which flows out ; effluvium ; emanation. 

EF-FoRCE', v.t. [Fr. effm-cer.] 1. To force; to break 
through by violence. 2. To force; to ravish. 3. To 
strain ; to exert with effort. 

t EF-FORM', V. t. To fashion ; to shape 
t EF-FORM-A'TION, n. The act of giving shape or form. 
EF'FoRT, 71. [Fr. effort.] A straining; an exertion of 
strength ; endeavor ; strenuous exertion to accomplish an 
object. 
EF-FOS'SION, 71. [L. effossus.] The act of digging out of 

the earth. Arbutlmot. 
t EF-FRa Y', V. t. [Fr. effratjer.] To frighten. Spenser. 
T EF-FRaY'A-BLE, a. Frightful ; dreadful. Harvey. 
t EF-FRE-Na'TION, 71. [L. effrcenatio.] Unbridled rash 

ness or license ; unruliness 
EF-FR6NT'ER-Y, n. [Fr. effronterie.] Impudence ; assur 
ance ; shameless boldness ; sauciness ; boldness trana« 
grossing the bounds of modesty and decorum. 



Synopsis. A E, I, O, U, Y, 



-FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; 



f Obsolete. 



EGR 



287 



ELA 



EF-PUL<iE', (ef-fulJO v. i. [L. effulgeo.] To send forth a 
flood of light ; to shine with splendor. 

EF-FUL'6EJSlOE, n. A flood of light ; great lustre or bright- 
ness ; splendor. 

EF-FUL'6ENT, a. Shining ; bright ; splendid ; difiusing a 
flood of light. 

EF-FUL'GING, ppr. Sending out a flood of light. Sav- 
age. 

EF-FU-MA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of flying ofi" in fumes 
or vapor. Boyle. 

f EF-FuME', V. t. To breathe out. Spenser. 

j-EF-FUND', 1?. t. [L.effando.] To pour out. 

EF-FuSE', (ef-fuze') v. t. [L. effusiis.] To pour out, as a 
fluid I to spill 5 to shed. Milton. 

f EF-FuSE', a. Dissipated ; profuse. Richardson. 

t EF-FuSE', n. Waste ; eff'usion. Shak. 

EF-FuS'ED, (ef-fuzd') pp. Poured out; shed. 

EF-FuS'ING, (ef-ffiz'ing) ppr. Pouring out ; shedding. 

EF-FU'SION, (ef-fu'zhun) n. 1. The act of pouring out as 
a liquid. 2. The act of pouring out ; a shedding or spill- 
ing ; waste. 3. The pouring out of words. 4. The act 
of pouring out or bestowing divine influence. 5. That 
which is poured out. 6. Liberal donation ; [not used.] 

EF-FtJ'SIVE, a. Pouring out; that pours forth largely. 

EFT, 71. [Sax. efeta.] A newt; an evet; the common liz- 
ard. 

f EFT, adv. [Sax.] After; again; soon; quickly. Spenser. 

f EFT-SOONS', adv. [Sax. eft, and sona, sones.l Soon after- 
wards; in a short time. Spenser. 

E. G. [L. exempli gratia.] For the sake of an example ; for 
instance. 

E-Gy^D'j exclam. Good fortune ; as we say, my stars 1 

IS'GER, or eA'GRE, n. An impetuous flood ; an irregular 

_tide. Brown. 

E'GER-AN, n. A subspecies of pyramidical garnet. 

fE-GERM'I-NATE. See Germinate. 

E-GEST', V. t. [L. egestum.] To cast or throw out ; to void, 
as excrement. 

E-6ES'TION, n. [L. egestio.] The act of voiding digested 
matter at the natural vent. 

EGG, n. [Sax. ceg ; Dan. eg.] A body foimed in the females 
of fowls and certain other animals, containing an embryo 
or fetus of the same species, or the substance from which 
a like animal is produced. 

EGG, to incite, is a mere blunder. See Edge. 

EGG'BiRD, 7t. A fowl, a species of tern. Cook^s Voyages. 

EG'GER, 71. One who excites. Sherwood. 

EG'GER-Y. SeeETRV. 

EG'GING, 71. Incitement. Cleaveland. 

E-GI-L0P'I-€AL, a. Affected witli the egilops. 

E'GI-LOPS, n. [Gr. aiytXw;/'.] Goat's eye ; an abscess in 

_ the inner canthus of the eye ; fistula lachi-ymalis, 

E'GIS. See ^Gis. 

E-GLAND'U-LOUS, a. Destitute of glands. 

EG'LAN-TIJN'E, n. [Fr. eglantier.] A species of rose ; the 
sweet-brier ; a plant bearing an odoriferous flower. 

EG'LOGUE. See Eclogue. 

E'GO-ISM, or E'GO-MISM, .n. [L. ego.] The opinion of 
those who profess themselves uncertam of every thing 

_ but their own existence. Baxter. 

E'GO-IST, n. [ from L. ego.] A name given to certain fol- 
lowers of Des Cartes, who held the opinion that they were 
uncertain of every thing except their own existence, and 
the operations and ideas of their own minds. 

E-Go'I-TY, n. Personality. [JVot authorized.] Swift. 

E'GO-TISM, n. [Fr. egoisme.] Primarily, the practice of 
too frequently using the word /. Ilehce, a speaking or 
writing much of one's self; self-praise; self-commenda- 
tion ; the act or practice of magnifying one's self, or mak- 

_ ing one's self of importance. Spectator. 

E'GO-TiST, n. One who repeats the word / very often in 
conversation or writing ; one who speaks much of him- 
self, or magnifies his own achievements ; one who makes 
himself the hero of every tale. 

E-GO-TIST'I€, I a. 1. Addicted to egotism. 2. Con- 

E-GO-TIST'I-€AL, ) taining egotism. 

E'GO-TiZE, v. i. To talk or write much of one's self; to 
mak^ pretensions to self-importance. 

E-GPi.E'GlOUS, a. [L. egregius.] 1. Eminent ; remarka- 
ble ; extraordinary ; distinguished. 2. In a bad sense, 
great ; extraordinary ; remarkable ; enormous ; as, an 
egregious mistake. 

E-GRe'6I0US-LY, adv Greatly ; enormously ; shameful- 
ly ; usually in a bad sense. 

E-GRE'GIOUS-NESS, n. The state of being great or extra- 

_ ordinary. 

E'GRESS, n. [L. egressus.] The act of going or issuing out, 
or the power of departing from any inclosed or confined 
place. 

E-GRES'SION, n. [Ij. egressio.] The act of going out from 

_ any inclosure or place of confinement. 

E'GRET, n. [Fr. aigrette.] 1. The lesser white heron, a 
fowl of the genus ardea. — 2. In botany, the flying feathery 
or hairy crown of seeds, as the down of the thistle. 



EG'RI-MO-NY, 

Great sorrow : 



t. 1. The herb agrimony. Cotgrave, 2 
mef. Cockeram. 



E'GRl-OT, n. [Fr. aigre.] A kind of sour cherry. 

E-GYFTIAN, a. Pertaining to Egypt in Africa. 

E-GYP'TIAN, 71. A native of Egypt ; also, a gifjsey. 

Ei'DER, 71. [G., Sw. eirfer.] A species of duck. 

Ei'DER-DOWN, n Down or soft feathers of the eides 
duck. 

EIGH, (a) exclam. An expression of sudden delight. 

EIGHT, n. [Sax. iggat.] An island in a river. 

EIGHT, (ate) a. [Sax. ahta, eahta, or ehta ; G. acJa.\ 
Twice four; expressing the number twice four. 

EIGH'TEEN, (a'teen) a. Eight and ten united. 

EIGH'TEENTPI, (a'teenth) a. The next m order after the 
seventeenth. 

EIGHT'FoLD, (ate'fold) a. Eight times the number or 
quantity. 

EIGHTH, (atth) a. Noting the number eight; the number 
next after seven ; the ordinal of eight. 

EIGFITH, n. In music, an interval composed of five tones 

"and two semitones. 

EIGHTH'LY, (atth'ly) adv. In the eighth place. 

EIGH'TI-ETH, (a'te-eth) a. The next in order to the seven- 
ty-ninth ; the eighth tenth. 

EIGHT'SeORE, (ate'skore) a. or n. Eight times twenty ; a 
hundred and sixty. 

EIGH'TY, (a'ty) a. Sight times ten ; fourscore. 

EIGNE, (ane) a. [Norm, aisne.] 1. Eldest; an epithet 
used ill lav) to denote the eldest son. 2. Unalienable ; en- 
_tailed ; belonging to the eldest son ; [not used.] 

fEl'SEL, 71. [Sax.] Vinegar. More. 

El'SEN-RAHM, v.. The red and brown eiseni-ahm, the scaly 

_ red and brown hematite. 

El'THER, a. or pron. [Sax. cegther ; egther.] 1. One or 
another of any number. 2. One of two. 3. Each; every 
one, separately considered. 4. This Avord, when applied 
to sentences or propositions, is called a distributive or a 
conjunction. It precedes the first of two or mon alterna- 
tives, and is answered by or before the second or succeed- 
ing alternatives. 

E-JA€'U-LATE, v. t. [L. ejaculor.] To throw out; to 
cast ; to shoot ; to dart. 

E-JA€-U-La TION, n. 1. The act of throwing or darting 
out with a sudden force and rapid flight. Bacon. 2. The 
uttering of a short prayer ; or a short occasional prayer 
uttered. Taylor. 

E-JAC'U-LA-TO-RY, a. 1. Suddenly darted out ; uttered 
in short sentences. 2. Sudden ; hasty. 3. Casting ; 
throwing out. 

E-JECT', v.t. [Ij. ejicio, ejectum.] 1. To throw out; to 
cast forth ; to thrust out, as from a place inclosed or con- 
fined. 2. To discharge through the natural passages or 
emunctories ; to evacuate. 3. To throw out or expel 
from an ofiice ; to dismiss from an ofiiQe ; to turn out. 4. 
To dispossess of land or estate. 5. To drive away ; to 
expel ; to dismiss with hatred. 6, To cast away ; to re- 
ject ; to banish 

E-JE€T'ED, pp. Thrown out ; thrust out ; discharged ; 
evacuated ; expelled ; dismissed ; dispossessed ; rejected. 

E-JE€T'ING, ppr. Casting out ; discharging ; evacuating ; 
expelling; dispossessing; rejecting. 

E-JECTION, n. [L. ejectio.] 1. The act of casting out ; 
expulsion. 2. Dismission from ofiice. 3. Dispossession ; 
a turning out from possession by force or authority. 4. 
The discharge of any excrementitious matter through the 
pores or other emunctories; evacuation; vomiting. 5. 
Rejection. 

E-JE€T'MENT, n. 1. Literally, a casting out ; a dispos- 
session. — 2. In la7D, a writ or action which lies for the re- 
covery of possession of land from which the owner has 
been ejected, and for trial of title. 

E-JE€T'0R, n. One who ejects, or dispossesses another of 
his land. Blackstone. 

EJ-U-La'TION, 71. [L. ejulatio.] Outcry ; a wailing ; a loud 
cry expressive of grief or pain ; mourning; lamentation. 

EKE, 7J. t. [Sax. eacan.] 1. To increase ; to enlarge. 2. To 
add to ; to supply what is wanted ; to enlarge by addition. 
3. To lengthen ; to prolong. Shak. 

EKE, adv. [Sax. eac] Also ; likewise ; in addition. [J^Tear 
hi obsolete.] 

EK-E-BERG'ITE, n. [from Ekeberg.] A mmeral. 

EKED, pp. Increased ; lengthened. 

eK'ING, p2"*- Increasing; augmenting; lengthening. 

eK ing, n. Increase or addition. 

E-LA, n. The highest note in the scale of music. 

E LAB'O-RATE, v. t. [L. elaboro.] 1. To produce with 
labor. 2. To improve or refine by successive operations 

E-LAB'O-RATE, a. [L. elaboratus.] Wrought with labor; 
finished with great diligence ; studied ; executed with 
exactness. 

E-L AB'O-RA-TED, pp. Produced with labor or study ; im- 
proved. 

E-L AB'O-RATE-LY adv. With great labor or study ; with 
nice regard to exactness. 



* S*? Synopsis . MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K j 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



ELE 



288 



ELE 



E-LAB'O-RATE-NESS, n. The quality of being elaborate, 

or wrought with great labor. 
E-LAB'O-RA-TING, p/)r. Producing with labor; improv- 
ing ; refining by successive operations. 
E-LAB-O-Ka'TION, 71. Improvement or refinement by suc- 
cessive operations. Ray. 
E-LaIN', n. [Gr. eXaivos.] The oily or liquid principle of 

oils and fats. Chevreul. 
fE-LAMFlNG, a. Shining. 

S-LANCE', V. t. [Fr. elancer.] To throw or shoot ; to hurl ; 
_ to dart. 

K'L AND, 71. A species of clumsy antelope in Africa. 
E-La'O-LITE, 71. A mineral, called also fettstein [fat-stone] 

from its greasy appearance. 
E-LAPSE', (e-laps') v. i. [L, elapsus.] To slide away ; to 

slip or glide away ; to pass away silently, as time. 
E-LAPS'ED, (e-lapsf) pp. Slid or passed away, as time. 
E-LAPS'ING, ppr. Sliding away ; gliding or passing away 

silently, as time. 
E-LAS'TI€, I a. [Fr. elastique ; It., Sp. elastico.] 

E-LAS-Tl-€AL, J Springing back j having the power of 
returning to the form from which it is bent, extended, 
pressed or distorted j having the inherent property of re- 
covering its former figure, after any external pressure, 
which has altered that figure, is removed ; rebounding ; 
flying back. 
E-LAS'TJ-eAL-LY, adv. In an elastic manner ; by an elas- 
tic power ; with a spring. Lee. 
E-LAS-TIG'I-TY, n. The inherent property in bodies, by 
wliich they recover their former figure or state, after ex- 
ternal pressure, tension or distortion. 
E-LaTE', a. [L. elatus.] Raised ; elevated in mind ; 

flushed, as with success ; lofty ; haughty. 
E-LaTE', v. t. 1. To raise or swell, as the mind or spirits ; 
to elevate with success ; to puff up ; to make proud. 2. 
To raise ; to exalt ; [unusual.] 
B-LaT'ED, pp. Elevated in mind or spirits ; puffed up, as 

with honor, success or prosperity. 
E-LaT'ED-L.'^, adv. With elation. 
EL-A-Te'RI-UM, n. A substance deposited from the very 

acrid juice of the momordica elaterium, wild cucumber. 
EL'A-TE-RY, 71. [Gr. eXareipa.] Acting force or elastic- 
ity. [UnusuaL] Ray. 
EL'A-TIN, 71. The active principle of the elaterium. 
E-La'TION, n. An inflation or elevation of mind pro- 
ceeding from self-approbation ; self-esteem, vanity or 
pride, resulting from success. Hence, haughtiness ; pride 
of prosperity. 
E-La'TOR, 71. One who or that which elates. Cudworth. 
EL'BOW, n. [Sax. elnbova, or elneboga.] 1. The outer 
angle made by the bend of the arm. 2. Any flexure or 
angle ; the obtuse angle of a wall, building or road. — To 
be at the elbow, is to be very near ; to be by the side ; to 
be at hand. 
EL'BoW, V. t. 1. To push with the elbow. Dryden. 2. To 

push or drive to a distance ; to encroach on. 
EL'BoW, V. i. To jut mto an angle ; to project ; to bend. 
EL'BoW-CHAIR, n. A chair with arms to support the 

elbows ; an arm-chair. Oay. 
EL'B5W-ROOM, n. Room to extend the elbows on each 
side ; hence, in its usual acceptation, perfect freedom from 
confinement ; ample room for motion or action. 
fELD, 71. [Sax. eld, or wld.] 1. Old age; decrepitude. 

Spenser. 2. Old people ; persons worn out with age. 
ELD'ER, a. [Sax. ealdor, the comparative degree of eld, 
now written old. See Old.] 1. Older; senior; having 
lived a longer time ; born, produced or formed before 
something else. 2. Prior in origin ; preceding in the date 
of a commission. 
ELD'ER, 71. 1. One who is older than another or others. 
2. An ancestor. 3. A person advanced in life, and who, 
on account of his age, experience and wisdom, is selected 
for office. 
ELD'ER, n. [Sax. ellarn.] A tree or genus of trees, the 

sambucus, of several species. 
ELD'ER-LY, a. Somewhat old ; advanced beyond middle 

age ; bordering on old age. 
ELD'ER-SHIP, 71. 1. Seniority ; the state of being older. 
2. The office of an elder. 3. Presbytery ; order of elders. 
ELD EST, a. [Sax. ealdest, superlative of eld, old.] Oldest ; 

most advanced in age ; that was born before others. 
ELD'ING, 71. [Sax. ailan.] Fuel. [Local.] Grose. 
EL-E-AT'I€, a. An epithet given to a certain sect of phi- 
losophers, so_ called from the town of Elea. 
EL-E-€AM-PaNE', n. A genus of plants, the inula, of 

many species. 
E-LE€T', V. t. [L. electus.] i. To pick out; to select, 
from among two or more, that which is preferred. 2. To 
select or take from an office or employment; to choose 
from among a number ; to select or manifest preference by 
vote or designation. — 3. In theology, to designate, choose or 
select as an object of mercy or favor. 4. To choose ; to 
prefer ; to determine in favor of. 



E-LE€T', a. I. Chosen ; taken by preference from among 
two or more. — 2. In theology, chosen as the object of 
mercy ; chosen, selected or designated to eternal life ; pre- 
destinated in the divine counsels. 3. Chosen, but not in- 
augurated, consecrated or invested with office. 
E-LEGT', 71. 1. One chosen or set apart. 2. Chosen or de- 
signated by God to salvation ; predestinated to glory as 
the end, and to sanctification as the means. 3. Chosen; 
selected ; set apart as a peculiar church and people. 
fE-LECT'ANT, n. One who has the power of choosing- 

Searck. 
E-LE€T'ED, pp. Chosen ; preferred ; designated to office 
by some act of the constituents, as by vote ; chosen or 
predestinated to eternal life. 
E-LE€T'ING, ppr. Choosing ; selecting from a number ; 
preierring ; designating to otfice by choice or preference ; 
designating or predestinating to eternal salvation. 
E-LEC'TION, n. [L. electio.] 1. The act of choosing . 
choice ; the act of selecting one or more from others. 2. 
Tiie act of choosing a person to fill an office or employ- 
ment, by any manifestation of preference, as by ballot, 
uplifted hands, or viva voce. 3. Choic^^ ; voluntary prefer- 
ence ; free will ; liberty to act or not. 4. Power of choos- 
ing or selecting. 5. Discernment ; discrimination ; dis- 
tinction. — 6. In theology, divine choice ; predetermination 
of God, by which persons are distinguished as objects of 
mercy, become subjects of grace, are sanctified and pre- 
pared for heaven. 7. The public choice of officers. 8. 
The day of a public choice of officers. 9. Those who are 
elected. 
E-LEC-TION-EER', v. i. To make interest for a candidate 
at an election ; to use arts for securing the election of a 
candidate. 
E-LE€-TION-EER'ING, ppr. Using mfluence to procure 

the election of a person. 
E-LEC-TION-EER'ING, n. The arts or practices used for 

securing the choice of one to oflSce. 
E-LECT'IVE, a. 1. Dependent on choice. 2. Bestowed or 
passing by election. 3. Pertaming to or consisting in 
choice or right of choosing. 4. Exerting the power of 
choice. 5. Selecting for combination. 
E-LE€T'I\"E-LY, adv. By choice ; with preference of one 

to another. 
E-LE€T'OR, 71. One who elects, or one who has the right 
of choice ; a person who has, by law or constitution, the 
right of voting for an officer. 
E-LECT'O-RAL, a. Pertaining to election or electors. 
tE-LEC-TO-RAL'I-TY, n. Electorate. 
E-LE€T'0-RATE, n. 1. The dignity of an elector in the 
German empire. 2. The territory of an elector, in the 
German empire. 
E-LE€'TOR-ESS, n. The same as electress. 
t E-LE€'TRE, 71. [L. electium.] Amber. 
E-LE€T'RESS, rt. The wife or widow of an elector in the 

German empire. Chesterfield. 
E-LE€'TRI€, or E-LE€'TRI-€AL, a. [Fr. electrique.] 1. 
Containing eiectricity, or capable of exhibiting it when 
excited by friction. — 2. In general, pertaining to electric- 
ity. 3. Derived from or produced by electricity. 4. 
Communicating a shock like electricity. 
E-LE€'TRie, n. Any body or substance capable of exhib- 
iting electricity by means of friction or otherwise, and of 
resisting the passage of it from one body to anotlier. 
E-LE€'TRI-CAL-LY, adv. In the manner of electricity, or 

by means of it. 
E-LE€-TRI"CIAN, ii. A person who studies electricity, 
and investigates ils properties, by observation and exper- 
iments ; one versed in the science of electricity. 
E-LE€-TRIC'I-TY, n. The operations of a very subtil fluid, 
v/hich appears to be diffused through most bodies, re- 
markable for the rapidity of its motion, and one of the 
most powerful agents in nature. The name is given to 
the operations of this fluid, and to the fluid itself. 
E-LE€'TRI-Fl-A-BLE, a. 1. Capable of receiving electrici- 
ty, or of being charged with it ; that may become elec- 
tric. 2. Capable of receiving, and transmitting the electric 
fluid. 
E-LEC TRI-FI-€a'TION, n. The act of electrifying, or 

state of being charged with electricity. 
E-LE€'TRI-FlED, pp. Charged with electricity. 
E-LECTRI-FY, v.t. 1. To communicate electricity to, 
to charge with electricity. 2. To cause electricity to pass 
through ; to affect by electricity ; to give an electric 
shock to. 3. To excite suddenly ; to give a sudden 

E-LE€'TRT-F^, v. i. To become electric. 

E-LEC'TRI-F^-ING, ppr. Charging with electricity ; affect- 
ing with electricity , giving a sudden shock. 

E-LEC-TRI-Za'TION, n. The act of electrizing. 

E-LE€'TRlZE, v. t. [Fr. electriser.] To electrify. 

E-LEC'TRO-CFEM'IS-TRY, 71. That science Which treats 
of the agency of electricity and galvanism in affecting 
chemical changes. 

E-LEe'TRO-MAG-NETT€, a. Designating what pertains 



' See Synopsis. S, g, I, O, tj, 1?, long.—FAU, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARifNE, BIRD ;— f OhsoUte 



ELE 



289 



ELE 



to magnetism, as connected with electricity, or affected 
by it. 

E-LE€'TR0-MAG'NET-ISM, n. That science which treats 
of the agency of electricity and galvanism in communi- 
cating magnetic properties. 

E-LE€-TROM'E-TER, n. [L. electrum, Gr. juerpew.] An 
instrument for measuring the quantity or intensity of elec- 
tricity, or its quality j or an instrument for discharging it 
from a jar. 

E-LE€-TE.O-MET'RI-€AL, a. Pertaming to an electrome- 
ter ; made by an electrometer. 

E-LE€'TRO-Mo'TION, n. The motion of electricity or 
galvanism, or the passing of it from one metal to another. 

E-LE€'TRO-Mo'TIVE, a. Producing electro-motion. 

E-LE€'TRO-MO-TOR, n. [L. electrum and motor. 1 A 
mover of the electric fluid ; an instrument or apparatus so 
called. 

E-LE€'TRON, n. Amber j also, a mixture of gold with a 
fifth part of silver. Coxe. 

E-LE€'TRO-NEG'A-TlVE, a. Repelled by bodies nega- 
tively electrified, and attracted by those positively electri- 
fied. 

E-LE€'TRO-PHOR, i n. [L. electrum, and Gr. (popeo).] 

E-LEG-TROPH'O-RUS, \ An instrument for preserving 
electricity a long time. 

E-LE€'TRO-POS'I-TlVE, a. Attracted by bodies nega- 
tively electiified, or by the negative pole of the galvanic 
arrangement. 

E-LEG'TRUM, n. [L.] In mineralogy, an argentiferous gold 
ore, or native alloy, of a pale brass yellow color. 

E-LE€T'U-A-RY, n. [Low L. electarium.} In pharmacy, 
a form of medicine, composed of powders, or other ingre- 
dients, incorporated with some conserve, honey, or sirup, 
and made into due consistence to be taken in doses, like 
boluses. 

EL-EE-MOS'Y-NA-RY, a. [Gr. t\trjiJioavvri.'\ 1. Given in 
charity; given or appropriated to support the poor. 2. 
Relating to charitable donations ; intended for the distri- 
bution of alms, or for the use and management of dona- 
tions, whether for the subsistence of the poor or for the 
support and promotion of learning. 

EL-EE-MOS'Y-NA-RY, n One who subsists on charity. 

EL'E-GANCE, ) n. [L. elegantia ; Fr. elegance.] 1. " The 

EL'E-GAN-GY, \ beauty of propriety, not of greatness," 
says Johnson. Applied to manners, it denotes politeness ; 
to speaking, propriety of diction and utterance ; to stijle 
of composition, perspicuity, purity, neatness, and a happy 
choice and arrangement of words ; to architecture, a due 
symmetry and distribution of parts. 2. That which 
pleases by its nicety, symmetry, purity or beauty. In 
this sense it has a plural. Spectator. 

EL'E-GANT, a. [L. elegans.] 1. Polished ; polite ; refined ; 
graceful; pleasing to good taste. 2. Polished; neat; 
pure; rich in expressions; correct in arrangement. 3. 
Uttering or delivering elegant language with propriety 
and grace. 4. Symmetrical ; regular ; well formed in its 
parts, proportions and distribution. 5. Nice ; sensible to 
beauty ; discriminating beauty from deformity or imper- 
fection. 6. Beautiful in form and colors ; pleasing. 7. 
Rich ; costly and ornamental. 

EL'E-GANT-LY, adv. 1. In a manner to please ; with ele- 
gance ; with beauty ; with pleasing propriety. 2. With 
due symmetry ; with well formed and duly propoitioned 
parts. 3. Richly ; with rich or handsome materials well 
disposed. 

*E-Le'GI-A€, a. [Low L. elegiacus.] 1. Belonging, to 
elegy ; plaintive ; expressing sorrow or lamentation. 2. 
Used in elegies. 

* E-Le'GI-AG, n. Elegiac verse. Warton. 
EL-E-Gi'A-GAL, a. Belonging to an elegy. Cotgrave. 

* E-Le'6I-AST, n. The same with elegist. 
EL'E-GIST, n. A writer of elegies. Goldsmith. 
E-Le'GIT, 71.- [L. eligo ] 1. A writ of execution, by which 

a defendant's goods are apprized, and delivered to the 
plaintifi". 2. The title to estate by elegit. 

EL'E-GY, n. [L. elegia.] 1. A mournful or plaintive 
poem, or a funeral song ; a poem or a song expressive of 
sorrow and lamentation. Shak. 2. A short poem without 
points or afiected elegancies. 

EL'E-MENT, n. [L. clementum ; Fr. element.] 1. The first 
or constituent principle or minutest part of any thing. 2. 
An ingredient ; a constituent part of any composition. — 3. 
In a chemical sense, an atom ; the minutest particle of a 
substance ; that which cannot be divided by chemical an- 
alysis, and therefore considered as a simple substance, as 
oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, &c. — 4. In the plural, the first 
rules or principles of an art or science ; rudiments. — 5. In 
popular language, fire, air, earth and water are called the 
four elements, as formerly it was supposed that these were 
simple bodies, of which the world is composed. 6. Ele- 
ment, in the singular, is sometimes used for the air. 7. 
The substance vs^hich forms the natural or most suitable 
habitation of an animal. 8. The proper state or sphere of 



any thing ; the state of things suited to one's temper oi 
habits. 9. The matter or substances which compose the 
world. 10. The outline or sketch. 11. Moving cause or 
principle ; that which excites action. 

EL'E-MENT, v. t. 1. To compound of elements or first prin- 
ciples. 2. To constitute ; to make as a first principle. 
[Rarely or never u^ed,] 

EL-E-MENT'AL, a. 1. Pertaining to elements. 2. Produc- 
ed by some of the four supposed elements. 3. Produced 
by elements. 4. Arising from first principles. 

EL-E-MENT-AL'I-TY, »i. Composition of principles or in- 
gredients. Whitlock. 

EL-E-MENT'AL-LY, adv. According to elements ; literal- 
ly- 

EL-E-MENT-AR'I-TY, \ n. The state of being element 

EL-E-MENT'A-RI-NESS, \ ary ; the simphcity of na-> 
ture ; uncompounded state. 

EL-E-MENT'A-RY, a. 1. Primary; simple; uncompound- 
ed ; uncombined; having only one principle or constituent 
part. 2. Initial ; rudimental ; containing, teaching or dis- 
cussing first principles, rules or rudiments. 3. Treating 
of elements ; collecting, digesting or explaining principles. 

EL'E-MI, n. The gum elemi, so called ; but said to be a 
resinous substance. 

E-LENGH', n. [L. elenchus.] 1. A vicious or fallacious 
argument, which is apt to deceive under the appearance 
of truth ; a sophism ; [little used.]— 2. In antiquity, a kind 
of earring set with pearls. 

E-LENGH'l-GAL, a. Pertaining to an elench. 

t E-LEN€H'I-GAL-LY, adv. By means of an elench 

t E-LEN€H'IZE, v. i. To dispute. B. Jonson. 

t E-LEN€H'TI-€AL, a. Serving to confute. Wilkins. 

E-LENGE'. See Elunge. 

E-Le'OTS, n. Apples in request in the cider countries. - 
Mortimer. 

EL'E-PHANT, n. [Sax. elp, yip; Gr. eXecpas.] 1. The 
largest of all quadrupeds, belonging to the order of bruta. 

2. Ivory; the tusk of the elephant. Dryden. 
EL'E-PHANT-BEE'TLE, 7t, A large species of sea; a&:£u5, 

or beetle, found in South America. 

EL'E-PHANT'S-FOOT, n. A plant, the elephantopus. 

EL-E-PHAN-Ti'A-SIS, n. [L.] A species of leprosy, so 
called from covering the skin with incrustations, like 
those of an elephant. 

EL-E-PHANT'INE, a. 1. Pertaining to the elephant; huge ; 
resembling an elephant ; or perhaps white, like ivory. — 2. 
In antiquity, an appellation given to certain books in which 
the Komans registered the transactions of the senate, mag- 
istrates, emperors and generals. 

EL-EU-SIN'I-AN, a. Relating to Eleusis in Greece. 

EL'E-VATE, v. t. [L. elevc] 1. To raise, in a literal and 
general sense ; to raise from a low or deep place to a 
higher. 2. To exalt ; to raise to higher state or station. 

3. To improve, refine or dignify ; to raise from or above 
low conceptions. 4. To raise from a low or common state ; 
to exalt. 5. To elate with pride. 6. To excite ; to cheer ; 
to animate. 7. To take from ; to detract ; to lessen by 
detraction; [not used.] 8. To raise from any tone to one 
more acute. 9. To augment or swell ; to make louder, as 
sound. 

EL'E-VATE, a. [L. elevatus.] Elevated ; raised aloft. 

EL'E-VA-TED, pp. Raised ; exalted ; dignified ; elated j 
excited ; made more acute or more loud, as sound. 

EL'E-VA-TING ppr. Raising ; exalting ; dignifying ; elat- 
ing ; cheering. 

EL-E-VA'TION, n. [L. elevatio.] 1. The act of raisijg or 
conveying from a lower or deeper place to a higher. 2. 
The act of exalting in rank, degree or condition. 3. Ex- 
altation ; an elevated state ; dignity. 4. Exaltation of 
mind by more noble conceptions. 5. Exaltation of style ; 
lofty expressions ; words and phrases expressive of lofl;y 
conceptions. 6. Exaltation of character or manners. 7. 
Attention to objects above us ; a raising of the mind to 
superior objects. 8. An elevated place or station. 9. El- 
evated ground ; a rising ground ; a hill or mountain. 10. 
A passing of the voice from any note to one more acute ; 
also, a swelling or augmentation of voice — 11. In astrono- 
my, altitude ; the distance of a heavenly body above the 
horizon, or the arc of a vertical circle intercepted between 
it and the horizon. — 12. In gunnery, the angle which the 
chase of a cannon or mortar, or the axis of the hollow cylin- 
der, makes with the plane of the horizon. — 13. In dialing, 
the angle which the style makes with the substylar line. 
— Elevation of the host, in Catholic countries, that part of 
the mass in which the priest raises the host above his 
head for the people to adore. 

EL'E-VA-TOR, n. 1. One who raises, lifts or exalts.— 2. In 
anatomy, a muscle which serves to raise a part of the 
body, as the lip or the eye. 3. A surgical instrument for 
raising a depressed portion of a bone. 

EL'E-VA-TO-RY, n. An instrument used in trepanning, 
for raising a depressed or fractured part of the skull. Coze 

EL-eVE', n. [Fr.] One brought up or protected by another 
Chesterfield. 



* S€e Synopsis. 



MOVE, BQOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in f A*3. 
'19 



t Obsolete 



ELL 



200 



ELU 



fi-LEV'EN, (e-!ev'n) a. [Sax. mndlefene, endleof, endlufa.] 
Ten and one added. 

B-LEV'ENTH, a. [Sax. andlyfta, endlefta.] The next in 
order to the tenth. 

ELF, n.;plu Elves. [Sax. cbI/, or elfenne.] 1. A wander- 
ing spirit 5 a fairy ; a hobgoblin. 2. An evil spirit ; a 
devil. 3. A diminutive person. 

ELF, V. t. To entangle hair in so intricate a manner, that it 
cannot be disentangled. 

ELF'-AR-RoW, n. A name given to flints in the shape 
of arrow-heads, vulgarly supposed to be shot by fairies. 

ELF'-LO€K, n. A knot of hair twisted by elves. Sliak. 

ELF'IN, a. Relating or pertaining to elves. Spenser. 

ELF'IN, n. A little urchin. Shenstone. 

ELF'ISH, a. Resembling elves ; clad in disguise. 

E-LIC'IT, V. t. [L. elicio.'] 1. To draw out; to bring to 
light; to deduce by reason or argument. 2. To strike 
out 

E-LIOIT, a. Brought into act ; brought from possibility into 
real existence. [Little uscd.\ 

t E-LIC'I-TATE, V. t. To elicit. More. 

E-LIC-I-Ta'TION, n. The act of eliciting ; the act of draw- 
ing out. Bramhall. 

E-LIC'IT-ED, pp. Brought or drawn out ; struck out. 

E-LIC'IT-ING, ppr. Drawing out ; bringing to light ; strik- 
ing out. 

E-LlDE', V. t. [L. elido.] 1. To break or dash in pieces ; 
to crush, [not used.] 2. To cut oif a syllable. Brit. Crit. 

EL-I-6l-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. Worthiness or fitness to be 
chosen ; the state or quality of a thing which renders it 
preferable to another, or desirable. 2. The state of being 
capable of being chosen to an office. United States. 

EL'I-GI-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Fit to be chosen; worthy of 
choice ; preferable. 2. Suitable ; proper ; desirable. 3. 
-Legally qualified to be chosen. 

EL'I-6I-BLE-NESS, n. Fitness to be chosen in preference 
to another ; suitableness ; desirableness. 

EL'I-6I-BLY, adv. In a manner to be worthy of choice ; 
suitably. 

•E-LIM'I-NATE, v. t [L. elimino.] h To thrust out of 
doors. Lovelace. 2. To expel , to thrust out ; to discharge, 
or throw ofi"; to set at liberty. 

E-LIM'I-NA-TED, pp. Expelled ; thrown off; discharged. 

E-LIM'I-NA-TING, ppr. Expelhng ; discharging ; throw- 
ing off. 

E-LIM-I-Na'TION, n. The act of expelling or throwing 
off; the act of discharging, »r secreting by the pores. 

EL-I-GIUa'TION, n, [L. eliquo,] In chemistry, the opera- 
tion by which a more fusible substance is separated from 
one that is less so, by means of heat. 

E-Li"SION, n. [L. elisio.] 1. In grammar, the cutting off 
or suppression of a vowel at the end of a word, for the 
sake of sound or measure, when the next word begins 
with a vowel ; as, th' embattled plain. 2. Division; sep- 
aration ; [not used.] Bacon. 

E-Ll'SOR, n. [Norm, elisor.] In law, a sheriff's substitute 
for returning a jury. 

E-LITE', n. [Fr.] A military word, denoting the flower or 
chosen part of an army. 

E-LIX'ATE, V. t. [L. elixc] To extract by boiUng. 

EL-IX-A'TION, n. [L. elixus.] 1. The act of boiling or 
stewing ; also, concoction in the stomach ; digestion.— 2. 
In pharmacy, the extraction of the virtues of ingredients 
by boiling or stewing ; also, lixiviation. 

E-LIX'IR, n. [Fr., Sp., Port, elixir.] 1. In medicine, a com- 
pound tincture, extracted from two or more ingredients. 
2. A liquor for transmuting metals into gold. 3. Quin- 
tessence ; refined spirit. 4. Any cordial ; that substance 
which invigorates. 

ELK, n. [Sax. elch ; Sw. elg.] A quadruped of the cervine 
genus, with palmated horns. 

ELKE, «• [W. alarch.] A wild swan. 

ELK'-NUT, -re. A plant, the hamiltonia, called also oil-nut. 

ELL, n. [Sax. elne ; Sw. aln ; D. ell, elle.] A measure of 
different lengths in different countries, used chiefly for 
measuring cloth. 

EL'LER, 71. [G. eller.] The alder-tree. Craven dialect. 

EL'LINGE, a. [Sax. alenge.] Cheerless ; sad. 

EL'LING-NESS, n. Loneliness; dullness; cheerlessness. 
Henry VIIL 

EL-LIPSE', (el-lips') n. An ellipsis. 

EL-LIP'SIS, M.;pZw. Ellip'ses. [Gr. eXXet^'ts.J 1. In^eora- 
ctry, an oval figure generated from tlie section of a cone, 
by a plane cutting botli sides of it, but not parallel to the 
base. — 2. In grammar, defect ; omission; a figure of syn- 
tax, by which one or more words are omitted. 
EL-LIPS'OID, n. [ellipsis, and Gr. et^os.] In conies, a solid 
or figure formed by the revolution of an ellipse about its 
axis ; an elliptic conoid ; a spheroid. 
EL-LIP-SOID'AL, a. Pertaining to an ellipsoid; having 

the form of an ellipsoid. 
EL-LIP'TI€, \a. 1. Pertaining to an ellipsis; having 
EL-LIP'TI-€AL, i the form of an ellipse; oval, 2. De- 
fective. 



EL-LIP'TI-CAL-LY, arf«. 1. According to the figure call- 
ed an ellipsis. 2. Defectively. 

ELM, n. [Sax. elm, ox ulm-treou; Bi^olm.] A tree of the, 
genus ulmus. 

ELM'EN, a. Of or belonging to elms. Jennings 

ELM'Y,_a. Abounding with elms. V/arton. 

EL-0-€a'TION, n. [L. eloco.] 1. A removal from the 
usual place of residence. Bp. Hall. 2. Depaiture from 
the usual method ; an ecstasy. 

EL-0-€D'TI0N, n. [L. elocutio.] 1. Pronunciation; the 
utterance or delivery of words, particularly in public dis- 
courses and arguments. — 2. In rhetoric, elocution consists 
of elegance, composition and dignity ; and Dryden uses 
the word £is nearly synonymous with eloquence, the act 
of expressing thoughts with elegance or beauty. 3. 
Speech ; the power of speaking. — 4. In ancient treatises 
on oratory, the wording of a discourse ; the choice and 
order of words ; composition ; the act of framing a writ- 
ing or discourse. 

EL-0-€u'TIVE, a. Having the power of eloquent speak- 
ing. 

EL'OGE, n. [Fr.] A funeral oration ; a panegyric on the 
dead. Atterbury. 

tEL'O-GlST, 71. An eulogist. 

EL'0-6Y, or E-Lo'Gl-UM, n. [Fr. eloge ; L. elogium. See 
Eulogy.] The praise bestowed on a person or thing ; 
panegyric. Wotton. 

S-LOIN', V. t. [Fr. eloigner.] 1, To separate and remove 
to a distance. 2. To convey to a distance, and withhold 
from sight. 

E-LOIN'ATE, V. t. To remove. Howell. 

E-LOIN'ED, (e-loind') pp. Removed to a distance ; carried 
far off. 

E-LOIN'ING, ppr. Removing to a distance from another, or 
to a place unknown. 

E-LOIN'MENT, n. Removal to a distance ; distance. 

jE-LONG', V. t. [Low L. elongo.] To put far off; to re- 
tard. 

E-LON'GATE, v. t. [Low L. elongo.] 1. To lengthen; to 
extend. 2. To remove farther off. 

E-LON'GATE, v. i. To depart from; to recede; to move 
to a greater distance ; particularly, to recede apparently 
from the sun, as a planet in its orbit. 

E-LON'GA-TED, pp. Lengthened ; removed to a distance 

E-LON'GA-TING, ppr. 1. Lengthening; extending. 2 
Receding to a greater distance. 

E-LON-Ga'TION, 71. 1. The act of stretching or lengthen- 
ing. 2. The state of being extended. 3. Distance ; space 
which separates one thing from another. 4. Departure ; 
removal ; recession. 5. Extension ; continuation. — 6. 
In astronomy, the recess of a planet from the sun, as it ap- 
pears to the eye of a spectator on the earth ; apparent de- 
parture of a planet from the sun in its orbit.— 7. In surge- 
ry, an imperfect luxation, occasioned by the stretching or 
lengthening of the ligaments ; or the extension of a part 
beyond its natural dimensions. 

E-LoPE', V. i. [D. loopen, wegloopen.] To run away , to 
quit one's station, without permission or right ; to escape 
privately ; to depart without permission. Particularly, to 
run away from a husband, or to quit a father's house, pri- 
vately, or without permission. 

E-LoPE'MENT, 7i. Private or unlicensed departure from 
the place or station to which one is assigned by duty or 
law. 

E-LoP'ING, ppr. Running away; departing privately, or 
without permission, from a husband, father or master. 

E'LOPS, n. [Gr. sWoxp.] 1. A fish, inhabiting the seas of 
America and the West Indies. 2. The sea-serpent. 

EL'0-Q,UEPTOE, 71. [L. eloquentia.] 1. Oratory; the act 
or the art of speaking well, or with fluency and elegance. 
Eloquence comprehends a good elocution or utterance ; cor- 

• rect, appropriate and rich expressions, with fluency, ani- 
mation and suitable action. Hence, eloquence is adapted 
to please, affect and persuade. 2. The power of speaking 
with fluency and elegance. 3. Elegant language, uttered 
with fluency and animation. 4. It is sometimes applied 
to written language. 

EL'O-UUENT, a. 1. Having the power of oratory ; speak- 
ing with fluency, propriety, elegance and anhnation. 2. 
Composed with elegance and spirit ; elegant and animat- 
ed ; adapted to please, affect and persuade. 

EL'0-Q,UENT-LY, adv. With eloquence ; in an eloquent 
manner ; in a manner to please, affect and persuade. 

ELSE, (els) a. or pron. [Sax. elles.] Other ; one or some- 
thing beside ; as, who else is coming ? 

ELSE, (els) adv. 1. Otherwise ; in the other case ; if the 
fact were different. 2. Beside ; except that mentioned. 

EL'SEN, or EL'SIN, n. [Teut. celsene.] A shoemaker'b 
awl. Qrose. 

ELSE'WHERE, adv. 1. In any other place. 2. In some 
other place ; in other places, indefinitely. 

E-Ltf'CI-DATE, V. t. [Low L. elucido.] To make clear oi 
manifest ; to explain ; to remove obscurity from, and ren- 
der intelligible ; to illustrate. 



* SeeSunopns. a, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FRR, FiVLL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BtRD;— t Obsolete. 



EMA 



291 



EMB 



E-LtJ'CI-DA-TED, pp. Explained ; made plain, clear or in- 
telligible. 

E-Lu CI-DA-TING, ppr. Explaining ; making clear or in- 
telligible. 

E-LU-CI-Da'TION, n. The act of explaining or throwing 
light on any obscure subject ; explanation ; exposition ; 
illustration. 

E-Ltf'Cr-DA-Tl VE, a. Throwing light ; explanatory. 

E-Lu'CI-DA-TGR, n. One who explains ; an expositor. 

EL-U€-Ta'TION, n. [L. eluctatus.] The act of bursting 
forth ; escape . 

E-LuDE', V. t. [L. eludo.] 1. To escape ; to evade ; to 
avoid by artifice, stratagem, wiles, deceit or dexterity. 2. 
To mock by an unexpected escape. 3. To escape being 
seen ; to remain unseen or undiscovered. 

E-LuD'I-BLE, a. That may be eluded or escaped. 

t E-LUM'BA-TED, a. [L. elumbis.] Weakened in the loins. 
Diet. 

E-Lu'SION, n. [L. elusio.] An escape by artifice or decep- 
tion ; evasion. 

E-Lu'SIVE, a. Practising elusion ; using arts to escape. 

E-Lu'SO-RI-NESS, n. The state of being elusory. 

E-LU'SO-RY, a. Tending to elude ; tending to deceive ; 
evasive ; fraudulent ; fallacious ; deceitful. 

E-LuTE', V. t. [L. eluo.] To wash off; to cleanse. 

E-LU'TRI-ATE, v. t. [L. elutrio.] To purify by washing ; 
to cleanse by separating foul matter, and decanting or 
straining ofl!"the liquor. 

E-Lu'TRI-A-TED, pp. Cleansed by washing and decanta- 
tion. 

E-Lu'TRI-A-TING, ppr. Purifying by washmg and de- 
canting. 

E-LTJ-TRI-a'TION, n. The operation of pulverizing a sol- 
id substance, mixing it with water, and pouring off the 
liquid, while the foul or extraneous substances are float- 
ing, or after the coarser particles have subsided, and 
while the finer parts are suspended in the liquor. 

E-LUX'ATE, V. t. [L. eluxatus.] To dislocate. See Luxate. 

E-LUX-A^TION, n. The dislocation of a bone. See Lux- 

ELVE'LO€KS. See Elf-lock. 

ELVERS, n. Young eels ; young congers or sea-eels. 

ELVES, plu. of elf. 

ELVISH, a. More properly elfish, which see. 

E-LYS'IAN, (e-lizh'ya) a. [L. elysin^.] Pertaining to elys- 
ium or the seat of delight ; yielding the highest pleasures ; 
deliciously soothing ; exceedingly delightful. 

E-LYS'IUM, (e-lizh'yum)7i.[L. eZ?/siMm.] In ancient mythol- 
ogy, a place assigned to happy souls after death ; a place 
in the lower regions, furnished with rich fields, groves, 
shades, streams, &;c., the seat of future happiness. Hence, 
any delightful place. 

'EM. A contraction of them. Hudihras. 

t E-MAC'ER-ATE, v. t. To make lean. 

f E-MAC-ER-A'TION, n. Leanness or falling away in flesh. 
Bullokar. 

E-Ma'CIATE, v. i. [L. emacio.] To lose flesh gradually ; to 
become lean by pining with sorrow, or by loss of appetite 
or other cause ; to waste away, as flesh ; to decay in 
flesh. 

E-Ma'CIATE, v. t. To cause to lose flesh gradually ; to 
waste the flesh and reduce to leanness. 

E-Ma'CIATE, a. Thin ; wasted. Shenstone. 

E-Ma'CIA-TED, pp. Reduced to leanness by a gradual loss 
of flesh ; thin; lean. 

E-Ma'CIA-TING, ppr. Wasting the flesh gradually ; mak- 
ing lean. 

E-MA-CI-a'TION, n. 1. The act of making lean or thin in 
flesh ; or a becoming lean by a gradual waste of flesh. 2. 
The state of being reduced to leanness. 

E-MA€'U-LATE, v. t. To take spots from. [Little ^ised.} 

E-MA€-U-La'TION, K. [Jj. emaculo.] The act or operation 
of freeing from spots. [Little used."] 

EM'A-NANT, a. [L. emanans.] Issuing or flowing from. 
Hale. 

EM'A-NATE, v. i [L. emano.'] 1. To issue from a source ; 
to flow from. 2. Toproceed from a source or fountain. 

EM'A-NA-TING, ppr. Issuing or flowing from a fountain. 

EM-A-Na'TION, n. 1. The act of flowing or proceeding 
from a fountain-head or origin. 2. That which issues, 
flows or proceeds from any source, substance or body ; ef- 
flux ; effluvium. 

EM'A-NA-TiVE, a. Issuing from another. 

E-MAN'CI-PATE, v. t. [L. emancipo.'] 1. To set free from 
servitude or slavery, by the voluntary act of the proprie- 
tor ; to liberate ; to restore from bondage to freedom. 2. 
To set free, or restore to liberty. 3. To free from bondage 
or restraint of any kind ; to liberate from subjection, con- 
trolling power or influence.— 4. In ancient Rome, to set a 
son free from subjection to his father, and give him the 
capacity of managing his affuirs, as if he was of age. 

E-MAN'CI-PATK a. Set at liberty. Cowper. 

E-MAN'CI-PA-TED, pp. Set free from bondage, slavery, 
servitude, subjection or dependence ; liberated. 



E-MAN'CI-PA-TING, ppr. Setting free from bondage, ser- 
vitude or dependence ; liberating. ^ 

E-MAN-CI-Pa'TION, n. The act of setting free from sla- 
very, servitude, subjection or dependence ; deliverance 
from bondage or controlling influeaice ; liberation. 

E-MAN'CI-PA-TOR, n. One who emancipates or liberates 
from bondage or restraint. 

E-MaNE', v. i. [L. emano.] To issue or flow from. See Em 

ANATE. 

t E-MAR'6IN-ATE, v.t. [L. emargino.] To take away 
the margin. 

E-MaR'GIN-ATE, ) a. [Fr. rmrge.] 1. In botany, notch- 

E-MAR'GIN-A-TED, j ed at the end.— 2. In mineralogy, 
having all the edges of the primitive form truncated, each 
by one face. 

E-MAR'OIN-ATE-LY, adv. In the fonn of notches. 

E-MAS'€U-LATE, v. t. [Low L. emasculo.] 1. To cas- 
trate ; to deprive a male of certain parts which character- 
ize the sex ; to geld ; to deprive of virility. 2. To de- 
prive of masculine strength or vigor ; to weaken ; to 
render effeminate ; to vitiate by unmanly softness. 

E-MaS'€U-LATE, a. Unmanned; deprived of vigor, 

E-MaS'€U-LA-TED, pp. Castrated; weakened. 

E-iV[AS'€U-LA-TING, ppr. Castrating ; gelding ; depriving 
of vigor. 

E-MAS-€U-La'TION, n. 1. The act of depriving a male of 
the parts which characterize the sex ; castration. 2. The 
act of depriving of vigor or strength; effeminacy; un- 
manly weakness. 

EM-BALE', V. t. [Fr. emballer.] 1. To make up into a 
bundle, bale or package ; to pack. 2. To bind ; to in- 
close. 

EM-BALM', (em-bam') v. t. [Fr. emhaumer.l 1. To open a 
dead body, take out the intestines, and fill their place 
with odoriferous and desiccative spices and drugs, to pre- 
vent its putrefaction. 2. To fill with sweet scent. 3. To 
preserve, with care and affection, from loss or decay. 

EM-BALM'ED, (em-bamd') pp. Filled with aromatic plants 
for preservation ; preserved from loss or destruction. 

EM-BALM'ER, n. One who embalms bodies for preserva- 
tion. 

EM-BALM'ING, ppr. Filling a dead body with spices for 
preservation; preserving with care from loss, decay or 
destruction. 

EM-BAR', v.t. 1. To shut, close or fasten with a bar ; to 
make fast. 2. To inclose so as to hinder egress or escape. 
Spenser. 3. To stop ; to shut from entering ; to hiijder ; 
to block up. Bacon. 

EM-BAR-€a'TI0N, 71. Embarkation, which see. 

EM-BAR'GO, 7?. [Sp. embargo; Port., Fr. id.] In com- 
merce, a restraint on ships, or prohibition of sailing, ei- 
ther out of port, or into port, or both ; which prohibition is 
by public authority, for a limited time. Most generally, it 
is a prohibition of ships to leave a port. 

EM-BAR'GO, V. t. [Sp., Port, embargar.] 1. ToMnder or 
prevent ships from sailing out of port, or into port, or 
both, by some law or edict of sovereign authority, for a 
limited time. 2. To stop ; to hinder from being prosecut- 
ed by the departure or entrance of ships. 

EM-BAR'GOED, pp. Stopped; hindered from sailing; hin- 
dered by public authority, as ships or commerce. 

EM-BAR'GO-ING, ppr. Restraining from sailing by public 
authority; hindering. 

EM-BARK', V. t. [Sp, embarcar.] I. To put or cause to 
enter on board a ship or other vessel or boat. 2. To en- 
gage a person in any affair. 

EM-BARK', V. i. I. To go on board of a ship, boat or ves- 
sel. 2. To engage in any business ; to undertake in ; tc 
take a share in. 

EM-BAR-Ka'TION, n. 1, The act of putting on board of a 
ship or other vessel, or the act of going aboard, 2. That 
which is embarked, 3, [Sp, embarcacion.] A small ves 
sel or boat ; [unusual.] 

EM-BARK'ED, (em-barkt') pp. Put on shipboard ; engaged 
in any affair. 

EM-BARK'ING, ppr. Putting on board of a ship or boat , 
going on shipboard. 

EM-BAR'RASS, v. t. [Fr, embarrasser.] 1. To perplex ; to 
render intricate ; to entangle. 2. To perplex, as the mmd 
or intellectual faculties ; to confuse. 3. To perplex, as 
with debts, or demands, beyond the means of payment. 
4. To perplex ; to confuse ; to disconcert ; to abash. 

EM-BAR'RASSED, pp. Perplexed ; rendered intricate ; con- 
fused ; confounded 

EM-BAR'RASS-ING, ppr. Perplexing ; entangUng ; confus- 
ing; confounding; abashing. 

EM-BAR'RASS-MENT, 71. 1. Perplexity; intricacy; en-^ 
tanglement. 2. Confusion of mind. 3. Perplexity aris- 
ing from insolvency, or from temporary inability to dis- 
charge debts. 4. Confusion ; abashment. 
EM-BaSE', v. t. 1. To lower in value ; to vitiate ; to de- 
prave ; to impair. 2. To degrade ; to vilify. 
EM-BaSE'MENT, 71. Act of depraving ; depravation ; dete- 
rioration. South. ■''■■ 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z j CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



EMB 



292 



EMB 



t EM'BAS-SADE, n. An embassy. Speiiaer. 

EM-BAS'SA-DOR, n. [Sp. cmbaxador ; Port. la. ,• Fr. am- 
bassadeur.] 1. A minister of the highest rank, employed 
by one prince or state, at the court of another, to manage 
the public concerns of his own prince or state, and repre- 
senting the power and dignity of his sovereign. — 2. In lu- 
dicrous language, a messenger. Ash. 

BM-BAS'SA-DRESS, n. 1. The consort of an embassador. 
2. A woman sent on a public message. 

t EM'BAS-SA6E, n. An embassy. 

EM'BAS-SY, 71. [Sp., Port, embaxada ; Fr. ambassade.] 1. 
The message or public function of an embassador ; the 
charge or employment of a public minister, whether em- 
bassador or enroy. 2. A solemn message. — 3. Ironically, 
an errand. 

EM-BAT'TLE, v. t. 1. To arrange in order of battle ; to 
array troops for battle. 2, To furnish with battlements. 

EM-BAT'TLE, v. i. To be ranged in order of battle. 

EM-BAT'TLED, pp. 1. Arrayed in order of battle. 2. 
Furnisned with battlements ; and, in heraldry, having the 
outline resembling a battlement, as an ordinary. 3. a. 
Having been the place of battle. 

EM-BAT'TLING,p;?!-. Ranging in battle array. 

FM-BaY', v. t. 1. To inclose in a bay or inlet ; to land- 
lock J to inclose between capes or promontories. 2. [Fr. 
baigner.] To bathe ; to wash ; [not used.] 

EM-BAiT'ED, (em-bade') pp. Inclosed in a bay, or between 
points of land, as a ship. 

EM-BED', V. t. To lay as in a bed ; to lay in surrounding 
matter. 

EM-BED'DED, pp. Laid as in a bed ; deposited or in- 
closed in surrounding matter. 

EM-BED'DING, ppr. Laying, depositing or forming, (is in 
abed. 

EM-BEL'LISH, ?;. «. [Fr. embellir.] 1. To adorn ; to beau- 
tify ; to decorate ; to make beautiful or elegant by orna- 
ments. 2. To make graceful or elegant. 

EM-BEL'LISHED, pp. Adorned ; decorated ; beautiiied. 

EM-BEL'LISH-ER, n. One who embellishes ; one who 
graces with ornaments. 

EM-BEL'LISH-ING, ppr. Adorning ; decorating ; adding 
grace, ornament or elegance to a person or thing. 

EM-BEL'LISF-MENT, ?i. 1. The act of adorning. 2. Or- 
nament ; dee.wation ; any thing that adds beauty or ele- 
gance ; that which renders any thing pleasing to the eye, 
or agreeable to the taste, in dress, furniture, manners, or 
in the fine arts. 

EM'BER, in ember-days, ember-weeks, is the Saxon emb-ren, 
or ymb-ryne, a circle. — Ember-days are the Wednesday, 
Friday and Saturday after duadragesima Sunday, after 
Whitsunday, after Holyrood day in September, and after 
St. Lucia's day in December. — Ember-days are days re- 
turning at certain seasons ; Ember-weeks, the weeks in 
which these days fall ; and our ancestors used the words 
Ember-fast and Ember-tide or season . Lye. 

EM'BER-GOOSE, n. A fowl of the genus colymbus. 

t EM'BER-ING, n. The ember-days. Tusser. 

EM'BERS, 71. phi. [Sax. cemyrian.] Small coals of fire with 
ashes ; the residuum of wood, coal or other combustibles 
not extinguished ; cinders. 

EM'BER-WEEK. ' See Ember. 

EM-BEZ'ZLE, v. t. [Norm. embeasUer.] 1. To appropri- 
ate fraudulently to one's own use what is intrusted to 
one's care and management. It differs from stealing and 
robbery in this, that the latter imply a wrongful taking of 
another's goods, but embezzlement denotes the wrongful 
appropriation and use of what came into possession by 
right. 2. To waste ; to dissipate in extravagance. 

EM-BEZ'ZLED, pp. Appropriated wrongfully to one's own 
use. 

EM-BEZ'ZLE-MENT, n. 1. The act of fraudulently appro- 
priating to one's own use the money or goods intrusted 
to one's care and management. 2. The thing appropriated. 

EM-BEZ'ZLER, n. One who embezzles. 

EM-BEZ'ZLING, ppr. Fraudulently applying to one's own 
use what is intrusted to one's care and employment. 

EM-BLaZE', v. t. [Fr. blasonner.] 1. To adorn with glit- 
termg embellishments. 2, To blazon : to paint or adorn 
with figures armorial. 

EM-BLaZ'ED, (em-blazd') pp. Adorned with shining orna- 
ments^ or with figures armorial. 

EM-BLaZ'ING, ppr. Embellishing with glittering orna- 
ments^ or with figures armorial. 

EM-BLa'ZON, (em-bla'zn) v. t. [Fr. blasonner.l, 1. To 
adorn with figures of heraldry or ensigns armorial. 2. To 
deck m glaring colors ; to display pompously. 

EM-BLa'ZONED, pp. Adorned with figures or ensigns ar- 
morial ; set out pompously. 

EM-BLa'ZON-ER, n. LA blazoner ; one that emblazons ; 
a herald. 2. One that publishes and displays with pomp 

EM-BLa'ZON-ING, ppr. Adorning with ensigns or figures 
armorial ; displaying with pomp. 

EM-BLl'ZON-MENT, «. An emblazoning. Roscoe. 



EM-BLa'ZON-RY, 71 Pictures on sJiields j display of figures. 

EM'BLEM, n. [Gr. ep.^Xrip.a.'] I. Inlay ; inlaid or mosaic 
work ; sometlfing inserted in the body of another. 2. A 
picture representing one thing to the eye, and another to 
the understanding ; a painted enigma. 3. A painting or 
representation, intended to hold forth some moral or polit- 
ical instruction ; an allusive picture ; a typical designa- 
tion. 4. That which represents another thing in its pre- 
dominant qualities. 

EM'BLEM, V. t. To represent by similar qualities. 

EM-BLE-MAT'I€, \ a. 1. Pertaining to or comprising 

EM-BLE-MAT'I-CAL, \ an emblem. 2. Representing by 
some allusion or customary connection. 3. Representhig 
by similar qualities. 4. Using emblems. 

EM-BLE-MAT'I-€AL-LY, adv. By way or means of em- 
blems ; in the manner of emblems ; by way of allusive 
representation. 

EM-BLEM'A-TIST, n. A writer or inventor of emblems. 

EM-BLEM'A-TiZE, v. t. To represent by an emblem. 

EM'BLE-MENT, n. used mostly in the plural. [Norm, evi- 
blear.] The produce or fruits of land sown or planted 
Blackstone. 

EM'BLE-MiZE, v.t.To represent by an emblem. 

EM'BLE-MlZED, pp. Represented by an emblem. 

EM'BLE-MlZ-ING, ppr. Representing by an emblem. 

EM-BLOOM', V. t. To cover or enrich with bloom. Oood. 

EM-BOD'IED, pp. Collected or formed into a body. 

EM-BOD'Y, V. t. To form or collect into a body or united 
mass ; to collect into a whole ; to incorporate ; to concen- 
trate. 

EM-BOD'Y-ING, ppr. Collecting or forming into a body. 

EM-BoGU'ING, (em-b5g'ing) n. The mouth of a river, or 
place where its waters are discharged into the sea. 

EM-BoIiD'EN, V. t. To give boldness or courage ; to en- 
courage. 

EM-BoLD'ENED,pp. Encouraged. 

EM-BoLD'EN-ING, ppr. Giving courage or holdness. 

EM'BO-LISM, n. [Gr. f//|8oXicr/jos.] 1. Intercalation ; the 
insertion of days, months or years, in an account of time, 
to produce regularity. 2. Intercalated time. 

EM-BO-LIS'MAL, a. Pertaining to intercalation j interca- 
lated ; inserted. 

EM-BO-LIS'Mie, a. Intercalated ; inserted. 

EM'BO-LU§, 71. [Gr. e/ijSoXof.] Something inserted or act- 
ing in another ; that which thrusts or drives ; a piston. 

EM-BOR'DER, v. t. [Old Fr. emborder.] To adorn with a 
border. 

EM-BOSS', V. t. 1. In architecture and sculpture, to form 
bosses or protuberances 5 to fashion in relievo or raised 
work ; to cut or form with prominent figures. 2. To form 
with bosses ; to cover with protuberances. 3. To drive 
hard in hunting, till a deer foams, or a dog's knees swell. 

t EM-BOSS', V. t. [Fr. emboUer.] To inclose as in aboxj 
to include ; to cover. Spenser. 

t EM- BOSS', V. t. [It. imboscare.] To inclose in a wood ; to 
conceal in a thicket. Milton. 

EM-BOSS'ED, {em-host') pp. Formed with bosses or raised 
figures. 

EM-BOSS'ING,. ppr. Forming with figures in relievo. 

EM-BOSS'MENT, n, 1. A prominence, like a boss ; a jut. 

2. Relief; figures in relievo ; raised work. 
EM-BOT'TLE, v. t. To put m a bottle 5 to bottle ; to include 

or confine in a bottle. 
EM-BOT'TLED, pp. Put in or included in bottles. Philips. 
EM-BoW', V. t. To form like a bow ; to arch ; to vault. 
EM-BOW'EL, V. t. 1. To take out the entrails of an animal 

body ; to eviscerate. 2. To take out the internal parts. 

3. To sink or inclose in another substance. 
EM-BOW'ELED, pp. Deprived of intestines ; eviscerated ; 

buried. 

EM-BOW'EL-ER, n. One that takes out the bowels. 

EM-BOW'EL-ING, ppr. Depriving of entrails ; eviscerat- 
ing; burying. 

EM-BOWER, V. i. To lodge or rest in a bower. 

EM-BRaCE', v. t. [Fr. ejabrasser.] 1. To take, clasp or in 
close in the arms ; to press to the bosom, in token of affec 
tion. 2. To seize eagerly ; to lay hold on ; to receive or 
take with willingness that which is offered. 3. To com- 
prehend ; to include or take in. 4. To comprise ; to in- 
close ; to encompass ; to contain ; to encircle. 5. To re- 
ceive ; to admit. 6. To find ; to take ; to accept. 7. To 
have carnal intercourse with. 8. To put on. 9 To at- 
tempt to influence a jury corruptly. 

EM-BRaCE', v. i. To join in an embrace. Shak. 

EM-BRaCE', n. 1. Inclosure or clasp with the arms ; pressure 
to the bosom with the arms. 2. Reception of one thing in 
to another. 3. Sexual intercourse ; conjugal endearment 

EM-BRa'CED, (em-braste') pp. 1. Inclosed in the arms , 
clasped to the bosom ; seized ; laid hold on ; received ; 
comprehended; included; contained; accepted. 2. In- 
fluenced corruptly ; biassed ; as a juror. 

EM-BRaCE'MENT, n. 1. A clasp in the arms ; a hug ; em- 
brace. 2. Hostile hug ; grapple. 3. Comprehension ; 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, O, '2, long — FAR, F^LL, WHAT ;— PRfiY ;-^lN, MARtNB, BiRD ;— t Obsolete 



EME 



293 



EMO 



state of being contained ; inclosure. 4. Conjugal endear- 
ment ; sexual commerce. 5. Willing acceptance. 

EM-BRA'CER, n. 1. Tlie person who embraces. 2. One 
wlio attempts to influence a jury corruptly. 

EM-BRa'CER-Y, n. In law, an attempt to influence a jury 
corruptly to one side, by promises, persuasions, entreaties, 
money, entertainments, or the like. 

EM-BRA'CING,pj)r. 1. Clasping in the arms ; pressing to 
the bosom ; seizing and holding ; comprehending ; includ- 
ing ; receiving ; accepting ; having conjugal intercourse. 
9. Attempting to influence a jury corruptly. 

t EM-BRAID', V. t. To upbraid. Elyot. 

*EM-BRA-SURE', (em-bra-zhure'") n. [Fr.] 1. An opening 
in a wall or parapet, through which cannon are pointed 
and discharged.— 2. In architecture, the enlar^jement of 
the aperture of a door or window, on the inside of the 
walh 

t EM-BRaVE', v. t. 1. To embellish ; to make showy 2. 
To inspire w:th bravery ; to make bold. 

EM'BR0-€ATE, v. t. [Gr. eji^qzx"^-] I" surcrery snd med- 
icine, to moisten and rub a diseased part of the body with 
a liquid substance. 

EM'BR0-€A-TED, Tpp. Moistened and rubbed witli a wet 
cloth or spunge. 

EM'BR0-€A-TING, -ppr. Moistening and rubbing a diseas- 
ed part with a wet cloth or spunge. 

EM-BRO-€a'TION, n. 1. The act of moistening and rubbing 
a disease'' nart with a cloth or spunge dipped in some 
liquid substance. 2 The liquid with which an aifected 
part is washed. 

EM-BROID'ER, v. t. [Fr. broder.] To border with orna- 
mental needle-work, or figures ; to adorn with raised 
figures of needle-work, as cloth, stuffs or muslin. 

EM-BROID'ERED, pp. Adorned with figures of needle- 
work. 

EM-BROID'ER-ER, n. One who embroiders. 

EM-BROID'ER-ING, ppr. Ornamenting with figured nee- 
dle-work. 

EM-BROID'ER-Y, n. 1. Work in gold, silver or silk thread, 
formed by the needle on cloth, stuffs and muslin, into va- 
rious figures ; variegated needle-work. 2. Variegation or 
diversity of figures and colors. 

EM-BROIL', v. t. [Fr. embroviller.] 1. To perplex or en- 
tangle ; to intermix in confusion. 2. To involve in troubles 
or perplexities ; to disturb or distract by connection with 
something else ; to throw into confusion or commotion ; 
to perplex. 

EM-BROIL'ED, (em-broil*) pp. Perplexed ; entangled ; in- 
termixed and confused ; involved in trouble. 

EM-BROIL'ING, ppr. Perplexing ; entangling ; involving 
in trouble. 

EM-BROIL'MENT, 71. Confusion ; disturbance. 

EM-BROTH'EL, v. t. To inclose in a brothel. Donne. 

EM'BRY-O, ) n. [Gr. ei^^pvov ; L. embryon.l 1. In physi- 

EM'BRY-ON, ] ology, the first rudiments ot an animal in 
the womb, before the several members are distinctly 
formed; after which it is called a, fetus. 2. The rudi- 
ments of a plant. 3. The beginning or first state of any 
thing not fit for production. 

EM'BRY-O, ) a. Pertaining to or noting any thing in its 

EM'BRY-ON, ) first rudiments or unfinished state. 

EM-BRY-OT*0-MY, n. [embryo, and Gr. ropiv-] A cutting 
or forcible separation of the fetus in utero. 

t EM-BUS'Y, (em-biz'y) v. t. To employ. 

jEME, ?t. [Sax. eame.] Uncle. See Eame. 

E-MEN'A-GOGUE. See Emmenagogue. 

t E-MEND', V. t. To amend. 

E-MEND'A-BLE, a. [L. emcndabilis.] Capable of being 
amended or corrected. See Amendable. 

t E-MEN'DATE-LY, adv. Without fault ; correct. Taverner. 

EM-EN-Da'TION, 71. [L. emendatio.'] 1. Tlie act of alter- 
ing for the better, or correcting what is erroneous or faul- 
ty ; correction. When we speak of life and manners, we 
use amend, amendment, the Frencli orthography. 2. An 
alteration for the better ; correction of an error or fault. 

EM-EN-Da'TOR, n. A corrector of errors or faults in 
writings ; one who corrects or improves. 

E-MEND' A-TO-RY, a. Contributing to emendation. 

{■ E-MEN DI-CATE, V. t. [L. emendico.] To beg. See 
Mendicate. 

EM'E-RALD, n. [Sp. esmeralda.] A mineral and a precious 
stone, whose colors are a pure, lively green, varying to a 
pale, yellowish, bluish, or grass green. 

E-MER6E', (e-merj') v. i. [L. emerffo.] 1. To rise out of 
a fluid or other covering or surrounding substance. 2. To 
issue ; to proceed from. 3. To reappear, after being 
eclipsed ; to leave the sphere of the obscuring object. 4. 
To rise out of a state of depression or obscurity ; to rise 
into view. 

E-MER6'ENCE, ) n. 1. The act of rising out of a fluid or 

E-MER6'EN-CY, \ other covering or surrounding matter. 
2. The act of rismg or starting into view ; the act of issu- 
ing from, or quitting. 3. That which comes suddenly ; a 



sudden occasion ; an unexpected event. 4. Exigence ; any 
event or occasional combination of circumstances which 
calls for immediate action or remedy ; pressing neces- 
sity. 

E-MERG'ENT, a. 1. Rising out of a fluid or any thing that 
covers or surrounds. 2. Issuing or proceeding from. 3. 
Rising out of a depressed state or from obscurity. 4. 
Coming suddenly ; sudden ; casual ; unexpected ; urgent ; 
pressing. 

E-MER'IT-ED, a. [L. emeritus.] Allowed to have done suf- 
ficient public service. Evelyn. 

EM'E-RODS, 71. with a plural termination. [Corrupted from 
hemorrhoids ; Gr. aifjioppoiSes.] Hemorrhoids ; piles ; a 
dilatation of the veins about the rectum, with a discharge 
of blood. 

E-MER'SION, n [L. emergo.] 1. The act of rising out of 
a fluid or other covering or surrounding substance. — 2. In 
astronomy, the reappearance of a heavenly body after an 
eclipse. '3. The reappearance of a star, which has been 
hid by the effulgence of the sun's light. 4. Extrication. 

EM'ER-Y, n. [Fr. enicril, em.eri.] A mineral. 

E-MET'IC, a. [It., Sp. e7netico.] Inducing to vomit ; ex- 
citing the stomach to discharge its contents by the oesopha- 
gus and mouth. 

E-MET'IC, n. A medicine that provokes vomiting. 

E-MET'I-CAL-LY, adv. In such a manner as to excite 
vomiting. Boyle.' 

EM'E-TIN, n. A substance obtained from the root of ipe- 

_ cacuana. 

g'MEVV I "' ^ "^™^ of the cassowary. 

EM-I-€A'TION, n. [L. emicatio.] A sparkling ; a flying 
off" in small particles, as from heated iron or fermenting 
liquors. 

E-MIC'TION, n. [L. mingo.] The discharging of urine ; 
urine ; what is voided by the urinary passages. 

EM'I-GRANT, a. Removing from one place or country to 
another distant place with a view to reside. 

EM'I-GRANT, n. One who removes his habitation, or quits 
one country or region to settle in another. 

EBI'I-GRATE, v. i. [L. emigro.] To quit one country, state 
or region and settle in another ; to remove from one coun- 
try or state to another for the purpose of residence. 

EM'I-GRA-TING, ppr. Removing from one country or state 
to anotlier for residence. 

EM-I-GRa'TIOPJ, n. Removal of inhabitants from one coun 
try or state to another, for the purpose of residence. 

EM'I-NENCE, )n. [L. emincjitia.] 1. Elevation ; height ; 

EM'I-NEN-CY, \ a rising ground ; a hill. 2. Summit : 
highest part, 3. A part rising or projecting beyond the 
rest, or above the surface. 4. An elevated situation 
among men ; a place or station above men in general, 
either in rank, office or celebrity. 5. Exaltation ; high 
rank ; distinction ; celebrity ; fame ; preferment ; con- 
spicuousness. 6. Supreme degree. 7. Notice ; distinc- 
tion. 8. A title of honor given to cardinals and others. 

EM'I-NENT, «. [L. emineyis.] 1. High; lofty. 2. Exalt- 
ed in rank ; high in office ; dignified ; distinguished. 3. 
High in public estimation ; conspicuous ; distinguished 
above others ; remarkable. 

EM'l-NENT-LY, adv. In a high degree ; in a degree to at- 

_ tract observation. 

E'MIR, n. [Ar.] A title of dignity among the Turks, de- 
noting a prince. 

EM'IS-SA-RY, n. [L. emissarius.] 1. A person sent on a 
mission ; a missionary employed to preach the gospel. 

2. A person sent on a private message or business ; a se- 
cret agent ; a spy. — An emissary may differ from a spy. 
A spy, in war, is one who enters an enemy's camp or ter- 
ritories to learn the condition of the enemy ; an emissary 
may be a secret agent employed not only to detect the 
schemes of an opposing party, but to influence their coun- 
cils, 3. That which sends out or emits ; [not used.] 

EM'IS-SA-RY, a. Exploring ; spying. B. Jonson. 

E-MIS'SION, n. [L. emissio.] 1. The act of sending or 
throwing out. 2. The act of sending abroad, or into cir- 
culation, notes of a state or of a private corporation. 3 
That which is sent out or issued at one time ; an impres- 
sion or a number of notes issued by one act of govern 
ment. 

EM-IS-Si"TIOUS, a. Prving ; narrowly examining. Bp 
Hall. 

E-MIT', v.t. [L, emitto.] 1. To send forth; to throw or 
give out. 2. To let fly ; to discharge ; to dart or shoot. 

3. To issue forth, as an order or decree. 4. To issue, as 
notes or bills of credit ; to print, and send into circulation. 

EM-MEN' A-GOGUE, n. [Gr. eiijxrjvos.] A medicine that 

promotes the menstrual discharge. 
EM'MET, n. [Sax. (Bmet.] An ant or pismire. 
EM-MEW, V. t. To mew ; to coop up ; to confitie in a coop 

or cage. Shak. 
t EM-MOVE', V. t. To move ; to rouse ; to excite. Spenser. 
EM-OL-LES'CENCE, n. [L. emollescens.] In metallurgy 



* See Synopsis. M5VE, BQOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; OH ajg SH ; TH as in this, f Oisolete. 



EMP 



294 



EMP 



that degree of softness in a fusible body, whicli alters its 
shape ; the first or lowest degree of fusibility. 
E-MOL'LI-ATE, v. t. [L. emollio.] To soften ; to render 

effeminate. 
E-MOL'LI-A-TED, pp. Softened ; rendered effeminate. 
E-MOL'LI-A-TING, ppr. Softening ; rendering effeminate. 
E-MOL'LI-ENT, a. Softening ; making supple ; relaxing 

the solids. Arbuthnot. 
E-MOL'LI-ENT, n. A medicine which softens and relaxes, 

or sheaths the solids. Coxe. 
EM-OL-Ll"TiON, n. Tlie act of softening or relaxftig. 
E-MOL'U-MENT, n. [L. emolunientum.] 1. The profit 
arising from ofiice or employment ; that which is received 
as a compensation for services. 2. Profit; advantage j 
gains in general. 
E-MOL-U-MENT'AL, a. Producing profit 5 useful 3 profit- 
able ; advantageous. Evelyn. 
E-M6NGST', for among, in Spenser, is a mistake. 
E-MO'TION, ?j. \Ij. emotio.] 1. A moving of the mind ; 
any agitation of mind, or excitement of sensibility.— 2. 
In a philosophical sense, an internal motion or agitation of 
the mind, which passes away without desire ; when de- 
sire follows, the motion or agitation is called a. passion. 
t EM-PAIR' V. t. To impair. See Impair. 
t EM-PAIR', V. i. To become less ; to grow worse. Spenser. 
Ei\I-PaLE', v. t. [Port, empalar ; Fr. cmpaler.] 1. To fence 
or fortify with stakes ; to set a line of stakes or posts for 
defense. 2. To inclose ; to surround. 3. To inclose ; fo 
shut in. 4. To thrust a stake up the fundament, and thus 
put to death ; to put to death by fixing on a stake. 
EM-PaL'ED, (em-pald') pp. Fenced or fortified with stakes ; 

inclosed ; shut in ; fixed on a stake. 
EM-PaLE'MENT, 71. 1. A fencing, fortifying or inclosing 
with stakes ; a putting to death by thrusting a stake into 
the body.— 2. In botany, the calyx or flower-cup of a plant, 
which surrounds the fructification, like a fence of pales. — 
3. In heraldry, a conjunction of coats of arms, pale-wise. 
EM-PaL'ING, ppr. Fortifying with pales or stakes ; inclo- 
sing ; putting to death on a stake. 
EM-PAN'NEL, n. [Fr. panneau.] A list of jurors ; a small 
piece of paper or parchment containing the names of the 
jurors summoned by the sheriff; now written pawneZ. 
EM-PAN'NEL, v. t. To form a list of jurors. It is now 

Avritten impannel, which see. 
EM-PARK', V. t. To inclose as with a fence. King. 
EM-PAR'LANCE. See Imparlance. 
EM-PASM', n. [Gr. Ejuiracro-u.] A powder used to prevent 

the bad scent of the body. 
EM-PAS'SION, v. t. To move with passion ; to affect 

strongly. See Impassion. Milton. 
EM-PAS'SION-ATE, a. Strongly affected. Spenser. 
EM-PeACH'. See Impeach. 
EM-PEl'RAL. See Empiric. 
EM-PeO'PLE, (em-pee'pl) v. t. To form into a people or 

community. [Little used.] Spenser. 
EM'PER-ESS. See Empress. 
■f EM-PER'IL, V. t. To endanger. Spenser. 
t EM-PER'ISHED, a. Decayed. Spenser. 
EM'PER-OR, n. [Fr. empereur ; Sp. emperador j It. impe- 
radore ; L. imperator.] Literally, the commander of an 
army. — In modermtiwies, the sovereign or supreme monarch 
of an empire ; a title of dignity superior to that of king. 
fEM'PER-Y, n. Empire. ShaJc. 

EM'PHA-SIS, 71. [Gr. £/^^acr£f.] In rhetoric, a particular 
stress of voice, given to certain words or parts of a dis- 
course, or a distinctive utterance of words specially sig- 
nificant. _ 
EM'PHA-SiZE, V. t. To utter or pronounce with a particu- 
lar or more forcible stress of voice. 
EM-PHAT'I€, I a. 1. Forcible ; strong ; impressive. 
EM-PHAT'I-€AL, \ 2. Requiring emphasis. 3. Uttered 

with emphasis. 4. Striking to the eye. 
EM-PHAT'I-€AL-LY, adv. 1. With emphasis ; strongly ; 
forcibly. 2. According to appearance ; [not used.] Brown. 
EM-PHY-Se'MA, ) n. [Gr. £//0u(TJ7/^a.] In surgery, a puffy 
EM'PHY-SEM, ) tumor, easily yielding to pressure. 
EM-PHY-SEM'A-TOUS, a. Pertaining to emphysema; 

swelled, bloated, but yielding easily to pressure. 
EM-PHY-TEu'TI€, a. [Gr. qi, tv and (jtvTtvGLi.] Taken 

on hire ; that for which rent is to be paid, 
t EM-PIERCE', (em-pers') v. t. To pierce into ; to pene- 
trate. See Pierce. Spenser. 
tEM-PlGHT', a. [from pig-M, to fix.] Fixed. Spenser. 
EM'PlRE, 71. [Fr., from L. iwperium.] 1. Supreme power 
in governing ; supreme dominion ; sovereignty ; imperial 
power. 2. The territory, region or countries under the 
jurisdiction and dominion of an emperor. An empire is 
usually a territory of greater extent than a kingdom. 3. 
Supreme control ; governing influence ; rule ; sway. 4, 
Any region, land or water, over which dominion is ex- 
tendea. 
* EM'PI-RI€, n. [Gr. eixireipiKo^.] Literally, one who makes 
experiments. A physician who enters on practice without 



a regular professional education. A quack ; an ignorant 
pretender to medical skill ; a charlatan. 

EM-PIR'I€, ) a. 1. Pertaining to experiments or expe- 

EM-PIR'I-€AL, ) rience. 2. Versed in experiments. 3. 
Known only by experience ; derived from experiment j 
used and applied without science. 

EM-PIR'I-€AL-LY, adv. By experiment ; according to ex- 
perience ; without science ; in the manner of quacks. 

EM-PIR'I-CISM, 71. 1. Dependence of a physician on his 
experience in practice, without the aid of a regular med- 
ical education. 2. The practice of medicine without a 
medical education ; quackery. 

EM-PLAS'TER, n. [Gr. E/zTrAaorpov.] See Plaster. 

EM-PLaS'TER, v.t. To cover with a plaster. Mortimer. 

EM-PLAS'TI€, a. [Gr. eixnXacrTiKos.] See Plastic. Vis- 
cous ;_glutinous ; adhesive ; fit to be applied as a plaster. 

EM-PLeAD', v. t. To charge with a crime ; to accuse. It 
is now written implead. 

EM-PLOY', V. t. [Fr. employer.] 1. To occupy the time, 
attention and labor of; to keep busy, or at work ; to use. 
2. To use as an instrument or means. 3. To use as ma- 
terials in forming any thing. 4. To engage in one's ser- 
vice ; to use as an agent or substitute in transacting busi- 
ness. 5. To occupy ; to use ; to apply or devote to an 
object ; to pass in business. — To employ one^s self, is to ap- 
ply or devote one's time and attention ; to busy one's self. 

EM-PLOY', n. 1. That which engages the mind, or occu- 
pies the time and labor of a person ; business ; object of 
study or industry ; employment. 2. Occupation, as art, 
mystery, trade, piofession. 3. Public office; agency; 
service for another 

EM-PLOY' A-BLE, a. That may be employed ; capable of 
being used ; fit or proper for use. Boyle. 

EM-PLOY'ED, (em-ployd') pp. Occupied ; fixed or en- 
gaged ; applied in business ; used in agency. 

EM-PLOY'ER, n. One who employs ; one who uses ; one 
who engages or keeps in sei-vice. 

EM-PLOY'ING, ppr. Occupying ; using ; keeping busy. 

EM-PLOY'MENT, n. 1. The act of employing or using. 
2. Occupation ; business ; that which engages the head 
or hands. 3. Ofiice; public business or trust; agency or 
service for another or for the public. 

EM-PLUNGE'. See PlUnge. 

EM-POIS'ON, v. t. [Fr. empoisonner.] 1. To poison ; to 
administer poison to. 2. To taint with poison or venom ; 
to render noxious or deleterious by an admixture of poison- 
ous substance. 3. To imbitter ; to deprive of sweetness. 

EM-POIS'ONED, pp. Poisoned ; tainted with venom ; ira- 
bittered. 

EM-POIS'ON-ER, 71. One who poisons ; one who adminis- 
ters a deleterious drug ; he or that which imbitters. 

EM-POIS'ON-ING, ppr. Poisoning ; imbittering. 

EM-POIS'ON-MENT, n. The act of administermg poison, 
or causing it to be taken ; the act of destroying life by a 
deleterious drug. 

EM-PO-RET'I€, a. [Gr. zpLirogeTiKoi.] Used in markets, or 
in rnerchandise. 

EM-Po'RI-UM, n. [L.] 1. A place of merchandise ; a 
town or city of trade ; particularly, a city or town of ex- 
tensive commerce.— 2. In medicine, the common sensory 
in the brain. 

EM-POV'ER-ISII. See Impoverish. 

EM-POWER, V. t. 1. To give legal or moral power or au- , 
thority to ; to authorize, either by law, commission, letter 
of attorney, natural right, or by verbal license. 2. To 
give physical power or force ; to enable. 

EM-POW^'ERED, pp. Authorized ; having legal or moral 
right. 

EM-POW'ER-ING, ypr. Authorizing; giving power. 

EM'PRESS, 71. [contracted from emperess.] 1. The con- 
sort or spouse of an emperor. 2. A female who gov- 
erns an empire ; a female invested with imperial power 
or sovereignty. 

EM-PRlSE', n. [Norm. ; em, en sxiA prise.] An undertak- 
ing ; an enterprise. Spenser. 

EMP'TI-ER, 71. One that empties or exhausts. 

EMP'TI-NESS, n. 1. A state of being empty ; a state of 
containing nothing except arf ; destitution; absence of 
matter. 2. Void space ; vacuity ; vacuum. 3. Want 
of solidity or substance. 4. Unsatisfactoriness ; inability 
to satisfy desire. 5 Vacuity of head ; want of intellecf, 
or knowledge. Pope. 

EMP'TION, n. [L. emptio.] The act of buying ; a purchas- 
ing. [Mot much u^ed.] Arbuthnot. 

EMP'TY, a. [Sax. mmtig, or cemti.] 1. Containing nothing, 
or nothing but air. 2. Evacuated ; not filled. 3. Unfur- 
nished. 4. Void ; devoid. 5. Void ; destitute of solid 
matter. 6. Destitute of force or effect. 7. Unsubstantial ; 
unsatisfactory ; not able to fill the mind or the desires. 
8. Not supplied ; having nothing to carry. 9. Hungry. 
10. Unfurnished with intellect or knowledge ; vacant of 
head ; ignorant. 11. Unfruitful ; producing nothing 
12. Wcinting substance ; wanting solidity. 13. Destitut-e , 



* See Synopsis. A, S, r, O, t!, "?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



ENA 



295 



ENC 



waste ; desolate. 14. Without effect. 15. Without a 

cargo ; in ballast. 
IlMP'TY, V. t. 1. To exhaust ; to make void or destitute ; 

to deprive of the contents. 2. To pour out the contents. 

3. To waste ; to make desolate. 
EMP'TY, V. i. 1. To pour out or discharge its contents. 

2. To become empty. 
J^MP'TY-ING, ppr. Touring out the contents ; making void. 
EMFTY-INGS, n. The lees of beer, cider, &c. 
EM-PUR'PLE, V. t. To tinge or dye of a purple color j to 

discolor with purple. Philips. 
EM-PUR'PLED, pp. Stained with a purple color. 
EM-PUR'PLING, ppr. Tinging or dyeing of a purple color. 
•(• EM-PuSE'j n. [Gr. elx■Kov(sa.^ A phantom or spectre. 
EM-PUZ^ZLE. See Puzzle. 
EM-PY-E'MA, n. [Gr. eixnvrjixa.] A collection of purulent 

matter in any part whatsoever j generally used to signify 

that in the cavity of the breast only. Q,uincy. 
EM-PYR'E-AL, a. [Ft. empyree.] I. Formed of pure fire 

or light; refined beyond aerial substance; pertaining to 

the highest and purest region of heaven. 2. Pure ; vital ; 

dephlogisticated. 

* EM-PY-Re'AN, a. Empyreal. Akenside. 

* EM-PY-Re'AN, n. The highest heaven, where the pure 
element of fire has been supposed to subsist. 

EM-PYR'E-UM, n. The same as evipyreuma. 

EM-PY-REu'MA, n. [Gr.] In chemistry, a disagreeable 
smell produced from burnt oils. 

EM-PY-REU-MAT'ie, ; a. Having the taste or smell 

EM-PY-REU-MAT'I-eAL, ) of burnt oil, or of burning 
animal and vegetable substances. 

EM-PYR'I-€AL, a. Containhig the combustible principle 
of coal. Kirwan. 

EM-PY-Ro'SIS, n. [Gr. s/^TriijJoa).] A general fire; a con- 
flagration. [Little wsed.} Hale. 

EM'RODS. See Emerods. 

E'MU, n. A large fowl of South America, with wings unfit 
for flight. 

EM'U-LATE, v. t. [L. mmulor.] 1. To strive to equal or 
excel, in qualities or actions ; to imitate, with a view to 
equal or excel ; to vie with ; to rival. 2. To be equal to. 
3. To imitate ; to resemble ; [unusual.'] 

EM'U-LATE, a. Ambitious. [Little used.] Shah. 

EM'U-LA-TED, pp. Rivaled ; imitated. 

EM'U-LA-TING, ppr. Rivaling ; attempting to equal or 
excel; imitating; resembling. 

EM-U-La'TION, n. 1. The act of attempting to equal or 
excel in qualities or actions ; rivalry ; desire of superior- 
ity, attended with effort to attain to it ; generally in a 
good sense. 2. An ardor kindled by the praise-worthy 
examples of others, inciting to imitate them, or to equal 
or excel them. 3. Contest ; contention ; strife ; competi- 
tion; rivalry accompanied with a desire of depressing 
another. 

EM'U-LA-TiVE, a. Inclined to emulation ; rivaling ; dis- 
posed to competition. 

EM'U-LA-TOR, n. One who emulates ; a rival ; a compet- 
itor. 

EM'U-LA-TRESS, n. A female who emulates another. 

] E-MULE', V. t. To emulate. 

E-MUL6'ENT, a. [L. emulgco.] Milking or draining out. 
In anatomy, the emulgent or renal arteries are those which 
supply the kidneys with blood . The emulgent veins re- 
turn rhe blood, after the urine is secreted. 

E-MULG'ENT, n. An emulgent vessel. 

EM'U-LOUS, a. [L. amulus.] 1. Desirous or eager to imi- 
tate, equal or excel another ; desirous of like excellence 
with another ; with of. 2. Rivaling ; engaged in compe- 
tition. 3. Factious ; contentious. 

EM'U-LOUS-LY, adv. With desire of equalling or excelling 
another. Granville. 

E-MUL'SION, n. [Fr., from L. emulsus.] A soft liquid 
remedy of a color and consistence resembling milk. 

E-MUL'SIVE, a. 1. Softening; milk-like. 2. Producing 
or yielding a milk-like substance. 

E-MUN€'TO-RY, n. [L. emunctorium.] In anatomy, any 
part of the body which serves to carry off excrementitious 
matter ; a secretory gland ; an excretory duct. 

EM-US-€a'TION, n. [L. emuscor.] A freeing from moss. 
[JVot much used.] Evelyn. 

EN, a prefix to many English words, chiefly borrowed from 
the French. It coincides with the Latin in, Greek ev, 
and some English words are written indifferently with en 
or in. For the ease of pronunciation, it is changed to em., 
particularly before a labial, as in employ.— En was for- 
merly a plural termination of nouns and of verbs, as in 
housen, escapen. It is retained in oxen and children. 

EN-a'BLE, v. t. [Norm, enhabler.] 1. To make able ; to 
supply with power, physical or moral ; to furnish with 
sufficient power or ability. 2. To supply with means. 
3. To furnish with legal ability or competency ; to au- 
thorize. 4. To furnish with competent knowledge or 
skill, and, in general, with adequate means. 



EN-S'BLED, pp. Supplied with suflicient power, physlcaf, 
moral or legal. 

EN-A'BLE-MENT, n. The act of enabling ; ability. 

EN-a'BLING, ppr Giving power to ; supplying with sufii- 
cient power, ability or means ; authorizing. 

EN-A€!T', v. t. [en and act.] I. To make, as a law ; to pass, 
as a bill into a law ; to perform the last act of a legislature 
to a bill, giving it validity as a lavs ; to give legislative 
sanction to a bill. 2. To decree ; to establish as the will 
of the supreme power. 3. To act ; to perform ; to effect ; 

' [not used.] 4. To represent in action ; [not used.] Shak. 

t EN-ACT', n. Purpose; determination. 

EN-ACT'ED, pp. Passed into a law ; sanctioned as a law, 
by legislative authority. 

EN-ACT'ING, ppr. 1. Passing into a law ; giving legisla- 
tive sanction to a bill, and establishing it as a law. 2. a. 
Giving legislative forms and sanction. 

EN-ACT'lYE, a. Having the power to establish or decree. 
Bp. Bramhall. 

EN-ACT'MENT, n. The passing of a bill into a law ; the 
act of voting, decreeing, and giving validity to a law. 
Chr. Observer. 

EN-ACT'OR, 71, 1. One who enacts or passes a law ; one 
who decrees or establishes, as a law. 2. One who per- 
forms any thing ; [not used.] Shak. 

t EN-ACT'URE, n. Purpose. Shak. 

E-NAL'LA-6E, n. [Gr. evaAAa)/);.] A figure, in grammar, 
by which some change is made m the common mode of 
speech, or when one word is substituted for anotiier. 

EN-AM'BUSH, v. t. 1. To hide in ambush. 2. To ambush. 

EN-AM'B j,JSHED, ]}p. Concealed in ambush, or with hostile 
intention ; ambushed. 

EN-AM'EL, 11. [en, and Fr. email.] 1. In mineralogy, a 
substance imperfectly vitrified — In the arts, a substance 
of the nature of glass, differing from it by a greater degree 
of fusibility or opacity. 2. That which is enameled ; a 
smooth, glossy surface of various colors, resembling en« 
amel. — 3. In anatojny, the smooth, hard substance, which 
covers the crown of a to6th. 

EN-AM'EL, V. t. 1. To lay enamel on a metal, as on gold, 
silver, copper, &c. 2. To paint in enamel. 3. To form 
a glossy surface like enamel. 

EN-AM'EL, V. i. To practice the use of enamel. 

EN-AM'EL-AR, a. Consisting of enamel ; resembling en- 
amel ; smooth ; glossy. 

EN-AM'ELED, pp. Overlaid with enamel ; adorned vv^ith 
any thing resembling enamel. 

EN-AM'EL-ER, 71. One who enamels ; one whose occupa- 
tion is to lay enamels, or inlay colors. 

EN-AM'EL-ING, ppr. Laying enamel. 

EN-AM'EL-ING, n. The act or art of laying enamels. 

EN-AM'OR, v. t. [Fr. amour.] To inflame with love ; tc 
charm ; to captivate. 

EN-AM-O^Ra'DO, n. One deeply in love. Herbert. 

EN-AM'ORED, pp. Inflamed with love; charmed; de- 
lighted. 

EN-AM'OR-ING, 7?pr. Inflaming with love; charming, 
captivating. 

EN-ARM'ED, (en-armd') a. In heraldry, having arms, that is, 
horns, hoofs, &c. of a different color from that of the 
body. 

EN-AR-Ra'TION, n. [L. enarro.] Recital ; relation ; ac- 
count ; exposition. [Little used.] 

EN-AR-THRo'SIS, 71. [Gr. eva^Qgwais.] In anatomy, that 
species of articulation, which consists in the insertion of 
the round end of a bone in the cup-like cavity of another, 
forming a movable joint ; the ball and socket. 

E-NaTE', a. [L. enatus.] Growing out. Smith. 

t E-NAUN'TER, adv. Lest that, denser. 

EN-€a6E', v. t. To shut up or confine in a cage ; to coop. 
Shak. 

EN-CaG'ED, (en-kajd') pp. Shut up or confined in a cage 

EN-€a6'ING, ppr. Cooping ; confining in a cage. 

EN-€AMPi, v.i. 1. To pitch tents or fonn huts, as an 
army ; to halt on a march, spread tents and remain for a 
night or for a longer time, as an army or company. 2. To 
pitch tents for the purpose of a siege ; to besiege. 

EN-CAMP', V. t. To form into a camp ; to place a marching 
army or company in a temporary habitation or quarters. 

EN-CAMP'ED, (en-kampf) pp. Settled in tents or huts for 

lodging or temporary habitation. 
EN-CAMP'ING, ppr. Pitching tents or forming huts, for a 

temporary lodging or rest. 
EN-CAMP'MENT, n. 1. The act of pitching tents or form- 
ing huts, as an army or traveling company, for temporary 
lodging or rest. 2. The place where an army or company 
is encamped ; a camp. 
EN-€ANK'ER, v. t. To corrode ; to canker. Shelton. 
EN-€aSE', v. t. To inclose or confine in a case or cover. 
EN-€AUS'TI€, a. [Gr. ev and KavamKos.] Pertaining to 

tjie art of enameling, and to painting in burnt wax. 
EN-€AUS'Tie, n. 1. Enamel or enameling. 2. The 
method of painting in burnt wax. 



* See S?/wop.5w. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE,— € as K ; G as J ; $ as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



ENC 



296 



ENC 



EN-€SVE', V. i To hide in a cave or recess. Shak. 

EN-CEINT', (anrsaint') n. [Fr.] In fortification, inclosme; 
the wall or rampart which surrounds a place. 

EN-CEINT', (an-saint') a. In law, pregnant ; with child. 

EN-Ce'NI-A, ?;. plu. [Gt. evyKatvia.] Festivals anciently 
kept on the days on which cities were built, or churches 
consecrated ; and, in later times, ceremonies renewed at 
certain periods, as at Oxford , at the celebrations of foun- 
ders and benefactors. Oldisworth. 

EN-CHaFE', v. t. To chafe or fret ; to provoke ; to en- 
rage ; to irritate. See Chafe. 

EN-CHaF'ED, (en-chaff) pp. Chafed ; irritated ; en- 
raged. 

EN-CHaF'ING, ppr. Chafing ; fretting ; enraging. 

EN-CHAIN', V. t. [Fr. enchahier.] 1. To fasten with a 
chain ; to bind or hold in chains ; to hold in bondage. 2. 
To hold fost ; to restrain ; to confine. 3. To link togeth- 
er ; to connect. 

EN-CHa1N'ED, (en-chand') pp. Fastened with a chain ; 
held in bondage ; held fast ; restrained ; confined. 

EN-UHaIN'ING, ppr. Making fast with a chain; binding; 
holding in chains ; confining. 

EN-CHANT', V. t. [Fr. enchanter.] 1. To practice sorcery 
or witchcraft on any thing ; to give efficacy to any thing 
by songs of sorcery, or fascination. 2. To subdue by 
charms or spells, 3. To delight to the highest degree ; to 
charm ; to ravish with pleasure. 

EN-CHANT'ED, pp. 1. Affected by sorcery ; fascinated ; 
subdued by charms ; delighted beyond measure. 2. In- 
habited or possessed by elves, witches, or other imaginary 
mischievous spirits. 

EN-CHaNTEK, n. 1. One who enchants ; a sorcerer or 
magician; one who has sphits or demons at his com- 
mand ; one who practices enchantment. 2. One who 
charms or delights. — Enchanter's nightshade, a genus of 
plants, the circcea. 

EN-CHANTlNG, ppr. 1. Affecting with sorcery, charms 
or spells. 2. Delighting highly ; ravishing with delight ; 
char'ning. 3. a. Charming; delighting; ravishing. 

EN-CHaNT'ING-LY, adv. With "the power of enchant- 
ment ; in a manner to delight or chann. 

EN-CHaNT'MENT, n. 1. The act of producing certain 
wonderful effects by the invocation or aid of demons, or 
the agency of certain supposed spirits ; the use of magic 
arts, spells or charms; incantation. 2. Irresistible influ- 
ence ; overpowering influence of delight. 

EN-CHANT'RESS, n. 1. A sorceress ; a woman who pre- 
tends to effect wonderful things by the aid of demons ; 
one who pretends to practice magic. 2. A woman whose 
beauty or excellencies give irresistible influence. 

t SN-CHAP.,GE', v. t. To give in charge or trust. 

EN-CHASE', V. t. [Fr. enchasser.] 1. To infix or inclose 
in another body so as to be held fast, but not concealed. 
2. Technically, to adorn by embossed work ; to enrich or 
beautify any work in metal, by some design. 3. To adorn 
by being fixed on it. 4. To mark by incision. 5. To de- 
lineate. 

EN-CHaS'ED, (en-chasf) pp. Enclosed as in a frame or in 
another body ; adorned with embossed work. 

EN-CHaS'ING, ppr. Inclosing in another body; adorning 
with embossed work. 

t EN-CHeAS'ON, ??.. [OldFr.] Cause; occasion. 

t EN-€HI-RID'I-ON, 71. [Gr. ev and ;^ap. j A manual ; a book 
to be carried in the hand. 

t EN-CIN'DERED, a. Burnt to cinders. Cocker aju. 

EN-CiR'€LE, V. t. 1. To inclose or surround with a circle 
or ring, or with any thing in a chcular form. 2. To en- 
compass ; to surround ; to environ. 3. To embrace. 

EN-CiR'€LED, pp. SmToimded with a circle ; encompassed; 

- environed ; embraced. 

EN-CiR'CLET, n. A circle ; a ring. Sidney. 

EN-CiR'€LING, ppr. Surrounding with a circle or ring ; 
encompassing ; embracing. 

EN-€LIT'I€, ) a. [Gr. tyKKiTiKog.'] 1. Leaning; inclin- 

EN-CLIT'I-€AL, \ ing, or inclined. — In grammar, an en- 
clitic particle or word is one which is so closely united to 
another as to seem to be a part of it ; as que, ve, and ve, 
in viriiviqne, nonne, aliusve. 2. Throwing back the ac- 
cent upon the foregoing syllable. 

EN-CLIT'I€, n. LA word which is joined to the end of 
another ; as que, in virumque. 2. A particle or word that 
throws the accent or emphasis back upon the former syl- 
lable. 

EN-€LIT'I-€AL-LY, adv. In an enclitic manner ; by thro v/- 
ing the accent back. Walker. 

EN-€L1T'I€S, a. In grammar, the art of declining and 
conjugating words. 

EN-€LoSE'. See Inclose. 

EN-€LOUD'ED, a. Covered with clouds. Spenser. 

EN-€oACH', V. t. To carry in a coach. Davics. 

EN-€OF'FIN, V. t. To put in a coffin. 

EN-€OF'FINED, pp. Inclosed in a coffii? Spenser. 

EN-€6M'BER. See Ekcumbeh. 



tEN-€6M'BER-MENT, m. Molestation. Spensir. 

EN-€o'MI-AST, n. [Gr. Ey/cw^ujaorj??.] One who praises 
another; a panegyrist; one who utters or writes com- 
mendations. 

EN-€0-MI-AS'TI€, ) a. Bestowing praise ; praising , 

EN-€0-MI-AS'TI-€AL, ) commending; laudatory. 

EN-eO-MI-AS'TI€, n. A panegyric. 

t EN-Co'MI-ON, n. Panegyric. Fotherhy. 

EN-€o'MI-UM, n. ; plu. Encomiums. [L.] Praise ; pane- 
gyric ; commendation. 

EN-€6M'PASS, v. t. 1. To encircle : to surround. 2. To 
environ ; to inclose ; to surround; to shut pa. 3. To go 
or sail round. 

EN-€oM'PASSED, pp. Encircled ; surrounded ; inclosed.. 

EN-e6M'PASS-ING,ppr. Encircling; surrounding. 

EN-€6M'PASS-MENT, n. 1. A surrounding. 2. A going 
round ; circumlocution in speaking. Shak. 

*EN-€oRE', a French word pronounced nearly Un-kore' 
and signifying again, once more ; used by the auditors 
and spectators of plays and other sports, when tliey call 
for a i;epetition of a particular part. 

* EN-€oRE', (an-kore' ) v. t. To call for a repetition of a par- 
ticular part of an entertainment. 

EN-€OUNT'ER, n. [Fr. encontre.] 1. A meeting, particu- 
larly a sudden or accidental meeting of two or more per 
sons. 2. A meeting in contest; a single combat, on a 
sudden meeting of parties ; sometimes, less properly, a 
duel. 3. A fight ; a conflict ; a skirmish ; a battle ; but 
more generally, a fight between a small number of men. 

4. Eager and warm conversation, either in love or anger. 

5. A sudden or unexpected address or accosting. 6. Oc- 
casion ; casual incident ; [urmsual.] 

EN-€OUNT'ER, v. t. [Sp., Port, encontrar ; Fr. rencon- 
tr-er.] 1. To meet face to face; particularly, to meet 
suddenly or unexpectedly. 2. To meet in opposition, or 
in a hostile manner ; to rush against in conflict ; to engage 
with in battle. 3. To meet and strive to remove or sur- 
mount. 4. To meet and oppose ; to resist ; to attack and 
attempt to confute. 5. To meet, as an obstacle. 6. To 
oppose; to oppugn. 7. To meet in mutual kindness; 
[little 2ised.] 

EN-€OUNT'ER, v. i. 1. To meet face to face ; to meet un- 
expectedly. 2. To rush together in combat; to fight; to 
conflict. 3. To meet in opposition or debate. 

EN-GOUNT'ERED, pp. Met face to face ; met in opposition 
or hostility ; opposed. 

EN-€01TNT'ER-ER, n. One who encountei-s ; an oppo- 
nent ; an antagonist. Attcrhury. 

EN-eOUNT'ER-ING,;>f)r. Meeting; meeting in opposition, 
or in battle ; opposing ; resisting. 

EN-CoUR'AGE, (en-kur'raje) v. t. [Fr. encourager.] To 
give courage to ; to give or increase confidence of success ; 
to inspire with courage, spirit, or strength of mind ; to 
embolden ; to animate ; to incite ; to inspirit. 

EN-CoUR'AGED, pp. Emboldened ; inspirited ; animated j 
incited. 

EN-€6UR'A6E-MENT, n. 1. The act of giving courage, or 
confidence of success ; incitement to action or to prac- 
tice ; incentive. 2. That which serves to incite, support, 
promote or advance, as favor, countenance, rewards, 
profit. 

EN-€oUR'A-GER, n. One who encourages, incites or stim- 
ulates to action ; one who supplies incitements, either by 
council, reward or means of execution. 

EN-€6UR'A-6lNG,ppr. 1. Inspning with hope and confi- 
dence ; exciting courage. 2. a. Furnishing ground to 
hope for success. 

EN-€oUR'A-GlNG-LY, adv. In a manner to give courage, 
or hope of success. 

EN-€Ra'DLE, v. t. To lay in a cradle. Spenser. 

EN-CRIM'SON, V. t. To cover with a crimson color. 

EN-€RIM'S0NED, pp. Covered with a crimson color. 

EN'€RI-NITE, n. [Gr. Kpivov.] Stone-lily ; a fossil zoo- 
phyte, formed of many joints, all perforated by some 
starry from. 

EN-CRISP'ED, (en-krispt'") a. [Sp. encrespar.] Curled, 
formed in curls. Skelton. 

EN-€RoACH , •;;. i. [Fr. accrocher.] 1. To enter on the 
rights and possessions of another ; to intrude ; to take 
possession of what belongs to another, by gradual ad 
vances into. 2. To creep on gradually, without right. 3 
To pass the proper bounds, and enter on another's rights 

EN-€RoACH'ER, rz. 1. One who enters on and takes pos- 
session of what is not his own, by gradual steps. 2. One 
who makes gradual advances beyond his rights. 

EN-€RoACH'ING, jjpr. Entering on and taking possession 
of what belongs to another. 

EN-€RoACH'INGj n. Tending or apt to encroach. 

EN-€RoACH'ING-LY, adv. By way of encroachment. 

EN-CRoACH'MENT, n. 1. The entering gradually on the 
rights or possessions of another, and taking possession , 
unlawful inti-usion ; advance into the territories or juris- 
diction of another, by silent means, or without right. 2. 



* See Synopsis. K, E, I, O, tj "?, Zow?.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY •,— PIN, MARiNE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



END 



297 



ENE 



That which is taken by encroaching on another.— 3. In 
laic, if a tenant owes two shillings rent-service to the 
lord, and the lord takes three, it is an encroachment. 

EN-CRUST', v.t. To cover with a crust. 

EN-€UM BER, v. t. [Fr. encombrer. See Incumber.] 1. 
To load ; to clog ; to impede motion with a load, burden, 
or any thtug inconvenient to the limbs ; to render motion 
or operation difficult or laborious. 2. To embarrass ; to 
perplex ; to obstruct. 3. To load with debts. 

EN-€UM''BERED, pp. Loaded ; impeded in motion or ope- 
ration, by a burden or difficulties 3 loaded with debts. 

EN-€UM'BER-ING, ppr. Loading ; clogging ; rendering 
motion or operation difficult ; loading with debts. 

EN-eUM'BRANCE, n. 1. A load ; any thing that impedes 
motion, or renders it difficult and laborious ; clog ; imped- 
iment. 2. Useless addition or load. 3. Load or burden 
on an estate ; a legal claim on an estate, for the discharge 
of which the estate is liable. 

tEN-CY€'LI-eAL, a. [Gr. eyKVK^iKos.] Circular; sent to 
many persons or places ; intended for many, or for a wliole 
order of men. 

EN-CY'CLO-PEDE, n. The round of learning. Manmjng- 
ham. 

EJV-CY-CLG-Pe'DI-A, or EN-CY-CLO-Pe'DY, «. [Gr. 
tv, kvkKos and iratBua.l The circle of sciences ; a general 
system of instruction or knowledge. A collection of the 
principal facts, principles and discoveries, in all branches 
of science and the arts, digested under proper titles, and 
arranged in alphabetical order. 

EN-CY-CLO-Pe'DI-AN, a. Embracmg the whole circle of 
learning. 

EN-CY-CLO-Pe'DIST, n. The compiler of an encyclope- 
dia, or one who assists in such compilation. 

EN-CYST'ED, a. Inclosed in a bag, bladder, or vesicle. 

END, n. [Sax. end, ende, or ande ; G. ende."] 1. The ex- 
treme point of a Ihie, or of any thing that has more length 
than breadth. 2. The extremity or last part, in general ; 
the close or conclusion, applied to time. 3. The conclu- 
sion or cessation of an action. 4. The close or conclusion ; 
as the end of a chapter. 5. Ultimate state or condition ; 
final doom. 6. The point beyond v/hich no progression 
can be made. 7. Final determination ; conclusion of de- 
bate or deliberation. 8. Close of life ; death ; decease. 

9. Cessation ; period ; close of a particular state of things. 

10. Limit; termination. 11. Destruction. 32. Cause of 
death ; a destroyer. 13. Consequence ; issue ; result ; 
conclusive event ; conclusion. 14. A fragment or broken 
piece. Shak. 15. The ultimate point or thing at whifeh 
one aims or directs his views ; purpose intended ; scope ; 
aim ; drift. — 16. Jin end, for on end, upright ; erect ; as, 
his hair stands an end.— 17. The ends of the earth, in 
Scripture, are the remotest parts of the earth. 

END, V. t. 1. To finish ; to close ; to conclude ; to termin- 
ate. 2. To destroy ; to put to death. 

END, V. i. 1. To come to the ultimate point ; to be finished. 
2. To terminate ; to close ; to conclude. 3. To cease ; to 
come to a close. 

t END'-ALL, 71. Final close. Shak. 

EN-DAM' AGE, ii. t. To bring loss or damage to ; to harm ; 
to injure ; to mischief; to prejudice. 

EN-DAM' AGED, pp. Harmed ; injured. 

EN-DAM'A6E-MENT, 7!. Damage; loss; injury. Shak. 

EN-DAM'A-GING,p;>r. Harming; injuring. 

EN-DaN'6ER, v. t. 1. To put in hazard ; to bring into dan- 
ger or peril ; to expose to loss or injury. 2. To incm- the 
hazard of. Bacon. 

EN-DaN'GERED, pp. Exposed to loss or injury. 

EN-DaN'GER-ING,^ ppr. Putting in hazard ; exposing to 
loss or injurv. 

EN-DaN'GER-ING, n. Injury ; damage. Milton. 

EN-DaN'6ER-MENT, 71. Hazard ; danger. Spenser. 

EN-DeAR', v. t. 1. To make dear ; to make more beloved. 
2. To raise the price ; {not in wse.] 

EN-DeAR'ED, (en-deerd') pp. Rendered dear, beloved, or 
more beloved. 

EN-DeAR'ING, -ppr. Making dear or more beloved. 

EN-DeAR'MENT, 71. 1. The cause of love ; that which ex- 
cites or increases affection, particularly, that which excites 
tenderness of affection. 2. The state of being beloved ; 
tender affection. 

EN-DEAV'OR, (en-dev'ur) n. [Norm, devoyer.] An effort ; 
an essay ; an attempt ; an exertion of physical strength, or 
the intellectual powers,towards the attainment of an object. 

EN-DEAV'OR, (en-dev'ur) v. i. 1. To exert physical strength 
or intellectual power, for the accomplishment of an object : 
to try ; to essay ; to attempt. 2. v. t. To attempt to gain ; 
to try to efiect. 

EN-DEAV'ORED, pp. Essayed ; attempted. 

EN-DEAV'OR-ER, n. One who makes an effort or attempt. 

EN-DEAV'OR-TNG, ppr. Making an effiDrt or effiarts ; striv- 
ing; essaying; attempting. 

EN-DEC'A-GON, '^. [Gr. ev, 6£Ka and yoivta.] A plain figure 
of eleyen sides and angles. Bailey. 



EN-DEI€'TI€, a. [Gr. svSeiKvxini, to show.] Showing; ex- 
hibiting. Enfield. 

EN-DEM'IC, \ a. [Gr. n'5;;//to?.] Peculiar to a people or 

EN-DEM'T-CAL, > nation. An e««Zemic disease is one to 

EN-De'MI-AL, ) which the inhabitants of a particular 
country are peculiarly subject. 

EN-DEN'iZE, v. t. To make free ; to naturalize ; to admit 
to the privileges of a denizen. [Little used.'\ 

EN-DEN'I-ZEN, v. t. To naturalize. B. Jonson. 

EN-DICT', EN-DICT'MENT. See Indict, Indictment. 

END'ING, ppr. Terminating ; closing ; concluding. 

END'ING, n. 1. Termination ; conclusion. — 2. In gram- 
mar, the terminating syllable or letter of a word. 

END-iR-ONS, n. plu. Irons on each side of the fire. See 
Andirons. 

EN-DlTE'. Sefi Indite. 

EN'DlVE, n. [Fr. endive.] A species of plant, of the genus 
cichorium or succory ; used as a salad. 

ENDLESS, a. 1. Without end ; having no end or conclu- 
sion ; applied to length, and to duration. 2. Perpetual; 
incessant; continual. 

END'LESS-LY, adv. 1. Without end or termination. 2 
Incessantlv ; perpetually ; continually. 

END'LESS-NESS, n. 1. Extension without end or lunit. 
2. Perpetuity ; endless duration. 

END'LONG, adv. In a line ; with the end forward ; [little 
used.] Dryden. 

EN-DOCTRINE, v. t. To teach ; to indoctrinate. 

EN-DORSE', EN-DORSE'MENT. See Indorse, Indorse- 
ment. 

EN-DOSS', ij. t. [Fr. endosser.] To engrave or carve. Spenser. 

EN-DOW', V. t. [Norm, endouer.] 1. To furnish with a 
portion of goods or estate, caMea dower ; to settle a dower 
bn. 2. To settle on, as a permanent provision ; to furnish 
with a permanent fund of property. 3. To enrich or fur- 
nish with any gift, quality or faculty ; to indue. 

EN-DOW'ED, (eu-dowd') pp. Furnished with a portion of 
estate ; having dower settled on ; supplied with a perma- 
nent fund ; indued. 

EN-DOW'ER, r. t. To endow ; to enrich with a portion. 
Waterhouse. 

EN-DOW'ER, 71. One who enriches with a portion. Sher-^ 
wood. 

EN-DO WING, ppr. Settling a dower on ; furnishing with 
a permanent fund ; induing. 

EN-DOW'MENT, n. 1. The act of settling a dower on a 
woman, or of settling a fund for tlie support of a parson or 
vicar, or of a professor, &c. 2. That which is bestowed 
or settled on ; property, fund or revenue permanently ap- 
propriated to any object. 3. That which is given or be- 
stowed on the 'person or mind by the Creator ; gift of 
nature : any quality or faculty bestovv'ed by the Creator. 

EN-DRU'DgE', (en-druj') v. t To make a dmdge or slave ; 
[iwtused.] Hall. 

EN-DuE', v. t. [Fr. enduire ; L. induo.] To indue. 

EN-DuR'A-BLE, a. That can be borne or suffered. 

EN-DuR'ANCE, 71. 1. Continuance ; a state of lasting or 
duration ; lastingness. 2. A tearing or suffering; a con- 
tinuing under pain or distress without resistance, or with- 
out sinking or yielding to the pressure ; sufferance ; pa- 
tience. 3. Delay; a waiting for f [not used.] 

EN-DuRE', V. i. [Fr. endurer.] 1. To last; to continue in 
the same state without perishing ; to remain ; to abide. 
2. To bear; to brook; to suffer without resistance, or 
without yielding. 

EN-DuRE', V. t. 1. To bear; to sustain ; to support with- 
out breaking or yielding to force or pressure. 2. To bear 
with patience : to bear without opposition or sinking un- 
der the pressure. 3. To undergo ; to sustain. 4. To con- 
tinue in ; [not used.] 

EN-DuR'ED, (en-diird') pp. Borne ; suffered ; sustained. 

EN-DuR'ER, n. 1. One who bears, suffers or sustains. 2 
He or that which continues long. 

EN-DtJR'ING, ppr. 1. Lasting; continuing without perish 
ing ; bearing ; sustaining ; supporting with patience, 01 
without opposition or yieldhig. 2. a. Lasting long ; per- 
manent. 

END'WISE, adv. On the end ; erectly ; in an upright po- 
sition. 2. With the end forward. 

t EN'E-CATE, V. t. [L. eneco.] To kill. Harvey. 

E-Ne'ID, 71. [L. .Mneis,] A heroic poem, written by Virgil. 

EN'E-MY, 7!. [Fr. ennc7ni.] 1. A foe ; an adversary. A 
private enemy is one who hates another and wishes hiin 
injury. A public enemy or foe is one who belongs to a 
nation or party at war "with another. 2. One who hates 
or dislikes. — 3. In theology, and by way of eminerce, 
the enemy is the devil ; the archfiend. — 4. In military af- 
fairs, the opposing army or naval force in war is called 
the enemy. 

EN-ER-GET'I€, ) a. [Gr evepyvriKos.] 1. Operating 

EN-ER-GET'I-€AL, \ with force, vigor and effect ; forci 
ble; powerful; efficacious. 2. Moving; working; ac- 
tive ; operative. 



See Synopsis. IMOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J : S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



ENF 



298 



ENG 



EN-ER-OET'I-GAL-LY, adv. With force and vigor ; with 
energy and effect. 

t EN-ER'6I€, a. Powerful in effect. Collins. 

t EN-ER'6I-€AL, a. Vigorous ; active ; powerful in effect. 

EN'ER-GiZE, V. i. To act with force ; to operate with 
vigor ; to act in producing an effect, 

EN'ER-6iZE, V. t. To give strength or force to ; to give ac- 
tive vigor to. 

EN'ER-OlZED, yp. Invigorated. 

EN'ER-6lZ-ER, n. He or that wliich gives energy ; he or 
that which acts in producing an effect. 

EN'ER-GflZ-ING, ppr. Giving energy, force or vigor ; act- 
ing with force. 

EN'ER-6Y, n. [Gi: ev spy eia.] 1. Internal or inherent pow- 
er ; the power of operating, whether exerted or not. 2. 
Power exerted ; vigorous operation ; force ; vigor. 3. Ef- 
fectual operation ; efficacy ; strength or force producing 
the effect. 4. Strength of expression ; force of utterance ; 
life : spirit ; emphasis. 

EN-ERV'ATE, a. Weakened ; weak ; without strength or 
force. 

* EN'ER-VATE, or £N-ER'VATE, v. t. [L. eiiervo.] 1. 
To deprive of strength ; to weaken ; to render feeble. 2. 
To cut the nerves. 

* EN'ER-VA-TED, pp. Weakened ; enfeebled ; emascu- 
lated. 

* EN'ER-VA-TING, ppr. Depriving of strength, force or 
vigor 3 weakening J enfeebling. 

EN-ER-Va'TION, n. 1. The act of weakening, or reduc- 
ing strength. 2. The state of being weakened ; effemi- 
nacy. 

EN-ERVE', (en-erv') v. t. To weaken ; the same as enervate, 

EN-FAM'ISH, v. t. To famish. See Famish. 

EN-FEE'BLE, v. t. To deprive of strength ; to reduce the 
strength or force of; to weaken ; to debilitate ; to enervate. 

E^7-FEE'BLED, pp. Weakened 3 deprived of strength or 
vigor. 

EN-FEE'BLE-MENT, n. The act of weakening ; enerva- 
tion. Spectator. 

EN-FEE'BLING, ppr. Weakening ; debilitating ; enervat- 
ing. 

EN -FEL'ONED, a. Fierce ; cruel. Spenser. 

* EN -FEOFF', (en-fef) v. t. [Law L. feoffo.] 1. To give one 
a feud ; hence, to invest with a fee ; to give to another 
any corporeal hereditament, in fee simple or fee tail, by 
livery of seizin. 2. To surrt nder or give up ; [notused.'l 

*EN-FEOFF'ED, (en-feff) pp. Invested with tlae fee of 

any corporeal hereditament. 
*EN-FEOFF'ING, ppr. Giving to one the fee simple of any 

corporeal hereditament. 

* EN-FEOFF'MENT, n. 1. The act of giving the fee simple 
of an estate. 2. T)ie instrument or deed by which one is 
invested with the fee of an estate. 

EN-FET'TER, v. t. To fetter ; to bind in fetters. Shak. 

EN-Fe'VER, v. t. To excite fever in. Seward. 

t EN-FIERCE', (en-fers') v. t. To make fierce. Spenser. 

ExV-PI-LaDE', n. [Fr.] A line or straight passage ; or the 
situation of a place vviiich may be seen or scoured with 
shot all_the length of a line, or in the direction of a line. 

EN-FI-LaDE', v. t. To pierce, scour or rake with sliot, in 
the direction of a line, or through the whole length of a 
line. 

EN-FI-LaD'ED, pp. Pierced or raked in a line. 

EN-FI-LaD'ING, ppr. Piercing or sweeping in a line. 

t EN-FiRE', v. t. To inflame ; to set on fire. Spenser. 

EN-FLESH', V. t. To harden ; to establish in any practice. 
Florio. 

EN-FoRCE', V. t. [Fr. enforcir.] 1. To give strength to ; to 
strengthen ; to invigorate. 2. To make or gain by force ; 
to force. 3. To put in act by violence ; to drive. 4. To 
instigate ; to urge on ; to animate. 5. To urge with ener- 
gy ; to give force to ; to impress on the mind. 6. To 
compel ; to constrain ; to force. 7. To put in execution ; 
to cause to take effect. 8. To press with a charge. 9. 
To prove ; to evince. 

t EN-FoRCE', V. i. To attempt by force. 

t EN-FoRCE', n. Force ; strength ; power. Milton. 

EN-FoRCE'A-BLE, n. That may be enforced. 

EN-FoR'CED, (en-forsf) pp. Strengthened; gained by 
force ; driven ; compelled ; urged ; carried into effect. 

EN-FoR'CED-LY, adv. By violence ; not by choice. SliaJs:. 

EN-FoRCE'MENT, n. I. The act of enforcing ; compul- 
sion ; force applied. 2. That which gives force, energy 
or effect; sanction. 3. Motive of conviction ; urgent evi- 
dence. 4. Pressing exigence ; that which urges or con- 
strains. — 5. In a general sense, any thing which compels 
or constrains. 6. A putting in execution. 

EN-FoR'CER, n. One who compels, constrains or urges ; 
one who effects by violence ; one who carries into effect. 

EN-FoR'CING, ppr. Giving force or strength ; compelling; 
urging ; constraining ; putting in execution. 

EN-FORM', V. t. To form ; to fashion. See Form. 

EN-FOUL'DERED, a. [Fr.foudroyer.] Mixed with light- 
ning. Spenser. 



EN-FRAN'CmSE, v. t. 1. To set free ; to liberate from 
slavery. 2. To make free of a city, corporation or state j 
to adinit to the privileges of a freeman. 3. To free or re- 
lease from custody. 4. To naturalize ; to denizen ; to 
receive as denizens. 

EN-FRAN'CmsED, pp. 1. Set free ; released from bond- 
age. 2- Admitted to the rights and privileges of freemen. 

EN-FRAN'CHlSE-MENT, n. 1. Release from slavery or cus- 
tody. 2. The admission of persons to the freedom of a 
corporation or state ; investiture with the privileges of free 
citizens. 

EN-PRAN'CHiS-ER, n. One who enfranchises. 

EN-FRAN'CHiS-ING, ppr. Setting free from slavery or cus- 
tody ; admitting to the privileges office citizens. 

f EN-FRo'WARD, v. t. To make froward or perverse. 

t EN-FRo'ZEN, a. Frozen ; congetded. Spenser. 

EN-GaGE , V. t. [Fr. engager.} 1. To make liable for a 
debt to a creditor; to bind one's self as surety. 2. To 
pawn ; to stake as a pledge. 3. To enlist ; to bring into a 
party. 4. To embark in an affair. 5. To gain ; to win 
and attach ; to draw to. 6. To unite and bind by con- 
tract or promise. 7. To attract and fix. 8. To occupy ; 
to employ assiduously. 9. To attack in contest ; to en- 
counter. 

EN-GaGE', v. i. 1. To encounter ; to begin to fight ; to at- 
tack in conflict. 2. To embark in any business ; to take 
a concern in ; to undertake. 3. To promise or pledge 
one's word ; to bind one's self. 

EN-GaG'ED, (en-gajd') pp. or a. Pledged ; promised ; en- 
listed ; gained and attached ; attracted and fixed ; em- 
barked ; earnestly employed ; zealous. 

EN-GaG'ED-LY, adv. With earnestness ; with attachment. 

EN-Ga6'ED-NESS, n. The state of being seriously and 
earnestly occupied ; zeal ; animation. FliaVs Massillon. 

EN-GaGE'MENT, n. I. The act of pawning, pledging or 
making liable for debt. 2. Obligation by agreement or 
contract. 3. Adherence to a party or cause ; partiahty. 
4. Occupation ; employment of the attention. 5. Em- 
ployment in fighting ; the conflict of aa-mies or fleets ; 
battle ; a general action. 6. Obligation ; motive ; that 
which engages. 

EN-Ga6'ER, 71. One that enters into an engagement or 
agreement. 

EN-GaG'ING, ppr. 1. Pawning; making liable for debt; 
enlisting ; bringing into a party or cause ; promising ; 
binding. 2. a. Winning ; attractive ; tending to draw 
the attention or the affections ; pleasing. 

EN-GaG'ING-LY, adv. In a manner to win the affections, 

t EN-GAL'LANT, v. t. To make a gallant of. B. Jonson. 

t EN-6aOL', (en-jale') v. t. To imprison. Shak. 

t EN-GaR'BOTL, v. t. To disorder. 

EN-GAR'LAND, v. t. To encircle with a garland. 

EN-GAR RI-SON, v.t. To furnish with a garrison ; to de- 
fend or protect by a garrison. Bp. Hall. 

t EN-GAS'TRI-MUTH, n. [Gr. £v, yaarrip and pvBog.] A 
ventriloquist. 

EN-GEN DER, v. t. [Fr. engendrcr.'] I. To beget between 
the different sexes ; to form in embryo. 2. To produce ; 
to cause to exist ; to cause to bring forth. 

EN-6EN'DER, v. i. To be caused or produced. 

EN-6EN'DERED, pp. Begotten ; caused ; produced. 

EN-6EN'DER-ER, n. He or that which engenders. 

EN-GEN'DER-ING, ppr. Begetting ; causing to be ; pro- 
ducing, 

EN-GILD', v. t. To gild ; to brighten. Shak. 

EN'GiNE, n. [Fr. engin.] 1. In mechanics, a compound 
machine, or artificial instrument, composed of different 
parts, and intended to produce some effect by the help of 
the meclianical powers ; as a pump, a windlas, a capstan, 
a fire engine, a steam engine. 2. A military machine ; 
as a battering ram, &:c. 3. Any instrument; that by 
which any effect is produced. 4. A machine for throwing 
water to extinguish fire. 5. Means ; any thing used to 
effect a purpose. 6. An agent for another ; usually in an 
ill sense. 

EN-GI-NEER', n. [Fr. ingenieur.] 1. In the military art, a 
person skilled in mathematics and mechanics, who forma 
plans of works for offense or defense, and marks out the 
ground for fortifications. — Cinil engineers are also em- 
ployed in delineating plans and superintending the con- 
struction of other public works, as aqueducts and canals. 
2. One who manages engines or artillery. 

EN'GiNE-RY, (en'jin-ry) n. 1. The act of managing en- 
gines or artillery. 2. Engines in general ; artillery ; in- 
struments of war. 3. Machination. 

EN-GiRD', v. t. To surround ; to encircle ; to encompass 

EN-GiRD'ED, or EN-GtRT',|?p. Surrounded ; encompassed. 

EN-GtRD'ING, ppr. Encircling ; surrounding, 

EN-GLAD', v. t. To make glad ; to cause to rejoice. 

t EN-GLaIM'ED, (en-glamd') a. Furred ; clammy. 

ENG'LAND. See English. 

EN'GLE, n. A gull ; a put ; a bubble. 

EN'GLISH, (ing'glish) a. [Sax. Englisc, from Engles, 
.Angles, a tribe of Germans who settled in Britain, and 



* See Synopsis. A, K, I, O, tj, Y, long.—Fl^H. FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— PIN, MARWE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. 



ENH 



299 



ENL 



gave it the name of England.] Belonging to England, or 
to its inliabitants. 

EN'GLISH, (ing'glisli) n. 1. The people of England. 2. The 
language of England or of the English nation. 

EN'GLISH, V. t. To translate into the English language. 

EN'GLISHED, pp. Rendered into English. 

EN'GLISH-RY, n. The state of being an Englishman. 

EN-GLUT', v.t. [Fr. engloutir.] 1. To swallow. Shak. 
2, To fill J to glut. Spenser. 

EN-GoRE', V. t. To pierce ; to gore. [See Gore.] Spenser. 

EN-GORGE', (en-gorj') v. t. [Fr. engorger.] To swallow ; 
to devour ; to gorge ; properly, to swallow with greedi- 
ness, or in large quantities. 

EN-GORGE', (en-gorj') v.i. To devour; to feed with eager- 
ness or voracity. Milton. 

EN-GORG'ED, (en-gorjd') pp. Swallowed with greediness, 
or in large draughts. 

EN-GORGE'MENT, (en-gorj 'ment) n. The act of swallow- 
ing greedily ; a devouring with voracity. 

EN-GORG'ING, ppr. Swallowing with voracity. 

EN-GRAFT', v. t. To ingraft, which see. 

EN-GRaIL', v. t. [Fr. engr&ler.'] In heraldry, to variegate ; 
to spot, as with hail ; to indent or make ragged at the 
edges ; to indent in curve lines. 

EN GRaIL'ED, {en-%ra.\W) pp. Variegated ; spotted. 

EN-GRaIN', v. t. To dye in grain, or in the raw material ; 
to dye deep. 

EN-GRaIN'ED, (en-graind') pp. Dyed in the grain. 

EN-GRaIN'ING, ppr. Dyeing in the grain. 

EN-GRAP'PLE, v. t. To grapple ; to seize and hold ; to 
close in and hold fast. 

EN-GRASP', V. t. To seize with a clasping hold ; to hold 
fast by inclosing or embracing ; to gripe. 

EN-GRaVE', v.t.; 'piet. enaraved ; pp. engraved or en- 
graven [Fr. graver.] 1. To cut, as metals, stones or 
other hard substances, with a chisel or graver; to cut 
figures, letters or devices, on stone or metal ; to mark by 
incisions. 2. To picture or represent by incisions. 3. 
To imprint ; to impress deeply ; to infix. 4. To bury ; to 
deposit in the grave ; to inter ; to inhume ; [obs.] 

EN-GRaV'ED, or EN-GRAVEN, pp. Cut or marked, as 
with a chisel or graver ; imprinted ; deeply impressed. 

EN-GRaVE'MENT, n. Engraved work ; act of engraving. 

EN-GRaV'ER, n. One who engraves ; a cutter of letters, 
figures or devices, on stone, metal or wood ; a sculptor ; 
a carver. 

EN-GRaV'ER-Y, n. The work of an engraver. [Little used.] 

EN-GRaV'ING, ppr. Cutting or marking stones or metals, 
with a chisel or graver ; imprinting, 

EN-GRaV'ING, n. The act or art of cutting stones, metals 
and other hard substances, and representing thereon 
figures, letters, characters and devices ; a branch of 
sculpture ; a print. 

EN-GRIeVE', v. t. To grieve ; to pain. See Grieve. 

EN-GRoSS', '/;. t. [Fr. engrossir.] 1. Primarily, to make 
thick or gross ; to thicken ; [not used.] 2. To make 
larger ; to increase in bulk ; [not used.] 3. To seize in 
the gross ; to take the whole. 4. To purchase, with a 
view to sell again, either the whole or large quantities of 
commodities in market, for the purpose of making a profit 
by enhancing the price. 5. To copy in a large hand ; to 
write a fair, correct copy, in large or distinct, legible 
characters. 6. To take or assume in undue quantities or 
degrees. 

EN-GRoSS'ED, (en-grosf) pp. Made thick ; taken in the 
whole ; purchased in large quantities for sale ; written in 
large, _fair characters. 

ENGRoSS'ER, n. He or that which takes the whole ; a 
person who purchases the whole or such quantities of ar- 
ticles in a market as to raise the price. 2. One who 
copies a writing in large, fair characters. 

EN-GRoSS'ING, ppr. 1. Taking the whole ; buying com- 
modities in such quantities as to raise the price in market. 
9. Writing correct copies in large, fair characters. 

EN-GRoSS'MENT, n. 1. The act of engrossing ; the act of 
taking the whole. 2. The appropriation of things in tlie 
gross, or in exorbitant quantities ; exorbitant acquisition. 

EN-GUARD', V. t. To guard ; to defend. Shak. 

EN-GULF', V. t. To throw or to absorb in a gulf. 

EN-GULF'ED, (en-gulff) pp. Absorbed in a whirlpool, or 
in a deep abyss or gulf. 

EN-GULF'MENT, n. An absorption in a gulf, or deep cav- 
ern, or vortex. 

EN-HANCE', (en-hans') v. t. [Norm, enhauncer.] 1. To 
raise; to lift; [obs.] 2. To raise; to advance ; to height- 
en. 3. To increase ; to aggravate. 

ENHANCE', v.-i. To be raised ; to swell ; to grow larger. 

EN-HAN'CED, (en-hansf) pp. Raised ; advanced ; height- 
ened ; increased. 

EN-HANCE'MENT, n. 1. Rise 
2. Increase ; aggravation. 

EN-HAN'CER, n. One who enhances; he or that which 
raises price, &;c. 



increase ; augmentation. 



EN-HAN'CING, ppr. Raising ; increasing ; augmenting ; 
aggravating. ' 

EN-HAR'BOR, v. i. To dwell in or inhabit. Browne. 

EN-HARD'EN, v. t. To harden ; to encourage. Howell. 

EN-HAR-MON'I€, a. In music, an epithet applied to such a 
species of composition, as proceeds on vexy small intervals. 

E-NIG'MA, 71. [L. cenigma.] A dark saying, in which some 
known thing is concealed under obscure language; an 
obscure question ; a riddle. Johnson. Encyc. 

EN-IG-PdAT'ie, I a. 1. Relating to or containing a rid ^ 

EN-IG-MAT'I-€AL, \ die ; obscure ; darkly expressed ; 
ambiguous. 2. Obscurely conceivett or apprehended. 

EN-IG-MAT'I-€AL-LY, adv. In an obscure manner. 

E-NIG'MA-TIST, n. A maker or dealer in enigmas and 
riddles. Addison. 

E-NIG'MA-TiZE, v.i. To utter or form enigmas ; to deal 
in riddles. 

E-NIG-MA-TOG'RA-PHY, ) n. [Gr. aiviyixa and y^afw, 

E-NIG-MA-TOL'O-GY, \ or Xoyoi.] The art of making 
and solving riddles. 

EN-JOIN', V. t. [Fr. enjoindre.] 1. To order or direct with 
urgency ; to admonish or instruct with authority ; to com- 
mand. Says Johnson, " This word is more authoritative 
than direct, and less imperious than command." — 2. In 
laio, to forbid judicially ; to issue or direct a legal injunc- 
tion to stop proceedings. 

EN-JOIN'ED, (en-joind') pp. Ordered ; directed ; admon- 
ished with authority ; commanded. 

EN-JOIN'ER, n. One who enjoins. 

EN-JOIN'ING, ppr. Ordering ; directing. Brown. 

EN-JOIN'MENT, n. Direction ; command ; authoritative 
admonition. 

EN-JOY', V. t. [Fr. jouir.] 1. To feel or perceive with 
pleasure ; to take pleasure or satisfaction in the possession 
or experience of. 2. To possess with satisfaction ; to take 
pleasure or delight in the possession of. 3. To have, pos- 
sess and use with satisfaction ; to have, hold or occupy, 
as a good or profitable thing, or as something desirable. 

EN-JOY', r. t. To live in happiness. [Unusual.] Milton. 

EN-JOY'A-BLE, a. Capable of being enjoyed. Pope. 

EN-JOY'ED, (en-joyd') pp. Perceived with pleasure or sat- 
isfaction ; possessed or used with pleasure; occupied with 
content. 

EN-JOY'ER, n. One who enjoys, 

EN-JOY'ING, p;7r. Feeling with pleasure ; possessing with 
satisfaction. 

EN-JOY'MENT, n. 1. Pleasure ; satisfaction ; agreeable 
sensations ; fruition, 2. Possession with satisfaction ; 
occupancy of any thing good or desirable. 

EN-KIN'DLE, v. t. 1, To kindle ; to set on fire ; to inflame. 
2. To excite , to rouse into action ; to inflame, 

EN-KIN'DLED, pp. Set on fire ; inflamed ; roused into ac- 
tion ; excited, 

EN-KIN'DLING, ppr. Setting on fire ; inflaming ; rousing ; 
exciting, 

EN-LARD', V. t. To cover with lard or grease ; to baste. 

EN-LAR6E', (en-larj') v. t. 1. To make greater in quantity 
or dimensions ; to extend in limits, breadth or size ; to 
expand in bulk. 2. To dilate ; to expand ; as with joy or 
love, 3. To expand ; to make more comprehensive. 4. 
To increase in appearance ; to magnify to the eye. 5. 
To set at liberty ; to release from confinement or pressure. 
6. To extend in a discourse ; to diffuse in eloquence, 7. 
To augment ; to increase ; to make large or larger. 

EN-LaR6E', (en-larj') v. i. 1. To grow large or larger ; to 
extend ; to dilate ; to expand. 2, To be diffuse in speak- 
ing or writing ; to expatiate. 3, To exaggerate. 

EN-LARG'ED, (en-larjd') 7>p, Increased in bulk; extended 
in dimensions ; expanded ; dilated ; augmented ; released 
from confinement or straits, 

EN-LARG'ED-LY, adv. With enlargement. Mountagu. 

EN-LARGE'MENT, n. 1. Increase of sizt or bulk, real or 
apparent ; extension of dimensions or limits ; augmenta- 
tion ; dilatation; expansion. 2, Expansion or extension, 
applied to the mind, to knoioledge, or to the intellectual 
powers, by tohich the mind comprehends a wider range of 
ideas or thought. 3. Expansion of the heart, by which it 
becomes more benevolent and charitable. 4. Release from 
confinement, servitude, distress or straits. Esther, iv. 5 
Difiusiveness of speech or writing ; an expatiating on a 
particular subject ; a wide range of discourse or argument, 

EN-LAR6'ER, n. He or that which enlarges, increases, 
extends or expands ; an amplifier. 

EN-LARG'ING, ppr. Increasing in bulk ; extending in di- 
mensions ; expanding ; making free or liberal ; speaking 
diffusively, 

EN-LARG'ING, n. Enlargement, 

EN-LiGHT', (en-lite') v.t. To illumiuate; to enlighten. 
[Rarely used.] Pope. 

EN-LTGHT'EN, (en-ll'tn) V. i. [S3.X. enlihtan.] 1, To make 
light ; to shed light on ; to supply with light ; to illumin- 
ate. 2. To quicken in the faculty of vision ; to enable to 
see more clearly. 3. To give light to ; to give clearer 
views ; to illuminate ; to instruct ; to enable to see <>r 



See Synopsis. MOV E, BOOK , D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE,— € as K ; G as J : S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in f Ais. t Obsolete. 



ENO 



300 



ENS 



comprehend troth. 4. To illuminate with divine knowl- 
edge, or a knowledge of the truth. 

EN-LIGHT'ENED, jjp. Rendered light ; illuminated ; in- 
structed ; informed ; furnished with clear views. 

EN-LIGHT'EN-ER, n. One who illuminates ; he or that 
which communicates light to the eye, or clear views to 
the mind. 

EN-LIGHT'EN-ING, ppr. Illuminating ; giving light to ; 
instructing. 

EN-LINK', V. t. To chain to ; to connect. Shak. 

EN-LIST', V. t. 1. To enroll ; to register ; to enter a name 
on a list. 2. To engage in public service, by entering the 
name in a register. 

EN-LIST', V. i. To engage in pubHc service, by subscribing 
articles, or enrolling one's name. 

EN-LIST'MENT, n. The act of enlistmg ; the writing by 
which a soldier is bound. 

t EN-LIVE', V. t. [from life, live.] To animate ; to make 
alive. Bp. Hall. 

EN-Li'VEN, (en-li'vn) v. t. 1. To give action or motion 
to ; to make vigorous or active ; to excite. 2. To give 
spirit or vivacity to ; to animate ; to make sprightly. 3. 
To make cheerful, gay or joyous. 

EN-Ll'VENED, pp. Made more active ; excited ; animated ; 
made cheerful or gay. 

EN-Li'VEN-ER, n. He or that which enlivens or animates ; 
he or that which invigorates. 

EX-Li'VEN-ING, ppr. Giving life, spirit or animation ; in- 
spiriting ; invigorating ; making vivacious, sprightly or 
cheerful . 

EN-LuMlNE, V. t. To illumine ; to enlighten. 

EN-M:4R'BLE, v. t. To make hard as marble ; to harden. 

EN-MEc^H', V. t. To net ; to entangle ; to entrap. Shak. 

EN-MEW'. SeeEMMEw. 

EN'MI-TY, n. [Fr. inimitle.] 1. The quality of being an 
enemy ; the oppoPite of friendship ,■ ill will ; hatred ; un- 
friendly dispositions ; malevolence. It expresses more 
than aversion, and less than malice, and differs from dis- 
pleasure in denoting a fixed or rooted hatred, whereas 
displeasure is more transient. 2. A state of opposition. 

t EN-MOVE'. See Emmo ve. 

EN-NE-A-€ON-TA-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. twevr^Kovra and 
eopa.] Having ninety faces. Cleaveland, 

£N'NE-A-GON, n. [Gr. evvea and yuivia.] In geometry, a 
polygon or figure with nine sides or nine angles. 

EN-NE-AN'DER, n. [Gr. evvea and avnp.] In botany, a 
plant ha-sing nine stamens. 

EN-NE-AN'DRI-AN, a. Ha\ing nine stamens. 

EN-NE-A-PET'A-LOUS, a. [Gr. evvta and i:£Ta\ov.] Hav- 
ing nine petals or flower-leaves. 

EN-NE-ATI-€xAL, a. [Gr. evvea.] Enneatical days are 
every ninth day of a disease. — Enneatical years are every 
ninth j'ear of a man's life. 

t EN-NEW', V. t. To make new. Skelton. 

EN-NO'BLE, v.t. [Fr. eitnoblir.] 1. To make noble ; to 
raise to nobility. 2. To dignify ; to exalt ; to aggrandize ; 
to elevate in degree, qualities or excellence. 3. To make 
famous or illustrious. Bacon. 

EN-No'BLED, pp. Raised to the rank of nobility j dignifi- 
ed ; exalted in rank, excellence or value. 

EN-No'BLE-MENT, n. ]. The act of advancing to nobil- 
ity. _2. Exaltation ; elevation in degree or excellence. 

EN-No'BLING, ppr. Advancing to the rank of a nobleman ; 
exalting : dignifying. 

ENNUI, (an-wee') n. [Fr.] Weariness ; heaviness ; lassi- 
tude of fastidiousness. 

EN-O-Da'TION, ?i. [L.enodatio.] 1. The act of clearing of 
knots, or of untying. 2. Solution of a difficulty ; [I. u.] 

E-iSoDE', a. [lu. enodis.] In feo'a?!?/, destitute of Inots or 
joints ; knotless. 

E-NOM O-TAR -;H, n. The commander of an enomoty. 

E-NOM'0-TY, n. [Gr. evoopoTia.] In Lacedcemon, anciently, 
a bodv of soldiers, supposed to be thirty-two. Mitford. 

tE-XORM See Enormous. 

E-NOR'MI-TY, ?i. [L. enormitas.'j 1, Any v/rong, irregu- 
lar, vicious or sinful act, either in government or morals, 
2. Atrocious crime ; flagitious villany. 3. Atrociousness ; 
excessive degree of crime or guilt. 

E-NOR'MOUS, a. [L. enormis.] 1. Going beyond the usual 
measure or rule. 2. Excursive ; beyond the limits of a 
regular figure. 3. Great beyond the common measure ; 
excessive. 4. Exceeding, in bulk or height, the common 
measure. 5. Irregular ; confused ; disordered ; unusual. 

E-NOR'MOUS-LY, ado. Excessively ; beyond measure. 

E-XOR'MOUS-NESS, v. The state of being enormous or 
excessive ; greatness beyond measure. 

E-NOUGH', (e-nuf) a. [Sax. geno^, genoh.] That satisfies 
desire, or gives content ; that may answer the purpose ; 
that is adequate to the wants. 

E-NOUGH', (e-nuf) v. 1. A sufliciency ; a quantity of a 
thing which satisfies desire, or is adequate to the wants. 
2. That which is equal to the powers or abilities. 

EJ-NOUGH', (e-nuf) adv. 1. Sufiiciently ; in a quantity or 



degree that satisfies, or is equal to the desires or wants. 
2. FuUy ; quite ; denoting a slight augmentation of the 
positive degree. 3. Sometimes it denotes diminution, 
delicately expressing rather less than is desired ; such q 
quantity or degree as commands acquiescence, rather 
than full satisfaction. 4. An exclamation denoting suffi- 
ciency. 

E-NOUNCE', (e-nouns') v. t. [Fr. enamer.] To utter ; to 
pronounce ; to declare. [Little used.'] 

E-NOUN'CED, (e-nounsf) p;?. Uttered; pronounced. 

ENOUN'CIN^G, ;?pr. Uttering; pronouncing. 

E-NOW', the old plural of enough, is nearly obsolete. 

EN PAS-SANT'. (an-pas-sa') [Fr.] In passing ; by the 
way. 

EN-PIERCE'. See Empieece. 

t EN-QUI€K'EN, v. t. To quicken ; to make alive 

EN-QUIRE', usually written inquire, which see, and its de- 
rivatives. 

t EN-RaCE', v. t. To impiant. Spenser. 

EN-RaGE', v. t. [Fr. enrager.] To excite rage in ; to ex- 
asperate ; to provoke to ftify or madness ; to make furious. 

EN-Ra'G-ED, (en-rajd') pp. Made furious ; exasperated ; 
provoked to madness. 

EN-Ra'6ING, ppr. Exasperating ; provoking to madness, 

t EN-RaN^GE', v. t. To put in order ; to rove over. Spenser. 

iSX^-RANK', V. t. To place in ranks or order. Shak. 

EN-RAPT'URE, v. t. To transport with pleasure ; to de- 
light beyond measure. — Enrapt, in a like sense, is little 
used. 

EN-RAPT'URED,p;>. Transported with pleasure. 

EN-RAPT'UR-ING, ppr. Transportmg with pleasure. 

EN'-RAV'ISH, V. t. To throw mto ecstasy ; to transport 
with delieht ; to enrapture. Spenser. 

EN-RAVISHED, Pi?. Transported with delight. 

EN-RAV'iSH-ING, ppr. Throwing into ecstasy. 

EN-RAV'ISH-MENT, ?i. Ecstasy of dehght ; rapture. 

EN-REG'IS-TER, v. t. [Fr. enregistrer.] To register; to 
enroll or record. Spenser. 

EN-RHEuM', v. i. [Fr. enrhumer.] To have rheum through 
cold. 

EN-RICH', V. t. [Fr. cnrichir.] 1. To make rich, wealthy 
or opulent ; to supply with abimdant property. 2. To 
fertilize ; to supply with the nutrii^ent of plants, and ren- 
der productive. 3. To store ; to supply with an abun- 
dance of any thing desirable. 4. To supply with any 
thing splendid or ornamental. 

EN-RICH'ED, {en-ucW)pp. Made rich or wealthy ; fertil- 
ized ; supphed with that which is desirable, useful or or- 
namental. 

EN-RICH'ER, 71. One that enriches. 

EN-RICH'ING, ppr. Making opulent ; fertiUzing ; supply- 
ing with what is splendid, useful or ornamental. 

EN-RICH'MENT, n. Augmentation of v/ealth ; amplifi 
cation ; improvement ; the addition of fertility or orna- 
ment. 

EN-RIDGE', (en-rij') v. t. To form into ridges. Shak. 

EN-RING', V. t. To enchcle ; to bind. Shak. 

EN-Ri'PEN, (en-rl'pn) v. t. To ripen ; to bring to perfec- 
tion^ 

EN-RiVE', V. t. To rive ; to cleave. Spenser. 

EN-RcBE', V. t. To clothe with rich attire ; to invest. 

EX'-RoB'ED, (en-r6bd')pp. Attired; invested. 

EN-RoB'IX"G, ppr. Investing ; attiring. 

EN^-RoLL', V. t. [Fr. enrdler.] 1. To write in a roll or 
register ; to insert a name or enter in a list or catalogue. 

2. To record ; to insert in records ; to leave in writing. 

3. To wrap ; to mvolve ; [not used.] 
EN-RoLL'ED, (en-rold') pp. Inserted in a roll or register j 

recorded. 
EN-RoLL'ER, n. He that enrolls or registers. 
EN^-RoLL'ING, ppr. Inserting in a register ; recording. 
EN-RoLL'MEN^T, n. I. A register ; a record ; a writing in 

which any thing is recorded. 2. The act of enrolling. 
EN-ROOT', V. t. To fix bv the root ; to fix fast. 
EN-ROOT'ED, pp. Fixed by the root; planted or fixed 

deep*. ' 
EN-ROOT'ING, ppr. Fixing by the root ; planting deep. 
t EN-ROUND', V. t. To environ ; to surround ; to inclose. 
ENS, 72. [L. ens.] Entity ; being ; existence.— Among the 

old chemists, the power, virtue or eflicacy, which cert'dn 

substances exert on our bodies. [Little used.l 
t EN-SaFE', v. t. To render safe. JV. Bell. ' 
EN-SAM'PLE, n. [L. exemplum.] An example ; a pattern 

or model for imitation. [Rarely used.] 
EN-SAM'PLE, V. t. To exemplify; to show by example 

[Seldom used.] 
EN-SAN'GUiNE, v. t. [L. sanguis.] To stain or cover with 

blood ; to smear with gore. 
EN-SAN'GUiNED,i?p. Sufliised or stamed with blood. 
EN'SATE, a. -' " 

EN-S€HED'l 

ULE. Shah. 
EN-SCONCE', (en-skons') v. t. To cover or shelter, as with 

a sconce or fort ; to protect ; to secure. 



a. [L. ensis^ Having sword-shaped leaves. 
'ULE, V. t. To insert in a schedule. See Sched- 



* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, long.— TAR, FALL, WHAT :— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



ENT 



301 



ENT 



EN-S€0]N CED, (en-skonsf) pp. Covered or sheltered, as 
by a scoiMie or fort ; protected ; secured. 

EN-SeON'CING, ppr. Covering or sheltering, as by a f jrt. 

EN-SeAL', v. t. To seal 5 to fix a seal on ; to impress. 

EN-SeAL'ED, (en-seeld') pp. Impressed with a seal. 

EN-Se AL'ING, ppr. Sealing ; affixing a seal to. 

EN-SeAL'ING, n. The act of affixing a seal to. 

EN-SeAM', v. t. To sew up ; to inclose by a seam. 

EN-SeAM'ED, a. Greasy. Shak. 

EN-SeAR', v. t. To sear ; to cauterize ; to close or stop by 
burning to hardness. Shak. 

t EN-SEARCH', (en-serch') v. i. To search for ; to try to find. 

EN-SEM^BLE, n. [Fr.] One with another 5 on an average. 

EN-SHIeLD', v. t. To shield ; to cover ; to protect. 

EN-SHRiNE', V. t. To inclose in a shrine or chest j to de- 
posit for safe-keeping in a cabinet. 

EN-SHRlN'ED, (eu-shrind') pp. 1. Inclosed or preserved 
in a shrine or chest. 2. Inclosed ; placed as in a shrine, 

EN-SHRlN'ING, ppr. Inclosing in a shrine or cabinet. 

EN-SIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. ensis and /ero.] Bearing or carry- 
ing a sword. 

EN'SI-FORM, a. [L. ensiformis.'\ Having the shape of a 
sword. 

EN'STGN, (en'slne) n. [Fr. enseigne.] 1. The flag or ban- 
ner of a military band ; a banner of colors ; a standard. 
2. Anv signal to assemble or to give notice. 3. A badge ; 
a mark of distinction, rank or office. 4. The officer who 
carries the flag or colors, being the lowest commissioned 
officer in a company of infantry. — 5. JVaval ensign is a 
large banner hoisted on a staff, a«ad carried over the poop 
or stern of a ship. 

EN'SiGN-BEaR-ER, n. He that carries the flag ; an en- 
sign. 

EN'SiGN-CY, n* The rank, offiice or commission of an en- 
sign. 

t EN-SKi'ED, (en-skide') a. Placed in heaven 5 made im- 
mortaj. 

EN-SLaVE', v. t. 1. To reduce to slavery or bondage ; to 
deprive of liberty, and subject to the will of a master. 2. 
To reduce to servitude or subjection. 

EN-SLaV'ED, (en-slavd') pp. Reduced to slavery or sub- 
jection. 

EN-SLaVE'MENT, 71. The state of being enslaved ; slave- 
ry ; bondage ; servitude. South. 

EN-SLaV'ER, 71. He who reduces another to bondage. 

EN-SLaV'ING, lypr. Reducing to bondage. 

EN-SNaRE'. Sec Insnare. 

EN-SNARL', V. t. To entangle. Spenser. 

EN-SNARL', V. u To snarl, to gnash the teeth. Cockcram. 

EN-So'BER, V. t. To make sober. Taylor. 

EN-SPHeRE', v. t. 1. To place in a sphere. 2. To make 
into a sphere. 

EN-STAMP', V. t. To impress as with a stamp ; to impress 
deeply. 

EN-STAMP'ED, (en-stampf) pp. Impressed deeply. 

EN-STAMP'ING,ypr. Impressing deeply. 

EN-STYLE', V. t. To style ; to name 5 to call. [Littleused.] 

EN-SuE', V. t. [Fr. eiisuivre.j To follow 5 to pursue. [JVear- 
ly obs.] 

EN-SuE', V. i. 1. To follow as a consequence of premises. 
2. To follow in a train of events or course of time ; to 
succeed ; to come after. 

EN-Su'ING, ppr. Following as a consequence ; succeeding. 

EN-SuRE', and its derivatives. See Insuke. 

EN-SWEEP', V. t. To sweep over ; to pass over rapidly. 

EN-TAB'LA-TURE, I n. [Sp. cntablamento ; Fr. cntable- 

EN-Ta'BLE-MENT, \ ment.] In architecture, that part 
of the order of a column, which is over the capital, includ- 
ing the architrave, frieze and cornice. 

t EN-TA€'KLE, v. t. To supply with tackle. Skelton. 

EN-TaIL', 71. [Fr. entailler.] 1. An estate or fee entail- 
ed, or limited in descent to a particular heir or heirs. 2. 
Rule of descent settled for an estate. 3. Engraver's 
work ; inlay ; [obs.] 

EN-TaIL', v. i. 1. To settle the descent of lands and tene- 
ments, by gift to a man and to certain heirs specified, so 
that neither the donee nor any subsequent possessor can 
alienate or bequeath it. 2. To fix unalienably on a per- 
son or thing, or on a person and his descendants. 3. To 
cut ; to carve for ornament ; [obs.] 

EN-TaIL'ED, (en-tald') pp. 1. Settled on a man and cer- 
tain heirs specified. 2. Settled on a person and his de- 
scendants. 

EN-TaIL'ING, ppr. Settling the descent of an estate ; giv- 
ing, as /ands and tenements, and prescribing the mode of 
descent. 

EN-T aIL'MENT, n. 1. The act of giving, as an estate, and 
directing the mode of descent. 2. The act of settling un- 
alienably on a man and his heirs. 

EN-TaME', v. t. To tame ; to subdue. Gower. 

EN-TAN'GLE, v. t. 1. To twist or interweave in such a 
manner as not to be easily separated ; to make confused 
or disordered. 2. To involve in any thing complicated, 
and from which it is difficult to extricate one's self. 3. 



To lose in numerous or complicated involutions. 4. To 
involve in difficulties j to perplex ; to embarrass. 5. To 
puzzle; to bewilder. 6, To insnare by captious ques- 
tions ; to catch ; to perplex. 7. To perplex or distract, as 
with cares. 8. To multiply intricacies and difficulties. 

£N-TAN'GLED, pp. or a. Twisted together ; interwoven 
in a confused manner ; intricate ; perplexed ; involved ; 
embarrassed ; insnared. 

EN-TAN'GLE-MENT, 72. Involution; a confused or disor 
dered state ; intricacy ; perplexity. Locke. 

EN-TAN'GLER, 71. One who entangles. 

EN-TAN'GLING, ppr. Involving ; interweaving or inter- 
lockmg in confusion ; perplexing ; insnaring. 

EI\-TEN'DER, v. t. To treat with tenderness. 

EN'TER, V. t. [Fr. entrer.] I. To move or pass into a 
place, in any manner whatever, to come or go in; to 
walk or ride in ; to flow in ; to pierce or penetrate. 2. 
To advance into, in the progress of life. 3. To begin iu 
a business, employment or service; to enlist or engage 
in. 4. To become a member of. 5. To admit or intro- 
duce. 6. To set down in writing ; to set an account in a 
book or register. 7. To set down, as a name ; to enroll. 
8. To lodge a manifest of goods at the custom-house, and 
gain admittance or permission to land. 

EN'TER, V. L 1. To go or come in ; to pass into. 2. To 
flow in. 3. To pierce ; to penetrate. 4. To penetrate 
mentally. 5. To engage in. 6. To be initiated in. 7 
To be an ingredient ; to form a constituent part. 

t EN'TER-DEAL, n. Mutual dealings. Spensm: 

EN'TERED, j)p. Moved in ; come in ; pierced ; penetrat- 
ed ; admitted ; introduced ; set down in writing. 

EN'TER-ER, n. One who is making a beginning. Seward 

EN'TER-iNG, ppr. Coming or going in ; flowing in ; pierc- 
ing ; penetrating ; setting down in wrftii^g ; enlisting ; en- 
gaging. 

EN'TER-ING, n. Entrance ; a passing in. 

EN'TER-LACE. See Interlace. 

EN-TER'0-CeLE, n. [Gr. evrepov and kjjXj?. J In. surgery, 
intestinal hernia; a rupture of the uitestines. 

EN-TER-0L'0-6Y, 71. [Gr. evrepov and Xoyos.] A trea- 
tise or discourse on the bowels' or internal parts of the 
body, usually including the contents of the head, breast 
and belly. 

EN-TER-OM'PHA-LOS, n. [Gr. tvregov and 0/^90X05.] Na- 
vel rupture ; umbilical rupture. 

EN-TER-PaR 'LANCE, v. [Fr. entre and parlcr.] Parley , 
mutual talk or conversation ; conference. 

EN'TER-PLeAD. Sec Interplead. 

EN'TER-PRiSE, n. [Fr.] That which is undertaken, or 
attempted to be performed ; an attempt ; a project at- 
tempted ; particularly, a bold, arduous or hazardous un- 
dertaking, either physical or moral. 

EN TER-PRiSE, v. t. To undertake ; to begin and attempt 
to perform._ Dryden. 

EN'TER-PRlSED, pp. Undertaken; attempted. 

EN'TER-PRiS-ER, 7!. An adventurer; one who under- 
takes any projected scheme, especially a bold or hazard- 
ous one. 

EN'TER-PRlS-ING, ppr. 1. Undertaking, especially a bold 
design. 2. a. Bold or forward to undertake ; resolute, ac- 
tive or prompt to attempt great or untried schemes. 

EN-TER-TaIN', v. t. [Fr. cntretenir.] I. To receive into 
the house, and treat with hospitality, either at the table 
only, or with lodging also. 2. To treat with conversa- 
tion ; to amuse or instruct by discourse ; properly, to en- 
gage the attention and retain the company of one, by 
agreeable conversation, discourse or argument. 3. To 
keep in one's service; to maintain. 4. To keep, hold or 
maintain in the mind with favor ; to reserve in the mind ; 
to harbor ; to cherish. 5. To maintain ; to support ; as, to 
entertain a hospital ; [obs.] 6. To please ; to amuse ; to 
divert. 7. To treat; to supply with provisions and li- 
quors, or with provisions and lodging, for reward. 

t EN-TER-TaIN', n. Entertainment. Svenser. 

EN-TER-TaIN'ED, (en-ter-tand') vp. Received with hos- 
pitality ; amused ; pleased and engaged ; kept in the 
mind. 

EN-TER-TaIN'ER, n. 1. He who entertains ; he who re- 
ceives company with hospitality, or for reward. 2. He 
who retains others in his sei-vice. 3. He that amuse* 
pleases or diverts. 

EN-TER-TaIN'ING, ppr. 1. Receiving with hospitality , 
receiving and treating with provisions and accommoda- 
tions, for reward ; keeping or cherishing with favor ; en- 
gaging the attention; amusing. 2. a. Pleasing; amus- 
ing; diverting. 

EN-TER-TaIN'ING-LY, adv. In an amusing manner, 

EN-TER-TaIN'MENT, 71. 1. Thereceivmg and accommo- 
dating of guests, either with or without rewara 2. Pro- 
visions of the table ; hence also, a feast ; a superb dinner 
or supper. 3. The amusement, pleasure or instruction, 
derived from conversation, discourse, argument, oiatory, 
music, dramatic performances, &C.5 the pleasure wnich 



See Synopsis. l^ICiVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BJiLL, UNITE -€ as K ; as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



ENT 



302 



ENT 



the mind receives from any thing interesting, and which 
Jiolds or arrests the attention. 4. Reception j admission. 
5. The state of being in pay or service ; [obs.~\ 6. Pay- 
ment of those retained in service ; [obs.] 7. That v/hich 
entertains ; that wliich serves for amusement ; the lower 
comedy; farce. 

EN TER-TiS'SUED, a. Interwoven; having various col- 
ors intermixed. Shak. 

ElNf-THE-AS'Tie, a. [Gr. ev and deos.] Having the energy 
of God. 

E]N-THE-AS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. According to deific en- 
ergy. 

tEN'THEAT, a. [Gi.evdeo;.] Enthusiastic. 

EN-THRALL', v. t. To enslave. See Iisthrall. 

EN-THRiLL', v. t. To pierce. See Thrill. 

EN-THRoNE', v. t. 1. To place on a throne ; to exalt to 
the seat of royalty. 2, To exalt to an elevated place or 
seat. 3. To invest with sovereign authority. 

EN-THRoN'ED, (en-thrond') pp. Seated on a throne ; ex- 
alted to an elevated place. 

EN-THRoN'ING, ppr. Seatirg on a throne ; raising to an 

EN-THUN'DER, v. i. To make a loud noise, like thunder. 

EN-THtr'SI-ASM, (en-thu'ze-azm) n. [Gr. evOovaiaaixos.] 
1. A belief or conceit of private revelation ; the vain con- 
fidence or opinion of a person, that he has special divine 
communications from the Supreme Being, or familiar in- 
tercourse with hiro 2. Heat of imagination ; violent 
passion or excitement of the mind, in pursuit of some ob- 
ject, inspiring extravagant hope and confidence of suc- 

EN-THU'SI-AST, (en-thu'ze-ast) n. [Gr. eveovmaareg.] 1. 
One who imagines he has special or supernatural con- 
verse with God, or special communications from him. 2. 

■ One whose imagination is warmed ; one whose mind is 
highly excited with the love, or in the pursuit of an object ; 
a person of ardent zeal. 3. One of elevated fancy or exalt- 
ed ideas. Dryden. 

tEN-THU-SI-AS'TI€, n. An enthusiast. Sir T. Herbert. 

EN-THU-SI-AS'Tie, ) a. 1. Filled with enthusiasm, 

EN-THU-SI-AS'TI-€AL, \ or the conceit of special inter- 
course with God or revelations from him. 2. Highly ex- 
cited ; warm and ardent ; zealous m pursuit of an ob- 
ject ; heated to animation. 3. Elevated ; warm ; tinc- 
tured with enthusiasm. 

EN-THU-SI-AS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. With enthusiasm. 

EN-THY-MF.-MAT'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to an enthy memo; 
including an enthymeme, 

EN'THY-MEMB, n. [Gr. tvOvjiriixa.'] In rhetoric, an argu- 
ment consisting of only two propositions, an antecedent 
and a consequent deduced from it. 

EN-TlCE', V. t. [Sp. atizar ; Fr. attiser.] 1. To incite or 
instigate, by exciting hope or desire ; to seduce ; to lead 
astray ; to induce to sin. 2. To tempt ; to incite ; to 
urge or lead astray. 3. To incite ; to allure ; in a good 
sense. Enfield. 

EN-TI'CED, (en-tlsf) pp. Incited ; instigated to evil ; se- 
duced by promises or persuasions ; persuaded ; allured. 

EN-TlCE'MENT, n. 1. The actor practice of inciting to 
evil ; instigation. 2. Means of inciting to evil ; that 
which seduces by exciting the passions. 3. Allurement. 

EN-Tl'CER, n. One who entices ; one who incites or in- 
stigates to evil ; one who seduces. 

EN-TI'CING, ppr. 1. Inciting to evil ; urging to sin by 
motives, flattery or persuasion ; alluring. 2. a. Having 
the qualities that entice or allure. 

EN-Tl'CING-LY, arfw. Charmingly; in a winning manner. 

t EN-TlER'TY, n. [Old Fr. entiertie.] The whole. Bacon. 

EN-TiRE', a. [Fr. entier ; Sp. cntero ; Port, inteiro ; It. in- 
tero.] 1. Whole ; undivided ; unbroken ; complete in its 
parts. 2. Whole ; complete ; not participated with others, 

3. Full ; complete ; comprising all requisites in itself. 4. 
Sincere ; hearty. 5. Firm ; solid ; sure ; fixed ; com- 
plete ; undisputed. 6. Unmingled ; unalloyed, 7. 
Wholly devoted ; firmly adherent ; faithful. 8. In full 
strength ; unbroken. — 9. In botany, an entire stem is one 
without branches. 

EN-TlRE'LY, adv. 1. Wholly ; completely ; fully. 2. In 
the whole ; without division. 3. With firm adherence 
or devotion ; faithfully. 

EN-TIRE'NESS, n. 1. Completeness ; fulness ; totality ; 
unbroken form or state. 2. Integrity ; wholeness of 
heart ; honesty. 

EN-TIRE'TY, n. 1. Wholeness; completeness. Black- 
stone. 2. The whole. Bacon. 

EN'TI-TA-TIVE, a. Considered by itself. [This word, 
and entitatively, rarely or never used.] 

EN-Tl'TLE, V. t. [Fr. intituler.] 1. To give a title to ; to 
give or prefix a name or appellation. 2. To superscribe or 
prefix as a title. Hence, as titles are evidences of claim 
or property, to give a claim to ; to give a right to demand 
or receive. 3. To assign or appropriate by givinga title. 

4. To qualify ; to give a clahn by the possession of suita- 



ble qualifications. 5. To dignify by a title or honorable 
appellation. 6. To ascribe ; [obs.] 

EN-Ti'TLED, pp. Dignified or distinguished by a title j 
having a claim. 

EN-Ti'TLING, ppr. Dignifying or distinguishing by a ti- 
tle ; giving a title ; giving a claim. 

EN'TI-TY, n. [Low L. ejititas.] 1. Being ; existence. 2 
A real being, or species of being. 

EN-TOIL', V. t. To take with toils ; to insnare. 

EN-T5MB', (en-toom') v. t. 1. To deposit in a tomb, as a 
dead body. 2. To bury in a grave ; to inter. 

EN-TOMB'ED, (en-toomd') pp. Deposited in a tomb ; bur- 
ied. 

EN-TOMB'ING, ppr. Depositing in a tomb ; burying. 

EN-TOMB'MENT, n. Burial. Barrow. 

EN'TO-MO-LITE, n. [Gr. evropa and 'kiOog.] A fossil 
substance bearing the figure of an insect, or a petrified in- 
sect. 

EN-TO-MO-L06'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to the science of in- 

EN-t6-M0L'0-6IST, n. One versed in the science of in- 
sects. 

EN-T0-M0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. evroixa and Xoyog.] That part 
of zoology which treats of insects ; the science or history 
and description of insects. 

EN-TOR-TI-La'TION, n. [Fr. entortillement.] A turning 
into a circle. Donne. ' 

EN'TRAIL, or EN'TRAILS, n. [Fr. entrailles.] 1. The 
internal parts of animal bodies ; particularly, the guts or 
intestines ; the bowels ; Used chiefly in the plural. 2. The 
internal parts. 

f EN-TRAIL', V. t. [It. ijitraldare.] To interweave ; to di- 
versify. 

EN-TRAM'MEL, v. t. To catch ; to entangle ; to trammel. 
Hacket. 

t EN-TRAM'MELED, a. Curled; frizzled. 

EN'TRANCE, n. [L. intrans.] 1. The act of entering 
into a place. 2. The power of entering. 3. The door, 
gate, passage or avenue, by which a place may be enter- 
ed. 4. Commencement; initiation; beginning. 5. The 
act of taking possession, as of land. 6. The act of taking 
possession, as of an office. 7. The act of entering a ship 
or goods at the custom-house. 8. The beginning of any 
thing, 

EN-TRANCE', v. t. or i. [from transe, Fr.] 1. To put in a 
trance ; to withdraw the soul, and leave the body in a 
kind of dead sleep or insensibility. 2. To put in an ec- 
stasy ; to ravish the soul with delight or wonder. 

EN-TRANCED, (en-trdnst') pp. Put in a trance ; having 
the soul withdrawn, and the body left in a state of insen- 
sibility ; enraptured; ravished. 

EN-TRANCING, ppr. Carrying away the soul; enraptur- 
ing ; ravishing. 

EN-TRAP', V. t. [Fr. attraper.] To catch, as in a trap ; to 
insnare ; to catch by artifices ; to involve in ditficulties 
or dist»-esses ; to entangle ; to catch or involve in contra- 
dictions. 

EN-TRAP'PED, (en-trapf) pp. Insnared ; entangled. 

EN-TRAP'PING, ppr. Insnaring ; involving in difficulties. 

EN-TRkAT', v. t. [Fr. en and traiter.] 1. To ask earnest- 
ly ; to beseech ; to petition or pray with urgency ; to sup- 
plicate ; to solicit pressingly ; to importune. 2. To prevail 
on by prayer or solicitation ; to yield to entreaty. 3. To 
treat, in any manner; propcrZi/, to use or manage. Etv- 
treat is always applied to perso7is, as treat is to persons or 
things. 4, To entertain; to amuse; [obs.] 5. To en- 
tertain^; to receive ; [obs.] 

EN-TReAT', v. i. 1. To make an earnest petition or re- 
quest. 2. To olfer a treaty ; [not used.] 3. To treat ; to 
discoiirse ; [not used.] 

EN-TRkAT'A-BLE, a. That may be entreated, or is soon 
entreated. 

t EN-TRkAT'ANCE, 71. Entreaty ; solicitation. 

EN-TReAT'ED, pp. 1. Earnesfly supplicated, besought 
or solicited ; importuned ; urgently requested. 2. Pre- 
vailed on by urgent solicitation ; consenting to grant what 
is desired, 3, Used; managed; [obs.] 

EN-TReAT'ER, n. One that entreats or asks earnestly. 

EN-TReAT'ING, ppr. 1. Earnestly asking ; pressing with 
request or prayer, importuning, 2. Treating; using: 

EN-TRji:AT'FUL, a. Full of entreaty. 

EN-TReAT'IVE, a. Pleaduig ; treating. Brewer. 

EN-TReAT'Y, 71. Urgent prayer ; earnest petition ; press 
ing solicitation ; supplication. 

EN-TRE-METS', (an-tr-ma') n. [Fr.] Small plates set be- 
tween the principal dishes at table, or dainty dishes 
Mo7-timcr. 

EN-TRE-POT', (an-tr-p6') n. [Fr,] A warehouse, staple, 
or magazine, for the deposit of goods. 

t EN-TRICK', V. t. To trick ; to deceive ; to entangle. 

EN'TRO-€HITE, n. [Gr. rpo'^oi.] A kind of extraneous 
fossil, usually about a« inch in length. 

EN'TRY, n. [Fr. entree.] 1. The passage by which per- 



* See Synopsis. A, £, I C, U, Y, long.—F&R^ FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete 



ENV 



303 



EPH 



eons cflN'tii' a house or other building. 2. The act of en- 
tering ; entrance ; ingress. 3. The act of entering and 
taking possession of lands or other estate. 4. The act of 
committing to writing, or of recording in a book. 5. The 
exhibition or depositing of a ship's papers at the custom- 
house, to procure license to land goods 

EN-TuNE', V. t. To tune. Chaucer 

EN-TWiNE', V. u To twine ; to twist round. 

EN-TWiNE'MENT, n. Union ; conjunction. Hacket. 

EN-TWIST', V. t. To twist or wreath round. 

t E-NU'BI-LATE, v. t. [L. e and nubila.} To clear from 
mist; clouds or obscurity. 

E-NtJ'BI-LOUS, a. Clear from fog, mist or clouds. 

E-Nu'GLE-ATE, v. t. [L. enucleo.] 1. To clear from 
knots or lumps ; to clear from intricacy ; to disentangle. 
2. To open as a nucleus ; hence, to explain ; to clear from 
obscurity ; to make manifest. 

E-Nu'€LE-A-TED, pp. Cleared from knots ; explained. 

E-Nu'€LE-A-TING, ppr. Clearing from knots ; explaining. 

E-NU-€LE-A'TION, n. 1. The act of clearing from knots ; 
a disentangling. 2. Explanation ; full exposition. 

E-NU'ME-RATE, v. t. [L. enumero.l To count or tell, 
number by number ; to reckon or mention a number of 
things, each separately. 

E-Nu'ME-RA-TED, pp. Counted or told, number by num- 
ber , reckoned or mentioned by distinct particulars. 

E-NtJ'ME-RA-TING, ppr. Counting or reckoning any num- 
ber, by the particulars which compose it. 

E-NU-ME-Ra'TION, n. [L. enumeratio.] 1. The act of 
counting or telling a number, by naming each particular. 
2. An account of a number of things, in which mention is 
made of every particular article. — 3. In rhetoric, a part of 
a peroration, in which the orator recapitulates the princi- 
pal points or heads of the discourse or argument. 

E-NtJ'ME-RA-TiVE, a. Counting ; reckoning up. 

E-NLTN'CIATE, V. t. [L. e?mmdo.] To utter] to declare; 
to proclaim ; to relate. Bp. Barlow. 

E-NUN'CIA-TED, pp. Uttered ; declared ; pronounced. 

B-NUN'CIA-TING, ppr. Uttering ; declaring ; pronoun- 
cing. 

E-NUN-CI-a'TION, n. 1. The act of uttering or pronoun- 
cing ; expression ; manner of utterance. 2. Declaration ; 
open proclamation ; public attestation. 3. Intelligence ; 
information. 

E-NUN'CIA-TlVE, a. Declarative ; expressive. 

B-NUN'CIA-TlVE-LY, adv. Declaratively. 

E-NUN'CIA-TO-RY, a. Containing utterance or sound. 

EN-VAS'SAL, V. «. 1. To reduce to vassalage. 2. To make 
over to another as a slave. Mors. 

EN-VEL'OP, ) V. t. [Fr. envelopper.'] 1. To cover by 

EN-VEL'OPB, \ wrapping or folding ; to inwrap. 2. To 
surround entirely 5 to cover on all sides 3 to hide. 3. To 
line ; to cover on the inside. 

* EN-VEL'OP, ) 11. 1. A wrapper; an integument.— 2. In 
EN-VEL'OPE, \ fortification, a work of earth in form 

of a parapet, or of a small rampart with a parapet. 

EN-VEL'OPED, pp. Inwrapped ; covered on all sides ; 
surrounded on all sides; inclosed. 

EN-VEL'OP-ING, ppr. Inwrapping ; folding around ; cov- 
ering or surrounding on all sides, as a case or integu- 
ment. 

£N-VEL'OP-MENT, n. A wrapping ; an inclosing or cover- 
ing on all sides. 

EN-VEN'OM, V. «. L To poison; to taint or impregnate 
with venom, or any substance noxious to life. 2. To 
taint with bitterness or malice. 3. To make odious. 4. 
To enrage ; to exasperate. 

EN-VEN'OMED, pp. Tainted or impregnated with venom 
or poison; imbittered; exasperated. 

EN-VEN'OM-ING, ppr. Tainting with venom ; poisoning; 
imbittering ; enraging. 

EN-VER'MEIL, v. t. [Fr. vermeil.] To dye red. Milton. 

EN'VI-A-BLE, a. That may excite envy ; capable of awa- 
kening ardent desire of possession. 

EN'VIED, pp. Subjected to envy. 

EN'VI-ER, 71. One who envies another. 

EN'VI-OUS, a. [Fr. envieux.] Feeling or harboring envy ; 
repining or feeling uneasiness at a view of the excellence, 
prosperity or happiness of another. 2. Tinctured with 
envy. 3. Excited or directed by envy. 

EN'VI-OUS-LY, adv. With envy ; with malignity excited 
by the excellence or prosperity of another. 

EN-Vi'RON, V. i. [Fr environner.] 1. To surround ; to en- 
compass ; to encircle. 2. To involve ; to envelop. 3. 
To besiege. 4. To inclose ; to invest. 

EN-VI'RONED, pp. Surrounded ; encompassed ; besieged ; 
involved ; invested. 

EN-VI'RON-ING, ppr. Surrounding ; encircling ; besieging; 
inclosing; involving; investing. 

* EN-Vl'RONS, n. plu. The parts or places which STirround 
another place, or lie in its neighborhood on different 
sides. 

EN'VOY, n. [Fr. envoyi.] 1. A person deputed by a prince 
or government, to negotiate a treaty, or transact other busi- 



ness, with a foreign prince or government. 2. A common 
messenger ; [obs.J 3. [Fr. envoi.] Formerly, a postscript 
sent with compositions to enforce them. 

EN'VOY-SHIP, ?i. The office of an envoy. Coventry. 

EN'VY, V. t. [Fr. envier.] 1. To feel uneasiness, mortifi- 
cation or discontent, at the signt of superior excellence, 
reputation or happiness enjoyed by another ; to repine at 
another's prosperity. 2. To grudge ; to withhold mali- 
ciously. 

EN'VY, n. 1. Pain ; uneasiness, mortification or discon- 
tent excited by the sight of another's superiority or suc- 
cess, accompanied with some degree of hatred or malig- 
nity. — Emulation differs from envy in not being accompa- 
nied with liatred and a desire to depress a more fortunate 
person. 2. Rivalry ; competition ; [ZsWie Mse«f.] 3. Malice; 
malignity. 4. Public odium ; ill repute ; invidiousness. 

EN'VY-ING, ppr. Feeling uneasiness at the superior con- 
dition and happiness of another. 

EN'VY-ING, n. 1. Mortification experienced at the sup- 
posed prosperity and happiness of another. 2 111 will at 
others, on account of some supposed superiority. Oal, 
V. 21. 

EN-WAL'LoWED, a. Being wallowed or wallowing. 

EN- WHEEL', v. t. [from wheel.] To encircle. Shak. 

tEN-WID'EN, V. t. [from wide.] To make' wider. 

EN-WoMB', (en-woora') v. t. 1. To make pregnant; 
[obs.] 2. To bury ; to hide as in a gulf, pit or cavern. 

EN-WoMB'ED, (en-woomd') pp. Impregnated ; buried in 
a deep gulf or cavern. 

EN- WRAP', (en-rap') v. t. To envelop. See Inwrap. 

EN-WRAP'MENT, 71. A covering ; a wrapper. 

E-O'LI-AN, ) a. Pertaining to ^Eolia or ^olis, in Asia Mi- 

E-OL'I€, ) nor, inhabited by Greeks.— Eolian lyre or 
harp is a simple stringed instrument, that sounds by the 
impulse of air, from JEolus, the deity of the winds. 

E-OL'I-PILE, n. [L. JEolus and pila.] A hollow ball of 
metal, with a pipe or slender neck, used in hydraulic ex- 
periments. 

E'ON, n. [Gr. aiwv.] In the Platonic philosophy, a virtue, 
attribute or perfection. 

EP, EP'I, Gr. em, in composition, usually signifies on. 

E'PACT, n. [Gr. enaKTos.] In chronology, the excess of the 
solar month above the lunar synodical month, and of the 
solar year above tiie lunar year of twelve synodical 
months. 

EP'ARCH, n. [Gr. eirapxos.] The governor or prefect of a 
province, .dah. 

EP'AR-CHY, n. [Gr. £7rap;!^ta. ] A province, prefecture or 
territory under the jurisdiction of an eparch. 

EP'AU-LET, n. [Fr. epaulette.] A shoulder-piece ; an or- 
namental badge worn on the slioulder by military men. 

E-PAUL'MENT, n. [from Fr. epaule.] In fortification, a 
side-work, or work to cover sidewise, made of gabions, 
fascines, or bags of earth. 

EP-E-NET'I€, a. [Gr. ETtaivrjTiKOi.] Laudatory ; bestow 
ing praise. Phillips. 

E-PEN'THE-SIS, ) n. [Gr. eireveetrcg.] The insertion of a 

E-PEN'THE-SY, \ letter or syllable in the middle of a 
word, as alituum for alitum. 

EP-EN-THET'ie, a. Inserted in the middle of a word. 

E'PHA, n. [Heb. HflN.] A Hebrew measure of three peck* 
and three pints, or, according to some, of seven gallons 
and four pints, or about 15 solid inches. 

E-PHEM'E-RA, n. [L.] 1. A fever of one day's continu- 
ance only. 2. The day-fly ; strictly, a fly that lives one 
day only ; but the word is applied also to insects that are 
very short-lived. 

E-PHEM'E-RAL, I a. 1. Diurnai; beginning and ending 

E-PHEM'E-RI€, \ in a day ; continuing or existing one 
day only. 2. Short-lived; existing or continuing for a 
short time only. [Epherneral is generally used. Ephem- 
erous is not analogically formed.] 

E-PHEM'E-RIS, n.; pZjt. Ephemer'ides. [Gr. £(prjixE(,is-'] 

1. A journal or account of daily transactions ; a diary. — 

2. In astronomy, an account of the daily state or positions 
of the planets or heavenly orbs ; a table, or collection of 
tables, exhibiting the places of all the planets every day 
at noon . 

E-PHEM'E-RIST, n. One who studies the daily motions 

and positions of the planets ; an astrologer. 
E-PHEM'E-RON-WORM, n. A worm that lives one day 

only. Derham. 
E-PHEM'E-ROUS, a. Beginning and ending in a day. 

Burke. 
E-PHe'SIAN, a. Pertaining to Ephesus in Asia Miaor.— 

As a noun, a native of Ephesus. 
EPH-I-AL'TES, n. [Gr.] The night-mare. 
* EPH'OD, n. [Heb. 11CN.] In Jewish antiquity, a part of tho 

sacerdotal habit, being a kind of girdle. 
EPH'OR, 71. [Gr- e^opos.] In ancient Sparta, a magistrate 

chosen by the people. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



EPI 



304 



EPI 



EPHOR-AL-TY, n. The office, or tenn of office, of anephor. 

EP i€, a. [L. eptciis.] Narrative ; containing narration ; 
rehearsing. An epic poem, otherwise called heroic, is a 
poem which narrates a story, real or fictitious, or both, 
representing, in an elevated style, some signal action or 
series of actions and events, usually the achievements of 
some distinguished hero. 

EFie, 71. An epic poem. 

EP'I-CEDE, n. [Gr. emKrjSios.] A funeral song or dis- 
course. 

EP-I-Ce'DI-AN. a. Elegiac; 'mournful. 

EP-I-Ck'DI-UM, n. An elegy. 

EP'I-CENE, a. [Gr. cttikoivos.] Common to both sexes ; of 
both kinds. 

EP-I€-TE'TIAN, a. Pertaining to Epictetus. 

EPI-€URE, n. [L. epicuriis.] Properly, a follower of Epi- 
curus 3 a man devoted to sensual enjoyments ; one who 

' indulges in the luxuries of the table. 

* EP-I-eu'RE-AN, ) a. [L. Epicureiis.] 1. Pertaining to 

* EP-I-€U-Re'AN, \ Epicm-us. 2. Luxurious ; given to 
luxury ; contributing to the luxuries of the table. 

* EP-I-etJ'RE-AN, ) 71. A follower of Epicurus. Shaftes- 

* EP-I-€U-Re'AN, \ bury. 

* EF-I-€d'RE-AN-ISM, 71. Attachment to the doctrines of 
Epicurus. Harris. 

EP'I-€U-RISM, n. 1. Luxury; sensual enjoyments; in- 
dulgence iu gross pleasui-e ; voluptuousness. 2. The doc- 
trines of Epicurus. 

EP'I-€U-RiZE, v.i. 1. To feed or indulge like an epi- 
cure ; to riot ; to feast. 2. To profess the doctrines of 
Epicurus. 

EP'I-CY-eLE, n. [Gr. eni and kvk\os.] A little circle, 
whose centre is in the circumference of a greater circle ; 
or a small orb, which, being fixed in the deferent of a 
planet, is carried along with it, and yet by its own pecu- 
liar motion, carries the body of the planet fastened to it 
round its proper centre. 

EP-I-CY€'LOID, or EP-I-Cy'€LOID, n. [Gr. emKVK\oeiSris.] 
In geometry, a curve generated by the revolution of the 
periphery of a circle along the convex or concave side of 
the periphery of another circle. 

EP-I-CY-CLOID'AL, a. Pertaining to the epicycloid. 

EP-I-DEM'I€, or EP-I-DEM'I-€AL, a. [Gr. sm and drjfiog.'] 
1. Common to many people. An epidemic disease is one 
which seizes a great number of people, at the same time, 
or in the same season. 2. Generally prevailing ; affect- 
ing great numbers. 

EP-I-DEM'1€, n. A popular disease ; a disease generally 
prevailing. 

EP-I-DERM'I€, I a. Pertaining to the cuticle ; covering 

EP-I-DERM'I-DAL, \ the skm. 

EP-I-DERM'IS, 71. [Gr. e-Kihgjj.ii.'] In anatomy, the cuticle 
or scarf-skin of the body ; a thin membrane covering the 
skin of animals, or the bark of plants. 

EP'I-DOTE, 7^. A mineral. 

EP-I-GAS'TRI€, a. [Gr. ert and yaarri^.'] Pertaining to the 
upper part of the abdomen. 

EP'I-GEE, ^SeePEKiGEE 

EP-I-GE'UM. \ ^Seir-EEIGEE. 

EP'I-GLOT, I n. [Gr. fimyXwrrtj.] In anatomy, one of 

EP-I-GLOT'TIS, \ the cartilages of the larynx, whose use 
is to cover the glottis when food or drink is passing into 
the stomach. 

EP'I-GRAM, 71. [Gi. eTTtypaiAixa.] A short poem treating on- 
ly of one thing, and ending with some lively, ingenious 
and natural thought. 

EP-1-GRAM-MAT'I€, ) a. 1. Writmg epigrams ; deal- 

EP I-GRAM-MAT'l-CAL, \ ing in epigrams. 2. Suitable 
to epigrams ; belonging to epigrams ; like an epigram ; 
concise ; pointed ; poignant. 

EP-I-GRAM'MA-TIST, n. One who composes epigrfsms, 
or deals in them. 

EP'I-GRAPH, 71. [Gr. e-TLypacpri.l Among antiquaries, an in- 
scription on a building. 

EP'I-LEP-SY, 71. [Gr. eniXrixjjia.] The falling sickness, so 
called because the patient falls suddenly to the ground ; a 
disease accompanied v/ith spasms or convulsions and loss 
of sense. 

EP-I-LEP'TI€, a. Pertaining to the falling sickness; af- 
fected with epilepsy ; consisting of epilepsy. 

EP-I-LEP'TI€, 71. One aifected with epilepsy. 

EP-I-LEP'TI-€AL, a. Convulsed ; disordered as by an epi- 
lepsy. 

EPI-LO-GISM, 71. [Gr. ETtXoytcr/^of.] Computation; enu- 
meration. Gregory. 

EP-I-L0-GIS'TI€, a. Pertaiaing to epUogue ; of the nature 
of an epilogue. 

EP'I-LOGUE, (ep'e-log) n. [L. epilogus.] 1. In oratory, 
a conclusion ; the closing part of a discourse, in which 
the principal matters are recapitulated. — 2. In the drama, 
a speech or short poem addressed to the spectators by one 
of the actors, after the conclusion of the play. 



EP'I-LO-GUiZE, or EP'I-LO-GiZE, v. i. To pronounce an 

epilogue. 

EP'I-LO-GUiZE, V. t. To add to, in the manner of an epi- 
logue. 

t EP-I-Nl"CION, 71. [Gr. £-i:lvikiov.} A song of triumjdi 
Warton. 

E-PIPH'A-NY, 71. [Gr. £TiL(pavei.a.] A Christian festival cel- 
ebrated on the 6th day of January, the 12th day after 
Christmas, in commemoration of the appearance of our 
Savior to the magians or philosophers of the East, who 
came to adore him with presents. 

E-PIPH'0-NEM, > 71. [Gr. ntKpittvrina.'] In oratory, an 

EP-I-PHO-Ne'MA, \ exclamation ; an ecphonesis ; a ve- 
hement utterance of the voice to express strong passion. 

E-PIPH'O-RA, 71. [Gr. e-ni and ^epw.] The watery eye; a 
disease in which the tears accumulate. 

EP-I-PHYL-LO-SPERM'OUS, a. [Gr. tiri, 4>v\\ov, and 
crre^lia.'] In botany, bearing then- seeds on the back of the 
leaves, as fems. 

E-PIPH'Y-SIS, ) 71. [Gr. t.TtKpvais.'] Accretion ; the growing 

E-PIPH'Y-SY, \ of one bone to another by simple conti- 
guity. 

E-PIP'LO-CE, or E-PIP'LO-CY, n. [Gr. emnXoKv.] A fig- 
ure of rhetoric, by which one aggravation or striking ok 
cumstance is added m due gradation to another. 

E-PIP'LO-CELE, 71. [Gr. eTriTrXoKiyX??.] A rupture of the 
caul or omentum. Coxe. 

E-PIP'LO-ie, a. [Gr. tiri-KXoov.l Pertaining to the caul or 
omentum. 

E-PIP'LOON, 71. [Gr. e-KntXaov.] The caul or omentum. 

E-PIS'CO-PA-CY, 71. [L. episcopatus.] Government of the 
church by bishops. 

E-PIS'€0-PAL, a. 1. Belonging to or vested in bishops oi 
prelates. 2. Governed by bishops. 

E-PIS-CO-Pa'LI-AN, a. Pertaining to bishops or govern 
ment by bishops ; episcopal. 

E-PIS-€0-Pa'LI-AN, 71. One who belongs to an episcopa. 
church, or adheres to the episcopal form of church govern- 
ment and discipline. 

E-PIS'€0-PAL-LY, adv. By episcopal authority ; in an 
episcopal manner. 

E-PIS'€0-PATE, 71. 1. A bishopric ; the office and dignity 
of a bishop. 2. The order of bishops. 

E-PIS'€0-PATE, V. i. To act as a bishop ; to fill the office 
of a prelate. M'dner. 

E-PIS'CO-PY, 71. Survey ; superintendence ; search. 

EP'I-SODE, 71. [Gr. ETrtcw^^.] In poetry, a separate inci- 
dent, story or action, introduced for the purpose of giving 
a greater variety to the events related in the poem ; an in- 
cidental narrative, or digression. 

EP-I-SOD'I€, \ a. Pertaining to an episode ; contained 

EP-I-SOD'I-€AL, \ in an episode or digression. 

EP-I-SODT-CAL-LY, adzj. By way of episode. Scott. 

EP-I-SPAS'TI€, a. [Gr. ti:icr:aaTiKa.'\ In medicine, draw- 
ing ; attracting the humors to the skin ; exciting action in 
the skin ; blistering. 

EP-l-SPAS'TIC, 71. A topical remedy applied to the exter- 
nal part of the body, for the purpose of drawing the hu- 
mors to the part, or exciting action in the skin ; a blis- 
ter. 

EP-I-STIL'BITE, 71. A mineral. 

E-PIS'TLE, (e-pis'l) 7i. [L. epistola, Gr. £ti«7toX>7.] A writ- 
ing, sent, communicating intelligence to a distant person ; 
a letter ; a letter missive. 

E-PIS'TLER, 71. 1. A writer of epistles ; [Zi«JeMsei.] 2 
Formerly, one who attended the communion table, and 
read the epistles. 

E-PIS'TO-LA-RY, a. 1. Pertaining to epistles or letters , 
suitable to letters and correspondence ; familiar. 2. Con- 
tained in letters. 

EP-IS-TOL'I€, ) a. 1. Pertaining to letters or epistles. 

EP-IS-TOL'I-€AL, \ 2. Designatmg the method of repre- 
senting ideas by letters and words. 

E-PIS'TO-LiZE, V. i. To write epistles or letters. 

E-PIS'TO-LlZ-ER, 71. A writer of epistles. Howel. 

E-PIS-TO-LO-GRAPH'I€, a. Pertaining to the writing of 
letters. 

E-PIS-TO-LOG'RA-PHY, ti. [Gr. nnciToXr] and y^a<p(>i.'\ 
The art or practice of writing letters. 

E-PIS'TRO-PHE, / 71. [Gr. STrtorpo^??.] A figure, in rliet- 

E-PIS'TRO-PHY, ) oric, in which several successive sen- 
tences end with the same word or affirmation. 

EP'I-ST"5LE, 71. [Gr. eiti and aTvKog.l In ancient archi- 
tecture, a term used by the Greeks for what is now called 
the architrave, a massive piece of stone or wood laid im 
mediately over the capital of a column or pillar. 

EP'I-TAPH, 71. [Gr. t-i and Ta<po';.'\ 3. An inscription on 
a monument, in honour or memory of the dead. 2. A 
eulogy, in prose or verse, composed without any intent to 
be engraven on a monument. 

EP-I-TAPH'I-AN, a. Pertaining to an epitaph. Milton. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 6, tj, Y, long.—FAJR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY •,— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— j ObsoleU 



EQU 



305 



EdU 



E-PIT'A-SIS, n. [Gr. emruvu).] In the ancient drama, the 
progress of the plot. 

EP-I-THA-La'MI-UM, I n. [Gr. £7rt0aXa//tov.] A nuptial 

BP-I-THAL'A-MY, ) song or poem, in praise of the 
bride and bridegroom, and praying for their prosperity. 

EF'1-THEM, n. [Gr. eiridrjua.] In pharmacy, a kind of 
fomentation or poultice, to be applied externally to 
strengthen the part. 

EP'I-THET, n. [Gr. eTriQerov.] An adjective expressing 
some real quality of the thing to which it is applied, or an 
attribute expressing some quality ascribed to it. 

EP'I-THET, V. t. To entitle ; to dascribe by epithets. 

EP-I-THET'I€, a. 1. Pertaming to an epithet or epi- 
thets. 2. Abounding with epithets. 

EP-I-THU-MET'I€, ) a. [Gr. emOvfiririKos.] Inclined 

EP-I-THU-MET'I-€AL, \ to lustj pertaining to the an- 
imal passion. Brown. 

E-PIT'O-ME, / 71. [Gr. firrtTO/ij?.] An abridgment ; a brief 

E-PIT'0-M Y, \ summary or abstract of any book or writing ; 
a compendium. 

E-PIT'0-MIST, 71. An epitomizer. 

E-PIT'O-MiZE, V. t. 1. To shorten or abridge, as a writing 
or discourse ; to abstract, in a summary, the principal mat- 
ters of a book ; to contract into a naiTOwer compass. 2. 
To diminish ; to curtail. 

E-PIT'O-MlZED, pp. Abridged ; shortened ; contracted into 
a smaller compass, as a book or writing. 

E-PIT'O-MlZ-EK, n. One who abridges ; a writer of an 
epitome 

E-PIT'O-JIlZ-ING, ^;w. Abridging j shortening; making 
a summary. 

EP'I-TRITE, 7J. [Gr. eTTirptrof.] In prosody, a foot con- 
sisting of three long syllables and one short one ; as incan- 
taxe. Encyc. 

E-PIT'RO-PE, ' 71. [Gr. tTrtrpoTr?;.] Inrhetoric, concession ; 

f>^PIT'B.O-PY, \ a figure by which a thing is granted 
with a view to obtain an advantage. 

EP-I-ZO-OT'I€, a. [Gr. em and |wov,] In geology, an 
epithet given to such mountains as contain animal re- 
mains in tJieir naturfd or in a petrified state, or the impres- 
sions of animal substances. 

EP-I-Zo'O-TY, 71. A murrain or pestilence among irra- 
tional animals. 

* K'PO€H, or EP'OGH, n. [L. epocha.] 1. A fixed point 
of time, from which succeeding years are numbered ; a 
point from which computation of yeaj-s begins. 2. Any 
fixed time or period ; the period when any thing begins 
or is remarkably prevalent. 

EP'0-€HA, 71. The same as epoch. 

* EP'ODE, 71. [Gr. ETruJr?.] In lyric poetry, the third or last 
part of the ode ; tliat which follows the strophe and anti- 
strophe. [The word is now used as the name of any little 
verse or verses, that follow one or more great ones.] 

EP-O-PEE', n. [Gr. £7roff and jrotEW.J An epic poem. More 
properly, the history, action or table, which makes the 
subject of an epic poem. 

E'POS, n. [Gr. ettoj .] An epic poem, or its fable or subject. 

EP'SOM-SALT. The sulphate of magnesia, a cathartic. 

EP'U-LA-EY, a. [L. epularis.] Pertaining to a feast or ban- 
quet. Bailey. 

EP-U-La'TION, 7i. [L. epulatio.] A feasting or feast. 

EP-U-LOT'I€, a. [Gr. eirov^wriKa.] Healing ; cicatrizing. 

EP-U-LOT'I€, 71. A medicament or application which tends 
to dry, cicatrize and heal wounds or ulcers, to repress fun- 
gous flesh, and dispose the parts to recover soundness. 

E-aUA-BIL'I-TY, 71. 1. Equality in motion ; continued 
equality, at all times, in velocity or movement ; uniform- 
ity. 2. Continued equality ; evenness or uniformity. 

£'Q,UA-BLE, a. [L. csquabilis.] 1. Equal and uniform at 
all times, as motion. 2. Even; smooth; having a uni- 
form surface or form. 

£'CIUA-BLY, adv. With an equal or uniform motion ; with 

_ continued uniformity ; evenly. 

E'Q,UAL, a. [L. wqualis.] 1. Having the same magnitude 
or dimensions ; being of the same bulk or extent. 2. 
Having the same value. 3. Having the same qualities or 
condition. 4. Having the same degree. 5. Even ; uni- 
form ; not variable. 6. Being in just proportion. 7. Im- 
partial ; neutral ; not biased. 8. Indifferent ; of the same 
interest or concern. 9. Just ; equitable ; giving the same 
or similar rights or advantages. 10. Being on the same 
terms ; enjoying the same or similar benefits. 11. Ade- 

_ quate ; having competent pwer, ability or means. 

E'Q,UAL, 71. One not inferior or superior to another ; hav- 
ing the same or a similar age, rank, station, oflice, talents, 

_ strength, &c 

E'CIUAL, V. t. 1. To make equal ; to make one thing of 
the same quantity, dimensions or quality as another. 2. 
To raise to the same state, rank, or estimation with an- 
other ; to become equal to. 3. To be equal to. 4. To 
make equivalent to ; to recompense fully ; to answer in 
full proportion.' 5. To be of like excellence or beauty. 



E-aUAL'I-TY, n. [L. cBqualitas.\ 1. An agreement rf 
things in dimensions, quantity or quality ; likeness ; sim 
ilarity in regard to two things compared. 2. The same 
degree of dignity or claims. 3 Evenness ; uniformity ; 
sameness in state or continued course. 4. Evenness ; 
plainness ; uniformity, 

E-aUAL-I-ZA'TION, n. The act of equalizing, or state of 

_ being equalized. 

E'QUAL-iZE, V. t. To make equal. 

E'dUAL-lZED , pp. Made equal ; reduced to equality. 

E'Q.UAL-lZ-ING, ppr. Making equal. 

EIQ.UAL-LY, adv. ]. In the same degree with another; 
alike. 2. In equal shares or proportions. 3. Impartially ; 

_ with equal justice. 

E'Q,UAL-NESS, n. 1. Equality ; a state of being equal 
2. Evenness ; uniformity. 

E-Q,UAN'GU-LAR, a. [L. mquus and anguliis.'] Consist- 
ing of equal angles. 

E-aUA-NIM'I-TY, 71. [L. cBquanimitas.'] 1. Evenness of 
mind ; that calm temper or firmness of mind, which is not 
easily elated or depressed. 

E-CIUAN'I-MOUS, a. Of an even, composed frame of mind ; 
of a steady temper, not easily elated or depressed. 

E-GIUa'TION, 71. [L. aquatio.] 1. Literally, a making 
equal, or an equal division. — 2. In algebra, a proposition 
asserting the equality of two quantities, and expressed by 
the sign = between them ; or an expression of the same 
quantity in two dissimilar terms, but of equal value, as 
3s. =36(f. — 3. In astronomy, the reduction of the apparent 
time or motion of the sun to equable, mean or true time 
4. The reduction of any extremes to a mean proportion 
Harris. 

E-Q-Ua'TOR, n. [L.] In astronomy and geography, a great 
circle of the sphere, equally distant from the two poles of 
the world, or having the same poles as the world. 

E-ClUA-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to the equator. 

* E'Q,UE-RY, n. [Fr. ecuyer.] 1. An ofiicer of princes 
who has the care and management of his horses. 2. A 
stable or lodge for horses. 

E-aUES'TRI-AN, a. [L. eqiiester.] 1. Pertaining to horses 
or hoi-semanship ; performed with horses. 2. Being on 
horseback. 3. Skilled in horsemanship. 4. Representing 
a person on horseback. 5. Celebrated by horse-races. 6. 
Belonging to knights. 

E-Q,UI-AN'GU-LAR, a. [L. aqnus, and angulus.] In ge- 
ometry, consisting of or having equal angles. 

E-Q,UI-BAL'ANCE, n. [L. aiquus and bilanx.] Equal 
weight. 

E-aUI-BAL'ANCE, v. t. To have equal weight with some- 
thing. 

E-Q,UI-CRtf'RAL, a, [h.cequus and crus.] 1. Having legs 
of equal length. 2. Having equal legs, but longer than 
the base ;_ isosceles. 

E-Q.UI-CRURE', a. The same as equicrural. 

E-aUI-DIF'FER-ENT, a. Having equal differences ; arith- 
metically proportional. 

E-aUI-DIS'TANCE, n. Equal distance. Hall. 

E-aUI-DIS'TANT, n. Equal distance or remoteness, 

E-aUI-DIS'TANT, a. [L.mqmus, and distans,] Being at an 
equal distance from some point or place. 

E-aUI-DIS'TANT-LY, adv. At the same or an equal dis- 
tance. 

E-aUI-FORM'I-TY, n. [L. aiquus and forma.] Uniform 
equalit)'. Broken. 

E-GIUI-LAT'ER-AL, a. [L. aquus and lateralis.] Having 
all the sides equal. 

E-QUI-LAT'ER-AL, n. A side exactly corresponding to 
others. Herbert. 

E-QUI-Ll'BRATE, v. t. [L. a;quus and libro.] To balance 
equally two scales, sides or ends ; to keep even with equal 
weight on each side. 

E-aUI-Li'BRA-TED, pp. Balanced equally on both sides 
or ends. 

E-aUI-Ll'BRA-TING, ppr. Balancing equally on both 
sides or ends. 

E-aUI-LI-BRA'TION, n. Equipoise ; the act of keeping 
the balance even, or the state of being equally balanced. 

E-aUI-LIB'RI-OUS, a. Equally poised. 

E-aUI-LIB'RI-OUS-LY, adv. In equal poise. 

E-aUIL'I-BRIST, n. One that balances equally. 

E-aUI-LIB'RI-TY, n. [L. cequilibritas .] The state of be- 
ing equally balanced ; equal balance on both sides ; equi- 
librium. Gregory. 

E-CIUI-LIB'RI-UM, n. [L.] 1. In mechanics, equipose, 
equality of weight ; the state of the two ends of a lever or 
balance, when both are charged with equal weight, and 
they maintain an even or level position, parallel to the 
horizon. 2. Equality of powers. 3. Equal balancing of 
the mind between motives or reasons. 

E-aUI-MUL'TI-PLE, a. [L. aiquus and multiplieo.] Mul 
tiplied by the same number or quantity. 

E-aUI-MUL'TI-PLE, n. In arithmetic and geometry, a 
number multiplied by the same number or quantity. 

E-dUl'NAL, a. Relating to a horse. Heytcood. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE -€ as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolet* 

20 



EQU 



306 



ERE 



£'Q,UINE, a. [L. equinus.] Pertaining to a hoise, or to 
the genus. 

E-aUI-NECES-SA-RY, a. Necessary or needful in the 
same degree. JIndih-as. 

E-aUI-NOG'TIAL, a. [L. cequus and nox.] 1. Pertaining 
to the equinoxes ; designating an equal length of day and 
night. 2. Pertaining to the regions or climate of the equi- 
noctial line or equator ; in or near that line. 3. Pertain- 
ing to the time when the sun enters the equinoctial points. 
— 4. Equinoctial fiowers, flowei-s that open at a regular, 
stated hour. 

E-aUI-NO€'TIAL, n. In astronomy, a great circle of the 
sphere, under which the equator moves in its diunial 
course. — Equinoctial points are the two points wherein 
the equator and ecliptic intersect each other. 

E-aUI-NOG'TIAL-LY, adv. In the direction of the equi- 
nox. Broicn. 

EaUI-NOX, 71. [L. squus and nox.'] The precise time 
when the sun enters one of the equinoctial points, or the 
first point of Aries, about the 21st of March, and the first 
point of Libra, about the 23d of September, making the 
day and the niglit of equal length. 

E-Q,UI-NU'ME-E,AXT, «. [L. aquus and mLmerus.l Hav- 
ing or consisting of the same number. [Little used.] 

E-aUIF, V. t. [Ft. equiper.] 1. To dress ; to habit. To 
furnish with arms, or a complete suit of arms, for milita- 
ry service. 2. To furnish with men, artillery and muni- 
tions of war, as a shin. To fit for sea. 

Ea'UI-PAGE, V. 1. The furniture of a military man, partic- 
ularly arms and their appendages. 2. The furniture of an 
army or body of troops, infantry or cavalry. 3. The furni- 
ture of an armed ship, or the necessary preparations for 
a voyage. 4. Attendance, retinue, as persons, horses, 
carriages, &c. 5. Carriage of state; vehicle. 6. Accou- 
terments ; habiliments ; ornamental furniture. 

ECI'UI-PaGED, a. Furnished with equipage; attended 
with a splendid retinue. Coioper. 

E-aUI-PEN'DEN-CY, n. [L. cnqims and pevdeo.] The act 
of hanging in equipoise ; a being not inclined or deter- 
mined either way. 

E-aUIP'MENT, n. 1. The act of equipping, or fitting for a 
voyage or expedition. 2. Any thing that is used in equip- 
ping ; furniture ; habiliments ; warlike apparatus ; neces- 
saries for an expedition, or for a voyage. 

E'aUI-POISE, n. [L. cequus, and Fr. poids.] Equality of 
weight or force ; equilibrium ; a state in which the two 
ends or sides of a thing are balanced. 

E-aUI-POL'LENCE, \ n. [L. cEquus and pollentia.] 1. 

£-aUI-POL'LEN-CY, i Equality of power or force.— 2. 
In lo^c, an equivalence between two or more proposi- 
tions. 

E-GHJI-POE'LENT, a. Having equal power or force ; equiv- 
alent. — In log-ic, having equivalent signification. 

E-aUI-POL'LENT-LY, adv. Equivalently. Barrow. 

E-aUI-PON'DER-ANCE, n. [L. csquus and pondus.] 
Equality of weight ; equipoise. 

E-aUI-PON'DER-ANT, a. Being of the same weight. 

E-aUI-PON'DER-ATE, v. i. [L. (squjis and pondero.] To 
be equal in weight ; to weigh as much as another thine. 

E-aUI-P0X'DI-dU3, a. Having equal weight on both 
sides. Glo.nville. 

E-aUIP'PED, (e-quipf) pp. Furnished with habiliments, 
arms, and whatever is necessary for a military expedi- 
tion, or fcr a %"oyage or cruise. 

E-Q.UIP'PING, ppr. Furnishing with habiliments or warlike 
apparatus : supplving with things necessary for a voyage. 

E-QUIS'.0-NA^CE,7^. An equal sounding. 

ECl'lJl-TA-BLE, a. [Fr. equUahlc] 1. E^qual in regard to 
the rights of persons ; disnibuting equal justice ; giving 
each his due -/assigning to one or more what law or jus- 
tice demands ; just ; impartial. 2. Having tiie disposi- 
tion to do justice, or doing justice ; impartial 3. Heid or 
exercised in equity, or with chancerv powers. 

EQ,'UT-TA-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being just. 
2. Equity ; the state of doing justice, or distributing to 
each according to his legal or just claims. 

EQ. L^I-T A-BLY, ado. In an equitable manner ; justly ; im- 
partially. 

EQ.'UI-TANT, a. [L. equiians.] In botany, riding, as equi- 
tant leaves. 

EQ.-UI-Ta'TION, 71. A riding on horseback. Barrow. 

EO.'UI-TY, 71. [L. asquitas.] 1. Justice ; right. 2. Justice; 
impartiality ; a just regard to right or claim. — 3. In law, an 
equitable claim. — 4. In jurisprudence, the correction or 
qualification of iaw, when too severe or defective ; or the 
extension of the words of the law to cases not expressed, 
yet coming within the reason of the law. — 5. Equity of re- 
demption, in latP, the advantage, allowed to a mortgager, 
of a reasonable time to redeem lands mortgaged. 

E-Q.ITIV'A-LENCE, n. [h. cequus and valens.] 1. Equal- 
ity of value ; equal value or worth. 2. Equal power or 
force 

; E-^UIV'A-LENCE, v. t. To equiponderate ; to be equal to. 
Breton. 



E-aUIV'A-LENT, a. 1. Equal in value or worth. 2. Equal 
in force, power or effect. 3. Equal in moral force, co- 
gency or effect on the mind. 4. Of the same import oi 
meaning. 5. Equal in excellence or moral worth. 

E-aUIV'A-LENT, n. 1. That which is equal in value 
weight, dignity or force, with something else.— 2. In 
chemistry, equivalent is the particular weight or quantity 
of any substance which is necessary to saturate any othe» 
with which it can combine. Silliman. 

E-Q.UIV 'A-LENT-LY, adc. In an equal manner. 

t E-aUIV'0-€A-CY, 71. Equivocalness. Brown. 

E-Q.UIV'0-€AL, a. [Lowlj.aqidvocus.] ]. Being of doubt 
ful signification; that may be understood in different 
senses ; capable of a double interpretation ; ambiguous . 
2. Doubtful ; ambiguous ; susceptible of different con- 
structions ; not decided. 3. Uncertain ; proceeding from 
some unknown cause, or not from the usual cause. 

E-Q.UIV'0-€AL, n. A word or term of doubtful meaning, 
or capable of different meanings. 

E-Q.UIV'0-€AL-LY, adv. 1. Ambiguously ; in a doubtful 
sense; in terms susceptible of different senses. 2. By un 
certain bkth ; bv equivocal generation. 

E-(iUIV'0-€AL-NE£S, n. Ambiguity ; double meaning. 

E-GiUIV'O-CATE, v. i. [It. equivocare ; Fr. equivoquer. j 
To use words of a doubtful signification ; to express one's 
opinions in terms which admit of different senses ; to use 
ambiguous expressions. 

E-Q,tJIV'0-€ATE, v. t. To render capable of a double m- 
terpretation. 

E-Q.UiV'0-€A-TING, ppr. Using ambiguous words or 
phrases. 

E-aUIV-0-€A'TION, 71. Ambiguity of speech ; the use ol 
words or expressions that are susceptible of a double sig- 
nification. 

E-aUIV'0-€A-TOE, n. One who equivocates. 

EQ,UI-V0KE, n. [Ft. equivoque.] 1. An ambiguous term 
2. Equivocation. 

E-aUIV'OR-OUS, a. [L. equus and voro.] Feeding or sub- 
sisting on horse flesh. Quart. Rev. 

ER, the termination of many English words, is the Teutonic 
form of the Latin or ; the one contracted from tcer, the 
other from vir, a man. It denotes an agent, originally of 
the masculine gender, but now applied to men or things 
indifferently ; as in hater, farmer, heater, grater. At the 
end of names of places, er signifies a man of the place j 

_ Londoner is the same as Londonman. 

ERA, n. [L. ara ; Fr. ere ; Sp. era.] 1. In chronology, a 
fixed point of time, from which any number of years is 
begun to be counted ; as, the Christian era. It differs 
from epoch in this ; era is a point of time fixed by some 
nation or denomination of men ; epoch is a point nxed by 
historians and chronologists. 2. A succession of years 
proceeding from a fixed point, or comprehended between 
two fixed points. 

E-Ra'DI-ATE, v. I. [L. e and radio.] To shoot as rays of 
light ; to beam. 

E-RA-DI-A TION, 71. Emission of rays or beams of light ; 
emission of light or splendor. 

E-RADI-CATE, v. t. [L. eradico.] To pull up the roots, or 
by the roots ; to destroy any thing that grows ; to extir- 
pate ; to destroy tlioroughly. 

E-RAD'I-€A-TED, pp. Plucked up by the roots ; extirpa- 
ted ; destroyed. 

E-RAB'I-CA-TING, ppr. Pulling up the roots of any thing ; 
extirpating. 

E-RAD-I-€aTI0N, 71. 1. The act of plucking up by the 
roots ; extirpation ; excision ; total destruction. 2. The 
state of being plucked up by the roots. 

E-RAD'I-€A-TiVE, a. That extirpates ; that cures or de- 
stroys thoroughly. 

E-RAi3'I-€A-TiVE, n. A medicine that effects a radical 
cure. Whitlock. 

E-RA'SA.-BLE, a. That may or can be erased. 

E-RaSE', v. i. [ti. erado.] 1. To rub or scrape out, as letters 
or characters written, engraved or painted ; to eflTace. 2. 
To obliterate ; to expunge ; to blot out. 3. To efface ; to 
destroy. 4. To destroy to the foundatiot!. [^"s Raze.] 

E-RaS'ED, (e-rast') pp. Rubbed or scratched out; ooliter- 
ated ; effaced. 

E-RaSE'MENT, 71. The act of erasing ; a rubbing out ; ex- 
punction ; obliteration ; destruction. 

E-RaS'ING, ppr. Rubbing or scraping out; obliterating; 
destroying. 

E-Ra'SION, 71. The act of erasing; obliteration. 

E-RAS'TIAN, n. A follower of Erdstus. 

E-RAS'TIAN-ISM, n. The principles of the Erastians. 

E-RA'SURE,(e-ra'zhur)n. 1. The act of erasing ; a scratch- 
ing out ; obliteration. 2. The place whc-e a word or let- 
ter has been erased or obliterated. 

ERE, (air) adv. [Sax. ^r.] Before ; sooner than. 

ERE, (air) prep. Before. JDryden. 

SRE'LONG, (ak'long) adv. 1. Before a long tune had 
elapsed ; [ois. or little used.] 2. Before a long time shall 
elapse ; before long. Milton. 



*Stt Synopsis. A, E, I. 0, O, Y, long.— FAR, FAJuL, WHAT;— PRgY ;-PIN. MARINE, BIRD y- t Obsolete. 



ERR 



307 



ESC 



gRE'NOW, (air'now) adv. Before this time. Dryden. 

fERE'WHILE, (air'while) ; ado. Some time ago ; before 

t ERE'WHILES, (air'whiiz) \ a litile while. Suah. 

ER'E-BUS, n. [L. c?-e&Ms.] In mytholoo-y^ darkness ; hence, 
Ihe region of the dead ; a deep and gloomy place ; heli. 

E-REeT', a. [L, erectus.] I. Upright, or in'a perpendicular 
posture. 2. Directed upward. 3. Upright and firm ; 
bold } unshaken. 4. Raised ; stretched ; intent 3 vigor- 
ous. 5. Stretched ; extended. 

E-RE€T', V. t. 1. To raise and set in an upright or perpen- 
dicular direction, or nearly such. 2. To raise, as a build- 
ing ; to set up ; to build. 3. To set up or establish anew ; 
to found; to form. 4. To elevate, to exalt 5. To raise; 
to excite ; to animate ; to encourage. 6. To raise a con- 
sequence from premises. 7. To extend ; to distend. 

E-RE€T', V. i. To rise upright. Bacon. 

E-RECT'A-BLE, a. That can be erected. Montagu. 

E-RECT'ED, pp. Set in a straight and perpendicular direc- 
tion ; set upright; raised; built; established; elevated. 

E-RECT'ER, n. One that erects ; one that raises or builds. 

E-RE€T'ING, ppr. Raising and setting upright ; building ; 
founding ; establishing ; elevating ; inciting ; extendmg 
and distending. 

E-REG'TJON, n. 1. The act of raising and setting perpen- 
dicular to the plane of the horizon ; a setting upright. 2. 
The act of raising or building, as an edifice or fortifica- 
tion. 3. The state of being raised, built or elevated. 4. 
Establishment ; settlement ; formation. 5. Elevation ; 
exaltation of sentiments. 6. Act of rousing ; excitement. 
7. Any thing erected. 8. Distension and extension. 

E-REGT'IVE, a. Setting upright ; raising. 

E-RE€T'LY, adv. In an erect posture. Brotcn. 

E-RE€T'NESS, ?i. Uprightness of posture or form. 

E-REGT'OR, n. A muscle that erects ; one that raises. 

ER'E-MI-TA6E, n. See Hermitage. 

ER'E-MITE, n. [L. eremita.] One who lives in a wilder- 
ness, or in retirement, secluded from an intercourse with 
men. It is generally written hermit. Milton. 

ER-E-MIT'I-€AL, a. Living in seclusion from the world. 

E-REP'TION, n. [L. ereptio.] A takhig or snatching away 
by force. 

fER'GAT, V. i. [L. ergo.] To infer; to draw conclusions. 

ER'GO, adv. [L.l Therefore. 

ER'GOT, 71. [Fr.] 1. In farriery, a stub, like a piece of soft 
horn, about the bigness of a chestnut, situated behind and 
below the pastern joint. 2. A morbid excrescence in grain, 
particularly in rye. 

ER'GO-TISM, 71. [L. ergo.] A logical inference. 

ER'I-A€H, n. [Irish.] A pecuniary fine. Spenser. 

J ER'I-6l-BLE, a. That may be erected. Sliaw's Zoology. 

E-RIN'GO. See Eryngo. 

fE-RIST'ie, la. [Gr. epis and spiort/co?.] Pertaining 

f E-RIST'I-€AL, ) to disputes ; controversial. 

f ERKE, n. [Gr. aspyos.] Idle ; slothful. Chaucer. 

ER'ME-LIN. See Ermin. 

ER'MlNE, ) 71. [Fr. hermine.] 1. An animal of the genus 

ER'MIN, \ mustela. 2. The fur of the ermine. 

ER'aHNED, a. Clothed with ermine ; adorned with the fur 
of the ermine. Pope. 

ERNE, or ^RNE, a Saxon word, signifying a place or re- 
ceptacle, forms the termination of some English words, as 
well as Latin ; as in barn, lantern. 

E-RoDE', V. t. [L. erodo.] To eat in or away ; to corrode. 

E-RoD'ED, pp. Eaten ; gnawed ; corroded. 

E-RoD'ING, ppr. Eating into ; eating away ; corroding. 

f ER'0-GATE, V. t. [L. erogo.] To lay out ; to give ; to 
bestow upon. Elyot. 

t ER-O-Ga'TION, 71. The act of conferring. Elyot. 

E-RoSE', a. [L. erosus.] In botany, an erase leaf has small 
sinuses in the margin, as if gnawed. 

E-RO'SION, 71. [L. erosio.'] 1. The act or operation of eating 
away. 2. The state of being eaten away ; corrosion ; 
canker. 

E-ROT'I€, ) a. [Gr. epwj.l Pertaining to love ; treating 

E-ROT'I-€AL, \ of love. 

E-ROT'I€, n. An amorous composition or poem. 

ER-PE-TOL'0-6lST, n. [Gr. epTrsro? and \oyog.] One who 
writes on the subject of reptiles, or is versed in the natu- 
ral history of reptiles. 
ER-PE-T0L'0-6Y, n. That part of natural history which 
treats of reptiles. 

ERR, V. i. [L. erro.] 1. To wander from the right way ; to 
deviate from the true course or purpose. 2. To miss the 
right way, in morals or religion ; to deviate from the path 
or line of duty ; to stray by design or mistake. 3. To mis- 
take ; to commit error. 4. To wander ; to ramble. 

ERR, V. t. To mislead ; to cause to err. Burton. 
ERR'A-BLE, a. Liable to mistake ; fallible. [Little used.] 
ERR'A-BLE-NESS, n. Liableness to mistake or error. 

* ER'RAND, n. [Sax. cerend.] 1. A verbal message ; a man- 
date or order ; something to be told or done. 2. Any 
special business to be transacted by a messenger. 
ER'RANT, a. [Yx. errant.] 1. Wandering ; roving ; ram- 



bling ; applied particularly to knights, who, in the middle 
ages, wandered about to seek adventures ar.d display their 
heroism and generosity, called knights errant. 2. Devi- 
ating from a certain course. 3. Itinerant; [©60.] 
ER'RANT-RY, n, I. A wandering; a roving or rambling 
about. Addison. 2. The employment of a knight enanl. 
ER-RAT'I€, a. [L. erraticus.] 1. Wandering; having no 
certain course ; roving about without a fixed destination. 
2. Moving; not fixed or stationary. 3. Iriregular; mu- 
table. 
ER-RAT'I€, 71, A rogue, Cockcram. 
ER-RAT'I-eAL, a. Uncertain ; keeping no regular order 
Bp. Hall. 

ER-RAT'I-€AL-LY, adv. Without rule; irregularlv Broion. 

t ER-Ra'TION, n. A wandering. 

ER-Ra'TUM, n. j plu. Errata. An error or mistake in 
writing or printing. 

ER'RHlNE, (er'rine) a. [Gr. eppivov.] Affecting the nose, 
or to be snuffed into the nose ; occasioning discharges 
from the nose. 

ER'llHiNE, (er'rine) n. A medicine to be snuffed up the 
nose, to promote discharges of mucus. 

ERR'ING, ppr. Wandering from the truth or the right way , 
mistaking ; irregular. 

ER-Ro'NE-OUS, a. [L. erroneus.] 1. Wandering ; roving ; 
unsettled, 2. Deviating ; devious ; irregular. 3. Mis- 
taking ; misled ; deviating, by mistake, firom the truth. 
4. Wrong ; false ; mistaken ; not conformable to truth ; 
erring from truth or justice. 

ER-Ro'NE-OUS-LY, adv. By mistake ; not rightly. 

ER-Ro'NE-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being erroneous , 
deviation from right ; inconformity to truth. 

ER'ROR, 72 . [L. error.] 1. A wandering or deviation from the 
truth ; a mistake in judgment, by which men assent to or 
believe what is not true. 2. A mistake made in writing 
or other performance. 3. A wandering ; irregular course. 
4. Deviation from law, justice or right ; oversight ; mis- 
take in conduct. — 5. In Scripture and theology, sin ; in- 
iquity ; transgression, — 6. In laic, a mistake in pleading 
or in judgment. A writ of error is a writ founded on an 
alledged error in judgment, wliich carries the suit to 
another tribunal for redress. 

ER^ROR, V. t. To determine a judgment of court to be er- 
roneous, [JVot well authorized.] 

•ERS, or Bitter Vetch, n. A plant, 

ERSE, n. The language of the descendants of the Gaels or 
Celts, in the highlands of Scotland. 

ERSH, or EARSH, n. The stubble after corn is cut, 

ERST, a£?u. [Sax, ffiresf.] I, First; at first; at the beginning. 
2. Once ; formerly ; long ago. 3. Before ; till then or 
now ; hitherto ; [obsolete, except in poetry.] 

t ERST'WHILE, adv. Till then or now ; formeriy. 

iSR-U-BES'CENCB, n. [L. erubescens, erubesco, from rulsn, 
to be red.] A becoming red ; redness of the skin or sm-- 
face of anv thing ; a blushing. 

ER-U-BES'CENT, a. Red, or reddish ; blushing, 

E-RUCT', I V. t. [L, eructo.] To belch ; to eject from 

E-RU€T'ATE, \ the stomach, as wind. [Little used.] 

E-RU€-Ta'TI0N, n. [L. eructatio.] 1. The act of belching 
wind from the stomach ; a belch. 2. A violent bursting 
forth or ejection of wind or other matter from the earth. 
Woodvard. 

*ER'U-DiTE, a. [L. eruditus.] Instructed; taught; learn- 
ed. Chesterfield. 

ER-U-DI"TION, n. Learning ; knowledge gained by study, 
or from books and instruction ; particularly, learning in 
literature, as distinct from the sciences. 

E-Ru'GIN-OUS, a. [L. wruginosus.] Partaking of the sub- 
stance or nature of copper, or the rust of copper ; resem- 
bling rust. 

t E-RUPT', V. i. To burst forth. 

E-RUP'TION, n. [L. eruptio.] 1. The act of breaking or 
bursting forth from inclosure or confinement ; a violent 
emission of any thing, particularly of flames and lava from 
a volcano, 2, A sudden or violent mshing forth of men 
or troopF for invasion ; sudden excursion. 3. A burst of 
voice; violent exclamation. — 4. In medical science, a 
breaking out of humors ; a copious excretion of humors ou 
the skin, in pustules. 

E-RUP'TIVE, a. I. Bursting forth. 2. Attended tvitll 
eruptions or efflorescence, or producing it. 

E-RYN'GO, n. [Gr. vpvyyiov.] The sea-holly, ertjngiwm. 

ER-Y-SIP'E-LAS, n. [Gr. tpvaintXas .] A disease called St 
Anthomfs fire ; an eruption of a fiery acrid humor, on 
some part of the body, but chiefly on the face. 

ER-Y-SI-PEL'A-TOUS, a. Eruptive ; resembling ei^sipe- 
las, or partaking of its nature. 

ES-€A-LaDE', 71. [Fr.] In the military art, a fmious attack 
made by troops on a fortified place, in which ladders are 
used to pass a ditch, or mount a rampart. 

ES-CA-LaDE', v. t. To scale ; to mount and pass or enter 
by means of ladders. Life of Wellington. 

ES-CAL'OP, (skol lup) or SCOL'LOP, n, [D. schulp.] 1. A 



• Sed Synopsis MCVE, BQQK, DOVE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J j S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH aia in this, f Obsolete. 



ESC 



308 



ESS 



fkraily of bivalvular shell-fish. 2. A regular curving inden- 
ture in the margin of any thing. See Scallop and Scollop. 

ES-€A-PaDE', 71. [Fr.] Tlie fling of a horse. 

E-S€aPE', v. t. [Fr. echapper.] 1. To flee from and avoid ; 
to get out of the way j to shun ; to obtain security from ; 
to pass without harm. 2. To pass unobserved j to evade. 
3. To avoid the danger of. 

E-SeAPE', V. i. 1. To flee, shun and be secure from danger j 
to avoid an evil. 2. To be passed without harm. 

E-S€aPE', n. 1. Flight to shun danger or injury; the act 
of fleeing from danger. 2. A being passed without re- 
ceiving injury. 3. Excuse ; subterfuge ; evasion.— 4. In 
law, an evasion of legal restraint or the custody of the 
sherifi", without due course of law. 5. Sally ; flight ; ir- 
regularity. 6. Oversight ; mistake. 

E-SCaPE'MENT, n. That part of a clock or watch, which 
regulates its movements. 

E-S€aP'ER, n. One who gets out of danger. 

E-S€aP'ING, ppr. Fleeing from and avoiding danger or 
evil ; being passed unobserved or unhurt ; shunning ; 
evading ; securing safety ; quitting the custody of the law, 
without warrant. 

E-S€aP'ING, n. Avoidance of danger. Ezra ix. 

ES-CaR'GA-TOIRE, 71. [Fr.] A nursery of snails. 

ES-OABP', V. t. [Fr. escarper.l To slope ; to form a slope ; 
a military term. Carleton. 

ES-€ARFMENT, n. A slope ; a steep declivity. 

ES-CHA-LoT^, (shal-loteO n. [Fr. echalotc] A species of 
small onion or garlic, belonging to the genus allium. 

ES'CHAR, n. [Gr. eaxapa.] 1. In surgery, the crust or scab 
occasioned by burns of caustic applications. 2. A species 
of coralline, 

ES-€HA-ROT'I€, a. Caustic ; having the power of searing 
or destroying the flesh. 

ES-€HA-ROT'I€, n. A caustic application. Coxe. 

ES-CHeAT', n. [Fr. echeoir.] 1. Any land or tenements 
which casually fall or revert to the lord within his manor, 
through failure of heirs. — 2. In the United States, the fall- 
ing or passing of lands and tenements to the state, through 
failure of heirs or forfeiture, or in cases where no owner 
is found. 3. The place or circuit within which the king 
or lord is entitled to escheats. 4. A writ to recover es- 
cheats from the person in possession. 5. The lands which 
fall to the lord or state by escheat. — 6. In Scots law, 
the forfeiture incurred by a man's being denounced a 
rebel._ 

ES-CHeAT', v. i. 1. In England, to revert, as land, to the 
lord of a manor, by means of the extinction of the blood 
of the tenant. — 2. In America, to fall or come, as land, to 
the state, through failure of heirs or owners, or by forfeit- 
ure for treason. 

tES-CHEAT', v.t. To forfeit. Bp. Hall. 

ES-CHeAT'A-BLE, a. Liable to escheat. 

ES-CHeAT'A6E, n. The right of succeeding to an escheat. 

ES-CHeAT'ED, pp. Having fallen to the lord through 
want of heirs, or to the state for want of an owner, or by 
forfeiture. 

ES-CHeAT'ING, ppr. Revelling to the lord through failure 
of heirs, or to the state for want of an owner, or by for- 
feiture. 

ES-CHeAT'OR, n. An ofiicer who observes the escheats 
of the king in the county whereof he is escheator. 

ES-CHEW, V. t. [Norm, eschever.l To flee from ; to shun ; 
to avoid. [J\rearly obs.'] 

ES-CHEW'ED, (es-chewdi) pp. Shunned ; avoided. 

ES-CHEW'ING, ppr. Shunning; avoiding. 

ES-€o'CHEON, w. [Fr.] The shield of the family. 

ES'€ORT, n. [Fr. escorte.] A guard ; a body of armed men 
which attends an officer, or baggage, provisions or mu- 
nitions conveyed by land from place to place, to protect 
them. — This word is rarely, and never properly, used for 
naval protection or protectors ; the latter we call a con- 
voy. 

ES-OORT', V. t. To attend and guard by land. 

ES-eORT'ED, pp. Attended and guarded by land. 

ES-€ORT'ING, ppr. Attending and guarding by land. 

ES-€OT' See Scot. 

ES-€OU-aDE'. See Squad. 

ES-€0UT'. See Scout. 

tES-€RIPT, 71. [Fr. escript.] A writing; a schedule. 
Cockeram. 

ES-€RI-T0IR', Ces-kre-twor') n. [Sp. escritorio ; Fr. ecri- 
toire.] A box with instruments and conveniences for 
writing. It is often pronounced scrutoir. 

ES'ORoW, 71. [Fr. ecrou.] In law, a deed of lands or tene- 
ments delivered to a third person, to hold till some condi- 
tion is performed by the grantee. 

ES'€U-A6E, 71. [from Fr. ecu.] In feudal law, service of 
the shield, called also scutage ; a species of tenure by 
knight service, by which a tenant was bound to follow 
his lord to war : afterwards exchanged for a pecuniary 
satisfaction 

ES-€U-La'PI-AN, a. [from ^sculapius.] Medical ; per- 
taining to the healing art. Young. 



ES'€U-LENT, a. [L. esculentus.] Eatable ; that is nr may 
be used by man for food. 

ES'€U-LENT, n. Something that is eatable. 

ES-€U'RI-AL, 71. The palace of the king of Spain. The 
Escurial is a famous monastery built by Philip II. in the 
shape of a gridiron, in honor of St. Laurence. 

ES-€UTCH'EON, n. [Fr. ecusson.] The shield on which 
a coat of arms is represented ; the shield of a family ; the 
picture of ensigns armorial. 

ES-€UTCH'EONED, a. Having a coat of arms or ensign. 

ESH, n. Ash. Craven dialed. 

ESH'LAR, n [Fr echeler.] Ashlar; stones walled in 
course by scale Craven dialect. 

t ES-LOIN', V. t. [Fr. eloigner.'] To remove. 

E-SOPH-A-GOT'0-MY, n. [L. esophagus, and Gr. ToyLTj.'] 
In surgery, the operation of making an incision into the 
esophagus, for the purpose of removing any foreign sub- 
stance. 

E-SOPH'A-GUS, n. [Gr. oiGOipayo^.] The gullet ; the canal 
through which food and drink pass to the stomach. 

E-So'Pl-AN, a. [from ^sop.] Pertaining to iEsop. 

ES-0-TER'I€, a. [Gr. ftrwrepos.] Private ; an epithet ap 
plied to the private instructions and doctrines of Pythago- 
ras ; opposed to exoteric, or public. 

E-SOT'ER-Y, n. Mystery ; secrecy. [Little tised.] 

ES-PAL'IER, 71. [Fr. espalier.] A row of trees planted 
about a garden or in hedges. 

ES-PAL'IER, V. t. To form an espalier. 

ES-PIR'CET, n. A kind of sainfoin. Mortimer. 

E-SPE"CIAL, a. [Fr. special.] Principal ; chief; particulai 

E.SPE"CIAL-LY, adv. Principally ; chiefly ; particularly : 
in an uncommon degree. 

E-SPE"CIAL-NESS, n. The state of being especial. 

t ES'PE-RANCE, n. [Fr.] Hope. Shak. 

E-SPl'AL, n. A spy; the act of espying. Elyot. 

E-SPi'ER, n. One who watches like a spy. Harmar. 

ES'PI-NEL, 71. A kind of ruby. See Spinel. 

ES'PI-0-NA6E, n. [Fr.] The practice or employment of 
spies ; the practice of watching others without being sus- 
pected, and giving intelligence of discoveries made. 

ES-PLA-NaDE', n. [Fr.] 1. In fortification, the glacis of 
the counterscarp, or the sloping of the parapet of the cov- 
ered-way towards the country ; or the void space between 
the glacis of a citadel and the first houses of the town.— 
2. In gardening, a grass-plat. 

E-SPOUS'AL, a. Used in or relating to the act of espousing 
or betrothing. Bacon, 

E-SPOUS'AL, n, 1. The act of espousing or betrothing. 2 
Adoption ; protection. 

E-SPOUS'ALS, 71. plu. The act of contracting or affian- 
cing a man and woman to each other ; a contract or mu- 
tual promise of marriage. 

E-SPOUSE', v. t. [Fr. epouser,] 1. To betroth. 2. To be- 
troth ; to promise or engage in marriage, by contract in 
writing, or by some pledge. 3. To marry ; to wed. 4. 
To unite intimately or indissolubly. 5. To embrace ; to 
take to one's self, with a view to maintain. 

E-SPOUS'ED, (e-spowzd') pp. Betrothed ; affianced ; prom- 
ised in marriage by contract ; married ; united intimately ; 
embraced. 

E-SPOUS'ER, 71. One who espouses. 

E-SPOUS'ING, ppr. Betrothing ; marrying ; uniting indis- 
solubly ; taking part in. 

E-SPy', v. t. [Fr. epier, espier.] 1. To see at a distance ; 
to have the first sight of a thing remote. 2. To see or 
discover something intended to be hid. 3. To discover 
unexpectedly. 4. To inspect narrowly ; to examine and 
make discoveries. 

E-SP^', V, i. To look narrowly ; to look about ; to watch. 

E-SPY'^ n, A spy ; a scout. 

E-SClUlRE', n. [Fr. ecuyer.] Properly, a shield-bearer or 
armor-bearer, scutifer ; an attendant on a knight. Hence, 
in modern times, a title of dignity next in degree below a 
knight. In the United States, the title is given to public 
officers of all degrees, from governors down to justices 
and attorneys. Indeed the title, in addressing letters, is 
bestowed on any person at pleasure, and is merely an ex- 
pression of respect. 

E-SaUiRE', V. t. To attend ; to wait on. 

ES-SaY', v.t. [Fr. essayer.] 1. To try; to attempt; to 
endeavor ; to exert one's power. 2. To make experi- 
ment of. 3. To try the value and purity of metals. «ee 
Assay, 

ESSaY, n. 1. A trial; attempt; endeavor; an effort 
made, or exertion of body or mind, for the performance 
of any thing. — 2. In literature, a composition intended to 
prove or illustrate a particular subject. 3. A trial or ex- 
periment. 4. Trial or experiment to prove the qualities 
of a metal. [See Assay.] 5. First taste of any thing. 

ES-SaY'ED, (es-sade') pp. Attempted ; tried. 

ES-SaY'ER, n. One who writes essays. Addison. 

ES-SaY'ING, ppr. Trying ; making an effort. 

* ES-SaY'IST, 71, A writer of an essay, or of essays. 



* See Synopsis 5 E, I, 0, tj, Y, long.—FKVi. FALL, WHAT ;~-PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete 



EST 



309 



ETE 



ES SENCE, n. [L. essentia ; Fr. essence.] 1. That which 
constitutes the particular nature of a being or substance, 
or of a genus, and which distinguishes it from all others. 
2. Formal existence ; that which makes any thing to be 
what it is 5 or, rather, the peculiar nature of a thing ; the 
very substance. 3. Existence j the quality of being. 4. 
A being ; an existent person. 5. Species of being. 6. 
Constituent substance. 7. The predominant qualities or 
virtues of any plant or drug, extracted, refined or rectified 
from grosser matter ; 01, more strictly, a volatile essential 
oil. 8. Perfume, odor, scent j or the volatile matter con- 
stituting perfume. 

ES'SENCE, V. t. To perfume ; to scent. 

ES'SENCED, pp. Perfumed. Addison. 

ES-SeNES', 71. Among the Jews, a sect remarkable for 
their strictness and abstinence. 

ES-SEN'TIAL, a. [L. essentialis.] 1. Necessary to the 
constitution or existence of a thing. 2. Important in the 
highest degree. 3. Pure,; highly rectified, 

ES-SEN'TIAL, n. 1. Existence 3 being ; [little usedt] 2. 
First or constituent principles. 3. The chief point ; that 
which is most important. 

ES-SEN-TI-AL'I-TY, n. The quality of being essential ; 
first or constituent principles. Sioift. 

ES-SEN'TIAL-LY, adv. 1. By the constitution of nature 3 
in essence. 2. In an important degree. 

t ES-SEN'TIAL-NESS, n. The state or quality of being 
essential. Ld^ Digby. 

ES-KEN'TIATE, v. i. To become of the same essence. 

ES-SEN'TIATE, v. t. To form the essence or being of. 

ES-SOIN', 11. [Old Fr. exonier, essonier.] 1. An excuse ; 
the alledging of an excuse for him who is summoned to 
appear in court. 2. Exemption. 3. He that is excused 
for non-appearance in court, at the day appointed. 

ES-SOIN', V. t. To allow an excuse for non-appearance in 
court ; to excuse for absence. Cowcl. 

ES-SOIN'ER, 71. An attorney who sufliciently excuses the 
absence of another. 

E-STAB'LISH, v. t. [Fr. etablir.] 1. To set and fix firmly 
or unalterably ; to settle permanently. 2. To found per- 
manently ; to erect and fix or settle. 3. To enact or de- 
cree by authority and for permanence 3 to ordain 3 to ap- 
point. 4. To settle or fix 3 to confirm. 5. To make firm ; 
to confirm 3 to ratify. 6. To settle or fix what is waver- 
ing, doubtful or weak 3 to confirm. 7. To confirm 3 to 
fulfill 3 to make good. 8. To set up in the place of an- 
other, and confirm. 

E-STAB'LISHED, pp. Set 3 fixed firmly 3 founded ; ordain- 
ed 3 enacted ; ratified 3 confirmed. 

E-STAB'LISH-ER, n. He who establishes or confirms. 

E-STAB'LISH-ING, ppr. Fixing ; settling permanently 3 
founding; ratifying 3 confirming; ordaining. 

E-STAB'LISH-MENT, n. [Fr. etablissement.] 1. The act 
of establishing. 2. Settlement ; fixed state. 3. Confir- 
mation ; ratification. 4. Settled regulation ; form ; ordi- 
nance ; system of laws 3 constitution of government. 5. 
Fixed or stated allowance for subsistence ; income 3 sal- 
ary. 6. That which is fixed or established 3 as a perma- 
nent military force, a fixed garrison, a local government, 
an agency, a factory, &c. 7. The episcopal form of reli- 
gion, so called in England. 8. Settlement or final rest. 

ES-TA-FET', n. [Sp. estafcta.] A military courier. 

E-STaTE', n. [Fr. etat.] 1. In a general sense, fixedness 3 
a fixed condition 3 now generally written and pronounced 
state. 2. Condition or circumstances of any person or 
thing, whether high or low. 3. Rank 3 quality.— 4. In law, 
the interest, or quantity of interest, a man has in lands, 
tenements, or other effects. 5. Fortune 3 possessions 3 
property in general. 6. The general business or interest 
of government 3 a political body 3 a commonwealth 5 a 
republic. [See State.] — Estates, in the plural. 1. Domin- 
ions 3 possessions of a prince. 2. Orders or classes of men 
in society or government. 

E-STaTE', v. t. 1. To settle as a fortune. Shak. 2. To 
establish ; {little used."] 

E-STaT'ED, pp. or a. Possessing an estate. Swift. 

E-STEEM, v.t. [Fr. estimer.'] 1. To set a value on, 
whether high or low; to estimate; to value. 2. To 
prize ; to set a high value on ; to regard with reverence, 
respect or friendship. 3. To hold in opinion 3 to repute 3 
to think. 4. To compare in value 3 to estimate by pro- 
portion. 

E-STEEM', v. i. To consider as to value. Spenser. 

E-STEEM', 71. 1. Estimation 3 opinion or judgment jf merit 
or demerit. 2. High value or estimation 3 grea regard 3 
favorable opinion. 

E-STEEM'A-BLE, a. Worthy of esteem 3 estimable. 

E-STEEM'ED, (e-steemd') pp. Valued 5 estimated 3 highly 
valued ; thought ; held in opinion. 

E-STEEM'ER, n. One who esteems. Locke. 

E-STEEM'ING, ppr. Valuing ; estimating ; valuing highly ; 
prizing ; thinking ; deeming. 

ES'TI-MA-BLE, a. [Fr>l 1. That is capable of being esti- 
mated or valued. 2. Valuable ; worth a great price. 3. 



Worthy of esteem or respect ; deserving our good opiniott 
or regard. 

ES'TI-MA-BLE, n. That which is worthy of regard. 

ES'TI-MA-BLE-NESS, 71. Thequality of deserving esteem. 

ES'TI-MATE, V. t. [L. cestimo.] 1. To judge and form an 
opinion of the value of; to rate by judgment. 2. To 
compute ; to calculate ; to reckon. 

ES'TI-xMATE, 71. 1. A valuing or rating in the mind ; a 
judgment or opinion of the value, degree, extent or quan 
tity of any thing. 2. Value. Shak. 

ES'TI-MA-TED, pp. Valued 3 rated in judgment. 

ES'TI-MA-TING, ppr. Valuing 5 rating 3 forming an opin- 
ion or judgment of the value, extent, quantity or degree 
of worth of any object 3 calculating 5 computing. 

ES-TI-MA'TION, n. [L. cestimatio.] 1. The act of estima- 
ting. 2. Calculation 5 computation 3 an opinion or judg- 
ment of any thing. 3. Esteem 5 regard 3 favorable opin- 
ion 3 honor. 

ES'TI-MA-TlVE, a. 1. Having the power of comparing 
and adjusting the worth or preference 3 [little used.} 2. 
Imaginative. 

ES'TI-MA-TOR, n. One who estimates or values. 

ES'TI-VAL, a. [L. astivus.] Pertaining to summer. 

ES'TI-VATE, V. i. To pass the summer. 

ES-TI-Va'T10N, 71.- [L. (Bstivatio.] 1. The act of passing 
the summer. — 2. In botany, the disposition of the petal3 
within the floral gem or bud. 

ES-TOP', V. t. [Fr. etouper.] In law, to impede or bar, by 
one's own act. 

ES-TOP'PED, (e-stopf) pp. Hindered 3 barred. 

ES-TOP'PING, ppr. Impeding ; barring by one's own act, 

ES-TOP'PEL, n. In laic, a stop; a plea in bar, grounded 
on a man's own act or deed, which estops or precludes 
himfrom averring any thing to the contrary. 

ES-To'VERS, 71. [Norm, estoffer.] In law, necessaries, 01 
supplies ; a reasonable allowance out of lands or goods for 
the use of a tenant. 

ES-TRaDE', n. [Fr.l An even or level place. Diet. 

ES-TRaNgE', v. t. [Fr. ctr anger.} 1 To keep at a dis- 
tance ; to witlidraw ; to cease to frequent and be familiar 
with. 2. To alienate ; to divert from its original use or 
possessor. 3. To alienate, as the affections ; to turn from 
kindness to indifference or malevolence. 4. To with- 
draw ; to withhold. 

ES-*rRANG'ED, (e-stranjd') pp. Withdrawn 3 alienated. 

ES-TRaNG'ED-NESS, 71. The state of being estranged, 
Prynne. 

ES-TRaN6E'MENT, 7?., Alienation ; a keeping at a dis- 
tance ; removal ; voluntary abstraction. 

ES-TRaNG'ING, ppr. Alienating ; withdrawing ; keeping 
at or removing to a distance. 

ES-TRA-PaDE', 7). [Yr.strapjwdo.] The deffense of a horse 
that will not obey, and which, to get rid of his rider, rises 
before and yerks furiously with his hind legs. 

ES-TRAY', V. i. To stray. See Stray. 

ES-TRaY', n. [Norm, estr ay er.} A tame beast, as a horse, 
ox or sheep, which is found wandering or without an 
owner See Stray. 

ES-TRkAT', 71. [Norm, estraite.} In law, a true copy of 
an original writing. 

ES-TReAT', v. i. To extract ; to copy. Blackstone. 

ES-TReAT'ED, pp. Extracted ; copied. 

ES-TRePE'MENT, n. [Norm, estreper.} In law, spoil j 
waste ; a stripping of land by a tenant, to the prejudice 
of the owner. 

ES'TRICH, n. The ostrich, which see. 

t ES'TU-ANCE, 71. [L. mstus.} Heat. Brown. 

ES'TU-A-RY, 71. [L, (Bstuarium.} 1. An arm of the sea ; a 
frith 3 a narrow passage, or the mouth of a river or lake, 
where the tide meets the current, or flows and ebbs. 2. 
A vapor-bath. 

ES'TU-ATE, V. i. [L. cestuo.} To boil 5 to swell and rage j 
to be agitated. 

ES-TU-A'TION, n. A boiling 3 agitation. Brown. 

t EST-URE', 71. [L. cestuo.} Violence ; commotion. 

E-StJ'RI-ENT, a. [L. esuriens.} Inclined to eat ; hungry. 

ES'U-RINE, a. Eating ; corroding. [Little used.} 

ET C^T'E-RA, and the contraction etc., denote the rest, 
or others of the kind ; and so on ; and so forth, 

ETCH, V. t. [G. etzen.} 1. To make prints on copper-plate 
by means of lines or strokes first drawn, and then eaten 
or corroded by nitric acid. 2. To sketch ; to delineate j 
[not in use.l^Locke. 

ETCH, V. i. To practice etching. 

ETCH, or ED'DISH, n. Ground from which a crop has 
been taken. Mortimer. 

ETCH'ED, (etcht) pp. Marked and corroded by nitric acid. 

ETCH'ING, ppr. Marking or making prints with nitric 
acid. 

ETCH'ING, 71. The impression taken from an etched cop- 
per-plate. 

ET-E-OS'TI€, 71. [Gr. eteos and «rri;)^of .] A chronogram- 
matical composition. B. Jonson. 

t E-TERN', a. Eternal ; perpetual ; endless. Shak. 



* See Synopm. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL. UN ITE.— C as K -, 6 as J j S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



ETW 



310 



EUR 



E TER'NAL, a. [Fr. eternel ; 'L. aternus.'] 1. Without be- 
ginning or end of existence. 2. Without beginning of 
existence. 3. Without end of existence or duration ; 
everlasting ; endless ; immortal. 4. Perpetual ; cease- 
less ; continued without intermission. 5. Unchangeable ; 
existing at all tunes without change. 

E-TEil'i\ALj n. An appellation of God. Milton. 

E-l'SE-NAL-IST, n. One wlio holds the past existence of 
the world to be infinite. Burnet. 

\ E-TER'NAL-iZE, v. t. To make eternal ; to give endless 
duration to. [We now use eternize.'] 

E TER'NAL-LY, ado. 1. Without beginning or end of du- 
ration, or without end only. ;:'. Unchangeably ; invaria- 
bly ; at all tjmes. 3. Perpetually ; without intermission. 

E TER'NI-FY, v. t. To make iamons ; to hnmortalize. 

E TER'JSfl-TY, n. [L. ceternitas.-] I>aration or continuance 
without beginning or end. 

e TER'NIZE, V. t. [Fr. eternise.'] 1. To make endless. 2. 
To continue the existence or duration of indefinitely ; to 
perpetuate. 3. To make forever famous ; to immortalize. 

£-TER'i\iZED, rp- i^ade endless ; immortalized. 

E-TER'NTZ-ING, pvr. Giving endless duration to. 

E-TE'SIAN, (e-t5'znan) a. [\.. etesius.] Stated; blowmgat 
stated times of the year; periodical. Encyc. 

I eTHE, a. Easy. Chaucer. 

t E'THEL, a. iSIobie. 

K'THER, 71. [L. atther.] 1. A thin, subtil matter, much 
finer and rarer than air, which, some philosophers sup- 
pose, begins from the limits of the atmosphere, and occu- 
pies the heavenly space. J'Tswton.—^. la. chemistry, a very 
light, volatile and inflammable fluid, produced by the dis- 
tillation of alcohol or rectified spirit of wine, with an acid. 

E-THe'RE-AE, G. 1. Formed of ether ; containing or filled 
with ether. 2. Heavenly ; celestial. 3. Consisting of 
ether or spirit. 

E-THe'RE-AL-iZS, v. t. To convert into ether, or into a 
very subtil fluid. 

E-THeRE-AL-IZED, pp. Converted into ether. 

E-THE'RE-OUS, a. Formed of ether ; heavenly. Milton. 

E'THER-lZE, V. t. To convert into ether. Med. Rep. 

E'THiER-iZED, pp. Converted into ether. 

E'THER-lZ-ING, ppr. Converting into ether. 

ETH'ie, I a. [L. ethicus.] Relating to manners or 

ETH'I-€AL, \ morals ; treating of morality ; delivermg 
precepts of morality. 

ETH'1-€AL-LY, adv. According to the doctrines of morality. 

ETH'ICS, n. 1. The doctrines of morality ; the science of 
moral philosophy. 2. A system of moral principles ; a 

_ system of rules for regulating the actions of men. 

E THI-OP, n. A native of Ethiopia ; a blackamoor. Shak. 

E'THI-OPS MaR'TIAL. Black oxyd of iron. 

E'THI-OPS MIN'ER-AL. A combination of mercury and 
sulphur. 

ETH'MOID, I a. [Gr. 176/^0? and eiSos.] Resembling a 

ETH-MOID'AL, \ sieve. 

ETH'MOID, n. A bone at the top of the root of the nose. 

ETH'NIC, I a. [L. ethnicus.] 1. Heathen ; pagan ; per- 

ETH'Nf=€AL, ) taining to the gentiles or nations not 
converted to Christianity. 2. Relating to the races or 
classes of mankind. 

ETH'NIC, n. A heathen ; a pagan. 

ETH'NI-CISM, n. Heathenism ; paganism ; idolatry. 

ETH-NO-GRAPH'I-CAL, a. [Gr. edvog and ypa<pu).] Re- 
lating to a description of nations, or races of mankind. 

ETH-N0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. eOvos and \oyos.] A treatise on 
nations. 

ETH-O-LOG'I-eAL, a. Treating of ethics. 

E-THOL'O-GIST, n. One who writes on morality. 

E-TH0L'0-6Y, 71. [Gr. £0o?, or >?9oj, and Xoyoj.] A treatise 
on morality, or the science of ethics. 

E'TIO-LATE, V. i. [Gr. aidu).] To become white or whiter ; 
to be whitened. 

E'TIO-LATE, V. t. To blanch ; to whiten by excluding the 
sun's ravs. 

E'TIO-LA-TED, pp. Blanched ; whitened by excluding the 
_ sun's rays. 

E'TIO-L A-TING, ppr. Blanching ; whitening by excluding 
the sun's rays. 

E-TIO-La'TION, n. The operation of being whitened, or 
of becoming white, by excluding the light of the sun. 

E-TI0-L0G'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to etiology. Jlrbuthnot. 

E-TT-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. aina and Aoyo?.] An account of 
the causes of any thing, particularly of diseases. 

ET-f-Q.UET', (et-e-kef) 71. [Fr. etiquette.'] Forms of cer- 
emony or decorum ; the forms which are observed to- 
wards particular persons, or in particular places. 
STITE, n. TGr. atroi.] Eaglestone. 
ET-Ne'AN, a. [from ^t7?a.] Pertaining to Etna. 
fET'TIN, n. A giant. Beaumont. 
I ET'TLE, V. t. To earn. Boucher. 

It W^E^*"^^'^ I "• ^^'' ^*"^'^ ^ '^'^^^ ^^^ pocket instru- 
ET-WEE''-€XSE, ) ™®°*^- 



t ET-Y-M0L'0-6ER, n. An etymologist, Griffith. 

ET-Y-M0-L06'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to etymology or the 
derivation of words ; according to or by means of ety- 
mology. 

El'-Y-MO-LOG'I-eAL-LY, adv. According to etymology. 

ET-Y-M0L'0-6IST, n. One versed in etymology ; one who 
searches into the original of words. 

ET-Y-M0L'0-6lZE, v. i. To search into the origin of 
words ; to deduce words from their simple roots. 

ET-Y-M0L'0-6Y, 71. [Gr. ervyLOs and Aoyoj.] 1. That part 
of philology which explains the origin and derivation of 
words. — In grammar, etymology comprehends the various 
inflections and modifications of words. 2. The deduc- 
tion of words from their originals ; the' analysis of ccm- 
pound words into their primitives. 

ET'Y-MON, 71. [Gr. £Ti)^oj/.] An original root ir primitive 
word. 

EtJ'CHA-RIST, n. [Gr. £u%apt«7rta.] 1. The sacrament of 
the Lord's supper. 2. The act of giving thanks. 

EU-€HA-RIS'Ti€, \ a. 1. Containing expressions of 

EU-€HA-RIS'TI-€AL, \ thanks. 2. Pertaining to the 
Lord's supper. 

EU-€HLo'RI€ GAS. The samb ^ euchlorine. Davy. 

EU-CHLo'RINE, 71. In chemistry, protoxyd of chlorine. 

EU-€HOL'0-GY, n. [Gr. evxo'>^oyiov.] A formulary of 
prayers ; the Greek ritual. 

Eu'€HY-MY, 71. [Gr. evxvjxia.} A good state of the blood 
and other fluids of the body. 

EU-€HY-SID'ER-ITE, n. A mineral. 

Eu'CLASE, n. A mineral, a species of emerald. 

Eu'CRA-SY, n. [Gr. ev and Kpaais.] In medicine, such a 
due or well proportioned mixture of qualities in bodies, as 
tends to constitute health or soundness. 

Eu€'TI-CAL, a. Containing acts of thanksgiving. Made. 

EU'DI-AL-YTE, 72. A mineral of a brownish-red color. 

EU-DI-OM'E-TER, 71'. [Gr. evSios, ev, 6ios and nerpov.] An 
instrument for ascertaining the purity of the air. 

EU-DI-0-MET'RI€, ) a. Pertaining to a eudiometer ; 

EU-DI-0-MET'RI-€AL, ] performed or ascertained by a 
eudiometer. 

EU-DI-OM'E-TRY, n. The art or practice of ascertaining 
the purity of the air by the eudiometer. 

t EtJ'GE, n. Applause. Hammond. 

EUGH, n. A tree. See Yew. 

EU-HAR-MON'I€, a. [Gr. £v, and harmonic.'] Producing 
harmony or concordant sounds. 

EU-KAI'RITE, n. [Gr. evKaipos.] Cupreous seleniuret of 
silver, a mineral of a shining lead-gray color. 

EU-L0G'I-€AL ( **• Containing praise ; commendatory. 

EU-L06'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a manner which conveys en- 
comium or praise. 

Eu LO-GIST, n. One wlio praises and commends another. 

EU-Lo'6l-UM, n. A eulogy. 

Eu'LO-GiZE, V. t. To praise ; to speak or write in com- 
mendation of another ; to extol. 

Eu'LO-GlZED, pp. Praised; commended. 

Eu'L0-6lZ-ING, pfr. Writing or speaking in praise of. 

Eu'L0-6Y, n. [Gr. tv\oyia.] Praise ; encomium ; pan • 
egyric ; a speech or writing in commendation of a person. 

Eu'NO-MY, 71. |Gr. evvoyia.] Equal law, or a well adjust- 
ed constitution of government. Mitford. 

Eu'NUCH, n. [Gr. tvvov)(ps.] A male of the human species 
castrated. 

t Eu'NUCH, V. t. To make a eunuch. Creech. 

EU'NUCH-ATE, v. t. To make a eunuoh ; to castrate. 

Eu'NU€H-ISM, 71. The state of being a eunuch. 

EU-ON'Y-MUS, 71. [L.] A shrub c&Ued spindle-tree. 

EU'PA-THY, n. [Gr. evnaeeia.] Right feeling. Harris. 

Eu'PA-TO-RY, 71. [L. eupatorium.] The hemp agrimo- 
ny. 

EU-PEP'SY, 71. [Gr £vireTJ,ia.] Good concoction in the 
stomach ; good digestion. 

EU-PEP'TI€, a. Having good digestion. 

EU'PHE-MISM, 71. [Gr. EvfrjixiciJiOi.] A representation 
of good qualities ; particularly, in r-hetoric, a figure by 
which a delicate word or expression is substituted for one 
which is offensive. 

EU-PHON'ie, ) a. Agreeable in sound ; pleasing to the 

EU-PHON'I-€AL, ( ear. 

Eu'PHO-NY, 71. [Gr. eu^wvia.] An agreeable sound ; an 
easy, smooth enunciation of sounds. 

EU-PHOR'BI-A, 71. [Gr. tv(pop^t.a.] In 'botany, spurge, or 
bastard spurge, a genus of plants of many species. 

EU-PHOR'BI-UM, 71. [L.] In materia medica, a gummi- 
resinous substance, exuding from an oriental tree. 

Eu'PHO-TIDE, 71. A name given by the French to the ag- 
gregate of diallage and saussurite. 

EtJ'PHRA-SY, n. Eyebright, a genus of plants. 

EU-Ri'PUS, 71. [Gr. svpiiros.] A strait ; a narrow tract cf 
water. 



* Se<j Synopsis, A, E, 1, 0, tj, "?, long.—FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD j— f Obsolete 



EVA 



311 



EVE 



EORITE, n. The white stone [weiss stein] of Werner. 

EU-ROC'LY-DON, n. [Gr. evpos and /cAv^wj;,] A tempestu- 
ous wind, wliich drove ashore, on Malta, the ship in 
which St. Paul was sailing to Italy. 

EU'ROPE, ji. The great quarter of the earth that lies be- 
tween the Atlantic ocean and Asia, and between the 
Mediterranean sea and the North sea. 

EU-RO-Pe'AN, a. Pertaining to Europe. 

ECJ-B,0-Pe'AN, 71. A native of Europe. 

EtJ'RUS, n. [L.J The east wind. 

EC'RYTH-MY, n. [Gr. ev and pvOnos.] In architecture, 
painting and sculpture, ease, majesty and elegance of the 
parts df a body, arising from just proportions. 

EIJ-Se'BI-AN,tc. An Arian, so called from Eusebius. 

EU'STI^LE, n. [Gr. ev and gtvXos.] In architecture, a sort 
of building in which the columns are placed at the most 
convenient distances from each other. 

fEU'TAX-Y, n. [Gr. evra^ca.] Established order. Water- 
house. 

EtJ'THA-NA-SY, or EU-THAN'A-SY, n. [Gr. evOavaffia ; 
L. euthanasia,] An easy death. 

EU-TY€H'I-AN, n. A follower of Eutychius. 

EU-TY€H'I-AN, a. Denoting the heretics called Eutychi- 
ans. Tdlotson. 

EU-TY€H'I-AN-ISM, n. The doctrines of Eutychius, who 
denied the two natures of Christ. 

t E-Va'€ATE, v. t. [L. vaco>] To empty. Harvey. 

E-Vi\.€'U-ANT, a. [L. evacuaiis.] Emptying ; freeing from. 

E-VA€'U-ANT, n. A medicine which procures evacua- 
tions, or promotes the natural secretions and excretions. 

,E-VA€'U-ATE, V. «. {li. evacuo.] 1. To make empty ; to 
free from any thing contained. 2. 1 o throw out ; to eject ; 
to void ; to discharge. 3. To empty ; to free from con- 
tents. 4. To quit 3 to withdraw from a place. 5. To 
make void ; to nullify. 

E-VA€'U-A-TED, pp. Emptied ; cleared ; freed from the 
contents ; quitted, as by an army or garrison ; ejected ; 
discharged ; vacated. 

E-VA€'D-A-TING, ppr. Emptying ; making void or va- 
cant ; witl) drawing from. 

E-VA€--U-A'TION, n. 1. The act of emptying or clearing 
of the contents ; the act of withdrawing from, as an army 
or garrison. 2. Discharges by stool or otlier natural 
means ; a diminution of the fluids of an animal body. o. 
Abolition ; nullification. 

E-VA€'fJ-A-TlVE, a. That evacuates. 

E-VA€'U-A-TOR, n. One that makes void. Hamviovd. 

E-VaDE', ?,'. f. [h. evado.] ]. To avoid by dexterity. 2. 
To avoid or escape by artifice or stratagem ; to slip away ; 
to elude. 3. To elude by subterfuge, sophistry, address 
or ingenuity. 4. To escape as imperceptible. 

E-VaDE', v. i. 1. To escape ; to slip away. 2. To attempt 
to escape ; to practice artifice or sophistry for the purpose 
of eluding. 

E-VaD'kD, pp. Avoided ; eluded. 

E-VaD'ING, ppr. Escaping ; avoiding ; eluding ; slipping 
away from danger, pursuit or attack. 

EV-A-Ga'TION, n. [L. eimgatio.] The act of wandering j 
excursion ; a roving or rambling. 

fE'VAL, a. [L. csvum.] Relating to time or duration. 

EV-A-NES'CENCE, n. [L. evanescens.] 1. A vanishing ; 
a gradual departure from sight or possession. 2. The 
state of being liable to vanish. 

EV-A-NESfCENT, a. Vanishing ; subject to vanishing ; 
fleeting ; passing away ; liable to dissipation. 

t E-VAN'GEL, n. [L. evangeliwrn.] The gospel. Chaucer. 

t EV-AN-GE'LI-AN, a. Rendering thanks for favors. 

E-VAN-6EL'ie, ) a. [Low L. evangelicus.] 1. Ac- 

E-VAN-<jEL'I-€AL, ) cording to the gospel ; consonant 
to the doctrines and precepts of the gospel. 2. Contained 
in the gospel. 3. Sound in the doctrines of the gospel ; 
orthodox. 

E-VAN-6EL'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a manner according to the 
gospel. 

E-VAN'6E-LISM, n. The promulgation of the gospel. 

E-VAN'6EL-IST, n. 1. A writer of the history of our 
blessed Savior, Jesus Christ. 2. A preacher of the gospel 
licensed to preach, but not having charge of a particular 
church. 

E-VAN'GE-LIST-A-RY, n. A selection of passages from 
the Gospels, as a lesson in divine service. 

EV-AN-GEL-I-Za'TION, n. The act of evangelizing. 

E-VAN'GEL-iZE, v. t. [Low L. evangelito.] To instruct in 
the gospel ; to preach the gospel to, and convert to a belief 
of the gospel. 

E-VAN'GEL-IZB, v. i. To preach the gospel. 

E-VAN'GEL-iZED, pp. Instructed in the gospel ; converted 
to a belief of the gospel, or to Christianity. 

E-VAN'GBL-iZ-ING, ppr. Instructing in the doctrines and 
precepts of the gospel ; converting to Christianity. 

t E-VAN'6EL-Y, 71. Good tidings ; the gospel. Spenser. 

E-VAN'ID, a. [L. evanidus.] Faint ; weak ; evanescent ; 
liable to vanish or disappear. Bacon. 



E-VAN'ISH, V. i. [L. evanesco.] To vanish ; to disappear j 
to escape from sight or perception. 

E-VAN'ISH -MENT, n. A vanishing ; disappearance. 

E-VAP'0-RA-BLE, a. That may be converted into vapor ; 
that may be dissipated by evaporation. 

E-VAP'O-RATE, v. i. [L. evaporo.} 1. To pass off in va- 
por, as a fluid ; to escape and be dissipated. 2. To escape 
or pass off without efiect ; to be dissipated ; to be Wasted 

E-VAP'O-RATE, v. t. 1. To convert or resolve a fluid into 
vapor, which is specifically lighter than the air ; to dissi- 
pate in fumes, steam, or minute particles. 2. To givfi 
vent to ; to pour out in words or sound. 

E-VAFO-RATE, a. Dispersed in vapors. 

E-VAP'0-RA-TED, pp. Converted into vapor or steam 
and dissipated ; dissipated in insensible particles, as a 
fluid. 

F -VAP'0-RA-TING, ppr. Resolving into vapor. 

E-VAP-0-Ra'TION, n. 1. The conversion of a fluid into 
vapor. 2. The act of flying off" in fumes ; vent ; dis- 
charge. — 3. In pharmacy, the operation of drawing off a 
portion of a fluid in steam, that the remainder may be of 
a greater consistence, or more concentrated. 

E-VAP-O-ROM'E-TER, n. [L. evaporo, and Gr perpov.'] 
An instrument for ascertaining the quantity of a fluid 
evaporated in a given time ; an atmometer. 

E-Va'SION, t? . [L. evasio.] The act of eluding or avoiding ; 
excuse ; subterfuge ; equivocation ; artifice to elude ; 
shift. 

E-Va'SIVE, a. 1. Using evasion or artifice to avoid 3 elu- 
sive ; shuffling ; equivocating, 2. Containing evasion ; 
artfully contrived to elude a question, charge or argu- 
ment. 

E-Va'SIVE-LY, adv. By evasion or subterfuge ; elusively j 
in a manner to avoid a direct reply or a charge. 

E-Va'SIVE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being evasive 

EVE, n. The consort of Adam, and mother of the human 
race j so called by Adam, because she was the mother of 
all living. 

E-VE€'TiON, n. [L. eveho.] A carrying out or away 5 also, 
a lifting or extolling ; exaltation. Pearson. 

E'VEN, (5'vn) or EVE, n. [Sax. mfen, efen.J 1. The de- 
cline of the sun 5 the latter part or close of the day, and 
beginning of the night. Shat. 2. Eve is used also for the 

_ fast or the evening before a holiday. Johnson. 

E'VEN-SONG, n. 1. A song for the evening 3 a form of 

_ worship for the evening. 2. The evening. 

E'VEN-TlDE, »i. [e«e?i, andSaX. ft<Z.] The time of evening j 

_ evening. Tit-is word is nearly obsolete, 

E'VEN, (e'vn) a. [Sax. efenj Ji.even.] 1. Level; smooth; 
of an equal surface ; flat ; not rough or Waving. 2. Uni- 
form ; equal ; calm 3 not easily rufiied or disturbed, ele- 
vated or depressed. 3. Level with ; parallel to. 4. Not 
leaning. 5. Equally favorable ; on a level in advantage ; 
fair. C. Owing nothing on either side 3 having accounts 
balanced. 7. Settled ; balanced. 8. Equal. 9. Capable 
of being divided into equal parts, without a remainder. 

E'VEN, (e 'vn) v. t. 1. To make even or level ; to level ; to 
lay smooth. 2. To place in an equal state, as to obhga- 
tion, or in a state in which nothing is due on either side ; 
to balance accounts. 

f_r:'Vr.N, V. i. To be equal to. Carew. 

E'VEN, (e'vu) adv. 1. Noting a level or equality; or, em- 
phatically, a like manner or degree. 2. Noting equality 
or sameness of time ; hence, emphatically, the very time. 
3. Noting, emphatically, identity of person. 4. Likewise ; 
in like manner. 5. So much as. 6. Noting the applica- 
tion of something to that which is less probably included 
in the phrase ; or bringing something within a description, 
whioh is unexpected. 

t f:-VeNE', ». i. [L. e«»e7tio.] To happen. Hevyyt. 

fi'VENED, pp. Made even or level. 

e'VEN-ER, n. One that makes even. 

E'VEIV-HAND, n. Equality. Bacon. 

i^'.'VEN-HAND-ED, a. Impartial; equitable; just. Shak. 

E'VEN-ING, n. 1. The latter part and close of the day, and 
the beginning of darkness or night; properly, the decline 
or falPof the day, or of the sun. 2. The decline or latter 
part of life. 3. Tlie decline of any thine 

E'VEN-ING, a. Being at the close of day. 

e'VEN-ING-HYMN, ) 71. A hymn or song to be sung at 

E'VEN-ING-SONG, \ evening. 

E'VEN-ING-STAR, 71. Hesperus, or Vesper ; Venus, when 
visible in the evening. 

E'VEN-LY, (e'vn-ly) adv. 1. With an even, level or 
smooth surface ; without roughness. 2. Equally 3 uni- 
formly 3 in an equipoise. 3. In a level position 3 hori- 
zontally. 4. Impartially; without bias from favor or 
enmity. 

JE'VEN-NESS, 71. 1. The state of being even, level or 
smooth 3 equality of surface. 2. Uniformity 3 regularity 
3. Freedom from inclination to either side ; equal dis- 
tance from either extreme. 4. Horizontal position 3 level- 
ness of surface. 5. Impartiality between parties 3 equal 
respect. 6. Calmness ; equality of temper ; freedom from 



See Synopsis MOVE, BQQK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CHas SH ^ TH asin this, f Obsolete, 



EVI 



312 



EVO 



perturbatiou , a state of mind not subject to elevation or 

depression ; equanimity. 

E-VENT', n. [L. eventus.] 1 That wliicb comes, arrives 
or liappens ; tJiat wbicb falls out ; any incident, good or 
bad. 2. The consequence of any thing ; the issue ; con- 
c'usion ; end ; that in which an action, operation or series 
or operations terminates. 

T E-VENT', V. i. I'o break forth. 

E-VEJVT'ER-ATE, v.t. [Fr. eventrer.] To open the bow- 
els ; to rip open : to disembowel. Brown. 

E-VENT'ER-A-TED, pp. Having the bowels opened. 

E-VENT'ER-A-TIjVG, ppr. Opening the bowels. 

E-VENT'FUL, a. Full of events or incidents ; producing 
iriunerous or great changes, either in public or private 
affairs. 

E-VEN'TT-LATE, v. t. To winnow; to fan ; to discuss. 

E-VEN-TI-La'TION, n. A fanning; discussion. 

&-VENT^U-AL, a. 1. Commg or happening as a conse- 
quence or result of any thing ; consequential. 2. Final ; 
terminating ; ultimate. 

E-VENT'U-AE-Ly, adv. In the event ; in the final issue. 

E-VENT'U-AIE, v. i. To issue ; to come to an end ; to 
c.osc ; to terminate. J. Lloyd. 

E-VENT'U-A-TING, ppr. Issuing; terminating. 

EVER, adv. [Sax. mfre, efre.] 1. At any tune; at any 
period or point of time, past or future. 2. At aU times ; 
always ; continually. — 3. Forever, eternally ; to perpetu- 
ity ; "during everlasting continuance. — 4. Ever and anon, 
at one time and another ; now and then. 5. In any de- 
gree. 6. A word of enforcement or emphasis. 7. In po- 
etry, and sometimes in prose, ever is contracted into e'er. 

EV-ER-BUB'BLING, a. Continually boilmg or bubbling. 
Crashaw. 

EV-ER-BURN'ING, a. Bummg contmually or without in- 
termission ; never extinct. 

EV-ER-DuR'ING, a. Enduring forever. Raleigh. 

EVER-GREEN, a. Always gieen ; verdant throughout the 
year. 

EVER-GREEN, n. A plant that retains its verdure through 
all the seasons. 

EY-ER-HON'ORED, a. Always honored. Pope. 

EV-ER-LAST'ING, a. 1. Lasting or enduring for ever; 
eternal; continuing without end ; unmortal. 2. Perpetu- 
al ; continuing indefinitely, or during the present state of 
things. — 3. In popular usage, endless ; continual ; unin- 
termitted. 

EV-ER-LXST'ING, n. 1. Eternity ; eternal duration, past 
and future. 2. A plant, the gnaphalium ; also, the xer- 
anthemum. 

EV-ER-LAST'ING-LY, adv. EtemaUy ; perpetually ; con- 
tinually. Sicift, 

EV-ER-LAST'ING-NESS, n. Eternity ; endless duration ; 
indefinite duration. ILittle iLsed.] Donne, 

EV-ER-LaST'ING-PeA, n. A plant. 

EV-ER-LrVING, a. 1. Living without end ; eternal ; im- 
mortal ; having eternal existence. 2. Continual ; inces- 
sant ; unintermitted. 

EV-ER-MoRE', adv. 1. Always ; eternally. 2. Always ; 
at all tixnes. 

EV-ER-O'PEN, a. Always open ; never closed. 

EV-ER-PLeAS'ING, a. Always pleasing ; ever giving de- 
light. Sidney. 

t E- VERSE', (e-vers') v>, t. [L. eversv^.] To overthrow or 
subvert. Glanville. 

E-VER'SION, 71. [L. eversio.'] An overthrowing ; destruc- 
tion. Taylor. 

E-VERT'^ V. t. [L. everto.] To overturn ; to overthrow ; 
to destroy. [Little used.] Aylijfe. 

EV-ER-WaK'ING, a. Alwavs awake. 

EV-ER-WATCH'FUL, a. Always watching or vigilant. 

EVER-Y, a. [Old Eng. verich ; Sax. cefre and (bIc] Each 
individual of a whole < illection or aggregate number. 

EV'ER-Y-DaY, a. Use •" or being every day ; common ; 
usual. 

EVER-Y-"\VHERE, adv. In every place ; in all places. 

EV-ER-Y6UNG^, a. Always young or fresh ; not subject 
to old age or decay ; undecaying. 

KVES'-DROP. See Eaves-drop. 

EVES'-DROP-PER, 7i. One who stands under the eaves to 
listen privatelv. See Eaves-dropper. 

tE-VES'TI-GATE, v.t. See Investigate. 

EVET. See Eft. 

t E-Vi'BRATE. See Vibrate. 

E-VICT', V. t. [L. evinco, evictiim.] 1. To dispossess by a 
judicial process, or course of legal proceedings ; to recover 
lands or tenements by law. 2. To take away by sen- 
tence of law. 3. To evince ; to prove ; [not used.] 

E-YICT'ED, pp. Dispossessed by sentence of law ; recov- 
ered by legal process. 

E-VI€T'ING, ppr. Dispossessing by course of law. 

E-VICTION, 71. 1. Dispossession by judicial sentence ; 
the recovery of lands or tenements from another's posses- 
sion by due course of law. 2. Proof; conclusive evi- 
dence. 



EV'I-DENCE, 71. [Fr., from L. evidentia.] 1. That which 
elucidates, and enables the mind to see truth ; proof aris- 
ing from our own perceptions by the senses, or from the 
testimony of others, or from inductions of reason 2. Any 
instrument or writing which contains proof. 3. A wit- 
ness ; one who testifies to a fact. 

EV'I-DENCE, V. t. To elucidate ; to prove ; to make clecir 
to the mind ; to show. 

EV'I-DENCED, pp. Made clear to the mind; proved. 

EV'I-DEN-CING, ppr. Proving clearly ; manifesting. 

EVI-DENT, a. Plain; open to be seen ; clear to the men ■ 
tal eye ; apparent ; manifest. 

EV-I-DEN'TIAL, a. AflTording evidence; clearly proving. 
Scott. 

EVI-DENT-LY, adv. Clearly ; obviously ; plainly ; in a 
manner to be seen and understood ; in a manner to con- 
vince the mind ; certainly ; manifestly. 

E-VI6-I-La'TION, n. [L. evigilatio.] A waking. 

E'VIL, (e'vl) a. [Sax. ej'el, yfel.] 1. Having bad qualities 
of a natural kind ; mischievous ; having qualities which 
tend to injury, or to produce mischief. 2. Having bad 
qualities of a moral kind ; wicked ; cornipt ; perverse ; 
wrong. 3. Unfortunate ; unhappy ; producing sorrow, 

_ distress, injury or calamity. 

E'VIL, 74. 1. Evil is natural or moral. — J\''atural evil ia 
any thing which produces pain, distress, loss or calami- 
ty, or which in any way disturbs the peace, impairs 
the happiness, or destroys the perfection of natural be- 
ings. — Moral evil is any deviation of a moral agent from 
the rules of conduct prescribed to him by God, or by legit- 
imate Imman authority. 2. Misfortune; mischief; in- 
jury. 3. Depravity ; con'uption of heart, or disposition to 
commit wickedness ; malignity. 4. Mfilady ; as the hinges 

_ evil, or scrofula. 

E'VIL, adv. [generally contracted to ill.] 1. Not well; 
not with justice or propriety ; unsuitably. 2. Not virtu- 
ously ; not innocently. 3. Not happily ; unfortunately. 

_ Deut. 4, Injuriously ; not kindly. 

E'VEL-AF-FECT'ED, a. Not well disposed ; unkind. 

E'VIL-DC'ER, n. One who does evil ; one who commita 

_ sin, crime or any moral wrong. 

E'VIL-EyED, a. Looking with an evil eye, or with envy, 

_ jealousy or bad design. 

E'VIL-Fa'VORED, a. Having a bad countenance or exter- 
nal appearance ; ill-favored. 

E'VIL-Fa'VORED-NESS, 71. Deformity. Deut. 

E'VIL-LY, adv. Not well. -[Little used.) Bp. Taylor. 

E'VIL-MlI\^D'ED, a. Having evil dispositions or intentions ; 
disposed to mischief or sin ; malicious ; malignant ; 

_ wicked. 

E'VIL-NESS, 71. Badness ; \iciousness ; malignity. 

E'VIL-SPeAK'ING, 71. Slander; defamation; calumny; 
censoriousness. 

E'VIL-W7SH'ING, a. Wishing harm to. Sidney. 

E'VIL-WoRK'ER, 71. One who does wickedness. 

E-VINCE', (e-vins') v. t. [L. evinco.] 1. To show in a 
clear manner; to prove beyoi>d any reasonable doubt; to 
manifest ; to make evident. 2. To' conquer ; [not in use.] 

E-VINCE', V. i. To prove. Bp. Hall. 

E-VIN'CED, (e-vinsf) pp. Made evident ; proved. 

E-VIN'CI-BLE, a. Capable of proof; demonstrable. 

E-AT:N'CI-BLY, adv. In a manner to force conviction. 

E-VIN CIVE, a. Tending to prove ; having the power to 
demonstrate. 

fE'VI-RATE, or EVI-RATE, v. t. [L. eviratus.] To 
emasculate. 

EV-I-Ra'TION, n. Castration. Cockeram. 

E-VIS'CER-ATE, v. t. [L. eviscero.] To embowel or dis- 
embowel ; to take out the entrails ; to search the bowels. 

E-VIS CER-A-TED, pp. Deprived of the bowels. 

E-VIS'CER-A-TING, ppr. Disemboweling. 

EV'I-TA-BLE, a. [L. evitaUlis.] That may be shunned , 
avoidable. [Littleused.] Hooker. 

EVI-TATE, V. t. [L. evito.] To shun; to avoid; to 
escape. [Little tised.] Shak. 

EV-I-Ta TION, 77. An avoiding ; a shunning. Bacon. 

t E-VlTE', V. t. [L. evito.] To shun. Drayton. 

EV-I-TER'NAL, a. [L. (Bviternus.] Eternal in a limited 
sense ; of duration not infinitely but indefinitelv long. 

EV-I-TER'NI-TY, 71. Duration not infinitely but indefi- 
nitely long. 

EV'O-CATE, or E-VoKE', v. t. [L. evoro.] 1. To call 
forth. 2. To call from one tribunal to another ; to remove. 

EV-O-Ca'TION, 71. A callmg forth ; a calling from one tri- 
bunal tp another. 

EV-0-La'TION, n. [L. evolo.] The act of flying away 
Bp. Hall. 

EVO-LUTE, 71. An original curve from which another 
curve is described ; the origin of the evolvent. 

EV-0-LU'TION, n. fL. evohitio.] 1. The act of unfold- 
ing. 9. A series of things unrolled or unfolded. 3. Jn 
geometry, the unfolding or opening of a curve, and maK- 
ing it describe an evolvent. — 4. In algebra, evolution is 
the extraction of roots from powers ; the reverse of invo- 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, ?, long.— FiLR, FALL, WHAT-;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



EXA 



313 



EXA 



tution.r-5. In military tactics, the doubling of ranks or 
files, wheeling, countermarching, or other motion by 
which the disposition of troops is changed. 

Ji-VOLVE', (e-volv') v. t. [L. evolvo.] 1. To unfold; to 
open and expand. 2. To throw out ; to emit. 

i:-VOLVE', v.i. To open itself; to disclose itself, 

E-VOLVED, (e-volvd') pp. Unfolded ; opened ; expanded ; 
emitted. 

E-VOLV'ENT, n. In geometry, a curve formed by the evo- 
lution of another curve. 

E-VOLV'ING, ppr Unfolding; expanding; emitting. 

EV-0-Ml'''TION, 71. A vomiting. Swift. 

E-VUL'GATE, v. t. [L. emdgo.] To spread abroad. 

tEV-UL-GATI0N,7i. A divulging. 

E-VUL'SION, 7u [Ij. evulsio.] The act of plucking or pull- 
ing out by force. Brown. 

EWE, (yu) n. [Sax. eotca, eotoe.] A female sheep ; the fe- 
male of the ovine race of animals. 

EVVER, (yu'er) 7i. [Sax. huer, or hwer.] A kind of pitcher, 
used to bring water for washing the hands. 

EVV'RY, (yu'ry) n. In England, an office in the king's 
household, where they take care of the linen for the 
king's table, lay the cloth, and serve up water in ewers 
after dinner. 

EX. A Latin preposition or prefix, Greek £^ or ek, signifying 
out of, out, proceeding from. Hence, in composition, it 
signifies sometimes out of, as in exclude ; sometimes off, 
from or out, as in L. excindo, to cut off or out ; sometimes 
beyond, as in excess, excel. In some words it is merely 
emphatical ; in others it has little effect on the significa- 
tion. 

* EX-A-CERB'ATE, v. t. [L. exacerbo.] 1. To irritate ; to 
exasperate ; to inflame angry passions ; to imbitter ; to in- 
crease malignant qualities. 2. To iwcrease the violence 
of a disease. 

EX-AC-ER-Ba'TION, 71. 1. The act of exasperating ; the 
irritation of angry or malignant passions or qualities ; in- 
crease of malignity. — ^2. Among physicians, the increased 
violence of a disease ; a paroxysm. 3. Increased severity. 

EX-AC-ER-BES'CENCE, 71. [L. exacerbesco.] Increase of 
irritation or violence of a fever or disease. 

EX-AC-ER-Va'TION, 71. I'L.acervus.] The act of heapmg 
up. Diet. 

EX-A€T', (egz-akf) a. [L. exactus.] 1. Closely correct or 
regular ; nice ; accurate ; conformed to rule. 2. Precise ; 
not different in the least. 3. Methodical ; carefHl ; not 
negligent ; correct ; observing strict method, rule or order. 
4. Punctual. 5. Strict. 

EX- ACT, (egz-akt') v. t. [L. exigo, exactiim.] 1. To 
force or compel to pay or yield ; to demand or require au- 
thoritatively ; to extort by means of authority. 2. To de- 
mand of right. 3. To demand of necessity ; to enforce a 
yielding or compliance ; or to enjoin with pressing ur- 
gency. 

EX-A€T', V. i. To practice extortion. 

EX-ACT'ED, pp. Demanded by authority ; extorted. 

EX-AGT'ING, ppr. Demanding and compelluig ; requiring 
authoritatively; extorting; compelling by necessity. 

EX-A€'TION, n. 1. The act of demanding with authority, 
and compelling to pay or yield ; authoritative demand ; a 
levying or drawing from by force ; a driving to compli- 
ance. 2. Extortion ; a wresting from one unjustly. 3. 
That which is exacted ; tribute, fees, rewards or contribu- 
tions demanded or levied with severity or injustice. 

EX-A€T'I-TUDE, n. Exactness. [Little used.] 

EX-ACT'LY, adv. I. Precisely according to rule or meas- 
ure ; nicely ; accurately. 2. Precisely according to fact. 
3. Precisely according to principle, justice or right. 

EX-A€T'NE3S, n. 1. Accuracy ; nicety ; precision. 2. 
Regularity ; careful conformity to law or rules of proprie- 
ty. 3. Careful observance of method and conformitv to 
truth. 

EX-A€T'OR, n. 1. One who exacts ; an officer who collects 
tribute, taxes or customs. 2. An extortioner ; one who 
compels another to pay more than is legal or reasonable. 
3. He that demands by authority. 4. One who is unrea- 
sonablv severe in his demands. Tillotson. 
EX-A€T'RES3, n. A female who exacts. B. Jonson. 

t EX-A€'U-ATE, v. t. [L. exacuo.] To Avhet or sharpen. 

EX-A€-U-A'TION, ?!. Whetting or sharpenmg. Cockeram. 

EX-AG'6ER-ATE, v. t. [L. exaggero.] 1. To heap on ; 
to accumulate. 2. To heighten ; to enlarge beyorid the 
truth ; to amplify ; to represent as greater than strict truth 
will warrant. — 3. In painting, to heighten in coloring or 
design. 
EX-AG'6ER-A-TED, pp. Enlarged beyond the truth. 
EX-AG'6ER-A-TING, ppr. Enlarging or amplifying be- 
yond the truth. 
EX-AG-GER-A'TION, n. 1. A heaping together; heap; 
accumulation ; [little u,sed.] — 'H. In rhetoric, amplifica- 
tion ; a representation of things beyond the truth ; hyper- 
bolical representation, whether of good or evil. — 3. In 
paint'inff, a method of giving a representation of things 
too strong for the life. 



EX-AG'GER-A-TO-R,Y, a. Containing exaggeration - 

t EX-AG'I-TATE, r. t. [L. exao-ito.] To shake; to agitate; 

to reproach. Arbuthnot. 
EX-ALT', (egz-olf) v. t. [Fr. exalter.] 1. To raise high , 
to elevate. 2. To elevate in power, wealth, rank or dig 
nity. 3. To elevate with joy or confidence. 4. To raise 
with pride ; to make undue pretensions to power, rank or 
estimation ; to elevate too high, or above others. 5. To el- 
evate in estimation and praise ; to magnify ; to praise ; to 
extol. 6. To raise, as the voice ; to raise in opposition. 
7. To elevate in diction or sentiment; to make srblime. 
— 8. In physics, to e\e\3.X.e; to purify ; to subtilize; to re- 
fine. 
EX-AL-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of raising high. 2. Ele- 
vation to power, office, rank, dignity or excellence. 3. 
Elevated state ; state of greatness or dignity. — 4. In phar- 
macy, the refinement or subtilization of bodies or their 
qualities and virtues, or the increase of their strength. — 
5. In astrology, the dignity of a planet in which its pow- 
ers are increased. 

EX-ALT'ED, pp. and a. Raised to a lofty height ; ele/ated ; 
honored with office or rank ; extolled ; magnified ; refin- 
ed ; dignified ; sublime. 

EX-ALT'ED-NESS, 71. 1, The state of being elevated. 
2. Conceited dignity or greatness. 

EX-AIiT'ER, 77. One who exalts or raises to dignity. 

EX-AlT'ING, ppr. Elevating ; raising to an eminent sta- 
tion ; praising; extolling; magnifying; refining. 

EX-A'M£N, (egz-a'men) n. [L. examen.] Examination; 
disquisition ; inquiiy. [Little used.] Brown. 

EX-AM'IN-A-BLE, a. That may be examined ; proper for 
judicial examination or inquiry. 

EX-AM'I-NANT, 7i. One who is to be examined. 

EX-AM'I-NATE, 7i. The person examined. Bacon. 

EX-AM-I-Na'TION, 7*. [L. examinatio.] 1. The act of 
examining ; a careful search or inquiry, with a view to 
discover truth or the rea> state of things ; careful and ac- 
curate inspection of a thing and its parts. 2. Mental in- 
quiry ; disquisition ; careful consideration of the circum- 
stances or facts which relate to a subject or question. 3. 
Trial by a rule or law. — 4. In judicial proceedings, a care- 
ful inquiry into facts by testimony.— 5. In seminaries of 
learning, an inquiry into the acquisitions of the students. 
— 6. In chemistry and other sciences, a searching for the 
rature and qualities of substances by experiments. 

fEX-AM'I-NA-TOIl, 7!. An examiner. Brown. 

EX-AM'iNE, (egz-am'in) v. t. [L. examine.] 1. To in- 
spect carefully, with a view to discover truth or the leal 
state of a thing. 2. To search or inquire into facts and 
circumstances by interrogating. 3. To look into the state 
of a subject; to view in all its aspects; to weigh aigii- 
ments and compare facts, with a view to form a correct 
opinion or judgment. 4. To inquire into the improve- 
ments or qualifications of students, by interrogatories, 
proposing problems, or bj' hearing their recitals. 5. To 
try or assay by experiments. 6. To try by a rule or law. 
7. /;i general, to search ; to scrutinize ; to explore, with a 
view to discover truth. 

EX-AMTNED, pp. Inquired into ; searched ; inspected ; 
interrogated ; tried by experiment. 

EX-AM'IN-ER, n. 1. One who examines, tries or inspects ; 
one who interrogates a witness or an offender. — 2. In 
chancery, in Great Britain, the examiners are two offi- 
cers of tliat court, who examine, on oath, the witnesses 
for the parties. 

EX-AM'IN-ING, ppr. Inspecting carefully ; searching or 
inquiring into ; interrogating ; trying or assaying by ex- 
periment. 

EX'AM-PLA-RY, a. Serving for example ; proposed for 
imitation. [It is now written exemplary.] Hooker. 

EX-Aai'PLE, (egz-am'pl) n. [L. exemplum.] 1. A pat- 
tern ; a copy ; a model ; that which is proposed to be imi- 
tated. 2. A pattern, in morals or manners; a copy or 
model. 3. Precedent; a former instance. 4. Precedent 
or former instance, in a bad sense, intended for caistion. 
5. A person fit to be proposed for a pattern ; one whose 
conduct is worthy of imitation. 6. Precedent which dis- 
poses to imitation. 7. Instance serving for illustration of a 
rule or precept ; or a particular case or proposition illustrat- 
ing a general rule, position or truth. — 8. In logic or rheto- 
ric, the conclusion of one singular point from another ; an 
induction of what may happen from what has happened. 

t EX-AM'PLE, V. t. To exemplify ; to set an example. 

t EX-AM'PLE-LESS, a. Having no example. B. Johnson. 

EX-AM'PLER, 71. A pattern ; now sample or sampler. 

t EX-AN'GUI-OUS, a. Having no blood. See Exsanguious. 

EX-AN'I-MATE, (egz-an'e-mate) a. [L. exanimatus.] 
Lifeless ; spiritless ; disheartened ; depressed in spirits 

EX-AN'I-MATE, v. t. To dishearten ; to discourage. 

EX-AN-I-Ma'TION, n. Deprivation of life or of spirits. 

EX-AJV'I-MOUS, a. [L. exanimis.] Lifeless; dead. 

EX-AN'THE-MA, 71. ; pZtt. Exanthem'ata. Among ;>57/ 
sicians, eruption ; a breaking cut ; pustules, petechias o»- 
vibices ; any efflorescence on the skin. 



• Ses Sijnopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



EXC 



314 



EXC 



KX-AN-THE-MAT'IGj ) a. Eruptive ; efflorescent ; not- 

EX- AN-THEJM' A-TOUS, j ing morbid redness of the skiu. 

t EX-ANT'LATE, v. t [L. exantlo.] To draw out. 

fEX-ANT-LA'TION, n. The act of drawing out. 

EX-AR-A'TION, 71. [L. exaro.] The act of writuig. 

EX'AE€H, n. [Gr. apX^'S'] A prefect or governor under 
the eastern emperors. Also, a deputy or legate in the 
Greek church. 

EX'AR-€H ATE, n. The office, dignity or administration of 
an exarch. Taylor. 

EX-AR-Tie-U-LA'TION, n. Dislocation of a joint. 

EX-XS'PER-ATE, v. t. [L. exaspero.] 1. To anger ; to 
irritate to a high degree ; to provoke to rage ; to enrage ; to 
excite anger, or to inflame it to an extreme degree. 2. To 
aggravate ; to tmbitter. 3. To augment violence ; to in- 
crease malignity ; to exacerbate. 

EX-aS'PER-ATE, a. Provoked ; imbittered ; inflamed. 

EX-AS PER-A-TED, pj?. Highly angered or irritated ; pro- 
voked ; enraged ; imbittered. 

EX-AS'PER-A-TER, n. One who exasperates or inflames 
anger, enmitv or violence. 

EX-aS'PER-A-TING, ppr. Exciting keen resentment j 
irtiamiiig anger ; irritating ; increasing violence. 

EX-aS-PER-a'TION, n. 1. Irritation 5 the act of exciting 
V ioient auger ; provocation. 2. Extreme degree of anger ; 
violent passion. 3. Increase of violence or malignity ; 

EX-AU€'T0-RATE, I V. t. [L. exauctoro.l To dismiss 

EX-AU'THO-RATE, \ from service ; to deprive of a 
benefice. 

EX-AU€-TO-Ra'TION, ) 71. Dismission from service ; de- 

EX-AU-THO-Ra'TiON, ) privation ; degradation. 

EX-AU'THO-RiZE, v. t. To deprive of authority. 

EX-€AL'CE-A-TEI), a. [L. excalceo.] Deprived of shoes ; 
unshod ; barefooted. 

EX-€AN-DES'CENCE, 71. [L. excandescentia.] 1. A grow- 
ing hot j or a white heat ; glowing heat. 2. Heat of 
passion 5 violent anger ; or a growing angry. 

EX-€AN-DES'CENT, a. White with heat. 

EX-€AN-TA'TION, n. [L. excanto,] Disenchantment by 
a countercharm. [Little iised.] 

EX-€AR'NATE, v. t. [L. ex and caro.'] To deprive or clear 
ofrlesh. Grew. 

EX-eAR-NI-FI-€A'TION, n. [L. excarnijico.] The act 
of cutting off fles>h, or of depriving of flesh. 

EX€A-VATE, v. t. [L. excavo.] To hollow; to cut, 
scoop, dig or wear out the inner part of any thing, and 
make it hollow. 

EX'eA-VA-TED, pp. Hollowed ; made hollow. 

BX'€A-YA-TING, ppr. Makmg hollow. 

EX-€A-Va'TION, n. 1. The act of making hollow. 2. A 
hollow or a cavity formed by removing the interior sub- 
stance. 

EX'eA-VA-TOR, 71. One who excavates. 

t EX-€aVE', v. t. To hoUow. Cockeram. 

t EX'CE-€ATE, v. t. [L. excsco.] To make blind. 

EX-CE-Ca'TION, n. The act of making blind. 

EX-Ce'DENT, n. Excess. [JVbt authorized.] 

EX-CEED', v. t. [L. exccdo.] 1. To pass or go beyond; to 
proceed beyond any given or supposed limit, measure or 
quantity, or beyond any thing else. 2. To surpass ; to 
excel. 

EX-CEED', V. i. 1. To go too far ; to pass the proper bounds ; 
to go over any given limit, number or measure. 2. To 
bear the greater proportion ; to be more or larger. 

EX-CEED' A-BLE, a. That may sunnount or exceed. 

EX-CEED'ED, pj?. Excelled; surpassed; outdone. 

EX-CEED'ERj n. One who exceeds or passes the bounds of 
fitness. Montagu. 

EX-CEED'ING, ppr. 1. Going beyond ; surpassing ; excel- 
ling ; outdoing. 2. a. Great in extent, quantity or dura- 
tion. 3. adv.~In a very great degree ; unusually. 

EX-CEEDING, n. Excess ; superfluity. Smollett. 

EX-CEED'ING-LY, adv. To a very great degree ; in a de- 
gree bevond what is usual ; greatly ; very much. 

tEX-CEED'ING-NESS, n. Greatness in quantity, extent, 

- or duration. 

EX-CEL', V. t. [L. excello.] 1. To go beyond ; to exceed ; 
to surpass in good qualities or laudable deeds ; to outdo. 
2 To exceed or go beyond in bad qualities or deeds. 3. 
To cx-.-^ed ; to surpass. 

EX-CEL', V. i. To have good qualities, or to perform meri- 
torious actions, in an unusual degree'; to be eminent, il- 
lustrious or distinguished. 

EX-CELLED, (ek-seld') pp. Surpassed ; outdone, 

EX CEL-LENCE, ) n. [Fr. ; L. excellentia.] 1. The state of 

EXCEL-LEN-CY, i possessing good qualities in an un- 
usual or eminent degree ; the state of excelling in any 
thing. 2. Any valuable quality ; any thing higlily 
laudable, meritorious or virtuous, in peisons, or valuable 
and esteemed, in things. 3. Dignity ; high rank in the 
scale of beings. 4. A title of honor formerly given to 
kings and emperors, now given to embassadors, govern- 
ors, and other persons, below the rank of kings. 



EX'CEL-EENT, a. 1. Being of great virtue or worth enrt' 

nent or distinguished for what is amiable, valuable or laud- 
able. 2. Being of great value or use, applUed to things ; 
remarkable for good proi)erties. 3. Distinguished for su- 
perior attainments. 4. Consummate; complete. 
EX'CEL-LENT-LY, adv. In an excellent manner; well 

m a high degree ; in an eminent degree. 
EX-CEPT', V. t. [Fr. excepter.] 1. T« take or leave out of 
any number specified ; to exclude. 2. To take or leave out 
any particular or particulars, from a general description 
EX-CEPT', V. i. To object ; to make objection. 
EX-CEPT', pp. [contracted from excepted.] Taken out ; not 
included. All were involved in this aflair, except one, 
that is, one excepted, tlie case absolute, or independent 
clause. It is equivalent to without, unless, and denotes 
exclusion. — Except and excepting are commonly, though 
incorrectly, classed among prepositions. 
EX-CEPTih.D,pp. See Except. 

EX-CEPT'IjVG, ;;]?r. 1. Taking or leaving out; excluding 
2. This word is also used in the sense of except, as above 
explained. The prisoners were all condemned, excepting 
three. 
EX-CEFTION, 11. 1. The act of excepting, or excluding 
from a number designated, or from a description ; exclu- 
sion. 2. Exclusion from what is comprehended in a gen- 
eral rule or proposition. 3. That which is excepted, ex- 
cluded, or separated from others in a general description , 
the person or thmg specified as distinct or not included. 
4. An objection ; that which is or may be offered in oppo- 
sition to a rule, proposition, statement or allegation ; with 
to. 5. Objection with dislike ; offense ; slight anger or 
resentment.— 6. In law, the denial of what is alledged and 
considered as valid by the other party, either in point of 
law or in pleading. 7. A saving clause in a writing.— 
Bill of exceptions, in law, is a statement of exceptions to 
evidence. 
EX-CEP'TIOX-A-BLE, a. Liable to objection. 
EX-CEP'TION-ER, n. One who makes objections. Mlton 
EX-CEP'TIOaS, a. Peevish ; disposed or apt to cavil. 
EX-CEP'TIOUS-NESS, n. Disposition to cavil. 
EX-CEPT'IVE, a. 1. Including an exception. Watts. 2 

Making or being an exception. Milton. 
tEX-CEPT'LESS, a. Omitting all exception. Shak. 
EX-CEPT'OR, 71. One who objects, or makes exceptions. 
EX-CERX', V. t. [L. excerno.] To separate and emit 
through the pores, or through small passages of the body ; 
to strain out ; to excrete. 
EX-CERN'ED, (ek-sernd') pp. Separated ; excreted ; emit- 
ted through the capillary vessels of the body. 
EX-CERN'ING,pjjr. Emitting through the small passages; 

excreting. 
EX-CERP', ?•. t. [L. excerpo.] To pick out. [Little used.'] 
t EX-CERPT', V. t. [L. excerpo.] To select. Barnard. 
EX-CERP'TION, 71. [L. excerptio.] 1. A picking out; a 

gleaniiiir ; selection. 2. That which is selected. 
EX-CERF'TOR, 72. A picker ; a culler. Barnard. 
EX-CERPTS', 7(. Extracts from authors. [A bad word.] 
EX-CESS', 7i. [L. excessu^.] 1. Superfluity ; that which is 
beyond necessity or wants. 2. That which is beyond 
tlie common measure, proportion, or due quantity, 3. Su- 
perabundance of any thing. 4. Any transgression of due 
limits. — 5. In morals, any indulgence of appetite, passion 
or exertion, beyond the rules of God's word, or beyond 
any rule of propriety ; intemperance. — 6. In arithmetic 
and geometry, the difference between any two unequEil 
numbers or quantities. 
EX-CESS'IVE, a. 1. Beyond any given degree, measure or 
lunit, or bej ond the common measure or proportion. 2. 
Beyond the established laws of morality and religion, or 
beyond the bounds of justice, fitness, propriety, expedi- 
ence or utility. 3. Extravagant ; unreasonable. 4. Ve- 
hement ; violent. 
EX-CESS'IVE-LY, adv. 1. In an extreme degree; beyond 

measure ; exceedingly, 2. Vehemently ; violently. 
EX-CESS'IVE-jS'ESS, n. The state or quality of being ex- 
cessive ; excess. 
EX-CHaN6E', v.t. [Fr. echanger.] 1. In commerce, to 
give one thing or commodity for another ; to barter. 2, 
To lay aside, quit or resign one thing, state or condition, 
and take another in the place of it. 3. To give and re- 
ceive reciprocally : to give and receive in compensation 
the same thing, 4. To give and receive the like thing. 
EX-CHaN6E', ;i. ]. In commerce, the act of giving one 
thing or commodity for another ; barter ; traffick by per- 
mutation, in which the thing received is supposed to be 
equivalent to the thing given. 2. The act of giving up or 
resigning one thing or state for another, without contract. 
3. The act of giving and receiving reciprocally. 4. The 
contract by which one commodity is transferred to another 
for an equivalent commodity. 5. The thing given in re- 
turn for something received, or the thing received in re- 
turn for what is given. 6. The form of exchanging one 
debt or credit for another ; or the receiving or paying of 
money in one place, for an equal sum in another, by order, 



* See Sipiopsis. 5, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAB., FALL, WH^T j— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



EXC 



315 



EXC 



draft or bill of exchange. — 7. In mercantile langtuige, 
a bill drawn for money is called exchange, instead of a bill 
of exchange. 8. The course of exchange is the current 
price between two places, which is above or below par, 
or at par.— 9. In laic, a mutual grant of equal interests, 
the one in consideration of the other. 10. The place 
where the merchants, brokers and bankers of a city meet 
lo transact business, at certain hours ; often contracted 
into change. 

EX-CHaNSE-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or state of be- 
ing exchangeable. Washington. 

EX-€HaN6E'A-BLE, a. That may be exchanged ; capable, 
fit, orproper to be exchanged. .Marshall. 

EX-CHAiV6'EI), (ex-chanjd') pp. Given or received for 
something else ; bartered. 

EI\:-CHaXO'ER, 71. One who exchanges ; one who practices 
excliange 

EX-CHaN6'ING, ppr. Giving and receiving one commod- 
ity for another j giving and receiving mutually ; laying 
aside or relinquishmg one thing or state for another. 

EX-CHEa'UER, (ex-chek'er) 7!. [Fr. echiquier.] In Eng- 
land, an ancient court of record, intended principally 
to collect and superintend the king's debts and duties or 
revenues. — Exchequer Mils, in England, bills for money, 
or promissory bills, issued from the exchequer. 

GX-CHEQ.'UER, v. t. To institute a process against a per- 
son in the court of exchequer. Pegge. 

EX-ClS'A-BLE, a. Liable or subject to excise. 

EX-ClSE', n. [L. excisum.^ An inland duty or impost, 
laid on commodities consumed, or on the retail, which is 
thej^ast stage before consumption. 

EX-CiSE', V. t. To lay or impose a duty on articles con- 
sumed. 

EX-CiS'ED, (ek-sizd') pp. Charged with the duty of excise. 

EX-ClSE'M.AN^, n. An officer who inspects commodities, 
andjates the excise duty on them. Johnson. 

EX-ClS'ING, ppr. Imposing the duty of excise. 

EX-CIS'ION, 71. [L. excisio^ I. In surgery, a cutting out or 
cutting off any part of the body ; amputation. 2. The cut- 
ting offofa person from his people; extirpation; destruction. 

EX-CI-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being capable of 
excitement; susceptibility of increased vital action. 

EX-ClT'A-BLE, a. Capable of being excited. 

EX-ClT'ANT, n. That which produces or may produce in- 
creased action in a living body ; a stimulant. 

tEX'CI-TATE, 7j. t. To excite. Bacon. 

EX-CI-Ta'TION, 71. The act of exciting or putting in mo- 
tion ; the act of rousing or awakening. 

EX-CIT'A-TlVE, a. Having power to excite. Barrow. 

EX-ClT'A-TO-RY, a. Tending to excite. Miller. 

EX-ClTE', V. t. [L. excito.'] 1. To rouse ; to call into ac- 
tion ; to animate ; to stir up ; to cause to act. 2. To stim- 
ulate ; to give new or increased action to. 3. To raise ; 
to create ; to put in motion. 4. To rouse ; to inflame. 

EX-ClT'ED, pp. Roused ; awakened ; animated ; put in mo- 
tion ; stimulated ; inflamed. 

EX-CiTEMEXT, n. 1. The act of exciting ; stimulation. 
2. The state of being roused into action. 3. Agitation ; 
a state of being roused into action. 4. That which ex- 
cites or rouses ; that which moves, stirs, or induces ac- 
tion ; a motive. Shak. 

EX-CIT'ER, 71. 1. He or that which excites ; he that puts 
ill motion, or the cause which awakeni and moves. — 2. In 
medicine, a stimulant. 

EX-CIT'ING, ppr. Calling or rousing into action ; stimulat- 
ing. 

EX-CIT'ING, n. Excitation. Herbert. 

EX-€LaIM', v. i. [L. exclamo.] 1. To utter the voice 
with vehemence ; to cry out ; to make a loud outcry in 
words. 2. To declare with loud vociferation. 

t EX-€LaIM', 71. Clamor ; outcry. Shak. 

EX-€LaIM'ER, n. One who cries out with vehemence; 
one who speaks with passion or much noise. 

Ea-CLaIM1XG, ppr. Crying out ; vociferating. 

EX-€LA-MaTION, 7). 1. Outcry; noLsy talk; clamor. 2. 
Vehement vociferation. 3. Emphatical utterance; a ve- 
hement extension or elevation of voice ; ecphonesis. 4. 
A note by which emphatical utterance or outcry is mark- 
ed : thus, ! — 5. In grammar, a word expressing outcry ; an 
jnterjection ; a word expressing some passion, as wonder, 
fear or grief. 

EX-CLAM A-TO-RY, a. 1. Using exclamation. 2. Con- 
taininj; or expressing exclamation. 

EX-€LrDE', V. t. [L. excludo.] Properly, to thrust out 
or eject ; but used' as synonymous with preclude. 1. To 
thrust out ; to eject. 2. To hinder from entering or ad- 
mission ; to shut out. 3. To debar ; to hinder from par- 
ticipation or enjoyment. 4. To except. 

EX-€LuD ED, pp. Thrust out ; shut out ; hindered or pro- 
hibited from entrance or admission ; debarred. 

EX-€LuDING, ppr. Ejecting; hindering from entering; 
debarring ; not comprehending. 

EX-€LU SION, n. 1. The act of excluding ; ejection. 2. 
The act of denying admission ; a shutting out. 3. The 



act of debaning. 4. Rejection. 5. Exception. 6. Ejec- 
tion. 

EX-€LtJ'SION-IST, n. One who would preclude another 
from some privilege. Fox. 

EX-CLu'SIVE, a. 1. Having the power of preventing en- 
trance. 2. Debarring from participation; possessed and 
enjoyed to the exclusion of others, 3. Not taking into 
the account ; not including or comprehending. 

EX-€Lu'SIVE-LY, adv. 1. Without admission of others to 
participation: withtlie exclusion of all others. 2. With- 
out comprehension in ; not inclusively. 

EX-€LU'S0-RY, a. Exclusive; excluding; able to ex- 
clude. [Little used.] Walsh. 

t EX-€0€T', V. t. [L. excoctus*] To boil. Bacon. 

EX-€OG'I-TATE, v. t. [L. excogito.] To invent; \o strike 
out by thinking ; to contrive. Hale. 

EX-€06-I-Ta'TI0N, n. Invention ; contrivance ; the act 
of devising in the thoughts. 

EX-€OM'MIS-SA-RY, n. A commissary dismissed from 
office ; one formerly a commissary. 

tEX-€OM-MuNE', "J. «. To exclude. Gayton. 

EX-€OM-Mu'NI-€A-BLE, a. Liable or deserving to be ex- 
communicated. Hooker. 

EX-€OM-Mu'NI-€ATE, v. t [L. ex and communico.'] To 
expel from communion ; to eject from the communion of 
the church. 

EX-€0M-MU'NI-€ATE, n. One who is excluded from the 
fellowship of the church ; one cut off from any advantage. 
Carew. 

EX-€OM-Mu'NI-€A-TED, pp. ExpeUed or separated from 
communion with a church. 

EX-€OM-Mu'NI-€A-TING,ppr. Expelling from the com 
munion of a cnurch. 

EX-€OM-MU-NI-€a'TION, 77. The act of ejecting from a 
church ; expulsion from the communion of a church, and 
deprivation of its rights, privileges and advantages. 

EX-€o'RI-ATE, V. t. [Low L. excorio.] To flay ; to strip 
or wear off the skin ; to abrade ; to gall ; to bresik and re- 
move the cuticle. 

EX-€o'RI-A-TED, pp. Flayed; galled; stripped of skin. 

EX-€o'RI-A-TING,ppr. Flaying; galling; stripping of the 
cuticle. 

EX-€0-RI-A'TION, n. 1. The act of flaying, or the opera- 
tion of wearing off the skin or cuticle ; a galling ; abra- 
sion. 2. Plunder. 

EX-€OR-TI-€a'TION, n. [L. ex and cortex.] The act o'^ 
stripping off bark. Coxe 

EX'€RE-A-BLE, a. That may be discharged by spitting. 

EX'CRE-ATE, v. t. [L. excreo.] To hawk and spit. 

EX-€RE-A'TION, n. A spitting out. 

EX'€RE-MENT, ?i. [L. excrementum.l Matter excreted and 
ejected ; that which is discharged from the animal body 
after disestion ; alvine discharges. 

EX-€RE-MENT'AL, a. Excreted or ejected by the natural 
passages of the body. 

EX-CRE-MEN-Tl'TIAL, a. Pertaining to excrement. 

EX-€RE-MEN-Ti''TIOUS, a. Pertaining to excrement , 
containing excrement. Harvey. 

EX-CRES'CENCE, 71. [L. cxcrescens.] 1. In sMr^ery, a pre- 
ternatural protuberance growing on any part of the body ; 
a superfluous part. 2. Ajiy preternatural enlargement of 
a plant, like a wart or tumor. 3. A preternatural produc- 
tion. 

EX-€RES'CENT, a. Growing out of something else, in a 
preternatural manner ; superfluous. 

EX-CReTE', v. t. [L. excretus.] To separate and throw 
off; to discharge. 

EX-€Re'TI0N,~7i. [L. excretio.] 1. A separation of some 
fluid from the blood, by means of the glands ; a throwing 
off or discharge of Euiimal fluids from the body. 2. That 
which is excreted. 

EX'€RE-TiVE, a. Having the power of separating and 
ejecting fluid matter from the body. 

EX'CRE-TO-RY, a. Having the quality of excreting or 
throwing off excrementitious matter by the glands. 

EX'€RE-TO-RY, 7i. A little duct or vessel, destined to re- 
ceive secreted fluids, and to excrete them ; also, a secre- 
tory vessel. 

EX-€RU'CIA-BLE, a. Liable to torment. 

EX-€RU'CIATE, v. t. [L. excnicio.] To torture ; to tor- 
ment ; to inflict most severe pain on. 

EX-€RU CIA-TED, pp. Tortured ; racked ; tormented. 

EX-€RU'CIA-TING, ppr. 1. Torturing; tormenting; put- 
ting to most severe pain. 2. a. Extremely painful ; dis- 
tressing. 

EX-€RU-CI-A'TION, 77. Torment; vexation. Feltham. 

EX-€U-Ba'TION, 71. The act of watching all night. 

EX-CUL'PATE, V. t. [It. scolpare ; L. ex and culpa.] To 
clear by words from a charge or imputation of fault or 
guilt ; to excuse. 

EX-CUL'PA-BLE, a. Capable of being cleared from the 
imputation of blame or fault. Sir G. Buck. 

EX-€UL'PA-TED, pp. Cleared by words from the imputa- 
tion of ftiult or guilt. 



' See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € aaK56asJ;SasZ;CHasSH;THasin this, t Obsolete. 



EXE 



316 



EXE 



£X-€L/L'PA-TJNG, ppr Clearing hy words from the charge 
of fault or crime. 

EX-eUL-PA'TION, n. The act of vindicating from a charge 
of fault or crime ; excuse. 

EX-€UL'PA-TO-RY, a. Able to clear from the charge of 
fault or guilt ; excusing ; containing excuse. 

EX-€UR'SION, n. [L. excursio.] 1. A rambling ; a deviat- 
ing from a stated or settled path. 2. Progression beyond 
fixed limits. 3. Digression ; a wandering from a subject 
or main design. 4. An expedition or journey; any 
rambling from a point or piacCj and return to the same 
point or place. 

EX-€UR'SIVE, a. Rambling ; wandering ; deviating. 

EX-eUR'SIVE-LY, adv. In a wandering manner. 

EX-t;UR'SIVE-NESS, n The act of wandering or of pass- 
ing usual limits. 

EX-€U'SA-BLE, a. 1. That may be excused ; pardonable. 
2. Admitting of excuse or justification. 

EX-€U'SA-BLE-NESS, w. The state of being excusable ; 
pardonableness ; the quality of admitting of excuse. 

EX-eU-SA'TION, 71. Excuse; apology. [Little used.] 

EX-€U-Sa'TOR, n. One who makes an excuse. 

EX-etJ'SA-TO-RY, a. Making excuse ; containing excuse 
or apology ; apologetical. 

EX-etJSE', «. t. [L. exciiso.] 1. To pardon; to free from the 
imputation of fault or blame ; to acquit of guilt. 2. To par- 
don, as a fault ; to forgive entirely, or to admit to be little 
censurable, and to overlook. 3. To free from an obliga- 
tion or duty. 4. To remit ; not to exact. 5. To pardon ; 
to admit an apology for. 6. To throw off an imputation 
by apology. 7. To justify ; to vindicate. 

EX-€tjSE', n. li A plea offered in extenuation of a fault or 
irregular deportment ; apology. 2. The act of excusing 
or apologizing. 3. That which excuses. 

EX-€uSE'LESS, a. Having no excuse ; that for which no 
excuse or apology can be offered. [Little used.] 

EX-€uffi'ER, n. 1. One who offers excuses, or pleads for an- 
othej. 2. One who excuses or forgives another. 

TS,X-€\J&'ING,ppr. Acquitting of guilt or fault ; forgiving; 
overlooking. 

|EX-eUSS', v.t. [Tu. excussus.] To shake off; also, to 
seize and detain by law. 

t EX-eUS'SION, n. A seizing by law. .dyliffe. 

EX-D[-RE€T'OR, n. One who has been a director, but is 
displaced. 

EX'E-eRA-BLE, a. [L. execrabilis.] Deserving to be cursed; 
very hateful ; detestable ; abominable. 

EX'E-€RA-BLY, adv. Cursedly ; detestably. 

EX'E-€RATE, v. t. [L. execror.] 1. TocurSe ; to denounce 
evil against, or to imprecate evil on. 2. To detest utterly ; 
to abhor ; to abominate. 

EX-E-CRa'TION, n. The act of cursing ; a curse pro- 
nounced ; imprecation of evil ; detestation expressed. 

EX'E-€RA-T0-RY, n. A formulary of execration. 

EX-ECT , V, t. [L. execo.] To cut off or out. 

EX-E€'T[ON, w. A cutting off or out. [Little used] 

£X'E-€UTE, V. t. [Fr. executer.] 1 . To perform ; to do ; to 
effect ; to carry into complete effect ; to complete ; to finish. 
2. To inflict. 3. To carry into effect. 4. To carry into ef- 
fect the law, or the judgment or sentence on a person ; to 
indict capital punishment on ; to put to death. 5. To kill. 
(3. To complete, as a legal instrument ; to perform what 
is requii-ed to give validity to a writing, as by signhig and 
sealing. 

EX'Jil-eUTE, V. i. To perform the proper office. 

EX'E-€TJ-TEp, pp. Done ; performed ; accomplished ; car- 
ried into effect ; put to death. 

EX'E-€U-TER, n. One v/ho performs or carries into ef- 
fect. 

EX'E-€U-TING, pipr. Doing; performing; finishing; ac- 
complishing ; inflicting ; carrying into effect. 

EX-Pu-€u'T10N, At. 1. Performance ; the act of completing 
or accomplishing. — 2. In law, the carrying into effect a 
sentence or judgment of court. 3. The instrument, war- 
rant or official order, by which an officer is empowered tp 
carry a judgment into effect. 4. The act of signing and 
sea ing a legal instrument, or giving it the forms required 
to render it a valid act. 5. The last act of the law in the 
punishment of criminals ; capital punishment ; death in- 
flicted accorduig to the forms of law. 6. Effect ; some- 
thing done or accomplished. 7. Destruction; slaugh- 
ter. 

EX-E-€u'TION-ER, v. 1. One who executes ; one who 
carries into effect a judgment of death ; one who inflicts 
a capital punishment in pursuance of a legal warrant. 2. 
lie that kills ; he that murders. 3. The instrument by 
which any thing is performed. 

EX-E€'U-TiVE, (egz-ek'u-tiv) c. Having the quality of 
executing or performing. 

EX-ECU-TlVE, n. The person who administers the gov- 
ernment ; executive power or authority in government. 
J. Quincy. 

EX-ECU-TOR, n. The person appointed by a testator to 
execute his will, or to see U carried into effect. 



EX-E€-U-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to an executor j elecil 
tive. 

EX-E€'U-TOR-SHIP, n. The office of an executor. 

EX-E€'U-TO-RY, a. 1. Performing official duties.— 2. In 
law, to be executed or carried into effect in future. 

EX-EC'U-TRESS, ) n. A female executor ; a woman ap- 

EX-EC U-TRIX, ) pointed by a testator to execute his 
will. 

EX-E-6e'SIS, n. [Gr. e^tjyriins.] 1. Exposition ; explana- 
tion ; interpretation. 2. A discourse intended to explain 
or illustrate a subject. Encyc. 

EX-E-6ET'I-€AL, a. Explanatory ; tending to unfold or 
illustrate ; expository. Walker. 

EX-E-6ET 1-CAL-LY, adv. By Way of explanation. 

EX-EM'PLAR, (egz-em'plar) n. 1. A model j original or 
pattern, to be copied or imitated. 2. The idea or image ot 
a thing,- formed in the mind of an artist, by which he con 
ducts his work ; the ideal model which he attempts to ira 
itate. 

* EX'EM-PLA-RI LY, adv. 1. In a manner to deserve imita- 
tion ; in a worthy or excellent manner. 2. In a manner 
that may warn others, by way of terror; in such a man- 
ner that others may be cautioned to avoid an evil. 

*EXiEM-PLA-RI-NESS, n. The state or quality of being a 

pattern for imitation. 
fEX-EM-PLAR'I-TY, n. A pattern worthy of imitation ; 

goodness. 

* EX'EM-PLA-RY, «. 1. Serving for a pattern or model for 
imitation ; worthy of imitation. 2. Such as may serve for 
a warning to others ; such as may deter from crimes or 
vices. 3. Such as may attract notice and imitation. 4 
Illustrating. 

*j EX'EM-PLA-RY, n. [Fr. exemplaire.] A copy of a book or 

writing. Donne. 
EX-EM-PLI-FI-€a'TION, n. 1. The act of exemplifying ; 

a showing or illustrating by example. 2. A copy ; a 

transcript ; an attested copy. 
EX-EM'PLI-FlED,pp. Illustrated by example or copy. 
EX-EM'PLI-FI-ER, n. One that exemplifies. 
EX-EM'PLI-F-J, (egz-era'ple-fi) v. t. [Low L. exemplo,] 

I. To show or illustrate by example. 2. To copy ; to 
transcribe ; to take an attested copy. 3. To prove or show 
by an attested copy. 

EX-EM'PLI-FY-ING, ppr. lUilstrating by example ; tran-' 
scribing ; taking an attested copy ; proving by an attested 
copy. 

EX-EMPT', (egz-emf) v. t. [Fr. exempter.] To free, or per- 
mit to be free, from any charge, burden, restraint, duty, 
evil or requisition, to which others are subject ; to privi- 
lege ; to grant immunity from. 

EX-EMPT', a, 1. Free from any service, charge, burden, 
tax, duty, evil or requisition, to which others are subject ; 
not subject ; not liable to. 2. Free by privilege. 3. Free ; 
clear; not included. 4. Cut off" from; [obs.] 

EXEMPT', 7) . One who is exempted or freed from duty ; 
one not subject. 

EX-EMPT'ED, pp. Freed from charge, duty, tax or evils, 
to which others are subject ; privileged. 

t EX-EMPT'I-BLE, a. Free; privileged. 

JEX-EMPT'ING, ppr. Freeing from charge, duty, tax or 
evil ; granting immunity to. 

EX-EMP'TION, n. 1. The act of exempting ; the state of 
being exempt. 2. Freedom from any service, charge, 
burden, tax, evil or requisition, to which others are sub- 
ject ; immunity ; privilege. 

tEX-EMP-Ti"TIOUS, a. Separable ; that may be taken from. 

EX-EN'TER-ATE, v. t. [L. exentero.] To take out the 
bowels or entrails ; to embowel. Brown. 

EX-EN-TER-a'TION, w. The act of taking out the bowels. 

EX-E-Q,[Ja'TUR, n. [L.] A written recognition of a per- 
son in the character of consul or commercial agent. 

EX-E'Q,UI-AL, a. [L. exequialis.] Pertaining to funerals. 

EX'E-Q-UIES, n. plu. [L. exequies.] Funeral rites; the 
ceremonies of burial ; ftineral procession. 

EX-ER'CENT, a. [L. exercens.] Using; practising; fol- 
lowing. [Little used.] Aylnffe. 

EX ER-ClS-A-BLE, a. That may be exercised. 

EX'ER-ClSE, n. [L. excrcitium.] 1, Use ; practice ; the ex- 
ertions and movements customary in tlie performance of 
business. 2. Practice ; performance. 3. Use ; employ- 
ment ; exertion. 4. Exertion of the body, as conducive 
to health ; action ; motion, by labor, walking, riding, or 
other exertion , 5. Exertion of the body ; the habitual use 
of the limbs. 6. Exertion of the body and mind or facul- 
ties for improvement. 7. Use or practice to acquire skill ; 
preparatory practice. 8. Exertion of the mind ; applica- 
tion of the mental powers. 9. Task ; that which is ap- 
pointed for one to perform . 10. Act of divine worship. 

II . A lesson or example for practice. 
EX'ER-ClSE, V. t. [L. exerceo.] 1. In a general sense, to 

move ; to exert ; to cause to act, in any manner. 2. To 
use ; to exert. 3. To use for improvement in skill. 4. 
To exert one's powers or strength ; to practice habitually, 
5. To practice ; to perform the duties ojf. 6. To train to 



Hee Synopsis. A, E, T, o, X5, Y, long — FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



EXH 



ol7 



EXI 



use ; to discipline. 7. To task ; to keep employed ; to 
use efforts. 8. To use ; to employ. 9. To busy ; to keep 
busy in action, exertion or employment. 10. To pain or 
afflict ; to give anxiety to ; to make uneasy. 

EX'ER-ClSE, V. i. To use action or exertion. 

EX'ER-ClSED, pp. Exerted ; used ; trained ; disciplined ; 
employed ; practised ; pained 5 afflicted ; rendered un- 
easy. 

EX'ER-CiS-ER, n. One who exercises. 

EX'ER-CTS-ING,2>^r. Exerting; using; employing; train- 
ing ; practicing. 

EX-ER-CI-Ta'TION, n. [L, exercitatio.] Exercise ; prac- 
tice ; use. Brown. 

EX-ERGUE', (egz-erg') n. [Gr. 4 and t^iyov.'] A little space 
around or without the figures of a medal, left for the in- 
scription, cipher, device, date, &c. 

EX-ERT', (egz-«rt') v. t. [L. exeroJ 1. Literally, to thrust 
forth ; to emit; to push out. 2. To bring out"; to cause 
to come forth ; to produce. 3. To put or thrust forth, as 
strength, force or ability ; to strain ; to put in action ; to 
bring into active operation 4. To put forth ; to do or 
perform. South. 

EX-ERT'ED, pp. Thrust or pushed forth ; put in action. 

EX-ERT'ING, ppr. Putting forth ; putting in action. 

EX-ER'TION, 71. The act of exerting or straining ; tlie act of 
putting into motion or action ; effort ; a striving or strug- 
gling- 

EX-E SION, n. [L. exesus.] The act of eating out or 
through. [Little med.] Brown. 

EX-ES-TU-a'TION, n. [L. exwstuatio.'] A boiling ; ebul- 
lition ; agitation caused by heat ; effervescence. 

EX-Fo'LI-ATE, v. i. [L. exfolio.] In surgery and mineral- 
ogy, to separate and come off in scales ; to scale off. 

EX-Fo'LI-A-TED, pp. Separated in thm scales 

EX-Fo'LI-A-TING, ppr. Separating and coming off in 

EX-FO-LI-A'TION, n. The scaling of a bone ; desquama- 
tion. 

EX-Fo'LI-A-TiVE, a. That has the power of causing ex- 
foliation or the desquamation of a bone. 

EX-Fo'LI-A-TiVE, n. That which has the power or quali- 
ty of procuring exfoliation. Wiseman. 

EX-Ha'LA-BLE, a. That may be exhaled. 

EX-Ha'LANT, a. Having the quality of exhaling or trans- 
mitting a fluid or vapor. 

EX-HA-La'TION, 71. [L. exhalatio.] 1. The act 01 process 
of exhaling, or sending forth fluids in the form of steam or 
vapor; evaporation. 2. That which is exhaled; that 
which is emitted, or which rises in the form of vapor ; 
fume or steam ; effluvia. 

EX-HaLE', (egz-hale') v. t. [L. exhalo.l 1, To send out; 
to emit ; as vapor, or minute particles of a fluid or other 
substance. 2. To draw out; to cause to be emitted in 
vapor or minute particles ; to evaporate. 

EX-HaL'ED, (egz-haJd') pp. Sent out ; emitted, as vapor ; 
evaporated. 

EX-HaLE'MENT, 71. Matter exhaled ; vapor. Brown. 

EX-HaL'ING, ppr. Sending out in vapor or effluvia. 

EX-HAUST', (egz-hawsf) v. t. [L. sxhaurio, exhaustum.] 
1. To draw out or drain off the whole of any thing ; to 
draw out, tUl nothing of the matter drawn is left. 2. To 
empty by drawing out the contents. 3. To draw out or 
to use and expend the whole ; to consume. 4. To use 
or expend the whole by exertion. 

EX-HAUST', ffl. Drained; exhausted. [Little used.] 

EX-HAUST'ED, pp. Drawn out ; drained off; emptied by 
drawing, draining or evaporation ; wholly used or ex- 
pended ; consumed. 

EX-HAUST'ER, n. He or that which exhausts. 

EX-HAUST'I-BLE, a. That may be exhausted. 

EX-HAUST'ING, ppr. 1. Drawing out; draining off; 
emptving ; consuming. 2. a. Tending to exhaust. 

EX-HAUST'ION, n. 1. The act of drawing out or draining 
off; the act of emptying completely of the contents. 2. 
The state of being exhausted. — 3. In mathematics, a 
method of proving the equality of two magnitudes by a 
reductio ad ahsurdum. 

EX-HAUST'LESS, a. Not to be exhausted; not to be 
wholly drawn off" or emptied ; inexhaustible. 

EX-HAUST'MENT, 71. Exhaustion; drain. 

EX-HER'E-DATE, v. t. To disinherit. 

EX-HER-E-Da'TION, 71. [JL. exhceredatio.] In the civil law, 
a disinheriting. 

EX-HIB'IT, (egz-hib'it) v. t. [L. exhibeo.] 1 To offer or 
present to view ; to present for inspection ; to show. 9. 
To show ; to display ; to manifest publicly. 3. To pre- 
sent ; to offer publicly or officially. 

EX-HIB'IT, n. 1. Any paper produced or presented to a 
court or to auditors, referees or arbitrators, as a voucher, 
or in proof of facts ; a vouclier or document produced. 
— 2. In chancery, a deed or writing produced in court, 
sworn to by a witness, and a certificate of the oath indorsed 
v;n it by the examiner or commissioner. 



EX-HIB'IT-ED,7?p, Offered to view ; presented for nspec 

tion ; shown ; displayed. 

EX-HIB'IT-ER, n. One who exhibits ; one who presents a 
petition or charge. Shak. 

EX-HIB'IT-ING, p;?r. Offering to view ; presenting; show 
ing; displaying. 

EX-HI-BI'TION, 71. [L. exhibitio.] 1. The act of exhibit- 
ing for inspection ; a showing or presenting to view ; 
display. 2. The offering, producing or showing of titles, 
authorities or papers of any kind before a tribunal, m 
proof of facts. 3. Public show ; representation of feats or 
actions in public ; display of oratory in public ; any pub- 
lic show. 4. Allowance of meat and drink ; pension ; 
salary. 5. Payment; recompense. 

EX-HI-Bl'TION-ER, 71. In English universities, one who 
has a pension or allowance, granted for the t^ncourage- 
ment of learning. 

EX-HlB'I-TiVE, a. Serving for exhibition , representative 
JVorris. 

EX-HIB'I-TiVE-LY, adv. By representation. 

EX-HIB'I-TO-RY, a. Exhibiting; showing; displaying. 

EX-HIL A-RATE, (egz-hil'a-rate) v. t. [L. exfilaru.] To 
make cheerful or merry ; to enliven ; to make glad or 
joyous ; to gladden ; to cheer. 

EX-HIL'A-RATE, v. i. To become cheerful or joyous. 

EX-HIL' A-RA-TED, pp. Enlivened ; animated ; cheered , 
gladdened ; made joyous or jovial. 

EX-HIL'A-RA-TING, ppr. Enlivening ; giving life and 
vigor to the spirits ; cheering ; gladdening. 

EX-HIL- A-Ra 'TION, n. 1. The act of enlivening the 
spirits ; the act of making glad or cheerful. 2. The state 
of being enlivened or cheerful. 

EX-HORT', (egz-hort') v. t. [L. exhortor.] 1. To incite by 
words or advice ; to animate or urge by arguments to a 
good deed. 2. To advise ; to warn ; to caution. 3. To 
incite or stimulate to exertion. 

EX-HORT', V. i. To deliver exhortation ; to use words or 
arguments to incite to good deeds. 

t EX-HORT', n: Exhortation. Pope. 

EX-HOR-Ta'TION, 71. 1. The act or practice of exhorting ; 
the act of inciting to laudable deeds ; incitement. 2. 
The form of words intended to incite and encourage. 3. 
Advice ; counsel. 

EX-HORT'A-TH^E, a. Containing exhortation. 

EX-HORT'A-TO-RY, a. Tending to exhort. 

EX-HORT'ED, pp. Incited by words to good deeds ; am 
mated to a laudable course of conduct ; advised. 

EX-HORT'ER, 71. One who exhorts or encourages. 

EX-HORT'ING, ppr. Inciting to good deeds by words or 
arguments ; encouraging ; counseling. 

EX-HU-Ma'TION, n. [Fr., from exhumer.] 1. The digging 
up of a dead body interred ; the disinterring of a corpse. 
2. The digging up of anv thing buried. 

EX'ie-OATE, EX-I€-€a'TION. See Exsiccate. 

EX'I-GENCE, } n. [L. exigent.'] 1. Demand ; urgency ; 

EX'I-GEN-CY, \ urgent need or want. 2. Pressing ne- 
cessity ; distress ; any case which demands immediate 
action, supply or remedy. 

EX'I-GENT, 71. 1. Pressing b-isiness ; occasion that call? 
for immediate help ; [not used.] — ^2. In ZaiO; a writ which 
lies where ihe defendant is not to be found, or after a re- 
turn of 71071 est inventus on former writs. 3. End ; ex- 
tremity ; [o&5.] Shak. 

EX'I-6ENT, a. Pressing ; requiring immediate aid. Burke 

EX'I-6ENT-ER, n. An officer in the court of common 
pleas in England, wlio makes out exigents and proclama- 
tions, in cases of outlawry. 

EX'I-6l-BLE, a. That may be exacted ; demandable. 

EX-I-GU'I-TY; n. [L. exiguitas.] Smallness ; slendemess 
[Little used.] Boyle. 

EX-IG'U-OUS, a. [L. exigwis.] Small; slender; minute 
diminutive. [Little used.] Harvey. 

EX'ILE, n. [L. exilium, exul.] 1. Banishment ; the state 
of being expelled from one's country or place of residence 
2. An abandonment of one's country, or removal to a for 
eign country for residence^ 3. The person banished, or 
separated from his country. 

EX-ILE', (egz-ile') v.t. 3. To banish from a country or 
home ; to drive away, expel or transport from one's 
country. 2. To drive from one's country by misfortune, 
necessity or distress. 

EX-ILE' a. [L. exilis.] Slender ; thin ; fine. 

EX'tLED, pp. Banished; expelled from one's country by 
authority. 

EX'jLE-MENT, 7?. Banishment. 

EX'lL-lNG, ppr. Banishing ; expelling from one s country ; 
departing from one's country. 

EX-I-LI"TI0N, 71. [L. exilio.] A sudden springing or leap- 
ing out. [Little used.] Brown. 

EX-IL'I-TY, 71. [L. exilitas.] Slendemess : thinness 

EX-IM'I-OUS, fl. [L. cximizis.] Excellent [Little u^ed.] 

tEX-IN'A-NITE, V. t. [L. exinanio.] To luake emfrty ; to 
weaken. 



See Synopsis. MoVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



EXO 



318 



EXP 



UX-IN-A-NI'TION, n. [L. exinanitio.] An emptying or 
evacuation ; lience, privation ; loss ; destitution. [L. u.] 

EX-IST', (egz-ist'> v. i. [L. existo.] 1. To be ; to have an 
essence or real being. 2. To live j to have life or anima- 
tion. 3. To remain : to endure ; to continue in being. 

EX-IST'ENCE, 71 1. The state of being or having essence. 
2. Life ; animation. 3. Continued being ; diiration 5 con- 
tinuation. 

EX-IST'ENT, a. Being ; having being or existence. 

EX-IS-TEN'TIAL, a. Having existence. Bp. Barlow. 

EX-IS-TI-Ma'T10N, n. [L. existimatio.] Opinion ; esteem. 

EX'JT, n. [L. ; the 3d person of exeo.] 1 The departure of 
a player from the stage. 2. Any departure ; the act of 
quitting the stage of action or of life ; death ; decease. 3. 
A way of departiue ; passage out of a place. 4. A going 
out; departure. 

EX-T"TIAL, } a. [L. exitialis.] Destructive to life. Homi- 

EX-I"TIOUS, \ lies. 

EX-LEfiilS-LA-TOK, n. One who has been a legislator, 
but is not at present. 

EX-MIN'iS-TER, 11. One who has been minister, but is not 
in office 

EX'ODE, n. [Gr. c^oolov.] In the Chreek drama, the con- 
cluding part of a play. 

EX'O-DUS, ) n. [Gr. ti,ohos.] 1. Departure from a place ; 

EX'O-DY, \ particularly, the departure of the Israelites 
from Egypt under the conduct of Moses. 2. The second 
book of tlie Old Testament. 

EX OF-Fi"CI-0. [L.] By virtue of office, and without 
special authority. 

EX'0-GLOSS, 71. [Gr. e^w and yXwffda.] A genus of fishes. 

t EX-0-LeTE', a. [L. exoletus.] Obsolete. 

t EX-O-LtJ'TION, 71. Laxation of the nerves. 

tEX-OLVE', V. t. To loose. 

EX-OMTHA-LOS, n. [Gr. t^ and onfalos.] A navel rup- 
ture. 

EX-ON'ER-ATE, (egz-on'er-ate) v. t. [L. exonero.] 1. To 
unload ; to disburden. Ray. 2. To cast off, as a charge, 
or as blame resting on one ; to clear of something that lies 
upon the character. 3. To cast off, as an obligation , to 
discharge. 

EX-ON'EE-A-TED, pp. Unloaded ; disburdened ; freed 
from a charge, imputation or responsibility. 

EX-ON'ER-A-TING, ppr. Unloading ; disburdening ; free- 
ing from any charge or imputation. 

EX-ON-ER-A'TION, n. The act of disburdening or dis- 
charging ; the act of freeing from a charge. 

EX-ON'ER-A-TIV E, a. Freeing from an obligation. 

EX'O-RA-BLE, a. [L. exorabilis.] That may be moved or 
persuaded by entreaty. 

EX-ORB'I-TANCE, (egz-or'be-tans) ) n. [L. exorUtans.] 

EX-ORB'I-TAN-CY, (egz-or'be-tan-sy) \ Literally, 9.going 
beyond or without the track or usual limit. Hence, enor- 
mity ; extravagance ; a deviation from rule or the ordi- 
nary limits of right or propriety. 

EX-ORB'I-TANT, a. [1,. exorUtans.] 1. izteraZZj/, depart- 
ing from an orbit or usual track. Hence, deviating from 
the usual course ; excessive j extravagant ; enormous. 
2. Anomalous; not comprehended in a settled rule or 
method. 

EX-ORB'I-TANT-LY, adv. Enormously ; excessively. 

EX-ORB'I-TATE, v. i. To go beyond the usual track or 
orbit ; to deviate from the usual limit. 

EX'OR-ClSE, 7;. i. [Gt. t^o(iKi^u>.'\ 1. To adjure by some 
holy name ; but chiefly, to ' expel evil spirits by conjura- 
tions, prayers and ceremonies. 2. To purify from unclean 
spirits by adjurations and ceremonies ; to deliver from the 
influence of malignant spirits or demons. 

EX'OR-CiSED, pp. Expelled from a person or place by 
conjurations and prayers ; freed from demons in like 
manner. 

EX'OR-ClS-ER, 71. One who pretends to cast out evil spirits 
by adjurations and conjuration. 

EX'OR-CiS-ING, ppr. Expelling evil spirits by prayers and 
ceremonies. 

EXOR-CISM, n. [L. exorcismus.'] The expulsion of evil 
spirits from persons or places by certain adjurations and 
ceremonies. 

EX'OR-CIST, n. One who pretends to expel evil spirits by 
conjuration, prayers and ceremonies. 

EX-ORD'I-AL, a. Pertaining to the exordium. 

EX-OR'DI-UM, n. ; plu. Exordiums. [L.] In oratory, the 
beginning ; the introductory part of a discourse; the pre- 
face or pjoemial part of a composition. 

EX-OR-Na'TION, 71. [L. exornatio.] Ornament ; decora- 
tion ; embellishment. Hooker. 

EX-ORT'IVE, a. [L. exortiviis.] Rising ; relating to the 
east. 

EX-OS'SA-TED, a. Deprived of bones. 

EX-OS'SE-OUS, a. [L. ex and ossa.] Without bones ; des- 
titute of bones. 

EX-OS-To'SIS, n. [Gr. f| and octeov.] Any protuberance 
of a bone that is not natural. 



EX-0-TER'I€, } a. [Gr. e^utrepog.] External ; public 

EX-0-TER'I-€AL, \ opposed to esoteric or secret. The 
exoteric doctrines of the ancient philosophers were those 
which were openly professed and taught. 

EX'0-TER-Y, 71. What is obvious or common. 

EX-OT'I€, ) a. [Gr. e^wtikos.] Foreign ; pertaining to 

EX-OT'I-€AL, J or produced in a foreign country ; not 
native ; extraneous. 

EX-OT't€, n. 1. A plant, shrub or tree not native ; a plant 
produced in a foreign country. 2. A word of foreign 
origin. 

EX-PAND', V. t. [L. expando.] 1. To open ; to spread. 2. 
To spread ; to enlarge a surface ; to diffuse. 3. To di- 
late ; to enlarge in bulk ; to distend. 4. To enlarge ; to 
extend. 

EX-PAND', V. i. 1. To open ; to spread. 2. To dilate ; to 
extend in bulk or surface. 3. To enlarge. 

EX-PAND'ED, pp. Opened ; spread ; extended ; dilated , 
enlarged; diffused. 

EX-PAND'ING, ppr. Opening ; spreading ; extending ; di 
lating ; diffusing. 

EX-PANSE', (ex-pans') n. [L. expansum.] A spreading ; 
extent ; a wide extent of space or body. 

EX-PAN-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. The capacity of being expanded j 
capacity of extension in surface or bulk. 

EX-PANS'I-BLE, a. [Ft.] Capable of being expanded or 
spread ; capable of being extended, dilated or diffused. 

EX-PANS'ILE, a. Capable of being expanded. 

EX-PAN'SION, 71. [L. expansio.] 1. The act of expanding 
2. The state of bemg expanded ; the enlargement of sur 
face or bulk ; dilatation. 3. Extent ; space to which any 
thing is enlarged ; also, pure space or distance between 
remote bodies. 4. Enlargement. 

EX-PANS'IVE, a. [Fr.] 1. Having the power to expand, 
to spread, or to dilate. 2. Having the capacity of being 
expanded. 3. Widely extended. 

EX-PANS'IVE-NESS, n. The quality of being expansive. 

EX PAR'TE. [L.] On one part ; as a hearing or a council 
ex parte, on one side only. 

EX-Pa'TIATE, v. i. [L. expatior.] 1. To move at large ; 
to rove without prescribed limits ; to wander in space 
without restraint. 2. To enlarge in discourse or writing ; 
to be copious in argument or discussion. 

EX-Pa'TIA-TING, ppr. Roving at large ; enlarging in dis- 
course or writing. 

EX-Pa'TIA-TOR, 71. One who amplifies in language. 

EX-PAT'RI-ATE, or EX-Pa'TRI-ATE, v. t. [Fr. expa- 
trier.j In a general sense, to banish. — To expatriate one's 
self, IS to quit one's country, renouncing citizenship and 
allegiance in that country. 

EX-PAT'RI-A-TED, or EX-Pa'TRI-A-TED, pp. Banish- 
ed ; removed from one's native country, with renuncia- 
tion of citizenship and allegiance. 

EX-PAT'RI-A-TING, or EX-Pa'TRI-A-TING, ppr. Ban- 
ishing ; abandoning one's country, with renunciation of 
allegiance. 

EX-PAT-RI-a'TION, or EX-Pa-TRI-a'TION, n. Banish- 
ment. More generally, the forsaking of one's own coun- 
try, with a renunciation of allegiance. 

EX-PECT', V. t. [L. cxpecto.] 1. To wait for. 2. To look 
for ; to have a previous apprehension of something future, 
whether good or evil ; to entertain at least a slight belief 
that an event will happen. 

t EX-PECT', V. i. To wait ; to stay. Sandys. 

EX-PE€T'A-BLE, a. That may be expected. 

EX-PE€T'ANCE, > 7t. 1. The act or state of expecting , 

EX-PECT' AN-CY, \ expectation. 2. Something expect- 
ed. 3. Hope. 

EX-PECT'AN-CY, n. In laio, a state of waiting or sus- 
pension. 

EX-PECT' ANT, a. 1. Wailing ; looking for. Swift. 2. An 
expectant estate is one whith is suspended till the deter- 
mination of a particular estate. 

EX-PECT' ANT, n. One who expects ; one who waits in 
expectation ; one held in dependence by his belief or hope 
of receiving some good. 

EX-PEC-Ta'TION, n. [L. expectatio.] 1. The act of ex- 
pecting or looking forward to a future event with at least 
some reason to believe the event will happen. Expecta- 
tion differs from hope. Hope originates in desire, and may 
exist with little or no ground of belief that the desired 
event will arrive. Expectation is founded on some rea- 
sons which render the event probable. Hope is directed 
to some good ; expectation is directed to good or evil. 2. 
The state of expecting, either with hope or fear. 3. Pros- 
pect of good to come. 4. The object of expectation ; the 
expected Messiah. 5. A state or qualities in a person 
v/hich excite expectations in others of some future excel- 
lence. — 6. In chances, expectation is applied to contingent 
events, and is reducible to computation. 

t EX-PECT' A-TIVE, n. That which is expected. 

t EX-PECT' A-TIVE, a. Expecting. Cotgrave 

EX-PECT'ER, n. One who expects ; one who waits for 
something, or for another person. Swift. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, T, o, C, Y, long.— FAR, PALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BiRD j— t Obsolete 



EXP 



319 



EXP 



EX-PE€rPING, p]n: Waiting or looking for the arrival of. 

EX-PE€'TO-RANT, a. Having the quality of promoting 
discharges from the lungs. 

EX-PE€'TO-RANT, n. A medicine which promotes dis- 
charges from the lungs. 

EX-PE€'TO-RATE, v. t. [L. expectoro.] To eject from the 
trachea or lungs ; to discharge phlegm or other matter, by 
coughing. 

EX-PE€'TO-RA-TED, pp. Discharged from the lungs. 

EX-PEC'TO-RA-TING, ppr. Throwing from the lungs. 

EX-PE€-TO-Ra'TION, n. The act of discharging phlegm 
or mucus from the lungs, by coughing. 

EX-PEC'TO-RA-TIVE, a. Having the quality of promoting 
expectoration. 

f EX-Pe'DI-ATE, v. t. To expedite. 

EX-Pe'DI-ENCE, In. 1. Fitness or suitableness to effect 

EX-Pe'DI-EN-CY, ] some good end, or the purpose in- 
tended ; propriety under the particular circumstances of a 
case. 2. Expedition ; adventure ; [obs.} 3. Expedition ; 
haste ; dispatch ; [obs.'j 

EX-Pe'DI-ENT, a. [L. expediens.] 1. Tending to promote 
the object proposed ; tit or suitable for the purpose ; prop- 
er under the circumstances. 2. Useful ; profitable. 3. 
Q,uick ; expeditious ; [obs.] 

EX-Pe'DI-ENT, n. 1. That which serves to promote or ad- 
vance ; any means which maybe employed to accomplish 
an end. 2. Shift ; means devised or employed in an exi- 
gency. 

EX-Pe'DI-ENT-LY, adv. 1. Filly j suitably ; conveniently. 

2. HastUy ; quickly ; [obs.] 

EX-PEDfJ-TATE, v. t. {L. ex and pes.] In the forest laws 
of England, to cut out the balls or claws of a dog's fore 
feet, for the preservation of the king's game. 

EX-PED-I-Ta'TION, n. The act of cutting out the balls or 
claws of a dog's fore feet. 

EX'PE-DlTE,w t. [L.expedio.] 1. To hasten; to quicken 5 
to accelerate motion or progress. 2. To dispatch ; to send 
from. 3. To hasten by rendering easy. 

EX'PE-DlTE, a. [L. expeditus.] 1. Quick ; speedy ; expe- 
ditious. 2. Easy ; unencumbered. 3. Active ; nimble ; 
ready ; prompt. 4. Light-armed ; [obs.] 

EX'PE-DlTE-LY, adv. Readily ; hastily 5 speedily ; 
promptly. 

EX-PE-DI"TION, n. [L. expeditio.] 1. Haste 5 speed ; 
quickness ; dispatch. 2. The march of an army, or the 
voyage of a fleet, to a distant place, for hostile purposes. 

3. Any enterprise, undertaking or attempt by a number 
of persons ; or the collective body which undertakes. 

EX-PE-DI"TIOUS, a. 1. Quick ; hasty ; speedy. 2. Nim- 
ble ; active ; swift ; acting with celerity. 

EX-PE-DI"TIOUS-LY, adv. Speedily ; hastily ; with ce- 
lerity or dispatch. 

EX-PED'I-TlVE, a. Performing with speed. Bacon. 

EX-PEL', V. t. [L. e<tpello.] 1. To drive or force out from 
any inclosed place. 2. To drive out ; to force to leave. 
3. To eject ; to throw out. 4. To banish ; to exile. 5. 
To reject ; to refuse. 6. To exclude ; to keep out or off. 
— 7. In college government, to command to leave ; to dis- 
solve the connection of a student. 

EX-PEL'LA-BLE, a. That may be expelled or driven out. 

EX-PEL'LED, (ex-peld') pp. Driven out or away ; forced 
to leave ; banished ; exiled ; excluded. 

EX-PEL'LER, n. He or that which drives out or away. 

EX-PEL'LING, ppr. Driving out ; forcing away ; compel- 
ling to quit or depart ; banishing ; excluding. 

EX-PEND', v. t. [L. expendo.] 1. To lay out ; to disburse ; 
to spend ; to deliver or distribute, either in payment or in 
donations. 2. To lay out ; to use ; to employ ; to con- 
3. To use and consume. 4. To consume : to dis- 



sipate ; to waste. 

EX-PEND', V. i. To be laid out, used or consumed. 

EX-PEND'ED, pp. Laid out ; spent ; disbursed ; used. 

EX-PEND'ING, ppr. Spending; using; employing. 

EX-PEND'I-TURE, n. 1. The act of expending ; a laying 
out, as of money ; disbursement. Price. 2. Money ex- 
pended ; expense. 

EX-PENSE', (ex-pens') n. [L. expensum.] 1. A laying out 
or expending ; the disbursing of money, or the employ- 
ment and consumption, as of time or labor. 2. Money 
expended ; cost ; charge ; that which is disbursed in pay- 
ment or in charity. 3. That which is used, employed, 
laid out or consumed. 

EX-FF,NSE'FIJL. (ex-pens'ful) a. Costly ; expensive. [L. u.] 

t EX-PEWtoE'FUL-LY, adv. 'in a costly manner. Weever. 

EX-PENSE'LESS, (expens'les) a. Without expense. 

EX-PENS'IVE, a. 1. Costly ; requiring much expense. 2. 
Given to expense ; free in the use of money ; extrava- 
gant ; lavish. 3. Liberal ; generous. 

EX-PENS'IVE-LY, adv. With great expense ; at great cost 
or charge. Sioift. 

EX-PENS'IVE-NESS, n. 1. Costliness ; the quality of in- 
curring or requiring great expenditures of money. 2. 
Addictedness to expense ; extravagance. 

EX-Pe'RI-ENCE, n. [L. experientia.] I. Trial, or a series 



of trials or experiments ; active effort or attempt to do or 
to prove something, or repeated eftbrts. A single trial is 
usually denominated an experiment ; experience may be a 
series of trials, or the result of such trials. 2. Observation 
of a fact or of the same facts or events happening unuer 
like circumstances. 3. Trial from suffering or enjoy- 
ment ; suffering itself; the use of the senses. 4. Knowl- 
edge derived from trials, use, practice, or from a series of 
observations. 

EX-Pe'RI-ENCE, v. t. 1. To try by use, by suffering or by 
enjoyment. 2. To know by practice or trial ; to gain 
knowledge or skill by practice or by a series of observa- 
tions. 

EX-Pe'RI-ENCED, pjj. 1. Tried; used ; practiced. 2. a. 
Taught by practice or by repeated observations ; skilful or 
wise by means of trials, use or observation. 

EX-Pe'RI-EN-CER, n. One who makes trials or experi- 
ments. 

EX-Pe'RI-EN-CING, ppr. Making trial ; suffering or en- 
joyingi 

EX-Pe'RI-ENT, a. Having experience. Beaumont and 
Fletcher. 

EX-PER'I-MENT, « [L. experimentum.] A trial; an act 
or operation designed to discover some unknown truth, 
principle or effect, or to establish it when discovered. 

EX-PER'I-MENT, v. i. 1. To make trial ; to make an ex- 
periment ; to operate on a body in such a manner as to 
discover some unknown fact, or to establish it when 
known. 2. To try ; to search by trial. 3. To experi- 
ence; [obs.] 

EX-PER'I-MENT, v. t. To try ; to know by trial. 

EX-PER-I-MENT'AL, a. I. Pertaining to experiment. 2. 
Known by experiment or trial ; derived from experiment. 

3. Built on experiments ; founded on trial and observa- 
tions, or on a series of results, the effects of operations. 4. 
Taught by experience ; having personal experience. 5. 
Known by experience ; derived from experience. 

EX-PJSR-I-MENT'AL-IST, 71. One who makes experiments. 

EX-PER-I-MENT'AL-LY, adv. 1. By experiment ; by tri- 
al ; by operation and observation of results. 2. By expe- 
rience ; by suffering or enjoyment. 

EX-PER'I-MENT-ER, n. One who makes experiments ; 
one skilled in experiments. 

EX-PER'I-MENT-ING, ppr. Making experiments or trials 

EX-PERT', a. [L. expertus.] I. Properly, experienced ; 
taught by use, practice or experience ; hence, skilful ; 
well instructed ; having familiar knowledge of. 2. Dex- 
trous ; adroit ; ready ; prompt ; having a facility of opera- 
tion or performance from practice. 

t EX-PERT', v.«. To experience. Spenser. 

EX-PERT'LY, adv. In a skilful or dextrous manner; 
adroitly ; with readiness and accuracy. 

EX-PERT'NESS, n. Skill derived from practice; readi- 
ness ;_dexterity ; adroitness. 

t EX-Pe'TI-BLE, a. [L. expetibUis.] That may be wished 
for; desirable. 

EX'PI-A-BLE, a. [L. expiabilis.] That may be expiated } 
that may be atoned for and done away. 

EX'PI-ATE, V. t. [L. expio.] 1. To atone for ; to make 
satisfaction for ; to extinguish the guilt of a crime by sub- 
sequent acts of piety or worship, by which the obligation 
to punish the crime is canceled. 2. To make reparation 
for. 3. To avert the threatis of prodigies. 

EX'PI-A-TED, pp. Atoned for; done away by satisfac- 
tion offered and accepted. 

EX'PI-A-TING, ppr. Making atonement or satisfaction for ; 
destroying or removing guilt, and canceling the obligation 
to punish. 

EX-PI-A'TION, n. [L. expiatio.] 1. The act of atoning 
for a crime ; the act of making satisfaction for an offense ; 
atonement ; satisfaction. 2. The means by which atone- 
ment for crimes is made ; atonement. — 3. Among ancient 
heathens, an act by which the threats of prodigies were 
averted. 

EX'PI-A-TO-RY, a. Having the power to make atonement 
or expiation. 

EX-PI-La'TION, n. [L. expilatio.] A stripping ; the act 
of committing waste on land ; waste. [Little used.] 

EX-PiR'A-BLE, a That may expire ; that may come to an 
end. 

EX-PI-Ra'TION, 71. [L. expiratio.] 1. The act of breath- 
ing out, or forcing the air from the lungs. 2. The .ast 
emission of breath; death. 3. The emission of volatile 
matter from any substance; evaporation; exhalation. 

4. Matter expired ; exhalation ; vapor ; fume. 5. Cessa- 
tion ; close ; end ; conclusion ; termination of a limited time. 

EX-PiRE', V. t. [L. expiro.] I. To breathe out; to throw 
out the breath from the lungs. 2. To exhale ; to emit in 
minute particles, as a fluid or volatile matter. 3. To con- 
clude; [obs,] 

EX-PiRE , V. i. 1. To emit the last breath, as an animal ; 
to die ; to breathe the last. 2. To r erish ; to eni* 'xj fail 
or be destroyed ; to come to notbinr : lo be tru*frated. 
3. To fly out; to be thrown out with force. 4. To come 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this t Obsolete 



EXP 



3^0 



EXP 



to an end ; to cease ; to terminate ; to close or conclude, 
as a given period, 

EX-PIR'ING, ppr. 1. Breathing out air from the lungs ; 
emitting fluid or volatile matter; exhaling ; dying; end- 
ing; terminating. 2. a. Pertaining to or uttered at the 
time of dying. 

t EX-PIS-€a'TION, 71. [L. ez and piscatio.] A fishing. 
Chapman. 

EX-PLaIN', r. t. [L. explano.] To make plain, manifest 
or intelligible ; to clear of obscurity ; to expound ; to il- 

» lustrate by discourse, or by notes, 

EX-PLaIN', v. i. To give explanations. 

EX-PLaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be cleared of obscurity ; 
capable of being made plain to the understanding ; capa- 
ble of being interpreted, 

EX-PLaIN'ED, ''px-pland') pp. Made clear or obvious to 
the understanding; expounded; illustrated. 

EX-PLa. i>I'EK,, n. One who explains ; an expositor ; a 
commentator ; an interpreter, Harris. 

EX-PLAIN'ING, ppr. Expounding ; illustrating ; interpret- 
ing ; openmg to the understanding; clearing of obscu- 
rity, 

EX-PLA-Na'TION, n. [L, explanatio.] 1. The act of ex- 
plaining, expounding or interpreting ; exposition ; illus- 
tration ; interpretation ; the act of clearing from obscurity 
and making intelligible. 2. The sense given by an ex- 
pounder or interpreter. 3. A mutual exposition of terms, 
meaning or motives, with a view to adjust a misunder- 
standing, and reconcile differences; reconciliation, 

EX-PLAN'A-TO-RY, u. Serving to explain; containing 
explanation. 

EX-PLe'TION, n. [li. expletio.} Accomplishment ; fulfill- 
ment. ( Little 2ised.] Killingbeck. 

EX'PLi:.-4'lVE, a. [Fx. expletif.] Filling ; added for sup- 
ply or ornament. 

EX'PLE-TlVE, n. In language, a word or syllable insert- 
ed to fill a vacancy, or for ornament. 

EX'PLI-€A-BLE, a. [L, explicahilis.] 1. Explainable ; 
that may be unfolded to the mind ; that may be made in- 
telligible, 2. That may be accounted for. 

EX'PLI-€ATE, V. t. [L, explico.] 1. To unfold ; to ex- 
pand ; to open. 2, To unfold the meaning or sense ; to 
explain ; to clear of difficulties or obscurity ; to inter- 
pret, 

EX'PLI-GA-TED, pp. Unfolded; explained. 

EX'PL1-€A-TING, ppr. Unfolding ; explainhig ; inter- 
preting, 

EX-PLI-€a'TION, n. 1. The act of opening or unfolding. 
2. The act of explaining ; explanation ; exposition ; in- 
terpretation, 3, The sense given by an expositor or in- 
terpreter, 

EX'PLI-€A-TlVE, or EXTLI-€A-TO-RY, a. Serving to 
unfold or explain ; tending to lay open to the under- 
standing. 

EX'PLT-€A-TOR, n. One who unfolds or explains. 

EX-PLIC'IT, a. [L. e.rpZicitus,] Literally, unfolded. Hence, 
plain in language ; clear, not obscure or ambiguous ; ex- 
press, not merely implied ; open ; unreserved ; having 
no disguised meaning or reservation, 

I EX'PLIC-IT, [L.] A word found at the conclusion of our 
old books, signifying the end,, or it is finished, as we now 
find^?iis, 

EX-PLIC'IT-LY, adv. Plainly; expressly; without du- 
plicity ; without disguise or reservation of meaning, 

EX-PLIC'IT-NESS, n. Plainness of language or expres- 
sion ;_clearness; direct expression. 

EX-PLoDE', V. i. [L. explodo.] To utter a report with 
sudden violence ; to burst and expand with force and a 
violent report. 

EX-PLoDE', v.t. 1. To decry or reject with noise; to 
express disapprobation of, with noise or marks of con- 
tempt, 2, To reject with any marks of disapprobation or 
disdain : to treat with contempt, and drive from notice ; 
to drive into disrepute ; or, in general, to condemn ; to re- 
ject ; to cry down. 3, To drive out with violence and 
noise, 

EX-PLoD'ED, pp. Driven away by Msst^s or noise ; reject- 
ed ; condemned ; cried down", 

EX-PLoD'ER, n. One who explodes or rejects, 

EX-PLoD'ING, jipr. Bmsting and expanding with force 
and a violent report ; rejecting ; condemning. 

EX-PLOIT', 71. [Fr. exploit.] 1. A deed or act; more es- 
pecially, a heroic act; a deed of renown ; a gi-eat or noble 
achievement. [Exploiture, in a like sense, is not in 
use ] — ^2, In a ludicrous sense, a great act of wickedness, 

t EX-PLOIT', ?). t. To achieve. Camden. 

t EX-PLO'RATE, V. t. To explore. See Explore, 

EX-PLO-Ra'TION, n. The act of exploring ; close search ; 
strict or careful examination. 

EX-PLO-Ra'TOR, n. One who explores, 

EX-PLoR'A-TO-RY, a. Serving to explore ; examining, 

EX-PLoRE', V. t. [L. exploro.] 1. To search for making 
discovery ; to view with care ; to examine closely by the 
eye. 2. To search by any means , to try. 3. To search 



or pry into : to scrutinize ; to inquire with care j to ex • 
amine closely with a view to discover truth. 

EX-PLoR'ED, (ex-pl6rd');?p. Searched; viewed ; examin- 
ed closely. 

EX-PLoRE'MENT, n. Search ; trial, [Little used.] 

EX-PLOR'ING, P2''*- Searching ; viewing; examining, 

EX-PLo'SION, n. 1. A bursting with noise ; a bursting or 
sudden expansion of any elastic fluid, with force and a 
loud report, 2, The discharge of a piece of ordnance 
3, The sudden burst of sound in a volcano, &c. 

EX-PLo'SIVE, a. Driving or bursting out with violence 
and noisej causing explosion. 

EX-PO-LI-a'TION, n. [L. expoUatio.] A spoiling ; a wast- 
ing. See Spoliation. 

f EX-POL'ISH, for polish, a useless word, 

EX-Po'NENT, 71. [L, exponens.] 1, In algebra, the num- 
ber or figure which, placed above a root at the right hand, 
denotes how often that root is repeated, or how many 
multiplications are necessary to produce the power, 2. 
The exponent of the ratio or proportion between two num- 
bers or quantities, is the quotient arising when the ante- 
cedent is divided by the consequent, 

EX-PO-NEN'TIAL, a. Exponential curves are such as par- 
take both of the nature of algebraic and transcendental 
ones. 

EX-P6ET', V. t, [L, exporto.] To carry out ; to convey 
or transport, in traffick, produce and goods from one coun- 
try to another, 

EX'PORT, 71, A commodity actually conveyed from one 
country or state to another in traffick, or a commodity 
which m?.y be exported. 

EX-PoRT'lA-BLE, a. That may be exported. 

EX-POR-Ta'TION, 71. 1. The act of exporting ; the act of 
conveying goods and productions from one country or 
state to another. 2. The act ot carrying out. 

EX-PoRT'ED, pp. Carried out of a country or state in 
trafiick. 

EX-P6RT'ER, 71. The person who exports. 

EX-PoRT'ING, ppr. Conveying to a foreign country. 

EX'PORT-TRADE, n. The trade which consists in the ex 
portation of commodities, 

t EX-PoS'AL, 71. Exposure, Swift. 

EX-PoSE', V. t. [Fr. exposer.] 1. To lay open ; to set to 
public view ; to disclose ; to uncover or draw from con 
cealment. 2, To make bare ; to uncover ; to remove 
from any thing that which guards or protects, 3, To re- 
move from shelter ; to place in a situation to be affected 
or acted on. 4, To lay open to attack, by any means. 
5. To make liable ; to subject, 6. To put in the power 
of, 7, To lay open to censure, ridicule or contempt. 8. 
To lay open, in almost any manner. 9, To put in dan- 
ger, 10, To cast out to chance ; to place abroad, or in a 
situation unprotected, II, To lay open ; to make pub- 
lic, 12, To offer ; to place in a situation to invite pur- 
chasers, 13, To offer to inspection, 

EX-PoS'ED, (ex-pozd') pp. Laid open ; laid bare ; uncov- 
ered ; unprotected ; made liable to attack ; offered for 
sale ; disclosed ; made public ; offered to view. 

EX-PoS'ED-NESS, n. A state of being exposed, open to at- 
tack, or unprotected. Edwards. 

EX-POS'ER, n. One who exposes, 

EX-PoS'ING, ppr. Lying or laying open ; making bare , 
putting in danger; disclosing; placing in any situation 
without protection ; offering to inspection or to sale. 

EX-PO-Sl"TION, 71. 1 . A laying open ; a setting to public 
view. 2. A situation in which a thing is exposed or laid 
open, or in which it has an unobstructed view, or in 
which a free passage to it is open. 3. Explanation ; in- 
terpretation. 

EX-POS'I-TIVE, a. Explanatory ; laying open. 

EX-POS'I-TOR, 71. [L.] 1, One who expounds or explains ; 
an interpreter. 2. A dictionary or vocabulary which ex- 
plains words. 

EX-POS'I-TO-RY, a. Serving to explain or illustrate. 

EX Post facto, [L,] in law, done after another thing. 
An ex post facto law, in criminal cases, consists in de- 
claring an act penal or criminal, which was innocent 
when done, — An ex post facto law is one that renders an 
act punishable in a manner in which it was not punisha- 
ble at the time it was committed, 

EX-POS'TU-LATE, v. i. [L. expostulo.] To reason earn- 
estly with a person, on some impropriety of his con- 
duct. 

t EX-POS'TU-LATE, v. t. To discuss ; to examine, 

EX-POS'TU-LA-TING, ppr. Reasoning or urging argu- 
ments against any improper conduct. 

EX-POS-TU-La'TION, n. 1. Reasoning with a person in 
opposition to his conduct. — 2. In rhetoric, an address con- 
taining expostulation. 

EX-POS'TU-LA-TOR, n. One who expostulates, 

EX-POS'TU-LA-TO-RY, a. Containing expostulation. 

EX-Po'SURE, (.ex-po'zhur) n. 1. The act of exposing or 
laying open, 2, The state of being laid open to view, to 
danger, or to any inconvenience. 3, The situation of a 



See Synopsis. A, K, l, O, O, "?, io7i^,— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— PiN, MARINE, BiRD ;— j Obsolete 



EXP 



321 



EXT 



place in regard to points of compass, or to a free access of 
air or light. 
EX-POUND', V. t. [L, expono.] 1. To explain; to lay 
open the meaning ; to clear of obscurity ; to interpret. 

2. To lay open ; to examine ; [obs.] 
EX-POUJN'D'ED, pp. Explained; interpreted. 
EX-POUND'ER, n. An explainer ; one who interprets. 
EX-POUND'IiN^G, ppr. Explaining ; laying open ; making 

clear to the understanding ; interpreting. 

EX-PRe'FE€T, 71. A prefect out of office. 

EX-PRESI-DENT, n. One who has been president, but 
is no longer in the office. 

EX-PRESS', V, t. [Sp. expresar.] 1. To press cr squeeze 
out ; to force out by pressure. 2. To utter ; to declare in 
words ; to speak. 3. To write or engrave ; to represent in 
written words or language. 4. To represent ; to exhibit 
by copy or resemblance. 5. To represent or show by 
imitation or the imitative arts ; to form a likeness. 6. To 
show or make known ; to indicate. 7 To denote ; to 
designate. 8. To extort ; to elicit. 

EX-PRESS', a. 1. Plain ; clear ; expressed ; direct ; not 
ambiguous. 2. Given in direct tenns ; not implied or left 
to inference. 3. Copied ; resembling ; bearing an exact 
representation. 4. Intended or sent for a particular pur- 
pose, or on a particular errand. 

EX-PRESS', 71. 1. A messenger sent on a particular errand 
or occasion. 2. A message sent. 3. A declaration in 
plain terms ; [obs.] 

EX-PRESS'ED, (ex-presf) pp. Squeezed or forced out, as 
juice or liquor ; uttered in words ; set down in writing or 
letters ; declared ; represented ; shown. 

EX-PRESS'I-BLE, a. 1. That may be expressed ; that may 
be uttered, declared, shown or represented. 2. That 
may be squeezed out. 

EX-PRESS'TNG, ppr. Forcing out by pressure ; uttering ; 
declaring ; showing ; representing. 

EX-PRES'SION, n. 1. The act of expressing ; the act of 
forcing out by pressure. 2. The act of uttering, declar- 
ing or representing; utterance; declaration; representa- 
tion. 3. A phrase, or mode of speech. — 4. In rhetoric, el- 
ocution ; diction; the peculiar manner of utterance, suit- 
ed to the subject and sentiment. — 5. In painting, a natu- 
ral and lively representation of the subject. — 6. In music, 
the tone, grace or modulation of voice or sound suited to 
any particular subject ; that manner which gives life and 
reality to ideas and sentiments. — 7. Theatrical expression 
]s a distinct, sonorous and pleasing pronunciation, accom- 
panied with action suited to the subject. 

EX-PRESS'iVE, a. 1. Serving to express ; serving to utter 
or represent. 2. Representing with force ; emphatical. 

3. Showing ; representing. 
j3X-PRESS'IVE-LY, adv. In an expressive manner ; clear- 
ly ; fully ; with a clear representation. * 

EX-PRESS'IVE-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being express- 
ive ; the power of expression or representation by words. 
2. The power or force of representation ; the quality of 
presenting a subject strongly to the senses or to the mind. 

EX-PRESS'LY, adv. In direct terms ; plainly. 

t EX-PRESS'NESS, n. The power of expression. Ham- 
mond. 

EX-PRESS'URE, n. Expression; utterance; representa- 
tion ; mark ; impression. \Liitle used.] 

* EX'PRO-BRATE, or EX-PRo'BRATE, v. t. [L. expro- 
bro.] To upbraid ; to censure as reproachful; to blame ; 
to condemn. 

EX-PRO-BRa'TION , n. The act of charging or censuring 
reproachfully ; reproachful accusation ; the act of up- 
braiding. 

EX-PROB'RA-TiVE, a. Upbraiding ; expressing reproach. 

EX-PRO'PRI-ATE, v. t. [L. ex and proprius.] To disen- 
gage from appropriation ; to hold no longer as one's own; 
to give up a claim to exclusive property. 

EX-PRO-PRI-A'TION, n. The act of discarding appropri- 
ation, or declining to hold as one's own. 

EX-PuGN', (ex-piine') v. t. [L. expugno.] To conquer ; 
to take by assault, Johnson. 

EX-PUG'NA-BLE, a. That may be forced. 

EX-PUG-Na'TION, 71. Conquest ; the act of taking by as- 
sault. 

EX-PuGN'ER, (ex-pun'er) n. One who subdues. 

EX-PULSE', (ex-puls') v. t. [Fr. expulser.] To drive out ; 
to expel. [Little used.] Shak. 

fEX-PUL'SER, 71. An expeller. Cotgrave. 

EX-PUL'SION, 71. 1. The act of driving out or expelling ; 
a driving away by violence. 2. The state of being driven 
out or away. 

EX-PUL'SIVE, a. Having the power of driving out or 
away ; serving to expel. Wiseman. 

EX-PUN€iTI0N,7i. The act of expunging ; the actof blot- 
ling out or erasing. Milton. 

EX-PTJN6E', (ex-punj') v. t. [L. expunge] 1. To blot 
out, as with a pen ; to rub out ; to effiice, as words ; to 
obliterate. 2. To efface ; to strike out; to wipe out or de- 
stroy ; to annihilate. 



EX-PUN6'ED, (ex-punj d') pp. Blotted out; obliterated 

destroyed. 
EX-PUN6'ING, ppr. Blotting out; erasing; effacing. 
EX 'PUR-GATE, v. t. [L. expurgo.] To pmge ; to 

cleanse ; to purify from any thing noxious, offensive or 

erroneous. 
EX'PUR-GA-TED, pp. Purged ; cleansed ; purified. 
EX'PUR-GA-TING,p^r. Purging; cleansing; purifying. 
EX-PUR-Ga'TION, 71. 1. The act of purging or cleansing • 

evacuation. 2. A cleansing; purification. 
EX'PUR-GA-TOR, n. One who expurgates or purifies. 
tEX-PUR-GA-TO'RI-OUS, a. Expunging. Milton. 
EX-PURG'A-TO-EY, a. Cleansing ; purifying ; serving to 

purify from any thing noxious or erroneous, 
t EX-PURGE', (ex-purj') v. t. [L. expurgo.'] To purge 

away. Milton. 
t EX-QUIRE', V. t. [L. exquiro] To search iuto or out. 
EX'Q,UI-SlTE, a. [L. exqvisitus.] I. Nice ; exact ; very 

excellent ; complete ; capable of nice perception ; capable 

of nice discrimination. 2. Being in the highest degree 

extreme. 3. Very sensibly felt. 
EX'aUI-SiTE-LY, adv. I. Nicely; accurately; with 

great perfection. 2. With keen sensation or with nice 

perception. 
EX'aUI-SlTE-NESS, 7i. 1. Nicety; exactness; accuracy; 

completeness ; perfection. 2. Keenness ; sharpness ; ex- 
tremity. 
t EX-aUIS'I-TlVE, a. Curious ; eager to discover. 
t EX-QUIS'I-TiVE-LY, adv. Curiously ; minutely. 
EX-REP-RE-SENT' A-TlVE, n. One who has been for- 
merly a representative, but is no longer one. 
EX-SAN'GUI-OUS, a. [L. exsanguis.] Destitute of blood, 

or rather of red blood. 
EX-SCIND', V. t. [L. exscindo.] To cut off. [Little used.] 
t EX-SCRIBE', V. t. [L. exscribo.] To copy ; to transcribe 
t EX'SCEIPT, 71. A copy ; a transcript. 
EX-SE€'RE-TA-RY, n. One who has been secretary, but 

is no longer in office. 
EX-SECTION, n. [L. exsectio.] A cutting off. 
EX-SEN'A-TOR, n. One who has been a senator, but is 

no longer one. 
EX-SERT', I a. [L. cxsero.] Standing out ; protruded 
EX-SERT'ED, ] from the corol. 
EX-SERT'ILE, a. That may be thrust out. 
EX-SI€'CANT, a. Drying ; evaporating moisture ; having 

the quality of drying. 

* EX'SI€-€ATE, or EX-SI€'€ATE, v. t. [L. exsicco.] To 
dry ; to exhaust or evaporate moisture. Brown. 

* EX'SI€-€A-TED, or EX-SI€'€A-TED, pp. Dried. 

* EX'SI€-eA-TING, or EX-SI€'€A-TING, ppr. Drying ; 
evaporating moisture. 

EX-SI€-Ca'TION, n. The act or operation of drying; 
evaporation of moisture ; dryness. Brown. 

EX-SfC'CA-TlVE, a. Having the power of drymg. 

EX-SPU-i"TION, I n. [L. expuo.] A discharge of saliva by 

EX-PU-l"TION, \ spitting. 

EX-STIP'U-LATE, a. [L. ex and stipula.] In botamj, hav- 
ing no stipules. 

EX-SU€'€OUS, a. [L. exsuccus.] Destitute of juice ; dry, 
BroiDJi, 

EX-SUCTION, 71. [L. exugo.] The act of sucking out. 
Boyle. 

EX-SU-Da'TION, n. [L. exudo.] I. A sweating; a dis- 
charge of humors or moisture from animal bodies, 2. The 
discharge of the juices of a plant, moisture from the earth, 
&c. 

EX-SuDE', V. t. To discharge the moisture cr juices of a 
living body through the pores ; also, to discharge the 
liquid matter of a plant by incisions. 

EX-SuDE', V. i. To flow from a living body through the 
pores, or by a natural discharge, as juice. 

EX-StJD'ED, pp. Emitted, as juice. 

EX-StJD'ING, ppr. Discharging, as juice. 

EX-SUF-FLa TION. n. [L. ex and sufflo.] 1. A'blowing 
or blast from beneath. 2. A kind of exorcism. 

t EX-SUF'FO-LATE, a. Contemptible. Shak. 

t EX-SUS'CI-TATE, 7;. t. [L. exs^iscito.] To rouse ; to ex- 
cite. 

t EX-SUS-CI-Ta'TION, n. A stirring up ; a rousing. 

t EX'TANCE, 71. [L. extans.] Outward existence. 

EX'TAN-CY, 71. [L. exstans.] 1. The state of rising above 
others. 2. Parts rising above the rest ; [little v^ed.] 
Boyle. 

EX'TANT, a. [L. exstans, extans.] 1. Standing out 01 
above any surface; protruded. 2. In being; now sub- 
sisting ; not suppressed, destroyed or lost. 

EX'TA-SY, EX-TAT'IC. See Ecstasy, Ecstatic. 

EX-TEM'PO-RA.L, a. [L. extemporalis.] 1. Made or uttered 
at the moment, without premeditation. 2. Speaking 
without premeditation. Instead of this word, extempora 
neous and extemporary are now used. 

EX-TEM'PO-RAL-LY, adv. Without premeditation. 

t EX-TEM-PO- iA'NE-AN. See EtTEMPORANEotJS. 

EX-TEM-PO-R.v'NE-OUS, a. [L. exUmporaneus.] Corn- 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE — € as K ; 6 as J ; S at Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tkis. f Oiaolett. 



EXT 



322 



EXT 



posed, performed or uttered at the tinje the subject occurs, 
without previous study ; unpremeditated. 

EX-TEM-PO-Ra'NE-OUS-LY, adv. Without previous 
study. 

EX-TEM'PO-RA-RI-LY, adv. Without previous study. 

£X-TEM'PO-RA-RY, a. [L. ex and temporarius.] Com- 
posed, performed or uttered without previous study or 
preparation. 

EX-TEM'PO-RE, adv. [L.] 1. Without previous study or 
meditation ; without preparation ; suddenly. 2. It is 
used as an adjective, improperly, or at least without ne- 
cessity. 

EX-TEM'PO-RI-NESS, n. The state of being unpremedi- 
tated ; the state of being composed, performed or uttered 
without previous study. 

EX-TEM'PO-RiZE, v. i. 1. To speak extempore ; to speak 
without previous study or preparation. 2. To discoorse 
without notes or written composition. 

EX-TEM'PO-RlZ-ER, n. One who speaks without previous 
study, or without written composition. 

EX-TEM'PO-RiZ-ING, jppr. Speaking without previous 
study, or preparation by writing. 

EX-TEND', V. t. [L. extendo.] 1. To stretch in any direc- 
tion; to cairy forward, or continue in len^h, as a line ; 
to spread in breadth ; to expand or dilate in size. 2. To 
stretch ; to reach forth. 3. To spread ; to expand ; to 
enlarge ; to widen. 4. To conthiue ; to prolong j as, to 
extend the time of payment. 5. To communicate; to be- 
stow on ; to use or exercise towards. 6. To impart ; to 
yield or give.— 7, In law, to value lands taken by a writ 
of extent in satisfaction of a debt; or to levy on lands, as 
an execution. 

EX-TEND', V. i. To stretch ; to reach ; to be continued in 
length or breadth. 

EX-TEND'ED, pp. Stretched ; spread ; expanded ; enlarg- 
ed ; bestowed on ; communicated ; levied. 

EX-TEND'ER, n. He or that which extends or stretches. 

EX-TEND'I-BLE, a. Capable of being extended. 

EX-TEND'ING, ppr. Stretching ; reachmg ; continuing m 
length ; spreading ; enlarging ; valuing. 

t EX-TEND'LESS-NESS, n. Unlimited extension. 

EX-TENS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The capacity of being extended, 
or of suffering extension. 

EX-TENS'I-BLE, a. That may be extended ; susceptible 
of enlargement. 

EX-TENS'I-BLE-NESS, n. ExtensibUity. 

EX-TENS'ILE, a. Capable of being extended. 

EX-TEN'SION, n. [L. extensio.] 1. The act of extending; 
a stretching. 2. The state of being extended; enlarge- 
ment in breadth, or continuation of length. — 3. In philos- 
ophy, that property of a body by which it occupies a por- 
tion of space. 

t EX-TEN'SION-AL, a. Having great extent. More. 

EX-TENS'IVE, a. 1. Wide ; large ; having great enlarge- 
ment or extent. 2. That may be extended ; [ofo.] 

EX-TENS'IVE-LY, adv. Widely ; to a great extent. 

EX-TENS'IVE-NESS, n. 1. Wideness ; largeness; extent. 

2. Extent; diffusiveness. 3. Capacity of being extend- 
ed. Ray. 

EX-TENS'OR, n. In anatomy, a muscle which serves to 

extend or straighten any part of the body. 
EX-TENT', n. Extended. Spenser. 
EX-TENT', 71. [L. extentus.'] 1. Space or degree to which 

a thing is extended ; compass ; bulk ; size. 2. Length. 

3. Communication ; distribution.— 4. In law, a writ of 
execution, or extendi facias , commanding a sheriff to value 
the lands of a debtor. 

EX-TEN'U-ATE, v. t. [L. extemio.l 1. To make thin, 
lean or slender. 2. To lessen ; to diminish, as a crime 
or guilt. 3. To lessen in representation ; to palliate. 4. 
To lessen or diminish in honor. 5. To make thin or rare. 

t EX-TEN'U-ATE, a. Thin ; slender. 

EX-TEN' U-A-TED, pp. Made thin, lean or slender ; made 
smaller ; lessened ; diminished ; palliated. 

EX-TEN'U-A-TING, ppr. Making thin or slender ; lessen- 
ing ; dimiiiishing ; palliating ; making rare. 

EX-TEN-U-A'TION, n. 1. The act of making thin; the 
process of growing thin or lean ; the losing of flesh, 2. 
The act representing any thing less wrong, faulty or 
crimmal than it is in fact ; palliation. 3. Mitigation ; 
alleviation. 

EX-Te'RI-OR, a. [L.] 1. External ; outward ; applied to 
the outside or outer surface of a body, and opposed to 
interior. 2 External ; on the outside, with reference to 
a person ; extrinsic. 3. Foreign ; relating to foreign na- 
tions. 

EX-Te'RI-OR, 71. 1. The outward surface ; that which is 
external. 2. Outward or visible deportment ; appearance. 

t EX-TE-RI-OR'I-TY, 71. Outwardness; the superficies. 
Cotgrave. 

EX-Te'RI-OR-LY, ad:> Outwardly , externally. 

EX-Te'RI-ORS, 71. plu. 1. The outward parts of a thing. 
2. Outward or external deportment, or forms and cere- 
monies ; visible acts. 



EX-TERM'I-NATE, v. t. [L. extermmo.] I. To destroy 
utterly ; to drive away ; to extirpate. 2. To eradicate ; 
to root out ; to extirpate. 3. To root out, as plants ; to 
extirpate. — 4. In algebra, to take away. 

EX-TERM'I-NA-TED, pp. Utterly driven away or destroy- 
ed ; eradicated ; extirpated. 

EX-TERM'I-NA-TING, ppr. Driving away, or totally de- 
stroying ; eradicating ; extirpating. 

EX-TERM-I-Na'TION, 71. 1. The act of exterminating ; 
total expulsion or destruction ; eradication ; extirpation ; 
excision. — 2. In algebra, a taking away. 

EX-TERM'I-NA-TOR, n. He or that which exterminates. 

EX-TERM'I-NA-TO-RY, a. Serving to exterminate, 

t EX-TERM'INE, v. t. To exterminate. Shak. 

EX-TERN', a. [L. externus.] 1. External ; outward ; vis- 
ible. 2. Without itself ; not inherent ; not intrinsic, 

EX-TERN'AL, a. [L. externus.] 1. Outward; exterior; 
as tiie external surface of a body ; opposed to internal. 
2. Outward ; not intrinsic ; not being within. 3. Exte- 
rior ; visible ; apparent. 4. Foreign ; relating to or con- 
nected with foreign nations 

EX-TER-NAL'I-TY, n. External perception. A. Smith. 

EX-TERN' AL-LY, adv. 1. Outwardly; on the outside. 
2. In appearance ; visibly. 

EX-TERN'ALS, n. plu. 1. The outward parts; exterior 
form. 2. Outward rites and ceremonies ; visible forms. 

EX-TER-Ra'NE-OUS, a. [L. exterraneus.] Foreign ; com- 
ing from abroad. 

EX-TER'SION, n. [L. extersio.] The act of wiping or rub- 
bing out. 

EX-TILL', V. i. [L. extillo.] To drop or distil from. 

EX-TIL-La'TION, 71. The act of falling in drops. 

t EX-TIM'U-LATE. See Stimulate. 

EX-TIBI-U-La'TION. See Stimulation. 

EX-TIN€T', a. [L. extinctus.] 1. Extinguished ; put oui , 
quenched. 2. Being at an end ; having no survivor. 3. 
Being at an end; having ceased. 4. Being at an end, by 
abolition or disuse ; having no force. 

t EX-TIN€T', V. t. To make extinct ; to put out. .Sets of 
Pari. 

EX-TIN€'TION, n. [L. extinctio.] 1. The act of putting 
out or destroying light or fire. 2. The state of being ex- 
tinguished, quenched or suffocated. 3. Destruction ; ex- 
cision. 4. Destruction ; suppression ; a putting an end to. 

EX-TIN'GUISH, v.t. [L. extinguo.] 1. To put out; to 
quench ; to suffocate ; to destroy. 2. To destroy ; to put 
an end to. 3. To cloud or obscure by superior splendor 

EX-TIN'GUISH-A-BLE, a. That may be quenched, de- 
stroyed or suppressed. 

EX-TIN'GUISHED, pp. Put out ; quenched ; stifled ; sup- 
pressed ; destroved. 

EX-TIN'GUISH-ER, n. 1. He or that which extinguishes. 
2. A hollow conical utensil to be put on a candle to ex- 
tinguish it. 

EX-TIN'GUISH-ING, ppr. Putting out; quenchmg; sup- 
pressing ; destroying. 

EX-TIN'GUISH-MENT, n. 1. The act of putting out or 
quenching ; extinction ; suppression ; destruction. 2. Ab- 
olition ; nullification. 3. Extinction; a putting an end 
to, or a coming to an end ; termination. 4. The putting 
an end to a right or estate, by consolidation or union. 

t EX-TiRP', V. t. To extirpate. Spenser. 

EX-TiRP'A-BLE, a. That may be eradicated. 

* EX'TIR-PATE, or EX-TtR'PATE, v. t. [L. extirpo.] 
1. Tn pull or pluck up by the roots ; to root out ; to erad- 
icate ; to destroy totally. 2. To eradicate ; to root out ; 
to destroy wholly. — 3. In surgery, to cut out ; to cut off; 
to eat out ; to remove. 

* EX'TIR-PA-TED, or EX-TiR'PA-TED, pp. Plucked up 
bv the roots ; rooted out ; eradicated ; totally destroyed. 

* EX'TIR-PA-TING, or EX-TiR'PA-TING, ppr. Pulling 
up or out by the roots ; eradicating ; totally destroying. 

EX-TIR-Pa'TION, 71. The act of rooting out; eradication; 
excision ; total destruction. 

EX'TIR-PA-TOR, 71. One who roots out ; a destroyer. 

t EX-ri-SPl"CIOUS, a. [L. extispicium.] Augurial ; rela- 
ting to the inspection of entrails in order to prognostica- 
tion. Brown. 

EX-TOL', v. t. [L. extollo.] To raise in words or eulogy ; 
to praise ; to exalt in commendation ; to magnify. 

EX-TOL'LED, (ex-told') ppr. Exalted in commendation ; 
praised ; magnified. 

EX-TOL'LER, n. One who praises or magnifies ; a praiser 
or magnifier. 

EX-TOL'LING, ppr. Praising ; exalting by praise or com- 
mendation ; magnifying. 

EX-TORS'IVE, a. Serving to extort ; tending to draw from 
by compulsion. 

EX-TORS'IVE-LY, adv. In an extorsive manner. 

EX-TORT'. V. t. [L. extortus.] 1. To draw from by force 
or compulsion ; to wrest or wring from. 2. To gain bj 
violence or oppression. 

EX-TORT', V. i. To practice extortion. Spenser. 

t EX-TORT', pp. for extorted. Spenser. 



See Synopsis J , E, I, O, U, Y, long - FAR, F^LL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete 



EXT 



323 



EXU 



EX -TORT'ED, pp. Drawn from by compulsion. 

EX-TORT'ER, n. One who extorts. Camden. 

EX-TORT mG , ppr. Wresting from by force. 

£X-TOR'TIO?^ , n. 1. The act of extorting; the act or 
practice of wresting any thing from a person by fnrce, 
duress, menai:es, authority, or by any undue exercise of 
power; illegal exaction; illegal compulsion. 2. Force 
or ihegal compulsion, by which any thing is taken from a 
person. 

EX-TORTION-ER, 71. One who practices extortion. 

EX-TOR'TIOUS, a. Oppressive ; violent ; unjust. 

EX'TRA, a Latin preposition, denoting beyond or excess ; 
as, extra-work, extra-pay, work or pay beyond what is 
usual or agreed on. 

EX-TRAOT', V. t. [L. extractus.] 1. To draw out. 2. To 
draw out, as the juices or essence of a substance, by dis- 
tillation, solution or other means. 3. To take out ; to 
take from. 4. To take out or select a part ; to take a 
passage or passages from a book or writing. — 5. In a gen- 
eral sense, to draw from by any means or operation. 

EX'TRAOT, n. 1. That which is extracted or drawn from 
something. — 2. In liter aturr ^ a passage taken from a book 
or writing. — 3. In pharmacy, any thing drawn from a 
substance, as essences, tinctures, &c. — ^L In chemistry, a 
peculiar principle, supposed to form the basis of all vege- 
table extracts ; called also the extractive principle. 5. Ex- 
traction; descent; [obs.'] 

EX-TRACT'ED, pp. Drawn or taken out. 

EX-TRA€T'ING, ppr. Drawing or taking out. 

EX-TRA€'TION, n. [L. extractio.'] 1. The act of drawing 
out. 2. Descent; lineage; birth; derivation of persons 
from a stock or family. — 3. In pharmacy, the operation of 
drawing essences, tinctures, fee. from a substance. — 4. In 
arithmetic and algebra, the extraction of roots is the oper- 
ation of finding the root of a given number or quantity ; 
also, the method or rule by which the operation is per- 
fonned. 

EX-TRA€T'IVE, a. That may be extracted. Kirwan. 

EX-TRA€T'IVE, ?t. The proximate principle of vegetable 
extracts. 

EX-TRA€T'OR, v. In midwifery, a forceps or instrument 
for extracting children. 

t EX-TRA-DIO'TION-A-RY, a. [L. extra and dictio.'] Con- 
sisting not in words, but in realities. Brown. 

EX-TRA-Do'TAL, a. Not belonging to dower ; parapher- 
nal. Kent. 

EX-TRA-FO-LI-A'CEOUS, a. [L. extra and folium.'] In 
botany, growing on the outside of a leaf. 

EX-TRA-Ge'NE-OUS, a. [L. extra and genus.'] Belonging 
to another kind 

EX-TRA-JU-Di'CIAL, a. Out of the proper court, or the 
ordinary course of legal procedure. 

EX-TRA-JU-Dl'CIAL-LY, adv. In a manner out of the 
ordinary course of legal proceedings. 

EX-TRA-LIM'I-TA-RY, a. [extra and limit.] Being be- 
yond the limit or bounds. Mitford. 

EX-TRA-MIS'SION, n. A sending out ; emission, 

EX-TRA-MUX'DANE, a. ['L. extra an&mundus.] Beyond 
the limit of the material world. 

EX-TRa'NE-OUS, a. [L. extraneus.] Foreign ; not be- 
longing to a thing ; existing without ; not intrinsic. 

EX-TRAORDI-NA-RIES, n. plu. Things which exceed 
the usual order, kind or metliod. 

EX-TRAOR'DI-NA-RI-LY, (ex-tror'de-na-ri-ly) adv. In a 
manner out of the ordinary or usual method ; beyond the 
common course, limits or order ; in an uncommon degree ; 
remarkably ; particularly ; eminently. 

EX-TRAOR'DI-NA-RI-N£SS, n. Uncommonness ; re- 
markableness. 

EX-TRAOR'DI-NA-RY, (ex-tror'de-na-ry) a. [L. extraor- 
dinariu.o.] 1. Beyond or out of the common order or 
method ; not in the usual, customary or regular course ; 
not ordinary. 2. Exceeding the common degree or meas- 
ure ; hence, remarkable ; uncommon ; rare"; wonderfiil. 
3. Special ; particular ; sent for a special purpose, or on a 
particular occasion. 

EX-TRAOR'DI-NA-RY, n. Any thing which exceeds or- 
dinary method or computation. Uncommon in the singu- 
lar number. 

EX-TRAOR'DI-NA-RY, adv. ExtraordinariJy. 

EX-TRA-PA-Ro'€HI-AL, a. [extra and parochial.] Not 
within the limits of any parish. 

EX-TRA-PRO FES'SION-AL, a. Foreign to a profession ; 
not within the ordinarv limits of professional duty. 

EX-TRA-PRO-VIN'CIAL, a. Not within the same prov- 
ince. 

EX-TRA-REG'U-LAR, a. [extra and regular.] Not coaa- 
prehended within a rule or rules. Taylor. 

EX-TRA-TER-RI-TO'RI-AL, a. Being beyond or without 
the limits of a territory or particular jurisdiction. 

tEX-TRAlTGHT, old pp. of extract. 

EX-TRAV'A-GANCE; ; n. [L. extra and vagans.] 1. Lit- 

EX-TRAV'A-GAN-CY, \ erally, a wandering beyond a 
limit. 2. A going bej'ond the limits of strict truth, or 



probability. 3. Excess of affection, passion or appetite 
4. Excess in expenditures of property ; the expending of 
money without necessity, or beyond what is reasonable 
or proper ; dissipation. 5. Any excess or wandering ficom 
prescribed limits ; irregularity ; wilduess. 

EX-TRAV'A-GANT, a. 1. Literally, wandering beyond 
limits. 2. Excessive ; exceeding due bounds ; unreason 
able. 3. Irregular ; wild ; not within ordinary limits of 
truth or probability, or other usual bounds. 4. Exceeding 
necessity or propriety; wasteful. 5. Prodigal; profuse 
in expenses. 

EX-TRAV'A-GANT, n. One who is confined to no general 
rule. L^ Estrange. 

EX-TRAV'A-GANT-LY, adv. 1. In an extravagant man- 
ner ; wildly ; not within the limits of truth or probability 
2. Unreasonably ; excessively. 3. In a manner to use 
property without necessity or propriety, or to no good 
purpose ; expensively, or profusely to an unjustifiable 
degree. 

EX-TRAV'A-GANT-NESS, n. Excess ; extravagance. 

EX-TRAV'A-GANTS, 11. In church history, certain decre- 
tal epistles or constitutions of the popes. 

t EX-TRAV'A-GATE, v. i. To wander beyond limits. 

EX-TRAV-A-Ga'TION, n. Excess ; a wandering beyond 
limits. Smollet. 

EX-TRAV'A-SA-TED, a. [L. extra and. vasa.] Forced or 
let out of its proper vessels. Arbuthnot. 

EX-TRAV-A-Sa'TION, n. The act of forcmg or letting out 
of its proper vessels or ducts, as a fluid ; the state of being 
forced or let out of its contaming vessels ; effusion. 

t EX-TRA-Ve'NATE, a. Let out of the veins. 

EX-TRA-VER'SION, n. The act of throwing out ; the state 
of being turned or thrown out. [Little used.] 

fEX-TREAT', 71. Extraction. Spenser. 

EX-TRE?tIE', a. [L. extremus.] 1. Outermost; utmost, 
farthest ; at the utmost point, edge, or border. 2. Great- 
est ; most violent ; utmost. 3. Last ; beyond which 
there is none. 4. Utmost ; worst or best that can exist 
or be supposed. 5. Most pressing. — Extreme unction, 
among the Romanists, is the anointing of a sick person 
with oil, when decrepit with age, or affected with some 
mortal^ disease, and usually just before death. 

EX-TReME', 71. 1. The utmost point or verge of a thing ; 
that part which terminates a body ; extremity. 2. Ut- 
most point; furthest degree. — 3. In logic, the extremes 
or extreme terms of a syllogism are the predicate and sub- 
ject. — 4. In mathematics, tiie extremes are the first and 
last terms of a proportion. 

EX-TReME'LY, adv. I. In the utmost degree ; to the ut- 
most point. — 2. In familiar language, very much; 
greatly. 

EX-TREM'I-TY, n. [L. extremitas.] 1. The utmost point 
or side ; the verge ; the point or border that terminates a 
thing. 2. The utmost parts. 3, The utmost point; the 
highest or furthest degree. 4. Extreme or utmost dis- 
tress, straits or difficulties. 5. The utmost rigor or vio- 
lence. 6. The most aggravated state. 

EX'TRI-€A-BLE, ^. That can be extricated. 

EX'TRI-€ATE. v. t. [L. extrico.] ]. To disentangle; to 
free from difficulties or perplexities; to disembarrass. 2. 
To send oat ; to cause to be emitted or evolved. 

EX'TRI-rA-TED, pp. Disentangled ; freed from difficulties 
and perplexities ; disembarrassed; evolved. 

EX'TRI-€A-TING, ppr. Disentangling ; disembarrassing ; 
pv'olving. 

fX-TRI-Ca'TION, 71. 1. The act of disentangling ; a free- 
ing from perplexities ; disentanglement. 2. The act of 
sending out or evolving. 

EX-TRIN'SI€, }a. [L. extrinsecus.] External; out- 

EX-TRIN'SI-€AL, ) ward ; not contained in or belonging 
to a body. 

EX-TRIN'SI-€AL-LY, adv. From without ; externally. 

t EX-TRUOT, v. t. [L. extructus.] To build ; to construct. 

t EX-TRU€'TION, n. A building. 

EX-TRU€T'IVE, a. Forming into a structure. Fulke. 

t EX-TRU€T'OR, 7z. A builder; a fabricator; a contriver. 

EX-TRuDE', V. t. [L. extrudo.] 1. To thrust out ; to 
urge, force or press out; to expel. 2. To drive away ; to 
drive off. 

EX-TRuD'ED, pp. Thrust out ; driven out ; expelled. 

EX-TRuD'ING, ppr. Thrusting out ; expelling. 

EX-TRu'SION, 7i. The act of thrusting or throwing out ; a 
driving out ; expulsion. 

EX-TU'BER-ANCE, ) n. [L. extuberans.] 1. In medicine, 

EX-Tu'BER-.\N-CY, \ a swellmg or rising of the flesh ; 
a protuberant part. 2. A knob or swellmg part of a body. 

EX-TU'BE-RANT, a. Swelled ; standing out. 

t EX-Tu'BER-ATE, v. i. [L. extubero.] To swell. 

EX-TU-MES CENCE, n. [L. extumescens.] A swelling or 
rising. [Little used.] 

EX-U'BER-ANCE, )n. ['L. exuherans.] 1. An abundance-, 

EX-U'BER-AN-CY, \ an overflowing quantity ; richness. 
2. Superfluous abundance ; luxuriance. 3. Overgrowth, 
superfluous shoots, as of trees. 



* See Synopsis. flIOVE, BQQK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ) S as Z j CH as SH } TH as in this, f ObsoUis 



FAB 324 

EX-U'BER-ANT, a. I Abundant j plenteous ; rich. 2. 

Over-abundant ; superfluous ; luxuriant. 3. Pouring forth 

abundance ; producing in plenty. 
EX-U BER-ANT-LY, adv. Abundantly; very copiously; 

in great plenty ; to a superfluous degree. 
EX-U'BER-ATE, v. i. [L. exubero.] To abound; to be in 



FAB 



great abundance. [Little used.] 
1, a. r 

Brown 



EX-U€'€OUS, 



L. exsuccus.] Without juice ; dry. 



*EX'U-DATE, or EX-UDE', v. t. and i. See Exsude, the 
preferable orthography, 

EX-U-Da'TION, n. See Exsudation. 

EX-UD'ED, pp. See Exsuded. 

EX-UDING, ppr. See Exsuding. 

EX-UL'CER ate, v. t. [L. exulcero.] 1. To cause an ul- 
cer. 2. To afflict ; to corrode ; to fret or anger. 

EX-UL CER-ATE, v. i. Tc become an ulcer, or ulcerous. 

EX-UL'CER-ATE, a. Wounded ; vexed ; enraged Brown. , 

EX-UL CER-A-TED, pp. Affected with ulcers. 

EX-UL'CER-A-TING, ppr. Producing ulcers on ; frettmg ; 
becoming ulcerous. 

EX-UL-CER-a'TION, n. 1. The act of causing ulcers on a 
body, or the process of becoming ulcerous ; the beginning 
erosion which wears away the substance, and forms an 
ulcer. 2. A fretting; exacerbation; corrosion. 

EX-UL'CER- A-TO-RY, a. Having a tendency to form ul- 
cers. 

EX-ULT', (egz-ulf) V. i. [L. exulto.] To rejoice in tri- 
umph ; to rejoice exceedingly at success or victory ; to be 
glad above measure ; to triumph. 

lix-ULT'AN-CY, i ""• Exultation. Hammond. 

EX-ULT' ANT, a. Rejoicing triumphantly. More. 

EX-UL-Ta'TION, n. The act of exulting ; lively joy at 
success or victory, or at any advantage gained ; great 
gladness; rapturous delight; triumph. 

EX-ULT'ING, ppr. Rejoicing greatly or in triumph. 

t EX-UN'DATE, v. i. To overflow. 

EX-UN-Da'TION, n. [L. exundatio.] An overflowing 
abundance. [Little used,] Ray. 

t EX-U'PER-ATE, v. t. To excel ; to surmount. 

f EX-UR'6ENT, a. [L. exurgens.] Arising; commencing. 
Dr. Favour. 

t EX-US'CI-TATE, V, t. [L. exsuscito.] To stir up ; to rouse. 

t EX-UST', w. t. [li, exustv^.] To burn. Cockeram. 

£X-US'TION, 71. [L. exustus.] The act or operation of 
burning up. 

EX-U'VI-jE, n. plu. [L.l 1. Cast skins, shells or cover- 
ings of animals. 2. The spoils or remains of animals 
found in the earth. 

EY, in old writers, Sax. ig, signifies an isle. 

E^'AS, 71. [Fr. niais,] A young hawk just taken from the 
nest, not able to prev for itself. Shak. 

fE-f'AS, a. Unfledged. Spenser, 

EfAS-MUS'KET, n. A young unfledged male hawk, of 
the musket kind, or sparrow-hawk. Shak. 

Ef'E, (I) 71. [Sax. eag, eah.] 1. Tlte organ of sight or vis- 
ion ; properly, the globe or ball movable in the orbit. 2. 
sight ; view ; ocular knowledge. 3. Look ; countenance. 
4. Front; face. 5. Direct opposition. 6. Aspect; re- 
gard ; respect ; view. 7. Notice ; observation ; vigilance ; 
watch. 8. View of the mind ; opinion formed by obser- 
vation or contemplation. 9. Sight; view, eithei in a lit- 
eral or figurative sense. 10. Something resembliinjr the 
eye in form. 11. A small hole or aperture ; a perforation. 



12. A small catch for a hook ; as we say, hooks and eyes 

13. The bud of a plant ; a shoot. 14. A small shade of 
color ; [little used.] 15. The power of perception. 16. 
Oversight ; inspection.— The eyes of a ship are the parts' 
which lie near the hawse-holes, particularly, in the lowei 
apartments. — To set the eyes on is to see ; to have a sight 
of.—T'o find favor in the eyes is to be graciously received 
and treated. 

EYE, 71. A brood ; as, an eye of pheasants. 

EYE, V. t. To fix the eye on ; to look on ; to view ; to ob 
serve ; particularly, to observe or watch narrowly. 

EYE, v.i. Toappesr; to have an appearance. Shak. 

E^E'B^LL, 71. The ball, globe or apple of the eye. 

EYE Beam, 71. A glance of the eye. Shak, 

EyE'BoLT, n. In ships, a bar of iron or bolt, with an eye, 
formed^ to be driven into.the deck or sides. 

EYE BRIGHT, n. A genus of plants, the euphrasia. 

EyE'BRiGHT-EN-ING, n. A clearing of the sight. 

EYE'BROW, 71. The brow or hairy arch above the eye. 

Eyed pp l~ viewed ; observed ; watched. 2. a. Hav- 
ing eyes ; used in composition 

EYEDROP, 71. A tear. Shak. 

EYE'GLivNCE, n. A glance of the eye ; a rapid look. 

EYE'GLASS, n. A glass to assist the sight ; spectacles. 

t EyE'-GLUT-TING, n. A feasting of the eyes. Spenser 

EYE'LASH, 71. The line of hair that edges the eyelid. 

EyE'LESS, a. Wanting eyes; destitute of sight. 

EYE'LET, n. [Fr. oRillet,] A small hole or perforation, to 
receive a lace or small rope or cord. 

EYE'LI-AD, 71. [Fr. aillade.] A glance of the eye. 

EYE'LID, 71. The cover of the eye ; that portion of mova- 
ble skin with v/hich an animal covers the eyebcdl, or un- 
covers it, at pleasure. 

EYE'-OF-FEND'ING, a. That hurts the eyes. Shale. 

EYE'-PLeAS-ING, a. Pleasing the eye. Davies. 

EY'ER, n. One who eyes another. Gayton. 

EYE'-SALVE, n. Ointment for the eye. Revelation. 

EYE'-SER-VANT, 71. A servant who attends to his duty 
only when watched. 

EyE'-SER-VICE, 71. Service performed only under inspec- 
tion or the eye of an employer. 

EYE'SHOT, 71. Sight ; view ; glance of the eye. Dryden. 

EYE'SiGHT, 71. 1. The sight of the eye ; view ; observa- 
tion. 2. The sense of seeing. 

EyE'SORE, 71. Something oflensive to the eye or sight. 

EYE'SPLiCE, 71. In seamen's language, a sort of eye or 
circle at the end of a rope. Mar. Diet. 

EyE'SPOT-TED, a. Marked with spots like eyes. Spenser. 

EYE'STONE, n. A small calcarious stone, used for taking 
substances from between the lid and bail of the eye. 

EYE'STRING, n. The tendon by which the eye is mov- 
ed. 

EYE'TOOTH, n. A tooth under the eye ; a pointed tooth 
in the upper jaw next to the grinders, called also a canine 
tooth ; a fang. 

EYE' WINK, n, A wink, or motion of the eyelid. 

EyE'-WIT-NESS, 71. One who sees a thing done ; one who 
has ocular view of any thing. 

EY'OT, n. A little isle. Blackstone. 

* EyRE, (ire) n. [Old Fr.] 1. Literally, a journey or cir- 
cuit. In England, the justices in eyre were itinerant 
judges, who rode the circuit to hold courts in the difllerent 
counties. 2. A court of itinerant justices. 

* EY'RY, 71. The place where birds of prey construct their 
nests and hatch. It is written also ei/'^e. See-AsRis. 



F. 



Fthe sixth letter of the English Alphabet, is a labial ar- 
y ticulation, formed by placing the upper teeth on the 
under lip, and accompanied with an emission of breath. 
Its kindred letter is v, which is chiefly distinguished from 
/by being more vocal, or accompanied with more sound, 
as may be perceived by pronouncing ef, ev, F, in English, 
has one uniform sound, as in father, after, F stand's for 
fellow ; F. R. S., Fellow of the Royal Society. 

F or FA, in music, is the fourth note rising in this order in 
the gamut, wf, re, mi, fa. 

FA-Ba'CEOUS, a, [Low Tu.fabaceus.] Having the nature 
of a bean; like a bean. 

Fa'BI-AN, a. Delaying ; dilatory ; avoiding battle, in imi- 
tation of a. Fabius Maximus. 

Fa'BLE, 71. [L.fabula; Ft. fable,] 1. A feigned story or 
tale, intended to instruct or amuse ; a fictitious narration 
intended to enforce some useful truth or precept. 2. Fic- 
tion in general. 3. An idle story ; vicious or vulgar fic- 
tions. 4. The plot, or connected series of events, in an 
epic or dramatic poem. 5. Falsehood; a sofl;er term for 
alia. 



1. To feign; to write fiction. 2. To tell 



FA'BLE, v. 

falsehoods. 
Fa'BLe, V, t. To feign; to invent ; to devise and speak of 

as true or real. 
Fa'BLED, pp. 1. Feigned ; invented, as stories. 2. a. 

Told or celebrated in fables. Tickel. 
Fa'BLER, n, A writer of fables or fictions ; a dealer in 

feigned stories. Johnson. 
Fa'BLING, ppr. Peignmg ; devising, as stories ; writing 

or uttering false stories. 

* FAB'RIC, 71. [L. fabHca.] 1. The structure of any thing ; 
the manner in which the parts of a thing are united by 
art and labor ; workmanship ; texture. 2. The frame or 
structure of a building ; construction ; the building itself; 
an edifice ; a house ; a temple ; a church ; a bridge, &c. 
3. Any system composed of connected parts. 4. Cloth 
manufactured. 

* FAB'RIC, V, t. To frame ; to build ; to construct. 
FABIRI-CATE, V. t. [L.,fabrico,] 1. To frame ; to build ; 

to construct ; to form a whole by connecting its parts, 2. 



* See Synopsis A, E, T, 0, U, Y, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



FAC 



325 



FAD 



To form by art and labor ; to manufacture. 3. To invent 
and form ; to forge ; to devise falsely. 4. To coin. 

£''AB'RI-eA-TED, pp. I'ramed ; constructed ; built ; man- 
ufactured ; invented ; devised falsely ; forged. 

FAB'RI-€A-TING, ppr. Framing ; constructing j manufac- 
turing ; devising falsely : forging. 

FAB-RI-eA'TION, n. 1. The act of framing or construct- 
ing 5 construction. 2. The act of manufacturing. 3. The 
act of devising falsely 5 forgery. 4. That which is fabri- 
cated ; a falsehood. 

FAB'RI-€A-TOR, n. One that constructs or makes. 

tFAB'RlLE a. [L.fabrUis.] Pertaining to handicrafts. 

FAB'U-LIST, n. The inventor or writer of fables. 

FAB'U-LiZE, V. t. To invent, compose or relate fables. 

FAB-U-LOS'I-TY, n. Fabulousness ; fullness of fables. 

FABTJ-LOUS, a. 1, Feigned, as a story 5 devised 5 ficti- 
tious. 2. Related in fable ; described or celebrated in fa- 
bles ; invented ; not real. 3. The fabulous age of Greece 
and Rome was the early age of those countries. 

FAB-U-LOUS-LY, adv. In a fabulous manner. 

FAB'U-LOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being fabulous. 

FAB'UR-DEN, n. [Fr. fauxbourdon.] In music, simple 
counterpoint. 

FAC-ADE', (fas-sade') n. [Fr.] Front. TVarton. 

FACE, n. [Fr . face ; It. faccia'.] 1. In a general sense, the 
surface of a thing, or the side which presents itself to the 
view of a spectator. 2. A part of the surface of a thing ; 
or the plane surface of a solid. 3. The surface of the fore 
part of an animal's head, particularly, of the human head ; 
the visage. 4. Countenance; cast of features ; look j air 
of the face. 5. The front of a thing ; the fore part ; the 
flat surface that presents itself first to view. 6." Visible 
state ; appearance. 7. Appearance ; look. 8. State of 
confrontation. 9. Confidence ; boldness ; impudence ; a 
bold front, 10. Presence; sight. 11. The person. 12. 
In Scripture, face is used for anger or favor. — To set the 
face agauist, is to oppose. 13. A distorted form of the 
face. — Face to face, nakedly ; without the interposition 
of any other body. 

FACE, V. t. 1. To meet in front ; to oppose with firmness ; 
to resist, or to meet for the purpose of stopping or opposing. 
2. To btand opposite to ; to stand with the face or front 
towards. 3. To cover with additional superficies ; to 
cover in front. — To face down, to oppose boldly or impu- 
dently. 

FACE, V. i. 1. To carry a false appearance ; to play the 
hypocrite. 2. To turn the face. 

FaCE'CLOTH, n. A cloth laid over the face of a corpse. 
Brand. 

Fa'CED, (faste) pp. Covered in front.— In composition, de- 
noting the kind of face, as full-faced. Bailey. 

FaCE'LESS, a. Without a face. 

FaCE'PAINT-ER, n. A painter of portraits ; one who 
draws the likeness ol the face. 

FaCE'PAINT-ING, n. The act or art of painting por- 
traits. 

FACET, n. [Fr. facette.] A little face; a small surface; 
as, the facets of a diamond. 

+ FA-CETE', a. [L.facetus.] Gay; cheerful. Burton. 

fFA-CETE'NESS, ?i. Wit; pleasant representation. 

tFA-CETE'LY, ado. Wittily ; meiTily. Burton. 

FA-Ce'TIOUS, a. [Fr. facetieux.] 1. Meny; sportive; 
jocular ; sprightly with wit and good humor. 2. Witty ; 
full of pleasantry ; playful ; exciting laughter. 

FA-Ce'TIOUS-LY, ado. Merrily ; gayly ; wittily ; with 
pleasantry. 

FA-Ce'TIOUS-NESS, n. Sportive humor ; pleasantry ; the 
quality of exciting laughter or good humor. 

FA"CIAL, a. [h. fades.] Pertaining to the face; as, the 
facial artery, vein or nerve. 

t Fa'CIENT, n A doer ; one that does any thing, good or 
bad. 

FACILE, a. [Fr. facile.] 1. Properly, easy to be done or 
performed ; easy ; not difficult ; perfoi-mable or attamable 
with little labor. 2. Easy to be surmounted or removed ; 
easily conquerable. 3. Easy of access or converse ; mild ; 
courteous ; not haughty, austere, or distant. 4. Pliant ; 
flexible ; easily persuaded to good or bad ; yielding ; duc- 
tile to a fault. 

t FAC'lLE-LY, ad?j. Easily. Herbert. 

FAC'iLE-NESS, n. Easiness to be persuaded. 

FA-CIL'I-TATE, v. t. [Fr. faciliter.] To make easy or 
less difiicult ; to free from difficulty or impediment, or to 
diminish it ; to lessen the labor of. 

FA-CIL'I-TA-TED, pp. Made easy or easier. 

FA-CIL'I-TA-TING, ppr. Rendering easy or easier. 

FA-CII^I-Ta'TION, n. The act of making easy. 

FA-CIL'I-TIES, n. plu. Tlie means by which the perform- 
ance of any thing is rendered easy. 

FA-CIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. facility ; L. facilitas.] 1. Easiness 
to be performed ; freedom from difficulty ; ease, 2. Ease 
of performance ; readiness proceeding from skill or use ; 
dexterity. 3. Pliancy ; ductility ; easmess to be persuad- 
ed ; readiness of compliance, usually in a bad sense. 4. 



Easiness of access ; complaisance : condescension , afla 
bility. 

FAC-I-NE'RI-OUS. See Facinorous. 

Fa'CING, ppr. 1. Fronting ; having the face towards ; op- 
posite. 2. Covering the fore part. 3. Turning the face. 

Fa'CING, n. A covering in front for ornament or defense. 

FA-CIN'O-ROUS, a. [L, facinus.] Atrociously wicked. 

FA-CIN'0-ROUS-NESS, n. Extreme wickedness. 

FA€-SIMiI-LE, n. [L.facio and similis.] An exact copy or 
likeness, as of handwriting. 

FACT, n. [h. factum.] 1. Any thing done, or that comes 
to pass ; an act ; a deed ; an eifect produced or achieved ; 
an event. 2. Reality ; truth. 

FACTION, w. [Fr.] 1. A' party, in ^joZiiicai sociei?/, com- 
bined or acting in union, in opposition to the prince, gov- 
ernment or state. 2. Tumult ; discord ; dissension. 

FACTION- A-RY, n. A party man ; one of a faction. 

t FACTION-ER, n. One of a faction. Bp. Bancroft. 

FAC'TION-IST, 71. One who promotes faction. 

FACTIOUS, a. [Fr. factieux ; l..factiosus.] 1. Given to 
faction ; addicted to form parties and raise dissensions in 
opposition to government; turbulent; prone to clamor 
against public measures or men. 2. Pertaining to fac- 
tion ; proceeding from faction. 

FACTIOUS-LY, adv. In a factious manner ; by means of 
faction ; in a turbulent or disorderly manner. 

FAfJ'TIOUS-NESS, n. Inclination to form parties in oppo- 
sition to the government or to the public interest ; disposi- 
tion to clamor and raise opposition ; clamorousness for a 
party. 

FAC-Ti"TIOUS, a. [L. factitius.] Made by art, in distinc- 
tion from wliat is produced by nature ; artificial. 

t FACTIVE, a. Making ; having power to make. 

FACTOR, n. [li. factor.] 1. In commerce, an agent em- 
ployed by merchants, residing in other places, to buy and 
sell, and to transact business on their account. 2. An 
agent ; a substitute. — 3. In arithmetic, the multiplier and 
multiplicand, from the multiplication of which proceeds 
the product. 

FACTOR- A6E, n. The allowance given to a factor by his 
employer, as a compensation for his services ; called also 
a commission. 

FA€'TOR-SHIP, n. A factory ; the business of a factor. 

FACTO-RY, v.. 1. A house or place where factors reside, 
to transact business for their employers. 2. The body of 
factors in any place. 3. Contracted from manufactory, a 
building or collection of buildings, appropriated to tlie 
manufacture of goods. 

FAC-To'TUM, 71. [L.] A servant employed to do all kinds 
of work. B. Jonson. 

FACT'lIRE, 71. [Fr.] The art or manner of making. 

FACUL-TY, 71. {Fx.faculte ; Ij.facultas.] 1. That power 
of the mind or intellect which enables it to receive, revive 
or modify perceptions. 2. The power of doing any thing ; 
ability. 3. The power of performing any action, natural, 
vital or animal. 4. Facility of performance ; the peculiar 
skill derived from practice, or practice aided by nature ; 
habitual skill or ability ; dexterity ; adroitness ; knack. 
5. Personal quality ; disposition or habit, good or ill. 6. 
Power ; authority. 7. Mechanical power. 8. Natural 
virtue ; efficacy. 9. Privilege ; a right or power granted 
to a person.— 10. In colleges, the masters and professors 
of the several sciences ; one of the members or depart- 
ments of a university. — In America, the faculty of a col- 
lege or university consists of the president, professors and 
tutors. — The faculty of advocates, in 'Scotland, is a re- 
spectable body of lawyers who plead in all causes before 
the courts of session, justiciary and exchequer. 

*FACUND, a. [L. facundus.] Eloquent. [Little used.] 

FA-€UND'I-TY, 71. [J^.facunditas.] Eloquence; readiness 
of speech. 

FAD'DLE, v.i. To trifle ; to toy ; to play. [A low word.] 

t FADE, a. TFr.] Weak ; slight ; faint. Berkeley. 

FADE, V. i." [Fr. fade.] 1. To lose color ; to tend from a 
stronger or brighter color to a more faint shade of the same 
color, or to lose a color entirely. 2. To wither, as a plant; 
to decay. 3. To lose strength gradually ; to vanish. 4. 
To lose lustre; to grow dim. 5. To decay; to perish 
gradually. 6. To decay ; to decline ; to become poor and 
miserable, 7. To lose strength, health or vigor ; to de- 
cline ; to grow weaker. 8. To disappear gradually ; to 
vanish. 

FADE, V. t. To cause to wither ; to wear away ; to deprive 
of freshness or vigor. 

FaD'ED, pp. Become less vivid, as color ; withered ; de- 
cayed ; vanished. 

FADGE, (faj) v. i. [Sax. f(Bgen, gefegen.] 1. To suit ; to 
fit ; to come close, as the parts of things united ; to have 
one part consistent with another. 2- To agree ; to live in 
amity. 3. To succeed ; to hit. „ . , ^ 

FAD6E, 71. [Swed. fagga.] A bundle, as of sticks. Cra 
ven dialect. . . , 

FaD'ING, ppr. 1. Losing color; becoming less vivid; de- 
caying ; declining ; withering. 2. a. Subject to decay ; 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K } 6 as J j S as Z ; CH as SH j TH aa in this, f Ot^aolele, 



FAI 



326 



lAI 



liable to lose freshness and vigor ; liable to perish ; not 
^tftable ; transient. 

FaD'ING, n. Decay ; loss of color, freshness or vigor. 

FaD'ING-NESS, n. Decay ; liableness to decay. 

FaD'Y, a. Wearing avpay ; losing color or strength. 

P^'€AL See Fecal. 

F^'CES, n [L.] Excrement ; also, settlings ; sediment af- 
ter infusion or distillation. Quincy. 

FAFF. See Fuff, 

f FAF'FEL, V. i. To stammer. Barret. 

t FAG, V. t. To beat. 

t FAG, n. A slave ; one who works hard. 

FAG, V. i. [Scot. faiJc] To become weary ; to fail in 
strength ; to be feint with weariness. 

t FAG, n. A knot in cloth. 

FAG-END , n. 1. The end of a web of cloth, generally of 
coarser materials. 2. The refuse or meaner part of any 
thing. — 3. Among seamen the untwisted end of a rope ; 
hence, to fag out, is to become untwisted and loose. 

FAG'OT, 71. iW.fagod.] 1. A bundle of sticks, twigs or 
small branches of trees, used for fuel, or for raising batter- 
ies, filling ditches, and other purposes in fortification. 
2. A person hired to appear at musters in a company not 
full, and hide the deficiency. 

FAG'OT, V. t. To tie together ; to bind in a bundle ; to col- 
lect promiscuously Dryden. 

FAH'LERZ, n. Gray copper, or gray copper ore. 

FAH'LUN-ITE, n. [from Fahlun.] Automalite. 

PAIL, V. i. [Yr.faillir.] 1. To become deficient ; to be in- 
sufficient ; to cease to be abundant for supply ; or to be en- 
tirely wanting. 2. To decay ; to decline ; to sink ; to be 
diminished. 3. To decline ; to decay ; to sink ; to be- 
come weaker. 4. To be extinct ; to cease ; to be entirely 
wanting ; to be no longer produced. 5. To be entirely 
exhausted ; to be wanting ; to cease from supply. 6. To 
cease j to perish ; to be lost. 7. To die. 8. To decay ; to 
decline. 9. To become deficient or wanting. 10. To 
miss ; not to produce the effect. 11. To be deficient in 
duty ; to omit or neglect. 12. To miss ; to miscarry ; to 
be frustrated or disappointed. 13. To be neglected ; to 
fall short ; not to be executed. 14. To become insolvent 
or bankrupt. 

FAIL, V. t. 1. To desert ; to disappoint ; to cease or to neg- 
lect or omit to afford aid, supply or strec^th. 2. To omit ; 
not to perform. 3. To be wanting to. 

FAIL, n. 1. Omission ; non-performance. 2. Miscarriage ; 
failure ; deficience ; want ; death. 

t FaIL'ANCE, v. Fault ; failure. 

FaIL'ER. See Failure. 

FaIL'ING, ppr. Becoming deficient or insufficient ; becom- 
ing weaker ; decaying ; declining ; omitting ; not execut- 
ing or performing j miscarrying ; neglecting ; wanting 5 
becoming bankrupt or insolvent. 

FaIL'ING, n. 1. The act of failing ; deficiency ; imperfec- 
tion; lapse ; fault. 2. The act of failing or becommg in- 
solvent. 

FaIL'URE, (fail'yur) n. 1. A failing ; deficience ; cessation 
of supply, or total defect. 2. Omission ; non-perform- 
ance. 3. Decay, or defect from decay. 4. A breaking, 
or becoming insolvent. 5. A failing ; a slight fault. 

FAIN, a. [Sax.fagen,f<egan.] Glad; pleased; rejoiced. 

FAIN, adv. Gladly ; with'joy or pleasure. 

t FAIN, V. i. To wish or desire. 

FaIN'ING, fpr. Wishing ; desiring fondly. Spenser. 

FAINT, a. [Ir. faine.] 1. Weak ; languid ; inclined to 
swoon. 2. Weak ; feeble ; languid ; exhausted. 3. Weak, 
as color ; not bright or vivid ; not strong. 4. Feeble ; 
weak, as sound ; not loud. 5. Imperfect ; feeble ; not 
striking. 6. Cowardly ; timorous. 7. Feeble ; not vig- 
orous ; not active. 8. Dejected ; depressed ; dispirited. 

FAINT, V. i. 1 . To lose the animal functions ; to lose 
strength and color, and become senseless and motionless ; 
to swoon. 2. To become feeble ; to decline or fail in 
strength and vigor ; to be weak. 3. To sink into dejec- 
tion ; to lose courage or spirit. 4. To decay ; to disap- 
pear ; to vanish; as, gilded clouds, while we gaze on 
them,/aint before the eye. Pope. 

FAINT, V. t. To defect ; to depress ; to weaken. [Little m.] 

FAINT-HEaRT'ED, a. Cowardly ; timorous ; dejected ; 
easilv depressed, or yielding to fear. 

FAINT-HEART'ED-LY, adv. In a cowardly manner. 

FAINT-HEART'ED-NESS, n. Cowardice ; timorousness ; 
want of courage. 

FaINT'ING, ppr. Falling into a swoon ; failing ; losing 
strength 01 courage ; becoming feeble or timid. 

FaINT'ING, n. A temporary loss of strength, color and 
respiration ; syncope ; deliquium ; leipothymy ; a swoon. 

FAINT'ISH, a. Sllorhtly faint. 

FaINT'ISH-NESS, u. a sliglit degree of faintness. 

tFAlNT'LING, a. Timorous ; feeble-minded. 

FaINT'LY, adv. 1. In -a fer'ble, languid manner; without 
vigor or activity. 2. With a feeble flame. 3. With a 
feeble light. 4. With little force. 5. Without force of 
representation ; imperfectly. 6. In a low tone ; with a 



fee Die voice. 7. Without spirit or courage ; timor 
ously. 

FaINT'NESS, n. 1. The state of being faint; loss of 
strength, color and respiration. 2. Feebleness ; languor ; 
want of strength. 3. Inactivity ; want of vigor. 4. Fee- 
bleness, as of color or light. 5. Feebleness of representa- 
tion. 6. Feebleness of mind ; timorousness ; dejection ; 
irresolution. 

FAINTS, n. plu. The gross, fetid oil remaining after dis- 
tillation, or the last runnings of spirits distilled. 

FaINT'Y, a. Weak ; feeble ; languid. Dryden. 

FAIR, a. [Sax. /ffi^er.] 1. Clear; free from spots; free 
from a dark hue ; white. 2. Beautiful ; handsome ; prop- 
erly, having a handsome face. 3. Pleasing to the eye ; 
handsome or beautiful, in general. 4. Clear ; pure ; free 
from feculence or extraneous matter. 5. Clear ; not 
cloudy or overcast. 6. Favorable ; prosperous ; blowing 
in a direction towards the place of destination. 7. Open ; 
direct, as a way or passage. 8. Open to attack or access ; 
unobstructed. 9. Open; frank; honest; hence, equal; 
just ; equitable. 10. Not effected by insidious or unlaw- 
ful methods ; not foul. 11. Frank ; candid ; not sophisti- 
cal or insidious. 12. Honest ; honorable ; mild ; opposed 
to insidious and compulsory. 13. Frank ; civil ; pleasing ; 
not harsh. 14. Equitable ; just ; merited. 15. Liberal; 
not narrow. 16. Plain ; legible. 17. Free from stain or 
blemish ; unspotted ; untarnished. 

FAIR, adv. 1. Openly; frankly; civilly; complaisant! y. 
2. Candidly ; honestly ; equitably. 3. Happily ; success- 
fully. 4. On good terms. — To hid fair, is to be likely, or 
to have a fair prospect. — Fair and square, just dealing ; 
honesty. 

FAIR, n. \ . Elliptically, a fair woman ; a handsome fe- 
male. — 77ie /air, the female sex. 2. Fairness; [obs.] 

FAIR, n. [Ft. foire ; W. fair.} A stated market in a partic- 
ular town or city ; a stated meeting of buyers and sellers 
for trade. 

FAIR'-HAND, a. Having a fair appearance. Shak. 

FAIR'ING, 71. A present given at a fair. Gay. 

FAIR'ISH, a. Reasonably fair. Cotgrave. 

FAIR'LY, adv. 1. Beautifully ; handsomely. 2. Commodi- 
ously ; conveniently. 3. Frankly ; honestly ; justly ; 
equitably ; without disguise or fraud. 4. Openly ; in- 
genuously ; plainly. 5. Candidly. 6. Without perver- 
sion or violence. 7. Without blots ; in plain letters ; 
plainlv ; legibly. 8. Completely ; without deficience. 
9. Softly; gently. 

FAIR'NESS, n. 1. Clearness ; freedom from spots or blem- 
ishes ; whiteness. 2. Clearness ; purity. 3. Freedom 
from stain or blemish. 4. Beauty; elegance. 5. Frank- 
ness ; candor ; hence, honesty ; ingenuousness. 6. Open- 
ness ; candor ; freedom from disguise, insidiousness or 
prevarication. 7. Equality of terms ; equity. 8. Distinct- 
ness ; freedom from blots or obscurity. 

FAIR'-SPoK-EN, a. Using fair speech ; bland ; civil ; court- 
eous ; plausible. 

FAI'RY, n. [G./ee ; Fr. /ee, /eerie.] 1. A fay; an imag- 
inary being or spirit, supposed to assume a human form, 
dance in meadows, steal infants, and play a variety of 
pranks. 2. An enchantress. 

t FAI'RY, a. 1. Belonging to fairies. 2. Given by fairies. 

FAI'RY-LIKE, a. Imitating the manner of fairies. Shak. 

FAI'RY-STONE, n. A stone found in gravel pits. 

FAITH, n. [W.fyz ; Arai./eiz.] 1. Belief; the assent of 
the mind to the "truth of what is declared by another, rest- 
ing on his authority and veracity, without other evi- 
dence. 2. The assent of the mind to the truth of a propo- 
sition advanced by another; belief, on probable evidence. 
— 3. In theoloffy, the assent of the mind or understanding 
to the truth of what God has revealed. — 4. Evangelical, 
justifying-, or saving faith, \s the assent of the mind to the 
"truth of divine revelation, on the authority of God's testi- 
mony, accompanied with a cordial assent of the will, or 
approbation of the heart. 5. The object of belief; a doc 
trine or system of doctrines believed ; a system of reveal 
ed truths received by Christians. 6. 'fhe promises of 
God, or his truth and faithfulness. 7. An open profession 
of gospel truth. 8. A persuasion or belief of the lawful- 
ness of things indifferent. 9. Faithfulness; fidelity; a 
strict adherence to duty and fulfillment of promises. 10. 
Word or honor pledged; promise given; fidelity. 11. 
Sincerity ; honesty ; veracity ; faithfulness. 12. Credibil- 
ity or truth. 

FAITH, adv. A colloquial expression, meaning in truth, 
verihi. 

FaITH'-BReACH, n. Breach of fidelity ; disloyalty ; perfi- 
dy. Shak. 

tFAITH'ED, (faitht) a. Honest; sincere. Shak. 

FaITH'FUL, a. ]. Firm in adherence to the truth and to 
the duties of religion. 2. Firmly adhering to duty; of 
true fidelity ; loyal ; true to allegiance. 3. Constant in 
the performance of duties or services ; exact in attending 
to commands. 4. Observant of compacts, treaties, con- 
tracts, vows or other engagements ; true to one's word 



* See Synopsis. ^ , E, T, O, C, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



FAL 



327 



FAL 



5 True ; exact ; in conformity to the letter and spirit. 

6 True to the marriage covenant. 7. Conformable to 
truth. 8. Constant; not fickle. 9. True; worthy of be- 
lief. 2 Tim ii. 

FaITH'FUL-LY, adv. 1. In a faithful manner ; with good 
faith. 2. With strict adherence to allegiance and duty. 
3. With strict observance of promises, vows, covenants 
or duties ; without failure of performance ; honestly ; ex- 
actly. 4. Sincerely ; with strong assurances. 5. lionest- 
ly ; truly ; without defect, fraud, trick or ambiguity. 6. 
Confidently ; steadily. 

FaITH'FUL-NESS, 71. 1. Fidelity; loyalty; firm adhe- 
rence to allegiance and duty. 2. Truth ; veracity. 3. 
Strict adherence to injunctions, and to the duties of a sta- 
tion. 4. Strict performance of promises, vows or cove- 
nants ; constancy in affection. 

FaITH'LESS, a. 1. Without belief in the revealed truths 
of religion ; unbelieving. 2. Not believing ; not giving 
credit to. 3. Not adhering to allegiance or duty ; disloy- 
al ; perfidious ; treacherous. 4. Not true to a master or 
employer; neglectful. 5. Not true to the marriage cove- 
nant ; false 6. Not observant of promises. 7. Deceptive. 

FaITH'LESS-NESS, n. 1. Unbelief, as to revealed religion. 
2. Perfidy ; treachery ; disloyalty, 3. Violation of prom- 
ises or covenants ; inconstancy. 

t Fa1'T5UR, w, [Norm.] An evildoer ; a scoundrel ; a 
mean fellow. Spe^iser. 

FAKE, n. [Scot, faik.] One of the circles or windings of a 
cable or hawser, as it lies in a coil ; a single turn or coil. 

Fa'KIR, or FA'aUIR, n. A monk in India. The fakirs sub- 
ject themselves to servere austerities and mortifications. 

FAL-€aDE', 71. [L. falx.] A horse is said to make a fal- 
cade, when he throws himself on his haanclies two or 
iliree times, as in very quick cui-vets ; that is, a falcade 
is a bending very low. 

FALOATE, )a. [L. falcatus.] Hooked; bent like a 

FALCA-TED, ] sickle or sythe ; an epithet applied to the 
new moon. 

FAL-Ca'TION, n. Crookedness ; a bending in the form of 
a sickle. Brown. 

*FAL'CHION, (fal'chun) n. [Fr. fauchon.] A short, crook- 
ed sword ; a cimiter. 

FAL'CI-FORM, a. [L. falx. and form.] In the shape of a 
sickle ; resembling a reaping-hook. 

* FAL'CON, (sometimes pronounced faw'kn.) n. [Fr. fau- 
con.] 1. A hawk ; but appropriately, a hawk trained to 
sport, as in falconry. — This term, in ornithology, is applied 
to a division of the genus /a?co. 2. A sort of cannon. 

*FAL'€ON-ER, ii. [Fx. faiiconnier.'] A person who breeds 

and trains hawks for taking wild fowls. 
FAL'CO-NET, 71. [Fr. falconette.'] A small cannon. 

* FAL'CON-RY, n. [Fr. fauconncric] 1. The art of train- 
ing hawks to the exercise of hawking. 2. The practice 
of taking wild fowls by means of hawks. 

FALD' AGE, n. [ W. fald.] In England, a privilege which 
anciently several lords reserved to themselves of setting 
up folds for sheep, in any fields within their manors. • 

FALD'FEE, n. A fee or composition paid anciently by ten- 
ants for the privilege of faldage. 

fFALD'ING, 71. A kind of coarse cloth. Chaucer. 

FALD'STOOL, 71. 1. A kind of stool placed at the south 
side of the altar, at which the kings of England kneel at 
their coronation. 2. The chair of a bishop inclosed by 
the railing of the altar. 3. An arm chair or folding chair. 

FALL, V. i.; pret fell ; p-p. fallen. [Sax. feallan ; G. fallen.] 
i. To drop from a higher place ; to descend by the power 
of gravity alone. 2. To drop from an erect posture. 3. 
To disembogue ; to pass at the outlet ; to flow out of its 
channel into a pond, lake or sea, as a river. 4. To de- 
part from the faith, or from rectitude ; to apostatize. 5. 
To die, particularly by violence. 6. To come to an end 
suddenly ; to vanish ; to perish. 7. To be degraded ; to 
sink into disrepute or disgrace ; to be plunged into mise- 
ry. 8. To decline in power, wealth or glory; to sink 
into weakness ; to be overthrown or ruined. 9. To pass 
into a worse state than the former ; to come. 10. To 
sink ; to be lowered. II. To decrease ; to be diminish- 
ed in weight or value. 12. To sink ; not to amount to 
the full. 13. To be rejected ; to sink into disrepute. 14. 
To decline from violence to calmness, from intensity to 
remission. 15. To pass into a new state of body or mind ; 
to become 16. To sink into an air of dejection, discon- 
tent, anger, sorrow or shame ; applied to the countenance 
or look. 17. To happen ; to befall ; to come. 18. To 
light on ; to come by chance. 19. To come ; to rush on ; 
to assail. 20. To come ; to arrive. 21. To come unex- 
pectedly. 22. To begin with haste, ardor or vehemence ; 
to rush or hurry to. 23. To pass or be transferred by 
chance, lot, distribution, inheritance or otherwise, as pos- 
session or property. 24. To become the property of; to 
belong or appertain to. 25. To be dropped or uttered 
carelessly. 26. To sink ; to languish ; to become feeble 
or faint. 27. To be brought forth. 28. ^'o issue ; to ter- 
minate. 



To fall aboard of, to strike against another ship.— 7'<j fall 
astern, to move or be driven backward ; or to remain be- 
hind. — To fall away. 1. To lose flesh; to become leari 
or emaciated ; to pine. 2. To renounce or desert allegi- 
ance ; to revolt or rebel. 3- To renounce or desert the 
faith ; to apostatize ; to sink into wickedness. 4. To 
perish ; to be ruined ; to be lost. 5. To decline gradual- 
ly ; to fade ; to languish, or become faint. — To fall back. 
1. To recede ; to give way. 2. To fail of performing a 
promise or purpose ; not to fulfill. — To fall calm, to cease 
to blow ; to become calm. — To fall down. 1. To prostrate 
one's self in worship. 2. To sink ; to come to the ground. 

3. To bend or bow as a suppliant. 4. To sail or pass to- 
wards the mouth of a river, or other outlet. — To fall foul, 
to attack ; to make an assault. — To fall from. 1. To re- 
cede from ; to depart ; not to adhere. 2. To depart from 
allegiance or duty ; to revolt.— T"*? /cW in, 1. To concur ; 
to agree with. 2. To comply ; to yield to. 3. To come 
in ; to join ; to enter. — To fall in with, to meet, as a ship ; 
also, to discover or come near, as land. — To fall off. 1 
To withdraw ; to separate ; to be broken or detached. 2. 
To perish; to die away. 3. To apostatize ; to forsake ; 
to withdraw from the faith, or from allegiance or duty. 

4. To forsake ; to abandon. 5. To drop. 6. To depre- 
ciate ; to depart from former excellence ; to become less 
valuable or interesting. 7. To deviate or depart from the 
course directed, or to which the head of the ship was be- 
fore directed ; to fall to leeward.— To fall on. 1. To be- 
gin suddenly and eagerly. 2. To begin an attack ; to as- 
sault ; to assail. 3. To drop on ; to descend on. — To fall 
out. 1. To quarrel ; to begin to contend. 2. To happen ; 
to befall ; to chance.— ro/aZZ over. 1. To revolt ; to de- 
sert from one side to another. 2. To fall beyond.— To 
fall short, to be deficient.— T'o/aZ/ to. 1. To begin hasti- 
ly and eagerly. 2. To apply one's self to.— T'o/aZZ under, 
i. To come under, or within the limits of; to be subjected 
to. 2. To come under ; to become the subject of. 3. To 
come within; to be ranged or reckoned with. — To 
fall upon. 1. To attack. 2. To attempt. 3. To rush 
against. 

FALL, V. t. 1. To let fall ; to drop ; [obs.] 2. To sink ; to 
'depress. 3. To diminish; to lessen or lower; [little 
v^sed.] 4. To bring forth ; as, to fall lambs ; [little used.] 

5. To fell ; to cut down ; as, to fall a tree. [This use is 
now common in .America.] 

FALL, n. 1. The act of dropping or descending from a 
higher to a lower place by gravity ; descent. 2. The act 
of dropping or tumbling from an erect posture. 3. Death ; 
destruction ; overthrow. 4. Ruin ; destruction. 5. Down- 
fall ; degradation; loss of greatness or office. 6. Declen- 
sion of greatness, power or dominion ; ruin. 7. Diminu- 
tion ; decreaseof price or value; depreciation. 8. Decli- 
nation of sound ; a sinking of tone; cadence. 9. Decliv- 
ity ; the descent of land or a hill ; a slope. 10. Descent 
of water ; a cascade ; a cataract ; a rush of water down a 
steep place. 11. The outlet or discliarge of a river or cur- 
rent of water into tlie ocean, or into a lake or pond. 12. 
Extent of descent ; the distance which any thing fails. 
13. The fail of the leaf; the season when leaves fall from 
trees ; autumn. 14. That which falls ; a falling, 15. 
The act of felling or cutting down. 16. Fall, or the fall, 
by way of distinction, the apostasy ; the act of our first 
parents in eating the forbidden fruit ; also, the apostasy 
of tJie rebellious angels. — 17. Formerly, a kind of vail. — 
18. In seamen\^ language, the loose end of a tackle.— 19 
In Great Britain, a term applied to several measures, lin- 
ear, superficial and solid. 

FAL-La'CIOUS, a. [Fr. fallacieux.] 1. Deceptive; de- 
ceiving; deceitful; wearing a false appearance ; mislead- 
ing; producing error or mistake ; sophistical. 2. Deceit- 
ful ; false ; not well founded ; producing disappointment ; 
mocking expectation. 

FAL-La'CIOUS-LY, «cZi;. In a fallacious manner; deceitful- 
ly ; sophistically ; with purpose or in a manner to deceive. 

FAL-La'CIOUS-NESS, 71. Tendency to deceive or mis- 
lead ; inconclusiveness. 

FAL'LA-CY, 71. [L. fallacAa.] 1. Deceptive or false ap- 
pearance ; deceitfulness ; that which misleads the eye at 
the mind. 2. Deception ; mistake. 

fFAL'LAX, 71. [L.] Cavillation. Jibp. Cranmer. 

FALL'EN, (fawl'n) pp. or a. Dropped ; descended ; degrad- 
ed ; decreased ; ruined. 

tFAL'LEN-CY, 7!. Blistake. 

FALL'ER, n. One that falls. 

FAL-LI-BIL'I-TY, 71. [It. fallibilitd.] 1. Liableness to de- 
ceive ; the quality of being fallible ; uncertainty ; possi- 
bility of being erroneous. 2. Liableness to err or to be 
deceived in one's own judgment. 

FAL'LI-BLE, a. [It. fallihile.] 1. Liable to fail or mis- 
take ; that may err or be deceived in judgment. 2. Lia- 
ble to error ; that may deceive. 

FAL'LI-BLY, adv. In a fallible manner. Huloet. > 

FALL'ING, ppr. Descending ,' droppmg ; disembogumg j 
apostatizing ; declming ; decreasing ; sinking ; coming. 



* See »ynop3i9. MOVE. BQgK, DOVE,— BULL, UNITE.— €asK; 6 as J; S as Z; CHasSH; TH as !n this * Obsolete 



FAL 



328 



FAN 



FALL'ING, } n. An indenting or hollow ; opposed to 

FALL'ING IN, \ rising or prominence. — Falling away, 
apostasy, — Falliiig off, departure from the line or course ; 
declension. — Falling down, prostration. 2 Mac. 

FALL'mG-SI€K-NESS, n. The epilepsy. 

FALL'ING-STAR, n. A luminous meteor, suddenly ap- 
pearing and darting through the air. 

FALL'ING-STONE, n. A stone falling from the atmos- 
pherej a meteorite ; an aerolite. 

FAL-LoTI-AN, a. Belonging to two ducts, arising from 
the w^mb, usually called tubes. 

FAL'LoW, a. [Sax. falewe.] 1. Pale red, or pale yel- 
low ; as, a fallow deer. 2. tJnsowed ; not tUled ; left to 
rest after a year or more of tillage. 3. Left unsowed af- 
ter ploughing. 4. Unploughed ; luicultivated. 5. Unoccu- 
pied; neglected; [obs.] 

FAL'LoW, 71. 1. Land that has lain a year or more untill- 
ed or unseeded. 2. The ploughing or tilling of land, with- 
out sowing it, for a season. 

t FAL'LoW, V. i. To fade ; to become yellow. 

FAL'LoW, V. t. To plough, harrow and break land without 
seedmg it 

FAL'LoW-CROP, n. The crop taken from fallowed ground. 
Sinclair. 

FAL'LoWED, 'pp. Ploughed and harrowed for a season, 
without being sown. 

FAL'LoW-FINCH, n. A small bird, the wheat-ear. 

FAL'LoW-ING, fpr. Ploughing and harrowing land with- 
out sowing it. 

FAL'LoW-ING, n. The operation of ploughing and har- 
rowing land without sowing it. 

FAL'LoW-IST, 71. One who favors the practice of fallow- 
ing land. 

FAL'LoW-NESS, n. A fallow state ; barrenness ; exemp- 
tion from bearing fruit. Donne. 

t FALS'A-RY, 71. A falsifier of evidence. Sheldon. 

FALSE, a. [L. falsus.] 1. Not true ; not conformable to 
fact ; expressing what is contrary to that which exists, is 
done, said or thought. 2. Not well founded. 3. Not 
true ; not according to the lawful standard. 4. Substitut- 
ed for another ; succedaneous ; supposititious. 5. Coun- 
terfeit ; forged ; not genuine. 6. Not solid or sound ; de- 
ceiving expectations. 7. Not agreeable to rule or propri- 
ety. 8. Not honest or jUst ; not fair. 9. Not faithful or 
loyal ; treacherous ; perfidious ; deceitful. 10. Unfaith- 
ful ; inconstant. 11. Deceitful ; treacherous ; betraying 
secrets. 12. Counterfeit •, not genuine or real. 13. Hyp- 
ocritical ; feigned ; made or assumed for the purpose of 
deception. — False imprisonment, the arrest and imprison- 
ment of a person without warrant or cause, or contrary to 
law. 

FALSE, adv. Not truly ; not honestly ; falsely. 

■f FALSE, V. t. 1. To violate by failure of veracity; to de- 
ceive. 2. To defeat ; to balk ; to evade. 

FALSE'-FaCED, a. Hypocritical ; deceitful. Sliak. 

t FALSE'-HEART, \ a. Hollow ; treacherous ; deceitful ; 

FALSE'-HEaRT-ED, S perfidious. 

FALSE'-HEART-ED-NESS, n. Perfldiousness; treachery. 

FALSE'HOOD, (fols'hud) n. 1. Contrariety or inconform- 
ity to fact or truth. 2. Want of truth or veracity ; a lie ; 
an untrue assertion. 3. Want of honesty ; treachery ; de- 
ceitfulness ; perfidy. 4. C-ounterfeit ; false appearance ; 
imposture. 

FALSE'LY, (fols'ly) adv. 1. In a manner contrary to truth 
and fact ; not truly. 2. Treacherously ; perfidiously. 3. 
Erroneously ; b3' mistake. 

FALSE'NESS, (fols'nes) n. 1. Want of integrity and ve- 
racity, either in principle or in act. 2. Duplicity ; deceit; 
double-dealing. 3. Unfaithfulness ; treachery ; perfidy ; 
traitorousness. 

FALS'ER, n^ A deceiver. 

FAL-SET_^TO, n. [It.] A feigned voice. Burke. 

FALS'I-Fl-A-BLE, a. That may be falsified, counterfeit- 
ed or corrupted. 

FAL-SI-FI-€a'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of making 
false ; a counterfeiting ; the giving to a thing an appear- 
ance of something which it is not. 2. Confutation. 

FALS-I-PI-€a'TOR, 71. A falsifier. Bp. Morton. 

Fx\LS'I-FlED, pp. Counterfeited. 

FALS'I-Fi-ER, n. 1. One who counterfeits, or gives to a 
thing a deceptive appearance ; or one who makes false 
coin. 2. One who invents falsehood ; a liar. 3. One 
who proves a thing to be false. 

FALS'I-FY, V. t. [Fr. falsifier.'] 1. To counterfeit; to 
forge ; to make something false, or in imitation of that 
which is true-. 2. To disprove ; to prove to be false. 3. 
To violate ; to break by falsehood. 4. To show to be un- 
sound, insufficient, or not proof; [not in use.] 

FALS'I-FY, V. i. To tell lies ; to violate the truth. 

FALS'I-FS'-ING, ppr. Counterfeiting ; forging ; lying ; 

proving to be false ; violating. 
FALS'I-TY, n. [L. falsitas.] 1. Contrariety or inconform- 
ky to truth ; the quaUty of being false. 2. Falsehood ; a 
lie : a false assertion. 



FAL'TER, v.i. [Bp. f altar.] 1. To hesitate, fail orbreas 
in the utterance of words ; to speak with a broken or 
trembling utterance ; to stammer. 2. To fail, tremble or 
yield in exertion ; not to be firm and steady. 3. To fail 
in the regular exercise of the understanding. 

t FAL'TER, •«. t. To sift. Mortimer. 

FAL'TER-ING, ppr. Hesitating ; speaking with a feeble, 
broken, trembling utterance ; failing. 

FAL'TER-ING, n. Feebleness ; deficiency. 

FAL'TER-ING-LY, adv. With hesitation ; with a trem 
bling, broken voice ; with difficulty or feebleness. 

FAME, 71. [Tu.fama.] 1. Public report or rumor. 2. Fa- 
vorable report ; report of good or great actions ; report 
that exalts the character ; celebrity ; renown. 

FAME, V. t. 1. To make famous. B. Jonson. 2. To report. 

FaMED, a. Much talked of ; renowned; celebrated; dis- 
tinguished and exalted by favorable reports. 

FaME'-GIV-ING, a. Bestowing fame. 

FaME'LESS, a. Without renown. Beaumont. 

FA-MIL'IAR, (fa-mil'yar) a. [L. familiaris.] 1. Pertain- 
ing to a family ; domestic. 2. Accustomed by frequent 
converse ; well acquainted with ; intimate ; close. 3 
Affable ; not formal or distant ; easy in conversation. 4. 
Well acquainted with ; knowing by frequent use 5. 
Well known ; learned or well understood by frequent us e^ 
6. Unceremonious ; free ; unconstrained ; easy. 7. Com- 
mon : frequent and intimate. 8. Easy ; unconstrained ; 
not formal. 9. Intimate in an unlawful degree. 

FA-MIL'IAR, n, 1. An intimate ; a close companion; one 
long acquauited. 2. A demon or evil spirit supposed 
to attend at a call. — 3. In the court of Inquisition, a per- 
son who assists in apprehending and imprisoning the ac- 
cused . 

FA-MIL-IAR'I-TY, n. 1. Intimate and frequent converse^ 
or association in company. 2. Easiness of conversation 
affability ; freedom from ceremony. 3. Intimacy ; inti 
mate acquaintance ; unconstrained intercourse. 

FA-MIL'IAR-lZE, v. t. 1. To make familiar or intimate , 
to habituate; to accustom ; to make well known, by prac- 
tice or converse. 2. To make easy by practice or cus- 
tomary use, or by intercourse. 3. To bring down from a 
state of distant superiority. 

FA-MTL'JAR-lZED, p;). Accustomed; habituated; made 
easy by practice, custom or use. 

FA-MIL'IAR-lZ-ING, ppr. Accustoming; rendering easy 
by practice, custom or use. 

FA-MIL'IAR-LY, adv. 1. In a familiar manner ; uncere- 
moniously ; without constraint ; without formality. 2. 
Commonly ; frequently ; with tlie ease and unconcern 
that arises from long custom or acquaintance. 

FAM'I-LISM, n. The tenets of the Familists. 

FAM'I-LIST, 71. [from/a7niZ7/.] One of the religious sect, 
called the Family of love. 

FA-MiLLE'. [Fr. enfamille.] In a family way ; domesti- 
cally. Swift. This word is never used without en be- 
fore it. 

FAM'I-LY, 71. [L., Sp.familiaj Fr. famille.] 1. The col- 
lective body of persons who live in one house and under 
one head or manager ; a household, including parents, 
children and servants. 2. Those who descend from one 
common progenitor ; a tribe or race ; kindred ; lineage. 
3. Course of descent ; genealogy ; line of ancestors. 4. 
Honorable descent ; noble or respectable stock. 5. A col- 
lection or union of nations or states. — 6, In popular lan- 
guage, an order, class or genus o.f animals or of other nat- 
ural productions, having something in common, by which 
they are distinguished from others. 

FAM'INE, 71. [Fr. /a7rti7ie.] 1. Scarcity of food ; dearth; 
a general want of provisions sufficient for the inhabitants 
of a country or besieged place. 2. Want; destitution. 
^ FAM'ISH, V. t. [Fr. affamer.] 1. To starve ; to kill or de- 
stroy with hunger. 2. To exhaust the strength of, by 
hunger or thirst ; to distress with hunger. 3. To kill 
by deprivation or denial of anv thing necessary for life. 

FAM'ISH, t;. i. 1. To die of hunger. 2. To suffer extreme 
hunger or thirst ; to be exhausted in strength, or to come 
near to perish, for want of food or drink. 3. To be dis- 
tressed with want ; to come near to perish by destitu- 
tion. 

FAM'ISHED, pp. Starved ; exhausted by want of suste- 
nance. 

FAM'ISH-ING, ppr. Starving ; killing ; perishing by want 
of food. 

FAM'ISH-MENT, n. The pain of extreme hunger or 
thirst ; extreme want of sustenance. Hakewill. 

t FA-MOS'I-TY, n. Renown. Diet. 

Fa'MOUS, a. [li.famosus.] 1. Celebrated in fame or pub- 
lic report ; renowned ; mucli talked of and praised ; dis- 
tinguished in story. 2. Sometimes in a bad sense. 

Fa'MOUSED, a. Renowned. Shah. 

Fa'MOUS-LY, adv. With great renown or celebration. 

Fa'MOUS-NESS, n. Renown ; great fame ; celebrity. 

t FAM'U-LATE, v. t. [L. famulor.] To serve. Cockeram. 

FAN, n. [Sax./o7i7i.] 1. An instrument used by ladies to 



♦ See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, ^, long.—FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



FAN 



329 



FAR 



agitate the air, and cool the face in warm weather. 2. 
Something in the form of a woman's fan when spread. 3. 
An instrument for winnowing grain. 4. Something by 
which the air is moved ; a wing. 5. An instrument to 
raise the fire or flame. 

FAN '-Light, n. A window in foim of an open fan. 

FAN, V. t. 1. To cool and refresh, by moving the air with 
a fan ; to blow the air on the face with a fan. 2. To ven- 
tilate 5 to blow on 5 to affect by air put in motion. 3. To 
move as with a fan. 4. To winnoW ; to ventilate ; to sepa- 
rate chaff from grain, and drive it away by a current of air. 

FA-NAT'I€, ) a. [L. fanaticus.] Wild and extravagant 

FA-NAT'I-€AL, \ in opinions, particularly in religious 
opinions ; excessively enthusiastic ; possessed by a kind 
of frenzy. 

FA-NAT'ie, n. A person affected by excessive enthusiasm, 
particularly on religious subjects ; one who indulges wild 
and extravagant notions of religion. 

FA-NAT'I-€AL-LY, adv. With wild enthusiasm. 

FA-NAT'I-€AL-NESS, n. Fanaticism. 

FA-NAT'I-CISM, n. Excessive enthusiasm ; wild and ex- 
travagant notions of religion ; religious frenzy. 

FA-NAT'I-ClZE, v. t. To make fanatic. 

FAN'CIED, -pp. Imagined ; conceived ; liked. 

FAN'CI-FUL, a. 1. Guided by the imagination, rather than 
by reason and experience ; subject to the influence of fan- 
cy ; whimsical. 2. Dictated by the imagination j full of 
wild images ; chimerical •, whimsical ; ideal ; visionary. 

FAN'CI-FIJL-LY, adv. 1. In a fanciful manner ; wildly; 
whimsically. 2. According to fancy. 

FAN'CI-FUL-NESS, 71. 1. The quality of being fanciful, 
or influenced by the imagination, rather than by reason 
and experience ; the habit of following fancy. 2. The 
quality of being dictated by imagination. 

FAN'CY, n. [L. phantasia.] 1. The faculty by which the 
mind forms images or repiesentations of things at pleasure. 
It is often used as synonymous with imagination ; but 
imagination is rather the power of combining and modify- 
ing our conceptions. 2. An opinion or notion. 3. Taste; 
conception. 4. Image; conception; thought. 5. Incli- 
nation ; liking. 6. Love. 7. Caprice ; humor ; whim^ 
8. False notion. 9. Something that pleases or entertains 
witliout real use or value. 

FAN'CY, v.i To imagine ; to figure to one's self; to be- 
lieve or suppose without proof. 

FAN'CY, V. t. 1. To form a conception of; to portray in the 
mind ; to imagine. 2. To like ; to be pleased with, par- 
ticularly on account of external appearance or manners. 

FAN'CY-FRaMED, a. Created by the fancy. 

FANCY-FREE, a. Free from the power of love. 

FAN'CY-ING, ppr. Imagining; conceiving; liking. 

F AN'CY-M6NG-ER, a. One who deals in tricks of imagin- 
ation. Shak. 

FAN'CY-SICK, a. One whose imagination is unsound, or 
whose distemper is in his own mind. 

tFAND, old pret. oi find. Spenser. 

FAN-DAN'GO, n. [Sp.] A lively dance. 

FANE, n. [L./anwm.] A temple ; a place consecrated to 
religion ; a church ; used in poetry. Pope. 

FAN'FARE, n. [Fr.] A coming into the lists with sound 
of trumpets ; a nourish of trumpets. 

* FAN'FA-RON, n. [Fr. fanfaron.] A bully ; a hector ; a 
swaggerer ; an empty boaster ; a vain pretender. 

FAN-FAR-O-NaDE', n. A swaggering ; vain boasting ; 
ostentation ; a bluster. Swift. 

t FANG, V. t. [Sax. fengan.] To catch; to seize; to lay 
hold ; to gripe ; to clutch. SJiak. 

FANG, 71. [Sax. fang.] 1. The tusk of a boar or other ani- 
mal, by which the prey is seized and held ; a pointed tooth. 
2. A claw or talon. 3. Any shoot or other thing, by which 
hold is taken. 

FANGED, a. Furnished with fangs, tusks, or something 
long and pointed. Shak, 

t FAN'GLE, (fang'gl) n. [from Sax. fengan.] A new at- 
tempt ; a trifling scheme. 

FAN'GLED, a. Properly, begun, new-made ; hence, gau- 
dy ; showy ; vainly decorated. [Seldom used, except 
with new. See New-fangled.] 

FANG LESS, a. Having no fangs or tusks ; toothless. 

FAN'GOT, n. A quantity of wares, as raw silk, &c., from 
one to two hundred weight and three quarters. 

FAN'ION, (fan'yun) n. [Fr.] In armies, a small flag car- 
ried with the baggage. Encyc. 

FANNED, pp. Blown with a fan ; winnowed ; ventilated. 

FAN'NEL, or FAN'ON, n. [Fr. fanon.] A sort of ornament 
i ike a scarf, worn about the left arm of a mass-priest, 
when he officiates. 

FAN'NER, 71. One who fans. Jeremiah. 
FAN'NING, ppr. Blowing; ventilating. 
f FAN'TA-SIED, a. Filled with fancies or Imaginations ; 
whimsical. Shak. 

FAN'TASM, 71. [Gr. (pavTaafxa. TJsnMy writtenphaiitasm..] 
That which appears to the imagination ; a phantom ; 
something not real. 



FAN-TAS'Tie, I a. [Fr. fantaslique.] I Fanciful 

FAN-TAS'TI-€AL, ] produced or existing only in imag- 
ination ; imaginary; not real ; chimerical. 2. Having 
the nature of a phantom ; apparent only. 3. Unsteady ; 
irregular. 4. Whimsical; capricious; fanciful , indulg- 
ing the vagaries of imagination. 5. Whimsical; odd. 

FAN-TASTIC, n. A fantastic or whimsical person. Dr 
Jackson. 

FAN-TAS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. 1. By the power of imagina- 
tion. 2. In a fantastic manner ; capriciously ; unsteadi- 
ly. 3. Whimsically ; in compliance with fancy. Grew. 

FAN-TAS'TI-€AL-NESS, n. Compliance with fancy ; hu- 
morousness ; whimsicalness ; caprice. 

FAN-TAS'TI€-LY, adv. Irrationally; whimsically. B. 
Jons on. 

FAN-1 AS'TI€-NESS. The same as fantasticalness. 

FAN'TA-SY, n. and v. Now written /amcT/, Which see. 

FAN'TOM, n. [Fr. fantdme.] Something that appears to 
the imagination; also, a spectre; a ghost; an apparition. 
It is generally written phantom. 

FAN'TOM-€ORN, 71. Lank, or light corn JVorth of Eng- 
land. Grose. 

jFAP, a. Fuddled. Shak 

FA'aUIR. See Fakir. 

FAR, a. [Sax. feor,fior ot fyr.] 1. Distant, in any direc- 
tion ; separated by a wide space from the place where one 
is, or from any given place remote. — 2. Figuratively, re- 
mote from nurpose ; contrary to design or wishes. 3. 
Remote in affection or obedience ; at enmity with ; alien- 
ated. 4. More or most distant of the two. 

FAR, adv. 1. To a great extent or distance of space.— 2. 
Figuratively, distantly in time from any point ; remotely. 
— 3. In interrogatories, to what distance or extent. 4. In 
great part. 5. In a great proportion ; by many degrees ; 
very much. 6. To a certain point, degree or distance. — 
From far, from a great distance ; from a remote place. — 
Far from, at a great distance. — Far off. 1. At a great dis- 
tance. 2. To a great distance. — 3. In a spiritual sense, 
alienated ; at enmity ; in a state of ignorance and aliena- 
tion. — Far other, very different. 

t FAR-A-BOUT', 71. A going out of the way. Fuller. 

FAR'-FaMED, a. Widely celebrated. Pope. 

FAR'-FETCH, 71. A deep-laid stratagem. [Little used.] 

FAR4-FETCHED, a. 1. Brought from a remote place. 2. 
Studiously sought ; not easily or naturally deduced or in- 
troduced ; forced ; strained. [Far fet, the same, is not 
used.] 

FAR-PIER'CING, a. Striking or penetrating a grea*; way. 
Pope. 

FAR-SHOOT'ING, a. Shooting to a great distance. Dryden. 

FAR, 71. [Sax. /(zr A, /ear A.] The young of swine ; or "a lit- 
ter of pigs. [Local.] Tusser. 

FAR'ANT-LY, a. 1. Orderly ; decent ; respectable. Cra- 
ven dialect. 2. Comely ; handsome. Ray. 

FARCE, (fars) v. t. [h.farcio ; Fr. farcir.] I. To stuff; 
to fill with mingled ingredients. 2. To extend ; to swell 
out. 

FARCE, (fars) n. [Fr. farce ; It. farsa.] A dramatic com- 
position, originally exhibited by charlatans or buffoons, in 
the open street, for the amusement of the crowd, but now 
introduced upon the stage. 

FAR'CI-€AL, a. 1. Belonging to a farce ; appropriated to 
farce. 2. Droll ; ludicrous ; ridiculous. 3. Illusory ; de- 
ceptive. 

FAR'CI-€AL-LY, adv. In a manner suited to farce ; hence, 
ludicrotisly. 

FAR'CI-LlTE, n. Pudding-stone. 

FAR'CIN, or FAR'CY, n. A disease of horses, sometimes 
of oxen, of the nature of a scabies or mange. 

FAR'CTNG, n. Stuffing composed of mixed ingredients. 

FARCTATE, a. [L. farctus.] In botany, stuffed ; cram- 
med, or full ; without vacuities. 

t FARD, v. t. [Fr.l To paint. Shenstone. 

FAR'DEL, n. [It. fardello ,■ Fr. fardeau.] A bundle or little 
pack. Shak. 

FAR'DEL, v. t. To make up in bundles. Fuller. 

FARE, V. i. [Sax. and Goth, faran.] 1. To go ; to pass , 
to move forward; to travel. Milton. 2. To be in any 
state, good or bad ; to be attended with any circumstances 
or train of events, fortunate or unfortunate. 3. To feed , 
to be entertained. 4. To proceed in a train of conse- 
quences, good or bad. 5. To happen well or ill ; with it 
impersonally. 

FARE, n. ]. The price of passage or going ; the sum paid 
or due, for conveying a person by land or water. 2 
Food ; provisions of the table. 3. The person conveyed 
in a vehicle. Drummond. 

*FARE'WELL. A compound of fare, in the imperative, 
and well. Go well ; originally applied to a person de- 
parting, but by custom now applied both to those who de- 
part and those who remain. It expresses a kind wish, a 
wish of happiness to those who leave or those who are left 
The verb and adverb are cften separated by the pronoun ; 
as, /are you well. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK , DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE .— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in t&w t Obsolete 



FAR 



330 



FAS 



*FAEE'WELL, n. 1. A wisli of happiness or welfare at 
parting ; the parting compliment j adieu. 2. Leave ; act 
of departme. Shak. 

FA-KI'NA, ; n. [1,. farina.] 1. In botany, the pollen, fine 

FAll'IN, ) dust or powder, contained in tlie anthers of 
plants, and which is supposed to fall on the stigma, and 
fructif"- me plant. — 2. In chemistry, starch or fecula, one 
of the p£Oxiinate principles of vegetables, 

FAR-I-Na'CEOUS, a. 1. Consisting or made of meal or 
flour 2. Containing meal. 3. Like meal ; mealy ; per- 
taining to meal . 

FAR'LIES, n. Unusual, unexpected things, Cumberland 
dialect. 

FXRMjTi. [Sax. farma,f earm or feorm.] 1. la Oreat Brit- 
ain, a tract of land leased on rent reserved ; ground let to 
a tenant on condition of his paying a certain sum, annu- 
ally or otherwise, for the use of it. — 2. In the United 
States, a portion or tract of land, consisting usually of 
grass land, meadow, pasture, tillage and woodland, culti- 
vated by one man, and usually owned by him in fee. 3. 
The state of land leased on rent reserved ; a lease. 

FARM, v.t. 1. To lease, as land, on rent reserved ; to let 
to a tenant on condition of paying rent. 2. To take at a 
certain rent or rate. 3 To lease or let, as taxes, impost 
or other duties, at a certain sum or rate per cent. 4. To 
take or hire for a certain rate per cent. 5. 1'o cultivate land. 

FARM'HOUSE, n. A house attached to a farm, and for the 
residence of a farmer. 

FARM'-OF-FlCE, n. Farm-offices are the out buildings 
pertaining to a farm. 

FARM'iTARD, n. The yard or inclosure attached to a barn ; 
or the inclosure surrounded by the farm buildings. 

FARM'A-BLE, a. That may be farmed. Sherwood. 

1 S.RMED, 2}p. Leased on re«it ; let out at a certain rate or 
price. 

FaRM'ER, 71. 1. In Oreat Biitain, a tenant ; -a lessee ; one 
who hires and cultivates a farm ; a cultivator of leased 
ground. 2. One who takes taxes, customs, excise or other 
duties, to collect for a certain rate per cent. — 3. In the 
United States, one who cultivates a farm ; a husbandman, 
whether a tenant or the proprietor. — 4. In minintr, the lord 
of the field, or one who farms the lot and cope of the king. 

FARM'ING, jipr. I. Letting or leasing land on rent resei-v- 
ed, or duties and imposts at a certain rate per cent.* 2. 
Taking on lease. 3. Cultivating land ; carrymg on the 
business of agriculture. 

FARM'ING, n. The business of cultivating land. 

FAR'MoST, a. Most distant or remote. Dryden. 

FAR'NESS, n. Distance ; remoteness. Carew. 

Fa'RO, n. A game at cards. 

FAR-RA6'l-N0US, a. [L. farrago.] Formed of various 
materials ; mixed. Kirican. 

FAR-Ra'GO, n. [L.] A mass composed of various materials 
confusedly mixed ; a medley. 

FAR'RAND, or Fa'RAND, n. Manner; custom; humor. 
Grose. 

FAR-RE-a'TION. iSee Confarreation. 

FAR'RI-ER, n. [Fr. ferrant ; It. ferraio.] 1. A shoer of 
horses ; a smith who shoes horses. 2. One who professes 
to cure the diseases of horses. 

FAR'RI-ER, V. i. To practice as a farrier. 

FAR'RI-ER-Y, n. The art of preventing, curing or miti- 
gating the diseases of horses. Now called the veterinary 
art. 

FAR'RoW, w. [SviX.fearh,fosrh.] A litter of pigs. 

I . iR'RoW, V. t. To bring forth pigs. Tusser. 

iAE'RoW, a. [J), vaare ; "eenvaare koe," a dry cow.] 
Not producing young in a particular season or year ; ap- 
plied to cows only. JVerc England. 

FART, V, i. To break wind behind. 

FART, n. Wind from behind. 

FAR'THER, a. comp. [Sax. forther, from feor, far, or 
rather from forth.] 1. More remote; more distant than 
something else. 2. Longer ; tending to a greater distance. 

FAR'THER, adv. 1. At or to a greater distance ; more re- 
motely ; beyond. 2. Moreover ; by way of progression in 
a subject. 

FAR'THER, v. t. To promote ; to help forward. 

t FAB'THER-ANCE, n. A helping forward ; promotion. 

FAR'THER-MORE, adv. Besides ; moreover.— Instead of 
the last three words, we now use furtherance, farther- 
more, further ; wliicli see. 

FAR'THEST, a. superl. [Sax. feorrest. See Furthest.] 
Most distant or remote. 

FAR'THEST, adv. At or to the greatest distance. See 
Furthest. 

FAR'TIIING, 71. [Sax.feorthung.] 1. The /mtrt/i of a pen- 
ny ; a small copper coin of Great Britain. 2. Farthings, 
in the plural, copper coin. 3. Very small price or value. 
4. A division of land ; [obs.] 

FAR'THIN-GALE, n. A hoop petticoat; or circles of 
hoops, formea of whalebone, used to extend the petticoat. 

TAR'THINGS-WoRTH, n. As much as is sold for a far- 
thing. Arbuthnot. 



FAB'CES, 71. plu. [li.fascis.] In Roman antiquity a 6u!l- 
dle of rods, bound round the helve of an axe,andhorne be- 
fore the Roman magistrates as a badge of their authority. 

FASCI-A, (fash'e-a) n. [L.] 1. A band, sash or fillet.— In 
architecture, any flat member with a small projecture. — 
2. In astrcnomy, the belt of a planet. — 3. In surgery, a 
bandage, roller or ligature. — 4. In anatomy, a tendinous 
expansion or aponeurosis. 

FAS'CI-AL, (fash'e-al) a. Belonging to the fasces. 

FAS CI-A-TED, (fash'e^a-ted) a. Bound with a fillet, sash 
or bandage. 

FAS-CI-A'TION, (fash-e-fi'shun) n. The act or manner of 
binding up diseased parts ; bandage. 

FAS'CI-€LE, 71. [L. fasciculus.] In botany, a bundle, or 
little bundle ; a species of inflorescence. 

FAS-CI€'U-LAR, a. [Ij.fascicularis.] United in a bundle. 

PAS-CI€'U-LAR-LY, adv. In the form of bundles. 

FAS-CI€'U-LATE, FAS-CI€'U-LA-TED, or FAS'CI- 
€LED, a. Growing in bundles or bunches from the same 
point. 

FAS-CI€'U-LlTE, n. A variety of fibrous hornblend 

FAS'CI-NATE, v. t. [L. fascino.] 1. To bewitch ; to en- 
chant ; to operate on by some powerful or irresistible in- 
fluence. 2. To charm ; to captivate ; to excite and allure 
irresistibly or powerfully. 

FAS'CI-NA-TED, j^P- Bewitched ; enchanted ; charmed. 

FAS'CI-NA-TING, j?^?-. Bewitching; enchanting; charm- 
ing; captivating. 

FAS-CI-Na'TION, 71. The act of bewitching or enchant- 
ing ; enchantment ; witchcraft ; a powerful or irresistible 
influence on the afi'ections or passions ; unseen, inexplica- 
ble influence. 

* FAS'CiNE, or FAS-ClNE', n. [Fr.] In fortification, a 
fagot, a bundle of rods or small sticks of wood. 

fFAS'CI-NOUS, a. Caused or acting by witchcraft. Harvey, 

FASH, v.t. [Old Fr.fascher.] To vex; to tease. 

FASH'ION, (fash'un) n. [Fr. fagon.] 1. The make or form 
of any thing ; the state of any thing with regard to its ex- 
ternal appearance; shape. 2. Form; model to be imi- 
tated ; pattern. 3. The form of a gannent ; the cut or 
shape of clothes. 4. The prevailing mode of dress or or- 
nament. 5. Manner ; sort ; way ; mode. 6. Custom ; 
prevailing mode or practice. 7. Genteel life or good 
breeding. 8. Any thing worn ; [obs.] 9. Genteel com- 
pany. 10. Workmanship. 

FASH'ION, (fasli'un) v. t. [Fr. fagonner.] 1. To form ; to 
give shape or figure to ; to mold. 2. To fit ; to adapt ; to 
accommodate. 3. To make according to the rule pre- 
scribed bv custom, 4. To forge or counterfeit ; [obs.] 

FASH'ION- A-BLE, a. 1. Made according to the prevailing 
form or mode. 2. Established by custom or use ; cur- 
rent ; prevailing at a particular time. 3. Observant of the 
fashion or customary mode ; dressing or behaving accord- 
ing to the prevailing fashion. 4. Genteel ; well bred. 

FASH'ION-A-BLE-NESS, 7i. The state of being fashiona- 
ble ; modish elegance ; such appearance as is according to 
the prevailing custom. 

FASH'ION-A-BLY, adv. In a manner according to fashion, 
custom or prevailing practice. 

FASH'IONED, pp. Made ; formed ; shaped ; adapted. 

FASH'ION-ER, n. One who forms or gives shape to. 

FASH'ION-ING, ppr. Forming ; giving shape to ; fitting ; 
adapting. 

FASH'ION-IST, 71. A follower of the mode ; a fop ; a cox- 
comb. Diet. 

FASH'ION-MoN'GER, n. One who studies the fashion , a 
fop. 

FASH'I0N-M6N'GER-ING, a. Behaving like a fashion- 
monger. Shak. 

FAS'SA-ITE, n. A mineral, a variety of augite. 

FAST, a. [Sax. fcest, fest.] 1. Close ; tight. 2. Firm , 
immovable. 3. Close ; strong. 4. Firmly fixed ; closely 
adhering. 5. Close, as sleep ; deep ; sound. 6. Firm in 
adherence. — Fast and loose, variable ; inconstant ; as, to 
play/a5* and loose. 

FAST, adv. Firmly ; immovably.— Fast by, or fast beside, 
close or near to. 

FAST, a. [W. fest.] Swift ; moving rapidly ; quick in 
motion. 

FAST, adv. Swiftly ; rapidly ; with quick steps. 

FAST, V. i. [Sax.ftsstan.] 1. To abstain from food, beyond 
the usual time; to omit to take the usual meals, for a 
time. 2. To abstain from food voluntari,*'- 3. To ab- 
stain from food partially, or from particular kinds of 
food . 

FAST, n. 1. Abstinence from food ; properly, a total absti- 
nence, but it is used also for an abstinence from particular 
kinds of food, for a certain time. 2. Voluntary abstinence 
from food, as a religious mortification or humiliation. 3. 
The time of fasting, whether a day, week or longer time. 

FAST, 7i._That which fastens or holds. 

FAST'-DaY, 71, The day on which fasting is observed, 

FAS'TEN, (fas'n) v.t. [Sax. fcestnian.] I. To fix firmly; 
to make fast or close. 2. To lock, bolt or bar ; to secure. 



5</r Synops^' A, E, T, O, U, Y, Zoti^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



FAT 



331 



FAT 



3. To hold together ; to cement or to link ; to unite close- 
ly. 4. To affix or conjoin. 5. To fix ; to impress. 6. 
To lay on witli strength. 

FAS'TEN, V. i. To fasten on, is to fix one's self j to seize 
and hold on ; tc clinch. 

FAS'TENED, pp. Made firm or fast ; impressed. 

FAS'TEN-ER, n. One that makes fast or firm. 

FaS'TEX-ING, ppr. Making fast. 

FAS'TEN-Ii\G, «. Any thing that binds and makes fast j 
or that which is intended for that purpose. 

FASTER, 71. One who abstains from food. 

FAST'-HAND-ED, a. Closehanded ; covetous ; closefisted ; 
avaricious. Bacon. 

t FAS-TID-I-OS'I-TY, n. Fastidiousness. Swift. 

FAS-TID'I-OUS, a. [L.fastidiosus.] 1. Disdainful; squeam- 
ish ; delicate to a fault ; over nice ; difficult to please. 2. 
Squeamish ; rejecting what is common qr not very nice ; 
suited with difficulty. 

FAS-TID I-OUS-LY, adv. Disdainfully; squeamishly; con- 
temptuously. 

FAS-TID'I-OUS-NESS, n. Disdainfulness; contemptuous- 
ness ; squeamishness of mind, taste or appetite. 

FAS-TI6'I-ATE, ; a. [L. fastigiatns.] 1. In botany, a 

FAS-TI6'I-A-TED, \ fasti-Jiate stem is one whose branches 
are of an equal height. 2. Roofed ; narrowed to the 
top. 

FAST'ING, ppr. Abstaining from food. 

FAST'ING, n. The act of abstaining from food. 

FASTING-DaY, n. A day of fasting ; a fast-day. 

FAST'LY, adv. Surely. Barret. 

FASTNESS, 71. [Sax. ftBstenesse.] 1. The state of being 
fast and firm ; firm adherence. 2. Strength ; security. 

3. A strong hold ; a fortress or fort ; a place fortified ;"a 
castle. 4. Closeness; conciseness of style ; \_obs.'] 

FAS'TU-OUS, a. ['L.fastuosus.] Proud; haughty; disdain- 
ful. Barrow. 

FAT, a. [Sax./ffit,/eiJ.] 1. Fleshy; plump; corpulent. 2. 
Coarse ; gross. 3. Dull ; heavy ; stupid ; unteachable. 

4. Rich ; wealthy ; affluent. 5. Rich ; producing a large 
income. 6. Rich ; fertile. 7. Abounding in spiritual 
grace and comfort. Ps. xcii. 

FAT, 71. 1. An oily concrete substance, deposited in the 
cells of the adipose or cellular membrane of animal bodies. 
2. The best or richest part of a thing. 

FAT, V. t. To make fat ; to fatten ; to make plump and 
fieshy with abundant food. 

FAT, V. i. To grow fat, plump and fleshy. 

FAT, or VAT, n. [Sax. feet, foi, fet ; D. vat.] A large tub, 
cistern or vessel used for various purposes, as by brewers 
to run their wort in, by tanners for holding their bark and 
hides, Sec. 

FAT, n. A measure of capacity, but indefinite. 

Fa'TAL, a. [L. fatalis.] 1. Proceeding from fate or desti- 
ny ; necessary ; mevitable. 2. Appointed by fate or des- 
tiny. 3. Causing death or destruction; deadly; mortal. 
4. "Destructive ; calamitous. 

Fa'TAL-ISM, 71. The doctrine that all things are subject 
to fate, or that they take place by inevitable necessity. 

Fa'TAL-IST, n. One who maintains that all things happen 
by inevitable necessity. Watts. 

Fa-TAL'I-TY, n. [Ft. fatalite.] 1. A fixed, unalterable 
course of things, independent of God or any controlling 
cause ; an invincible necessity existing in things them- 
selves ; a doctrine of the Stoics. 2. Decree of fate. 3. 
Tendency to danger, or to some great or hazardous event. 
4. Mortality. 

Fa'TAL-LY, adv. 1. By a decree of fate or destiny; by 
inevitable necessity or determination. 2. Mortally ; de- 
structively ; in death or ruin. 

Fa'T^VL-XESS, n. Invincible necessity. 

FAT'BRaINED, a. Dull of apprehension. Shak. 

FATE, 71. [L. fatum.] 1. Primarily, a decree or word pro- 
nounced by God. Hence, inevitable necessity ; destiny 
depending on a superior cause, and uncontrollable. 2. 
Event predetermined ; lot ; destiny. 3. Final event ; 
death; destruction. 4. Cause of death. 

Fa'TED, a. 1. Decreed by fate: doomed; destined. 2. 
Modeled or regulated by fate. 3. Endued with any 
quality by late. 4. Invested with the power of fatal de- 
terramation. 

FaTE'FUL, a. Bearing fatal pow er ; producing fatal events 
./. Barlow. 

FATES, 71. phi. In mytholo^ij, the destinies or parca; ; 
goddesses supposed to preside over the birth aud life of 
men. They were three in number, Clotho, Lachesis and 
Atropos. 

FA'THER, n. [Sax. feeder, feder ; G. vater ; D. vader ; Ice., 
Sw. and Dan. fader ; Gr. -rrariiQ : L. pater.] 1. He who 
begets a child. 2. The first ancestor ; the progenitor of a 
race or family. 3. The appellation of an old man, and a 
term of respect. 4. TJie grandfather, or more remote an- 
cestor. 5. One who feeds and supports, or exercises pater- 
nal care over another. 6. He who creates, invents, makes 
or composes any thing ; the author, former or contriver ; 



a founder, director or instructor. God, as Creator, is th« 
Father of all men. 7. Fathers, iu the plural, ancestors 
8. A father-in-law. 9. The appellation of the first person 
in the adorable Trinity. 10. The title given to dignitaries 
of the church, superiors of convents, and to popish con- 
fessors. 11. The appellation of the ecclesiastical writers 
of the first centuries, as Polycarp, Jerome, fee. 12. The 
title of a senator m ancient Rome ; as, conscript /a£7ters. 

Adoptive father, he %vho adopts the children of emother, and 
acknowledges them as his own. — J^'atural father, the fa- 
ther of illegitimate children. — Putative father, one who is 
only reputed to be the father ; the supposed father. 

FATHER-IN-LAW, n. The father of one's husband or 
wife. 

FA'THER, V. t. 1. To adopt ; to take the child of another 
as one's own. 2. To adopt any thing as one's own ; to 
profess to be the author. 3. To ascribe or charge to one 
as his oflspring or production. 

FA'THERED, pp. 1. Adopted; taken as one's own; as 
cribed to one as the author. 2. Having had a father of 
particular qualities. 

FA THER-EQOD, n. The state of being a father, or the 
character or authority of a father. 

FA'THER-ING, p^. Adopting; taking or acknowledging as 
one's own ; ascribing to the father or author. 

FA'THER-LASH-ER, n. A fish of the genus cotttis. 

FA'THER-LESS, a. 1. Destitute of a living father. 2. 
Without a known author. 

FA'THER-LESS-NESS, n. The state of being without a 
father. 

FA THER-LI-NESS, n. The qualities of a father ; parental 
kindness, care and tenderness. 

FA'THER-LY, a. 1. Like a father in affection and care, 
tender ; paternal ; protecting ; Ccureful. 2. Pertaining to 
a father. 

FA'THER-LY, adv. In the manner of a father. 

FATH'OM, n. [Sax. fathem.] 1. A measure of length con- 
taining six feet, the space to which a man may extend 
his amis. 2. Reach ; penetration ; depth of thought or 
contrivance 

FATH'OM, V. t. 1. To encompass with the arms extended 
or encircling. 2. To reach; to master; to comprehend. 
3. To reach in depth ; to sound ; to try the depth. 4. To 
penetrate ; to find the bottom or extent. 

FATH'OMED, pp. Encompessed with the arms ; reached ; 
comprehended. 

FATH'OM-ER, 7!. One who fathoms 

FATH'OM-IXG, j;;?r. Encompassing with the arms; reacn- 
ing ; comprehending ; sounding ; penetrating. 

FATHOM-LESS, a. 1. That of which no bottom can be 
found ; bottomless. 2. That cannot be embraced, or en- 
compassed with the arms. 3. Not to be penetrated or 
comprehended. 

FA-TID'I-€AL, a. ['L.fatidicus.] Having power to foretell 
future events ; prophetic. 

FA-TIF'ER-OUS, a. ['L.fatifer.] Deadly ; mortal ; destruc- 
tive. Diet. 

FAT'I-GA-BLE, a. That may be wearied ; easilv tired. 

FAT'I-GATE, v. t. [L.fati^o.] To wearv ; to tire. 

FAT'I-GATE, a. Wearied ;"tu-ed. [Little used.] 

FAT-I-Ga'TION, 71. Weariness. W. Mountagu. 

FA-TiGUE', (fa-teeg') n. [Fr.] 1. Weariness with bodi- 
ly labor or mental exertion ; lassitude or exhaustion of 
strength. 2. The cause of weariness; labor; toil. 3 
The labors of miUtary men, distinct from the use of 
arms. 

FA-TlGUE', (fa-teeg') ■?;. t. [L.fatigo.] 1. To tire ; to wea- 
ry with labor or any bodDy or mental exertion ; to harass 
with toil; to exhaust the strength by severe or long- 
continued exertion. 2. To weary by importunity ; to 
harass. 

FA-TiGU'ED, (fa-teegd') pp. Wearied ; tired ; harassed. 

FA-TiGU'ING, (fa-teeg'ing) ppr. 1. Tiring; wearying; 
harassing. 2. a. Inducing weariness or lassitude. 

FA-TIS'CENCE, n. [L. fatisco.] A gaping or opening ; a 
state of being chinky. 

FAT-KID'NEYED, a. Fat ; gross. Shak. 

FAT'LING, 71. A lamb, kid or other young animal, fat 
tened for slaughter ; a fat animal. 

FAT'LY, adv. Grosslv ; greasily. 

FAT'NER, 71. That which fattens. 

FATNESS, V. 1. The quality of being fat, plump, or full- 
fed ; corpulency ; fullness of flesh. 2. Unctuous oi 
greasy matter. 3. Unctuousness : sliminess ; hence, rich- 
ness ; fertility; fruitfulness. 4.' That which gives fer- 
tility. 5. The privileges and pleasures of religion ; abun- 
dant blessings. Is. Iv. 

FAT'TEN,(fat'tn)7j.f. 1. To make fat ; to feed for slaughter; 
to make fleshv, or plump with fat. 2. To make fertile and 
fruitful ; to enrich. 3. To feed srosslv ; to fill. 

FAT'TEN, (fat'tn) v. i. To grow fat or corpulent ; to grow 
plump, thick or fleshy ; to be pampered. 

FAT TENED, (fat'tnd) pp. Made fat, plump or fleshy. 

FAT'TEN-ER, n. See Fatijer. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE BOOK, DoVE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; ? as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



FAV 



332 



FEA 



FAT'TEN-ING, (f at'tn-ing) ppr. Making fat j growing fat; 
making or growing rich and fruiiful. 

FAT'TI-NESS, 71. The state of being fat ; grossness. 

FAT'TISH, a. Somewhat fat. Sherioood. 

FAT'TY, a. Having the qualities of fat ; greasy. 

FA-Tu'I-TY, 71. ['L.fatuitas.] Weakness or imbecility of 
mind ; feebleness of intellect 3 foolis ,ness. 

FAT'U-OUS, a. [L. fatuus.] 1. Fecole in mind; weak; 
silly; stupid; foolish. 2. Impotent; without force or 
fire ; illusory. 

FAT'WIT-TED, a. Heavy ; dull ; stupid. Shak. 

FAU'CET, n. [Fr. fausset.] A pipe to be inserted in a cask 
for drawing liquor, and stopped with a peg or spigot. 

FAU'CHION. See Falchiox. 

FAU'FEL, n. [said to be Sanscrit.] The fruit of a species 
of the p8ilm-tree. 

FAUGH, (foh) An interjection of abhorrence. 

FAULT, n. [Fr.faute.] 1. An error or mistake ; a blunder; 
a defect ; a blemish ; whatever impairs excellence.— 2. 
In morals or deportment, any error or defect ; an imper- 
fection ; any deviation from propriety ; a slight offense ; 
a neglect of duty or propriety. 3. Defect; want; ab- 
sence ; [ohs. See Default.] 4. Puzzle ; difficulty.— 5. In 
miniiio-, a fissure in strata, causing a dislocation of the 
same,^and thus inteiTupting the course of \e.ms.— To find 
fault, to express blame ; to com.^\a.m.— To find fault with, 
to blame ; to censure. 

t FAULT, V. i. To fail ; to be wrong. Spenser. 

FAULT, V. t. To charge with a fault ; to accuse 

FAULT'ED, pp. Charged with a fault ; accused. 

FAULT'ER, n. An offender ; one who commits a fault. 

FAULT'-FiND-ER, 71. One who censures or objects. 

FAULT'FUL, a. Full of faults or sins., Shak. 

FAULT'I-LY, adv. Defectively ; erroneously ; imperfect- 
ly ; improperly ; wrongly. 

FAULT'I NESS, 71. 1. The state of being faulty, defective 
or erroneous ; defect. 2. Badness ; vitiousness ; evil dis- 
position. 3. Delinquency; actual offenses. 

FAULT'ING, ppr. Accusmg. 

FAULT'LESS, a. 1. Without fault; not defective or im- 
perfect ; free from blemish ; free from incorrectness ; 
perfect. 2. Free from vice or imperfection. 

FAULT'LESS-NESS, n. Freedom from faults or defects. 

FAULT' Z, a. 1. Containing faults, blemishes or defects; 
defective ; imperfect. 2. Guilty of a fault or of faults ; 
hence, blamable ; worthy of censure. 3. Wrong ; erro- 
neous. 4. Defective ; imperfect ; bad. 

FAUN, n. [L. faunu^.] Among the Romans, a kind of 
demigod, or rural deity, called also sylvan. 

FAUN'IST, 71. One who attends to rural disquisitions ; a 
naturalist. White. 

FAUSSE'-BRaYE, 71. A small mount of earth, four fathoms 
wide, erected on the level around the foot of the rampart. 

FAU'SEN, 71. A large eel. Chapman. 

FAU'TOR, n. [L.] A favorer ; a patron ; one who gives 
countenance or support. [Little used.] 

FAU'TRESS, 7). A female favorer ; a patroness. 

fFAVEL, 71. [Fi.favele.] Deceit. Old Morality of Hycke- 
Scorner. 

tFAV'EL, a. [Fr. faveau.] Yellow; fallow; dun. 

FA-VIL'LOUS, a. rL. faijilla.] 1. Consisting of or pertain- 
ing to ashes. 2. Resembling ashes. 

Fa'VOR, n. [h. favor ; Fr.faveur.] 1. Kind regard ; kind- 
ness ; countenance ; propitious aspect; friendly disposition. 
2. Support; defense; vindication ; or disposition to aid, 
befriend, support, promote or justify. 3. A kind act or 
office ; kindness done or granted; benevolence shown by 
word or deed ; any act of grace or good will. 4, Lenity ; 
mildness or mitigation of punishment. 5. Leave ; good 
will ; a yielding or concession to another ; pardon. 6. 
The object of kind regard ; the person or thing favored. 
7. A gift or present ; something bestowed as an evidence 
if good will ; a token of love ; a knot of ribbons ; some- 
thing worn as a token of affection. 8. A feature ; coun- 
tenance ; [not used.] 9. Advantage ; convenience afford- 
ed for success. 10. Partiality ; bias. 
Fa'VOR, v. t. 1. To regard with kindness ; to support ; to 
aid or have the disposition to aid, or to wish success to ; 
to be propitious to ; to countenance ; to befriend ; to en- 
courage. 2. To afford advantages for success ; to facili- 
tate. 3. To resemble in features. 4. To ease ; to spare. 
A'VOR-A-BLE, a. [L. favorabilis ; Fr., Sp. favorable ; 
It favorahile, or favnrcvole.] L Kind ; propitious; friend- 
ly ; affectionate. 2. Palliative ; tender ; averse to cen- 
sure. 3. Conducive to ; contributing to ; tending to pro- 
mote. 4. Convenient ; advantageous ; affording means 
to facilitate, or affording facilities. 5. Beautiful ; well 
favored ; [ohs.] 
Fa'VOR-A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Kindness ; kind disposition 
or regard. 2. Convenience ; suitableness ; that state 
which affords advantages for success : conduciveness. 
Fa'VOR-A-BLY, adv. Kindly ; with friendly dispositions ; 

with regard or affection ; with an inclination to favor. 
Fa'VORED, pp. 1. Countenanced ; supported ; aided ; sup- 



plied with advantages; eased; spared. 2. a.Iiegarded 
with kindness. 3. Witli tdbU or ill prefixed, featured ; 
as, well-favored, ill-favored.— Well-favoredly, with a 
good appearance ; [little used.] El-favoredly, with a bad 
appearance; [little v^ed.] 

Fa'VOR-ED-N£SS, 71. Appearance. Deut. 

Fa'VOR-ER, 71. One who favors ; one who regards with 
kindness or friendship ; a well-wisher. 

f Fa'VOR-ESS, n. She who countenances, or favors. 

Fa'VOR-ING, pjir. Regarding with friendly dispositions ; 
countenancing ; wishing well to ; facilitatmg. 

Fa'VOR-ITE, n. [Fr. favori, favorite.] A person or thing 
regarded with peculiar favor, preference and affection ; 
one greatly beloved. 

Fa'VOR-iTE, a. Regarded with particular kindness, af- 
fection, esteem or preference. 

Fa'VOR-IT-ISM, n. 1. The act or practice of favoring. 2. 
The disposition to favor. Paley. 3. Exercise of power by 
favorites. Burke. 

Fa'VOR-LESS, a. 1. Unfavored ; not regarded with favor. 
2. Not favoring ; unpropitious. Spenser. 

FAV'0-SITE, 71. [L.favus.] A genus of fossU zoophytes. 

FAWN, 71. [Fr./ao7t.i A young deer ; a buck or doe of the 
first year. 

FAWN, 7;. i. [Fr.faonner.] To bring forth a fawn. 

FAWN, 7;. i. [Sax. /<E/T-ema7i.] 1. To comt favor, or show 
attachment to, by frisking about one. 2. To soothe ; to 
flatter meanly ; to blandish ; to court servilely ; to cringe 
and bow to gain favor. 

FAWN, 77. A servile cringe or bow ; mean flattery. 

FAWN'ER, 71. One who fawns ; one who cringes and flat- 
ters meanly. 

FAWN'ING, ppr. Courting servilely ; flattering by cringing 
and meanness ; brmging forth a fawn. 

FAWN'ING, n. Gross flattery. Shak. 

FAWN'ING-LY, adv. In a cringing, servile way; with 
mean flattery. 

jFAX'ED, a. [Sax./eax.] Hairy. Camden. 

FAY, 71. [Fr.fee.] A fairy ; an elf. Pope. 

FAY, v. i. [Sax. fcBgan.] To fit; to suit; to unite closely 
with. See Fadge. 

FAY, V. t. [Su. Goth, feia.] 1. To cleanse, as a ditch or pond. 
Cheshire Gloss. 2. To cast up ; to cleanse ; to remove 
earth. Craven dialect. 

t FkA'BER-RY, n. A gooseberry. Diet. 

t FeAGUE, (feeg) v. t. [G. fegen.] To beat or whip. 

Fk'AL, a. Faithful. 

FeAL, v. t. [Icel. fel.] To hide ; to conceal. JV. of Eng 

*Fe'AL-TY, 7?. [Fr. feal; It. fedeltd.] Fidelity to a lord; 
a faithful adherence of a tenant or Vcissal to the superior 
of whom he holds his lands ; loyalty. 

FeAR, n. 1. A painful emotion or passion excited by an ex- 
pectation of evil, or the apprehension of impending dan- 
ger. Fear expresses less apprehension than dread, and 
dread less than terror and fright. 2. Anxiety ; solici- 
tude. 3. The cause of fear. 4. The object of fear. 
5. Something set or hung up to terrify wild animals, by 
its color or noise. — 6. In Scripture, fear is used to express 
a ^aaZ or a sZat'isA passion. 7. The worehip of God. 8. 
The law and word of God. 9. Reverence ; respect ; due 
regard. 

FeAR, v. t. [Sax. faran, afceran.] 1. To feel a painful 
apprehension of some impending evil ; to be afraid of; 
to consider or expect with emotions of aiarm or solicitude. 

2. To reverence ; to have a reverential awe ; to venerate. 

3. To affright ; to terrify ; to drive away by fear ; [ohs.] 
FeAR, v. i. "To be m apprehension of evil ; to be afraid ; 

tq^feel anxiety on account of some expected evil, 
t FeAR, 71. [Sax. /era, ^f/era.] A companion. Sec Peer 
Feared, pp. Apprehended or expected with painful solic- 
itude ; reverenced 

* FeAR'FUL, a. 1. Affected by fear ; feeling pain in ex- 
pectation of evil. 2. Timid ; timorous ; wantiiig courage. 
3. Terrible ; impressing fear ; frightful ; dreadful. 4. Aw- 
ful ; to be reverenced. 

* FEAR'FUL, adv. Used adverbially in the J^orth of Eng- 

land. 

* FeAR'FIJL-LY, adv. 1. Timorously ; in fear. 2. Ter- 
ribly ; dreadfully ; in a manner to impress terror. 3. In 
a manner to impress admiration and astonishment. 

*FEAR'FyL-NESS, n. 1. Timorousness ; timidity. 2. 
State of being afraid; awe; dread. 3. Terror; alaim: 
apprehension of evil. 

FeAR'LESS, a. 1. Free from fear. 2. Bold ; couj-ageous ; 
intrepid ; undaunted. 

FeAR'LESS-LY, adv. Without fear ; in a bold or coura- 
geous manner ; intrepidly. 

FeAR'LESS-NESS, 77. Freedom from fear ; courage ; bold- 
ness ; intrepidity. 

FeAS-I-BIL'I-TY, 77. The quality of being capable of ex- 
ecution ; practicability. 

FeAS'I-BLE, a. [Fr. faisahle.] 1. TJiat may be done, per- 
formed, executed or effected; practicable. 2. That may 
be used or tilled, as land. B. Trumbull. 



* See Synopsis. A, £, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;-^PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete 



FEC 



333 



FEE 



1 £ AS'I-BLE, 71. That which is practicable ; that which can 

be performed by human means. 
FeAS'I-BLE-NESS, n. Feasibility ; practicability. 
FeAS'I-BLY, adv. Practicably. 
Feast,?!. ['L./estum; Fr. fete.] 1. A sumptuous repast 

or entertainment, of which a number of guests partake. 

2. A rich or delicious repast or meal ; something delicious 
to the palate. 3. A ceremony of feasting ; an anniversary, 
periodical or stated celebration of some event ; a festival ; 
4. Something delicious and entertaining to the mind or 
soul. 5. Thatwhich delights and entertains. 

Feast, v. L l. To eat sumptuously ; to dine or sup on rich 
provisions. Job, i. 2. To be highly gratified or delighted. 

Feast, v.t. l. To entertain with sumptuous provisions ; 
to treat at the table magnificently. 2. To delight ; to 
pamper ; to gratify luxuriously. 

FeAST'ED, pp. Entertained sumptuously ; delighted. 

FeAST'ER, 71. I. One who fares deliciously. 2. One who 
entertains magnificently. Johnson. 

FeAST'FUL, a. 1. Festive ; joyful. Milton. 2. Sumptu- 
ous ; luxurious. Pope. 

FeAST'ING, ppr. 1. Eating luxuriously. 2. Delighting j 
gratifying. 3. Entertaining with a sumptuous table. 

FeAST'ING, n. An entertainment. 

FeAST'RiTE, n. Custom observed in entertainments. 

Feat, 71. [Fr. fait.'] 1. An act ; a deed ; an exploit.— 2. 
In a subordinate sense, any extraordinary act of strength, 
skill or cunning. 

t FeAT, a. Readv ; skilful ; ingenious. Shak. 

tFEAT, V. t. To form ; to fashion. Shak. 

t FeAT'E-OUS, a. Neat 5 dextrous. 

t FeAT'E-OUS-LY, adv. Neatly ; dextrously. 

FEATH'ER, ; 71. [Sax. fether ; G. feder. The latter orthog- 

FETH'ER, \ raphy is more accordant with etymology.] 

1. A plume ; a general name of the covering of fowls. 2. 
Kind ; nature ; species ; from the proverbial phrase, 
"birds of a feather." 3. An ornament ; an empty title. 
— 4. On a horse, a sort of natural frizzling of the hair. — j1 
feather in the cap is an honor or mark of distinction. 

FEATH'ER, v. t. 1. To dress in feathers ; to fit with 
feathers, or to cover with feathers. 2. To tread, as a cock. 

3. To enrich ; to adorn 3 to exalt. — To feather one^s nest, 
to collect wealth. 

FEATH'ER- BED, n. A bed filled with feathers ; a soft bed. 
FEATH'ER-DRlV'ER, 71. One who beats feathers to make 

them hght or loose. 
FEATH'ERED, pp. 1. Covered with feathers; enriched. 

2. a. Clothed or covered with feathers. 3. Fitted or fur- 
nished with feathers. 4. Smoothed, like down or feath- 
ers. 5. Covered with things growing from the substance. 

FEATH'ER-EDGE, n. An edge like a feather. 

FEATH'ER-ED6ED, a. Having a thin edge. 

FEATH'ER-FEW. A corruption of fever-few. 

FEATH'ER-GRASS, 71. A plant, gramen plumos^im. John- 
son. 

FEATH'ER-LESS, a. Destitute of feathers ; unfledged. 
Hoiceh 

t FEATH'ER-LY, a. Resembling feathers. Brown. 

FEATH'ER-SEL'LER, n. One who sells feathers for beds. 

FEATH'ER-Y, a. I. Clothed or covered with feathers. Mil- 
ton. 2. Resembling feathers. 

FeAT'LY, adv. Neatly ; dextrously ; adroitly. 

FeAT'NESS, 71. Dexterity ; adroitness ; skilfulness. [Little 
v^ed.] 

tFEAT'OUS. Sec Feateous. 

FeAT'URE,71. [Norm, faiture.] 1. The make, form, or 
cast of any part of the face ; any single lineament. 2. 
The make or cast of the face. 3. The fashion ; the make ; 
the whole turn or cast of the body. 4. The make or form 
of any part of the surface of a thing. 5. Lineament ; 
outline ; prominent parts. 

FeAT'URED, a. Having features or good features. 

FeAZE, v. t. To untwist the end of a rope. 

t FE-BRIC'I-TATE, v. i. [L. febmcitar.] To be in a fever. 
Diet. 

t FE-BRI€'U-LOSE, a. Troubled with a fever. Diet 

FEB'RI-Fa-CIENT, a. Causmg fever. Beddoes. 

FEB'RI-Fa-CIENT, 71. That which produces fever. 

FE-BRIF'I€, a. [L. febris and facio.] Producing fever ; 
feverish. 

FEB'RI-FUGE, 71. [L. febris and fiigo J Any medicine 
that mitigates or removes fever. 

FEB'RI-FU6E, a. Having the quality of mitigating or sub- 
duing fever; antifebrile. Jirbuthnot. 

* FE'BEILE, or FEB'RILE, a. [Fr. ; h.febrilis.] Pertain- 
ing to fever ; indicating fever, or derived from it. 

FEB'RU-A-RY, 71. [1,. Februarius.] The name of the sec- 
ond month in the year. 

FEB-RU-a'TION, 71. Purification. Spenser. 

Fe'CAL, a. Containing or consisting of dregs, lees, sedi- 
ment or excrement. 

Fe'CES, 71. plu. [L. faces.] 1. Dregs ; lees ; sediment ; 
the matter which subsides in casks of liquor. 2. Excre- 
ment. 



Fe'CIAL, a. [L. fecialis.] Pertaining to heralds and the 
denunciation of war to an enemy. Kent. 

t FECK'LESS, a. Spiritless ; feeble ; weak ; perhaps a cor- 
ruption of effectless. 

FE€'U-LA, n. 1. The green matter of plants ; chlorophyl. 
Ure. 2. Starch or farina. 

FEC'U-LENCE, \n. [L. fmculentia.] 1. Muddiness ; loul. 

FE€'IJ-LEN-CY, \ ness ; the quality of being foul. 2. 
Lees ; sediment ; dregs. 

FEOU-LENT, a. Foul with extraneous or impure sub- 
stances ; muddy ; thick ; turbid. 

FE€'U-LUM, n. A dry, dusty substance obtained from 
plants. 

*Fe'€UND, a. [L. facundus,] Fruitftil in children ; pro- 
lific. Qraunt. 

* Fe'€UN-DATE, v.t. 1. To make fruitful or prolific. 3. 
To impregnate. 

* Fe'CUN-DA-TED, pp. Rendered prolific or fruilfui. 

* Fe'€UN-DA-TING, ppr. Rendering fruillul 
FE-CUN-Da'TION, n. The act of making fruitful or pro- 
lific ; impregnation. 

FE-€UND'I-FY, v. t. To make fruitfux ; to fecundate. 

FE-€UND'I-TY, 71. [L. fcBcunditas.] 1. Fruitfulness ; the 
quality of producing fruit ; particularly, the quality in fe- 
male animals of producing young in great numbers. 2. 
The power of producing or bringing forth. Ray. 3. Fer- 
tility ; the power of bringing forth in abundance ; rich- 
ness of invention. 

FED, pret and pp. of feed, which see. 

FED'ER-AL, a. [L. fadm.] 1. Pertaining to a league or 
contract. Grew. 2. Consisting in a compact between par- 
ties ; founded on alliance by contract or mutual agreement. 
3. Friendly to the constitution of the United States. 

FED'ER-AL-IST, n. An appellation, in America, given to 
the friends of the constitution of the United States, at its 
formation and adoption, and to the politictil party which 
favored the administration of President Washington. 

t FED'ER-A-RY, or j FED'A-RY, n. A partner ; a confede- 
rate ; an accomplice. Shak. 

FED'ER-ATE, a. [L. fwderatus.] Leagued ; united ijy 
compact, as sovereignties, states or nations ; joined in 
confederacy. 

FED-ER-a'TION, 71. 1, The act of uniting ma league. 2 
A league ; a confederacy. Burke. 

FED'ER-A-TiVE, a. Uniting ; joining in a league ; form- 
ing a confederacy. 

fFED'I-TY, ??. [L. fceditas.] Turpitude; vileness. 

FEE, n. [Sax. feo,feoh.] 1. A reward or compensation for 
services ; recompense, either gratuitous, or established by 
law. 

FEE, 71. [a contraction of feud or fief.] Primarily, a loan of 
land, an estate in trust, granted by a prince or lord, to be 
held by the grantee on condition of personal service, or 
other condition ; and if the grantee or tenant failed to per- 
form the conditions, the land reverted to the lord or donor, 
called the landlord, or lend-lord, the lord of the loan. A 
fee, then, is any land or tenement held of a superior on 
certain conditions. It is synonymous with fief and feud. 
— In the United States, an estate in fee or fee-sim-ple is 
what is called in English law an allodial estate, an estate 
held by a person in his own rignt, and descendible to tlie 
heirs in general. 

FEE'-FARM, n. A kind of tenure of estates without hom- 
age, fealty or other service, except that mentioned in the 
feoffment. 

FEE'-TaIL, 7?. An estate entailed ; a conditional fee. 

FEE, V. t. 1. To pay a fee to ; to reward. Hence, 2. To 
engage in one's service by advancing a fee or sum of 
money to. 3. To hire ; to bribe. 4. To keep in hire. 

FEE'BLE, a. [Fr. foible ; Sp. feble.] 1. Weak , destitute 
of much physical strength. 2. Infirm ; sickly ; debilitated 
by disease. 3. Debilitated by age or decline of life. 4. 
Not full or loud. 5. Wanting force or vigor. 6. Not 
bright or strong ; faint ; imperfect. 7. Not strong or vig- 
orous. 8. Not vehement or rapid ; slow ; as, feeble mo- 
tion. 

t FEE'BLE, ^.t. To weaken. See Enfeeble. 

FEE'BLE-MlND-ED, a. Weak in mind ; wanting firmness 
or constancy ; irresolute. 

FEE'BLE-NESS, n. 1. Weakness of body or mind, from 
any cause ; imbecility ; infirmity ; want of strength, phys- 
ical or intellectual. 2. Want of fullness or loudness. 3. 
Want of vigor or force. 4. Defect of brigJitness. 

FEE'BLY, adv. Weakly ; without strength. 

FEED, V. t. ; pret. and pn. fed. [Sax.fedan.] 1. To give 
food to. 2. To supply with provisions. 3. To supply ; to 
furnish with any thing of which there is constant con- 
sumption, waste or use. 4. To graze ; to cause to be crop- 
ped by feeding, as herbage by cattle. 5. To nourish ; to 
cherish ; to supply with nutriment. 6. To keep in hope 
or expectation. 7. To supply fuel. 8. To delight ; to sup- 
ply with something desirable ; to entertain. 9. "" o give 
food or fodder for fattening; to fatten. 10. To supply 
with food, and to lead, guard and protect. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE BOOK, DOVE ;-BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; C as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



FEL 



334 



FEL 



FEED, V. i. 1. To take food ; to eat. 2. To subsist by eat- 
ing -. lo prey. 3. To pasture ; to graze ; to place cattle to 
feed. 4. To grow fat. 

FEED, n. 1. Food ; that which is eaten j pasture ; fodder. 

2. Meal, or act of eating. 

FEED'ER, n. 1. One that gives food, or supplies nourish- 
ment. 2. One who furnishes incentives ; an encourager. 

3. One that eats or subsists. 4. One that fattens cattle 
for slaughter. U. States. 5. A fountain stream or channel 
that sup. .. .es a main canal with water. — Feeder of a vein, 
in mininy, a short cross vein. Cyc. 

FEED'lNCi, ppr. Giving food or nutriment ; furnishing pro- 
visions j eating ; taking food or nourishment j grazing ; 
nourishing ; supplying. 

FEED'ING, n. Eich pasture. Drayton. 

FEEL, V. t.; pret. and pp. felt. [Sax. f elan, fcelan, gefelan.] 

1. To perceive by the touch ; to have sensation excited by 
contact of a thing with the body or limbs. 2. To have the 
sense of; to suffer or enjoy. 3. To experience ; to suffer. 

4. To be' affected by ; to perceive mentally. 5. To know ; 
to be acquainted with ; lo have a real and just view of. 
6. To touch ; to handle ; witli or without of.— To feel, or 
to feel out, is to try ; to sound ; to search for ; to explore. 
— To feel after, to search for j to seek to find, 

FEEL, V. i. 1. To have perception by the touch. 2. To 
have tJie sensibility or the passions moved or excited. 3. 
To give perception ; to excite sensation. 4. To have per- 
ception mentally ; as, to feel hurt. 

FEEL, n. The sense of feeling, or the perception caused by 
the touch. 

FEEL'ER, n. 1. One who feels. 2. One of the palpi of in- 
sects. 

FEEL'ING, ppr. I. Perceiving by the touch ; having per- 
ception. 2. a. Expressive of great sensibility ; affecting ; 
tending to excite the passions. 3. Possessing great sen- 
sibility ; easily affected or moved. 4. Sensibly or deeply 
affected. 

FEEL'ING, 71. 1. The sense of touch ; one of the five senses. 

2. Sensation; the effect of perception. 3. Faculty or 
power of perception ; sensibility. 4. Nice sensibility. 5. 
Excitement ; emotion. 

FEEL'ING-LY, adv. I. With expression of great sensibil- 
ity ; tenderly. 2. So as to be sensibly felt. 

t FEESE, 71. A race. Barret. 

FEET, n.; plu. of foot. See Foot. 

FEET'LESS, a. Destitute of feet. 

FEIGN, (fune) v. t. [Fr. feindre.] 1. To invent or imag- 
ine ; to form an idea or conception of something not real. 
2. To make a show of; to pretend ; to assume a false ap- 
pearance; to counterfeit. 3. To represent falsely; to 
pretend ; to iDrm and relate a fictitious tale. 4. To dis- 
semble ; to conceal; [obs.] 

FEIGN, V. i. To relate falsely ; to image from the invention. 
Shak. 

FEIGNED, pp. Invented ; imagined ; assumed. 

FEIGN'ED-LY, adv. In fiction ; in pretense ; not really. 

FEIGN'ED-NESS, n. Fiction ; pretense ; deceit. 

FEIGN'ER, 71. One who feigns ; an inventor. 

FEIGN'ING, ppr. Imagining ; inventing ; pretending ; mak- 
ing a false show. 

FEIGN'ING, 71. A false appearance ; artful contrivance. 

FEIGN'ING-LY, adv. With false appearance. 

FEINT, 71. [Fr. feinte.] I. An assumed or false appearance ; 
a pretense of doing something not intended to be done. 
2. A mock attack. Prior. Encyc. 

j- FEINT, a. or pp. Counterfeit; seeming. Locke. 

Fe'LAND-ERS, n. [See Filanders.] Ainsworth. 

FEL^'pAR^' }'^' [G. f eld and spar.] A mineral widely 

■PT?T n/cjPAT-TT r- distributed, and usually of a foliated 

IIl^pItSJ^'S structure. 

FELD-SPATH'I€, a. Pertaining to feldspar. 

FE-LIC'I-TATE, v. t [Fr. feliciter.] \. To make very 
happy. 2. To congratulate ; to express joy or pleas- 
ure to. 

FE-LIC'I-T.\TE, a. Made very happy. Shak. 

FE-LIC'I-TA-TED, pp. Made very happy ; congratulated. 

FE-LIC'I-TA-TING, ppr. Making very happy ; congratu- 
lating 

FE-LIG-I-Ta TION, 71. Congratulation. Bid. 

FE-LIC'I-TOUS, a. Very happy; prosperous; delightful. 
Diet. 

FE-LIC'I-TOUS-LY, adv. Happily. Diet. 

FE-LIC'I-TY, 71. [L. felicitas.] 1, Happiness, or rather 
great happiness ; blessedness ; blissfulness. 2. Prosperity ; 
blessing; enjoyment of good. 

Fk'LiNE, a. [L. feli-ius.] Pertaining to cats, or to thehr 
species ; like a cat. 

FELL, pret. of fall. 

FELL, a. [Sax. fell.] I. Cruel; barbarous; Inhuman. 2. 
Fierce ; savage ; ravenous ; bloody. Pope. 

FELL, 71. [Sax. fell.] A skin of a beast. 

FELL, 71. [G. fels.] A barren or stony hill. [Local.] 

f FELL, ;i. [Sax. felle.] Anger; melanchohness. Spenser. 



B'ELL, v. t. [D. vellen ; G. fallen.] To cause to fall to 
prostrate ; to bring to the ground. 

FELLED, pp. Knocked or cut down. 

FELL'ER, n. One who hews or knocks down. 

FEL-LIF'LU-OUS, a. Flowing with gall. Diet. 

FELL'ING, ppr. Cutting or beating to the ground 

FELL'M6NG-ER, n. A dealer in hides. 

FELL'NESS, n. Cruelty ; barbarity : rage. 

FELL'OE. See Felly. 

FEL'LoW, 71. [Sax. felaw.] I. A companion; an asso- 
ciate. 2. One of the same kind. 3. An equal. 4. One 
of a pair, or of two things used together and suited to each 
other. 5. One equal or like another. 6. An appellation 
of contempt ; a man without good breeding or worth ; an 
ignoble man ; as, a mean fellow. 7. A member of a col- 
lege that shares its revenues ; or a member of any incor- 
porated society. 8. A member of a corporation ; a trus- 
tee. U. States. 

FEL'LoW, V. t. To suit with ; to pair with ; to match. — 
In composition, fellow denotes community of nature, sta- 
tion or employment. 

FEL'LoW-CIT'I-ZEN, n. A citizen of the same state or 
nation. Eph. ii. 

FEL'LoW-€OM'MON-ER, n. 1. One who has the same 
right of common. — 2. In Cambridge, England, one who 
dines with the fellows. 

FEL'LoW-€OUN'SEL-OR, n. An associate in council. 

FEL'LoW-CRkAT'URE, 71. One of the same race or kind. 

FEL'LoW-FEEL'ING, n. 1. Sympatay , a like feeling. 
2. Joint interest ; [not in use.] 

FEL'LoW-HEIR, n. A co-heir, or joint-heir ; one entitled 
to a share of the same inheritance. 

FEL'LoW-HELP'ER, 71. A co-adjutor ; one who concurs 
or aids in the same business. 

FEL'LoW-La'BOR-ER, 71. One who labors in the same 
business or design . 

FEL'LoW-LiKE, ) a. Like a companion ; companionable; 

FEL'LoW-LY, \ on equal terms. Carew. 

FEL'LoW-MaID'EN, 71. A maiden who is an associate. 

FEL'LoW-MEM'BER, n. A member of the same body. 

FEL.l,0W-MIN'IS-TER, 71. One who officiates in the 
samejninistry or calling. Shak. 

FEj^'LoW-PEER, 71. One who has the like privileges of 
nobility. Shak. 

FEL'LoW-PRIS'ON-ER, n. One imprisoned in the same 
place^ Rom. xvi. 

FEL'LoW-RaKE, 71. An associate in vice. 

FEL'LoW-SCHOL'AR, n. An associate in studies. 

FEL'LcW-SERV'aNT, 74. One who has the same master. 
Milton. 

FEL'LoW-SHIP, n. 1. Companionship; society; consort 
mutual association of persons on equal and friendly terms 
familiar intercourse. 2. Association ; confederacy ; com- 
bination. 3. Partnership ; joint interest, 4. Company • 
a state of being together. 5. Frequency of intercourse. 
6. Fitness and fondness for festive entertainments. 7. 
Communion ; intimate familiarity. — 8. In arithmetic, the 
rule of proportions, by which the accounts of partners in 
business are adjusted. 9. An establishment in colleges, 
for the maintenance of a fellow. 

FEL'LoW-SoL'DIER, 71. One who fights under the same 
commander, or is engaged in the same service. 

FEL'LoW-STReAM, n. A stream in the vicinity. 

FEL'LoW-STtJ'DENT, n. One who studies in the same 
company or class with another. 

FEL'LoW-SUB'JECT, n. One who is subject to the same 
government with another. 

FEL'LoW-SUF'FER-ER, n. One who shares in the same 
evil, or partakes of the same sufl^erings with another. 

FEL'LoW-TRAV'EL-ER, n. One who travels in company 
with another. 

FEL'LoW-WRlT'ER, n. One who writes at the same 
time. Addison. 

FEL'LoW-WoRK'ER, n. One employed in the same oc- 
cupation. 

FEL'LY, adv. Cruelly ; fiercely ; barbarously. 

FEL'LY, n. [Sax. fmlge.] The exterior part or rim of a 
wheel, supported by the spokes. 

FE-LO DE SE, in Zaw, one who commits felony by suicide. 

FEL'ON, 71. [Fr. felon.] 1. In law, a person who has com- 
mitted felony. 2. A whitlow ; a painful swelling formed 
in the periosteum at the end of the finger. 

FEL'ON, a. 1. Malignant; fierce; malicious; proceeding 
frorn a depraved heart. 2. Traitorous ; disloyal. 

FE-Lo'NI-OUS, a. 1. Malignant; malicious; indicating or 
proceeding from a depraved heart or evil purpose ; vil- 
lainous ; traitorous ; perfidious. — 2. In law, proceeding 
from an evil heart or purpose ; done with the deliberate 
purpose to commit a crime. 

FE-Lo'NI-OUS-LY, adv. In a felonious manner ; ^*ith the 
deliberate intention to commit a crime. 

t FEL'ON-OUS, a. Wicked ; felonious. Spenser 

FEL'ON-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus solamin. 

FEL'O-NY, 71. In common law, any crime which incurs the 



See Si^opsia. A, E, T, 5, U, Y, long.—FK^. FALL, WHAT ;— PREY —PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete 



FEN 



335 



FER 



rorfeiture of lands or goods. All offenses punishable with 
death are felonies ; and so are some crimes not thus pun- 
ished, as suicide, homicide by chance-medley, or in self- 
defense, and petty larceny. 

FEL'SITE, n. A species of compact feldspar. 

FELT, pret. of feel. 

FELT, n. [Sax. felt.] 1. A cloth or stuff made of wool, or 
wool and hair, fulled or v/rought into a compact substance 
by rolling and pressure with lees or size. 2. A Iiat made 
of wool. 3. Skin. 

FELT, V. t. To make cloth or stuff of wool by fulling. 

FELT'ER, v.t. To clot or meet together like felt. 

FELT'Ma-KER, n. One whose occupation is to make 
felt. 

FE-LU€'€A, n. [It. feluca.] A boat or vessel, with oars 
and lateen sails, used in the Mediterranean. 

FEL'WoRT, 11. A plant, a species of gentian. 

Fe'MALE, n. [Fr. femelle.] 1. Among animals, one of 
that sex which conceives and brings forth young. — 2. 
Among plants, that which produces fruit ; that wliich 
bears the pistil, and receives the pollen of the male flow- 
ers. 

Fk'MALE, a. 1. Noting the sex which produces young ; 
not male. 2. Pertainmg to females. 3. Feminine ; soft 5 
delicate ; weak. — Female rhymes, double rhymes, so called 
from the French, in which language they end in e femi- 
nine. 

Fe'MALE-FLOW'ER, n. In botany, a flower which is 
furnished with the pistil. 

Fe'MALE-PLANT, n. A plant which produces female 
flowers. 

Fe'MALE-S€REW, n. A screw with grooves. 

FEME-€0-VERT, or FEMME-€0-VERT, (fam-koo-vare') 
n. [Fr.] A married woman, wlio is under covert of her 
baron or husband. 

FEME-SOLE, or FEMME-SOLE, (f am-sole') n. An un- 
married woman. — Femme-sole merchant, a woman who 
uses a trade alone, or v/ithout her husband. 

FEM-I-NAL'I-TY, n. The female nature. Brown. 

t FEM'I-NATE, a. Feminine. Ford. 

FEM'I-NINE, a. [Fr.femiain.] 1. Pertaining to a woman, 
or to women, or to females. 2. Soft ; tender ; delicate. 
3. Effeminate; destitute of manly qualities. — i. In gram- 
mar, denoting the gender, or words v hich signify femalts, 
or the termhiations of such words. 

t FEM'1-NlNE, 71. A female. Milton. 

t FE-MIN'I-TY, 71. The quality of the female sex. 

t FEM'I-NiZE, V. t. To make womanish. More. 

FEM'0-RAL, a. [l^.femoralis.'] Belonging to the thigh. 

FEN, n. [Sax./e7i, or/e?m.] Low land overflowed, or cov- 
ered wholly or partially with water, but producing sedge, 
coarse grasses, or other aquatic plants ; boggy land ; a 
moor or marsli. 

FEN'-BER-RY, 71. A kind of blackberry. Skinner. 

FEN'-BORN, a. Born or produced in a fen. Milton. 

FEN'-€RESS, n. [Sax./e7i-cerse.] Cress growing in fens. 

FEN'-€RI€K-ET, n. [gryllotalpa.] An insect that digs 
for itself a little hole in tlie ground. 

FEN'-DU€K, 71. A species of wild duck. 

FEN'-FOWL, 71. Any fowl that frequents fens. 

FEN'-LAND, n. Marshy land. 

FEN'-SU€KED, a. Sucked out of marshes. Shak. 

FENCE, (fens) n. 1. A waH, hedge, ditch, bank, or line 
of posts and rails, or of boards or pickets, intended to con- 
fine beasts from straying, and to guard a field from en- 
croachment. 2. A guard ; any thing to restrain entrance ; 
that which defends from attack, approach or injury ; se- 
curity ; defense. 3. Fencing, or the art of fencing ; de- 
fense. 4. Skill in fencing or defense. 

FENCE, (fens) v. t. 1. To inclose with a hedge, wall, or 
any thing that prevents the escape or entrance of cattle ; 
to secure by an inclosure. 2. To guard ; to fortify. 

FENCE, V. i. 1. To practice the art of fencing. 2. To 
fight and defend by giving ?iid avoiding blows or thrusts. 
3. To raise a fence ; to guard. 

FENCED, pp. Inclosed with a fence ; guarded ; fortified. 

FENCE'FUL, (fens'ful) a. Affording defense. 

FENCE'LESS, (fens'ies) a. 1. Without a fence; unin- 
closed ; unguarded. 2. Open ; not inclosed. Rowe. 

FENCE'-MoNTH, n. The month in which hunting in any 
forest is prohibited. Bnllokar. 

FEN'CER, n. One who fences ; one who teaches or practi- 
ces the art of fencing with sword or foil. 

FEN'CI-BLE, a. 1. Capable of defense. Addison. 2. n. A 
soldier for defense of the country. 

FEN'CING, ppr. Inclosing with fence,; guarding; fortify- 
ing. 

FEN'CING, 71. 1. The art of using skilfully a sword or foil 
in attack or defense. 2. The materials of fences for 
farms. JV. Emjland. 

FEN'CING-MAS'TER, n. One who teaches the ait of at- 
tack and defense with sword or foil. 

FEN'CING-SCHOOL, n. A school in which the art of fen- 
cing is taught. 



FEND, V. t. To keep off; to prevent from entering ; to 

ward off ; to shut out. 
FEND, V. i. To act in opposition ; to resist ; to parry ; tc 

shift off. Locke. 
FEND'ED, pp. Kept off; warded off; shut out. 
FEND'ER, 71. L That which defends; a utensil employed 

to hinder coals of fire from rolling forward to the floor. 

2. A piece of timber or other thing hung over the side of 
a vessel to keep off violence. 

FEND'ING, ppr. Keeping or warding off. 

t FEN'ER-ATE, v. i. [L.fanero.] To put to use ; to lend 
on interest. 

FEN-ER-A'TION, n. The act of lending on use ; or the 
interest or gain of that which is lent. 

FE-NES'TRAL, a. [L. fenestralis.] Pertaining to a win 
dow. JVicholson. 

FEN'NEL, 71. [Sax./e7ioZ.] A fragrant plant. 

FEN'NEL-FLOW'ER, n. A plant of the gfnus vigella. 

FEN'NEL-GI'ANT, n. A plant of the genus /erjiZa. 

FEN'NY, a. 1. Boggy ; marshy ; moorish. 2. Growing In 
fens. 3. Inhabiting marshy ground. 

FEN'NY-STONES, n. A plant. 

t FEN'OWED, a. Corrupted ; decayed. 

FEN'U-GREEK, n. [L.fasnumgrwcum.] A plant. 

FEOD, (fade) n. A feud. So written by Blackstone, and 
other authors ; but more generally /ewrf, which see. 

FEO'DAL, (fu'dal) a. Feudal, which see. 

FEO-DAL'I-TY, (fu-dal'e-ly) n. Feudal tenures ; the feu- 
dal system. 

FEO'DA-RY, (fii'da-ry) n. One who holds lands of a supe- 
rior, on condition of suit and service. See Feucatory. 

FEO'DA-TO-RY, (fu'da-to-ry) See Feudatory. 

* FEOFF, (feff) v. t. [Norm, feffre J To invest with a fee 
or feud ; to give or grant to one any corporeal heredita- 
ment. The compound infeoff is more generallv used. 

* FEOFF, 71, A fief. See Fief. 

* FEOF-FEE', (fef-fee') n. A person who is infeofled. that 
is, invested with a fee or corooreal hereditament. 

* FEOF'FOR, or * FEOF'FER, (feffer) n. Oue who in- 
feoffs or grants a fee. 

FEOFF'MENT, (feff'raent) n. [Law 1,. feoffamentum.] 
The gift or grant of a fee or corporeal hereditament. 

FE-RA'CiOUS, a. [L. ferax.] Fruitful ; producing abun- 
dantly. Thomson. 

FE-RAC'i-TY, 71. [L. feracitas.] Fruitful ness. 

Fe'RAL, a. [L. fcralis.] Funereal ; mournful. 

t FERE, n, [Sax. fera.] A fellow ; a mate ; a peer. 

FER'E-TO-RY, 71. [L. feretrum.] A place in a church for 
a bier. 

Fe'RI-AL, a. [L. ferialis.] Pertaining to holydays, or tO 
common days. Gregory. 

FE-RI-A'TION, 7?. [L. fcnatio.] The act of keeping holy- 
day ; cessation from work. 

t Fe'RIE, 71. Any day of the week not kept holy. 

Fe'RINE, a. [L.ferinus.'] Wild; untamed; savage. 

Fe'RINE-NESS, or FE-RlNE'NESS, n. Wildness ; sav- 
ageness. Hale. 

FER'I-TY, n. [h.feritas.'] Wildness ; savageness 3 cruelty. 
Woodward. 

t FERM, 71. A farm or rent ; a lodging-house. See Farm. 

JFER'MENTj n. [L. fermentum.] 1. A gentle boiling ; or 
the internal motion of the constituent parts of a fluid. 2. 

1 Intestine motion ; heat ; tumult ; agitation. 3. That 
wliich causes fermentation, as yeast, barm, or fermenting 
beer. 

FER-MENT', v. t. [L.fermento.] To set in motion ; to ex- 
cite internal motion ; to heat ; to raise by intestine motion. 

FER-MENT', v. i. To work ; to effervesce ; to be in mo- 
tion, or to be excited into sensible internal motion. 

FER-MENT' A-BLE, a. Capable of fermentation. 

FER-MENT'AL, a. Having the power to cause fermenta- ■ 
tion. Brown. 

FEP.-MEN-Ta'TION, 71. [L. fermentatio.] The sensible 
internal motion of the conacituent particles of animal and 
vegetable substances, occasioned by a certain degree of 
heat and moisture, and accompanied by an extrication of 
gas and heat. 

FER-MENT'A-TiVE, a. 1. Causing fermentation. 2. Con- 
sisting in fermentation. 

FER-MENT'A-TiVE-NESS, 71. The state of being fer- 
mentative. 

FER-MENT'ED, pp. Worked ; having undergone the pro- 
cess of fermentation. 

FER-MENT'ING, ppr. Working ; effervescing. 

FER'MIL-LET, 71. [Old Fr. /ermazZZet.] A buckle or clasp 

FERN, 71. [Sax. /earn.] A plant of several species. 

FERN-OWL, 7?. The goatsucker. 

FERN'TI-€LES, 71. pin. Freckles on the skin, resembling 
the seeds of the fern. Pronounced farnticles. Ctavcn 
dialect. 

FERN'Y, a. Abounding or overgrown with fern. Barret. 

FE-Ro*CIOUS, a. [Fr./sroce,- L.ferox.] 1. Fierce ; sav- 
age ; wild; indicating cruelty. 2. Ravenous; rapacious 

3. Fierce ; barbarous ; cruel. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



FER 



336 



FET 



FE-R6'CI0US-LY, ado. Fiercely ; with savage cruelty. 

FE-Ro'CIOUS-NESS, 71. Savage fierceness j cruelty; fe- 
rocity. 

FE-ROC'I-TY, 71. [L. ferocitas.] 1. Savage wildness or 
fierceness ; fury j cruelty. 2. Fierceness indicating a 
savage fceart. 

FER'RE-OUS, a. [li. f err ezis.] Partaking of iron ; pertain- 
ing to iron ; like u-on j made of iron. Brown. 

^ER'RET, n. [D. vret ; Fr. fur et.] 1. An animal of the 
genus mustela, or weasel kind. 2. A kind of narrow 
woolen tape. — 3. Among glass-makers, the iron used to 
try the melted matter. 

FER'RBT, V. t. To drive out of a lurking place. 

FER'RET-ED, pp. Driven from a lurking place. 

FER'RET-ER, n. One that hunts another in his private 
retreat. 

F£R'RET-ING,jp;)r. Driving from a Imking place. 

FER'RI-AGE, n. The fare to be paid at a feny. 

FER'RI€, a. Pertaining to or extracted from iron. Lavoi- 
sier. 

FER-RI-€AL'CITE, n. FL. fcrrum and calx.] A species 
of cal carious earth. 

FER-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L./en-M7re and /ero.] Producing or 
yielding iron. Phillips. 

FER'RI-LITE, n. [L. ferrum, and Gr. '^idos.] Rowley 
ragg ; a variety of trap 

FER-RO-Cy'A-NATE, n. A compound of the ferro-cyanic 
acid with a base. 

FER-R0-CY-AN''I€, a. [1.. ferrum and cyanic] The same 
as ferro-prussic. 

FER-RO-PRUS'SIATE, 71. A compound of the ferro-prus- 
sic acid with a base. 

FER-RO-PR^S'Sie, a. [L,. ferrum mid prussic] Designa- 
ting a peculiar acid. 

FER-R0-SIL'I-€ATE, 71. A compound of ferro-silicic acid 
with a base. 

FER-RO-SI-LTC'I€, a. IL. ferrum and silex] Designating 
a compound of iron and silex. 

FER-Ru'Gl-NA-TED, a. Having the color or properties of 
the rust of iron. 

FER-Ru'6I-N0US, a. [L. ferrugo.] 1. Partaking of iron ; 
containing particles of iron. 2. Of the color of the rust 
or oxyd of iron. — Ferrugineovs is less used. 

FER'ULEj 71. [Sp. birola.] A ring of metal put round a 
cane or other tning to strengthen it. 

FER'RY, M. «. [Sax.feran,ferian.] To carry or transport 
over a river, strait or other water, in a boat. 

PER'RY, V. i. To pass over water in a boat. Milton. 

FER'RY, 71. 1. A boat or small vessel in which passengers 
and goods are conveyed over rivers or other naiTow wa- 
ters ; sometimes called a wherry. 2. The place or pas- 
sage where boats pass over water to convey passengers. 
3. The right of transporting passengers over a lake or 
stream. 

FER'RY-BoAT, n. A boat for conveying passengers over 
streams and other narrow waters. 

FER'RY-MAN, n. One who keeps a ferry, and traiisports 
passengers over a river. 

FERTH, or FoRTH. Common terminations, the same as 
in Etifflish, an army ; ccming from the Saxon word fyrth. 

FER'TAe, a. [Ft. fertile.] 1. Fruitful ; rich ; producing 
fruit in abundance ; as, fertile land. 2. Rich ; having 
abundant resources ; prolific ; productive ; inventive ; 
able to produce abundantlv ; as, o. fertile genius. 

FER'TILE-LY, adv. FruitfuUv ; abundantly. 

FER'TlLE-NESS. See Fertility. 

t FER-TILT-TATE, v. t. To fecundate; to fertilize. 
Brotcn. 

FER-TIL'I-TY, 71. [L. fertilitas.] 1. Fruitfulness ; the 
quality of producmg fruit in abundance. 2. Richness ; 
abundant resources ; fertile invention. 

FER'TIL-iZE, v.t. To enrich; to supply with the pabu- 
lum of plants ; to make fruitful or productive. 

FER'TIL-IZED, pp. Enricheu ; rendered fruitful. 

FER'TIL-lZ-ING, ppr. 1. Enriching ; making fruitful or 
productive. 2. a. Enriching ; furnishing the nutriment 
of plants. 

FER-U-La'CEOUS, a. [L. ferula.] Pertaining to reeds or 
canes , having a stalk like a reed. 

FER'ULE, 7?. [L. ferula.] 1. A little wooden pallet or 
slice, used to punish children in school, by striking them 
on tl.e palm of the hand. [Ferular is not used.] 2. Under 
the Eastern empire, the ferula was the emperor's scep- 
tre. 

FER'ULE, V. t. To punish with a ferule. 

FERV'EN-CY, n. 1. Heat of mind ; ardor; eagerness. 2. 
Pious ardor; animated zeal ; warmth of devotion. 

FERVENT, a. [1.. fervens.] 1. Hot; boiling. 2. Hot in 
temper ; vehement, 3. Ardent ; very wann ; earnest ; 
excited; animated; glowing. 

FERV'ENT-LY, adv. 1. Earnestly; eagerly; vehemently; 
with great warmth. 2. With pious ardor ; with earnest 
zeal ; aidently. 

FERV'ENT-NESS, n. Ardor ; zeal. Bale. 



FERVID, a. [L. fervidus.] 1, Very hot; burning; boiling- 
2. Very warm in zeal ; vehement ; eager ; earnest. 

FERV'ID-LY, adv. Very hotly ; with glowing warmth. 

FERV'ID-NESS, n. Glowing heat ; ardor of mind ; warm 
zeal. 

FERV;OR, n. [L./er7;or.] 1. Heat or warmth. 2. Heal 
of mind ; ardor ; warm or animated zeal and earnestness 

FES'CEN-NINE, a. Pertaining to Fescennium, in Italy 
licentious. Kennet, 

FES'CEN-NINE, n. A nuptial song, or a licentious song. 

FES'CUE, n. [Fr. fetu.] A small wire used to point out 
letters to children, when learning to read. 

FES'OUE-GRASS, 71. The /cstitca, a genus of grasses. 

Fe'SELS, 71. A kind of base grain. May. 

FESSE, (fes) n. [l^. fascia.] In heraldry, a band or girdle, 
possessing the third part of the escutcheon; one of llie 
nine honorable ordinaries. 

FESSE-POINT, n. The exact centre of the escutcheon. 

FES'TAL, a. [L. festus.] Pertaining to a feast ; joyous ; 
gay ; mirthful. Chesterfield. 

FES'TER, 7;. I. [qa.lu.pestis^pusotpustula.] To rankle; 
to corrupt ; to grow virulent. 

FES'TER-ING, ppr. Rankling ; growing virulent. 

t FES'TI-NATE, a. rL.festinatus.] Hasty; huiTied. 

t FES'TI-NATE-LY, adv. Hastily. Shak. 

t FES-TI-Na'TION, n. Haste. 

FES'TI-VAL, a. [Ja.festivus.] Pertaining to a feast ; joy- 
ous ; mirthful. Mterbury. 

FES'TI-VAL, n. The time of feasting; an anniversary day 
of joy, civil or religious. 

FES'TiVE, a. [L. festivus.] Pertaining to or becoming a 
feast ; joyous ; gay ; mirthful. 

FES-TIV'1-TY, 71. [L.festivitas.] 1. Primarily, the miith 
of a feast ; hence, joyfulness ; gayety ; social joy or ex- 
hilaration of spirits at an entertainment. Taylor. 2. A 
festival ; [obs.j Brown. 

FES-TOON', 71. [Fx.feston.] Something in imitation of a 
garland or wreath. — In architecture and sculpture, an or- 
nament of carved work in the form of a wreath of Jlowers, 
fruits and leaves intermixed or twisted together. 

FES'TU-CINE, a. [L.festuca.] Being of a straAV-coIor 

FES'TU-€OUS, a. Formed of straw. Brown. 

fFET, 71. [Ft. fait.] Apiece. 

t FET, V. t. or t. To fetch ; to come to. Tusscr. 

Fe'TAL, a. [from fetus.] Pertaining to a fetus. 

FETCH, w. «. [Sax. /eccan, or /eccea?*.] 1. To goand bring, 
or, simply, tc bring. 2. To derive ; to draw, as from a 
source. 3. To strike at a distance ; [iiot tised.l 4. To 
bring back ; to recall ; to bring to any state, 5. To bring 
or draw. 6. To make ; to perform. 7. To draw ; to 
heave. 8. To reach ; to attam or come to ; to arrive at. 
9. To bring ; to obtain as its price. — To fetch out, to bring 
or draw out ; to cause to appear. — To fetch to, to restore ; 
to revive, as from a swoon. — To fetch up, to bring up ; to 
cause to come up or forth.— T'o fetch a pump, to ponr 
water into it to make it draw water. 

FETCH, V. i. To move or turn. Shak. 

FETCH, n. A stratagem, by which a thing is indirectly 
brought to pass, or by which one thing seems intended 
and another is done ; a trick ; an artifice. 

FETCH'ER, n. One that brings. 

FETCH'ING, ppr. Bringing; going and bringing; deriv- 
ing ; drawing ; reaching ; obtaining as price. 

FET'I-€HISM, j 71. The worship of idols among the ne- 

FET'I-CISM, \ groes of Africa, among whom fetich is 
an idol. 

* FET'ID, a. [L. fatidiis.] Having an offensive smell ; 
having a strong or rancid scent. 

FET'ID-NESS, 71. The quality of smelling offensively ; a 
fetid quality. 

FE-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [1.. fmtifcr .] Producing young, as an- 
imals. 

FET'LO€K, 71. A tuft of hair growing behind the pasten:> 
joint of many horses. 

Fe'TOR, 71. [L./ffiJor.] Any strong, offensive smell ; stench 
Mrhuthnot. 

FET'TER, 71. [Sax./efor.] 1. A chain for the feet. 2. Any 
thing that confines or restrains from motion. 

FET'TER, v. t. 1. To put on fetters ; to shackle or confine 
the feet with a chain. 2. To bind ; to enchain ; to con- 
fine ; to restrain motion ; to impose restraints on. 

FET'TERED, pp. Bound or confined by fetters. 

FET'TER-ING, ppr. Binding or fastening by the feet with 
a chain ; confining ; restraining motion. 

FET'TER-LESS, a. Free from fetters or restraint. 

FET'TLE, 71. Order , good condition. Craven dialect. 

FET'TLE, V. t. 1. To repair ; to mend any thing which is 
broken or defective. Chesh. Gloss. 2. To do trifling 
business. Bp. Hall. 

FETT'STEIN, n. A mineral, called also claolite. 

Fe'TUS, 71. ; plu. Fetuses. [L. fwtus.] The young of vi- 
viparous animals in the womb, and of oviparous animals 
in the egg, after it is perfectly formed ; before which tune 
it is called embryo. 



* See Sipiopeis. 5, E, T, O, tj, 'S', long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT :— PREY ;— KN, MARtNE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



FlC 



S37 



FIE 



f FEtJ, n. [Sax feoh.] A fee, or feudal tenure. 

FEU DE JOIE, (fu'de-zwa') fire of joy, a French phrase 
for a bonfire. 

FEuD, 7/. [Sax. f(Bhth, or fcegth.] I. Primarily, 3. deadly 
quaiTel. 2. A contention or quarrel ; particularly, an 
inveterate quarrel between families or parties in a state. 

FEuD, 71. [Fetid, and /ee, which is a contraction of it, is a 
word formed from the L. fides. It. fede, Sp./e, Nomi./ei, 
faith, trust, with had, state, or ead or odfi, estate ; and a 
feiid is an estate in tmst.] A fief; a fee ; a right to lands 
or hereditaments held in trust, or on the terms of perform- 
ing certain conditions. 

f EU'DAL, a. 1. Pertaining to feuds, fiefs or fees. 2. Con- 
sisting of feuds or fiefs ; embracing tenures by military 
services. 

f FEu'DAL, n. A depenfiance ; something held by tenure. 

FEU-DAL'I-TY n. The state or quality of being feudal ; 
feudal form or constitution. Burke. 

FEU'DAL-ISM, 71. The feudal system; the principles, and 
constitution of feuds, or lands held by military services. 
Whitaker. 

FEU'DA-RY, a. Holding land of a superior. 

FEU'DA-TA-RY, n. A feudatory, which see. 

i''Eu'DA-TO-R.Y, n. [Sp. feuda.torio.] A tenant or vassal 
who holds ^is lajids of a superior, on condition of military 
service ; the tenant of a feud or fief. Blackstone. 

FEUDIST, 71. A writer on feuds. Spelman. 

FEuIL'LA6E, (ful'laje) n. [Ft.] A bunch or row of 

FEtJ'ILLE-MORT, (fu'il-mort) w. [Fr.] The color of a faded 
leaf. 

t FEu'TER, v.t. To make ready. Spenser. 

t FEU'TER-ER, n. A dog keeper. Massenger. 

Fe'VER, n. [Ft.fievre.l 1. A disease, characterized by an 
accelerated pulse, with increase of heat, impaired func- 
tions, diminished strength, and often with preternatural 
thirst. 2. Heat ; agitation ; excitement by any thing that 
strongly affects the passions. 

FK'VER, v. t. To put in a fever. Dryden. 

Fe'VER-COOL-ING, a. Allaying febrile heat. 

t Fk'VER-ET, n. A slight fever. Ayliffe. 

Fe'VER-FEW, 71. [Qax.fieferfuge.'] A plant. 

Fe'VER-ISH, a. 1. Having a slight fever. 2. Diseased 
with fever or heat. 3. Uncertain ; inconstant ; fickle ; 
now hot, now cold. 4. Hot ; sultry ; burning. 

Fk'VER-ISH-NESS, 71. The state of being feverish; a 
slight febrile affection. 

Fe'VER-OUS, a. 1. Affected with fever or ague. 2. Hav- 
ing the nature of fever. 3. Having a tendency to produce 
fever. 

Fe'VER-LY, a. Like a fever. 

Fk'VER-OUS-LY, adv. In a feverish manner. Donne. 

Fe'VER-ROOT, n. A plant of the genus triosteum. 

FK'VER-SI€k, a. [Sax. fefcr-seoc.'] Diseased with fever. 

Fe VER-WjeAK'ENED, a. Debihtated by fever. 

Fk'VER-WEED, n. A plant of the genus eryna-ium. 

Fe'VER-WoRT. See Fever-root. 

Fe'VER-Y, a. Affected with fever. B. Jonson. 

FEW, o. [Sax./ea, or/cawa.] Not many ; small in number. 

FEW'EL, n. Combustible matter. See Fuel. 

FEW'EL, v. t. To feed with fewel. Cowley. 

FEWNESS, 71. 1. Smallness of number; paucity. 2. Pau- 
city of words; brevity; [ois.] Shak. 

FKY,v.t. [If.veghen.] To cleanse a ditch of mud. Tusser. 

Fl'ANCE, w. «. To betroth. See Affiance. 

Fl'AT. [L. from fio ; let it be done.] A decree ; a command 
to do something. 

FIB, n. A lie or falsehood. A word used among children. 

FIB, V. i. To lie ; to speak falsely. 

FIB'BER, n. One who tells lies or fibs. 

FIB'BING, jipr. Telling fibs ; as a noun, the telling of fibs. 

FI'BRE, ) n. [Fr. fibre.'] 1. A thread ; a fine, slender body 

Fl'BER, \ which constitutes a part of the frame of ani- 
mals. 2. A filament or slender thread in plants or min- 
erals ; the small, slender root of a plant. 3. Any fine, 
^lender thread. ' 

Fl'BRIL, 71. [Vx.fihrille.] A small fibre ; the branch of a 
fibre ; a very slender thread. Cheyne. 

FI-BRIL'LOUS, a. Relating to the fibres. Dr. Rinnier. 

Fl BRIN, 71. A peculiar organic compound substance found 
in animals and vegetables. 

FTB'RO-LlTE, n. A mineral. 

Fl'BROUS, «. 1. Composed or consisting of fibres. 2. Con- 
taining fibres. 

FIBU-LA, 71. [L.] 1. The outer and lesser bone of the leg. 
Quincy. 2. A clasp or buckle. 

FICKLE, a. [Snx.ficoL] 1. Wavering; inconstant; un- 
stable ; of a changeable mind ; irresolute ; not firm in 
opinion or purpose ; capricious. 2. Not fixed or firm ; 
liable to change or vicissitude. 

FI€'KLE-NESS, n. 1. A wavering ; wavering disposition ; 
inconstancy ; instability ; unsteadiness in opinion or pur- 
pose. 2. Instability ; changeableness. 

FICKLY, adv. Without firmness or steadiness. 



FT'CO, n. [It.] An act of contempt done with the fingers, 
expressing a j^ /or ^OM. 

FICTILE, a. [L.fictilis.] Molded into form by art : manu- 
factured by the potter. 

FICTION, 71. [l,.fictio.] I. The act of feigning, inventing 
or imagining. 2. That which is feigned, invented or 
imagined. 

tFICTIOUS, for fictitious. 

FI€-Tl"TIOUS, ffl. [Tu. fictitius.] 1. Feigned; imaginary-, 
not real. 2. Counterfeit ; false ; not genuine. 

FI€-Ti"TIOUS-LY, adv. By fiction ; falsely ; counterfeits 

FI€-Ti"TIOUS-NESS, n. Feigned representation. 

tFICTIVE, a. Feigned. 

FID, n. 1. A square bar of wood or iron, with a shoulder 
at one end, used to support the top-mast. 2. A pin Oi 
hard wood or iron, tapering to a point, used to open the 
strands of a rope in splicing. 

FID'DLE, n. [G.fiedel.] A stringed instrument of music 
a violin. 

FID'DLE, V. i 1. To play on a fiddle or violin. 2. T 
triflle ; to shift the hands often and do nothing, like a fel 
low that plays on a fiddle. 

FID'DLE, V. t. To plav a tune on a fiddle. 

FID'DLE-FAD'DLE, n. A trifle. [j1 loio cant word.] 

FinOLE-FAD'DLE, a. Trifling ; making a bustle about 
nothing. [Vulgar.] 

FID'DLER, n. One who plays on a fiddle or violin. 

FID'DLE-STICK, n. I'he bow and string with which a 
fiddler playst on a violin. 

FID'DLE-STRING, n. The string of a fiddle. 

FID'DLE-WOOD, n. A plant of the genus citharexylon. 

FID'DLING, 'ppr. Playing on a fiddle. 

FID'DLTNG, n. The act of playing on a fiddle. 

FI'DE-JUS'SION, 71. [L. fidejussio.] Suretiship ; the act of 
heing bound for another. Farindon. 

FI'DE-JUS-SOR, 71. [L.] A surety ; one bound for another." 
Blackstone. 

FI-DEL'I-TY, 71. [L. fidelitas.] 1. Faithfulness ; careful 
and exact observance of duty, or performance of obliga- 
tions. 2. Firm adherence to a person or party with 
which one is united, or to which one is bound ; loyalty. 
3. Observance of the marriage covenant. 4. Honesty ; 
veracity ; adherence to truth. 

FID6E, ) V. i. To move one way and the other ; to move 

FIDG'ET, ] irregularly, or in fits and starts. [A low word.] 

FIDG'ET, 71. IiTegular motion ; restlessness. [Vulgar.] 

FIDG^ET-Y, a. Restless ; uneasy. [ Vulgar.] 

FI-Du'CIAL, a. [IL. fiducia.] I. Confident; undoubting ; 
firm. 2. Having the nature of a trust. 

FI-DU'CIAL-LY* adv. With confidence. South. 

FI-Du'CIA-RY, a. [L. fiduciarius.] 1. Confident ; steady ; 
undoubting; unwavering; firm. 2. Not to be doubted. 
3. Held in trust. 

FI-DU'CIA-RY, 71. 1. One who holds a thing in trust ; a 
trustee. 2. One who depends on faith for salvation, 
without works ; an antinomian. 

FlE, (fl) An exclamation denoting contempt or dislike. 

FIeF, (feef) n. [Fr. fief.] A fee ; a feud ; an estate held of 
a superior on condition of military service. 

FIELD, (feeld)7i. [Sax. field; G. field j D.veld.] 1. Apiece 
of land inclosed for tillage or pasture. 2. Ground not in- 
closed. 3. The ground where a battle is fought. 4. A 
battle ; action in the field. — 5. To keep the field, is to keep 
the campaign open ; to live in tents, or to be in a state of 
active operations. 6. A wide expanse. 7. Open space 
for action or operation ; compass ; extent. 8. A piece or 
tract of land. 9. The ground or blank space on which 
figures are drawn. — 10. In heraldry, the whole surface of 
the shield, or the continent. — 11. In Scripture, field often 
signifies the open country, ground not inclosed. 12. A 
fifld of ice, a large body of floating ice. 

FIeLD'ED, a. Being in the field of battle ; encamped 
Shak. 

FIeLD'-BAS-IL, n. A plant of several kinds. 

FIeLD'-BED, n. A bed for the field. Shak. 

FIeLD'-BOOK, n. A book used in surveying. 

FIeLD'-€6L-ORS, n. plu. In war, small flags. 

FIeLD'-DU€K, 71. A species of bustard. 

FIeLD'FARE, n. A bird, the thrush. 

FIeLD-MAR'SHAL, n. The commander of an army ; a 
military officer of the highest rank in England. 

FIeLD'MOUSE, n. A species of mouse that lives in the 
field, burrowing in banks, &;c. Mortimer. 

FIeLD'-OF'FI-CER, n. A military officer above the rank 
of captain^ as a major or colonel. 

FIeLD'-PIeCE, 71. A small cannon which is carried along 
with armies, and used in the field of battle. 

FIeLD'-PReACH-ER, n. One who preaches in the open 
air. Lavington. 

FIeLD'-PReACH-ING, 71. A preaching in the field or open 
air^ Warhurton. 

t FTeLD'ROOM, 71. Open space. Drayton. 

FIeLD'-SPoRTS, 71. plu. Diversions of the field, as shoot- 
ing and hunting. Chesterfield. 



* See Synopsu^ 



MOVE, BQQK.D6VE- 
22 



-BULL, UNITE — € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as hi thia. f Obsolete. 



FIG 



338 



FIL 



Fi^LD'-STAFF, n. A weapon carried by gunners. 
FIeLD'-WoRKS, 71. In the military art, works thrown up 

for defense, 
t FIeLD'Y, a. Open like a field. WicUiffe. 

* FIeND, (feend) n. [Sax. ftond.'] x\n enemy in the woi-st 
sense ; an implacable or malicious foe ; the devil 5 an in- 
fernal being. 

* FIeND'FUL, a. Full of evil or malignant practices. 

* FIeND'LIKE, ft. Resembling a fiend ; maliciously wick- 
ed ; diaboHcal. 

* FIERCE, (fers, or feers) a. [Fr fier.] 1. Vehement 3 vio- 
lent ; furious ; rushing ; impetuous. 2. Savage ; raven- 
ous ; easily enraged."' 3. Vehement in rage; eager for 
mischief. 4. Violent; outrageous, not to be restrained. 

5. Passionate ; angry ; furious. 6. Wild ; staring ; fei'o- 
cious. 7. Very eager ; ardent ; vehement. 

*FIERCE'LY, (fers'ly, or feers'ly) adv. 1. Violently; furi- 
ously ; with rage. 2. With a wild aspect. 

* FIERCE'-MliVD-ED, a. Vehenient ; of a furious tem- 
per. 

* FIERCE'NESS, (fers'nes, or feers'nes) 71. 1. Ferocity ; 
savageness. 2. Eagerness for blood ; fury. 3. Q,uick- 
ness to attack ; keenness in anger and resentment. 4. 
Violence ; outrageous passion. 5. Vehemence ; fury ; 
impetuosity. 

Fl'E-RI FACIAS, n. [L.] In Zaw, a judicial writ that lies 
for him who has recovered in debt or damages. 

Fl'ER-I-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being fiery ; heat ; ac- 
rimonv. 2. Heat of temper ; irritability. 

Fl'ER-Y, a. 1. Consisting of fire. 2. Hot like fire. 3. 
Vehement ; ardent ; very active ; impetuous. 4. Passion- 
ate ; easily provoked ; irritable. 5. Unrestrained; fierce. 

6. Heated by fire. 7. Like fire ; bright ; glaring. 
FIFE, 74. [Fr. fifr^-] A small pipe, used as a wind instru- 
ment, chiefly in martial music with drums. 

FIFE, v.i. To play on a fife. 

FIF'ER, n. One who plays on a fife. 

FIF-TEEN', a. [Sax. Jiftyn.] Five and ten. 

FIF-TEENTH', ft. [Sas.. Jiftyntha.] 1. The ordinal of fif- 
teen ; the fifth after the tenth. 2. Containing one part in 
fifteen. 

FIF-TEENTH', n. A fifteenth part. 

FIFTH, a. [Sax. Jifta.] I. The ordinal of five ; the next to 
the fourth. 2. EUiptically, a fifth part. 

FIFTH, n. In music, an interval consisting of three tones 
and a semitone. 

FIFTH'LY, adv. In the fifth place. 

FIF'TI-ETH, a. [Sax. fifteogetha.] The ordinal of fifty. 

FIF'TY, a. [Sax.fftig.] Five tens ; five times ten. 

FIG, n. [Tu. Jicus; Sp. figo.] L The fruit of the fig-tree. 
2. The fig-tree. 

FIG, V. t. 1. To insult with ficoes or contemptuous motions 
of the fingers; [little used.] 2. To put something useless 
into one's head"; [not used'.] 

FIG, v.i. [SvL. Goth. JiM-] To move suddenly or quickly. 
Sylvester. 

FIG'-AP-PLE, 71. A species of apple. Johnson. 

FIG'-GNAT, n. An insect of the fly kind. Johnson. 

FIG'-LeAF, 7!. Theleaf of a fig-tree ; also, a thin covering. 

FIG-MAR'I-GoLD, 71. The mesemhryanthemum, a succulent 
plant, resembling houseleek. 

FIG'-PE€K-ER, n. ['L.ficedula.'] A bird. 

FIG'-TREE, 71. A tree of the geimsficus. 

FIG'-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus scrophularia. 

FI-Ga'RY, n. [a corruption of vagary.] A frolic ; a wild 
project. M. Oeddes. 

FIGHT, (fite) ^•. i. ; pret. and p^). fought, pronounced /ftict. 
[Sax.feahtan,feohtan.] 1. To strive or contend for victo- 
ry, in battle or in single combat ; to contend in arms. 

2. To contend ; to strive ; to struggle to resist or check. 

3. To act as a soldier. 

FIGHT, (fite) v. t. 1. To carry on contention ; to maintain 
a struggle for victory over enemies. 2. To contend with 
jn battle ; to war against. 

FiGHT, 77. 1. Abattle; ebi engagement ; a contest in arms. 

2. Something to screen the combatants in ships. 

FiGHT'ER, n. One that fights ; a combatant ; a warrior. 

FlGHT'ING, p;?r. 1 Contending in battle ; striving for vic- 
tory or conquest. 2. a. Qualified for war ; fit for battle. 

3. Occupied in war; being the scene of war. 
FiGHT'ING, 71. Contention ; strife ; quarrel. 

FIG MENT, n. [L. figmcvtum.] An invention ; a fiction ; 
something feigned or imagined. 

FIGU-LATE, a. [L figulo.] Made of potter's clay ; mold- 
ed ; shaped. [Little used.] 

FIG-U-RA-BIL'l-TY, n. The quality of being capable of a 
certain fixed or stable form. 

FIG'U-RA-BLE, a. Capable of being brought to a certain 
fixed form or shape. 

PIG'U-RAL, a. Represented by figure or delineation. 

FIG'U-RATE, ft. [1-,. figuratus.] 1. Of a certain determm- 
ate form. 2. Resembling any thing of a determinate 
form ; as, figurate stones, stones or fossils resembling 
shells. 3. Figurative ; [not u^ed.] 



FIG'U-RA-TED, a Having a determinate form. 

FIG-U-Ra'TION, 71. 1. The act of giving figure or deter- 
minate form. 2. Determination to a certain form. Bacon. 
3. Mixture of concords and discords in music. 

FIG'U-RA-TlYE, a. [Fi. figuratif.] 1. Representing some- 
thing else ; representing by resemblance ; typical. 2. 
Representing by resemblance ; not literal or direct. 3 
Abounding with figures of speech. 

FIG'U-RA-TiVE-LY, adv. By a figure ; in a manner to ex- 
hibit ideas by resemblance ; in a sense difierent from that 
which words originally imply. 

FIG'URE, (fig'ur) 71. [Fr. figure; 'L.figura.] 1. The form 
of any thing as expressed by the outline or terminating 
extremities. 2. Shape ; form ; person. 3. Distinguished 
appearance ; eminence ; distinction ; remarkable charac- 
ter. 4. Appearance of any kind. 5. Magnificence ; splen- 
dor. 6. A statue ; an image ; that which is formed in re- 
semblance of something else. 7. Representation in paint- 
ing ; the lines and colors which represent an animal, par- 
ticularly a person. — 8. In manufactures, a design or rep- 
resentation wrought on damask, velvet and other stuffs. 
— 9. In logic, the order or disposition of the middle term 
in a syllogism with the parts of the question. — 10. In 
arithmetic, a character denoting a number, as 2. 7. 9. — 11. 
In astrology, the horoscope ; the diagram of Jhe aspects of 
the astrological houses. Shak. — 12. In theology, type ; rep- 
resentative. — 13. In rhetoric, a mode of speaking or writ- 
ing, in which words are deflected from their ordinary sig- 
nification. In strictness, the change of a word is a trope, 
and any affection of a sentence a. figure ; but these terms 
are often confounded. — 14. In grammar, any deviation 
from the rules of analogy or syntax. — 15. In dancing, the 
several steps which the dancer makes in order and ca- 
dence. 

FIG^URE, (fig'ui-) V. t. 1. To form or mold into any deter- 
minate shape. 2. To show by a corporeal resemblance, 
as in picture or statuary. 3. To cover or adorn with 
figures or images ; to mark with figures ; to form figures 
in by art. 4. To diversify ; to variegate with adventitious 
forms of matter. 5. To represent by a typical or figura- 
tive resemblance. 6. To imagine ; to image in the mind. 
Temple. 7. To prefigure ; to foreshow. Shak. 8. To 
form figuratively ; to use in a sense not literal. 9. To 
note by characters. — 10. In music, to pass several notes 
for one ; to form runnings or variations. 

FIG'URE, V. i. To make a figure ; to be distinguished. 

i liG.uii:|w ™i, I - A P'^'^''^'' to astrology. 
FIG'URE-STONE, 71. A name of the agalmatolite. 
FIG'ORED, pp. 1. Represented by resemblance ; adorned 

with figures ; formed into a determinate figure. — 2. In 

music, free and florid. 
FIG'UR-ING, ppr. Forming into determinate shape ; repre- 
senting by types or resemblances. 
FI-La'CEOUS, a. [li.filum.] Composed or consisting of 

threads. Bacon. 
FIL'A-CER, 71. [Norm, filicer.] An ofllcer in the English 

court of common pleas, so called from filing the writs on 

which he makes process. 
FIL'A-MENT, n. [Fr.] A thread ; a fibre.— In anatomy and 

natural history, a fine thread, of which flesh, nerves, skin, 

plants, roots, &c., are composed. 
FIL-A-MENT'OUS, a. Like a thread ; consisting of fine 

filaments. 



FIL'AN-DERS, 7!. [Fi.filandres.] A disease in hawks. 

FIL'A-TO-RY, 71. [l,.filv ^ 

spins threads. 



lum.] A machine which forms or 



FIL'BERT, n. The fruit of the corylus or hazel. 

FILCH, V. t. To steal something of little value ; to pilfer, 
to steal ; to pillage ; to take wrongfully. Dryden. 

FILCHED, pp. Stolen; taken wrongfully from another; 
pillaged ; pilfered. 

FILCH'ER, n. A thief; one guilty of petty theft. 

FILCH'ING, ppr. Stealing ; taking from another wrongful- 
ly ; pilfering. 

FILCH'ING-LY, adv. By pilfering ; in a thievish manner. 

FILE, 71. [Fr.^Ze ; L.^Zm?^.] 1. A thread, string or line : 
particularly, a line or wire on which papers are strung. 

2. The whole number of papers strung on a line or wire 

3. A bundle of papers tied together, with the title of each 
indorsed. 4. A roll, list or catalogue. 5. A row of sol- 
diers ranged one behind another, from front to rear. 

FILE, V. t. 1. To string ; to fasten, as papers, on a line 01 
wire for preservation. 2. To arrange or insert in a bun- 
dle, as papers, indorsing the title on each paper. 3. Tc 
present or exhibit ofiicially, or for trial. 

FILE, v. i. To march in a file or line, as soldiers, not 
abreast, but one after another. 

FILE, n. [Sax.feoL] An instrument used in smoothing and 
polishing metals. 

FILE, V. t. [Russ. opilevayu.] 1. To rub and smooth with 
a file ; to polish. 2. To cut as with a file ; to wear off or 
away. 3. [from defile.] To foul or defile ; [obs.] 

FlLE'-€UT-TER, n. A maker of files. Moxon. 



See Synoprj A, £ I, O, V, Y, long.—F-AK, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsoleit 



FIL 



'3S9 



FlxN 



FILED, pp. Placed on a line or wire ; placed in a bundle 

and indorsed ; smoothed with a file. 
FiLE-LeAD'ER, n. The soldier placed in the front of a 

file. 
FIL'E-MOT, n. [Fr. feuUle-mortc.] A yellowish-brown 

color ; the color of a faded leaf. Swift. 
FiL'ER, n. One who Uses a file. 
FIL'IAL, (fil'yal) a. [Fr. filial.] 1. Pertaining to a son or 

daughter ; becoming a child in relation to his parents. 2. 

Bearing the relation of a son. 
FIL-I-A'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The relation of a son or child 

to a father ; correlative to paternity. 2. Adoption. 
FIL'I-FORM, a. [L. filum.] Having the form of a thread or 

filament. 
FIL'I-GRANE, or FIL'I-GREE, n. [L.. filum and granum.] 

A kind of enrichment on gold and silver, wrought deli- 
cately in the manner of little threads or grains, or of both 

intermixed. 

FIL'I-GREED °' \ "" Ornamented with filigrane. Tatler. 

FiL'ING, ppr. Placing on a string or wire, or in a bundle of 
papers ; presenting for trial ; marching in a file ; smooth- 
ing with a file. 

FiL'INGS, n. pin. Fragments or particles rubbed oflT by 
the act of filing. 

FILL, V. t. [Sa.x. fyllan, gefillan.] 1. To put or pour in, 
till the thing will hold no more. 2 To store ; to supply 
with abundance. 3. To cause to abound ; to make uni- 
vei-sally prevalent. 4. To satisfy ; to content. 5. To 
glut ; to surfeit. 6. To make plump. 7. To press and 
dilate on all sides or to the extremities. 8. To supply 
with liquor ; to pour into. 9. To supply with an incum- 
bent. 10. To hold ; to possess and perform the duties of; 
to officiate in, as an incumbent. — 11. In seamanship, to 
brace the sails so that the wind will bear upon them and 
dilate them. 

To fill out, to extend or enlarge to the desired limit. — To fill 
up. 1. To make full. 2. to occupy ; to fill. 3. To fill ; 
to occupy the whole extent. 4. To engage or employ. 
5. To complete. 6. To accomplish. 

FILL, V. i. 1. To fill a cup or glass for drinking ; to give to 
drink. 2. To grow or become full. 3. To glut ; to sati- 
ate. — To fill up, to grow or become full. 

FILL, 71. Fullness ; as much as supplies want. 

FIL'LA-GREE. See Filigrane. 

FILLED, pp. Made full ; supplied with abundance. 

FILL'ER, n, 1. One who fills ; one whose employment is 
to fill vessels. 2. That which fills any space. 3. One 
that supplies abundantly. 

FIL'LET, 71. {Ft. filet.] 1. A little band to tie about the 
hair of the head. 2. The fleshy part of the thigh. 3. 
Meat rolled together and tied round. — 4. In architecture, 
a little square member or ornament used in divers places. 
— 5. In heraldry, a kind of orle or bordure, containing 
only the third or fourth part of the breadth of the common 
bordure. — 6. Among painters and gilders, a little rule or 
reglet of leaf-gold. — 7. In the manege, the loins of ahorse. 

FIL'LET, V. t. 1. To bind with a fillet or little band. 2. To 
adorn with an astragal. 

FIL'LI-BEG, 71. [Gael, filleadh-heg.] A little plaid ; a dress 
reaching only to the knees, worn in the highlands of 
Scotland. 

FILL'ING, ppr. Making full ; supplying abundantly ; grow- 
ing full. 

FILL'ING, n. 1. A making ftiU ; supply. 2. The woof in 
weaving. 

FIL'LIP, V. t. To strike with the nail of the finger, forced 
with some violence. 

FIL'LIP, n. A jerk of the finger forced suddenly from the 
thumb. 

FIL'LY, 71. [W.filawg.] 1. A female or mare colt; a 
young mare. 2. A young horse ; [not used.] 3. A wan- 
ton girl. 

FILM, 71. [Sax. film.] A thin skin ; a pellicle, as on the 
eye. 

FILM, V. t. To cover with a thin skin or pellicle. 

FILM'Y, a. Composed of thin membranes or pellicles. 

FIL'TER, 71. [Fr. filtre.] A strainer ; a piece of woolen 
cloth, paper or other substance, through which liquors are 
passed for defecation. 

FIL'TER, V. t. To purify or defecate liquor, by passing it 
through a filter, or a porous substance. 

FIL'TER, V. i. To percolate ; to pass through a filter. 

FIL'TER. See Philter. 

FIL'TERED, pp. Strained ; defecated by a filter. 

FIL'TER-ING, ppr. Straining ; defecating. 

FILTH, 71. [Sax. fylth.] 1. Dirt ; any foul matter ; any 
thing that soils or defiles ; waste matter ; nastiness. 2. 
Corruption ; pollution ; any thing that sullies or defiles 
the moral character. 

FILTH'I-LY, adv. In a filthy manner ; foully ; grossly. 

FILTH'I-NESS, n. 1. The state of being filthy. 2. Foul- 
ness ; dirtiness ; filth ; nastiness. 3. Corruption ; pollu- 
tion ; defilement by sin ; impurity. 



FILTH'Y, a. ]. Dirty ; foul ; unclean ; nasty. 2. PoIIut 
ed ; defiled by sinful practices ; morally impure. 3. Ob- 
tained by base and dishonest means. 

FIL'TRATE, v. t. [Sp. filtrar.] To filter ; to defecate, as 
liquor, by straining or percolation. 

FIL-TRa'TION, n. The act or process of filtering. 

FIM'BLE-HEMP, n. [female-hemp.] Light, summer hemp, 
that beare no seed. Mortimer. 

FIM'BRI-ATE, a. [Tu. fimbria.] In botany, fringed ; having 
the edge surrounded by hairs or bristles. 

FIM'BRI-ATE, v. t. To hem ; to fringe. Fuller. 

FIM'BRI-A-TED, a. In heraldry, ornamented, as an ordi- 
nary, with a narrow border of another tincture. 

FIN, 71. [Sax. finn.] The fin of a fish consists of a mem- 
brane supported by rays, or little bony or cartilaginous os- 
sicles. 

FIN, v.t. To carve or cut up a chub. 

FiN'A-BLE, a. 1. That admits a fine. 2. Subject to a fine 
or penalty. 

Fl'NAL, a. [Fr., S^p. final ; L. finalis.] 1. Pertaining to the 
end or conclusion ; last ; ultimate. 2. Conclusive ; deci 
sive ; ultimate ; as, a final judgment. 3, Respecting the 
end or object to be gained ; respecting the purpose or ulti- 
mate end in view, as a. final cause. 

Fl'NAL-LY, adv. 1. At the end or conclusion ; ultimately ; 
lastly. 2. Completely ; beyond recovery. 

FI-NANCE', (fi-nans') n. [Ft.] Revenue ; income of a king 
or state. 

FI-NAN'CES, n. plu. Revenue ; funds in the public treas- 
ury, or accruing to it ; public resources of money. 2. The 
income or resources of individuals. 

FI-NAN'CIAL, a. Pertaining to public revenue. 

FI-NAN'CIAL-LY, adv. In relation to finances. 

FIN-AN-CIeR', (fin-an-seer') n. ] . An officer who receives 
and manages the public revenues ; a treasurer. 2. One 
who is skilled in the principles or system of public rev- 
enue. 3. One who is intrusted with the collection and 
management of the revenues of a corporatioji. 4. One 
skilled in banking operations. 

Fi'NA-RY, n. In iroji works, the second forge at the iron 
mill. See Finery. 

FINCH, n. [Sax. fine; G.fink.] A bird. 

Find, v. t. ; pret. and pp. found. [Sax. findan ; G.finden.] 
1. To discover by the eye ; to gain first sight or knowlecjge 
of something lost ; to recover. 2. To meet ; to discover 
something not before seen or known. 3. To obtain by 
seeking. 4. To meet with. 5. To discover or know by 
experience. 6. To reach ; to attain to; to arrive at. 7. 
To discover by study, experiment or trial. 8. To gain ; 
to have. 9. To perceive ; to observe ; to learn. 10. To 
catch ; to detect. 11. To meet. 12. To have ; to expe- 
rience ; to enjoy. 13. To select ; to choose ; to designate. 
14. To discover and declare the tnith of disputed facts ; to 
come to a conclusion, and decide between parties, as a 
jury. 15. To determine and declare by verdict. 16. To 
establish or pronounce charges alledged to be true. 17. 
To supply ; to furnish. 18. To discover or gain knowl- 
edge of, by touching or by sounding. 

To find one's self, to be ; to fare in regard to ease or pain, 
health or sickness.— To ^7i(^ in, to supply ; to furnish ; to 
provide.— To find out. 1. To invent ; to discover some- 
thing before unknown. 2. To unriddle ; to solve. 3. T^o 
discover ; to obtain knowledge of what is hidden. 4. To 
understand ; to comprehend. 5. To detect ; to discover ; 
to bring to light.— To find fault with, to blame ; to cen- 
sure. 

FiND'ER, n. One who meets or falls on any thing ; one 
who discovers by searching, or by accident. 

FiND'FAULT, n. A censurer ; a caviler. Shak. 

FiND-FAULT'ING, a. Apt to censure ; captious. 

FiND'ING, ppr. Discovering. 

FiND'ING, 71. 1. Discovery ; the act of discovering.— 2. In 
law, the return of a jury to a bill ; a verdict. 

f FIN'DY, a. [Sax. findig.] Full ; heavy ; or firm, solid, 
substantial. 

FINE, a. [Fr.^7i.] 1. Small ; thin; slender; minute ; of 
very small diameter. 2. Subtil ; thin ; tenuous. 3. Thin ; 
keen ; smoothly sharp. 4. Made of fine threads ; net 
coarse. 5. Clear ; pure ; free from feculence or foreign 
matter. 6. Refined. 7. Nice ; delicate ; perceiving or 
discerning minute beauties or deformities. 8. Subtil ; 
artful ; dextrous. 9. Subtil ; sly ; fraudulent. 10. Ele- 
gant ; beautiful in thought. 11. Very handsome ; beauti- 
ful with dignity. 12. Accomplished ; elegant in manners. 
13. Accomplished in learning ; excellent. 14. Excellent ; 
superior ; brilliant or acute. 15. Amiable ; noble ; ingen- 
uous ; excellent. 16. Showy ; splendid ; elegant. 17. Iron- 
ically, worthy of contemptuous notice ; eminent for bad 
qualities.— M/ie arts, or polite arts, are the arts which de- 
pend chiefly on the labors of the mind or imagination, and 
whose object is pleasure, as poetry, music, painting and 
sc^Llj)t\Lre. 

FINE, n. 1. In a feudal sense, a final agreement between 
persons concerning lands or rents. 2. A sum of money 



See Synopns MOVE BQQK D6VE )— BULL, UNITF. -€ as K ; G as J • S aa Z j CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



FIN 



340 



FIR 



paid to the lord by his tenant, for permission to alienate 
or transfer his lands to another. 3. A sum of money paid 
by way of penalty for an offense ; a mulct ; a pecuni- 
ary punishment. — In fine. [Fr. enfin ; L. in and finis.'] 
In the end or conclusion ; to conclude ; to sum up 
all. 

FINE, v.t. 1. To clarify ; to refine ; to purify ; to defecate ; 
to free from feculence or foreign matter. 2. To purify, as 
a metal. 3. To make less coarse ; {obs.'] 4. To decorate ; 
to adorn ; [obs.'] Skak. 

FINE, v.t. 1. To impose on one a pecuniary penalty ; to 
set a fine on by judgment of a court ; to punish by fine. 

2. V. i. To pay a fine ; [obs.] 

FiNE'DRAW, V. t. To sew up a rent with so much nicety 
that it is not perceived. 

FlNE'DRAW-ER, n. One who finedraws. 

FiNE'DRAW-ING, n. Rentering ; a dextrous or nice sew- 
ing up the rents of cloths or stuffs. 

FiNE'FIN-GERED, a. Nice in workmanship. 

riNE'SPO-KEN, a. Using fine phrases. 

FINE'SPUN, a. Drawn to a tine thread 5 minute ; subtle. 

FlNE'STILL, V. t. To distill spirit from molasses, treacle 
or some preparation of saccharine matter. 

FiNE'STILL-ER, n. One who distills spirit from treacle or 
molasses. Enciic 

FiNE'STILL-ING, n. The operation of distilling spirit from 
molasses or treacle. 

FINED, -pp. 1. Refined ; purified ; defecated. 2. Subjected 
to a pecuniary penalty. 

t FiNE'LESS, a. Endless ; boundless. Shak. 

FINE'LY, adtj. 1, In minute parts. 2. To a thin or sharp edge. 

3. Gayly 5 handsomely ; beautifully ; with elegance and 
taste. 4. With elegance or beauty. 5. With advantage ; 
very favorably. 6. Nicely ; delicately. 7. Purely ; com- 
pletely.— 8. By way of irony, wretchedly ; in a manner 
deserving of contemptuous notice. 

FiNE'NESS, n. [Fr. finesse.] 1. Consisting of fine threads. 

2. Smallness ; minuteness, as of sand or particles. 3. Clear- 
ness ; purity ; freedom from foreign matter. 4. Niceness ; 
delicacy. 5. Keenness ; sharpness ; thinness. 6. Ele- 
gance ; beauty. 7. Capacity for delicate or refined con- 
ceptions. 8. Show ; splendor ; gayety of appearance ; el- 
egance. 9. Clearness. 10. Subtilty ; artfulness 5 ingenu- 
ity. 11. Smoothness. 

FiN'ER, n. 1. One who refines or purifies. 2. a. Compara- 
tive of fine. 

FIN'ER-Y, n. 1. Show ; splendor; gayety "of colors or ap- 
pearance. 2. Showy articles of dress ; gay clothes, jew- 
els, trinkets, &c. — 3. In iron-icorks, the second forge at 
the iron-mills. See Finary. 

FI-NESS', ) n. [Fr. finesse.] Artifice ; stratagem ; subtil- 

FI-NESSE', ] ty of contrivance to gain a point. 

FI-NESS', V. i. To use artifice or stratagem. 

F[-NESS'ING,ppr. Practicing artifice to accomplish a pur- 
pose. 

FIN'-FISH, n. A species of slender whale. 

FIN'FOOT-ED, a. Having palmated feet, or feet with toes 
connected by a membrane. 

FIN'GER, (fing'ger) n. [Sax. finger.] 1. One of the ex- 
treme parts of the hand, a small member shooting to a 
point. 2. A certain measure. 3. The hand. — 4. In mu- 
sic, ability ; skill in playing on a keyed instrument. 

FIN'GER, V. t. 1. To handle with the fingers ; to touch 
lightly ; to toy. 2. To touch or take thievishly ; to pilfer. 

3. To touch an instrument of music ; to play on an instru- 
ment. 4. To perform work with the fingers ; to execute 
delicate work. 5. To handle without violence. 

FIN'GER, V. i. To dispose the fingers aptly in playing on 
an instrument. 

FIN'GER-BoARD, n. The board at the neck of a violin, 
guitar or the like, where the fingers act on the strings. 

FIN'GERED, pp. 1. Played on ; handled ; touched. 2. a. 
Having fingers. — In botany, digitate ; having leaflets like 
fingers. 

FIN'GER-FERN, n. A plant, asplenium. Johnson. 

FIN'GER-ING, ppr. Handling ; touching lightly. ' 

FIN'GER-ING, n. 1. The act of touching lightly or han- 
dling. 2. The manner of touching an instrument of mu- 
sic. 3. Delicate work made with the fingers. 

FIN'GER-SHELL, n. A marine shell resembling a finger. 

FIN'GER-STONE, n. A fossil resembling an arrow. 

FIN'GLE-FAN'GLE, 71. A trifle. [ rulgar.] 

FIN'GRI-GO, n. A plant, of the genus /isonia. 

FIN'I-CAL, a. 1. Nice; spruce; foppish; pretending to 
superfluous elegance. 2. Affectedly nice or showy. 

FIN'I-€AL-LY, adv. With great nicety or spruceness ; fop- 
pishly. 

FIN'I-€AL-NESS, n. Extreme nicety in dress or manners ; 
foppishness. JVarburton. 

FlN'lNG, ppr, 1. Clarifying; refining; purifying; defecat- 
ing. 2. [See Fine, the noun.] Imposing a fine. 

FlN'^ING-POT, 7j. A vessel in which metals are refined. 

Fl'NlS, n. [L.J An end ; conclusion. 

FINISH, t>. t. [Arm. finigza; Fr. finir.] 1. To arrive at 



the end of, in performance ; to complete. 2. To mak^ 
perfect. 3. To bring to an end ; to end ; to put an ena 
to. 4. To perfect; to accomplish ; to polish to the degree 
of excellence intended. 

FIN'ISHED, pp. 1. Completed ; ended ; done ; perfected. 
2. a. Complete ; perfect ; polished to the highest degree 
of excellence. 

FIN'ISH-ER, n. 1. One who finishes ; one who complete- 
ly performs. 2. One who puts an end to. 3. One who 
completes or perfects. 

FIN'ISH-ING, pjjr. Completing ; perfecting; bringing to an 
end. 

FIN'ISH-ING, or FIN'ISH, n. Completion ; completeness - 
perfection ; last polish. fVarburton. 

Fl'NiTE, a. [h.finitus.] Having a limit ; limited; bound 
_ed| opposed to in^7M'te. 

Fl'NiTE-LY, adv. Within limits ; to a certain degree only. 
Stillijigfieet, 

Fl'NiTE-NESS, ?i. Limitation ; confinement within cer- 
tain boundaries. 

t FIN'I-TUDE, ??. Limitation. Cheyne. 

FIN'KLE, n. [Teiit. fenckle.] Fennel. Craven dialect 

FIN'LESS, a. Destitute of fins. Shak. 

FIN'LiKE, a. Resembling a fin. Dryden. 

FINN, n. A native of Finland, in Europe. 

FINNED, a. Having broad edges on either side. 

FIN'NI.KIN, 71. A sort of pigeon. 

FIN'NYj a. Furnished with fins ; as, finny fish. 

FIN'-ToED, a. Palmiped ; palmated ; having toes connect- 
ed by a membrane. 

FI-NO'CHI-O, n. [It.finocchio.] A variety of fennel. 

FIN'SCALE, n. A river fish, called the rudd. 

fFIP'PLE, n. [Ij. fibula.] A stopper. Bacon. 

FiR, 7?. [W.pyr.] The name of several species of the ge- 
nus pinus. 

FIR'- TREE. See Fir. 

FIRE, n. [Sax.fyr.] 1. Heat and light emanating visibly, 
perceptibly and simultaneously from any body ; caloric. 
— In the popular acceptation of the 7cord, fire is the effect 
of combustion. 2. The burning of fuel on a hearth, or in 
any other place. 3. The burning of a house or town; a 
conflagration. 4. Light ; lustre ; splendor. 5. Torture 
by burning. 6. The instrument of punishment ; or the 
punishment of the impenitent in another state. 7. That 
which inflames or irritates the passions. 8. Ardor of tem- 
per ; violence of passion. 9. Liveliness of imagination; 
vigor of fancy ; intellectual activity ; animation ; force of 
sentiment or expression. 10. The passion of love ; ar- 
dent affection. 11. Ardor; heat; love. 12. Combus- 
tion ; tumult ; rage ; contention. 13. Trouble ; atflic- 
tion. — To set on fire, to kindle ; to inflame ; to excite vio- 
lent action. — St. Anthony'' s fire, a disease marked by an 
eruption on the skin, or a diffused inflammation, with fe- 
ver ; the erysipelas. — Wild fire, an artificial or factitious 
fire, which burns even under water. It is called, also, 
Greek fire. 

FIRE, V. t. 1. To set on fire ; to kindle. 2, To inflame ; 
to irritate the passions. 3. To animate ; to give life or 
spirit. 4. To drive by fire ; [little used.] 5. To cause to 
explode ; to discharge. 6. To cauterize. 

FIRE, V. i. 1. To take fire ; to be kindled. 2. To be irri- 
tated or inflamed with passion. 3. To discharge artillery 
or firearms. 

FiRE'ARMS, n. plu. Arms or weapons which expel their 
charge by the combustion of powder. 

FiRE'-AR-RoW, n. A small iron dart, furnished with a 
match impregnated with powder and sulphur. 

FiRE'BALL, n. 1. A grenade ; a ball filled with powder 
or other combustibles. 2. A meteor which passes rapidly 
through the air and displodes. 

FiRE'BARE, n. In old writers, a beacon. Cyc. 

FiRE'BAR-REL, n. A hollow cylinder used in fireships, to 
convev the fire to the shrouds. 

FiRE'BAV-IN, 71. A bundle of brush-wood, used in fire- 
ships. 

FiRE'BLaST, 71. A disease in hops. 

FiRE'BOTE, 71. An allowance of fuel, to which a tenant is 
_entitled. England. 

FlRE'BRAND, n. 1. A piece of wood kindled or on fire. 
2. An incendiary ; one who inflames factions, or causes 
contention and mischief. 

FiRE'BRICK, n. A brick that will sustain intense heat 
without fusion. 

FiRE'BRUSH, n. A brush used to sweep the hearth. . 

FiRE'BU€K-ET, n. A bucket to convey water to engines 
for extiriguishing fire. 

FiRE'CLaY, 71. A kind of clay that will sustain intense 
Jieat, used in making firebricks. 

FlRE'€0€K, n. A cock or spout to let out water for extin- 
guishing fire. 

FlRE'-€6M'PA-NY, n. A company of men for managing 
an engine to extinguish fires. 

FiRE'CROSS, 71. Something used in Scotland as a signal to 
take arms. 



See 



E, T, o, U, ■?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ,— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete 



Fill 



341 



FIS 



J<'iRED, jyp. Set on fire; inflamed; kindled; animated; 
irritated. 

FiRE'DAMP. See Damp. 

FIRE'DRAKE, n, 1. A fiery serpent. 2. An ignis fat- 
uus. 

FIRE'-EN-GiNE, n. An engine for tlirowing water to ex- 
tinguish fire and save buildings. 

FIRE'-E-SeAPE, 71. A machine for escaping from win- 
dows, when houses are on fire. 

FiRE'FLAIRjM. A species of ray-fish or raja. 

FIRE'FLY, n. A species of fly which has on its belly a spot 
which shines ; and another species which emits light 
from under its wings, as it flies. 

FIRE'HOOK, n. A large hook for pulling down buildings 
in conflagrations. 

FlRE'LOGK, n. A musket, or other gun, with a lock. 

FIRE'MAN, 71. 1. A man whose business is to extinguish 
fires. 2. A man of violent passions ; [not used.] 

FiRE'MAS-TER, n. An ofiicer of artillery who superintends 
the composition of fireworks. 

FIRE'NEW, a. Fresh from the forge ; bright. 

FlRE'-OF-FlCE, n. An office for making insurance against 
fire. 

FIRE'-OR-DE-AL. See Ordeal. 

FTRE'PAN, 71. A pan for holding or conveying fire, 

FIRE'PLACE, n. The part of a chimney appropriated to 
the fire ; a hearth. 

FiRE'PLUG, 71. A plug for drawing water from a pipe to 
extinguish fire. 

FIRE'POT, n. A small earthen pot filled with combusti- 
bles, used in military operations. 

Flli'ER, n. One who sets fire tb any thing ; an incendi- 
ary. 

FiRE'SHIP, 11. A vessel filled with combustibles, and fur- 
nished with grappling irons. 

FlRE'SH6V-EL, n. A shovel or instrument for taking up 
or removing coals of fire. 

FTRE'SIDE, n. A place near the fire or hearth ; home ; do- 
mestic life or retirement. 

FlRE'STI€K, n. A lighted stick or brand. Dighij. 

FIRE'STONE, ti 1. A fossil, the pyrites. See Pyrites. 2. 
A kind of freestone which bears a high degree of heat. 

FIRE'WARD, I 71. An ofiicer who has authority to di- 

FlRE'WARD-EN, 5 rect others in the extinguishing of 
fires. 

FTRE'WOOD, 71. Wood for fuel, 

FiRE'w6rK, 71. Usually in the plural, fireworks. Prepa- 
rations of gun-powder, sulphur and other inflammable 
materials, used for making explosions in the air. On occa- 
sions of public rejoicing ; pyrotechnical exhibitions. 

FiRE'W6RK-ER, 71. An officer of artillery subordinate to 
the firemaster. 

FIR'IJSTG, ppr. Setting fire to ; kindling ; animating ; excit- 
ing ; inflaming ; discharging firearms. 

FTR'ING, n. 1. The act of discharging firearms. 2. Fuel ; 
firewood or coal. Mortimer. 

FiR'ING-I-RON, 71. An instrument used in farriery to dis- 
cuss swellings and knots. Encyc. 

t FiRK, V. t. To beat ; to whip ; to chastise. Hudibras. 

FiRK, 7?< A stroke ; written also/erfc ; but rarely used. 

FiR'KIN, 7*. A measure of capacity, being the fourth part 
of a barrel. 

FiR'LOT, n. A dry measure used in Scotland. 

FIRM, a. [L. firmus ; Fr./erme.] J. Closely compressed ; 
compact ; hard ; solid. 2. Fixed ; steady ; constant ; 
stable ; unshaken ; not easily moved. 3. Solid ; not giv- 
ing way. 

FiRM, 71, A partnership or house ; or the name or title un- 
der which a company transact business. 

FiRM, V. t. [L. firmo.] To fix ; to settle ; to confirm ; to 
establish. Dryden. 

FiRM'A-MENT, n. [L. firmamentum.] The region of the 
air ; the sky or heavens. — In Scripture, the word denotes 
an expanse, a wide extent. 

FIR-MA-MENT'AL, a. Pertaining to the firmament ; ce- 
lestial; being of the upper regions, 

FiR'MAN, n. An Asiatic word, denoting a passport, per- 
mit, license, or grant of privileges, 

FIRMED, pp. Established ; confirmed, 

FiRM'ING, ppr. Settling ; making firm and stable. 

jFlRM'I-TUDE, 7i. Strength; solidity. Bp. Hall. 

f-FiRMI-TY, 11. Strength; firmness. 

JFiRM'LESS, a. Detached from substance, 

FiRM'LY, adv. 1. Solidly ; compactly ; closely. 2. Stead- 
ily ; with constancy or fixedness ; immovably ; srtead- 
fastlv 

FiRM'NESc, 71. 1. Closeness or denseness of texture or 
structure ; compactness ; hardness ; solidity. 2. Stabili- 
ty • strength, 3, Steadfastness ; constancy ; fixedness, 4, 
Certainty ; soundness, 

FIRST, a. \Sax.fi.rst, or fyrst.] 1. Advanced before or fur- 
ther than any other in progression; foremost in place. 
2. Preceding all others in the order of time. 3, Preced- 
ing all others in numbers or a progressive series ; the or- 



dinal of one. 4. Preceding all others m rank, dignity pj 
excellence. 

FIRST, adv. 1. Before any thing else in the order of time. 
2. Before all others in place or progression. 3. Before any 
twing else in order of proceeding or consideration, 4. Be- 
fore all others in rank, — At first, at the first, at the begin- 
ning or origin. — First or last, at one time or another ; at 
the beginning or end. 

FiRST-BE-GOT', ) a. First produced ; the eldest of 

FiRST-BE-GOT'TEN, i children. Milton. 

FiRST'-BORN, a. 1. First brought forth; first in the order 
of nativity ; eldest, 2. Most excellent ; most distinguish- 
ed or exalted. 

FiRST'-BORN, n. The eldest child ; the first in the order 
of birth. 

FiRST-€RE-A'TED, a. Created before any other, 

FiRST'-FRuIT, J n. 1. The fruit or produce first matured 

FiRST'-FRuITS, \ and collected in any season, 2. The 
first profits of any thing. 3, The first or earliest effect of 
any thing, in a good or bad sense. 

FiRST'LING, a. First produced. 

FiRST'LING, 71. 1. The first produce or offspring ; applied 
to beasts. 2. The thing first thought or done ; [not used.] 

FiRST'LY, adv. Improperly used instead o{fi.rst. 

FiRST'-RATE, a. 1. Of the highest excellence ; preemi- 
nent. 2. Being of the largest size. 

FIS€, 71, [L. fiscus ; Fr.^sc] The treasury of a prince or 
state, 

FISCAL, a. Pertaining to the public treasury. 

FISCAL, 71. 1. Revenue ; the income of a prince or state. 
2, A treasurer. 

FISH, 71, [Sax, ^sc] 1, An animal that lives in water. 2. 
The flesh offish, used as food, 3. A counter, 

FISH, V. i. I, To attempt to catch fish ; to be employed in 
taking lish, by any means, as by angling or drawing nets, 

2. To attempt or seek to obtain by artifice, or indirectly 
to seek to draw forth, 

FISH, V. t. 1. To search by raking or sweeping, — 2. In sea- 
manship, to strengthen, as a mast or yard, with a piece of 
timber, 3, To catch ; to draw out or up. 

FISH, n. 1. In ships, a machine to hoist and draw up the 
flukes of an anchor, towards the top of the bow. 2. A 
long piece of timber, used to strengthen a lower mast or a 
yai-d, when sprung or damaged. 

FISH'ER, 71. ] . One who is employed in catching fish, 2, 
A species of weasel, 

FISH'ER-BoAT, n. A boat employed in catching fish, 

FISH'ER -MAN, n. 1. One whose occupation is to catch 
fish, 2. A ship or vessel employed in the business of tak ■ 
mg fish, 

FISH'ER-TOWN, n. A town inhabited by fishermen, 

FISH'ER-Y, n. 1. The business of catching fish, 2, A 
place for catching fish, 

FISH'FUL, a. Abounding with fish, Carew. 

FISH'GiG, or FIZ'GIG, 77, An instrument used for striking 

FISH'HOOK, 71, A hook for catching fish. 

FISH'I-FI', V. t. To turn to fish, j2 cant word. Shak. 

FISH'ING, ppr. Attempting to catch fish ; searching ; seek- 
ing to draw forth by artifice, or indirectly ; adding a piece 
of timber to a mast or spar to strengthen it, 

FISH'ING, 71, 1. The art or practice of catching fish. 2. A 
fishery, Spenser. 

FISH'ING-FROG, 7i, The toad-fish, or lophius, whose head 
is larger than the body, Encyc. 

FISH'ING-PLACE, n. A place where fishes are caught 
with seines ; a fishery. 

FISH'KET-TLE, n. A kettle for boiling fish whole. 

FISH'LiKE, a. Resembling fish. Shak. 

FISH'MAR-KET, 11. A place where fish are exposed for 
sale, 

FISH'MeAL, 7!, A meal of fish ; diet on fish ; abstemious 
diet, 

FISH'M6N-GES, n. A seller offish, 

FISH'POND, 71, A pond in whicii fishes are bred, 

FISH'ROOM, n. An apartment in a ship between the af- 
ter-hold_and the spirit room, 

FISH'SPeAR, 7i, A spear for taking fish by stabbing them. 

FISH'WiFE, 7), A woman tliat cries fish for sale, 

FISH'WOM-AN, n. A woman who sells fish, 

FISH'Y, 'a. 1. Consisting of fish, 2, Inhabited by fish. 

3, Having the qualities offish ; like fish, 
fFISK, »;. t. [Su.fiesca.] To run about. Cotgrave. 
FIS'SILE, ffl. [Ij.fissilis.] That may be split, cleft or divid- 
ed in the direction of the grain, or of natural joints. 

FIS-SIL'I-TY, 11. The quality of admitting to be cleft. 

FIS'SI-PED, a. [h.fissus.] Having separate toes. 

FIS'SI-PED, n. An animal whose toes are separate, or not 
connected by a membrane. 

FIS'SURE, (fish'ure) n. [Fr,,from H,. fissura, from findo, to 
split,] L A cleft ; a narrow chasm made by the parting 
of any su1)stance ; a longitudinal opening, — 2. In surgery, 
a crack or slit in a bone, either transversely or longitudi- 
nally, by means of external force. — 3. In anatomy, a 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, D6VE ;— B^LL, UNITE.— € 93 K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; Til as in this, t (ly^^tiete 



FIX 



342 



FLA 



deep, narrow sulcus, or depression, dividing the anterior 
and middle lobes of the cerebrum on each side. 

FIS'SURE, (fish'ure) v. t. To cleave ; to divide ; to crack 
or fracture. 

FIS'SURED, pp. Cleft; divided; cracked. ' 

FIST, n. [Sax. fyst.] The hand clinched ; the hand virith 
the fingers doubled into the palm. 

FIST, V. t. 1. To strike with the fist. Dryden. 2. To gripe 
with the fist. Shak. 

FIST'I-€UFFS, 71. Blows or a combat with the fist ; a box- 
ing. Swift. 

FIS'TI'NUT, 71. A pistachio nut. 

FTS'TU-LA, 71. [L.] 1. A pipe ; a wind instrument of mu- 
i?ic, originally a reed. — 2. In surgery, a deep, narrow and 
callous ulcer, generally arising from abscesses.^i^'istoZa 
lachrymalis, a fistula of the lachrymal sac, a disorder ac- 
companied with a flowing of tears. 

FIS'TU-LAR, a. Hollow, like a pipe or reed. 

FIS'TU-LATE, v. i. To become a pipe or fistula. 

FIS'TU-LATE, v. t. To make hollow like a pipe. 

FIS'TU-LI-FORM, a. Being in round hollow columns, as 
a mineral. Phillips. 

FIS'TU-LOUS, a. Having the nature of a fistula. Wise- 
man. 

FIT, 71. [qu. W. Jith.] 1. The invasion, exacerbation or 
paroxysm of a disease. 2. A sudden and violent attack 
of disorder, in which the body is often convulsed, and 
sometimes senseless. 3. Any short return after intermis- 
sion ; a turn; a period or interval. 4. A temporary af- 
fection or attack. 5. Disorder ; distemperature. 6. [Sax. 
fitt, a song.] Anciently, a song, or part of a song ; a strain; 
a canto. 

FIT, a. [Flemish, vitten,'] 1. Suitable ; convenient ; meet ; 
becoming. 2. Q.ualified. 

FIT. V. t. 1. To adapt ; to suit ; to make suitable. 2. To 
accommodate a person with any thing. 3. To prepare ; 
to put in order for ; to furnish with things proper or ne- 
cessary. 4. To qualify; to prepare. — To fit out, to fur- 
nish ; to equip ; to supply with necessaries or means. — 
To fit up, to prepare ; to furnish with things suitable ; to 
make proper for the reception or use of any person. 

FIT, V. i. 1. To be proper or becoming. 2. To suit or be 
suitable ; to be adapted. 

FITCH, n. A chick-pea. 

FITCH'ET, ) 71. [W. gwicyll or gvncyn.] A polecat ; a 

FITCH'EW, \ foumart. 

FIT'FU L, a. Varied by paroxysms ; full of fits. 

FIT'LY, adv. 1. Suitably ; properly ; with propriety. 2. 
Commodiously ; coveniently. 

t FIT'MENT, 71. SoiTiething adapted to a purpose. 

FIT'NESS, 71. 1. Suitableness; adaptedness; adaptation. 
2. Propriety ; meetness ; justness ; reasonableness. 3. 
Preparation ; qualification. 4. Convenience ; the state of 
being fit. 

t FIT'TA-BLE, a. Suitable. Sherwood. 

FIT'TED, pp. Made suitable ; adapted ; prepared ; quali- 
fied. 

FITTER, 71. One who makes fit or suitable ; one who 
adapts ; one who prepares. 

FIT'TING, ppr. Making suitable ; adapting ; preparing ; 
qualifying ; providing with. 

FIT'TING-LY, adv. Suitably. More. 

FITZ, Norm, fites, fiuz or fii, a son, is used in names, as 
in Fitzherbert, Fitzroy, Carlovitz. 

FIVE, a. [Sax.fif.] Four and one added ; the half of ten. 

?5viSRED,|-«^^i«gfi-t,ars. 

FiVE'CLEFT, a. Quinquefid ; divided into five seg- 
jnents^ 

FiVE'FoLD, a. In fives ; consisting of five in one ; five- 
doublej five times repeated. 

FiVE'LeAF, 71. Cinquefbil. Drayton. 

FiVE'LeAFED, a. Having five leaves. 

FiVE'LoBED, a. Consisting of five lobes. 

FiVE'PaRT-ED, a. Divided into five parts. 

FIVES, 71. A kind of play with a ball. 

Fives, or ViVES, 71. a disease of horses, resembling the 
strangles. 

FIVE TOOTHED, a. Having five teeth. 

FIVE'VALVED, a. Having five valves. Botany. 

FIX, v. t. [Fr. fixer.] 1. To make stable ; to set or estab- 
lish immovably. 2. To set or place permanently ; to 
establish. 3. To make fast; to fasten; lo attach firmly. 
4. To set or place steadily ; to direct, as the eye, without 
moving it; to fasten. 5. To set or direct steadily, with- 
^ out wandering. 6. To set or make firm, so as to bear a 

, high degree of heat without evaporating ; to deprive of 
volatility. 7. To transfix ; to pierce ; [little used.] Sandijs. 
8. To withhold from motion. — 9. In popular use, to put 
in order; to prepare ; to adjust 

FIX, v.i. 1. To rest , to settle or remain permanently ; to 
cease from wandering. 2. To become firm, so as to resist 
volatilization. 3. To cease to flow or be fluid ; to con- 
geal; to become hard and malleable. Bacon.~To fix on, 



to settle the opinion or resolution on any thing : to deter- 
mine on. 

FIX'A-BLE, a. That may be fixed, established, or rendered 
firm. 

FIX-A'TION, 71. I. The act of fixing. 2. Stability; firm- 
ness ; steadiness ; a state of being established. 3. Resi- 
dence in a certain place ; or a place of residence ; [little 
used.] 4. That firm state of a body which resists evapo- 
ration or volatilization by heat. 5. The act or process of 
ceasing to be fluid and becoming firm ; state of being 
fixed. 

FIXED, pp. Settled ; established ; firm ; fast ; stable.— 
Fixed air, called, generally, carbonic acid. — Fixed stars 
are such stars as always retain the same apparent position 
and distance with respect to each other. 

FIX'ED-LY, adv. Firmly ; in a settled or established man- 
ner; steadfastly. 

FIXGED-NESS, n. I. A state of being fixed; stability; 
firmness ; steadfastness. 2. The state of a body which 
resists evaporation or volatilization by heat. 3. Firm co- 
herence of parts; solidity. 

tFIX-ID'I-TY, 71. Fixedness. Boyle. 

FIX'I-TY, n. Fixedness; coherence of parts; that proper- 
ty of bodies by which they resist dissipation by heat. 

FIXT'URE, 7i. 1. Position. 2. Fixedness ; firm pressure. 
3. Firmness ; stable state. 4. That which is fixed to a 
building. 

FIX'URE, n. Position ; stable pressure ; firmness. 

FIZ'GIG, 71. 1. A fishgig, which see. 2. A gadding, flirt- 
ing girl. 3. A fire-work, made of powder rolled up in a 
paper. 

FIZ'z'le i^*'^* To make a hissing sound. 

FLAB'BI-NESS, n. A soft, flexible state of a substance, 
which renders it easily movable and yielding to pressure 

FLAB'BY, a. [W. llib.] Soft; yielding to the touch; easi- 
ly bent ; hanging loose by its own weight. 

tFLAB'EL, 71. [h.flabellmn.] A fan. Huloet. 

fFLAB'lLE, a. [lu.flabilis.] Subject to be blown. Diet. 

FLACCID, a. [L.flaccidus.] Soft and weak ; limber; laxj 
drooping; hanging down by its own weight; yielding to 
pressure. 

FLA€'CID-NESS, } n. Laxity ; limbemess ; want of firm- 

FLA€-CID'I-TY, \ ness or stiffness. 

FLACK'ER, v. i. [Teut. fliggeren.] To flutter, as a bird 
Grose. 

FLAG, V. i. [W. llac&u ; L. flacceo.] 1. To hang loose 
without stiffness ; to bend down as flexible bodies ; to be 
loose and yielding. 2. To grow spiritless or dejected ; lo 
droop; to grow languid. 3. To grow weak; to lose vig- 
or. 4. To become dull or languid. 

FLAG, V. t. To let fall into feebleness ; to suffer to drop. 

FLAG, n. [W. llec ; Ir. Hag.] A flat stone, or a pavement 
of flat stones. 

FLAG, V. t. To lay with flat stones. Sandys. 

FLAG, 71. [W. Uag.] An aquatic plaiU, with a bladed 
leaf. 

FLAG, n. [G. flagge.] An ensign or colors ; a cloth on 
which are usually painted or wrought certain figures, and 
borne on a staff. — To strike or loioer the flag, is to pull it 
down upon the cap in token of respect or submission. — To 
strike the flag, in an engagement, is tlie signal of surrender- 
ing. — To hang out the white flag, is to ask quarter, or, in 
some cases, to manifest a friendly design. The red flag is 
a sign of defiance or battle. — To hang the flag half mast 
high, is a. token or signal of mourning. — Flag-oflicer, an 
admiral ; the commander of a squadron. — Flaff-ship, th(! 
ship which bears the admiral, and in which his flag is 
displayed. — Flag-staff, the staff that elevates the flag. 

FLAG'BROOM, n. A broom for sweeping flags. 

FLAG'STONE, n. A flat stone for pavement. 

FLAG'WoRM, n. A worm or grub found among flags and 



FLA6'E-LET, 71. [¥x. flageolet.] A little flute; a small 
Wind instnnnent of music. 

FLAG'EL-LANT, n. [L.flagellans.] One who whips him- 
self in religious discipline. The Flagellants were a fanat- 
ical sect which arose in Italy, A. D. 1260. 

FLAG'EL-LATE, v. t. To whip ; to scourge. 

FLAG-EL-La'TION, 71. [L. flagello.] A beating or whip- 
ping; a flogging; the discipline of the scourge. 

FLAGGED, pp. Laid with ^at stones. 

FLAG'GI-NESS, n. Laxity; limberness; want of ten- 
sion. 

FLAG'GING, ppr. Growing weak ; drooping ; laying 
with flat stones. 

FLACGY, a. 1. Weak ; flexible ; limber ; not stiff. 2. 
Weak in taste; insipid. 3. Abounding with flags, the 
plant. 

FLA-G: 'TIOUS, a. [L. flagitium.] I. Deeply criminal ; 
grossly wicked ; villanous ; atrocious ; scandalous. 2. 
Guilty of enormous crimes ; corrupt ; wicked. 3. Marked 
or infected with scandalous crimes or vices. 

FLA-6l"TIOUS-LY, adv. With extreme wickedness. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, V, Y, long.—FAU, FALL, WH^T ;— PRgY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD — f Obsolete. 



FLA 



343 



FLA 



FLA-6I"TI0US-NESS, n. Extreme wickedness. 

FLAG'ON, 71. [L. lagena.] A vessel with a narrow moutb, 
used for holding and conveying liquors. 

FLa 'GRANGE, n. Notoriousness j glaring offense. Bp. 
Hall. 

FLa'GRAN-CY, n. 1. A burning ; great heat ; inflamma- 
tion ; [obs.] 2. Excess ; enormity. 

FLa 'GRANT, a. [L.flagrans.] 1. Burning; ardent; ea- 
ger. £ Glowing ; red ; flushed. 3. Red ; inflamed. 4. 
Flaming in notice ; glaring ; notorious ; enormous. 

FLa'GRANT-LY, adv. Ardently ; notoriously. 

FLa'GRATE, v. t. To burn. [Little used.] 

FLA-GRa'TION, 71. A burning. [Little used.] 

FLaIL, n. [D. vlegel ; G. JiegeL] An instrument for 
thrashing or beating corn from the ear. 

FLAKE, n. [Sax.fiace; B. vlaak.] 1. A small collection 
of snow, as it falls from the clouds or from the air. 2. A 
platform of hurdles, or small sticks, on which codfish is 
dried. Massachusetts. 3. A layer or stratum. 4. A col- 
lection or little particle of fire, or of combustible matter on 
fire, separated and flying off. 5. Any scaly matter in 
layers; any mass cleaving off in scales. 6. A sort of 
carnations, of two colors only, having large stripes going 
through the leaves. 

FLAKE, V. t. To form into flakes. Pope. 

FLAKJE, V. i. To break or separate in layers ; to peel or 
scale off. 

FLaKE'- WHITE, n. Oxyd of bismuth. Ure. 

FLaK'Y, a. ]. Consisting of flakes or locks. 2. Lying m 
flakes ; consisting of layers, or cleaving off in layers. 

FLAM, n. [Ice.Jlim; W. Ham.] A freak or whim; also, 
a falsehood ; a lie ; an illusory pretext ; deception ; delu- 
sion. 

FLAM, V. t. To deceive with falsehood ; to delude. 

FLAM'BEAU, (flam'bo) n. [Fr.] A light or luminary made 
of thick wicks covered with wax. 

FLAME, 71 [Fr. fiamme; 'L.jlamma.] 1. Ablaze; burn- 
ing vapor ; vapor in combustion. 2. Fire in general. 3. 
Heat of passion ; tumult ; combustion ; blaze ; violent 
contention. 4. Ardor of temper or imagination ; bright- 
ness of fancy ; vigor of thought. 5. Ardor of inclination ; 
warmth of affection. 6. The passion of love ; ardent 
love. 7. Rage ; violence. 

FLAME, V. t. To inflame ; to excite. Spenser. 

FLAME, V. i. I. To blaze ; to burn in vapor, or in a cur- 
rent. 2. To shine like burning gas. 3. To break out in 
violence of passion. 

FLaME'€6L-0R, 71. Bright color, as that of flame. 

FLaME'€oL-ORED, a. Of the color of flame ; of a bright 
yellow color. Shak. 

FLaME'EyED, a. Having eyes like a flame. 

FLaME'LESS, a. Destitute of flame ; without incense. 

FLa'MEN, n. [L.] 1. In ancient Rome, a priest. 2. A 
priest. 

FLaM'ING, ppr. 1. Burning in flame. 2. a. Bright ; red. 
Ajso, violent ; vehement. 

FLaM'ING, n. A bursting out in a flame. 

FLaM'ING-LY, adx. Most brightly ; with great show or 
vehemence. 

FLA-MIN'GO, 71. [Sp.] A fowl constituting the genus pAcB- 
nicopterus, of the grallic order. 

FLA-MIN'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to a Roman flamen. 

FLAM-MA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of admitting to be 
set on fire, or enkindled into a flame or blaze ; inflamma- 
bility. 

FLAM'MA-BLE, a. Capable of being enkindled into 



FLAM-Ma'TION, 71. The act of setting on flame. 

FLAM'ME-OUS, a. Consisting of flame ; like flame. 

FLAM-MIF'ER-OUS, a. [la.flamma.] Producing flame. 

FLAM-MI V'O-MOUS, a. [L.jlamma and vomo.] Vomiting 
flames, as a volcano. 

FLaM'Y, a. 1. Blazing ; burning. 2. Having the nature 
of flame. 3. Having the color of flame. 

t FLANG, old pret. of the verb fling. Mirror for Magis- 
trates. 

FLANK, 71. [Fr.flanc] 1. The fleshy or muscular part of 
the side of an animal, between the ribs and the hip. 2. 
The side of an army, or of any division of an army, as of 
a brigade, regiment or battalion.— 3. In fortification, that 
part of a bastion which reaches from the curtain to the 

FLANK, V. t. [Fr. flanquer.] 1. To attack the side or 
flank of an army or body of troops. 2. To post so as to 
overlook or command on the side. 3. To secure or guard 
on the side. 

FLANK, V. i. I. To border ; to touch. 2. To be posted on 
the side. 

FLANKED, pp. Attacked on the side ; covered or com- 
manded on the flank. 

FLANK'ER, n. A fortification projecting so as to command 
the side of an assailing body. 

FLANK'ER, v. t. 1. To defend by lateral fortifications. 
2. To attack sideways. Evelyn. 



FLAN'NEL, 71. [Fr.flanelle.] A soft, nappy, woolen cloth, 
of loose texture. 

FLAP, n. [G. lappen and klappe.] I. Any thing broad and 
limber that hangs loose or is easily moved. 2. The mo- 
tion of any thing broad and loose, or a stroke with it. 3. 
The flaps, a disease in the lips of horses. 

FLAP, V. t. 1. To beat with a flap. 2. To move something 
broad. 3. To let fall, as the brim of a hat. 

FLAP, V. i. 1. To move as wings, or as something broad 
or loose. 2. To fall, as the brim of a hat or other broad 
thing. 

FLAP'DRAG-ON, n. 1. A play in which they catch raisins 
out of burning brandy, and, extinguishing them by clos- 
ing the mouth, eat them. 2. The thing eaten. 

FLAP'DRAG-ON, v. t. To swallovir or devour. 

FLAP'EARED, a. Having broad, loose ears. Shak. 

FLAP'JACK, V. An apple-puff. Shak. 

FLAP'MOUTHED, a. Having loose, hanging lips. 

FLAPPED, pp. Struck with something broad ; let down ; 
having the brim fallen. 

FLAP'PER, n. One who flaps another. Chesterfield. 

FLAP'PING, pp-. Striking; beating; moving something 
broad. L' Estrange. 

FLARE, v.i. ]. To waver; to flutter; to burn with an 
unsteady light. 2. To flutter with splendid show ; to be 
loose and waving as a showy thing. 3. To glitter with 
transient lustre. 4. To glitter with painful splendor. 5. 
To be exposed to too much light. 6. To open or spread 
outward. 

FLaR'ING, ppr. or a. 1. Burning with a wavering light ; 
fluttering ; glittering ; showy. 2. Opening ; widening 
outward ; as, a, flaring fireplace. 

FLASH, 71. [Jr. lasair, lasrach.] 1. A sudden burst of 
light ; a flood of light instantaneously appearing and dis- 
appearing. 2. A sudden burst of flame and light ; an in- 
stantaneous blaze. 3. A sudden burst, as of wit or mer- 
riment. 4. A short, transient state. 5. A body of water 
driven by violence ; [local.] Pegge. 6. A little pool ; 
[local.] 

FLASH, V. i. 1. To break forth, as a sudden flood of light ; 
to burst or open instantly on the sight, as splendor. It 
diffei-s from glitter, glisten and gleam, in denoting a flood 
or wide extent of light. A diamond may glitter or glis- 
ten, but it does not flash. 2. To bm-st or break forth with 
a flood of flame and light. 3. To burst out into any kind 
of violence. 4. To break out, as a sudden expression of 
wit, merriment or bright thought. 

FLASH, v.t. 1. To strike up a body of water from the 
surface. 2. To strike or to throw like a burst of light. 

FLASH'ER, n. 1. A man of more appearance of wit than 
reality. Diet. 2. A rower ; [obs.] 

FLASH'I-LY, adv. With empty show ; with a sudden 
glare ; without solidity of wit or thought. 

FLASH'ING, ppr. Bursting forth as a flood of light, or of 
flame and light, or as wit, mirth or joy. 

FLASH'Y, a. 1. Showy, but empty; dazzling for a ma 
ment, but not solid. 2. Showy ; gay. 3. Insipid ; vapid ; 
without taste or spirit. 4. Washy ; plashy ; see Plash. 

FLASK, n. [G.flaschc.] 1. A kind of bottle. 2. A vessel 
for powder. 3. A bed in a gun-carriage. 

FLASK'ET, 71. 1. A vessel in which viands are served up. 
Pope. 2. A long, shallow basket. Spenser. 

FLAT, a. [D. plat.] 1. Having an even surface, without 
risings or indentures, hills or valleys. 2. Horizontal ; 
level ; without inclination. 3. Prostrate ; lying the whole 
length on the ground. 4. Not elevated or erect ; fallen. 
5. Level with the ground ; totally fallen. — 6. In painting, 
wanting relief or prominence of the figures. 7. Taste- 
less ; stale; vapid; insipid; dead. 8. Dull; uuanimat- 
ed ; frigid ; without point or spii-it ; applied to discourses 
and compositions. 9. Depressed ; spiritless ; dejected. 10. 
Unpleasing; not affording gratification. IL Peremptory ; 
absolute; positive; downright. 12. Not sharp or shrill; 
not acute. 13. Low, as the prices of goods; or dull, as 
sales. 

FLAT, 71. 1. A level or extended plain. — In America, it is 
applied particularly to low ground or meadow that is lev- 
el, but it denotes any land of even surface and of some 
extent. 2. A level ground lying at a small depth under 
the surface of water ; a shoal ; a shallow ; a strand ; a 
sand-bank under water. 3. The broad side of a blade. 
4. Depression of thought or language. 5. A surface with- 
out reliefer prominences. — 6. In music, a mark of depres- 
sion in sound. 7. A boat, broad and flat-bottomed. 

FLAT, V. t. [Fr. flatir.] 1. To level ; to depress ; to lay 
smooth or even; to make broad and smooth; to flatten. 
2. To make vapid or tasteless. 3. To make dull or unan- 
imated. 

FLAT, v.i. 1. Togrowflftt; to fall to an even surface 
2. To become insipid, or dull and unanimated. 

FLAT'-BOT-TOMED, a. Having a flat bottom, aa a boat, 
or a moat in fortiflcation. 

FLAT'iR-ON, 71. An instrument used in smoothing clothes. 

tFLA'TIVE, a. [L. flatus.] Producing wind ; flatulent. 



J Sjpiopsis. MOVE, BQOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as ic this, f Cfbsolett 



FLA 



344 



B^LE 



FLAT'LONG, adv. With the flat side downward 5 not 
edgewise. Shak. 

FLAT'LY, adv. 1. Horizontally ; without inclmation. 2. 
evenly ; without elevations and depressions. 3. Without 
spirit J dully J frigidly. 4. Peremptorily j positively j 
downright. 

FLAT'NESS, 71. 1. Evenness of surface; levelness ; equal- 
ity of surface. 2. Want of relief or prominence. 3. Dead- 
ness ; vapidness ; insipidity. 4. Dejection of fortune ; 
Jow state. 5. Dejection of mind; a low state of the spir- 
its ; depression ; want of life. 6. Dullness ; want of 
point ; insipidity ; frigidity. 7. Gravity of sound, as op- 
posed to sharpness, acuteness or shrillness. 

FLAT'NoSED, a. Having a flat nose. Burton. 

FLAT'TED, pp. Made flat ; rendered even on the surface ; 
also, rendered vapid or insipid. 

FLAT'TEN, (flat'tn) v. t. [Ft.flatir.] 1. To make flat ; to 
reduce to an equal or even surface ; to level. 2. To beat 
down to the ground ; to lay flat. 3. To make vapid or in- 
sipid ; to render stale. 4. To depress ; to deject, as the 
spirits; to dispirit. — 5. In music, to reduce, as sound; to 
render less acute or sharp. 

FLAT'TEN, (flat'tn) v. i. 1. To grow or become even on 
the surface. 2. To become dead, stale, vapid or tasteless. 
3. To become dull or spiritless. 

FLAT'TEN-ING, ppr. Making flat. 

FLAT'TER, n. The person or thing by which any thing is 
flattened. 

FLAT'TER, v. t. [Fr. flatter.] 1. To soothe by praise ; 
to gratify self-love by praise or obsequiousness ; to please 
a person by applause or favorable notice. 2. To please ; 
to gratify. 3. To praise falsely ; to encourage by favora- 
ble notice. 4. To encourage by favorable representations 
or indications. 5. To raise false hopes by representations 
not well founded. 6. To please ; to soothe. 7. To whee- 
dle ; to coax ; to attempt to win. 

FLAT'TERED, pp. Soothed by praise ; pleased by com- 
mendation ; gratified with hopes, false or well founded ; 
wheedled. 

FLAT'TER-ER, n. One who flatters ; a fawner ; a wheed- 
ler ; one who praises another. 

FLAT'TER-ING, ppr. Gratifying with praise ; pleasing by 
applause; wheedling; coaxing. 2. a. Pleasing to pride 
or vanity; gratifying to self love. 3. Pleasing; favora- 
ble ; encouraging hope. 4. Practicing adulation ; uttering 

FLAT'TER-ING -LY, adv. 1. In a flattering manner. 2. 
In a manner to favor ; with partiality. 

FLAT'TSR-Y, n. [Fr. flatterie.] 1. False praise ; com- 
mendation bestowed to accomplish some purpose. 2. Ad- 
ulation ; obsequiousness ; wheedling. 3. Just commend- 
ation which gratifies self-love. 

FLAT'TISH, a. Somewhat flat. Woodward. 

FLAT'U-LENCE, ^n. 1. Windiness in the stomach; air 

FLAT'U-LEN-CY, ) generated in a weak stomach and 
intestines. 2. Airiness; emptiness; vanity. 

FLAT'U-LENT, a. [L. flatulentus.] 1. Windy ; affect- 
ed with air genemted in the stomach and intestines. 2. 
Turgid with air ; windy. 3. Generating or apt to gener- 
ate wind in the stomach. 4. Empty ; vain ; big ; without 
substance or reality ; puffy. 

t FLAT-U-OS'I-TY, n. Windiness ; flatulence. 

t FLAT'U-OUS, a. [L. flatuosus.] Windy ; generating 
wind. Bacon. 

FLa'TUS, n. [L.] 1. A breath; a puff" of wind. 2. Wind 
generated in the stomach ; flatulence. 

FLAT'WISE, a. or adv. With the flat side downward or 
next to another object ; not edgewise. 

* FLAUNT, V. i. 1. To throw or spread out ; to flutter ; to 

display ostentatiously. 2. To carry a pert or saucy ap- 
pearance. 
-* FLAUNT, n. Any thing displayed for show. 

* PLAUNT'ING, ppr Making an ostentatious display. 
FLa'VOR, 71. [qu. Fi.flairer.] The quality of a substance 

which affects the taste or smell, in any manner ; taste, 
ordor, fragrance, smell. 

FLa'VOR, v. t. To communicate some quality to a thing, 
that may affect the taste or smell. 

FLa'VORED, a. Having a quality that affects the sense 
of tasting or smelling. 

FLa'VOR-LESS, a. Without flavor ; tasteless. 

FLa'VOR-OUS, a. Pleasant to the taste or smell. 

f-FLA'VOUS, a. [L.flavus.] Yellow. Smith. 

FLAW, 71. [W. flaw.] 1. A breach ; a crack ; a defect 
made by breaking or spUtting ; a gap or fissure. 2. A de- 
fect ; a fault ; any defect made by violence or occasioned 
by neglect. 3. A sudden burst of wind ; a sudden gust or 
blast of short duration. 4. A sudden burst of noise and 
disorder ; a tumult ; uproar. 5. A sudden commotion of 
mind ; [not used.] 

FLAW, V. t. 1. To break ; to crack. 2. To break ; to vio- 
late. 

FLAWED, pp. Broken; cracked. 

FLAWING, 2«w. Breaking; cracking. 



FLAWLESS, a. Without cracks ; without defect 

t FLAWN, n. [Sax.flena.] A sort of custard or pie. 

t FLAW'TER, V. t. To scrape or pare a skin. 

FLAWY, a. 1. Full of flaws or cracks ; broken ; defective , 
faulty. 2. Subject to sudden gusts of wind. 

FLAX, n. [Sa.x.fieax,flex.] I. A plant of the genus linum, 
consisting of a single slender stalk, the skin or herl of 
which is used for making thread and cloth, called linen, 
cambric, lawn, lace, <Stc. 2. The skin or fibrous part of 
the plant when broken and cleaned. 

FLAX'€oMB, 71. An instrument with teeth, through which 
flax is drawn for separating from it the tow or coarser 
part and the shives. In .America, we call it a hatchel. 

FLAX'DRESS-ER. n. One who breaks and swingles flaxs 

FLAX'PLANT, 71. The phormium, a plant. 

FLAX'RaIS-ER, 7?. One who raises flax. 

FLAX'SEED, n. The seed of flax. 

FLAX'EN, a. 1. Made of flax. 2. Resemblmg flax ; of the 
color of flax ; fair, long, and flowing. 

FLAX'-WEED, 71. A plant. 

FLAX'Y, a. Like flax ; being of a light color ; fair. 

FLAY, V. t. [Sax. flean.] 1. To skin ; to strip off the ekin of 
an animal. 2. To take off the skin or surface of any 
tiling ; [not used.] 

FLaYED, pp. Skinned ; stripped of the skin. 

FLaY'ER, 7i. One who strips off the skui. 

FLaY'ING, 2W- Stripping off the skin. 

FIjEA, 71. [Sax._^ea.] A troublesome insect. 

FLeA'BANE, 71. A plant of the genus conyia. 

FLeA'BiTE, I n. 1. The bite of a flea, or the red spot 

FLeA'BI-TING, \ caused by the bite. 2. A trifling 
wound or pain, like that of the bite of a flea. 

FLeA'BIT-TEN, a. Bitten or stung by a flea. 2. Mean j 
worthless ; of low birth or station. 

FLeA'WoR-T, n. A plant. 

FLeAK, 71. A lock. See Flake. 

FLeAM, 71. [D. vlym ; W.flaim.] In surgery and farriery, a 
sharp instrument used for opening veins for letting blood. 

FLECK, }v.t.[G. fleck.] To spot ; to streak or stripe ; 

FLE€K'ER, J to variegate ; to dapple. 

FLECTION, n. [L. flectio.] The act of bending, or state of 
being bent. 

ELECTOR , 71. A flexor, which see. 

FLED, pret. and pp. o? flee. 

FLEDGE, (flej)a. [G. flugge.] Feathered; furnished with 
feathers or v/ings ; able to fly. 

FLEDGE, 7J. «. lo furnish with feathers; to supply with 
the feathers necessary for flight. 

FLEDGED, pp. Furnished with feathers for flight ; covered 
with feathers, 

FLEDG'ING, ppr. Furnishing with feathers for flight. 

FLEE, w. i. [iiax. flean, fleon, fleogan.] 1. To run with ra- 
pidity, as from danger ; to attempt to escape ; to hasten 
from danger or expected evil. 2. To depart ; to leave ; to 
hasten away. 3. To avoid ; to keep at a distance from. 

FLEECE, (flees) n. [Sax. fleos, flys, flese.] The coat of 
wool shorn from a sheep at one time. 

FLEECE, V. t. 1. To shear off a covering or growth of 
wool. 2. To strip of money or property ; to take from, by 
severe exactions. 3. To spread over as with wool ; to 
make white. 

FLEECED, pp. Stripped by severe exactions. 

FLEECED, a. Furnished with a fleece or with fleeces. 

FLEE'CER, n. One who strips or takes by severe exactions. 

FLEE'CING, ppr. Stripping of money or property by se- 
vere demands of fees, taxes or contributions. 

FLEE'CY, a. 1. Covered with wool; woolly. 2. Resem- 
bling wool or a fleece ; soft ; complicated. 

FLEETS,, V. i. [Scot, flyre, oifleyr.] 1. To deride ; to sneer ; 
to mock ; to gibe ; to make a wry face in contempt, or to 
grin in scorn. 2, To leer ; to grin with an air of civility. 

FLEER, V. t. To mock ; to flout at. Beaumont. 

FLEER, n. 1. Derision or mockery, expressed by words 
or looks. Shak. 2. A grin of civility. South. 

FLEER'ER, n. A mocker ; a fawner. 

FLEER'ING, ppr. Deriding ; mocking ; counterfeiting an 
air of civility. 

FLEET, in English names, [Sax.fleot,] denotes a flood, a 
creek or inlet, a bay or estuary, or a river ; as in Fleet- 
street, Morth-flete, Fleet-prison. 

FLEET, 71. [^ax.flota,fiiet.] A navy or squadron of ships ; 
a number of ships in company. 

FLEET, a. [Ice. fiiotr.] 1. Swift of pace ; moving or able 
to move with rapidity ; nimble ; light and quick in mo- 
tion, or moving with lightness and celerity. 2. Moving 
with velocity. 3. Light ; superficially fruitful ; or thin ; 
not penetrating deep, as soil. 4. Skimming the sur- 
face. 

FLEET, V. i. 1. To fly swiftly ; to hasten ; to flit as a 
light substance. 2. To be in a transient state. 3. To 
float. 

FLEET, V. t. 1. To skim t\\e surface ; to pass over rapidly. 
2. To pass lightly, or in mirth and joy ; [7iot used.] 3. To 
skim milk ; [local, in England.] 



*See Synopsis i, E, I, O, tj, Y, long.— FAB., FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— HN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete, 



FLE 



345 



FLl 



FLEET'FQOT, a. Swift of foot ; running or able to run 

with rapidity. Shak. 
FLEET'ING, ppr. 1. Passing rapidly j flying with velocity. 

2. a. Transient ; not durable. 
FLEET'ING-DISH, n. A skimming bowl. [Local.] 
FLEET'LY, adv. Rapidly ; lightly and nimbly ; swiftly. 
FLEET'NESS, n. Swiftness ; rapidity j velocity 5 celerity ; 



FLEM'ING, n. A native of Flanders, 

FLEM'ISH, a. Pertaining to Flanders. 

FLESH, rt. [Sax. fi(BC,fiec, orflasc] 1. A compound sub- 
stance forming a large part of an animal, consisting of the 
softer solids, as distinguished from the bones and the flu- 
ids. 2. Animal food, in distinction from vegetable. 3. 
The body of beasts and fowls used as food, distinct from 
Jish. 4. The body, as distinguished from the soul. 5. An- 
imal nature ; animals of all kinds. 6. JMen in general : 
mamkind. 7. Human nature. 8. Carnality; corporeal 
appetites. 9. A carnal state ; a state of unrenewed na- 
ture. 10. The corruptible body of man, or corrupt nature. 

11. The present life ; the state of existence in this world. 

12. Legal righteousness, and ceremonial services. 13. 
Kindred , stock ; family. — 14. In botany, the soft pulpy 
substance of fruit ; also, that part of a rqot, fruit, &,c., 
which is fit to be eaten. — One flesh, denotes intimate rela- 
tion. .To be one fleshy is to be closely united, as in mar- 
riage. 

FLESH, V. t. 1. To initiate ; a »portsman's use of the word. 

2. To harden ; to accustom ; to establish in any practice. 

3. To glut ; to satiate. 

FLESH'BROTH, n. Broth made by boiling flesh in water. 

FLESH'BRUSH, n. A brush for exciting action in the skin 
by friction. 

FLESH'€6Lr-0R, w. The color of flesh ; carnation. 

FLESH-€6L'ORED, a. Being of the color of flesh. 

FLESH'Dl-ET, n. Food consisting of flesh. 

FLESHED, pp 1. Initiated ; accustomed ; glutted. 2. Fat 3 
fleshy. 

FLESH'FLY, n. A fly that feeds on flesh, and deposits her 
eggs in it. Ray 

FLESH'HOOK, n A hook to draw flesh from a pot. 

FLESH'I-N£sS, 71. Abundance of flesh or fat; plumpness; 
corpulence ; grossness, 

FLESH'ING, ppr. Initiating; making famiUar; glutting. 

FLESH'LESS, a. Destitute of flesh ; lean. 

FLESH'LI-NESS, n Carnal passions and appetites. 

t FLESH 'LING, n. A mortal set wholly upon the carnal 
state. 

FLESH'LY, a. 1. Pertaining to the flesh ; corporeal. 2. 
Carnal ; worldly ; lascivious. 3. Animal ; not vegeta- 
ble. 4. Human ; not celestial ; not spiritual or divine. 

FLESH'MeAT, n. Animal food ; the flesh of animals pre- 
pared or used for food. Swift. 

FLESH'MENT, n. Eagerness gained by a successful initia- 
tion. Shak. 

FLESH'M6N-GER, n. One who deals in flesh ; a procurer ; 
a pimp. [Little used.] Shak. 

FLESH'POr, n. A vessel in which flesh is cooked ; hence, 
plenty of provisions. Ex. xvi. 

t FLESH'aUAKE, n. A trembling of the flesh. 

FLESH'Y, a. 1. Full of flesh ; plump; musculous. 2. Fat; 
gross ; corpulent. 3. Corporeal. 4. Full of pulp ; pul^ 
pous; plump as fruit. 

FLET, pp. of fleet. Skimmed. Mortimer. 

FLETCH, v. t. [Fr.fleche.] To feather an arrow. 

FLETCH'EB, 71. [Fi\ fleche.] An arrow maker; a man- 
ufacturer of bows and arrows. Hence the name of 
Fletcher. 

FLETZ, a. [G. fl'otz.] In geology, the fletz formations, so 
called , consist of rocks which lie immediately over the tran- 
sition rocks. 

FLEUR DE LIS. See Flower de Lis. 

FLEW, pret. of fly. 

FLEW, n. The large chaps of a deep-mouthed hound. 

FLEWED, a. Chapped; mouthed; deep-mouthed. 

\ FLEX-AN'I-MOUS, a. Having power to change the mind. 

FLEX-I-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. The quality of admitting to be 
bent ; pliancy ; flexibleness. 2. Easiness to be persuad- 
ed ; the quality of yielding to arguments, persuasion or 
circumstances ; ductility of mind ; readiness to comply ; 
facility. 
FLEX'1-BLE, a. [L,.flexibilis.] 1. That may be bent ; ca- 
pable of being turned or forced from a straight line or form 
without breaking ; pliant ; yielding to pressure; not stiff; 

2. Capable of yielding to entreaties, arguments or other 
moral force ; that may be persuaded to compliance ; not 
invincibly rigid or obstinate ; not inexorable. 3. Duc- 
tile ; manageable ; tractable. 4. That may be turned or 
accommodated. 

FLEX'I-BLE-NESS, 71. 1. Possibility to be bent or turned 
from a straight line or form without breaking ; easiness 
to be bent ; pliantness; pliancy ; flexibility. 2. Facility 
of mi)id ; readiness to comply or yield ; obsequiousness. 

3. Ductility ; manageableness ; tractableness. 



FLEX'lLE, a. [L. flexilis.] Pliant ; pliable ; easily bent ; 

yielding to power, impulse or moral force. 
FLEX'ION, 71. [L. flexio.] 1. The act of bending. 2. A 

bending ; a part bent ; a fold. 3. A turn ; a cast. 
FLEX'OR, n. In anatomy, a muscle whose omce is to bend 

the part to which it belongs. 
FLEX'U-OUS, a, [h. flexuosus.] 1. Winding; having 
turns or windings. 2. Bending ; winding ; wavering ; 
not steady.— 3. In botany, bending or bent ; changing its 
direction in a curve. 
FLEX'URE, n. [L. fiexura.] 1. A winding or bending ; 
the form of bending. 2. The act of bending. 3. The part 
bent ; a joint. 4. The bending of the body ; obsequious or 
servile cringe. 
FLICK. See Fliich. 

FLICK'ER, V. i. [Sax. fliccerian.] 1. To flutter ; to flap the 
wings without flying ; to strike rapidly with the wings. 
2. To fluctuate 
FLICK'ER-ING, ppr. 1. Fluttermg; flapping the wings 
without flight. 2. a. With amorous motions of the 
eye. 
FLICK'ER-ING, ?i. A fluttering ; short irregular move- 
ments. 
FLICK'ER-MOUSE, n. The bat. B. Jonson. 
FLI'ER, n. 1. One that flies or flees. 2. A runaway ; a fu- 
gitive. 3. A part of a machine which, by moving rapidly, 
equalizes and regulates the motion of the whole. 
FLIGHT, (flite) n. [Sax. flikt.] 1. The act of fleeing ; the 
act of running away, to escape danger or expected evil . 
liasty departure. 2. The act of flying ; a passing through 
the air by the help of wings ; volitation. 3. The manner 
of flying. 4. Removal from place to place by flying. 5. 
A flock of birds flying in company. 6. A number of beings 
flying or moving through the air together. 7. A number of 
things passing through the air together ; a volley. 8. A 
periodical flying of birds in flocks. — 9. In England, the 
lairds produced in the same season. 10. The space passed 
by flying. 11. A mounting ; a soaring ; lofty elevation 
and excursion. 12. Excursion ; wandering ; extravagant 
sally. 13. The power of flying. — 14. In certain lead workSf 
a substance that flies off in smoke. — Flight of stairs, the 
series of stairs from the floor, or from one platform to an- 
other. 
t FLiGHT'ED, a. Taking flight ; flying. 
FLlGHT'I-NESS, 71. The state of being flighty ; wildness ; 

slight delirium. 
FLiGHT'-SHOT, n. The distance which an arrow flies. 
FLiGHT'Y, a. 1. Fleeting ; swift. 2. Wild ; indulging the 
sallies of imagination. 3. Disordered in mind ; some 
what delirious. 
FLIM'FLAM, 71. [Ice.jftm.] A freak ; a trick. 
FLIM'SI-NESS, 71. State or quality of being flimsy ; thin, 

weak texture ; weakness ; want of solidity. 
FLIM'SY, a. [W. llymsi.] 1. Weak ; feeble ; slight; vain ; 
without strength or solid sub«tance. 2. Without strength 
or force ; spiritless. 3. Thiii ; of loose texture. 
FLINCH, V. i. 1. To shrink ; to withdraw from ; to fail of 

proceeding, or of performing any thing. 2. To fail. 
FLINCH'ER, n. One who flinches or fails. 
FLINCH'ING, ppr. Failmg to undertake, perform or pro- 
ceed ; shrinking ; withdrawing. 
FLIN'DER, 71. [D. flenter.] A small piece or splinter ; a 

fragment. JVew England. 
FLIN'DER-MOUSE, n. A bat. Oooffe. 
FLING, V. t. ; pret. and j)^. flung. [Ir. lingim.] 1. To cast, 
send or throw from the hand ; to hurl. 2. To dart ; to 
cast with violence ; to send forth. 3. To send forth ; to 
emit ; to scatter. 4. To throw ; to drive by violence. 
5. To throw to the ground ; to prostrate. 6. To baffle; to 
defeat. — To fling aioay, to reject; to discard. — To fling 
down. 1 . To demolish ; to ruin. 2. To throw to the ground. 
— To fling off, to baffle in the chase ; to defeat of prey. — 
To fling out, to utter ; to speak. — To fling in, to throw in ; 
to make an allowance or deduction. — To fling open, to 
throw open ; to open suddenly or with violence. — To fling 
up, to relinquish ; to abandon. 
FLING, v.i. 1. To flounce ; to wince ; to fly into violent 
and irregular motions. 2. To cast in the teeth ; to \itter 
harsh language; to sneer; to upbraid. — To fling out, to 
grow unruly or outrageous. 
FLING, n. 1. A tlirow , a cast from the hand. 2. A gibe ; 
a sneer ; a sarcasm ; a severe or contemptuous re- 
mark. 
FLING'ER, n. One who flings ; one who jeers. 
FLTNG'ING, ppr. Throwing ; casting ; jeering. 
FLINT, 7i. [Sax. flint.] 1. In natural history, a suh-speclvs 
of quartz. It is amorphous, interspersed in other stones, 
or in nodules or rounded lumps. Its surface is general- 
ly uneven, and covered with a rind or crust, is verj 
hard, and strikes fire with steel. 2. A piece of this slone 
used in firearms to strike fire. 3. Any thing proverbially 
hard. 

FLINT'-HEART-ED i ''■ having a hard, unfeeling heart. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— Bl^ILL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S 33 Z j CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete, 



FLO 



346 



FLO 



fLINTT, a. 1. Consisting of flint. 2. Like flint ; very 
hard ; not impressible. 3. Cruel ; unmerciful ; inexorable. 
4. Full of flint-stones. 

FLIP, n. A mixed liquor consisting of beer and spirit 
sweetened. 

FLIP'DOG, n. An iron used, when heated, to warm flip. 

FLIP'FAJST-CY, v. Smoothness and rapidity of speech j vol- 
ubility of tongue ; fluency of speech. 

fLIP'PANT, a. [W. llipanu.] ]. Of smooth, fluent and 
rapid speech ; speaking with ease and rapidity ; having a 
voluble tongue ; talkative. 2. Pert ; petulant ; waggish. 

FLTP'PANT-LY, adv. Fluently ; with ease and volubility 

of SDCCCtl 

FLIP'PANT-NESS, n. Fluency of speech ; volubUity of 
tongue J flippancy. 

FLIRE. See Fleer. 

FLIRT, ?j. t. [qu. Sax. fleardian.] 1. To throw with a 
jerk or sudden effort or exertion. 2. To toss or throw ; 
to move suddenly. 

FLiRT, V i. 1. To jeer or gibe ; to throw out harsh or sar- 
castic words. 2. To run and dart about ; to be moving has- 
tily from place to place ; to be unsteady or fluttering. 

FLtRT, 71. 1. A sudden jerk ; a quick tlnrow or cast ; a dart- 
ing motion. 2. A young girl who moves hastily or fre- 
quently from place to place ; a pert girl. 

FLiRT, a. Pert ; wanton. Shak. 

FLtR-TA'TION, 7i. 1. A flirting ; a quick, sprightly motion. 
2. Desire of attracting notice ; [a cant word.] 

FLiRT'ED, pp. Thrown with a sudden jerk. 

FLiRT'I-GIG, n. A wanton, pert girl, arose. 

FLiRT'ING, ppr. Throwing ; jerking ; tossing ; darting 
about ; rambling and changing place hastily. 

FLIT, V. i. [D. vlieden ; Sw. Jiyta.] 1. To fly away with a 
rapid motion ; to dart along ; to move with celerity through 
the air. 2. To flutter ; to rove on the wing. 3. To remove ; 
to migrate ; to pass rapidly, as a light substance, from 
one place to another. — 4. In Scotland, to remove from one 
habitation to another. 5. To be unstable ; to be easily or 
often moved. 

t FLIT, a. Nimble ; quick ; swift. See Fleet. 

FLITCH, n. [Sax. fiicce.] The side of a hog salted and 
cured. Swift. 

FLITF, v.i. [Sax. fiytan.] To scold. Grose. 

FLIT'TER, V. i. To flutter, which see. Chaucer. 

FLIT'TER, n. A rag ; a tatter. See Fritter. 

FLIT'TER-MOUSE, n. A bat. 

FLIT'TI-NESS, n. Unsteadiness ; levity ; lightness. 

FLIT'TING, ppr. Flying rapidly ; fluttering. 

FLIT'TING, n. A flying with celerity ; a fluttermg. 

FLIT'TY, a. Unstable ; fluttering. More. 

t FLIX, 71. [qu. from jftaz.] Down; fur. Dryden. 

FLIX'WEED, 7!. A species of water-cresses. 

FLIX'WOOD, 71. A plant. 

t FLO, 71. An arrow. Chaucer. 

FLOAT, n. [Sax.fiota.] 1. That Which swims or is borne 
on water ; a body or collection of timber, boards or planks 
fastened together and conveyed down a stream ; a raft. 
2. The cork or quill used on an angling line, to support it 
and discover the bite of a fish. 3. The act of flowing; 
flux; flood; [obs.] 4. A quantity of earth, eighteen feet 
sqjaare and one deep. 5. [Fr.Jiot.] A wave. 

FLoAT, v.i. [SvLX.fieotanjflotaa.] I. To be borne or sus- 
tained on the surface of a fluid ; to swim ; to be buoyed 
up; not to sink ; not to be aground. 2. To move or be 
conveyed on water ; to swim. 3. To be buoyed up and 
moved or conveyed in a fluid, as in air. 4. To move 
with a light irregular course. 

FLoAT, V. t. 1. To cause to pass by swimming ; to cause 
to be conveyed on water. 2. To flood ; to inundate ; to 
overflow; to cover with water. 

FLoAT'AGE, v. Any thing that floats on the water. 

FLoAT'-BoARD, n. A board of a water-wheel. 

FLoAT'ED, pp. 1. Flooded; overflowed. 2. Borne on 
water. 

FLoAT'ER, 71. One that floats or swims. Eusden. 

FLoAT'ING, ppr. 1. Swimming; conveying on water: 
overflowing. 2. Lying flat on the surface of the water. 

FLOAT'ING-BRIDGE, v. 1. In the United States, a bridge, 
consisting of logs or timber with a floor of plank, support- 
ed wholly by the water. — 2. In tear, a kind of double 
bridge, used for carrying troops over narrow moats. 

FLoAT'STOXE, n. Swimming flint, spungiform quartz, 
a mineral of a spungy texture. 

FLoAT'Y, a. Buoyant; swimming on the surface ; light. 

FLOCCU-LENCE, n. [1.. flocculus.] The state of being in 
locks or flocks ; adhesion in small flakes. 

FLO€'CU-LENT, a. Coalescing and adhering in locks or 
flakes. 

FLOCK, n. [Sax. ^oce.] 1. A company or collection ; ap- 
plied to sheep and other small anivials 2. A company or 
collection of fowls of any kind, and, when applied to birds 
on the wing, a flight. 3. A body or crowd of people; 
[little used.] 4. A lock of wool or hair. 

FLOCK, r t To gather in companies or crowds. 



FLOCK ING, ppr. Collecting or running together. 

t FLOCK'LYj adv. In a body ; in a heap. Huloet 

FLOG, V. t. [L. fiigo.] To beat or strike with a rod of 
whip; to whip ; to lash ; to chastise with repeated blows. 

FLOGGED, pp^ Whipped or scourged for punishment 5 
chastised. 

FLOG'GING, ppr. Whippmg for punishment ; chastising. 

FLOG'GING, 71. A whipping for punishment. 

f FLONG, old part. pass, itoai fling. 

FLOOD, (.flud) 71. [Sax.^od.] 1. A great flow of water ; a 
body of moving water; a body of water, rising, swelling 
and overflowing land not usually covered with water. 
2. The flood, by way of eminence, the deluge ; the great 
body of water which inundated the earth in the days of 
Noah. 3. A river : a sense chiefly poetical. 4. The flow- 
ing of the tide ; the semi-diurnal swell or rise of water in 
the ocean ; opposed to ebb. 5. A great quantity ; an in- 
undation ; an overflowing ; abundance ; superabundance. 
6. A great body or stream of any fluid substance. 7. 
Menstrual discharge. 

FL60D, V. t. To overflow ; to inundate ; to deluge. 

FLoOD'ED, pp. Overflowed; inundated. 

FLoOD'GATE, n. I. A gate to be opened for letting water 
flow through, or to be shut to prevent it. 2. An opening 
or passage ; an avenue for a flood or great body. 

FLoOD'ING, ppr. Overflowing ; inundating. 

FLoOiyiNG, n. Any preternatural discharge of blood from 
the uterus. 

FLoOD'-MaRK, n. The mark or line to which the tide 
rises ; high-water mark. 

FLOOK. See Fluke, the usual orthography. 

FLOOK'ING, n. In mining, an interruption or shifting of a 
load of ore, by a cross vein or fissure. 

FLOOR, (flore) n. [Sax.flor,flore.] 1. That part of a build- 
ing or room on which we walk. 2. A platform of boards 
or planks laid on timbers. 3. A story in a building. 4. 
The bottom of a ship, or that part which is nearly hori- 
zontal. 

FLoOR, V. t. To lay a floor ; to cover timbers with a floor ; 
tofurnish with a floor. 

FLOORED, pp. Covered with boards, plank or pavement j 
fujnished with a floor. 

FLoOR'ING, ppr Laying a floor ; furnishing with a floor. 

FLoOR'ING, n. 1. A platform ; the bottom of a room or 
building ; pavement. 2. Materials for floors. 

FLoOR'-TIM-BERS, n. The timbers on which a floor is 
laid. 

FLOP, V. t. [a different spelling of flap.] 1. To clap 01 
strike the wings. 2. To let down the bnm of a hat. 

FLo'RA, 71. 1. In antiquity, the goddess of flowers.— 2. In 
modern usage, a catalogue or account of flowers or plants. 

FLo'RAL, a. [L. floralis.] 1. Containing the flower ; im- 
mediately attending the flower. 2. Pertaining to Flora 
or to flowers. 

FLOR'EN, ) 7j. An ancient gold coin of Edward III., of 

FLOR'ENCE, \ six shillings sterling value. 

FLOR'ENCE, n. 1. A kind of cloth. 2. A kind of wine 
from Florence, in Italy. 

FLOR'EN-TINE, n. I. A native of Florence. 2. A kind 
of silk cloth, so called. 

FLO-RES'CENCE, n. [L.florescens.] In botany, the sea- 
son when plants expand their flowers. 

FLo'RET, n. [Fr.fleurette.] A little flower; the partial or 
separate little flower of an aggregate flower. 

FLo'RI-AGE, n. [Fr.^07^'.] Bloom; blossom. J.Scott. 

FLOR'ID, a. [Ij.floridus.] 1. Literally, fiowery ; covered 

^ or abounding with flowers. 2. Bright in color ; flushed 
with red ; of a lively red color. 3. Embellished with 
flowers of rhetoric ; enriched with lively figures ; splen- 
did ; brilliant. 

FLO-RID'I-TY, n. Freshness or brightness of color ; florid 
ness. 

FLOR'ID-LY, adv. In a showy and imposing way. A. 
Wood. 

FLOR'ID-NESS, n. 1. Brightness or freshness of color or 
complexion. 2. Vigor; spirit. 3. Embellishment; bril- 
liant ornaments ; ambitious elegance. 

FLO-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [Jj.florifer.] Producing flowers. 

FLOR-I-FI-Ca'TION, 71. The act or time of flowering. 

FLOR'IN, n. [Ft. florin ; It. fiorino.] A coin, originally 
made at Florence. 

FLo'RIST, n. [Fr.fleuriste.] 1. A cultivator of flowers; 
one skilled in flowers. 2. One who writes a flora, or an 
account of plants. 

t FLOR'U-LENT, a. Flowery; blossoming. 

FLOS'CU-LAR, or FLOS'CU-LOUS, a. In botany, a flos- 
culous flower is a compound flower, composed of flo- 
rets. 

FLOS'CULE, n. [L. floscnlus.] In botany, a partial or lesser 
floret of an aggregate flower. 

FLOS FER-RI, 7t. [L.] A mineral, a Variety of arragonite, 
called coralloidal arragonite. 

FLOSS, n. [L. flos.] A downy or silky substance in the 
husks of certain plants. Tooke. 



.See Synopsis. A, E, J, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, F^LL, WH^T ;— PREY ,-PlN, MARINE, BIRD j— t Obsolete. 



FLO 



347 



FLU 



FLOS-SI-FI-€a'TION, n. A flowering ; expansion of flow- 
ers. [JVo'ueZ.] Med. Repos. 

FLO'TA, n. [Sp.] A fleet ; but appropriately, a fleet of 
Spanish ships which formerly sailed every year from 
Cadiz to Vera Cruz. 

FLoT'AfiE, n. , [Fr. flottage.] That which floats on the 
sea, or on rivers. [Little used.] 

t FLOTE, V. t. To skim. Tusser. 

FLO-TIL'LA, n. [dim. of flota.] A little fleet, or fleet of 
small vessels. 

FLOT'SAM, I n. Goods lost by shipwreck, and floating on 

FLOT'SON, \ the sea. 

t FLOT'TEN, pp. Skimmed. 

FLOUNCE, (flouns) v. i. [D. plonssen.] 1 To throw the 
limbs and body one way and the other ; to spring, turn or 
twist with sudden effort or violence ; to struggle as a horse 
in mire. 2. To move with jerks or agitation. 

FLOUNCE, V. t. To deck with a flounce. 

FLOUNCE, n. A narrow piepe of cloth sewed to a petti- 
coat, frock or gown, with the lower border loose and 
spreading. 

FLOUN'DER, 71. [Sw.flundra.] A flat fish. 

FLOUN'DER, v. i. To fling the limbs and body, as in 
making efforts to move ; to struggle, as a horse in the 
mire ; to roll, toss and tumble. 

FLOUN'DER-ING, ppr. Making irregular motions j strug- 
gling with violence. 

FLOUR, n. [originally^ower; Fr.^ewr.] The edible part 
of corn J meal. 

FLOUR, V. t. [Sp.florear.] 1. To grind and bolt ; to convert 
into flour. 2. To sprinkle with flour. 

FLOURED, pp. Converted into flour j sprinkled with 
flour. 

FLOUR'ING, ppr. Converting into flour ; sprinkling with 
flour. 

FLoUR'ISH, (flur'ish) v.i. [L.floresco.] 1. To thrive ; to 
grow luxuriantly ; to increase and enlarge, as a healthy, 
growing plant. 2. To be prosperous; to increase in 
wealtli or honor. 3. To grow in grace and in good 
works ; to abound in the consolations of religion. 4. To 
be in a prosperous state ; to grow or be augmented. 5. 
To use florid language ; to make a display of figures and 
lofty expressions ; to be copious and flowery. 6. To make 
bold strokes in writing; to make large and irregular lines. 
7. To move or play in bold and irregular figures. — 8. In 
music, to play with bold and irregular notes, or without 
settled form. 9. To boast ; to vaunt ; to brag. 

FLoUR'ISH, (flur'ish) v. t. 1. To adorn with flowers or 
beautiful figures, either natural or artificial ; to ornament 
with any thing showy. 2. To spread cut ; to enlarge into 
figures. 3. To move in bold or irregular figures ; to move 
in circles or vibrations by way of show or triumph ; to 
brandish. 4. To embellish with the flowers of diction ; 
to adorn with rhetorical figures ; to grace with ostenta- 
tious eloquence ; to set off with a parade of words. 5. To 
advitin ; to embellish. Shak. 6. To mark with a flourish 
or irregular stroke. 

FLoUR'ISH, (flur'ish) n. 1. Beauty ; showy splendor. 2. 
Ostentatious embellishment ; ambitious copiousness or am- 
plification ; parade of words and figures ; show. 3. Fig- 
ures formed by bold, irregular lines, or fanciful strokes of 
the pen or graver. 4. A brandishing ; the waving of a 
weapon or other thing. 

FLoUR'ISHED, (flur'isht) pp. Embellished; adorned with 
bold and irregular figures or lines ; brandished. 

FL6UR'ISH-ER, (flur'isli-er) n. 1. One who flourishes; 
one who thrives or prospers. 2. One who brandishes, 
3. One who adorns with fanciful figures. 

FLoUR'ISH-ING, (flur'ish-ing) ppr. or a. Thriving ; pros- 
perous ; increasing ; making a show. 

FL6UR'ISH-ING-LY, (flur ish-ing-ly) adv. Witli flour- 
ishes ; ostentatiously. 

FLOUT, V. t. [Scot, flyte.] To mock or insult ; to treat 
with contempt. Walton. 

FLOUT, V. i. To practice mocking ; to sneer ; to behave 
with contempt. 

FLOUT, n. A mock ; an insult. 

FLOUT'ED, pp. Mocked ; treated with contempt. 

FLOUT'ER, n. One who flouts and flings ; a mocker. 

FLOUT'ING, ppr. Mocking ; insulting ; fleering. 

FLOUT'ING-LY, adv. With flouting ; insultingly. 

PliOW,v.i. [Sax. flojoan.] 1. To move along an inclined 
plane, or on descending ground, by the operation of grav- 
ity, and with a continual change of place among the par- 
ticles or parts, as a fluid. 2. To melt ; to become liquid. 
3. To proceed; to issue. 4. To abound; to have in 
abundance. 5. To be full ; to be copious ; as, fioicmg cups 
or goblets. 6. To glide along smoothly, without harsh- 
ness or asperity. 7. To be smooth, as composition or 
utterance. 8. To hang loose and waving. 9, To rise, as 
the tide ; opposed to ebb. 10. To move in the arteries 
and veins of the body; to circulate, as blood. 11. To 
issue, as ray i>r beams of light. 12. To move in a stream, 
as air. 



FL5W, V. t. To cover with water; to overflow ; tointin 
date 

FLoW, 71. 1. A stream of water or other fluid ; a current 
2. A current of water with a swell or rise. 3. A stream 
of any thing. 4. Abundance ; copiousness with action. 
5. A stream of diction, denoting abundance of words at 
command, and facility of speaking ; volubuity. 6. Free 
expression or communication of generous feelings and 
sentiments. 

FLOWED, pp. Overflowed ; inundated. 

FLOWER, n. [Fr. fieur ; Sp.fior.] 1. In botany, that part 
of a plant which contains the organs of fructification, with 
their coverings — 2. In vulgar acceptation, a blossom or 
flower is the flower-bud of a plant, when the petals are 
expanded. 3. The early part of life, or rather of man- 
hood ; the prime : youthful vigor ; youth. 4. The best or 
finest part of a thing ; the most valuable part. 5. The 
finest part ; the essence. 6. He or that which is most 
distinguished for any thing valuable. 7. The finest part 
of grain pulverized. In this sense, it is new always 
written flour, which see. — Flowers. 1. In rhetoric, fig- 
ures and ornaments of discourse or composition. 2. Men- 
strual discharges. 

FLOWER, V. i. 1. To blossom; to bloom ; to expand the 
petals, as a plant. 2. To be in the prime and spring of 
life ; to flourish ; to be youthful, fresh and vigorous. 3. 
To froth; to ferment gently; to mantle, as new beer. 
4. To come as cream from the surface. 

FLOWER, V. t. To embellish with figures of flowers ; to 
adorn with imitated flowers. 

FLOWER-AGE, n. Store of flowers. Diet. 

FLOWER-DE-LIS, n. [Fr.fleiir de lis.] 1. In heraldry, 3 
bearing representing a lily, the hieroglyphic of royal ma 
jesty. — 2. In botany, the iris, a genus of monogynian tri- 
anders, called, also, flag-flower, and often written, incor- 
rectlv , flower-de-luce. 

FLOW'ERED, pp. Embellished with figures of flowers. 

FLOW'ER-ET, 71. [Fr. fieur ette.] A small flower; a floret 
Dryden. 

FLOWER-FENCE, n. The name of certain plants. 

FLOWER-GAR-DEN, n. A garden in which flowers are 
chiefly cultivated. 

FLOWER-GEN-TLE, n. A plant, the amaranth. 

FLOWER-I-NESS, n. 1. The state of being flowery, or 
of abounding with flowers. 2. Floridness of speech : 
abundance of figures. 

FLOWER-ING, ppr. 1. Blossoming; blooming; expand- 
ing the petals, as plants. 2. Adorning with artificial 
flowers, or figures of blossoms. 

FLOWER-ING, n. 1. The season when plants btesom. 
2. Tlie act of adorning with flowers. 

FLOWER-ING-BUSH, n. A plant. 

FL0WER-IN-W6'VEN, a. Adorned with flowers. 

FLOWER-KiR-TLED, a. Dressed with garlands of flow- 
ers. Milton^ 

FLOWER-LESS, a. Having no flower. Chaucer. 

FLOWER-STALK, n. In botany, the peduncle of a plant 
or the stem that supports the flower. 

FLOWER-Y, a. 1. Full of flowers ; abounding with blos- 
soms. 2. Adorned with artificial flowers, or the figures 
of blossoms. 3. Richly embellished with figurative lan- 
guage ; florid. 

FLOWING, ppr. Moving as a fluid ; issuing; proceeding; 
abounding ; smooth, as style ; inundating. 

FLOWING, n. The act of running or moving as a fluid ; 
an issuing ; an overflowing ; rise of water. 

FLoWING-LY, adv. With volubility ; with abundance. 

FLoWING-NESS, n. Smoothness of diction ; stream of 
diction. Mchols. 

FLOWK, or FLUKE, n. [Sax.^c] A flounder. Carew. 

FLOWK'WoRT, 71. A plant. 

FLoWN, pp. of fly. 

FLu'ATE, 71. In chemistry, a salt formed by the fluoric 
acid combined with a base. 

FLUC'TU-ANT, «. [h.flactuans.] Moving like a wave ; 
wavering ; unsteady. UEstrange. 

FLU€'TU-ATE, v. i. [L.fiuctuo.] 1. To move as a wave ; 
to roll hither and thither; to wave. 2. To float back- 
ward and forward, as on waves. 3. To move now in 
one direction and now in another ; to be wavering or un- 
steady. 4. To be irresolute or undetermined. 5. To rise 
and fall ; to be in an unsettled state ; to experience sud- 
den vicissitudes. 

FLU€'TU-A-TING, ppr. ]. Wavering ; rofling as a wave ; 
moving in this and that direction ; rising and falling. 
2. a. Unsteady ; wavering ; changeable. 

FLU€-TU-A'TION, n. [L. fluctuatio.] ]. A motion like 
that of waves ; a moving in this and that direction. 2. A 
wavering unsteadiness. 3. A rising and falling suddenly. 

FLUD'ER, or FLUD'DER, n. An aquatic fowl of the divei 
kind, nearly as large as a goose. 

FLuE, n. A passage for smoke in a chimney. 

FLuE, M. [G.flaum; Ti.pluma.] Soft; down or fur ; very 
fine hair. [Local.] Toolce. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, DOVE ;— BjJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete, 



FLJ 



348 



FLY 



FLU-EL'LEN, n. ITie female speedwell, a plant. 

t FLD'ENCE, for fluency. 

FLU-'EN-CY, 71. [L. fiuens.] 1. The quality of flowing, 
applied to speech or language ; smootlmess ; freedom from 
harshness. 2. Readiness of utterance ; facUity of words j 
volubility. 3. Affluence ; abundance ; [obs.] 

FLU'ENT, a. 1. Liquid ; flowing. 2. Flowing ; passing. 
3. Ready in the use of words ; voluble ; copious ; having 
words at command, and uttering them with facility and 
smoothness. 4. Flowing 5 voluble ; smooth. 

FLu'ENT, 71. 1. A stream; a current of water; [little 
used.] 2. The variable or flowing quantity in fluxions, 

FLU'ENT-LY, adv. With ready flow ; volubly ; without 
hesitation or obstruction. 

FLtJ'GEL-MAN, 71. [G.] In German, the leader of a file. 
But with us, a soldier who stands on the wing of a body 
of men, and gives the time for the motions. 

FLu'ID, a. [L. Jiuidus.j Having parts which easily move 
and change their relative position without separation, and 
which easily yield to pressure ; that may flow ; liquid, as 
water, spirit, air. 

FLu'ID, 7*. Any substance whose parts easily move and 
change their relative position without separation, and 
which yields to the slichtest pressure. 

Pi,U-ID I TY, v.. The quality of being capable of flowing ; 
that quality of bodies which renders them impressible to 
the Slightest force, and by which the parts easily move or 
change their relative position without a separation of the 
mass ; a liquid state. 

FLtJlD-NESS, n. The state of being fluid ; fluidity, which 
see. 

FLUKE, n. The part of an anchor which fastens in the 
ground. 

FLUKE, or FLOVVK, n. A flounder. 

FLuKE'-WoRM, n. The gourd-worm, a species of fasciola. 

FLUME, n. [Sax. flum.] The passage or channel for tlie 
water that drives a mUI-wheel. 

FLUM'MER-Y, 71. [W. llymry.] 1. A sort of jelly made of 
flour or meal ; pap. — 2. In vulgar use, any thing insipid 
or nothing to the purpose ; flattery. 

FLUNG, preJ. and pp. of fling. 

FLU-O-Bo'RATE, 74. A compound of fluoboric acid with a 
base. 

FLU-0-Bo'RI€, a. The fluoboric acid or gas is a compound 
of fluorine and boron. Daw. 

FLU'OR, 7i. [Low L.] ]. A fluid state. 2. Menstrual flux. 
— 3. In mineralogy, fluate of lime. 

FLu'OR-AC-ID, n. The acid of fluor. 

FLu'OR-A-TED, a. Combined v/ith fluoric acid. 

FLU-OR'I€, a. Pertaining to fluor. 

FliUOR-IN, ) n. The supposed basis of fluoric acid. 

FLtf'OR-IXE, J Davy. 

FLu'OR-OUS, a. The fluorous acid is the acid of fluor in 
its first degree of oxygenation. 

FLU-0-SIL I-CATE, n. In chemistry, a compound of flu- 
oric acid, with some other substance. Silliman. 

FLU-0-SI-LIC'I€, a. Composed of or containing fluoric 
acid with silex. 

FLUR. See Flurry. 

FLUR RY, 71. ]. A sudden blast or gust ; or a light, tempo- 
raiy breeze. 2. A sudden shower of short duration. 3. 
Agitation ; commotion ; bustle ; hurry. 

FLUR'RY, V. t. To put in agitation ; to excite or alann. 

FLUSH, V. i. [G. fliessen.] 1. To flow and spread suddenly ; 
to rush. 2. To come in haste ; to start. 3. To appear 
suddenly, as redness or a blush. 4. To become suddenly 
red ; to glov/. 5. To be gay, splendid or beautiful. 

FLUSH, V. t. 1. To redden "suddenly ; to cause tiie blood 
to rush suddenly into the nice. 2. To elate : to elevate ; 
to excite the spirits ; to animate with joy. 

FLUSH, a. 1. Fresh; full of vigor ; glowing; bright. 2. 
Affluent ; abounding ; v/ell furnished. 3. Free to spend ; 
liberal ; prodigal. 

FLUSH, n. 1. A sudden flow of blood to the face : or, more 
generally, the redness of face which proceeds from such 
an afflux of blood. 2. Sudden impulse or excitement ; 
sudden glow. 3. Bloom ; growtli ; abundance. 4. [Fr., 
Sp. fluz.] A run of cards of tlie same suit. 5. A term for 
a number of ducks. Spenser. 

FliUSHED, pp. 1. Overspread or tinged with a red color 
from the flowing of blood to the face. 2. Elated ; ex- 
cited ; animated. 

FLUSH'ER, n. The lesser butcher-bird. 

FLUSH'ING, ppr. Overspreading with red ; glowing 

FLTJSH'ING, n. A glow of red in the face. 

FLUSH'XESS, 7i. Freshness. Bp. Gauden. 

FLUS'TER, V. t. To make hot and rosy, as with drinking ; 
to heat ; to hurry ; to agitate ; to confuse. 

FLUS'TER, V. i. To be in a heat or bustle ; to be agitated. 

FLUS'TER, n. Heat ; glow ; agitation ; confusion ; disorder. 

FLUS'TERED, pp. Heated with liquor ; agitated ; confused. 

FLUTE, 71. [Fr. flUte.] 1. A small wind instrument ; a 
pipe with lateral holes or stops, played by blowing with 
the mouth, and by stopping and opening the holes with 



the fingers. 2. A cliarmel in a column or pillar , a perpeii 
dicular furrow or cavity, cut along the shaft of a coluniR 
or pilaster. 3. A long vessel or boat, with flat ribs 01 
floor timbers. 

FLUTE, V. i. To play on a flute. Chaucer. 

FLUTE, V. t. To form flutes or channels in a column. 

FLuT'ED, pp. or a. 1. Channeled ; furrowed. — ^2. In m.usvc 
thin ; fine ; flutelike. Busby. 

FLuT'ER, 71. One who plays on the flute. Chaucer. 

FLuT'ING, ppr. Channeling ; cutting furrows ; as in a 
column. 

FLuT'ING, 71. A channel or furrow in a column ; fluted 
work. 

FLtJT'IST, 71. A performer on the flute. Busby. 

FLUT'TER, V. i. [Sax. floteran.'] 1. To move or flap the 
wings rapidly, without flying, or with short flights ; to 
hover. 2. To move about briskly, irregularly or with 
great bustle and show, without consequence. 3. To move 
with quick vibrations or undulations. 4. To be in agita- 
tion ; to move iiTegularly ; to fluctuate ; to be in imcer- 
taintv. 

FLUT'TER, V. I. 1. To drive in disorder. 2. To hurry 
the mind ; to agitate. 3. To disorder ; to throw into 
confusion. 

FLUT'TER, n. 1. Q,uick and irregular motion ; vibration ; 
undulation. 2. HuiTy ; tumult ; agitation of the mind 
3. Confusion ; disorder ; irregularity in position. 

FLUT'TERED, pp. Agitated ; confused ; disordered. 

FLUT'TER-TXG, p;>r. Flapping the wings without flight 
or With short flights ; hovering ; agitating. 

FLUT'TER-ING, n. The act of hovering, or flapping the 
wines without flight ; a wavering ; agitation. 

FLU-VI-AT'I€, \ a. [L. fluviaticus.] Belonging to rivere ; 

FLU'VI-AL, ) growing or living in streams or ponds. 

FLu'VI-A-TILE, a. [L. fluviatilis.] Belonging to rivers. 
Kir7can. 

FLUX, n. [L.fluxus.] I. The act of flowing ; the motion 
or passing of a fluid. 2. The moving or passing of any 
thing in continued succession. 3. Any flow or issue of 
matter. — In medicine, an extraordinary issue or evacua- 
tion. — 4. In hydrography, the flow of the tide. — 5. In 
metanurrry, any substance or mixture used to promote the 
fusion of metals or minerals. 6. Fusion ; a liquid stale 
from the operation of heat. 7. That which flows or is 
discharged. 8. Concourse ; confluence ; [little used.] 

FLUX, a. Flowing; moving; maintained by a constant 
succession of parts 3 mconstant ; variable. [JVot well au- 
thorized.'] 

FLUX, V. t. 1. To melt ; to fuse ; to make fluid. 2. To 
salivate ; [little used.] So^ith. 

FLUX-A'TION, 71. A flowing or passing away, and giving 
place to others. Leslie. 

FLUXED, pp. Melted ; fused ; reduced to a flowing state. 

FLUX-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of admitting fusion. 

FLUX'T-BLE, a. Capable of being melted or fused. 

FLUX-IL'I-TY, 7). [Low L. fluxilis.] The quality of ad- 
mitting fusion ; possibility of being fused or liquefied. 

FLUX'ION, 7!. [L.fluxio.] I. The act of flowing. 2. The 
matter that flows. — 3. Fluxions, in mathematics, the analy- 
sis of infinitely small variable quantities, or a method of 
finding an infinitely small quantity, which being taken an 
infinite number of times, becomes equal to aquantity given. 

FLUX'IOX-A-RY, a. Pertaining to matliematical fluxions. 

FLUX'ION-IST, n. One skilled^'in fluxions. Berkeley. 

t FLUX'IVE, a. Flowing ; wanting solidity. B. Jonson. 

t FLUX'URE, 71. A flowing or fluid matter. Draytoji. 

FLY, V. i. ; pret. fleio : part, flown. [Sax.flvcogan.] 1. To 
move through an- by the aid of wings, as fowls. 2. To 
pass or move in air, by the force of wind or other impulse. 
3. To rise in air. 4. To move or pass with velocity or 
celerity, either on land or water. 5. To move rapidly, in 
any manner. 6. To pass away ; to depart ; with the idea 
of "haste, swiftness or escape. 7. To pass rapidly, as time. 
Swift ^7/ the fleeting hours. 8. To part suddenly or with 
violence ; to burst, as a bottle. 9. To spring by an elastic 
force. 10. To pass swiftly, as rumor or report. 11. To 
flee ; to run away ; to attempt to escape ; to escape. 12 
To flutter; to vibrate or play. 

TofliV at, to spring towards ; to rush on ; to fall on sudden- 
ly.— ^o/)/ in t/fe /ace. 1. To insult. 2. To assail ; to re- 
sist ; to set at defiance ; to oppose with violence ; to act 
in direct opposition. — 7'ofly off. 1. To separate or depart 
suddenly. 2. To revolt. — To fly open, to open suddenly 
or with violence. — To fly out. 1. To rush out ; also, to 
burst into a passion. 2. To break out into license. 3 
To start or issue with violence from any direction. — To 
let fly. 1. To discharge ; to throw or drive with violence. 
— 2. In seamanship, to let go suddenly. 

FL"?, V. t. 1. To shun ; to avoid ; to decline. 2. To quit 
by flight. 3. To attack by a bird of prey ; [obs.] 4. To 
cause to float in the air. 

FLY, 71. [Sax..^eoD-e.] 1. In zoology, a winged insect of 
various species. — 2. In mechanics, a cross with leaden 
weights at the ends. 3. That part of a vane whith points 



* See Synopsis A, E, I, O, U, Y, lo7ig.—FkB., FALL, WH^T ;— PRgY ;^PIN, MARiJfE, BiRD 3— f Obsolete 



FOE 



349 



Pol- 



and shows wLich way the wind blows. 4. The extent 
of an ensign, flag or pendant from the staff to the end that 
flutters loose in the wind. 
FLY'BANE, 72. A plant called catch-fly. 
FL-?'BIT-T£N, a. Marked by the bite of flies. Shak. 
FL'f'BLoW, V. t. To deposit an egg in any thing, as a fly 5 
to taint with the eggs which produce maggots. 

FL-?BLoW, n. The egg of a fly. 

FLY'BoAT, n. A large, flat-bottomed Dutch vessel. 
FIiY'€ATCH-ER, n. 1. One that hunts flies.— 2. In zoolo- 
gy, a genus of birds, the muscicapa. Encyc. 

FLy'ER, 71. 1. One that flies or flees ; usually written ^ier. 
2. One that uses wings. 3. The fly of a jack.— 4. In ar- 
chitecture, stairs that do not wind, but are made of an ob- 
long square figure. 5. A performer in Mexico, who flies 
round an elevated post. 

FLYFISH, V. i. To angle.with flies for bait. 

FLf'FISH-ING, 71. Anglmg; the. art of angling for fish 
with flies, natural or artificial, for bait. 

FLfFLAP, 7i. Something to drive away flies. Congreve. 

FLY-H6N'EY-SUe-KLE, n. A plant, the lonicera. 

FLt'ING, ppr. 1. Moving in air by means of wings ; pass- 
ing rapidly ; springing ; bursting ; avoiding. 2. a. Float- 
ing ; waving. 3. a. Aloving ; light, and suited for prompt 
mj)tion. — Flyinff colors, a phrase expressing triumph. 

FLY'ING-BRiDGE, 71. A bridge of pontoons ; also, a bridge 
composed of two boats. 

FL-f'ING-FISH, 71. A small fish which flies by means of 
its pectoral fins. It is of the genus exocmtus. 

FLY' [NG-PAR-TY , n. In military affairs, a detachment of 
men employed to hoyer about an enemy 

FLy'ING-PIN'ION, 71, The part of a clock, having a fly or 
faji, by which it gathers air. 

FLY'-TRAP, 71. In 6oi«7f7/, a species of sensitive plant. 

FLY'-TREE, 71. A tree whose leaves are said to produce 
flies, from a httle bag on the surface. 

FoAL, 71. [S'a.x. fola, fole.] The young of the equine ge- 
nus of quadrupeds, and of either sex ; a colt ; a filly. 

FoAL, v.t. To bring forth a colt or filly 5 to bring forth 
young, as a mare or a she-ass. 

FoAL, V. i. To bring forth young, as a mare and certain 
other beasts. 

FoAL-BIT, 71. A plant. 

FoAL'FOOT, 7!. The colt's-foot, tussilago. 

FoAM, 7!. [Sax. /(zm, /«;«.] Froth 5 spume; the substance 
which is formed on the surface of liquors by fermentation 
or violent agitation, consisting of bubbles. 

FoAM, V. i. 1. To froth ; to gather foam. 2. To be in a 
rage ; to be violently agitated. 

FoAM, 75. t. To throw out with rage or violence. 

FoAM'ING, ppr. Frothing ; fuming. 

FoAM'ING-LY, adv. Frothily. 

FoAM'Y, a. Covered with foam ; frothy. 

FOB, 77. [qu. G.fuppe.'] A little pocket for a watch. 

FOB, V. t. {Gr.foppen.] To cheat ; to trick ; to impose on. 
— To fob off, to shift ofi" by an artifice ; to put aside ; to 
delude with a trick. [j1 loio word.] Shak. 

FOBBED, pp. Cheated ; imposed on. 

FOB'BING, ppr. Cheating ; imposing on. 

FO'CAL, a. [li. focus.] Belonging to a focus. 

FC'CIL, 71. [FT.focile.] The greater focil is the ulna or 
tibia, the greater bone of the fore-arm or leg. The lesser 
focil is the radius or fibula, the lesser bone of the fore-arm 
or leg. 

t FOC-IL-La'TION, 7!. [-L.focUlo.] Comfort; support. 

Fo'€US, n. ; plu. Focuses, or Foci. [1,. focus.] 1. In 
optics, a point in which any number of rays of light meet, 
after being reflected or refracted.— 2. In geometry and 
conic sections, a certain point in the parabola, ellipsis and 
hyperbola, where rays reflected from all parts of these 
curves concur or meet. 3. A central point ; point of 
concentration. 

FOD'DER, 7(. [Sax. foddor, or f other.] 1. Food or dry food 
for cattle, horses and sheep, as hay, straw and other kinds 
of vegetables.— 2. In mining, a "measure containing 20 
hundred, or 22^ hundred. 

FOD'DER, V. t. To feed with dry food or cut grass, &c. ; to 
furnish with hay, straw, oats, fcc. 

FOD'DERED, pp. Fed with dry food, or cut grass. 

FOD'DER-ER, n. He who fodders cattle. 

FOD'DER-ING, ppr. Feeding with dry food, &c. 

Fo'DI-EJNTT, a. [L. fodio, to dig.] Digging ; throwing up 
with a spade. \ Little used.] 

FoE, (fo) 71. [Sax./a/i.] 1. An enemy ; one who entertains 
personal enmity, hatred, grudge or malice against another. 
2. An enemy in war ; one of a nation at war with another ; 
an adversary. 3. Foe, like enemy, in the singular, is used 
to denote an opposing army, or nation at war. 4. An op- 
ponent ; an enemy ; one who opposes any thing in princi- 
ple ; an ill-wisher. 

t FoE, V. t. To treat as an enemy. Spenser. 

T FoE'HQOD, 71. Enmity. BedelL 

FoE'LiK:^, a. Like an enemy. Sandys. 

t FoE'MAN, 71. An enemy in war. Spenser. 



FGE'TUS. See Fetps. 

FOG, 71. [It. sfogo.] 1. A dense, watery vaprr, exhaled 
from the earth, or from rivers and lakes, or generated in 
the atmasphere near the earth. 2. A cloud of dust or 
smoke. 

FOG, 7!. [W.fwg.] After-grass; a second growth of grass : 
but it signifies, also, long grass that remains on land. D'^ad 
grass, remaining on land during wmter, is ceilled, in J\'ew 
England, tl e old tore. 

FOG'r. «. To overcast ; to darken. Sherwood. 

FOG, V. i. [Fr. vogue.] To have power. Milton. 

FOG'BANK, n. At sea, an appearance, in hazy weather 
sometimes resembling land at a distance, but which van- 
ishes as it is approached. 

FOG'GAGE, 71. Rank grass not consumed or mowed in 
summer. Encyc. 

FOG'GI-LY, adv. Mistily ; darkly ; cloudily. 

FOGMI-NESS, 7?. The state of being foggy ; a state of the 
air filled with watery exhalations. 

FOG'GY, a. 1. Filled or abounding with fog or watery ex- 
halations. 2. Cloudy ; misty ; damp with humid vapors. 
3. Producing fiequent fogs. 4. Dull ; stupid 3 clouded in 
understanding. 

FOH, an exclamation of abhorrence or contempt ; the same 
as poh and fy. 

fFOI'BLE, a. Weak. Herbert. 

FOI'BLE, n. [Fr. foible.] A particular moral weakness ; a 
failing. 

FOIL, V. t. [In Norm, afolee.] 1. To frustrate ; to defeat ; 
to render vain or nugatory, as an eff"ort or attempt. 2. 
To blunt ; to dull. 3. To defeat ; to interrupt, or to ren- 
der imperceptible. 

FOIL, 71. Defeat ; frustration ; the failure of success when 
on the point of being secured ; miscarriage. 

FOIL, 7?. [W. ficyl.] A blunt sword, or one that has a but- 
ton at the end covered with leather ; 7i$ed in fencing. 

FOIL, H. [Fr. feuille: It. foglia.] 1. A leaf or thin plate of 
metal used in gilding. — 2. Among jewelers, a thin leaf of 
metal placed under precious stones, to make them appear 
transparent, and to give them a particular color. 3. Any 
thing of another color, or of diflfierent qualities, which 
serves to adorn, or set off" another thing to advantage. 4 
A thin coat of tin, with quicksilver, laid on the ba(k of a 
looking-glass, to cause reflection. 

FOIL'A-BLE, a. Which may be foiled. Cotgrave. 

FOILED, pp. Frustrated ; defeated. 

FOIL'ER, 7i. One who frustrates another, and gains an ad- 
vantage himself. 

FOIL'ING, p;^r. Defeating; frustrating; disappointing of 
success. 

FOIL'ING, 77. Among hunters, the slight mark of a passuig 
deer on the grass. Todd. 

FOIN, V. t. [Fr. poindre.] 1. To push in fencing. Spenser 
2. To prick ; to sting ; [not in use.] 

FOIN, V. i. [Fr. poindre.] To push in fencing. Spenser 

FOIN. n. A push ; a thrust. Robinson. 

FOIN'ING, ppr. Pushing ; thrusting. 

FOIJV ING-LY, adv. In a pushing manner. 

tFOTS'ON, 7). [L.fiisio.] Plenty; abundance. 

FOIST, V. t. To insert surreptitiously, wrongfullj'^, or with 
out warrant. 

t FOIST, 72. A light and fast-sailing ship. Beaumont. 

FOIST, 7-. i. To stbik ; to be fusty. 

FOIST'EB, pp. Inserted wrongfully. 

FOIST'ER, n. One who inserts without authority. 

FOIST'IED, a. Mustied. See Fusty. 

FOIST'I-NESS, n. Fustiness, which see. 

FOIST'ING, ppr. Inserting surreptitiously or without au- 
thoritv. 

FOIST'Y, a. Fusty, which see. 

Fold, 77. [Sax. fald, falde.] 1. A pen or inclosure for 
slieep ; a place where a flock of sheep is kept, whether in 
the field or under shelter. 2. A flock of sheep. 3. A 
limit ; [not in use.] 

Fold, n. [Sax. feald.] 1. The doubling of any flexible 
substance, as cloth ; complication ; a plait ; one part turn- 
ed or bent and laid on another. — 2. In composition, the 
same quantity added ; as four-fold. 

Fold, v. t. [Sax. fealdan.] 1. To double ; to lap or lay in 
plaits. 2. To double and insert one part in another. 3. 
To double or lay together, as the arms. 4. To con^ue 
slieep in a fold. 

Fold, v. i. To close ower another of the same kind. 

FoLD'AGE, 71. The right of folding sheep. 

F^LD'ED, pp. Doubled ; laid in plaits ; kept in a fold. 

FoLD'ER, 7). ]. An instrument used in folding paper. 2. 
One that folds. 

Folding, jjpr. 1. Doubling; Ia3ang in plaits ; keeping in 
a fold. 2. a. Doubling ; that may close over another, or 
that consists of leaves whicli mav close one over another. 

FoLD'ING, 77. ]. A fold; a doubling.— 2. Among farmers, 
the keeping of sheep in inclosures. 

FO-LI-A'CEOUS, a. [L. foliaceus.] 1. Leafy; having 
leaves intermixed with flowers. 'Foliaceons glands are 



• See SynopxL" MOVE. BOQK, DOVE —PULL, UNITE— € as K ; ^ J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



FOL 



350 



FOG 



those situated on leaves. 2. Consisting of leaves or thin 
lamins ; having the form of a leaf or plate. 

Fo'LI-A6E, n. [Ft. feuUlage.j 1. Leaves in general. 2. 
A cluster of leaves, flowers and branches. 

Fg LI-AGE, V. t. To work or to form into the representa- 
tion of leaves. Drummond. 

Fo'LI-A6ED, a. Furnished with foliage. Shenstone. 

Fo'LI-ATE, V. t. [L. foiiatus.] 1. To beat into a leaf, or 
thin plate or lam in. 2. To spread over with a thin coat 
of tin and quicksilver, <fec. 

Fo'LI-ATE, a. In botany, leafy ; furnished with leaves. 

Fo'LI-A-TED, pp. 1. Spread or covered with a thin plate 
or foil. — 2. In mineralogy, consisting of plates ; resembling 
or in the form of a plate ; lamellar. 

Fo'LI-A-TING, ppr. Covering with a leaf or foil. 

FO-LI-A'TION, 71. [L. /oZiaiio.l 1. In botany, the leaMg 
of plants ; vernation 5 the disposition of the nascent 
leaves within the bud. 2. The act of beating a metal into 
u thin plate, leaf or foil. 3. The act or operation of spread- 
ing foil over the back side of a mnror or looking-glass. 

FO'LI-A-TUKE, n. The state of being beaten into foil. 

Fo'LI-ER, ?). Goldsmith's foil. 

FO-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. folium, leaf, and fero, to bear.] 
Producing leaves. 

Fo'LI-0, n. [L. folium.] 1. A book of the largest size, 
formed by once doubluig a sheet of paper.— 2. Among 
merchants, a page, or rather both the right and left hand 
pages of an account-book, expressed by tlie same figure. 

Fo'LI-OLE, 71. A leaflet; one of the single leaves, which 
together constitute a compound leaf. 

Fo'LI-0-MOaT, a. [L. folium mortuum.] Of a dark yellow 
color, or that of a faded leaf ; filemot. 

Fo'LI-OT, 7t. [It. foletto.] A kind of demon. Burton. 

Fo'LI-OUS, a. 1. Leafy ; thin 5 misubstantial. Brown. — 
2. In botany, having leaves intermixed with the flowers. 

Folk, (foke) n. [Sax. /oZc ; D. volk j G. volk ; Sw.folck ; 
Dan. folk.] 1. People in general, or any part of them 
without distinction. 2. Certain people, discriminated 
from others ; as old folks, and young folks. — 3. In Scrip- 
ture, the singular number is used ; as, a few sick folk. 4. 
Animals. Frov. xxx. 

FoLK'LAND, (foke'land) n. [Sax. folcland.] In English 
law, copyhold land ; land held by the common people, at 
the will of the lord. 

FoLK'MOTE, (ftke'mote) 7i. [Sa.x. folcmote.] An assembly 
of the people, to consult respecting public affairs. 

FOL'LI-€LE, 71. [lu. folliculus.] 1. In botany, a univalvu- 
Jar pericarp ; a seed vessel. 2. An air bag ; a vessel dis- 
tended with air. 3. A little bag, in animal bodies ; a 
gland ; a folding ; a cavity. 

FOL-Lie'U-LOUS, a. Having or producing follicles. 

t FOL'LI-FUL, «. Full of folly. Shenstone. 

t FOL'LI-LY, adv. Foolishly. Wickliffe. 

FOL'LoW, V. t. [Sax. folgian, filian, fylgan.] 1 . To go 
after or behind ; to walk, ride or move behind, but in 
the same direction. 2. To pursue ; to chase. 3. To ac- 
company ; to attend in a journey. 4. To accompany ; to 
be of the same company ; to attend, for any purpose. 5. 
To succeed in order of time ; to come after. 6. To be 
consequential ; to result from, as effect from a cause. 7. 
To result from, as an inference or deduction. 8. To pur- 
sue with the eye ; to keep the eyes fixed on a moving 
body. 9. To imitate ; to copy. 10. To embrace ; to 
adopt and maintain ; to have or entertain like opinions ; 
to think or believe like another. 11. To obey ; to observe ; 
to practice ; to act in conformity to. 12. To pursue as an 
object of desire ; to endeavor to obtain. 13. To use ; to 
practice ; to make the chief business. 14. To adhere to ; 
to side with. 15. To adhere to ; to honor ; to worship ; 
to serve. 16. To be led or guided by. 17. To move on 
in the same course or direction ; to be guided bv. 

FOL'LoW, V. i. 1. To come after another. 2. To attend ; 
to accompany. 3. To be posterior in time. 4. To be con- 
sequential, as effect to cause. 5. To result, as an infer- 
ence. — To follow on, to continue pursuit or endeavor 3 to 
persevere, 

f OL'LoWED, pp. Pursued ; succeeded ; accompanied ; 
attended ; imitated ; obeyed ; observed ; practiced ; ad- 
hered to. 

rOL'LoW-ER, n. 1. One who comes, goes or moves after 
another, in the same course. 2. One that takes another 
as his guide in doctrines, opinions or example. 3. One 
who obeys, worships and hon(jrs. 4. An adherent ; a 
disciple ; one who embraces the same system. 5. An at- 
tendant ; a companion ; an associate or a dependent. 6. 
One under the command of another. 7. One of the same 
faction or party. 

FOL'LoW-ING, ppr. Coming or going after or behind ; 
pursuing ; attending ; imitating ; succeeding in time ; re- 
sulting from ; adhering to ; obeying ; observing ; using ; 
practicing ;' proceeding in the same course. 

FOL'LY, 71. [Fr. folie.] 1. Weakness of intellect ; imbecili- 
ty of mind ; want of understanding. 2. A weak or absurd 
act not highly criminal ; an imprudent act. 3. An absurd 



act which is highly sinful ; any conduct contrary to Ite 
laws of God or man ; sin ; scandalous crimes. Bible. 4 
Criminal weakness ; depravity of mind. 

FO'MA-HANT, n. A star of the first magnitude, in the con- 
stellation aquarius. 

FO-MENT', V. t. [L. fomento.] 1. To apply warm lotions 
to; to bathe with warm liquors. 2. To cherish with heat ; 
to encourage growth. 3. To encourage 3 to abetj to 
cherish and promote by excitements. 

FO-MEN-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of applying warm liquors 
to a part of the body, by means of flannels. 2. The lotion 
applied, or to be applied, to a diseased part. 3. Excita- 
tion; instigation; encouragement. 

FO-MENT'ED, ^;?. Bathed with warm lotions ; encouraged. 

FO-MENT'ER, n. One who foments ,-- one who encourages 
or instigates. 

FO-MENT'ING, ppr. 1. Applying warm lotions. 2. En- 
couraging ; abetting ; promoting. 

t FON, n. [Chaucer, fonne.] A fool ; an idiot. 

FOND, a. [Chaucer, /07me, a fool ; Scot, fan.] 1. Foolish; 
silly ; weak ; indiscreet ; imprudent. 2. Foolishly ten- 
der and loving ; doting ; weakly indulgent. 3. Much 
pleased ; loving ardently ; delighted with. 4. Relishing 
highly. 5. Trifling ; valued by folly ; [little used.] 

FOND, v.t. To treat with great indulgence or tenderness ; 
to caress ; to cocker. 

FOND, V. i. To be fond of; to be in love with ; to dote on 
[Little used.] Shak. 

FON'DLE, V. t. To treat with tenderness ; to caress. 

FOWDIjEYi,pp. Treated with aftection , caressed. 

FOND'LER, n. One who fondles. 

FOND'LING, ppr. Caressing ; treating with tenderness 

FOND'LING, n. A person or thing fondled or caressed. 

FOND'LY, a<Z7;. 1. Foolishly; weakly; imprudently; wuh 
indiscreet affection. 2. With great or extreme affection. 

FOND'NESS, 7t. 1. Foolishness; weakness; want of sense 
or judgment; [obs.] 2. Foolish tenderness. 3. Tender 
passion ; warm affection. 4. Strong inclination or pro- 
pensity. 5. Strong appetite or relish. 

fFONE, pi. of/oe. Spenser. 

FONT, n. [Fr. fonts ; Sp. fuente ; It. fonte ; L. fans.] A 
large basin or stone vessel, in which water is contained 
for baptizing children or other persons in the church. 

FONT, n. [Fr. fonte.] A complete assortment of printing 
types of one size. 

FONT'AL, a. Pertaining to a fount, som-ce or origin. 

FONT'A-NEL, n. 1. An issue for the discharge of humors 
from the body 2. A vacancy in the infant cranium. 

FON-TANGE', (fon-tanj') n. [Fr.] A knot of ribbons on the 
top of a head dress. Addison. 

FOOD, n. [Sa.:x. fod,foda.] 1. In a general sense, whatever 
is eaten by faiimals for nourishment, and whatever sup- 
plies nutriment to plants. 2. Meat ; aliment ; victuals 
provisions , whatever is or may be eaten for nourishment 

3. Whatever supplies nourishment and growth to plants. 

4. Something that sustains, nourishes and augments. 
t FOOD, 15. t. To feed. Barret. 

FOOD'FUL, a. Supplying food ; full of food. 

FOOD'LESS, a. Without food; destitute of provisions; 
barren 

t FOOD'Y, a. Eatable ; fit for food. Chapman. 

FOOL, n. [Fr. fol,fou; It. foil e.] 1. One who is destitute 
of reason, or the common powers of understanding ; an 
idiot. —2. In common language, a person who is some- 
what deficient in intellect, but not an idiot ; or a person 
who acts absurdly. — 3. In Scripture, fool is often used for 
a wicked or depraved person. 4. A weak Christian ; a 
godly person who has much remaining sin and unbelief. 
Luke, xxiv. 5. A term of indignity and reproach. 6. 
One who counterfeits folly ; a buffoon. 

To play the fool. 1. To act the buffoon ; to jest; to make 
sport. 2. To act like one void of understanding. — Toput 
the fool on, to impose on ; to delude. — To make a fool of, 
to frustrate ; to defeat ; to disappoint. 

FOOL, V. i. To trifle ; to toy ; to spend time in idleness, 
sport or mirth. 

FOOL, v.t. 1. To treat with contempt; to disappoint^ to 
defeat ; to frustrate ; to deceive ; to impose on. 2. To 
infatuate ; to make foolish. Shak. 3. To cheat. 

To fool azoay. 1. To spend in trifles, idleness, folly, or with- 
out advantage. 2. To spend for things of no value or use , 
to expend improvidently. 

FOOL, 71. A liquid made of gooseberries scalded and pound- 
ed, with cream. Shak. 

t FOOL-BoLD', a. Foolishly bold. Bale. 

FOOL'BORN, a. Foolish from the birth. Shak. 

FOOLED, j9p. Disappointed; deceived; imposed on. 

FOOL'ER-Y, n. 1. The practice of folly; habitual folly; 
attention to trifles. 2. An act of folly or weakness. 3. 
Object of folly. 

FOOL'HAP-PY, a. Lucky without judgment or contriv- 
ance. Spenser. 

FOOL-HaRD'I-NESS, n. Courage without sense or judg- 
ment ; mad rashness. Dryden. 



* See Synopsis. A, K, I, O. V, Y. long.—FAn^ F^LL, WH^T ;— PRgY ;— PIN5 MARINE^ BlRDh- f Obsolete. 



FOO 



351 



FOR 



r FOOL-HXRD'ISE, n. Foolhardiness. Spenser. 

FOOL-HARD'Y, a. Daring without judgment j madly rash 
and adventurous ; foolishly bold. 

FOOL'ING, ppr. Defeating ; disappointing ; deceiving. 

FOOL'ISH, a. 1. Void ofunderstanding or sound judgment; 
weak in intellect. 2. Unwise ; imprudent ; acting with- 
out judgment or discretion in particular things. 3. Pro- 
ceeding from folly, or marked with folly ; sUly ; vain ; 
trifling. 4. Ridiculous ; despicable. — 5. In Scripture, 
wicked ; sinful ; acting without regard to the divine 
law and glory, or to one's own eternal happiness. 6. 
Proceeding from depravity ; sinful. 

FOOL'ISH-LY, adv. 1. Weakly ; without understanding 
or judgment ; unwisely ; indiscreetly. 2. Wickedly ; 
sinfully. 

FOOL'ISH-NESS, n. 1. Folly ; want of understanding. 2. 
Foolish practice ; want of wisdom or good judgment.— 3. 
In a Scriptural sense, absurdity ; folly. 

FOOLS'-€AP, n. A kind of paper of small size. 

FOOL'S-PaRS'LEY, n. A plant of the genus athusa. 

FOOL'SToNES, n. A plant, the orchis. 

FOOL'TRAP, n. A trap to catch fools ; as a flytrap. 

FOOT, n. ; plu. Feet. [Sax. /of, fet.] 1. In animal bodies, 
the lower extremity of the leg ; the part of the leg which 
treads the earth in standing or walking, and by which the 
animal is sustained and enabled to step. 2. That which 
bears some resemblance to an animal's foot in shape or 
office ; the lower end of any thing that supports a body. 
3. The lower part; the base. 4. The lower part ; the 
bottom. 5. Foundation ; condition ; state. 6. Plan of 
establishment ; fundamental principles. — 7. In military 
language, soldiers who march and fight on foot ; infantry, 
as distinguished from cavalry. 8. A measure consisting 
of twelve inches ; supposed to betaken from the length 
of a man's foot. — 9. In poetry, a certain number of sylla- 
bles, constituting part of a verse. 10. Step ; pace. 11. 
Level ; par ; [obs.] 12. The part of a stocking or boot 
which receives the foot. — By foot, or, rather, on foot, by 
walking; as, to go or pass on foot. — To set on foot, to 
originate ; to begin ; to put in motion. Hence, to be on 
foot, is to be in motion. 

FOOT, V. i. 1. To dance ; to tread to measure or music ; to 
skip. 2. To walk ; opposed to ricZe or ^t/. 

FOOT, V. t. 1. To kick; to strike with the foot ; to spurn. 
2." To settle ; to begin to fix. 3. To tread. 4. To add 
the numbers in a column, and set the sum at the foot. 5. 
To seize and hold with the foot ; [not used.] 6. To add 
or make a foot. 

FOOT'BALL, n. 1. A ball, consisting of an inflated bladder, 
cased in leather, to be driven by the foot. 2. The sport 
or practice of kicking the foot-ball. 

FOOT'BAND, n. A band of infantry. 

FOOT'BOY, n. A menial ; an attendant in livery. 

FQOT'BREADTH, 71. The breadth of the foot. 

FOOT'BRID6E, n. A narrow bridge for foot passengers. 
Sidney. 

FOOT'€LOTH, n. A sumpter cloth. Shak. 

F60T'ED, pp. Kicked; trod ; summed up; furnished with 
a foot, as a stocking. 

FOOT'ED, a. Shaped in the foot. Grew. 

FOOTFALL, n. A trip or stiunble. Shak. 

FOOT'FiGHT, n. A conflict by persons on foot. 

F60T'GUaRDS, n.plu. Guards of infantry. 

FOOT'HALT, n. A disease incident to sheep. 

FOOT'HoLD, 71. That which sustains the feet firmly ; that 
on which one may tread or rest securely. 

FOOT'HOT, adv. Immediately ; a word borrowed from 
hunting. Oower. 

FOOT'ING, ppr. Dancing ; treading ; settling. 

FQOT'ING, n. 1. Ground for the foot; that which sustains; 
firm foundation to stand on. 2. Support ; root. 3. Basis; 
foundation. 4. Place ; stable position. 5. Permanent set- 
tlement. 6. Tread ; step ; walk. 7. Dance ; tread to 
measure. 8. Steps ; road ; track. 9. State ; condition ; 
settlement. 

FOOT'LESS, a. Without feet. 

FOOT'LI€K-ER, n A mean flatterer; a sycophant; a 
fawner. Shak. 

FOOT'MAJSr, 71. 1. A soldier who marches and fights on 
foot. 2. A menial servant; a runner; a servant in 
livery. 

FOOT'MAN-SHIP, n. The art or faculty of a runner. 

FOOT'MAN-TLE, n. A garment to keep the gown clean 
in riding. 

FOOT'PACE, n. A slow step, as in walking ; a broad stair. 
Johnson. 

FOOT'PAD, 71. A highwayman or robber on foot. 

FQOT'PaTH, 7t. A narrow path or way for foot passen- 
ge'rs only. 

FOOT'PLOUGH, n. A kind of swing-plough. 

F66T'PoST, n. A post or messenger that travels on foot. 

FOOT'RoPE, n. The lower boltrope. 

FOOT'ROT, n. An ulcer in the feet of sheep. 

FOOT'SoLD-IER, n. A soldier that serves on foot. 



FOOT'STALK, n. In botany, a petiole. 
FOOT'STALL, n. A woman's stirrup. Johnson. 
F06T'STEP, n. 1. A track ; the mark or impression of the 
foot. 2. Token ; mark ; visible sign of a course pursued. 
— Footsteps, plural. 1. Example. 2. Way; course. 
FQOT'STOOL, 71. A stool for the feet ; that which supports 

the feet of one when sitting. 
FOOT'WA-LING, n. The whole inside planks or lining of 

a ship. 
FOP, n. [Sp. and Port, guapo.] A vain man, of weak under- 
standing and much ostentation ; one whose ambition is to 
gain admiration by showy dress and pertuess ; a gay, 
trifling man ; a coxcomb. 

t FOP'DOO-DLE, 71. An insignificant fellow. Hudibras. 

FOP'LING, n. A petty fop. Tickell. 

FOP'PER-Y, n. 1. Affectation of show or importance ; 
showy folly. 2. Folly ; impertinence. 3. Foolery ; vain 
or idle practice ; idle affectation. 

FOP'PISH, a. 1. Vain of dress; making an ostentatious 
display of gay clothing ; dressing in the extreme of fashion. 
2. Vain ; trifling ; aftected in manners. 

FOP'PISH-LY, adv. With vain ostentation of dress ; in a 
trifling or affected manner. 

FOP'PISH-NESS, n. Vanity and extravagance in dress ; 
showy vanity. 

FOR, prep. [Sax. /or, ox fore ; D. voor ; G. fur 'and vor ; Sw. 
fhr; Dan. /or, /or.] 1. Against; in the place of. 2. In 
the place of ; instead of; noting substitution. 3. In ex- 
change of; notuig one thing taken or given in place of 
another. 4. In the place of; instead of. 5. In the char- 
acter of; noting resemblance. 6. Towards; with the in- 
tention of going to. 7. In advantage of; for the sake of; 
on account of. 8. Conducive to ; beneficial to ; in favor 
of. 9. Leading or hiducing to, as a motive. 10. Noting 
arrival, meeting, coming or possession. 11. Towards the 
obtaining of ; in order to the arrival at or possession of. 
12. Against; in opposition to ; with a tendency to resist 
ahd destroy. 13. Against or on account of; in preven- 
tion of. 14. Because ; on account of; by reason of. 15. 
With respect or regard to ; on the part of. 16. Through 
a certain space; during a certain time. 17. In quest of; 
in order to obtain. 18. Accordirjg to; as far as. 19. 
Noting meeting, coming together, or reception. 20. To- 
wards ; of tendency to. 21. In favor of; on the part or 
side of; that is, towards or inclined to. 22. With a view 
to obtain ; in order to possess. 23. Towards ; with ten- 
dency to, or in favor of. 24. Notwitiistanding ; against ; 
in opposition to. 25. For the use of; to be used in ; that 
is, towards, noting advantage. 26. In recompense of ; in 
return of. 27. In proportion to ; or, rather., looking to- 
wards, regarding. 28. By means of. 29. By the want 
of. — 30. For my life or heart, though my life were to be 
given in exchange, or as the price of purchase. — 31 . jFor to, 
denoting purpose ; now obsolete, exce^X in vulgar language. 

FOR, conj. 1. The wordby whi'"h a reason is introduced of 
something before advanced. 2. Because ; on this account 
that ; properly, /or that. — For as much, compounded, /or- 
asmuch, is equivalent to, in regard to that, in considera- 
tion of. — For why, [Yr.pour quoi,'] because; for this reason. 

FOR, as a prefix to verbs, has usually the force of a nega- 
tive or privative, denoting against, that is, before, or 
away, aside. 

FOR'AGE, 71. [Yx.fourrage ; Sp.forrage.] 1. Food of any 
kind for horses and cattle ; as, grass, pasture, hay, corn 
and oats. 2. The act of provimng forage. 3. Search for 
provisions; the act of feeding abroad. 

FOR'AGE, V. i. 1. To collect food for horses and cattle, by 
wandering about, and feeding or stripping the country 
2. To wander far; to rove; [obs.] 3. To ravage; to feed 
on spoil . 

FOR'AGE, V. t. To strip of provisions for horses, &c. 

FOR'A-GER, n. One that goes in search of food for horses 
or cattle. 

FOR'A-GING, ppr. or a. Collecting provisions for horses 
and cattle, or wandering in search of food; ravaging; 
stripping. 

FOR'A-GING, n. An incursion for forage or plunder. 

FO-RAM'IN-OUS, a. [Ij. foramen.] Full of holes ; perfora- 
ted in many places ; porous. [Little used.] 

FOR-AS-MUCH. See For. 

FOR-BAD', jn-et. of forbid. 

t FOR-BaTHE', v. t. To bathe. Sackville. 

FOR-BEaR', v. i. ; pret. forbore ; pp. forborne. [Sax. for- 
bceran.] 1. To stop ; to cease ; to hold from proceedhig. 
2. To pause ; to delay. 3. To abstain ; to omit; to hofd 
one's self from motion, or entering on an affair. 4. To 
refuse; to decline. 5. To be patient; to restrain from 
action or violence. 

FOR-BEaR', v.t. 1. To avoid voluntarily ; to decline. 2. 
To abstain from ; to omit ; to avoid doing. 3. To spare ; 
to treat with indulgence and patience. 4. To withhold. 

FOR-BEaR'ANCE, n. 1. The act of avoiding, shunning 
or omitting. 2. Command of temper ; restraint of pas- 
sions. 3. The exercise of patience; long suffering; 



* Sst Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH : TH as in this, f Obsolete 



FOR 

indulgence towards those who injure us ; lenity ; delay of 
resentment or punishment. 

FOR-BEaR'ER, n. One that intermits or intercepts. 

FOR-BEaR'ING, ppr. 1. Ceasing ; pausing ; withholding 
from action ; exercising patience and indulgence. 2. a. 
k diient ; long suifering. 

FOR-BEaR'ING, n. A ceasing or restraining from action ; 
patience ; Jong suffering. 

FOR-BID', V. t.; pret. forbad; pp. forbid, forbidden. [Sax. 
forbeodan.] 1. To prohibit ; to interdict ; to command to 
forbear or nr,t to do. 2. To command not to enter. 3. To 
oppose , to ninder ; to obstruct. 4. To accurse ; to blast ; 
[obs.] 

FOR-BID', V. i. To utter a prohibition ; but, in the intransi- 
tive form, there is always an ellipsis. 

FOR-BID', or FOR-BID'DEIM, jop. 1. Prohibited. 2. Hin- 
dered ; obstructed. 

FOR-BID'DANCE, n. Prohibition ; command or edict 
against a thing. [Little used.] Shak. 

FOR-BIU DEN-LY, adv. In an unlawful manner. Shak. 

t FOR-BID'DEN-NESS, n. A state of being prohibited. 

FOR-BID'DER, n. He or that which forbids or enacts a pro- 
hibition. 

FOR-BID'DING, ppr. 1. F/ohibiting ; hmdering. 2. a. Re- 
pelling approach ; repulsive ; raising abhorrence, aver- 
sion or dislike ; disagreeable. 

FOR-BID'DING, 71. Hinderance; opposition. Shak. 

FOR-BoRE', pret. of forbear. 

FOR-BORNE', pp. of forbear. 

Force, n. [Ft. force; It. forza.] 1. Strength; active 
power ; vigor ; might ; energy that may be exerted, 2. 
Momentum ; the quantity of power produced by motion 
or the action of one body on another. 3. That which 
causes an operation or moral effect •, strength ; energy. 4. 
Violence ; power exerted against will or consent ; com- 
pulsory power. 5. Strength ; moral power to convince 
the mind. 6. Virtue ; efficacy. 7. Validity ; power to 
bind or hold. 8. Strength or power for war ; armament ; 
troops ; an army or navy. 9. Destiny ; necessity ; com- 
pulsion. 10. Internal power. — II. In laip, any unlawful 
violence to person or property. — Fkijsicalforceis the force 
of material bodies. — Moral force is the power of acting 
on the reason in judging and determining. — Mechanical 
force As the power that belongs to bodies at rest or in mo- 
tion. 

Force, v. t. l. To compel ; to constrain to do or to for- 
bear, by the exertion of a power not resistible. 2. To 
overpower by streng,th. 3. To impel ; to press ; to drive ; 
to draw or push by main strength ; a sense of very exten- 
sive use. 4. To enforce ; to urge ; to press. 5. To com- 
pel by strength of evidence. 6. To storm ; to assault and 
take by violence. 7. To ravish ; to violate by force, as a 
female. 8. To overstraii^ ; to distort. 9. To cause to 
produce ripe fruit prematurely, as a tree ; or to cause to 
ripen prematurely, as fruit. 10. To man ; to strengthen 
by soldiers ; to garrison ; [o6s.] — To force from^ to wrest 
from ; to extort. — To force out, to drive out ; to compel to 
issue out or to leave ; also, to extort. — To force wive, is to 
fine it l)y a short process, or in a short time. — To force 
plants, is to urge che growth of plants by artificial heat. — 
To force meat, is to stuff it. 

Force, v. L l. To lay stress on ; [obs ] 2. To strive ; 
JoJs.] 3. To use violence. 

Forced, p;?. l. Compelled ; impelled ; driven by violence; 
urged ; stormed ; ravished. 2. a. Affected ; overstrain- 
ed ; unnatural. 

FoR'CED-LY, adv. Violently ; constrainedly ; unnatu- 
rally. 

FoR'CED-NESS, n. The state of being forced ; distor- 
tion. 

FoRCE'FUL, a. 1. Impelled by violence ; driven with 
force ; acting with power. 2. Violent ; impetuous. 

FoRCE'FUL-LY, adv. Violently ; impetuously. 

FoRCE'LESS, a. Having little or no force ; feeble; impo- 
tent, 

FoRCE'MeAT, 71. A kind of stuffing in cookery. 

FOR'CEPS, n. [L.] Literally, a pair of pincers or tongs. 
In surgery, an instrument for extracting any thing from 
a wound, and for like purposes. 

FoR'CER, n. 1. He or that which forces, drives or con- 
strains. 2. The embolus of a pump ; the instrument by 
which water is driven up a pump. 

FoRCI-BLE, a. 1. Powerful; strong; mighty. 2. Vio- 
lent ; impetuous ; driving forward with force. 3. Effica- 
cious ; active. 4. Powerful; acting with force; im- 
pressive. 5. Containing force ; acting by violence. 6. 
Done by force; suffered by force. 7. Valid; binding; 
obligatory ; [obs.\ 

FoR'Cl-BLE-NESS, n. Force ; violence. 

FoR'CI-BLY, ado. 1. By violence or force, 2, Strongly ; 
powerfully ; with power or energy ; impressively, 3. 
Impetuously ; violently ; with great strength. 

FoR'CING, -ppr. 1. Compelling ; impelling ; driving ; 
storming ; ravishing. 2. Causing to ripen before the nat- 



352 FOR 

ural season, as fruit. ?.. Fining wine by a speedy pro- 
cess. 

FoR'CING, n. 1. In gardening, the art of raising plants, 
flowers and fruits, at an earlier season than the natural 
one, by artificial heat. 2. The operation of fining wmea 
by a speedy process. 

FOR'CI-PA-TED, a. Formed like a pair of pincers, to open 
and inclose. Derham. 

FOR-CI-Pa'TION, n. Squeezing or tearing with pincers , 
formerly, a mode of punishment. Bacon. 

FoRD, 71. [Sax. /ord,/2/rd.] 1. A place in a riyer or other 
water, where it may be passed by man or beast on foot, 
or by wading. 2. A stream ; a current. 

FoRD, V. t. To pass or cross a river or other water by 
treading or walking on the bottom ; to pass through water 
by wading ; to wade through. 

FoRD'A-BLE, a. That may be waded or passed through 
on foot, as water. 

FoRD'ED, j9;?. Passed through on foot ; waded. 

FoRD'ING, ppr. V/ading ; passuig through on foot. 

t FOR-D5', V. t. [Sax. fordon.] To destroy ; to undo ; to 
ruin ; to weary. Chaucer. 

FORE, a. [Sax. fore, for an ; G. vor ; D. voor ; Sw. fbr ; 
Dan. for.] Advanced ; being or coming in advance of 
something ; coming first ; anterior; preceding; prior; an- 
tecedent ; being in front or towards the face. 

FORE, adv. In the part that precedes or goes first. — In sea- 
men''s language, fore and aft signifies the whole length of 
the ship, or from end to end, from stem to stern. — Fore^ 
in composition, denotes, for the most part, priority of 
time ; sometimes, advance in place. 

FORE-AD-MON'ISH, v. t. To admonish beforehand, or be. 
fore the act or event. 

FORE-AD-VTSE', v. t. To advise or counsel before the 
time of action or before the event ; to preadmonish. 

FORE-AL-LEDGE', (fore-al-lej') v. t. To alledge before. 

FORR-AP-POINT', v. t. To appoint beforehand. 

FORE-AP-POINT'MENT, m. Previous appointment; pre- 
ordination. 

FORE-ARM', V. t. To arm or prepare for attack or resist- 
ance before the time of need. 

FORE-BoDE', v. t. 1, To foretell ; to prognosticate. 2. 
To foreknow ; to be prescient of ; to feel a secret sense 
of some_thing future. 

FORE-BoDE'MENT, n. A presaging ; presagement. 

FORE-BoD'ER, n. 1. One who forebodes ; a prognosticator ; 
a soothsayer. ' 2. A foreknower. 

FORE-BoD^ING, ppr. Prognosticating ; foretelling ; fore- 
knowing. 

FORE-BoD'ING, n. Prognostication. 

FoRE'BRACE, n. A rope applied to the fore yard-arm to 
change the position of the fore-sail. 

tF0RE-B5^', ^rep. Near; hard by ; fast by. Spenser. 

FORE-CAST', t'. t. 1. To foresee ; to provide against. 2 
To scheme ; to plan before execution. 3. To adjust, con- 
trive or appoint beforehand. 

FORE-CAST', w. i. To form a scheme previously; to con- 
trive beforehand. 

FoRE'CAST, 71. Previous contrivance ; foresight, or the 
antecedent determination proceeding from it. 

FORE-€AST'ER, n. One who foresees or contrives before- 
hand. 

FORE-CAST'ING, ppr. Contriving previously. 

FoRE'CAfe-TLE, n. A short deck in the forepart of a ship 
above the upper deck. 

FORE-CHo'SEN, (fore-cho'zn) a. Preelected ; chosen be- 
forehand. 

FORE-CiT'ED, a. Cited or quoted before or above. 

FORE-CLoSE', v. t. To shut up ; to preclude ; to stop ; to 
prevent, — To foreclose a mortgager, in law^ is to cut him off 
from his equity of redemption. 

FORE-€LoS'URE, (fore-klo'zhur) n. 1. Prevention. 2. 
The act of foreclosing. 

FORE-€ON-CeIVE', v. t. To preconceive. Bacon. 

FORE-DATE', v. t. To date before the true time. 

PORE-DaT'ED,jp;?, Dated before the true time. 

FoRE'DECK, 7). The forepart of a deck, or of a ship, 

FORE-DE-SiGN', (fore-de-slne'/^j. t. To plan beforehand , 
to intend previously. Chcijne. 

FORE-DE-TERM'iNE, v. t. To decree beforehand. 

FORE-DOOM', v.t. To doom beforehand ; to predestinate 
DrTjden. 

FORE-DOOM', 7!. Previous doom or sentence. 

FORE-DoOR', n. The door in the front of a house. 

FORE-END', 71. The anterior part. Bacon. 

FORE-El,'DER, 71. [fore and elder.] An ancestor. 

* FORE-FA'THER, 71. An ancestor ; one who precedes an- 
other in the line of genealogy, in any degree ; usually in 
a remote degree. 

FORE-FEND', v. t. 1, To hinder ; to fend off; to avert ; to 
prevent approach ; to forbid or prohibit. Drydcn. 2. To 
defend ; to guard ; to secure. 

* FORE-FIN'GER, n. The finger next to the thumb ; the in- 
dex. 



* See S-ynopsis. A, E, I, O, "0, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD )— f Obsolete. 



FOR 



353 



FOR 



FORE-FLo W, V t. To flow before. Dryden. 

FoRE'FOOT, 71. 1. One of the anterior feet of a quadru- 
ped or multiped. 2. A hand, in contempt. 3. In a ship, 
a piece of timber which terminates the keel at the fore-end. 

F0RE-FR6NT', n. The foremost part 

FoRE'GAME, n. A first game ; first plan. Whitlock. 

FORE-Go', V. t. 1. To forbear to possess or enjoy ; volun- 
tarily to avoid the enjoyment of good. 2. To give up j to 
renounce ; to resign. 3. To lose. 4. To go before ; to 
precede ■,\obs.'] 

FORE-Go'ER, 71. 1. An ancestor; a progenitor; [ofe.] 2. 
One who goes before another. 3. One who forbears to 
enjoy. 

FORE-GoTNG, ppr. 1. Forbearing to have, possess or en- 
joy. 2 a. Preceding; going before, in time or place; 
antecedent. 

FORE-GONE', ^p. 1. Forborne to be possessed or enjoyed. 

2. Gone before ; past ; \_obs.'] 

FoRE'GROUND, n. The part of the field or expanse of a 
picture which seems to lie before the figures. 

FORE-GUESS', v. t. To conjecture. Sherwood 

FoRE'HAND, n. 1. The part of a horse which is before 
the rider. 2. The chief part. 

Forehand, a. Done sooner than is regular. 

FoRE'HAND-ED, a. ]. Early; timely; seasonable. Tay- 
lor. — 2. In America, in good circumstances as to property ; 
free from debt and possessed of property ; as, a forehand- 
ed farmer. 3. Formed in the foreparts. 

FORE'ilEAD, (for'hed, or rather, for'ed) «. 1. The part of 
the face which extends from the hair on the top of the 
head to the eyes. 2. Impudence ; confidence ; assurance ; 
audaciousness. 

FORE'HEAD-BALD, a. Bald above the forehead. 

FORE-HeAR', v i. To be informed before. 

fFORE-HEND', v. t. To seize. Spenser. 

FORE-HEW', V. t. To hew or cut in front. SacJcville. 

f FORE-HoLD'ING, n. Predictions ; ominous forbodings ; 
superstitious prognostications. 

FoRE'HOOK, n. In ships, a breast-hook. 

FoRE'HORSE, n. The horse in a team which goes fore- 
most. 

FOR'EIGN, (for'en) a. [Ft. forain.] 1. Belonging to an- 
other nation or country ; alien ; not of the country in 
which one resides ; extraneous. 2. Produced in a distant 
country or jurisdiction ; coming from another country. 

3. Remote ; not belonging ; not connected. 4. Imperti- 
nent ; not pertaining ; not to the purpose. 5. Excluded ; 
not admitted ; lield at a distance. 6. Extraneous ; adven- 
titious ; not native or natural. — 7. In law, a foreign at- 
tachment is an attachment of the goods of a foreigner, for 
the satisfaction of a debt due to a citizen ; or an attachment 
of the money or goods of a debtor, in the hands of another 
person. — Foreign plea, a plea or objection to a judge as 
incompetent to try the question, on the ground that it is 
not within his jurisdiction. 

FOR'EIGN-ER, (for'en-er) n. A person born in a foreign 
country, or without the country or jurisdiction of which 
one speaks. 

FOR'EIGN-NESS, (for'en-nes) n. Remoteness: want of 
relation. 

FORE-IM-AGINE, v. t. To conceive or fancy before 
proof, or beforehand. 

FORE-JUDGE', (fore-juj') v. t. 1. To prejudge ; lo judge 
beforehand, or before hearing the facts and proof. — '2. In 
law, to expel from a court, for mal-practice or non-appear- 
ance. 

FORE-JUDG'MENT, n. Judgment previously formed. 

FORE-KNoW', v.t. To have previous knowledge of; to 
foresee. 

FORE-KNoW'A-BLE, a. That may be foreknown. 

FORE-KNoW'ER. n. One that foreknows. 

FORE-KNOWL'EDGE, n. Knowledge of a thing before it 
happens ; prescience. 

FOR'EL, n. A kind of parchment for the cover of books. 

FoRE'LAND, n. A promontory or cape ; a point of land 
extending into the sea ; a head land. 

FORE-LaY', v.t. 1. To lay wait for; to entrap by ambush. 
2. To contrive antecedently. 

FORE-LkAD'ER, 7!. One who leads others. 

FoRE-LEND', v. t. To lend or give beforehand. 

f FORE-LIFT', '0. t. To raise aloft any anterior part. Spen- 
ser. 

FoRI!'LO€K, n. 1. The lock or hair that grows from the 
for'ipart of the head. — 2. In sea language, a little flat 
pouted wedge of iron, used at the end of a bolt, to retain 
it lirmlv in its place. 

FORE-LOOK', V. t. To look beforehand or forward. 

Fo?IE'MAN, n. 1. The first or chief man ; particularly, the 
chief man of a jury. 2. The chief man in a printing of- 
fice or other establishment. 

FoRE'MAST, 71. The mast of a ship or other vessel which 
is placed in the forepart or forecastle, and carries the fore- 
sail and foretopsail yards. 

FORE-IVIEANT', (fore-menf) a. Intended beforehand. 



FORE-MEN 'TIONED, a. Mentioned before; recited or 
written in a former part of the same discourse. 

FoRE'MOST, a. I. First in place; most advanced. 2 
First in dignity. 

FoRE'MoTH-ER, n. A female ancestor. Prideaux. 

FoRE'NaMED, a. 1. Named or nominated before. 2 
Mentioned before in the same writing or discourse. 

FoRE'NOON, 71. The former part of the day, from the 
morning to meridian or noon. 

F0RE-i\^O'TlCE, 71. Notice or information of an event be. 
fore it happens. B.yrner. 

FO-REN'Si€, a. [Ij. forensis.] Belonging to courts of judi- 
cature ; used in courts or legal proceedings. 

FORE-OR-DaIN', v. t. To ordain or appoint beforehand ; 
to preordain ; to predestinate ; to predetermine. 

FORE-OR-DI-Na'TION, 71. Previous ordination or appoint 
inent ; predetermination ; predestination. 

FoRE'PART, n. 1. The part first in time. 2. The part 
most advanced in place ; the anterior part. 3. The be 
ginning. 

FoRE PASSED, } a. Passed before a certain time. \Littlc 

FoRE'PAST, \ tised.] 

FORE-POS-SESS'ED, (fore-poz-zesf) a. Holding formerly 
m possession ; also, preoccupied ; prepossessed ; preen- 
gaged. 

FORTE-PRiZE', v. t. To prize or rate beforehand. 

FORE-PROM'ISED, a. Promised beforehand ; preen- 
gaged. 

FORE-aUoT'ED, a. Cited before ; quoted in a foregoing 
pai-t of the work. 

FoRE'RANK, n. The first rank ; the front. Shak. 

FORE-ReACH' upon, v. t. In navigation, to gain or ad- 
vance upon in progression or motion. 

tFORE-READ', v.t. To signify by tokens. Spenser. 

FORE-ReAD'ING, n. Previous perusal. Hales. 

FORE-RE-ClT'ED, a. Named or recited before. 

FORE-RE-MEM'BERED, a. Called to mind previously. 

FORE'RIGHT, a. Ready ; forward ; quick. Massinger. 

FoRE'RIGHT, adv. Right forward ; onward. 

FORE-RUN', V. t. 1. To advance before ; to come before 
as an earnest of something to follow ; to introduce as a 
harbinger. 2. To precede ; to have the start of. 

FORE-RUN'NER, 71. 1. A messenger sent before to give 
notice of the approach of others ; a harbinger. 2. An an- 
cestor or predecessor; [o&j.] 3. A prognostic; a sign 
foreshowing something to follow. 

FoRE SAID, (fore'sed) a. Spoken before. See Aforesaid. 

FoRE'SAIL, 71. A sail extended on the foreyard, which is 
supported by the foremast. 

FORE-SaY', v. t. To predict; to foretell. Shak 

FORE-SaY'ING, n. A prediction. Sherwood. 

FORE-SEE', V. t. To see beforehand ; to see or know an 
event before it happens; to have prescience of : to fore- 
know. 

FORE-SEEING, ppr. Seeing before the event. 

FORE-SEEN', pp. Seen beforehand. 

FORE-SEER', n. One who foresees or foreknows. 

FORE-SeIZE', v. t. To seize oeforehand. 

FORE-SHAD'oW, v. t. To shadow or tvpify beforehand. 

FORE-SHaME', v. t. To shame ; to bring reproach on. 

FORE-SHEW. Sec Foreshow. 

FoRE'SHIP, 7!. The forepart of a ship. Jlcts xxvii. 

FORE-SHORT'EN, v. t. In painting, to shorten figures for 
the sake of showing those behind. 

FORE-SHORT'EN-ING, n. In painting, the act of shorten- 
ing figures for the sake of showing those behind. 

FORE-SHoW, V. t. 1. To show beforehand ; to progno.sti 
cate. 2. To predict; to foretell. 3. To represent before 
hand. 

FORE-SHoW'ER, n. One who predicts 

FORE-SHROUD.?', n. The shrouds of a ship attached to the 
foremast. 

FoRE'SIDE, n. The front side ; also, a specious outside. 

FoRE'SlGHT, n. 1. Prescience ; foreknowledge ; prog- 
nostication ; the act of foreseeing. 2. Provident care of 
futurity ; foreknowledge accompanied with prudence. 

FORE-SlGHT'FUL, a. Prescient ; provident. 

FORE-SIG'NI-FY, v. t. To signify beforehand ; to betoken 
previously ; to foreshow ; to typify. 

FoRE'SKIN, 71. The skin that covers the glans penis ; the 
prepuce. 

FoRE'SKiRT, n. The loose and pendulous part of a coat 
before. Shak. 

t FORE-SLACK', v. t. To neglect by idleness. Spenser. 

t FORE-SLoW, V. t. I. To delay ; to hinder; to impede , 
to obstruct^ 2. To neglect ; to omit. 

t FORE-SLoW', V. i. To be dilatory ; to loiter. Shak. 

FORE-SPeAK', v. t. 1. To foresay ; to foreshow ; to fore- 
tell or predict.. 2. To forbid ; [not used.] 3. To bewitch • 
[not used.] 

t FORE-SPeAK'ING, 71. A prediction ; also, a preface. 

t FORE-SPEECH', n. A preface. Sherwood. 

FORE-SPENT', a. I. Wasted in strength ; tired ; exhaust 
ed. 2. Past; [little used.] Spenser 



* See Synopsis 



MOVE, BOOK, Dove ;— bull, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete . 



FOR 



354 



FOR 



FORE-SPUR'RER, n. One that rides before. Shak. 

POR'EST, 71. [It. foresta; Fr. forSt; Arm. forest.] 1. An 
extensive wood, or a -large tract of land covered with 
trees. — In America, the word is usually applied to a wood 
of native growth. It differs from wood or woods chiefly 
in extent — 2. In law, in Great Britain, a certain territory 
of woody grounds and pastures, privileged for wild beasts 
and fowls of forest, chase and warren, to rest and abide 
in, under the protection of the king, for his pleasure.— 
Forest laws, laws for governing and regulating forests, 
and preserving game. England. 

FOR'EST, V. t. To cover with trees or wood. 

FOR'EST, a. Sylvan ; rustic. Sir G. Buck. 

FoRE'STAFF, n. An instrument used at sea, for taking 
the altitudes of heavenly bodies. 

FoRE'STAGE, n. An ancient service paid by foresters to 
the king ; also, the right of foresters. 

FORE-STALL', v. t. L To anticipate ; to take beforehand. 
2. To hinder by preoccupation oi" prevention. — 3. In too, 
to buy or bargain for corn, or provisions of any kind, be- 
fore they arrive at the market or fair, with intent to sell 
them at higher prices. 4. To deprive by something pri- 
or; [not in use.] 

FORE-STALL'ED, (fore-stawld') pp. Anticipated ; hinder- 
ed purchased before arrival in market. 

FORE-STALL'ER, n. One who forestalls. 

FORE-STALL'ING, ppr. Anticipating ; hindering ; buying 
provisions before they arrive in market, with, intent to 
sell them at higher prices. 

FORE-STALL'ING, n. Anticipation ; prevention ; the act 
of buying provisions before they are offered in market, 
with intent to sell them at higher prices. 

FoRE'STAY, 7i. In a ship's rigging, a large, strong rope 
reaching from the foremast head towards the bowsprit end, 
to support the mast. 

FOR'EST-BORN, .5 Born in a wild. Skak. 

FOR'EST-ED, pp. Covered with trees ; wooded. 

FOR'EST-ER, n. 1. In England, an ofRcer appointed to 
watch a forest and preserve the game. 2. An inhabitant 
of a forest. 3. A forest tree. 

{fOReIwat'^' i "" Exhausted by heat. Sidney. 

FoRE'TAe-KLE, n. The tackle on the foremast. 

FoRE'TASTE, 71. A taste beforehand ; anticipation. 

FORE-TaSTE', v. t. I. To taste before possession ; to have 
previous enjoyment or experience of something ; to anti- 
cipate. 2. To taste before another. 

FORE-TaST'ED, ;7;j. Tasted beforehand. Milton. 

FORE-TaST'ER, 71, One that tastes beforehand. 

FORE-TaST'ING, ppr. Tasting before. 

FORE-TeACH', v. t. To teach beforehand. Spenser. 

FORE-TELL', v.t. 1. To predict ; to tell before an event 
happens ; to prophesy. 2. To foretoken ; to foreshow. 
Warton. 

FORE-TELL', v. i. To utter prediction or prophecy. 

FORE-TELL'ER, n. One who predicts or prophesies ; a 
foreshower. Boyle. 

FORE-TELL'ING, 7!. Prediction. 

FORE-THINK', v. t. I. To think beforehand ; to anticipate 
in the mind. 2. To contrive beforehand. 

FORE-THINK', v. i. To contrive beforehand. 

FORE-THOUGHT', (fore-thawf) pref. of forethink. 

FoRE'THOUGHT, (fore'thawt) n. 1. A thinking before- 
hand ; anticipation ; prescience ; premeditation. 2. Prov- 
ident care. 

FORE-To'KEN, v. t. To foreshow ; to presignify ; to prog- 
nosticate. 

FORE-To'KEN, n. Prognostic ; previous sign. 

FoRE'TOOTH, n. ; plu. Foreteeth. One of the teeth in 
the forepart of the mouth ; an incisor. 

FoRE'TOP, n. 1. The hair on the forepart of the head. 2. 
That part of a woman's headdress that is forward, or the 
top of a periwig. — 3. In ships, the platform erected at the 
head of the foremast. 

FORE-TOP'-MAST, n. The mast erected at the head of the 
foremast, and at the head of which stands the foretop-gal- 
lant-mast. 

FOR-EV'ER, adu. [for and ever.] Eternally ; to perpetu- 
ity ; during everlasting continuance. 

FORE-VOUCH'ED, (fore-vouchf) pp. Affirmed before; 
formerly told. Shak. 

FoRE'WARD, n. The van ; the front. 

FORE-WARN, v.t. 1. To admonish beforehand. 2. To 
inform previously ; to give previous notice. 3. To caution 
beforehand. 

FORE-WARNED, (fore-wornd') p;?. Admonished, caution- 
ed vt informed beforehand. 

FORE-WARN'ING, ppr. Previously admonishing or inform- 
ing. 

FORE-WARN'ING, n. Previous admonition, caution or no- 
tice. 

t FORE-WEND', v. t. To go before. Spenser. 

FoRE'WIND, 71. A favorable wind. Sandys. 

FORE-WISH'', V. t To wish beforehand. Knollcs. 



FoRE'WOM-AN, n. A woman who is chief. Tatler. 

FORE-WoRN', pp. Worn out ; wasted or obliterated by 
time or use. Sidney. 

FOR'FEIT, (for'fit) v.t. [Fr.forf aire, forf ait.] To lose, 
or render confiscable, by some fault, offense or crime ; to 
lose the right to some species of property, or that which 
belongs to one ; to alienate the right to possess by some 
neglect or crime. 

FOR'FEIT, (for fit) n. [Fr. forf ait ; W.forfed.] 1. That 
which is forfeited or lost, or the right to which is alienat- 
ed by a crune, offense, neglect of duty, or breach of con- 
tract ; hence, a fine ; a mulct ; a penalty. 2. One whose 
life is forfeited ; [not used.] 

FOR'FEIT, part. a. used for forfeited. Lost or alienated 
for an offense or crime ; liable to penal seizure. 

FOR'FEIT-A-BLE, a Liable to be forfeited ; subject to for- 
feiture. 

FOR'FEIT-ED, pp. Lost or alienated by an offense, crime 
or breach of condition. 

FOR'FEIT-ER, n. One who incurs punishment by forfeitins 
his bond. Shak 

FOR'FEIT-ING, ppr Alienating or losing, as a right, by an 
offense, crime or breach of condition. 

FOR'FEIT-URE, n. I. The act of forfeiting. 2. That which 
is forfeited ; an estate forfeited ; a fine or mulct. 

fFOR-FEND', V. t. To prevent ; to forbid. 

FOR'FEX, 71. [L.] A pair of scissors. Pope. 

FOR-GaVE', pret. of forgive, which see. 

FoR6E, 71. [Ft. forge.] 1. A furnace in which iron or 
other metal is heated and hammered into form. 2. Any 
place where any thing is made or shaped. 3. The act of 
beating or working iron or steel ; the manufacture of me- 
talline bodies. 

FoRCfE, V. t. 1. To form by heating and hammering ; to 
beat into any particular shape, as a metal. 2. To make 
by any means. 3. To make falsely ; to falsify ; to coun 
terfeit ; to make in the likeness of something else. 

FoRGED, pp. Hammered ; beaten into shape ; made ; coun 
terfeited. 

FoRG'ER, n. 1, One that makes or forms. 2. One who 
counterfeits ; a falsifier. 

FoR6'ER-Y, n. 1. The act of forging or working metal into 
shape ; [ohs.] 2. The act of falsifying ; the crime of coun- 
terfeiting. 3. That which is forged or counterfeited. 

FOR-GET', v. t. ; pret. forgot ; [forgot, obs.] pp. forgot, 
forgotten. [Sax. forgetan, forgitan, forgijtaji.] 1. To lose 
the remembrance of; to let go from the memory. 2. To 
slight ; to neglect. 

FOR-GET'FUL, a. 1. Apt to forget ; easily losing the re- 
membrance of. 2. Heedless ; careless ; neglectful ; inat- 
tentive. 3. Causing to forget ; inducing oblivion ; oblivi- 
ous. 

FOR-GET'FUL-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being apt to let 
any thing slip from the mind. 2. Loss of remembrance or 
recollection ;' a ceasing to remember; oblivion. 3. Neg- 
lect; negligence ; careless omission ; inattention. 

t FoR6'E-TiVE, a. [from forge.] That may forge or pro- 
duce. Shak. 

FOR-GET'TER, 7!. One that forgets ; a heedless person. 

FOR-GET'TING, ppr. Losing the remembrance of. 

FOR-(JET'TING, n. The act of forgetting ; forgetfulness ; 
inattention. 

FOR-GET'TING-LY, adv. By forgetting or forgetfulness. 

FOR-GIV'A-BLE, a. That may be pardoned. 

FOR-GlVE , V. t, ; pret. forgave ; pp. forgiven, [for and 
give ; Sax.forgifan.] 1. To pardon ; to remit, as an of- 
fense or debt ; to overlook an offense, and treat the of- 
fender as not guilty. It is to be noted that pardon, like 
forgive, may be followed by the name or person, and oy 
"the"oftense ; but remit can be followed by the offense only. 
We forgive or pardon the man, but we do not remit him. 
2. To remit as a debt, fine or penalty. 

FOR-GIV'EN, pp. Pardoned ; remitted. 

FOR^GtVE'NESS, n. 1. The act of forgiving ; the pardon 
of an offender, by which he is considered and treated as 
not guilty. 2. The pardon or remission of an offense or 
crune. 3. Disposition to pardon ; willingness to forgive. 
4. Remission of a debt, fine or penalty. 

FOR-GTV'ER, n. One who pardons or remits. 

FOR-GIV'ING, ppr. 1. Pardoning; remitting. 2. a. Dis- 
posed to forgive ; inclined to overlook offenses ; mild j 
merciful ; compassionate. 

T^^OR-COT- } 

FOrIgOT'TEN, i J^- of/or^e«. 

t FOR-HaIL', v. t. To draw or distress. Spenser. 

FO-RIN'SE-€AL, a. ['L.forinsecus.] Foreign ; alien. [Little 
used.] 

FO-RIS-FA-MIL'IATE, 7J. «. [1,. foris and familia.] To 
renounce a legal title to a further share of paternal inher- 
itance. 

FO-RIS-FA-MIL-I-A'TION, n. When a chUd has received 
a portion of his father's estate, and renounces all title to a 
further share, his act is calleA forisfamiliation 

FORK, n. [Sax. /ore] 1. An "instrument consisting of a 



* See Synopsis. A, E, l, 6, ^y ^, long.—FAn, FALL, WH.\T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;f- f Obsolete 



FOR 



355 



FOR 



handle, and a blade of metal, divided into two or more 
points or prongs. 2. A point. 3. Forks, in the plural, 
the point where a road parts into two ; and the point 
where a river divides, or rather where two rivers meet 
and unite in one stream. Each branch is called a. fork. 

FORK, V. i. 1. To shoot into blades, as corn. Mortimer. 2. 
To divide into two. 

FORK, V. t. 1. To raise or pitch with a fork, as hay. 2. To 
dig and break ground with a fork. 3. To make sharp ; to 
point. 

FORKED, pp. 1. Raised, pitched or dug with a fork. 2. a. 
Opening into two or more parts, points or shoots. 3. Hav- 
ing two or more meanings ; [not in use.] 

FORK'ED-LY, adv. In a forked form. 

FORK'ED-NESS, n. The quality of opening mto two or 
more parts. 

FORK'HE AD, n. The point of an arrow. Spenser. 

FORK'TaIL, n. A salmon, in h\a fourth year's growth. 
[Local.] 

FORK'Y, a. Forked ; furcated ; opening into two or more 
parts, shoots or points. Pope. 

t FOR-LoRE', a. Forlorn. 

FOR-LORN', a. [Sax. forloren.] 1. Deserted ; destitute ; 
stripped or deprived ; forsaken. Hence, lost ; helpless ; 
wretched ; solitary. 2. Taken away ; [obs.] 3. Small ; 
despicable ; in a ludicrous sense. — Forlorn hope, properly, 
a desperate case ; hence, in military affairs, a detachment 
of men appointed to lead in an assault, or perform other 
service attended vvith uncommon peril. 

FOR-LORN',??. A lost, forsaken, solitary person. 

FOR-LORN'N'ESS, n. Destitution ; misery ; a forsaken or 
wretched condition. Boyle. 

t FOR-LYE', V. i. To lye before. Spenser. 

FORI^, n. [L. forma ; Y^. forme.] 1. The shape or exter- 
nal appearance of a body ; the figure, as defined by lines 
and angles. 2. Manner of arranging particulars ; disposi- 
tion of particular things. 3. Model ; draught ; pattern. 
4. Beauty ; elegance ; splendor ; dignity. 5. Regularity ; 
method ; order. 6. External appearance without the essen- 
tial qualities ; empty show. 7. Stated method ; establish- 
ed practice ; ritual or prescribed mode. 8. Ceremony. 
9. Determinate shape. 10. Likeness ; image. 11. Man- 
ner ; system. 12. Manner of arrangement j disposition of 
component parts. 13. A long seat ; a bench without a 
back. — 14. In schools, a class ; a rank of students. 15. 
The seat or bed of a hare. 16. A mold ; something to 
give shape, or on which things are fashioned. — 17. In 
printing, an assemblage of types, composed and arranged 
in order, disposed into pages or columns, and inclosed and 
locked in a chase, to receive an impression. — 18. Essen- 
tial form is that mode of existence which constitutes a 
thing what it is, and without which it could not exist. 

FORM, v.t. [L.formo.] 1. To make or cause to exist. 
2. To shape ; to mold or fashion into a particular shape or 
state. 3. To plan ; to scheme ; to modify. 4. To arrange ; 
to combine in a particular manner. 5. To adjust ; to set- 
tle. 6. To contrive ; to invent. 7. To make up ; to frame ; 
to settle by deductions of reason. 8. To mold ; to model 
by instruction and discipline. 9. To combine ; to unite 
individuals into a collective body. 10. To make ; to 
establish. 11. To compile. 12. To constitute ; to make. 
— 13. In grammar, to make by derivation, or by affixes or 
prefixes. 14. To enact ; to make ; to ordain. 

FORM, V. i. To take a form. 

FORM'AL, a. 1. According to form ; agreeable to establish- 
ed mode ; regular ; methodical. 2. Strictly ceremonious ; 
precise ; exact to affectation. 3. Done in due form, or 
w^ith solemnity ; express ; according to regular method ; 
not incidental, sudden or irregular. 4. Regular ; methodi- 
cal. 5. Having the form or appearance without the sub- 
stance or essence ; external. 6. Depending on customary 
forms. 7. Having the power of making a thing what it 
is; constituent; essential. 8. Retaining its proper and 
essential characteristic ; regular ; proper. 

FORM'AL-ISM, n. Formality. Burke. 

FORM'AL-IST, n. 1. One who observes forms. 2. One who 
regards appearances only, or observes the forms of wor- 
ship, without possessing the life and spirit of religion ; a 
liypocrite. 

FOR-MAL'I-TY, n. 1. The practice or observance of forms. 
2. Ceremony ; mere conformity to customary modes. 3. 
Established order ; rule of proceeding ; mode ; method. 
4. Order ; decorum to be obsei-ved ; customary mode of 
behavior. 5. Customary mode of dress ; habit, robe. 6. 
External appearance. 7. Essence ; the quality which 
constitutes a thing what it is. — 8. In the schools, the man- 
ner in which a thing is conceived. 

t FORM'AL-iZE, v.t. To model. Hooker. 

FORM' AL-IZE, v. i. To affect formality. [Little used.] 

FORM'AL-LY, adv. 1. According to established form, rule, 
order, rite or ceremony. 2. Ceremoniously ; stiffly ; pre- 
cisely. 3. In open appearance ; in a visible and apparent 
state. 4. Essentially ; characteristically. 

FOR-Ma'TION, ?i. [Fr. ; L. /ormatio.] 1. The act of form- 



ing or making ; the act of creating or causing to exist ; the 
operation of shaping and giving form. 2. Generation, 
production. 3. The manner in which a thing is formed. 
— 4. In grammar, the act or manner of forming one word 
from another. 

FORM'A-TlVE, a. 1. Giving form ; having the power of 
giving form ; plastic. — 2. In grammar, serving to form j 
derivative ; not radical ; as, a termination merely forma- 
tive. 

FORMED, pp. Made; shaped; molded, planned; airang- 
ed ; combined; enacted; constituted.' 

FORM'E-DON, n. [L. forma doni.] A writ for the recovery 
of lands by statute of Westminster. Eng. law. 

FORM'ER, n. He that forms ; a maker ; an author. 

FOR MER, a. comp. deg. [Sax. form, forma.] 1 . Before in 
time ; preceding another or something else in ordor of 
time ; opposed to latter. 2. Past, and frequently ancient, 
long past. 3. Near the beginning ; preceding. 4. Men- 
tioned before another. 

FOR'MER-LY, adv. In time past, either in time immediate- 
ly preceding, or at any indefinite distance ; of old ; here- 
tofore. 

FORM'FpL, a. Ready to form ; creative ; imaginative. 

FOR'MI-ATE, n. [from L,. formica.] A neutral salt, com- 
posed of the formic acid and a base. 

FOR'MIC, a. [L,. formica.] Pertaining to ants ; as, the for- 
mic acid, the acid of ants. 

FOR-MI-€a'TION, «. [L. formicatio.] A sensation of the 
body resembling that made by the creeping of ants on the 
skin. 

FORM'I-DA-BLE, a. [1,. formidabilis.] Exciting fear or ap- 
prehension ; impressing dread ; adapted to excite fear, and 
deter from approach, encounter or undertaking. 

FORM'I-DA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being formida- 
ble, or adapted to excite dread. 

FORM'I-DA-BLY, adv. In a manner to impress fear. 

FOR'MILL, V. t. To order. Craven dialect. 

FORM'LESS, a. Shapeless ; without a determinate form 
wanting regularity of shape. Shak. 

t F0R-M5s'I-TY, 71. [L. formositas.] Beauty ; fairness. 
Cockeram. 

FORM'U-LA, or FORM'ULE, n. [L.] 1. A prescribed 
form ; a rule or model. — 2. In medicine, a prescription. — 
3. In church affairs, a confession of faith. — 4. In mathe- 
matics, a general expression for resolving certain cases or 
problems. 

FORM'U-LA-RY, ?i. [Yx.formulaire.] 1. A book contain- 
ing stated and prescribed forms, as of oaths, declarations, 
prayers and the like ; a book of precedents. 2. Prescrib- 
ed form. 

FORM'TJ-LA-RY, a. Stated ; prescribed ; ritual. 

FORN'I-€ATE, or FORN'I-€A-TED, a. [L. fornicatus.] 
Arched ; vaulted like an oven or furnace. 

FORN'I-€ATE, v. i. [L. fornicor.] To commit lewdness, 
as an unmarried man or woman, or as a married man 
with an unmarried woman. 

FOR-NI-€a'TION, TO. [L.fornicatio.] 1. The incontinence 
or lewdness of unmarried persons, male or female ; also, 
the criminal conversation of a married man with an un- 
married woman. 2. Adultery. Matt. v. 3. Incest. 4. 
Idolatry ; a forsaking of the true God, and worshiping of 
idols. 2 Chron. xxi. 5. An arching ; the forming of a 
vault. 

FORN'I-€A-TOR, n. 1. An unmarried person, male or fe- 
male, who has criminal conversation with the other sex ; 
also, a married man who has sexual commerce with an 
unmarried woman. [See Adultery.] 2. A lewd person. 
3. An idolater. 

FORN'I-€A-TRESS, n. An unmarried female guilty of 
lewdness. 

f FOR-PASS', V. i. To go by ; to pass unnoticed. Spender. 

+ FOR-PlNE', V. i. To pine or waste away. Spenser. 

t FOR-RaY', v. t. To ravage. Spenser. 

t FOR-RaY', n. The act of ravaging. 

FOR-SaKE', v. t. ; -pret. forsook ; pp. forsaken. [Sax. for- 
sacan, forscBcan.] 1. To quit or leave entirely ; to desert ; 
to abandon ; to depart from. 2. To abandon ; to re- 
nounce ; to reject. 3. To leave ; to withdraw from ; to 
fail. — 4. In Scripture, God forsakes his people, when he 
withdraws his aid, or the light of his countenance. 

FOR-SaK'ER, n. One that forsakes or deserts. 

FOR-SaK'EN, pp. Deserted ; left ; abandoned. 

FOR-SaK'ING, ppr. Leaving or deserting 

FOR-SaK'ING, n. The act of deserting ; dereliction 

t FOR-SaY', v. t. To forbid ; to renounce. Spenser. 

t FOR-SLACK', v. t. To delay. Spenser. 

FOR-SOOTH', adv. [Sax. forsothe.] In truth ; in fact, cer- 
tainly ; very well. 

t FORS'TER, 7). A forester. Chaucer. 

FOR-SWEaR', v. t. ; pret. forsicore ; pp. forsworn [Sax 
forswmrian.] 1. To reject or renounce upon oath- 2 To 
deny upon oath. Dryden. — To forswear one^s self, is to 
swear falsely ; to perjure one's self. 

FOR-SWEaR', v. i. To swear falsely ; to commit perjury. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE BOOK, D6VE -BULL. UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z j CH as SH ; TH as In tkis. j Ohsolcis 



FOR 



356 



FOS 



FXDR-SWEaR'ER, n. One who rejects on oath ; one who is 
perjured ;_one that swears a false oath. 

FOR-SWEaR ING, ppr. Denying on oath ; swearing 
falsely. 

t FOR-SWONK', a. [Sax. swincan.] Overlabored. Spenser, 

FOR-SWGREi,pret. of forswear. 

FOR-SWoRN'j pp. of forswear. Renounced on oath ; per- 
jured. 

FOR-SWoRN'NESS, n. The state of bemg forsworn. 

FoRT, 71. [Fr. fort ; It., Port, forte.] 1. A fortified place ; 
a place surrounded with means of defense ; any building 
or place fortified ; a castle. 2. A strong side, opposed to 
weak side or foible. 

FoR'TE, adv. [Ital.] A direction to sing with strength of 
voice. 

FoRT'ED, a. Furnished with forts ; guarded by forts. 

Forth, adv [Sax. forth; G.fort.] 1. Forward; onward 
in time ; in advance. 2. Forward in place or order. 3. 
Out ; abroad ; noting progression or advance from a state 
of confinement. 4. Out ; away ; beyond the boundary of 
% place. 5. Out into public view, or public character. 6. 
Thoroughly ; from beginning to end ; [obs.] 7. On to the 
end ; [obs.] 

Forth, prep. Out of. Shak. 

t FORTH, n. [Su.Goth. fort.] Away. 

FoRTH-€6M'ING, a Ready to appear ; making appear- 
ance. 

f FOR-THINK', V. t. To repent of. Spenser. 

FoRTH-IS'SU-ING, a. Issuing 5 coming out ; coming for- 
ward as from a covert. Pope. 

t FoRTH-RiGHT', adv. Straight forward ; in a straight di- 
rection. Sidney. 

t FoRTH-RlGHT', n. A straight path. Shak. 

FoRTH'WARD, adv. Forward. Bp. Fisher. 

FORTH -WITH', adv. Immediately; without delay; di- 
rectly. 

fFoRiTHY, adv. [Sax. forthi.] Therefore. Spenser. 

FOR'TI-ETH, a. The fourth tenth ; noting the number next 
after the thirty-ninth. 

FOR'TI-FI-A-BLE, a. That may be fortified. [Little used.] 

FOR-TI-PI-€a'TION, n. 1. Tlie act of fortifying. 2. The 
art or science of fortifying places to defend them against 
an enemy. 3. The works erected to defend a place 
against attack. 4. A fortified place ; a fort ; a castle. 5. 
Additional strength. 

FOR'TI-Fl-ER, 71. 1. One who erects works for defense. 
2. One who strengthens, supports and upholds ; that 
which strengthens. 

FOR'TI-FY, v.t. [Fr. fortifier.] I. To strengthen and se- 
cure by forts, batteries, and other works of art. 2. To 
strengthen against any attack. 3. To confirm ; to add 
strength and firmness to. 4. To furnish with strength or 
means of resisting force, violence or assault. 

FOR'TI-FY, V. i. To raise strong places. Milton. 

> FoR'TI-LAGE, n. A little fort ; a block-house. 

FoRT'IN, 71. [Fr.] A little fort ; a field fort ; a sconce. 

FOR'TI-TUDE, n. [L. fortitude.] That strength or firm- 
ness of mind which enables a person to encounter danger 
with coolness and courage, or to bear pain or adversity 
without murmuring, depression or despondency. We 
sometimes confound the effect with the cause, and use 
fortitude as synonymous with courage or patience ; but 
courage is an active virtue or vice, and patience is the 
effect of fortitude. 

FoRT'LET, n. A little fort. 

FORT'NIGHT, (foit'nit) n. [contracted from fourteen 
nights.] The space of fourteen days ; two weeks. 

FOR'TRESS, 71. [Fr. forteresse.] 1. Any fortified place ; a 
fort ; a castle ; a strong hold ; a place of defense or secu- 
rity. 2. Defense ; safety ; security 

FOR'TRESS, V. t. To furnish with fortresses ; to guard ; to 
fortify. Shak. 

FOR'TRESSED, a. Defended by a fortress. 

FOR-Tu'I-TOUS, a. [L. fortuitus.] Accidental ; casual ; 
happening by chance ; coming or occurring unexpectedly, 
or without any known cause. 

FOR-TC'I-TOUS-LY, adv. Accidentally; casually. 

FOR-Ttf'I-TOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being accident- 
al ; accident ; chance. 

FOR-TU'I-TY, 71. Chance ; accident. Forbes. 

FOR'TU-NATE, a. [L. fortunatus.] I. Coming by good 
luck or favorable chance ; bringing some unexpected 
good. 2. Lucky ; successful ; receiving some unforeseen 
or unexpected good. 3. Successful ; happy ; prosperous. 

FOR'TU-NATE-LY, adv. Luckily ; successfully ; happily ; 
by good fortune, or favorable chance or issue. 

FOR'TU-NATE-NESS, n. Good luck; success; happi- 
ness. Sidney. 

FOR'TUNE, 71. [Fr. ; L.fortuna.] I. The good or ill that 
befalls man. 2. Success, good or bad ; event. 3. The 
chance of life ; means of living ; wealth. 4. Estate ; 
possessions. 5. A large estate ; great wealth. 6. The 
portion of a man or woman ; generally of a woman. 7. 
Futurity ; future state or events ; destiny. 



t FOR'TUNE, V. t. 1. To make fortunate. Chaucer. 9. To 
dispose fortunately or not ; also, to presage. Dryden. 

FOR'TUNE, v.i. To befaU; to fall out; to happen; to 
come casually to pass. Knolles. 

FOR'TUNE-BOOK, n. A book to be consulted to discover 
future events. Crashaw. 

FOR'TUNED, a. Supplied by fortune. Shak. 

FOR'TUNE-HUNT-ER, n. A man who seeks to marry a 
woman with a large portion, with a view to enrich him- 
self. Addison. 

FOR'TUNE-LESS, a. Luckless ; also, destitute of a for 
tune or portion. 

FOR'TUNE-TELL, v. t. To teU or pretend to tell the fu- 
ture events of one's life ; to reveal futurity. 

FOR'TUNE-TELL-ER, n. One who tells or pretends to 
foretell the events of one's life. 

FOR'TUNE-TELL-ING, ppr. Tellmg the future events of 
one's life. 

FOR'TUNE-TELL-ING, n. The act or practice of foreteU- 
ing the future fortune or events of one's life, 

t FOR'TU-NIZE, V. t. To regulate the fortune of. 

FOR'TY, a. [Sax. feowertig.] 1. Four times ten. 2. An 
indefinite number ; a colloquial use. 

Fo'RUM, n. [L.] 1. In Rovie, a public place, where causes 
were judicially tried, and orations delivered to the people ; 
also, a market-place. 2. A tribunal ; a court ; any as- 
sembly empowered to hear and decide causes ; also, ju 
risdiction. 

t FOR-WAN'DER, v. i. To wander away ; to rove wildly 

t FOR-WAN'DERED, a. Lost ; bewildered. 

FOR'WARD, adv. [Sax.forweard.] Toward a part or place 
before or in front ; onward ; progressively. — In a ship, 
for?card denotes toward the forepart. 

FOR'WARD, a. 1. Near or at the forepart ; in advance of 
something else. 2. Ready; prompt; strongly inclined. 
3. Ardent ; eager ; earnest ; violent. 4. Bold ; confident ; 
less reserved or modest than is proper. 5. Advanced be- 
yond the usual degree ; advanced for the season. 6. 
Uuick ; hasty ; too ready. 7. Anterior ; fore. 8. Ad- 
vanced ; not behindhand. 

FOR'WARD, v.t. 1. To advance ; to help onward ; to 
promote. 2. To accelerate ; to quicken ; to hasten. 3. 
To send forward ; to send towards the place of destina- 
tion ; to transmit. 

FOR'WARD-ED, pp. Advanced ; promoted ; aided in pro 
gress ; quickened ; sent onward ; transmitted. 

FOR'WARD-ER, n. He that promotes, or advances in 
progress. 

FOR'WARD-ING, ppr. Advancing ; promoting ; aiding in 
progress ; accelerating in growth ; sending onwards ; 
transmitting. 

FOR'WARD-LY, adv. Eagerly ; hastily ; quickly. 

FOR'.WARD-NESS, n. 1. Cheerful readiness; promptness. 
2. Eagerness ; ardor. 3. Boldness ; confidence ; assu- 
rance ; want of due reserve or modesty. 4. A state of 
advance beyond the usual degree. 

t FOR-WaSTE', v. t. To waste ; to desolate. Spenser. 

t FOR-WeA'RY, v. t. To dispirit. Spenser. 

FOR-WEEF, v. i. To weep much. Chaucer. 

t FOR'WoRD, 71. A promise. Spenser. 

FOSSE, ) n. [Fr. fosse.] 1. A ditch or moat ; a word used 

FOSS, \ ill fortification. — 2. In anatomy, a kind of cavity 
in a bone, with a large aperture. Encyc. 

FOS'SIL, a. [Fr. fossile.] I. Dug out of the earth ; as, 
fossil coal. 2. That may be taken from the earth by 
digging. 

FOS'SIL, n. A substance dug from the earth, or penetrated 
with earthy or metallic particles. 

FOS'SIL-€o-PAL, 71. Highgate resin. 

FOS'SIL-IST, 71. One who studies the nature and pioper- 
ties of fossils. Black. 

FOS-SIL-I-Za'TION, 71. The act or process of converting 
into a fossil or petrifaction. Journ. of Science. 

FOS'SIL-iZE, V. t. To convert into a fossil. 

FOS'SIL-iZE, V. i. To be changed into a fossil. 

FOS'SIL-IZED, pp. Converted into a fossil. 

FOS'SIL-I-ZING, ppr. Changing into a fossil. 

FOS-SIL'0-GY, n. [fossil, and Gr. Xoyos.] A discourse or 
treatise on fossils ; also, the science of fossils. 

FOSS'RoAD, or FOSS'WaY, n. A Roman military way 
in England, leading from Totness to Barton. Encyc. 

FOS TER, V. t. [Sax. fostrian.] 1. To feed ; to nourish ; to 
support ; to bring up. 2. To cherish ; to forward ; to 
promote growth. 3. To cherish ; to encourage ; to sustair 
and promote. 

FOS'TER, V. i. To be nourished or trained up together. 

FOS'TER, n. A forester. Spenser. 

FOS'TER-AGE, 7t. The charge of nursing. Raleigh. 

FOS'TER-BR6TH-ER, n. A male nursed at the same 
breast, or fed by the same nurse. 

FOS'TER-CHiLD, 71. A child nursed by a woman not the 
mother, or bred by a man not the father. 

FOS'TER-DAM, n. A nurse ; one that performs the office 
of a mother by giving food to a child. 



* See Synopsis. A, £, f, 5^ tJ, "S?, Img.- FAR, F^LL, Wll^T ,—VK&Y j— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;- 



O''iolet^ 



FOU 



357 



FOX 



FOS'TER-EARTH, n Earth by which a plant is nourish- 
eu, though not its native soil. Philips. 

FOS'TERED, pp. Nourished; cherished; promoted. 

FOS'TER-ER, n. A nurse ; one that feeds and nourishes in 
the place of parents. Davies. 

FOS'TER-FA-THER, n. One who takes the place of a 
father in feeding and educating a child. Bacon. 

FOSTER-ING, ppr. Nursing; cherishing; bringing up. 

FOS'TER-ING, n. 1. The act of nursing, nourishing and 
cherishing. 2. Nourishment. Chaucer. 

FOS'TER-LING, n. A foster-child. B.Jonson. 

■f FOS'TER-MENT, n. Food ; nourishment. 

F0S'TER-M6TH-ER, n. A nurse. 

FOS'TER-NURSE, 71. A nurse. {Tautological.'] 

FOS'TER-SHIP, n. The office of a forester. Churton. 

FOS'TER-SIS-TER, n. A female nursed by the same per- 
son. Swift. 

FOS'TER-SoN, 11. One fed and educated, like a son, 
though not a son by birth. Drydcn. 

FOS'TRESS, 71. A female who feeds and cherishes; a 
nurse. B Jonson. 

FOTH'ER, Tu [G fuder ] A weight of lead containing 
eight pigs, and every pig twenty-one stone and ahalf. 

FOTH'ER, V. t. To endeavor to stop a leak in the bottom 
of a ship, while afloat. 

FOTH'ER-ING, ppr. Stopping leaks, as above. 

FOTPI'ER-ING, 71. The operation of stopping leaks in a 
ship. 

FOU-GADE', 71. [Fr. fougade.] In the art of ivar, a little 
mine, in the form of a well, dug under some work, fortifi- 
cation or post. 

FOUGHT, (fawt) pret. and pp. of fight. 

t FOUGHT'EN, for fought. 

FOUL, a. [Sax.fuljfaul.] 1. Covered with or containing 
extraneous matter which is injurious, noxious or offen- 
sive ; filthy ; duty ; not clean. 2. Turbid ; thick ; muddy. 
3. Impure ; polluted ; as, a foul mouth. Shak. 4. Im- 
pure ; scurrilous ; obscene or profane. 5. Cloudy and 
stormy ; rainy or tempestuous. 6. Impure ; defiling. 7. 
Wicked ; detestable ; abominable. 8. Unfair ; not hon- 
est ; not lawful or according to established rules or cus- 
toms. 9. Hateful ; ugly ; loathsome. 10. Disgraceful ; 
shameful. 11. Coarse; gross. 12. Full of gross humors 
or impurities. 13. Full of weeds. — 14. Among sea7?tert, 
entangled ; hindered from motion ; opposed to clear. 15. 
Covered with weeds or barnacles. 16. Not fair ; contraiy. 
17. Not favorable or safe; dangerous.— To fall foul, 1. Is 
to rush on with haste, rough force and unseasonable vio- 
lence. 2. To run against. 

FOUL, V. t. [Sax. fulian, gefijlan.] To make filthy ; to 
defile ; to daub ; to dirty ; to bemire ; to soil. 

t FOUL'DER, V. i. To emit great heat. Spense-^- 

FOULED, pp. Defiled ; dirtied. 

FOUL'FaCED, a. Having an ugly or hateful visage. 

FOUL-FEED'ING, a. Gross ; feeding grossly. Hall. 

FOUL'ING, ppr. JMaking foul ; defiling. 

FOUL'LY, adv. 1. Filthily ; nastily ; hatefully ; scandal- 
ously ; disgracefully ; shamefully. 2. Unfairly ; not hon- 
estly. 

FOUL'MOUTHED, a. Using language scurrilous, oppro- 
brious, obscene or profane ; uttering abuse, or profane or 
obscene words ; accustomed to use bad language. 

FOUL'NESS, n. 1. The quality of being foul or filthy; 
filthiness ; defilement. 2. The quality or state of con- 
taining or being covered with any thing extraneous which 
is noxious or offensive. 3. Pollution ; impurity. 4. Hate- 
fulness ; atrociousness. 5. Ugliness ; deformity. 6. Un- 
fairness ; dishonesty; want of candor. 

FOUL'SPO-KEN, a. 1. Slanderous. Shak. 2. Using pro- 
fane, scurrilous or obscene language. 

FOU'MART, 71. [?,cot. foumarte.] The polecat. 

FOUND, prct. and pp. of find. 

FOUND, V. t. {l^.fundo ; Fr. fonder.} 1. To lay the basis 
of any thing ; to set, or place, as on something solid for 
support. 2. To begin and build ; to lay the foundation, 
and raise a superstructure. 3. To set or place ; to estab- 
lish, as on sometliing solid or durable. 4. To begin ; to 
form or lay the basis. 5. To give birth to ; to originate. 
6. To set ; to place ; to establish on a basis. 7. To fix 
firmly. 

FOUND, V. t. [L.fundo ; Fr.fondre.] To cast ; to form by 
melting a metal and pouring it into a mold. 

FOUN-Da'TION, n. ['L.fandatio.] 1. The basis of an edi- 
fice ; that part of a building which lies on the ground. 2. 
The act of fixing the basis. 3. The basis or ground-work 
of any thing. 4. Original; rise. 5. Endowment; a do- 
nation or legacy appropriated to support an institution. 
6. Establishment ; settlement. 

FOUN-Da'TION-LESS, a. Having no foundation. 

FOUND'ED, pp. Set ; fixed ; established on a basis ; begun 
and built. 

FOUND'ER, n. 1 One that founds, establishes and erects ; 
one that lays a foundation. 2. Onp who begins ; an au- 
thor ; one from svhom ^ny thing originates. 3. One who 



endows ; one who furnishes a permanent fund for the 
support of an institution.— 4. [Fr. fondeur.] A castei , 
one who casts metals. 

FOUND'ER, V. i. [Fx.fondrc.] 1 In scamen^s language, tu 
fill or be filled, and sink, as a ship. 2. To fail ; to mis- 
carry. 3. To trip ; to fall. 

FOUND'ER, V. t. To cause internal inflammation and great 
soreness in the feet of a horse. 

FOUND'ERED, pp. Made lame in the feet by inflammation 
and extreme tenderness. 

t FOUND'ER-OUS, a. Failing ; liable to perish ; minous. 
Burke. 

FOUND'ER-Y, n. [Fr. fonderie.] 1. The art of casting- 
metals into various forms for use ; the casting of statues 
2. The house and works occupied in casting metals. 

FOUND'LING, n. A deserted or exposed infant; a child 
found without a parent or owner. 

FOUND'RESS, n. A female founder ; a woman who founds 
or establishes, or who endows with a fund. 

FOUNT, Ui. [L.fons ; Fr.foiHaine; Sp. fuente.] 1. 

FOUNT'AIN, ) A spring, or source of water ; properly, 
spring or issuing of water from the earth. 2. A small 
basin of springing water. 3. A jet; a spouting of water ; 
an artificial spring. 4. The head or source of a river. 5. 
Original ; first principle or cause ; the source of anything. 
— Fount of types. See Font. 

FOUNT'AIN-HEAD, 71. Primary source ; original ; first 
principle. Young. 

FOUNT'AIN-LESS, a. Having no fount^iin ; wanting a 
spring. Milton. 

FOUNT' AIN-TREE, n. In the Canary isles, a tree which 
distills water from its leaves. 

FOUNT'FTJL, a. Full of springs. Chapman. 

Four, a. rSax. feower ; G. ijier.] Twice two. 

F5URBE, 71. [Fr.] A tricking fellow ; a cheat. 

FoUR'FoLD, a. Four double; quadruple; four times 
told. 

FoUR'FoLD, n. Four times as much. 

FoUR'FoLD, V. t. To assess in a fourfold ratio. [JVot au- 
thorized.] 

FoUR'F09T-ED, a. Quadruped; having four feet. 

FOUR'RIER, 71. [Fr.] A harbinger. [JVot English.] 

Four score, a. Four times twenty ; eighty. It is used 
elliptically for fourscore years. 

FSUll'SarjARE, a. Having four sides and four angles 
equal ; quadrangular. Raleigh. 

FoUR'TEEN, a. [four and ten ; Sax. feowertyn.] Four 
and ten ; twice seven. 

FoUR'TEENTH, a. The ordinal of fourteen ; the fourth 
after the tenth. 

FOURTH, a. The ordinal of four ; the next after the third. 

Fourth, n. in music, an interval composed of two tones 
and a semitone. 

FoURTH'LY, adv. .In the fourth place. 

FoUR'WHEELED, a. Having or running on four wheels. 

FOU'TER, 71. A despicable fellow. Brocket. 

fFOU-TRA', n. [Fx.foutre.] A fig ; a scoff. Shak. 

FOU'TY, a. [Fx.foutu.] Despicable. 

FO-VIL'LA, 71. A fine substance, imperceptible to the 
naked eye, emitted from the pollen of flowers. 

FOWL, 71. \_BdiX. fugel,fagl.] A flying or winged animal ; 
a bird. — Fowl is used as a collective noun ; as, we dined on 
fish and fowl. 

FOWL, V. i. To catch or kill wild fowls for game. 

FOWL'ER, n. A sportsman who pursues wild fowls, or 
takes or kills them for food. 

FOWL'ING, ppr. Pui-suing or taking wild fowls. 

FOWL'ING, 71. The art or practice of catching or shooting 
fowls ; also, falconry. 

FOWL'ING-PIECE, 71. A light gun for shooting fowls. 

FOX, 71. [Sax. /or.] 1. An animal of the genus canis, with 
a straight tail, yellowish or straw-colored hair, and erect 
ears, remarkable for cunning. 2. A sly, cunning fellow. 
— 3. In seamen^s language, a seizing made by twisting 
several rope-yarns together. 4. Formerly, a cant expres- 
sion for a sword. Shak. 

t FOX, v. t. To intoxicate ; to stupefy. Boyle. 

t FOX'CASE, 71. The skin of a fox. L'Estrange. 

FOX'CHASE, 71. The pursuit of a fox with hounds. 

fFOX'ER-Y, 71. Behavior like that of a fox. Chaucer 

FOX'E-VIL, 71. A disease in which the hair falls off 

FOX'FISH, 71. A fish. 

FOX'GLoVE, 71. The name of a plant, the digitalis. 

FOX'HOUND, 71. A hound for chasing foxes. 

FOX HUNT, 77. The chase or hunting of a fox. 

FOX'HUNT-ER, 7i. One who hunts or pursues foxes with 
hounds. 

FOX'ISH, \ 

FOX'LIKE, > a. Resembling a fox in qualities : cunning. 

FOX'LY, > 

FOX'SHIP, 71. The character or qualities of a fox ; cun- 
ning. Shak. 

FOX'TAIL, 71. A species of grass, the alopecurus. 

FOX'TRAP, 71. A trap, or a gin or snare, to catch foxes. 



See Synop^. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; C as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



FRA 



358 



FRA 



FOX Y, a. rerta-niiig to foxes ; wily. 
FOY, 71. [Fr foi.] Faith. Spenser. 

FOY, n. [Tent, foey.] A feast given by one who is about to 
leave a place. England^s Jests. 

FOY'SON. SeeFoisoN. 

FRa'€AS, n. [Fr..] An uproar 3 a noisy quarrel ; a dis- 
turbance. 
FRA€T, V. t. To break. 

FRA€'TI0N, ?i. [Ij.f radio ; ¥y. fraction.'] 1. The act of 
breaking, or state of being broken, especially by violence. 
— 2. In arithmetic and algebra, a broken part of an inte- 
gral or integer. 

""11A€'T10N-AL, a. Belonging to a broken number ; com- 
prising a part or the parts of a unit. 

i RA€'TIOUS, a. Apt to break out into a passion ; apt to 
quarrel ; cross ; snappish. 

PRAC'TIOUS-LY, adv. Passionately ; snappishly. 

"^Ae'TIOUS-NESS, n. A cross or snappish temper. 

FRA€T'URE, n. [h. fractura.] 1. A breach in any body, 
especially a breach caused by violence ; a rupture of a 
solid body. — 2. In surgery, the rupture or disruption of a 
bone.— 3. In mineralogy, the manner in which a mineral 
Dreaks, and by which its textm-e is displayed. 

FRA€T'URE, v. t. To break 3 to burst asunder; to crack; 
to separate continuous parts. 

^5,A€T'URED, pp. Broken ; cracked. 

FR A€T'UR-ING, ppr. Breaking 3 bursting asunder ; crack- 
ing. 

FRA6'iLE, a. [L fragilis.] I. Brittle; easily broken. 2. 
Weak ; liable to fail 3 easily destroyed. Milton. 

■"RA-GIL'I-TY, n. 1. Brittleness 3 easiness to be broken. 
2. Weakness ; liableness to fail. 3. Frailty ; liableness 
to fault. 

FRAG'MENT, n. [L.fragmentum.] 1. A part broken off ; 
a piece separated from an v thing by breaking. 2. A part 
separated from the rest ; an impeifect part. 3. A small 
detached portion. 

FRAG'MENT- A-RY, a. Composed of fragments. 

FRa'GOR, n. [L.] 1. A loud and sudden sound 3 the re- 
port of any thing bursting ; a loud, harsh sound ; a crash. 
2. A strong or sweet scent ; [obs.] 

FRa'GRANCE, In. [1,. fi-agrantia.] Sweetness of smell ; 

FRa'GRAN-CY, \ that quality of bodies which affects the 
olfactory nerves with an agreeable sensation; pleasing 
scent ; grateful odor. 

FRa'GRANT, a. Sweet of smell ; odorous. Milton. 

FRa'GRANT-LY, adv. With sweet scent. Mortimer. 

FRAIL, a. [Fr. frile ; It. frale.] 1. Weak ; infirm ; liable 
to fail and decay ; subject to casualties ; easily destroyed 3 
perishable; not firm or durable. 2. Weak in mind or 
resolution ; liable to error or deception. 3. Weak 3 easi- 
ly broken or overset. 

FRAIL, 71. [Norm, fraile ] 1. A basket made of rushes. 
2, A rush for weaving baskets. 3. A certain quantity of 
raisins, about 75 pounds. 

FRaIL'NESS, n. Weakness ; infirmity. 

FRaIL'TY, 71. 1. Weakness of resolution ; infirmity ;lia 
bleness to be deceived or seduced. 2. Frailness ; infirm- 
ity of body. 3. Fault proceeding from weakness ; foible ; 
sin of infirmity. 

FRaI'SCHEUR, n. [Fr.] Freshness ; coolness. [JVot Eng- 
lish.'] Dryden. 

FRAISE, 71. [Fr.] In /o?-f jyicaijo??, a defense consisting of 
pointed stakes driven into the retrenchments, parallel to 
the horizon. 2. A pancake with bacon in it ; \_obs.] 

FRAM, a. [Icel. framur.] Tender ; brittle. Written also 
frem and frim. Craven dialect. 

FRAME, V. t. [Sax. fremman.] 1. To fit or prepare and 
unite several parts in a regular structure or entire thing ; 
to fabricate by orderly construction and union of various 
parts. 2. To fit one thing to another ; to adjust ; to make 
suitable. 3. To make ; to compose. 4. To regulate ; to 
adjust ; to shape ; to conform. 5. To form and digest by 
thought. 6. To contrive 3 to plan 3 to devise. 7. To in- 
vent ; to fabricate. 

FRAME, v. i. To contrive. Judges, xii. 6. 

FRAME, n. 1. The timbers of an edifice fitted and joined 
in the form proposed, for the purpose of supporting the 
covering. 2. Any fabric or structure composed of parts 
united. 3. Any kind of case or structure made for admit- 
tmg, inclosing or supporting things. — 4. Among printers, 
a stand to support the cases in which the types are dis- 
tributed. — 5. Among founders, a kind of ledge, inclosing 
a board, which, being filled with wet sand, serves as a 
mold for castings. G. A sort of loom, on which linen, silk, 
&c. is stretched for quilting or embroidering. 7. Order; 
regularity 3 adjusted series or composition of parts. 8. 
Form 3 scheme ; structure 5 constitution ; system. 9. Con- 
trivance ; projection. 10. Fhape ; form ; proportion. 

FRAME'WoRK, ?i. Work dnne in a frame. Milton. 

FRAMED, pp. Fitted and united in due form ; made ; com- 
posed ; devised; adjusted. 

FRaMIER, 71. One who frames ; a maker ; a contriver. 

FRaM'ING, ppr Fitting and joining in due construction; 



making; fabricating 3 composing 3 adjusting; inventing 
contrivinj. 

t FRAMToLD, a. Peevish 3 rugged. Hacket. 

FRAN'CHlSE, (fran'chiz) n. [Fr.] I. A particular privi- 
lege or right granted by a prince or sovereign to an indi- 
vidual, or to a number of persons. 2. Exemption from a 
burden or duty to which others are subject. -3. The dis- 
trict or jurisdiction to which a particular privilege ex- 
tends ; the limits of an immunity. 4. An asylum or sanc- 
tuary, where persons are secure from arrest. 

FRAN'CHlSE, v. t. To make free ; but enfranchise is more 
generally used. Shak. 

FRAN'CHlSE-MENT, n. Release from burden or restric- 
tion ; freedom. Spenser. 

FRAN'CIC, a. Pertaining to the Franks or French. 

FRAN-CIS'€AN, a. Belonging to the order of St. Fran 

FRa'n-CIS'CAN, n. One of the order of St. Francis. They 
are called, also, Gray Friars. 

FRAN-GI-BIL'I-TY, n. The state or quality of being fran- 
gible. 

FRAN'GI-BLE, a. [L.frango.] That may be broken 3 brit- 
tle ; fragile ; easily broken. 

t FRAN'ION, n. A paramour, or a boon companion. Spen- 
ser. 

FRANK, a. [Fr. franc ; It., Sp. franco ; G. frank.] 1 
Open ; ingenuous ; candid ; free in uttering real senti- 
ments 3 not reserved 3 using no disguise. 2. Open ; in- 
genuous. 3. Liberal ; generous; not niggardly. 4. Free; 
without conditions or compensation. 5. Licentious; un- 
restrained ; [obs.] 

FRANK, or FRANC, n. 1. An ancient coin of France 

2. A letter which is exempted from postage ; or the writ- 
ing which renders it free. 3. A sty for swine 3 [not 
used.] 

FRANK, 71. 1. A name given by the Turks, Greeks and 
Arabs to any of the inhabitants of the western parts of 
Europe. 2. An inhabitant of Fran conia in Germany. 

FRANK, V. t. 1. To exempt, as a letter from the charge 
of postage. 2. To shut up in a sty cr frank 3 [not used."! 

3. To feed high 3 to cram ; to fatten ; [obs.] 
FRANK-AL-MOIGNE', (frank-al-moin') n. [frank, and 

Norm, almoigncs.] Free alms ; in English law, a tenure 
by which a religious corporation hold^lands to them and 
their successors forever, on condition of praying for the 
soul of the donor. 

FRANK'CHASE, n. A liberty of free chase. 

FRANKED, ^;p. Exempted from postage. 

FRANK'FEE, n. Freehold; a holding of lands in fee sim- 
ple. Encyc. 

* FRANK-IN'CENSE, or FRANK'IN-CENSE, n. [frank 
and incense.] A dry, resinous substance, in pieces or drops, 
of a pale, yellowish-white color, of a bitterish, acrid taste, 
and very inflammable, used as a perfume. 

FRANK'ING, ppr. Exempting from postage. 

FRANK'ISH, a. Relating to the Franks. Verstegan. 

FRANK'LAVr, n. Free or common law, or the benefit a 
person has by it, 

t FRANK'LIN, n. A freeholder. Spenser. 

FRANK'LIN-ITE, 71. A mineral compound. 

FRANK'LY, a(Zt). 1. Openly; freely; ingenuously; with- 
out reserve, constraint or disguise. 2. Liberally ; freely ; 
readily. 

FRANK'MAR-RIAGE, n. A tenure in tail special. 

FRANK'NESS, n. 1. Plainness of speech ; candor ; free- 
dom in communication ; openness ; ingenuousness. 2. 
Fairness ; freedom from art or craft. 3. Liberality 3 
bounteousness ; [little used.] 

FRANKTLEDGE, n. A pledge or surety for the good be- 
havior of freemen. 

FRANK-TEN'E-MENT, 71. An estate of freehold ; the pos- 
session of the soil by a freeman. 

FRAN'TIC, a. [L. phrcneticus.] 1. Mad ; raving ; furious ; 
outrageous ; wild and disorderly ; distracted. 2. Charac- 
terized by violence, fury and disorder ; noisy ; mad ; 
wild ; irregular. 

FRAN'TIC-LY, adv. Madlv ; distractedly; outrageously 

FRAN'TIC-NESS, n JMadness ; fury of passion ; distrac- 
tion. 

FRAP, V. t. In seamen^s language, to cross and draw to- 
gether the several parts of a tackle to increase the ten- 
sion. 

FRA-TERN'AL, a. [Fr.fraternel ; 'L.fraternus.] Brother- 
ly 3 pertaining to brethren ; becoming brothers. 

FRA-TERN'AL-LY, adv. In a brotherly manner. 

FRA-TERN'I-TY, 71. [h. fraterniias.] 1. The state or 
quality of a brother; brotherhood. 2. A body of men as- 
sociated for their common interest or pleasure ; a compa- 
ny ; a brotherhood ; a society. 3. Men of the same class, 
profession, occupation or character. 

FRA-TER-NI-Za'TION, n. Ihe act of associating and 
holding fellowship as brethren. Burke. 

FRA-TERN'IZE, v. i. To associate or hold fellowship as 
brothers, or as men of like occupation. 



* See Synopsis. A, E , 1,0, Cf, ^, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete 



FRE 



359 



FRE 



* FRAT'RI-CIDE, n [L. fratricidium.] 1. Tlie crime of 
murdering a brother. 2. One who murders a brother. 

FBAUD, 71. [L.fraus.] Deceit 5 deception; trick; artifice 
by which the right or interest of another is injured. 

FRAUD'FUL, a. 1. Deceitful in malting bargains ; trick- 
is'li ; treacherous. 2. Containing fraud or deceit. 

FRAUD'FUL-LY, adv. Deceitfully ; with intention to de- 
ceive and gain an undue advantage ; trickishly ; treache- 
rously ; by stratagem. 

FRAUD'U-LENCE, ) n. Deceitfulness ; trickishness in 

FRAUD'U-LEN-CY, \ making bargains, or in social 
concerns. 

FRAUD'U-LENT, a. 1. Deceitful in making contracts; 
tri'ckish. 2. Containing fraud ; founded on fraud ; pro- 
ceeding from fraud. 3. Deceitful ; treacherous. 

FRAUD'U-LENT-LY, adv. By fraud; by deceit; by arti- 
fice or imposition. 

FRAUGHT, (frawt) a. [D. vragt ; G. fracht.] I. Laden ; 
loaded ; charged. 2. Filled ; stored ; full. 

f FRAUGHT, m. A freight; a cargo. Drijden. 

t FRAUGHT, V. t. To load ; to fill ; to crowd. Shak. 

■f FRAUGHT'AGE, n. Loading; cargo. Shak. 

FRAY, ?i. [Yx. fracas.'] 1. A broil, quarrel, or violent riot, 
that puts men in fear. 2. A combat; a battle; also, a 
single combat or duel. 3. A contest ; contention. 4. A 
rub ; a fret or chafe in cloth ; a place injured by rubbing. 

t FRAY, V. t. To fright ; to terrify. Spenser. 

FRAY, V. t. {Fx.frayer.] I. To rub; to fret, as cloth by 
wearing. 2 To rub. 

FRAYED, pp. Frightened; rubbed; worn. 

FRaY'ING, ppr. Frightening ; terrifying ; rubbing. 

FRaY'ING, n. Peel of a deer's horn, B, Jnnson. 

FReAK, n. [Ice. freka.] 1. Literalhj, a sudden starting 
or change of place. 2. A sudden, causeless change or turn 
of the mind ; a whim or fancy ; a capricious prank. 

FReAK, v. t. To variegate; to checker. 

FREAKED, pp. Variegated; checkered. 

FREx\K'ING, ppr. Variegating. 

FReAK'ISH, a. Apt to change the mind suddenly; whim- 
sical ; capricious. L'Estrange. 

FReAKTSH-LY, adv. Capriciously; with sudden change 
of mind, without cause. 

FReAK'ISH-NESS, n. Capriciousness ; whimsicalness. 

FRECKLE, 71. 1. A spot of a yellowish color in the skin. 

2. Any small spot or discoloration. 

FRECKLED, a. 1. Spotted ; having small yellowisli spots 
on the skin or surface. 2. Spotted. 

FRECKLED-NESS, 71. The state of being freckled. 

FRECKLE-FACED, a. Having a face full of freckles. 

FRECK'LY, a. Full of freckles ; sprinkled with spots. 

FRED, Sax. frith, Bsin. fred, Sw.frid, G.friede, D.vreedc, 
peace; as in Frederic, dominion of peace, or ricli in 
peace ; Winfred, victorious peace. 

FREE, a. [Sax. frig, freoh.] 1. Being at liberty ; not be- 
ing under necessity or restraint, physical or moral. — 2. In 
government, not enslaved ; not in a state of vassalage or 
dependence ; subject only to fixed laws, made by consent. 

3. Instituted by a free people ; not arbitrary or despotic. 

4. Not imprisoned, confined or under arrest. 5. Uncon- 
strained ; unrestrained ; not under compulsion or co7itrol. 
6. Permitted ; allowed ; open ; not appropriated. 7. Not 
obstructed. 8. Licentious ; unrestrained. 9, Open ; can- 
did ; frank; ingenuous; unreserved. 10. Liberal in ex- 
penses; not parsimonious. 11. Gratuitous; not gained 
by importunity or purchase. 12. Clear of crime or offense ; 
guiltless ; innocent. 13. Not having feeling or suffering ; 
clear ; exempt. 14. Not encumbered with. 15. Open to 
all ; without restriction or without expense. 16. Invested 
with franchises ; enjoying certain immunities; with of. 

17. Possessing without vassalage or slavish conditions. 

18. Liberated from the government or control of parents, 
or of a guardian or master. 19. Ready ; eager ; not dull ; 
acting without spurring or whipping. 20. Genteel ; 
charming ; [not in use.] 

FREE, ■u.'t. 1. To remove from a thing any encumbrance 
or obstruction ; to disengage from ; to rid ; to strip ; to 
clear. 2. To set at liberty ; to rescue or release from 
slavery, captivity or confinement ; to loose. 3. To disen- 
tangle ; to disengage. 4. To exempt. 5. To manumit; 
to release from bondage. 6. To clear from water ; as a 
ship by pumping. 7. To release from obligation or duty. 
— To free from, or free of, is to rid of, by removing in any 
manner. 

FREE-BENCH', n. A widow's dower in a copyhold. 

FREE'BOOT-ER, 71. [B. vrybuiter ; G. freibeuter.] One 
who wanders about for plunder ; a robber ; a pillager ; a 
plunderer. 

FREE'BOOT-ING, n. Robbery ; plunder ; a pillaging. 

FREE'BORN, a. Born free ; not in vassalage ; inheriting 
liberty, 

FREE-CHAP'EL, n. In England, a chapel founded by the 
king, and not subject to the jurisdiction of the ordinary. 

FREE'COST, 71. Without expense ; freedom from charges. 
South. 



FREED, pp. Set at liberty; loosed; delivered from re^ 
straint; cleared of hinderance or obstruction. 

FREE-DEN'I-ZEN, n. A citizen. Jackson. 

FREE-DEN'I-ZEN, v. t. [free and denizen.] To make 
free. Bp. Hall. 

FREED'MAN, 71. A man who has been a slave and is man- 
umitted. 

FREE'DOM, 71. 1. A state of exemption from the power or 
control of another ; liberty ; exemption from slavery, ser 
vitude or confinement. 2. Particular privileges ; fran- 
chise ; immunity. 3. Power of enjoying franchises. 4 
Exemption from fate, necessity, or any constraint in con 
sequence of predetermination or otherwise. 5. Any ex- 
emption from constraint or control. 6. Ease or facility of 
doing any thing. 7. Frankness ; boldness. 8. License; 
improper familiarity ; violation of the rules of decorum; 
with a plural. 

FREE-FISH'ER-Y, 7?. A royal franchise or exclusive privi- 
lege of fishing in a public river. 

t FREE'FQOT-ED, a. Not restrained in marching. 

FREE-HEART'ED, a. [See Heart.] 1. Open; frank; un- 
reserved. 2. Liberal; charitable; eenerous. 

FREE-HEART'ED-NESS, n. Frankness; opeiiness of 
heart ; Hberality. Burnet. 

FREE'HoLD, n. That land or tenement whicl) is held in 
fee-simple, fee-tail, or for term of life. — In the United 
States, a freehold is an estate which a man holds in his 
own riglit, subject to no superior nor to conditions. 

FREE'HbLD-ER, n. One who owns an estate in fee-simple, 
fee-tail or for life ; the possessor of a freehold. 

FREE'ING, ppr. Delivering from restraint ; releasing froni 
confinement; removing incumbrances or hinderances 
from any thing ; clearing. 

FRF^FJhY, adv. 1. At liberty; without vassalage, slavery 
or dependence. 2. Without restraint, constraint or com- 
pulsion ; voluntarily. 3. Plentifully ; in abundance. 4. 
Without scruple or reserve. 5. Without impediment or 
hinderance. 6. Without necessity, or compulsion from 
divme predetermination. 7. Without obstruction ; large- 
ly ; copiously. 8. Spontaneously ; without constraint or 
persuasion. ' 9. Liberally ; generously. 10. Gratuitously ; 
of free will or grace, without purchase or consideration. 

FREE'MAN, n. 1. One who enjoys liberty, or who is not 
subject to the will of another ; one not a slave or vassal. 
2. One who enjoys or is entitled to a franchise or peculiar 
privilege. 

FREE'MA-SON, n. One of the fi-aternity of masons. 

FREE'MlND-ED, a. Not perplexed ; free from care. 

FREE'NESS, n. 1. The state or quality of being free, un- 
constrained, unconfined, unincumbered or unobstructed. 
2. Openness ; unreservedness ; frankness ; ingeimous- 
ness ; candor. 3. Liberality ; generosity. 4. Gratuitous- 
ness. 

FRe'ER, 7!. One who gives freedom. 

FREE'SCHOOL, n. 1. A school supported by funds, &c., 
in which pupils are tauglit witliout paying for tuition. 2. 
A school open to admit pupils without restriction. 

FREE'SPO-KEN, a. Accustomed to speak without reserve. 

FREE'STONE, 71. Any species of stone composed of sand 
or grit, so called because it is easily cut or wrought. 

FREE'THINK-ER, n. A softer name for a deist; an unbe- 
liever ; one who discards revelation. 

FREE'THINK-ING, n. Unbelief. Berkeley. 

FREE'ToNGUED, a. Speaking without reserve 

FREE-WAR'REN, n. A royal franchise or exclusive right 
of killing beasts and fowls of warren within certain lim- 
its. 

FREE-WILL', 71. 1. The power of directing our own ac- 
tions without restraint by necessity or fate. 2. Volunta- 
riness ; spontaneousn.8ss. 

FREE'WOM-AN, 71. A woman not a slave. 

freeze', v.i. ; pref./?-oze ,• pTp. frozen, or froze. [Sax.fry- 
san.] 1. To be congealed by cold ; to be changed from a 
liquid to a solid state by the abstraction of heat ; to be 
hardened into ice or a like solid body. 2. To be of that 
degree of cold at which water congeals. 3. To chill; to 
stagnate, or to retire from the extreme vessels. 4. To be 
chilled ; to shiver with cold. 5. To die by means of cold. 

FREEZE, V. t. 1. To congeal ; to harden into ice ; to 
change from a fluid to a solid form by cold, or abstraction 
of heat. 2. To kill by cold- 3. To chill ; to give the sen- 
sation of cold and shivering. 

FREEZE, in architecture. See Frieze. 

FREIGHT, (frate) n. [D. vragt ; G. fracht.] 1. The car- 
go, or any part of the cargo of a ship ; lading ; that which 
is carried by water. 2. Transjwrtation of goods. 3. The 
hire of a ship, or money charged or paid for the transpor- 
tation of goods. 

FREIGHT, V. t. 1. To load with goods, as a ship or vessel 
of any kind, for transporting them from one place to an- 
other. 2. To load, as the burden. 

FREIGHT'ED, pp. Loaded, as a ship or vessel 

FREIGHT'ER, n. One who loads a ship, or one who char- 
ters and loads a ship. 



* See Synop.^. MOVE, BOQK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Olsolcte 



FRE 



360 



FRl 



FREIGUT'ING, ppr. Loading, as a ship or vessel. 

FRElS'LE-BEN, n. A mineral of a bluish color. 

FREMMED, a. [Sax. frem'd.] Strange j not related ; for- 
eign ; uncommon. Orose. 

t FKEN, 11. A stranger. Speiiser. 

FRENCH, a. Pertaining to France, or its inhabitants. 

FRENCH, 7(. The language spoken by the people of France. 

FRENCH-GRASS, n. Saint-foin. 

FRENCH-HORN, n. A wind instrument of music, made 
of metal. 

FRENCH'I-F\', V. t. To make French ; to infect with the 
manner of the French. Camden. 

FRENCfl'LiKE, a. Resembling the French. Bp. Hall. 

FRE-NET'ie. See Frantic and Phrenetic. 

FREN'ZIED, part. a. Affected with madness. 

FREN'ZY, 71. [Fr. frenesie ; L. phrenitis.] Madness ; dis- 
traction ; rage ; or any violent agitation of the mind, ap- 
proaching to distraction. 

FRE'aUENCE, n. [Fr.; 'L.frequentia.] A crowd ; a throng ; 
a concourse ; an assembly. [Little used.] Milton. 

FRE'aUEN-CY, 7t. 1. A return or occurrence of a thing 
often repeated at short intervals. 2. A crowd ; a throng ; 
[obs.] 

FRE'aUENT, a. [Fr. ; L. frequens.] 1. Often seen or 
done ; often happening at short intervals ; often repeated 
or occurring. 2. Used often to practice any thing. 3. 
Full : crowded ; thronged ; [obs.] 

* FRe'QUENT, or FRE-aUENT', TJ.i. [l..frequento.] To 
visit often ; to resort to often or habitually. 

t FRE-aUENT'A-BLE, a. Accessible. Sidney. 
FRE-aUEN-TA'TION, n. 1. The act of frequenting. 2. 

The habit of visiting often. 
FRE-QUENT'A-TIVE, a. [It.frequentativo.] Ingrammar, 

signifying the frequent repetition of an action. 

* FRE'aUENT-ED, pp. Often visited. 

* FRe'Q.UENT-ER, 71. One who often visits or resorts to 
customarily. 

FRE'aUENT-LY, adv. Often ; many times ; at short in- 
tervals ; commonly. 

FRE'aUENT-NESS, n. The quality of being frequent or 
often repeated. 

FRES'CO, n. [It. fresco.] 1. Coolness; shade; a cool, re- 
freshing state of the air ; duskiness. 2. A picture not 
drawn in glaring light, but in dusk. 3. A method of paint- 
ing in relief on walls, performed with water-colors on 
fresh plaster, or on a wall laid with mortar not yet dry. 
4. A cool, refreshing liquor. 

FRESH, a. [Sax./eT-^c] 1. Moving with celerity ; brisk; 
strong ; somewhat vehement. 2. Having the color and 
appearance of young, thrifty plants ; lively ; not impaired 
or faded. 3. Having the appearance of a healthy youth ; 
florid ; ruddy. 4. New ; recently grown. 5. New ; re- 
cently made or obtained. 6. Not impaired by time ; not 
forgotten or obliterated. 7. Not salt. 8. Recently from 
the well or spring; pure and cool; not warm or vapid. 
9. In a state like that of recent growth or recentness. 10. 
Repaired from loss or diminution ; having new vigor. 11. 
New; that has lately come or arrived. 12. Sweet; in a 
good state ; not stale. 13. Unpracticed ; unused ; not be- 
fore employed. 14. Moderately rapid. 

FRESH, 71. A freshet. Beverly, Hist. Virginia. 

FRE3H'-BLo\VN, a. Newly blown. 

FRESH'EN, (fresh'n) v. t. 1. To make fresh ; to dulcify ; to 
separate, as water from saline particles ; to take saltness 
from any thing. 2. To refresh ; to revive ; [not used.] 
3. In seamen's language, to apply new service to a cable. 

FRESH'EN, V. i. 1. To grow fresh ; to lose salt or saltness. 

2. To grow brisk or strong. 

FRESH'ENED, pp. Deprived of saltness ; sweetened. 

FRESH'ES, 71. 1. The mingling of fresh water with salt 
water in rivers or bays. Beverly. 2. A flood; an over- 
flowing ; an inundation ; a freshet. 

FRESH'ET, 7!. 1. A flood or overflowing of a river, by 
means of heavy rains or melted snow ; an inundation. 
JSTeiD England. 2. A stream of fresh water. Browne. 

FRESH-FoRCE', n. In Zaw,aforce done within forty days. 

FRESH'LY, adv. 1. Newly ; in the former state renewed ; 
in a new or fresh state. 2. With a healthy look ; ruddily. 

3. Brislcly ; strongly. 4. Coolly. 

FRESHMAN, n. 1. A novice ; one in the rudiments of 
knowledge. — 2. In colleges, one of the youngest class of 
students. 

FRESH'MAN-SHIP, n. The state of a freshman. 

t FRESH'MENT, n. Refreshment. Cartwright. 

FRESH'NESS, 7(. 1. Newness ; vigor; spirit; the contrary 
to vapidness. 2. Vigor; liveliness; the contrary to a 
faded state. 3. Newness of strength ; renewed vigor; op- 
posed to weariness or fatigue. 4. Coolness; invigorating 
'luality or state. 5. Color of youth and health ; ruddiness. 
•j. Freedom from saltness. 7. A new or recent state or 
quality ; rawness. 8. Briskness, as of wind. 

f FRESH'NEW, a. Unpracticed. Shak. 

FRESH'WA-TER, a. 1. Accustomed to sail on fresh water 
only, or in the coasting trade. 2. Raw ; unskilled. 



FRESH'WA-TERED, a. Newly watered ; supplied with 
fresh water. 

FRET, V. t. [Sw./raia.] 1. To rub ; to wear away a sub- 
stance by friction. 2. To corrode ; to gnaw ; to eat away 
3. To impair; to wear away. 4. To form into raised 
work. 5. To variegate ; to diversify. 6. To agitate vio- 
lently. 7. To agitate ; to disturb ; to make rough ; to 
cause to ripple. 8. To tease ; to irritate ; to vex ; to make 
angry. 9. To wear away ; to chafe ; to gall. 

FRET, v.i. 1. To be worn away ; to be corroded. 2. To 
eat or wear in ; to make way by attrition or corrosion 
3. To be agitated ; to be in violent commotion. 4. To be 
vexed ; to be chafed or irritated ; to be angry ; to utter 
peevish expressions. 

FRET, n. 1. The agit.-^tion of the surface of a fluid ; a rip- 
pling on the surface of water ; small undulations continu- 
ally repeated. 2. Work raised in protuberances ; or a 
kind of knot consisting of two lists or small fillets inter- 
- laced, used as an ornament in architecture. 3. Agitation 
of-mind-. commotion of temper ; irritation. 4. A short 
piece of wire fixed on the finger-board of a guitar, &c., 
which, being pressed against the strings, varies the tone. 
Busby. — 5. In heraldry, a bCEiring composed of bars cross- 
ed and interlaced. 

FRET, V. t. To furnish with frets. .Qs. Res. 

FRET, 71. [Ij.fretum.] A frith, which see. 

fFRET, a. Eaten away. Lev.xiii. 

FRET'FTJL, a. Disposed to fret; ill-humored; peevish; 
angry ; in a state of vexation. 

FRET'FUL-LY, adv. Peevishly ; angrily. 

FRET'FtJL-NESS, 71. Peevishness; ill-humor; disposition 
to fret and complain. 

FRETT, n. With miners, the worn side of the bank of a 
river. Encyc. 

FRET'TED, pp. Eaten ; corroded ; rubbed or worn away ; 
agitated ; vexed ; made rough on the surface ; variegated ; 
ornamented with fretwork ; furnished with frets. 

FRET'TEN, a. Rubbed; marked; as, 2>ocA:-/re«e77, marked 
with the small-pox. 

FRET'TER, 71. That which frets. 

FRET'TING, p;7r. Corroding; wearing away; agitating; 
vexing ; making rough on the surface ; variegating. 

FRET'TING, 71. Agitation ; commotion. 

FRET'TY, a. Adorned with fretwork. 

FRe'TUM, 71. [L.] _An arm of the sea. Ray. 

FRET'WoRK, 71. Raised work ; work adorned with frets. 

FRI-A-BIL'I-TY, ) n. The quality of being easily broken, 

FRi'A-BLE-NESS, \ crumbled and reduced to powder. 

FRI'A-BLE, a. [¥r. friable ; L. friabilis.] Easily crumbled 
or pulverized ; easily reduced to powder. 

FRi'AR, 7i. [Fr.frere.] 1. An appellation common to the 
monks of all orders. Friars are generally distinguished 
into four principal branches, viz. : 1. Minors, Gray Friars 
or Franciscans ; 2. Augustines ; 3. Dominicans or Black 
Friars ; 4. White Friars or Carmelites. — 2. In a restricted 
sense, a monk who is not a priest. 

FRi'AR-LiKE, a. Like a friar ; monastic ; unskilled in the 
world. Knolles. 

FRi'AR-LY, a. Like a friar ; untaught in the affairs of life. 

FRl'AR'S-€OWL, 7!. A plant, a species of arum, with a 
flower resembling a cowl. 

FRi'AR'S-LAN'TERN, n. The ignusfatuus. Milton. 

FRl'AR-Y, 71. A monastery; a convent of friars. 

FRi'AR-Y, a. Like a friar ; pertaining to friars. 

FRIB'BLE, a. [L. frivolus ; Fr. frivole.] Frivolous ; tri- 
fling ; silly. Brit. Crit. 

FRIB'BLE, n. A frivolous, contemptible fellow. 

FRIB'BLE, v.i. To trifle; also, to totter. Tatler. 

FRIB BLER, n. A trifler. Spectator. 

FRI'BORG, ) 71. [free and burg.] The same as frank- 

FRID'BURGH, \ pledge. Cowel. 

t FRIC'ACE, 71. Meat sliced and dressed with strong sauce ; 
also, an unguent prepared by frying things together. 

FRIG-AS-SEE', 71. [Fr.] A dish of food made by cutting 
chickens, rabbits, or other small animals into pieces, and 
dressing them in a frying pan, or a like utensil. 

FRie-AS-SEE', V. t. To dress in fricassee. 

FRI-Ca'TION, n. [L.fricatio.] The act of rubbing; fric- 
tion. [Little used.] Bacon. 

FRICTION, 71. [h.frictio; Fr. frictioji.] 1. The act of rub- 
bing the surface of one body against that of another ; attri 
tion. — 2. In mechanics, the effect of rubbing, or the resist- 
ance which a moving body meets v/ith from the surface on 
which it moves. — 3. In medicine, the rubbing of the body 
vvith the hand, or with a brush, flannel, &c. 

FRl'DAY, 7;. [Aax. friS'dceg ; G.freitag; from Frigga,the 
Venus of the north.] "The sixth day of the week, formerly 
consecrated to Frisga. 

tFRID6E, v.t. [Sax. frician.] To move hastily. 

FRID-STOLE. See Fred. 

FRIEND, (frend) n. [Sax. freond.] 1. One who is attach- 
ed to another by affection ; opposed to foe or enemy. 2. 
One not hostile. Shak. 3. One reconciled after enmity. 
4. An attendant; a companion. 5. A favorer; one who 



* See Synopsia- A, E, I, 6, tj, Y, long. -FAR, FALL, WH/^T ;— PREY 3— HN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete 



FRI 



361 



^RO 



Is propitious. 6. A favorite 7. A term of salutation ; a 
familiar compellation. 8. Formerly, a paramour. — 9. .4 
friend at court, oue who has sufficient interest to serve an- 
other. 

FRIEND, (fiend) v. t. To favor ; to countenance ; to be- 
friend ; to support or aid. [We now use befriend.] 

FRIEND'ED, (frend'ed) pp. 1. Favored ; befriended. 2. a. 
Inclined to love ; well disposed. Shak, 

FillEND'LESS, (frend'les) a. Destitute of friends ; want- 
ing countenance or support ; forlorn. Pope. 

FRIEND'LIKE, (frendlike) a. Having the dispositions of a 
friend. 

FRIEND'LI-NESS, (frend'le-nes) n. 1. A disposition to 
ft'endship; friendly disposition. 2. Exertion of benevo- 
lence or kindness. 

FRIEND'LY, (frend'ly) a. 1. Having the temper and dis- 
position of a friend ; kind : favorable ; disposed to pro- 
mote the good of another. 2. Disposed to peace. 3. Am- 
icable. 4. Not hostile. 5. Favorable ; propitious ; salu- 
tary ; promoting the good of. 

FRIENDLY, (frend'ly) adv. In the manner of friends ; am- 
icably. [J\rot much used.l Skak. 

FRIEND'SHIP, (frend'ship) n. 1. An attachment to a per- 
son, proceeding from intimate acquaintance, and a recip- 
rocation of kind offices, or from a favorable opinion of the 
amiable and respectable qualities of liis mind. Friendship 
differs from benevolence, which is good will to mankind in 
general, and from that love which springs from animal ap- 
petite. 2. Mutual attachment ; intimacy. 3. Favor ; 
personal kindness. 4. Friendly aid ; help ; assistance. 
5. Conformity ; affinity ; correspondence ; aptness to unite. 

FRIiSZE, or FRIZE, (freez) n. [Sp, frisa.] 1. Properly, 
the nap on woolen cloth ; hence, a kind of coarse woolen 
cloth or stuff, witJi a nap on one side. — 9. In architecture, 
that part of the entablature of a column which is between 
the architrave and cornice. 

FRIeZED, a. Napped ; shaggy with nap or frieze. 

FRIeZE'LiKE, a. Resembling frieze. Addison. 

FRIG'ATE, 11. [Fr. fregate.'] 1. A ship of war, of a size 
larger than a sloop or brig, and less than a ship of the line ; 
usually having two decks. 2. Any small vessel on the 
water ; [oJs.] 

FRIG'ATE-BUiLT, a. Having a quarter deck and forecas- 
tle raised above the main deck. ^ 

FRIG-A-TOON', n. A Venetian vessel, 

FRIG-E-FA€'TION, n. [L. frigns and facio.} The act of 
making cold. {Little vjied.'] Diet. 

FRIGHT, (frite) ?i. [Ti?LQ. frygt; Sax.fyrhto.] Sudden and 
violent fear , terror ; a passion excited by the sudden ap- 
pearance of danger. 

FRIGHT, or FRIGHT'EN, v. t. To terrify ; to scare ; to 
alarm suddenly with danger ; to shock suddenly with 
the approach of evil ; to daunt ; to dismay. 

FRiGHT'ED, )pp. Terrified 5 suddenly alarmed with 

FRiGHT'ENED, \ danger. 

FRlGHT'FUL, a. Terrible ; dreadful 5 exciting alarm ; hn- 
pressing terror. 

FRiGHT'FUIr-LY, adv. 1. Terribly ; dreadfully ; in a man- 
ner to impress terror and alarm ; horribly. 2. Very disa- 
greeably ; shockingly. 

FRlGHT'FUL-NESS, n. The quality of impressing terror. 

FRIG'ID, a. [L. frigidus.] 1. Cold; wanting heat or 
warmth. 2. Wanting warmth of affection ; unfeeling. 
3. Wanting natural heat or vigor sufficient to excite the 
generative power; impotent. 4. Dull; jejune; unani- 
mated ; wanting the fire of genius or fancy. 5. Stiff; for- 
mal ; forbidding. 6. Wanting zeal ; dull ; formal ; lifeless. 

FRI-GID'I-TY, n. 1. Coldness; want of v/armth. 2. 
Want of natural heat, life and vigor of body ; impoten- 
cy ; imbecility. 3. Coldness of affection. 4. Dullness; 
want of animation or intellectual fire. 

FRIG'ID-LY, flrfu. Coldlv; dully; without affection. 

FRIGID-NESS, n. Coldness ; dullness ; want of heat or 
vigor ; want of affection. See Frigidity. 

FRlG-O-RIFie, a. [¥r. frigorifique.] Causing cold ; pro- 
ducing or generating cold. Quincy. 

FRILL, 71. An edging of fine linen, on the bosom of a shirt 
or other similar thing ; a ruffle. 

FRILL, V. i. [Fr. frileux.] To shake ; to quake ; to shiver 
as with cold. 

IFRIM, a. [Sax./rco???.] Flourishing. Drayton. 

FRINGE, (frinj) n. [Fr. frange.] 1. An ornamental ap- 
pendage to the borders of garments or furniture, consist- 
ing of loose threads. 2. Something resemblmg fringe ; an 
open, broken border. 

FRINGE, V. t. To adorn or border with fringe oralooseedg- 
inn. 

FRINGED, pp. Bordered with fringe. 

FRINGE' Ma-K^R, n. One who makes fringe. 

FRING'ING, ppr. Bordering with fringe. 

FRING'Y, a. Adorned with fringes. Shak. 

FRIP'PER, n. [Fr frippier.\ A dealer in old things ; a bro- 
ker. James. 

FRIP'PER-ER, 71. One who deal? in old clothes. 



FRIFPER-Y, n. [Fr. friperie.] 1. Old clothes: cast 
dresses; clothes thrown aside, after wearing. Hence 
waste matter ; useless things ; trifles. 2. The place 
where old clothes are sold. 3. The trade or traffick in old 
clothes. 

FRIP'PER-Y, a. Trifling ; contemptible Gray. 

FRI-SEuR', (fre-zure') /(. [Fr.] A hair-dresser. Warton. 

FRISK, V. i. [Dan. frisk.] 1. To leap ; to skip ; to spring 
suddenly one way and the other. 2. To dance, skip and 
gambol in frolick and gayety. 

FRISK, a. Lively ; brisk ; blithe. Hall. 

FRISK, n. A frolick ; a fit of wanton gayety. 

t FRISK'AL, 7i. A leap or caper. B. Jonson. 

FRISK ER, n. One who leaps or dances in gayety ; a wan- 
ton ; an inconstant or unsettled person. 

FRISK'ET, n. [Fr. frisquette.] In printing, the light frame 
by which a sheet of paper is confined to the tympan to be 
laid on the form for impression. 

FRISK'FUL, a. Brisk ; lively. Thomson. 

FRISK'I-NESS, 71. Briskness and frequency of motion , 
gayety ; liveliness ; a dancing or leaping in frolick. 

FRISK'ING, ppr. Leaping ; skipping ; dancing about j 
moving with life and gayety. 

FRISK'Y, a. Gay ; lively. 

FRIT, n. [Fr.fritte.] In the manufacture of glass, the mat- 
ter of which glass is made after it has been calcined or 
baked in a furnace. 

FRITH, 11. [h.fretmn,] 1. A narrow passage of the sea ; 
a strait. It is used for the opening of a river into the sea. 
2. A kind of wear for catching fish. 

FRITH, n. [W. frith, 01 friz.] 1. A forest ; a woody place. 
2. A small field taken out of a common. 

fFRITH'Y, a. Woody. Skelton. 

FRIT'IL-LA-RY, 71. lL,.fritillus.] The crown imperial, a 
genus of plants. 

t FRIT'I-N AN-CY, n. [L. fritinnic] The scream of an in- 
sect, as the cricket or cipada. Brown. 

FRIT'TER, 71. [It. frittella.] 1. A small pancake ; also, a 
small piece of meat fried. 2. A fragment ; a shred ; a 
small piece. 

FRIT'TER, V. t. 1. To cut meat into small pieces to be fried. 
2. To break into small pieces or fragments. — To fritter 
away, is to diminish ; to pare off. 

FRI-VOL'I-TY. See Feivolousness. 

FRIV'0-LOyS, a. [L. frivolus.] Slight ; trifling ; triviaf: 
of little weight, worth or importance ; not worth notice. 

FRIV'O-LOUS-NESS, 7i. The quality of being trifling, or 
of very little worth or importance; want of consequence. 

FRIV'O-LOUS-LY, adv. In a trifling manner. 

FRIZ, v.t. [Sp. frisar.] 1. To curl; to crisp; to form 
into small curls with a crisping-pin. 2. To form the nap 
of clotli into little hard burs, prominences or knobs. 

FRIZED, pp. Curled ; formed into little burs on cloth. 

FRIZ'ING, ppi-. Curling ; forming little hard burs on cloth 

FRIZ'ZLE, V. t. To curl ; to crisp; as hak. Oay. 

FRIZ'ZLED, pp. Curled ; crisped. 

FRIZ'ZLER, 71. One who makes short curls. 

FRIZ'ZLING, ppr. Curling ; crisping. 

FRO, adv. [Sax. fra.] From ; away ; back or backward ; as 
in the phrase, to and fro. 

FROCK, n. [Fr. froc] An upper coat, or an outer gar- 
ment. The word is now used for a loose garment or 
sJiirt, worn by men over their other clotlies, and for a kind 
of gown open behind, worn by females. 

FROG, 71. [Hax. froga.] 1. An amphibious animal of the 
genus ra?ia. — 2. In farriery. See Frush. 

FROG'BIT, 71. A plant, the hydrocharis. 

FROG'FISH, 71. 1. An animal of Surinam. 2. The lophius, 
or fishing-frog. 

FROG'LET-TUCE, n A plant. 

FROG'GRASS, n. A plant. 

FROG'GY, a. Having frogs. Sherwood. 

FROISE, n. [Fr. froisser.] A kind of food made by frying 
bacon inclosed in a pancake. Todd. 

FROL'ICK, a. [G. frohlich.] Gay ; merry ; full of levity , 
dancing, playing or frisking about ; full of pranks. 

FROL'ICK, 71. 1. A wild prank ; a flight of levity, or gay- 
ety and mirth. 2. A scene of gayety and mirth, as in 
dancing or play. 

FROL'ICK, V. i. To play wild pranks ; to play tricks of lev 
ity, mirth and gayety. 

tFliOL'ICK-LY, arfu. With mirth and gayety. Beaumont 

t FROL'ieK-NESS, n. Pranks 3 wildness of gayety ; frolick 
someness. 

FROL-ICK'SoME, a. Full of gayety and mirth; given to 
pranks. 

FROL'ICK-SoME-LY, adv. With wild gayety. 

FROL'ICK-SoME-NESS, 7?. Gayety ; wild pranks. 

FROM, p7-ep. [Sax.fram ; Goth, fram.] The sense of from 
may be expressed by the noun distance, or by the adjec- 
tive distant, or by the participles, departing, removing to 
a distance. — The sense of from is literal or figurative, bat 
it is uniformly the same. — In certain phrases, generally 01 
always elliptical, from is followed by certain adverbs, 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE j— BULL, UNITE — € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. \ Obsolete 



FRO 



362 



FRU 



denoting place, region or position, indefinitely, no precise 
point being expressed ; as, From above, from the upper 
regions ; From afar, from a distance ; Frovi beneath, 
from a place or region below ; From below, from a lower 
place ; From behind, from a place or position in the rear ; 
From far, from a distant place ; From high, from on high, 
from a high place, from an upper region, or from heaven j 
From hence, from this place — but from is superfluous 
before hence ; ^From thence, from that place, from being 
superfluous ; From whence, from which place, from be- 
ing superfluous ; From where, from which place ; From 
within, from the interior or inside ; From without, from 
the outside, from abroad. — From precedes another prepo- 
sition, followed by its proper object or case ; as. From 
amidst. From among. From beneath, From beyoiid. 

FROM'WARD, adv. [Sax.framaxiiweard.] Away from; 
the contrary of toward. 

FROND, n. [L. frons.] In botany, a term which Linne ap- 
plies to the peculiar leafing of palms and ferns. 

FRON-Da'TION, n. A lopping of trees. Evelyn. 

FRON-DES'CENCE, n. [L. froiidesco.] In botany, the 
precise time of the year and month in which each species 
of plants unfolds its leaves. 

FRON-DIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. frons and fero.] Producing 
fronds, 

FROND'OUS, a. Afrondous flower is one which is leafy. 

* FRONT, n. [L. frons, frontis ; Fr. front.} 1. Properly, 
the forehead, or part of the face above the eyes ; hence, 
the whole face. 2. The forehead or face, as expressive 
of the temper or disposition. 3. The forepart of any 
thing. 4. The forepart or van of an army or a body of 
troops. 5. The part or place before the face, or opposed 
to it, or to the forepart of a thing. 6. The most con- 
spicuous part or particular. 7. Impudence ; as, men of 
front. 

FRONT, V. t. 1. To oppose face to face ; to oppose directly. 
2. To stand opposed or opposite, or over against any 
thing. 

FRONT, V. i. 1. To stand foremost. Shak. 2. To have 
the face or front towards any point of compass. 

FRONT'AL, n. ['L.frontale ;' Fr.fr 07ital.] 1. In medicine, 
a medicament or preparation to be applied to the foreliead. 
— ^2. In architecture, a little pediment or frontpiece, over 
a small door or window. — 3. In Jewish ceremonies, a front- 
al or browband, consisting of four pieces of vellum, laid 
on leather, and tied round the forehead in the syna- 
gogue ; each piece containing some text of Scripture. 

FRON'TA-TED, a. [L. frons.] The frontated leaf of a 
flower grows broader and broader, and at last, perhaps, ter- 
minates in a right line ; in opposition to cuspated, which 
is, wnen the leaves end in a point. Quincy. 

FRoNT'BOX, n. The box in a playhouse before the rest. 

FRONT'ED^a. Formed with a front. Milton. 

* FRONT-IeK , n. [Fr. frontiere.] The marches ; the bor- 
der, confine or extreme part of a country, bordering on 
another country. 

*FRONT-IeR', a. Lying on the exterior part ; bordering; 
contermijious. 

FRONT-IeR'ED, (front-erd') a. Guarded on the frontiers. 

FR0N-TI-NA€', \ (fron-tin-yakO n. A species of French 

FRON-TIN-IAC , ) wine, named from the place in Lan- 
guedoc where it is produced. 

FRONT'IS-PIeCE, 7?,. [L. frontispkium.] 1. In architect- 
ure, the principal face of a building ; the face that direct- 
ly presents itself to the eye. 2. An ornamental figure or 
engraving fronting the first page of a book, or at the be- 
ginning. 

FRONT'LESS, a. Wanting shame or modesty ; not difli- 
dent. Dryden. 

FRONT'LET, n. A frontal or browband ; a fillet or band 
worn on the forehead. See Frontal. 

FRONT'ROOM, n. A room or apartment in the forepart of 
a house. 

t FROP'PISH, a. Peevish ; froward. Clarendon. 

t FRORE, a. [G. fror, gefroren.] Frozen. Milton. 

FRORNE, a. Frozen. 

fFRo'RY, a. 1. Frozen. Spenser. 2. Covered with a froth 
resembling hoar-frost. Fairfax. 

FROST, n. [Sax., G., Sw., Dan. frost.] i. A fluid con- 
gealea by cold into ice or crystals. 2. The act of freez- 
ing ; congelation of fluids. — 3. In physiology, that state or 
temperature of the air which occasions freezing or the 
congelation of water. 4. The appearance of plants spark- 
ling with icy crystals. 

FROST, V. t. 1. In cookery, to cover or sprinkle with a 
composition of sugar, resembling hoar-frost. 2. To cover 
with anv thing resembling hoar-frost. 

FROST'BIT-TEN, (frost'bit-tn) a. Nipped, withered or af- 
fected by frost. 

FROST'ED,pp. 1. Covered with a composition like white 
frost. 2. a. Having hair changed to a gray or white col- 
or, as if covered vt^ith hoar-frost. 

FROST'I-LY, adv. 1. With frost or excessive cold. 2. 
Witliout warmth of affection; cold.y. 



FROST'I-NESS, n. The state or quality of being frosty 

freezing cold. 
FROST'ING, ppr. Covering with something resembling 

hoar-frost. 
FROST'ING, n. The composition resemblmg hoar-frost, 

used to cover cake, &c. 
FROST'LESS, a. Free from frost. Swift. 
FROST'NaIL, n. A nail driven into a horse-shoe, to pre- 
vent the horse from slipping on ice. 

FROST' WORK, n. Work resembling hoar-frost on shrubs 
FROST'Y, a. 1. Producing frost ; having power to congeal 
water. 2. Containing frost. 3. Chill in affection ; without 
warmth of affection or courage. 4. Resembling hoar- 
frost; white; gray-haired. 

FROTH, n. [Gr. acppos ; Sw. fradga.] 1. Spume ; foam ; 
the bubbles caused in liquors by fermentation or agitation. 
2. Any empty, senseless show of wit or eloquence. 3, 
Light, unsubstantial matter. 

FROTH, V. t. To cause to foam. Beaumont. 

FROTH, V. i. To foam ; to throw up spume ; to throw out 
foam or bubbles, 

FROTH'I-LY, adv. 1. With foam or spume. 2. In an 
empty, trifling manner. 

FROTH'I-NESS, n. The state of being frothy ; emptiness ; 
senseless matter. 

FROTH'Y, a. 1. Full of foam or froth, or consisting of 
froth or light bubbles. 2. Sofl;; not firm or solid. 3. 
Vain ; light ; empty ; unsubstantial. 

FROUNCE, n. A distemper of hawks, in which white spit- 
• tie gathers about the bill. Skinner. 

FROUNCE, v.t. [Sp. fruncir.] To curl or frizzle the hair 
about the face. 

FROUNCE, n. A wrinkle, plait or curl ; an ornament of 
dress. Beaumont. 

FROUNCED, pp. Curled ; frizzled. 

FROUNCE'LESS, a. Having no plait or wrinkle. 

FROUN'CING, ppr. Curling; crisping. 

FROU'ZY, a. Fetid ; musty ; rank ; dim ; cloudy. 

tFROW, w. [G.frau; B. vrouw.] A woman. 

FRo'WARD, a. [Sax. framweard.] Perverse, that is, turn- 
ing from, with aversion or reluctance; not willing to 
yield or comply with what is required ; unyielding ; un- 
governable ; refractory ; disobedient ; peevish. 

FRo'WARD-LY, advik Perversely ; in a peevish manner. 

FRo'WARD-NESS, n. Perverseness ; reluctance to yield 
or comply ; disobedience ; peevishness. 

FROW'ER, n. A sharp edged tool to cleave laths. 

FROWN, w. i. [Fr. refrogner.] 1. To express displeasure by 
contracting the brow, and looking grim or surly ; to look 
stern. 2. To manifest displeasure in any manner. 3. To 
lower ; to look threatening. 

FROWN, V. t. To repel by expressing displeasure ; to re 
buke. 

FROWN, n. 1. A wrinkled look, particularly expressing 
dislike ; a sour, severe or stern look, expressive of dis- 
pleasure. 2. Any expression of displeasure. 

FROWN'ING, ppr. Knitting the brow in anger or displeas- 
ure ; expressing displeasure by a surly, stern or angry 
look ; lowering ; threatening. 

FROWN'ING-LY, adv. Sternly ; with a look of displeas- 
ure. 

FROW'Y, a. [The same asfrouiy.] Musty ; rancid ; rank. 

FRo'ZEN, (fro'zn) pp. o? freeze. 1. Congealed by cold. 2. 
Cold ; frosty ; chill. 3. Chill or cold in affection. 4. Void 
of natural heat or vigor. 

t FRo'ZEN-NESS, n. State of being frozen, Bp. Oauden. 

F. R. S. Fellow of the Royal Society. 

t FRUB'ISH, for furbish. 

FRUCT'ED, a. [1.. fructus.] In heraldry, hearing frnit. 

FRUC-TES'CENCE, n. [L. fructus.] In botany, the pre- 
cise time when the fruit of a plant arrives at maturity, and 
its seeds are dispersed ; the fruiting season. 

FRUC-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. fructus and fero.] Bearing or 
producing fruit. 

FRU€-TI-FI-Ca'TION, n. 1. The act of fructifying, or 
rendering productive of fruit ; fecundation. — 2. In bota- 
ny, the temporary part of a plant appropriated to genera- 
tion. 

FRUC'TI-F-?, i\ t. [Low L. fructifico ; Fr.fructijier.] To 
make fruitful ; to render productive ; to fertilize. 

FRUC'TI-Fy, v. i. To bear fruit. Hooker. 

t FRUC-TU-a'TION, n. Produce ; fruit. Pownall. 

FRU€'TU-OUS, a. [Fr. fructueux.] Fruitful; fertile ; also , 
impregnating with fertility. Philips. 

t FRUC'TURE, n. Use ; fruition ; enjoyment. 

FRtr'GAL, a. [L. fmgalis ; Fr., Sp. frugal.] Economical 
in the use or appropriation of money, goods or provisions 
of any kind ; saving unnecessary expense ; sparing ; not 
profuse, prodigal or lavish.' 

FRUGAL'I-TY, n. 1. Prudent economy ; good husbandry 
or housewifery ; a sparing use or appropriation of money 
or commodities ; a judicious use of any thing to be ex- 
pended . 2. A prudent and sparing use or appropriation 
of any thing. 



•ee Synopsis, a, E, T, 0, V, ^, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



FRU 



363 



tUL 



t'RCGAL-LY, adv. With economy ; with good manage- 
ment ; in a saving manner. 

FRUG'GIN, 71. [Fr. fourgon.] An oven fork ; the pole 
with which the ashes in the oven are stirred. 

FRU-GIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. frugifer.] Producing fruit or 
corn. 

FRU-GIV'0-ROUS, a. [L. fruges ^rvA. vara.'] Feeding on 
fruits seeds or corn, as birds. 

FRUIT, n. [Fr. fruit; It. frutto.] 1. In a general sense, 
whatever the earth produces for the nourishment of ani- 
mals, or for clothing or profit. 2. The produce of a. tree 
or other plant ; the last production for the propagation or 
multiplication of its kind ; the seed of plants, or the part 
that contains the seeds. — 3. Inbotany, the seed of aplant, 
or the seed with the pericarp. 4. Production ; that which 
is produced. 5. The produce of animals ; offspring ; 
young. 6. Effect or consequence. 7. Advantage ; profit ; 
good derived. 8. Production, etfect or consequence. 

FRUIT, V. i. To produce fruit. Chesterfield. 

FRuIT'AGE, n. [Fr.] Fruit collectively ; various fruits. 
Mjlton. 

FRuIT'BEaR-ER, n. That which produces fmit. 

FRuIT'BEaR-ING, a. Producing fruit ; having the quality 
of hearing finit. Mortimer. 

FRuIT'ER-ER. n. One who deals in fruit. 

FRuIT'ER-Y, 'n. [Fr. fruiterie.] 1. Fruit collectively 
taken. 2. A fruitloft ; a repository for fmit. 

FRuIT'FIJL, a. 1. Very productive ; producing fniit in 
abundance. 2. Prolific ; hearing children ; not barren. 
3. Plenteous ; abounding in any thmg. 4. Productive of 
any thing; fertile. 5. Producing in abundance; gene- 
rating. 

FB UIT'FUL-LY, adv. 1. In suchamanner as to be prolific. 

2. Plenteously; abundantly. Shak. 
FRuIT'FJJL-NESS, ?!. 1. The quality of producing fruit in 

abundance ; productiveness ; fertility. 2. Fecundity ; the 
quality of being prolific, or producing many 5'oung. 3. 
Productiveness of the intellect, 4. Exuberant abun- 
dance. 

FRuIT'-GROVE, n. A grove or close plantation of fruit- 
trees. 

FRU-l''TION, 71. [L. /ntor.] Use, accompanied with pleas- 
ure, corporeal or intellectual , enjoyment ; the pleasure 
derived from use or possession. 

FRu'I-TlVE, a. Enjoying. Boyle. 

F.fluIT'LESS, a. 1. Not bearing fruit; barren; destitute 
of fruit. 2. Productive of no advantage or good effect ; 
vain ; idle ; useless ; unprofitable. 3. Having no off"- 
spring. 

FRUIT'LESS-LY, o.dv. Without any valuable effect ; idly ; 
vainly ; unprofilably. 

FRuIT'LESS-NESS, 7^. The quality of being vain or un- 
profitable. 

FRtJIT'-LOFT, 7?. A place for the preservation of fruit. 

FRuIT'-TIME, n. The time for gathering fruit. 

FRuIT'-TREE, n. A tree cultivated for its fruit. 

FRU-MEN-Ta'CEOUS, a. [L.. frumentaceus.] 1. Made of 
wheat or like grain. 2. Resembling wheat. 

FRU-MEN-Ta'RI-OUS, a. [h. frumentarius.] Pertaining 
to wheat or grain. 

FRU-MEN-TI'TION, n. [L. fnimentatio.] Among the 
Romans, a largess of grain bestowed on the people. 

FRu'MEN-TY, n. [L. frumentum.^ Food made of wheat 
boiled in milk. 

t FRUMP, n. A joke, jeer or flout. Bp. Hall. 

tFRUMP,_r. t. To insult. Beaumont. 

\ FRUMP'iiJtt, 7/. A mocker ; a scoffer. Cotgrave. 

t FRUSH, V. t. \_Fx.froisser.'\ To bruise ; to crush. 

FRUSH, n. [G. frosch.'] In farriery, a sort of tender horn 
that grows in the middle of the sole of a horse. 

FRUS'TRA-BLE, a That mav be frustrated. 

FRUS-TRa'NE-OUS. a. Vain ; useless ; unprofitable. [Lit- 
tle iised.'\ South. 

FRUS'TRATE, v. t. I'L.frustro.] 1. To defeat ; to disap- 
point ; to balk ; to bring to nothing. 2. To disappoint. 

3. To make null ; to nullify ; to render of no effect. 
FRUS'TRATE, part. a. Vain ; ineffectual ; useless ; un- 
profitable ; null; void; of no effect. Driidcn. 

FRUS'TRA-TED, pp. Defeated ; disappointed ; rendered 
vain or null. 

FRUS'TRA-TING, ;7?r. Defeating : disappointing ; mak- 
ing vain or of no effect. 

FRUS-TRa'TION, n. The act of frustrating ; disappoint- 
ment : defeat. South. 

FRUS'TRA-TiVE, a. Tending to defeat ; fallacious. 

FRUS'TRA-TO-RY, a. That makes void ; that vacates or 
renders null. Ayliffe. 

FRUS'TUM, 71. [L..] A piece or part of a solid body sepa- 
rated from the rest. The frustum of a cone is the part 
that remains after the top is cut off by a plane parallel to 
the base. 

FRU-TES'CENT, a. [L. frutex.] In botany, from herba- 
ceous becoming shnibby. Martyn. 

FRtJ'TEX, 71. [L.] In liotany, a shrub. 



FRig'TI-€ANT, a. Full of shoots. Evelyn. 

FRu'TI-€OUS, a. [L. fruticosus.] Shrubby. 

FRY, V. t. [L. frigo.] To dress with fat by heating oi 
roasting in a pan over a fire ; to cook in a fryingpan. 

FRY, V. i. 1. To be heated and agitated ; to suffer the ac- 
tion of fire or extreme heat. 2. To ferment, as in tJie 
stomach. 3. To be agitated ; to boil. 

FRY. 7!.. [Fr./rai.] 1. A swarm or crowd of little fish. 2. 
Adish of any thing fried. 3. A kind of sieve. 

FRY'IISG, ppr. Dressing in a fryingpan ; heating; agitat- 
ing. 

FRy'IXG-PAN, n. A pan with a long handle, used for fry 
ing meat and vegetables. 

t FUB, 71. A plump boy ; a woman. Todd. 

FUB, V. t. To put off; to delay ; to cheat. Shak. ^ 

FUB'BY, a. Plump ; chubby. JVichols. 

FU'CATE, i a. [L. fucatus.] Painted ; disguised with 

Fu'€A-TED, \ paint ; also, disguised with false show. 

Fu €US, n. [L.] 1. A paint ; a dye ; also, false show. 

2. plu. FucusEs, in botany, a genus of aZ^ffi, or sea-weeds ; 
the sea-wrack, &c. 

FUD'DER of lead. See Fother. 

FUD'DLE, V. t. To make drunk ; to intoxicate. 

FUD'DLE, V. i. To drink to excess. L'Estrange. 

FUD'DLED, pp. Drunk ; intoxicated. 

FUD'DLER, n. A drunkard. Baxter. 

FUD'DLING, ppr. Intoxicating ; drinking to excess. 

FUDGE, a word of contempt. 

Fu'EL, n. [Fr. feu ; Sp. fuego.] 1. Any matter which 
serves as aliment to fire ; that which feeds fire ; combus- 
tible matter. 2. Any thing that serves to feed or increase 
flame, heat or excitement. 

Fu'EL, V t. 1. To feed with combustible matter. 2. To 
store with fuel or firing. Wotton. 

Fu'ELED, pp. Fed with combustible matter ; stored with 
firing. 

Fu'EL-ER, n. He or that which supplies fuel. 

Fu'EL-ING, ppr. Feeding with fuel ; supplying with 
fuel. 

FUFF, V. i. [G. pfuffen.] To blow or puff. Brockett. 

FUFFY% a. Light and soft. Brockett. 

FU-Ga'CIOUS, a. [L. fugax.] Flying or fleeing away ; 
volatile. 

FU-Ga CIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of flying away ; vol- 
atility. 

FU-GAC'I-TY, n. [L. fugax.] 1. Volatility ; the quality 
of flying away. 2. Uncertainty ; instability. 

FuGH, or FOH, an exclamation expressing abhorrence. 

FU'Gl-TlVE, a. [Fr. fugitif ; L. fugitivus.] 1. Volatile ; 
apt to flee away ; readily wafted by the wind. 2. Not 
tenable ; not to be held or detained ; readily escaping. 

3. Unstable ; unsteady ; fleeting ; not fixed or durable. 

4. Fleeing ; running from danger or pursuit. 5. Fleeing 
from duty ; eloping ; escaping. 6. Wandering ; vaga- 
bond. — 7. In literature, fugitive compositions are such as 
are short and occasional, written in haste or at intervals, 
and considered to be fleeting and temporary. 

Fu'GI-TiVE, 71. I. One who flees from his station or duty ; 
a deserter ; one who flees from danger. 2. One who has 
fled or deserted and taken refuge under another power, 
or one who has fled from punishment. 3. One hard to be 
caught or detained. 

FU'Gl-TiVE-NESS, n. 1. Volatility ; fugacity ; an aptness 
to fly away. 2. Instability ; unsteadiness. 

FUGUE, (fug) 71. [Fr. fugue ; L., t^p.. It. fuga.] In music, 
a chase or succession in the parts ; that which expresses 
the capital thought or sentiment of the piece, in causing 
it to pass successively and alternately from one part to 
another. 

Fu'GUiST, 72. A musician who composes fugues, or per- 
forms them extemporaneously. Busby. 

tFUL'CI-BLE, a. [L. fulcibilis.] Which may be prop- 
ped up. 

FUL'CI-MENT, 71. [Tu. fulcimentum.] A prop; a fulcrum : 
that on which a balance or lever rests. [Little used.] 

FUL'€RATE, a. [L. fulcrum..] 1. In botany, a fulcrate 
stem is one whose branches descend to the earth. 2. Fur- 
nished with fulcres. 

FUL'GRUM, ) n. [L.] 1. A prop or support.— 2. In me- 

FUL ORE, ) chanics, that by which a lever is sustain- 
ed. — 3. In botany, the part of a plant which serves to s-up- 
port or defend it. 

FUL-FILL', V. t. [full ^nA fill.] 1. To accomplish ; toper- 
form ; to complete ; to answer in execution or event what 
has been foretold or promised. 2. To accomplish what 
was intended ; to answer a design by execution. 3. To 
accomplish or perform what was" desired ; to answer any 
desire by compliance or gratification. 4. To perform 
what is required ; to answer a law by obedience. 5. To 
complete in time. — 6. In general, to accomplish ; to com- 
plete ; to carry into effect. 

FUL-FILL'ED, (ful-fild') pp. Accomplished ; performed ; 
completed ; executed. 

FUL-FILL'ER, n. One that fulfills or accomplishes. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. 



t Obsolete 



FITL 



364 



FUN 



FUL-PILL'ING, ppr. Accomplishing ; performing ; com- 
pleting. 

FI^'L-FILL'MENT, ) n. 1. Accomplishment ; completion. 

FUL-FILL'ING, \ 2. Execution; performance. 

FUL FRAUGHT, a. Full-stored. Shak. 

FiJL'GEN-CY, n. [L. fulgens.] Brightness ; splendor ; 
glitter. 

FUL'GENT, a. Shining ; dazzling ; exquisitely bright. 

t FUL'GlD, a. [L. fulgidus.] Shining ; dazzling. 

t FUL-GID'I-TY, w. Splendor; dazzling glitter. Diet. 

F^UL'GOR, n. [L.] Splendor ; dazzling brightness. [Little 
used.l More. 

t FUL'GU-RANT, a. Lightening. 

f FUL'GU-RATE, v. i. To flash as lightning. Chambers. 

t FUL-GU-Ra'TION, n. [L. fulguratio.] Lightning ; the 
act of lightening. 

t FUL'GU-RY, n. [Ij.fulgur.] Lightning. Cockeram. 

FUL HAM, n. A cant word for false dice. Shak. 

FU-LIG-I-NOS'I-TY, n. [L. fuligo.] Sootiness ; matter 
deposited by smoke. Kirwan, Oeol. 

FU-LIG'I-NOUS, a. [Ij. fuligineus.] 1. Pertaining to soot ; 
sooty ; dark ; dusky. 2. Pertaining to smoke ; resem- 
bling smoke ; dusky. 

FU-LIG'I-NOUS-LY, adv. By being sooty. 

FU'LI-MART. See Foumakt. 

FULL, a. [Sax., Sw. full.] 1. Replete ; having within its 
limits all that it can contain. 2. Abounding with ; hav- 
ing a large quantity or abundance. 3. Supplied ; not va- 
cant. 4. Plump ; fat. 5. Saturated ; sated. 6. Crowd- 
ed, with regard to the imagination or memory. 7. Large ; 
entire ; not partial ; that fills. 8. Complete ; entire ; not 
defective or partial. 9. Complete ; entire ; without abate- 
ment. 10. Containing the whole matter ; expressing the 
whole. 11. Strong ; not faint or attenuated ; loud ; clear; 
distinct. 12. Mature ; perfect. 13. Entire ; complete ; 
denoting the completion of a sentence. 14. Spread to 
view in all dimensions. 15. Exhibiting the whole disk 
or surface illuminated. 16. Abundant ; plenteous ; suffi- 
cient. 17. Adequate; equal. 18. Well fed. 19. Well 
supplied or furnished; abounding. 20. Copious; ample. 

FFLL, n. 1. Complete measure; utmost extent. 2. The 
liighest state or degree. 3. The whole ; the total ; in the 
phrase, at full. 4. The state of satiety. — The fall of the 
moon is the time when it presents to the spectator its 
whole face illuminated. 

FULL, adv. 1. Q,uite ; to the same degree ; without abate- 
ment or diminution. 2. With the whole effect. 3. Ex- 
actly. 4. Directly. — Full is prefixed to otlier words, 
chiefly participles, to express utmost extent or degree. 

FULL'-A-€ORNED, a. Fed to the full with acorns. 

FIjLL'-BLOOMED, a. Having perfect bloom. Crashaw. 

FiJLL'-BLoWN, a. 1. Fully expanded, as a blossom. 2. 
Fully distended with wind. Dryden. 

FULL'-BOT-TOM, r>. A wig with a large bottom. 

FULL'-BOT-TOMED, a. Having a large bottom, aa a wig. 

FULL'-BUTT, adv. Meeting directly and with violence. 
i Vulgar.] L' Estrange. 

FULL'-CHARGED, a. Charged to fullness. Shak. 

FULL'-CRAMMED, a. Crammed to fullness. Marston. 

FiJLL'-DRESSED, a. Dressed in form or costume. 

FijLL'-DRIVE, a. Driving with full speed. Chaucer. 

FULL'-eARED, a. Having the ears or heads full of grain. 
benhaw,^ 

FULL'-EyED, a. Having large, prominent eyes. 

FULL'-FaCED, a. Having a broad face. 

FULL'-FED, a. Fed to fullness ; plump with fat. 

FULL'-FRAUGHT, a. Laden or stored to fullness. 

FtJLL'-GORGED, a. Over-fed ; a term of hawking. 

FULL'-GRoWN, a. Grown to full size. Milton. 

FtJLL'-HEART-ED, a. Full of courage or confidence. 

FULL'-HOT, a. 1. Heated to the utmost. Shak. 2. Quite 
as hot as it ought to be. 

FULL'-La-DEN, a. Laden to the full. 

FiJLL'-MANNED, a. Completely furnished with men. 

FiJLL'-MOUTHED, a. Having a full, strong voice. 

FULL'-ORBED, a. Having the orb complete or fully illu- 
minated, as the moon ; like the full moon. 

FULL'-SPREAD, a. Extended to the utmost. Dryden. 

PtJLL'-SToM-ACHED, a. Having the stomach crammed. 

FULL'-STUFFED, a. Filled to the utmost extent. 

FilLL'-SUMMED, a. Complete in all its parts. 
, FULL'-WINGED, a. 1. Having complete wings, or large 
strong wings, 2. Ready for flight ; eager. 

FULL, V. t. [Sax. fallian ; L. fullo.] To thicken cloth in 
a mill ; to make compact ; or to scour, cleanse and thick- 
en in a mill. 

FULL' AGE, n. Money paid for fulling cloth. 

FULLED, pn. Cleansed; thickened; made dense and 
firm in a mill. 

FULL'ER, n. One whose occupation is to full cloth. 

FtJLL'ER'S-EARTH, n. A variety of clay. 

FULL'ER'S-THIS-TLE, )n. Teasel, a plant of the genus 

riJLL'ER'S-WEED, \ dipsacus. The burrs are used 
in dressing cloth. 



FULL'ER- Y, 71. The place or the works where the fulling 
of cloth is carried on. 

FULL'ING, ppr. Thickening cloth in a mill ; making compact 

FIJLL'ING, n. The art or practice of thickening cloth, and 
making it compact and firm, in a mill. 

FULL'ING-MILL, n. A mill for fulling cloth. 

FULL'NESS, n. 1. The state of being filled, so as to leave 
no part vacant. 2. The state of aboundmg or being in 
great plenty ; abundance. 3. Completeness ; the state 
of a thing in which nothing is wanted ; perfection. 4. 
Repletion ; satiety ; as from intemperance. 5. Repletion 
of vessels. 6. Plenty ; wealth ; afiluence. 7. Struggling 
perturbation ; swelling, b. Largeness ; extent. 9. Loud- 
ness ; force of sound, such as fills the ear. 

FIJLL'Y, adv. 1. Completely; entirely; without lack or 
defect ; in a manner to give satisfaction ; to the extent 
desired. 2. Completely ; perfectly. 

FUL'MAR, ?!. 1. A fowl of the genus ^woceZZaria. 2. The 
foulemart or fulimart. See Foumart. 

FUL'MI-NANT, a. [Fr.; L./wZmmans.] Thundering. 

FUL'MI-NATE, v. i. [L. fulmino.] 1. To thunder. 2. To 
make a loud, sudden noise, or a sudden sharp crack ; to 
detonate. 3. To hurl papal thunder ; to issue forth eccle- 
siastical censures. 

FUL'MI-NATE, v. t. 1. To utter or send out, as a denun- 
ciation or censure. 2. To cause to explode. 

FUL'MI-NA-TING, ppr. 1, Thundering ; crackling ; ex- 
ploding ; detonating. 2. Hurling menaces or censures. 

FUL-MI-Na'TION, 71. 1. A thundering. 2. Denunciation 
of censure or threats, as by papal authority. 3. The ex- 
plosion of certain chemical preparations ; detonation. 

FUL'MI-NA-TO-RY, a. Thundering ; striking terror. 

t FUL'MlNE, V. i. To thunder. Milton. 

FUL'MlNE, V. t. To shoot ; to dart like lightning. 

FUL-MIN'I€, a. Fulminic acid, in chemistry, is a peculiar 
acid contained in fulminating silver. 

* FUL'SoME, ) a. [Sax. ful.] Gross ; disgusting byplain- 
*FlJLL'S6ME, \ ness, grossness or excess. 

* FUL'SoME-LY, adv. Grossly ; with disgusting plainness 
or cxcGss. 

*FUL'S6ME-NESS, n. Offensive grossness, as of praise. 

FUL'SoME, a. [Sax. ful.] 1. Nauseous ; offensive. 2. 
Rank ; offensive to the smell. 3. Lustful. 4. Tending 
to obscenity. [These are the English definitions of ful- 
some, but I have never witnessed such applications of the 
word in the United States.] 

FUL'S6ME-LY, adv. Rankly ; nauseously; obscenely. 
Eng. 

FUL'SoME-NESS, n. Nauseousness ; rank smell ; ob- 
scenity. Eng. 

FUL'VID. See FtJLVous. 

FUL'VOUS, a. [L. fulvus.] Yellow ; tawny ; saffron- 
colored. 

FU-Ma'DO, n. [L. fumus.] A smoked fish. 

Fu'MAGE, M. [Ij. fumus.] Hearth-money. Diet. 

Fu'MA-TO-RY, n. [Ft. fumeterre.] A plant. 

FUM'BLE, V. i. [D. fommelen.] 1. To feel or grope about ; 
to attempt awkwardly. 2. To grope about in perplexity ; 
to seek awkwardly. Dryden. 3. To handle much ; to 
play childishly ; to turn over and over. 

FUM'BLE, V. t. To manage awkwardly ; to crowd or tum- 
ble together. Shak. 

FUM'BLER, n. One who gropes or manages awkwardly. 

FUM'BLING, ppr. Groping ; managing awkwardly. 

FUM'BLING-LY, adv. In an awkward manner. 

FUME, n. [1,. fumus.] 1. Smoke ; vapor from combustion, 
as from burning wood or tobacco. 2. Vapor ; volatile 
matter ascending in a dense body. 3. Exhalation from 
the stomach. 4. Rage ; heat. 5. Any thing unsubstan 
tial or fleeting. 6. Idle conceit ; vain imagination. 

FUME, V. i. [IL.fiimo ; Fr. fumer.] 1. To smoke ; to throw 
off vapor, as in combustion. 2. To yield vapor or visible 
exhalations. 3. To pass off in vapors. 4. To be in a 
rage ; to be hot with anger. 

FUME, V. t. 1. To smoke ; to dry ip smoke. 2. To per- 
fume. 3. To disperse or drive away in vapors. 

Fu'MET, n. The dung of deer. B. Jonson. 

Fy-METTE',7i, [Fr.] The stink of meat. Swift. 

Fu'MID, a. [1,. famidus.] Smoky; vaporous. 

Fu'Ml-GATE, V. t. [L. fumigo.] 1. To smoke ; to per- 
fume. 2. To apply smoke to ; to expose to smoke. 

Fu'MI-GA-TED, pp. Smoked ; exposed to smoke. 

Fu'MI-GA-TING, ppr. Smoking ; applying smoke to. 

FU-MI-GA'TION,n. [l..fumigatio.] 1. The act of smoking 
or applying smoke. 2. Vapors ; scent raised by fire. 

FuM'ING, ppr. Smoking ; emitting vapors ; raging. 

FuM ING-LY, adv. Angrily ; in a rage. Hooker. 

FuM'ISH, a. Smoky ; hot ; choleric. [Little used.] 

Fu'MI-TER, n. A plant. 

FtJM'Y ' ( ^' P^^oducing fume ; full of vapor. Dryden. 
FUN, n. Sport ; vulgar merriment. j1 low word. 
FU-NAM'BU-LA-TO-RY, a. Performing like a rope-dan- 
cer ; narrow, like the walk of a rope-dancer. 



* See Synopsis a, E, I, O, V, "7, long.— FS.R, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— t Ohiolcte. 



FUR 



365 



FUR 



FU-NAM'BU-LIST, n. [L. funis and ambulo.] A rope- 
walker or dancer. 
* FU-NAM'BU-LO, In. [L. funambulus.] A rops-dancer. 

f FU-NAM'BU-LUS, j Bacon. 

FUNCTION, 71. [L. functio.] I. In a. general sense, the 
doing, executing or performing of any thing ; discharge ; 
performance. 2. Office or employment, or any duty or 
business belonging to a particular station or character. 3. 
Trade; occupation; [less proper.] 4. The office of any 
particular- part of animal bodies. 5. Power ; faculty, ani- 
mal or intellectual. 

FUN€'TION-AL-LY, adv. By means of the functions. 
Lawrence, Led. 

FUN€'TION-A-RY, n. One who holds an office or trust. 

FUND, n. [Fr. fond.] 1. A stock or capital ; a sum of 
money appropriated as the foundation of some commer- 
cial or other operation. 2. Money lent to government, 
constituting a national debt ; or the stock of a national 
debt. 3. Money or income destined to the payment of 
the interest of a debt. 4. A sinking fund is a sum of 
money appropriated to the purchase of the public stocks 
or the payment of the public debt. 5. A stock or capital 
to affiDrd supplies of any kind. 6. Abundance; ample 
stock or store. 

FUND, V. t. 1. To provide and appropriate a fund. 2. To 
place money in a fund. 

FUND'A-MENT, n. [L. fundamentum.] 1. The seat ; the 
lower part of the body, or of the intestinum rectum. 2. 
Foundation ; \jiot in wse.] Chaucer. 

FUN-DA-MENT'AL, a. Pertaining to the foundation or 
basis ; serving for the foundation. 

FUN-DA-MENT'AL, n. A leading or primary principle, 
rule, law or article, which serves as the ground-work of 
a system. 

FUN-DA-MENT'AL-LY, adv. Primarily ; originally ; es- 
sentially ; at the foundation. 

FUND'ED, pp. Furnished with funds for regular payment 
of the interest of. 

FUND'ING, ppr. Providing funds for the payment of the 
interest of. 

FU-Ne'BRI-AL, a. [L. funebris.] Pertaining to funerals. 

tFU-NE'BRI-OUS, a. [L,. funebns.] Funereal. 

Fu'NER-AL, n. [It. ftinerale.] 1. Buriol ; the ceremony of 
burying a dead body ; obsequies. 2. The procession of 
persons attending the burial of the dead. 3. Burial ; in- 
terment. Denham. 

FtJ'NER-AL, a. Pertaining to burial ; used at the inter- 
nient of the dead. 

tFu'NER-ATE, 17. f. [L. funeratus.] To bury. Cockeram. 

t FU-NER-A'TION, n. Solemnization of a funeral. 

FU-Ne'RE-AL, a. 1. Suiting a funeral ; pertaining to 
burial. 2. Dark ; dismal ; mournful. Taylor. 

fFU-NEST', a. [L. funestus.] Doleful; lamentable. 
Phillips. 

FUN 'GATE, 71. [from fungus.] A compound of fungic acid 
and a base. Coxe. 

t FUN6E, n. [L. fungus.] A blockhead ; a dolt ; a fool. 
Burton. 

PUN'(jI€, a. Pertaining to or obtained from mushrooms. 

FUN'Ctl-FORM, a. In mineralogy, having a termination 
similar to the head of a fungus. 

FUN GIN, 71. The fleshy part of mushrooms. 

FUN'GITE, 7?. A kind of fossil coral. 

FUN-GOS'I-TY, 71. Soft excrescence. 

FUN'GOUS, a. [See Fungus.] 1. Like fungus or a mush- 
room ; excrescent ; spungy ; soft. 2. Growing suddenly, 
but not substantial or durable. 

FUN'GUS, 71. [L.] 1. A ihushroom, vulgarly called a 
toadstool. 2. A spungy excrescence in animal bodies, as 
proud flesh formed in wounds. 

Fu'NI-€LE, 71. [L. funiculus.] A small cord ; a small lig- 
ature ; a fibre. Johnson. 

FU-NI€'U-LAR, a. Consistmg of a small cord or fibre. 

FUNK, 71. An offensive smell. [Vulgar.] 

t FUNK, V. t. To poison with an ofl'ensive smell. Ring. 

t FUNK, 7). i. To stink through fear. Epioram on J. Burton. 

FUN'NEL, 71. [W. fynel.] 1. A passage or avenue for a 
fluid or flowing substance, particularly, the shaft or hollow 
channel of a chimney through which smoke ascends. 2. 
A vessel for conveying fluids into close vessels ; a kind of 
hollow cone with a pipe ; a tunnel. 

FUN'NEL-FORM, ) a. Having the form of a funnel or 

FUN'NEL-SHaPED, \ inverted hollow cone. 

FUN'NY, a. [from fun.] Droll; comical. 

FUN'NY, 7?.. A light boat. 

FUR, 71. [Fr. fourrure.] 1. The short, fine, soft hair of 
certain animals, growing thick on the skin, and distin- 
guished from the hair, which is longer and coarser. 2. 
The skins of certain wild animals with the fur ; peltry. 
3. Strips of skin with fur, used on garments for lining or 
for ornament. 4. Hair in general. 5. A coat of morbid 
matter collected on the tongue in persons affected with 
fever. 

FUR, V. t. 1. To line, face or cover with fur. 2. To cover 



with morbid matter, as the tongue. 3 To line with a 
board, as in carpentry. 

fFUR, adv. [commonly written /ar.l A;adist mce. Sidney 

FUR '-WROUGHT, (fur'rawt) a. Made of fur. Qay 

FU-Ra'CIOUS, a. [L. furax.] Given to theft ; inclined to 
steal ; thievish. [Little used.] 

FU-RAC'I-TY, 71. Thievishness. [Little used.] 

FUR'BE-LoW, n. [Fr., It., Sp. /aZiaZa.] A piece of siuflf 
plaited and puckered, on a gown or petticoat ; a flounce ; 
the plaited border of a petticoat or gown. 

FUR'BE-LoW, v. t. To put on a furbelow ; to furnish with 
an ornamental appendage of dress. 

FURBISH, ?;. t. [It. forhirej Fr. fourUr.] Toruborscour 
to brightness ; to polish ; to burnish. 

FUR'BISH-A-BLE, a. That may be polished. Sherwood 

FUR'BISHED, pp. Scoured to brightness ; polished ; bur- 
nished. 

FUR'BISH-ER, n. One who polishes or makes bright by 
rubbing ; one who cleans. 

FUR'BISH-ING, ppr. Rubbing to brightness ; polishing. 

FUR'€ATE, a. [L. furca.] Forked ; branching like the 
prongs of a fork. Lee, Botany, 

FUR-€a'TI0N, 71. A forking ; a branching like the tine^; 
of a fork. Brown. 

t FUR'DLE, 7>. t. [Yr.fardeau.] To draw up into a bundle 
Brown. 

FUR'FUR, 71. [L.] DandruflT; scurf; scales like bran. 

FUR-FU-Ra'CEOUS, a. [1,. furfur aceiLs.] Scaly; branny ; 
scurfy ; like bran. 

Fu'RI-OUS, a. [L. furiosus.] 1. Rushing with impetuosity ; 
moving with violence. 2. Raging ; violent ; transported 
with passion. 3. Mad ; phrenetic. 

Fu'RI-OUS-LY, adv. With impetuous motion or agitation ; 
violently ; vehemently. 

Fu'RI-OUS-NESS, n I. Impetuous motion or rushing ; vi- 
olent agitation. 2. Madness ; phrensy ; rage. 

FURL, V. t. [Fr. ferler.] To draw up ; to contract ; to 
wrap or roll a sail close to the yard, stay or mast, and 
fasten it by a gasket or cord. 

FURLED, j>p. Wrapped and fastened to a yard, &,c. 

FURL'ING, ppr. Wrapping or rolling and ffistening to a 
yard, &c. 

FUR'LONG, 71. [Sax. furlang.] A measure of length ,• tl:e 
eighth part of a mile ; forty rods, poles or perches. 

FUK'LoUGH, ) n. [D. verlof.] 1. Leave of absence ; a 

FUR'LoW, ) word used only in military affairs, 

FUR'LoUGH, I V. t. To furnish with a furlough ; to grant 

FUR'LoW, \ leave of absence to an officer or soldier. 

FUR'MEN-TY. See Frumenty. 

FUR'NACE, 71. [Fr. fournaise, fournean.] I. A place 
where a vehement fire and heat may be made and main 
tained, for nieltmg ores or metals, &c. — 2. In Scripture 
a place of cruel bondage and affliction. Deut, iv. 3. 
Grievous afflictions by which men are tried. Ezek. xxii, 
4. A place of temporal torment. Dan, iii. 5. Hell ; the 
place of endless torment. Matt, xiii. 

FUR'NACE, V. t. To throw out sparks as a furnace. 

t FUR'NI-MENT, 71. [Fr.fowrniment.] Furniture Spenser 

FUR'NISH, V. t. [Fr. fcumir.] 1, To supply with an> 
thing wanted or necessary. 2. To supply ; to store. 3. 
To fit up ; to supply with the proper goods, vessels or 
ornamental appendages. 4. To equip ; to fit for an ex 
pedition ; to supply. 

t FUR'NISH, 71. A specimen ; a sample Greene. 

FUR'NISHED, a. Supplied ; garnished ; fitted with neces- 
saries. 

FUR'NISH-ER, 7i. One who supplies or fits out. 

FUR'NISH-ING, ppr. Supplying ; fitting ; garnishing. 

FUR'NISH-MENT, 71. A supply. Cotgrave. 

FUR'NI-TURE, n. [Fr. fourniture.] 1. Goods, vessels, 
utensils and other appendages necessary or convenient for 
housekeeping. 2. Appendages ; that which is added for 
use or ornament. 3. Equipage ; ornaments ; decorations. 

FURRED, pp. Lined or ornamented with fur ; thickened 
by the addition of a board. 

FUR'RI-ER, n. A dealer in furs. 

FUR'RI-ER-Y, n. Furs in genera . Tooke. 

FUR 'RING, ppr. Lining or ornamenting with fur ; lining 
with a board. 

FUR'RoW, 71. [Sax. fur, or furh.] 1. A trench in the earth 
made by a plough. 2. A long, narrow trench or channel 
in wood or metal ; a groove. 3. A hollow made by 
wrinkles in the face. 

FUR'RoW, V. t. [Sax. fyrian.] 1. To cut a furrow; to 
make furrows in ; to plough. 2 To make long, narrow 
channels or grooves in. 3. To cut ; to make channels in j 
to plough. 4. To make hollows in by wrinkles. 

FUR'RoW-FaCED, a. Having a wrinkled face 

FUR'RoW-WEED, n. A weed growing on ploughed land. 

FUR'RY, a. 1. Covered with fur ; dressed in fur. 2. Con 
sisting of fur or skins. 

FUR'THER, a. [Bax. further, comparMive of forth.] I 
More or most distant. 2. Additional. 

FUR'THER, adv. To a greater distance. 



• See Siinovsis^ McVE, BOOK, DOVE •— BIJL^., UNITE.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



GAB 



366 



GAD 



FURTHER, V. t. [Sax. fyHhrian.] To help forward ; to 
promote ; to advance onward ; to forward ; hence, to help 
or assist. 

FUR'THER-ANCE, n. A helping forward; promotion; 
advancement. 

FUR'-f HERED, pp. Promoted ; advanced. 

FUR'T HER-ER, n. One who helps to advance ; a pro- 
moter. 

FUR'THER-MORE, adv. Moreover ; besides ; in addition 
to what has been said. 

FUR'THEPT, a. Most distant either in time or place. 

FUR'THEoT, adv. At the greatest distance. 

FUR'TIVE, a. [L.furtivus^ Fr.furtif.] Stolen 3 obtained 
by theft. Prior. 

FCRUN-€LE, n. [1,. furunculus.1 A small tumor or boil, 
with inflammation and pain. 

Fu'RY, 71. [L. furor, furia.] 1. A violent rushing ; impetu- 
ous motion. 2. Rage ; a storm of anger ; madness 3 tur- 
bulence. 3. Enthusiasm ; heat of the mind. — 4. In my- 
thology, a deity, a goddess of vengeance ; hence, a stormy, 
turbulent, violent woman. 

FU'RY-LIKE, a. Raging ; furious ; violent. Thomson. 

FURZ,7z. [Sax.fyrs.] Gorse 3 whin 3 a thorny plant of the 
genus ulex. 

FURZ'Y, a. Overgrown with furz 3 full of gorse, 

FUS-€a'TION, n. Darkening or obscuring. Diet. 

FUS CITE, n. A mineral. Phillips. 

FUS'eOUS, a. [L. fiiscus.] Brown 3 of a dark color 

FUSE, v.t. [L. fundo, fusum.] To melt 3 to liquefy by 
heat 3 to render fluid 3 to dissolve. 

FUSE, V. i. To be melted 3 to be reduced from a solid to a 
fluid state by heat. 

Fused, pp. Melted ; liquefied. 

FU-SEE', 71. [Ft. fusee, fuseau.] The cone or conical part 
of a watch or clock, round which is wound the chain or 
cord. 

FU-SEE', n. [Ft.] 1. A small, neat musket or firelock. 
But we now use fusil. 2. Fusee or fuse of a bomb or gra- 
nade, a small pipe filled with combustible matter, by which 
fire is communicated to the powder in the bomb. 3. The 

*FU-SI-BIL'I-TY, 72. The quality of being fusible, or of 
being convertible from a solid to a fluid state by heat. 

* Fu'SI BLE, a. [Fr-] That may be melted or liquefied. 

Fu SI -FORM, a. [L. fusus, a sp'ndle, and form.] Shaped 
like a spindle. Pennant. 

FU'SIL, a. [Fr. fusile ; L. fusilis.] 1. Capable of being 
melted or rendered fluid by heat. 2. Running 3 flowing, 
asa liquid. 

*FuSIL, 71. [Fr.] 1. A light musket or firelock. 2. A 
bearing, in heraldry, of a rhomboidal figure, named from 
its shape, which resembles that of a spindle. 

FU-SIL-EER', n. Properly, a soldier armed with a fusil ; 
but in modern times, a soldier armed like others of the 
infantry, and distinguished by wearing a cap like a gren- 
adier. 

FtJ'SION, 71. [Li.fusio.] 1. The act or operation of melting 
or rendering fluid by heat, without the aid of a solvent. 
2. The state of being melted or dissolved by heat ; a state 
of fluidity or flowing in consequence of heat. 

Fu'SoME, a. Handsome 3 neat ; notable 3 tidy. Grose. 



FUSS, 71. A tumult 3 a bustle. [A vulgar word.] 

FUS SOCK, n. A large, gross woman. Grose. 

FUS'SLE. See Fuzzle. 

FUST, 71. [Fr. fut.] The shaft of a column. 

FUST, 71. [Fi.fiit.] A strong, musty smell. 

FUST, V. i. To become moldy ; to smell ill. 6hak 

FUST'ED, a. iloldy ; ill smelling. 

FUS TET, n. [Fr. 3 Sp., Port, fustete.] The wood of the 

rhus cotinus, which yields a fine orange color. 
FUSTTAN, (fust'yan) ?(. [Fr.futaine.] 1. A kind of cotton 

stufi", or stufl" of cotton and linen. 2. An inflated style ot 

writing ; a swelling style ; bombast. 
FUST'IAN, a. 1. Made of fustian.— 2. In style, swelling 

above tlie dignity of the thoughts or subject 3 too pompoi^ 3 

ridiculously tumid 5 bombastic. 
FUST'IAN-IST, n. One who writes bombast. 
FUS'Tie, n. [Sp./iwfe.l The wood of the 7ftorws tmctoria, 

a tree growing in the West Indies. 
FUS-TI-Ga'TION, 71. [L. fustigatio.] Among the ancient 

Romans, a. punishment by beating w'ith a stick or club. 
FUST-I-La'RI-AN, n. A low fellow 3 a stinkard ; a scoun- 
drel. 

FUST'i'lUGS ( "* ^ Sross, fat, unwieldy person. Junius. 
FUST'I-NESS,'?!. a fusty state or quality 3 an ill smell 

from moldiness, or moldiness itself. 

FUST'Y, a. Moldy 3 musty 3 ill-smelling 3 rank 3 rancid. 
Shal:. 

Futile, a. [Fr. ; 'L.futHis.] 1. Talkative; loquacious 5 
tattling 3 [ohs.] 2. Trifling 3 of no weight or importance 5 
answering no valuable purpose ; worthless. 3- Of no 
efiect. 

FU-TIL'I-TY, 71. 1. Talkativeness 3 loquaciousness ; lo- 
quacity 3 [obs.] 2. Triflingness ; unimportance 3 want ot 
weight or elTect. 3. The quality of producing no valu- 
able effect, or of coming to nothing. 

tFu'TI-LOUS, a. Worthless; trifling. Howell. 

FUT'TOCK, n. [qu. font-hook, or corrupted from foot-lock. \ 
In a ship, the futtocks are the middle timbers, between 
the floor and the upper timbers. 

Fu TURE, a. [L. futunis ; Fr. futur.] 1. That is to be ot 
come hereafter. — 2. The future tense, in grammar, is the 
modification of a verb which expresses a future act or 
event. 

Fu'TURE, n. Time to come 3 a time subsequent to the 
present. 

fFu'TURE-LY, ado. In time to come. Raleigh. 

FU-TU-RrTION, 71. The state of being to come or exist 
hereafter. South. 

FU-Tu'RI-TY, 7i. 1. Future time ; time to come. 2. Event 
to come. 3. The state of being yet to come. 

FUZZ, V. t. To make drunk. [^ loio word.] See Fuzzle. 

FUZZ, V. i. To fly off" in minute particles. 

FUZZ, 71. Fine, light particles ; loose, volatile matter. 

FUZZ'BALL, 71. 1. A kind of fungus, which when pressed 
bursts and scatters a fine dust. 2. A puff". 

FUZ'ZLE, V. t. To intoxicate. Burton. 

FUZ'ZY, a. Light and spungy. Craven dialect. Written 
alsofozy by Brockett. 

FY, exclam. A word which expresses blame, dislike, dis- 
approbation, abhorrence or contempt. 



G. 



Gthe seventh letter and the fifth articulation of the Eng- 
> lish Alphabet, is derived to us, through the Latin 
and Greek, from the Assyrian languages. It has two 
sounds, one hzird or close, as in gave ; the other soft, like 
j or dzh, as in gem. It retains its hard sound in all cases, 
before a, ana w ; but before e, i and y, its sound is hard 
or soft, as custom has dictated, and its diff'erent sounds 
are not reducible to rules. It is silent in some words ; as, 
benign, condign. 

As a numeral, G was anciently used to denote 400, and, with 
a dash over it, G, 40,000. — In music, it is the mark of the 
treble cliff"; and, from its being placed at the head, or mark- 
ing the first sound in Guido's scale, the whole scale took 
the name Gammut, from the Greek name of the letter. 

GA, in Gothic, is a prefix, answering to ge in Saxon and 
other Teutonic languages. 

GAB, n. [Scot, gab.] The mouth 3 as in the phrase, the 
gift of the gah, that is, loquaciousness. [A vulgar 
phrase.] 

GAB, V. i. [Sax. gabban.] 1. To talk idly 3 to prate. Chau- 
cer. 2. To lie ; to unpose upon. 

* GAB'AR-DINE, or GAB-AR-DiXE', 71. [Sp. gabardina.] 
A coarse frock or loose upper garment 3 a mean dress. 
Shak. 

GABBLE, V. i. [D. gabheren.] 1. To prate 3 to talk fast, or i 



to talk without meaning. 2. To utter inarticulate sounds 

with rapidity. 
GAB'BLE, 7i."l. Loud or rapid talk without meaning- 2 

Inarticulate sounds rapidly uttered, as of fowls. 
GAB'BLER, n. A prater 3 a noisy talker 3 one that utters 

inarticulate somids. 
GABBLING, ppr. Prating 3 chattering 3 uttering unmean- 
ing or inarticulate soimds. 
GAB'BRO, n. In mineralogy, the name given by the Itahans 

to the aggregate of diallage and saussurite. 
GaBEL, 7!. [Fr. gabelle.j A tax, impost or duty 5 usually 

an excise. 
GA'BEL-ER, n. A collector of the gabel or of taxes. 
Ga'BI-ON, n. [Fr. 3 It. gabbione.] In fortification, s large 

basket of wicker-worfc,°of a cylindrical form, filled with 

earth. 
Ga'BIjE, n. [W. gavacl.] The triangular end of a house or 

other building, from the cornice or eaves to the top. In 

^m erica, it is usually called the gable-end. 
Ga'BRI-EL-iTES, 7!. In ecclesiastical history, a sect of ana- 
baptists in Pomerania, so called from one Gabriel Scher- 

luig. 
Ga'BRO-NITE, 71. A mineral. Cleaveland. 
Ga'BY, 7i. A silly, foolish person. See Gawbt. 
GAD, 7!. [Sax. gad.] 1. A wedge or ingot of steel. 2. A 



* See Synopi^is A, K- f , O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT 3— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD 



t Obsolete. 



GAl 



307 



GAL 



style or graver. 3. A punch of iron with a wooden han- 
dle, used by miners. 

GAD, V. i. [Ir. gad.] 1. To walk about ; to rove or ramble 
idly or without any fixed purpose. 2. To ramble in 
growth. Milton. 

GAD'A-BOUT, n. One who runs much abroad without 
business. [.^ colloquial term.] 

GAD'DEE., n. A rambler ; one that roves about idly. 

GAD'BING, ppr. Rambling; roving; walking about. 

GAIVDING-LY, adv. In a rambling, roving manner. Hu- 
loet. 

GAD'FLY, n. [Sax. gad, and fiy.] An insect of the genus 
oestrus, which stings cattle ; called also the breeze. 

t GAD'LING, a. Straggling. 

GA-Do'LI-NITE, n. A mineral. 

GAD'WALL, n. A fowl of the genus anas. 

GaE'LI€, or Ga'LI€, a. [from Gael, Gaul, Gallia.] Ah 
epithet denoting what belongs to the Gaels, tribes of 
Celtic origin inhabiting the highlands of Scotland. 

GaE'LI€, (ga'lik) n. The language of the highlanders of 
Scotland. 

GAFF, n. A fool. See Gi ff. 

GAFF, n. [Ir. gaf.] 1. A harpoon. 2. A sort of boom or 
pole, used in small ships. 

GAF'FER, n. [Sax. gefere.] A word of respect, which 
seems to have degenerated into a term of familiarity or 
contempt. [Little used.] 

GAF'FLE, n. [Sax. geaflas.] 1. An artificial spur put on 
cocks when they are set to fight. 2. A steel lever to 
bend cross-bows. 

GAF'TY, a. Doubtful; suspected. Cheshire. 

GAG, V. t. [W. cegiaw.] 1. To stop the mouth by thrusting 
something into the throat, so as to hinder speaking. 2. 
To keck ; to heave with nausea. 

GAG, n. Something thrust into the mouth and throat to 
hinder speaking. 

GAGE, n. [Fr. gage.] 1. A pledge or pawn ; something 
laid down or given as a security. 2. A challenge to com- 
bat. 3. A measure, or rule of measuring ; a standard. 
[See Gauge.] 4. The number of feet which a ship sinks 
in the water. 5. Among letter-founders, a piece of hard 
wood variously notched, used to adjust the dimensions, 
slopes, &c. of the various sorts of letters. 6. An instru- 
ment in joinery, made to strike a line parallel to the 
straight side of a board. — A sliding-gage, a tool used by 
mathematical instrument makers for measuring and set- 
ting oii' distances. — Sea-gage, an instrument for finding 
the depth of the sea. — Tide-gage, an instrument for de- 
termining the height of the tides. — TVind gage, an instru- 
ment for measuring the force of the wind on any given 
surface. — Weather gage, the windward side of a ship. 

GAGE, V. t. 1. To pledge ; to pawn ; to give or deposit as a 
pledge or security for some other act ; to wage or wager ; 
[obs.] 2. To bind by pledge, caution or security ; to en- 
gage. 3. To measure ; to take or ascertain the contents 
of a vessel, cask or sliip ; written also gauge. 

GAGED, pp. Pledged ; measured. 

Ga'GER, n. One who gages or measures the contents. 

GAG'GER, 71. One that gags. 

GAG'GLE, v. i. [D. gaggelen.] To make a noise like a 
goose. * 

GAG'GLING, n. Th3 noise of geese. 

Ga'GING, ppr. Pledging ; measuring the contents. 

GaH'NITE, n. A mineral, called also automalite. 

GaI'LY, adv. [better written gayly.] 1 Splendidly ; with 
finery or showiness. 2. Joyfully ; merrily. 

GAIN, V. t. [Fr. gagner.] 1. To obtain by industry or the 
employment of capital ; to get as profit or advantage ; to 
acquire. 2. To win ; to obtain by superiority or success. 
3. To obtain ; to acquire ; to procure ; to receive. 4. To 
obtain an increase of any thing. 5. To obtain or receive 
any thing, good or bad. 6. To draw into any interest or 
party; to win to one's side ; to conciliate. 7. To obtain as 
a suitor. 8. To reach : to attain to ; to arrive at. — To gain 
into, to draw or persuade to join in. — To gain over, to draw 
to another party or interest ; to win over. — To gain ground, 
to advance in any undertaking ; to prevail ; to increase. 

GAIN, V. i. 1. To have advantage or profit ; to grow rich ; 
to advance in interest or happhiess. 2. To encroach ; to 
advance on ; to come forward by degrees ; with on. 3. 
To advance nearer ; to gain ground on. 4. To get ground ; 
to prevail against, or have the advantage. 5. To obtain 
influence with. — To gain the wind, in sea language, is to 
arrive on the windward side of another ship. 

GAIN, n. [Fr. gain.] 1. Profit; interest; something ob- 
tained as an advantage. 2. Unlawful advantage. 3. 
Overplus in computation ; any thing opposed to loss. 

GAIN, n. [W. gdii.] In architecture, a beveling shoulder; 
a lapping of timbers, or the cut that is made for receiving 
a timber. 

t GAIN, a. Handy ; dextrous. 

GaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be obtained or reached. 

GaIN'AGE, n. In old laws, the same as wainage, that is, 
guainage ; the horses, oxen and furniture of the wain, or 



the instruments for carrying on tillage ; also the land it- 
self, or the profit made by cultivation. 

Gained, ^p. Obtained as profit or advantage; won; drawn 
over to a party ; reached. 

GaIN'ER, n. One that gains or obtains profit, interest or 
advantage. 

GaIN'FUL, a. 1. Producing profit or advantage ; profitab^" , 
advantageous ; advancing interest or happiness. 2. Lu- 
crative ; productive of money ; adding ^ the wealth or 
estate. 

GaIN'FUL-LY, adv. With increase of wealth ; profitably ; 
advantageously. 

GaIN'FUL-NESS, n. Profit ; advantage. 

f GaIN'GIV-ING, n. A misgiving; a giving against or 
away. Shah. 

GaIN'LESS, a. Not producing gain; unprofitable; no 
bringing advantage. Hammond. 

GaIN'LESS-NESS, 71. Unprofitableness ; want of advan- 
tage. Decay of Piety. 

|GaIN'LY, adv. HandUy ; readily; dextrously. 

*GAIN-SaY', v. i. [Sax. gcan, or ongean, and sav.] To 
contradict ; to oppose m words ; to deny or declare not to 
be truewhat another says ; to controvert ; to dispute. 

GAIN-SaY'ER, 7i. One who contradicts or denies what is 
alledgedj an opposer. Tit. i. 

* GAIN-SaY'ING, ppr. Contradicting ; denying ; opposing. 

'GAINST. See Against. 

IGaIN'STAND, v.t. [Sax. gean, and stand.] To with- 
stand; to oppose; to resist. Sidney. 

t Gain-strive, v. i. To make resistance. 

fGAlN'STRIVE, V. t. To withstand. 

GAIR'ISH, a. [Sax. gcarwian.] 1. Gaudy; showy; fine; 
afiectedly fine ; tawdry. 2. Extravagantly gay ; flighty. 

GAIR'ISH-LY, adv. Gaudily ; in a showy manner. 

GAIR'[SH-NESS, n. Caud'iness ; finery ; ostentatious show. 
2. Flighty or extravagant joy, or ostentation. 

GAIT, n. 1. A going ; a walk ; a march ; a way. Shak 
2. Manner of walking or stepping. 

GaIT'ED, a. Having a particular gait, or method of walk- 
ing. 

GaI TER, n. A covering of cloth for the leg. 

GaI'TER, v. t. To dress with gaiters. 

Ga'LA, n. [Sp. gala.] A gala day is a day of pomp, show 
or festivity, wlien persons appear in their best apparel. 

GA-LA€'TiTE, n. A fossil substance. 

I GA-LaGE', 71. [Sp. ^aZoc/m. See Galoche.] A wooden 
shoe. Spenser. 

G A-L AN GA, n. A plant, a species of the maranta. 

GA-LAN'GAL, 71. Zedoary, a species of Icmmpfcria. 

GA-LA'TIANS, 71. Inhabitants of Galatia. 

*GAL'AX-Y, 71. [Gr. yaXa^ias.] 1. The milky way ; that 
lon^, white, luminous track, which seems to encompass 
th^heavens like a girdle. 2. An assemblage of splendid 
persons or things. i?j3. I/^aZZ. 

GAL'BA-NUM, ) n. The concrete, gummy, resinous juire 

GAL'BAN, ) of an umbelliferous plant, called ferula 

Africana. 

GALE, 71. [Dan. gal ; Ir. gal.] A current of air; a strong 
wind. In the language of seamen, the word gale, unac 
coinpanied by an epithet, signifies a vehement wind, a 
storm or tempest. jMar. Diet. 

GALE, 71. A plant. Crabbe. 

GALE, V. i. In seamen^s language, to sail, or sail fast. 

Ga'LE-A, 77. [L. galea.] A genus of sea hedge-hogs. 

GAL'E-AS, 71. A Venetian ship, large, but low built. 

Ga'LE-A-TED, a. [L. galeatus.] I. Covered as with a 
helmet. — 2. In botany, having a flower like a helmet, as 
the monk's-hood. 

GA-LEE'TO, n. A fish of the genus blennius. 

GA-Le'NA, n. [Gr. ya\nvri.] 1. Originally, the name of the 
theriaca. 2. Sulphuret of lead. 

GA-LEN'ie, > a. 1. Pertaming to or containing galena. 

GA-LEN'I-€AL, \ 2. [from Galen, the physician.] Re- 
lating to Galen. 

Ga'LEN-ISM, 71. The doctrines of Galen. 

Ga'LEN-IST, 7!.. A follower of Galen. 

Ga'LER-ITE, n. A genus of fossil shells. 

GAL-I-Le'AN, 77. A native or inhabitant of Galilee. Also, 
one of a_sect among the J ews. 

GAL-I-Ma'TIA, 71. [Fr. galimatias.] Nonsense. 

GAL'IOT, 71. [Fr. galiote.] 1. A small galley, or sort of 
brigantine, built for chase. 2. Galiot, or galliott, a Dutch 
vessel, carrying a main-mast and a mizzen-mast. 

GAL/I-POT, n. [Sp.] A white resin or resinous juice. 

GALL, n. [Sax. gealla ; G. galle.] 1. In the animal econo- 
my, tlie bile, a bitter, yellowish-green fluid, secreted in 
the glandular substance of the liver. 2. Any thin^ ex- 
tremely bitter. 3. Rancor; malignity. 4. Anger; bitter- 
ness of mind. 

GALL'BLAD-DER, n. A small membranous sack, shaped 
like a pear, which receives the bile from the liver by the 
cystic duct. 

GALL'SI€K-NESS, n. A remitting bilious fever. 



* See Synopsis. M5VE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tAw t Obsolete 



GAL 



36b 



GAM 



GALLSTONE, n. A concretion formed in the gallblad- 
"der. 

GALL, n. [L. galla ; Sax. gealla.] A hard, round excres- 
cence on the oak tree in certain warm climates, said to be 
the nest of an insect called cynips. 

GALL, V, t. [Fr. galei-.] 1. To fret and wear away by fric- 
tion ; to excoriate j to hurt or break the skin by rubbing. 
2. To impair ; to wear away. 3. To tease ; to fret ; to 
vex ; to chagrin. 4. To wound ; to break the surface of 
any tiling by rubbing. 5. To injure ; to harass ; to annoy. 

GALL, V. i. To fret ; to be teased. Shak. 

GALL, 71. A wound in the skin by rubbing. 

GAL'LANT, a. [Fr. galant ; Sp. galante.] 1. Gay 5 well- 
dressed ; showy ; splendid ; magnificent 5 lohs.'] 2. Brave ; 
high-spirited j courageous ; heroic j magnanimous. 3. 
Fine ; noble. 

GAL-LaNT', a. Courtly; civil; polite and attentive to la- 
dies; courteous. 

GAL-LANT', n. 1. A gay, sprightly man ; a courtly or fash- 
ionable man. 2. A man who is polite and attentive to 
ladies ; one who attends upon ladies at parties, or to 
places of amusement. 3. A wooer ; a lover ; a suitor. — 
4. In an ill sense, one who caresses a woman for lewd 
purposes. 

GAL-LANT', v. t. 1. To attend or wait on, as a lady. 2. 
To handle with grace or in a modish manner. 

GAL'LANT-LY, a<fy. 1. Gayh" ; splendidly. 2. Bravely ; 
nobly ; heroically ; generously. 

GAL-LANT'LY, adv. In the manner of a wooer. 

GAL'LANT-NESS, n. Elegance or completeness of an ac- 
quired qualification. Howell. 

GAL'LANT-RY, n. [Sp. galanteria ; Fr. galanterie.] 1. 
Splendor of appearance ; show ; magnificence ; ostenta- 
tious finery. 2. Bravery ; courageousness ; heroism ; in- 
trepidity. 3. Nobleness ; generosity. 4. Civility or po- 
lite attentions to ladies. 5. Vicious love or pretensions 
to love ; civilities paid to females for the purpose of win- 
ning favors ; hence, lewdness ; debauchery. 

GAL'LATE, n. A neutral salt fonned by the gallic acid 
combined with a base. Lavoisier. 

GAL'LE-Ai5S. See Galeas. 

GALLED, pp. Having the skin or surface worn or torn by 
wearing oi rubbing ; fretted ; teased ; iniured ; vexed. 

G vi^LE-ON, 71. [Sip. galeon.] A large ship formerly used by 
tlie Spaniards, in their commerce with South America, 
usually furnished with four decks. 

GAL'LER-Y, n. [Fr. galerie.] 1. In architecture, a covered 
part of a building, commonly in tlie wings, used as an 
emibulatory or place for walking. 2. An ornamental 
walk or apartment in gardens, formed by trees. — 3. In 
churches, a floor elevated on columns, and furnished with 
pews or seats. A similar structure in a play-house. — 4. 
In fortification, a covered walk across the ditch of a town, 
made of beams covered with planks and loaded with 
earth. — 5. In a mine, a narrow passage or branch of the 
mine carried under ground to a work designed to be blown 
up. — 6. In a ship, a frame like a balcony. 

JAL'LE-TYLE, n. Gallipot. Bacon. 

GAL'LEY, 71. ,• plu. Galleys. [Sp. galera.] 1. A low, flat- 
built vessel, with one deck, and navigated with sails and 
oars ; used in the Mediterranean. 2. A piace of toil and 
misery. 3. An open boat used on the Thames by custom- 
house officers, press-gangs, and for pleasure. 4. The 
cook room or kitchen of a ship of war. 5. An oblong re- 
verberatory furnace, with a row of retorts. 

GAL'LEY-FOIST, n. A barge of state. Hakewell. 

GAL'LEY-SLAVE, 7;. A person condemned for a crime to 
work at tlie oar on board of a galley. 

GALL'FLy, 71. The insect that punctures plants, and occa- 
sions galls ; the cynips. Encyc. 

t GAL'LIARD, (gal'yard) a. [Fr. gaillard.] Gay ; brisk ; 
active. Chaucer. 

^GAL'LIARD, n. A brisk, gay man ; also, a lively dance. 
Bacon. 

fGAL'LIARD-ISE, n. Merriment; excessive gayety. 

fGAL'LIARD-NESS, 71. Gayety. Gayton. 

GAL'LIC, a. [Gallia.] Pertaining to Gaul or France. 

GALL'ie, a. [from gall.] Belonging to galls or oak apples ; 
'derived from galls. 

GAL'LI-€AN, a. [L. Gallicus.] Pertaining to Gaul or 
France. 

GAL'LI-CISM, n. [Fr. Gallicisme.] A mode of speech pecu- 
liar to the French nation. 

GAL-LI-GAS'KINS, n. [qu. Caligai Vasconum.] Large 
open hope ; used only in ludicrous language. 

GAL-LI-Ma'TIA, 71. Nonsense ; talk without meaning. 

GALLI-MAU-FRY, n. [Fr. galimafree.] I. A hash; a 
medley ; a hodge-podge ; [little us-e'd.] 2. Any inconsist- 
ent or ridiculous medley. 3. A woman ; [obs.] 

GAL-LI-Na'CEOUS, a. [L. gallinaceus.] 1. Designating 
that order of fowls called gallium, including the domestic 
fowls or those of the pheasant kind. 

GALL'ING, ppr. 1. Fretting the skin; excoriating. 2. a. 
'Adapted to fret or chagrin ; vexing. 



GAL'LI-NTJLE, n. [L. gallinula.] A tribe of fowls of the 

grallic order, included under the genus /wZica. 
GAL'LIOT, or GAL'LEOT. See Galiot. 
GAL'LI-POT, n, [D. gleye, and pot.] A small pot or vesse' 

painted and glazed, used for containing medicines. 
GAL-LIT'ZIN-ITE, 7?. Rutile, an ore cf titanium. 
GAL'LI-VAT, n. A small vessel used on the Malabar coast 

Todd. 
GALL'LESS, a. Free from gall or bitterness. 
GAL'LON, n. [Sp. galon.] A measure of capacity for dry 

or liquid things, but usually for liquids, containing foui 

quarts. 
GAL-LOON', 72. [Fr. galon.] A kind of close lace made of 

gold or silver, or of silk only. 
GAL'LOP, V i. [Fr. galoper.] 1. To move or run with 

leaps, as a horse ; to run or move with speed. 2. To ride 

with a galloping pace. 3. To move very fast; to run 

over. 
GAL'LOP, n. The movement or pace of a quadruped, par- 
ticularly of a horse, by springs, reaches or leaps. 
GAL'LOP-ER, 7?. 1. A hoi-se that gallops ; also, a man that 

gallops or makes haste. — 2. In artillery, a carriage which 

bears a gun of a pound and a half ball. 
t GAL'LO-PIN, n. [Fr.] A Servant for the kitchen. 
t GAL'LoW, V. t. [Sax. agalwan.] To fright or terrify. 
GAL'LO-WaY, 71. A horse or species of horses of a small 

size, bred in Galloway in Scotland. 
GAL'LoW-GLASS, 71. An ancient Irish foot soldier. 
GAL'LoWS, 71. ; plu. Gallowses. [Sax. galg, gealga.] 

1 . An instrument of punishment whereon criminals are 
executed by hanging. 2. A wretch that deserves the gal- 
lov/s ; [not uscd.^ Shak. 

GAL'LoWS-FREE, a. Free from danger of the gallows. 
Dry den. 

GAL'LoW-TREE, n. The tree of execution. 

GALL'Y, a. Like gall ; bitter as gall. Cranmer. 

GAL'LY, n. [Port, gale.] A printer's frame. 

GAL'LY-WoRM, n. An insect of the centiped kind. 

GA-LoCHE', 71. [Fr., from Sp. galocha.] A patten, clog or 
wooden shoe, or a shoe to be worn over another shoe to 
keep the foot dry. It is written also galoshe. 

fGAL'SoME, (gawl'sum) a. Angry; malignant. 

GAL-VAN'I€, a. Pertaining to galvanism ; containing or 
exhibiting it. 

GAL'VAN-ISM, 71. [from Galvani, of Bologna, the discov- 
erer.] Electrical phenomena, in which the electricity is 
developed without the aid of friction, and in which a 
chemical action takes place between certain bodies. Edin. 
Encyc. 

GAL'VAN-IST, n. One who believes in galvanism ; one 
versed in galvanism. 

GAL'VA-NiZE, v.t. To affect with galvanism. 

GAL-VA-NOL'0-GIST, n. One who describes the phe- 
nomena of galvanism. 

GAL-VA-N0L'0-6Y, n. A treatise on galvanism, or a de- 
scription of its phenomena. 

GAL-VA-NOM'E-TER, t;. An instrument for measuring 
minute quantities of electricity. 

GA-MASH'ES, n. Short spatterdashes worn by ploughmen. 

GAM-Ba'DoES, 71. Spatterdashes. 

GAM'BET, 7?. A bird of the size of the greenshank. 

GAM'BLE, v. i. To play or game for money. 

GAM'BLE, v. t. To gamble away, is to squander by gam- 
ing. Ames. 

GAM'BLER, n. One who games or plays for money or other 
stake. 

GAM'BLING, ppr. Gaming for money. 

GAM-BoGE', 71. A concrete vegetable juice, or gum-resin, 
brought from Cambogia. 

GAMBOL, V. i. [Fr. gambiller.] 1. To dance and skip 
about in sport ; to frisk ; to leap ; to play in frolick. 2. 
To leap ; to start. 

GAM'BOL, 71. A skipping or leaping about in frolick ; a 
skip ; a hop ; a leap ; a sportive prank. 

GAM'BOL-ING, pjor. Leaping; frisking; playing pranks. 

GAM'BREL, n. [It. gamba.] The hind leg of a horse. 
Hence, in America, a crooked stick used by butchers. A 
hipped roof is called a gambrel-roof. 

GAM'BREL, v. t. To tie by the leg. Beaumont. 

GAME, 71. [Ice. gaman ; Sax. gameji.] 1. Sport of any kind 

2. Jest ; opposed to earnest ; [not used.] 3. An exercise 
or play for amusement or winning a stake. 4. A single 
match at play. 5. Advantage in play ; as, to play the 
game into another's hand. 6. Scheme pursued ; measures 
planned. 7. Field sports ; the chase, falconry, &c. 8. 
Animals pursued or taken in the chase, or in the sports of 
the field. — 9. In antiquity, games were public diversions 
or contests exhibited as spectacles. 10. Mockery ; sport ; 
derision. 

GAME, V. i. [Sax. gamian.] 1. To play at any sport or di- 
version. 2. To play for a stake or prize. 3. To practice 
gaming. 

GaME'COCK, n. A cock bred or used to fight ; a cock kept 
for barbarous sport. Locke. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tJ, Y, lone — FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete 



GAO 



369 



GAR 



GaME'-EGG, n. An egg from which a fighting cock is bred. 

Garth. 

GAME'KEEP-ER,7i. One who has the care of game. 

GaME'LEG, n. fa corruption of gam, or cam, crooked, and 
leg.] A lame leg. 

GaME'SoME, a. Gay ; sportive ; playful ; frolicksome. 

GaME'SOME-NESS, n. Sportiveness : merriment. 

GaME'SoME-LY, adv. Merrily ; playfully. 

GaME'STER, 71. 1. A person addicted to gaming ; a gam- 
bier. 2. One engaged at play. 3. A merry, frolicksome 
person ; [vot used.] 4. A prostitute ; [not in use.] 

GaM'ING, ppr. Playing ; sporting ; playing for money. 

GaM'ING, n. 1. The act or art of playing any game in a 
contest for a victory, or for a prize or stake. 2. The prac- 
tice of gamesters. 

GaM'ING-HOUSE, n. A house where gaming is practiced. 
Blackstone. 

GaM'ING-Ta-BLE, n. A table appropriated to gaming. 

GAM'MER, 71. [Sw. gammal.] The compellation of an old 
woman, answering to gaffe?; applied to an old man. 

GAM'MER-STANG, n. A great, foolish, wanton girl ; a hoi- 
den ; an awkward girl. Craven dialect. 

GAM'MON, n. [It, gamba.] 1. The buttock or thigh of a 
hog, p'ckled and smoked or dried ; a smoked ham. 2. A 
game, called, usually, back-gammon. 

GAM'MON, v.t. ] . To make bacon ; to pickle and dry in 
smoke. 2. To fasten a bowsprit to the stem of a ship by 
several turns of a rope. 

GAM'MON, V. t. In the game of back-gammon, the party 
that, by fortunate throws of the dice, or by superior skill 
in moving, withdraws all his men from the board before 
his antagonist has been able to get his men home and 
withdraw any of them from his table, gammons his an- 
tagonist. 

GAM'MUT, 7!. [Sp. gamma.] 1, A scale on which notes in 
music are written or printed. 2. The first or gravest note 
in Guido's scale of music, the modern scale. 

GAN. A contraction of &e4m?i. [^ax. gynnan.] 

GANCH, V. t. [It. gancio.] To drop from a high place on 
hooks, as the Turks do malefactors, 

GAN'DER, 71. [Sax, gandra.] The male of fowls of the 
goose kind. 

GANG, V. i. [Sax. gangan.] To go ; to walk. [Local, or 
used only in ludicrous language.] 

GANG, 71, [Sax,, D., Dan,, G, gang; Goth, gagg.] 1, A 
company, or a number of persons associated for a particu-. 
lar purpose. — 2. In seamen^s language, a select number of 
a ship's crew, appointed on a particular service, under a 
suitable officer. — 3. In mining, literally, a course or vein ; 
appropriately, an earthy, stony, saline, or combustible 
substance, which contains the ore of m.etals. [This is 
improperly written gangne.] 

GANG'BoARD, 71, Aboard or plank with cleats for steps, 
used for walking into or out of a boat, 

GANG'DAYS, 77, Days of perambulation, 

GANG'HON, n, A flower, Ainsworth. 

GANG'LI-ON, n. [Gr, yay-yXiov.] 1, In anatomy, a small 
circumscribed tumor, found in certain parts of the nervous 
system,— 2. In surgery, a movable tumor formed on the 
tendons, 

GAN'GRE-NATE, v. t. To produce a gangrene 

GAN'GRENE, n. [Fr, ; L, gangrana.] A mortification of 
living flesh, or of some part of a living animal body, 

GAN'GRENE, v. t. To mortif", or to becin mortification in, 

GAN'GRENE, v. i. To become mortified, 

GAN-GRE-NES'CENT, a. Tending to mortification ; begin- 
ning to corrupt or putrefy, as living flesh. 

GAN'GRE-NOUS, a. Mortified ; indicating mortification of 
living flesh, 

GANGUE^ An incorrect spelling. See Gang. 

GANG'VVaY, n. A passage, way or avenue into or out- of 
any inclosed place, especially a passage into or out of a 
ship, or from one part of a ship to another. 

GANG' WEEK, n. Rogation week, when processions are 
made to lustrate the bounds of parishes, 

GAN'IL, n. A kind of brittle limestone. Kirwan. 

GAN'NET, 77. [Sax. ganot.] The solan goose. 

GaNT'LET, )n. [Fr. gantclet.] A large iron glove with 

GAUNT'LET, \ fingers covered with small plates, former- 
ly worn by cavaliers, armed at all points,— T'o throw the 
gantlet, is to challenge, — To take up the gantlet, is to ac- 
cept the challenge, 

GANTLOPE, or GANT'LET, n. A military punishment 
inflicted on criminals for some heinous offense, A simi- 
lar punishment is used on board of ships. This word 
is chiefly used in the phrase, to run the gantlet or gant- 
lope. 

GAN'ZA, 71. [Sp. ganso.] A kind of wild goose. 

6a0L, (jale) n. [Fr. geble ; Arm, geol, or jol ; W. geol.] 
A prison ; a place for the confinement of debtors and 
criminals. 

6aOL, (jale) V. t. To imprison ; to confine in prison, 

GAOL-DE-LIV'ER-Y, (jale-de-liv'er-y)7i, A judicial pro- 



cess for clearing jails of criminals, by trial and condemna 
lion or acquittal 

GaOL'ER, ( ja'ler) n. The keeper of a gaol or prisoner ; a 
jailor. 

GAP, n. 1. An opening in any thing made by breaking or 
parting. 2. A breach. 3. Any avenue or passage ; way 
of entrance or departure. 4. A breach ; a defect ; a flaw ; 
as, a gap in honor or reputation. 5, An interstice ; a 
vacuity. 6. A hiatus; a chasm. — To stop a gap, to se- 
cure a weak point ; to repair a defect, — To stand in the 
gap, to expose one's self for the protection of something, 

GAPE, v. i. [Sax, geapan.] 1 To open the mouth wide, 
from sleepiness, drowsiness or dullness ; to yawn. 2. To 
open the mouth for food, as young birds. 3. To gape for 
or after, to desire earnestly ; to crave ; to look and long 
for. — To gape at, in a like sense, is hardly correct. 4. Tu 
open in fissures or crevices. 5. To have a hiatus. 6. To 
open the mouth in wonder or surprise. 7. To utter sound 
with open throat. 8. To open the mouth with hope or ex- 
pectation. 9. To open the mouth with a desire to injure 
or devour. 

GAPE, n. A gaping. 

GAP'ER, 71. 1. One who gapes; a yawner. 2. One who 
opens his mouth for wonder and stares foolishly. 3. One 
who longs or craves. 4. A fish with six or seven bands 
and tail undivided. 

GAP'ING, ppr. Opening the mouth wide from sleepiness, 
dullness, wonder or admiration; yawning; opening in 
fissures ; craving. 

GAP'TOOTHED, a. Having interstices between the teeth. 
Dryden. 

GAR, in Saxon, a dart, a weapon ; as in Edgar, or Eadgar. 
a happy weapon ; Ethelgar, noble weapon. 

GAR'A-GaY, n. A rapacious fowl of Mexico. 

GARB, n. [Fr, garbe.] 1, Dress ; clothes ; habit, 2, Fash- 
ion or mode of dress. 3. Exterior appearance ; looks, — 4. 
[Sp. garba.] In heraldry, a sheaf of corn. 

GAR'BAgE, n. The bowels of an animal ; refuse parts of 
flesh; offal. Dryden. 

GAR'BAGED, a. Stripped of the bowels. Sherwood. 

GAR'BEL, n. The plank next the keel of a ship. See Gar- 

BOARD-STREAK. 

GAR'BISH, V. t. To exenterate. Barret. 

GAR'BISH, 7!. Corrupted from garbage. Mortimer. 

GAR'BLE, V. t. [Sp. garhillar.] 1. To sift or bolt ; to sep- 
arate the fine or valuable parts of a substance from the 
useless parts. 2. To separate ; to pick ; to cull out. Dryd 

GAR'BLED, pp. Sifted ; bolted ; separated ; Culled out, 

GAR'BLER, n. 1. One who garbles, sifts or separates, 2 
One who picks out, culls or selects, 

GAR'BLES, 71, plu. The dust, soil or filth, severed from 
good spices, drugs, &c. Cyc. 

GAR'BLING, ppr. Sifting ; separating ; sorting ; culling, 

GAR'BoARD, n. The garboard plank, in a ship, is the first 
plank fastened on the keel on the owXsi^e.—Qarboard- 
strcak, in a ship, is the first range oi streak of planks laid 
on a ship's bottom, next the keel, 

fGAR'BOIL, n. [Old Fr. garbouil ; It. garbuglio.] Tumult 
uproar. 

GARD. See Guard and Ward. 

GAR'DEN, 71. [G. garten ; W. garth ; It. giardino ; Sp,, Fr 
jardin.] 1, A piece of ground appropriated to the cul 
tivation of herbs, or plants, fruits and flowers, 2. A rich, 
well-cultivated spot or tract of country ; a delightful spot . 
— Garden, in composition, is used adjectively ; as, garden ■ 
mold. 

GAR'DEN, V. i. To lay out and to cultivate a garden. 

GAR'DEN-ER, n. One whose occupation is to make, tend 
and dress a garden. 

GAR'DEN-ING, ppr. Cultivating or tilling a garden. 

GAR'DEN-ING, 7i, The act of laying out and cultivating 
gardens: horticulture, jE7(C7/c, 

GAR'DEN-MoLD, 71, Mold fit for a garden. Mortimer 

GAR'DEN-PLOT, n. The plot or plantation of a garden. 
Milton. 

GAR'DEN-STUFF, 71. Plants growing in a garden ; vege- 
tables for the table. 

GAR'DEN-TIL-LAGE, 71. Tillage used in cultivating gar- 
dens, 

t GAR'DEN- WARE, 77, The produce of gardens. 

GAR'DON, n. A fish of the roach kind. 

GARE, n. Coarse wool growang on the legs of sheep, 

GAR'GA-RISM, n. [L. gargarismus.] A gargle ; any liquid 
preparation used tO wash the mouth and throat. 

GAR'G A-RiZE, v. t. [Fr. gargariser.] To wash or rinse the 
mouth with any medicated liquor. 

GAR'GET, 71, A distemper in cattle, 

GAR'GIL, n. A distemper in geese. Encyc. 

GAR'GLE, V. t. \Yr. gargouiller.] 1. To wash the throat 
and mouth with a liquid preparation, which is kept from 
descending into the stomach by a gentle expiration of air. 
2. To warble ; to play in the throat, 

GAR'GLE, 77, Any liquid preparation for washmg the 
mouth and throat. Wiseman. 



See Synopsis 



MOVE BOOK, D6VE •,— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; 

24 



1 as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, j Obsolete . 



GAS 



370 



GAT 



GAR'GLI-ON, n. An exsudation of nervous juice from a 
bruise, which indurates into a tumor. 

GAR'GOL, n. A distemper in swine. Mortimer. 

GA'UISH. SeeGAiRisH. 

GAR'LAND, n. [Fr. gicirlands.] 1. A wreath or chaplet 
made of branches or flowers. 2. An ornament of flow- 
ers, fruits and leaves intermixed, anciently used at the 
gates of temples. 3. The top; the principal thing. 4. A 
collection of little printed pieces. — 5. In ships, a sort of 
net used by sailors instead of a locker or cupboard 

GAR'LAND, tj. t. To deck with a garland. B Jnnson. 

GAR'LI€, n. [Sax. garlec, or garleac] A plant of the genus 
allium, having a bulbous root and strong smell. 

GAR'LI€-eAT-ER, n. A low fellow. Shak. 

GAR'LI€-PEaR-TREE, n. A tree in Jamaica. 

GAR'MENT 71. [Norm, garnamcnt.'] Any article of cloth- 
ing, as a coat, a gown, &c. — Garments, in the plural, de- 
notes clothing in general ; dress. 

GAR'NER, n. [Fr. grenier.] A granary ; a building or place 
where grain is storerl for preservation. 

GAR'NER, V. t. To store in a granary. Shak. 

GAR'NET, 71. [It. granato ; Fr. grenat.] 1. A mineral 
usually occurring in crystals.— 2. In ships, a sort of tackle 
fixed to the main-stay. 

GAR'NISH, V. t. [Fr. garnir.] 1. To adorn ; to decorate 
with appendages ; to set off. 2. To fit with fetters ; a cant 
term. 3. To furnish ; to supply. — 4, In law, to warn ; to 
give notice. See Garnishee. 

GAR'NISH, 71. I, Ornament 5 something added for embel- 
lishment ; decoration. — 2. In jails, fetters ; a cant term.. 

3. Pensiuncula carceraria, a fee ; an acknowledgment in 
money when first a prisoner goes to jail. 

GAR'NISHED, pp. 1. Adorned ; decorated ; embellished. 
2. Furnished. 3. Warned ; notified. 

GAR-NISH-EE'j n. In law, one in whose hands the proper- 
ty of an absconding or absent debtor is attached. Stat, of 
Connecticut. 

GAR'NISH-ER, n. One who decorates. Sherwood. 

GAR'NISH-ING, ppr. Adorning ; decorating ; warning. 

GAR'NISH-MENT, n. 1. Ornament ; embellishment. 2. 
Warning ; legal notice to the agent or attorney of an ab- 
sconding debtor. 3. A fee. 

GAR'NI-TURE, n. Ornamental appendages ; embellish- 
ment ; furniture ; diess. .Addison. Beattie. 

Ga'ROTJS, a. [L. garum.] Resembling pickle made offish. 
Brown. 

GAR'RAN, or GAR'RON, n. [Ir. garran.] A small horse ; 
a highland horse ; a hack ; a jade ; a galloway. Temple. 

GAR'RET, 71. [Scot, garret.] 1. That part of a house 
which is on the upper floor, immediately under the roof. 
2. Rotten wood ; [ols.'] 

GAR'RET-ED, a. Protected by turrets. Carew. 

GAR-RET-EER', n. An inhabitant of a garret ; a poor au- 
thor. 

GAR'RI-SON, (gar'r-^-sn) n. [Fr. garnison.] 1. A body of 
troops stationed in a fort or fortified town. 2. A fort, 
castle or fortified town, furnished with troops to defend 
it. 3. The state of being placed in a fortification for its 

GAR'RI-SON, V. t. I. To place troops in a fortress for its 
defense ; to furnish with soldiers. 2. To secure or defend 
by fortresses manned with troops. 

GAR-RD'LI-TY, 71. [L. garrulitas.] Talkativeness ; loqua- 
city ; the practice or habit of talking much ; a babbling or 
tattling. 

GAR'RU-LOUS, a. Talkative ; prating. Thomson. 

GAR'TER, 71. [Fi: jarretiere.] 1. A string or band used to 
tie a stocking to the leg. 2. The badge of an order of 
knighthood in Great Britain, called the order of the garter, 
instituted by Edward III. 3. The principal king at arms. 

4. A term in heraldry, signifying the half of a bend. 
GAR'TER, v.t. 1. To bind with a garter. 2. To invest 

with the order of the garter. Warton. 

GAR'TER-FISH, n. A fish having a long body. 

GARTH, 71. [W. gart.'] I. A dam or wear for catching fish. 
2. A close : a little backside ; a yard : a croft ; a garden ; 
[oh,.] 

Ga'RUM, 77. [L ] A pickle in which fish has been pre- 
served. 

GAS, 71. [Sax. gast ; G. geist ; D. geest.] In chemistry, a 
permanently elastic aeriform fluid, or a substance reduced 
to the state of an aeriform fluid by its permanent combi- 
nation with caloric. 

GAS'GON, 71. A native of Gascony, in France. 

GAS'CON-aDE, n. [Fr., from Gascon, an inhabitant of 
Gascony, the people of which are noted for boasting.] A 
boast or boasting ; a vaunt ; a bravado ; a bragging Swift. 

GAS-€ON-aDE , v.i. To boast ; to brag ; to vaunt ; to 
bluster. 

GAS'E-OUS, a. In the form of gas or an aeriform fluid. 

GASH, n. A deep and long cut ; an incision of considerable 
length, particularly in flesh. Milton. 

GASH, V. i. To make a gash, or long, deep incision. 

GASHED, pp. Cut with a long, deep incision. 



GASH'FUL, a. Full of gashes 3 hideous. 

GASH'ING, jTpr. Cutting long, deep incisions. 

GAS-I FI-€a'TION, n. The act or process of converting 

into gas. 
GAS'I-FlED, pp. Converted into an aeriform fluid. 
GAS'I-FY, v. t. [ms, and h. facia.] To convert into gas 01 

an aeriform fluid by combination with caloric. 
GAS'I-F'5^-ING, ppr. Converting into gas. 
GAS'KET, n. [Sp. caxeta.] A plaited cord fastened to the 

sail-yard of a ship, and used to furl or tie the sail to the 

yard. 
GAS'KINS, 71. plu. Galligaskins ; wide, open hose. See 

Galligaskins. Shak. 
GAS'LiGHT, 71. Light produced by the combustion of car- 
bureted hydrogen gas. 
GA-SOM'E-TER, 71. [gas, and Gr. iiSTpov.] In chemistry, 

an instrument or apparatus, intended to measure, collect, 

preserve or mix different gases. 
GA-SOM'E-TRY, 71. The science, art or practice of mea- 
suring gases. Coxe. 
GASP, V. i. [Sw. gispa.] 1. To open the mouth wide in 

catching the breath or in laborious respiration, particularly 

in dying. 2. To long for ; [^obs.] 
GASP, V. t. To emit breath by opening wide the mouth. 
GASP, n. 1. The act of opening the mouth to catch the 

breath. 2. The short catcli of the breath in the agonies of 

death. 
GASP'ING, ppr. Opening the mouth to catch the breath. 

t GA^T'ER ( '"' *• '^^ make aghast ; to frighten. Shak. 

tGAST'NESS, n. Amazement; fright. Shak. 

GAS'TRIC, a. [Gr. yaaTrip.] Belonging to the belly, or 
rather to the stomach. 

GAS-TRIL'0-aUIST, n. [Gr. yaaTr,g, and L. loquor.] One 
who speaks from his belly or stomach ; hence, one who 
so modifies his voice that it seems to come from another 
person or place. 

GAS'TRO-CELE, n. [Gr. yaarvg and KriKri.] A rupture of 
the stomach. Qimicy. 

GAS'TRO-MAN-CY, 71. [Gr. yacT77p and ixavreia.] A kind 
of divination among the ancients by means of words 
seeming to be uttered from the belly. 

GAS-TROR'A-PHY, n. [Gr. yaarvp and pa(pr].] The oper- 
ation of sewing up w^ounds of the abdomen. 

GAS-TROT'O-MY, n. [Gr. yaarrjp and re/^vw.] The opera- 
tion of cutting into or opening the abdomen. 

GAT, pret. of get. 

GATE, 71. [Sax. gate, geat.] 1. A large door which gives 
entrance into a walled city, a castle, a temple, palace or 
other large edifice. 2. A frame of timber which opens or 
closes a passage into any inclosure ; also, the passage 
3. The frame which shuts or stops the passage of water 
through a dam into a flume. 4. An avenue ; an opening , 
a way. 

GaT'E'D, a. Having gates. Yotmg. 

GaTE'VEIN, 77. The vena porta, a large vein which con- 
veys the blood from the abdominal viscera into the liver. 
Bacon. 

GaTE'WaY, n. 1. A way through the gate of some inclo- 
sure. 2. A building to be passed at the entrance of the 
area before a mansion. 

GATH'ER, V. t. [Sax. gaderian, or gatherian.] 1. To bring 
together ; to collect. 2. To get in harvest ; to reap or cut 
and bring into barns or stores. 3. To pick up ; to glean ; 
to get in small parcels and bring together. 4. To pluck ; 
to collect by cropping, picking or plucking. 5. To as- 
semble ; to congi-egate ; to bring persons into one place 

6. To collect in abundance; to accumulate; to amass. 

7. To select and take ; to separate from others and bring 
together. 8. To sweep together. 9. To bring into one 
body or interest. 10. To draw together from a state of 
expansion or diffusion ; to contract. 11. To gain. 12. To 
pucker ; to plait. 13. To deduce by inference ; to collect 
or learn by reasoning. 14. To coil as a serpent.— To 
gather breath, to have respite ; [obs.] Spejiser. 

GATH'ER, V. i. 1. To collect ; to unite ; to increase; to be 
condensed. 2. To increase ; to grow larger by accretion 
of like matter. 3. To assemble. 4. To generate pus or 
matter. 

GATH'ER-A-BLE, a. That may be collected ; that may be 
deduced. [Unusual.] Godwin. 

GATH'ERED, pp. Collected ; assembled ; contracted ; plait- 
ed ; drawn by inference. 

GATH'ER ER, n. One who gathers or collects ; one who 
gets in a crop. 

GATH'ER-ING, ppr. Collecting ; assembling ; drawing to- 
gether ; plaiting ; wrinkling. 

GATH'ER-ING, n. 1. The act of collecting or assembling. 
2. Collection ; a crowd ; an assembly. 3. Charitable con- 
tribution. 4. A tumor suppurated or maturated ; a collec- 
tion of pus ; an abscess. 

GATH'ERS, n. Plaits ; folds ; puckers ; wrinkles in cloth. 
Iludibras. 



* See Synopsis. A, K, I, O, U, Y, Zon<r.-FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PR EY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;- ^Obsolete. 



GAZ 



371 



GEM 



GAT'TER-TREE, n. A species of cornus, or cornelian 

cherry. Fam. of Plants. 
t GAT'-TOOTHED, a. Goat-toothed ; having a lickerish 
tooth. Chaucer. 

f GAUD, V. i. [L. gaudeo.] To exult; to rejoice. 

f GAUD, n. [L. gaudium.] An ornament ; something worn 
for adorning the person ; a fine thing. 

t GAUD ED, a. Adorned with trinlcets ; colored. Shak. 

GAUD ER-Y, n. Finery ; fine things ; ornaments. 

GAUD I-LY, adv. Showily ; with ostentation of fine dress. 

GAUD I-NESS, n. Sho;yviness ; tinsel appearance ; ostenta- 
tious finery. Whitlock. 

GAUD'Y, a. 1. Showy; splendid; gay. 2. Ostentatiously 
fine ; gay beyond tlie simplicity of nature or good taste. 

GAUD'Y, n. A feast or festival; a word in the university. 
Cheyne. 

GaUGE, (gaje) v.t. [Fr.jauger.} 1. To measure or to as- 
certain the contents of a cask or vessel. 2. To measure 
in respect to proportion. 

GaUGE, ^.gaje) n. LA measure ; a standard of measure. 
2. Measure ; dimensions. 

Gauged, p;?. Measured. 

GaUG'ER, (gajer) n. One who gauges; an officer whose 
business is to ascertain tlie contents of casks. 

GaUG'ING, (ga'jing) ppr. Meiasuring a cask ; ascertaining 
dimensions or proportions of quantity. 

GaUG'ING, ?i. The art of measuring tlie contents or capaci- 
ties of vessels of any form. Ed. Encyc. 

GaUG'ING-ROD. n An instrument to be used in measur- 
ing the contents of casks or vessels. 

GAUL, 7?. FL. Oallia.] A name of ancient France ; also, 
an inhabitant of Gaul. 

GAUL ISH, a. Pertaining to ancient France or Gaul. 

GAUM, v.t. [lce\. gaum.'\ To understand. Morth of Eng- 
land. 

GAUM'LESS, a. Stupid ; awkward ; lubberly ; senseless. 
JSTorth of England. 

GAUNT, ; (gant) a. Vacant; hollow; empty, as an animal 

GANT, ) after long fasting; hence, lean; meager; thin; 
slender. 

GaUNT'LY, (gant ly) adv. Leanly ; meagerly. 

GaUNT'LET. See Gantlet. 

GaUVE, v. t. To stai-e. Craven dialect. 

t GaU'VI-SON, n. A weak, foolish fellow ; a silly, staring 
fellow. 

GAUZE, n. [Sp. gasa ; Fr. gaze.] A very thirf, slight, 
transparent stuff", of silk or linen. 

GAUZE'LOOM, n. A loom in which gauze is wove. 

GAUZ'Y, a. Like gauze ; thin as gauze. 

GAVE, pret. of give. 

GAVEL, n. In /aw, tribute ; toll; custom. See Gabel. 

GAVEL, n. [Fr. ja-yeiie.] 1. A small parcel of wheat, rye 
or other grain, laid together by reapers, consisting of two, 
three or more handfuls. JVew England. — 2. In England, 
a provincial word for ground. 

GAV'EL, tor gable or gable-end. See Gable. 

GAV'EL-ET, 71. 1. An ancient and special cessavit in Kent, 
in England, by which the tenant, if he withdraws his rent 
and services due to his lord, forfeits his lands and tene- 
ments. — 2. In London, a writ used in the hustings, given 
to lords of rents in the city. 

.'jAVEL-KiND, n. [W. gavael-cenedyl.] A tenure in £71 o-- 
land, by which land descended from the father to all his 
sons in equal portions. It still exists in Kent. Black- 
stone. Cyc. 

5AVEL-0€K, n. [Sax.] An iron crow. 

GAVI-LAN, n. A species of hawk. 

GAV'OT, n. [Fr. gavotte.] A kind of dance. 

t GAW'BY, n. A dunce. 

GAVVK, n. [Sax. gcec, geac] 1. A cuckoo. 2. A fool ; a 
simpleton. 

GAWKY, a. Foolish; awkward; clumsy; clownish. 

GAWK Y, 71. A stupid, ignorant, awkward fellow. 

G AWN, n [corrupted for gallon.] A small tub or lading 
vessel. 

GAWN'TREE, n. [Scot.] A wooden frame on which beer 
casks are set when tunned. 

GAY, a. [Fr. gai.] 1. Merry ; airy ; jovial ; sportive ; frol- 
icksome. 2. Fine ; showy. 3. Inflamed or merry with 
liquor ; intoxicated ; a vulgar use of the word in America. 

1 GAY, 7!. An ornament. L^ Estrange. 

GAY'E-TY, 71. [Yr.raiete.] 1. Merriment; mirth; airiness 
2. Act or juvenile pleasure. 3. Finery; show. 

GaY'LY, adv. 1. Merrily; with nurth and frolick. 2. 
Finely ; splendidly ; pompously. 

GaY'NESS, 71. Gayety ; finery. 

GaY'SoME, a. Full of gayety. [LittU used.] 

Gx\ZE, V. i. [qu. Gr. aya^onai.] To fix the eyes, and look 
steadily and earnestly ; to look with ' eagerness or curi- 
osity. 

GAZE, V. t. To view with fixed attention. Milton. 

GAZE, 71 1. A fixed look ; a look of eagerness, wonder or 
admiration ; a continued look of attention. 2. The object 
gazed on ; that which causes one to gaze. 



GaZE'FUL, u. Looking with a gaze ; looking intently. 

GaZE'HOUND, n. A hound that pursues by the sight 
rather than by the scent. Johnson. 

GA-ZEL', n. [Fr. gazelle.] An animal of Africa and In- 
dia, of the genus antilope. 

t GaZE'MENT, n. View. Spenser. 

GaZ'ER, n. One who gazes. Pope. 

GA-ZET', n. [It. gazetta.] A Venetian half-penny. Mas- 
singer. 

GA-ZETTE', (ga-zef) n. [It. gazzetta ; Fr. gazette. Ga- 
zetta is said to have been a Venetian coin, which was the 
price of the first newspaper, and hence the, name.] A 
newspaper. 

GA-ZETTE', (ga-zef) v. t. To insert in a gazette ; to an- 
nounce or publish in a gazette. 

GA-ZETT'ED, pp. Published in a gazette. 

GAZ-ET-TEER', n. 1. A writer of news, or an officer ap- 
pointed to publish news by authority. Pope. 2. The title 
of a newspaper. 3. A book containing a brief description 
of empires, kingdoms, cities, towns and rivers, in a coun- 
try or in the whole world, alphabetically arranged ; a 
book of topographical descriptions. 

GaZ'ING, ppr. Looking with fixed attention. 

GaZ'ING-STO€K, n. A person gazed at with scorn or ab- 
horrence ; an object of curiosity or contempt. 

GA-ZON', 71. [Fr.] In fortification, pieces of turf used to 
line parapets and the traverses of galleries. 

GE, [Sax.] A particle often prefixed to Saxon verbs, parti- 
ciples. &c. 

tGEAL, v.i. [Fr. geler ; 1,. gelo.] To congeal. 

Gear, n. [Sax. gearician, gyrian.] 1. Apparatus ; what- 
ever is prepared ; hence, habit , dress ; ornaments. — 2 
More generally, the harness or furniture of beasts ; tackle. 
— 3. In Scotland, warlike accoutrements ; also, goods, 
riches. 4. Business ; matters ; [obs.] 5. By seamen pro- 
nounced jears, which see. 

Gear, v. t. To dress ; to put on gear ; to harness 

Geared, pp. Dressed ; harnessed. 

GeAR'ING, ppr. Dressing; harnessing. 

t GE-A'SON, a. Rare ; uncommon ; wonderful. 

GeAT, 71. [D. gat.] The hole through which metal runs 
into a mold in castings. Moxon. 

tGECK, n. [G.gecki Sw. g&ck.] A dupe. Shak. 

t GE€K, V. t. To cheat, trick or gull. 

GEE, z). i. To fit ; to suit. Craven dialect. 

GEE. ) A word used by teamsters, directing their teams to 

JEE. \ pass further to the right, or from the driver, when 
on the near side ; opposed to hoi or haw. 

GEESE, 71. ; plu. of goose, 

GEEST, n. Alluvial matter on the surface of land, not of 
recent origin. Jameson. 

GE-HEN'NA, n. [Gr. yeevva.] This word has been used 
by the Jews as equivalent to hell. 

GEH'LEN-ITE, n. [from Gehlen.] A mineral. 

* GEL'A-BLE, a. [L. gelu.] That may or can be congealed 3 
capable of being converted into jelly. 

GEL'A-TIN, 71. [It., Sp. gelatina.] A concrete animal sub- 
stance, transparent, and soluble in water. 

GEL'A-TIN, or GE-LAT'I-NOUS, a. Of the nature and 
consistence of gelatin ; resembling jelly ; viscous; moder- 
ately stiff" and cohesive. 

6E-LAT'I-NATE, v. i. To be converted into gelatin, or 
into a substance like jelly. 

GE-LAT'I-NATE, v. t. To convert into gelatin, or into a 
substance resembling jelly. 

6E-LAT-I-Na'TION, n. The act or process of converting 
or being turned into gelatin. 

6EL'A-TI-NiZE, v. i. The same as gelatinate. 

GELD, 71. [Sax. gild ; Dan. gield.] Money ; tribute ; com- 
pensation. This word is obsolete in English, but it occurs 
in old laws and lawbooks in composition; as in Dane- 
geld, or Danegclt, a tax imposed by the Danes, 

GELD, V. t. i pret. gelded, or gelt ^ pp. gelded, or gelt. [G. 
geilen, gelten.] 1. To castrate; to ftmasculate. 2, To 
deprive of any essential part. 3. To deprive of any thing 
immodest or exceptionable. 

GELD'ED, or GELT, pp. Castrated ; emasculated 

GELD'ER, n. One who castrates. 

GELD'ER-ROSE, 7?. A plant. 

GELDING, ppr. Castrating. 

GELD'ING, n. A castrated animal, but chiefly ahorse. 

GEL'ID, a. [l^. gelidus.] Cold; very cold, 

6E-LID'I-TY, n. Extreme cold. 

GEL'ID-NESS, n. Coldness. 

GEL'LY, v. [Fr. ^eZee.] 1, The inspissated juice of fruk 
boiled with sugar, 2. A viscous or glutinous substance 
See Jellt. 

GELT, pp. of geld. 

t GELT, n. for gelding. 

t GELT, n. for gilt. Tinsel, or gilt surface. Spenser. 

GEM, n. [L, gemma ; It, id.] 1. A bud. In botany, the 
bud or compendium of a plant, covered with scales. 2 
A precious stone. 



See Srn-ipms MOVE, BQOK, D6VE BULL, UNITE,— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. ' Obsolete 



GEN 



372 



GEN 



OEM, V. t. 1. To adorn with gems. 2. To bespangle. 3. 
To embellish with detached beauties. 

OEM, V. i. To bud ; to germinate. Milton. 

GE-MAR'A, n. The second part of tlie Talmud. 

GE-MAR'I€, a. Pertaining to the Gemara. Encyc. 

GEM'EL, n. [L. gemellus.] A pair ; a term in heraldry. 

Ge'MEL-RIJSG, ?i. [now written gimmal and gimbal-ring.] 
Rings with two or more links. 

6EM-EL-LIP'A-ROUS, a. [L. gemellus and pario.] Pro- 
ducing twins. Diet. 

OEM'I-NATE, V. t. [L. gemino.'] To double. [Little used.] 

6EM-I-NA'TiON, n. A doubling 5 duplication; repetition. 
Boyle. 

6EM'I-Ni, n.^lu. [L.] Twins. In astronomy, a constel- 
lation or s*n of the zodiac, representing Castor and 
Pollux. jr 

6EM'I-N0US: a. [L. geminus.] Double ; in pairs. 

6EM'I-NY, Tti: Twms ; a pair ; a couple. Shak. 

6EM'MA-RY,.ffl. Pertaining to gems or jewels. 

fiEM-MA'TIOiN, n. [li. gemmatio.] In botany, hudding. 

6EM'ME-OUSi a. [L. gemmeus.] Pertaining to gems ; of 
the nature of gems ; resembling gems. 

GEM-MIP'A-ROUS, a. [L. gemma and pario.] Producing 
buds or gems. Martyn. 

t GEM-MOS'i-TY, n. The quality of being a jewel. Diet. 

GEM'MULE, 72. A little gem or bud. Eaton. 

GEM'MY, a. 1. Bright 3 glittering; full of gems. 2. Neat; 
spruce ; smart. 

t GE-MoTE', n. [S^x.] A meeting. See Meet. 

GEMS'BOK, n. The name given to a variety of the ante- 
lope. ,/. Barro^o.\\ 

GEN-DARM', 71. In France, gens d'armes is the denomina- 
tion given to a seW\^t body of troops, destined to watch 
over the interior pubjfc safety. 

GEN-DaR'MER-Y, 71. %!ebody ofgendarms. Hume. 

6EN'DER, n. [Fr. genres It. genere ; L. genus.] 1. Prop- 
erly, kind ; sort ; [obs.] ,\2. A sex, male or female. — 3. In 
grammar, a difference inywords to express distinction of 
sex ; usually a difference of termination in nouns, adjec- 
tives and participles, to eSpress the distinction of male 
and female. 

GEN'DER, V. t. To beget. Se&ENGENDER. 

GEN'DER, v. i. To copulate ; ta breed. Lev. xix. 

6EN-E-A-L0G'I-€AL, a. 1. Pertaining to the descent of 
pei-sons or families. 2. According^ to the descent of a per- 
son or family from an ancestor 

GEN-E-AL'0-6IST, n. He who traces descents of persons 
or families. 

6EN-E-AL'0-6iZE, v. i. To relate the history of descents. 
Trans, of Pausanias. 

GEN-E-AL'0-GY, n. [h. ffenealogia.] 1. An account or 
history of the descent of a person or family from an an- 
cestor. 2. Pedigree ; lineage ; regular descent of a person 
or family from a progenitor. 

GEIS ER-A-BLE, a. That may be engendered, begotten or 
produced. Bentley. 

GEN'ER-AL, a. {Yr.,!.. generalis.] 1. Relating to a whole 
class or order. 2. Comprehending many species or indi- 
viduals ; not special or particular. 3. Lax in significa- 
tion; not restrained or limited to a particular import ; not 
specific. 4. Public ; common ; relating to or compre- 
hending the whole community. 5. Common to many or 
the greatest number. 6. Not directed to a single object. 
7. Having a relation to all ; common to the whole. 8. 
Extensive, though not univei-sal ; cojnmon ; usual. 

GEN'ER-AL, 71. 1. The whole ; the total ; that which com- 
prehends all, or the chief part. — 2. In general, in the 
main ; for the mast part ; not always or universally. 3. 
The chief commander of an anny. 4. The commander 
of a division of an army or militia, usually called a major- 
general. 5. Tlie commander of a brigade, called a briga- 
dier-general. 6. A particular beat of drum or march, 
being that which, in the morning, gives notice for the in- 
fantry to be in readiness to march. 7. The chief of an 
order of monks, or of all the houses rr consregations 
established under the same rule. 8. The public -the inter- 
est of the whole ; the vulgar ; [not iu use] 

6EN-ER-AL-IS'SI-M0, 71. [It.] 1 The chief commander 
of an army or military force. 2. The supreme coniman- 
der ; sometimes a title of honor. 

GEN-ER-AL'I-TY, n. [Fr. generalite.] 1. The state of 
being general ; the quality of including species or par- 
ticulars. 2. The main "body ; the bulk ; the greatest 
part. 

GEN-ER-AE-I-Za'TION, n. The act of extending from 
particulars to generals ; the act of making general. 

GEN'EE-AL-iZE, v. t. 1. To extend from particulars or 
species to genera ; to make general, or common to a num- 
ber "2. To reduce to a genus. 

GEN'ER-AL-LY, adv. 1. In general; commonly; exten- 
sively, though not universally ; most frequently. 2. In 
the main ; v/ithout detail ; in the whole taken together. 

GEN'ER-AL-NESS, n. Wide extent, though short of uni- 
versality ; frequency ; commonness. Sidney. 



GEN'ER-AL-SHIP, 7z. The skill and conduct of a general 
officer ; military skill in a commander. 

GEN'ER-AL-TY, n. The whole ; the totality. ^Little used.] 
Hale. 

GEN'ER-ANT, n. [L. generans.] The power that gener- 
ates ; the power or principle that produces. 

GEN'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. genero.] 1. To beget ; to procre- 
ate ; to propagate ; to produce a being similar to the pa- 
rent. 2. To produce ; to cause to be ; to bring into life. 
3. To cause ; to produce ; to form. 

6EN'ER-A-TED, py. Begotten ; engendered ; procreated ; 
produced; formed. 

6EN'ER-A-TING, ppr. Begetting; procreating;. produc- 
ing; forming. 

GEN-ER-a'TION, n. 1. The act of begetting; procrea- 
tion, as of animals 2. Production ; formation. 3. A 
singl succession in natural descent, as the children of 
the same parents ; hence, an age. 4. The people of the 
same period, or living at the same time. 5. Genealogy; 
a series of children or descendants from the same stock. 
6. A family ; a race. 7. Progeny ; offspring. 

GEN'ER-A-TiVE, a. 1 . Having the power of generating or 
propagating ite own species. 2. Having the power of 
producing. 3. Prolific. 

GEN'ER-A-TOS, n. 1. He or that which begets, causes or 
produces. — 2. In music, the principal sound or sounds by 
which otliers are produced. 3. A vessel in which steam 
is generated. 

GS-NER'I€, \ a. [It. and Sp. generico ; Fr. generique.] 

6E-NER'I-€AL, \ Per/;aining to a genus or kind ; com- 
prehending the genus. 

GE-NER'I-€AL-LY, adv. With regard to genus. 

GEN-ER-OS'I-TY, n. [Fr. generosite.] 1. The quality of 
beiHg generous ; liberality in principle ; a disposition to 
give liberally or to bestow favors ; a quality of the heart 
or mind opposed to meanness or parsimony. 2. Liberali- 
ty in act ; bounty. 3. Nobleness of soul ; magnanimity. 

GEN'ER-OUS, a, [L. generosus.] 1. Primarily, being of 
honorable birth or origin ; hence, noble ; honorable ; mag- 
nanimous. Addison. 2. Liberal ; bountiful ; munificent ; 
free to give. 3. Strong ; full of spirit. 4. Full ; over- 
flowing ; abundant. 5. Sprightly ; courageous. 

6EN'ER-0US-LY, adv. 1. Honorably; not meanly. 2. 
Nobly ; magnanimously. 3. Liberally ; munificently. 

GEN'ER-OUS-NESS, 71. 1. The quality of being generous ; 
magnanimity ; nobleness of mind. 2. Liberality ; mu- 
nificence ; generosity. 

GEN'E-SIS, n. [Gr. yevtc:is.] 1. The first book of the Sa- 
cred Scriptures of the Old Testament.— 2. In geomet^-y, 
the formation of a line, plane or solid, by the motion or 
flux of a point, line or surface. 

GEN^ET, 71. [Fr.] 1. A small-sized, well-proportioned 
Spanish horse. 2. An animal of the weasel kind. 

6EN-ETH-Ll'A-€AL, or 6E-NETH'LI-A€, a. [Gr. yevsO- 
\1aK05.] Pertaining to nativities as calculated by astrolo- 
gers ; snowing the positions of the stars at the birth of any 
person. [Little itsed.] 

GE-NETH'LI-A€S, n. The science of calculating nativities, 
or predicting the future events of life, from the stars which 
preside at the birth of persons. [Little used.] 

GE-NETII-LI-AT'I€, n. He who calculates nativities. 
[Little zLscd.] Dmmmond. 

GE-Ne'VA, 71. [Fr. genevre, or genicvre.] A spirit dis- 
tilled from gi-ain or malt, with the addition of juniper ber- 
ries. The word is usually contracted and pronounced 
gin._ 

GE-Nk'VA Bi'BLE, n. The whole EngMsh Bible printed at 
Geneva, first in 1560. 

GE-Ne'VAN-ISM, 71. [Geneva.] Calvinism. 

GEN-E-VOIS', (jen-e-va') n. plu. People of Geneva. 

Ge'NI-AL, a. [L. genialis.] 1. Contributuig to propaga 
tion or production ; that causes to produce. 2. Gay; mer- 
ry. 3. Enlivening ; contributing to life and cheerful- 

_ ness ; supporting life. 4. Native ; natural ; [not usual.] 

GE'NI-AL-LY, adv. J . By genius or nature ; naturally ; 
llittle used.] 2. Gayly ; cheerfully. 

GE-NI€'U-LATE, v. t. [L. geniculo.] To joint or knot. 
Cocker am. 

6E-NI€'U-LA-TED, a. [L. geniculatus.] Kneed ; knee- 
jomted ; haying joints like the knee a httle bent. 

GE-NIC-U-La'TION, 71. Knottiness ; the state of having 
knots or joints like a knee. Johnson. 

fGE'NIE, 71. [Old Fr. genie.] Pysposition ; inclmation . 
turn of mind. 

Ge'NI-i, 71. [L. plu.] A sort of Imaginary intermediate 
beings between men and angels; some good and some 
bad. 

6e'NI-0, n. [It., L. genius.] A man of a particular turn 
of mind. Tattler. 

GEN'I-TAL, a. [L. genitalis.] Pertaining to generation 
or the act of begetting. 

GEN'I-TALS, 7). plu. The parts of an animal which are 
the immediate instruments of generation. 



See Synopsis. A, K, T, 0, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE^ BiRD;^ f Obsolete. 



GEN 



373 



GEO 



GENT-TING, n. [Fr. janeton.] A species of apple that 
ripens very early. 

6EN'I-TlVE, a. [L. genitivus.] In grammar, an epithet 
given to a case in the declension of nouns, expressing pri- 
marily the thing from vfhich something else proceeds. 

6EN'I-TOR, n. One who procreates ; a sire ; a father. 

OEX''I-TUE,E, 11. Generation 3 procreation; birth. 

6e'NI-US, n. [L.] 1. Among the ancients, a good or evil 
spirit or demon supposed to preside over a man's destiny 
in life. 2. The peculiar structure of mind vphich is 
given by nature to an individual, or that disposition or 
bent of muid which is peculiar to every man, and which 
qualifies him for a particular employment ; a particular 
natural talent or aptitude of mind for a particular study or 
course of life. 3. Strength of mind ; uncommon powers 
of intellect; parJicaZarZ?,/, the power of invention. 4. A 
man endowed with uncommon vigor of mind ; a man of 
superior intellectual faculties. 5. Mental powers or fac- 
ulties. _ 6. Nature ; disposition; peculiar character. 

CtEN-O-eSE', 71. ^Z. The people of Genoa in Italy. Addison. 

t GENT, a. Elegant ; pretty ; gentle. Spe/iser. 

GEN-TEEL', a. [Fr. gentil.] 1. Polite ; weU-bred ; easy 
and graceful in manners or behavior ; having the manners 
of well-bred people. 2. Polite ; easy and graceful ; be- 
coming well-bred persons. 3. Graceful in mien or form ; 
elegant. 4. Elegantly dressed. 5. Decorous ; refined ; 
free from anv thing low or vulgar. 

GEN-TEEL'LY, adv. Politely ; gracefully ; elegantly ; in 
the manner of well-bred people. 

GEN-TEEL'NESS, n. 1. Gracefulness of manners or per- 
son ; elegance ; politeness. 2. Qualities befitting a per- 
son of rank. 

GEN'TIAN, n. PL. gentiann.] A genus of plants. 

GEN-TIAN-EL'LA, 71. A kind of blue color. 

GEN'TIL, n. A species of falcon or hawk. 

GEN'TiLE, 7). [L. gentilis.] In the Scri^fwre^, a pagan ; 
a worshiper of false gods ; any person not a J ew or a 
Christian ; a heathen. 

GEN'TtLE, a. Pertaining to pagans or heathens. 

t GSN-TI-LESSE', n. Complaisance. Hudibras. 

GEN'TIL-ISH, a. Heathenish; pagan. Milton. 

GEN'TILr-ISM, 71, Heathenism ; paganism. 

GEN-TLL-I'TIOUS, a. [L. gentilitius.] 1. Peculiar to a 
people or nation ; national. 2. Hereditary ; entailed on a 
family. Arbzithnoi. 

GEN-TIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. gentilite.] 1. Politeness of man- 
ners ; easy, graceful behavior ; the manners of well-bred 
people ; genteelness. 2. Good extraction ; dignity of 
birth. 3. Gracefulness of mien. 4. Gentry ; [obs.] 5. 
Paganism ; heathenism ; [obs.] Hooker. 

GEN'TlL-iZE, V. i. To live like a heathen. Milton. 

GEN'TLE, a. 1. WeU-born ; of a good family or respecta- 
ble birth, though not noble ; \_obs.'] Milton. 2. Mild ; 
meek ; soft ; bland ; not rough, harsh or severe. 3. Tame ; 
peaceable ; not wild, turbulent or refractory. 4. Sooth- 
ing ; pacific. 5. ^Treating with mildness; not violent. 

GEN'TLE, n. 1. A gentleman ; [obs.] 2. A kind of 
wonn. 

t GEN'TLE, V. t. To make genteel ; to raise from the vul- 
gar. 

GEN'TLE-FoLK, n. Persons of good breeding and family. 
It is now used only in the plural, gentlefolks, and tliis use 
is vulgar. 

<jtEN'TLE-MAN, n. [gentle.] I. In its most extensive 
sense, m Great Britain, every man above the rank of 
yeoman, comprehending noblemen. In a more limited 
sense, a man, who, without a title, bears a coat of arms, 
or whose ancestors have been freemen. — 2. In the United 
States, where titles and distinctions of rank do not exist, 
the term is applied to men of education and of good breed- 
ing, of every occupation. Indeed this is also the popular 
practice in Great Britain. 3. A man of good breeding, 
politeness and civil manners, as distinguished from the 
vulgar and clownish. 4. A term of complaisance. — 5. In 
Great Britain, the seriiant of a man of rank, who attends 
his person. 

GEN'TLE-MAN-LiKE, or 6EN'TLE-MAN-LY, a. 1. Per- 
taining to or becoming a gentleman, or a man of good 
family and breeding ; polite ; complaisant. 3. Like a 
man of birth and goo'd breeding. 

6EN'TLE-Mx1N-LI-NESS, 71. Behavior of a weU-bred 
man. Shertcood. 

GEN'TLE-MAN-SHIP, n. Quality of a gentleman. Lord 
Halifax. 

GEN'TLE-NESS, 77. 1. Higaity of 'bvct'h; [little used.] 2. 
Genteel behavior ; [obs.] 3. Softness of manners ; mild- 
ness of temper ; sweetness of disposition ; meekness, 4. 
Kindness ; benevolence ; [06s.] 5. Tenderness ; mild 
treatment. 

t GEN'TLE-SHIP, n. The deportment of a gentleman. 

GEN'TLE-WOM-AN, n. 1. A woman of good family or of 
good breeding ; a woman above the vulgar. 2. A woman 
who waits about the person of one of high rank. 3. A 
term of civility to a female, sometimes ironical. 



t GEN'TLE-WOM-AN-LiKE, a. Becoming a gentlewom 
an. Shenoood. 

GEN'TLY, adv. 1. Softly ; meekly ; mildly ; with tender- 
ness. 2. "Without violence, roughness or asperity. 

GEN-TOO', n. A native of India or Hindostan ; one who 
follows the religion of the Bramins. 

GEN'TRY, n. 1. Birth; condition; rank by birth. 2. 
People of education and good breedhig. In Great Brit- 
ain, the classes of people betvveen the nobility and the 
vulgar. 3. A term of civility ; civility ; complaisance ; 
[obs.] 

6E-NU-FLE€'TION, n. [L. geruu and j!ec«io.] The act of 
bending the knee, particularly in worship. 

GEN'U-INE, a. [L. genuimis.] Native; belonging to the 
original stock; hence, real; natural; true; pure; not 
spurious, false or adulterated. 

GEN'U-lNE-LY, adv. "Without adulteration or foreign ad- 
mixture ; naturally. Boyle. 

GEN'U-lNE-NESS, n. The state of being native, or of the 
true original ; hence, freedom from adulteration or foreign 
admixture ; freedom from any thing false or counterfeit ; 
purity ; reality. 

Ge'NUS, 7?.,- ^Za. Genuses, or GsNERA. [1-t. genus.] Lin 
logic, that which has several species under it; a class of 
a greater extent than species. — 2. In natural history, an 
assemblage of species possessing certain characters in 
conmion.'by which they are distinguished from all others. 
— 3. In botany, a genus is a subdivision containing plants 
of the same class and order, which agree in their parts of 
fmctification. 

GE-O-CEN'TRIC, a. [Gr. 777 and Kevrpov.] Having the 
earth for its centre, or the same centre with the earth. 

Ge'ODE, n. [Gr. yaiuySvs-] Inmineralogy, around or round- 
ish lump of agate or other mineral. 

GE-OD'E-SY, 71. [Gr. yeoocaiata.] That part of geometry 
which respects the doctrine of measurmg surfaces, and 
finding the contents of all plain figures. 

6E-0-DET I€, ) a. Pertaining to the art of measuring 

GE-0-DET'I-€AL, \ surfaces. 

GE-0-DIF'EE.-OUS, a. Producing geodes. 

GE'OG-NOST, 71. One versed in geognosy ; a geologist. 

GE-OG-NOS'TI€, a. Pertainmg to a knowledge of the 
structure of the earth; geological. 

GE-OG'NO-SY, n. [Gr. 7?;, the earth, and yvmaig, knowl- 
edge.] That part of natural history which treats of the 
structure of the earth. [This word is nearly synonymous 
with geology. But some writers consider geognosy as 
only a branch of geology ; includmg in the latter, hydrog- 
raphv, geogony, meteorology, and even geography.] 

GE-O-GON'ie, a. Pertaining to geogony. 

GE-OG'0-NT, 77. [Gr. yrj and yov)].] The doctrine of the 
formation of the earth. 

GE-OG'EA-PHEB, 7?. One who describes that part of this 
globe or earth, which is exhibited upon the surface. One 
who is versed in geography, or one who compiles a trea- 
tise on the subject. 

GE-O-GRAPH l€, / a. Relating to or containing a de- 

GE-0-GRAPHT-€AL, ^ scription of the terraqueous globe ; 
pertaining to geographv. 

6E-0-GRAPH'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a geograpliical manner. 

GE-OG'RA-PHY^, n. [Gr. 7-7 and ypacpijj.] 1. A descrip- 
tion of the earth or terrestrial globe, particularly of the 
divisions of its surface, natural and artificial, and of the 
position of the several countries, kingdoms, states, cities, 
&c. 2. A book containing a description of the earth. 

GE-0-LOGT-CAL, a. Pertainiag to geology; relating to 
the science of the earth or terraqueous globe. 

GE-OL'0-GIST, 71. One versed in the science of geology. 

GE-OL'O-GY,?;. [Gr. 7?' and Ao/os.] The doctrine or sci- 
ence of the structure of the earth or terraqueous globe, and 
of the substances which compose it. See Geognosy. 

GE'0-I\rAN-CER, n. One who foretells or divines, by 
means of lines, figures or points on the ground or on pa- 
per. 

Ge'0-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. yrj and jiavreia.] A kind of divi- 
nation by means of figures or lines. 

GE-0-MAN'TI€, a. Pertaining to geomancy. 

GE-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. ycwuErpris.] One skilled in geom- 
etrv. See Geometrician. 

GE-d3I'E-TRAL, a. Pertaining to geometry. 

GE-0-MET'RI€, } a. [Gr. y£(»iiETpLKos.] 1. Pertaining 

GE-0-MET'RI-€AL, \ to geometry. 2. According to 
the rules or principles of geometry ; done by geometry 
3. Disposed according to geometry. 

6E-0-MET'RI-€AL-LY, adv. According to the rules or 
laws of ceometry. 

GE-0M-E-TRI"CIAN, n. One skilled in geometry ; a ge- 
ometer. Watts. 

6E-OM'E-TRlZE, v. t. To act according to the laws of ge- 
ometry ; to perform geometrically. 

GE-OM'E-TRY, 71. [Gr. ymiJETpia.] Thescienceof magni- 
tude in general, comprehending the doctrine and relations 



See Synovsi? M5VE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



GET 



374 



GIA 



of whatever is susceptible of augmentation and dimi- 
nution ; as the mensuration of lines, surfaces, solids, ve- 
locity, weight, &c., with their various relations. 

tfE-O-PON'ie, a. [Gr. yrj and ttovoj.J Pertaining to tillage 
of the earth, or agriculture. 

VjE-O-PON'ICS, 71. The art of cultivating the earth. 

6e'0-RA-MA, 91. [Gr. yv and opaixa.] An instrument which 
exhibits a very complete view of the earth. 

6E0RGE, n. 1. A figure of St. George on horseback ; worn 
by knights of the garter. 2. A brown loaf 

6EORGE'-No-BLE, 71. A gold coin in the time of Henry 
VIII., of the value of 6s. 8d. sterling. 

i!E0R'6l€, 11. [Gr. yewpyt/coj.] A rural poem ; a poetical 
composition on the subject of husbandry, containing rules 
for cultivating lands, in a poetical dress. 

OEOR'Gie, a. Relating to the doctrine of agriculture and 
rural affairs. 

6E0R'GI-€AL, a. Relating to the doctrine of agriculture. 
Oay. 

6E0R'6I-UM Si'DUS. See Herschel. 

6E-0S'€0-PY, n. [Gr. yr] and (xkottcw.] Knowledge of the 
earth, obtained by inspection. 

6E-OT'ie, a. [from Gr. yrj.] Belonging to the earth ; ter- 
restrial. 

6E-Ra'NI-UM, n. [L.] Crane's-bill, a genus of plants, of 
numerous species. 

6e'RENT, a. [L. gerens.] Bearing ; used in vicegerent. 

6ER'FAL-€0N. See Gyrfalcon. 

6ERM, 71. [L. germeyi.] 1. In botany, the ovary, or seed- 
bud of a plant. 2. Origin ; first principle ; that from 
which any thing springs. 

6ER'MAN, a. [L. germanus.] 1. Cousins german are the 
sons or daughters of brothers or sisters ; first cousins. 2. 
Related; [0&5.] 

GER'MAN, a. Belonging to Germany. ^ 

GER'MAN, 71. A native of Germany 3 and, by ellipsis, the 
German language. 

^ER-MAN'DER, n. A plant. 

6ER-MAN'I€, a. Pertaining to Germany. 

6ER'MAN-ISM, n. An idiom of the German language. 

t GER-M.AN'I-TY, n. Brotherhood. Cockeram. 

GERM'EN, 71. ,• pill. Germens. Now contracted to germ. 

GERM'I-NAL, a. Pertaining to a germ or seed-bud. 

GERM'I-NANT, a. Sprouting. 

GERM'-I-NATE, V. i. [l^. germino.] To sprout 3 to bud 3 
to shoot 3 to begin to vegetate. 

GERM'I-NATE, v. t. To cause to sprout. {Unusual.} 

GERM-I-Na'TION, 71. 1. The act of sprouting 3 the first 
beginning of vegetation in a seed or plant. 2. The time 
in which seeds vegetate. 

6E-R0-€0M'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to gerocomy. 

OE-ROe'0-MY, 71. [Gr. yepwv and /co/^ew.] That part of 
medicine which treats of the proper regimen for old peo- 
ple. 

GERSE, 71. [Teut. gers, gars, gras."] Grass. Craven dia- 
lect. 

6ER'UND, n. [L. gemndium.] In the Latin grammar, a 
kind of verbal noun, partaking of the nature of a partici- 
ple. 

t GES'LING, for gosling. 

6EST, 71. [L. ffestum.] 1. A deed 5 action or achievement 3 
[obs.] 2. Show 3 representation ; [obs.] 3. [Fr. gite.] 
A stage in traveling 3 so much of a journey as is made 
without resting ; or, properly, a rest 3 a stop 3 [obs.] 4. A 
roll or journal of the several days and stages prefixed, in 
the journeys of the English kings. 

6ES-Ta'TI0N, 71. [L. gestcuio.] 1. The act of carrying 
young in the womb from conception to delivery ; preg- 
nancy. 2. The act of wearing, as clothes or ornaments. 
3. The act of carrying sick persons in carriages, as a salu- 
tary exercise, by wliich fevers have often been cured. 

GES'TA-TO-RY, a. That may be carried or worn. 

GEST'ie, a. Pertaining to deeds ; legendary, 

GES-TIC'U-LATE, t;. i. [lu. gesticulor.] To make gestures 
or motions, as in speaking ; to use postures. 

GES-T1€'U-LATE, v. t. To imitate 3 to act. B. Jonson. 

GES-TIC-U-La'TION, 71. [L. gesticulatio.] 1. The act of 
making gestures to express passion, or enforce sentiments. 

2. Gesture ; a motion of the body or limbs in speaking. 

3. Antic tricks or motions. 
6ES-TI€'U-LA-T0R, n. One that shows postures or makes 

gf^tures. 

6ES-T]e'U-LA-T0-RY, a. Representing in gestures. 

t GES'TOR, n A narrator. Chaucer. 

OEST'URE, n [L. gestus.] 1. A motion of the body or 
limbs, expressive of sentiment or passion ; any action or 
posture intended to express an idea or a passion, or to en- 
force an argument or opinioii. 2. Movement of the body 
or limbs. 

6EST'URE, V. t. To accompany with gesture or action. 

GET, V. t. ; pret. got, [gat, obs.] pp. got, gotten. [Sax. 
getan, gytan, or geatan.} 1. To procure 3 to obtain 3 to 
gain possession of. Get differs from acquire, as it does 



not always express permanence of possession^ which is 
the appropriate sense of acquire. 2. To have 3 as, " ihou 
hast o-ot the face of a man." Herbert. [This is a common, 
but gross abuse of this word ] 3. To beget 3 to procreate ; 
to generate. 4. To learn. 5. To prevail on 3 to induce 3 
to persuade. 6. To procure to be ; as, we could not get the 
work done. 

To get off. 1. To put off 3 to take or pull off 3 also, to re- 
move. 2. To sell 3 to dispose of. — To get on, to put on ; 
to draw or pull on.— T'o get in, to collect and shelter 3 to 
bring under cover.— To get out. 1. To draw forth. 2. 
To draw out 3 to disengage. — To get the day, to win 3 to 
conquer 3 to gain the victory.— To get together, to collect 3 
to amass. — To get over, to surmount 3 to conquer 3 to pass 
without being obstructed. — To get above, to surmount 3 to 
surpass. — To get up, io prepare and introduce upon the 
stage 3 to bring forward. With a pronoun following, it 
signifies to betake 3 to remove ; to go. 

GET, v.i. To arrive at any place or state 3 followed by 
some modifying word. 

To get aioay or away from, to depart 3 to quit ; to leave 5 or to 
disengage one's self from.— T'o get among, to arrive in the 
midst of 3 to become one of a number. — To get before, Xo 
arrive in front, or more forward.^T'o get behind, to fall in 
the rear 3 to lag. — To get back, to arrive at the place from 
which one departed 3 to return. — To get clear, to disen- 
gage one's self 3 to be released, as from confinement, ob- 
ligation or burden ; also, to be freed from danger or em- 
barrassment. — To get down, to descend 3 to come from an 
elevation. — To get home, to arrive at one's dwelling. — To 
get in or into, to arrive within an inclosure, or a mixed 
body 3 to pass in 3 to insinuate one's self. — To get loose or 
free, to disengage one's self 3 to be released from confine- 
ment.— T'o get off, to escape 3 to depart 3 to get clear 5 al- 
so, to alight 3 to descend from. — To get out, to depart from 
an inclosed place or from confinement 3 to escape 5 to 
free one's self from embarrassment. — To get along, to 
proceed 3 to advance. — To get rid of, to disengage one's 
self from 3 also, to shift off 3 to remove. — To get together, 
to meet 3 to assemble 3 to convene. — To get up, to arise 3 
to rise from a bed or a seat 3 also, to ascend 3 to climb. — 
To get through, to pass through and reach a point beyond 
any thing 3 also, to finish 3 to accomplish. — To get quit of, 
to get rid of 3 to shift off, or to disengage one's self from. 
— To get forward, to proceed 3 to advance 3 also, to pros- 
per 3 to advance in wealth.— To get near, to approach 
within a small distance. — To get ahead, to advance 3 to 
prosper. — To get on, to proceed ; to advance. — To get a 
mile, or other distance, to pass over it in traveling. — To 
get at, to reach 3 to make way to. — To get asleep, to fall 
asleep. — To get drunk, to become intoxicated. — To get 
between, to arrive between. — To get to, to reach 3 to ar- 
rive. 

GET'TER, 71, 1. One who gets, gains, obtains or acquii-es. 
2. One who begets or procreates. 

GBTiTlNG,ppr. Obtaining 3 procuring 3 gaining, winning 3 
begetting. 

GET'TING, n. 1. The act of obtaining, gaining or acquir- 
ing ; acquisition. 2. Gain 5 profit. Swift. 

GEWGAW, n. [qu. Sax. ge-gaf.] A showy trifle 3 a pret- 
ty thing of little worth 3 a toy 3 a bauble 3 a splendid play- 
thing. 

GEWGAW, a. Showy without value. Law. 

fGHAST'EUL, a. [S«e Ghastly.] Dreary 3 dismal 3 fit for 
walking ghosts. Spenser. 

GHAST'FUL-LY, adv. Frightfully. Pope. 

GHAST'LI-NESS, n. HoiTor of countenance 3 a deathlike 
look 3 resemblance of a ghost 3 paleness. 

GHAST'LY, a. [Sax. gastlic] 1. hike a ghost in appear- 
ance 5 deathlike 3 pale ; dismal. 2. Horrible 3 shockmg j 
dreadful. 

jGHAST'NESS, n. Ghastliness. Shak. 

GHERKIN, 71. [G. gurke.] A small pickled cucumber. 
Skinner. 

t GHESS, for guess 

GHoST, 7i. [Sax. ^ast; G. geist.] I. Spmt 3 the soul of 
man. Shak. 2. The soul of a deceased person 3 the soul 
or spirit separate from the body 3 an apparition.— T'o give 
tip the ghost, is to die ; to yield up the breath or spirit 3 to 
expire. Scripture. — The Holy Ohost is the third person in 
thejadorable Truiity. Scripture. 

t GHoST, v. i. To die 3 to expire. Sidney. 

JGHoST, V. t. To haunt with an apparition. Shak. 

fGHoST'LESS, a. Without spirit ; without life. R. Clarke. 

GHCST'LiKE, a. Wiihered 3 having sunken eyes 3 ghast- 
ly. Sherwood. 

GHoST'LI-NESS, 71 Spiritual tendency . [Little used.] 

GHoST'LY, a. 1. Spiritual 3 relating to the soul 3 not car- 
nal or secular. 2. Spiritual 3 having a character from re- 
ligion. 3. Pertaining to apparitions. 

GI-AL-LO-Ll'NO, n. [It. giallo.] A fine yellow pigment, 
much used under the name of Maples yellow. ■ 

t GIAM'BEAUX, (jam'boze) n. [Fr. jambe.] Greaves ; ar- 
mor for the legs. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tJ, ■?, long.—F^^, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;- PIN, MARINE BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



GIE 



375 



GIL 



: of a giant. 



CI'ANT, rt [Fr. geant ; L. gigas.] 1. A man of extraordi- 
nary bullf and stature. 2. A person of extraordinary 
strength or powers, bodily or intellectual — Giant' s-causey, 
a vast collection of basaltic pillars in the county of Antrim, 
m Ireland. 

6l'ANT, a. Like a giant ; extraordinary in size. 

6l' ANT-ESS, 71. A female giant ; a female of extraordina- 
ry size and stature. Shak. 

6l'ANT-lZE, V. i. To play the giant. Shenoood. 

Ol'ANT-KILL-ING, a. Killing or destroying giants. 

Gl'ANT-LiKE, ) a. Of unusual size 3 resembliilg a giant in 

Gl'ANT-LY, \ bulk or stature ; gigantic ; huge. [ Qi- 
antly is not much used.] 

Gl'ANT-RY, n. The race of giants. [Little used.] 

6F ANT-SHIP, n. The state, quality or character 

fGIB, 71. A cat. Skelton. 

JGIB, V. i. To act like a cat. Beaumont. 

tGIBBE, 71. An old, worn-out animal. Shak, 

■j-GIBBED, ffi. Having been caterwauling. Bulioer 

fGIB'BER, v.i. [See Gabble.] To speak rapidly and in- 
articulately. Shak. 

GIB'BER-ISH, 71. Rapid and inarticulate talk ; unintelligi- 
ble language ; unmeaning words. 

GIB'BER-ISH, a. Unmeaning, as words. Swift. 

tGIB'BER-ISH, V. i. lo prate idly or unintelligibly. Moun- 
tagu. 

GIB'BET, 71. [Fr. gibet.] 1. A gallows j a post or machine 
in form of a gallows, on which notorious malefactors are 
hanged in chains, and on which their bodies are suffered 
to remain. 2. Any traverse beam. 

GIB'BET, V. t. 1. To hang and expose on a gibbet. 2. To 
hang or expose on any thing going traverse. 

6IB'BET-ED, -pp. Hanged and exposed on a gibbet. 

GIB'BET-ING, ppr. Hanging and exposing on a gibbet. 

t GIB'BIeR, 71. [Fr.] Wild fowl ; game. Jiddison. 

GIB'BLE-GAB'BLE, n. Any rude or noisy conversation ; 
fustian language ; barbarous speech. Bidlokar. 

GIB-BOS'I-TY, n. [Fr. gibbusitd.] Protuberance ; a round 
or swelling prominence ; convexity. 

GIB'BOUS, a. [L. gibbus.] 1. Swelling j protuberant; 
convex-. 2. Hunched ; hump-backed ; crook-backed. 

GIB'BOTJS-LY, adv. In a gibbous or protuberant form. 

GIB'BOUS-NESS, n. Protuberance; a round prominence; 
convexity. 

GIBBS'iTE, 71. A mineral found at Richmond, in Massa- 
chusetts. 

GIB'€AT, n. A he-cat, or an old, worn-out cat. 

Gibe, v. i. [Sax. gabban.] To cast reproaches and sneering 
expressions ; to rail at ; to utter taunting, sarcastic words ; 
to flout ; to fleer ; to scoflT. 

Gibe, v. t. To reproach with contemptuous words ; to de- 
ride ; to scoff at ; to treat with sarcastic reflections ; to 
taunt. 

Gibe, n. An expression of censure mingled with contempt ; 
a scoff; a railing ; sarcastic scorn. 

GIB'E-LINE, n. The Oibelines were a faction in Italy, that 
opposed another faction called Quelfs, in the 13th centu- 
ry. J. Adams. 

GiB'ER, n. One who utters reproachful, censorious and 
contemptuous expressions, or who casts cutting, sarcastic 
reflections ; one who derides ; a scoffer. 

GiB'ING, ppr. Uttering reproachful, contemptuous and cen- 
sorious words ; scoffing. 

GiB'ING-LY, adv. With censorious, sarcastic and oon- 
temptuous expressions ; scornfully. Shak. 

GIB'LETS, 71. [qu. Fr. gibier ^ Goth, gibla.] The entrails 
of a goose or other fowl. 

GIB'STAFF, n. A staff to gauge water or to push a boat; 
formerly, a Staff used in fighting beasts on the stage. 

GID'DI-LY, adv. 1. With the head seeming to turn or reel. 
2. Inconstantly ; unsteadily ; with various turnings. 3. 
Carelessly; heedlesslv ; negligently. 

GID'DI-NESS, n. 1. the state of being giddy or vertigi- 
nous ; vertigo ; a sensation of reeling or whirling ; a 
swimming of the head. 2. Inconstancy; unsteadiness; 
mutability. 3. Frolick ; wantonness ; levity. 

GID'DY, a. [Sax. gidlg.] 1. Vertiginous ; reeling ; whirl- 
ing ; having in the head a sensation of a circular motion 
or swimming. 2. That renders giddy ; that induces gid- 
diness. 3. Rotary ; whirling ; running round with ce- 
lerity. 4. Inconstant ; unstable ; changeable. 5. Heed- 
less ; thoughtless ; wild ; roving. 6. Tottering ; unfixed. 
7. Intoxicated ; elated to thoughtlessness ; rendered wild 
by excitement or joy. 

GID'DY, TJ.i. To turn quick. Chapman. 

GID'DY, V. t. To make reeling or unsteady. Farindon. 

GID'DY-BRaINED, a. Careless ; thoughtless. 

GIDfDY-HEAD, n. A person without thought or judg- 
ment. 

GID'DY-HEAD-ED, a. Heedless ; unsteady ; volatile ; in- 
cautious. Donne. 

GID'DY-PaCED, a. Moving irregularly. Shak. 

IGIE. a jiontraction of o-ra'de. Chaucer. 

*GIeR'-eA-GLE, n. A fowl of the eagle kind. 



GlE'SECK n'E, 71. A mineral of a rhomboidal form. 

GIF, V. t. I Sax. gifan.] The old but true spelling of if. 

GIFT, n. 1. A present; any thing given or bestowed. 2 
The act of giving or conferring. 3. The right or power 
of giving or bestowing. 4. An offering or oblation. 5. A 
reward. 6. A bribe ; any thing given to corrupt the judg- 
ment. 7. Power ; faculty ; some quality or endowment 
conferred by the Author of our nature. 

GIFT, V. t. To endow with any power or faculty. 

GIFT'ED, pp. or a. Endowed by nature with any powe' 
or faculty ; furnished with any particular talent 

GIFT'ED-NESS, 71. The state of being gifted. 

GIFTING, ppr. Endowing with any power or faculty 

■\GlG,v.t.[l4.gigno.] 1. To engender. Dryden. 2 To 
fish with a gig or fishgig. 

GIG, n. [It. giga ; Fr. gigue ] 1. Any little thing that is 
whirled round in play. 2. A light carriage with one pjiir 
of wheels, drawn by one horse ; a chair or chaise. 3 A 
fiddle. 4 A dart or harpoon. [See Fishgig.] 5 A 
ship's boat. 6. A wanton girl. 

Gi-GAN-Te'AN, a. [L. gigariteus.] Like a giant ; mighty 
More. 

GI-GAN'TI€, a. [L. giganticus.] 1. Of extraordinary size ; 
very large ; huge ;' like a giant. 2. Enormous ; very groat 
or miglity. — Oigantical and gigantine, for gigantic, are 
rarely or never used. 

6l-GAN-T0L'0-GY, n. [Gr. yiyas and Xoyos.] An account 
or description of giants. 

GIG'GLE, 71. [Sax. geagl.] A kind of laugh, with short 
catches of the voice or breath. 

GIG'GLE, V. i. [D. gichgelen ; Sax. geagl.] To laugh with 
short catches of the breath or voice ; to laugh in a silly, 
puerile manner ; to titter. 

GIG'GLER, 71. One that giggles or titters. 

GIG'LET, in. [Bax. geagl.] A wanton; a lascivious girl. 

GIG'LOT, I Shak. 

GIG'LOT, a. Giddy; light; inconstant; wanton. 

GIG'OT, 71. [Fr.] The hip-joint; also, a slice. [JVot Eng- 
lish.] 

GIL'BER-TINE, 71. One of a religious order so named from 
Gilbert, lord of Sempi^ngham. 

GIL'BER-TINE, a. Belonging to the monastic order men- 
tioned above. Weever. 

GILD, V. t. ; pret. and pp. gilded, or gilt. [Sax. gildan, gyl- 
dan, geldan.] 1. To overlay with gold, either in leaf or 
powder, or in amalgam with quicksilver ; to overspread 
with a thin covering of gold. 2. To cover with any yel- 
low matter. 3. To adorn with lustre ; to render bright. 
4. To illuminate ; to brighten. 5. To give a fair and 
agreeable external appearance. 

GILD'ED, pp. Overlaid with gold leaf or liquid ; illumina- 
ted. 

GILD'ER, 71. 1. One who gilds ; one whose occupation is 
to overlay things with gold. 2. A Dutch coin of the value 
of 20 stivers, about 38 cents; usually written guilder. 

GILD'ING, ppr. Overlaying with gold ; giving a fair exter- 
nal appearance. 

GILD'ING, n. 1. The art or practice of overlaying things 
with gold leaf or liquid. 2. That which is laid on in 
overlaying with gold. 

GILL, 7*. [Sw. gel.] 1. The organ of respiration in fishes, 
consisting of a cartilaginous or bony arch, attached to the 
bones of "the head, and furnished on the exterior convex 
side with a multitude of fleshy leaves, or fringed vascular 
fibrils, resembling plumes, and of a red color. 2. The 
flap that hangs below the beak of a fowl. 3. The flesh 
under the chin. — 4. In England, a pair of wheels and a 
frame on which timber is conveyed ; [local.] 

GILL'-FLAP, n. A membrane attached to the posterior 
edge of the gill-lid, immediately closing the gill-opening. 

GILL'-LID, 71. The covering of the gUls. 

GILL'-O-PEN-ING, n. The aperture of a fish or other ani- 
mal, by which water is admitted to the gills. 

GILL, 7«. ['Low h. gilla.] 1. A measure of capacity, con- 
taining the fourth part of a pint. 2. A measure among 
miners, equal to a pint. 

GILL, n. I. A plant, ground-ivy, of the genus glechoma . 
2. Malt liquor medicated with ground-ivy. 

GILL, 71. [In Sw. gilja.] 1. In ludicrous language, ? fe- 
male ; a wanton giil. 2. A fissure in a hill ; also, a place 
between steep banks and a rivulet flowing through it ; a 
brook. Orose. 

GILL'HOUSE, n. A place where gill is sold. Pope. 

tGlL'LI-AN, n. A wanton girl. Beaumont. 

GIL'LY-FLOW-ER, n. [supposed to be a corruption of Ju- 
ly-flower.] The name of certain plants. 

GILSE, 71. A young salmon. 

GILT, pp. of gild. Overlaid with gold leaf, or washed with 
gold ; illuminated ; adorned. 

GILT, 71. 1. Gold laid on the surface of a thing ; gilding. 
Shak.— '2. In England, a young female pig. Cyc. 

GILT'HEAD, n. [gilt and head.] 1. In ichthyology, a fish 
or a genus of fishes, the Sj?a7-7i5. 2. A bird. 

GILT'TaIL, 71. A worm so called from its yellow tail. 



See Synopsis. M5VE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; Cf as J ; ffi as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Ohsoleie 



GIR 



376 



GIZ 



6IM, a. [contracted from germmj.] Neat ; spruce ; well- 
dressed. 

GIM'BAL, n. A brass ring by which a sea compass is sus- 
pended in its box. Ma?-. Diet. 

GIMB'LET, or GIM'LET, n. [Fr. gibelet.] An instrument 
with a pointed screw at the end, for boring holes in wood. 

GIMB'LET, V. t. In seamcn.''s language, to turn round an 
anchor by the stock. Mar. Diet. 

GIM'€RA€K, n. A trivial mechanism ; a device ; a toy : a 
pretty thing. Arhuthnot. 

GIM'MAL, 71. Some device or machinery. Shal;. 

GIM'MAL, a. Consisting of links. Skak. 

fGIM'MER, ?!. Movement or machinery. More. 

GIMP, 71. [Fr. guiper.'l.A kind of silk twist or edging. 

fGIMP, a. \yv. gwymp.'] Smart 3 spruce; trim; nice. 

GIN, n, A contraction of Geneva, a distilled spirit. 

GIN, 71. [a contraction of e«o-me.] 1. A machine or instru- 
ment by which the mechanical powers are employed in 
aid of human strength. 2. A trap ; a snare- 

GIN, V. t. 1. To clear cotton of its seeds by a machine. 2. 
To catch in a 'trap. 

GIN,v.i. To begin. [Sax. gynnan.] 

GIN, conj. [Sax. gif.] If. Grose. 

jGING, 7i. [for g-a7io-.] A company. B. Jonson. 

GIN'GER, n. [It. gengiovo ; &p. gengibre.] A plant, or the 
root of a species of amomuvi-, a native of the East and 
West Indies. 

GIN'GER-BREAD, n. [ginger an A bread.'] A kind of cake, 
composed of flour with an admixture of butter, pearlash 
and ginger, sweetened. 

t GIN'gER-LY, adv. Nicely ; cautiously. SJcelton. 

t GIN'GER-NESS, n. Niceness ; tenderness. 

GING'HAM, 7i. A kind of striped cotton cloth. 

GIN'GING, 71. In mining, the lining of a mine-shaft. 

GIN'Gl-VAL, a. [L. gingiva.] Pertaining to the gums. 

GIN'GLE, or JIN'GLE, v. i. [Pere. 2a7i^Z.] 1. To make a 
sharp, clattering sound ; to rmg as a little bell, or as small 
pieces of sonorous metal. 2. To utter affected or chiming 
sounds in periods or cadence. 

GIN'GLE, V. t. To shake so as to make clattering sounds in 
quick succession ; to ring, as a little bell. 

GIN'GLE, n. 1. A shrill, clattering sound. 2. Affectation 
in the sounds of periods in reading or speaking. 

GIN'GLY-MOID, a. [Gr. yiyyXvuos and eiSog-] Pertaining 
to or resembling a ginglymus. 

GIN'GLY-MUS, 7i. [Gr. yiyylvixog.] In ajiatovnT/, a species 
of articulation resembling a hinge. 

GIN'NET, 71. A nag. See Jennet. 

GIN'SENG, n. [this word is probably Chinese.] A plant, 
of the genus panax, the root of which is in great demand 
among the Chinese. It is found in the northern parts of 
Asia and America, and is an article of export from Amer- 
ica to China. 

6IP, V. t. To take out the entraUs of herrings. 

Gl'PON. See Juppon. 

GIP'SY, n. 1. The Gipsys are a race of vagabonds which 
infest Europe, Africa and Asia, strolling about and sub- 
sisting mostly by theft, robbery and fortune-telling. The 
name is supposed to be corrupted from Egyptian. 2. A 
reproachful name for a dark complexion. 3. A name of 
slight reproach to a woman ; sometimes implying artifice 
or cunning. 

GiP'SY, n. The language of the Gipsys. ' 

GIP'SY-ISM, 77. 1. The arts and practices of Gipsys ; 
deception; cheating; flattery. 2. The state of a Gipsy. 

Gl-RAFF', n. [Sp. girafa ; It. giraffa.] The camelppard, a 
quadruped. See Camelopard. 

GIR'AN-DOLE, 71. [It. girandola.] A chandelier ; a large 
kind of branched candlestick. 

* GiR'A-SOLE, or GlR'A-SOL, 7;. [Fr., Sp. ; It. girasole.] 
1. The turnsole, a plant of the genus A-'ioiro^iii^K. 2. A 
mine'a., 

GiRD, 72. [Sax. geard, gyrd, or gyrda.] . A twitch or 
pang ; a sudden spasm. — 2. In popular language, a severe 
stroke of a stick or whip. 

GiRD, V. t. ; pret. and pp. girded, or girt. [Sax. gyrdan.] 1. 
To bind by surrounding with any flexible substance, as 
with a twig, a cord, bandage or cloth. 2. To make fast 
by binding; to put on. 3. To invest; to surround. 4. 
To clothe ; to dress ; to habit. 5. To furnish ; to equip. 
6. To surround ; to encircle ; to inclose ; to rncompass. 
7 To gibe ; to reproach severely ; to lash. 

GiRD, V. i. To gibe ; to sneer ; to break a scornful jest ; to 
utter severe sarcasms. 

GiRD ED, pp. Bound ; surrounded ; invested ; put on. 

GiRD'ER, n. 1. In architecture, the principal piece of tim- 
ber in a floor. 2. A satirist. 

GiRD'ING, ppr. Binding ; surrounding ; investing. 

GiRD'ING, n. A covering. Is. iii. 

GiR'DLE, 71. [Sax. gyrdlr, gyrdl.] 1. A band or belt; 
something drawn round the Vaist of a person, and tied or 
buckled. 2. Inclosure ; circumference. 3. The zodiac. 
4. A round iron plate for baking. — 5. Among jewelers, the 
line which encompasses the stone, parallel to the horizon. 



GiR'DLE, V. t. 1. To bind with a belt or sash ; to gird. 2. 
To inclose ; to environ ; to shut in. Shak.—3. In America, 
to make a circular incision, like a belt, through the bark 
and albarnum of a tree, to kill it. Dwight. 

GiR'DLE-BELT, 71. A belt that encircles the waist. 

GiR'DLER, 7(. One who girdles; a maker of girdles. 

GiR'DLE-STEAD, n. The part of the body where the girdlti 
is worn. Mason. 

GIRE, n [L. gyrus ] A ckcle, or circular motion. Sf e Gyre. 

GIRL, 77. [Low L. ^crM^a.] 1. A female child, or young 
woman. — 2. Among sportsmen, a roebuck of two years old. 

GiRL'HOOD, 77. The state of a girl. 

GIRL'ISH', a. 1. Like a young woman or child; befitting a 
girl. 2. Pertaining to the youth of a female. 

GiRL'ISH-LY, adv. In the manner of a girl. 

fGiRN, v.i. A comiption of ^ri7?. South. 

GIR'ROCK, 7!. -A species of gar-fish, the lacertus. 

GiRT, pret. anApp of gird. 

GiRT, V. t. To gird ; to surround. Thomson. 

GiRT, ) n. 1. The band or strap by which a saddle or any 

GiRTH, \ burden on a horse's back is made fast, by pass- 
ing under his belly. 2. A circular bandage. 3. The 
compass measured by a girth or inclosing bandage. 

GiRTH, V. t. To bind" with a girth. 

GISE, 7;. t. To feed or pasture. See Agist. 

fGIS'LE, 71. A pledge. 

GIST, (jit) 71. [Fr. gesir, gUe.] In law, the main point of a 
question ; the point on which an action rests. 

GITH, n. Guinea pepper. 

GIT'TERN, 7i. [L. cithara.] A guitar. See Guitar. 

GIT'TERN, V. i. To play on a gittern. Milton. 

GIVE,^•. t. ; pret. gave ; pp. given. [Sax. gifan, gyfan.] 1. 
To bestow : to confer. 2. To transmit from himself to 
another by hand, speech or writing ; to deliver. 3. To 
impart ; to bestow. 4. To communicate. 5. To pass or 
deliver the property of a thing to another for an equiva- 
lent ; to pay. 6. To yield ; to lend ; in the plirase to give 
ear. 7. To quit ; in the phrase to give place. 8. To con- 
fer ; to grant. 9. To expose ; to yield to the power of. 
10. To grant ; to allow ; to permit. Rowe. 11. To afford ; 
to supply; to furnish. 12. To empower; to license ; to 
commission. 13. To pay or render. 14. To render ; to 
pronounce. 15. To utter ; to vent. 16. To produce ; to 
show ; to exhibit as a product or result. 17. To cause to 
exist ; to excite in another. 18. To send forth ; to emit. 
19. To addict ; to apply ; to devote one's self, followed 
by the reciprocal pronoun. 20. To resign; to yield up. 
21. To pledge. 22. To present for taking or acceptance 
23. To allow or admit by way of supposition. 
To give away, to alienate the title or property of a thing ; to 
make over to another ; to transfer. — To give back, to re- 
turn ; to restore. — To give forth, to publish ; to teH ; to 
report publicly. — To give the hand, to yield preeminence, 
as being subordinate or inferior. — To give in, to allow by 
way of abatement or deduction from a claim ; to yield 
what may be justly demanded. — To give over. 1. To 
leave; to quit ; to cease ; to abandon. 2. To addict; to 
attach to ; to abandon. 3. To despair of recovery ; to be- 
lieve to be lost, or past recovery. 4. To abandon. — To 
give out. 1. To utter publicly ;-to report; to proclaim; 
to publish. 2. To issue ; to send forth ; to publish. 3. 
To show ; to exhibit in false appearance. 4. To send 
out; to emit. — To give up. 1. To resign; to quit ; to 
yield as hopeless. 2. To surrender. 3. To relinquish ; 
to cede. 4. To abandon. 5. To deliver. — To give one^s 
self up. 1. To despair of one's recovery ; to conclude to 
be lost. 2. To resign or devote. 3. To addict ; to aban- 
don. — To give way. 1. To yield; to withdraw to make 
room for. 2. To fail ; to yield to force ; to break or fall 
3. To recede ; to make room for. — 4. In seamen's lan- 
guage, give way is an order to a boat's crew to row after 
ceasing, or to increase their exertions. 

GIVE, V. i. 1. To yield to pressure. 2. To begin to melt ; 
to thaw ; to grow soft, so as to yield to pressure. 3. To 
move ; to recede. 
To give in, to go back ; to give way ; [obs.] — To give into, 
to yield assent ; to adopt. — To give off, to cease ; to for- 
bear. Locke. — To give on, to rush ; to fall on ; [obs.] — To 
give out. 1. To publish ; to proclaim. 2. To cease from 
exertion; to yield; applied to persons. — To give over, to 
cease ; to act no more ; to desert. 

GIVEN, (giv'n) pp. Bestowed ; granted ; conferred ; im- 
parted ; admitted or supposed. 

GIVER, 71. One who gives ; a donor ; a bestower ; a grant- 
j3r ; one who imparts or distributes. 

Gives, 7/. plu. [Ir. gelbhion.] Fetters or shackles for the 
feet. See Gyves. 

GIVING, ppr. Bestowing; conferring; imparting; grant- 
ing ; delivering. 

GIVING, 77. 1. The act of conferring. Pope. 2. Analledg- 
ing of what is not real. Shak. 

GIZ'ZARD, 71. [Fr. gesier.] The strong, musculous stom- 
ach of a fowl. Dryden. — To fret the gizzard, to harass ; to 
vex one's self, or to be vexed. Hudibras. 



* See Synopsis A, E, I, O, U, "i, Zotid-.— FAR, FALL, V\AHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. 



GLA 



377 



GLA 



t GLa'BRI-ATE, 2). «. [h. glabra.] To make smooth. 

jGLa'BRI-TY, w. Smoothness. 

GLa'BKOUS, a. [L. glaber.] Smooth ; having an even 
surface. 

GLa CIAL, a. [Fr. glacial.] Icy ; consisting of ice j 
frozen. 

GLa'CIATE, v. i To turn to ice. Diet. 

GLA-CI-A'TIONj 71. The act of freezing j ice formed. 
Browiu 

GLa'CIeR, w. [Fr, glaciere.] A field or immense mass of 
ice, formed in deep but elevated valleys, or on the sides 
of the Alps or other mountains. . 

GLa'CIOUS, a. Like ice ; icy. Brown. 

"■GLa'CIS, 71. [Fr.] I. In building, or gardening, an easy, 
insensible slope. — 2. In fortification, a sloping bank. 

GLAD, a. [Sax. gked, or glad.] 1. Pleased 3 affected witli 
pleasure or moderate joy ; moderately happy. 2. Cheer- 
ful 5 joyous. 3. Cheerful ; wearing the appearance of 
joy ; 4. Wearing a gay appearance , showy ; bright. 5. 
Pleasing ; exhilarating. 6. Expressing gladness or joy ; 
exciting joy. 

GLAD, t). i. [the pret. and ]^p. gladded is not used.] To 
make glad ; to affect with pleasure ; to cheer ; to gladden ; 
to exhilarate. 

t GLAD, V. i. To be glad 5 to rejoice. Massinger. 

GLAD'DEN, (glad'n) v. t. [Sax. gladian.] To make glad ; 
to cheer ; to please 5 to exhilarate. 

GLAD'DEN, (glad'n) v. i. To become glad ; to rejoice. 

GLAD'DER, 71. One tliat makes glad, or gives joy. 

GLAD'DING, -ppr. Making glad ; cheering ; giving joy. 

GLADE, n. [Icel. hlad. Q,u.] 1. An opening or passage 
made through a wood by lopping off the branches of the 
trees. Locally, in the United States, a natural opening or 
open place in a forest. — 2. In JSTew England, an opening 
in the ice of rivers or lakes, or a place left unfrozen. 

GLADE, 7(. \p. glad.] Smooth ice. Mew England. 

GLa'DEN, ; n. [L. gladlus.] Sword-grass ; the general 

GLa'DER, ) name of plants that rise with a broad blade 
like sedge. 

fGLADFUL, a. Full of gladness. Spenser. 

fGLAD'FjJL-NESS, n. Joy 5 glajdness. Spenser. 

GLa'DI-ATE. a. [L. gladius.] Sword-shaped. 

*GLA'-DI-A-TOR,w. [L. from ^ZacZiMs.] Asword-player ; a 
prize-fighter. The gladiators, in Rome, were men who 
fought in the arena, for the entertainment of the people. 

GLA-DI-A-To'-RI-AL,a. P&rtaining to gladiators. 

GLa'DI-A-TO-RY, or GLAD'I-A-TO-RY, a. Relating to 
gladiators. Bp. Porteus. 

fGLA'Df-A-TURE, 71. Sword-play; fencing. Oayton. 

GLAD'I-OLE, 71. [Ij. gladiolus.] Ai^lant, the sword-lily, of 
the genus gladiolus. ^ 

GLAD'LY, adv. With pleasure ; joyfully. 

GLAD'NESS, n. Joy, or a moderate degree of joy ; pleas- 
ure of mind ; cheerfulness. [Gladness is rarely or never 
equivalent to mirth., merriment, gayety and triumph, and 
it usually expresses less than delight.] 

fGLAD'SHIP, n. State of gladness. Gower. 

GLAD'SoME, a. 1. Pleased ; joyful ; cheerful. 2. Causing 
joy ; pleasing. Prior. 

GLAD'S6ME-LY, adv. With joy ; with pleasure. 

GLAD'SoME-NESS, n. Joy, or moderate joy ; pleasure of 
mind. 2. Showiness. Johnson. 

GLAD'WIN, n. A plant of the genus iris. 

GLAIR, n. [Fr. glaire.] 1. The white of an egg. 2. Any 
viscous, transparent substance, resembling tlie white of 
an egg. 3. A kind of halberd. 

GLAIR, V. t. To smear with the white of an egg; to 
varnish. 

GLAIR'Y, a. Like glair, or partaking of its qualities. 

GLaNCE, n. [G. glanz.] 1. A sudden shoot of light or 
splendor. 2. A shoot or darting of sight ; a rapid or mo- 
mentary view or cast ; a snatch of sight. 

GLANCE , V. i. 1. To shoot or dart a ray of light or splen- 
dor. 2. To fly off in an oblique direction ; to dart aside. 
3. To look with a sudden, rapid cast of the eye ; to snatch 
a momentary or hasty view. 4. To hint ; to cast a word 
or reflection. 5. To censure by oblique hints. 

GLANCE, V. t. To slioot or dart suddenly or obliquely ; to 
cast for a rnoment. Shak. 

G LANCE'-€oAL, n. Anthracite ; a mineral composed 
chiefly of carbon. See Anthracite, 

GLAN'CING, ppr. Shooting; darting; casting suddenly; 
flying off obliquely. 

GLAN'CING-LY, adv. By glancing; in a glancing manner ; 
transiently. Hakewill. 

GLAND, 71. [L. glans.] 1. In anatomy, a distinct, soft 
body, formed by the convolution of a great number of ves- 
sels, either constituting a part of the lymphatic system, or 
destined to secrete some fluid from the blood. — 2. In bot- 
any, a gland or glandule is an excretory or secretory duct 
or vessel in a plant, 

GLANfDERED, a. Affected with glanders. Berkeley. 

GLAND'ERS, n. In farriery, the running, of corrupt slimy 
matter from the nose of a horse. 



GLAN-DIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. glandifer.] Bearing acorns or 
other nuts ; producing nutp or mast. 

GLAND'I-FORM, tt. [Tu. glans and forma.] In the shupo 
of a gland or nut ; resembling a gland. 

GLAND'U-LAR, a. Containing glands ; ionsisting of 
glands ; pertaining to glands. 

GLAND-U-La'TION, 71. In botany, the situation and 
structure of the secretory vessels in plants. 

GLAND'ULE, n. [L. glandula.] A small gland or secreting 
vessel* 

GLAND-U-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. glandula and fero.] Beat- 
ing glands. Lee. 

GLAND-U-LOS'I-TY, n. A collection of glands. [Little 
used.] Brown, 

GLAND'U-LOUS, a. [L. glandulosus.] Containing glands; 
consisting of glands ; pertaining to glands. 

GLARE, 71. [Dan.glar.] 1. A bright, dazzling light; clear, 
brilliant lustre or splendor, that dazzles the eyes, 2. A 
fierce, piercing look. 3. A viscous, transparent sub- 
stance. See Glair. 

GLARE, V. i. 1. To shine with a clear, bright, dazzling 
light. 2. To look with fierce, piercing eyes. 3. To shine 
with excessive lustre ; to be ostentatiously splendid. 

GLARE, V. t. To shoot a dazzling light. 

GLaR'E-OUS, a. [Fr. glaireux.] Resembling the white of 
an egg ; viscous and transparent or white. 

GLAR'ING, ppr. 1, Emitting a clear and brilliant light ; 
shining with dazzling lustre. 2. a. Clear; notorious; 
open and bold ; barefaced. 

GLAR'ING-LY, adv. Openly ; clearly ; notoriously. 

GLASS, n. [Sax. glees ,• Sw., Dan., G. and D. glas.] 1. A 
hard, brittle, transparent, factitious substance, formed by 
fusing sand with fixed alkalies. — In chemistry, a sub- 
stance or mixture, earthy, saline or metallic, brought by 
fusion to the state of a hard, brittle, transparent mass, 
whose fracture is conchoidal. 9. A glass vessel of any 
kind. 3. A mirror. 4. A vessel to be filled with sand 
• for measuring thne. 5. The destined time of man's life. 
6. The quantity of liquor that a glass vessel contains. 7. 
A vessel that shows the weight of the air. 8. A per- 
spective glass. 9. The time which a glass runs, or in 
which it is exhausted of sand. 10. Glasses, in the plural, 
spectacles. 

GLASS, a. Made of glass ; vitreous ; as, a glass bottle. 

GLASS, 77. t. 1. To see as in a glass ; lobs.] 2. To case in 
glass; \l.u] 3. To cover with glass ; to glaze. Boyle. 

GLASS'BLoW-ER, 71. On.e whose business is to blow and 
fashion glass. 

GLASS'FIJLL, n. As much as a glass holds. 

GLASS'FiJR-NACE, n. A furnace in which the materials 
of glass are melted, Cyc. 

GLASS'-Ga-ZING, a. Addicted to viewing one's self in a 
glass or mirror ; finical. Shak, 

GLASS'-GRlND-ER, n. One whose occupation is to grind 
and polish glass. Boyle. 

GLASS'HOUSE, n. A house where glass is made. 

GLASSL-NESS, n. The quality of being glassy or sinooth ; 
a vitreous appearance. 

GLASS'LiKE, a. Resembling glass. 

GLASS'MAN, n. One who sells glass. Swift. 

GLASS'MET-AL, n. Glass in fusion. Boyle. 

GLASSiPOT, 71. A vessel used for melting glass. 

GLASS'WoRK, 71. Manufacture of glass. 

GLASS'WoRKS, n. plu. The place or buildings where 
glass is m.ade. 

GLASS'WoRT, n. A plant, the salsola. 

GLASS'Y, a. 1. Made of glass ; vitreous. 2. Resembling 
glass in its properties, as in smoothness, brittleness, or 
transparency. Vryden. 

GLAS'TON-BUR-Y-THORN', n. A species of medlar. 
Miller. 

GLAUB'ER-ITE, n. A mineral. Ure, . 

Gi^AUB'ER-SALT, n. Sulphate of soda, a well known ca- 
thartic. 

GLAU-CO'MA, n. [Gr.] A fault in the eye, in which the 
crystaline humor becomes gray, but without injury to the 
sight. Quincy. 

GLAUCOUS, a. [L. glaucus.] Of a sea-green color; of a 
light green. 

fGLAVE, 71. [Fr. glaive.] A broad-sword ; a falchion, 

GLAVER, V. i. (W. glavni.] To flatter; to wheedle 
[Little used, and vulgar.] L'Estrange. 

GLAVER-ER, n. A flatterer. 

GLaY'MORE, 71. [Gael, claidhamh, and more.] A large, 
two-handed sword, formerly much used by the Highland- 
ers of Scotland. Johnson. 

GLAZE, V. t. [from glass.] 1. To furnish with windows 
of glass. 2. To incrust with a vitreous substance. 3. 
To cover with any thing smooth and shining ; or to render 
the exterior of a thing smooth, bright and showy. 4. To 
give a glassy surface ; to make glossy. 

GLAZED, pp. Furnished with glass windows ; incrusted 
with a substance resembling glass ; rendered smooth and 
shining. 



* See Synopsis, MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BI^LL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in t 'lis. t Obsolete 



GLI 



378 



GLO 



f GLa'ZEN, a. [Sax. glasen.] Resembling glass. Wlckliffe. 
GLa'ZIER, i^glazhur) n. One whose business is to set win- 

dow-glciss. Moxon. 
GLaZ'ING, ppr. 1. Furnishing with window-glass, 2. 

Crusting with a vitreous substance, as potter's ware. 3. 

Giving a smooth, glossy, shining surface, as to cloth. 
GLaZ'ING, n. The vitreous substance with which potter's 

ware is incrusted. 
SLeAM, 71. [Sax. gleam, or glmm.'] 1. A shoot of light ; a 

beam ; a ray 3 a small stream of light. 2. Brightness ; 

splendor. 
GLeAM, w. i. 1. Toshoot or dart, as rays of light, 2, To 

shine 5 to cast light. 3. To flash ; to spread a flood of 

light. — 4. Among falconers, to disgorge filth, as a hawk. 
GLeAM'ING, ppr. Shooting, as rays of light 5 shining. 
GLeAM'ING, n. A shoot or shooting of light, 
GLeAM'Y, a. Darting beams of light; casting light in 

ra}^3. 
GLeAN, v. t. [Fr. glaner.'l 1. To gather the stalks and 

ears of grain which reapers leave behind them. 2. To 

collect things thinly scattered ; to gather what is left in 

small parcels or numbers. 
GLEAN, V. L To gather stalks or ears of gram left by 

reapers. 
GLEAN, n. A collection made by gleaning, or by gathering 

here and there a little. 
GLEANED, fj). Gathered after reapers; collected from 

small, detached parcels. 2, Cleared of what is left. 3. 

Having suffered a gleaning, 
GLeAN'ER, 71, 1. One who gathers after reapers, 2. One 

who collects detached parts or numbers, or who gathers 

slowly with labor, Locke. 
GLeAN'ING, ppr. Gathering what reapers leave ; coUec^- 

iiig in small, detached parcels. 
GLeAN'ING, n. 1. The act of gathering after reapers. 2. 

That which is collected by gleaning. 
GLEBE, 7t. [L. glela.] 1. Turf; soil; ground. 2, The 

land belonging to a parish church or ecclesiastical bene- 
fice. 3. A crystal ; [wis,] — 4. Among miners, a piece of 

earth in which is contained some mineral ore. 
GLeB'OUS, a. Gleby ; turfy. Diet. 
GLeB'Y, a. Turfy ; cloddy. 
GLEDE, 71. [Sax. glida.'] A fowl of the rapacious kind, the 

kite, a species of faleo. 
GLEE, 71. [Sax. glie.] 1. Joy ; merriment ; mirth ; gayety ; 

particularly, the mirth enjoyed at a feast. 2. A sort of 

catch or song sung in parts, 
GLEE, or GLY, v. i. [Teut. gluyeren.] To squint, 
t GLEED, 71. [Sax. gled.] A glowing coal. Chaucer. 
GLEE'FUL, a. Merry ; gay ; joyous, Shak. 
jGLEEK, n. 1. Music, or a musician. Shak. 2. A scofl"; 

a game at cards, 
t GLEEi£, 7). ?". To make sport of; to gibe; to sneer; to 

spend time idly. Shak. 
t GLEE'MAN, n. A musician. 
JGLEEN, 75, i. [W.glan.] To shine; to glisten. 
t GLEE'SOME, a. Merry ; joyous, 
GLEET, n. [Sax. glidan.] The flux of a thin humor from 

the urethra ; a thin ichor running from a sore. 
GLEET, V. i. 1, To flow in a thin, limpid humor ; to ooze. 

Wiseman. 2. To flow slowly, as water. Cheijne. 
GLEET'Y, a. Ichorous ; thin ; limpid. 
GLEN, n. [W. glyn.] A valley ; a dale; a depression or 

space betweenliills. 
GLENE, 71, [Gr. yXijvr].] In anatomy, the cavity or socket 

of the eye, and the pupil. 
GLENT, V. i. [Icel, glenta.'] To start aside ; to look aside. 

.N'orth of Enffland. 
GLEW. See Glue. 
GLT'A-DINE, n. [Gr. y\ia.'\ One of the constituents of 

gluten. 
GLIB, a. [D. gUbheren, glippen.] 1, Smooth ; slippery ; ad- 
mitting a body to slide easily on the surface, 2, Smooth ; 

voluble ; easily moving, 
fGLIB, n. A thick curled bush of hair hanging down over 

the eyes. Spenser. 
<JLIB, V. t. 1. To castrate. 2. To make smooth. 
GLTB'LY, orfy. Smoothly; volubly. 
GLIB'NESS, 71. Smoothness; slippenness. Chapman. 2. 

Volubility of the tongue. 
Glide, v'l. [iiax. gUdan.] 1. To flow gently; to move 

v.'ithout noise or violence ; as a river. 2. To move silent- 
ly and smootlily ; to pass along without apparent efibrt. 

3. To move or pass rapidly and with apparent ease. — 4. 

In a general sense, to move or slip along with ease, as on 

a smooth surface, 
GLIDE, 77, The act or manner of moving smoothly, swiftly 

and without labor or obstruction, 
GLTD'ER, 71. He or that which glides. Spenser. 
GLTD'ING, ppr. Passing along gently and smoothly ; mov- 
ing rapidly, or with ease. 
GLIKE, 7!. [Sax. g-Zig-.] A sneer; a scoff"; a flout. 
GLIME, v.i. To look out of the corner of the eye ; to glance 

slyly. 



GLIM'MER, 1?. i. [G. glimmen, glimmem.] 1. To shoot fee- 
ble or scattered rays of light. 2. To shine faintly ; to give 
a feeble light. 

GLIM'MER, 71. 1. A faint light ; feeble, scattered rays of 
light. — 2. In mineralogy, mica, glist, muscovy-glass ; a 
mineral resulting from crystalization, but rarely found in 
regular crystals. 

GLIM'MER-ING, ppr. Shining faintly; shooting feeble, 
scattered rays of light. 

GLIM'MER-ING, n. 1. A faint beammg of light. 2. A faint 
view. 

GLIMPSE, n. [D. glimp.] 1. A weak, faint light. 2. A 
flasJi of light. 3. Transient lustre. 4. A short, tran- 
sitory view. 5. Short, fleeting enjoyment. 6. Exhibition 
of a faint resemblance. 

GLIMPSE, V. i. To appear by glimpses. Drayton. 

GLIS'SA, n. A fish of the tunny kind, without scales 

GLIST, 71. Glimmer ; mica. See Glimmer. 

GLIS'TEN, (glis'n) v. i. [Sax. glisnian.] To shine ; to 
sparkle with light. 

GLIS'TEN-ING, p2)r. Shining; sparkling; emitting rays 
of light. 

GLIS'TER, V. i. To shine ; to be bright ; to sparkle ; to be 
brilliant. Shak. 

GLIS'TER. See Clyster. 

GLIS'TER-ING, pjir. Shining ; sparkling with light 

GLIS'TER-ING-LY, adv. With shining lustre. 

GLIT'TER, V. i. [Sax. glitenan.] 1. To shine ; to sparkle 
with light ; to gleam ; to be splendid. 2. To be showy, 
specious or striking, and, hence, attractive. 

GLIT'TER, 71. Brightness; brilliancy; splendor; lustre. 

f GLIT'TER-AND,;>pr, or a. Sparkling. Chaucer. 

GLIT'TER-ING, ppr. Shining ; splendid ; brilliant. 

GLIT'TER-ING-LY, adv. With sparkling lustre. 

GLoAM, V. i. To be sullen. See Glum, 

fGLoAR, 7). i. [B. gluuren.] To squint ; to stare. 

f GLoAT, V. i. [Sw. glutta.] To cast side glances ; to stare 
wjth eagerness or admiration. Rowe. 

GLo'BARD, n. [from glow.] A glow-worm. 

GLoB'ATE, I a. [L. globatus.] Having the form of a 

GLoB'A-TED, \ globe ; spherical ; spheroidal. 

GLOBE, 71. [L. globus ; Fr. globe.] 1, A round or spherical 
solid body ; a ball ; a sphere ; a body whose surface is in 
every part equidistant from the centre, 2, The earth ; 
the terraqueous ball ; so called, though not perfectly 
spherical. 3. An artificial sphere of metal, paper or other 
matter, on whose convex surface is drawn a map or repre- 
sentation of the earth or of the heavens, 4. A body of 
soldiers formed into a circle. 

GLOBE, V. t. To gather round or into a circle. 

GLOBE'-AM-A-RANTH, n. A plant. See Amaranth. 

GLoBE'-AN-I-MAL, n. A species of animalcule of a glob- 
ular form. 

GLoBE'-DaI-SY, n. A plant or flower. 

GLoBE'-FISH, 71. A fish of a globular shape, the ostracion. 
Johnson. Encyc. 

GLoBE'-FLOW-ER, n. A plant or flower. 

GLoBE'-RA-NUN'€U-LUS, n. A plant 

GLoBE^THIS-TLE, n. A plant. 

GLO-BoSE', a. [L. globosus.] Round ; spherical ; globular. 
Milton. 

GLO-BOS'I-TY, n. The quality of being round. 

GLo'BOUS, a. [L. globosus.] Round ; spherical. 

GLOB'ULAR, a. Round ; spherical ; having the form of a 
small ball or sphere. Grew. 

GLOB-U-La'RI-A, n. A flosculous flower. Miller. 

GLOB'ULE, 77. [Fr. globule ,• L. globulus.] A little globe ; 
a small particle of matter of a spherical form. 

GLOB'U-LOUS, a. Round ; globular ; having the form of a 
small sphere. Boyle. 

GLoB'Y, a. Round ; orbicular. Sherwood. 

t GLODE, old pret. of glide. 

GLOME, 71. [L. glomus ] In botany, a roundish head of 
flowers. Martyn. 

GLOM'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. glomero.] To gather or wind 
into a ball ; to collect ijito a spherical form or mass. 

GLOM'ER-A-TED, pp. Gathered into a ball or round 
mass. 

GLOM'ER-A-TING, ppr. Collecting or winding into a ball 
or round mass, 

GLOM-ER-A'TION, n. [L. glomeratio.] I. The act of 
gathering into a ball or spherical body. 2. A body formed 
into a ball. Bacon. 

GLOM'ER-OUS, a. [L. glomerosus.] Gathered or formed 
into a ball or round mass. 

GLOOM, n. [Scot, gloum.] 1. Obscurity ; partial or total 
darkness ; thick shade. 2. Cloudiness or heaviness of 
mind • melancholy ; aspect of sorrow, 3. Darkness of 
prospect or aspect. 4. Sullenness, 

GLOOBI, V. i. 1. To shine obscurely or imperfectly. 2. To 
be cloudy, dark or obscure. 3. To be melancholy or de- 
jected. 

GLOOM, 7;. t. To obscure; to fill with gloom; to darken; 
to make dismal. 



sec Synopsis ^, E, T, O, U, Y, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT :— PREY ;— KN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



GLO 



379 



GLU 



GLOJM'I-LY, adv. 1. Obscurely; ditoly; darkly; dismal- 
ly. 2. With melancholy aspect ; sullenly. Dryden. 

GLOOM'I-NESS, n. 1. Want of light ; obscurity ; darkness ; 
dismalness. 2. Want of cheerfulness ; cloudiness of look ; 
heaviness of mind ; melancholy. 

GLOOM'Y, a. 1. Obscure : imperfectly illuminated ; or 
dark ; dismal. 2. Wearing the aspect of sorrow ; melan- 
choly ; clouded: dejected; depressed; heavy of heart. 
3. Of a dark complexion ; [little used.] 

GLOP'PEN, V. t. To surprise ; to astonish. JV*. ofEna-land. 

GLORE, a^ [Icel. hlT/re.} Fat. 

tGLO-RI-A'TION, n. [L. gloriatio.] Boast; a triumphing. 
Richardson. 

f-GLo'RIED, a. Illustrious; honorable. Milton. 

GL0-RI-FI-€a'TI0N, n. I. The act of giving glory, or of 
ascribing honors to. 2. Exaltation to honor and dignity ; 
elevation to glory. 

GLo'RI-FiED, pp. Honored ; dignified ; exalted to glory. 

GLo'RI-FY, v. t. [Ft. glorifier.] 1. To praise ; to magnify 
and honor in worship ; to ascribe honor to, in thought or 
words. 2. To make glorious ; to exalt to glory, or to ce- 
lestial happiness. 3. To praise ; to honor ; to extol. 4. 
To procure honor or praise to. 

GLo'RI-FY-ING, ppr. Praising ; honoring in worship ; ex- 
alting to glory ; honoring ; extolling. 

GLo'RI-OUS, a. [Fr. ^Zoricifz ; 'L.gloriosus.'] 1. Illustrious; 
of exalted excellence and splendor ; resplendent in majes- 
ty and divme attributes. 2. Noble ; excellent ; renowned ; 
celebrated ; illustrious ; very honorable. 3. Boastful ; 
self-exulting ; haughty ; ostentatious ; [obs.'] 

GLO'RI-OUS-LY. adv. Splendidly; illustriously ; with great 
renown or dignity. 

GLo'RI-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being glo- 
rious. 

GLO'RY, 71. [Li gloria ; Ft. gloire.] 1. Brightness ; lustre ; 
splendor. 2. Splendor ; magnificence. 3. The circle of 
rays surrounding the head of a figure in painting. 4. 
Praise ascribed in adoration ; honor. 5. Honor ; praise ; 
fame; renown; celebrity. 6. The felicity of heaven pre- 
pared for the children of God ; celestial bliss. — 7. In 
Scripture, the divine presence ; or the ark, the manifesta- 
tion of it. 8. The divine perfections or excellence. 9. 
Honorable representation of God. 10. Distinguished honor 
or ornament ; that which honors or makes renowned ; 
that of which one may hoast. 11. Pride; boastful ness ; 
arrogance ; as, vain glory. 12. Generous pride. 

GLO'RY, V. i. [L. glorior.] 1. To exult with joy ; to re- 
joice. 2. To boast ; to be proud of. 

GLoRY-ING, j};>r. Exulting with joy ; hoasting. 

GLo'RY-ING, n. The act of exulting ; exultation ; boast- 
ing ; displav of pride. 

GLOs^E, GLoSER. See Gloze. 

GLOSS, n. [G. glosse.] I. Brightness or lustre of a body, 
proceeding from a smooth surface. 2. A specious appear- 
ance or representation ; external show that may mislead 
opinion. 3. An interpretation artfully specious. 4. In- 
terpretation ; comment; explanation; remark intended to 
illustrate a subject. 5. A literal translation. 

GLOSS, V. t. 1. To give a superficial lustre to; to make 
smooth and shining. 2. To explain ; to render clear and 
evident by comments ; to illustrate. 3. To give a specious 
appearance to; to render specious and plausible; to pal- 
liate by specious representation. 

GLOSS, V. i. 1. To comment ; to write or make explanato- 
ry remarks. 2. To make sly remarks. Prior. 

GLOS-Sa'RI-AL, a. Containing explanation. 

GLOSS'A-RIST, n. A writer of glosses or comments. 

GLOSS' A-RY, 71. [Fr. glossaire.] A dictionary or vocabu- 
lary, explaining obscure or antiquated words found in old 
authors. 

fGLOS-SA'TOR, 71. [Ft. glossateur.] A writer of com- 
ments ; a commentator. Jlyliffe. 

GLOSSED, pp. Made smooth and shining ; explained. 

GLOSS'ER, 71. 1. A writer of glosses ; a scholiast ; a com- 
mentator. 2. A polisher; one who eives a lustre. 

GLOSS'I-NESS, n. The lustre or brightness of a smooth 
surface. Boyle. 

GLOSSING, ppr. Giving lustre to; polishing; explaining 
by comments ; giving a specious appearance. 

fGLOSS'IST, 71. A writer of comments. Wilton. 

GLOSS-OG'RA-PHER, n. [gloss, and Gr. yoa(pw.'] A writer 
of glosses ; a commentator ; a scholiast. 

G LOSS-OG'RA-PHY, n. The writing of comments for il- 
lustrating an author. 

GLOSS-OLO-GIST, n. [gloss, and Gr. 'Xoyo^.] One who 
writes glosses ; a commentator. 

GLOSS-OL'O-GY, n. [gloss, and Gr. ^oyog.] Glosses or 
commentaries ; explanatory notes. 

GLOSS Y, a. Smooth and shining ; reflecting lustre from a 
smooth surface ; highly polished. 

GLOT'TIS. 71. [Gr. yAwrra.] The narrow opening at the 
upper part rf the aspera arteria or windpipe. 

tGLOUT, ti.i. [Scot.] To pout; to look sullen. Garth. 



tGLOUT, V. t. To view attentively. 

GL6VE, n. [Sax. gluf.] A cover for the hand, or for the 
hand and arm, with a separate sheath for each finger.— 
To throw the glove, with our ancestors, was to challenge 
to single combat. 

GL6VE, V. t. To cover with a glove Shak. 

GLoV^ER, 71. One whose occupation is to mtike and sell 
gloves. 

GLoW, V. i. [Sax. glowan.] 1. To shine with intense heat , 
or, perhaps more correctly, to shine with a white heat ; 
to exliibit incandescence. 2. To burn with vehement 
heat. 3. To feel great heat of body ; to be hot. 4. To 
exhibit a strong bright color ; to be red. 5. To be LrigJit 
or red with heat or animation, or with blushes. 6. To 
feel the heat of passion ; to be ardent; to be animated, 
7. To burn with intense heat ; to rage ; as passion 

t GLo W, V. i. To heat so as to shine. Shak. 

t GLoW, V. t To make hot so as to shine. Shak 

GLoW, n. 1. Shining heat, or white heat. 2. Brightness 
of^color ; redness. 3. Vehemence of passion. 

GLoW'ING, ppr. 1. Shining with intense heat ; white with 
heat. 2. Burning with vehement heat. 3. Exhibiting a 
bright color ; red 4 Ardent ; vehement ; animated. 5. 
Inflamed 

GLoW'ING-LY, adv. With great brightness ; with ardent 
heat or passion. 

GLoW'WoRM, 71. The female of the lampyris noctiluca, 
an insect of the order o( coleopters . 

GLOZE, v. i. [Sax. glesan.] To flatter ; to wheedle ; to 
fawn ; to talk smoothly. 

GLOZE over, v. t. To palliate by specious exposition. 

GLOZE, 72. 1. Flattery ; adulation. Shak. 2. Specious 
show; gloss; [o6s. See Gloss.] Sidney. 

GLoZ'ER, 7!. A flatterer. Oifford. 

GLoZ'ING, ppr. Flattering ; wheedling. 

GLoZ'ING, n. Specious representation. Mountagu. 

GLtJ'CIN, 7(. [Gr. y'XvKvg.] A soft, white earth or powder 
obtained from the beryl and emerald. 

GLuE, (glu) n. [Fr. glii.] Inspissated animal gluten; a te- 
nacious, viscid matter, which serves as a cement to unite 
other substances. 

GLuE, V. t. [Fr. gluer.] 1. To join with glue or a viscous 
substance. 2. To unite ; to hold together. 

GLuE'BOIL-ER, n. [glue and boil.] One whose occupation 
isjo make glue. 

GLuED, pp. L^nited or cemented with glue. 

GLuER, 7!. One who cements with glue. 

GLU'EY, a. Viscous ; glutinous. 

GLU'EY-NESS. v. The quality of being gluey. 

GLUING,;?^. Cementing with glue. 

GLU'ISH, a. Having the nature of glue. Sherwood. 

GLUM, a.^[Scot. o-loum.] Frowning; sullen. [L.u.] 

t GLUM, 71. Sullenness. 

jGLUM, V. i. [from gloom.] To look sourly ; to be sour of 
•countenance. 

GLU-Ma'CEOUS, a. Having glumes ; consisting of glumes. 
Barton. 

GLUME, n. [L. gliima.] In botany, the calyx or corol of 
corn and grasses ; the husk or chaff. 

GLUM'MY, a. Dark ; gloomy ; dismal. 

GLuM'OUS, a. A gluniKis flower is a kind of aggregate 
flcwer, with a common glume at the base. 

GLUT, V. i. [L. glutio.] 1. To swallow, or to swallow 
greedily ; to gorge. Milton. 2. To cloy ; to fill beyond 
sufficiency ; to sate ; to disgust. 3. To feast or delight 
even to satiety, 4. To fill or furnish beyond sufficiency. 
5. To saturate. 

GLUT, 7i. 1. That which is swallowed. 2. Plenty even to 
loathing. 3. More than enough; superabundance. 4. Any 
thing that fills or obstructs the passage, 5. A wooden 
wedge. JVeic England. 

GLtj'TE-AL, a. [Gr, y^ovrog.] The gluteal artery is a 
branch of the hypogastric or internal iliac artery. 

GLtJ'TEN, n. [L.] A tough, elastic substance, of a grayish 
color, found in the flour of wheat and other grain. 2. 
That part of the blood which gives firmness to its texture. 

GLtJ'TI-NATE, v. t. To unite with due ; to cement. 

GLU-TI-Na TION, 71. The act of uniting with glue. 

GLtr TI-NA-TiVE, a. Having the quality of cementing ; 
tenacious, 

GLU-TI-NOS'I-TY, 7!. The quality of being glutinous: 
vijcousness. 

GLu'TI-NOUS, n. [L. gbitinosv^.] 1. Viscous ; viscid ; te- 
nacious ; having the quality of glue ; resembling glue 
— 2. In botany, besmeared with a slipperv moisture. 

GLtJ'TI-NOUS'-NESS, n. Viscosity ; viscidity ; the quality 
of slue, tenacitv. Chevne. 

GLUT'TON, (glut'tn) n. [Low L. gluto ; Fr. glouton.] 1. 
One who indulges to excess in eating. 2. One eager of 
any thing to excess. — 3. In zoology, an animal of the 
genus ursus. 

t GLUT'TON, V. t. To load ; to glut ; to overfill. Lovelace. 

GLUT'TON-iZE, v. i. To eat to excess ; to eat voraciously ; 
to indulge the appetite to excess. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE,— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. , Obsolete. 



GO 



380 



GOA 



GLUT'TON-OUS, a. 1. Given to excessive eating. 9. 
Consisting in excessive eating. 

GLUT'TON-OUS-LY, adv. Witli the voracity of a glutton; 
withi excessive eatirg. 

GLUT'TON-Y, n. 1. Excess in eating ; extravagant indul- 
gence of the appetite for food. 2. Luxury of tlie table. 
3. Voracity of appetite. Encyc. 

GLY-Co'NI-AN, I a. [Low L. glyconium.] Denoting a kind 

GLY-CON'ie, \ of verse in Greek and "Latin poetry. 

GLYN. See Glen. 

GLYPH, n. [Gr. y^vcptj.] In sculpture and architecture^ a 
canal, channel or cavity intended as an ornament. 

GL^PH'I€, 71. A picture or figure by which a word is im- 
plied. See HlEKOGLYPHIC. 

GLYP'TI€, 71. The art of engraving figures on precious 



GLYP-TO-GRAPH'I€, a. [Gr. yXvTrro? and ypac^w.] De- 
scribing the methods of engraving on precious stones. 

GLYP-TOG'RA-PHY, n. A description of the art of engrav- 
ing on precious stones. 

GNAR, (nar) \v.i. [Sax.gmjrran, gnornian.] To growl; 

GNARL, (narl) \ to murmur; to snarl, [Guar is nearly 
obsolete.] 

GNARLED, (narld) a. Knotty; fuir of knots. 

GNASH, (nash) v. t. [Dan. Jcnasker.] To strike the teeth 
together, as in anger or pain. Dryden. 

GNASH, (nash) v.i. 1. To grind the teeth. 2. To rage 
even to collision with the tteth ; to growl. 

GNASH'ING, (nash'ing) ppr. Striking the teeth together, as 
in anger, rage or pain. 

GNASH'ING, (nash'ing) n. A giinding or striking of the 
teeth in rage or anguish. 

GNAT, (nat) n. [Sax. gncet.] 1. A small insect, or rather a 
genus of insects, the culex. 2. Any 'thing proverbially 
small. 

tGNA-THON'I-€AL-LY, a^Zv. Flatteringly; deceitfully. 

GNAT'FLOW-ER, n. A flower, called also bee-floioer. 

GNAT'SNAP-PER, n. A bird that catches gnats. 

GNAT'WoRM, ti. A small water insect produced by a 
gnat ; the larva of a gnat. 

GNAW, (naw) v. t. [Sax. gnagan.] 1. To bite off by little 
and little ; to bite or scrape off with the fore teeth ; to 
wear away by biting. 2. To eat by biting oflT small por- 
tions of food with the fore teeth. 3. To bite in agony or 
rage. 4. To waste ; to fret ; to corrode. 5. To pick with 
the teeth. 

GNAW, (naw) v. i. To use the teeth in biting. 

GNAWED, (nawd) p/). Bit; corroded. 

GNAWER, (naw'er) n. He or that which gnaws. 

GNAWING, (naw'ing) ppr. Biting off by little and little ; 
corroding ; eating by slow degrees. 

GNe'ISS, (nSis) 71. [qu Dan. gnister.] In mineralogy, a 
species of aggregated rock, composed of quartz, feldspar 
and mica. 

t GNOEF, (nof ) n. A miser. 

GNOME, (nome) n. [Gr. yvuyfir].] 1. An imaginary being, 
supposed by the cabaiists to inhabit the inner parts of the 
BRrth. Encyc. 2. A brief reflection or maxim ; [not used.] 

GNoM'I-€AL, (n5'me-kal) a. Sententious ; containing 
maxims. [Little used.] 

GNOM-I-0-MET'RI-€AL,a. [Gr. yvwixcov and nerpeu).] The 
gnomiomr.frical telescope and microscope is an instru- 
ment for measuring the angles of crystals. 

GS8M-0-L§l't€AL, i - P^«^i"^"g ^« gnomology. 

GNO-MOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. yvw/^j; and \oyog.] A collection 
of maxims, grave sefitences or reflections. [Little used.] 

GNo'MON, (no'mon) n. [Gr. yvcopwv.] 1. In dialing, the 
style or pin, which by its shadow shows the hour of the 
day. — 2. In astrovoiny, a style erected perpendicular to 
the horizon, in order to find the altitude of the sun. 3. 
The ffvomon of a globe is the index of the hour-circle. 

GNO-MON'I€, ; a. Pertaining to the art of dialing. 

GNO-MON'I-€AL, i Chambers. 

GNO-MON'I€S, 71. The art or science of dialing. 

GNOS'Tie, (nos'tik) n. [L. gnosticus.] The Gnostics were 
a sect of philosophers that arose in the first ages of Chris- 
tianity, who pretended they were the only men who had 
a true knowledge of the Christian religion. 

GNOS'Tie, (nos'tik) a. Pertaining to the Gnostics. 

GNOS'TI-CISM, (nos'te-sizm) n. The doctrines or system 
of philosophy tauglit by the Gnostics. 

GNU, n. A species of antelope, in Southern Africa. 

GO, V. i. ; pret. went ; pp. gone. Went belongs to the root. 
Sax. wendan, a different word. [Sax. gan ; G. gehen.] 
1. In a general sense, to move ; to pass ; to proceed from 
one place, state or station to another. 2. To walk ; to 
move on the feet, or step by step. 3. To walk leisurely ; 
not to run. 4. To travel ; to journey. 5. To depart ; to 
move from a place. 6. To proceed ; to pass. 7. To 
move ; to pass in any manner or to any end. 8. To 
move or pass customarily from place to place, denoting 
custom or practice. 9. To proceed from one state or 



opinion to another ; to change. 10. To proceed in menta 
operations ; to advance ; to penetrate. 11. To proceed or 
advance in accomplishing an end. 12. To apply ; to be 
applicable. 13. To apply one's self. 14. To have re- 
course to. 15. To be about to do. 16. To pass ; to ha 
accounted in value. 17. To circulate ; to pass in report 
18. To pass ; to be received ; to be accounted or under- 
stood to be. 19. To move, or be in motion. 20. To 
move as a fluid; to flow. 21. To have a tendency. 29. 
To be in compact or partnership. 23. To be guided or 
regulated ; to proceed by some principle or rule. 24. To- 
be pregnant. 25. To pa'ss ; to be alienated in payment or 
exchange. 28. To be loosed or released ; to be freed from 
restraint. 27. To be expended. 28. To extend ; to reach. 
29. To extend or lead in any direction. 30. To proceed : 
to extend. 31. To have effect ; to extend in effect ; to avail ; 
to be of force or value. 32. To extend in meaning or pur- 
port. 33. To have a currency or use, as custom, opinion 
or manners. 34. To contribute ; to conduce ; to concur ; 
to be an ingredient. 35. To proceed ; to be carried on. 

36. To proceed to final issue ; to terminate ; to succeed. 

37. To proceed in a train, or in consequences. 38. To 
fare ; to be in a good or ill state. 39. To have a tendency 
or effect ; to operate. 

To go about. 1. To set one's self to a business ; to attempt ; 
to endeavor. — 2. In seamen's language, to tack ; to turn 
the head of a ship. — To go abi-oad. 1. To walk out of a 
house. 2. To be uttered, disclosed or published.— To go 
against. 1. To invade ; to march to attack. 2. To be in 
opposition ; to be disagreeable. — To go aside. 1. To with- 
draw ; to retire into a private situation. 2. To en- ; to de- 
viate from the right way, — To go astray, to wander ; to 
break from an inclosure , also, to leave the right course ; 
to depart from law or ruld ; to sin ; to transgress. — To go 
away, to depart ; to go to a distance. — To go between, to 
interpose ; to mediate ; to attempt to reconcile or to adjust 
differences. — To go by. 1. To pass near and beyond. 2. 
To pass away unnoticed ; to omit. 3. To find or get in 
the conclusion. — To go down. 1. To descend in any man- 
ner. 2. To fail ; to come to nothing. 3. To be swallow- 
ed or received, not rejected. — To go forth, to issue or de- 
part out of a place. — To go forward, to advance. — To go 
hard with, to be in danger of a fatal issue ; to have diffi- 
culty to escape. — To go in, to enter. — To go in to, to have 
sexual commerce with.^T^o go in and out. 1. To do the 
business of life. 2. To go freely ; to be at liberty. — To go' 
off. 1. To depart to a distance ; to leave a place or station. 

2. To die ; to decease. 3. I'o be discharged, as fire-arras ; 
to explode. — To go on. 1. To proceed ; to advance for- 
ward. 2. To be put on, as a garment. — To go out. 1. To 
issue forth ; to depart from. 2. To go on an expedition. 

3. To become extinct, as light or life ; to expire. 4. To 
become public. — To go over. 1. To read ; to peruse ; to 
study. 2. To examine ; to view or review. 3. To think 
over ; to proceed or pass in mental operation. 4. To 
change sides ; to pass from one party to another. 5. To 
revolt. 6. To pass from one side to the other, as of a river 

— To go through. I. To pass in a substance. 2. To exe 
cute ; to accomplish ; to perform thoroughly ; to finish 
3. To suffer ; to bear ; to undergo ; to sustain to the end. 

— To go through with; to execute effectually. — To go un- 
der, to be talked of or known, as by a title or name. — To 
go up, to ascend ; to rise. — To go upon, to proceed as on a 
foundation ; to take as a principle supposed or settled. — 
To go with. 1. To accompany ; to pass with others. 2. 
To side with ; to be in party or design with. — To go ill 
with, to have ill fortune ; not to prosper .— To g-o well with, 
to have good fortune ; to prosper. — To go without, to be or 
remain destitute. — Qo to, come, move, begin ; a phrase of 
exhortation ; also a phrase of scornful exhortation. 

Go'-BE-TWEEN, n. An interposer; one who transacts 
business between parties, f^hak. 

Go'-BY, n. 1. Evasion ; escape by artifice. 2. A passing 
without notice ; a thrusting away ; a shifting off. 

Go'-€ART, n. A machine with wheels, in which children 
learn to walk without danger of falling. 

GoAD, 71. [Sax. gad.] A pointed instrument used to stim- 
ulate a beast to move faster. 

GoAD, V. t. 1. To prick ; to drive with a goad. 2. To in- 
cite ; to stimulate ; to instigate ; to urge forward. 

GoAD'ED, pp. Pricked ; pushed on by a goad ; insti- 
gated. 

GoAD'ING, ppr. Pricking ; driving with a goad ; inciting ; 
urging on ; rousing. 

Goal, ti, [Fr. gaule.] 1. The point set to bound a race, 
and to which racers run ; the mark. 2. Any starting post 
3. The end or final purpose ; the end aimed at. 

GoAR, n. More usually gore, which see. 

tGoAR'ISH, a. Patched ; mean. Beaumont. 

GoAT, n. [Sax. gat ; D. geit.] An animal or quadruped of 
the genus capra. 

GoAT'-BEARD, n. See Goat's-beard. 

GoAT'-CHAF-FER, n. An msect, a kind of beetle. 

GoAT'FISH, n. A fish of the Mediterranean. 



* S'e S7jnopsis. A R, T, O, V, ^, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARtNE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. 



GOE 



381 



GOI 



GoAT'HERD, n. One whose occupation is to tend goats. 

Spenser. 
GoAT'ISH, a. 1. Resembling a goat in any quality j of a 

rank smell. More. 2. Lustful. Shak. 
G5AT-MAR'J0-RAM, n. Goat-beard. 
GoAT'-MILK-ER, n. A kind of owl, so called from suck- 
ing goats. Bailey. 

GoAT'S'-BEARD, n. In botany, a plant of the genus trago- 
pogon. 

GoAT'SKIN, n. The skin of a goat. Pope. 

GoAT'Si-RuE, n. A plant of the genus galega. 

GoAT'S -STONES, n. The greater goat's-stones is the sa- 
tyrium ; the lesser, the orchis. 

GoAT'9-THORN, n. A plant of the genus astragalus. 

GoAT'-SU€K-ER, n. In ornithology, a fowl of the genus 
caprimulgus, so called from the opinion that it would suck 
goats. 

GOB, n. [Fr, gobe ; W gob.] A little mass or collection ; a 
mouthful, [sd low word.] 

GOB'BET, n. [Fr. gobe.] A mouthful ; a lump. 

GOB'BET, V. t. To swallow in large masses or mouthfuls. 
[./3 low word.] L'Estrange. 

f GOB'BET-LY, adv. In pieces. Huloet. 

GOB'BLE, V. t. [Fr. gober.] To swallow in large pieces; to 
swallow hastily. Swift. 

GOB'BLE, V. i. To make a noise in the throat, as a turkey. 
Prior. 

t GOB'BLE-GUT, n. A greedy feeder Sherwood. 

GOB'BLER, n. 1. One who swallows in haste ; a greedy 
eater ; a gormandizer. 2. A name sometimes given to 
the turkey cock. 

GOB'LET, n. [Fr. gobelet.] A kind of cup or drinking ves- 
sel without a handle. 

GOB'LIN, 71. [Fr. gobelin.] 1. An evil spirit 3 a walking 
spirit; a frightful phantom. 2. A fairy ; an elf. 

GOD, n. [Sax. god ; G. gott ; D. god ; Sw. and Dan. gud ; 
Goth, goth, ox gnth.] 1. The Supreme Being ; Jehovah ; 
the Eternal and Infinite Spirit, the Creator, and the Sove- 
reign of the universe. 2. A false god ; a heathen deity ; 
an idol. 3. A prince ; a ruler ; a magistrate or judge ; an 
angel. 4. Any pei-son or thing exalted too much in esti- 
mation, or deified and honored as the chief good. 

tGOD, v_. t. To deify. Shak. 

GOD'CHiLD, n. One for whom a person becomes sponsor at 
baptism, and promises to see educated as a Christian, 

GOD'DAUGH-TER, n. A female for whom one becomes 
sponsor at baptism. 

GOD'DESS, w. I. A female deity ; a heathen deity of the 
female sex. — 2. In the language of love, a woman of su- 
perior charms or excellence. 

GOD'DESS-LiKE, a. Resembling a goddess. 

GOD'FA-THER, n. [Sax. god ajiA fader .] The man who is 
sponsor for a child at baptism. 

GOD'PA-THER, v. t. To act as godfather. Burke. 

GOD'HEAD, (god'hed) n. [god, and Sax. hade.] I.Godship ; 
deity ; divinity ; divine nature or essence. Milton. 2. A 
deity in person ; a god or goddess. 

GOD'LESS, a. 1. Having no reverence for God ; impious ; 
ungodly ; irreligious ; wicked. 2. Atheistical ; having no 
belief in the existence of God. Milton. 

GOD'LESS-NESS, n. The state of being impious. 

GOD'LiKE, a. 1. Resembling God ; divine. 2. Resembling 
a deity, or heathen divinity. 3. Of superior excellence. 

GOD'LI-LY, adv. Piously ; righteously. H. F/harton. 

GOD'LI-NESS, n. 1. Piety ; belief in God, and reverence 
for his character and laws. 2. A religious life. 3. Reve- 
lation ; the system of Christianity. 

GOD'LING, n. A little deity ; a diminutive god, 

GOD'LY, a. [god-like.] 1. Pious ; reverencing God, and 
his character and laws. 2. Living in obedience to God's 
commands ; religious ; righteous. 3. Pious ; conformed 
to God's law. 

GOD'LY, adv. Piously ; righteously, 

(■ GOD'LY-HEAD, n. [Sax. god.&nd head.] Goodness. Spen- 
ser. 

GOD'MoTH-ER, n. [god and mother.] A woman who be- 
comes sponsor for a child in baptism. 

GOD'SHIP, n. Deity ; divinity ; the rank of a god. 

GOD SMITH, n. A maker of idols. Dryden. 

GOD'SoN, n. [Sax. godsunu.] One for whom another has 
been sponsor at the font. 

GOD SPEED, n. Good speed, that is, success. 2 John, 10. 

GOD'S'-PEN-NY. n. An earnest-penny. Beaumont. 

GOD WARD. Toward God. [jln ill-formed word.] 

GOD'WIT, 71. A fowl of the grallic order. 

*GOD'Y?ELD I "'^'"- ^ *^™ of thanks. Shak. 

tGo'EL, a. [Sax. ^ea^ew.] Yellow. Tiisser. 

JGo'EN, part. pret. of go, formerly so written. 

Go'ER, 71. 1. One that goes ; a runner or walker. 2, One 
that transacts business between parties. 3. A foot, 4. A 
term applied to a horse ; as, a good goer. Beaumont. 

fGo'E-TY, 71 [Gr. yo>7r£ta.] Invocation of evil spirits. 



t GOFP, n. [ou. W. gofoL] A foolish clown , also^a game 

See Golf. 
fGOFF'ISH, a. Foolish; stupid. Chaucer. 
GOG, 71, [W. gog. See Agog.] Haste ; ardent desire to 

go. Beaumont. 
GOG'GLE, V. i. [W. gogelu.] To strain or roll the eyes 

Hudibras. 

GOG'GLE, a. Having full eyes ; staring. B. Jonson. 

GOG'GLE, n. A strained or affected rolling of the eye. 

GOG'GLED, a. Prominent ; staring, as the eye. 

GOG'GLE-EYE, n. A rolling or staring eye. 

GOG'GLE-EyED, a. Having prominent, distorted or rolling 
eyes, Ascham. 

GOG'GLES, 71. plu. [W. gogelu.] 1. In surgery, instru- 
ments used to cure squinting, or the distortion of the eyes 
which occasions it. 2. Cylindrical tubes, in which are 
fixed glasses for defending the eyes from cold, dust, &c. 
3. Blinds for horses that are apt to take fright. 

Go'WG, ppr. Moving; walking; traveling; turning; roll- 
ing ; flying ; sailing, &c, 

Go'ING, 71, 1. The act of moving, 2. The act of walking. 
3. Departure. 4. Pregnancy. 5. Procedure ; way ; course 
of life; beliavior; deportment. 6. Procedure; course of 
providential agency or government. 

GOI'TRE, \ n. [Fr. goitre.] The bronchocele ; a large tu 

GOIT'BR, \ mor that forms gradually on the human 
throat between the trachea and the skin. 

GOIT'ROUS, a. [Fr, gottreux.] 1, Pertaining to the goitre ; 
partaking of the nature of bronchocele, 2. Affected w-ith 
bronchocele. 

Go'LA, n. In architecture, the same as cymatium. 

*GoLD, n. [Sax., G. gold.] 1. A precious metal of a 
bright yellow color, the most ductile and malleable of 
all the metals, and the heaviest except platina. 2. Money. 

3. Something pleasing or valuable. 4. A bright yeilov/ 
color. 5. Riches ; wealth. — Gold of pleasure, a plant of 
the genus myagrum. 

Gold, a. Made of gold ; consisting of gold. 

GoLD'BeAT-EN, a. Gilded. [Little tised.] 

GoLD'BeAT-ER, n. One whose occupation is to beat or 
foliate gold for gilding. Boyle. — Ooldbeater''s skin, the in- 
testinum rectum of an ox, which goldbeaters lay between 
the leaves of the metal while they beat it, whereby the 
membrane is reduced very thin, and made fit to be appli- 
ed to cuts and fresh wounds. 

GoLD'BOUND, a. Encompassed with gold. Shak. 

Gold CoAST, 71. in geography, a part of the coast of 
Guinea, in Africa, where gold is found. 

GoLD'EN, (gol'dn) a. 1. Made of gold ; consisting of gold 
2. Bright ; shining ; splendid. 3, Yellow ; of a gold color 

4, Excellent ; most valuable, 5. Happy ; pure ; as, the 
golden age. 6. Preeminently favorable or auspicious.— 
Golden number, in chronology, a number showing the 
year of the moon's cycle, — Golden rule, in arithmetic, the 
rule of three, or rule of proporti-on, 

GoLD'EN-CUPS, n. A plant, the ranunculus. 

GoLD'EN-LUNG'-WORT, n. A plant. 

fGoLD'EN-LY, adv. Splendidly; delightfully. Shak. 

GoLD'EN-MaID'EN-HAIR, n. A plant. 

GoLD'EN-MOUSE'-eAR, 71. A plant. 

GoLD'EN-ROD, n. A plant, the solidago. 

GoLD'EN-ROD'-TREE, n. A plant, the bosea. 

GoLD'EN-SAM'PHIRE, n. A plant. 

GoLD'EN-SAX'I-FRAGE, 71, A plant. 

GoLD'EN-THIS'TLE, n. A plant. 

GoLD'FINCH, n. [Sax, goldfinc] The fr in gill a cardaelis, 
a bird so named from the color of its wings. 

GoLD'-FTND-ER, n. One who finds gold ; one who emp- 
ties jakes. [JYot much lis ed.] Swift. 

^OLD'FISH, or GoLD'EN-FISH, n. A fish of the genus cy 
prinus, of the size of a pilchard. 

GoLD'-HAM-MER, n. A kind of bird. Diet. 

GoLD'-HlLT-ED, a. Having a golden hilt. 

GoLD'ING, 7?. A sort of apple. Dici. 

GoLD'LACE, n. A lace wrought with gold. 

GoLDLaCED, a. Trimmed Vv^ith gold lace. 

GoLD'LeAF, n. Gold beaten into a thin leaf. 

GoLD'NEY, n. A fish, the gi.lthead. Diet. 

GoLD'-PLEAS-URE, for gold of pleasure, a plant. 

GoLD'-PROOF, a. Proof against bribery 

GoLD'-SIZE, n. A size or glue for burnishing gilding 

GoLD'SMITH, n. 1. An artisan who manufactures vessels 
and ornaments of gold and silver, 2. A banker, 

GoLD'THREAD, n.' 1. A thread formed of flatted gold laid 
over a thread of silk. 2. A plant, the helleborus trifolius, 
so called from its fibrous yellow roots. U. States. 

GoLD'WIRE, n. An ingot of silver, superficially covered 
with gold, and drawn through small holes, 

GoLD'Y-LOCKS, n. A name given to certain plants. 

GOLF, n. [D, kolf.] A game with ball and bat, in which 
he who drives the ball into a hole with the fewest strokes 
is the winner. 

fGOLL, 71. [Gr. yv'a\ov.] Hands; paws; claws. 



See Synopsis- MOVE, BQQK, D6VE —BULL. UNITE — € as K : 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolett 



GOO 



382 



GOR 



GO-LoE'~SHCE, 71. An over-shoe ; a shoe worn over an- 
othej to keep the foot dry. 

GO-LoRE', 71. [Irish, gleire.] Abundance. 

fGOM, n. [Sax. gum ; Goth, guma.] A man. 

t Go MAN, ?i. A man. Whiter. 

GOME, s. The black grease of a cart-wheel, probably a cor- 
ruption of coom. 

GOM-PHo'SIS, n. [Gr. yo^^wo-tf.] A particular form of ar- 
ticulation ; the connection of a tooth to its socket. Wise- 
man. 

GOIS'DO-LA, 71. [It. j Fr. gondole.] A flat-bottomed boat, 
very long and narrow, used at Venice in Italy, on the ca- 
nals. 

GON-DO-LIkR', n. A man who rows a gondola. 

GONE, {pronounced, nearly, gawn.) pp. of go. 1. Departed. 
2. Advanced ; forward in progress. 3. Ruined ; undone. 
4. Past ; sometimes with iy. 5. Lost. 6. Departed from 
life ; deceased ; dead. 

fGON'FA-LON, / 71. [^oTi/aTioTz, Chaucer ; Fr. gonfalon.] 

J GON'FA-NON, \_ An ensign or standard ; colors. 

t GON-FAL-O-NIeR', 71. A chief standard-bearer. 

GONG, 71. [Sax. gang.] 1. A privy or jakes ; [obs.] Chau- 
cer. 2. An instmment made of brass, of a circular form, 
which the Asiatics strike with a wooden mallet. Todd. 

GO-NI-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. ywvia and [lerpov.] An instru- 
ment for measuring solid angles. 

GO-NI-0-MET'RI-€AL, a. Pertaining to a goniometer. 

GON-OR-RHe'A, n. [Gr. yovos and ptu).] A morbid dis- 
charge in venereal complaints. 

(JOOD, a. [Sax. god, or good ; Goth, goda, ^ods, gotli ; G. 
giit ; D. goed ; Sw. and Dan. god.] 1. Valid; legally 
firm ; not weak or defective. 2. Valid ; sound ; not 
weak, false or fallacious. 3. Complete or sufficiently 
perfect in its kind ; having the physical qualities best 
adapted to its design and use ; opposed to bad, imperfect, 
corrupted, impaired. 4. Having moral qualities best adapt- 
ed to its design and use, or the qualities which God's law 
requires ; virtuous ; pious ; religious. 5. Conformable to 
the moral law ; virtuous. 6. Proper ; fit ; convenient ; 
seasonable ; well adapted to the end. 7. Convenient ; 
useful ; expedient ; conducive to happiness. 8. Sound ; 
perfect; uncorrupted ; undamaged. 9. Suitable to the 
taste or to health ; wholesome ; salubrious ; palatable ; 
n<..» disagreeable or noxious. 10. Suited to produce a sal- 
utary effect ; adapted to abate or cure ; medicinal ; salu- 
tary ; beneficial. 11. Suited to strengthen or assist the 
healthful functions. 12. Pleasant to the taste. 13. Full ; 
complete. 14. Useful; valuable; having qualities or a 
tendency to produce a good effect. 15. Equal ; adequate ; 
competent. 16. Favorable ; convenient for any purpose. 
17. Convenient ; suitable ; safe. 18. Well qualified ; able ; 
skillful. 19. Ready ; dextrous. 20. Kind ; benevolent ; 
affectionate. 21. Kind; affectionate; faithful. 22. Pro- 
motive of happiness ; pleasant ; agreeable ; cheering ; 
gratifying. 23. Pleasant or prosperous. 24. Honorable ; 
fair ; unblemished ; unimpeached. 25. Cheerful ; favor- 
able to happiness. 26. Great or considerable ; not small 
nor very great. 27. Elegant ; polite. 28. Real ; serious ; 
not feigned. 29. Ki-nd ; favorable ; benevolent ; humane. 
30. Benevolent; merciful; gracious. 31. Seasonable; 
commendable ; proper. 32. Pleasant ; cheerful ; festive. 
33. Companionable ; social ; merry. 34. Brave , in fa- 
miliar language. 35. In the phrases, the good man, ap- 
plied to the master of the house, and good woman, appli- 
ed to the mistress, good sometim'es expresses a moderate 
degree of respect, and sometimes slight contempt. 36. 
The phrase good will is equivalent to benevolence ; but 
it signifies, also, an earnest desire, or a hearty wish. 37. 
Comely ; handsome ; well formed. 38. Mild ; pleasant. 
39. Mild : calm ; not irritable. 40. Kind ; friendly ; hu- 
mane 

Good aamce, wise and prudent counsel. — Good heed, great 
care ; due caution. — In good sooth, in good truth ; in real- 
ity ; [obs.]— To make good. 1. To perform ; to fulfill. 2. To 
confiiTn or establish ; to prove ; to verify. 3. To supply de- 
ficiency ; to make up a defect or loss. 4. To indemnify ; to 
give an equivalent for damages. 5. To maintain ; to carry 
into effect. — To stand good, to be firm or valid. — To think 
good, to see good, is to be pleased or satisfied ; to think to 
bs expedient. — As good as, equally ; no better than ; the 
same as. — As good as his word, equaling in fulfillment 
what was promised ; perfonning to the extent. 

GOOD, 71. 1. That which contributes to diminish or remove 
pain, or to increase happiness or prosperity ; benefit ; ad- 
vantage. 2. Welfare ; prosperity ; advancement of inter- 
est or happiness. 3. Spiritual advantage or improvement. 
4. Earnest ; not jest. 5. Moral works. 6. Moral quali- 
ties ; virtue ; righteousness. 7. The best fruits ; richness ; 
abundance. 

f GOOD, V. t. To manure. Hall. 

GOOD, adv. As good, as well ; with equal advantage ; as, 
had you not as good (in America, as goods) go with me ? 

GOOD, i7,terj. Well ! right ! 



GOOD-BREED'ING. 71. Polite manner?, formed by a good 
education ; a polite education. 

GOOD-BY. See By. 

GOOD-CON-Di"TIONED, a. Being in a good state ; hav- 
ing good qualities or favorable symptoms. 

t GOOD'DEN, adv. A form of wishing ; a contraction of 
good-dayen, the Saxon plural of day. 

GOOD-FEL'LoW, n. A jolly companion. 

GOOD-FEL'LoW, v. t. To make a jolly companion ; to 
besot. [Little used.] 

GOOD-FEL'LoW-SHIP, 7i. Merry society. 

GOOD-FRi'DAY, n. A fast of the Christian church, in 
memoryof our Savior's sufferings. 

GOOD-Hu'MOR, 71. A cheerful temper or state of mind. 

GOOD-Hu'MORED, a. Being of a cheerful temper. 

GOOD-Hu'MORED-LY, adv. With a cheerful temper; in 
a cheerful way. 

GOOD^ING, 71. A custom by women only, who ask alms, 
and in return wish all that is good. 

GOOD-MAN'NERS, n. Propriety of behavior; politeness ; 
decorum. 

GOOD-NaT'URE, 71. Natural mildness and kindness of 
disposition. 

GOOD-NaT'URED, a. Naturally mild in temper ; not easi- 
ly provoked. 

GOOD-NaT'URED-LY, atZw. With mildness of temper. 

GOOD- NOW. 1. An exclamation of wonder or surprise 
2.' An exclamation of entreaty ; [not used.] Shak. 

GOOD'-SPEED, 71. Good success. See Speed. 

GOOD'-WIFE, 71. The mistress of a family. Burto7i 

GOOD -WILL, n. Benevolence. 

GOOD-WOM'AN, v. The mistress of a family. 

t GOOD'LESS, a. Having no goods. Chaucer. 

GOOD'LI-NESS, n. Beauty of form ; grace; elegance. 

GOOD'LY, adv. Excellently. Spenser. 

GOOD'LY, a. 1. Being of a handsome form ; beautiful ; 
graceful. 2. Pleasant ; agreeable ; desirable. 3. Bulky 
swelling ; affectedly turgid ; [obs.] 

t GOOD'LY-HEAD, 71. Goodness; grace. Spenser. 

GOODMAN, n. 1. A familiar appellation of civility; 
sometimes used ironically. 2. A rustic term of compli- 
ment. 3. A familiar appellation of a husband ; also, the 
master of a family. 

GOOD'NESS, 71. 1. The state of being good ; the physical 
qualities which constitute value, excellence or perfection. 
2. The moral quahties which constitute Christian excel- 
lence ; moral virtue ; religion. 3. Kindness ; benevolence ; 
benignity of heart ; but more generally, acts of kindness ; 
charity ; humanity exercised. 4. Kindness ; benevolence 
of nature ; mercy. 5. Kindness ; favor shown ; acts of 
benevolence, compassion or mercy. 

GOODS, 71. pill. 1. Movables ; household furniture. 2. 
Personal or movable estate. 3. Wares ; merchandise ; 
commodities bought and sold by merchants and traders. 

t GOOD'SHIP, n. Favor ; grace. 

GOOD'Y, n. [qyiL. goodwife.] A low term of civility. 

GOOD'Y-SHIP, n. The state or quality of a goody. 

GOOG'INGS, or GOOD'INGS, n. In seamen^s language, 
clamps of iron bolted on the stern-post of a ship, whereon 
to hang the rudder. 

GOOS'AN-DER, 7i. A migratory fowl. 

GOOSE, (goos) 71. ,• plu. Geese. [Sax. gos.] 1. A well- 
known aquatic fowl of the genus anas ,• but the domestic 
goose lives chiefly on land, and feeds on grass. 2. A 
tailor's smoothing iron. 

GOOSE'BER-RY, (goos'ber-^-y) n. [D. kruisbes ; L. grossula. 
The English word is undoubtedly corrupted from cross- 
berry, grossberry, or gorseberry.] The fruit of a shrub, 
and the shrub itself, the ribes grossularia. 

GOOSE'GAP, (goos'kap) n. A silly person. Beaumont. 

GOOSE'FOOT, (goos'fut) n. A plant. 

GOOSE'GRASS, (goos'grass) n. A plant. 

GOOSE'NECK, (goos'lieck) n. In a sAip, a piece of iron fixed 
on one end of the tiller. 

GOOSE'Q,UILL, (goos'quil) n. The large feather or quill of 
a goose ; or a pen made with it. 

GOOSE'TONGUE, (goos'tung) n. A plant. 

GOOSE'WING, (goos'wing) n. In seamen^s language, a sail 
set on a boom on the lee side of a ship. 

fGOP'PISH, a. Proud ; pettish. Ray. 

GOR -BEL-LIED, a. Big-bellied. Shak. 

t GOR'-BEL-LY, n. A prominent belly. 

f GORGE, n. [Norm. Fi. gors.] A pool of water to keep 
fish in ; a wear. 

GOR '-COCK, n. The moor-cock, red-grouse. 

GOR'-CRoW, 7?,. The carrion-crow. Johnson. 

GORD, 7?. An instrument of gaming. 

GORD'I-AN, a. Intricate. — Gordian knot, in antiquity, a 
knot in the leather or harness of Gordius, a king of 
Phrygia, so very intricate, that there was no finding 
where it began or ended. 

GORE, n. [Sax. gor.] 1. Blood ; but generally, thick O! 
clotted blood. 2. Dirt ; mud ; [unvsuo^ ] 



See Synopsis. A, K, T, O, tj, Y, ;o7i^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



GOS 



383 



GOV 



GORE, n. [Scot, gore, or gair.'j 1. A wedge-shaped or tri- 
angular piece of cloth sewed into a garment lo widen it in 
any part. 2. A slip or triangular piece of land. — 3. In 
heraldry, an abatement denoting a coward. 

GORE, V. t. [W.gyru.] 1. To stab; to pierce; to pene- 
trate with a pointed instrument, as a spear. 2. To pierce 
with the point of a horn. 

GoRED, pp. Stabbed; pierced with a pointed instru- 
ment. 

GOR6E, (gorj) n. [Fr. gorge; It. gorga.] 1. The throat ; 
the gullet ; the canal of the neck by which food passes to 



the stomach. — 2. In architecture, the narrowest part of 
the Tuscan and Doric capitals.^3. In fortification, the 
entrance of the platform of any work. 4. That which is 
gorged or swallowed. 

GOR6E, (gorj) v. t. 1. To swallow ; to swallow with 
greediness. 2. To glut ; to fill the throat or stomach ; to 
satiate. 

G0R6E, V. i. To feed. Milton. 

G0R6ED, pp. Swallowed ; glutted. 

G0R6ED, a. 1. Having a gorge or throat.— 2. In heraldry, 
bearing a crown or the like about the neck. 

GOR'GEOUS, a. Showy ; fine ; splendid ; glittering with 
gay colors. 

GOR'GEOUS-LY, adv. With showy magnificence ; splen- 
didly; finely. 

GOR'GEOUS-NESS, n. Show of dress or ornament ; splen- 
dor of raiment. 

GOR'GET, n. [Fr. gorgeUe.] 1. A'piece of armor for de- 
fending the throat or neck ; a kind of breast-plate like a 
half moon. 2. Formerly, a ruff worn by females. — 3. In 
suf'gery, gorget, or gorgeret, is a cutting instrument used 
in lithotomy. 

GOR'GING, ppr. Swallowing ; eating greedily ; glutting. 

COR'GON, 11. [Gr.] 1. A fabled monster of terrific aspect, 
the sight of which turned the beholder to stone. 2. Any 
thing very ugly or horrid. 

GOR'GON, a. Like a gorgon ; very ugly or terrific. 

GOR-Go'NE-AN, ) a. Like a gorgon ; pertaining to gor- 

GOR-GO'NI-AN, \ gons. Milton. 

GOR'-HEN, 71. The female of the gor-cock. . 

GoR'ING,ppr. [from o-ore.] Stabbing; piercing. 

GoR'ING, n. A pricking ; puncture. Dryden. 

GOR'MAND, ) V. [Fr. gourmand ; W. gor7nant.] A 

GOR'MAND-ER, ) greedy or ravenous eater ; a g ut- 
ton. 

GOR'MAN-DTZE, v. i. To eat greedily ; to swallow vora- 
ciously. Shak. 

t GOR'MAN-DiZE, n. Voraciousness. 

GOR'MA N-DlZ-ER, n. A greedy, voracious eater. 

GOR'MAN-DlZ-ING, ppr. Eating greedily and voraciously. 

GORSE, ) n. [Sax. gorst.] Furz, or whin, a thick, prickly 

GORSS, \ shrub, of the genus ulex. 

GoR'Y, a. 1. Covered with congealed or clotted blood. 2. 
Bloody; murderous. Shak. 

GOS'HAWK, 71. [Sax. goshafoc] A voracious fowl. 

GOS'LiNG, 71. [Sax. gos and ling.] 1. A young goose; a 
goose not full grown. 2. A catkin on nut-trees and 
pines. 

GOS'PEL, n. [Sax. godspell ; god, good, and spell, history.] 

1. The history of the birth, life, actions, death, resunec- 
tion, ascension and doctrines of Jesus Christ ; or a revela- 
tion of the grace of God to fallen man through a Mediator. 

2. God's word. 3. Divinity ; theology. 4. Any general 
doctrine. 

GOSTEL, V. t. To instruct in the gospel ; or to fill with 

sentiments of religion. Shak. 
GOS'PEL-GOS-SIP, n. One who is over-zealous in running 

about among his neighbors to lecture on religious subjects. 

Jiddison. 
GOS'PEL-LA-RY, a. Theological. The Cloak in its Colors. 
GOS'PEL-iZE, V. t. 1. To form according to the gospel. 

Milton. _2. To instruct in the sospel ; to evangelize. 
GOS'PEL-lZED, j}p Instructed m the Christian religion. 
GOS'PEL-lZ-ING, ppr. Evangelizing ; instructing in the 

Christian religion. E. Stiles. 
GOS'PEL-LER, n. 1. An evangelist ; also, a follower of 

Wickliffe. 2. He who reads the Gospel at the altar. 
GOSS, 71. A kind of low furz or gors. Shak. 
GOS'SA-MER, 71. [L. ffossipiam.] A fine, filmy substance, 

like cobwebs, floating in the air, in calm, clear weather, 

especially in autumn. 
GOS'SA-MER-Y, a. Like gossamer ; flimsy ; unsubstantial. 

Pursuits of Literature. 
GOS'SIP, 71. [Sax. ^odsihb.] 1. A sponsor ; one who an- 
swers for a child in baptism ; a godfather ; [o&s.] 2. A 

tippling companion. 3. One who runs from house to 

house, tattling and telling news ; an idle tattler. 4. A 

friend or neighbor ; {ohs.'] 5. Mere tattle ; idle talk. 
GOS'SIP, V. i. 1. To prate ; to chat ; to talk much. 2. To 

be a pot-companion. 3. To run about and tattle ; to tell 

idle tales. 
GOS'SIP-ING, ppr. Prating; chatting; running from place 

to place and tattling. 



GOS'SIP-ING , n. A prating ; a running about to collect taled 
and tattle. 

t GOS'SIP-RED, n. Compaternity ; spiritual affinity, for 
which a juror might be challenged. 

t GOS-SOON', 71. [Fr. gargon.} A boy ; a sei-vant. 

GOS'TING, 71. An herb. Ainsworth. 

GOT, pret. of get. The old preterit gat, pronounced g-o? , is 
nearly obsolete. 

GOT, and GOT'TEN,;)p. of get. 

GOTE, 71. A water passage ; a channel for water. Grose. 

GOTH, 71. 1. One of an ancient and distinguished tribe or 
nation, which inhabited Scandinavia. 2. One rude or 
uncivilized ; a barbarian. 3. A rude, ignorant person. 

Go'THAM-IST, n. A person deficient in wisdom, so called 
from Gotham in Nottinghamshire, noted for some pleas- 
ant blunders. Bp. Morton. 

GOTH'IC, a. 1. Pertaining to the Goths. 2. Rude; 'an- 
cient. 3. Barbarous. 

GOTH'IO, n. The language of the Goths. 

GOTH'I-CISM, 71. 1. Rudeness of manners ; barbarousness. 
2. A Gothic idiom. 3. Conformity to the, Gothic style of 
building. 

GOTH'I-CiZE, V. t. To make Gothic ; to bring back to bar- 
barism. Strutt. 

\ GOUD, ti. Woad. 

* GOUGE, (gouj) 71. [Fr. gouge.] A round, hollow chisel, 
used to cut holes, channels or grooves in wood or stone. 
Moxon. 

GOUGE, (gouj) V. t. 1. To scoop out with a gouge. 2. To 
force out the eye of a person with the thumb or finger ; a 
barbarous practice. 

GOU'JEERS, 71. [Fr. gouge, a camp trull.] The French 
disease. Shak. 

GOUL'AND, 71. A plant or flower. B. Jonson. 

GOUL'ARD'S EX'TRACT. [So called from fhe inventor.] 
A saturated solution of the subacetate of lead, used as a 
remedy for inflammation. 

*GoURD, n. |Fr. courge.] A plant and its fruit. 

GoURD'I-NESS, n. A swelling on a horse's leg. 

GoURD'Y, a. Swelled in the legs. 

GoURD'-TREE, n. A tree, the crescentia 

GOUR'MAND. See Gcrmand. 

GOUR'NET, n. A fish. 

GOUT, 71. [Fr. goutte.} 1. The artAT^fris, a painful disease 
of the small joints, but sometimes affecting the stomach. 
It is often periodical or intermitting. 2. A drop ; [not 
iised.] 

GOUT, (goo) 7?.. [Fr., fram L. gustus.] Taste ; relish. 

GOUT'I-NESS, 71. The state of being subject to the gout ; 
gouty affections. 

GOUT'SWELLED, a. Swelled with the gout. 

GOUT'WoRT, n. A plant, the -Bgopodium- 

GOUT'Y, a. 1. Diseased with the gout, or subject to the 
gout. 2. Pertaining to the gout. 3. Swelled ; boggy ; 
[obs.] 

GOVE, 71. A mow. Tusser. 

GOVE, V. t. To mow ; to put in a gove, goff or mow. 
Tusser. 

GOVERN, V. t. [Fr. gouverner.] 1. To direct and control, 
as the actions or conduct of men ; to regulate by authori- 
ty ; tokeepw'thin the limits prescribed. 2. To regulate; 
to influence ; to direct. 3. To control ; to restrain ; to 
keep in due subjection. 4. To direct ; to steer ; to regu- 
late the course or motion of a ship. — 5. In grammar, to 
require to be in a particular case. 

GoV'ERN, V. i. 1. To exercise authority ; to administer the 
laws. 2. To maintain the superiority ; to have the 
control. 

GoV'ERN- A-BLE, a. That may be governed, or subjected 
to authority ; controllable ; manageable ; obedient ; sub- 
missive to law or rule. Locke. 

GoV'ERN-ANCE, n. Government ; exercise of authority ; 
direction ; control ; management. Shak. 

GoV'ERN-ANT, n. [Fr. gouvernante.] A lady who has 
the care and management of young females ; a govern- 
ess. 

Governed, pp. Directed; regulated by authority ; con- 
trolled ; managed ; influenced ; restrained. 

GoV'ERN-ESS, 7!. A female invested with authority to 
control and direct ; a tutoress ; an instructress ; a woman 
who has the care of instructing and directing young la- 
dies. 

GoV'ERN-ING, ppr. 1. Directing ; controlling ; regulating 
by laws or edicts; managing; influencing; restraining 
2. a. Holding the superiority ; prevalent. 3. Directing , 
controlling ; as, a governing motive. 

GoV'ERN-MENT, 7;. 1. Direction ; regulation. 2 Con- 
trol ; restraint. 3. The exercise of authority ; direction 
and restraint exercised over the actions of men ; the ad- 
ministration of public affairs. 4. The exercise of authority 
by a parent or householder. 5. The system of polity in a 
state ; that form of fundamental rules and principles by 
which a nation or state is governed. 6. An empire, king- 
dom or state ; any tc3rritory over which the right of sove- 



• See Synopsis. M5VE, BOOK, DO VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CII as SH • TH as in this, f Obsolete 



GRA 



384 



GRA 



reignty is extended. 7. The right of governing or admin- 
istering the laws. 8. The persons or council which ad- 
minister the laws of a kingdom or state j executive power. 
9. Manageableness ; compliance; obsequiousness. 10. 
Regularity of behavior; [obs.] 11. Management of the 
limbs or body ; [obs.] — 12. In grammar, the influence of 
a word in regard to construction, as when established 
usage requires that one word should cause another to be 
in a particular case or mode. 

G6V-EKN-MENT'AL, a. Pertaining to government; made 
by government. Hamilton. 

G6V'ERN-0R, n. 1. He that governs, rules or directs; one 
invested with supreme authority. 2. One who is invest- 
ed with supreme authority to administer or enforce the 
laws. 3. A tutor ; one who has ihe care of a young man. 
4. A pilot ; one who steers a ship. 5. One possessing del- 
egated authority. 

G6V'ERN-OR-SHIP, n. The office of a governor. 

GOW'AN, n. A plant, a species of bellis or daisy. 

GOWD, n. A gaud; a toy. 

GOWIC. See Gawk, 

1;G0WK,v,t. Tostupify. B. Johnson. 

t GOWL, V. i. [Icel. goela.l To howl. Wickliffe. 

GOWN, n. [W. g-ww.J 1. A woman's upper garment. 2. 
A long loose, upper, garmert or robe, worn by professional 
men. 3. A long, loose, upper garment, worn in sickness, 
&;c. 4. The dress of peace, or the civil magistracy. 

GOWNED, a. Dressed in a gown. Dryden. 

GO WN'MAN, 71. 1. One whose professional habit is a gown. 

2. One devoted to the arts of peace. Rowe. 

GOZ ZARD, n. [a corruption of gooseherd.] One who at- 
tends geese 

G riAB, 71. A vessel used on the Malabar coast, having two 
or three masts. Diet. 

GRAB. V. t. [Dan. greb.] To seize ; to gripe suddenly. 

i Vulgar.] 
AB'BLE, V. i. [dim. of grab ; D. grabbelen.] 1. To 
grope ; to feel with the hands. 2. To lie prostrate on the 
belly ; to sprawl. 
GRAB'BLING , ppr. Groping; feeling along ; sprawling. 
GRACE, ?i. [Fr. grace; It. gratia; S^. gracia.] 1. Favor; 
gocd-will ; kindness ; disposition to oblige another. 2. 
Appropriately, the free, unmerited love and favor of God. 

3. Favorable influence of God ; divine influence. 4. The 
application of Christ's righteousness to the sinner. 5. A 
state of reconciliation to God. 6. Virtuous or religious 
affection ur disposition. 7. Spiritual instruction, improve- 
men; and edification. 8. Apostleship, or the qualifications 
of an apostle. 9. Eternal life ; final salvation. 10. Favor ; 
mercy; pardon. 11. Favor confen-ed. ID. Privilege. 
13. That, in manner, deportment or language, which ren- 
ders it appropriate and agreeable \, suitableness ; elegance 
with ^p;^Topriate dignity. 14. Natural or acquired excel- 
lence. 15. Beauty; embellishment; in general , wh.s.tever 
adorns and recommends to favor; sometimes, a single 
beauty. 16. Beauty deified ; among pagans, a goddess. 
17. Virtue physical, [not used.] 18. The title of a duke 
or an archbishop, and formerly of the king of England, 
meaning your goodness or clemency. 19. A short prayer 
before or after meat. — 20. In music, graces signifies turns, 
trills and shakes introduced for embellishment. — Day of 
grace, m theology, time of probation. — Days of grace, in 
commerce, the days immediately following the day when 
a bill or note becomes due, which days are allowed to the 
debtor or payor to make payment in. 

GRACE, V. t. 1. To adorn ; to decorate ; to embellish and 
dignify. 2. To dignify or raise by an act of favor ; to 
honor. 3 To favor ; to honor. 4. To supply with heaven- 
ly grace. 

GRaCE'CUP, n. The cup or health drank after grace. Prior. 

GRACED;;;^. 1. Adorned ; embellished ; exalted ; dignified ; 
honored. 2. a. Beautiful ; graceful ; [obs.] 3. Virtuous ; 
■ regular ; chaste ; [obs.] 

GRaCE'FUL, a. Beautiful with dignity ; elegant ; agreea- 
ble in appearance, with an expression of dignity or eleva- 
tion of mind or manner. 

GRaCE'FUL-LY, ady. With a pleasing dignity ; elegantly; 
with a natural ease and propriety. 

GRaCE'FUL-NESS, 71. Elegance "of manner or deportment ; 
beauty with dignity in manner, motion or countenance. 

GRaCE'LESS, a. Void of grace ; coiTupt ; depraved ; un- 
regenerale ; unsanctified. 

GRaCE'LESS-LY, adv. Without grace. 

GRaCE'LESS-NESS, 71. Want of grace ; profligacy. Dr. 
Favour. 

GRa'CES, 71. Oood graces, favor ; friendship. 

t GRAC'ILE, a. fL. gracilis.] Slender. 

r '];RAC'I-LENT,- a. [L. gracilentus.] Lean. Diet. 

t GRA-CIL'I-TY, 71. Slenderness. 

GRa'CIOUS, a. [Fr. gracieuz ; L. gratiosus.] 1. Favora- 
ble ; kind ; friendly. 2. Favorable ; kind ; benevolent ; 
merciful ; disposed to forgive offenses and impart unmerit- 
ed blessings. 3. Favorable ; expressing kindness and 
favor. 4. Proceeding from divine grace. 5. Accepta- 



ble ; favored. 6. Renewed or implanted by grace. 7. 
Virtuous ; good. 8. Excellent ; graceful ; becoming ; [obs. \ 

GRa'CIOUS-I.Y, adv. 1. Kindly ; favorably ; in a friendly 
manner; with kind condescension. 2. In a pleasing 
manner. 

GRa'CIOUS-NESS, n. 1. Kind condescension. 2. Posses- 
sion of graces or good qualities. 3. Pleasing manner. 4. 
Mercifulness. 

GRA0KLE, n. [L. gracvlus.] A genus of birds. 

GRA-Da'TION, n. [L. gradatio ; Fr. gradation.] 1. A se- 
ries of ascending steps or degrees, or a proceeding step by 
step ; hence, progress from one degree or state to another; 
a regular advance from step to step, 2. A degree in any 
order or series. 3. Order ; series ; regular process by de- 
grees or steps. 

GRAD'A-TO-RY, a. Proceeding step by step. Seward. 

GRAD'A-TO-RY, n. Steps from the cloisters into.the church. 
Ainsworth. 

GRADE, 71. [Sax. grade, grad; Fi. grade; Sp., It. grado ; 
from L, gradus.] 1, A degree or rank in order or dignity, 
civil, military or ecclesiastical. Si?- TV. Scott. R. Southey. 
2. A step or degree in any ascending series. S. S. Smith 

GRaDE'LY, adv. Well; handsomely; decently; orderly. 
Craven dialect. 

GRADE'LY, a. Decent ; orderly. Cheshire. 

GRa'DI-ENT, a. [li. gradiens.] Moving by steps; walk- 
ing. Wilkins. 

GRAD'U-AL, a. [Fr. graduel.] 1. Proceeding by steps or 
degrees ; advancing step by step ; passing from one step to 
anotlier ; regular and slow. 2. Proceeding by degrees in 
a descending line or progress. 

GRAD'U-AL, 71. 1. An order of steps. Dryden. 2. A grail; 
an ancient book of hymns and prayers. Todd. 

GRAD'U-AL-LY, <z(Z?j. 1, By degrees; step by step ; regu- 
larly ; slowly. 2. In degree ; [not used.] 

t GRAD-U-AL'I-TY, 7?,, Regular progrossion. Brown. 

GRAD'U-ATE, v. t. [It. graduare.] 1. To honor with a 
degree or diploma, in a college or university ; to confer a 
degree on, 2. To mark with degrees, regular intervals, 
or divisions. 3. To form shades or nice diflerences, 4. To 
raise to a higher place in the scale of metals, 5, To ad- 
vance by degrees ; to improve. 6. To temper ; to prepare. 
7. To mark degrees or differences of any kind, — 8, In 
chemistry, to bring fluids to a certain degree of consistency. 

GRAD'U-ATE, v. i. 1. To receive a degree from a college or 
university. Gilpin. 2. To pass by degrees; to change 
gradually. Kirwan. 

GRAD'U-ATE, ?;, One who has received a degree in a col- 
lege or university, or from some professional incorporated 
societv. 

GRAD'U-A-TED, jjp. 1. Honored with a degree or diploma 
from some learned society or college. 2. Marked with 
degrees or regular intervals ; tempered. 

GRAD'U-ATE-SHIP, n. The state of a graduate. 

GRAD'U-A-TING, ppr. Honoring with a degree ; marking 
with degrees. 

GRAD-U-a'TION, 71. 1. Regular progression by succession 
of degrees. 2. Improvement ; exaltation of qualities. 3 
The act of conferring or receiving academical degrees 
4. The act of marking with degrees. 5. The process of 
bringing a liquid to a certain consistence by evaporation. 

GRAD'U-A-TOR, n. An instrument for dividing any line 
right or curve, into equal parts. Journ. of Science. 

GRAFF, n. [See Gkave.] A ditch or moat. Clarendon. 

t GRAFF, superseded by graft. 

GRAFT, n. [Fr. greffe.] A small shoot or cion of a tree, 
inserted in another tree as the stock which is to support 
and. nourish it. 

GRAFT, V. t. [Fr, greffer.] 1. To insert a cion or shoot, 
or a small cutting of it, into another tree. 2. To propa- 
gate by insertion or inoculation. 3. To insert in a body 
to wliicli it did not originally belong. 4. To impregnate 
with a foreign branch. 5, To join one thing to another so 
as to receive support from it. 

GRAFT, «. i. To practice the insertion of foreign cions on 
a stock. 

GRAFT 'FT), pp. Inserted on a foreign stock. 

GRaFT'ER, 7?, One who inserts cions on foreign stocks, or 
propagates fruit by ingrafting. 

GRaFT'ING, ppr. Inserting cions on different stocks. 

GRAIL, 71. [ L. graduate.] A book of ofl^ces in the Romish 
church. Warton. 

GRAIL, n. [Fr. grele.] Small particles of any kind. 

GRAIN, 7i, [Fr, grain; L. granum.] 1. Any small hard 
mass, 2, A single seed or hard seed of a plant, particularly 
of those kinds whose seeds are used for food of man or 
beast. 3. Grain, without a definitive, signifies corn in 
general, as wheat, rye, barley, oats and maize, 4, A mi- 
nute particle. 5. A small weight, or the smallest weight 
ordinarily used, being the twentieth part of the scruple in 
apothecaries' weight, and the twenty-fomth of a penny- 
weight troy. 6. A component part of stones and metals. 

7. The veins or fibres of wood or other fibrous substance. 

8. The body oi substance of wood as modified by tlie fibres. 



* See Synopsis. K, K. I, 5, U, Y, long.—FkR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD :— f Obsolete. 



GRA 



.385 



GRA 



9. The body or substance of a thing, considered with re- 
spect to the size, form or direction of the constituent parti- 
cles. 10. Any thing proverbially small; a very small 
particle or portion. 11. Dyed or stained substance. 12 
The direction of the fibres of wood or other fibrous sub- 
stance. 13. The heart or 'emper. 14. The form of the 
surface of any thing, with respect to smoothness or rough- 
ness ; state of the grit of any body composed of grains. 
15, A tine, prong or spilte.— ^ grain of allowance, a small 
allowance or indulgence. Watts. — To dye in grain, is to 
dye in the raw material. 

t GKAIN, V. i. To yield fruit Gower. 

f GRAIN, or GRANE, for groan. 

GRAINED, a. 1. Rough ; made less smooth. Shak. 2. Dyed 
in^ grain; ingrained. Brown. 

GRaIN'ER, 71. A lixivium obtained by infusing pigeon's 
dung in water ; used by tanners. Ure, 

GRAINING, n. 1. Indentation, 2. A fish. 

GRAINS, n. [in the pluraLj The husks or remains of malt 
after brewing, or of any grain after distillation. — Grains 
of paradise, an Indian spice. 

GRaIN'STAFF, n. A quarter-staff. 

GRaIN'Y, a. Full of grains or corn ; full of kernels 

GRAITH, V. t. To prepare. See Greith, 

GRAITH, n. [Sax. germde.] Fm'niture ; equipage ; goods ; 
riches. 

GRAL'LI€, a. [L. gralla;.] Stilted ; an epithet given to an 
order of fowls having long legs. 

t GRAM, a. [Sax. gram.] Angry. 

GRAM, n. [Fr. gramme ; Gr. ypa/i/za.] In the new system of 
French weights, the unity of weights 

t GRA-MER'CY, for Fr. grand-merci. It formerly was used 
to express obligation. Spenser. 

GRA-MIN'E-AL, ) a. [L. gramineus.] Grassy ; like or 

GRA-MIN'E-OUS, \ pertaining to grass. 

GRAM-I-NIV'O-ROUS, a. [L. gramen and voro.] Feeding 
or subsisting on grass. 

'iRx'iM'MAR, 71. [Fr. grammaire ; L. grammatica; Gr. 
ypai/jjiaTiKT].'] 1. The art of speaking or writing a 
language with propriety or correctness. 2. A system 
of general principles and of particular rules for speaking 
or writing a language. 3. Propriety of speech. 

j- GRAM'MAR, v i. To discourse according to the rules of 
grammar. 

GRAM'MAR, a. Belonging to grammar. 

GRAM'MAR-S€HOOL, n. A school in which the learned 
languages are taught ; i. e Latin and Greek. 

GR AM-Ma'RI-AN, n 1. One versed in grammar, or the con- 
struction of languages ; a philologist. 2. One who teaches 
grammar. 

GRAM-MAT'I€, a. Pertaining to grammar. Milton. 

GRAM-MAT'I-CAL, a. [Fr.] 1. Belonging to grammar. 
2. According to the rules of grammar. 

GRAM-MAT' I-€AL-LY, adv. According to the principles 
and rules of grammar. 

GRAM-MAT'I-€AS-TER, n. [L.] A low grammarian ; a 
pretender to a knowledge of grammar ; a pedant. 

GRAM-MAT'I-ClZE, u. t. To render grammatical. JoAtiao?!. 

GRAM'MA-TIST, n. A pretender to a knowledge of gram- 
mar. H. Tooke. 

GRAM'xMA-TITE. See Tremolite. 

GRAMTLE, n. A crab-fish. 

GRAM'PUS, n. [Fr. grampoise.] A fish of the cetaceous 
order, and genus delphimis. 

GRAN-A-DIL'LA, K. [Sp.l A plant. Cyc. 

GRA-NaDE', ) o,,r„„„ ^ 

GRA-Na'Do!1 ®^^^«=n^°e- 

* GRAN'A-RY, n. [L. granarium.] A store house or reposi- 
tory of grain after it is thrashed ; a corn-house. 

GRAN'ATE, n. Usually written garnet, which see. 

GRAN/A-TITE. See Grenatite. 

GRAND, a. [Fr. grand ; Sp. and It. grande ; L. grandis.] 
1. Great ; but mostly in a figurative sense ; illustrious ; 
high in power or dignity. 2. Great ; splendid ; magnifi- 
cent; as, a ^ra»id design. 3. Great; principal; chief. 4. 
Noble ; sublime ; lofty ; conceived or expressed v/ith 
great dignity. 5. Old ; more advanced. 

GRAN'DAM, n. 1. Grandmother, 2. An old woman. Drij- 
deii 

GRAND'CHlLD, n. A son's or daughter's cliild. 

GRAND'DAUGH-TER, n. The daughter of a son or daugh- 
ter. 

GRAN-DEE', n. [Sp. grande ] A nobleman ; a man of el- 
evated rank or station. 

GRAN-DEE'SHIP, n. The rank or estate of a grandee. 

GRAND'EUR, n. [Fr.J 1. In a general sense, greatness ; 
that quality or combmation of qualities in an object, which 
elevates or expands the mind, and excites pleasurable 
emotions in him who views or contemplates it. 2. Splen- 
dor of appearance ; state ; magnificence. 3. Elevation of 
thought, sentiment or expression. 4. Elevation of mien 
or air and deportment. 

r GRAN-DEV'I-TY, n. Great age 

t GRvm-DK'VOUS, a. Of great age. 



GRAND'FA-THER, n. A father's or mother's father. 

t GRAN-DIF'I€, a. fL. grandis and facio.] Making great. 
Diet 

GRAN-DIL'O-aUENCE, n. Lofty speaking. 

GRAN-DIL'O-aUOUS, a. [L. grandiloquus.] Speaking in 
a lofty style 

GRANDT-NOUS, a. [L. grando.] Consisting of hail. 

t GRAND'I-TY, ?i. Greatness ; magnificence, Camden. 

GRAND-Ju'ROR, n. One of a grand jury. In Connecticut, a 
peace-officer. 

GRAND-JU'RY, n. [grand and jwrj/.] A jury whose duty 
is to examine into the grounds of accusation against of- 
fenders, and, if they see just cause, then to find bills of 
indictment against them to be presented to the court, 

GRAND'LY, adv. In a lofty manner ; splendidly ; sublime- 
ly. 

GRAND'M6TH-ER, n. The mother of one's father or 
mother. 

GRAND'NESS, n. Grandeur ; greatness with beauty ; aag- 
nificence. Wollaston. 

GRAND SiRE, v. 1. A grandfather.— 2 In poetry and 
rhetoric, any ancestor. Dryden. 

GRAND'SoN, n. The son of a son or daughter. 

GRANGE, (granj) w. \_Fx. grange.] A faim, with the build- 
ings, stables, &c. Milton. 

GRAN'I-LITE, n. Indeterminate granite. 

GRAN'ITE, ) n. [Fr. granit.] In mineralogy, an aggregate 

GRAN'IT, ) stone or rock, composed of crystaline 
grains of quartz, feldspar and mica. 

GRAN'I-TEL, n. A binary aggregate of minerals. 

GRA-NIT'I-€AL, ) a. 1. Pertaining to granite ; like granite ; 

GRA-NIT'I€, ] having the nature of granite. 2. 
Consisting of granite. 

GRAN'I-TIN, n. A granitic aggregate of three species of 
minerals. 

GRA-NIV'O-ROUS, a. [L. granum and voro.] Eating 
grain ; feeding or subsisting on seeds. 

GRAN'NAM, for grandam, a grandmother. [ Vulgar.] 

GRANT, V. t. [Norm, granter.] 1. To admit as true what 
is not proved ; to allow ; to yield ; to concede. 2. To give ; 
to bestow or confer on without compensation, in answer 
to request. 3. To transfer the title of a thing to another, 
for a good or valuable consideration ; to convey by deed 
or writing. 

GRANT, n. 1. The act of granting ; a bestowing or confer- 
ring. 2. The thing granted or bestowed ; a gift ; a boon. — 

3. In law, a conveyance in writing, of such things as 
cannot pass or be transferred by word only, as land, &c. 

4. Concession ; admission of something as true. 5. The 
thing conveyed by deed or patent. 

GRANT'A-BLE, a. That may be granted or conveyed. 

GRANT ED, pp. Admitted as true ; conceded ; yielded ; 
bestowed ; conveyed. 

GRANT-EE', n. The person to whom a conveyance is made. 

GRANT'ING, ppr. Admitting ; conceding ; bestowing ; con 
veying. 

* GRANT'OR, n. The person who grants ; one who conveys 
lands, rents, &;c. 

GRAN'U-LAR, a. [from L. granum.] 1. Consisting of 
grains. 2. Resembling grains. 

GRAN'U-LA-RY, a. Small and compact ; resembling a small 
grain or seed. Brown. 

GRAN'U-LATE, •?;, t. [Fr. granuler.] 1. To form into 
grains or small masses. 2. To raise into small asperities j 
to make rough on the surface. 

GRAN'U-LATE, v. i. To collect or be formed into grains. 

GRtUV'U-LA-TED,;?;). 1. Formed into grains. 2. a. Con- 
sisting of grains ; resembling grains. 

GRAN'U-LA-TING, ppr. Forming into grains. 

GRAN-U-La'TION, n. The act of forming into grains. 

GRAN'ULE, V. [Sp. granillo, from L. granum.] A little 
grain ; a small particle. ^ 

GRAN'U-LOUS, a. Full of grains ; abounding with granu- 
lar substances. 

GRAPE, n. [Fr. grappe de raisin.] 1. Properly, a cluster of 
the fruit of the vine ; but with us, a single berry of the 
vine ; the fruit from which wine is made, — 2. In the ma- 
necre, grapes signifies mangy tumors on the legs of a horse 

GRAPE'HY-A-CINTH, n. A plant or flower. 

GRaPE'LESS, a. Wanting the strength and flavor of ths 
grape. Jenyns. 

GRAPE'SHOT, n. A cluster of small shot, confined in a 
canvas bag, forming a kind of cylinder. 

GRAPE'STONE, n. The stone or seed of the grape. 

GRAPH'IC, ) a. [L. graphicus.] 1. Pertaining to the 

GRAPH'I-CAL, ] art of writing or delineating. 2. Well 
delineated. 3. Describing with accuracy. 

GRAPH'I-€AL-LY, adv. With good delineation ; in a pic- 
turesque manner. Brown. 

GRAPH ITE, n. [Gr, y^a^w.] Carburet of iron, a substance 
used for pencils, and very improperly called black-lead. 

GRAPH'0-LITE, ji. A species of slate proper for writing on. 

GRA-PHOM'E-TER, 71, [Gr. yjja^w and |U£rpov.] A mathe- 
matical instrument, called also a semicircle. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK. D6VE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K 



G as J • S as Z • OH as SH : TH as in this. ^ObsoletA. 



GRA 



386 



GRA 






GRAPII-0-MET'RI-eAL, a. Pertaining to or ascertained 
by a graphometer. 

GRAP'NEL, )n. [Fr. grappin.] 1. A small anchor fitted 

GRAP'LING, \ with four or five flukes or claws, used 
to hold boats or small vessels. 2. A grapling iron, used 
to seize and hold one ship to another in engagements. 

GRAP'PLE, V. t. [Goth, greipan.] 1. To seize ; to' lay fast 
hold on, either with the hands or with hooks. 2. To 
fasten ; to fix, as .the mind or heart j [iiot in lise.] 

GRAP'PLE, V. i. To seize ; to contend in close fight, as 
wrestlers. Miltnn. — To grapple loith, to contend with, to 
struggle with successfully. Skak. 

GRAP'PLE, 71. 1. A seizing ; close hug in contest ; the wres- 
tler's hold. 2. Close fight. 3, A hook or iron instrument 
by which one ship fastens on another. 

GRAP'PLE-IMENT, n. A grappling ; close fight or embrace. 

GRaP'Y, a. 1. Like grapes ; full of clusters of grapes, Ad- 
dison. 2. Made of grapes. Gay. 

GRASP, 1). i. [It. graspare.] 1. To seize and hold by clasp- 
ing or embracing with the fingers or arms. 2. To catch ; 
to seize ; to lay hold of; to take possession of. 

GRASP, V. i. 1. To catch or seize; to gripe. 2. To strug- 
gle ; to strive ; [obs.] 3. To encroach. Dryden. — To grasp 
at, to catch at ; to try to seize, 

GRASP, n 1. The gripe or seizure of the hand. 2. Pos- 
session ; hold. 3. Reach of the arms ; and, figuratively, 
the power of seizing. 

GRASPED, pp. Seized with the hands or arms ; embraced ; 
held; possessed. 

GRaSP'ER, n. One who grasps or seizes ; one who catches 
at ; one who holds. 

GRASP'ING, ppr. Seizing ; embracing ; catching ; holding. 

GRASS, 71. [Sax. grtBs, gers, or grrnd; Goth, gras ; G., D. 
gras.~\ 1. In common lisage, hexhage ; the plants which 
constitute the food of cattle and other beasts. — 2. In 
botany, a plant having simple leaves, a stem generally 
jointed and tubular, a husky calyx, called glume, and the 
seed single. — Orass of Parnassus} a plant, the Parnassia. 

GRASS, V. t. To cover witii grass or with turf. 

GRASS, V. i. To breed grass ; to be covered with grass. 

GRAS-Sa'TION, n [L. grassatio.] A wandering about. 
[Little used.] 

GRASS'GREEN, a. 1. Green with grass. Shenstone. 2. Dark- 
green, like the color of grass. 

GRASS'GRoWN, a. Overgrown with grass. 

GRASS'HOP-PER, n. [grass and hop.] An animal that 
lives among grass, a species of gryllus. 

GRASS'I-NESS, n. [from grassy.] The state of abounding 
with grass ; a grassy state. 

GRASS'LESS, a. Destitute of grass. 

GRASS'PLOT, 71. A level spot covered with grass. 

GRASS'POL-Y, 71. A plant, a species of lyihrum. 

GRASS'VETCH, n. A plant of the genus lathyrus. 

GRASS'WRAGK, n. A plant, the zostera. 

GRASS'Y, a. I. Covered with grass ; abounding with grass. 
2. Resembling grass ; green. 

GRATE, n. [It. grata.] 1. A work or frame, composed of 
paralle-1 or cross bars, with interstices ; a kind of lattice- 
work. 2. An instrument or frame of iron bars for holding 
coals used as fuel. 

GRATE, v.t. To furnish v.^ith grates ; to make fast with 
cross bars. 

GRATE, V. U [Fr, gratter.] L To rub, as a body with a 
rough surface against another body ; to rub one thing 
against another. 2. To wear away in small particles, by 
rubbing with any thing rough or indented. 3. To offend ; 
to fret ; to vex ; to irritate ; to moitifj'. 4. To make a 
harsh sound, by rubbing or the friction of rough bodies. 

GRATE, V. i. 1. To rub hard, so as to ofiend ; to oflend by 
oppression or importunity. 2. To make a harsh sound by 
the friction of rough bodies. 

t GRATE, a. [L. irratus.] Agreeable. 

,GRaT'ED,pP. 1. Rubbed harshly; worn ofi" by rubbing. 2. 
Furnished with a grate. 

GRaTE'FUL, a. [fxom.'L. grains. See Grace.] 1. Having 
a due sense of benefits ; kindly disposed towards one from 
whom a favor has been received ; willing to acknowledge 
and repay benefits. 2. Agreeable ; pleasing ; acceptable ; 
gratifying, 3. Pleasing to the taste : delicious; afibrding 
' leasure, 

aTE'FUL-LY, adv. 1. With a due sense of benefits or 
favore ; in a manner that disposes to kindness, in return 
for favors. 2. In a pleasing manner. 

GRaTE'FUL-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being grateful ; 
gratitude. 2. The quality of being agreeable or pleasant 
to the mind or to the taste. 

GRaT'ER, n. An instrument or utensil with a rough, indent- 
ed surface, for rubbing ofi" small particles of a body. 

GRAT-I-FI-Ca'TION, n. [L. gratificatio.] I. The act of 
pleasing, either the mind, the taste or the appetite. 2. 
That which afft^rds pleasure ; satisfaction ; delight. 3. 
Reward ]^ recompense. 

GRAT'I-FiED, pp. Pleased ; indulged according to desire. 

GRAT'I-Fl-ER, n. One who gratifies or pleases. 



GRAT'I-F'S', v. t. [L. gratificor.] 1. To please ; to give 
pleasure to ; to indulge. 2. To delight ; to please ; to hu- 
mor ; to soothe ; to satisfy ; to indulge to satisfaction. 3. 
To requite ; to recompense. 

GRAT'I-Fy-ING, ppr. 1. Pleasing ; indulging to satisfaction. 
2._a. Giving pleasure ; afibrding satisfaction, 

GRaT'ING, ppr. 1, Rubbing ; wearing otF in particles. 2. 
a._ Fretting; irritating; harsh. 

GRaT'ING, ) n. A partition of bai-s ; an open cover for the 

GRaT'INGS, \ hatches of a ship, resembling lattice- 
work. 

GRaT'ING-LY, adv. Harshly , oflensively ; in a manner to 
irritate. 

GRa'TIS, adv. [L.] For nothing ; freely ; without recom- 



GRAT'I-TUDE, 71. [1,. gratitudo.] An emotion of the heart, 
excited by a favor or benefit received ; a sentiment of kind- 
ness or good will towards a benefactor ; thankfulness. 

GRA-TU'I-TOUS, a. [L, gratuitus.] 1. Free ; voluntary ; 
not requiied by justice ; granted without claim or merit. 

2. Asserted or taken without proof. 
GRA-TtJ'I-TOUS-LY, adv. 1. Freely ; voluntarily ; with- 
out claim or merit ; without an equivalent or compensa- 
tion. _2. Without proof, 

GRA-TU'I-TY, 71. [Fr. gratuite.] 1. A free gifl; ; a present ; 
a donation ; that which is given without a compensation 
or equivalent. 2. Something given in return for a favor ; 
an acknowledgment. 

GRAT'LT-LATE, t;. f. [1.. gratulor.] 1. To express joy or 
pleasure to a person, on account of his success, or the re- 
ception of some good ; to salute with declarations of joy ; 
to congratulate. 2. To wish oi' express joy to. 3. To de • 
Clare joy for ; to mention with joy, 

GRAT'U-LA-TED, pp. Addressed with expressions of joy. 

GRAT'U-LA-TING, ppr. Addressing with expressions of 
joy, on account of some good received. 

GRAT-U-La'TION, 71. [L, gratulatio.] An address or ex- 
pression of joy to a person, on account of some good re- 
ceived by him ; congratulation. 

GRAT'U-LA-TO-RY, a. Expressing gratulation ; congrat- 
ulatory. 

GRAVE, a final syllable, is a grove. Sax, grcsf; or it is an 
officer, Ger. graf. 

GRAVE, V. t. / pret. graved; pp. graven, or graved. [Fr. 
graver; Sax. graf an.] 1. To carve or cut" letters or fig- 
ures on stone or other hard substance, with a chisel or edg- 
ed tool ; to engrave. 2. To carve ; to fonn or shape by 
cutting with a chisel. 3. To clean a ship's bottom. 4. 
To entomb. Shak. 

GRAVE, v. i. To carve ; to write or delineate on hard sub- 
stances ; to practice engraving. 

GRAVE, n. [Sax. graf ; G. grab.] 1. The ditch, pit or ex- 
cavated place, in which a dead human body is deposited ; 
a place for the corpse of a human being ; a sepulchre, 2. 
A tomb. 3, Any place where the dead are reposited ; a 
place of great slaughter or mortality, — 4. Graves, in the 
2)hiral, sediment ot tallow melted; [not in use, or local.] 

GRaVE'-CLoTHES, n. The clothes or dress in which the 
dead are interred. 

GRAVE '-DIG-GER, n. One whose occupation is to dig 
graves. 

GRaVE'-Ma-KER, n. A grave-digger. Shak. 

GRAVE'- STONE, ??,. A stone laid over a grave, or erected 
near it, as a monument. 

GRAVE, a. [Fr., Sp., It. grave.] J. In music, low; de- 
pressed ; solemn ; opposed to sharp, acute, or high. 2. 
Solemn ; sober ; serious ; opposed to gay, light or jovial. 

3. Plain ; not gay ; not showy or tawdry. 4. Being of 
weight ; of a serious character. 5. Important ; momen- 
tous. Ld. Eldon. 

GRAVED, ^p. Carved; engraved; cleaned, as a ship. 

GRAVEL, n. [Fr. gravelle.] 1. Small stones or fragments 
of stone, or very small pebbles, larger than the particles of 
sand, but often intermixed with them. — 2. In medicine, 
small calculous concretions in the kidneys and bladder. 

GRAVEL, v.t. 1. To cover with gravel. 2. To stick in 
the sand. 3. To puzzle ; to stop ; to embarrass. 4. To 
hurt the foot of a horse, by gravel lodged under the shoe. 

GRAVELED, pp. Covered with gravel ; stopped ; embar- 
rassed ; injured by gravel . 

GRaVE'LESS, a. Without a grave ; unburied. 

GRAVBL-LY, a. Abounding with gravel ; consisting of 
gravel 

GRAVEL- WALK, n. A walk or alley covered with gravel, 
wjiich makes a hard and dry bottom. 

GRaVE'LY, adv. 1. Li a grave, solemn manner; soberly; 
sejiously. 2. Without gaudiness or show. 

GRaVE'NESS, n. Seriousness ; solemnity ; sobriety of be^ 
havior ; gravity of manners or discourse. 

GRaVER, 71. 1. One who carves or engraves ; a sculptor. 
2. An engraving tool ; an instrument for graving. 

GRAVID, a. [L. gravidus.] Pregnant; being with child 

t GRAVI-DA-TED, a. Made pregnant ; big. Barrow. 

fGRAV-I-DA'TION, 71. Pregnancy. Pearson. 



Sec- Synopsis A E I, O tJ. ^ l^g.—FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN. MARXNE, BIRD ; 



t Obsolete 



GRE 



387 



GRE 



GRA-VID'I-TY, n. Pregnancy. Arbnthnot. 

GRAVING, ^;jr. Engraving; carving; cutting figures on 
stone, copper, or other hard substance. 

GRAVING, 71. 1. Carved work. 2. Impression. 

GRAVI-TATE, v. i. [Fr. graviter.] To tend to the centre 
of a body, or the central point of attraction. 

GRAVI-TATING, ppr. Tending to the centre of a body or 
system of bodies. 

GRAV-I-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of tending to the centre. 
2. The force by which bodies are pressed or drawn, or by 
wliich they tend towards the centre of the earth or other 
centre, or the effect of that force. 

GRAVI-TY, 71. [Yv. gravite.} 1. Weight • heaviness.— 2. In 
philosophy, that force by which bodies tend or are drawn 
towards the centre of the earth.— 3. Specific gravity, the 
weight belonging to an equal bulk of every different sub- 
stance. 4. Seriousness; sobriety of manners ; solemnity 
of deportment or character. 5. Weight ; enormity ; atro- 
ciousness ; [not used.] — 6. In music, lowness of sound. 

GRa'VY, 11. The fat and other liquid matter that drips from 
flesh in roasting, or when roasted or baked. 

GRaY, a. [Sax. ^rig, grcEg ; G. grau.] 1. Wliite, with a 
mixture of black. 2. White ; hoary. 3. Dark ; of a 
mixed color; of the color of ashes. 4. Old; mature. 

GRAY, n. 1. A gray color. Farnel. 2. A badger. 

GRAY'-BEARD, n. An old man. Shak. 

GRaY'-Ey£D, a. Having gray eyes. 

GRaY'FLY, n. The trumpet-fly. Milton. 

GRAY'-HAIRED, a Having gray hair. 

GRaY'-HEAD-ED, a. Having a gray head or gray hair. 

GRAY'-HOUND, n. [Sax. grighund.] A tall, fleet dog, used 
inthe chase. 

GRaY'ISH, a. Somewhat gray ; gray in a moderate degree. 

GRaY'LING, 71. A fish of tlie genus salma. 

GRAY'NESS, n. The quality of being gray. Sherwood. 

GRAY'WACKE, ii. [G. grauwacke.] A species of rock. 

GRAZE, V. t. [Sax. grasian ; G. grasen.] 1. To rub or 
touch lightly in passing ; to brush lightly the surface of 
a thing in passing. 2. To feed or supply cattle with grass ; 
to furnish pasture for. 3. To feed on ; to eat from the 
ground, as growing herbage. 4. To tend grazing cattle. 

GRAZE, t!. i. 1 To eat grass ; to feed on growing herbage. 
2. To supply grass. 3. To move on devouring. 

GRAZED, pp. 1. Touched lightly by a passing body ; brush- 
ed. 2. Fed by growing grass. 3. Eaten, as growing 
herbage. 

GRaZ'ER, n. One that grazes or feeds on growing herbage. 

GRa'ZIER, (gra'zhur) ji. One who feeds cattle with grass, 
or_ supplies them with pasture. Bacon. 

GRaZ'ING, ppr. 1. Touching lightly. 2. Feeding on grow- 
ing herbage. 3. a. Supplying pasture. 

GReASE, 71. [Fr. graisse.] 1. Animal fat in a soft state ; 
oily or unctuous matter of any kind, as tallow, lard. 2. A 
swelling and gourdiness of a horse's legs. 

GREilSE, (greez) v. t. 1. To smear, anoint or daub with 
grease or fat. 2. To bribe; to corrupt with preseiits. 
Dryden. 

GREASED, pp. Smeared with oily matter ; bribed. 

GReAS'I-LY, adv. With grease or an appearance of it ; 
grossly. 

GReAS'I-NESS, n. The state of being greasy ; oiliness ; 
unctuousness. Boyle. 

GReAS'ING, ppr. Smearing with fat or oily matter ; bribing. 

GREASY, (greez'y) a. ]. Oily; fat; unctuous. 2. Smear- 
ed or defiled with grease. 3. Like grease or oil ; smooth. 
4. Fat of body; bulky. 5. Gross ; Indelicate ; indecent. 

GREAT, a. [Sax. great ; D. groot ; G. gross.l 1. Large in 
bulk or dimensions. 2. Being of extended length or 
breadth. 3. Large in number. 4. Expressing a large, 
extensive or unusual degree of any thing. 5. Long-con- 
tinued. 6. Important ; weighty. 7. Chief ; principal. 8. 
Chief; of vast power and excellence ; supreme ; illustri- 
ous. 9. Vast ; extensive ; wonderful ; admirable. 10. 
Possessing large or strong powers of mind 11. Having 
made extensive or unusual acquisitions of science or 
knowledge. 12. Distinguished by rank, oflice or power ; 
elevated ; eminent. 13. Dignified in aspect, mien or 
manner. 14. Magnanimous ; generous ; of elevated sen- 
timents ; high-minded. 15. Rich ; sumptuous ; magnifi- 
cent. 16. Vast ; sublime. 17. Dignified ; noble. 18. 
Swelling; proud. 19. Chief ; princfpal ; much traveled. 
20. Pregnant; teeming. 21. Hard ; difficult. 22. Famil- 
iar ; intimate ; [imlgar.] 23. Distinguished by extraordi- 
nary events, or unusual importance. 24. Denoting a de- 
gree of consanguinity, in the ascending or descending line ; 
as, ^reat grandfather. 25. Superior; preeminent. 

GREAT, 71. 1. The whole; the gross; the lump or mass. 
2. People of rank or distinction. 

GREAT'-BEL-LIED, a. Pregnant ; teeming. Shak. 

t GREAT'EN, v. t. To enlarge. Raleigh. 

{gREaT'EN, v.i. To increase; to become large. South. 

GREaT-HEaRT'ED, a. High spirited ; undejected. 

GREaT'LY, tt<f«. 1. In a great degree ; much. 2. Nobly; 
illustriously. 3. Magnanimously ; generously ; bravely. 



GREaT'NESS, n 1. Largeness of bulk, dimensions num- 
ber or quantity. 2. Large amount ; extent. 3. High de- 
gree. 4. High rank or place ; elevation ; dignity ; distinc- 
tion ; eminence ; power ; command. 5. Swelling pride ; 
affected state. 6. Magnanimity ; elevation of sentiment ; 
nobleness. 7. Strength or extent of intellectual faculties. 
8. Large extent or variety. 9. Grandeur ; pomp ; magni- 
ficence. 10. Force ; intensity. 

GE,EAVE, for ^ro7;e and groove. Spenser. See Grove and 
Groove. 

GReAVES, (greevz) n. plu. [Port., Sp. grevas.] Armor for 
the legs ; a sort of boots. 

GREBE, n. A fowl of the genus colymbus. 

GRE'CIAN, a. Pertaining to Greece. 

GRe'CIAN, 71. 1. A nat^e of Greece. Also, a Jew, who 
understood Greek. 2. One well versed in the Greek lan- 
guage. 

GR£'CIAN-FIRE, n. [Fx.feu Qreceois.] Wild fire ; such as 
will burn within water. 

GRE'CIAN-IZE, v. i. [Fr. Grecanizer.] To play the Gre- 
cian ; to speak Greek. 

GRe'CISM, n. [L. Orcecismus .] An idiom of the Greek 
language. Addison. 

GRe'CiZE, v.t. 1. To render Grecian. 2. To translate 
into Greek. 

GRe'CiZE, v. 7. To speak the Greek language. 

jGREE, n. [Fr. ^re.l 1. Good will. Spenser. 2. Step, 
rank; degree. [See Degree.] Spenser. 

jGREE, w. i. To agree. See Agree. 

[GREECE, 71. [W. gr&z.] A flight of Steps. 

t GREED, 71. Greediness. Graham. 

GREED 'I-LY, adv. 1. With a keen appetite for food or 
drink ; voraciously ; ravenously, 2. With keen or ardent 
desire ; eagei-ly. 

GREED'I-NESS, n. 1. Keenness of appetite for food or 
drink ; ravenousness ; voracity. 2. Ardent desire. 

GREED'Y, a. [Sax. grmdig.] 1. Having a keen appetit<> 
for food or drink ; ravenous ; voracious ; very hungry. 2 
Having a keen desire of any thing ; eager to obtain. 

GREED' Y-GUT, 71. A glutton; a devourer ; a belly-god. 
Cot^rave. 

GREEK, a. Pertaining to Greece. 

GREEK, n. 1. A native of Greece. 2. The language of 
Greece. — Oreek-fire, a combustible composition, the con- 
stituents of which are supposed to be asphalt, with nitre 
and sulphur. 

GREEK'ISH, a. Peculiar to Greece. Milton. 

GREEK'LING, n. An inferior Greek writer. 

GREEK'ROSE, n.. The flower campion. 

GREEN, a. [Sax. o-reTJC.] 1. Being of the color of herbage 
and plants when growing, a color composed of blue and 
yellow rays ; verdant. 2. New ; fresh ; recent. 3. Fresh ; 
flourishing ; undecayed. 4. Containing its natural juices ; 
not dry ; not seasoned. 5. Not roasted ; half raw. 6. Un- 
ripe ; immature ; not arrived to perfection. 7. Irt.mature in 
age; young. 8. Pale; sickly; wan; of a greenish pale 
color. 

GREEN, 7?. 1. The color of growing plants ; a color com- 
posed of blue and yellow rays, which, mixed in different 
proportions, exhibit a variety of shades. 2. A grassy 
plain or plat; a piece of ground covered with verdant 
herbage. 3. Fresh leaves or branches of trees or other 
plants ; wreaths. 4. The leaves and stems of young 
plants used in cookery or dressed for food in the spring ; 
in the plural. JVew England. 

GREEN, V. t. To make green. Thomson. 

GREEN'BROOM, or GREEN'WEED, n. A plant of the 
genus genista. 

GREEN'CLOTH, n. A board or court of justice held in the 
counting-house of the British king's household, having cog- 
nizance of all matters of justice in the king's household. 

GREEN'-CoL-ORED, a. Pale ; sickly. Tourneur. 

GREEN'-€ROP, n. A crop of green vegetables, such as ar- 
tificial grasses, turneps, &;c. 

GREEN'-EARTH, n. A species of earth or mineral, so 
called • the mountain green of artists. Ure. 

GREEN'-EYED, a. Having green eyes. Shak. 

GREEN'FINCH, n. A bird of the gerwm fHngilla 

GREEN'FISH, n. A fish so called. Ainsworth. 

GREEN'GAGE, 7?.. A species of plum. 

GREEN'GRO-CER, 71. A retailer of greens. 

GREEN'H AIRED, a. Having green locks or hair. 

GREEN'HOOD, 71. A state of greenness. Chaucer. 

GREEN'HORN, n. A raw youth. 

GREEN'-HOUSE, n. A house in which tender plants are 
sheltered from the weather, and preserved green during 
the winter or cold weather. 

GREEN'ISH, a. Somewhat green ; having a tinge of green. 
J^ewton. 

GREEN'ISH-NESS, n. The quality of being greenish. 

GREEN'LY, adv. With a green color; newly ; freshly ; im- 
maturely. 

GREEN'LY, a. Of a green color. Qascoigne. 

GREEN'NESS, 71. 1. The quality of being green ; viridity 



♦ See Synor >i» MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J j S as Z j CH as SH j TH as in this, f Obsolete 



GRl 



388 



GRI 



2. Immaturity ; unripeness. 3. Freshness ; vigor. 4. 

Newness. 
GREEN'-ROOM, n. A room, near the stage, to which actors 

retire, during the intervals of their parts in the play. 
GREEN'-SI€K-NESS, n. The chlorosis, a disease of maids, 

so called from the color it occasions in the face. 
GREEN-SI€K-NESSED, a. Having a sickly taste. Bp. 

Rundle. 
GREEN'-STALL, n. A stall on which greens are exposed 

GREEN'STONE, n. A rock of the trap formation. 

GREEN'-SWARD, n. Turf green with grass. 

GREEN WEED, n. Dyer's weed. 

GREEN'WOOD, n. Wood when green, as in summer. 

GREEN' w66d, a. Pertaining to a green wood. 

GREET, v.'t' [Sax. gretan, grettan.] 1. To address with 
expressions of kind wishes ; to salute in kindness and 
respect. 2. To address at meeting ; to address in any 
manner. 3. To congratulate. 4. To pay compliments at 
a distance ; to send kind wishes to. 5. To meet and ad- 
dress with kindness ; or to express kind wishes, accompa- 
nied with an embrace. 6. To meet. 

GREET, V. i. 1. To meet and salute. 2. To weep ; written 
by Spenser ^eit ; [obs.] 

GREET'ED, pp. Addressed with kind wishes; compli- 
mented. 

GREET'ER, n. One who greets. 

GREET'ING, ppr. Addressing with kind wishes or expres- 
sions of joy 3 complimenting ; congratulating ; saluting. 

GREET'ING, n. Expression of kindness or joy ; salutation 
at meeting ; compliment addressed from one absent. 

fGREEZE, n. [L. gresstis.] A step, or flight of steps. See 
Greece. 

GREF'FIER, n. [Fr.] A registrar, or recorder. 

GRe'GAL, a. [L. grex.] Pertaining to a flock. 

GRE-Ga'RI-AN, a. Belonging to a herd. 

GRE-Ga'RI-OUS, a. [L. gregarius.] Having the habit of 
assembling or living m a flock or herd ; not habitually sol- 
itary or living alone. 

GRE-Ga'RI-OUS-LY, adv. In a flock or herd ; in a company. 

GRE-Ga'RI-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of living in 
ilocksor herds. 

GRE-Go'RI-AN, a. Denoting what belongs to Gregory. 
— The Oregorian calendar is one which shows the new 
and full moon, with the time of Easter, and the movable 
feasts depending thereon, by means of epacts. — The Gre- 
gorian year is the present year, as reformed by Pope Greg- 
ory XIII, in 1582 ; consisting of 365 days, 5 hours, 48 min- 
utes, 47 seconds, with an additional day every fourth year. 

fGREIT, V. i. [Goth, greitan.] To lament. Spenser. 

■f GREITH, 2j. i. [Sax. gercedian.] To make ready. 

f GREITH, n. Goods ; furniture. Chaucer. 

GRe'MI-AL, a. [L. gremium.] Belonging to the lap or 
bosom. Diet. 

GRE-NaDE', n. [Sp. granada ; Fr. grenade.] In the art of 
war, a hollow ball or shell of iron or other metal, about 
two inches and a half in diameter, to be filled vs^ith pow- 
der, which is to be fired by means of a fusee, and thrown 
bv hand arnong enemies. 

GREN-A-DIeR', n. [from Fr. grenade.] 1. A foot soldier, 
wearing a high cap. 2. A fowl found in Angola, in Africa. 

GREN'A-TITE, n. Staurotide or staurolite, a mineral. 

GREW, pret. of grow. 

GREY. See Gray. 

GREY'HOUND, n. [Sax. grighund.] A tall, fleet dog, kept 
for the chase. 

GRICE, n. A little pig. 

GRID'DLE, n. [W. greidell.] A pan, broad and shallow, 
for baking cakes. 

GRIDE, V. t. [It. gridare.] To grate, or to cut with a grat- 
ing sound ; to cut ; to penetrate or pierce harshly. 

GPiID'E-LIN, n. [Fr. gris de lin.] A color mixed of white 
and red, or a gray violet, 

GRID'iR-ON, (grid'i-urn) n. [W. grediaic] A grated uten- 
sil Jbr broiling flesh and fish over coals. 

GRIEF, n. [D. grief; Fr. grief.] 1. The pain of mind pro- 
duced by loss, misfortune, injury or evils of any kind ; 
sorrow ; regret. 2. The pain of mind occasioned by our 
own misconduct ; sorrow or regret that we have done 
A^rong ; pain accompanying repentance. 3. Cause of 
sorrow ; that which afilicts. 

GRIeF'FUL, a. Full of grief or sorrow. Sackville. 

GRIeF'LESS, a. Sorrowless ; without grief. Huloet. 

GRIeF'SHOT, a. Pierced with grief. Shak. 

t GRJeV-A-BLE, a. Lamentable. Oower. 

GRIEVANCE, n. That which causes grief or uneasiness ; 
that which burdens, oppresses or injures, implying a sense 
of wrong done. 

GRIeVE, v. t. [D. grieven.] 1. To give pain of mind to ; 
to afflict 5 to wound the feelings. 2. To afflict ; to inflict 
pain on. 3. To make sorrowful ; to excite regret in. 4. 
To_oflend ; to displease ; to provoke. 

GRIeVE, v. i. To feel pain of mind or heart ; to be in pain 
on account of an evil ; to sorrow ; to mourn. 



GRIfVED, pp. Pained ; afflicted ; suffering sorrow 

GRIeV'ER, n. He or that which grieves. 

GRIEVING, ppr. 1. Giving pain; afflicting. 2. Sorrow- 
ing ; exercised with grief; mourning. 

GRIeVING-LY, adv. In sorrow ; sorrowfully. 

GRIEVOUS, a. 1. Heavy ; oppressive ; burdensome. 2. 
Afflictive ; painful ; hard to be borne. 3. Causing grief or 
sorrow. 4. Distressing. 5. Great; atrocious, 6. Ex- 
pressing great uneasiness. 7. Provoking ; offensive ; 
tending to irritate, 8, Hurtful ; destructive ; causing 
mischief. 

GRIeVOUS-LY, adv. 1. With pain ; painfully ; with great 
pain or distress. 2. With discontent, ill will or grief. 
3. Calamitously ; miserably ; greatly ; with great uneasi- 
ness, distress or grief. 4. Atrociously. 

GRIeVOUS-NESS, 71. 1. Oppressiveness; weight that 
gives pain or distress. 2, Pain; affliction; calamity; dis- 
tress. 3. Greatness ; enormity ; atrociousness. 

GRIF'FON, 71, [Fr. griffon.] In the natural history of the 
ancients, an imaginary animal said to be generated be- 
tween the lion and eagle. It is represented with four 
legs, wings and a beak, the upper part resembling an 
eagle, and the lower part a lion. 

GRIF'FON-LIKE, a. Resembling a griffon. 

GRIG, 71. 1. A small eel ; the sand eel. 2, A merry crea- 
ture, 3, Health; [obs.] 

t GRILL, v.t. [Fi. griller.] To broil, 

t GRILL, a. Shaking with cold. Chaucer. 

GRIL-LaDE', n. Any thing broiled on the gridiron. 

t GRIL'LY, V. t. To harass, Hudibras. 

GRIM, a. [Sax. g9-ivi.] 1. Fierce : ferocious ; impressing 
terror ; frightful ; horrible. 2. Ugly ; ill-looking. 3 
Sour ; crabbed ; peevish ; surly. ^ 

GRIM'-FaCED, a. Having a stern countenance. 

GRIM'-GRIN-NING, a. Grinning with a fierce counte- 
nance. Shak. 

GRIM'-VIS-AGED, a. Grim-faced. 

GRI-MaCE', 71. [Fr,] 1. A distortion of the countenance, 
from habit, affectation or insolence. 2. An air of affecta- 
tion. 

GRI-Ma'CED, (gre-maste') a. Distorted ; having a crabbed 
look. 

GRI-MAL'KIN, n. The name of an old cat. 

GRIME, 71. [Ice. gryma.] Foul matter ; dirt ; sullying 
blackness, deeply insinuated, 

GRIME, V. t. To sully or soil deeply ; to dirt, Shak. 

GRIM'LY, a. Having a hideous or stern look. Beaumont. 

GRIM'LY, adv. 1. Fiercely ; ferociously ; with a look of 
fuiy or ferocity. 2. Sourly ; sullenly, 

GRIM'NESS, 71, Fierceness of look ; sternness; crabbedness. 

GRi'MY, a. Full of grime ; foul. 

GRIN, V. i. [Sax. giinnian.] 1. To set the teeth together 
and open the lips, or to open the mouth and withdraw the 
lips from the teeth, so as to show them, as in laughter or 
scorn. 2. To fix the teeth, as in anguish, 

GRIN, 71, The act of closing the teeth and showing them, 
or of withdrawing the lips and showing the teeth. 

t GRIN, n. A snare or trap. 

GRIN, V. t. To express by grinning. Milton. 

GRiND, V. t. ; pret, and pp, ground. [Sax, grindan.] 1. To 
break and reduce to fine particles or powder by friction ; 
to comminute by attrition ; to triturate, 2, To break and 
reduce to small pieces by the teeth. 3. To sharpen by 
rubbing or friction ; to wear off the substance of a me- 
tallic instrument, and reduce it to a sharp edge by the 
friction of a stone, 4. To make smooth ; to polish by 
friction, 5. To rub one against another. 6. To oppress 
by severe exactions ; to afflict cruelly ; to harass, 7. To 
crush in pieces ; to ruin. 8. To grate. 

GRIND, v.i. 1. To perform the operation of grinding ; to 
move a mill. 2. To be moved or rubbed together, as in 
the operation of grinding, 3. To be ground or pulverized 
by friction. 4. To be polished and made smooth by fric- 
tion. 5, To be sharpened by grinding, 

GRiND'ER, n. 1. One that grinds, or moves a mill. 2. The 
instrmnent of grinding, 3, A tooth that grinds or chews 
food ; a double tooth ; a jaw tooth, 4.The teeth in general. 

GRiND'ING, ppr, 1. Reducing to powder by friction ; 
triturating ; levigating ; chewing. 2. Making sharp ; 
making smooth or polishing by friction. 

GRIN'DLE-STONE. The same as grindstone. 

* GRiND-STONE, n. A sandstone used for grinding or 
sharpening tools. 

GRIN'NER, n. One that grins. Addison. 

GRIN'NING, ppr. Closing the teeth and showing them, as 
in laughter ; showing of the teeth. 

GRIN'NING-LY, adv. With a grinning laugh. 

t GRIP, n. The griffon. Sufc. 

GRIP, 71, [Dan. greb.] A grasp ; a holding fast. 

GRIP, 71. [D. groep.] A small ditch or furrow. 

t GRIP, V. t. To trench ; to drain. 

GRIPE, v.t. [Sax. grip an ; Goth, greipan.] 1, To seize, 
to grasp ; to catch with the hand, and to clasp closely 
with the fingers. 2, To hold fast ; to hold yvith the firi- 



Ser Synopsis. A, E, I, O tj, ^, long.— F^R, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY •,— PlN, MARINE, BIRD ;— j Obsolete. 



GRO 



389 



GRO 



gers closely pressed. 3. To seize and hold fast in the 
arms ; to embrace closely. 4. To close the fingers ; to 
clutch. Pope. 5. To pinch ; to press ; to compress. 6. 
To give pain to the bowels. 7. To pinch ; to straiten j to 
distress. 

GRIPE, V. i. 1. To seize or catch by pinching; to get 
money by hard bargains or mean exactions. 2. To feel 
the colic. 3. To lie too clese to the wind, as a ship. 

fJRIPE, n. 1. Grasp ; seizure ; fast hold with the hand or 
paw, or with the arms. 2. Squeeze; pressure. 3. Op- 
pression; cruel exactions. 4. Affliction; pinching dis- 
tress ; as, the gripe of poverty. — 5. In seamen^s language, 
the fore-foot or piece of timber which terminates the keel 
at the fore-end. — 6. Gripes, in the plural, distress of the 
bowels ; colic. — 7. Chipes, in seamen^s language, an as- 
semblage of ropes, dead-eyes and hooks, fastened to ring- 
bolts in the deck to secure the boats. 

GRiP'ER, n. One who gripes ; an oppressor ; an extortioner. 

GRiP'ING, ppr. Grasping ; seizing ; holding fast ; pinch- 
ing ; oppressing ; distressing the bowels. 

GRiP'ING, n. 1. A pinching or grasp; a distressing pain 
of the bowels ; colic. — 2. In seamen's language, the in- 
clination of a ship to run to the windward of her course. 

GRiFING-LY, adv. With a pain in the bowels. 

t GRIP'PLE, a. 1. Griping ; greedy ; covetous ; unfeeling. 
Spenser. 2. Grasping fast ; tenacious. Spenser. 

t GRIP'PLE-NESS, n. Covetousness. Up. Hall. 

t GRIS, n. [Fr. gris.] A kind of fur. Chaucer. 

t GRIS'AM-BER, used by JlJilton for ambergris. 

t GRISE, n. 1. A step, or scale of steps, [h.gressus. See 
Greece.] Shak. 2. A swine. 

t GRI-SETTE', (gre-zef) n. [Fr.] A tradesman's wife or 
daughter. Sterne. 

tGRIS'KIN, n. The spine of a hog. 

GRIS'LY, a. [Sax. grislic] Frightful; horrible; terrible. 
Dryden 

GRi'SONg (gre'sunz) n. Inhabitants of the eastern Swiss 
Alps. 

GRIST, n. [Sax. grist.] 1. Cojrn for giinding, or that which 
is ground at one time ; as much grain as is carried to the 
mill at one time, or the meal it produces. 2. Supply; 
provision. 3. Profit ; gain ; as in the phrase, it brings grist 
to the mill. 

GRIS'TLE, (gris'l) 71. [Sax. gristle.] A cartilage; a smooth, 
solid, elastic substance in animal bodies. 

GRIST'LY, (gris'ly) a. Consisting of gristle ; like gristle ; 
cartilaginous. Ray. 

GRIST'MILL, n. A mill for grinding grain. 

GRIT, n. [Sax. great, or gryt, grytta.] I. The coarse part 
of meal. 2. Oats hulled, or coarsely ground ; written, also, 
groats. 3. Sand or gravel ; rough, hard particles. 4. Sand- 
stone ; stone composed of particles of sand agglutinated. 

t GRITH, n. Agreement. Chaucer. 

GRIT'STONE. See Grit. 

GRIT'TI-NESS, n. The quality of containing grit or con- 
sisting of ^t, sand, or small, hard, rough particles of 
stone. 

GRIT'TY, a. Containing sand or grit; consisting of grit; 
full of hard particles ; sandy. 

GRIZ'E-LIN. SeeGRiDELiN. 

GRIZ'ZLE, n. [Fr., Sp., FoTt. gris.] Gray; a gray color; 
a mixture of white and black. Shak. 

GRIZ'ZLED, a. Gray; of a mixed color. 

GRIZ'ZLY, a. Somewhat gray. Bacon. 

GRoAN, V. i. [Sax. granian, grunan.] 1. To breathe with 
a deep murmuring sound ; to utter a mournful voice, as 
in pain or sorrow. 2. To sigh ; to be oppressed or afflict- 
ed ; or to complain of oppression. 

GRoAN, n. 1. A deep, mournful sound, uttered in pain, 
sorrow or anguish. 2. Any low, rumbling sound. 

GRoAN'FUL, a. Sad ; inducing groans. Spenser. 

GRoAN'ING, ppr. Uttering a low, mournful sound. 

GRoAN'ING, 71. I. The act of groaning; lamentation; 
complaint ; a deep sound uttered in pain or sorrow. — 2. 
In huntino-, the cry or noise of the buck. 

GROAT, (g;rawt) n. [D. groot ; G. grot.] 1. An English 
money of account, equal to four pence 2, A proverbial 
name for a small sum. 

GROATS, (grawts) n. Oats that have the hulls taken ofl:". 

GROATS'-WoRTH, n. Th€ value of a groat. 

GRo'CER, 71. A trader who deals in tea, sugar, spices, 
coffee, liquors, fruits, &c. 

GRo'CER-Y, 71. 1. A grocer's store ; [local.] 2. The com- 
modities sold by grocers ; usually in the plural. 

GROES, 71. plu. Graves. JVorth of England. 

GROG, n. A mixture of spirit and water not sweetened. 

GROG'-BLOS-SOM, n. A rum bud ; a redness on the nose 
or face of men who drink ardent spirits to excess. 

GROG'DRINK-ER, n. One addicted to drinking grog. 

GROG'GY, a. 1. A groggy horse is one that bears wholly 
on his heels in trotting. Cyc. — 2. In vulgar language, 
tipsy ; intoxicated. 

GROG'RAM, ) n. [It. grossagrana.] A kind of stuflT made 

GROG RAN, i ofsilk and mohair. 



GROIN, 71. [Ice. and Goth, g-rcm. J 1. The depressed part 
of the human body between the belly and the thigh.— 2 
Among builders, the angular curve made by the intersec- 
tion of two semi-cylinders or arches.— 3. [Fr. groin ; Gt. 
piv.] The snout or nose of a swine* 

t GROIN, ?'. i. To groan. Chaucer. 

GROM'WELL, or GROM'IL, n. A plant of the genus 
lithospermum. The German gromwell is the stellera. 

GROM'ET, ) 71. [Ai-m. gromm.] Among seamen, a ring 

GROM'MET, S foi-med of a strand of rope laid in three 
times round ; used to fasten the upper edge of a sail to its 
stay. 

GROOM, n. [qu. Flemish or Old D. grom ] 1. A boy or 
young nian ; a waiter ; a servant. 2. A man or boy who 
has the charge of horses ; one who takes care of horses or 
the stable.— 3. In England, an officer of the king's house- 
hold. 

GROOM, or GOOM, n. [Sax. and Goth, guma, a man ] A 
man recently marric.\ or one who is attending his pro 
posed spouse in order to be married ; used in composition, 
as in bridegroom, which see. 

GROOVE, (groov) 71. [Ice. groof] 1. A furrow, channel, 
or long hollow cut by a tool. — 2. Among miners, a shaft 
or pit sunk into the earth. 

GROOVE, V. t. [Sw. grhpa.] To cut a channel with an 
edged tool ; to furrow. 

GROOVER, n. A miner. [Local.] 

GROOVING, ppr. Cutting in channels. 

GROPE, V. i. [Sax, gropian, grapian.] 1. To feel along ; to 
search or attempt to find in the dark, or as a blind person, 
by feeling. 2. To seek blindly in intellectual darkness, 
without a certain guide or means of knowledge. 

GROPE, V. t. To search by feeling in the dark. 

GRoP'ER, 71. One who gropes ; one who feels his way in 
th_e dark, or searches by feeling. 

GRoP'ING, ppr. Feeling for something in darkness ; search- 
ing by feelmg. 

GROSS, a. [Fr. gros ; It., Port, grosso.] 1. Thick ; bulky ; 
particularly applied to animals ; fat ; corpulent. 2. Coarse ; 
rude; rough; not delicate. 3. Coarse, in a figurative 
sense ; rough ; mean ; particularly, vulgar ; obscene ; in- 
delicate. 4. Thick; large; opposed to ^tjc. 5. Impure; 
unrefined. 6. Great ; palpable. 7. Coarse ; large ; not 
delicate. 8. Thick ; dense ; not attenuated ; not refined 
or pure. 9. Unseemly ; enormous ; shameful ; great 

10. Stupid; dull. 11. Whole; entire. 

GROSS, 7?. 1. The main body ; the chief part ; the bulk ; 
the mass. 2. The number of twelve dozen ; twelve times 
twelve. — In the gross, in gross, in the bulk, or the whole 
undivided ; all parts taken together. — By the gross, in a 
like sense. 

GRoSS'BkAK, n. A fowl of.the genus loxia. 

GRf2SS'-HEAD-ED, a. Having a thick skull ; stupid. 

GRoSS'LY, adv. 1. In bulky or large parts ; coarsely. 2. 
Greatly; palpably; enormously. 3. Greatly; shame- 
fully. 4. Coarsely; without refinement or delicafey. 5. 
Without art or skill. 

GRcSS'NESS, 71. 1. Thickness; bulkiness; corpulence; 
fatness. 2. Thickness; spissitude; density. 3. Coarse- 
ness ; rudeness ; want of refinement or delicacy ; vulgar 
ity. 4. Greatness ; enormity. 

GROSS'U-LAR, a. Pertaining to a gooseberry. 

GROSS'U-LAR, n. A rare mineral of the garnet kind, so 
named from its green color. 

GROT, or GROT'TO, n. [Fr. grotte ; It. grotta.] 1. A 
large cave or den ; a subterraneous cavern ; a natural 
cav,e or rent in the earth, Dryden. 2. A cave for coolness 
and refreshment, 

t GROT'TA. [It,] For grotto. Not used in English. 

GRO-TESQ,UE', ) a. [Fr. grotesque ; Sp., Port, gruiesco.] 

GRO-TESK', \ Wildly formed ; whimsical ; extrava- 
gant ; of iii-egular forms and proportions ; ludicrous 
antic, 

GRO-TESaUE', 71. Whimsical figures or scenery. 

GRO-TESaUE'LY, adv. In a fantastical manner. 

GROUND, n. [Sax., G,, Dan., Sw. grund.] 1. The sur- 
face of land or upper part of the earth, without reference 
to the materials which compose it. 2. Region"; territory. 
3. Land; estate; possession. 4. The surface of the earth, 
or a floor or pavement. 5. Foundation ; that which sup- 
ports any thing. 6. Fundamental cause ; primary reason 
or original principle. 7. First principles. — 8. In painting, 
the surface on which a figure or object is represented. — 
9 In manufactures, the principal color, to which others 
are considered as ornamental. — 10, Grounds, plural, the 
bottom of liquors ; dregs ; lees ; feces ; as, coffee grounds. 

11, The plain song ; the tune on which descants are 
raised. — 12. In etching, a gummous composition spread 
over the surface of the metal to be etched. 13. Field or 
place of action.— 14. In music, the name given to a com 
position in which the base, consisting of a few bars of in- 
dependent notes, is continually repeated to a continually 
varying melody. 15. The foil to set a thing oflf; [obs.] 
16. Formerly, the pit of a play-house. B. Jonson.—To 



* Sea Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as .1 ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in thif. f Ohsolef. 



GRO 



390 



GRU 



gain ground. 1. To advance ; to proceed forward in con- 
flict. 2. To gain credit 3 to prevail. — To lose ground. 1. 
To retire ; to retreat. 2. To lose credit ; to decline. — To 
give ground, to recede; to yield advantage. — To get 
ground, and to gather ground, are seldom used. 

GROUND, v.t. 1, To lay or set on the ground. 2. To 
found ; to fix or set, as on a foundation, cause, reason or 
principle. 3. To settle in first principles ; to fix firmly. 

GROUND, V. i. To run aground ; to strike the bottom and 

remain fixed. 
■ GROUND, fret, and fp. of grind. 

GROUND' A6E. n. A tax paid by a ship for standing in 
port. 

GROUND'-ANG-LING, n. Fishing without a float, with a 
bullet placed a few inches from the hook. 

GROUND'-ASH, n. A sapling of ash ; a young shoot from 
the stump of an ash. Mortimer. 

GROUND'-BaIT, n. Bait for fish which sinks to the bottom 
of the water. Walton. 

GROUND'ED-LY, adv Upon firm principles. 

GROUND'-FLoOR, ?i..The first or lower floor of a house. 
But the English call the second floor from the ground the 
first floor. 

GROUND'-I-VY, n. A well-known plant. 

GROUND'LESS, a. 1. Wanting ground or foundation ; 
wanting cause or reason for support. 2. Not authorized ; 
false. 

GROUND'LESS-LY, adv. Without reason or cause. 

GROUND'LESS-NESS, n. Want of just cause, reason or 
authority for support. Tillotson. 

GROUND'LING, n. A fish that keeps at the bottom of the 
water ; hence, a low, vulgar person. Shak. 

■j GROUND'LY, adv. Upon principles 5 solidly. Ascham. 

(JROUND'-NUT, n. A plant, the arachis. 

(JROUND'-OAK, 71. A sapling of oak. Mortimer. 

GROUND'-PINE, n. A plant, a species of iewcriM???,. 

GROUND'-PLATE, n. In architecture, the ground-plates are 
the outermost pieces of timber lying on or near the ground. 

GROUND'-PLOT, n. 1. The ground on which a building 
is placed. 2. The ichnography of a building. 

GROUND'-RENT, n. Rent paid for the privilege of build- 
ing on another man's land. Johnson. 

GROUND'-ROOM, n. A room on the ground; a lower 
room. Tatl'er. 

GROUND'SEL, ?i. A plant of the genus senecio, of several 
species. 

GROUND'SEL, ) n. [ground, and Sax. sylL] The timber 

GROUND'-SILL, \ of a building which lies next to the 
ground ; commonly called a sill, 

GROUND'-TA€-KLE, n. In ships, the ropes and furniture 
belonging to anchors. 

GROUND'WoRK, n. 1. The work which forms the foun- 
dation or support of any thing ; the basis ; the funda- 
mentals. 2. The ground ; that to which the rest are ad- 
ditional. 3. First principle ; original reason. 

GROUP, ) n. [It. groppo ; Fr. groupe.] 1. A cluster, crowd 

GROOP, \ or throng ; an assemblage ; a number collected 
witjiout any regular form or arrangement. — 2. In painting 
and sculpture, an assemblage of two or more figures of 
men, beasts or other things which have some relation to 
each other. 

GROUP, V. t. [Fr. grouper.'] To form a group ; to bring or 
place together in a cluster or knot; to form an assem- 
blage. 

GROUPED, pp. Formed or placed in a crowd. 

GRoUP'ING, ppr. Bringing together in a cluster or as- 
semblage. 

GRoUP'ING, 71. The art of composing or combining the ob- 
jects of a picture or piece of sculpture. 

GROUSE, 71. A heath-cock. 

GROUT, 71. [Sax. grut.] 1. Coarse meal ; pollard. 2. 
A kind of wild apple. 3. A thin, coarse mortar. 4. That 
which purges off. 

GROUT'NOL. See Growthead. 

GROVE, n. [Sax. grmf, graf.] 1. In gardening, a small 
wood or cluster of trees with a shaded avenue, or a wood 
impervious to the rays of the sun. 2. A wood of small 
extent.. — In America, the word is applied to a wood of 
natural growth in the field, as well as to planted trees in 
a garden. 3. Something resembling a wood or trees in a 
wood. 

GROVEL, (grov'l) v. i. [Ice. gruva.] 1. To creep on the 
earth, or with the face to the ground ; to lie prone, or 
move with the body prostrate on the earth ; to act in a 
prostrate posture. 2. To be low or mean. 

GROV'EL-ER, n. One who grovels ; an abject wretch. 

GROV'EL-ING, ppr. 1. Creeping ; moving on the ground. 
2. a. Mean ; without dignity or elevation. 

GRoVY, a. Pertaining to a grove ; frequenting groves. 

GRoW, V. i. ; pret. greio : pp. srown. [Sax. growan.] 1. 
To enlarge in bulk or stiiture, by a natural, imperceptible 
addition of matter ; to vegetate, as plants, or to be aug- 
mented by natural process, as animals. 2. To be produ- 
ced by vegetation. 3. To increase ; to be augmented ; to 



wax. 4. To advance; to improve; to make progress 
5. To advance ; to extend. 6. To come by degrees ; to 
become ; to reach any state. 7. To come forward ; to 
advance. 8. To be changed from one state to another 
to become. 9. To proceed, as from a cause or reason. 
10. To accrue ; to come. 11. To swell ; to increase ; as, 
the wind grew to a tempest. — To grow out of, to issue 
from, as plants from the soil. — To grow up, to arrive at 
manhood, or to advance to full stature.— 2^o grow up, or 
to grow together, to close and adhere ; to become united 
by growth. 

GROW, V. t. To produce ; to raise ; as, a farmer grows 
large quantities of wheat. [This is a modern, abusive use 
of grow ] 

GROWER, n. 1. One who grows ; that which increases. — 
2._In English use, one who raises or produces. 

GROWING, ppr. Increasing ; advancing in size or extent ; 
becoming ; accruing ; swelling ; thriving. 

GROWL, V. i. [Gr. ypu'Wr/-] To murmur or snarl, as a 
dog ; to utter an angry, grumbling sound. 

GROWL, V. t. To express by growling. Thomson. 

GROWL, 71. The murmur of a cross dog. 

GROWL'ER, 71. A snarling cur ; a grumbler. 

GROWL'ING, ppr. Grumbling; snarling. 

GRoWN, pp. of grow. 1. Advanced; increased ingrowth. 
2. Having arrived at full size or stature.— Grown over, 
covered by the growth of any thing ; overgrown. 

t GROWSE, V. i. [Sax. agrisan.] To shiver ; to have chills. 

GROWTH, 71. 1. The gradual increase of animal and vege- 
table bodies. 2. Product ; produce ; that which has 
grown. 3. Production ; any thing produced. 4. Increase 
in number, bulk or frequency. 5. Increase in extent or 
prevalence. 6. Advancement ; progress ; improvement. 

GROWT'HEAD, )%. 1. A kmd of fish. 2. A lazy person ; 

GROWT'NOL, \ a lubber; [oJs.] 

GRUB, V. i. [Goth, graban.] To dig ; to be occupied in dig- 
ging- 

GRUB, V. t. To dig ; mostly followed by up.— To grub up, 
is to dig up by the roots with an instrument ; to root out 
by digging. 

GRUB, n. 1. A small worm ; particularly, a hexaped or six- 
footed worm, produced from the egg of the beetle. 2. A 
short, thick man ; a dwarf, in contempt. 

GRUB'AXE, 71. A tool used in grubbing up weeds, and the 
like. 

GRUB'BER, V. One who grubs up shrubs, &c. 

GRUB'BING-HoE, n. An instrument for digging up trees, 
shrubs, &c. by the roots ; a mattoc. 

GRUB'BLE, V. i. [G. grvbeln.} To feel in the dark : to 
grovel. [Mt much used.] Dryden. 

GRUB'STREET, n. Originally, the name of a street near 
Moorfields, in London, much inhabited by mean writers ; 
hence, applied to mean writings ; as, a Grub-street poem. 
Johnson . 

GRUD6E, V. t. [W. griDg.] 1. To be discontented at an- 
other's enjoyments or advantages ; to envy one the pos- 
session or happiness which we desire for ourselves. 2. 
To give or take unwillingly. 

GRUDGE, ?;. j". 1. To murmur; to repine; to complain. 
2. To be unwilling or reluctant. 3. To be envious. 4. 
To wish in secret ; [06s.] 5. To feel compunction ; to 
grieve ; [obs.] 

GRUDGE,"?!. 1. Sullen malice or malevolence ; ill-will ; se- 
cret enmity ; hatred. 2. Unwillingness to benefit. 3. 
Remoi"se of conscience ; [obs ] 

t GRUDG'EONS, 71. ^Zm. Coarse meal. Beaumont. 

GRUDG'ER, n. One that grudges ; a murmurer. 

GRUDG'ING, ppr. Envying ; being uneasy at another's 
possession of something which we have a desire to pos- 
sess. 

GRUDG'ING, n. I. Uneasiness at the possession of some- 
thing by another. 2. Reluctance ; also, a secret wish or 
desire; [obs.] 3. A symptom of disease ; [obs.] 

GRUDG'ING-LY, adv. Unwillingly; with reluctance or 
discontent. 

GRu'EL, 77. [W. grual.] A kind of light food made by 
boiling meal in water. 

GRUFF, a. [D. grof; W. gruf.] Of a rough or stern 
countenance; sour; surly; severe; rugged; harsh. 

GRUFF'LY, adv. Roughly ; sternly ; ruggedly ; harshly. 

GRUFF'NESS, n. Roughness of countenance ; sternness. 

GRUM, a. [Dan. grum.] I. Morose ; severe of counte- 
nance ; sour ; surly. 2. Low ; deep in the throat ; guttu- 
ral ; rumbling. 

GRUM'BLE, v. i. [D. grommelen, grommen ; Sax. gryme- 
tan.] 1. To murmur with discontent; to utter a low 
voice by way of complaint. 2. To growl ; to snarl. 3. 
To rumble ; "to roar ; to make a harsh and heavy sound. 

GRUM'BLER, n. One who grumbles or murmurs ; one 
who complains ; a discontented man. 

GRUM'BLING, ppr. Murmuring through discontent ; rum- 
bling ; growling. 

GRUM'BLING, n. A mmmuring through discontent ; a 
rumbling. 



See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, ts, "?, long.—FAB.^ FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY 5— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. 



GUA 



391 



GUI 



5RUM'BLING^LY, adv. With grumbling or complaint, 

GRUME,??. [Fr. grmneau.] A thick, viscid consistence of 
a fluid; a clot, as of blocd, &c. 

GRUM'LY, adv. Morosely ; with a sullen countenance. 

GRuM'OUS, a. Thick ; concreted ; clotted. 

GRuM'OUS-NESS, n. A state of being concreted. 

GRUN'DEL, n. The fish called a groundling. 

GRUND'SEL, See Groundsel. Milton. 

GRUNT, V. i. [Dan. grynter.] To murmur like a hog ; to 
utter a sliort groan, or a deep guttural sound. 

GRUNT, n. A deep guttural sound, as of a hog. 

GRUNT'ER, n. 1. One that grunts. 2. A fish. 

GRUNT'ING, ppr. Uttering the murmuring or guttural 
sound of swine or other animals. 

GRUNT'ING, n. The guttural sound of swine and other 
animals. 

t GRUNT'ING-LY, adv. Murmuringly ; mutteringly Sher- 
wood. 

GRUN'TLE, V. i. To grunt. [JTot much used.] 

GRUNT'LING, n. A young hog. 

GRUTCH, for grudge, is now vulgar, and not to be used. 

GRY, n. [Gr. ypv.'] 1. A measure containing one tenth of 
a line. 2. Any thing very small or of little value. 

GRYPIi'ITE, n. [L. gryphites.'] Crowstone. 

*GUAIA'eUM, (gua'ciim) ?i. Zio-7mm mi^?, or pock wood ; 
a tree produced in the warm climates of America. 

GUAI-a'VA, n. An American fruit. Miller. See Guava. 

GUA'N^A, n. A species of lizard, found in America. 

GUA-Nii.'€0, n. The lama, or camel of South America. 

GUA 'NO, n. A substance found on many isles in the Pa- 
cific, which are frequented by fowls ; used as a manure. 

GTJa'RA, n. A bird of Brazil, the ta7itaZM5?-ii&e?-. 

GUAR-AN-TEE', n. A waiTantor. See Guaranty. 

GUAR'AN-TIED, (gar'an-tid) pp. Warranted. 

GUAR'AN-TOR, (gar'an-tor) n. A warrantor ; one who 
engages to see that the stipulations of another are per- 
formed. 

GUAR'AN-TY, (gar'an-ty) v. t. [Fr. garantir.] 1. To 
warrant ; to make sure ; to undertake or engage that an- 
other person shall perform what he has stipulated. 2. To 
undertake to secure to anotiier, at all events. 3. To in- 
demnify ; to save harmless. 

GUAR'AN-TY, (gar'an-ty) 7i. [Fr. garant ; Sp. garantia.] 
1. An undertaking or engagement by a third person or 
party, that the stipulations of a treaty shall be observ- 
ed by the contracting parties or by one of them. 2. One 
who binds himself to see the stipulations of another per- 
formed ; written also, guarantee. 

GUARD, (gard) v. t. [Fr. garder.] 1. To secure against 
injury, loss or attack; to protect ; to defend; to keep in 
safety. 2. To secure against objections or the attacks of 
malevolence. 3. To accompany and protect ; to accompany 
for protection. 4. To adorn with lists, laces or orna- 
ments; [obs.] 5. Togud; to fasten by binding. 

GUARD, (gard) v. i. To watch by way of caution or de- 
fense ; to be cautious ; to be in a state of defense or 
safety. 

GUARD, n. [Fr. garde.] 1. Defense ; preservation or se- 
curity against injury, loss or attack. 2. That which se- 
cures against attack or injury ; that which defends. 3. 
A man or body of men occupied in presei-ving a person or 
place from attack or injury. 4. A state of caution or vig- 
ilance ; or the act of observing Avhat passes in order to 
prevent surprise or attack ; care ; attention ; v/atch ; heed. 
5. That which secures against objections or censure ; 
caution of expression. 6. Part of the hilt of a sword, 
which protects the hand. — 7. In fencing, a posture of de- 
fense. 8. An ornamental lace, hem or border ; [065.] — 
Advanced-guard, or van-guard, in military affairs, a body 
of troops, either horse or foot, that march before an army 
or division, to prevent surprise, or give notice of dan- 
ger. — Rear-guard, a body of troops that march in the rear 
of an army or division, for its protection. — Life-guard, a 
body of select troops, whose duty is to defend the person 
of a prince or other officer. 

GUaRD'-BoAT, n. A boat appointed to row the rounds 
among ships of war in a harbor, to observe that their offi- 
cers keep a good look-out. 

GUARD'-CHaM-BER, n. A guard-room. 

GUARD'-ROOM, n. A room for the accommodation of 
guards. 

GUARD'-SHIP, n. A vessel of war appointed to superin- 
tend the marine affairs in a harbor. 

GUARD'A-BLE, a. That may be protected. 

fGUARD'AGE, n. Wardship. Shak. 

GUARD' ANT, a. 1. Acting as guardian ; [o&s.]— 2. Inher- 
aldnj, having the face turned toward the spectator 

t GUARD'ANT, n. A guardian. Shak. 

GUARD'ED, pp. 1. Defended ; protected ; accompanied 
by a guard. 2. a. Cautious ; cucumspect. 3. Framed or 
uttered with caution. 

GUARD'ED-LY, adv. With circumspection. 

GUARD'ED-NESS, n. Caution ; circumspection. 

GUARD'ER, n. One that guards. 



GUARD'FUL, a. Wary ; cautir/us. 

GUARD'I-AN, n. [Fr. gardien ; Sp. guardian.] 1. A war 
den ; one who guards, preserves or secures ; one to whom 
any thing is committed.— 2. In law, one who is chosen or 
appointed to take charge of the estate and education of an 
orphan. — Guardian of the spiritualities, the person to whom 
the spiritual jurisdiction of a diocese is intmsted, during 
the vacancy of the see. 

GUARD'I-AN, a. Protecting; performing the office ol a 
protector. 

t GUARD'I-AN-ESS, n. A female guardian. Beaumont. 

GUARD'I-AN-SHIP, n. The office of a guardian ; prote& 
tion ; care ; watch. 

GUARD'ING, ppr. Defending ; protecting ; securing ; at 
tending for protection. 

GUARD'LESS, a. Without a guard or defense. 

GUARD'SHIP, n. Care ; protection. [Little used.] 



t GUA'RISH, V. t. [Fr. gucrir.] To heal. Spenser. 
GUa'RY-MiR'A-€LE, ?t '~ ---- - 

play 



[Corn, guare-mirkl.] A miracle- 



GUA' YA, n. An American tree and its fruit. 

t Gu'BER-NATE, v. t. [L. guherno.] To govern. 

GU-BER-Na'TION, 71. [L. gubernatio.] Government ; mle; 
direction. [Little used.] Watts. 

GU'BER-NA-TlVE, a. Governing. Chaucer. 

GU-BER-NA-To'Rl-AL, a. [L. gubemmtor.] Pertaining to 
government, or to a governor. 

GUD'GEON, (gud'jin) n. [Fr. goujon.] 1. A small fish, 
easily caught, and hence, 2. A person easily cheated or 
insnared. Swift. 3. A bait ; allurement. 4. An iron pin 
on which a wheel turns. — Sea-gudgeon, the black goby or 
rock-fish. 

GUELF, ) n. The Ouelfs, so called from the name of a 

GUELPH, \ family, composed a faction formerly, in Ita- 
^Yi opposed to the Gibelines. 

t GUER'DON, (ger'don) n. [Fr.] A rev/ard ; requital ; rec- 
ompense. Milton. 

t GUER'DON, V. t. To reward. B. Jonson. 

t GUER'DON- A-BLE, a. Worthy of reward. Sir 6. Buck. 

t GUER'DON-LESS, a. Unrecompensed. Chaucei-. 

GUESS, (ges) V. t. [D. gissen ; Sw. gissa.] 1. To con- 
jecture ; to form an opinion without certain principles or 
means of knowledge. Pope. 2. To judge or form an opin- 
ion from some reasons that render a thing probable, but 
fall short of sufficient evidence. 3. To hit upon by acci- 
dent. 

GUESS, V. i. To conjecture ; to judge at random. 

GUESS, n. Conjecture ; judgment without any certain evi- 
dence or grounds. Dryden. 

GUESSED, pp. Conjectured ;_ divined. 

GUESS'ER, n. One who guesses ; a conjecturer ; one who 
judges without certain knowledge. 

GUESS'ING, ppr. Conjecturing ; judging without certain 
evidence, or grounds of opinion. 

GUESS'ING-LY, adv. By way of conjecture. 

GUEST, (gest) n. [Sax. gest.] 1. A stranger; one who 
comes from a distance, and takes lodgings at a place. 2. 
A visitor ; a stranger or friend, entertained in the house 
or at the table of another. 

t GUEST, V. i. To be entertained in the house or at the ta- 
ble of another. 

GUEST'-CHaM-BER, n. An apartment appropriated to 
the entertainment of guests. 

GUEST'-RITE, n. Office due to a guest. Chapman. 

GUEST'-ROPE, ) n. A rope to tow with, or to make fast a 

GUESS'-ROPE, S boat. Mar. Diet. 

GUEST'WiSE, adv. In the manner of a guest. 

GUG'GLE. See Gurgle. 

GUHR, n. A loose, earthy deposit from water. 

GUiD'A-BLE, a. That may be guided or governed by 
counsel. Sprat. 

GUiD'AGE, n. The reward given to a guide for services 
[Little used.] 

GUlD'ANCE, n. The act of guiding ; direction ; govern- 
ment ; a leading. 

GUIDE, (gide) v. t. [Fr. guider.] 1. To lead or direct in 
a way ; to conduct in a course or path. 2. To direct ; to 
order. 3. To influence ; to give direction to. 4. To in- 
struct and direct. 5. To direct ; to regulate and manage ; 
to superintend. 

GUlDE, n. [Fr. guide.] 1. A person who leads or directs 
another in his way or course ; a conductor. 2. One who 
directs another in his conduct or course of life. 3. A di- 
rector ; a regulator ; that which leads or conducts. 

GUiD'ED, pp. Led ; conducted ; directed In the way ; in- 
structed and directed. 

GUiDE'LESS, a. Destitute of a guide ; wanting a director. 
Dryden. 

GUiDE'PoST, n. A post at the forks of a road for directing 
travelers the way. 

GUlD'ER, n. A guide ; one who guides or directs. 

t GUiD'ER-ESS, n. She who guides or directs. Caxton. 

GUiD'ING, ppr. Leading ; conducting ; directing superin- 
tending. 



^ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE — € as K ; G as J ; ffi as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



GUL 



392 



GUN 



GUi'DON, n. [Fr.] The flag or standard of a troop of cav- 
alry ; or the standard-bearer. Lunier. 

GUILD, (gild) n. [Sax. geld, g-ield, gild, or gyld.] In Eng- 
land, a society, fraternity or company, associated for 
some purpose, particularly for carrying on commeice. 
Hence the name Oidld-liall, the great court of judicature 
in London. 

GUILD'A-BLE, a. Liable to a tax. Spelman. 

GUILD'ER. See Gilder. 

GUILE, (gile) n. [qu. Old Fr. guille, OT gille.] Craft ; cun- 
ning ; artifice ; duplicity ; deceit. 

f GUlLE, V t. To disguise craftily. Spenser. 

t GUlLED, a. Treacherous ; deceiving. Shak. 

GUlLE'FjJL, a. 1. Cunning; crafty; artful; wily; de- 
ceitful ; insidious. 2. Treacherous ; deceitful. 3, Intend- 
ed to deceive. 

GUlLE'FjJL-LY, adv. Artfully; insidiously; treacher- 
ously. 

GUlLE'FUL-NESS, n. Deceit ; secret treachery. 

GUlLE'LESS, a. Free from guile or deceit ; artless ; frank ; 
sincere; honest. 

GUlLE'LESS-NESS, n. Simplicity ; freedom from guile. 

GUiL'ER, n. One who betrays into danger by insidious 
arts. Spenser. 

GUIL'LE-MOT, n. [W. gvnlawg.} A water fowl. 

GUIL'LO-TtNE, (gil'lo-teen) n. [Fr.,from the name of the 
inventor.] An engine or machine for beheading persons 

GUIL-LO-TINE', (gil-lo-teen') v. t. To behead with the 
guillotine. 

GUILLS, n. A plant, the corn marigold. 

GUILT, (gilt) n. [Sax. gylt.] 1. Criminality; that state 
of a moral agent which results from his actual commis- 
sion of a crime or offense, knowing it to be a crime, or 
violation of law. 2. Criminality in a political or civil 
view ; exposure to forfeiture or other penalty 3. Crime ; 
offense. 

fGUILT'I-LlKE, a(Z«. Guilty. SJiak. 

GUILT'I-LY, adv. In a manner to incur guilt ; not inno- 
cently. Shak. 

GUILT'I-NESS, n. The state of being guilty ; wickedness ; 
criminality ; guilt. Sidney. 

GUILT'LESS, a. 1. Free from guilt, crime or offense ; in- 
nocent. 2. Not produced by the slaughter of animals. 

GUILT'LESS-LY, adv. Without guilt ; innocently. 

GUILT'LESS-NESS, n. Innocence ; freedom from guilt or 
crime. Sidney. 

GUILT'-SI€K, a. Diseased in consequence of guilt. 

GUILT'Y, (gilt'y) a. [Sax. ^yltig.] 1. Criminal ; having 
knowingly committed a crime or offense. 2. Wicked ; 
corrupt ; sinful. 3. Conscious. 

GUIN'EA, (gin'ny) n. [from Guinea, in Africa, which 
abounds with gold.] Formerly, a gold coin of Great 
Britain of the value of twenty-one shillings sterling. 

GUIN'EA-DROP-PER, n. One who cheats by dropping 
guineas. 

GUIN'EA-HEN, n. The JSTamida meleagris, a fowl of the 
gallinaceous order, a native of Africa. 

GUIN'EA-PEP'PER, n. A plant, the capsicum. 

GUIN'EA- PIG, n. In zoology, a quadruped of the genus 
cavia or cavy, found in Brazil. 

GUIN'IAD, or GWIN'IAD, n. [W. gwen, gwyn.] The 
whiting, a fish of the salmon or trout kind. 

GUlSE, gize) n. [Fr. guise.] 1. External appearance; 
dress; garb. 2. Manner; mien; cast of behavior. 3. 
Custom ; mode ; practice. 

GUlS'ER, (giz'er) n. A person in disguise ; a mummer who 
goes about at Christmas. Eng. 

GUIT-AR', (git-ar') n. [Fr. guitare.] A stringed instrument 
of music. 

GtJ'LA, or Go'LA, n. An ogee or wavy member in a 
building ; the cymatium. 

Gu'LAUND, n. An aquatic fowl. Pennant. 

fGULCH, K. [D. gulzig.] A glutton; a swallowing. 

•f GULCH, V. t. To swallow greedily. 

GULCH'IN. The same as gulch. 

GULES, n. [Fr. gueules.] In heraldry, a term denoting 
red. Encyc. 

GULF, n. [Fr. golfe : It., Sp., Port, golfo.] I. A recess 
in the ocean from the general line of the shore into the 
land, or a tract of water extending from the ocean or a sea 
into the land, between two points or promontories ; a 
large bay. 2. An abyss ; a deep place in the earth. 3. 
A whirlpool ; an absorbing eddy. 4. Any thing insatia- 
ble. 

GULF-IN-DENT'ED, a. Indented with gulfs. 

GULF'Y, a. Full of whirlpools or gulfs. 

GULL, v. t. [D. kullen.] To deceive; to cheat; to mislead 
by deception ; to trick ; to defraud. 

GULL, TO. 1. A cheating or cheat ; trick; fraud. Shak. 2. 
One easily cheated. Shak. 

GULL, n. [W. gwylan.] A marine fowl. 

GULL CATCH-ER, n. A cheat ; a man who cheats or en- 
traps silly people. Shak. 



GULLED, pp. Cheated ; deceived ; defrauded. 

GULL'ER, n. A cheat ; an impostor. 

t GULL'ER-Y, n. Cheat. Burton. 

GUL'LET, n. [Fr. goulet, goulot.] 1. The passage in the 
neck of an animal by which food and liquor are taken in- 
to the stomach ; the esophagus. 2. A stream or lake 
[obs.] 

GUL-LI-BIL'I-TY, n. Credulity, [.a low word.] 

GUL'LIED, pp. Having a hollow worn by water. 

fGULL'ISH, a Foolish ; stupid. 

t GULL'ISH-NESS, w. Foolishness ; stupidity. 

GUL'LY, 71. A channel or hollow worn in the earth by a 
current of water. Mitford. Hawkesworth. 

GUL'LY, V. t. To wear a hollow channel in the earth. 
Jim eric a. 

t GUL'LY. V. I. To run with noise. 

GUL'LY-GUT, n. [L. gulo.] A glutton. Barret. 

GUL'LY-HOLE, n. An opening where gutters empty their 
contents into the subterraneous sewer. 

GU-LOS'I-TY, 7^. [L. gulosus.] Greediness; voracity; ex- 
cessive appetite for food. [Little used.] Brown. 

GULP, 7). f. [D. gulpen.] To swallow eagerly or in large 
draughts. Oay. — To gulp up, to throw up from the throat 
or stomach ; to disgorge. 

GULP, n. A swallow, or as much as is swallowed at once 
2. A disgorging. 

GULPH. See Gulf. 

GUM, n. [Sax. goma.\ The hard, fleshy substance of the 
jaws which invests the teeth. 

GUM, n. [Sax. goma ; L. gunimi.] The mucilage of vege- 
tables : a concrete juice which exsudes through the bark 
of trees. — Gum-elastic, or elastic-gum, [caoutchouc,^ is a 
singular substance, obtained from a tree in America by 
incision. 

GUM, V. t. 1. To smear with gum. 2. To unite by a vis- 
cous substance. 

GUM-AR'A-BIC, n. A gum which flows from the acacia, 
in Arabia, Egypt, &c. 

GUM'-BOIL, n. A boil on the gum. 

GUM'LAC, n. The produce of an insect, which deposits 
its eggs on the branches of a tree called bihar. 

GUM'-RES-IN, n. A mixed juice of plants. 

GUM-SEN'E-GAL, n. A gum resembling gum-arabic. 

GUM-TSAG'A-€ANTH, n. The gum of a thorny shrub of 
that name, in Crete, Asia and Greece. 

GUM'MI-NESS, n. The state or quality of being gummy ; 
viscousness. 2. Accumulation of gum. 

GUM-MOS'I-TY, n. The nature of gum; gumminess ; a 
viscous or adhesive quality. Floyer. 

GUM'MOUS, a. Of the nature or quality of gum ; viscous; 
adhesive. Woodward. 

GUM'MY, a. 1. Consisting of gum ; of the nature of gum ; 
viscous; adhesive. 2. Productive of gum. 3. Coverec* 
with gum or viscous matter. 

GUMP, n. [Dan. and Sw. gump.] A foolish person ; a dolt 
[Vulgar.] 

GUMP'TION, n. [Sax. gymene.] Care ; skiU ; understand- 
ing. [Vulvar.] 

GUN, n. [W. gwn ; Corn, gun.] An instrument consisting 
of a barrel oftube of irrn or other metal, fixed in a stock, 
from which balls, shot or other deadly weapons are dis- 
charged by the explosion of gunpowder. The larger spe- 
cies of guns are called cannon ; and the smaller species 
are called muskets, carbines, fowling-pieces, &c. 

t GUN, V. i. To shoot. 

GUN'-BAR-REL, n. The barrel or tube of a gun. 

GUN'BoAT, n. A boat or small vessel fitted to carry a gun 
or two at the bow. Mar. Diet. 

GUN'-CAR-RIAGE, n. A wheel-carriage for bearing and 
moving cannon. 

GUN'NEL. See Gunwale. 

GUN'NER, n. One skilled in the use of guns ; a cannonier ; 
an officer appointed to manage artillery. 

GUN'NER-Y, n. The act of charging, directing and firing 
guns, as cannon, mortars and the like. 

GUN'NING, n The act of hunting or shooting game with 
a gun. 

GUN'POW-DER, n. A composition of saltpetre, sulphur 
and charcoal, mixed and reduced to a fine powder, then 
granulated and dried. It is used in artillery, in shoot- 
ing game, in blasting rocks, &c. , 

GUN'ROOM, n. In slaps, an apartment orcupied by the 
gunner, or by the lieutenants as a mess-room. 

GUN'SHOT, n. The distance of the point-blank range of a 
cannon-shot. Mar. Diet. 

GUN'SHOT, a. Made by the shot of a gun. 

GUN'SMITH, n. A maker of small fire-arms. 

GUN'SMITH-ER-Y, n. The business of a gunsmith ; the 
art of making small fire-arms. 

GUN'STICK, n. A rammer, or ramrod ; a stick or rod to 
ram down the charge of a musket, &c. 

GUN'STOCK, n. The stock or wood in which the barrel of 
a gun is fixed. 

GUN'STONE, n. A stone used for the shot of cannon. 



♦ See Synopsis A, E, T, S, X5, •?, long.—FH-R, FALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— HN. MARifNE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



GUT 



393 



GYV 



GlTN'TAe-KLE, n. The tackle used on board of ships to 
run the guns out of the ports. 

GUN'WALE, or GUN'NEL, n. The Upper edge of a ship's 
side ; the uppermost wale of a ship. 

GURCfE, 71. [h. ffurges.l A whirlpool. [Little used.] 
fGURGE, V. t. To swallow. 

f GUR'GION, n. The coarser part of meal separated from 
the bran. Hollinsked. 

GUR'GLE, V. i. [It. gorgogliare.] To run as liquor with a 
purling noise ; to run or flow in a broken, irregular, noisy- 
current. 

GURG'LING, ppr. Running or flowing with a purling 
sound. 

GUR'HO-FITE, n. A subvariety of magnesian carbonate of 
lime. 

GUR'NARD, or GUR'NET, n. [Ir. guirnead.] A fish. 

GUR'RAH, n. A kind of plain, coarse, India muslin, 

GUSH, V. i. [Ir. gaisim.] 1. To issue with violence and 
rapidity, as a fluid ; to rush forth as a fluid from confine- 
ment. 2. To flow copiously. 

GUSH, V. t. To emit in copious eff"usion. Dryden. 

GUSH, n. A sudden and violent issue of a fluid from an in- 
closed place ; the fluid thus emitted. 

GUSH'ING, ppr. 1. Rushing forth with violence, as a fluid j 
flowing copiously. 2. Emitting copiously. 

GUS'SET, n. [Fr. gousset.] A small piece of cloth inserted 
in a garment for the purpose of strengthening or enlarging 
some part. 

GUST, n. [L. gustus ; It., Sp gusto.] 1. Taste ; tasting, 
or the sense of tasting. More generally, the pleasure of 
tasting ; relish. 2. Sensual enjoyment. Dryden. 3. Pleas- 
ure ; amusement j gratification. 4. Turn of fancy 5 intel- 
lectual taste. 

GUST, V. t. To taste ; to have a relish. [Little iised.] 

GUST, n. [Dan. gust.] 1. A sudden squall ; a violent blast 
of wind. 2. A sudden, violent burst of passion. 

GUST'A-BLE, a. I. That may be tasted; tastable. 2. 
Pleasant to the taste. [Little used.] Derham. 

f GUST'A-BLE, n. Any thing that may be tasted ; an eat- 
able. 

GUS-Ta'TION, n. The act of tasting. [Little used.] 

GUST'FIJL, a. Tasteful ; well-tasted ; that relishes. 

GUST'FUL-NESS, n. Relish ; pleasantness to the taste. 

GUST'LESS, a. Tasteless. Brown. 

GUST'O, n. [It. and Sp.] 1. Relish ; that which excites 
pleasant sensationb in the palate or tongue. 2. Intellect- 
ual taste ; [little used,] 

GUST'Y, a. Subject to sudden blasts of wind; stormy; 
tempestuous. Shak. 

GUT, 71. [G.kuttel.] I. The intestinal canal of an animal ; 
a pipe or tube extending, with many circumvolutions, 
from the pylorus to the vent. 2. The stomach ; the re- 
ceptacle of food ; [low.] 3. Gluttony ; love of gormandiz- 
ing ; [low.] 

GUT, V. t. 1. To take out the bovvels ; to eviscerate. 2. 
to plunder of contents. 

GUT'TA SE-Re'NA. In medicine, amaurosis ; blindness 
occasioned by a diseased retina. 

GUT'TA-TED, a. [L. gutta.] Besprinkled with drops. 
Diet. 

GUT'TED, pp. Deprived of the bowels; eviscerated; de- 
prived of contents. 

GUT'.TER, n. [Fr. gouttiere.] I. A channel for water ; a 
hollow piece of timber, or a pipe, for catching and convey- 
ing ofl" the water which drops from the eaves of a build- 
ing. 2. A channel or passage for water ; a hollow in the 
earth for conveying water. 

GUT'TER, V. t. To cut or form into small hollows. 

GUT'TER, V. i. 1. To be hollowed or channeled. 2. To 
run or sweat as a candle ; [local.] 

t GUT'TLE, 7;. t. To sw^Wow. L^ Estrange. 

fGUT'TLE, V. i. To swallow greedily. 

GUT'TLER, 71. A greedy eater. 

GUT'TU-LOUS, a. [L. guttula.] In the form of a small 
drop or of small drops. [Little v^ed.] 

GUT'TU-RAL, a. [Fr. guttural.] Pertaining to the throat ; 
formed in the throat. 

GUT'TU-RAL, n. A letter pronounced in the throat, as 
the Greek X' 

GUT"TU-RAL-LY, adv. In a guttural manner; in the 
throat. 

GUT'TU-RAL-NESS, n. The quality of being guttural. 

jGUT'TU-RINE, a. Pertaining to the throat. Ray. 



GUT'TY, a. [from L. gutta.] In heraldry, charged or 
sprinkled with drops. Encyc. 

GUT'WORT, n. A plant. 

GU"?, (gi) n. [Sp., Port, gvia.] In marine affairs, a rope 
used to keep a heavy body steady while hoisting or low- 
ering. . 

GUZ'ZLE, V. i. To swallow liquor greedily; to drink 
much ; to drink frequently. 

GUZ'ZLE, V. t. To swallow much or often ; to swallow 
with immoderate gust. Dryden. 

GUZ'ZLE, n. An insatiable thing or person. 

GUZ'ZLER, 71. One who guzzles ; an immoderate drinker 

G^BE, 71. A sneer. See Gibe. 

6"? BE, V. t. In seamen's language, to shift a boom-sail from 
one side of a vessel to the other. 

GyB'ING, ppr. Shifting a boom-sail from one side of a ves- 
sel to the other. 

fGYE, v.t. To guide. Chaucer. 

* GYM-Na'SI-UM, n. [Gr. yvpvaffiov.] In Greece, a place 
where athletic exercises were performed. Hence, a place 
of exercise, a school. 

* 6YM-NAS'TI€, a. [L. gymnasticus.] Pertaining to 
athletic exercises of the body, intended for health, de- 
fense or diversion, as running, leaping, wrestling, throw- 
ing the discus, the javelin or the hoop, playing with 
balls, &c. 

* GYM-NAS'TI€, n. Athletic exercise. 

* GYM-NAS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. In a gymnastic manner; 
athletically. Brown. 

* GYM-NAS'TI€S, n. The gymnastic art; the art of per- 
forming athletic exercises. 

*GYM'NI€, a. [L. gymnicus.] 1. Pertaining to atWetic 
exercises of the body. 2. Performing athletic exer- 
cises. 

* GYM'Nie, 71. Athletic exercise. 

* GYM'NI-€AL, a. [Gr. yvuviKog.] Pertaining to athletic 
exercises. 

6YM-NOS-0-PHIST,7i. [Gr. yvp.vos and ffo^tor?/?.] A phi- 
losopher of India, so called from his going with bare feet, 
or with little clothing. 

GYM.N0S'-0-PHY,7z. The doctrines of the Gymnosophists 
Good. 

GYM'NO-SPERM, n. [Gr. yv[xvos and anspna.] In botany, 
a plant that bears naked seeds. 

GYM-NO-SPERM'OUS, a. Having naked seeds. 

tGYN, V. t. To begin. 

GY-N^'CIAN, a. [Gr. yvvaiKos, genitive ofyvvr;.] Relat- 
ing to women. 

6Y-N^-0€'RA-CY, n. [Gr. yvvrj and Kparos.] Govern- 
ment over which a woman may preside. 

GY-NAN'DER, n. [Gr. yvvrj and avrjp.] In botany, a plant 
whose stamens are inserted ill the pistil. 

GY-NAN'DRI-AN, a. Having stamens inserted in the pis- 
til. 

6YN'AR-€HY, n. [Gr. yvvij and ap^ij.] Government by 
a female. Chesterfield. 

6Y-NP:-€0€'RA-CY, h. [Gr. yvvaiKOKparca.] Petticoat gov- 
ernment ; female power. 

GYPSE, 71. [Fr. gypse.] A kind of stone. Pocokc. 

GYP'SE-OUS, a. Of the nature of gypsum ; partaking of 
the qualities of gypsum. 

ll^lf^'jSeeGiPS.r. 

GYP'SUM, 71. [L.] Plaster-stone ; sulphate of lime ; a min- 
eral not unfrequently found in crystals, often in amor- 
phous masses, and which is of great use in agriculture 
and the arts. 

Gy'RAL, a. Whirling; moving in a circular form. 

GY-RA'TIOiN[, n. [L. gyratio.] A turning or whirling 
round ; a circular motion. JYewton. 

Gyre, n. [L. gyi-us.] a circular motion, or a circle de- 
scribed by a moving body ; a turn. 

Gyre, v. t. To turn round. Bp. Hall. 

Gyred, a. Failing in rings. Shak. 

6YR'FAL-€0N, n. [Fr. gerfault.] A species of falco or 
hawk. See * Falcon. 

GfRO-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. yvpog and fxavreia- ] A kind of 
divination performed by walking round in a circle or 
ring. 

* GyVE, 71. [W gevyn.] Gyves are fetters or shackles for 
the legs. 

Gyve, v. t. To fetter ; to shackle ; to chain. Shak. 



* Ses Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DdVE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



HAC 



394 



HAG 



H, 



His the eighth letter of the English Alphabet. It is not 
strictly a vowel, nor an articulation, but the mark of 
a stronger breathing than that which precedes the utter- 
ance of any other letter. It is pronounced with an expi- 
ration of breath, which, preceding a vowel, is perceptible 
by the ear at a considerable distance. Thus, harm and 
arm, hear and ear, heat and eat, are distinguished at al- 
most any distance at which the voice can be heard. In 
English, h is sometimes mute, as in honor, honest; also 
vrhen united with g, as in right, fight, brought. In which, 
what, who, whom, and some other words in which it fol- 
lows w, it is pronounced before it, hiDich, hwat, &c. 

WA. An exclamation, denoting surprise, joy or grief. With 
the first or long sound of a, it is used as a question, and is 
equivalent to " What do you say ?" When repeated, ha, 
ha, it is an expression of laughter. 

HA, V. i. To express surprise ; to hesitate. 

HAAK, n. A fish. Ainsworth. 

Ha'BE-AS €0R'PUS. [L. have the body.] A writ for de- 
livering a person from false imprisonment, or for remov- 
ing a person fi-um one court to another, &c. 

HAB'ER-DASH-ER, n. A seller of small wares. 

HAB'ER-DASH-EK-Y, n. The goods and wares sold by a 
haberdasher. 

HAB'ER-DiNE, n. A dried salt cod. Ainsworth. 

HA-BER'6E-0N, n. [Fr. haubergeon.] A coat of mail or 
armor to defend tlie neck and breast. 

t HAB'ILE, a. Fit 5 proper. Spenser. 

HA-BII/I-MENT, ?i. [Ft. habillement.] A garment; cloth- 
ing ; usually in the plural, habiliments. 

t HA-BIL'I-TATE, v. t. [Fr. hahiliter.] To qualify. 

t HA-BIL-I-Ta'TION, ?i. Qualification. Bacon. 

HA-BIL'I-TY. See Ability. 

HAB'IT, n. [Fr. habit ; Sp. habito.] 1. Garb ; dress ; 
clothes or garments in general. 2. A coat worn by ladies 
over other garments. 3. State of any thing, implying 
some continuance or permanence ; temperament or partic- 
ular state of a body. 4. A disposition or condition of the 
mind or body, acquked by custom or a frequent repetition 
of the same act. 

HAB'IT, V. t. To dress ; to clothe ; to array. 

tHAB'IT, V. i. To dwell; to inhabit. Chaucer. 

HAB'I-TA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. habitabilis.] That may be in- 
habited or dwelt in ; capable of sustaining human beings. 

HAB'I-TA-BLE-NESS, n. Capacity of being inhabited. 

HAB'I-TA-BLY, adv. In such a manner as to be habitable. 
Foi-syth. 

t HAB'I-TANCE, n. Dwelling .; abode ; residence. 

HAB I-TAN-CY, 71. Legal settlement or inhabitancy. 

HAB'I-TANT, n. [Fr. ; L. habitans.'] An inhabitant ; a 
dweller ; a resident ; one who has a permanent abode in 
a place. Pope. 

HAB'I-TAT, 71. Habitation. Flemimr. 

HAE-I-Ta'TION, 71. [L,. habitatio.] I. Act of inhabiting ; 
state of dwelling. 2. Place of abode ; a settled dwelling ; 
a mansion ; a house or other place in which man or any 
animal dwells. 

t IIAB'I-TA-TOR, 71. [L.] A dweller ; an inhabitant. 

HAB'IT-ED, a. 1. Clothed; dressed. 2. Accustomed; 
[not usual. '\ 

HA BIT'U-AL, a. [Fr. habituel.] 1. Formed or acquired 
by habit, frequent use or custom. 2. Customary ; ac- 
cording to habit. 3. Foi-med by repeated impressions; 
rendered permanent by continued causes. 

HA-BIT'U-AL-LY, adv. By habit; customarily; by fre- 
quent practice or use. 

UA-BIT'U-ATE, v. t. [Fr. habituer.] 1. To accustom ; to 
make familiar by frequent use or practice. 2. To settle 
as an inhabitant in a place. Temple. 

HA-BIT'U-ATE, a. 1.' Inveterate by custom. Hammond. 
•2. Formed by habit Temple. 

H A-BIT'U- A-TED, pp. Accustomed ; made familiar by use. 

H A-BIT'TJ-A-TING, ppr. Accustoming ; making easy and 
familiar by practice. 

UAB'I-TUDE, n. [Fr. ; L. habitudo,'] 1. Relation; re- 
spect; state with regard to something else ; [little used.'] 
South. 2. Frequent intercourse ; familiarity ; [not usual.} 
3. Customary manner or mode of life; repetition of the 
same acts. 4. Custom ; habit. Dryden. 

I Ha'BLE, a. [L. habilis.} Fit ; proper. Spenser. See 
Able. 

HAB'NAB, adv. [hap ne hap.] At random; by chance; 
without order or rule. Hudibras. 

HACK, V. t. [Sax. haccan ; D. hakken.] 1. To cut irregu- 
larlv and into small pieces ; to notch ; to mangle by re- 
peated strokes of a cutting instrument. 2. To speak with 
stops or catches ; to speak with hesitation. 



HA€K, n. A notch ; a cut. Shak. 

HACK, 7j. 1 A horse kept for hure ; a horse much used m 
draught or in hard service ; any thing exposed to hire o? 
used in common ; [from hackney.] 2. A coach or other 
carriage kept for hire ; [from hackney.] 3. Hesitating or 
faltering speech. 4. A rack for feeding cattle ; [local.] 

HACK, a. Hired. Wakefi,eld. 

HACK, V. i. 1. To be exposed or offered to common use for 
hire ; to turn prostitute. 2. To make an effort to raise 
phlegm See Hawk. 

HACKED, pp. Chopped ; mangled 

HACK'ING, ppr. Chopping into small pieces; mangling; 
mauling. 

HACKLE, -B. f. [G. hecheln.] 1. To comb flax or hemp; 
to separate the coarse part of these substances from the 
fine. 2. To tear asunder. Burke. 

HACKLE, n. 1. A hatchel. [ The latter word is used in 
the U. States.] 2. Raw silk ; any flimsy substance un- 
spun. 3. A fly for angling, dressed with feathers or silk. 

HACK'LY, a. Rough; broken as if hacked. — Inmineralo- 
gil, having fine, short and sharp points on the surface. 

HACK'MA-TACK, n. A name of the red larch. 

HACK']\EY, 71. [Ft. haquenee ; Sp. hacanea.] 1. A pad; 
a nag ; a pony. 2. A horse kept for hire ; a horse much 
used. 3. A coach or other carriage kept for hire, and oft- 
en exposed in the streets of cities. The word is some- 
tunes contracted to hack. 4. Any thing much used or 
used in common ; a hireling ; a prostitute. 

HACK'NEY, a. 1. Let out for hire ; devoted to common 
use. 2. Prostitute; vicious for hire. 3. Much used; 
common ; trite. 

HACK'NEY, V. t. 1. To use much; to practice in one 
thing ; to make trite. 2. To carry in a hackney-coach. 

HACK'NEY-COACH. See Hackney. 

HACK'NEY-CoACH'MAN, n. A man who drives ahack- 
ne}'-coach. 

HACK'NEYED, pp. I. Used much or in common. 2. 
Practiced ; accustomed. 

HACK'NEY-ING, ppr. Using much ; accustoming. 

HACK'NEY-MAN, n. A man who lets horses and carriages 
for hire. Barret. 

t HACK'STER, n. A bully ; a ruffian or assassin. 

tHACaUE-TON, 71. [Fr. hoqueton.] A stuffed jacket. 

HAD, prct. and pp. of have. 

HAD-I-WIST'. A proverbial expression. Oh that I had 
known .' 

t HAD'DER, 71. [G. heide.] Heath. See Heath, 

HAD'DOCK, 71. [Ir. codog.] A fish. 

HADE, n. Among miners, the steep descent of a shaft. — In 
mining, the inclination or deviation from the vertical of a 
mineral vein. 

HAF'FLE, u.i. To speak unintelligibly ; to waver; to pre- 
varicate. 

HAFT, n. [Sax. haft.] A handle ; that part of an instru- 
ment or vessel which is taken into the hand. 

HAFT, V. t. To set in a haft ; to furnish with a handle. 

fHAFT'ER, 7?. [W. hafiaw.] Acaviler; a wrangler. 

HAG, 71. [Sax. hcEgessc] 1. An ugly old woman. 2. A 
witch ; a sorceress ; an enchantress. 3. A fury ; a she- 
monster. 4. A cartilaginous fish. 5. Appearances of 
light and fire on horses' manes or men's hair were former- 
ly called hags. 

'H.AG,v.t. 1. To harass; to torment. BwfZer. 2. To tire ; 
to weary with vexation. 

RAG,v.t. [a corruption of /tacfe.] To cut down. Craven 
dialect. 

HAG'BORN, a. Bom of a hag or witch. Shak. 

HAG'GARD, ) a. [G. hager.] 1. Literally, having a rag- 

HAG'ARD, S gefi look, as if hacked or gashed. Hence, 
lean ; meager ; rough ; having eyes sunk in their orbits '; 
ugly. 2. WUd ; fierce ; intractable. 

HAG'GARD, n. 1. Any thing wild and intractable. 2. A 
species of hawk. 3. A hag. 

HAG'GARD, n. [Sax. haga.] A stack-yard. 

HAG'GARD-LY, adv. In a haggard or ugly manner; with 
deformity. Dryden. 

HAG'GED, a. Lean ; ugly ; like a hag. Bray. 

HAG'GESS, 71. 1. A mess of meat, generally pork, chop- 
ped and inclosed in a membrane. 2. A sheep's head and 
pluck minced. Entick. 

HAG'GLE, V. t. [W. hag.] To cut into small pieces ; to 
notch or cut in an unskilful manner ; to make rough by 
cutting; to mangle. 

HAG'GLE, V. i. To be difficult in bargaining ; to hesitate 
and cavil. See Higgle. 

HAG'GLED, pp. Cut irregularly into notches ; made rough 
by cutting ; mangled. 



* See Synopsis A,fl,l,C>,VY,long — FAR, FALL WHAT ;— PREY ;—PlN, MARINE, BIRD ;— ^Obsolete. 



HAL 



395 



HAL 



HAG'GLER, n. 1. One who haggles. 9. One who cavils, 
hesitates and makes difficulty in bargaining. 

HAG'GLING, ppr. Hacking ; mangling ; caviling and hesi- 
tating in bargaining. 

HAGHES, or HAGUES, n. plu. [Teut. haegh.] Haws. 
Grose. 

HAG-I-OG'EA-PHAL, a. Pertaining to hagiography, which 

HAG J-OG'HA-PHER, n. A writer of holy or sacred books. 

HAG-I-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. ayios and ypacpri ; L. hagiog- 
rapha.] Sacred writings. 

HAG'ISH, a. Of the nature of a hag ; deformed j ugly ; hor- 
rid. Shak. 

HAG'-RID-DEN, a. Afflicted with the night-mare. 

HAG'SHIP, n. The state or title of a hag or witch. 

HAGUE'BUT. See ARCiUEBUsE. 

HAH. An exclamation expressing surprise or effort. 

HAIL, n. [Sax. hccgel, or hagel.'j Masses of ice or frozen 
vapor, falling from the clouds m showers or storms. 

HAIL, V. i. To pour down masses of ice or frozen vapors. 

HAIL, V. t. To pour. Shak. 

HAIL, c. [Sax. hal.] Sound; whole; healthy. [In this 
sense, it is usually written hale.] 

HAIL. An exclamation, or rather a verb in the imperative 
mode, being the adjective hail, used as a verb. Hail, be 
well ; be in health ; health to you ; a term of salutation. 

HAIL, n. A Wish of health ; a salutation. Milton. 

HAIL, V. t. To call ; to call to a person at a distance, to ar- 
rest his attention. 

HaILED, pp. Called to from a distance; accosted. 

HaIL'ING, ppr. 1. Saluting; calling to from a distance. 
2._ Pouring down hail. 

t HaIL'SHOT, 71. Small shot which scatter like hailstones. 

HAlL'STOi^E, n. A single massof ice falling from a cloud. 
Dryden. 

HaIL'Y, a. Consisting of hail. Pope. 

HaIN'OUS, a. [Fi. huineux.] Sec Heinous. 

HAIR, n. [Sax. hair.] 1. A small filament issuing from 
the skin of an animal, and from a bulbous root. 2. The 
collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of 
an animal, and forming an integument or covering. 3. 
Any thing very small or fine ; or a very small distance; 
the breadth of a hair. 4, A trifling value. 5. Course ; 
order ; grain ; the hair falling in a certain direction ; [obs.] 
6. Long, straight and distinct filaments on the surface of 
plants ; a species of down or pubescence. 

HAIR'BELL, n. A plant, a species of hyacinth. 

HAIR'-BRAINED. See Hare-brained. 

HAIR'-BREADTH, n. The diameter or breadth of a hair ; 
a very small distance. 

HAIR'CLOTH, n. Stuff or cloth made of hair; or in part 
with hair. 

HAIRED, a. Having hair. Purckas. 

HAIR'HUNG, a. Hanging by a hair. Young. 

HAIR'LACE, n. A fillet for tying up the hair of the head, 

HAIR'LESS, a. Destitute of hair ; bald. S/iak. 

HAIR'I-NESS, n. [from hairy.] The state of abounding or 
being covered with hair. Johnson. 

HAlS'pm^"^^^' j '*• ^ pi" ^^^^ i" dressing the hair. 

HAIR'POW-DER, n. A fine powder of flour for sprinkling 
the hair of the head. 

HAIR'-SALT, n. [G. haar-sah.] A mixture of the sul- 
phates of magnesia and iron. 

HAIR' Worm, n. A genus of worms. 

HAIR'Y, a. I. Overgrown with hair ; covered with hair ; 
abounding with hair. 2. Consisting of hair. 3. Resem- 
bling hair; of the nature of hair. 

HAKE, n. A kind offish, the gadus merlucius. 

HAKE, V. i. To sneak ; to loiter ; to go about idly. Grose. 

HAK'OT, 71. A fish. Ainsworth. 

HAL, in some names, signifies hall. 

HAL'BERD, n. [Fr. hallebarde.] A military weapon, con- 
sisting of a pole or shaft of wood, having a head armed 
with a steel point, with a cross-piece of steel. 

HAL-BER-DIeR' n. One whojs armed with a halberd. 

*HAL'CYON, (hjil'shun) n. [L. halcyon.] The name an- 
ciently given to the king-fisher, otherwise called alcedo ; 
a bird that was said to lay her eggs in nests, on rocks near 
the sea, during the calm weather about the winter sol- 
stice. 

* HAL'CYON, a. Calm ; quiet ; peaceful ; undisturbed ; hap- 
py. Halcyon days were seven days before and as many 
after the winter solstice, when the weather was calm. 
Hence, by halcyon days are now understood days of peace 
.ifid tranquillity, i 

IIAL-CY-O'NI-AN, a. Halcyon; calm. Sheldon. 

HALE, a. [Sax. /laL] Sound; entire; healthy; robust; not 

impaired. See Hail. 
t HALE, 71. Welfare. Spenser. 

* HALE, (hawl) v. t. [Sw. hala ,- Fr. haler.] To pull or 
draw with force ; to drag. This is now more generally 
written and pronounced haul. See Haul. 

HALF, (haf) n. ; plu. Halves, (havz). [Sax. h alf, or he alf.] 



One equal part of a thing which is divided into two 
parts ; a moiety. 

HALF, (haf) v. t. To divide into halves. See Halve. 

HALF, adv. In part, or in an equal part or degree. 

HALF'-BLoOD, n. Relation between persons born of the 
same father or of the same mother, but not of both. The 
word is sometimes used as an adjective. 

HALF'-BL60D-ED, a. 1. Mean ; degenerate ; \little used ] 
2. Proceeding from a male and female, each of full blood, 
but of different breeds. 

HALF'-BRED, a. Mixed ; mongrel ; mean. 

HALF'-€AP, n. A cap not wholly put on. 

HALI''-DEAD, a. Almost dead ; nearly exhausted. 

jHALF'EN, a._ Wanting half its due qualities. Spenser. 

j- HALF'EN-DeAL, adv. [Teut. halfdeel.] Nearly half. 
Spenser. 

HALF'ER, n. One that possesses half only. 2. A male fal- 
low deer gelded. 

HALF'-FaCED, a. Showing only part of the face, 

HALF'-HATCHED, a. Imperfectly hatched. 

HALF'-HE ARD, a. Imperfectly heard ; not heard to the end. 

HALF'-LEARNED, a. Imperfectly learned. South. 

HALF'-LOST, a. Nearly lost. Milton. 

HALF'-MARK, n. A coin ; a noble, or 6s. 8d. sterling. 

HALF'-MOON, n. 1. The moon at the quarters, when 
half its disk appears illuminated. 2. Any thing in the 
shape of a half moon. — In fortification, an outwork com- 
posed of two faces, forming a salient angle, whose gorge is 
in the form of a crescent or half-moon. 

HALF'-PART, n. An equal part. Shak. 

HALF'-PaY, n. Half the amount of wages or salary ; as, 
an officer retires on half-pay 

HALF'-PaY, a. Receiving or entitled to half-pay. 

* HALF'-PEN-NY, (hap'pen-ny, or ha'pen-ny)n. A copper 

coin of the value of half a penny ; also, the value of half 
a penny. It is used in the plural. 

* HALF'-PEN-NY, a. Of the price or value of half a penny. 
*HALF'-PEN-NY- Worth, n. The value of a half-penny- 
HALF'-PlKE, n. 1. A small pike carried by officers. 2. 

A smallpike used in boarding ships. Mar. Diet. 

HALF'-PiNT, n. The half of a pint or fourth of a quart 
Pope. 

HALF'-SEAD, a. Superficially informed by reading. Dry- 
den. 

HALI^'-S€HOL-AR, n. One imperfectly learned. 

HALF'-SeAS o'VER. a low expression denoting half- 
drunk. 

HALF'-SiGHT'ED, a. Seeing imperfectly ; having weak 
discernment. Bacon. 

HALF'-SPHeRE, n. A hemisphere. B. Jonson. 

HALF'-STARVED, a. Almost stai-ved. 

HALF'-STRaINED, a. Half-bred ; imperfect. 

HALF'-SWoRD, n. Within half the length of a sword ; 
close fight. Shak. 

HALF'- WAY, adv. In the middle ; at half the distance. 

HALF'-WaY, a. Equally distant from the extremes ; as, a 
half-way house. 

HALF'-y/IT, n. A foolish person ; a dolt ; a blockhead. 

HALF'-WIT-TED, a. Weak in intellect ; silly ; foolish. 

HAL'I-BUT, n. A fish of the genus pleuronectes. 

t HAL'I-DOM, n. [Sax. haligdome.] Adjuration by what 
is holy. Spenser. 

HAL'I-MASS, n. [Sax. halig, and mass.] The feast of All- 
Souls. 

HAL'ING. See Hauling. 

t HA-LIT'U-OUS, a. [L. halitus.] Like breath ; vaporous. 
Boyle. 

HALL, n. [Sax. heal.] 1. In architecture, a large room at 
the entrance of a house or palace. 2. An edifice in which 
courts of justice are held ; as, Westminster Hall. 3. A 
manor-house, in which courts were formerly held. 4. A 
college, or large edifice belonging to a collegiate institu- 
tion. 5. A room for a corporation or public assembly ; as, 
a town-hall. 6. A collegiate body in the universities of 
Oxford and Cambridge. 

HAL-LE-Lti'JAH, ) ,, , , , , ( n. [Heb. m )h^r\ praise 

HAL-LE-LtJ'IAH, \ Mial-le-lu'ya) | j^ j^^ ^^ Jehovah ; 
improperly written hallelujah.] IPraise ye Jehovah ; give 
praise to God ; a word used in songs of praise,' as a noun, 
or as an exclamation. 

t HAL-LE-LU-JAT'IC, a. Denoting a song of thanksgiv- 
ing. 

HAL'LIARD, (hal'yard) n. A rope or tackle for hoisting or 
lowering a sail. Mar. Diet. 

HAL'LI-ER, m. A kind of net for catbhing birds. 

* HAL'LOO, V. i. [This seems to belong to the family of 
call ; Fr. haler.] To cry out ; to exclaim with a loud 
voice ; to call to by name, or by the word halloo. Sidney. 

HAL-LOO', V. t. 1. To encourage with shouts. 2. To 
chase with shouts. 3. To call or shout to 

HAL-LOO', an exclamation, used as a call to invite atten- 
tion. 

HAL'LOO-ING, ppr. Crying out; as a noun, a loud out- 
cry. 



* See Synopsis M5VE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. 



Obsolete 



HAM 



396 



HAN 



HAL'LoW, V. t. [Sax. haligan, or halgian.] 1. To make 
holy ; to consecrate ; to set apart for holy or religious use. 
2. To devote to holy or religious exercises ; to treat as sa- 
cred. _ 3. To reverence ; to honor as sacred. 

HAL'LoWED, fp. Consecrated to a sacred use, or to re- 
ligious exercises ; treated as sacred ; reverenced. 

HAL'LoW-ING, ppr. Setting apart for sacred purposes ; 
consecrating devoting to religious exercises ; reverenc- 
ing. 

HAL'LoW-MAS, n. The feast of All-Souls. 

t HAL-LU'CI-NATE, v. i. [L. hallucinatus ] To stumble ; 
to blunder. 

HAL-LU-CI-Na'TION, n. [L. hallucinatio.] 1. Error ; 
blunder ; mistake. Addison. — 2. In medicine, faulty sense 
[dysmsthesia] or erroneous imagination. 

HALM, (hawm) n. [Sax. healm.] See Haum. 

Ha'LO, n. A circle appearing round the body of the sun, 
moon or stars, called also corona, or crown. 

HA'LOW, or HE'LOW, a. Shy ; awkward ; bashful. 
Grose. 

fHALSE, n. [Sax. hals.] The neck or throat. Chaucer. 

f HALSE, (hals) v. i. To embrace about the neck ; to ad- 
jure ; to greet. 

t HAL'SEN-ING, a. Sounding harshly in the throat or 
tongue. Careic. 

HALS'ER, (hawz'er) n. A large rope of a size between the 
cable and the tow-line. See Hawser. 

HALT, V. i. [Sax. healt.] 1. To stop in walking ; to hold. 
2. To limp 5 that is, to stop with lameness. 3. To hesi- 
tate ; to stand in doubt whether to proceed, or what to do. 
4. To fail ; to falter. 

HALT, V. t. To stop ; to cause to cease marching ; a mili- 
tary term. Waskington. 

HALT, a. [Sax. healt.] Lame ; that is, holding or stopping 
in walking. 

HALT, n. 1. A stopping ; a stop in marching. 2. The act 
of limping. 

HALT'ER, n. One who halts or limps. 

HALT'ER, 71. [G. halter.'] 1. A rope or strap and head- 
stall for leading or confining a horse. 2. A rope for hang- 
ing malefactors. 3. A strong cord or string. 

HALT'ER, V. t. To put a halter on. 2. To catch and hold, 
or to bind with a rope or cord. 

HALT'ING, ppr. Stopping ; limping. 

HALT'ING-LY, adv. With limping ; slowly. 

HALVE, (hav) v. t. [from half.] To divide into two equal 
parts. 

HALVED, a. In botany, hemispherical ; covering one side ; 
placed on one side. 

HALVES, (havz) n.; phi. of half. Two equal parts of a 
thing. — To cry halves., is to claim an equal share. — To go 
haloes, is to have an equal share. 

HAM [Sax. ham, a house] is our modern word home, [G. 
heim.] It is used in hamlet, and in the names of places, as 
in Walt-ham, wood-house, wait, a wood, and ham, a 
house. 

HAM, 71. [Sax. ham.] 1. The inner or hind part of the 
knee ; the inner angle of the joint which unites the thigh 
and the leg of an animal. 2. The thigh of a beast, partic- 
ularly of a hog, salted and dried in smoke. 

HAM'A-DRY-AD, n. [Gr. apia and ^prj.] A wood nymph. 
Spectator. 

HAM'ATE, a. [L. hamatus.] Hooked ; entangled. 

HAM'A-TED, a. [L. hamatus.] Hooked or set with hooks. 
Swift. 

t HAM'BLE, V. t. [Sax. hamelan.] To hamstring. 

HAME, 71.,- phi. Hames. [G. kummet.] A kind of collar for 
a draught horse. 

HAM'ITE, 77. The fossil remains of a curved shell. 

HAM'LET, n. [Sax. ham ; Fr. hameau.] A small village ; 
a little cluster of houses in the country. 

HAM'LET-ED, a. Accustomed to a hamlet, or to a country 
life. Feltham. 

HAM'MER, 7!. [Sax. hamer.] An instrument for driving 
nails, beating metals, and the like. 

HAM'MER, V. t. 1. To beat with a hammer. 2. To form 
or forge with a hammer; to shape by beating. 3. To 
work in the mind ; to contrive by intellectual labor. 

HAM'MER, V. i. I. To work ; to be busy ; to labor in con- 
trivance. 2. To be working or in agitation. 

HAM'MER-A-BLE, a. That may be shaped by a hammer. 
Sherwood. 

HAMMER-GLOTH, 71. The cloth which covers a coach- 
box. Pegge. 

HAM'MERED, pp. Beaten with a hammer. 

HAM'MER-ER, 71. One who works with a hammer. 

HAM'MER-HARD, 71. Iron or steel hardened by hammer- 
ing. Moxon. 

HaM'MER-ING, ppr. Beating with a hammer; working ; 
contriving. 

HAM'MER-MAN, n. One who beats or works with a ham- 
mer. 

HA]\I'MER-W6RT, 71. An herb. Todd. 

HAM'MITE. See Ammite. 



HAM'MOe, 71, [Sp. ftaTBflca.] A kind of hanging bed, sus, 
pended between trees or posts, or by hooks. 

HAM'OUS, [L. Immus.] Hooked ; having the end hooked 
or curved ; a term of botany. 

HAM'PER, 71. [contracted from hanaper.] 1. A large bas- 
ket Ibr conveying things to market, &c. 2. Fetters, or 
some instmment that shackles. 

HAM'PER, 75. t. 1. To shackle ; to entangle ; hence, to 
impede in motion or progress, or to render progress diffi- 
cult. Tillotson. 2. To insnare ; to inveigle ; to catch with 
allurements. 3. To tangle ; to render complicated. 4. 
To perplex ; to embarrass. 

HAM'PERED, pp. Shackled ; entangled ; insnared ; per- 
plexed. 

HAMTER-ING, ppr. Shackling ; entangling ; perplexing. 

HAM'STER, 71. [G. hamster.] A species of rat. 

HAM'STRING, 71. The tendons of the ham. Wiseman. 

HAM'STRING, v. t.; pret. and pp. hamstrung, ox hamstring- 
ed. To cut the tendons of the ham, and thus to lame or 
disable. 

HAN, for have, in the plural. Spenser. 

HAN'A-PER, 71. [Norm, hanap.] The hanaper was a kind 
of basket used in early days by the kings of England, for 
holding and carrying with them their money, as they 
journeyed from place to place. 

t HANCE, HAUNCE, for enhance. See Enhance. 

HAN'CES, 77. phi. [L. ansa.] 1. In architecture, the ends 
of elliptical arches. — 2. In a ship, falls of the fife-rails 
placed on balusters on the poop and quarter-deck down to 
the gangway. 

HAND, n. [Sax. hand, hond ; G. and D. hand.] 1. In man^ 
the extremity of the arm, consisting of the palm and fin- 
gers, connected with the arm at the wrist. — 2. In falcon- 
ry, the foot of a hawk ; and, in the manege, the fore-foot 
of a horse. 3. A measure of four inches ; a palm. 4. 
Side ; part ; right or left ; as, on the one hand or the other. 
5. Act ; deed ; performance ; external action ; that is, the 
effect for the cause, the hand being the instrument of ac- 
tion. 6. Power of performance ; skill. 7. Power of 
making or producing. 8. Manner of acting or perform- 
ance. 9. Agency ; part in performing or executing. 10. 
Conveyance ; agency in transmitting. 11. Possession ; 
power. 12. The cards held at a game ; hence, a game. 
13. That which performs the office of the hand nr of a 
finger in pointing. 14. A person ; an agent ; a man em- 
ployed in agency or sei-vice. 15. Form of writing ; style 
of penmanship. 16. Agency; service; ministry. 

At hand. 1. Near ; either jpresent and within reach, or not 
far distant. 2. Near in time ; not distant. — Li hand. 1. 
present payment ; in respect to the receiver. 2. Ln a 
state of execution, — Gn hand. 1. In present possession. 
2. Under one's care or management. — Of)' hand, without 
delay, hesitation or difficulty ; immediately ; dextrously; 
without previous preparation. — Otit of hand, ready pay- 
ment ; with regard to the payer. — To fiis hand, to my hand. 
Sec, in readiness ; already prepared ; ready to be receiv- 
ed. — Under his hand, under her hand, &c., with the proper 
writing or signature of the name, — Hand over head, negli- 
gently ; rashly ; without seeing what one does. Bacon. — 
Hand over Jmnd, by passing the hands alternately one be- 
fore or above another, as to climb hand over hand ; also, 
rapidly, as to come up with a chase hand over hand ; used 
by seamen. Mar. Diet. — Hand to hand, in close union ; 
close fight. — Hand in hand, in union ; conjointly ; united- 
ly, — Tu join hand in hand, is to unite efforts and act in con- 
cert. — Hand in hand, fit ; pat ; suitable. — Hand to mouth. 
To live from -hand to mouth, is to obtain food and other 
necessaries as want requires. — To bear a hand, to hasten ; 
a seaman's phrase. — To be liand and glove, to be intimate 
and familiar. — To set the hand to, to engage in ; to under- 
take. — To take in hand, to attempt; to undertake. — To 
have a hand in, to be concerned in ; to have a part or con- 
cern in doing ; to have an agency in. — To put the last 
hand or finishing hand to, to complete; to perfect, — To 
change hands, to change sid«s ; to shift, — A heavy hand, 
severity or oppression, — A light hand, gentleness ; moder- 
ation, — A strict hand, severe discipline ; rigorous govern- 
ment, — Hands off, a vulgar phrase for keep off, forbear, — 
To wash the hands, to profess innocence. — To kiss the hand, 
imports adoration,-^ To lean on the hand, imports familiar- 
ity. — To strike hands, to make a contract, or to become 
surety for another's debt or good behavior. — Putting the 
hand under the thigh was an ancient ceremony used in 
swearing. — To give the hand, is to make a covenant with 
one, or to unite with him in design. — Clean hands de- 
notes innocence and a blameless and holy life. Ps. xxiv. 
— A slack hand denotes idleness ; carelessness ; sloth. — 
The right hand denotes power; strength. 

HAND, V. t. 1. To give or transmit .with the hand. 2. To 
lead, guide and lift with the hand ; to conduct. 3. To 
manage. 4. To seize ; to lay hands on ; [not used.] — 5. 
In seamanship, to furl; to wrap or roll a sail close to the 
yard, stay or mast, and fasten it with gaskets. — To hand 



* See Synopsis. A E I O, tj, ■?, long.— FKTi, FALL, WHAT :— PREY ;— PTN, MARINE, BtRD ;— t Obsolete. 



HAN 



397 



HAN 



down, to tremsmit in succession, as from fatlier to son, or 
from predecessor to successor. 

I HAND, V. i. To go hand in liand ; to cooperate with. 

HAND'BALLjW. An ancient game with a ball. 

HAND'BAR-RoW, n. A barrow or vehicle borne by the 
hands of men and without a wheel. 

HAND'BASK-ET, n. A small or portable basket. 

IIAND'BELL, n. A small bell rung by the hand ; a table 
bell. Bacon. 

HAND'BoW, n. A bow managed by the hand. 

HAND'BREADTH, ?i, A space equal to the breadth of the 
hand ; a palm. Ex. xxv. 

HAND'€LOTH, n. A handkerchief. 

HAND'€UFF, n. [Sax. handccpscl A manacle, consisting 
of iron rings for the wrists. 

HAND'eUFF, V. t. To manacle ; to confine the hands with 
handcuffs. 

HAND'CRAFT, n. Work performed by the hands ; usually 
written handicraft. 

HAND'ED, pp. Given or transmitted by the hands ; conduct- 
ed; furled. 

HAND'ED, a. 1. With hands joined. Milton.— % In com- 
position, as right-handed, most dextrous or strong with the 
right hand. — Left-handed, having the left hand most strong 
and convenient for principal use. 

HAND'ER, n. One who hands or transmits. 

t HAND'FAST, n. Hold ; custody ; power of confining or 
keeping. 

t HAND'FXST, a. Fast by contract ; firm. 

I HAND'FAST, 1). *, [B&x.handfaistan.'l To pledge ; to be- 
troth ; to bind ; to join solemnly by the hand. 

fHAND'FAST-ING, n. A kind of betrothing, or marriage 
contract. 

HAND'-FET-TER, n. A fetter for the hand ; a manacle. 

HAND'FUL, n. 1. As much as the ha ad will grasp or con- 
tain. 2. As much as the arms will embrace. 3. A palm ; 
four inches ; [o&5.] 4. A small quantity or number. 5. 
As much as can be done ; full employment. 

HAND'GAL-LOP, n. A slow and easy gallop, in which 
the hand presses the bridle to hinder increase of speed. 

HAND'GLASS, n. In gardening, a glass Tised for placing 
over, protecting and forwarding various plants, in win- 
ter. 

HAND-GRE-NaDE', n. A grenade to be thrown by the 
hand. 

HAr<fD'GUN, n. A gun to be used by the hand. 

HAND'I-CRAFT, n. [Sax. handcrceft.] 1. Manual occu- 
pation ; work performed by the hand. 2. A man who 
obtains his living by manual labor; one skilled in some 
mechanical art. 

HAND'I-€RAFTS-MAN, n. A man skilled or employed in 
manual occupation ; a manufacturer. 

HAND'I-LY, adv. 1. With dexterity or skill ; dextrously ; 
adroitly. 2. With ease or convenience. 

HAND'I-NESS, n. The ease of performance derived from 
practice ; dexterity ; adroitness. Chesterfield. 

HAND'I-WoRK, 71. [for hand-work.] 1. Work of the 
hands ; product of manual labor ; manufacture. 2. Work 
performed by power and wisdom. 

HAND'KER-CHIeF, n. [hand and kerchief.] 1. A piece 
of cloth, usually silk or linen, carried about the person 
for the pm-pose of cleaning the face or hands, as occasion 
requires. 2. A piece of cloth to be worn about the neck, 
and sometimes called a neckerchief. 

fHAND'LAN-GUAGE, n. The art of conversing by the 
hands. 

HAN'DLE, v. t. [G. handeln.] 1. To touch ; to feel with 
the hand ; to us^ or hold with the hand. 2. To manage ; 
to use ; to wield. 3. To make familiar by frequent touch- 
ing. 4. To treat; to discourse on ; to discuss ; to use or 
manage in writing or speaking. 5. To use ; to deal with ; 
to practice. 6. To treat ; to use well or ill. 7. To man- 
age ; to practice on ; to transact with. 

HAN'DLE, n. [Sax.; qu. L. ansa.] 1. That part of a ves- 
sel or instrument which is held in the hand when used, 
as the haft of a sword. 2. That of which use is made ; 
the instrument of effecting a purpose. 

HAN'DLE- A-BLE, a. That may be handled. Sherwood. 

HA]ND'LEAD, n. A lead for sounding. 

HAN'DLED, pp. Touched; treated; managed. 

HAND'LESS, a. Without a hand. Shak. 

HAND'LING, ppr. Touching; feeling; treating; man- 
aging. 

HAND'MAID ) n. A maid that warts at hand ; a fe- 

HAND'MAID-EN, \ male servant or attendant. 

HAND'MILL, n. A mill moved by the hand. Dryden. 

HAND'SaILS, n. Sails managed by the hand. 

HAND'SAW, 71. A saw to be u^ed with the hand. 

HAND'S€REW, n. An engine for raising heavy timbers 
or weights ; a jack. 

HAND'SEL, n. [Dan. handsel.] 1. The first act of using 
any thing ; the first sale. 2. An earnest ; money for the 
first sale ; [little used.] Hooker. 

HAND'SEL, V t. To use or do any thing the first time. 



HAND'S6ME, (han'sum) a. [D. handzaam.] 1. Properly, Hex 
trous ; ready; convenient. [See Handy.] 2. Moderately 
beautiful, as the person or other thing ; well made ; having 
symmetry of parts ; well formed. It expresses less than 
beautiful or elegant. 3. Graceful in manner ; marked with 
propriety and ease. 4. Ample ; large. 5. Neat ; correct ; 
moderately elegant. 6. Liberal ; generous. 

HAND'SoME, as a verb, to render neat or beautiful, is not 
an authorized word. Donne. 

HAND'S6ME-LY, adv. 1. Dextrously; cleverly; with 
skill. 2. Gracefully ; with propriety and ease. 3. Neat- 
ly ; with due symmetry or proportions. 4. With a de- 
gree of beauty. 5. Amply; generously; liberally. 

HAND'SoME-NESS, n. 1. A moderate degree of beauty 
or elegance. 2. Grace ; gracefulness ; ease and propriety 
in manner. 

HAND'SPiKE, 71. A wooden bar, used with the hand as a 
lever, for various purposes. 

HAND'STAFF, n. A javelin ; plu. Handstaves. 

HAND'VlSE, 71. A vise used by hand. 

HAND'WEAP-ON, 7i. Any weapon to be wielded by the 
hand. JVumb. xxxv. 

HAND'WoRK, 71. The same as handiwork. 

HAND'WoRKED, a. Made with hands. 

HAND'WRlT-ING, 7i. 1. The cast or form of writing pe- 
culiar to each hand or person. 2. Any writing. 

Hv^ND'Y, a. [D. handig.] I. Performed by the hand; 
[obs.] 2. Dextrous ; ready ; adroit ; skilled to use the 
hands with ease in performance. 3. Ingenious ; perform- 
ing with skill and readiness. 4. Ready to the hand ; 
near. 5. Convenient ; suited to the use of the hand. 6. 
Near ; that may be used without difficulty or going to a 
distance. 

HAND'Y-BLoW, 7i. A blow with the hand. 

HAND Y-DAN-DY, 7i. A play in which children cliange 
hands and places. Shak. 

HAND'Y-GRIPE, 7i. Seizure by the hand. Hudibras. 

HAND'Y-STROKE, ?i. A blow inflicted by the hand. 

HANG, V. t.j pret. and pp. hanged, or hung. [Sax. hangan,] 1. 
To suspend ; to fasten to some fixed object above, in such a 
manner as toswingormove. 2. To put to death by suspend- 
ing by the neck. 3. To place without any solid support 
or foundation. 4. To fix in ^uch a manner as to be mov- 
able. 5. To cover or furnish by any thing suspended or 
fastened to the walls. Dryden. — To hang out. 1. To sus- 
pend in open view ; to display ; to exhibit to notice. 2. 
To hang abroad ; to susjjend in the open air. — To hang 
over, to jsroject or cause to project above. — To hang down, 
to let fall below the proper situation ; to bend down ; to 
decline. — To hang up. I. To suspend ; to place on some- 
thing fixed on high. 2. To suspend ; to keep or suffer to 
remain undecided. 

HANG, V. i. 1. To be suspended ; to be sustained by some- 
thing above, so as to swing or be movable below. 2. To 
dangle ; to be loose and flowing below. 3. To bend for- 
ward or downward ; to lean or incline. 4. To float ; to 
play. 5. To|be supported by something raised above the 
ground. 6. To depend ; to rest on something for support. 
7. To rest on by embracing ; to cling to. 8. To hover ; 
to impend ; with over. 9. To be delayed ; to linger. 10. 
To incline ; to have a steep declivity. 11. To be execut- 
ed by the halter. — To hang on. 1. To adhere to, often as 
something troublesome and unwelcome. 2. To adhere 
obstinately ; to be importunate. 3. To rest ; to reside ; to 
continue. 4. To be dependent on. — 5. In seamen^s lan- 
guage, to hold fast without belaying ; to pull forcibly.^ 
To hang in doubt, to be in suspense, or in a state of uncer- 
tainty. — To hang together. 1. To be closely united ; to 
cling. 2. To be just united, so as barely to hold together. 
Shak, — To hang on or upon, to drag; to be incommo- 
diously joined. — To hang to, to adhere closely ; to cling. 

HANG, 7!_. A sharp declivity. [Colloquial.] 

HANG'BY, n. A dependent, in contempt. Ray. 

HANGED, pp. Suspended ; put to death by being suspend- 
ed by the neck. 

HANG'ER, 71. 1. That by which a thing is suspended. 2. 
A short broad sword, incurvated towards the point. 3. 
One that hangs, or causes to be hanged. 

HANG'ER-ON, n. 1. One who besets another importunate- 
ly in soliciting favors. 2. A dependent ; one who eats 
and drinks without payment. 

HANG'ING, ppr. 1. Suspending to something above. 2 
Being suspended ; dangling ; swinging. 3. a. Foreboding 
death by the halter. 4. Requiring punishment by the 
halter. 

HANG'ING, n. 1. Any kind of drapery hung or tasteneo to 
the walls of a room, by way of ornament. 2. Death by 
the halter. 3. Display ; exhibition. 

fHANG'ING-SLEEVE.?, n. Strips of the same stuff with 
the gown, hanging down the back from the shoulders. 

HANG'TNG-SIDE, n. In mining, the overhanging side of 
an inclined or hading vein. Cyc. 

HANG'MAN, n. One who hangs another; a public execu- 
tioner ; also, a term of reproach. 



» See Synopsk MOVE, BOOK , DoVE ;— BTJLL, UNITE — € as K j 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as :.-i this, t Obsolete 



HAR 



398 



HAR 



HANG'NEST, 71. The name of certain species of birds. 

HANK, 71. [Dan. hank.] 1. A skain of thread ; as much 
thread as is tied together ; a tie.— 2. In ships, a wooden 
ring fixed to a stay, to confine tlie stay-sails ; used in the 
place of a grommet. 3. A rope or withy for fastening a 
gate ; \local.] 

HANK, ?>. f. To form into hanks. 

H ANK'ER, V. i. [D. hunkeren.] 1. To long for with a keen 
appetite and uneasiness 2. To have a vehement desire 
of something, accompanied with uneasiness. 

HANK'ER-INGj^'i'r. Longing for with keen appetite or ar- 
dent desire. 

HANK'ER-ING, ir. A keen appetite that causes uneasiness 
till it is gratified ; vehement desire to possess or enjoy. 

t HAN^'KLE, v.t.' [See Hank.] To twist. 

HA'NT. A contraction of have not, or has not. 

HANSE TOWNS. Hanse signifies a society ; Goth, hansa, 
a multitude. The Hanse towns, in Ger/Hanj/, were cer- 
tain commercial cities which associated for the p- -->»ction 
of commerce, as early as the twelfth century. 

HAN-SE-AT'I€, a. Pertaining to the Hanse towns. 

HAP, 71. [W. hap, or hab.] 1.' That which comes suddenly 
or unexpectedly ; chance ; fortune ; accident 3 casual 
event. 2. Misfortune ; [obsolescent.] 

t HAP, V. i. To happen ; to befall ; to come by chance. 

HAP ) 

HAP'PIN "• A J^"g 3 a coarse coverlet. 

HAP-HAZ'ARD, 71. [See Hazard.] Chance; accident. 

HAP'LESS, a. Luckless ; unfortunate ; unlucky ; unhappy. 
Drvden. 

HAP'LY, adv. 1. By chance ; perhaps; it may be. 2. By 
accident ; casuallv. Milteii. 

HAP'PEN, (hap'u)" v. i. [W. hapiaw.] 1. To come by 
chance ; to come without one's previous expectation ; to 
fall out. 2. To come ; to befall. 3. To light ; to fall or 
come unexpectedly. 

HAP'PEN, or HAPTENS, adv. Possibly ; perhaps. J^Torth 
of England. 

HAP'PI-LY, adv. 1. By good fortune ; fortunately ; luckily; 
with success. 2. In a happy state ; in a state of felicity. 
3. With address or dexterity ; gracefully ; in a manner to 
insure success. 4. By chance. See Haply. 

HaP'PI-NESS, 71. 1. The agreeable sensations which spring 
from the enjoyment of good ; that state of a being in 
which his desires are gratified ; felicity ; but happiness 
usually expresses less than /eZicij?,/, and felicity less than 
bliss. 2. Good luck ; good fortune. 3. Fortuitous ele- 
gance ; unstudied grace. 

HAP PI-FY-ING, part. a. Making happy. [Unauthorized.] 

HAPPY, a. [from hap : W. hapits.] 1. Lucky ; fortunate ; 
successful. 2. Being in the enjoyment of agreeable sen- 
sations from the possession of good ; enjoying pleasure 
from the gratification of appetites or desires. 3. Prosper- 
ous ; having secure possession of good. 4. That supplies 
pleasure; that furnishes enjoyment; agreeable. 5. Dex- 
trous ; ready ; able. 6. Blessed ; enjoying the presence 
and favor of God, in a future life. 7. Harmonious ; living 
in concord ; enjoying the pleasures of friendship. 8. Pro- 
pitious ; favorable. Shak. 

*HA-RANGUE-, (ha-rang', or har'ang) n. [Fr. harangue.] 
1. A speech addressed to an assembly or an army ; a pop- 
ular oration ; a public address. 2. Declamation ; a noisy, 
pompous or irregular address. 

HA-RANGUE', (ha-rang') v. i. To make an address or 
speech to a large assembly ; to make a noisy speech. 

HA-RANGUE', (ha-rang') v. t. To address by oration ; as, 
the general harangued the troops. 

HA-RANGU'ER, (ha-rang'er) ??. An orator; one who ad- 
dresses an assembly or ai-my ; a noisy declaimer. 

HA-RANGU'ING, ^;;r. Declaiming; addressing with noisy 
eloquence. 

HAR' ASS, V. t. [Fr. harasscr.] I. To weary ; to fatigue to 
excess ; to tire with bodily labor. 2. To weary with im- 
portunity, care, or perplexity ; to tease ; to perplex. 3. 
To waste or desolate ; [ohs.] 

HAR'ASS, 71. Waste ; disturbance ; devastation. 

HAR'ASSED, pp. Wearied ; tired ; teased. 

HAR'ASS-ER, 7;. One who harasses or teases ; a spoiler. 

HAR'ASS-ING, ppr. Tiring ; fatiguing ; teasing. 

HS.RBIN-GER, 71. 1. In England, an officer of the king's 
household, who rides a day's journey before the court 
when traveling, to provide lodgings and other accommo- 
dations. 2. A forerunner ; a precursor ; that which pre- 
cedes and gives notice of the expected arrival of some- 
thing else. 

HARBOR, 71. [Sax. here-lerga ; D. herherg ,- Dan., Sw., G. 
herberge.] 1. A lodging ; a place of entertainment and 
lest. 2. A port or haven for ships. 3. An asylum ; a 
shelter ; a place of safety from storms or danger. 

H&R'BOR, V. t. 1. To shelter ; to secure ; to secrete. 2, To 
entertain ; to permit to lodge, rest or reside. - 

H'^R BOR, V. i. 1. To lodge or abide for a time ; to receive 
entertainment. 2. To take shelter. 

f H^R'BOR-AGE, n. Shelter ; entertainment. Shak. 



HAR'BORED, pp. Entertamed ; sheltered. 

HAR'BOR-ER, n. One who entertains or shelters another. 

HAR'BOR-ING, ppr. Entertaining; sheltering. 

HaR'BOR-LESS, a. Without a harbor ; destitute of shelter 
or a lodging. 

HaR'BOR-MAS-TER, n An officer who has charge of the 
mooring of ships, and executes the regulations respecting 
harbors. J\'*e?o York. 

t HAR'BOR-OUGH, V. t. To receive into lodging. Huloct. 

t HaR'BOR-OUGH, n. A harbor or lodging. 

t HaR'BOR-OUS, a. Heritable. 

HARD, a. [Sax. heard.] 1. Firm ; solid ; compact ; not 
easily penetrated, or separated iiito parts ; not yielding to 
pressure. 2. Difficult ; not easy to the intellect. 3. Diffi- 
cult of accomplishment ; not easy to be done or executed. 
4. Full of difficulties or obstacles ; not easy to be travel 
ed. 5. Painful ; difficult ; distressing. 6. Laborious ; fa- 
tiguing ; attended with difficulty or pain, or both. 7. Op- 
pressive ; rigorous ; severe ; cruel. 8. Unfeeling ; insensi- 
ble ; not easily moved by pity ; not susceptible of Tender af- 
fections. 9. Severe ; harsh ; rough ; abusive. 10 Unfavor- 
able ; unkind ;, implying blame of another. ' ... Sev«re ; 
rigorous ; oppressive. 12. Unreasonable ; unjust. 13. 
Severe ; pinching with cold ; rigorous ; tempestuous. 14. 
Powerful : forcible ; urging ; pressing close on. 15. Aus- 
tere ; rough ; acid ; sour; as liquoi"S. 16. Harsh ; stiff; 
forced ; constrained ; unnatural. 17. Not plentiful ; not 
prosperous ; pressing ; distressing. 18. Avaricious ; diffi- 
cult in making bargains ; close. 19. Rough ; of coarse 
features. 20. Austere ; severe ; rigorous. 21. Rude ; un- 
polished or unintelligible. 22. Coarse ; unpalatable or 
scanty. 

HARD, adv. 1. Close ; near ; as in the phrase, hard by. 2. 
With pressure ; v/ith urgency ; hence, diligently ; labori- 
ously ; earnestly; vehemently; importunately. 3. With 
difficulty. 4. Uneasily ; vexatiously. 5. Closely. 6. 
Fast ; nimbly ; rapidly ; vehemently. 7. Violently ; 
with great force ; tempestuously. 8. With violence ; 
with a copious descent of water. 9. With force. — Hard- 
a-lce, in seamen's language, an order to put the helm 
close to the lee side of the ship, to tack or keep her head 
to the wind ; also, that situation of the helm. 

HARD'-BE-SET'TING, a. Closely besetting or besieging. 
Milton. 

HARD'BOUND, a. Costive ; fast or tight. Pope. 

HARD'EARNED, a. Earned with toil and difiiculty. Burke. 

HARD'EN, (hav'dn) v.t. 1. To make hard or more hard ; to 
make firm or compact ; to indurate. 2. To confirm in ef- 
frontery ; to make unpudent. 3. To make obstinate, un- 
yielding or refractory. 4. To confirm in wickedness, op- 
position or enmity ; to make obdurate. 5. To make in- 
sensible or unfeeling. 6. To make firm ; to endue with 
constancy. 7. To inure ; to render firm or less liable to 
injury, by exposure or use. 

HARD'EN, (hiir'dn) v.l. 1. To become hard or more hard ; 
to acquire solidity or more compactness. 2. To become 
unfeeling. 3. To become inured. 4. To indmate, as 
flesh. 

HARD'ENED, pp. Made hard, or more hard or compact ; 
made unfeeling ; made obstinate ; confirmed in error or 
vice. 

HARD'EN-ER, n. He or that which makes hard, or more 
firm and compact. 

HARD'EN-ING, ppr. Making hard or more compact ; mak- 
ing obdurate or unfeeling ; confirming ; becoming more 
hard. 

HARD'EN-ING, n. The giving a greater degree of hardness 
to bodies than they had before. Encyc. 

HARD'Fa-VORED, a. Having coarse features ; harsh of 
countenance. Dryden. 

HARD'FA-VOR-ED-NteSS, 7!. Coarseness of features 

HARD'FeAT-URED, a. Having coarse features. 

HARD'FIST-ED, a. Close-fisted ; covetous. Hall. 

HARD'FOUGHT', a. Vigorously contested. 

HARD'GOT-TEN, a. Obtained with difficulty. 

HARD'HAND-ED, a. Having hard hands, as a laborer. 

HARD'HEAD, n. Clash or collision of heads in contest. 

HARD-HEART'ED, a. Cruel ; pitiless ; merciless ; unfeel- 
ing ; inhuman ; inexorable. Dryden. 

HARD-HEART'ED-NESS, n. Want of feeling or tender- 
ness ; cruelty ; inhumanity. South. 

HARD'I-HOOD, 72. Boldness, united with firmness and con- 
stancv ofniind ; dauntless braverv ; intrepidity. 

HARD'i-LY, adv. 1. With great boldness ; stoutly. Scott 
2. With hardship ; not tenderly. Goldsmith. 

HARD'I-NESS, 7!. [Fr. hardiesse.] 1. Boldness ; firm cour- 
age ; intrepidity ; stoutness ; bravery. 2. Firmness of 
body derived from laborious exercises. 3. Hardship ; fa- 
tigue ; [obs.] 4. Excess of confidence ; assurance ; ef- 
fronterv. 

HARD-La'BORED, a. Wrought with severe labor; elabo- 
rate ; studied. Sicift. 

HARD'LY, adr. 1. With difficulty ; with great labor. 2. 
Scarcely ; barely ; almost not. Sojith. 3. Not quite or 



* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, "?, Zona-.— FAR, FALL WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BtRD : 



I Obsolete. 



HAR 



399 



HAR 



wholly. 4. Grudgingly, as an injury. 5. Severely ; un- 
favorably. 6. Rigorously ; oppressively. 7. Unwelcomely j 
harshly. 8. Coarsely ; roughly ; not softly. 

IIARD'-MOUTHED, a. Not sensible to the bit ; not easily 
governed. Dryden. 

HARD'NESS, ?i. 1. Firmness ; close union of the component 
parts ; compactness ; solidity ; the quality of bodies which 
resists impression. 2. Difficulty to be understood. 3. Dif- 
ficulty to be executed or accomplished. 4. Scarcity ; pen- 
ury ; difficulty of obtaining money. 5. Obduracy ; im- 
penitence ; confirmed state of wickedness. 6. Coarse- 
ness of features ; harshness of look. 7. Severity of cold ; 
rigor. 8. Cruelty of temper ; savageness ; harshness. 9. 
Stiffness ; harshness ; roughness. 10. Closeness ; niggard- 
liness ; stinginess. 11. Hardship ; severe labor, trials or 
sufierings. 

HARD'NIBBED, a Having a hard nib or point. 

HAR'DOCK, n. Probably hoardock, dock with whitish 
leaves. Shak. 

HaRDS, 71. The refuse or coarse part of flax ; tow. 

HaRD'SHIP, n. 1. Toil ; fatigue ; severe labor or want. 
2. Injury ; oppression ; injustice. 

HaRD'VIS-AGED, a. Having coarse features ; of a harsh 
countenance. Bwke. 

HARD'VVARE, n. Wares made of iron or other metal, as 
pots, kettles, saws, knives, &c. 

HARD'WARE-MAN, n. A maker or seller of hardwares. 

HARD'Y, a. [Fr. liardi ; Norm, hardy.'] 1. Bold ; brave ; 
stout 3 daring ; resolute ; intrepid. 2. Strom ; firm j com- 
pact. 3. Confident ; full of assurance ; impudent ; stub- 
born to excess. 4. Inured to fatigue ; rendered firm by 
exercise, as a veteran soldier. 

HAR, HARE, HERE, in composition, signify an army, Sax. 
here, G. hcer, D. heir. So Harold is a general of an army. 

HARE, n. [Sax. hara : Dan., Sw. hare.] 1. A quadruped 
of the genus lepus, with long ears, a short taU, soft hair, 
and a divided upper lip. It is a timid animal, moves by 
leaps, and is remarkable for its fecundity. 2. A constel- 
lation. 

f HARE, -a. t. [Norm, haver, harler.] To fright, or to ex- 
cite, tease and harass, or worry. Locke. 

HARE'BELL, n. A plant of the genus hyacinthus, with 
campaniform or bell-shaped flowers. 

HARE'BRaINED, a. [hare and brain.] Wild ; giddy 5 vol- 
atile ; heedless. Bacon. 

HARE'FOOT, n. A bird ; a plant. Ainsworth. 

HARE'HEART-ED, a. Timorous ; easily frightened. 

IIARE'HOUND, n. A hound for hunting hares. 

HARE'HUNT-ER, n. One who hunts or is used to hunting 
hares. 

HARE'HUNT-ING, n. The hunting of hares. 

HARE'LIP, n. A divided upper lip, like that of a hare 

HARE'LIPPED, a. Having a harelip. 

HARE'MINT, n. A plant. Mnsicorth. 

HARE'PIPE, n. A snare for catching liares. 

HARE'S'-eAR, n. A plant of the genus bupleurum. 

HARE'S'-LET-TUCE, n. A plant of the genus sonchus. 

HARE'WoRT, n. A plant. 

HAR'EM, n. [Ar. harama.] A seraglio ; a place where 
Eastern princes confine their women, who are prohibited 
from the society of others. 

HA-REN'GI-FORM, a. Shaped like a herring. 

HARI-COT, n. [Fr.] 1. A kind of ragout of meat and 
roots. — 2. In French, beans. 

HAR'I-ER, ) n. A dog for hunting hares ; a kind of hound 

HAR RI-ER, ) with an acute sense of smelling. 

fHAR-I-O-LA'TION, n. [1.. haHolatio.] Soothsaying. 

HA'RISH, a. Like a hare. 

HARK, V. i. [contracted from hea7-ken.] To listen ; to lend 
the ear. Shak. 

HARL, or H^^RL, n. 1. The skin of flax 5 the filaments of 
flax or hemp. 2. A filamentous substance. Mortimer. 

HAR'LE-aUIN, n. [Fr. harlequin.] A buffoon, dressed in 
party-colored clothes, who plays tricks, like a merry-an- 
drew, to divert the populace. 

HAR'LE-Q,UIN, v. i. To play the droll ; to make sport by 
playing ludicrous tricks. 

HAR'LOCK, n. A plant. Drayton. 

HAR'LOT, 71. [W. herlawd, herlodes.] 1. A woman who 
prostitutes her body for hire ; a prostitute ; a common wo- 
man. — 2. In Scripture, one who forsakes the true God and 
worships idols. 3. A servant ; a rogue ; a cheat ; [obs.] 
Chaucer. 

HAR'LOT, a. Wanton ; lewd ; low ; base. Shak. 

HAR'LOT, V. i. To practice lewdness. Milton. 

IJAR'LOT-RY, 71. The trade or practice of prostitution ; 
habitual or customary lewdness. Dryden. 

HARM, n. [Sax. hearm, or harm.] 1. Injury ; hurt ; dam- 
age ; detriment. 2. Moral wrong ; evil ; mischief; wick- 
edness. 

HARM, V. t. To hurt ; to injure ; to damage ; to impair 
soundness of body. 

HAR-MAT'TAN, n. A dry easterly wind in Africa. 

HARMED, pp. Injured ; hurt ; damaged. 



HAR'MEL, n. The wild African rue. 

HARM'FIJL, a. Hurtful ; injurious ; noxious ; detrimental 
mischievous. 

HARM'FUL-LY, adv. Hurtfully ; injuriously. 

HARM'FIJL-NESS, n. Hurtfulness ; noxiousness 

HARM'ING, ppr. Hurting ; injuring. 

HARM'LESS, a. 1. Not hurtful or injurious ; innoxious. 2. 
Unhurt ; undamaged ; uninjured. 3. Innocent ; not 
guUty. 

HARM'LESS-LY, adv. 1. Innocently ; without fault or 
crime. 2. Without hurt or damage. 

HARM'LESS-NESS, 71. 1. The quality of being innoxious ; 
freedom from a tendency to injure. 2. Innocence. 

HAR-MON'I€, or HAR-MON'I-CAL, a. 1. Relating to har- 
mony or music. 2. Concordant ; musical ; consonant. 
3. An epithet applied to the accessary sounds wiiich ac- 
company the predominant and apparently simple tone of 
any chord or string. 

HAR-MON'I-CA, n. A collection of musical glasses of a par- 
ticular form, so arranged as to produce exquisite music. 
Encyc. 

HAR-MON'I€S, n. 1. Harmonious sounds ; consonances. 
2. The doctrine or science of musical sounds. 3. Deriva- 
tive sounds, generated with predominant sounds, and pro- 
duced by subordinate vibrations of a chord or string, when 
its whole length' vibrates. 4. Grave harmonics aw low 
sounds which accompany every perfect consonance of 
two sounds. 

HAR-Mo'NI-OUS, a. 1. Adapted to each other ; having the 
parts proportioned to each other; symmetrical. 2. Con- 
cordant ; consonant ; symphonious ; musical. 3. Agree- 
ing ; living in peace and friendship. 

HAR-Mo'NI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With just adaptation and 
proportion of parts to each other. 2. With accordance of 
sounds ; musically 3 in concord. 3. In agreement ; in 
peace and friendship. 

HAR-Mo'NI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Proportion and adaptation 
of parts 3 niusicalness. 2. Agreement 3 concord. 

HAR'MO-NIST, 71. 1. A musician 3 a composer of music. 
2. One who brings together corresponding passages, to 
show their agreement. 

HAR'MO-NlZE, v. i. 1. To be in concord ; to agree in 
sounds. 2. To agree 3 to be in peace and friendship, as 
individuals or families. 3. To agree in sense or purport. 

HAR'MO-NiZE, v. t. 1. To adjust in fit proportions 3 to 
cause to agree. 2. To make musical ; to combine accord- 
ing to the laws of counterpoint. 

HAR'MO-NlZED, pp. Made to be accordant. 

HAR'MO-NlZ-ER, n. 1. One that brings together or recon- 
ciles. — 2. In music, a practical harmonist. 

HAR'MO-NlZ-ING, ppr. Causing to agree. 

HAR-MO-NOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. a^piovia and jxerpov.] An 
instrument or monochord for measurmg the harmonic re- 
lations of sounds. 

HAR'MO-NY, 71. [L. harmonia.] 1. The just adaptation of 
parts to each other, in any system or composition of 
things, intended to form a connected whole. 2. Just pro- 
portion of sound 3 consonance 3 musical concord. 3. Con- 
cord 3 agreement 3 accordance in facts. 4. Concord or 
agreement 3 good correspondence 3 peace and friend- 
ship. 

HAR'MOST, 71. [Gr. apixoarnp.] In ancient Greece, a Spar- 
tan governor, regulator or prefect. Mitfcrf'. 

HAR'MO-TOME, n. [Gr. apixos.] In mineralogy, cross- 
stone, or staurolite, called also pyramidical zeolite. 

HAR'NESS, n. [W, harnaes ; Fr. harnois.] 1. Armor 3 tlie 
whole accoutrements or equipments of a knight or horse- 
man. 2. The furniture of a draught horse, whether for a 
wagon, coach, gig, chaise, &c. 3 called, in som.e of the 
.American states, tackle, or tackling. 

HAR'NESS, V. 1. 1. To dress in armor 3 to equip with armor 
for war, as a horseman. 2. To put on the furniture of a 
horse for draught. 3. To defend 3 to equip or furnish for 
defense. 

HAR'NESSED, pp. Equipped with armor 3 furnished with 
the dress for draught 5 defended. 

HAR'NESS-ER, n. One who puts on the harness of a horse. 
Sherwood. 

HAR'NESS-ING, ppr. Putting on armor or furniture for 
draught. 

HARNS, 71. plu. Brains. Grose. 

HARP, n. [Sax. hearpa ; G. harfe ; D. harp.] 1. An instru- 
ment of music of tlie stringed kind, of a triangular figure, 
held upright, and commonly touched with the fingers. .2. 
A constellation. 

HARP, V. i. 1. To play on the harp. 2. To dwell on, in 
speaking or writing 3 to continue sounding. 3. To touch 
as a passion 3 to affect. Shak. 

HARP'ER, 71. A player on the harp. 

HARP'ING, ppr. Playing on a harp ; dwelling on continu- 
ally. 

HARP'ING, 71. A continual dwelling on. Irving. 

HARP'ING, n. ; plu. Harpings. In ships, harpings are the 



* S$f Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE 3— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K j G as J ; S as Z ; C'H as SH 3 THas in this, t Obsolete 



HAR 



400 



HAT 



fore-parts of the wales, which encompasa the bow of the 

ship, 

HARP'ING-IR-ON, n. A harpoon, which see. 

HARP'IST, 11. A harper. Brown. 

HAR-POON', 71. [Fr. harpon.'] A harping-iron ; a spear or 
javeliQ, used to strike whales for killing them. 

HAR-POON', v.t. To strike, catch or kill with a harpoon. 

HAR-POON'ED, (har-poond') pp. Struck, caught or killed 
with a harpoon. 

H AR-POON'ER, ) n. One who uses a harpoon ; the man in 

HAR-PO-NEER', ) a whale-boat who throws the harpoon. 

HAR-POON'ING, ppr. Striking with a harpoon. 

HaRP'SI-GHORD, n. An instrument of music with strings 
of wire, played by the fingers, by means of keys. 

HaR'PY, n. [Fr. harpie.] 1, In antiquity, the harpies were 
fabulous winged monsters, having the face of a woman 
and the body of a vulture, with their feet and fingers 
armed with sharp claws. 2. Any rapacious or ravenous 
animal ; an extortioner ; a plunderer. 

HAR'aUE-BUSE. See Ar^uebuse. 

IIAR-RA-TEEN', n. A kind of stiifi"or cloth. Shenstone. 

HivRR, n. A storm proceeding from the sea. Coles. 

HAR'RI-DAN, n. [Fr. haridelle.] A decayed strumpet. 

HAR'RI-ER, n. A hunting hound with a nice sense of 
smelling. 

HAR'RoW, n. [Sw. harf.] An instrument of agriculture, 
formed of pieces of timber sometimes crossing each other, 
and set with iron teeth. 

HAR'RoW, V. t. [Sw. harfva.] 1. To draw a harrow over, 
for the purpose of breaking clods and leveling the surface, 
or for covering seed sown. 2. To break or tear with a 
harrow. 3. To tear ; to lacerate ; to torment. 4. To pil- 
lage ; to strip ; to lay waste by violence ; [ols.] 5. To 
disturb ; to agitate ; [obs.] Shak. 

HAR'RoW, inter j. [Old Fr. harau.^ An exclamation of sud- 
den distress. 

HAR'RoWED, pp. Broken or smoothed by a han-ow. 

HAR'RoW-ER, n. 1. One who han-ows. 2. A hawk. 

HAR'RoW-ING, ppr. Breaking or leveling with a harrow. 

HAR'RY, V. t. [Sax. hergian.'] 1. To strip ; to pillage. 
[See Harrow.] 2. To harass ; to agitate ; to tease. 

f HAR'RY, V. i. To make harassiag incursions. 

HJLRSH, a. [G, harscJi.] 1 . Rough to the touch ; rugged ; grat- 
ing. 2. Sour ; rough to the taste. 3. Rough to the ear ; gi-at- 
ing ; discordant ; jarring. 4. Austere ; crabbed ; morose ; 
peevish. 5. Rough j rude; abusive. 6. Rigorous; severe. 

HARSH'LY, adv. 1. Roughly ; in a harsh manner. 2. 
Sourly ; austerely. 3. Severely ; morosely ; crabbedly. 
4. Roughly ; rudely ; with violence. 5. Roughly ; with 
a grating sound ; unpleasantly. 

H&RSH'NESS, n. 1. Roughness to the touch. 2. Sourness ; 
austereness. 3. Roughness to the ear. 4. Roughness 
of temper ; moroseness ; crabbedness ; peevishness. 5. 
Roughness in manner or words ; severity. 

HARS'LET,orHAS'LET, 71, [Ice./iasZa. an.] The heart, 
liver, lights, &c. of a hog. 

HART, n. [Sax, heort.] A stag or male deer, an animal of 
the cervine genus. 

HART'BSEST, n. The cervine antelope of Africa. 

HART'ROY-AL, n. A plant. 

HARTS'HORN, n. The horn of the hart or male deer. The 
scrapings or raspings of this horn are medicinal, and used 
in decoctions, ptisans, &;c. — Hartshorn plantain, a species 
of plantafTo. 

HARTS'ToNGUE, n. A plant. 

HART'WoRT, n. The name of certain plants. 

HAR'US-PlCE, 71. [L. haruspez.] In Ruman history, a per- 
son who pretended to foretell future events by insijecting 
the entrails of beasts. 

HA'RUM-S€A'RUM, a. A low expression applied to flighty 
persons ; persons always in a hurry. 

HAR'US-PI-CY, 71. Divination by the inspection of victims. 

HAR'VEST, n. [Sax. hmrfest, harfest.] 1. The season of 
reaping and gathering in com or other crops. 2. The 
ripe corn or grain collected and secured in barns or stacks, 
3. The product of labor ; fruit or fruits. 4, Frait or fruits ; 
effects ; consequences. — 5, In Scripture, harvest signifies, 
fiffuratively, the proper season for business, 

HAR'VEST, V. t. To reap or gather ripe corn and other 
fruits for the use of man and beast. 

HAR'VEST-ED, pp. Reaped and collected, as ripe corn and 
fruits 

HAR'VEST- ER, n. A 'eaper .; a laborer in gathering grain. 

HAR'VEST FL^, n. A large, fcir-winged insect of the ci- 
cada kind , common in Italy, Encyc. 

HAR'VEST -HOME, 71, 1. The time of harvest. 2, The song 
sung by reapers at the feast made at the gathering of corn, or 
the feast itself. 3, The opportunity of gathering treasure, 

HAR'VEST-ING, ppr. Reaping and collecting, as ripe corn 

and other fruits, 
HAR'VEST-LORD, n. The head-reaper at the harvest. 

HAR'VEST-MAN, n. A laborer in harvest, 
HAR'VEST-dUEEN, n. An image representing Ceres, 
formerly carried about on the last day of harvest. 



HAS. The third person sigular of the verb have. 

HASH, V. t. [Fr. hacher.] To chop mto small pieces ; lO 
mince and mix. Oarth. 

HASH, n. Minced meat, or a dish of meat and vegetables 
chopped into small pieces and mixed. 

t HASK, 71. A case made of rushes or flags. Spenser. 

HASK, a. Parched ; coarse ; rough : dry. Grose. 

HAS'LET, 71. See Harslet. 

HASP, 71, [Sax, hmps.] 1. A clasp that passes over a staple 
to be fastened by a padlock. 2. A spindle to wind thread 
or silk on ; [local.] 

HASP, V. t. To shut or fasten with a hasp. Oarth. 

HAS'SOe, 71. [W. hesor.] A thick mat or bass on whicli 
persons kneel in church. 

HAST. The second person singular of have. 

HaS'TATE, ) a. [L. hastatus.] In botany, spear-shaped , 

HAS'TA-TED, \ resembling the head of a halberd. 

HASTE, n. [G., Sw., Dan. hast.] 1. Celerity of motion , 
speed ; swiftness ; dispatch ; expedition ; applied only to 
voluntary beings, 2. Sudden excitement of passion. 3. 
The state of being urged or pressed by business. 

HASTE, (hast) 1 v. t. [G. hasten ,- D. haasten.] To press ; 

HaS'TEN, (ha'sn) \ to drive or urge forward ; to push on ; 
to precipitate ; to accelerate movement, 

HASTE, ) V. i. To move with celerity ; to be rapid in mo- 

HaS'TEN, \ tion ; to be speedy or quick. 

HaST'ED, I pp. Moved rapidly ; accelerated ; urge^ 

HaS'TENED, \ with speed. 

HaS'TEN-ER, n. One that hastens or urges forward. 

HaST'ING, I ppr. Urging forward ; pushing on ; pro 

HaS'TEN-ING, \ ceeding rapidly. 

HaST'I-LY, adv. 1. In haste ; with speed or quickness ; 
speedily : nimbly. 2. Rashly ; precipitately ; without 
due reflection. 3. Passionately ; under sudden excite- 
ment of passion. 

HaST'I-NESS, 71. 1. Haste; speed; quickness or celerity 
in motion or action, as of animals, 2. Rashness; heed- 
less eagerness ; precipitation, 3. Irritability ; suscepti- 
bility of anger, warmth or temper. 

HAST'ING-PEaR, n. An early pear, Encyc. 

HaST'INGS, n. Peas that come early. Mortimer. 

HaST'IVE, a. [Fr. hcLtif.] Forward ; eariy ; as fmit, [J^ot 
much used.] Encyc. 

HaST'Y, a. 1. Q-uick ; speedy. 2. Eager ; precipitate ; 
rasa. 3. Irritable ; easily excited to wrath ; passionate. 
4. Early ripe ; forward. 

HaST'Y-PUD-DING, n. A pudding made of the meal of 
maize moistened with water and boiled, or of milk and 
flour boiled, 

HAT, 71, [Sax, hmt.] 1. A covering for the head. 2. The 
dignity of a cardinal. 

HAT'-BAND, n. A band round the crown of a hat, 

HAT'-BOX, I n. A box for a hat. But a case for a lady's 

HAT'-CASE, \ hat is called a band-box. 

HaT'A-BLE, a. That may be hated ; odious. 

HATCH, V. t. [G. hecken.] 1. To produce young from egga 
by incubation, or by artificial heat. 2, To contrive or 
plot ; to form by meditation, and bring into being ; to 
originate and produce in silence. 

HATCH, V. t. [Fr, hacher.] 1. To shade by lines in draw- 
ing and engraving, Dryden. 2, To steep ; [obs.] Beaum. 

HATCH, V. i. To produce young ; to bring the young to 
maturity. 

HATCH, n. 1. A brood ; as many chickens as are produced 
at once. 2. The act of exclusion from the egg. 3. Dis- 
closure ; discovery. 

HATCH, or HATCH'ES, n. [Sax. haca.] 1. The grate or 
frame of cross-bars laid over the opening in a ship's deck, 
now called hatch-bars ,• the lid or cover of a hatchway. 
2. The opening in a ship's deck, or the passage from one 
deck to another. 3. A half-door, or door with an open- 
ing over it, 4. Floodgates, — 5, In Cornwall, England, 
openings into mines, or in bearch of them, — 5. To be un- 
der the hatches, to be confined, or to be in distress, depres- 
sion or slavery, Locke. 

*HATCH'EL, (commonly pronounced, in America, hetch'el) 
n. [G, hechel ; D, hekel.] An instrument formed with 
long iron teeth set in a board, for cleaning flax or hemp. 

Hx-ITCH'EL, V. t. 1, To draw flax or hemp through the teeth 
of ahatchel, for separating the coarse part and broken pieces 
of the stalk from the fine fibrous parts. 2. To tease or vex, 
by sarcasms or reproaches ; a vulgar use of the word. 

HATCH'ELED, pp. Cleansed by a hatchel ; combed, 

HATCH'EL-ER, n. One who uses a hatchel. 

HATCH'EL-ING, ppr. Drawing through the teeth of a 
hatcbel, 

HATCH'ET, 71. [G. hacke.] A small axe with a short han- 
dle, to be used with one hand. — To take up the hatchet, a 
phrase borrowed from the natives of America, is to make 
war. — To Imry the hatchet, is to make peace, 

HATCH'ET-FACE, n. A prominent face like the edge of a 
hatchet, Dryden. 

HATCH'E-TINE, n. A mineral substance. 

HATCH'ING, 71. A kind of drawing. [See Etch.] Harris. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, T. O. U t, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



HAV 



401 



HAY 



HATCH'ftlENT, n. [corrupted from ttc/tie?;eme?ii.] An armo- 
rial escutcheon on a hearse at funerals, or in a church. 

HATCH'VVAY, n. In ships, a square or oblong opening in 
the deck, affording a passage from one deck to another, or 
into the hold or lower apartments. 

HATE, V. t. [Sax. hatian.] 1. To dislike greatly ; to have a 
great aversion to. — 2. In Scripture, it signifies to love less. 

HATE, n. Great dislike or aversion ; hatred. 

HaT'ED, pp. Greatly disliked. 

HaTETUL, a. 1 Odious ; exciting great dislike, aversion 
or disgust. 2. That feels hatred j malignant j malevo- 
lent. 

HaTE'FUL-LY, adv. 1. Odiously ; with great dislike. 2. 
Malignantly ; maliciously. 

HaTE'FUL-NESS, 71. Odiousness ; the quality of being 
hateful, or of exciting aversion or disgust. 

HaT'ER, n. One that hates. Brown. 

HaT'ING, ppr. Disliking extremely ; entertaining a great 
aversion for. 

Ha'TRED, n. Great dislike or aversion ; hate ; enmity. 

HAT'TED, a. Covered with a hat ; wearuig a hat. 

t HAT'TER, v. t. To harass. Dryden. 

HAT'TER, 71. [from hat.] A maker of hats. 

HAT'TLE, a. Wild ; skittish. Grose. 

fHAT'TOe, 71. [Erse, attock.] A shock of corn. 

t HAU'BERK, 71. A coat of mail without sleeves. See Ha- 

BERGEON. 

HAUGH, (haw) n. A little meadow lying in a valley. 

fHAUGHT, (hawt) a. [qu. Fx. haut.] High j elevated 3 
hence, proud ; insolent. Shak. 

HAUGHT'I-LY, (hawte-ly) adv. Proudly j arrogantly 5 
with contempt or disdain. Dryden. 

HAUGHT'I-NESS, (haw'te-nes) n. The quality of being 
haughty ; pride mingled with some degree of contempt 
for others; arrogance. 

HAUGHT'Y, (haw'ty) ft. [from /iatio/u; Fi: haut.] 1. Proud 
and disdainful ; having a high opinion of one's self, with 
some contempt for others ; lofty and arrogant ; supercilious. 
2. Proceeding from excessive pride, or pride mingled with 
contempt; manifesting pride and disdain . 3. Proud and 
imperious. 4. Lofty; bold; of high hazard ; [obs.] Spen- 
ser. 

HAUL, V. t. [Fr. haler. It is sometimes written hale, but 
'haul is preferable.] 1. To pull or draw with force ; to drag. 
Haul is equivalent to drag, and differs sometimes from 
pull and draw, in expressing more force and labor. 2. To 
drag ; to compel to go. — To haul the wind, in seamanship, 
is to turn the head of the ship nearer to the point from 
which the wind blows. 

HAUL, n. 1. A pulling with force ; a violent pull. 2. A 
draught of a net. 

HAUL'ER, n. He who pulls or hauls. 

HAULED, pp. Pulled with force ; dragged ; compelled to 
move. 

HAUL'ING, ppr. Drawing by force or violence ; dragging. 

HAULM, ) n. [Sax. healni.] 1. The stem or stalk of grain, 

HAUM, \ of all kinds, or of pease, beans, hops, &c. 2. 
Straw ; the dry stalks of corn, (fee. in general. 

HAUNCH, 71. [Fr. hanche.] 1. The hip ; that part of the 
body which lies between the last ribs and the thigh. 2. 
The rear ; the hind part ; [obs.] Shak. 

* HAUNT, 73. t. [Fr. hunter.] l.'To frequent; to resort to 
much or often, or to be much about ; to visit customarily. 
2. To come to frequently ; to intrude on ; to trouble with 
frequent visits; to follow importunately. 3. It is particu- 
larly applied to spectres or apparitions, which are repre- 
sented by fear and credulity as frequenting of Inhabiting 
old, decayed and deserted houses. 

* HAUNT, V. i. To be much about ; to visit or be present 
often. 

* HAUNT, 71. 1. A place to which one frequently resorts. 
2. The habit or custom of resorting to a place ; [obs.] 3. 
Custom ; practice ; [obs.] Chaucer. 

*HAUNT'ED, pp. 1. Frequently visited or resorted to, 
especially by apparitions. 2. Troubled by frequent visits. 

*HAUNT'ER, n. One who frequents a particular place, or 
is often about it. 

*HAUNT'ING, ppr. Frequenting; visiting often; troub- 
ling with frequent visits. 

fHAUST, n. [Sax. hwasta.] A dry cough. Ray. 

HAUT'BOY, (ho'boy) 71. [Fr. haut and bois.] A wind in- 
strument, somewhat resembling a flute. 

HAUT-GOUT', (ho-goo') n. [Fr.] Any tiling with a strong 
relish or a strong scent. Butler. 

HAU-TEUR', (ho-cure', or ho-taur') n. [Fr.] Pride ; haught- 
iness ; insolent manne- or spirit. 

HAUYNE, 71. A miners? , called by Haiiy latialite. 

HAVE, (hav) v. t. ; pret. and pp. had .- indie, present, I 
have, thou hast, he has ; we, ye, they have. [Sax. hab- 
ban i Goth, haban ; G. haben.] 1. To possess ; to hold in 
possession or power. 2. To possess, as something that is 
connected with, or belongs to one. 3. To marry ; to take 
for a wife or husband. 4. To hold; to regard. 5. To 
maintain ; to hold in opinion. 6. To be urged by neces- 



sity or obligation ; to be under necessity, or impelled b/ 
duty. 7. To seize and hold ; to catch. 8. To contain ; 
as, the work has many beauties and many faults. 9. To 
gain ; to procure ; to receive ; to obtain ; to purchase. 

Had rather denotes wish or preference. — To have after, to 
pursue. Shak. — To have away, to remove ; to take away. 
Tiisser. — To have at, to encounter; to assail; to enter 
into competition with; to make trial with. Shak. — To 
have in, to contain. — To have on, to wear; to carry, as 
raiment or weapons. — To have aut, to cause to depart. — 
To have a care, to take care ; to be on the guard, or to 
guard. — To have pleasure, to enjoy. — To have pain, to 
suffer. — To have sorrow, to be grieved or afflicted. — He 
would have, he desires to have, or he requires. — He should 
have, he ought to have. 

fHAVE'LESS, (havles) a. Having little or nothing. 

Ha'VEN, (ha'vn) n. [Sax. hmfan; D. haven.] 1. A harbor; 
a port ; a bay, recess or inlet of the sea ; a station for 
ships. 2. A shelter ; an asylum ; a place of safety. 

t Ha'VEN-ER, 71. The overseer of a port ; a harbor-master. 

HAVER, n. One who has or possesses; a possessor; a 
holder. [Little used.] Shak. 

HAVER, 71. [G. hafer ; D. haver.] Oats ; a word of locat 
use in the JVorth of England. 

HAVER-SACK, n. [Fr. havre-sac] A soldier's knapsack 

HAVING, ppr. Possessing ; holding in power or possession 
containing ; gaining , receiving ; taking. 

t HAVING, 71. 1. Possession; goods; estate. Shak. 2. Tho 
act or state of possessing. Sidney. 

t HaVIOR, n. Conduct ; manners. Spenser. 

HAV'OC, n. [W. havog.] Waste ; devastation ; wide and 
general destruction. 

HAVOC, v. t. To waste ; to destroy ; to lay waste. 

HAVOC, exclani. A word of encouragement to slaughter 
Shak. 

HAW", n. [Sax. hceg, hag.] 1. The berry and seed of the 
liawthom. 2. [Sax. haga.] A small piece of ground ad- 
joining a house ; a small field. — 3. In farriery, an excres- 
cence resembling a gristle^, growing under the nether eye- 
lid and eye of a horse. 4 A dale ; [obs.] 

HAW, V. i. [corrupted from hawk, or hack.] To stop in 
speaking with a haw, or to speak with interruption and 
hesitation. 

HAW, 71. [See Ha.] An intermission or hesitation of 

HAWFINCH, n. A bird, a species of loxia. 

HAW'HAW^, n. [duplication of haw, a hedge.] A fence 

or bank that interrupts an alley or walk, sunk between 

slopes and not perceived till approached. Todd. 
HAWING, pi}r. Speaking with a haw, or with hesitation. 
HAWK, 7i. [Sax. hafoc] A genus of fowls, the falco, at 

iiianv species, most of which are rapacious. 
HAWK, v.i. 1. To catch or attempt to catch birds by means 

of hawks trained for the purpose, and let loose on the 

prey ; to practice falcomy. 2. To fly at ; to attack on the 

wing. 
HAWK, V. ?. [W. hogi ; Scot, hawgh.] To make an effort 

to force up phlegm with noise. — To hawk up, transitively 

as, to hawk up i^hlegm. 
HAWK, n. An effort to force up phlegm from the throat, 

accompanied with noise. 
HAWnC, V. t. [qu. G. hocken.] To cry ; to offer for sale by 

outcry in the street, or to sell by outcry. 
HAWKED, pp. I. Offered for sail by outcry in the street. 

2. a. Crooked ; curving like a hawk's bill. 
HAWK'ER, n. 1. One who offers goods for sale by outcry 

in the street ; a pedler. Swift. 2. [Sax. hafcere.] A fal- 
coner. 
HAWIC'EyED, a. Having acute sight ; discerning. 
HAWK'ING, T?;)?-. 1. Catching wild birds by hawks. 2. 

Making an effort to discharge phlegm. 3. Offering for 

sale in the street by outcry. 
HAWKING, n. The exercise of taking wild fowls by means 

of hawks. 
HAWK'NoSED, a. Having an aquiline nose. 
HAWK'WEED, 71. A name of several species of plants. 
HAWSE, (hawz) 71. [See Halser.] The situation of a ship 

moored with two anchors from the bows. 
HAWSE'HOLE, n. A cylindrical hole in the bow of a ship 

through which a cable passes. 
HAWSE'PIeCE, n. One of the foremost timbers of a ship. 
HAWS'ER, 71. [.See Hals er.] A small cable; or a large 

rope, in size between a cable and a tow-line. 
HAWTHORN, 71. [Sax. h^Bg-thorn.] A shrub or tree which 

bears the haw ; the white-thorn. 
HAW'THORN-FLY, n. An insect so called. Walton. 
HAY, n. [Sax. heg, hig.] Grass cut and dried for fodder," 

grass prepared for preservation. — To dance the hay, to dance 

in a ring. Donne. 
HAY, V. i. [G. heuen.] To dry or cure grass for preserva- 
tion. 
HAY, n. [Sax. hcBg.] 1. A hedge ; [obs.] Chaucer. 2. A 

net which incloses the haunt of an animal. Harmer. 
HAY, V. t. To lay snares for rabbits. Huloet. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOCK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolett- 



HEA 



402 



HEA 



HaY'BOTE, n. Hedge-bote. In English law, an allowance 
of wood to a tenant for repairing hedges or fences. 

HaY'€0€K, n. A conical pile or heap of hay, in the field. 

HAY'KNIFfe, n. A sharp instrument used in cutting hay 
out of a stack or mow. 

HaY'LOFT, 71. A loft or scaffold for hay, particulariy in a 
ham. 

SaY'MaK-ER, n. One who cuts and dries grass for fodder. 

HaY'MaK-ING, 71. The business of cuttmg grass and cur- 
ing it for fodder. 

HaY'MaR-KET, n. A place for the sale of hay. 

HaY'MOW, n. A mow or mass of hay laid up in a barn for 
preservation. 

HaY'RI€K, 71. A rick of hay ; usually, a long pile for pre- 
servation in the open air. 

HaY'STA€K, 71. A stack or large conical pile of hay in the 
open air, laid up for preservation. 

HaY'STALK, 7?. A stalk of hay. 

HaY'TH0RN,71. Hawthorn. Scott. 

HaY'WARD, n. A person who keeps the common herd or 
cattle of a town, and guards hedges or fences.— In JVew 
England, the hayward is a town officer whose duty is to 
impound cattle, and particularly swine. 

HaY'DEN-ITE, n. A mineral discovered by Dr. Hayden. 

EIAZ'ARD, n. [Fr. hasard.] 1. Chance ; accident ; casualty ; 
a fortuitous event. 2. Danger ; peril ; risk. 3. A game 
at dice.— TV? run the Imiard, to risk ; to take the chance. 

HAZ'ARD, V. t. [Fr. hasarder.] 1. To expose to chance ; 
to put in danger of loss or injury ; to venture ; to risk. 2. 
To venture to incur, or Bring on. 

HAZ'AED, V. L To try the chance ; to adventure ; to run 
the risk or danger. 

HAZ'AE.D-A-BLE, a. That is liable to hazard or chance. 

HAZ'ARD-ED, pp. Put at risk or in danger ; ventured. 

HAZ'AED-ER, n. One who ventm-es or puts at stake. 

HAZ'ARD-ING, ppr. Exposing to danger or peril ; ventur- 
ing to bring on. 

HAZ'ARD-OUS, a. Dangerous; that exposes to peril or 
danger of loss or evil. 

HAZ' ARD-OUS-LY, adv. With danger of loss or evil ; with 
peril. 

fllAZARD-RY, 71. 1. Rashness; temerity. Spenser 2. 
Gaming in general. Chaucer. 

HAZE, 71. Fog ; a watery vapor in the air, or a dry vapor 
like smoke, which renders the air thick. 

HAZE, V. i. To be foggy. [A local word.] Ray. 

t HAZE, V. t. To frighten. Ainsworth. 

Ha'ZEL, (ha'zl) n. [Sax. hcBsel.] A shrub of the genus 
corylus, bearing a nut containing a kernel of a mild, far- 
inaceous taste. 

Ha'ZEL, (ha'zl) a. Pertaining to the hazel or like it; of a 
light-brown color, like the hazel-nut. 

Ha'ZEL-EARTH, 71. A kind of red loam. Encyc. 

Ha'ZEL-NUT, 71. The nut or frait of the hazel. 

Ha'ZEL-LY, a. Of the color of the hazel-nut ; of a light- 
brown. Mortimer. 

Ha'ZY, a. Foggy ; misty ; thick with vapor. 

HE, pro7?oM7i, of the third person; nom. he; poss. his; obj. 
him. [Sax. masc. hej fern, heo j neut. hit.l 1. A pronoun, 
a substitute for the third person, masculine gender, repre- 
senting the man or male person named before. 2. Man ; 
a male. 3. He is sometimes prefixed to the names of an- 
imals to designate the male kind ; as, a he-goat, a he-bear. 

HEAD, (bed) n. [Sax. heafod, hefed, heafd.] 1. The upper- 
most part of the human body, or the foremost part of the 
body of prone and creeping animals. This part of the 
body contains the organs of hearing, seeing, tasting and 
smelling, and also the brain. 2. An animal ; an individ- 
ual. 3. A chief; a principal person; a leader; a com- 
mander. 4. The fii-st place ; the place of honor, or of 
command. 5. Countenance ; presence. 6. Understand- 
ing ; faculties of the mind ; sometimes in a ludicrous 
sense. 7. Face; front; forepart. 8. Resistance; suc- 
cessful opposition. 9. Spontaneous will or resolution. 

10. State of a deer's horns by which his age is known. 

11. The top of a thing, especially when larger than the 
rest of the thing. 12. The forepart of a thing, as the head 
of a ship. 13. The blade or cutting part of an axe, distinct 
from the helve. 14. That which rises on the top. 15. 
The upper part of a bed or bed-stead. 16. The brain. 
17. The dress of the head. 18. The principal source of a 
stream. 19. Altitude of water in ponds, as applicable to 
the driving of mill-wheels. 20. Topic of discoui-se ; chief 
point or subject ; a siunmary. 21. Crisis ; pitch ; height. 
2>. Influence ; force ; strength ; pitch. 23. Body ; con- 
flux ; [ohs.l Shak. 24. Power ; armed force. 25. Liberty ; 
freedom from restraint. 26. License ; freedom from check, 
control or restraint. 27. Tlie hair of the head. 28. The 
top of com or other plant ; the part on which the seed 
grows. 29. The end, or the boards that form the end. 30. 
The part most remote from the mouth or opening into the 
sea. 31. The maturated part of an ulcer or boil. 

Head and ears, a phrase denoting the whole person, especial- 
ly when referring to immersion. — Head and shoulders, by | 



force ; violenWy .—Head or tail, or head nor tail, uncertain , 

not reducible to certainty. — Head, as an adj. or in compo- 
.lition, chief; principal ; as, a head workman. — By the head, 

m seamen's language, denotes the state of a ship laden too 

deeply at the fore-end. 
HEAD, (bed) v. t. 1. To lead ; to dhect ; to act as leader to. 

2. To behead ; to decapitate. 3. To fonn a head to ; to 

fit t)r furnish with a head. 4. To lop. 5. To go in front 

of ; to get into the front. 6. To set on the head. 7. To 

oppose ; to veer roimd and blow in opposition to the course 

of a ship. 
HEAD, (bed) v. i. To originate ; to spring ; to have its 

source, as a river. 
HEAD'aCHE, (hed'ake) n. Pain in the head. 
HEAD'BAND, (hed'band) n. A fiUet ; a band for the head ; 

also, the band at each end of a book. Is. iii. 
HEAD'BoR-OUGH, (hea'bur-ro) n. In England, formerly, 

the chief of a frank-pledge, tithing or decernary. 
HEAD'DRESS, (hed'dres) n. 1. The dress of the head ; 

the covering or ornaments of a woman's head. 2. The 

crest, or tuft of feathers on a fowl's head. 
HEAD'ED, (bed ed) pp. Led ; directed ; furnished with a 

head ; having a top. This is used in composition ; as, clea)-- 

headed, thick-headed, &,c. 
HEAD'ER, (hed'er) n. 1. One who heads naUs or pins. 2. 

One who leads a mob or party. 3. The first brick in the 

angle of a wall. 
HEAD'FAST, (hed fast) n. A rope at the head of a ship to 

fasten it to a wharf or other fixed object. 
HEAD'FiRST, (hed'furst) adv With the head foremost. 
HEAD'GAR-GLE, (hed'gar-gl) n. A disease of cattle. 
HEAD'GeAR, (hed'geer) n. The dress of a woman's head. 
HEAD'I-LY, (hed'e-ly) adv. Hastily ; rashly ; so as not to 

be governed. 
HEAD'I-NESS, (hed'e-nes) n. 1. Rashness ; precipitation. 

2. Stubbornness ; obstinacy. 
HEAD'ING, (hed'ing) n. Timber for the heads of casks. 
HEAD'LAND, (hed'land) n. 1. A cape ; a promontory. 2. 

A ridge or strip of unploughed land at the ends of furrows 

or near a fence. 
HEADLESS, (hed'les) a. 1. Having no head ; beheaded. 2. 

Destitute of a chief or leader. 3. Destitute of under- 
standing or prudence ; rash ; obstinate. 
HEAD'LONG, (hed'long) adv. 1. With the head foremost, 

2. Rashly ; precipitately ; without deliberation. 3 Hasti 

ly ; without delay or respite. 
HEAD'LONG, (hed'long) a. 1. Steep ; precipitous. 2. Rash-, 

precipitate. 
HEAD'MAN, (hedman) n. A chief; a leader. 
HEAD'MoLD-SHOT, n. A disease in children, in which 

the sutures of the skull, usually the coronal, have their 

edges shot over one another. 
HEAD'MoN-EY, (hed'mun-ny) 7i. A capitation tax. 
HEAD'MoST, (hed m5st) a. Most advanced ; most forward ; 

first in a line or order of progression. 
t HEAD'PAN, (hed'pan) n. The brain-pan. 
HEAD'PENCE, (hed'pens) Ji. A kind of poll-tax formeriy 

collected_in the English county of Northumberland. 
HEAD'PIkCE, (hed p5se) n. 1. Armor for the head ; a hel- 
met; a morion. 2. Understanding; force of mind. 
HEAD-aUART'ERS, 71. ]7Zm. 1. The quarters or place of 

residence'of the commander-in-chief of an army. 2. The 

residence of any chief, or place from which orders are is 

sued. 
HEAD ROPE, (hed'rope) n. That part of a bolt-rope which 

terminates any sail on the upper edge. 
HEAD-SAIL, (hed'sail) 7i. The head-sails of a ship are the 

sails which are extended on the fore-mast and bowsprit. 
HEADSEA, (hed'see) n. Waves that meet the head of a ship 

or roll against her com-se. 
HEAD'SHAKE, (hed'shake) n. A significant shake of the 

head. Shak. 
HEAD SHIP, (hed'ship) n. Authority ; chief place. 
HEADS'MAN, (hedz man) h. One that cuts off heads ; an 

executioner. [Unv.sual.] Dryden. 
HEAD SPRING, (hed'spring) n Fountain ; source : origin 
HEADSTALL, (hedstawl) n That part of a bridle which 

encompasses the head. 
HEAD'STONE, (hed'stone) n. 1. The principal stcne in a 

foundation ; the chief or comer stone. 2. The stone at 

the head of a grave. 
HEAD'STRONG, (hed strong) a. 1. Violent ; obstinate ; un- 
governable ; resolute to mn his own way ; bent on pur- 
suing his own will. 2. Directed by ungovernable will, or 

proceedin2; from obstinacy. 
t HEAD'STilOi\G-NESS, 7i. Obstinacv. Oayton. 
HEAD'TIRE, (hed'tire) n. Dress or attire for the head. 
HEAD'WAY, (hed'wa) n. The motion of an advancing 

ship. 
HEAD'WIND, (hed'wind) n. A wind that blows in a direc- 
tion opposite to the ship's course. 
HEAD-WORK'MAN, 7!. The chief workman of a party; 

a foreman in a manufactory. Swift. 
HEAD'Y, (hedy) a. 1. Rash ; hasty ; precipitate ; violent. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. 



HEA 



403 



HEA 



2 Apt to affect the head ; inflaming ; intoxicating ; strong. 
3. Violent; impetuous. 

HeAL, v. t. [Sax. hmlan, helan, gehelaii,] 1. To cure of a 
disease or wound. 2. To cure ; to remove or subdue. 3. 
To cause to cicatrize. 4. To restore to soundness. 5. To 
restore purity to ; to remove feculence or foreign matter. 
6. To remove, as differences or dissension ; to reconcile, 
as parties at variance. — 7. In Scripture, to forgive ; to 
cure moral disease, and restore soundness. 8. To purify 
from corniptions, redress grievances, and restore to pros- 
perity. 9. To cover, as a roof witii tiles, slate, lead. Sec. 

HeAL, v. i. To grow sound ; to return to a sound state. 

HkAL, v. t. To cover See Hele. 

HeAL'A-BLE, a. That may be healed. Sherwood. 

Healed, pp. Restored to a sound state. 

HeAL'ER, n. He or that which cures, or restores to sound- 
ness. 

HeAL'ING, p;?r. L Curing ; restoring to a sound state. 2. a. 
Tendinir to cure ; nuld ; mollifying 

HeAL'ING, n. 1. The act of curing. 2. The act of cover- 
ing ; [obs.] 

HEALTH, (helth) n. [from heal.] I. That slate of an an- 
imal or living body, in which the parts are sound, well 
organized and disposed, and in which they all perform 
freely their natural functions. Li this state the animal 
feels no pain. 2. Sound state of the mind ; natural vigor 
of faculties. 3. Sound state of the mind, in a moral 
sense ; purity ; goodness. 4. Salvation or divine favor, 
or grace which cheei-s God's people. 5. Wish of health 
and happiness ; used in drinking. 

HEALTHFUL, (helth'ful) a. 1. Being in a sound state, as 
a living or organized being ; free from disease. 2. Serv- 
ing to promote health ; wholesome ; salubrious. 3. Indi- 
cating health or soundness. 4. Salutarj'^ ; promoting 
spiritual health. 5. Well-disposed ; favorable. 

HEALTH'FUL-LY, adv. In health ; wholesomely. 

HE-lLTHFiJL-NESS, n. 1. A state of being well. 2. 
Wholesomeness 3 salubrity ; state or qualities that promote 
health. 

HEALTH'I-LY, a. Without disease. 

HEALTH'I-XESS, n. The state of health; soundness; 
freedom from disease. 

HEALTH LESS, a. 1. Infirm ; sickly. 2. Not conducive 
to health ; \little used.] Taylor. 

THEALTH'SOiME, a. WTiolesome. Shale. 

HEALTH'Y, a. 1. Being in a sound state ; enjoying health ; 
hale ; sound. 2. Conducive to health ; wholesome ; sa- 
lubrious. Locke. 

HeAM, n. In beasts, the same as after-birth in women. 

Heap, n. [Sax. heap, heap.'] 1. A pile or msLss ; a collec- 
tion of things laid in a body so as to form an elevation. 
2. A crowd"; a throng ; a cluster ; applied to living per- 
sons ; [not in use.] 3. A mass of ruins. 

Heap, v. t. [Sax. heapian.] 1. To throw or lay in a heap; 
to pile. 2. To amass ; to accumulate ; to lay up ; to col- 
lect in great quantity. 3. To add something else, in large 
quantities. 4. To pile ; to add till the mass takes a 
roundish form, or till it rises above the measure. 

Heaped, pp. Piled ; amassed ; accumulated. 

HeAP'ER, ?(. One who heaps, piles or amasses. 

Heap ING, ppr. Piling ; collecting into a mass. 

HEx^PLY, adv. In heaps Huloet. . 

HeAP'Y, a. Lying in heaps. Gaij. 

Hear, v. t. ; pret. and pp, heard, but more correctly heared. 
[Sax. heoran, hyran.] 1. To perceive by the ear; to feel 
an impression of sound by the proper organs. 2. To give 
audience or allowance to speak. 3. To attend ; to listen ; 
to obey. 4. To attend favorably ; to regard. 5. To grant 
an answer to prayer. 6. To attend to the facts, evidence, 
and arguments in a cause between parties ; to try in a 
court of law or equity. 7. To acknowledge a title. 8. 
To be a hearer of ; to sit under the preaching of. 9. To 
learn. 10. To approve and embrace. — To hear a bird sing, 
to receive private communication. Shah. 

Hear, v. i. 1 To enjoy the sense or faculty of perceiving 
sound. 2. To listen ; to hearken ; to attend. 3. To be 
loM ; to receive by report. 

* Heard, ) (hSerd, or ) Perceived bv the ear 

HeARED, \ herd ) \ ^P- ^^^^ceivea oy me ear. 

HeAR'ER, n. One who hears ; one who attends to what is 
orally delivered by another ; an auditor ; one of an audi- 
ence. 

HeAR'IXG, ppr. 1. Perceiving by the ear, as sound 2. 
Listenins to ; attending to ; obeying ; observing what is 
commanded. 3. Attending to witnesses or advocates in 
a judicial trial ; trj-ins. 

Hearing, n. l. The faculty or sense by which sound is 
perceived. 2. Audience ; attention to what is delivered ; 
opportunity to be heard. 3. Judicial trial ; attention to 
the facts, testimony and arguments in a cause between 
parties, with a view to a just decision. 4. The act of per- 
ceiving sounds ; sensation or perception of sound. 5. 
Reach of the ear ; extent within which sound may be 
heard. 



HEARK'EN, (hark'kn) v. i. [Sax. heorcnian, hyrenian.] 1 
To listen ; to lend the ear ; to attend to what is uttered, 
with eagerness or curiositv. 2. To attend ; to regard ; to 
give heed to what is uttered ; to observe or obey. 3. To 
listen ; to attend ; to grant or comply with. 

HEARK'EN, (hark kn) i). t. To hear by hstening. [L. u.] 

HEaRK'EN-ER, (harkkn-er) n. A listener; one whoheark 
ens. 

HEaRK'EN-ING, (hark kn-ing) ppr. Listening ; attending ; 
observing. 

t HEARS'AL, for rehearsal. Spenser. 

Hearsay, n. Report; rumor; fame; common talk. It 
is sometimes used as an adjective ; as, hearsay evidence. 

HEARSE, (hers) 71 [SeeHERsz.] 1. A temporary monument 
set over a grava 2. The case or place in which a corpse 
is deposited. 3. A carnage for conveying the dead to the 
grave 4. A hind in the second year of her age. 

HEARSE, (hers) v. t. To inclose in a hearse. Shah. 

HEARSE CLOTH, (hers kloth) n. A paU ; a cloth to covei 
a hearse. Sanderson. 

HEARSE'LiKE, (hers'llke) a. Suitable to a funeral. 

HEART, (hart) 7i. [Sax.hecrt; G. herz ; D. hart.] 1. A 
muscular viscus, which is the primary organ of the blood's 
motion in an animal body, situated in the thorax. 2. The 
inner part of any thing ; the middle part or interior. 3. 
The chief part ; the vital part ; the vigorous or etficacious 
part. 4. The seat of tne aifections and passions Scripture. 
5. By a metonymy, heart is used for an affection or pas- 
sion, and particularly for love. 6. The seat of the under- 
standing ; as, an understanding heart. Scripture. 7. The 
seat of the will; hence, secret purposes, intentions or 
designs. Scripture. 8. Person ; character ; used with 
respect to courage or kindness. Shak. 9. Courage ; spirit. 
Milton. 10. Secret thoughts ; recesses of the inind. 11. 
Disposition of mind. 12." Secret meaning ; real intention. 
13. Conscience, or sense of good or ill. Hooker. 14. 
Strength; power of producing; vigor; fertility. Dryden. 
15. The utmost degree. Shak. 

To get or learii bxj heart, to commit to memory. — To take to 
heart, to be much affected ; also, to be zealous about a 
thing. — To laij to heart, is used nearly in the sense of the 
foregoing. — To set the heart on, to fix the desires on ; to 
be very fond of. — To set the heart at rest, to make one's 
self quiet. — To find in the heart, to be willing or disposed. 
— For my heart, for tenderness or affection.— 7"o speak to 
oiie^s heart, in Scripture, to speak kindly to ; to comfort; 
to encourage. — To have in the heart, to purpose ; to have 
design or intention. — A hard heart, cruelty ; want of sen- 
sibility. 

HEART, V. i. To encourage. [Aof ?nuch used.] 

HEART'- ACHE, n. Sorrow; anguish of mind. Shak. 

HEART'- AL-LuR'ING, a. Suited to allure the affections. 
Parnell. 

HEART'-AP-PALL'ING, a. Dismaying the heart. 

HEART'-BREaK, 71. Overwhelming sorrower grief. Shak. 

HEART'-BREaK-ER, 71. A lady's curl; a love-lock. 

HEART'-BREaK-ING, a. Breaking the heart; overpow- 
ering with grief or sorrow. Spenser. 

HEART'-BREaK-ING, 71. Overpowering grief; deep af- 
fliction. Hakeicill. 

HEART'-BRED, a. Bred in the heart. Crashaw. 

HEART^-BRoK-EN, a. Deeply afflicted or grieved. • 

HEART'-BUR-IED, (hart'ber-rid) a. Deeply immersed. 

HEART'-BURN, n. Cardialgy ; a disease or affection of the 
stomach. 

HEART'-BURNED, a. Having the heart inflamed. 

HEART'-BURN-ING, a. Causmg discontent. 

HEART'-BURN-ING, 71. 1. Heart-burn, which see. -2, 
Discontent ; secret enmity. Sjcift. 

HEART'-CHILLED, c. Having the heart chilled. 

HEART'-CON-SuM'ING, a. Destroying peace of mind. 

HEART'-C0R-R6D'ING, a. Preying on the heart. 

HEART'-DeAR, a. Sincerely beloved. Shak. 

HEART'-DEEP, a. Rooted in the heart. Herbert. 

HEART'-DIS-COUR'A-GING, a. Depressing the spirits. 

HEART'-EASE, n. Quiet; tranquillity of mmd. 

HEART'-eAS-ING, a. Givuig quiet to the mind. 

HEART'-eAT-ING, a. Preying on the heart. 

HEART'-EX-PAND'ING, a. Enlarging the heart ; openiitg 
the feelings. Thomson. 

HEART'-FELT, a. Deeply felt ; deeply affecting, either as 
joy or sorrow. 

HE ART'-GRIeF, n. Affliction of the heart. Milton. 

HEART'-HARD-ENED, a. Obdurate ; impenitent ; un 
feeling. Harmer. 

HEART'-HARD-EN-ING, a. Rendering cruel. 

HEART'-HEAV-I-NESS, n. Depression of spirits. 

HEART'-OF-FEND'ING, a. Wounding the heart. 

HEART'-PeA, n. A Tplaiit, the cardiospermum. 

HEART'-aUELI,-ING, a. Conquering the affection. 

HEART'-REND-ING, a. Breaking the heart ; overpower- 
ing with ansruish ; deeply afflictive. 

HEART'-ROB-BING, a. 1. Depriving of thought ; ecstatic. 
2. Stealing the heart ; winning. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ; BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as iu tAis. t Obsclete. 



HEA 



404 



HEA 



HEART'S'-BLOOD, ) 71. The blood of the heart ; life ; es- 

HEaRT'-BLOOD, ] sence. 

HEaRT'S'-e"A*SE, n. A plant, a species of viola. 

HEART'-SEARCH-ING, a. Searching the secret thoughts 
and purposes. 

HEARTf-SieK, a. Sick at heart ; pained in mind ; deeply 
afflicted or depressed. 

HEART'-SORE, n. That which pains the heart. 

HEART'-SORE, a. Deeply wounded. Shak. 

HEART'-SOR'ROW-ING, a. Sorrowing deeply. 

t HEART'-STRIKE, v. t. To affect at heart. B. Jonson. 

HEART'-STRING, n. A nerve or tendon, supposed to 
brace and sustain the heart. Taylor. 

«EART'-STRU€K, a. I. Driven to the heart j infixed in 
the mind. 2. Shocked with fear ; dismayed. 

HEART'-SWELL-ING, a. Rankling in the heart. 

JIEART'-WHOLE, a. 1. Not affected with love 5 not in 
love, or not deeply affected. 2. Having unbroken spirits, 
or good courage. 

HEART'-WOUND-ED, a. Wounded with love or grief j 
deeply affected with some passion. Pope. 

HEART'-WOUND-ING, a. Piercing with grief. 

HEART'ED, a. 1. Taken to heart ; [o5s.] 2. Composed of 
hearts 5 [o&s.] 3. Laid up in the heart. Shak.— This, word 
is chiefly used in composition ; as, hard-hearted, faint- 
hearted, &c. 

HEART'ED-NESS, n. Sincerity ; warmth ; zeal ; used in 
composition. 

HEART'EN, (har'tn) v. t. 1. To encourage ; to animate ; 
to incite or stimulate courage. Sidneij. 2. To restore fer- 
tility or strength to ; [little used.] May. 

HEART'EN-ER, n. He or that which gives courage or ani- 
mation. Brown. 

HEARTH, (harth) n. [Sax. heorth.] A pavement or floor 
of brick or stone in a chimney, on which a fire is made to 
warm a roorn. 

HEARTHLPm^NY,' \ "* ^ *^^ °° hearths. Blackstone. 

HEART'I-LY, adv. 1. From the heart ; with all the heart j 
with sincerity ; really. 2. With zeal 3 actively 5 vigor- 
ouslv. 3. Eagerly ; freely ; largely. 

HEART'I-NESS, n. 1. Sincerity; zeal; ardor; earnest- 
ness. 2. Eagerness of appetite. 

HEART'LESS, a. Without courage ; spiritless ; faint-heart- 
ed. Dryden. 

HEART'LESS-LY, adv. Without courage or spirit ; famt- 
ly ; timidly ; feebly. 

HEART'LESS-NESS, n. Want of courage or spirit ; dejec- 
tion of mind ; feebleness. Bp. Hall. 

HEART'SoME, a. Merry; cheerful; lively. Brockett. 

HEARTY, a. 1. Having the heart engaged in any thing ; 
sincere ; warm ; zealous. 2. Proceeding from the heart ; 
sincere ; warm. 3. Being full of health ; sound ; strong ; 
healthy. 4. Strong ; durable. JVotton. 5. Having a keen 
appetite ; eating much. 6. Strong ; nourishing. 

t HEART'Y-HALE, a. Good for the heart. Spenser. 

Heat, n. [Sax. heat, hcst.] 1. Heat, as a cause of sensa- 
tion, that is, the matter of heat, is considered to be a subtil 
fluid, contained in a greater or less degree in all bodies. 
In modern chemistry, it is called caloric. 2. Heat, as a 
sensation, is the effect produced on the sentient organs of 
animals, by the passage of caloric, disengaged from sur- 
roundmg bodies, to the organs. 3. Hot air ; hot weather. 
4. Any accumulation or concentration of the matter of 
heat or caloric. 5. The state of being once heated or hot. 
6. A violent action unintermitted ; a single effort. 7. A 
single effort in running ; a course at a race. 8. Redness 
of the face ; flush. 9. Animal excitement ; violent action 
or agitation of the system. 10. Utmost violence ; rage ; 
vehemence. 11. Violence ; ardor. 12. Agitation of 
mind ; inflammation or excitement ; exasperation. 13. 
Ardor ; fervency ; animation in thought or discourse. 14. 
Fermentation. 

HeAT, v. t. [Sax. hcetan.] 1. To make hot ; to communi- 
cate heat to, or cause to be hot. 2. To make feverish. 
3. To warm with passion or desire ; to excite ; to rouse 
into action. 4. To agitate the blood and spirits with ac- 
tion ; to excite animal action. 

HeAT, v. i To grow warm or hot. 

HEAT, for heated, is in popular use, and pronounced hel ; 
but it is not elegant. 

HeAT'ED, pp. Made hot; hiflamed ; exasperated. 

HeAT'ER, n. 1. He or that which heats. 2. A triangular 
mass of iron, which is heated and put iato a box-iron to 
heat it for ironing clothes. 

HeAT'FUL, a. Full of warmth. Sylvester. 

HeATHj'ti. [SsiX. hcBth.] 1. A plant or shrub of the genus 
erica, of many species. 2. A place overgrown with heath. 
3. A place overgrown with shrubs of any kind. 

HeATH'COGK, n. A large fowl which frequents heaths, a 
species of grouse. Carew. 

HeATH'PeA, 71. A species of bitter vetch, oro&Ms. 

HeATHTOUT, n. A bird, the same as the heath-cock. 

HeATH'ROSE, n. A plant. Ainsworth. 



HeATH'EN, (he'then) n. [Sax. hathen ; G. heide ; D. 

heiden ; Gr. edvog.] 1. A pagan ; a Gentile ; one who 
worships idols, or is unacquainted with the true God. 2. 
A rude, illiterate, barbarous person. 

HeATH'EN, a. Gentile; pagan. Addison. 

HeATH'EN-ISH, a. 1. Belonging to Gentiles or pagans. 

2. Rude; ilhterate ; wild; imcivilized. 3. Barbarous; 
savage ; cruel ; rapacious. 

HeATH'EN-ISH-LY, adv. After the manner of heathens. 

HeATH'EN-ISH-NESS, n. A profane state, like that of 
the heathens. 

HeATH'EN-ISM, n. 1. Gentilism ; paganism ; ignorance 
of the true God ; idolatry. 2. Rudeness ; barbarism ; ig- 
norance. 

HeATH'EN-iZE, v. t. To render heathen or heathenish. 

HEATHER, n. Heath. 

HeATH'Y, a. Full of heath; abounding with heath. Mor- 
timer. 

HeAT'ING, ppr. 1. Making warm or hot; inflaming; 
rousing the passions ; exasperating. 2. a. Tending to 
impart heat to ; promoting warmth or heat ; exciting ac- 
tion ; stimulating. 

HeAT'LESS, a. Destitute of heat ; cold. Beaumont. 

HeAVE, (heev) v. t. ; pret. heaved, or hove ; pp. heaved, 
hove, formerly hoven. [Sax. heafan, he/an, heofan.] 1. To 
lift : to raise ; to move upward. 2. To cause to swell. 

3. To raise or force from the breast. 4. To raise ; to ele- 
vate ; with high. 5. To puff; to elate. 6. To throw ; to 
cast ; to send. 7. To raise by turning a windlass ; with 
up. 8. To turn a windlass or capstan with bars or levers. 
— To heave ahead, to draw a ship forwards. — To heave 
astern, to cause to recede; to draw back. — To heave 
down, to throw or lay down on one side ; to careen. — To 
heave out, to throw out. With seamen, to loose or unfurl 
a sail, particularly the stay-sails.— To heave to, to bring 
the ship's head to the wind, and stop her motion. — To 
heave up, to relinquish ; ivulgar.l 

Heave, (heev) V. i. 1. To swell, distend or dilate. 2. 
To pant ; to breathe with labor or pain. 3. To keck ; to 
make an effort to vomit. 4. To rise in billows, as the 
sea ; to swell. 5. To rise ; to be lifted. 6. To rise or 
swell, as the earth at the breaking up of frost. — To heave 
in sight, to appear ; to make its first appearance. 

Heave, (heev) n. 1. A rising or swell ; an exertion or 
effort upward. 2. A rising swell, or distention, as of the 
breast. 3. An eflbrt to vomit. 4. An effort to rise. 

HeAVE'-OF-FER-ING, n. Among the Jews, an offermg 
consisting of the tenth of the tithes which the Levites 
received. 

HEAVEN, (hev'n) n. [Sax. lieafen, hefen, heofen.] 1. The 
region or expanse which surrounds the earth, and which 
appears above and around us, like an immense arch or 
vault, in which are seen the sun, moon and stars. — 2. 
Among Christians, the part of space in which the omni- 
present Jehovah is supposed to afford more sensible mani- 
festations of his glory. — 3. Among pagans, the residence 
of the celestial gods. 4. The sky or air ; the region of 
the atmosphere ; or an elevated place ; in a very indefinite 
sense. — 5. The Hebrews acknowledged three heavens — 
tlie air, or aerial heavens ; the firmament, in which the 
stars are supposed to be placed ; and the heaven of heav- 
ens, or third heaven, the residence of Jehovah. Brown. — 
C. Modern philosophers divide the expanse above and 
around the earth into two parts — the atmosphere, or aerial 
heaven, and the ethereal heaven, beyond the region of the 
air, in which there is supposed to be a thin, unresisting 
medium, called ether. 7; The Supreme Power; the Sove- 
reign of heaven ; God. 8. The pagan deities ; celestials. 
9. Elevation; sublimity. 10. Supreme felicity; great 
happiness. 

HEAV'EN-AS-PIR'ING, a. Aspiring to heaven. 

HEAV'EN-BAN'ISHED, a. Banished from heaven. 

HEAV'EN-BE-GOT', a. Begot by a celestial being. Dry- 
den. 

HEAVEN-BORN, a. Born from heaven ; native of heaven, 
or of the celestial regions. Pope. 

HEAVEN-BRED, a. Produced or cultivated in heavem. 

HEAVEN-BUiLT, a. Built by the agency or favor of the 
gods. Pope. 

HEAV'EN-DI-RE€T'ED, a. 1. Pointing to the sky. 2. 
Taught or directed by the celestial powers. Pope. 

HEAVEN-FALL'EN, a. Fallen from heaven ; having re- 
volted from God. Milton. 

HEAVEN-GIFT'ED, a. Bestowed by heaven. Milton. 

HEAVEN-IN-SPTR'ED, a. Inspired by heaven. Milton. 

HEAVEN-IN-STRU€T'ED, a. Taught by heaven. Cra- 
shaw. 

HEAVEN-iZE, (hev'n-ize) v. t. To render like heaven. 

HEAVEN-KISS'ING, a. Touching as it were the sky. 

HEAV'EN-LI-NESS, n. Supreme excellence. 

HEAVEN-L6VED, a. Beloved by heaven. Milton. 

HEAVEN-LY, a. 1. Pertaining to heaven ; celestial. 2, 
Resembling heaven ; supremely excellent 3. Inhabiting 
heaven. 



* See Synopsis a, E, I, 0, U, Y, long —FAR, FALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BlRD ;- f Obsolete. 



HEB 



405 



HEE 



HEAV'EN-LY, adv. 1. In a manner resembling that of 
heaven. 2. By the influence or agency of heaven. 

IIEAV'EN-LY-MIND'ED, a. Having the affections placed 
on heaven, and on spiritual things. 

HEAV'EN-LY-MlND'ED-NESS, n. The state of having 
the affections placed on heavenly things. 

HEAV'EN-SA-LUT'ING, a. Touching the sky. Cra- 
shaiD. 

HEAVEN-WARD, adv. Toward heaven. Prior. 

HEAV'EN-WAR'RING, a. Warring against heaven. 

He AVER, 71.' One who heaves or lifts.— Among seamen, a 
staff for a lever. 

Heaves, (heevz) n. A disease of horses, characterized by 
difficult and laborious respiration. 

HEAVI-LY, (hev'e-ly) adv. 1. With great weight. 2. 
With great weight of grief; grievously; afflictively 3. 
Sorrowfully ; with grief. 4. With an air of sorrow or 
dejection. 5. With weight; oppressively. 6. Slowly 
and laboriously ; with difficulty. 

HEAV'I-NESS, (hev'e-nes) n. 1. Weight; ponderousness ; 
gravity ; the quality of being heavy. 2. Sadness ; sor- 
row ; dejection of mind ; depression of spirits. 3. Slug- 
gishness ; torpidness ; dullness of spirit ; languidness ; 
languor ; lassitude. 4. Weight ; burden; oppression. 5. 
That which it requkes great strength to move or over- 
come ; that which creates labor and difficulty. 6. Thick- 
ness ; moistness ; deepness. 7. Thickness ; moistness ; 
as of air. 

Heaving, fpr. Lifting; swelling; throwing; panting; 
making an effort to vomit. 

Heaving, %. a rising or swell ; a panting. Shak. 

HEAV'I-SoME, a. Dark ; dull ; drowsy. Craven dia- 
lect. 

HEAVY, (hev'y) a. [Sax. heafis, hefig.'] I. Weighty; 
ponderous ; having great weight, 2. Sad ; sorrowful ; 
dejected ; depressed in mind. 3. Grievous ; afflictive ; 
depressing to the spirits. 4. Burdensome ; oppressive. 
5. Wanting life and animation ; dull. 6. Drowsy; dull. 
7. Wanting spirit or animation ; destitute of life or rapid- 
ity of sentiment ; dull. 8. Wanting activity or vivacity; 
indolent. 9. Slow ; sluggish. 10. Burdensome ; tedious. 
11. Loaded; encumbered; burdened. 12. Lying with 
weight on the stomach ; not easily digested. 13. Moist ; 
deep ; soft ; miry. 14. Difficult ; laborious. 15. Weary ; 
supported with pain or difficulty. 16. Inflicting severe 
evils, punishments or judgments. 17. Burdensome ; oc- 
casioning great care. 18. Dull ; not hearing ; inattentive. 
19. Large, as billows ; swelling and rolhng with great 
force. 20. Large in amount. 21. Thick ; dense ; black. 
22. Violent ; tempestuous. 23. Large ; abimdant. 24. 
Great ; violent ; forcible. 25. Not raised by leaven or 
fermentation ; not light ; clammy. 23. Requiring much 
labor or much expense. 27. Loud.— ifea???/ metal, in mil- 
itary affairs, signifies large guns, carrying balls of a large 
size. 

HEAVY, (hev'y) adv. With great weight ; used in compo- 
sition. 

t HEAVY, (hev'y) v. t. To make heavv. Wicklife. 

HEAVY-HAND-ED, a. Clumsy ; not active or dextrous. 

HEAVY-LaD'EN, a. Laden with a heavy burden. 

HEAVY-SPAR, n. A genus of minerals. 

HeAZ'Y, a. [Icel. hoese.] Hoarse ; taking breath with dif- 
ficulty. [Provincial.] 

tHEB'DO-MAD, 71. [Gr. £j8(5o/^a?,- L. hebdojnada.] A week; 
a period of seven daj's. Brown. 

HEB-DOM'A-DAL, ) a. Weekly ; consisting of seven 

HEB-DOM'A-DA-RY, \ days, or occurring every seven 
days. 

HEB-DOM'A-DA-RY, n. A member of a chapter or con- 
vent, whose week it is to officiate in the choir. 

HEB-DO-MAT'I-€AL, a. Weekly. Bp. Morton. 

HEB'EN, 77,. Ebony. Spenser. 

HEB'E-TATE, v. t. [L. hebeto.'] To dull ; to blunt ; to'^tu- 
pefy. 

HEB'E-TA-TED, pp. Made blunt, dull or stupid. 

HEB'E-TA-TING, ^r. Rendering blunt, dull or stupid. 

HEB-E-Ta'TION, 71. 1. The act of making blunt, dull or 
stupid. 2. The state of being dulled. 

t HE-BeTE', a. Dull ; stupid. 

HEB'E-TUDE, n. [L. liebetudo.] Dullness ; stupidity. 

HE-BRa'I€, a. [from Hebrew .] Pertaining to the Hebrews; 
designating the language of the Hebrews. 

HE-BRA'I-eAL-LY, adv. After the manner of the Hebrew 
language ; from right to left. Swift. 

* He'BRA-ISM, 72. A Hebrew idiom. 

* He'BRA-IST, n. One versed in the Hebrew language. 
He'BRA-iZE, v. t. To convert into the Hebrew idiom ; to 

make Hebrew. J. P. Smith. 
He'BRA-iZE, v. i. To speak Hebrew, or to conform to the 

Hebrews. 
He'BREW, n. [Heb. "IJ^ Eber, either a proper name, or a 

name denoting passage, pilgrimage, or coming from beyond 

the Euphrates.] 1. One of the descendants of Eber or Heber ; 



but particularly, a descendant of Jacob, who was a de- 
scendant of Eber ; an Israelite ; a Jew. 2. The Hebrew 
language. 

He'BREW, a. Pertaining to the Hebrews. 

He'BREW-ESS, n. An Israelitish woman. 

HE-BRl"CIAN, 71. One skilled in the Hebrew language. 

HE-BRIDT-AN, a. Pertaining to the Hebrides. 

HE€'A-TC>MB, n. [L. hecatombe.] In antiquity, a sacrifice 
of a hundred oxen or beasts of the same kind, 

HE€K, 71. 1. An engine or instrument for catching fish. 
2. A rack for holding fodder for cattle ; [local,'] 3 A 
bend in a stream. 4. A hatch or latch of a door; 
[local.] 

HE€<KLE, V. t. A different orthography of hackle, or 
hetchel. 

HE€'TARE, n. [Gr. tKarov, and L. area.] A French mea- 
sure containing a hundred ares. 

HE€'Tie, or HEC'TI-€AL, a. [Gr. ektiko^.] 1 Habitual , 
denoting a slow, continual fever, marked by preternat- 
ural, though remitting heat, which precedes and accom- 
panies the consumption or phthisis. 2. Affected with 
hectic fevers. 3. Troubled with a morbid heat, 

HE€'TI€, 71. A hectic or habitual fever, Shak. 

HEC'TI-eAL-LY, adv. Constitutionally, Johnson. 

HEC'TO-GRAM, 71, [Gr. tKarov and ypaji^a.] IntheFrench 
system of weights and measures, a weight containing a 
hundred gi-ams. 

HE€'TO-LI-TER, n. [Gr. CKarov and hrpa.] A French 
measure of capacity for liquids, containing a hundred 
liters. 

HE€-TOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. eKarov and ftErpoy.] A French 
measure equal to a hundred metres. 

HECTOR, 71. [from ZTector, the son of Priam.] 1. A bully; 
a blustering, turbulent, noisy fellow. 2. One who teases 
or vexes. 

HECTOR, v. t. 1. To threaten ; to bully ; to treat with in- 
solence. 2. To tease ; to vex ; to torment by words. 

HECTOR, v. i. To play the bully ; to bluster. 

HECTORED, pp. Bullied ; teased. 

HECTOR-ING, ppr. Bullying ; blustering ; vexing. 

HECTOR-ISI\I, 7J. The disposition or practice of a hector , 
a bullying. Ch. Relig. Appeal. 

HECTOR-LY, a. Blustering ; insolent. Barrow. 

HED-EN-BERG'ITE, n. A mineral. 

HED-ER-a'CEOUS, a. [L. hederaceus.] 1. Pertaining to 
ivy. 2. Producing ivy. 

HED'ER-AL, a. Composed of ivy ; belonging to ivy. 

HED-E-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L, hedera and fero.] Producing 
ivy, 

HEDGE, (hej) n. [Sax, hege, heag, hag, he^ge; G. heck 
D. heg, haag. \ Properly, a thicket of thorn-bushes or othef 
shrubs or small trees ; but appropriately, such a thicket 
planted round a field to fence it, or in rows, to separate 
the parts of a garden. Hedge, prefixed to another word, 
or in composition, denotes something mean, as a hedge- 
priest. ' 

HEDGE, (hej) v. t. 1. To inclose with a hedge ; to fence 
with a thicket of shrubs or small trees ; to separate by a 
hedge, 2, To obstruct with a hedge, or to obstruct in any 
manner, 3. To surround for defense ; to fortify. 4. To 
inclose for preventing escape. 

HEDGE, (hej) v. i. To'hide, as in a hedge ; to skulk, 

HEDGE-BILL, or HEDG'ING-BILL, n. A cutting hook 
used in dressing hedges, 

HEDGE'-BORN, a. Of low bu-th, as if bom in the woods ; 
outlandish ; obscure, Shak. 

HEDGE'-BOTE. n. Wood for repairing hedges, 

HEDGE'-€RHEP-ER, n. One who skulks under hedges, 

HEDGE-FtJ'MI-TO-RY, n. A plant, Ainsworth. 

HEDGE'HOG, n. 1. Aquadruped,or genus of quadrupeds, 
the eriniLceus. The common hedgehog has round ears, 
and crested nostrils ; his body is about nine inches long, 
and the upper part is covered with prickles or spines, 2, 
A term of reproach, Shak. 3, A plant of the genus medi- 
cago, or snail-trefoil, 4, The globe-fish. The sea-hedge- 
ho'o-, is the echinus, a genus of zoophytes 

HEDGE'HOG-THIS'TLE, n. A plant, the cactus. 

HEDGE'-HYS-SOP, 71. A plant, the gratiola. 

HEDGE'-MUS-TARD, n. A plant, the erysimum. 

HEDGE'-NET-TLE, 71. A plant, the galeopsis. 

HEDGE'-NOTE, n. A term of contempt for low writing. 

HED6ETIG, 71. A young hedgehog. Shak. 

HEDGE'RoW, 71. A row or series of shrubs or trees planted 
for inclosure, or separation of fields. 

HEDGE'-SPAR-RoW, n. A bird frequenting hedges, 

HEDGE'- WRiT-ER, 71, A Grub-street writer, or low author 

HEDG'ER, 71. One who makes hedges. 

HEDG'ING, ppr. Inclosing with a hedge ; confining, 

HEED, v.t. [Sax, hedan.] To mind ; to regard with care ; 
to take notice of ; to attend to ; to observe 

HEED, 71, 1, Care ; attention, 2, Caution ; care ; watch 
for danger; notice; circumspection, 3. Notice ; observa- 
tion ; regard; attention. 4. Seriousness; a steady look. 



Sef Si,mov,<^s M(WE, BOQK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; <5H as SH ; TH as in this, f Ob^lete. 



HEI 



406 



HEL 



HEED, r.i. To mind; to consider. Warton. 

HEED'ED, -pp Noticed ; observed ; regarded. 

HEED'FUL, a. 1, Attentive ; observing ; giving heed. 2. 
Watchful ; cautious ; circumspect ; wary. 

HEED'FUL-LY, adv. 1. Attentively ; carefully ; cautious- 
ly. 2. Watclifully. 

HEED'FUL-N±;SS, n. Attention ; caution ; vigilance ; cir- 
cumspection ; care. 

t HEED'I-LY, adv. Cautiously ; vigilantly. Diet. 

■j-HEEiyi-NESS, 71. Caution 3 vigilance. Spenser. 

HEED'LESS, a. Inattentive ; careless ; negligent ; thought- 
less ; regardless ; unobserving. 

HEED'LESS-LY, adv. Carelessly; negligently; inatten- 
tively ; without care or circumspection. 

HEED'LESS-NESS, n. Inattention ; carelessness ; thought- 
lessness ; negligence. Locke. 

HEEL, n. [Sax. AeZ, helaA 1. The hind part of the foot. 
2. The whole foot. 3. The hind part of a shoe, either for 
man or beast. 4, The part of a stocking intended for the 
heel. 5. Something shaped like the human heel ; a pro- 
tuberance or knob. 6. The latter part. 7. A spur. 8. 
The after end of a ship's keel ; the lower end of the stem- 
post to which it is connected ; also, the lower end of a 
mast. — To be at the heels, to pm-sue closely ; to follow 
hard ; also, to attend closely. — To show the heels, to flee ; 
to run from. — To take to the heels, to flee ; to betake to 
flight. — To lay by the heels, to fetter ; to shackle ; to con- 
fine. — To have the heels of, to outrun. — Keck and heels, 
the whole length of the body. 

HEEL, V. i. To dance. Shak. 

HEEL, v.t. 1. To arm a cock. 2. To add a heel to. 

HEEL, V. i. [Sax. hjjldaii.] To incline ; to lean. 

HEEL'ER, n. A cock that strikes well with his heels. 

HEEL'-PIECE, n. I. Armor for the heels. Chesterfield. 2. 
A piece of leather on the heel of a shoe. 

HEEL'-PIeCE, V. t. To put a piece of leather on a shoe- 
heel. 

HEFT, n. [Sax. hefe.] 1. Heaving; effort; [obs.] Shak. 
2. [D. heft.] A handle; a haft; [obs.] Waller. 3. 
Weight ; ponderousness. [This use is common in popu- 
lar language in America. And we sometimes hear it used 
as a verb, as, to heft, to lift for the purpose of feeling or 
judging of the weight.] 

HEFT'ED, a. Heaved ; expressing agitation. Shak. 

HEG, 71. A fairy ; a witch. See Hag. 

HEGE-MON'I€, ( a. [Gr. rjYEijoviKog.] Ruling ; pre- 

HE6E-MON'I-€AL, \ dominant. Fotherby. 

*HE-GI'RA, n. [Ar. from hajara, to remove, to desert.] In 
chronology, an epoch among the Mohammedans, from 
which they compute time. The event which gave rise to 
it was the flight of Mohammed from Mecca, July 16, A.D. 
622. 

HEIF'ER, (hefer) n. [Sax. heafre.] A young cow. 

HElGH-HO, (hi'ho). An exclamation expressing some de- 
gree of languor or uneasiness. Dryden has used it for the 
voice of exaltation. 

* HEIGHT, ) ,, -^ , r n. [Sax. heahtho, heatho, hehthe, 
HiGHl', \ ^""^^ \ heotho, hethe, hlhth, hyhthe.] 
fllGHTH, (hit-th) ( 1. Elevation above the ground; 

any indefinite distance above the earth. 2. Tiie altitude 
of an object; the distance which any thing rises above its 
foot, basis or foundation. 3. Elevation of a star or other 
celestial luminary above the horizon. 4. Degree of lati- 
tude, either north or south. 5. Distance of one thing 
above another. 6. An eminence ; a summit; an elevated 
part of any thing. 7. A hill or mountain ; any elevated 
ground. 8. Elevation of rank ; station of dignity or office, 
y. Elevation in excellence of any kind, as in power, 
learning, arts. 10. Elevation in fame or reputation. 11. 
Utmost degree in extent or violence. 12. Utmost exer- 
tion. 13. Advance ; degree ; progress towards perfection 
or elevation. Addison. 

HEIGHTEN, (hi'tn) v.t. 1. To raise higner ; but not often 
used in this literal sense. 2. To advance in progress 
towards a better state ; to improve ; to meliorate ; to in- 
crease in excellence. 3. To aggravate ; to advance to- 
wards a worse state ; to augment in violence. 4. To 
ircrease. 

HElGHT'ENED, (hi'tnd) pp. Raised higher; elevated; 
exalted; advanced; improved; aggravated; increased. 

HElGHT'EN-ING, (hi'tn-ing) ppr. Raising; elevating; 
exaltin? ; improving; increasing; aggravating. 

HElGHT'EN-ING, (hi tn-ing) n. 1. The act of elevating ; 
increase of excellence ; improvement. 2. Aggravation ; 
augmentation. 

*HEI'NOUS, ) a. [The orthography hainous would be pref- 

HaI'NOUS, i erable, as it gives the true pronunciation 
and derivation of this word, which is from the Fr. hai- 
neux.] Properly, hateful ; odious ; hence, great, enormous, 
aggravated. 

* HEI'NOUS-LY, adv. Hatefully ; abominablv ; enormously. 

* HEI'NOUS-NESS, n. Odiousness ; enormity. 

HEIR, (are) n. [Norm, hier, here.] 1. The man who suc- 
ceeds, or is to succeed another in the possession of lands, 



tenements and hereditaments, by descent. 2. One who 
inherits, or takes from an ancestor. 3. One who succeeds 
to the estate of a former possessor. 4, One who is entitled 
to possess. 

HEIR, (are) v. t. To inherit; to take possession of an 
estate of inheritance, after the death of the ancestor. ' 

HEIR-AP-PA'RENT, n. lae man who has an absolute and 
exclusive title to succeed to his estate or crown. 

HElR-PRE-SUMP'TlVE, 71. One who, if the ancestor 
should die immediately, would be heir, but whose right 
of inheritance may be defeated by any contingencj'^, as by 
the birth of a nearer relative. 

HEIR'DoM, (are'dum) n. Succession by inheritance. Burke. 

HEIR'ESS, (are'es) n. A female heu: ; a female that inherits 
an estate ; an inheritrix. 

HEIR'LESS, (are'les) a. Destitute of an heir. 

HEIR'-LOOM, (are'loom) n. [heir, and Sax. loma.] Any 
furniture, movable, or pei-sonal chattel, which by Aw de- 
scends to the heir with the house or freehold. 

HEIR'SHIP, (are ship) n. The state, character or privileges 
of an heir; right of inheriting. 

HELD, pret. andpj?. of hold. 

tHELE, t'. t, [L.celo.] To hide. Oower. 

HE-Ll'A-€AL, a. [L. heliacus.] Emerging from the light 
of the sun, or passing into it. 

HE-Ll'A-CAL-LY, adv. A star rises heliacally, when it 
emerges from the sun's light, so as to be visible. 

HEL'I-€AL, a. [Gr. fAt|.] Spiral; winding ; moving round. 
Wilkins. 

HEL'LCITE, n. Fossil remains of the helix, a shell. 

He'LING, n. [L. celo.] The covering of the roof of a build- 
ing ; written also hilling. 

HE-LI-0-CENT'RI€, a. [Fr. heliocentrique.] The heliocen- 
tric place of a planet is the place of the ecliptic in which 
the planet would appear to a spectator at the centre of the 
sun. 

HE-LI-OL'A-TER, 7i. [Gr-jyAtos and Xarpeuo).] A worship- 
er of the sun. Drummond. 

HE-LI-OL'A-TRY, 71. [Gr fj'Xios ani^avficia.] The wor- 
ship of the sun, a branch of Sabianism. 

HE-LI-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. tjXios and iierpeo}.] An mstru- 
ment for measuring the diameter of the heavenly bodies. 

He'LI-0-S€OPE, n. [Gr. 11X105 and (jkotteu).] A sort of tele- 
scope fitted for viewing the sun. 

He'LI-O-STATE, n. [Gr. >;Xjosand cTaros.] An uistrument 
by which a sunbeam may be steadily directed to one 
spot. 

He'LI-O-TROPE, n. [Gr. rjXios and rpsTrw.] 1, Among the 
ancients, an instrument or machine for showing when the 
sun arrived at the tropics and the equinoctial line. 2. A 
genus of plants, the turnsole. 3. A mineral. 

HEL-IS-PHER'I€, I a. Spiral. The helispherical lice 

HEL-IS-PHER'I-CAL, \ is the rhumb line in navigation. 

He'LIX, 11. [Gr. iA(^.] I. A spiral line; a winding; or 
something that is spiral. — ^2. In zoology, the snail-shell. 

HELL, n. [i:ax.heU,helle.] 1. The place or state of pun - 
ishment for the wicked after death. 2. The place of the 
dead, or of souls after death ; the lower regions, or the 
grave. 3. The pains of /tell, temporal death, or agonies 
that dying persons feel, or which bring to the brink of the 
grave. 4. The gates of hell, the power and policy of Sa- 
tan and his instruments. 5. The infernal powers. 6. 
The place at a running play to which are carried those 
who are caught. 7. A place into which a tailor throws 
his shreds. 8. A dungeon or prison ; [obs.] 

HELL BLACK, a. Black as hell. Shak. 

HELL -BORN, a. Born in hell. 

HELL'-BRED, a. Produced in hell. 

HELL'-BREWED, a. Prepared in hell. 

HELL'-BROTH, n. A composition for infernal purposes. 

HELL'-CAT, 71. A witch ; a hag. Middleton. 

HELL-CON-FOUND 'ING, a. Defeating the infernal pow 
ers. 

HELL'-DOOMED, a. Doomed or consigned to hell. Milton 

HELL'-G6V-ERNED, a.' Directed by hell. Shak. 

HELL'-HAG, v. A hag of hell. 

HELL'-HaT-ED, a. Abhorred as hell. Shak. 

HELL'-HAUNT-ED, a. Haunted by the devil. 

HELL'-HOUND, n. A dog of hell ; an agent of hell. 

HELL'-KlTE, n. A kite of an infernal breed. 

HEL'LE-BORE, n. [L. helleborus.] The name of several 
plants of different genera, the most important of which 
are the black hellebore, Christmas rose, or Christmas 
flower. 
HEL'LE-BO-RTSM, n. A medicinal preparation of helle- 
bore. Ferrand. 
HEL-Li?'NI-AN, ) a. [Gr. iWriviKog, iWrjviog.] Pertaining 
HEL-LEN'ie, ) to the Hellenes, or inhabitants ol 

Greece. 
HEL'LEN-ISM, 71. [Gr. IWriviap-os.] A phrase in the idiom, 

genius or construction of the Greek language. 
HEL'LEN-IST, n. [Gr. iWriviarvs.] 1. A Grecian Jew ; a 



* See S^opsis A, E, I, O, U Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BiRD j— f Obsolete. 



HEM 



407 



HEN 



Jew who used the Greek language. 2. One skilled in the 
Greek language. 

HEL-LE-NIS'TI€, a. Pertaining to the Hellenists. 

HEL-LE NIS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. According to the Helle- 
nistic dialect. Gregory. 

HEL'LE-NiZE, v. u To use the Greek language. 

HEL'LES-PONT, n. A narrow strait between Europe and 
Asia, now called the Dardanelles. 

HEL-LES-PONT'iiNE, a. Pertaining to the Hellespont. 

tHEL'LI-ER, n. A tiler or slater. See Hele. 

HELL'ISH, a. 1. Pertaining to hell. 2. Like hell in quali- 
ties ; infernal ; malignant ; wicked ; detestable. 

HELL'ISH-LYj adv. Infernally ; with extreme malignity ; 
wickedly ; detestably. Bp. Barloic. 

HELL'ISH-NESS, n. The qualities of hell or of its inhabit- 
ants ; extreme wickedness, malignity or impiety. 

HELL'WAPvD, adu. Towards hell. Pope. 

HELL'Y, a. Having the qualities of liell. Anderson. 

HELM, a termination, denotes defense ; as in Sighelm, vic- 
torious defense. 

HELM, 71. [SsiX. hehna; G. helm.] 1 The instrument by 
which a ship is steered. 2. Station of government j the 
place of direction or management. 

HELM, v.t. 1. To steer ; to guide ; to direct ; [little iised.] 
Shak. 2. To cover with a helmet. Milton. 

HELM, \ n. [Sax. helm.] 1. Defensive armor for the 

HELM'ET, ] head] a head-piece: a morion. 2. The 
part of a coat of arms that bears the crest. 3. The upper 
part of a retort. — 4. In botany, the upper lip of a ringent 
corol . 

hIlmIiT-ED I '^- Furnished with a helmet. 

HEL-MIN'THie, a [Gr. iXpiivs.] ExpeUing worms. 

HEL-MIN'THI€, n A medicine for expelling worms. 

HEL-MIN-TH0-L0G'I€, ) a. Pertaining to worms or 

HEL-Mm-THO-LOG'I €AL, \ vermes. 

HEL-MIN THOL'0-GIST, n. One who is versed in the 
natural history of vermes. 

riEL-MLNT-THOL O-GY, n. [Gr. f'Af/tv? and '\oyoi.] The 
science or knowledge of vermes ; the description and 
natural history of vermes. 

HELM'LESS, a. I. Destitute of a helmet. 2. Without a 
helm. 

HELMS'MAN, n. The man at the helm. 

HELM'WIND, n. A wind in the mountainous parts of 
England, so called. Burn. 

HEL'OT-ISM, n. Slavery ; the condition of the Helots, 
slaves in Sparta. Stephens. 

HELP, V. t. a regular verb ; the old past tense and partici- 
ple holp and holpen being obsolete. [W. helpu ; Sax. helpan, 
hijlpan.] 1. To aid ; to assist : to lend strength or means to- 
wards effecting a purpose. 2. To assist ; to succor ; to 
lend means of deliverance. 3. To relieve ; to cure, or to 
mitigate pain or disease. 4. To remedy ; to change for 
the better. 5. To prevent ; to hinder. 6. To forbear ; to 
avoid. — To help forward, to advance by assistance. — To 
help on, to forward ; to promote by aid. — To help out, to 
aid in delivering from difficulty. — To help over, to enable 
to surmount.— 7'o help off, to remove by help. — To help to, 
to supply with ; to furnish with. 

HELP, V. i. To lend aid ; to contribute strength or means.— 
To help out, to lend aid ; to bring a supply. 

HELP, 71. [W, help.] 1. Aid ; assistance. 2. That which 
gives assistance ;" he or that which contributes to advance 
a purpose. 3. Remedy ; relief. 4. A hired man or wo- 
man ; a servant. United States. 

HELP'ER, 71. L One that helps, aids or assists ; an assist- 
ant ; an auxiliary. 2. One that furnishes or administers 
a remedy. 3. One that supplies with any thing wanted ; 
with to. 4. A supernumerary servant. 

HELP'FUL, a. 1. That gives aid or assistance ; that fur- 
nishes means of promoting an object ; useful. 2. Whole- 
some ; salutary. 

HELP'FTJL-NESS, n. Assistance ; usefulness. 

HELP'LESS, a. 1. Without help in one's self j destitute of 
the power or means to succor or relieve one's self. 2. 
Destitute of support or assistance. 3. Admitting nohelp : 
irremediable ; [not zised.] 4. Unsupplied ; destitute ; [obs.] 

IIELP'LESS-LY, fl(Zy. Without succor. Kid. 

HELP'LESS-I^ESS, n. Want of strength or ability; in- 
ability. 

HELP'MATL, n. A companion ; an assistant. 

HEL'TER-SKEL'TER. Cant words denoting huiTy and 
confusion. [ Vulgar.] 

HELVE, (helv) n. [Sax. helf.] The handle of an axe or 
hatchet. 

HELVE, (helv) v. t. To furnish with a helve, as an axe. 

HEL-VET'I€, a. [Sax. Hxfelden.] Designating what per- 
tains to the Helvetii, or to the Swiss. 

HEL'VIN, 71. A mineral of a yellowish color. 

HEM, 71. [Sax. 7je?w.] 1. The border of a garment, doubled 
and sewed to strengthen it, and prevent the raveling of 
the threads. 2. Edge ; border. 3. A particular sound of 
the human voice, expressed by the word hem. 



HEM, v.t. 1. To form a hem or border ; to fold and sew 
down the edge of cloth to strengthen it. 2. To border ; 
to edge. — To hem in, to inclose and confine ; to surround, 
to environ. 

HEM, V. i. [D. hemmen ] To make the sound expressed by 
the word hem. 

HEM'A-€HATE, n. [Gr. aijia and axarris.] A species of 
agate, of a blood color. 

HEM'A-TIN, 71. The coloring principle of logwood. 

HEM'A-TITE, 77. [Gr. aniariTrig.] The name of two ores of 
iron, the red hematite, and the brown hematite. 

HEM-A-TIT'I€, a. Pertauiing to hematite. 

HEM'A-TOPE, n. The sea-pye, a fowl. 

HEM-ER-O-BAP'TIST, n. [Gr. i^/ttpa and jSaTrrw.J One of 
a sect among the Jews who bathed every day. 

HEM'I, in composition, from the Gr. Tj/^iernj, signifies half, 
like demi and semi. 

HEM'I-€RA-NY, n. [Gr. rj^iavg and Kgaviov.] A pain that 
affects only one side of the head. 

HEM'I-C-Y-€LE, n. [Gr. hl^iKVKKog.] Ahalfckcle. 

HE-MID'I-TONE, n. In Greek music, the lesser third. 

HEBI'I-NA, 7;. [L.] 1. In Roman antiquity, a measure con- 
taining half a sextary. — 2. In medicine, a measure equal to 
about ten ounces. 

HEM'I-PLE-GY, 7?. [Gr. niJ^icvs and ttXj?)/??.] A palsy that 
affects one half of the body. 

HE-MIF'TEK, ) n. [Gr. >;//to-i; and TTTtpov.] An order of 

HE-MTP'TE-RA, \ insects. 

HE-MIP'TE-RAL, a. Having the upper wings half crusta- 
ceous and half membranaceous. 

HEM'I-SPHERE, n. [Gr. I'uxia^aipiov.] I. A half sphere ; 
one half of a sphere or globe, when divided by a plane 
passing through its centre.— In astronomy, one half the 
mundane sphere. 2. A map or projection of half the ter- 
restrial globe. 

HEM-I-SPHER'I€, \ a. Containing half a sphere or 

HEiM-I-SPHER'I-€AL, S globe. 

*HEM'I-STI€H, 71. [Gx.iijjLicTixiov.] Half a poetic verse, 
or a verse not completed. Dryden. 

HE-MIS'TI-€HAL, a. Pertaining to a hemistich ; denoting 
a division of the verse. Warton. 

HEM'I-TONE, 71. [Gx. hl^LTOviov.] A half tone in tbmsic ; 
now called a semitone. 

HEM'I-TROPE, a. [Gr. tjukjvs and rpsTrw.] Half turned ; a 
hemitrope crystal is one in which one segment is turned 
through half the circumference of a circle. 

HEM'LOe, 71. [Sax. hemleac] 1. A plant of the genua 
conium, whose leaves and root are poisonous. 2. A tree 
of the genus pimis, an evergreen. 3. A poison, an infu- 
sion or decoction of the poisonous plant. 

HEM'MEL, 7!. A shed ; a hovel ; a covering for cattle. 

HE-MOP'TY-SIS, ) a. [Gr. aiixa and nrvais.] A spitting of 

PIE-MOP'TO-E, ] blood. 

HEM'OR-RHAGE, \n. [Gr. aiixoppayia.] A flux of blood 

HEM'0R-RHA-6Y, \ proceeding from the rapture of a 
blood vessel, or some other cause. 

HEM'OR-RHA-GIC, a. Pertaining to a flux of blood; con- 
sisting in hemorrhage. 

HEM'OR-RHOIDS, n. [Gr. aiijoppon.] A discharge of 
blood from the vessels of the anus ; the piles ; in Scripture , 
emerods. 

HEM-OR-RHOID'AL, a. 1. Pertaining to the hemorrhoids. 
2. Consisting in a flux of blood from the vessels of the 
anus. 

HEMP, n. [Sax. henep ; G hanf.] 1. A fibrous plant consti- 
tuting the genus cannabis, whose skin or bark is used for 
cloth and cordage. 2. The skin or rind of the plant, pre- 
pared for spinning. 

HEMP-AG'RI-MO-NY, n. A plant. 

HEMP'EN, (hemp'n) a. Made of hemp. 

HEMP'Y, a. Like hemp. [Unusual.] Howell 

HEN, 7!. [Sax. hen, henne.] The female of any kind of 
fowl ; but it is particularly applied to the female of the 
domestic fowl of the gallinaceous kind. 

HEN'BANE, 7i. A plant, the hyoscyamus. Encyc. 

HEN'BIT, 71. A plant, the ivy-leaved speed-well. 

HEN'-€OOP, 71. A coop or cage for fowls. 

HEN'-DRTV-ER, 71. A kind of hawk. Walton. 

HEN'-HARM, )n. A species of kite, pygargus .^ins- 

HEN'-HAR-RIER, \ worth. 

HEN'HEART-ED, a. Cowardly ; timid ; dastardly 

HEN'HOUSE, 71. A house or shelter for fowls. 

HEN'PECKED, a. Governed by the wife. Dryden. 

HEN'ROOST, 71. A place where poultry rest at night. 

HENS'FEET, n. A plant, hedge-fumitory. Johnson. 

HENCE, (hens) at^TJ. [Sax. Aeovia.] 1. From this place. 2. 
From this time ; in the future. 3. From this cause or rea- 
son, noting a consequence, inference or deduction from 
something just before stated. 4. From this source or orig- 
inal.— ITe/ice signifies from this, and from before hence la 



' See !iynopsi,<>. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE j-BULL, UNITE.-C as K ; 6 as J -, S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



HER 



408 



HER 



not strictly correct.— Hence, as a verb, to send off, as used 
by Sidney_, is improper. 

HENCE'FoRTH, (liens'forth) adt). Prom this time forward. 

HENCE-FOR'WARD, (hens-for'vvard) adv. From this time 
forward ; henceforth. Dry den. 

f HENCH/JMAN, or f HENCH'BOY, n. [Sax. hinc.'] A page j 
a servant Dryden. 

tHEND, or f KENT, v. t. [Sax. hentan.] 1. To seize 5 to 
lay hold en. 2. To crowd : to press on. 

t HEND, or HENDY, a. Gentle. Chaucer. 

HEN-DEG'A-GON, n. [Gr. ivScKa and yujvia.] In geome- 
try, a figure of eleven sides, and as many angles. 

HEN-DE€-A-SYL'LA-BLE, n. [Gr. ivScKa and cvWaPr}.] 
A metrical line of eleven syllables. 

IIEN-Dl'A-DIS, n.' [Gr.] A figure, when two nouns are 
used instead of a noun and an adjective. 

HEP, 71. [Sax. keap.] The fruit of wild brier, or dog-rose ; 
commonly written hip. Bacon. 

He'PAR, rt. [h.hepar.] A combination of sulphur with an 
alkali. 

HE-PAT'I€, i a. [I hepaticus.] Pertaining to the 

HE-PATa-€AL, \ liver. 

HEP'A-TITE, n. A gem or mineral ; fetid sulphate of barytes. 

HEP'A-TiZE, V. t. To impregnate with sulphureted hydro- 
gen gas^ 

HEP'A-TiZED, p^. Impregnated or combined with sulphur- 
eted hydrogen gas. 

HEP-A-TOS'eO-PY, n. [Gr. ^nap and cKoniu).] The art or 
practice of divination by inspecting the liver of animals. 

HEP'PEN, a. [Sax. hoiplic.] Neat ; decent •, comfortable. 
Orose. 

HEPS, n. The berries of the hep-tree. 

HEP-TA-€AP'SU-LAR, a. [Gr. inra, and L. capsula.] 
Having seven cells or cavities for seeds. 

HEP'TA-€HORD, n. [Gr. irrra and XopcJ??.] A system of 
seven sounds. — In ancient poetry, verses sung or played on 
seven chords or different notes. 

HEP'TA-GON, 71. [Gr. iiTTa and yoovia.] In geometry, a 
figure consistuig of seven sides and as many angles. — In 
fortification, a place that has seven bastions for defense. 

HEP-TAG'O-NAL, a. Having seven angles or sides. 

HEP'TA-GYN, n. [Gr. iirra and yvvrj.'j In botany, a plant 
that has seven pistils. 

HEP-TA-GYN'I-AN, a. Having seven pistils. 

HEP-TA^HEX-A-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. hra, and L. hexahe- 
dral.] Presenting seven ranges of faces one above another, 
each range containing six faces. 

HEP-TAM'E-REDE, n. [Gr. hra and fiepis.] That which 
divides into seven parts. A. Smith. 

HEP-TAND'ER, n. [Gr. irrra and avvp.] In botany, a 
plant having seven stamens. 

HEP-TAN'DRI-AN, a. Having seven stamens. 

HEP-TAN'GU-LAR, a. [Gr. hra, and L. angular.] Hav- 
ing seven angles. 

HEP-TAPH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. hra and (pvWov-] Having 
seven leaves. 

HEP-TAR'GHie, a. Denoting a sevenfold government. 

HEP'TAR-€HIST, n. A ruler of one division of a heptar- 
chy. Warton. 

HEP'TAR-GHY, n. [Gr. iizra and aQ^n-l A government by 
seven persons, or the country governed by seven persons. 
But the word is usually applied to England, when under 
the government of seven Saxon kings. 

HEP'TA-TEUGH, n. [Gr. hra and Tivxo?.] The first 
seven books of the Old Testament. [Little used.] 

HEP'- TREE, 71. The wild dog-rose, a species of rosa. 

HER, (hur) an adjective, or pi-onominal adjective, of the third 
person. [Sax. Aire, sing, heoru.] 1. Belonging to a female. 
2. It is used before neuter nouns in personification — Her 
is also used as a pronoun or substitute for a female in the 
objective case, after a verb or preposition. 

HER'ALD, n. [Fr. heraut, for herault.] 1. An officer whose 
business was to denounce or proclaim war, to challenge to 
battle, to proclaim peace, and to bear messages from the 
commander of an army. 2. A proclairaer ; a publisher 3. 
A forerunner; a precursor; a harbinger. 4. An ofiicer in 
Great Britain, whose business is to marshal, order and 
conduct royal cavalcades, ceremonies at coronations, 
royal marriages, installations, creations of dukes and 
other nobles, embassies, funeral processions, declarations 
of war, proclamations of peace, &c. ; also, to record and 
blazon the arms of the nobility and gentry, and to regu- 
late abuses therein.— 5. Formerly, applied by the French 
to a minstrel. 

HER'ALD V. t. To introduce, as by a herald. 

HER'AL-Die, or HE-RAL'DIG, a. Pertaining to heralds or 
heraldry. 

HER-ALD'RY, n. The art or office of a herald ; the art of 
recording genealogies, and blazoning arms or ensigns 
armorial. 

HER'ALD-SHIP, n. The office of a herald. Selden. 

HERB, (erb) n. [L. herba ; Fr. herbe.] 1. A plant or vegeta- 



ble with a soft or succulent stalk or stem , which dies to the 
root every year.— 2. In the Linnean botany, that part of a 
vegetable which springs from the root and is terminated 
by the fructification. 

HERB'-GHRIST'O-PHER, n. A plant. 

HERB-ROB'ERT, n. A plant, a species of geranium. 

HER-Ba'CEOUS, a. [L. herbaceus.] Pertaining to herbs. 

HERB'AGE, (erb'aje) n. [Fr.] 1. Herbs collectively; 
grass ; pasture ; green food for beasts.— 2. In law, the liber- 
ty or right of pasture in the forest or grounds of another 
man. 

HERBA6ED, (erb'ajd) a. Covered with grass. Thomson. 

HERB'AL, n. 1. A book that contains the names and de- 
scriptions of plants. 2. A hortus siccus, or dry garden ; 
a collection of specimens of plants, dried and preserved. 

HERB'AL, a. Pertaining to herbs. 

HERB'AL-IST, n. A person skilled in plants; one who 
makes collections of plants. 

fHERB'AR, u. An herb. Spenser. 

HERB'A-RIST, n. A herbalist. [Little used.] Boyle. 

HER-Ba'RI-UM, 71. A collection of dried plants. 

HERB'A-RlZE. See Herborize. 

HERB'A-RY, n. A garden of plants. Warton. 

HERB'E-LET, 71. A small herb. Shak. 

t HERB'ER, n. Formerly, an arbor. See Herbary. 

HER-BES'CENT, a. [L. herbescens.] Growing into herbs 

HERB'ID, a. [L. herbidus.] Covered with herbs. 

HER-BIV'0-ROUS, a. [L, herba and voro.] Eating herbs; 
subsisting on herbaceous plants. 

HERB'LESS, (erb'Ies) a. Destitute of herbs. Warton. 

HERB'0-RIST. [See Herbalist.] Ray. 

HER-BO-RI-Za'TION, n. 1. The act of seeking plants in 
the field ; botanical research. 2. The figure of plants m 
minreal suhstances. See Arborization. 

HERB'0-RiZE, v. i. To search for plants, or to seek new 
species of plants, with a view to ascertain their charac- 
ters, and to class them. 

HERB'O-RiZE, v. t. To figure ; to form the figures of plants 
in minerals. [See Arborize.] Fourcroy. 

HERB'O-RiZED, pp. Figured ; containing the figure of a 
plant ; as a mineral body. 

HERB'0-RlZ-li\G, ppr. 1. Searching for plants. 2. Form- 
ing the figures of plants in minerals. 

t HER'BOR-OUGH, 71. [Germ. AerZ/er^.] Place of temporary 
residence. 

HEEB'OLS, a. [L. herbosus.] Abounding with herbs. 

HERB'TJ-LENT, a. Containing herbs. Diet. 

HERB'VVOM-AN, (erb'wum-an) n. A woman that sells herbs. 

HERB'Y,a. Haying the nature of herbs. [L. u.] Bacon. 

* HER-€u'LE-AN, a. [from Hercules.] 1. Very" great, difli- 
cult or dangerous ; as, Herculean labor. 2. Having ex- 
traordinary strength and size. 3. Of extraordinary 
strength, force or power. 

HER'€U-LeS, n. A constellation in the northern hemi- 
sphere, containing 113 stars. 

HER-CYN'I-AN,^ a. [from Her cynia.] Denoting an extensive 
forest in Germany. 

HERD, n. [Sax. herd, heard.] 1. A collection or assem- 
blage ; applied to beasts, when feeding or driven together 
2. A company of men or people, in contempt or detestation ; 
a crowd ; a rabble. 

HERD, n. [Sax. hyrd.] A keeper of cattle ; used by Spenser, 
and still used in Scotlaitd, but in English now seldom or 
never used, except in composition. 

HERD, v. i. 1. To unite or associate, as beasts ; to feed or 
run in collections. 2. To associate. 

HERD, V. t. To form or put into a herd. B. Jonson. 

t HERD'ESS, n. A shepherdess, Chaucer. 

f HERD'GROOM, 7*. A keeper of a herd. Spenser. 

HERD'ING,j>p7-. Associating in companies. 

HERD'M AN, ) n. 1. A keeper of herds ; one employed in 

HERDS'MAN, \ tending herds of cattle. 2. Formerly, 
the owner of a herd. 

HERE, adv. [Goth, and Sax. her ; G., D. hier.] 1. In this 
place ; in the place where the speaker is present. 2. In 
the present life or state, 3. It is used in making an offer 
or attempt, 4, In drinking health.— /t is neither here nor 
there, it is neither in this place nor in that ; neither in one 
place nor in another.— ifcre and there, in one place and 
another ; in a dispersed manner or condition ; thinly ; or 
irregularly. 

HeRE'A-BOUT, I , Ai, *.v,- 1 

Hir.RE'A-BOUTS \ '^' -^"out this place. Addison. 

HeRE-aF'TER, adv. 1. In time to come ; in some future 
time. 2, In a future state, 

HERE-AF'TER, 71. A future state. Addison 

HERE-AT', ado. At this. 

HERE-BY', adv. By this. V/atts. 

HERE-IN', adv. In this. 

HERE-IN-TO', adv. Into this. Hooker. 

HERE-OF', a<Z«. Of this; from this. Shak. 

HERE-ON', adv. On this. Brown. 

HERE-OUT', a<fw. Out of this place. Spenser. 

HERE-TO', adv. To this ; add to this. 



* See Synopsis^. il, E, I, O, tJ, "?, long.— F]iR, F/^LL. WHAT :— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete^ 



HER 



409 



HES 



HERE-TO-FoRE', adv. In times before the present ; for- 
merly. 

HERE-UN-TO', adu. To this. Hooker. 

HERE-UP-ON', adv. On this, 

HERE- WITH', adv. With this.— Most of the compounds of 
here and a preposition, are obsolete or obsolescent, or at 
least are deemed inelegant. 

HE-RED'IT-A-BLE, a. [L. hmreditas.] That may be in- 
herited. [JVot much used.l Locke. 

HE-RED'IT-A-BLY, adv. By inheritance. Tooke, Russ. 
Encyc. 

*HER-E-DIT'A-MENT, n. [L. lic^es, hceredium.] Any 
species of property that may be inherited. 

HE-RED'I-TA RI-LY, adv. By inheritance; by descent 
from an ancestor. Pope. 

HE-RED'I-TA-RY, a. [Fr. hereditaire.] 1. That has de- 
scended from an ancestor. 2. That may descend from an 
ancestor to an heir; descendible to an heir at law. 3. 
That is or may be transmitted from a parent to a child. 

tHER'E-MIT, n. A hermit. Bp. Hall. 

HER-E-MIT'I-CAL, o. Solitary ; secluded from society. 
Pope. See Hermitical. 

*HER'E-SI-ARePI, or HE-Re'SI-AR€H, n. [Gr. ojpso-tc 
and ap^os.] A leader in heresy; the chief of a sect of 

HER'E-SI-AR-€HY, n. Chief heresy. 

HER'E-SY, n. [Gr. aipeais ; L. hceresis.] 1. A fundamental 
error in religion, or an error of opinion respecting some 
fundamental doctrine of religion. But in countries where 
there is an established church, an opinion is deemed her- 
esy, when it differs from that of the church. — In Scripture, 
and primitive usage, heresy meant merely sect, party, or 
the doctrines of a sect, as we now use denomination, or 
persuasion, implying no reproach. — 2. Heresy, in law, is an 
offense against Christianity, consisting in a denial of some 
of its essential doctrines, publicly avowed and obstinately 
maintained. 3. An untenable or unsound opinion or doc- 
trine in politics. Swift. 

HER'E-TIC, n. [Gr. aipETiKog.'] 1. A person under any re- 
ligion, but particularly the Christian, who holds and 
teaches opinions repugnant to the established faith, or 
that which is made the standard of orthodoxy. 2. Any 
one who maintains erroneous opinions. Shak. 

HE-RET'I-CAL, a. Containing heresy ; contrary to the 
established faith, or to the true faith. 

HE-RET' I-CAL-LY, adv. In an heretical manner; with 
heresy. 

HER'E-TOG, ) n. [Sax. heretoga.] Among our Saxon an- 

HER'E-TOCH, ) cestors, the leader or commander of an 
army. 

HER'I-OT, 11. [Sax. heregeat.] In English law, a tribute or 
fine payable to the lord of the fee on the decease of the 
owner, landholder, or vassal. 

IIER'I-OT-A-BLE, a. Subject to the payment of a heriot, 

HER'IS-SON, n. [Fr.] In fortification, a beam or bar 
armed with iron spikes. 

HER'I-TA-BLE, a. 1. Capable of inheriting, or taking by 
descent. 2. That may be inherited. 3. Annexed to estates 
of inheritance. 

HER'I-TAGE, n. [Fr.] 1. Inheritance ; an estate that passes 
from an ancestor to ah heir by descent or course of law ; 
that which is inherited. — 2. In Scripture, the saints or 
people of God. 

HER-MAPH-RO-De'I-TY, n. Hermaphrodism. 

HER-MAPH'RO-DISM, n. The union of the two sexes in 
the same individual. 

HER-MAPH'RO-DITE, 71. [Fr. ; Gr. frp/^a^po^tro?.] I. A 
human being, having the parts of generation both of male 
and female. — 2. In botany, a flower that contains both the 
anther and the stigma. 3. A plant that has only hermaph- 
rodite flowers. 

HER-MAPH'RO-DITE, a. Designating both sexes in the 
same animal, flower or plant. 

HlR-Mi?™:SSaSAL, i «• P^'^t^king of both sexes. 

HER-MAPH-RO-DIT'I-€AL-LY, adv. After the manner 
of hermaphrodites. 

HER-ME-NEU'TI€, ) a. [Gr. IpixvvtvriKo^.] Interpret- 

HER-ME-NEu'TI-€AL, \ ing ; explaining ; unfolding the 
signification. 

IIER-ME-NEU'TI-€AL-LY, adv. According to the true art 
of interpreting words, M. Stuart. 

HER-ME-NEO'TICS, n. The art of finding the meaning of an 
author's words and phrases, and of explaining it toothers. 

HER-MET'ie, ; a. [Fr. hermetique.] 1. Designating 

IJER-MET'I-€AL, \ chemistry ; chemical. 2. Designat- 
ing that species of philosophy which pretends to solve 
and explain all the phenomena of nature from the three 
cbRmical principles, salt, sulphur aad mercury, 3. Desig- 
nating the system which explains the causes of diseastJs 
and the operations of medicine, on the principles of the 
liermelical philosophy. 4. Perfectly close, so that no air 
can escape. 



HER-MET'I-€AL-LY, adv. According to the hermetic art 
chemically ; closely ; accurately. 

HER'MIT, n. [Fr. hermite.] 1. A person who retires from 
society and lives in solitude ; a recluse ; an anchoret. 2. 
A beadsman ; one bound to pray for another. 

HER'MI-TAGE, n. 1. The habitation of a hermit. 2. A cell 
in a recluse place, but annexed to an abbey. 3. A kind 
of wine. 

HER'MI-TA-RY, n. A cell for the religious annexed to 
some abbey, 

HER'MI-TESS, n. A female hermit. Drummond. 

HER-MIT'I-€AL, a. 1 . Pertaining to a hermit, or to re- 
tired life. 2. Suited to a hermit. 

HER-MO-DA€'TYL, n. [Gr. tpiJivi and SaKrvXos.] In ma- 
teria medica, a root brought from Turkey. Encyc. 

HER-MO-Ge'NI-ANS, n. A sect of ancient heretics. 

HERN, n. A heron, which see. 

HERNHILL, n. A plant. 

HERN'I-A, 71. [L.] In 5Mr^er?/, a rupture ; a descent of the 
intestines or omentum from their natural place. 

tHERN'SHAW, w. A he. on. Spenser. 

He'RO, 71. [L. Aeros,] 1. A man of distinguished valor, in- 
trepidity or enterprise in danger. 2. A great, illustrious 
or extraordinary person. — 3. In a poem, or romance, the 
principal personage, or the person who has the principal 
share in the transactions related. — 4. In pagan mythology y 
a hero was an illustrious person, supposed after his death 
to be placed among the gods. 

HE-Ro'DI-ANS, n. A sect among the Jews. 

HE-Ro'I€, a. Pertaining to a hero or heroes. 2. Becom- 
ing a hero ; bold ; daring ; illustrious. 3. Brave ; intrepid ; 
magnanimous ; enterprising ; illustrious for valor. 4. 
Productive of heroes. 5. Reciting the achievements of 
heroes. 6, Used in heroic poetry or hexameter. — Heroic 
age, the age when the heroes, or tliose called the children 
of the gods, are supposed to have lived, 

HE-Ro'I-CAL, a. The same as heroic. [^Little used.] 

HE-Ro'I-CAL-LY, adv. In the manner of a hero ; with 
valor ; bravely ; courageously ; intrepidly. 

IIE-RO-I-€OM'I€, \ a. Consisting of the heroic and 

HE-RO-I-eOM'I-€AL, \ the ludicrous ; denoting the high 
burlesque. 

* HER'O-lNE, (herfo-in) n. [Fr. heroine.] A female hero ; a 
woman of a brave spirit. [Heroess is not in use.] 

* HER'O-ISM, n. [Fr. heroisme.] The qualities of a hero ; 
bravery; courage; intrepidity. 

HER'ON, n. [Fr.] A large fowl that devoure fish, 
HER'ON-RY, } n. A place where herons breed. Der- 
HER'ON-SHAW, ] ham. 

He'RO-SHIP, 71. The character of a hero. Cowper. 
HER'PES, n. [Gr. tpiTng.] Tetters; an eruption on the 

skin; erysipelas; ringworm, &c. 
HER-PET'I€, a. Pertaining to the herpes or cutaneous 

eruptions ; resembling the herpes. 

HER-PEtIo-LOG'I-€AL, i ''■ Pertaining to herpetology. 

HER-PE-TOL'0-GIST, 71. A person versed in herpetology, 
or the natural history of reptiles. 

HER-PE-T0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. tpTrsro?.] A description of 
reptiles ; the natural history of reptiles. 

HER'PLE, or HiR'PLE, v.i. To limp in walking ; to go 
lame. 

HER'RING, n. [Sax. hmring.] A small sea fish. 

HER'RJNG-FISH'ER-Y, 71, The fishing for herrings. 

HERRN-HUT'ER, n. [from the German huth des herm, the 
assumed name of the habitation of the original Herrnhut- 
ers.] One of a sect, established by Nicholas Lewis, count 
of Zinzendorf, called also Moravians. 

HERS, (hurz) pron. fern, possessive ; as, this house is hers, 
that is, this is the house of her. 

HER'SCHEL, (her'shel) n. A planet discovered by Dr. Her- 
schel, in 1781. 

HERSE, (hers) n. [Fr. herse.] 1. In /c7-t7^caeio??,, a lattice 
or portcullis, in the form of a harrow, set with iron spikes. 
2. A carriage for bearing corpses to the grave. 3. A tem- 
porary monument set over a grave. 4. A funeral euiogv ; 
[not used.] 

HERSE, (hers) v. t. 1. To put on or in a herse. Shak. 2. 
To carry to the grave. 

HER-SELF', pron. [her and self.] 1. This denotes a fe- 
male, the subject of discourse before mentioned, and is 
either in the nominative or objective case. 2. Having 
the command of herself ; mistress of her rational powers, 
judgmenj; or temper. 3. In her true character. 

HERSE'LiKE, (hers'Iike) a. Funereal; suitable to funerals. 
Bacon. 

HERS'IL-LON, n. In the military art, a plank or beam. 

HERST, or HEURST. The same with hyrst. 

tHER'Y, V. t. [Sax. herian.] To regard as holy. 

HES'I-TAN-CY, n. A doubting ; a pausing to consider , 
dubiousness ; suspense. 

HES'I-TANT, a. Hesitating; pausing; wanting volubility 
of speech. 

HES'I-TATE, V. i. [L. hcBsito.] 1. To stop or pause 



!icc Synop is. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLl . ONITE— € as K ; G as .7 ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



HEX 



410 



HIE 



respecting decision or action ; to be doubtful as fo fact, prin- 
ciple or (ieterminalion ; to be in suspense. 2. To stam- 
mer ; to stop in speaking. 

HES'I-TA-TING, ppr. Doubting : pausing : stammering. 

HES'I-TA-TING-LY, adv. With hesitation or doubt. 

HES-I-Ta'TION, n. 1. A pausing or delay in forming an 
opinion or commencing action ; doubt. 2. A stopping in 
speech ; intermission between words j stammering. 

f HESTj 71. [Sax. Affise.] Command ; precept ; injunction ; 
order_^ 

HES-Pe'RI-AN, a. [L. kesperivs.] Western ; situated at 
the w^st. 

HES-Pe'RI-AN, n. An inhabitant of a western country. 

HES'TERN. See Yestern. 

HET'E-RAR-€HY, n. [Gr. hepos and apx^-] The govern- 
ment of an alien. Bp. Hall. 

*HET'E-RO-€LlTE,?».. [Gr. irepo/cXtrov 1 1. Tn grammar, 
a word which is irregular or anonaalous. 2. Any thing 
or person deviating from common forms. 

KET'E-RO-€LITE, ) a. Irregular ; anomalous ; devi- 

HET-E-RO-€LIT'I€, [ ating from ordinary forms or 

HET-E-RO-€LIT'I-€AL, ) rules. 

t HET-E-RO€'LI-TOUS, a. Heteroclitic. 

HET'E-RO-DOX, a. [Gr. irspps and So^a.] 1. In theology, 
heretical ; contrary to the faith and doctrines of the true 
church. 2. Repugnant to the doctrines or tenets of any 
established church. 3. Holding opinions repugnant to 
the doctrines of the Scriptures, or contrary to those of an 
established church. 

t HET'E-RO-DOX, n. An opinion peculiar. 

HET'E-RO-DOX-Y, n. Heresy; an opinion or doctrine 
contrary to the doctrines of the Scriptures, or contrary to 
those of an established church. 

f HET'E-RO-GEI\E, a. See the next word. 

* HET-E-R0-6e'NE-AL, or * HET-E-R0-6e'NE-0US, a. 
[Gr. irepog and yevos.] Of a different kind or nature ; un- 
like or dissimilar^in kind. 

HET-E-RO-GE-Ne'T-TY, n. 1, Opposition of nature; con- 
trariety or dissimilitude of qualities ; [ill farmed.'] 2. 
Dissimilar part ; something of a different kind. 

*HET-E-RO-0e'NE-OUS-NESS, n. Difference of nature 
and quality ; dissimilitude or contrariety in kind. 

HET-E-ROPH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. hepos and <pv\\ov.] 
Producing a diversity of leaves. 

HET-E-R0P'TI€S, n. False optics. Spectator. 

HET-E-ROS'CIAN, -n. [Gr. tTEpog and uKia.'] Those inhab- 
itants of the earth are called Heteroscians, whose shadows 
fall one way only. Such are those who live between the 
tropics and the polar circles. 

HET-E-R,0S'CIAN, a. Having the shadow fall one v/ay 
only. Gregory. 

HST'TER, a. Eager ; earnest ; keen. Grose. 

HEu'LAN-DITE,«. a mineral: 

HEW, V. t.; pret. heiued ; pp. hewed, ox hewn. [Sax. heawian.'] 
1. I'o cut with an axe, or other like instrument, for the 
purpose of making an even surface or side. 2. To chop ; 
to cut ; to hack. 3. To cut with a chisel ; to make smooth. 

4. To form or shape with an edged instrument ; with out. 

5. To form laboriously. 

HEW, n. ]. Destruction by cutting down. Spenser. 2. 
Color. See Hue. 

HEWED, pp. Cut and made smooth or even ; chopped ; 
hacked ; shaped by cutting, or by a chisel. 

HEWER, n. One who hews wood or stone. 

HEWING, jjpr. Cutting and making smooth or even ; chop- 
ping ; hacking ; forming by the chisel. 

HEWN, pp. The same as hewed. 

HEX'A-CHORD, n. [Gr. i| and %op5)7.] In ancient music, 
an imperfect chord called a sixth; also, an instrument of 
six chords. 

HEX-A-DAC'TY-LOUS, a. [Gr. £| and ^a/cruXoj.] Having 
six fingers or toes. 

HEX A1>E, v. [Gr. i|-^ A series of six numbers. 

HEX'A-GONj ji [Gr. f| and ywvia.] In geometry, a figure 
of six sides an; six angles. 

HEX-AG'O-NAL, a. Having six sides and six angles. 

HEX AG'O-NY, for hexagon, is not used. 

HEX- A-GYN, n. [Gr. f| and yvvr].'] In botany, a plant that 
lias six pistils. 

HEX-A-6YN'I-AN, a. Having six pistils. 

HEX-A-He'DRAL, a. Of the figure of a hexahedron ; hav- 
ing six equal sides. 

HEX-A-HiL'DRON, n. [Gr. f| and t^pa.] A regular solid 
body of six sides ; a cube. 

HEX-A-HEM'E-RON, n. [Gr. f| and /y/zEpa.] The term of 
six days. Good. 

HEX-AM'E-TER, m. [Gr. f | and /^erpoi/.] In ancient poetry , 
a verse of six feet. 

flEX-AM'E-TER, a. Having six metrical feet. 

HEX-A-MET'Rie, ) a. Consisting of six metrical feet. 

HEX-A-MET'RI-€AL, WaHon. 



HEX-AN'DER, n. [Gr. i| and avr)p.\ In lotany, a plant 
having six stamens. 

HEX-AN'DRI-AN, a. Having six stamens. 

HEX-AN'GU-LAR, a. [Gr. if, and angular.] Having six 
angles or corners. 

HEX'A-PED, a. [Gr. i^ and ttous,] Having six feet. 

HEX'A-PED, n. 1. An animal having six feet. [Johnson 
writes this hexapod.] 2. A fathom ; [obs.] 

HEX-A-PET'A-LOUS, a. [Gr. i^ and TreraXov.] Having 
six petals or flower-leaves. 

HEX-APH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. i| and ^uXXov.] Having six 
leaves. 

HEX'A-PLAR, a. [Gr. f| and aTrXow.] Sextuple ; contain- 
ing six columns. 

HEX'A-STICH, n. [Gr. i^ and on^os.] A poem consisting 
of six verses. 

HEX'A-STyLE, n. [Gr. i| and otuXoj. j A building with 
six columns in front. Encye. 

HEY. An exclamation of joy or mutual exhortation. 

HEY'DaY, exclam. An expression of frolick and exulta- 
tion, and sometimes of wonder. Shak. 

HEY'DaY, n.A frolick ; wildness. Shak. 

t HEY-DE GUY', n. [perhaps from /leyda?/ and ^wise.] A 
kind of dance ; a country dance or round. Spenser. 



t HI-a[^TION, m. [L. hio.] The act of gaping." 
[L.] 1. An 
a chasm. 2. The opening of the mouth in readin"g'of 



HI-A'TUS, n. 



opening; an aperture ; a gap ; 



speaking. 3. A defect ; a chasm in a manuscript, where 

some part is lost or effaced. 
Hl'BER-NA-€LE, n. [L. hibernacula.'j 1. In botany, the 

winter-quarters of a pliant. 2. The wmter-lodge of a wild 

anhnal. 
HI-BERN'ALj a. [L. hibemus.] Belonging to winter. 
Hi'BER-NATE, v. i. [L. hiberno.] To winter ; to pass 

the season of winter in close quarters or in seclusion. 

Darwin. 
HI-BER-Na'TION, n. The passing of winter in a close 

lodge, as beasts and fowls. Darwin. 
HI-BER'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Hibernia, now Ireland. 
HI-BER'NI-AN, 71. A native of Ireland. 
HI-BERN'I-CISM, n. An idiom or mode of speech peculiar 

to the Irish. 
HI-BER'NO-CEL'TI€, n. The native language of the 

Irish ; the Gaelic. 
HIC'CIUS DOC'CIUS. [qu. hie est docius.] A cant word 

for a juggler. Hudibras. 

* HICCOUGH, or HICK'UP, n. [Dan. hik, or hikken.] A 
spasmodic affection of the stomach, esophagus, and mus- 
cles subservient to deglutition. 

HICCOUGH, or HICK'UP, v. i. To have a spasmodic af- 
fection of the stomach from repletion or other cause. 

HICK'0-RY, 71. A tree, a species of jif^Zans or walnut. 

HICK'WALL, ) n. [qu. hitchwalL] A small species of 

HICK'WAY, \ woodpecker. 

HID, or HID'DEN, pjj. of /tide. 1. Concealed; placed in se- 
crecy. 2. a. Secret ; unseen. 3. Mysterious. 

HiD'AGE, 71. An extraordinary tax formerly paid to the 
kings of England for every hide of land. 

HI-DAL'GO, 71. In Spain, a man of noble birth. 

HID'DEN-LY, adv. In a hidden or secret fanner. 

Hide, v. t.; pret. hid; pp. hid, hidden. [Sax. hydan.] 1. To 
conceal ; to withhold or withdraw from sight. 2. To 
conceal from knowledge ; to keep secret. — 3. In Scrip- 
ture, not to confess or disclose ; or to excuse and extenu- 
ate. 4. To protect ; to keep in safety. 

Hide, v.i. To lie concealed; to keep one's self out of 
view ; to be withdrawn from sight.— Bide and seek, a play 
of boys, in which some hide themselves and another seeks 
them. 

Hide, n. In the ancient laws of England, a certain por 
tion of land. 

Hide, 7(. [&aK. hyd, hyde.] I. The skin of an animal. 2. 
The human skin, in contempt. 

HiDE'BOUND, a. 1. A horse is hidebound, when his skin 
sticks closely to his ribs and back. 2. Harsh ; untracta- 
ble ; [not used.] 3. Niggardly ; penurious ; [obs.] 

* IIID'E-OUS, a. [Fr. hideux.] 1 Frightful to the sight ; 
dreadful ; sliocknig to the eye. 2. Shocking to the ear • 
exciting terror. 3. Detestable. 

* HID'E-OUS-LY, adv. In a manner to frighten ; dreadfullj- , 

shockingly. 

* HID'E-OUS-NESS, n. Frightfulness to the eye ; dreadful- 
ness ; horribleness. 

HiD'ER, 71. One who hides or conceals. 

HTD'ING, ppr. Concealing ; covering or withdrawing from 
view ; keeping close or secret. 

HiD'ING, 71. 1. Concealmen-t, 2. Withdrawment ; a with- 
holding. Milner. 

HiD'ING-PLACE, n. A place of concealment. 

HiE, V. i. [Sax. higan, higian.] 1, To hasten ; to move of 
run with haste ; to go In haste. 2. With the reciprocal 
pronoun. 



See Syn ^psis. A, E, T, O, O, It, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ,— f Obsolete. 



HIG 



411 



HIG 



f HIE, 71. Haste; diligence. Chaucer. 

Hl'E-RAR€H, n. [Gr. kpo? and ap;^of.] The chief of a sa- 
cred order; particularhj, the chief of an order uf angels. 

HI-E-RAE,€H'AL, a. Belonging to a hierarch. Milton. 

HI-E-RAR€H'I-€AL, a. Belonging to a sacred order, or to 
ecaesiastica! government. 

Hl'E-RAR-€HY, n. 1. An order or rank of angels or ce- 
lestial beings ; or a subordination of hdy beings. 2. 
Constitution and government of the Christian church, or 
ecclesiastical polity, comprehending different orders of 
clergy. 

Hi'E-RO-GLYPH, J w. [Gr. kpoff and yXu^w.] 1 Inaw- 

HI-E-RO-GLYPH'I€, \ tiqidty, a sacred character ; a mys- 
tical character or symbol, used in writings and inscrip- 
tions, particularly "by the Egyptians, as signs of sacred, 
divine or supernatural things. 2. Pictures intended to 
express historical facts. 3. The art of writing in pictui-e. 

HI-E-RO-GLYPH'ie, ) a. Emblematic ; expressive of 

I1I-E-R0-GLYPH'I-€AL, ) some meaning by characters, 
pictures or figures. 

HI-E-RO-GLYPH'I-CAL-LY, adv. Emblematically. 

Hi'E-RO-GRAM, n. [Gr. hpos and ypaiina.] A species of 
sacred writing. 

HI-E-RO-GRAM-MAT'I€, a. [Gr. Upos and ypamia.] De- 
notuig a kind of writing in sacred or sacerdotal charac- 
ters. 

HI-E-RO-GRAM'MA-TIST, n. A writer of hieroglyphics. 

HI-E-RO-GRAPH'I€, ) a. Pertaining to sacred writ- 

HI-E-RO-GRAPH'I-CAL, \ ing. 

IIT-E-ROG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. hpos and ypacpta.] Sacred 
writing. [Little used.] 

HI-E-R0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. lepos and 'Xoyog.] A discourse on 
sacred things. 

HT'E-RO-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. lepos and jxavTeta.] Divination 
by observing the various things offered in sacrifice. 

III-E-ROM'NE-MON, n. [Gr. lepos and iivrjixutv.] In ancient 
Greece, a magistrate who presided over the sacred rites 
and solemnities, &c. Mitford. 

*Hl'E-RO-PHANT, or HI-ER'0-PHANT, n. [Gr. iepo(pav- 
rrjs.] A priest ; one who teaches the mysteries and duties 
of religion. 

HIG'GLE, V. i. 1. To carry provisions about and offer them 
for sale. 2. To chaffer ; to be difficult in making a bar- 
gain. 

IIIG'GLE-DY-PIG'GLE-DY, adv. In confusion ; a low 
word. 

HIG'GLER, n. 1. One who carries about provisions for 
sale. 2. One who chaffers in bargaining. 

High, (hi) a. [Sax. heah, hig, heh, or hih.] 1. Extending 
a great distance above the surface of the earth ; elevated ; 
lofty ; of great altitude. 2. Rising, or having risen, or 
being far above the earth ; elevated ; lofty. 3. Elevat- 
ed above the horizon. 4. Raised above any object. 5. 
Exalted in nature or dignity. 6. Elevated in rank, condi- 
tion or oftice. 7. Possessing or governed by honorable 
pride ; noble ; exalted ; magnanimous ; dignified. 8. Ex- 
alted in excellence or extent. 9. Difficult ; abstruse. 10. 
Boastful; ostentatious. 11. Arrogant; proud; lofty; 
loud. 12. Loud ; boisterous ; threatening or angry. 13. 
Violent ; severe ; oppressive. 14. Public ; powerful ; tri- 
umphant ; glorious. 15. Noble ; illustrious ; honorable. 
16. Expressive of pride and haughtiness. 17. Powerful; 
mighty. 18. Possessed of supreme power, dominion or 
excellence. 19. Great; important ; solemn ; held in ven- 
eration. 20. Violent ; rushing %vith velocity ; tempestu- 
ous. 21. Tumultuous ; turbulent ; inflamed ; violent. 
22. Full ; complete. 23. Raised ; accompanied by, or 
proceeding from, great excitement of the feelings. 24. 
Pvich ; luxurious ; well seasoned. 25. Strong ; vivid ; 
deep. 26. Dear ; of a great price. 27. Remote from the 
equator north or south. 28. Remote in past time ; early 
informer time. 29. Extreme; intense. 30. Loud. — 31. 
In music, acute; sharp. 32. Much raised. 33. Far ad- 
vanced in art or science. 34. Great ; capital ; committed 
against the king, sovereign or state. 35. Great; exalt- 
ed. — High day high noon, the time when the sun is in the 
meridian 

High, adv. 1. Aloft ; to a great altitude. 2. Eminently ; 
greatly. 3. With deep thought ; profoundly. 4. Power- 
fully. 

HIGH, 71. 1. An elevated place ; superior region.— On /ao-A, 
aloud; [obs.] 2. Aloft. 

HiGI-I, V. i. To hasten. See Hie. 

HiGH'-aIMED, a. Having grand or lofty designs. 

HiGH'-ARCHED, a. Having elevated arches. May. 

HiGH'-AS-PiR'ING, a. Having elevated views; aiming 
at elevated objects. Bp. Hall. 

HTGH'-BLEST, a. Supremely happy. Milton. 

HTGH'-BLdWN, a. Swelled much with wind ; inflated. 

HTGH'-BORN, a. Being of noble birth or extraction. 

HIGH'-BUiLT, a. 1. Of lofty structure. Milton. 2. Cov- 
ered with lofty buildings. Creech. 



HIGH'-€LIMB-ING, a. 1. Climbing to a great height. 2 
Difficult to be ascended. Milton. 

HlGH'-C6L-ORED, a. 1. Having a strong, deep or glar- 
ing color. 2. Vivid ; strong or forcible in representa- 
tion. 

H-lGH'-DAY,_a. Fine; befitting a holyday. Shak. 

HiGH'-DE-SlGN'ING, a. Formuig great schemes. 

HiGH'-EM-BOWED, a. Having lofty arches. Milton. 

HiGH'-EN-GEN'DERED, a. Engendered aloft, or in the 
air. Shak. 

High '-FED, a. Pampered ; fed luxuriously. Milton. 

HiGH'-FLa-MING, a. Throwing flame to a great height. 

HiGH'-FLl-ER, n. One tliat carries his opinions to extrav- 
agance. Swift. 

HTGH'-FLoWN, a. 1. Elevated ; swelled ; proud. 2. 
Turgid; swelled; extravagant. L'Estrange. 

HiGH'-FLUSHED, a. Much elated. Young. 

HlGH'-FLY-ING, a. Extravagant in claims or opinions. 

HiGH'-Ga-ZING, a. Looking upwards. More. 

HiGH'-Go-ING, a. Moving rapidly. Massenger. 

HiGH'-GRoWN, a. Having the crop considerably grown. 

HiGH'-HeAPED, a. 1. Covered with high piles. Pope. 2 
Raised in high piles. Pope. 

HtGH'-HE ART-ED, a. Full of courage. Beaumont. 

HiGH'-HEELED, a. Having high heels. Swift. 

HIGH'-HUNG, a. Hung aloft ; elevated. Dryden. 

HiGH'-LlVED, a. Pertaining to high life. Goldsmith. 

HiGH'-MET-TLED, a. Having high spirit ; ardent. 

HiGH'-BIlND-ED, a. 1. Proud ; arrogant. 2. Having hon 
orable pride ; magnanimous ; opposed to mean. 

HiGH'-OP-ER-a'TION, n. In surgery, a method of extract- 
ing the stone from the human bladder, by cutting the up- 
per part of it. 

HlGH'-PLACE, n. In Scripture, an eminence or mound on 
which sacrifices were offered. 

HiGH'-PLaCED, a. Elevated in situation or rank. 

High '-PRIEST, 71. A chief priest. Scripture. 

HiGH'-PRIN-CI-PLED, a. Extravagant in notions of poli- 
tics. Swift. 

HIGH'-RaISED, a. I. Elevated ; raised aloft. 2. Raised 
with great expectations or conceptions. Milton. 

HiGH'-ReACH-ING, a. 1. Reaching to a great height. 2. 
Reaching upwards. 3. Ambitious ; aspiring. 

HiGH'-ReARED, a. Raised high; of lofty structure. 

HiGH'-RED, a. Plaving a strong red color ; deeply red 

HiGH'-RE-PENT'ED, a. Deeply repented. Shak. 

HiGH'-B G-SOLVED, a. Very resolute. Tit. Andron. 

HiGH'-ROOFED, a. Having a lofty or sharp roof. 

HiGH'-SeA-SONED, a. Enriched with spices or other sea- 
soning. _ 

HIGH'-SeAT-ED, a. Fixed on high ; seated in an elevated 
place. Milton. 

HiGH'-SlGHT-ED, a. Always looking upward. 

HiGH'-SOUND-ING, a. Pompous ; noisy ; ostentatious. 

HiGH'-SPIR-IT-ED, a. 1. Full of spirit or natural fire , 
easily irritated ; irascible. 2. Full of spirit ; bold ; dar- 
ing. 

HiGH'-SToM-ACHED, a. Having a lofty spirit; proud; 
obstinate. Shak. 

HiGH'-SWELL-ING, a. Swelling greatly ; inflated ; boast- 
ful. 

HiGH'-SWoLN, a. Greatly swelled. Shak. 

HiGH'-Ta-PER, 71. A plant of the genus verbascum. 

HiGH'-TaST-ED, a. Having a strong relish ; piquant. 

HiGH'-TOWERED, a. Having lofty towers. Milto7i. 

HiGH'-VlCED, a. Enormously wicked. Shak. 

HIGH'- WROUGHT, a. 1. Wrought with exquisite art or 
skill ; accurately finished. Pope. 2. Inflamed to a high 



HiGH'LAND, n. Elevated land ; a mountainous region. 

HiGH'LAND-ER, n. An inhabitant of the mountains. 

HiGH'LAND-ISH, a. Denoting high or mountainous land. 

HiGH'LY, (hi'ly) adv. 1. With elevation in place. 2. In a 
great degree. 3. Proudly ; arrogantly ; arabifiously. 4. 
With elevation of mind or opinion ; with great estmja- 
tinn. 

t HiGH'MoST, a Highest. Shak. 

HiGH'NESS, (hi'nes) n. 1. Elevation above the surface ; 
loftiness ; altitude ; height. 2. Dignity ; elevation in 
•rank, character or power. 3. Excellence ; value. Howell. 
4. Violence. 5. Great amount. 6. Acutenass. 7. In 
tenseness, as of heat. 8. A title of honor given to princes 
or other men of rank. 

HiGHTH, ; n. [See Height.] Elevation; altitude; lofti- 

HlGHT, \ ness. 

fHlGHT, to call, to promise, to command, &c., is a false 
orthography from Saxon hatan. Chaucer. 

High WA-TER, n. The utmost flow or greatest elevation 
of the tide ; also, the time of such elevation. 

HiGH'WA-TER-MARK, n. The line made on the shore by 
the tide at its utmost height. 

HiGH-WaY', n. 1. A public road ; a way open to all pas- 
sengers. 2. Course; road; train of action. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



HIN 



412 



HIS 



HTGH-WAY'MAN, n. One who robs on the public road, or 
huKs in toe highway for the purpose of robbing. 

HIG LA-PER, n. An herb. Ainsworth. 

f HiL'A-RATE. See Exhilarate. 

HI-LAR'I-TY, n. [L. Mfflriias.] Mirth 5 merriment ; gaye- 
ty. — Hilarity diners from joy ,• the latter, excited by good 
news or prosperity, is an affection of the mind ; the form- 
er, by social pleasure, drinking, &c., which rouse the an- 
imal spirits. 

HIL'A-RY-TERM, n. The teim of courts, &c. which be- 
gins January 23. England. 

HILD I G and D. held, Dan. heldt^ a hero] is retained in 
names ; as IFildeheH, a bright hero. 

, HILD'ING, n. [qu. Sax. hyldan.] A mean, sorry, paltry 
man or woman. Shak. 

HILL, n. [Sax. hill, or hyl.] 1. A natural elevation of land, 
or a mass of earth rising above the common level of the 
surrounding land ^ an eminence. 3. A cluster of plants, 
and the earth raised about them as, a hill of maize. 
U. States. 

HILL, V. t. 1. To raise earth abou, plants ; to raise a little 
mass of earth. Farmers in JVew England hill their maize 
in July. 2. [Sax. Jielan.l To cover ; [obs.] 

HILLED, pp. or a. Having hUIs. 

HLLL'ING, 71. 1. A covering; [obs.] 2. The act of raising 
the earth around plants. 

HILL'Oe, n. A small hill. Milton. 

HILL'SlDE, n. The side or declivity of a hill. 

HILL'Y, a. Abounding with hills ; as, a hilly country. 

HILT, n. [Sax. hilt.] The handle of any thing. 

HILT'ED, a. Having a hilt. 

Hi'LUM, 71. [L. ; W, hil.] The eye of a bean or other 
seed. 

HIM, pron. The objective case of Ae. [L. cum.] 

HIM-SELF', pron. In the nominative or objective case. 1. 
He ; but himself is more emphatical, or more expressive 
of distinct personality, than he. 2. V/hen himself is add- 
ed to he, or to a noun, it expresses discrimination of per- 
son with particular emphasis. 3. When used as the re- 
ciprocal pronoun, it is not usually emphatical. 4. It was 
formerly used as a substitute for neuter nouns. 5. Him- 
self is used to express the proper character, or natural 
temper and disposition of a person ; as, let him act him- 
self. — By himself , alone 3 unaccompanied; sequestered 

HIN, n. [Heb. p.] A Hebrew measure of capacity contain- 
ing the sixth part of an ephah, or about five quarts, English 
measure. 

HiND, n. [Sax., G., D. hinde.] The female of the red deer 
or stag. 

HiND, n. [Sax. hine.] 1. A domestic ; a servant ; [obs.] 
S'lak. 2. A peasant ; a rustic ; or a husbandman's sei-vant. 
English. 

HlNfi, a. [Sax. hyndan.] Backward ; pertaining to the part 
which follows ; in opposition to the fore part : as, the hind 
legs of a quadruped. 

HiND'BER-RY, n. A species of rubus. 

HiND'ER, a. ; comp. of hind. That is in a position contra- 
ry to that of the head or fore part. 

HIN'DER, 2). t. [Sax. henan, hynan, hindrian.] 1. To stop; 
to interrupt ; to obstruct ; to impede or prevent from mov- 
ing forward by any means. 2. To retard ; to check in 
progression or motion ; to obstruct for a time, or to render 
slow in motion. 3. To prevent. 

HIN'DER, V. i. To interpose obstacles or impediments, 

HIN'DER-AJVCE, n. 1. The act of impeding or restraining 
motion. 2. Impediment ; that which stops progression or 
advance ; obstruction. 

HIAT'DERED, pp. Stopped ; impeded ; obstructed ; retarded. 

HIND'ER-ENDS, n. Refuse of corn, such as remains after 
it is winnowed. JSTorth of England. 

HIN'DER-ER, n. One who stops or retards ; that which 
hinders. 

HIN'DER-ING, ppr. Stopping ; impeding ; retarding. 

HiND'ER-LING, n. A paltry, worthless, degenerate ani- 
mal. 

HIND'ER-MoST, a. That which is behind all others ; the 
last. [But we now use hindmost.] 

HiND'MoST, a. The last ; that is in the rear of all others. 

HTN'DOO, n. An aboriginal of Hindostan. 

HINGE, (hiuj') n. 1. The hook or joint on which a door or 
gate turns. 2. That on which any thing depends or turns. 
3. A cardinal point, as east, west, north or south ; [little 
used.] — To be off the hinges, is to be in a state of disorder 
or irregularitv. Tillotson. 

HINGE, V. t. 1. To furnish with hinges. 2. To bend ; [l.u.] 

HINGE, V. i. To stand, depend or turn, as on a hinge. 

HINGE, a. Active ; supple ; pliant. Cheshire Gloss. 

HING ING, ppr. Depending ; turning. 

t HIN'Ny'^''' ^' \ ^" *'• 1^^* ^^'*™''-] ^^ "^'S^^- ^' Jo^^on. 
HINT, V. t. [It oenno.] To bring to mind by a slight men- 
tion or remote allusion ; to allude to ; to suggest. 
HINT, 3 i To hint at, is to allude to ; to mention slightly. 



HINT, n. 1. A distant allusion ; slight mention ; intlma 
tion ; insinuation. 2. Suggestion. 

HIP, n. [Sax. hipe, hype, hypp.] The projecting part of an 
animal, formed by the os ilium, or haunch bone ; the 
haunch ; the joint of the thigh. — To have on the hip, to 
have the advantage over one.— Hip and thigh, complete 
overthrow or defeat. Judges, xv. 

HIP, V. t. To sprain or dislocate the hip. 

HIP, or HOP, n. The fruit of the dog-rose, or wild brier. 

HIP, HIPPED, HIP'PISH. See Hyp. 

HIPE, V. i. To push with the head. Grose. 

fHIP'HALT, a. [hip and halt.] Lame; limping. Gower 

HIP'PE-LAPH, n. An annual of the deer kind. 

HIP'PINS, n. plu. Stepping stones over a brook , children's 
clothes ; a kind of towel ; a clout. Craven dialect. 

HIP'PO-€AMP, n. [Gr. l-ir-oKaixTTos.] A name given to the 
sea-horse. Browne. 

HIP-PO-CEN'TAUR, 71. [Gr. linTOKEVTavpos.] In ancient fa- 
ble, a suoposed monster, half man and half horse. 

HIPTO-€RAS, n. [Fr.] A medicinal drink, composed of 
wine with an infusion of spices and other ingredients 

HIP-P0€'RA-TeS' SLEEVE. A kind of bag, made by 
uniting the opposite angles of a square piece of flannel 
used for straining sirups and decoctions. 

HIP-P0-€RAT'I€ FACE. [1,. fades hippocratica.] Pale, 
sunken, and contracted features, considered as a fatal 
sj'mptom in diseases. Parr. 

HIP-PO€'RA-TISM, n. The philosophy of Hippocrates, as 
it regards medicine. Chambers. 

HIP PO-DAME, 71. A sea horse. Spenser. 

HIP'PO-DROME, n. [Gr. ?7r7ro^po/;of .] .Anciently, a circus, 

HIFPO-GRIFF, n. [Fr. hippogriffe.] A fabulous anunal, 
half horse and half griffon ; a winged norse. 

HIP'PO-LITH, n. [Gr. 'nrnog, a horse, and )<idog, a stone.] 
A stone found in the stomach or intestines of a horse. 
Qidncy. 

HIP'PO-MANE, 71. [Gr. iTT-nrog and fiavia.] 1. A sort of 
poisonous substance, used, anciently, as a philter or love- 
charm. — 2. In botany, the manchineel-tree. 

HIP-POPH'A-GOUS, a. Feeding on horses, as the Tartars 

HIP-POPH'A-GY, 71. [Gr. ittttoj and (payu).] The act 01 
practice of feeding on horses. Q,uart. Rev. 

HIP-PO-POT'A-MUS, ) n. [Gr. Ittttos and iroraixos.] Thc- 

HIP-PO-POT'A-MY, \ river-horse, an animal that inhab- 
its the Nile and other rivers in Africa. 

HIP'ROOF, n. A roof that has an angle. 

HIPfSHOT, a. Having the hip dislocated. 

HIP'WoRT, 71. A plant. 

tHIR, [Sax. hyra,] in our old language, is their. 

HIRE, V. t. [Sax. hyran.] 1. To procure from another per- 
son and for temporary use, at a certain price. 2. To en- 
gage in service for a stipulated reward ; to contract with 
for a compensation. 3. To bribe ; to engage in immoral 
or illegal service for a reward. — To hire out one^s self, to 
let ; to engage one's service to another for a reward. — To 
hire, or to hire out, to let ; to lease. 

HIRE, n. [Sax. hyre.] 1. The price, reward or compensa- 
tion paid or contracted to be given for the temporary use 
of any thing. 2. Wages ; the reward or recompense paid 
for personal service. 

HiRED, pp. 1. Procured or taken for use, at a stipulated or 
reasonable price ; as, a hired farm. 2. Employed in ser- 
vice for a compensation. 

HlREfLESS, a. Without hire ; not rewarded. Davenant. 

HiRE'LING, n. 1. One who is hired, or who serves for 
wages. 2. A mercenary ; a prostitute. Pope. 

HiRE'LING, a. Serving for wages ; venal ; mercenary ; 
employed for money or other compensation. 

HiR'ER, 71. One that hires ; one that procures the use of 
any thing for a compensation ; one who employs persons 
for Avages, or contracts with persons for service. 

HiR'ING, ppr. Procuring the use of for a compensation. 

HiR'SLE, V. i. To move about. Craven dialect. 

HIR-StJTEf, a. [L. hirsutus.] 1, Hairy ; rough with hair; 
shaggy ; set with bristles. — 2. In botany, it is nearly s)'- 
nonymous with hispid, but it denotes having more hairs 
or bristles, and less stiff, 

PITR-SuTE'NESS, n. Hairiness. Burton. 

HIS, (hiz) prov. possessive of he. [Sax. gen. hys, and hyse, 
male,] 1. Of him. 2. The present use of his is as a pro 
nominal adjective, in any case indifferently, coiTespond- 
ing to the L, suus ; as, tell John his papers are ready. 
3. His was formerly used for its, but improperly. 4. It 
was formerly used as the sign of the possessive ; as, the 
man his ground, for the man's ground. 5. His is still 
used as a substitute for a noun, preceded by of. — Hisself 
is no longer used. 

HIS'IN-GE-RITE, n. A mineral. 

HISK, v.i. To breathe short through cold or pain ; to draw 
the breath with difficulty. JsTorth of England. 

HIS'PID, a. [L. hispidus.] 1. Rough.— 2. In botany, hav- 
ing strong hairs or bristles. 

HISS, V. i. [Sax. hysian.] 1. To make a sound by driving 



* See synopsis A, fi, I, O, V, Y, long.— FA.R, FALL, WHAT •,— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



HIT 



413 



HOB 



une breath between the tongue and the upper teeth ; to 
give a strong aspiration resembling the noise made by a 
serpent. 2. To express contempt or disapprobation by 
hissing. 3. To whiz, as an arrow or otiier thing in rapid 
flight. 

HISS, V. t. 1. To condemn by hissing ; to explode. 2. To 
procme hisses or disgrace. 

HISS, 71. 1. The sound made by propelling the breath be- 
tween the tongue and upper teeth ; the noise of a ser- 
pent, a goose, <£c. 2. An expression of contempt or dis- 
approbation, used in places of public exhibition. 

IIISS'ING, p;jr. Making the noise of serpents. 

lirSS'ING, 71. 1. A hissing sound ; an expression of scorn or 
contempt. 2. The occasion of contempt ; the object of 
scorn and derision. 

H [SS'ING-LY, a<Zij. With a whistling sound. Sherwood. 

H [ST, ezclam. [Dan. hyst.'] A word commanding silence j 
equivajent to hush, be silent. 

t HIS-To'RI-AL, a. Historical. Chaucer. 

HIS-To'RI-AN, 71. [Fr. Mstorien.] A writer or compiler of 
history. 

HIS-TOR'I€, ) a. [L. historicus.] 1. Containing history, 

HlS-TOR'I-€AL, \ or the relation of facts. 2. Pertaining 
to history. 3. Contained in history ; deduced from histo- 
ry. 4. Representing history. 

HIS-T0R'I-€A1,-LY, adv. In the manner of history ; by 
way of narration. 

HIS'TO-RIED, a. Recorded in history. [JSTot much in ztse.] 

tHIS-To'RI-ER, 71. A historian. 

* t HIS'TO-RI-F1?, or HIS-ToR'I-FY, v. t. To relate ; to 
record in history. Sidncij. 

HIS-TO-RI-OG'RA-PHER, 7i. [Gr. laTopia and ypacpw.] A 
historian ; a writer of history •, particularly, a professed 
historian ; an officer employed to write the history of a 
prince or state. 

HIS-TO-RI-OG'RA-PHY, ti. The art or employment of a 
historian. 

t HIS-TO-RI-OL'0-GY, 71. A discourse on history, or the 
knowledge of history. 

HIS'TO-RY,72. [Gr. laropia ; L., Sp., Port, historia.] 1. An 
account of facts, particularly of facts respecting nations or 
states ; a narration of events in the order in which they 
happened, with their causes and effects. History differs 
from annals. Annals relate simply the facts and events 
of each year, in strict chronological order, without any 
observations of the annalist. History regards less strictly 
the arrangement of events under each year, and admits 
the observations of the writer. 2. Narration ; verbal 
relation of facts or events ; story. 3. Knowledge of facts 
and events. 4. Description ; an account of things that 
exist. 5. An account of the origin, life and actions of an 
individual person. 

HIS'T0-RY-PIeCE,7i. a representation of any remarkable 
event in painting. 

t HIS'TRI-ON, 71. A player. Pope. 

HIS-TRI-ON'I€, ) a. [L. histrionicus .] Pertaining to a 

HIS-TRI-0N'I-€AL, ] buffoon or comedian, or to a panto- 
mime ; belonging to stage-playing ; theatrical. 

HIS-TRI-ON'I-€AL-LY, adu. In the manner of a buffoon 
or pantomime ; theatrically. 

HIS'TRI-O-NISM, 71. The acts or practice of buffoons or 
pantomimes ; stage-playing. Southey. 

HIT, V. t. ,• pret. and pp. hit. [Sw. hitta.] 1. To strike or 
touch, either with or without force. 2. To strike or touch 
a mark with any thing directed to that object ; not to 
miss. 3. To reach ; to attain to. 4. To suit ; to be con- 
formable. 5. To strike 3 to touch properly ; to offer the 
right bait. — To hit off. 1. To strike out; to determine 
luckily. 2. To represent or describe exactly. — To hit out, 
to perform by good luck. Spenser. 

HIT, V. i. 1 To strike ; to meet. or come in contact; to 
clash. 2. To meet or fall on by good luck ; to succeed by 
accident ; not to miss. 3. To strike or reach the intend- 
ed point ; to succeed. — To hit on or upon, to light on ; to 
come to or fall on by chance ; to meet or find, as by acci- 
dent. 

HIT, 71. 1. A striking against; the collision of one body 
against another. 2. A chance ; a casual event. 3. A lucky 
chance ; a fortunate event. 4. A term in back-gammon. 

HITCH, ?;. i. [W. hecian.] 1. To move by jerks, or with 
stops. 2. To become entangled ; to be caught or hooked. 
3. To hit the legs together in going, as horses. 4. To 
hop ; to spring on one leg ; [local.] 5. To move or walk. 
Grrose. 

HITCH, V. t. 1. To hook ; to catch by a hook. 2. To fasten 
by hitching. JVew England. 

HITCH, 71. 1. A catch ; any thing that holds. 2. The act 
of catching, as on a hook, &c. — 3. In seamen''s languarre, 
a knot or noose in a rope for fastening it to a ring or other 
object. 4. A stop or sudden halt in walking or moving. 

HITCHED, pp. Caught ; hooked ; fastened. 

[ HITCH'EL, V. t. To hatchel. See Hatchel. 

HTTHE, 71. [Sax. hyth.] A port or small haven ; as in 
Queenhithe. {English.'] 



HITH'ER, adv. [Sax. hither, ox hider.] 1. To this place j 
used with verbs signifying motion. 2. Hither and thither, 
to this place and that. 3. To this pouit ; to this argument 
or topic ; to this end. 

HITH'ER, a. Nearest ; towards the person speaking. 

HITH'ER-MoST, a. Nearest on this side. Hale. 

HITH'ER-TO, adv. 1. To this time ; yet. 2. In any time, 
or every time till now ; in time preceding the present. 3. 
To this place ; to a prescribed limit. 

HITH'ER-WARD, ) adv. This way ; towards this place. 

HITH'ER-WARDS, \ Shak. 

HIVE, 71. [Sax. hyfe.] 1. A box, chest or kind of basket 
for the reception and habitation of a swarm of hcney-bees. 
2. A swarm of bees ; or the bees inhabiting a hive. 3. A 
company or society together, or closely connected. 

HIVE, V. t. 1. To collect into a hive ; to cause to enter a 
hive. Drydcn. 2. To contain ; to receive, as a habitation, 
or place of deposit. 

HIVE, V. i. To take shelter or lodgings together ; to reside 
m a collective body. Pcqie 

HiVED, pp. Lodged in a hive or shelter. 

HiV'ER, n. One that collects bees into a hive. 

HIVES, 71. plu. Eruptions in the skin. JSTorth of England. 

HIVES, 71. [Scot. qu. heave.] A disease, the croup, or 
cynanche trachealis ; rattles. 

fHIZZ, 7;. ?. To hiss. Shak. 

t HIZZ'ING', 71. A hissing or hiss. May. 

HO, ezclam. A word used by teamsters, to stop their teams 
It has been used as a noun, for stop, moderation, bounds 
This word is pronounced, also, icho, or /two. 

HO, n. Stop ; bonnd ; limit. Harvey. 

HO, } exclam. [L. eho.] A call to excite attention, or tr 

HOA, \ give notice of approach. 

HoAR, a. [Sax. har.] 1. White ; as hoar frost. 2. Gray ; 
white with a'^e ; hoary. 

HoAR, 71. Hoariness ; antiquity. Burke. 

HoAR, 7). i. To become moldy or musty. [Little used.^ 

HoAR'- FROST, 71. The white particles of ice formed by the 
congelation of dew or watery vapors. 

Hoard, 71. [SSx. hard.] A store, stock or large quantity of 
any thing accumulated or laid up ; a hidden stock 3 a 
treasure. 

Hoard, v. t. To collect and lay up a large quantity of any 
tiling ; to amass and deposit in secret ; to store secretly. 

Hoard, v. i. To collect and form a hoard 5 to lay up 
store. 

HoARD'ED, pp. Collected and laid up in store. 

HoARD'ER, u. One who lays up in store ; one who accu- 
mulates and keeps in secret. 

HoARD'ING, ppr. 1'. Laying up in store. 2. a. Instinctively 
collecting and laying up provisions for winter. 

t HoAR'ED, a. Moldy : mustv. 

HoAR'HOUND. See Horehound. 

HoAR'I-NESS, 71. The state of being white, whitish or 
gray. 

Hoarse, (hors) a. l. Having a harsh, rough, grating voice, 
as when affected with a cold. 2. Rough ; grating ; dis- 
cordant, as the voice, or as any sound. 

HoARSE'LY, adv. With a rough, harsh, grating voice or 
sound. Dry den. 

HoAESE'N^SS, 71. Harshness or roughness of voice or 
sound ; preternatural asperity of voice. 

HoAR'Y, n. 1. White or whitish. 2. White or gray with 
age. 3. Moldy; mossy, or covered with a white pubes- 
cence. 

HoAST, 71. A cough. See Haust. 

HoAX, 71. [Sax. Imcse, or h^lcx.] Something done for de- 
ception or mockery ; a trick played off in sport. 

HoAX, V. t. To deceive ; to play a trick upon for sport, or 
without malice. [A colloquial word.] 

HOB, ) 71. [Ban. hob.] The nave of a wheel ; a solid piece 

HUB, ] of timber in which the spokes are inserted. Wash- 
ington. 

HOB, 71. A clown ; a fairy. 

HOB OR NOB. See Hobnob. 

HOB'BISM, 71. The principles of the sceptical Thomas 
Hobbes. Skclton. 

HOB'BIST, 71. A follower of Hobbes. 

HOB'BLE, V. i. [W. hobelu.] 1. To walk lamely, bearing 
chiefly on one leg ; to limp ; to walk with a hitch or hop, 
or with crutches. 2. To walk awkwardly. 3. To move 
roughly or irregularly, as verse. 

t HOB'BLE, V. t. To perplex. 

HOB'BLE, 71. I. An unequal, halting gait ; an encumbered, 
awkward step. 2. Difliculty ; perplexity. 

HOB'BLE-DE-HOY, 71. A cant phrase for a boy at the age 
of puberty. Swift. 

HOB'BLER, 71. One that hobbles. 

HOB'BLER, 71. One who by his tenure was to maintain a 
hobby for military service ; or one who served as a soldier 
on a hobby with light armor. 

HOB'BLING, ppr. Walking with a halting or interrupted 
step. 

HOB'BLING-LY, adv. With a limping or interrupted step. 



See Synopsis, MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BTILL, UNITE.— € as K ; C as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tiiis. t Obsolete. 



HOG 



414 



HOL 



HOEfBy, n. [W. hohel.] A kind of hawk j a hawk of the 
lure. Encyc. 

HOB'BY, n. [No in., Fr. hobyn.'j 1. A strong active hoi-se, 
of a middle size ; a nag ; a pacing Iiorse ; a garran. 2. A 
©tick, or figure of a horse.^ on which boys ride. 3. Any 
favorite object ; that wliicli a person pursues with zeal or 
delight. 4. A stupid fellow. 

HOB'BY-HOKSE, n. [Tautological.] 1. A hobby; a wood- 
en horse on wliicli boys ride. 2. A character in the old 
May games. 3. A stupid or foolish person. 4. The fa- 
vorite object of pursuit. 

HOB'GOB-LIN, n. A fairy ; a frightful apparition 

Ho'BIT, n. [Sp. hobus.] A small mortar, or short gun. See 
Howi^TZER, the common orthography. 

HOB'LiKE, a. Clownish ; boorish. Cotgrave. 

HOB'NAiL, n. [G. ImfnageL] 1. A nail with a thick, strong 
head, for shoeing horses. 2. A clownish person, in con- 
tempt. Milton. 

HOB'N AILED, a. Set with hobnails ; rough. 

HOB'NOB, adv. [qu. Sax. habban.] Take or not take. 

HOB'SON'S CHOICE. A vulgar proverbial expression, de- 
noting a choice in which there is no alternative. 

Ho'BOY. See Hautboy. 

HOCK, n. [Sax. hoh.] 1. The joint of an animal between 
the knee and the fetlock. 2. A part of the thigh. 

HOCK, or HOC'KLE, v. t. To hamstring ; to hough ; to 
disable by cuttijig the tendons of the ham. 

HOCK, n. [from Hochheim, in Germany.] A soi-t of Rhen- 
ish wine 3 sometimes called hockamore. 

t HO€K'A-MORE, 71. Old, strong Rhenish wine. Hudibras. 

HOCK'DAl , or HoKE'DAY, n. High day ; a day of feast- 
ing and mirth, formerly held in England. 

t HOCK'EY, n. \G. hock.] Harvest-home. 

HOCK'HERB, n. A plant, the mallows. AinsiDorth. 

HOC'KLE, v.t. 1. To hamstring. 2. To mow. 

Ho'CUS Po'CUS, 71. [W. hoced, and perhaps biDg or pwca.] 
A juggler ; a juggler's trick ; a cheat used by conjurers. 

Ho'CUS Po'CUS, V. t. To cheat. L^Estrange. 

HOD, 71. [Fr. hotte.] A kind of tray for carrying mortar 
and brick, used in bricklaying. 

HOD'DY, a. Well ; pleasant ; in good spirits. Grose. 

t HOD'DY-DOD'DY, n. An awkward or foolish person 

IIGD6E'-P0D6E, or HOTCH'-POTCH, 71. [qu. Fr. hocher.] 
A mixed mass 3 a medley of ingredients. [ Vulgar.] See 
Hotchpot. 

HO-DI-ERN'AL, a. [L. hodiernus.] Of this day ; belonging 
to the present day. 

HOD'MAN, 71. A man who carries a hod. 

HOD'MAN-DOD, n. 1. A shell-fish, otherwise called dod- 
man. 2. A shell-snail. 

HOE, (ho) 71. [G. haue.] A farmer's instrument for cutting 
up weeds and loosening the earth in fields and gardens. 

HOE, V. t. 1. To cut, dig, scrape or clean with a hoe. 2. 
To clear from weeds. 

HOE, V. i. To use a hoe. 

HoED, pp. Cleared from weeds, or loosened by the hoe. 

HoE'ING, ppr. 1. Cutting, scraping or digging with a hoe. 
2. Clearing of weeds with a hoe. 

t Ho'Fi,L, a. [Sax. hohfull, hogfull.] Careful. 

t HO'F'UL-LY, adv. Carefully. Stapleton. 

HOG, 71. [W. kwg.] 1. A swine ; a general name of that 
species of animal. — 2. In England, a castrated sheep of a 
year old. 3. A bullock of a year old, 4. A brutal fel- 
low ; one who is mean and filthy. — 5. Among seamen, a 
sort of scrub Ding-broom for scraping a ship's bottom under 
water. 

HOG, V. t. 1. To scrape a ship's bottom under water. 2. 
[G. hocken.] To carry on the back ; [local.] Grose. 3. 
To cut the hair short, like the bristles of a hog ; [local.] 

HOG, V. i. To bend, so as to resemble in some degree a 
hog's back. 

HOG'COTE, 71. [hog and cote.] A shed or house for swine ; 
a sty Mortimer. 

HOGGED, pp. 1. Scraped under water. 2. Curving; hav- 
ing the ends lower than the middle. 

HOG'GER-EL, n. A sheep of the second year. .^sh. A 
two year old ewe. Ainsworth. 

HOG'GET, 71. [Norm, ho^et.] 1. A sheep two years old. 
2. A colt of a year old, called, also, hog-colt ; [local.] 
Grose. 3. A young boar of the second year. Cyc. 

HOG'GISH, a. Having the qualities of a hog ; brutish ; 
gluttonous ; filthy ; meanly selfish. 

HOG'GISH-LY, ado. In a brutish, gluttonous or filthy 
manner. 

HOG'GISH-NESS, n. Brutishness ; voracious greediness in 
eating ; beastly filthiness ; mean selfishness. 

t HOGH, 71. [See High.] A hill ; a clifi". Spenser. 

HOG'HERD, 71. A keeper of swine. Browne. 

Ho'GO, 71. [corrupted from haut gout.] High flavor ; strong 

HOG'PEN, 71. [hog and pen.] A hogsty. 
HOG'-PLUMB-TREE, n. A tree. 

HOG'-RING-ER, n One whose business is to put rings in 
thb snouts of swine. 



HOG'S'-BeANS, n. A plant. Amfiworth. 
HOG'S'-BREADj n. A plant. 

HOG'S'-FEN-NEL, n. A plant of the genus ^eMce(Za7iM7a 
HOG'S'-MUSH-ROOMS, n. A plant. Jiinsworth. 
HOGS'HEAD, n. [D. oxhoofd.] 1. A measure of capacity, 

containing 63 gallons.— 2. In America, this name is often 

given to a butt, a cask containing from 110 to 120 gallons. 

3. A large cask. 
HOG'-SHkAR-ING, n. A ludicrous term, denoting much 

ado about nothing. 
HOG '-STEER, n, [Sax. steor.] A wild boar of three years 

old. Cockeram. 
HOG'STY, n. A pen or inclosure for hogs. 
HOG' WASH, 71. [hog and wash.] Swill; the refuse matters 

of a kitchen for swine. 
HoHL'SPATH, n. The mineral otherwise called made, 

and chiastolite. 
HOI'DEN, n. [W. hoeden.] I A rude, bold girl ; a romp 

2. A rude, bold man. Milton. 
HOI'DEN, a. Rude; bold; inelegant; rustic. 
HOI'DEN, V. i. To romp rudely or indecently. 
HOIST, V. t. [G. hissen ; D. hyssen.] 1. To raise ; lo lift. 

2. To raise, to lift or bear upwards by means of tackle. 

3. To lift and move the leg backwards. 

HOIST, 71. In marine language, the perpendicular height 
of a flag or ensign, as opposed to the Jiy, or breadth from 
the stafi"to the outer edge. 

HOIST'ED, 2}p- Raised ; lifted ; drawn up. 

HOIST'ING, ppr. Raising; lifting. 

HOIT, V. i. [Icel. hauta.] To leap ; to caper. Beaumont. 

HOI'TY TOI'TY, an exclamation, denoting sui-prise or dis- 
approbation, with some degree of contempt. Congreve. 

HOLC'AD, n. [Gr. bXKaSiov.] In ancient Greece, a large 
ship of burden. Mitford, 

HoLD, V. t. ; pret. held ; pp. held. Ilolden is obsolete in ele- 
gant writing. [Sax. healdan.] 1. To stop ; to confine ; to 
restrain from escape ; to keep fast; to retain. 2. To em- 
brace and confine, with bearing or lifting. 3. To connect ; 
to keep from separation. 4. To mamtain, as an opinion. 
5. To consider ; to regard ; to think ; to judge, that is, Ir 
have in the mind. 6. To contain, or to have capacity to 
receive and contain. 7. To retain within itself; to keep 
from running or flowing out. 8. To defend ; to keep 
possession ; lo maintain. 9. To have. 10. To have or 
possess by title. 11. To refrain ; to stop ; to restrain ; to 
withhold. 12. To keep. 13. To fix ; to confine ; to 
compel to observe or fulfill. 14. To confine ; to restrain 
from motion. 15. To confine ; to bind ; in a legal or 
moral sense. 16. To maintain; to retain; to continue. 
17. To keep in continuance or practice. 18.' To continue ; 
to keep; to prosecute or carry on. 19. To have in ses- 
sion. 20. To celebrate ; to solemnize. 21. To maintain ; 
to sustain ; to have in use or exercise. 22. To sustain ; 
to support. 23. To carry ; to wield. 24. To maintain ; 
to observe in practice. 25. To last ; to endure. 

To hold forth. 1. To ofier ; to exhibit ; to propose. Locke. 

2. To reach forth; to put forward to view. — To hold in, 
1. To restrain ; to curb ; to govern by the bridle. 2. To 
restrain in general ; to check ; to repress. — To hold off, to 
keep at a distance. — To hold on, to continue or proceed 
in.'— To hold out. 1. To extend; to stretch forth. 2. To 
propose; to offer. B. Jonson. 3. To continue to do or 
suffer. — To holdup. 1. To raise. 2. To sustain ; to sup- 
port. 3. To retain ; to withhold. 4. To offer ; to exhibit. 
5. To sustain ; to keep from falling. — To hold o7ie's own, 
to keep good one's present condition. — In seamen''s lan- 
guage, a ship holds her own, when she sai's as fast as 
anofher ship, or keeps her course. 

HoLD, V. i. 1. To be true ; not to fail ; to stand, as a fact 
or truth. 2. To continue unbroken or unsubdued. 3. To 
last ; to endure. 4. To continue. 5. To be fast ; to be 
firm ; not to give way, or part. 6. To refrain. 7. To 
stick or adhere. 

To hold forth, to speak in public ; to harangue ; to preach ; 
to proclaim. — To hold in. 1. To restrain one's self. 2. 
To continue in good luck. — To hold off, to keep at a dis- 
tance ; to avoid connection. — To hold of, to be dependent 
on ; to derive title from. — To hold on. 1. To continue ; 
not to be interrupted. 2. To keep fast hold ; to cling to. 

3. To proceed in a course. — To hold out. 1. To last; to 
endure ; to continue. 2. Not to yield ; not to surrender ; 
not to be subdued. — To hold to, to cling or cleave to ; to 
adhere. — To hold under, or from, to have title from. — To 
hold with, to adhere to ; to side with ; to stand up for.— 
To hold plough, to dkect or steer a plough by the hands, 
in tillage. — To hold together, to be joined; not to sepa- 
rate ; to remain in union. — To hold up. 1. To support 
one's self. 2. To cease raining; to cease, as falling 
weather. 3. To continue the same speed ; to run or move 
as fast. — To liold a wager, to lay, to stake or to hazard a 
wager. — Hold, used imperatively, signifies stop , cease ; 
forbear ; be still. 

HoLD, n. 1. A grasp with the hand ; an embrace with the 
arms. 2. Something which may be seized for support , 



* S3f Synofsis A, E, T, O, U, Y, long — FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD 



t Obsolete 



HOL 



415 



HOM 



that which supports. 3. Power of keeping. 4. Power of 
seizing. 5. A prison ; a place of confinement. 6. Cus- 
tody ; safe keeping. 7. Power or influence operating on 
the mind ; advantage that may be employed in directhig 
or persuading another. 8. Lurking place ; a place of se- 
curity. 9. A fortified place ; a fort ; a castle. 10. The 
whole interior cavity of a ship, between the floor and the 
lower deck. — 11. In music, a mark directing the per- 
former to rest on the note over which it is placed. 

HoLD'BA€K, n. Hinderance ; restraint. Hammond. 

HoLD'ER, n. 1. One who holds or grasps in his hand, or 
embraces with his arms. 2. A tenant; one who holds 
land under another. 3. Something by which a tiling is 
held. 4. One who owns or possesses- — 5. In sliipSy one 
who is employed in the hold. 

HoLD'ER-FoRTH, n. A haranguer ; a preacher. 

HoLD'FAST, n. A thing that takes hold ; a catch ; a 
hook. 

HoLD'ING, ■pjyr. Stopping ; confining ; restraining ; keep- 
iag; retaining; adhering; maintaining, &:c. 

HoLD'ING, 11. 1. A tenure ; a farm held of a superior. 2. 
The burden or chorus of a song. Shak. 3. Hold ; influ- 
ence ; power over. Burke. 

HOLE, n. [Sax. hoi.'] 1. A hollow place or cavity in any 
solid body, of any shape or dimensions, natural or artifi- 
cial. 2. A perforation; an aperture; an opening in or 
through a solid body. 3. A mean habitation ; a nairow 
or dark lodging. 4. An opening or means of escape ; a 
subterfuge. — Arm-hole. 1. The arm-pit ; the cavity under 
the shoulder of a pei-son. 2. An opening in a gEirment for 
the arm. 

HOLE, V. i. To go into a hole. B. Jonson. 

HOLE, V. t. 1. To cut, dig or make a hole or holes in. 2. 
To drive into a bag, as in billiards. 

HOLE, a. Whole. 

HOL'I-BUT. See Halibut. 

Ho'LI-DAM, n. Blessed lady ; an ancient oath 

HOL'I-DAY. SeeHoLYDAY. 

Ho'LI-LY, adv. 1. Piously ; with sanctity. 2. Sacredly ; 
inviolably ; without breach ; [little used.] Shak. 

Ho'LI-NESS, n. 1. The state of being holy ; purity or in- 
tegrity of moral character ; freedom from sin ; sanctity. 
2. Purity of heart or dispositions ; sanctified affections ; 
piety ; moral goodness. 3. Sacredness ; the state of any 
thing hallowed, or consecrated to God or to his worship. 
4. That which is separated to the service of God. 5. A 
title of the pope, and formerly of the Greek emperors. 

HoL'ING-AXE, n. A narrow axe for cutting holes in posts. 

HOL'LA, or HOL-LoA, exclam. A word used in calling. 
— Among seamen, it is the answer to one that hails, 
equivalent to / hear, and am ready. 

HOL-LA',or HOL-Lo', ■«- i. [Sax. ahlowan.] To call out or 
xclairn. See Halloo. 

HOL'LAND, n. Fine linen manufactured in Holland. 

HOL'LAND-ER, n. A native of Holland. 

HOL'LANDS, n. A kind of cant tenn for gin. 

HOL'LEN. See Hollt. 

HOL'LoW, a. [Sax. hoi.] 1. Containing an empty space ; 
not solid. 2. Sunk deep in the orbit. 3. Deep; low ; 
resembling sound reverberated from a cavity, or desig- 
nating such a sound. 4. Not sincere or faithful ; false ; 
deceitful; not sound. 

HOL'LoW, 71. 1. A cavity, natural or artificial ; any de- 
pression of surface in a body ; concavity. 2. A place 
excavated. 3. A cave or cavern ; a den ; a hole ; a broad 
open space in any thing. 4. A pit. 5. Open space of 
any thing ; a groove : a channel ; a canal. 

HOL'LoW, V. t. [Sax. holian.] To make hollow, as by 
digging, cutting'or engraving; to excavate. 

HOL'LoW, V. i. To shout. See Holla and Hollo. 

HOL'LoW, adv. He carried it hollow, that is, he gained 
the prize without difficulty. A colloquial expression. 
Craven dialect. 

HOL'IiOWED, pp. Made hollow ; excavated. 

HOL'LoW-E^ED, a. Having sunken eyes. 

HOL'LoW-HEaRT-ED, a. Insincere ; deceitful ; not 
sound_and true. Butler. 

HOL'LoW-ING, ppr. Making hollow ; excavating. 

HOL'LQW-LY, adv. Insincerely ; deceitfully. 

HOL'LoW-NESS, n. 1. The state of being hollow ; cav- 
ity ; depression of surface ; excavation. 2. Insincerity ; 
deceitfulness ; treachery. 

HOL'LoW-ROOT, n. A plant, tuberous moschatel. 

HOL'LoW-SPa'R. The mineral called, also, chiastolite. 

HOL'LY, il. [Sax. holegn.] The holm tree, of the genus 
ilex, of several species. 

HOL'LY-HOCK, n. [Sax. holihoc] A plant of the genua 
alcea. It is called, also, rose-mallow. 

HOL'LY-ROSE, n. A plant. Tate. 

HoLM, n. 1. The evergreen rak ; the ilex. 2. An islet, 
or river isle. 3. A low, flat tract of rich land on the 
ban ks of a river. 

HoLM'EN, a. Made of holm. West of England. 

HOLM'ITE, n. A variety of carbonate of lime. 



HOL'O-CAUST, n. [Gr. h\o? and Kavaroi.'] A burnt-sacri- 
fice or offering. 

HOL'O-GRAPH, n. [Gr. h\os and ypa^w.] A deed or tes- 
tament written wholly by the grantor's or testator's own 
hand. 

HOL-0-GRAPH'l€, a. Written wholly by the grantor or 
testator himself. 

HO-LOM'E-TER, 71. [Gr. 6Xoj and //frpew,] An instrument 
for takinj all kinds of measures ; a pantoraeter. 

HoLP, HoLP'EN, the antiquated ;7ref. and pp. of help. 

HoL'STER, 71. [Sax. /icoZster.] A leathern case for a pistol 
carried by a horseman. 

HoL'STER, v.i. To bustle ; tomnke a disturbance. Grose 

HoL'STERED, a. Bearing holsters. Byron. 

HoLT, n. [Sax. holt.] A wood or woodland ; obsolete, ex- 
cept in poetry. Drayton. 

Ho'LY, a. [Sax. halig , G., D. heilig.] 1. Properly , whole ^ 
entire or perfect, in a moral sense. Hence, pure in heart, 
temper or dispositions ; free from sin and sinful affections. 

2. Hallowed ; consecrated or set apart to a sacred use. 

3. Proceeding from pious principles, or directed to pious 
purposes. 4. Perfectly just and gooii. 5. Sacred. — Holy 
of holies, in Scripture, the innermost apartment of the 
Jewish tabernacle or temple, where the ark was kept. — 
Holy Ghost, or Holy Spirit, the Divine Spirit; the third 
person in the Trinity ; the Sanctifier of souls. — Holy loar, 
a war undertaken to rescue the holy land, the ancient 
Judea, from the infidels ; a crusade. 

H5'LY-€R0SS day. n. The fourteenth of September. 
HOL'Y-DAY, n. 1. A day set apart for commemorating 

some important event in history ; a festival. 2. A day 

of joy and gayety. 3. A day of exemption from labor ; a 

day of amusement. 
HOL'Y-DAY, a. Pertaining to a festival. 
Ho'LY-ONE, 71. 1. An appellation of the Supreme Being, 

byway of emphasis. ^. An appellation of Christ. 3. 

One separated to the service of God. 
Ho'LY-KOOD day, n. A festival observed by Roman 

Catholics in memory of the exaltation of our Savior's 

Ho'LY-THlS-TLE, n. A plant of the genus c7iic?w. 

Ho'LY-THURS'DAY, n. The day on which tlie ascension 
of our Savior is commemorated, ten days before Whitsun- 
tide. Johnson. 

Ho'LY-WEEK, n. The week before Easter, in which the 
passion of our Savior is commemorated. 

HOM' AGE, n. \Yr. hommage.] 1. In feudal Zoio, the sub- 
mission, loyalty and service which a tenant promised to 
his lord or superior. 2. Obeisance ; respect paid by ex- 
ternal action. 3. Reverence directed to the Supreme Be- 
ing; reverential worship; devout affection. 

HOM'AGE, v. t. To pay respect to by external action ; to 
give reverence to ; to profess fealty. ' 

HOM'AGE- A-BLE, a. Subject to homage. Howell. 

HOM'A-GER, n. One who does homage, or holds land of 
another by homage. Bacon. 

HOM'BERG'S PY-ROPH'O-RUS. Ignited muriate of lime. 

HOME, 71. [Sax. ham ; G,, D. heim.] 1. A dwelling house ; 
the house or place in which one resides. 2. One's own 
country. 3. The place of constant residence ; the seat. 

4. The grave; death; or a future state. 5. The present 
state of existence. 

HOME, a. Close ; severe ; poignant ; as, a home thrust. 

HOiME, adv. [This is merely elliptical ; to being emitted.] 
1. To one's own habitation ; as, go home. 2. To one's 
own country. — Home is opposed to abroad, or in a foreign 
crnntry. 3. Close; closely; to the point. 

HoME'BORN, a. 1. Native; natural. Donne. 2. Do- 
mestic ; not foreign. Pope. 

HoME'BRED, a. 1. Native ; natural. 2. Domestic ; orig- 
inating at home ; not foreign. 3. Plain ; rude ; artless ; 
uncultivated ; not polished by travel. 

HoME'FELT, a. Felt in one's own breast; inward; pri- 
vate. Milton. 

HoME'KEEP-ING, a. Staying at home. Shak. 

HoME'LESS, a. Destitute of a home. 

HolNIE'LI-LY, adv. Rudely ; inelegantly. 

HoME'LI-NESS, n 1. Plainness of features ; want ol 
beauty. 2. Rudeness ; coarseness. Addison. 

HoME'LOT, 71. An inclosure on or near which the mansion 
house stands. 

HoME'LY, a. 1. Of plain features ; not handsome. 2. 
Plain ; like that which is made for common domestic use ; 
rude ; coarse ; not fine or elegant. 

HoME'LY, adv. Plainly ; rudely ; coarsely, [Little used.] 

HoME'LYN, 77. A fish. 

HoME'MADE, a. Made at home ; being of domestic manu 
facture. Locke. 

O'MER ' ( "• "^ Hebrew measure containing the tenth 
CHo'MER > P^"^' ^^ ^° ephah, or about six pints. 
HO-MER'I€, a. Pertaining to Homer, or to his poetry ; re- 
sembling Homer's verse. 



S&e Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S a.s Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in thi^ f Obsolete 



HON 



416 



HOO 



JiOME'SPkAK IXG, 71. Forcible and efficacious speaking. 
^tlilton. 

HoME'SPUN, a. 1. Spun or wrought at home ; of domestic 
manufacture. 2. Not made in foreign countries, 3. 
Plain ; coarse j rude ; liomeiy ; not elegant. 

HoME'SPUN, 11. A coarse, unpolished, rustic person. 

HoME'STALL, ) n. 1. The place of a mansion house ; the 

HoME'STEAD, \ inclosure or ground immediately con- 
nected with the mansion. 2. Native seat j original sta- 
tion or place of residence. 

HOME' WARD, \ adv. Toward home ; toward one's hab- 

HoAlE'WARDS, \ itation or country. 

HwME'WAED-BOUND, a. Destined for home 3 returning 
from a foreign country .0 the place where the owner re- 
sides. 

HOM-1-ClD'AL, a. [from homicide.'] Pertaining to homi- 
cide ; murderous ; bloody. 

HOM'I-CiDE, n. fFr., from L. Ao?«ict«Ziim.] 1. Tlie killing 
of one man or human being by another. Homicide is of 
ihree ^'mds— justifiable, excusable^ and felonious. 2. A 
person who kills another ; a manslayer. 

HOM-I-LET'I€, \ a. [Gr. huCKriTiKOi.'] 1. Pertaining to 

HOM-I-jjET'I-€AL, \ familiar intercourse ; social ; con- 
vei'sable ; companionable. — 2. Homiletic theology, a branch 
of practical theology, also c^MeA pastoral theology. 

HOM'I-LtST, n. One that preaches to a congregation. 

HOM'I-LY, 71. [Fr. homelie,] A discourse or sermon read or 
pronounced to an audience. 

HOM'MO€, 71. A hillock or small eminence of a conical 
form, sometimes covered with trees. Bartravi. 

HOM'MO-NY, 71. [Indian.] In America, maize hulled, or 
hulled and broken, but coarse, prepared for food by being 
mixed with water and boiled. 

HO-MOE-0-Me'RI-A, n. A likeness of parts. 

H0-M0-6e'NE-AL, \ a. [Fr. hoTuogene ; Gr. bjioyevric.'] 

HO-MO-Ge'NE-OUS, \ Of tne same kind or nature ; con- 
sisting of similar parts, or of elements of the like nature. 

H0-M0-6E'NE-AL-NESS, or HO-MO-GE-NE'I-TY. Words 
not to be encourau-ed ; equivalent to 

HO-MO-Gk NE-OUS-NESS, n. Sameness of kind or nature. 

* H0M'0-6E-NY, 71. Joint nature. Baco7i. 

HO-MOL'O-GATE, v. t. [It. omologare.] To approve ; to 
allow. Wheaton's Rep. 

HO-MOL'O-GOUS, a. [Gr. hixos and Aoyof.] Proportional to 
each other ; a term in geometry. 

HO-MON'Y-MOUS, a. [Gr. 6//a)i/u//oj.] Equivocal ; ambig- 
uous ; that has different significations. 

H0-M0N<Y-M0U&-LY, adv. In an equivocal manner. 

HO-MON'Y-MY, n. [Gr. 6/twj/u^ta;.] Ambiguity ; equivoca- 
tion. Johnson. 

HO-MOPH'O-NY, n. [Gr. huos and (povrj.] Likeness of 
sound. 

HO-MOT'O-NOUS, a. [Gr. b{ios and rovos.] Equable 5 of 



the same tenor ; applied to diseases. Quinc^j. 
:ONE, 71. [Sw. /ten.- • " " 

ening instruments. 



5w. /ten.] A stone of a fine grit, used for sharp- 



HONE, V. t. To rub and sharpen on a hone. 

t HONE, V. i. To pine 5 to long. ^QU. W. hawn.] 

HoNE'-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus sison. 

HON'EST, (on'est) a. [Fr. honnm.] 1. Upright ; just ; fair 
in dealing with others. 2. Fair ; just ; equitable ; free 
from fraud. 3. Frank ; sincere ; unreserved ; according 
to truth. 4. Sincere ; proceeding from pure or just prin- 
ciples, or directed to a good object. 5. Fair ; good ; 
unimpeached. 6. Decent; honorable; or suitable. 7. 
Chaste ; faithful. 

t HON'EST, (on'est) v. t. To adorn ; to grace. Sandys. 

t HON'ES-TATE, v. t. To honor. Cockeram. 

t HON-ES-Ta'TION, n. Adornment ; grace. 

HON'EST-LY, (on'est-ly) adv. 1. Uprightly ; justly ; with 
integrity and fairness. 2. With frank sincerity ; without 
fraud or disguise ; according to truth. 3. By upright 
means ; with upright conduct. 4. Chastely ; with conju- 



gal loyalty and fidelity. 
HON'ES-T" 



»N'ES-TY, (on'es-ty) n. [Fr. honnitetc ; L. honestas.'] 1. 

In principle, an upright disposition ; moral rectitude of 

heart; a disposition to conform to justice and correct 

moral principles, in all social transactions. 2. Fairness ; 

candor ; truth. 3. Frank sincerity. 
HoN'EY, (hun'y) ?i. [Sax. hunig.] 1. A sweet vegetable 

juice, collected by bees from the flov/ers of plants. 2. 

Sweetness ; lusciousness. 3. A word of tenderness ; 

sweetness ; sweet one. 
HoN'EY, V. t. 1. To talk fondly ; [I. u.] 2. To sweeten. 
H6N'EY-BAG, n. The stomach of a honey-bee. Grew. 
H6N'EY-€oMB, n, A substance formed by bees into cells 

for repositories of honey. 
HoN'EY-CoMBED, a. Having little flaws or cells. 
HoN'EY-DEW, n. A sweet, saccharine substance, found 

on the leaves of trees and other plants. 
HoN'EYED, a. 1. Covered with honey. 2. Sweet. 
H6N'EY-FLOW-ER, n. A plant. 
HoN'EY-GNAT, n. An insect. Ainsioorth. 



HOI^ EY-GUIDE, n. A species of cuckoo. 

HON'EY-HAR'VEST, n. Honey collected. Dryden. 

HoN'EY-LESS, a. Destitute of honey. Shak. 

H6N'EY-Lo-€UST, n. A plant, the three-thorned acacia 

HoN'EY-MOON, Hi. The first month after marriage 

HON'EY-MONTH, \ Addisoii. 

HON'EY-MOUIHED, a. Soft or smooth in speech. 

HoN'EY-STALK, n. Clover-flower. Mason. 

HON'EY-STONE. See Mellite. 

H6N'EY-SU€-KLE, 71. A genus of plants 

HON'EY-SWEET, a. Sweet as honey. Chancer. 

HoN'EY-ToNGUED, a. Using soft speech. Shak. 

HoN'EY-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus cerinthe. 

HoN'IED. See Honeyed. 

t HoN'IED-NESS, 71. Sweetness ; allurement. Cutgrave 

HON'OR, (on'ur) n. [Ij. honor, honos ; Fr. honneur ; Sp. 
honor.] 1. The esteem due or paid to worth ; high estima- 
tion. 2. A testimony of esteem ; any expression of re- 
spect or of high estimation by words or actions. 3. Dig- 
nity : exalted rank or place ; distinction. 4. Reverence ; 
veneration. 5. Reputation ; good name. 6. True noble- 
ness of mind; magnanimity. 7. An assumed appearance 
of nobleness ; scorn of meanness, springing from the fear 
of reproach, without regard to principle. 8. Any particu- 
lar virtue much valued ; as bravery m men, and chastity 
in females. Shak. 9. Dignity of mien ; noble appearance. 

10. That which honors ; he or that which confers dignity. 

11. Privileges of rank or birth ; in the plural. 12. Civili- 
ties paid. 13. That which adorns ; ornament ; decora- 
tion. 14. A noble kind of seignory or lordship, held of 
the king in capite. — On or upon my honor , woiiXs accom- 
panying a declaration which pledge one's honor or repu- 
tation for the truth of it. 

HONOR, (on ur) v. t. [L. honoro ; Fr. ho7iorer.] I. To re- 
vere ; to respect ; to treat with deference and submission, 
and perform relative duties to. 2. To reverence ; to 
manifest the highest veneration for, in words and actions ; 
to entertain the most exalted thoughts of; to worship ; to 
adore. 3. To dignify ; to raise to distinction or notice ; 
to elevate in rank or station ; to exalt. 4. To glorify ; to 
render illustrious. 5. To treat with due civility and re- 
spect in the ordinary intercom-se of life. — 6. In commerce, 
to accept and pay when due. 

HON'OR- A-BLE, a. [L. honor abilis ; Fr. honorable.] 1. 
Holding a distinguished rank in society ; illustrious or 
noble. 2. Possessing a high mind ; actuated by principles 
of honor. 3. Conferring honor, or procured by noble 
deeds. 4. Consistent with honor or reputation. 5. Re- 
spected ; worthy of respect ; regarded with esteem. G. 
PerfoiTOed or accompanied with marks of honor, or with 
testimonies of esteem. 7. Proceeding from an upright 
and laudable cause, or directed to a just and proper end ; 
not base ; not reproachful. 8. Not to be disgraced. 9. 
Honest ; without hypocrisy or deceit ; fair. 10. An epi- 
thet of respect or distinction. 11. Becoming men of rank 
and character. 

HON'OR-A-BLE-NESS, 71. 1. The state of being honora- 
ble ; eminence ; distinction. 2. Conformity to the prin- 
ciples of honor, probity or moral rectitude ; fairness. 

HON'OR-A-BLY, a(f«. 1. With tokens of honor or respect. 
2. Magnanimously ; generously ; with a noble spirit or 
purpose. 3. Reputably ; without reproach. 

HON'OR- A-RY, a. I. Conferringhonor, or intended merely 
to confer honor. 2. Possessing a title or place without 
performing services or receiving a reward. 

HON'OR-A-RY, 71. 1. A lawyer's fee. 2. The salary of a 
professor in any art or science. 

HON'ORED, pp. Respected ; revered ; reverenceJ ; ele- 
vated to rank or office ; dignified ; exalted ; glorified ; 
accepted. 

HON'OR-ER, n. 1. One that honors; one that reveres, 
reverences or regards with respect. 2. One who exalts, 
or who confers honors. 

HON'OR-ING, ppr. Respecting highly ; reverencing ; ex- 
alting ; dignifying ; conferring marks of esteem ; accept- 
ing and paying. 

HON'OR-LESS, a. Destitute of honor ; not honored. 

HOOD, in composition, [Sax. had, hade, G. heit, D. held, Sw. 
he't, Dan. hed,] as in manhood, childhood, denotes state or 
fixedness, hence quality or character, from some root sig- 
nifying to set, [Sax. hadian, to ordain.] It is equivalent to 
the termination 7iess in English, and tas in Latin ; as, 
goodness, [G. gutheit ;] brotherhood, [L. fraternitas.] 

HOOD, 71. [Sax. hod.] I. A covering for the head used by 
females. 2. A covering for the head and shoulders used 
by monks ; a cowl. 3. A covering for a hawk's Jiead or 
eyes, used in falconry. 4. Any thing to be drawn over 
the head to cover it. 5. An ornamental fold that hangs 
down the back of a graduate to mark his degree. 6. A 
low wooden porch over the ladder which leads to the 
steerage of a ship ; the upper part of a galley-chimney ; 
the cover of a pump. 

HOOD, V. t. 1. To dress in a hood or cowl ; to put on a 
flood. 2. To cover ; to blind. 3. To cover. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PlN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. 



HOP 



417 



HOR 



HOOD'MAN BLIND, n. A play in which a person blinded 
IS to catch another and tell his name ; blindman's buff. 

HOOD'ED, pp. Covered with a hood ; blinded. 

HOOD WINK, V. t. 1. To blind by covering the eyes. 2, 
To cover ; to hide. 3. To deceive by external appear- 
ances or disguise j to impose on. 

HOOD'-WINKED, pp. Blinded; deceived. 

H6oD'-WINK-ING, ppr Blinding the eyes ; covering ; 
hiding ; deceiving. 

HOOF, n. [Sax. hof.} 1. The horny substance that covers 
or terminates the feet of certain animals. 2. An animal j 
a beast. Washington. 

HOOF, V. i. To walk, as cattle. [Little used.'] Scott. 

HOOF'-BOUND, a. A horse is said to be hoof-bound when 
he has a pain in the fore-feet, occasioned by the dryness 
and contraction of the horn of the quarters, which strait- 
ens the quarters of the heels, and often makes him lame. 
Far. Diet. 

HOOFED, a. Furnished with hoofs. Grew. 

HOOK, 71. [Sax. hoc] 1. A piece of iron or other metal 
bent into a curve for catching, holding and sustaining any 
thing. 2. A snare; a trap. 3. [W. hoc, asythe.] A 
curved instrument for cutting grass or grain ; a sickle. 4. 
That part of a hinge which is fixed or inserted in a post. 
5. A forked timber in a ship, placed on the keel. 6. A 
catch ; an advantage. — 7. In husbandry, a field sown two 



years running ; [local.] Jlinsworth. — By hook and bij crook, 

" ; 0. 

Dry den. 



one way or other ; by any means, direct or indirect. 



HOOK, v.t. 1. To catch with a hook. 2. To seize and 
draw, as with a hook. 3. To fasten with a hook. 4. To 
entrap ; to insnare. 5. To draw by force or artifice. 

HOOK, V. i. To bend ; to be curving. 

HOOK'ED, a. 1. Bent into the form of a hook ; curvated. 
2.' Bent; curvated; aquiline. 

HOOKED, pp. Caught with a hook ; fastened with a hook. 

HOOK'ED-NESS, n. A state of being bent like a hook. 

HOOK'ING, ppr. Catching with a hook ; fastening with a 
hook. 

HOOK'NoSED, a. Having a curvated or aquiline nose. 
Shak. 

IIOOK'Y, a. Full of hooks ; pertaining to hooks. 

HOOP, n. [D. hoep, hoepel.] 1. A band of wood or metal 
used to confine the staves of casks, tubs, &c. or for other 
similar purposes. 2. A piece of wiaalebone in the form of 
a circle or ellipsis, used formerly by females to extend 
their petticoats ; a farthingale. 3. Something resembling 
a hoop ; a ring ; any thing circular. 

HOOP, V. t. 1. To bind or fasten with hoops. 2. To clasp ; 
to encircle ; to surround. Shak. 

HOOP, V. i. [Sax. heafian, heofian.] To shout ; to Titter a 
loud cry, or a particular sound by way of call or pursuit. 

HOOP, V. t. I. To drive with a shout or outcry. Shak. 2. 
To call by a shout or hoop. 

HOOP, n. [Sw. hof.] 1. A shout ; also, a measure, equal 
to a peck. 2. The hoopoe. 

HOOP'ER, n. One who hoops casks or tubs ; a cooper. 

HOOP'ING, ppr. Fastening with hoops. 

HOOP'ING, ppr. Crying out ; shouting. 

HOOP'ING-COUGH, n. A cough in which the patient 
hoops or whoops, with a deep inspiration of breath. 

HOOP'OF ) 

HOOP'Oo' ( "■ [^^' ^'^^PP^'] -^ ^^'^^ of the genus upupa. 

HOO-RX', ) exclam. [Sw. hurra.] A shout of joy or ex- 

HOO-RAW, \ ultation. [This is the genuine English 
word,'for which we find in books Huzza.] 

HOOT, V. i. [W. hwd, or hict.] 1. To cry out or shout in 
contempt. 2. To cry, as an owl. Dryden. 

HOOT, V. t. To drive with cries or shouts uttered in con- 
tempt. Swift. 

HOOT, n. A cry or shout in contempt. Glanville. 

HOOT'ING, n. A shouting ; clamor. 

HOP, ?;. 2. [Sax. hoppan.] 1. To leap, or spring on one leg. 

2. To leap ; to spring forward by leaps ; to skip, as birds. 

3. To walk lame ; to limp ; to halt. [We generally use 
hobble.] 4. To move by leaps or starts, as the blood in 
the veins ; [obs.] 5. To spring ; to leap ; to frisk about. 
6. To dance. 

HOP, n. 1. A leap on one leg ; a leap ; a jump ; a spring. 
2. A dance ; [colloquial.] 

HOP, n. TD. hop.] A plant used in brewing. 

HOP, v_. «."■ To impregnate with hops. Mortimer. 

HOP'BiND, n. The stalk or vine on which hops grow. 

HOP'OAST, n. In Kent, a kiln for drying hops 

HOP'POLE, n. A pole used to support hops. 

HOP'-PI€K-ER, n. One that picks hops. 

HOP'VINE, w. The stalk of hops. 

HOP'-YARD, or HOP'-GAR-DEN, n. A field or inclosure 
where hops are raised. 

HOPE, n. [Sax. hopa.] 1. A desire of some good, accom- 
panied with at least a slight expectation of obtaining it, 
or a belief that it is obtainable. Hope differs from wish 
and desire in this, that it implies some expectation of ob- 
taining the good desired or the possibility of possessing 



it. Hope, therefore, always gives pleasure or joy ; where- 
as wish and desire may produce or be accompanied with 
pain and anxiety. 2. Confidence in a future event ; the 
highest degree of well-founded expectation uf good. 3. 
That which gives hope ; he or that which furnishes 
ground of expectation, or promises desired good. 4. An 
opinion or belief not amounting to certainty, but grounded 
on substantial evidence. 

HOPE, V. i. [Sax. hopian.] 1. To cherish a desire of good, 
with some expectation of obtaining it, or a belief that it is 
obtainable. 2. To place confidence in ; to trust in with 
confident expectation of good. 

HOPE, V. t. To desire with expectation of good, or a behel 
that it may be obtained. 

fHOPE, n. A sloping plain between ridges of mountains. 

Hoped, pp. Desired with expectation. 

HoPE'FUL, a. 1. Having qualities which excite hope 
promising or giving ground to expect good or success. 2. 
Full of hope or desire, with expectation. 

HoPE'FUL-LY, adv. 1. In a manner to raise hope ; in 
way promising good. 2. In a manner to produce a favor 
able opinion respecting some good at the present time. 3 
With hope ; with ground to expect. 

HoPE'FUL-NESS, n. Promise of good ; ground to expect 
what is desirable. Wotton. 

HoPE'LESS, ,a. 1. Destitute of hope ; having no expecta- 
tion of that which is desirable ; despairing, 2. Giving no 
ground of hope or expectation of good ; promising nothing 
desirable ; desperate. 

HoPE'LESS-LY, adv. Without hope. Beaumont. 

HoPE'LESS-NESS, n. A state of being desperate, or afford- 
ing no hope. 

HoP'ER, 71. One that hopes. Shak. 

HoP'ING, ppr. 1. Having hope. 2. Confiding in. 

HoP'ING-LY, adv. With hope or desire of good. 

HOP'LITE, 71. [Gf. 67rXtT»7ff.] In ancient Greece, a heavy- 
armed soldier. Mitford. 

HOP'PER, n. 1. One who hops, or leaps on one leg. 2. A 
wooden trough through which grain passes into a mill ; 
so named from its moving or shaking. 3. A vessel in 
which seed-corn is carried for sowing. 

HOP'PERS, 71. A play in which persons hop or leap on one 
leg. Johnson. 

HOP'PET, n. A basket. 

HOP'PING, ppr. Leaping on one leg ; dancing. 

HOP'PING, 71. A dancing ; a meeting for dancing. 

HOP'PLE, V. t. To tie the feet near together to prevent 
leaping. 

HOP'SCOTCH, ii. A game. See Hoppers. 

Ho'RAL, a. [L. hora.] Relating to an hour. 

t Ho'RAL-LY, adv. Hourly. 

Ho'RA-RY, a. [l^.horarius.] 1. Pertaining to an hour, 
noting the hours. 2. Continuing an hour. 

HoRD, )n. [H. horde.] A company of wandering people 

HoRDE, \ dwelling in tents or wagons, and migrating 
from place to place. 

HORE, 7?. [Sax. hure ; D. hoer ; Dan. hore. The common 
orthography, whore, is corrupt.] A woman, married or sin- 
gle, who indulges unlawful sexual intercourse ; also, a 
prostitute ; a common woman ; a harlot ; a woman of ill 
fame. 

HORE, V. i. To indulge unlawful sexual commerce, as a 
male or female ; to be habitually lewd, 

HoRE'DoM, 71. 1. The practice of unlawful sexual com- 
merce ; habitual or customary lewdness of males or fe- 
males. — 2. In Scripture, idolatry. 

HoRE'MAS-TER, ) n. A man who is addicted to lewdness 

HoRE'MoN-GER, \ or frequently indulges in unlawful 
sexual intercourse. 

HoRE'SoN, 7?. A bastard ; the son of a hore. 

HoR'ISH, a. Lewd ; unchaste ; loose. 

HoR'ISH-LY, adv. Lewdly ; unchastely, 

HoRE'HOUND, 71. [Sax. hara-hune.] The name of several 
plants of different genera. 

* HOR'I-ZON, or HO-Rl'ZON, n. [Gr. Spt^wr ; Fr. hori- 
zon ; Sp. horizonte.] The line that terminates the view, 
when extended on the surface of the earth ; or a great 
circle of the sphere, dividing the world into two parts or 
hemispheres — the upper hemisphere, which is visible, 
and the lower, which is hid. The horizon is sensible, and 
rational or real. The sensible, apparent or visible horizon 
is a lesser circle of the sphere, which divides the visible 
part of the sphere from the invisible. The rational, true 
or astronomical horizon, is a great circle whose plane 
passes through the centre of the earth, and whose poles 
are the zenith and nadir. 

HOR-I-ZON'TAL, a. 1. Pertaining to the horizon, or re- 
lating to it. 2. Parallel to the horizon; on a level. 3. 
Near the horizon. 

HOR-I-ZON'TAL-LY, adv. In a direction parallel to the 
horizon"; on a level. 

HOR-I-ZON-TAL'I-TY, n. The state of being horizontal. 

HORN, 71. [Sax., G., Sw., Dan. horn.] 1. A hard substance 



bef Synopsis. 



MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, DNITE.— € aa K ; 6 as J ^ S as Z , CH as SH ; TH as in this. 



i Obsolete 



HOR 



418 



HOR 



growing on the heads of certain animals, and particularly 
on cloven-footed quadrupeds, usually projecting to some 
length, and terminating in a point. Horns serve for 
weapons. 2. A wind instrument of music made of horn ; 
a trumpet.— 3. In modern times, a wind instrument made 
of metal. 4. An extremity of the moon, when it is wax- 
ing or waning, anu forming a crescent. 5. The feeler or 
antenna of an insect. 6. The feeler of a snail, which 
may be withdrawn. 7. A drinking cup, horns being used 
anciently for c\ips. 8. A winding stream. Dryden. 9. 
Horns, in the plural, is used to characterize a cuckold. 
— 10. In Scripture, horn is a symbol of strength or power. 

HORN'BeAK, 71. A fish. See Hornfish. 

HORN Beam, n. A gemls of trees. 

HORN'BILL, 71. A fowl of the genus ftwceros. 

HORN'BLEND, 71. {Gr. horn axid. blende.] A mineral of sev- 
eral varieties, called, by Haiiy, amphibole. 

HORN'BLoW-ER, n. One that blows a horn. 

HORN'BOOK, n. The first book of children, or that in 
which they learn their lettei-s and rudiments; so called 
from its cover of horn. [JVow little tised.] 

HORN'-DIS-TEM-PER, n. A disease of cattle, afiecting the 
internal substance of the horn. Encyc. 

HORNED, a. 1. Furnished with horns. 2. Shaped like a 
crescent or the new moon. Milton. 

HORNED-NESS, n. The appearance of horns. 

HORN'ER, 71. 1. One who works or deals in horns. Grew. 

2. One who winds or blows the horn. Sherioood. 
HORN'ET, 71. [Sax. hyrnett, hyrnete.] An insect, much 

larger and stronger than the wa^, and whose sting gives 

severe pain. 
HORN'FISH, n. The garfish or sea-needle. EnCyc. 
HORN'FOOT, a. Havmgahoof; hoofed. Hakewill. 
HORN'I-FY, v. t. To bestow horns upon. [JVoi used, or 

vulgar.'] Beaumont. 
HORN'ING, 71. Appearance of the moon when increasing, 

or in the form of a crescent. Gregory. 
HORN'ISH, a. Somewhat like horn ; hard. Sandys. 
HORN'LESS, a. Having no horns. Journ. of Science. 
HORN'MER-eU-RY, n. Muriate of mercury. 
HORN'OWL, 71. A species of owl. 
HORN'PiPE, 71. 1. An instrument of music in Wales. 2. 

An air or tune of triple time, with six crotchets in a bar. 

3. A kind of dance. 

HORN'SHaV-INGS, n. Scrapings or raspings of the horns 
of deer. B. Johnson. 

HORN/SIL-VER, n. Muriate of silver. 

HORN'SPOON, 71. A spoon made of horn. 

HORN'SLATE, n. A gray, siliceous stone. Kirwan. 

HORN'STONE, n. A siliceous stone. 

HORN' Work, n. In fortification, an outwork composed of 
two demi-bastions joined by a curtain. 

HORN'Y, a. 1. Consisting of horn or horns. 2. Resem- 
bling horn. 3. Hard ; callous. 

HO-ROG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. wpa and ypa^oj.] 1. An ac- 
count of hours. 2. The art of constructing dials. Cyc. 

*Ho'RO-L06E, or HOR'O-LOGE, 7i. [Fr. horloge.] An 
instrument that indicates the hour of the day. 

HO-RO-LOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to the horologe, or to 
horology. 

HO-RO-LO-GI-0-GRAPH'I€, a. Pertaining to the art of 
dialing. Chambers. 

HO-RO-LO-GI-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. u)pa, 'Soyos and ypa^w.] 
An account of instruments tnat show the hour of the day ; 
also, of the art of constructing dials. 

* HO-ROL'O-GY, 71. [Gr. wpoXoyeo).] The art of construct- 
ing machines for measuring and indicating portions of 
time. 

HO-RO-MET'RI-€AL, a. Belonging to horometry. Asiat. 
Res. 

HO-ROM'E-TRY, n. [Gr. wpa and nerpov.] The art or prac- 
tice of measuring time. 

IIOR'O-SeOPE, 71. [Fr. ; Gr. wpoaKono?.] 1. In astrology, 
a scheme or figure of the twelve houses, or twelve signs 
of the zodiac, in which is marked the disposition of the 
heavens at a given time, and by which astrologers for- 
merly told the fortunes of persons, according to the posi- 
tion of the stare at the time of their birth. 2. The degree 
or point of the heavens arising above the eastern point of 
the horizon at any given time when a prediction is to be 
made of a future event. 

HO-ROS'€0-PY, n. The art or practice of predicting future 
events by the disposition of the stars. 

HOR'RENT, a. [L horrens.] Bristled ; standing erect, as 
bristles; pointing outward. Milton. 

HORRI-BLE, a. [L. horribilis.] Exciting or tending to ex- 
cite horror ; dreadful ; terrible ; shocking ; hideous. 

HOR'RI-BLE-NESS, n. The state or qualities that may 
excite horror ; dreadfulness ; terribleness ; hideousness. 

HOR'RI-BLY, adv. In a manner to excite horror. 

HOR'RID, a. [L. horridiis. See Horror.] 1. That does or 
iiiay excite hoiror ; dreadful ; hideous ; shocking. 2. 
Rough ; rugged. 3. Shocking ; very offensivei 



HOR'RID-LY, adv. In a manner to excite horror ; dread- 
fully; shockingly. 

HOR'RID-NESS, n. The qualities that do or may excite 
horror; hideousness; enormity. Hammond. 

HOR-RIF'ie, a. [L. horrificus.] Causing horror. 

HOR-RIS'O-NOUS, a. [L. horrisonus.] Sounding dreadful- 
ly ; uttering a terrible sound. 

HOR'ROR, n. [L.] 1. A shaking, shivering or shuddering, 
as in the cold fit which precedes a fever. 2. An excess- 
ive degree of fear, or a painful emotion which makes a 
person tremble ; terror ; a shuddering with fear ; terror, 
accompanied with hatred. 3. That which may excite 
horror or dread; gloom; dreariness. Pope. 4. Dreadful 
thoughts. 5. Distressing scenes. 

HORSE, (hors) 71. [Sax. Aors.] 1. A species of quadrupeds 
of the genus equus. The horse is a beautiful animal, and 
of great use for draught or conveyance on his back. 2. A 
constellation. 3. Cavalry ; a body of troops serving on 
horseback. 4. A machine by which something is sup- 
ported ; usually a wooden frame with legs. 5. A wooden 
machine on which soldiers ride by way of punishment. — 
6. In seamen's language, a rope extending from the mid- 
dle of a yard to its extremity, to support the sailors while 
they loose, reef or furl the sails. — To take horse. 1. To 
set out to ride on horseback. 2. To be covered, as a 
mare. 

HORSE, V. t. 1. To mount on a horse. 2. To carry on the 
back. 3. To ride astride. 4. To cover a mare, as the 
male. 

HORSE, V. i. To get on horseback. Shelton. 

HORSE'BACK, (hors'bak) n. The state of being on a horse : 
the posture of riding on a horse. 

HORSE'BeAN, 71. A small bean given to horses. 

HORSE'BLO€K, n. A block or stage that assists persons in 
mounting and dismounting from a horse. 

HORSE'BoAT, n. 1. A boat used in conveying horses over 
a river or other water. 2. A boat moved by horses. 

HORSE'BOY, 71. A boy employed in dressing and tending 
horses; a stable-boy. Knolles. 

HORSE'BRAM-BLES, n. plu. Briars ; wild rose. Grose. 

HORSE'BREaK-ER, n. One whose employment is to oreak 
horses, or to teach them to draw or carry. 

HORSE'CHEST-NUT, 71. A large nut, the truit of a species 
of cBsculus ; or the tree that produces it. 

HORSE'CLOTH, n. A cloth to cover a horse. 

HORSE'CoURS'ER, n. 1. One that runs horses, or keejis 
horses for the race. 2. A dealer in horses. 

HORSE'CRAB, 7!. A crustaceous fish. Ainsworth. 

HORSE-€u'eUM-BER, n. A large green cucumber. 

HORSE'DeAL-ER, n. One who buys and sells horses 

HORSE'DRENCH, n. A dose of physic for a horse. 

HORSE'DUNG, n. The dung of horses. 

HORSE'-EM-MET, 71. A species of large ant. 

HORSE'FaCED, a. Havmg a long, coarse face ; ugly 

HORSE'FLESH, 71. The flesh of a horse. Bacon. 

HORSE'FLy, n. A large fly that stings horses. 

HORSE'FOOT, 71. A plant, called also coWs-foot. 

HORSE'GUARDS, n. A body of cavalry for guards. 

HORSE'HAIR, 71. The hair of horses. 

HORSE'HoE, V. t. To hoe or clean a field by means ol 



HORSE'KEEP-ER, n. One who keeps or takes care of 

horses, 
t HORSE'KNaVE, 71. A groom. Chaucer. 
HORSE'KNOPS, n. plu. Heads of knap-weed. Grose. 
HORSE LAUGH, n. A loud, boisterous laugh. 
HORSE'LEECH, n. 1. A large leech. 2. A farrier. 
HORSE'LIT-TER, n. A carriage hung on poles, which are 

borne by and between two horses. Milton. 
HORSE'LoAD, n. A load for a horse. 
HORSE'LY, a. Applied to a horse, as manly is to a man. 
HORSE'MAN, 71. ]. A rider on horseback. 2. A man 

skilled m riding. 3. A soldier who serves on horseback 
HORSE'MAN-SHIP, n. The act of riding, and of training 

and managing horses. Pope. 
HORSE'MaR-TEN, 7i. A kind of large bee. Ainsworth. 
HORSE'MATCH, n. A bird. Ainsworth. 
HORSE'MeAT, 71. Food for horses ; provender. 
HORSE'MILL, n. A mill turned by a horse. 
HORSE'-MIL-LI-NER, n. [horse and milliner.] One who 

supplies ribbons or other decorations for horses. Pegge. 
HORSE MINT, n. A species of large mint. 
HORSE'MUS-CLE, n. A large muscle or shell-fish. 
HORSE'PATH, n. A path for horses, as by canals. 
HORSE'PLaY, n. Rough, rugged play. Dryden. 
HORSE POND, 71. A pond for watering horses. 
HORSE'PURS-LANE, n. A plant. 
HORSE'RaCE, 71. A race by horses ; a match of horses in 

running._ 
HORSE'Ra-CING, n. The practice or act of running horses 
HORSE'RAD-ISH, n. A plant of the genus cochlearia, a 

species of scurvy-grass, having a root of a pungent taste. 
HORSE'SHOE, n. A shoe for horses, consisting of a plate 

of iron of a circular form. 



* See Synapsis A, E, T, O, U, 1?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete, 



HOS 



419 



HOU 



HORSE'SHOE-HEAD, n. A disease of infants, in which 

the sutures of the skull are too open. 
HORSE'STeAL-ER, or HORSE'THIeF, n. A stealer of 

horses. 
HORSE'STING-ER, n. The dragon-fly. 
HORSE'TaIL, n. A plant of the genus equisetum. 
H0RSE'T6NGUE, n. A plant of the genus ruscus. 
HORSE'VETCH, or HORSE'SHOE-VETCH, n. A plant 
of the genus hippocrepis. 

HORSE' WAY, or HORSE'RoAD, n. A way or road in 

which horses may travel. 
HORSE' WHIP, 71. A whip for driving horses. 
HORSE'WHIP, V. t. To lash ; to strike with a horsewhip. 
"iORSE'WoRM, n. A worm that infests horses ; a bott. 
HOR-Ta'TION, n. [L, hortatio.] The act of exhorting or 
giving advice ; exhortation ; advice intended to encourage. 

HOR'TA-TiVE, a. Giving exhortation ; advisory. 

HOR'TA-TlVE, n. Exliortation ; a precept given to incite 
or encourage. Bacon. 

HOR'TA-TO-RY, a. Encouraging; inciting ; giving advice. 

t HOR-TEN'SIAL, a. ['L. hortensis.'] Fit for a garden . 

HOR'TI-€UL-TOR, 71. [L. Aortws and cultor.'] One who 
cultivates a garden. 

HOR-TI-eULT'U-RAL, a. Pertaining to the culture of 
gardens. 

HOR'TI-eULT-URE, n. [L. hortus and cultura.] The art 
of cultivating gardens. 

HOR-TI-eULT'U-RIST, n. One who is skilled in the art 
of cultivating gardens. 

HOR'TU-LAN, a. [L. hortulaniis.] Belonging to a garden. 

HOR'TUS SI€'€US, n. [L.] Literally, a dry garden ; an 
appellation given to a collection of specimens of plants, 
carefully dried and preserved. 

HORT'YARD, n. An orchard, which see. 

HO-SAN'NA, 71. [Heb.] An exclamation of praise to God, 
or an invocation of blessings. 

HOSE, n; plu. Hosen, or Hose. [Sax. hos ; G. hose.] 1. 
Breeches or trowsers. 2. Stockings ; coverings for the 
legs. 3. A leathern pipe, used with fire-engines, for con- 
veying water to extinguish fires. 

Ho'SIER, (ho'zhur) n. One who deals in stockings and 
socks, &c. 

Ho'SIER-Y, (ho'zhur-y) n. Stockings in general ; socks. 

HOS'PI-TA-BLE, 0. [L. fiospitalis.] 1. Receiving and en- 
tertaining strangers with kindness and without reward ; 
kind to strangers and guests. 2. Proceeding from or in- 
dicating kindness to guests ; manifesting generosity. 3. 
Inviting to strangers ; offering kind reception ; indicating 
hospitality. 

HOS'PI-TA-BLY, adv. With kindness to strangers or 
guests ; with generous and liberal entertainment. 

t HOS'PI-TAGE, n. Hospitality. Spenser. 

* HOS'PI-TAL, 71. [Fr. hdpltal.] 1. A building appropri- 
ated for the reception of sick, infirm and helpless pau- 
pers ; also, a house for the reception of insane persons, or 
for seamen, soldiers, foundlings, infected persons, &;c. 2. 
A place for shelter or entertainment ; [obs.] 

t HOS'PI-TAL, a. Hospitable. Howell. 

HOS-PI-TAL'I-TY, n. [Pr. hospitalite.] The act or prac- 
tice of receiving or entertaining strangers or guests. 

HOS'PI-TAL-LER, n. Properly, one residing in a hospital 
for the purpose of receiving the poor and strangers. The 
Hospitallers were an order of knights who built a hospital 
at Jerusalem for pilgrims. They were called knights of 
St. John, and are the same as the knights of Malta. 

I HOS'PI-TATE, V. i. [L. hospitor.] To reside or lodge un- 
der the roof of another. Grew. 

\ HOS'PI-TATE, V. t. To lodge a person. 

Host, n. [Fr. hote, for hoste.] 1. One who entertains an- 
other at his own house, without reward. 2. One who 
entertains another at his house for reward ; an mnkeeper ; 
a landlord. 3. A guest ; one who is entertained at the 
house of another. 

Host, n. [L. hostis.} 1. An array ; a number of men em- 
bodied for war. 2. Any great number or multitude. 

Host, n. [L. Jiostla.] In the Romish church, the sacrifice 
of the mass, or the consecrated wafer, representing the 
body of Christ. 

Host, v. ». To lodge at an inn ; to take up entertainment. 
{Little used.^ Shak. 

tHoST, t; t. To give entertainment to. Spenser. 

HOS'TAGE, 71. [Fr. otage.] A person delivered to an ene- 
my or hostile power, as a pledge to secure the perform- 
ance of conditions. 

HOSTE, 7t. Hoarseness Craven dialect. 

HOS'TEL, HOS'TEL-LER. See Hotel. 

t HOS'TEL-RY, n. [Fr. hostelerie.] An inn. Chaucer. 

HoST'ESS, 71. 1. A female host ; a woman who entertains 
guests. 2. A w )man who keeps an inn. 

HoST'ESS-SHIP n. The character or business of a hostess. 
Shak. 

HOS'TIE, n [L. hostia.] The consecrated wafer. Burnet. 

HOS'TlLE, a. [L. hostilis.] 1. Belonging to a public ene- 
my ; designating enmity, particularly public enmity, or a 



state of war ; inimical. 2. Possessed by a public enemy 
3. Adverse ; opposite ; unfriendly. 

HOS'TlLE-LY, adv. In a hostile manner. 

HOS-TIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. hostilite ,• L. hostilitas.] 1. The 
state of war between nations or states ; the actions of an 
open enemy J aggression ; attacks of an enemy. 2. pri- 
vate eninity. 

HOS'TIL-iZE, V. t. To make an enemy. [Little used ] 

HoST'ING, ?i An encounter ; a battle ; [little used.] Mil- 
ton. 2. A muster or review ; [obs.] Spenser. 

* HOST'LER, (hos'ler, or os ler) n. [Fr. hdtelier.] The per- 
son who has the care of horses at an inn. 

t HoST'LESS, a Inhospitable 

HoST'RY, 71. 1. A stable for horses. 2. A lodging house 

HOT, a. [Sax. hat.] 1. Having sensible heat ; opposed to 
cold. Hot expresses more than warm. 2. Ardent in tem- 
per 5 easily excited or exasperated ; vehement. 3. Vio- 
lent; furious. 4. Eager; animated; brisk; keen. 5 
Lustful; lewd. 6. Acrid; biting; stimulating; pungent. 

HOT, 71. A sort of basket to carry turf or slate in. Gh-ose. 

fHOT, HOTE, Ho'TEN, pp.. Ca.ned; named. Gower. 

HOT'BED, n. In gardening, a bed of earth and horsedung, 
covered with glass, intended for raising early plants, or 
for nourishing exotic plants of warm climates. 

HOT'BRaINEIJ, a. Ardent in temper ; violent; rash; pre- 
cipitate. Dryden, 

HOTCH'POT, I n. [Fr. hochepot.] 1. Properly, a min- 

HOTCH'POTCH, \ gled mass ; a mixture of ingredients.— 

2. In law, a mixing of lands. 

HOT'eO€-KLES, n.plu. [qu. Fr. hautes coquilles.] A play 
in which one covers his eyes and guesses who strikes 
him. 

HO-TEL', 7». [Fr.h6tel.] 1. A palace. 2. An inn ; a house 
for entertaining strangers or travelers. 

HOT'HEAD-ED, a. Of ardent passions ; vehement ; vio- 
lent ; rash, jirbuthnot. 

HOT'HOUSE, 71. 1. A house kept warm to shelter tender 
plants and shrubs from the cold air. 2. A bagnio, or place 
to sweat and cup in. 3. A brothel. 

HOT'LY, adv. 1. With heat. 2. Ardently; vehemently; 
violently. 3. Lustfully. 

HOT'MOUTHED, a. Headstrong ; ungovernable. 

HOT'NESS, n. 1. Sensible heat beyond a moderate de- 
gree of warmth. 2. Violence; vehemence; fury. 

HOT-'SPUR, n. 1. A man violent, passionate, heady, rash 
or precipitate. 2. A kind of pea of earlv growth. 

HOT'SPUR, a. Violent ; impetuous. Spenser. 

HOT'SPURRED, a. Vehement ; rash ; heady. 

HOT'TEN-TOT, n. 1. A native of the southern extremity 
of Africa. 2. A savage, brutal man. 

HOT'TEN-TOT-CHER'RY, n. A plant. 

HOUGH, (hok) n. [Sax. hah.] 1. The lower part of the 
thigh ; the ham. 2. An adz ; a hoe ; [not in use.] 

HOUGH, (hok) v. t. 1. To hamstring. 2. To cut with a 
hoe ; [obs.] 

HOU'LET, n. An owl. See Howlet. 

HOULT. See Holt. 

HOUND, 71. [Sax., G., Sw., Dan., Scot, hmid.] A generic 
name of the dog ; but in English it is confined to a partic- 
ular breed used in the chase. 

HOUND, v.t. 1. To set on the chase. 2. To hunt ;< to chase. 

HOUND FISH, 71. A fish, called also galeus Imvis. 

HOUNDS, n. In seamen's language, the projecting parts of 
the head of a mast. Mar. Diet. 

HOUND'S'ToNGUE, n. A plant. 

HOUND'TREE, 71. A kind of tree. Ainsworth. 

HOUP. See Hoopoo. 

HOUR, (our) 71. [L., Sp. hora ; Fr. heure.] I. A space of 
time eqjial to one twenty-fourth part of the natural day. 
It consists of 60 minutes. 2. Time ; a particular time 

3. The time marked or mdicated by a chronometer, clock 
or watch ; the particular time of the day. — To keep good- 
hours, to be at home in good season. — Hours, in the plu- 
ral, certain prayers in the Romish church. 

HOUR'GLASS, (our'glass) n. I. A chronometer that meas- 
ures the flux of time by the running of sand from one 
glass vessel to another through a small aperture. 2. Space 
of time. 

HOUR'HAND, n. The hand or pointed pin which shows 
the hour on a chronometer. 

HOU'Rl, n. Among Mohammedans, a nymph of paradise 
.Johnson. 

HOUR'LY, (ourly) a. 1. Happening or done every hour , 
frequent ; often repeated. 2. Continual. 

HOUR'LY, (our'ly) adv. Every hour ; frequently. 

HOUR'PLATE, (our'plate) n. The plate of a time-piece on 
which the hours are marked ; the dial. Locke. 

fHOUS'AGE, 71. A fee for keeping goods in a house. 

f HOUS'AL, a. Domestic. Cotgrave. 

HOUSE, (hous) n. [Sax., Goth., Sw., Scot, hus.] 1. A 
building intended or used as a habitation ; a building or 
edifice for the habitation of man ; a dwelling-place, man- 
sion or abode for any of the human species. 2. An edi- 
fice or building appropriated to the service of God ; a temple ; 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE — € asK; Gas J ; SasZ; CHasSH; THasin tAis. • Oi'iolHe 



HOU 



420 



HUE 



a church. 3. A monastery ; a college 4. The manner 
of living ; the table. — 5. In astrology, the station of a 
planet in the heavens, or the twelfth part of the heavens. 
6. A family of ancestors ; descendants and kindred ; a 
race of persons from the same stock ; a tribe. 7. One of 
the estates of a kingdom assembled in parliament or legis- 
lature ; a body of men united in their legislative capacity. 
8. The quorum of a legislative body ; the number of repre- 
sentatives assembled who ai-e constitutionally empowered 
to enact laws. — 9. In Scripture, those who dwell in a house, 
and compose a family ; a household. 10. Wealth; estate. 
11. The grave. 12. Household affairs ; domestic con- 
cerns. 13 The body ; the residence of the soul in this 
world. 14. The church among the Jews. 15. A place of 
residence. 16. A square or division on a chess board. 

HOUSE, (houz) V. t. [Sw. hysa.} 1. To cover from the in- 
clemencies of the weather ; to shelter ; to protect by cov- 
ermg. 2. To admit to residence ; to harbor. 3. To deposit 
and cover, as in the grave. 4. To drive to a shelter. 

HOUSE, (houz) V i. 1, To take shelter or lodgings ; to keep 
abode ; to reside. 2. To have an astrological station in 
the heavens. 

HOUSE'BoAT, n. A covered boat. 

HOUSE'BOTE, n. [house, and Sax. hot.] In law, a suf- 
ficient allowance of wood to repair the house and sup- 
ply fuel. 

HOUSE'-BREaK-ER, (hous'bra-ker) n. One who breaks, 
opens and enters a house by day with a felonious intent. 

HOUSE'-BREaK-ING, (hous'bra-king) n. The breaking, 
or opening and entering of a house by dayhght, with the 
intent to commit a felony, or to steal or rob. 

HOUSE'DOG, n. A dog kept to guard the house. Addi- 
son. 

HOUSE'HoLD, n. 1. Those who dwell under the same 
roof and compose a family. 2. Family life ; domestic 
managcinent. 

HOUSE'HoLD, a. Belonging to the house and family ; do- 
mestic. 

HOUSE'HoLD-ER, n. The master or chief of a family ; 
one who keeps house with his family. 

HOUSE'HoLD-BREAD, 71. Bread not of the finest quality. 

HOUSE'HoLD-STUFF, n. The furniture of a house ; the 
vessels, utensils and goods of a family. 

HOUSE'KEEP-ER, n. 1. One who occupies a house with 
his family ; a man or woman who maintains a family state . 
in a house ; a householder. 2. A female servant who has 
the chief care of the family. 3. One who lives in plenty ; 
[obs.] 4. One who keeps much at home ; [obs.] 5. A 
housedog ; [obs ] 

HOUSE'KEEP-ING, a. Domestic ; used m a family. 

HOUSE'KEEP-ING, n. 1. The family state in a dwelling. 
2. Hospitalitj'^ ; a plentiful and hospitable table. 

HOUS'EL, (houz'l) n. [Sax. husel.] The eucharist ; the sa- 
cred bread. 

■f HOUS'EL, V. t. [Sax. huslian.] To give or receive the 
eucharist. Chaucer. 

HOUSE'LAMB, (houslam) n. A lamb kept in a house for 
fatting. 

HOUSE'LEEK, n. A plant. 

HOUSE'LESS, a. 1. Destitute of a house or habitation. 
Ooldsviith. 2. Destitute of shelter. 

HOUSE'LINE, I n. Among seamen, a small line formed of 

HOUS'ING, \ three strands. 

HOUSE'MaID, n. A female servant employed to keep a 
house clean, &c. 

HOUSE'PIG-EON, n. A tame pigeon. Gregory. 

HOUSE'ROOM, 71. Room or place in a house. Dryden 

HOUSE'RaIS-ER, n. One who erects a house. 

HOUSE'SNaIL, n. A particular kind of snail. 

HOUSE'WARM-ING, 71. A feast or merry-making at the 
time a family enters a new house. 

*HOUSE'WiFE, 71. [house and wife ; contracted into Mis- 
wife, hussy.] 1. The mistress of a family. 2. A female 
economist 3 a good manager. 3. One skilled in female 
business. 4. A little case or bag for articles of female 
work ; pronounced huz'zif. 

* HOUSE' WIFE-LY, a. 1. Pertaining to the mistress of 
a family 2. Taken from housewifery, or domestic af- 
fairs. 

HOUSE'WIFE-LY, adi}. With the economy of a careful 
woman. Sherioood. 

* HOUSE' WIFE-RY, n. The business of the mistress of a 

family ; female business in the economy of a family ; fe- 
male management of domestic concerns. 
HOUSE'-WRlGHT, (hous'rite) 71. An architect who builds 

houses. 
HOUSED ^p. Put under cover ; sheltered. 
HOUS'IN'a, ppr. 1. Covering; sheltering, 2. Warped; 

crooked, as a brick. 
HOUS'ING, n. 1. Houses in general. 2. [Fr. housse.] A 

cloth laid over a saddle. 3. A piece of cloth fastened to 

the hinder part of a saddle. 
fHOUS'LING, a. Sacramental; as, housling fire, used in 

the sacrament of marriage. Spenser. 



HOUSS, n. A covermg. [See Housing.] Dryden. 

f HOVE, V. i. [Welsh, hofio, hovio.] To hover about ; ro 
halt ; to loiter. Gowcr. 

HOVE, pref. of heave. 

HOVEL, 11. [Sax. hof, hofe.] A shed ; a cottage : a mean 
house. 

HOVEL, V. t. To put in a hovel ; to shelter. 

HoV'EN,^^. of heave. 

*HoV'ER, 75. i. [W. hoviaw.] 1. To flap the wings, aw d. 
fowl ; to hang over or about, fluttering or flapping the 
wings. 2. To hang over or around, with irregular mo- 
tions. 3. To stand m suspense or expectation. 4. To 
wander about from place to place in the neighborhood. 

t HoV'ER, 71. A protection or shelter by hanging over. 

H6V'ER-<JROUND, n. Light ground. Ray. 

HoV'ER-ING, ppr. Flapping the wings ; hanging over or 
around ; moving with short irregular flights. 

HOW, adv. [Sax. hu.] 1. In what manner. 2. To what 
degree or extent. 3. For what reason ; from what cause. 
4. By what means. 5. In what state. 6. It is used in a 
sense marking proportion. 7. It is much used in excla- 
mation ; as, hoic are the mighty fallen ! 2 Sam. i. In some 
popular phrases, how is superfluous or inelegant. 

f HOW'BE, adv. Nevertheless. Spenser. 

jHOW-Be'IT, adv. [how, be, and it.] Be it as it may ; nev- 
ertheless ; notwithstanding ; vet ; but ; however. 

HOWDY, n. A midwife. [Local.] Grose. 

HOW D'YE, how do you ? how is your health ? 

HOW-EV'ER, adv. 1. In whatever manner or degree. 2 
At all events ; at least. 3. Nevertheless ; notwithstand 
ing • yet 

HO'WITZ, in. [Sp. hobus; G. haubitze.] A kind of 

Ho'WIT-ZER, \ mortar or short gun, mounted on a field 
carriage, and used for throwing shells. 

HOW'KER, 71. A Dutch vessel with two masts. 

HOWL, V. i. [D. huileii.] 1. To cry as a dog or wolf; to ut- 
ter a particular kind of !oud, protracted and mournful 
sound. 2. To utter a loud, mournful sound, expressive 
of distress ; to wail. 3. To roar ; as a tempest. 

HOWL, V. t. To utter or speak with outcry. 

HOWL, n. 1. The cry of a dog or wolf, or other like sound. 
2. The cry of a human being in horror or anguish. 

HOWL'ET, 71. [Fr. hulotte.] A fowl of the owl kind, 
which utters a mournful cry. 

HOWL'ING, ppr. Uttering the cry of a dog or wolf; utter- 
ing a loud cry of distress. 

HOWL'ING, a. Filled with howls, or howling beasts; 
dreary. Addison. 

HOWL'ING, n. The act of howling ; a loud outcry or 
mournful sound. 

fHOW'SO, adv. [abbreviation of howsoever.] Although. 
Daniel. 

HOW-SO-EV'ER, adv. [how, so, and ever.] 1. In what 
manner soever. 2. Although. 

t HOWVE. The old word for hood. 

t HOX, V. t. To hough ; to hamstring. [See Hough.] Shak. 

HOY, 71. A small vessel, usually rigged as a sloop. 

HOY, an exclamation, of no definite meaning. 

HUB, See Hob. 

HUB'BUB, 71, A great noise of many confused voices ; a 
tumult ; uproar ; riot. Clarendon. 

tHUCK, V. i. To haggle in trading. 

HU€K, n. The name of a German river-trout. 

HU€K'A-BA€K, 71. A kind of linen with raised figures on it 

HU€'KLE, 71, [G. hocJcer.] The hip, that is, a bunch. 

HU€'KLE-BA€KED, a. Having round shoulders. 

HUOKLE-BONE, 71. [G. hooker.] The hip bone, 

HU€K'STER,7i. [G, hocke,hdcker.] 1. A retaUer of small ar- 
ticles, of provisions, nuts, &c. 2. A mean, trickish fellow. 

HU€K'STER, v. i. To deal in small articles, or in petty 
bargains. Swift. 

HU€K'STER-A6E, 71. Dealing ; busmess. Milton. 

HU€K'STER-ESS, 7i. A female pedler. 

HUD, 71. The shell or hull of a nut, [Local.] Grose. 

HUDDLE, V. i. [In Ger, hudeln.] 1. To crowd ; to press 
together promiscuously, without order or regularity, 2. 
To move in a promiscuous throng without order ; to press 
or hurry in disorder. 

HUD'DLE, V. t. 1. To put on in haste and disorder. 2. To 
cover in haste or carelessly. 3, To perform :n haste and 
disorder, 4. To throw together m confusion ; to crowd 
together without regard to order, 

HUD'DLE, 71, A crowd ; a number of persons nr things 
crowded together without order or regularity ; tumult ; 
confusion. Locke. 

HUD'DLED, pp. Crowded together without order. 

HUD'DLER, 71. One who throws things into confusion ; a 
bungler. 

HUD'DLING, ppr. Crowding or throwing together in dis- 
order ; putting on carelessly. 

HuE, Ti. [Sax. hiewe, hiw.] Color; dye. Milton. 

Hue, in the phrase hue and cry, signifies a shouting or vo- 
ciferation,— In law, a hue and cry is the pursuit of a felon 
or oflfender, with loud outcries or clamor to give an alarm. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O U, Y, long.—FkB., FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— + Obsolete 



HUM 



421 



HUM 



f HOED, a. Colored. Chauc&r. 

f Hu'ER, n. One whose business Is to cry out or give an 
alarm. Carew. 

HUFF, n. [Sp. chufa.] 1. A swell of sudden anger or arro- 
gance. 2. A boaster. South. 

HUFF, V. t. 1. To swell ; to enlarge ; to puff up. Orew. 
2. To hector; to bully ; to treat with insolence and argo- 
gance ; to chide or rebuke with insolence. 

HUFF, V. i. 1. To swell ; to dilate or enlarge. 2. To blus- 
ter ; to swell with anger, pride or arrogance ; to storm. 

HUFFED, pp. Swelled ; puffed up. 

HUFF'ER, 71. A bully ; a swaggerer ; a blusterer. 

HUFF'I-NESS, n. Petulance ; the state of being puffed up. 

HUFF'ING, ppr. Swelling ; puffing up ; blustering 

HUFF'ISH, a. Arrogant ; insolent ; hectoring. 

HUFF ISH-LY, adv. With arrogance or blustering. 

HUFF'ISH-NESS, 71. Arrogance ; petulance ; bluster. 

HUFF'Y, a. Swelled or swelling ; petulant. 

HUG, V. t. [Dan. heger.] 1. To press close in an embrace. 
2. To embrace closely ; to hold fast ; to treat with fond- 
ness. 3. To gripe in wrestling or scuffling. — To hug the 
land, in sailing, to sail as near the land as possible. — To 
hug the -wind, to keep the ship close-hauled. 

HUG, 71. 1. A close embrace. 2. A particular gripe in wrest- 
ling or scuffling. 

HUGE, a. [D. hoog.] 1. Very large or great ; enormous. 
2. It is improperly applied to space and distance, in the 
sense of great, vast, immense. — 3. In colloquial language, 
very great ; enormous. 

HuGE'LY, adv. Very greatly ; enormously; immensely. 

HuGE'NESS, n. Enormous bulk or largeness. 

HuGE'OUS, a. A low word for vast or enormous. 

HUG'GER-MUG-GER, n. In hugger mugger, denotes in 
privacy or secrecy, and tlie word, adverbially used, de- 
notes secretly. [It is a low cant word.] 

Hd'GUE-NOT, 71. [The origin of this word is uncertain. 
It is conjectured to be a corruption of G. eidgenossen, con- 
federates.] A name formerly given to a Protestant in 
France. 

Hu'GUE-NOT-ISM, n. The religion of the Huguenots in 
France. Sherwood. 

f HU'GY, a, [from huge.'] Vast in size. Carew. 

t HUISH'ER, 71. [Fr. huissier.] An usher. B. Jonson. 

HUKE, 71. [VV. hug.] A cloke ; a hyke. Bacon. 

t HULCH, 71. A bunch. 

tHULCH'-BA€KED, rt. Crooked-backed. Cotgrave. 

t HULCHED, a. Swollen ; puffed up. Cotcn-ave. 

I HULCH'IS, a. Swelling ; gibbous. 

JHULCH'Y, a. Much swollen ; gibbous. Sherwood. 

HULK, 71 [D. hulk ; Sax. hulc] 1. The body of a ship, or 
decked vessel of any kind. 2. Any thing bulky or un- 
wieldy ; [not used.] Shak. 

HULK, V. t. To talce out the entrails. [Little used.] 

fHULK'Y, a. Bulky; unwieldy. 

HULL, 71. [Sax. hul.] ]. The outer covering of any thing, 
particularly of a nut or of grain. 2. The frame or body 
of a ship. — To lie a hull, in seamen'' s language, is to lie as 
a ship without any sail upon her, and her helm lashed 
a-lee.— '^o strike a hull, in a storm, is to take in the sails, 
and lash the helm on the lee-side of a ship. 

HULL, v. t. 1. To strip off or separate the hull or bulls. 2, 
To pierce the hull of a ship with a cannon-ball. 

HULL, v.i. To float or drive on the water without sails. 

HULL'Y, a. Having husks or pods ; siliquous. 

Hu'LO-THE-ISM, n. [Gr. v'X-n and 0£o?.] The doctrme or 
belief that matter is God, or that there is no God, except 
matter and the universe. 

HUL'VER, n. [D. hulst.] Holly, a tree. Tiisser. 

HUM, V. i. [G, hummen.] 1. To utter the sound of bees ; to 
buzz. 2. To make an inarticulate buzzing sound. 3. To 
pause in speaking, and make an audible noise like the 
humming of bees. 4. To make a dull, heavy noise like a 
drone. 5. To applaud ; [obs.] 

HUM, V. t. 1. To sing in a low voice. 2. To cause to hum ; 
to impose on ; [vulgar.] 

HUM, 71. 1. The noise of bees or insects. 2. A low, con- 
fused noise, as of crowds. 3. Any low, dull noise. 4. A 
low, inarticulate sound, uttered by a speaker in a pause. 
5. An expression of applause. 

HUM, exclam. A sound with a pause, implying douot and 
deliberation. Pope. 

riU'MAN, a. [L. hum anus ; Fr. Mimain.] L Belonging to 
man or mankind ; pertaining or relating to the race of 
man, 2. Having the qualities of a man. 3. Profane ; 
not sacred or divine ; [obs.] 

fHu'MAN-ATE, a. Endued with humanity. Cranmer. 

HU-MaNE', a. 1. Having the feelings and dispositions proper 
to man ; having tenderness and compassion ; kind ; be- 
nevolent. 2. Inclined to treat the lower orders of animals 
with tenderness. 

HU-MaNE'LY, adv. 1. With kindness, tenderness or com- 
passion. 2. In a humane manner ; with kind feelings 

HU-MaNE'NESS, 71. Tenderness. Scott. 

Hu'MAN-IST, 71. 1. A professor of grammar and rhetoric ; 



a philologist. 2. One versed in tire knowledge of human 
nature. 

HU-MAN'I-TY, n. [L. humanitas.] 1. The peculiar nature 
of man , by which he is distinguished from other beings. 2 
Mankind collectively ; the human race. 3. The kind feel- 
ings, dispositions and sympathies of man, by which he is 
distinguished from the lower orders of animals ; kindness , 
benevolence. 4. The exercise of kindness ; acts of tender- 
ness. 5. Philology; grammatical studies. — Humanities, in 
the pZwraZ, signifies grammar, rhetoric and poetry; forteach- 
ing which there are professors in the universities of Scotland. 

HU-MAN-I-Za'TION, 7i. The act of humanizing. 

Hu'MAN-iZE, v.t.To soften ; to render humane ; to subdue 
dispositions to cruelty, and render susceptible of kind feel- 
ings. 

Hu'MAN-lZED, pp. Softened ; rendered humane 

Hu'MAN-lZ-ING, ppr. Softening; subduing cruel dis- 
positions. _ 

HtJ'MAN-KiND, n. The race of man ; mankind ; the hu- 
man species. Pope. 

Hu'MAN-LY, adv. L After the manner of men ; according 
to the opinions or knowledge of men. 2. Kindly; hu 
manely ; [obs.] Pope. 

t HU-Ma'TION, 7!. Interment. 

HUM'BiRD, or HUM'MING-BiRD, n. A very small bird 
of the genus trochilus ; so called from the sound of its 
wings in flight. 

*HUM'BLE,a. [Fr. humble ; h-humilis.] 1. Low ; opposed 
to high or lofty. Coicley. 2. Low ; opposed to lofty ox great ; 
mean ; not magnificent. 3. Lowly; modest; meek; sub- 
missive ; opposed top7-oud, haughty, arrogant or assuming, 

*HUM'BLE, v.t. 1. To abase; to reduce to a low state. 
2. To crush ; to break ; to subdue. 3. To mortify. 4. 
To make humble or lowly in mind ; to abase the pride of; 
to make meek and submissive. 5. To make to conde- 
scend ; as, he humbles himself to speak to them. 6. To 
bring down ; to lower ; to reduce. 7. To deprive of chas- 
tity. Dent. xxi. — To humble one's self, to repent ; to afilict 
one's self for sin ; to make contrite. 

* HUM'BLE-BEE, n. [G. hummel. It is often called bumble- 
bee.] 1. A bee of a large species. 2. An herb. 

* HUM'BLED, pp. Made low ; abased ; rendered meek and 
submissive ; penitent. 

*HUM'BLE-MOUTHED, a. Mild; meek; modest. 
*HUM'BLE-NESS, n. The state of being humble or low; 
humility; meekness. Bacon. 

* HUM'BLE-PLAJN'T, n. A species of sensitive plant. 

* HUM'BLER, n. He or that which humbles ; he that re- 
duces pride or mortifies. 

* HUM'BLES, or UM'BLES, 7?. Entrails of a deer. Johnson. 
jHUM'BLESS, 7!. [Old Fr. humblesse.] Humbleness; hu- 
mility. Spenser. 

*HUM'BLING,7i. Humiliation; abatement of pride. Milton. 

*HUM'BLY, adv. 1. In a humble manner; with modest 
submissiveness ; with humility. 2. In a low state or con- 
dition; without elevation. 

HUM'BOLD-ITE, n. [from Humbold.] A rare mineral. 

HUM'BUG, 71. An imposition. [Jl low word.] 

HUM'DRUM, a. [qu. hum, and drone.] Dull ; stupid. 

HUM'DRUM, n. A stupid fellow ; a drone. 

HU-MECT', I V. t. [L. humecto.] To moisten ; to wet • 

HU-ME€'TATE, ] to water. [Little used.] Broicn. 

HU-ME€-Ta'TION, 71. The act of moistenmg, wetting or 
watering. [Little used.] Bacon. 

HU-ME€'TIVE, a. Having the power to moisten. 

Hu'ME-RAL, a. [Fr.] Belonging to the shoulder. 

HUjM'HUM, 71. A kind of plain, coarse India cloth, made 
of cotton. 

HU-MI-€U-Ba'TION, n. [L. humus and cube] A lying on 
the ground. [Little tisedT] Bramhall. 

HtJ'MID, a. [L. humidus.] 1. Moist ; damp ; containing 
sensible moisture. 2. Somewhat wet or watery. 

HU-MID'ITY, 7!. ]. Moisture ; dampness ; a moderate de- 
gree of wetness. 2. Moisture in the form of visible vapor, 
or perceptible in the air. 

HtJ'MID-NESS, n. Humidity. 

HU-MIL'I-ATE, V. t. [L. humilio.] To humble ; to lower 
in condition ; to depress. Eaton. 

HU-MIL'I-A-TED, pp. Humbled ; depressed ; degraded. 

HU-MIL'I-A-TING, ppr. 1. Humbling ; depressing. 2. a 
Abating pride ; reducing self-confidence ; mortifying. 

HU-MIL-I-a'TION, n. 1. The act of humbling ; the state 
of being humbled. 2. Descent from an elevated state or 
rank to one that is low or humble. 3. The act of abasing 
pride ; or the state of being reduced to lowliness of mind, 
meekness, penitence and submission, 4. Abasement of 
pride ; mortification. 

t Hu'MiLE, V. t. [Old Ft. humilier.] To humiliate or humble. 

HU-MIL'I-TY, 71. [L. Mimilitas.] 1. In ethics, freedom from 
pride and arrogance ; humbleness of mind ; a modest es- 
timate of one's own worth. — In theology, humility con- 
sists in lowliness of mind ; a deep sense of one's own 
unworthiness in the sight of God. 2. Act of submission. 

Hu'MITE, n. A mineral of a reddish brown color. 



^ See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



HUN 



422 



fiUR 



il UM'MER, n. One that hums ; an applauder. 
HUM'MING, ppr. Making a low, buzzing or murmuring 

sound. 
HUM'JVUNG, n. The sound of beesj a low, murmuring 

sound. 
HUM'MING-ALE, n. Sprightly ale. Dryden. 
HUM'MUMS, 71. plu. [Persian.] Sweating places, or 



*Hu'MOR, n [L.] 1. Moisture; but the word is chiefly 
used to express the moisture or fluids of animal bodies, as 
the humors of the eye. 2. A disease of the skin ; cuta- 
neous eruptions. 3. Turn of mind ; temper ; disposition, 
or rather a peculiarity of disposition often temporary. 4. 
That quality of the imagination which gives to ideas a 
wild or fantastic turn, and tends to excite laughter or 
mirth by ludicrous images or representations. Humor is 
less poignant and brilliant than wit ; hence it is always | 
agreeable. Wit, directed against folly, often oflends by 
its severity ; humoi makes a man ashamed of his follies, 
withoutexciting his resentment. 5. Petulance; peevish- 
ness ; better expressed by ill-humor. 6. A trick ; a prac- 
tice or habit. 

* Hu'MOR, V. t. 1. To gratify by yielding to particular incli- 
nation, humor, wish or desire ; to indulge by compli- 
ance. 2. To suit ; to indulge ; to favor by imposing no 
restraint, and rather contributing to promote by occasional 
aids. 

* Hu'MOE.-AL, a. Pertaining to or proceeding from the hu- 

mors. Harvey. 

* HtJ-MORED, pp. Indulged ; favored. 

* Hu'MOR-ING, ^pr. Indulging a particular wish or pro- 
pensity; fa»voring; contributing to aid by falling into a 
design or course. 

* HtJ'MOE-IST, n. > 1. One who conducts himself by his 
own inclination, or bent of mind ; one who gratifies his 
own humor. 2. One that indulges humor in speaking or 
writing ; one who has a playful fancy or genius. 3. One 
who has odd conceits ; also, a wag ; a droll. 

* Hu'MOR-OUS, a. Containing humor ; full of wild or fan- 
ciful images ; adapted to excite laughter. 2. Having the 
power to speak or write in the style of humor ; fanciful ; 
playful ; exciting laughter. 3. Subject to be governed by 
humor or caprice ; irregular; capricious; whimsical,- \_obs.'\ 
4. Moist ; humid ; \_ohs.'] 

* HtJ'MOR-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With a wild or grotesque com- 
bination of ideas ; in a manner to excite laughter or mirth ; 
pleasantly; jocosely. 2. Capriciously; whimsically; in 
conformity with one's humor. 

* HtJ'MOR-OUS-NESS, n. 1. The state or quality of being 
humorous ; oddness of conceit ; jocularity. 2. Fickle- 
ness ; capriciousness. 3. Peevishness ; petulence. 

* HtJ'MOR-SoME, a. 1. Peevish ; petulant ; influenced by 
the humor of the moment. 2. Odd ; humorous ; adapted 
toexcite laughter. 

*Hu'M0R-S6ME-LY, adv. 1. Peevishly; petulantly. 2. 

Oddly.; humorously. 
HUMP, ra. \li.umbo.'] The protuberance formed by a crook- 
ed back. 
HUMP'BACK, 71. A crooked back ; high shoulders. 
HUMP'BACKED, a. Having a crooked back. 
HUNCH, n. 1. A hump; a protuberance. 2. A lump; a 

thick piece. JVew England. 3. A push or jerk with the 

fist or elbow. 
HUiVCH, V. t. 1. To push with the elbow ; to push or thrust 

with a sudden jerk. 2. To push out in a protuberance ; to 

crook the back. 
HUNCH'BACKED, a. Having a crooked back. 
*HUND'RED, a. [Sax. hund, or hwndred.] Denoting the 

product of ten multiplied by ten, or the number of ten 

times ten. 

* HUND'RED, n. 1. A collection, body or sum, consisting of 
ten times ten individuals or units ; the number 100. 2. 
A division or part of a county in England, supposed to 
have originally contained a hundred families, or a hundred 
warriors, or a hundred manors. 

HUND'RED-CoURT, n. In England, a court held for all 
the inhabitants of a hundred. Blackstone. 

HUND'RED-ER, to. 1. In England, a man who may be of a 
jury in any controversy respecting land within the hund- 
red ti which he belongs. 2. One having the jurisdiction 
of a hundred. 

HUNDREDTH, a. The ordinal of a hundred. 

HUNG, pret. and pp. of hang. 

UUNGA-R^-WA'TER, n. A distilled water prepared from 
th ; tops of flowers of rosemary ; so called from a queen of 
Hungary, for whose use it was first made. 

HUN'GER, 71. [Sax., G., Dan., Sw. hunger.] 1. An uneasy 
sensation occasioned by the want of food ; a craving of 
food by the stomach ; craving appetite. 2. Any strong or 
eager desire. 

HUiN GER, v.i. 1. To feel the pain or uneasiness which is 
occasioned by long abstinence from food ; to crave food. 
2. To desu:e with great eagerness ; to long for. 

t HUN'GER. V. t. To famish. 



HUN'GER-BIT, ) a. Pained, pinched or weakened by 

HUN'GER-BIT-TEN, \ hunger. 

HUN'GER-ING, ppr. Feeling the uneasiness of want of 

food ; desiring eagerly ; longing for ; craving. 
HUN'GER-LY, a. Hungry ; wanting food, Shak. 
HUN'GER-LY,a/iw. With keen appetite. \ Little used.] Shak 
HUN'GER-STARVED, a. Starved with hunger ; pinched 

by want of food. Dryden. 
t HUN'GRED, a. Hungry; pinched by want of food. 
HUNGRI-LY, adv. With keen appetite ; voraciously. Drtj- 

den. 
HUN'GRY, a. 1. Having a keen appetite ; feeling pain or 

uneasiness from want of food. 2. Having an eager desire. 

3. Lean ; emaciated, as if reduced by hunger. 4. Not 
rich or fertile ; poor ; barren ; requiring substances to en- 
rich itself. 

HUNKS, n. A covetous, sordid man ; a miser ; a niggard. 

HUNS, n. [L. Hwnii.] The Scythians who conquered Pan- 
nonia, and gave it its present name, Hungary. 

HUNT, V. t. [Sax. huntian.] 1. To chase wild animals, par- 
ticularly quadrupeds, for the purpose of catching them for 
food, or for the diversion of sportsmen ; to pursue with 
hounds for taking, as game. 2. To go in search of, for 
the purpose of shooting. 3. To pursue; to follow closely. 

4. I'o use, direct or manage hounds in the chase. — To hunt 
out or after, to seek ; to search for. Locke. — To hunt fr amy 
to pursue and drive out or away. — To hunt down, to de- 
press ; to bear down by persecution or violence. 

HUNT, V. i. 1. To follow the chase. 2. To seek wild ani- 
mals for game, or for killing them by shooting when nox- 
ious. 3. To seek by close pursuit ; to search. 

HUNT, n. 1. A chase of wild animals for catching them 
2. A huntsman ; [obs.] 3. A pack of hounds. 4. Pursuit ; 
chase. 5. A seeking of wild animals of any kind for 
game. 

HUNT'ED, pp. Chased ; pursued ; sought. 

HUNT'ER, n. I. One who pursues wild animals with a 
, view to take them, either for sport or for food. 2. A dog 
that scents game, or is employed in the chase. 3. A 
horse used in the chase. 

HUNT'ING, ppr. Chasing for seizure ; pursuing ; seeking ; 
searching. 

HUNT'ING, 71. 1. The act or practice of pursuing wild ani- 
mals, for catching or killing them. 2. A pui-suit ; a seek- 
ing. 

HUNT'ING-HORN, n. A bugle ; a horn used to cheer the 
hounds in pursuit of game. 

HUNT'ING-HORSE, } n. A horse used in hunting. But- 

HUNT'ING-NAG, $ ler. 

HUNT'ING-SeAT, 71. A temporary residence for the pur- 
pose of hunting. Gray. 

HUNT'RESS, 71. A female that follows the chase. 

HUNTS'MAN, n. 1. One who practices hunting. 2. The 
servant whose office it is to manage the chase. 

KUNTS'MAN-SHIP, 71. The art or practice of hunting. 

HUR'DEN, 71. A coarse kind of linen. {Local, or obs.] 

HUR'DLE, n. [Sax. hyrdel.] I. A texture of twigs, osiers 
or sticks ; a crate of various forms, according to its desti- 
nation. — 2. In fortification, a collection of tv/igs or sticks 
interwoven closely and sustained by long stakes. — 3. In 
husbandry, a frame of split timber or sticks wattled 
together, serving for gates, inclosures, &c. 

HUR DLE, V. t. To make up, hedge, cover, or close with 
hurdles. Seicard. 

KURDS, 71. The coarse part of flax or hemp. See Hards. 

HUR'DY-GUR'DY, n. An instrument of music, said to 
be used in the streets of London. 

HURL, V. t. [Arm. harlua.] 1. To throw with violence , 
to drive with great force. 2. To utter with vehemence ; 
[not in use.] 3. To play at a kind of game. 

HURL, V. i. To move rapidly ; to whirl. Thomson. 

HURL, 71. 1. The act of throwing with violence. 2. Tu- 
mult ; riot; commotion. Knolles. 

HURL'BAT, 71. A whirl-bat ; an old kind of weapon. 

HURL BONE, n. In a horse, a bone near the middle of 
the buttock. Encyc. 

HURLED, pp. Thrown with violence. 

HURL'ER, n. One who hurls, or who plays at hurling. 

HURL'ING, ppr. Throwing with force ; playing at hurling. 

HURL'WIND, n. A whirlwind, which see. Sandys. 

HURL'Y, ) 71. [Dan. hurl om burl ; Fr. hurlu- 

HURL'Y-BURL-Y, \ burlu.] Tumult ; bustle ; confusion 
Shak. 

HU^ rXH' ' ( exclam. Hoora ; huzza. See Hoora. 

HUR'R1-€ANE, n. [Sp. huracan, for fur ac an.] 1. A most 
violent storm of wind. 2. Any violent tempest. 

HUR'RIED, pp. Hastened ; urged or impelled to rapid mo- 
tion or vigorous action. 

HUR'RI-ER, n. One who hurries, urges or impels. 

HUR'RY, 7J. t. [L.curro; Fr. courir.] 1. To hasten; to 
impel to greater speed ; to drive or press forward with 
more rapidity ; to urge to act or proceed with more celer- 
ity. 2. To drive or impel with violence. 3. To urge or 



See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, f, long — FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— j Obsolete. 



HUS 



423 



HYD 



drive with precipitation and confusion 5 for confusion is 
often caused by hurry. — To hurry away, to drive or carry 
away in haste. 

HUR'HY, V. i. To move or act with haste ; to proceed with 
celerity or precipitation. 

HUR'RY, 71. 1. A driving or pressing forward in motion ox 
business. 2. Pressure ; urgency to haste. 3. Precipita- 
tion that occasions disorder or confusion. 4. Tumult j bus- 
tle 3 commotion. 

HUR'RY-ING , fpr Driving or urging to greater speed ; pre- 
cipitating. 

HUR'RY-SKUR'RY, adv. Confusedly ; in a bustle. 

HURST, n. [Sax. hurst, or hyrst.] A wood or grove. 

HURT, v. t. ; pret. and pp. hurt. [Sax. hjjrt.] 1. To bruise ; 
to give pain by a contusion, pressure, or any violence to 
the body. 2. To wound ; to injure or impair the sound 
state of the body, as by incision or fracture. 3. To harm ; 
to damage ; to injui-e by occasioning loss. 4. To injure by 
diminution ; to impair. 5. To injure by reducing in qual- 
ity ; to impair the strength, purity or beauty of. 6. To 
harm J to injure ; to damage, in general. 7. To wound j 
to injure ; to give pain to. 

HURT, M. 1. A wound ; a bruise ; any thing that gives pain 
to the body. 2. Harm; mischief; injury. 3. Injury; 
loss. 

HURT'ER, n. One who hurts or does hajm. 

HURT'ERS, 71. Pieces of wood at the lower end of a plat- 
form, to prevent the wheels of gun-carriages from injur- 
ing the parapet. 

HURT'FUL, a. Injurious; mischievous; occasioning loss 
or destruction ; tending to impair or destroy. 

HURT'FUL-LY, adv. Injuriously ; mischievously. 

HURT'FJJL-NESS, 71. Injuriousness; tendency to occasion 
loss or destruction ; mischievousness. 

I HUR'TLE, V. i. [from hurt.] To clash or run against ; to 
jostle ; to skirmish ; to meet in shock and encounter ; to 
wheel suddenly. 

j HUR'TLE, V. t. 1. To move with violence or impetuosity. 
Spenser. 2. To push forcibly ; to whirl. 

HUR'TLE-BER-RY, n. A whortleberry, which see. 

HURT'LESS, a. 1. Harmless; innocent; doing no injury ; 
innoxious. 2. Receiving no injury. 

HURT'LESS-LY, adv. Without harm. [Little used.] 

HURT'LESS-NESS, n. Freedom from any harmful qual- 
ity. [Little used.] Johnson. 

HUS'BAND, n. [Sax. husbonda.] 1. A man contracted or 
joined to a woman by marriage. A man to whom a wo- 
man is betrothed. — 2. In seamen^s language, tlie owner 
of a ship who manages its concerns in person. 3. The 
male of animals of a lower order. 4. An economist ; a 
good manager ; a man who knows and practices the meth- 
ods of frugaUty and profit. 5. A farmer ; a cultivator ; 
a tiller of the ground. 

HUS'BAND, V. t. 1. To direct and manage with frugality 
in expending any thing; to use with economy. 2. To 
till ; to cultivate with good management. 3. To supply 
with a husband ; [little used.] 

HUS'BAND- A-BLE, a. Manageable with economy. 

HUS'BAND-ED, pp. Used or managed with economy ; 
well-managed. 

HUS'B AND-ING, ppr. Using or managing with frugality. 

HUS'BAND-LESS, a. Destitute of a husband. 

HUS'BAND-LY, a. Frugal ; thrifty. [Little used.] 

HUS'BAND-MAN, n. 1. A farmer; a cultivator or tiller of 
the groimd ; one who labors in tillage. 2. The master 
of a family. Chaucer. 

HUS'BAND-RY, 71. 1. The business of a farmer. 2. Fru- 
gality ; domestic economy ; good management ; thrift. 
3. Care of domestic affairs. 

HUSH, a. [G. husch.] Silent ; still ; quiet ; as, they are 
hush as death. 

HUSH, V. t. 1. To still ; to silence ; to calm ; to make quiet ; 
to repress noise. Shak. 2. To appease ; to allay ; to 
calm.- 

HUSH, V. i. To be still ; to be silent. Spenser. 

HUSH, imperative of the verb, used as an exclamation, be 
still ; be silent or quiet ; make no noise — To hush up to 
suppress ; to keep concealed. Pope. 

HUSH'MoN-EY, n. A bribe to secure silence ; money paid 
to hinder information, or disclosure of facts. 

HUSK, 71. [qu. W. gwisg.] The external covering of cer- 
tain fruits or seeds of plants. 

HUSK, V. t. To strip off the external integument or cover- 
ing of the fruits or seeds of plants. 

HUSKED, pp. 1. Stripped of its husks. 2. a. Covered with 

HUSK'I-NESS, n. The state of being dry and rough, like 

HUSK'ING, ppr. Stripping off husks. 

HUSKTNG, 71. The act of stripping off husks. 

HUSK'Y, a. 1. Aboundingwith husks ; consisting of husks. 

2. Resembling husks ; dry ; rough. 3. Rough, as sound ; 

harsh ; whizzi'ig. 
HCSO, n. A fish of the genus accipenser. 



HUS-SAR', n. [Tartar, uswar.] A mounted soldier, or 
horseman, in German cavalry. 

HUSS'ITE, 71. A follower of John Huss, the reformer. 

HUSS'Y, n. [contracted from huswife, housewife.] 1. A 
bad or worthless woman. 2. An economist; a thrifty 
woman. Tusser. 

HUS'TINGS, n. [Sax. hustinge.] 1. A court held in Guild- 
hall, in London, before the lord mayor and aldermen of 
the city; the supreme court or council of the city. 2. 
The place where an election of a member of parliament is 
held. Burke. 

HUS'TLE, (hus'l) v. i. [D. hutsclen.] To shake together 
in confusion ; to push or crowd. To shrug up the shoul- 
ders. Grose. 

* HUS'WIFE, n. 1. A worthless woman. [See Hussy. J 
Shak. 2. A female economist ; a thrifty woman. Shak. 

* HUS'WIFE, V. t. To manage with economy and frugality. 
* IIUS'WIFE-LY, a. Thrifty; frugal; becoming a house- 
wife. Tusser. 

* HUS'WIFE-LY, adv. Thriftily ; like a good huswife or 
husband. 

* HUS'WIFE- RY", 71. The business of managing the con- 
cerns of a family by a female ; female management. 

HUT, n. [G. Mitte ; D. hut.] A small house, hovel or cabin ; 
a mean lodge or dwelling ; a cottage. 

HUT, V. t. To place in huts, as troops encEiraped in winter 
quarters. Smollett. 

HUT, V. i. To take lodgings in huts. T. Pickering. 

HUT'TED, pp. Lodged in huts. Mitford. 

HUT'TING, ppr. Placing in huts ; taking lodgings in huts. 

HUTCH, 71. [Fr. huchc.] 1. A chest or box ; a corn-chest or 
bin ; a case for rabbits. Mortimer. 2. A rat-trap. 

HUTCH, V. t. To hoard ; to lay up as in a chest. Milton. 

HUTCH-IN-Sp'NI-AN, n. A follower of the opinions of 
John Hutchinson, of Yorkshire, England. 

HUX, V. t. To fish for pike with hooks and lines fastened 
to floating bladders. Encyc. 

t HUZZ, V. i. To buzz. Barret. 

HUZ-ZA', n. A shout of joy ; a foreign word, used in writ- 
ing only, and most preposterously, as it is never used in 
practice. The word used is our native word hoora, or 
hooraw. See Hoora. 

HUZ-Za', v. i. To utter a loud shout of joy, or an acclama- 
tion in joy or praise. . 

HUZ-ZA', V. t. To receive or attend with shouts of joy. 

HY'A-CINTH, n. [L. hyacinthus.] 1. In botany, a genus 
of plants, of several species. — 2. In mineralogy, a mineral, 
a varietv of zircon. 

HY-A-CINTH'INE, a. Made of hyacinth ; consisting of hy- 
acinth; resembling hyacinth. Milton. 

Hy'ADS, n. [Gr. vaSes.] In astronomy , a cluster of seven 
stars in the Bull's head, supposed by tlie ancients to bring 
rain. 

II^'A-LiNE, ffl. [Gr. va\ivog,] Glassy ; resembling glass , 
consisting of glass. Milton. 

Hl''A-5iITE, n. [Gr. iiaXos.] Muller's glass. 

H^'BER-NA-CLE, ) ( Hibernacle, 

HY'BER-NATE, S See ) Hibernate, 

HY-BEU-Na'TION. ) ( Hibernation. 

HYBRID, 71. [1.. fiybrida.] A mongrel or mule ; an animal 
or plant, produced from the mixture of two species. Lee. 

HY 'BRID, ) a. Mongrel ; produced from the mixture 

HyB'RI-DOUS, ^ of two species. 

Hy'DAGE, n. In law, a tax on lands, at a certain rate by the 
hide. Blackstone. 

HY'DA-TID, 

HY'DA-TIS, 
of the body, as in dropsy. 

HY'DRA, 71. [L. hydra.] 1. A water serpent.— In /aJaZows 
history, a serpent or monster, represented as having many 
heads, slain by Hercules. 2. A technical name of a genus 
of zoojyhytes, called polypus, or polypuses. 3. A southern 
constellation, containing 60 stars. 

HY-DRAC'ID, a. [Gr. v6w(,, and acid.] An acid formed by 
the union of hydrogen with a substance without oxygen. 

HyDRA-GOGUE, (hi'dra-gog) n. [Gr. vSpaywyos.] A 
medicine that occasions a discharge of watery humors. 

HY-DRAN'6E-A, n. [Gr. vSwp and ayyeiov.] A plant. 

HY'DRANT, n. [Gr. vSpaivu).] A pipe or' machine, by 
which water is raised and discharged. 

HY-DRAR'6IL-LITE, n. [Gr. vSup and apyiWog.] A min- 
eral, called also wavelUte. 

H1?'DRATE, n. [Gr. v^wp.] In chemistry, a compound in 
definite proportions, of a metallic oxyd with water. 

HY-DRAUL'I€, \ a. [Fr. hydraulique ; L. hydrauUcus.] 

HY DRAUL'I-€AL, ) 1. Relating to the conveyance of 
water through pipes. 2. Transmitting water through 
pipes. 

H^-DRAUL'I€S, n. The science of the motion and force 
of fluids, and of the construction of all kinds of instru- 
ments and machines by which the force of fluids is appli- 
ed to practical purposes ; a branch of hydrostatics. 



), ) n. [Gr. vSaris.] A little transparent vesicle 
5, \ or bladder filled with water, on any part 



« See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK. D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in «Aw f Obsolete. 



i 



HYD 



424 



HYP 



H5'-DREN'TE-RO-CELE, n. fGr. U(op^ evrcpov and k??X>7.] 
A dropsy of the scrotum with rupture. 

HYD-RI-OD'ie, a. [hijdrogen and iodic] Denoting a pe- 
culiar acid or gaseous substance. 

HyD'RI-O-DATE, 71. A salt formed by the hydriodic acid 
with a base. De Claubry. 

HY-DRO-€AR'BO-NATEj n. [hydrogen, and L. carbo.] Car- 
bureted hydrogen gas. 

Hy-DRO-€aR'BU-RET, n. Carbureted hydrogen. 

HY'DRO-CELE, m. [Gr. iJpoKjjX??.] Any hernia proceed- 
ing from water ; a watery tmnor, particularly one in the 
scrotum. A dropsy of the scrotum. 

HY-DRO-CEPH'A-LUS, n. [Gr. vduip and KE^aXrj.] Drop- 
sy of the head. Coxe. -^ 

Hy-DRO CHLO'RATE, n. A compound of hydrochloric 
acid and a base ; a muriate. Journ. ofyScience. 

HY-DRO-€HLo'Rie, a. Hydrochloric acid is muriatic acid 
gas. Webster's Manual. 

Hy-DRO-€y'A-NATE, n. Prussiate ; cyanuret. 

HY-DRO-CY-AN'I€, a. [hydrogen, and Gr. Kvavog.] The 
hydrocyanic acid is the same as the prussic acid. 

HY-DRO-DY-NAM'I€, a. [Gr. v6o)p and SvvaiJis.] Per- 
taining to the force or pressure of water. 

HY-DRO-DY-NAM'I€S, n. That branch of natural philos- 
ophy which treats of the phenomena of water and other 
fluids. 

HY-DRO-FLu'ATE, n. A compound of hydrofluoric acid 
and a base. 

HlZ^-DRO-FHJ-OR'I€, a. [Gr. v^ap, and h.jluor.] Consist- 
ing of fluorin and hydrogen. 

HY'DRO-GEN, 71. [Gr. vSiap and yewaw.J In chemistry, a 
gas which constitutes one of the elements of water. 

Hy'DRO-GE-NATE, v. t. To combine hydrogen with any 
tiling. 

HY'DR0-6E-NA-TED, pp. In combination with hydro- 
gen. 

HY'DR0-6E-NiZE, v. t. To combine with hydrogen. 

H?'DR0-6E-NlZED,pi?. Combined with hydrogen. 

Hy'DRO-GE-NIZ-ING, ppr. Combining with hydrogen. 

HY-DROG'RA-PHER, 71. One who draws maps of the sea, 
lakes or other Waters ; one who describes tlie sea or other 
waters. 

Hy-DRO-GRAPH'I€, ) a. Relating to or containing a 

HY-DRO-GRAPH'I-CAL, I description of the sea, sea 
coast, isles, shoals, depth of water, &c., or of a lake. 

HY-DROG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. vSwp and ypacpo).] The art 
of measuring and describing the sea, lakes, rivers and 
other waters ; or the art of forming charts of the sea. 

HY-DROG'U-RET, n. A compound of hydrogen with a 

Hy-DROG'U-RET-ED, a. Denoting a compound of hydro- 
gen with a base. 

.^Y'DRO-LITE, n. [Gr. vS<j)p and Xidos-] A mineral. 

aY-DR0-L06'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to hydrology. 

HY-DR0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. x)So)p and 'koyog.] The science 
of water, its properties and phenomena. 

Hy'DRO-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. v6(j}p and ixavreia.] A method 
of divination by water. 

HY-DR0-MAN'TI€, a. Pertaining to divination by wa- 
ter. 

Hy'DRO-MEL, n. [Fr. ; Gr. hSwp and ixe^i.] A liquor 
consisting of honey diluted in water. 

HY-DROM'E-TER, n. An instrument to measure the grav- 
ity, density, velocity, force, &c. of water and other fluids, 
and the strength of spirituous liquors. 

Hy-DRO-MET'RI€, ) a. 1. Pertaining to a hydrometer, 

HY-DR0-MET'RI-€AL, \ or to the measurement of the 
gravity, &c. of fluids. 2. Made by a hydrometer. 

HY-DROM'E-TRY, 71. [Gr. v5o)p and nerpov.] The art of 
measuring the gravity, density, velocity, force, &c. of 
fluids, and the strength of rectified spirits. 

HY-DRO-OX'YD, 71. [Gr. vSujp, and oxyd.] A metallic oxyd 
combined with water ; a metallic hydrate. 

HY'DRO-PHANE, n. [Gr. vSojp and (paivo).] In mineralo- 
gy, a variety of opal made transparent by immersion in 
water. Kirwan. 

HY-DROPH'A-NOUS, a. Made transparent by immersion 
in water. Kirwan. 

* llY-DRO-PHo'BI-A, ) n. [Gr. v5wp and foPeoixai.] A pre- 

H?'DR0-PH0-BY, ) ternatural dread of water; a 
symptom of canine madness, or the disease itself, which 
is thus denominated. 

HY-DRO-PHo'BI€, a. Pertaining to a dread of water, or 
canine madness. Med. Repos. 

HY-DR0P'I€, I a. [L. hydrops ; Gr. vSpcoip.] 1. Drop- 

Hy-DROP'I-€AL, \ sical ; diseased with extravasated 
water. 2. Containing water ; caused by extravasated 
water. 3. Resembling dropsy. Tillotson. 

HY-DRO-PNEU-MAT'ie, (hy-dro-nu-mat'ik) a. [Gr. vSu)p 
and nvevixarf.og.l An epithet given to a vessel of water, 
with other apparatus for chemical experiments. 



H?'DROP-SY. See Dropsy. 

HYTRO-SCOPE, n. [Gr. v6(op and CKoireo).] A kind of 
water clock. 

HY-DRO-STATaC, ) a. [Gr. Um and aranKos.] Re- 

HY-DRO-STAT'I-CAL, \ lating to the science of weigh- 
ing fluids, or hydrostatics. 

HY-DRO-STAT'I-€AL-LY, adv. According to hydrostatics, 
or to hydrostatic principles. Bentley. 

HY-DR0-STAT'I€S, n. The science which treats of the 
weight, motion, and equilibriums of fluids. 

HY-DRO-SULPH'ATE, n. The same as hydrosulphu- 

HY-DRO-SULPH'U-RET, 76. A combination of sulphureted 
hydrogen with an earth, alkali or metallic oxyd. 

HY-DRO-SULPH'U-RET-ED, a. Combined with sulphu- 
reted hydrogen. 

HY-DRO-THo'RAX, n. [Gr. vSujp and 6(upa|.] Dropsy in 
the chest. Coxe. 

HY-DROT'I€, a. [Gr. v5(op.] Causing a discharge of 
water. 

HY-DR0T'I€, n. A medicine tliat purges ofi" water. 

HY-DROX-AN'THATE, n. [Gr. h5u)p and lavScos.] In 
chemistry, a compound of hydroxanthic acid with a 
base. 

IlY-DROX-AN'THI€, a. An acid, formed by the action of 
alkalies on the bisulphuret of carbon. 

Hy'DRU-RET, 71. A combination of hydrogen with sulphur, 
or of sulphur and sulphureted hydrogen. 

HY'DRUS, n. [Gr. iiowp.] A water snake. 

HY-e'MAL, a. [L. hiems.] Belonging to winter j done in 
wmter. 

t PIy'E-MATE, v. i. To winter at a place. 

HY-E-Ma'TION, n. [L. Memo.] The passing or spending 
of a winter in a particular place. 

HY-E'NA, n. [L. hycena.} A quadruped. 

HY-GROM'E-TER, n. [Gr. vypos and yLirpov.] An 
instrument for measuring the moisture of the at- 
mosphere 

HY-GR0-MET'RI-€AL, a. Pertaining to hygrometry ; 
made by or according to the hygrometer. 

Hy-GROM'E-TRY, n. The act or art of measuring the 
moisture of the air. 

Hy'GRO-SCOPE, 71. [Gr. vypog and (rxoirea).] The same 
as hygrometer. 

HY-GRO-SeOP'I€, a. Pertaining to the hygroscope. 

HY-GR0-STAT'I€S, n. [Gr. vypog and oTari/o?.] The sci- 
ence of comparing degrees of moisture. 

HYKE, 71. [Ar.] A blanket or loose garment. 

HY-LAR'CHI-CAL, a. [Gr. v\ri and apxv-l Presiding over 
matter. Hallywell. 

HY-LO-Zo'I€, n. [Gr. v\r) and ^w»7.] One who holds mat- 
ter to be animated. Clarke. 

HYM, n. A species of dog. Q,u. Shdk. 

Hy'MEN, 71. [L.] 1. \n ancient mythology, aiah\i\o\xsAeity 
supposed to preside over marriages.— 2. In anatomy, tlie 
virginal membrane.— 3. In botany, the fine pellicle which 
incloses a flower in the bud* 

*hI-ME:n|an;!«- pertaining to marriage. Pope. 

HY'ME-NOP-TER, ) 71. [Gr. xmrjv and ■nrepov.'] In ento- 

HY-ME-NOP'TE-RA, \ mology, the hymenopters are an 
order of insects. 

HY-ME-NOP'TE-RAL, a. Having four membranous 
wings. 

HYMN, (him) n. [L. hymnus.'] A song or ode in honor of 
God, and, among pagans, in honor of some deity. 

HYMN, (him) 7). i. f. To praise in song; to worship by 
singing hymns. Milton. 2. To sing; to celebxate in 
song. 

HYMN, (him) v. i. To sing in praise or adoration. 

HYMNED, (himd) pp. Sung; praised; celebrated in 
song. 

HYMN'ING, (him'ing) ppr. Praising in song; sing- 
ing. 

HYM'NIC, a. Relating to hymns. Donne. 

HYM-NOL'O-GIST, 77. A composer of hymns. 

HYM-NOL'0-GY, n. [Gr. v[jivos and \oyos.] A collection 
of hymns. Mede. 

HY-OS-CI-a'MA, 71, A vegetable alkali. Ure. 

HYP, 7!. [a contraction of hypochondria.] A disease ; de- 
pression of spirits. 

HYP, V. t. To make melancholy ; to depress the spirits. 
Spectator. 

H"?-PAL'LA-6E, n. [Gr. vTraXXay??.] In grammar, a fig- 
ure consisting of a mutual change of cases. 

HY-PAS'PIST, 71. [Gr. {iTrao-Trttrr???.] A soldier in the ar- 
mies of Greece, armed in a particular manner. 

H^TER, 1. Gr. {iTTEp, Eng. over, is used in composition to 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PiN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. 



HYP 



425 



HYR 



denote excess, or something over, or beyond. 2. n. A 
hyi)ercritic ; [not used.] Prior. 

HY-PB-RAS'PIST, n. [Gr. vTiEpaaTnarrjs.] A defender. 

HY-PER'BA-TON, I n. [Gr. vnep(iaTov.] In grammar, a 

Hy'PER-BATE, \ figurative construction, inverting 
the natural and proper order of words and sentences. 

H Y-PER'BO-LA, n. [Gr. virep and jSaXAw.] In conic sections 
and geometry, a section of a cone, w^hen the cutting plane 
makf^s a greater angle with the base than the side of the 
cone .nakes. Webber. 

HY-PER'BO-LE, n. [Fr. hyperbole; Gr. wirepjSoX??.] In 
rhetoric, a figure of speech wliich expresses much more 
or less than the truth, or which represents things 
much greater or less, better or worse, ihan they really 
are. 

HY-PER-BOL'ie, ; n. 1. Belonging to the hyperbola ; 

HY-PER-B0L'I-€AL, \ having the nature of the hyper- 
bola. 2. Relating to or containing hyperbole ; exagge- 
rating or diminishing beyond the factj exceeding the 
truth. 

Hy-PER-BOL'I-€AIrLY. adv. 1. In the form of a hyperbola. 
2. With exaggeration ; 'in a manner to express more or 
less than the truth. 

HY-PER-BOL'I-PORM, a. Having the form or nearly the 
form of a hyperbola. 

Hy-PER'BO-LJST, n. One who uses hyperboles. 

Hy-PER'BO-LiZE, v. i. To speak with exaggeration. 

HY-PER'BO-LiZE, v. t. To exaggerate or extenuate. 

IIY-PER'BO-LOID, n. [hyperbola, and Gr. ei6os.] A hy- 
perbolic conoid. 

Hy-PER-Bo'RE-AN, a. [L. Mjperboreus.] 1. Northern 5 
belonging to or inhabiting a region very far north ; most 
northern. 2. Very cold ; frigid. 

HY-PER-Bo'RE-.\N, n. An inhabitant of the most north- 
ern region of the earth. 

liY-PER-eAR'BU-RET-ED, a. Supercarbureted ; having 
the largest proportion of carbon. Silliman. 

HY-PER-€AT-A-LE€'TI€, a. [Gr. vnepKaTa^rjKTiKos.] A 
hypercatalectic verse, in Oreek and Latin poetry, is a verse 
which has a syllable or two beyond the regular and just 
measure. 

HY-PER-€RIT'I€, n. [Fr. hjpercritique.] One who is crit- 
ical beyond measure or reason ; an over-rigid critic ; a 
captious censor. 

HY-PER-€RIT'I€, I a. 1. Over-critical ; critical beyond 

IlY-PER-eRIT'I-€AL, ) use or reason ; animadverting 
on faults with unjust severity. Swift. ^ 2. Excessively 
nice or exact. 

HY-PER-eRIT'I-CISM, n. Excessive rigor of criticism. 

HY-PER-DtJ'LI-A, n. [Gr. vnep and 6ov\eta.] Super-service 
in the Romish church, performed to the virgin Mary. 

HY-PER'I-eON, n. John's wort. Stukely. 

HY-PER'ME-TER, n. [Gr. vmp and jjierpov.] Any thing 
greater than the ordinary standard of measure. 

HY-PER-MET'RI-€AL, a. Exceeding the common meas- 
ure ; having a redundant syllable. 

Hy-PER-OX'YD, a. [Gr. vnep, and oxyd.] Acute to excess, 
as a crystal. Cleaveland. 

Hy-PER-OX'Y-GE-NA-TED, I a. Super-satm-ated with ox- 

HY-PER-0X'Y-6E-NlZED, \ ygen. 

Hy-PER-OX-Y-Mu'RI-ATE, n. The same as chlorate. 

H Y-PER-OX-Y-MU-RI-AT'I€, a. The hyperoxymuriatic acid 
is the chloric acid. 

HY-PER-PHYS'I-GAL, a. Supernatural. 

HY-PER-SAR-€0'SIS, n. [Gr. vtiepaa^Kmis.'] The grov^h 
of fungous or proud flesh. 

Hy'PER-STENE, ) n. A mineral, Labrador hornblend, 

HY'PER-STHENE, S or schillerspar. 

IlY'PHEN, n. [Gr. i^ev.] A mark or short line made be- 
tween two words to show that they form a compound 
word, or are to be connected ; as in pre-occupied. 

HYP-N0T'I€, a. [Gr. vnvos.] Having the quality of pro- 
ducing sleep 5 tending to produce sleep 3 narcotic; sopo- 
rific. 

HYP-NOT'ie, n. A medicine that produces, or tends to pro- 
duce sleep ; an opiate ; a narcotic ; a soporific. 

HY'PO, a Greek preposition, vno, under, beneath ; used in 
composition. Thus, hyposulphuric acid is an acid contain- 
ing less oxygen than sulphuric acid. 

FlY-POB'0-LE, n. [Gr. vno and jSaXXw.] In rhetoric, a 
figure in which several things are mentioned that seem 
to make against the argument or in favor of the opposite 
side, anjd each of them is refuted in order. 

HYP'O-eAUST, n. [Gr. vnoKavaTov.] 1. Among the Oreelcs 
and Romans, a subterraneous place where was a furnace 
to heat baths. 2. Among the modems, the place where a 
fire is kept to warm a stove or a hot-house. 

HYP-0-€H0N'DRES, 

HYP-0-€HON' DRY. 

HYP-0-€HON DRI-A, n plu. [Gr, from vno and ;;^oi/5po?.] 
1. In anatomy, the sides of the belly under the cartilages 



See Hypochondria. 



of the spurious ribs ; the spaces on each side of the epi- 
gastric legion. 2. Hypochondriac complaints. 

*HYP-0-€HON'DRI-A€, a. 1. Pertaining to thehypochow- 
dria, or the parts of the body so called, 2, Aftected by 
a disease, attended with debiliiy, depression of spirits 
or melancholy. 3. Producing melancholy or low spirits 

* HYP-0-eHON'DRI-A€, n. A person affected with debili- 
ty, lowness of spirits or melancholy. 

HYP-0-€HON-DRl'A-€AL, a. The same as hypochondriac. 

HYP-0-€HON-DRI'A-ClSM, n. A disease of men, charac- 
terized by languor or debility, depression of spirits or 
melancholy, with dyspepsy. 

HYP-0-€HON-DRl'A-StS, n. Hypochondriacism. 

HYP'O-CIST, n. [Gr, Ikokigth.'] An inspissated juice ob- 
tained from the sessile asarum. 

HY-P0-€RA-TER'I-F0RM, a. [Gr. iiTro, Kparrip, and form J 
Salver-shaped ; tubular at top. 

HY-PO€'RI-SY, n. [Fr. hypocrisie ,• L, hypocrisis ; Gr, vnoK 
picris.] 1, Simulation ; a feigning to be what one is not ; 
or dissimulation, a coi*cealment of one's real character 
or motives ; a counterfeiting of religion, 2. Simulation ; 
deceitful appearance ; false pretense , 

HYP'0-€RiTE, ri, [Fr. hypocrite; Gr. hnoKpirE^.] 1. One 
who feigns to be what he is not; one who has the 
form of godliness without the power, or who assumes an 
appearance of piety and virtue, when he is destitute of 
true religion, 2, A dissembler ;' one who assumes a 
false appearance. 

HYP-0-€RIT'I€, ) a. 1, Simulating ; counterfeiting a 

HYP-0-€RIT'I-€AL, \ religious character; assuming a 
false and deceitful appearance, 2. Dissembling; con- 
cealing one's real character or motives. 3. Proceeding 
from hypocrisy, or marking hypocrisy. 

HYP-0-€RIT'I €AL-LY,adt7. With simulation ; with a false 
appearance of what is good ; falsely; without sincerity. 

HY-P0-GAS'TRI€, a. [Gr, iiro and yaarw.] 1, Relating 
to the hypogastrium, or middle part of the lower region of 
the belly, 2, An appellation given to the internal branch 
of the iliac artery. » 

HY-PO-GAS'TRO-CELE, n. [Gr, vnoyaaToiov and /cr/X;?.] 
A hernia or rupture of the lower belly. Coxe. 

HY-PO-6e'UM, 71. [Gr. vno and yata.] A name given by 
ancient architects to all the parts of a building which 
were under ground. 

HY-P06'Y-N0US, a. [Gr. vno and yvvri.] A term applied 
to plants that have thek corols and stamens inserted un- 
der the pistil. 

HY-PO-PHOS'PHO-ROUS, a. The hypophosphorous acid 
contains less oxygen than the phosphorous. 

HY-PO-PHOS'PHITE, n. A compound of hypophosphorous 
acid and a salifiable base. Ure. 

HY-POS'TA-SIS, ) n. [L. hypostasis.] Properly, subsist- 

HY-POS'TA-SY, ) ence or substance. Hence it is used 
to denote distinct substance, or subsistence of the Father, 
Son and Holy Spirit, in the Godhead, called by the 
Greek Christians, three hypostases. 

HY-PO-STAT'I€, \ a. 1. Relating to hypostasis; con- 

HY-P0-STAT'I-€AL, \ stitutive. 2, Personal, or distinct- 
ly personal ; or constituting a distinct substance, 

HY-P0-STAT'I-€AL-LY, adv. Personally, 

HY-PO-SUL'PHATE, n. A compound of hyposulphuric 
acid and abase. 

HY-PO-SUL'PHITE, n. A compound of hyposulphurous 
acid and a salifiable base. 

HY-P0-SUL'PHU-RI€, or HY-PO-SUL-PHuRI€, a. Hy- 
posulphuric acid is an acid combination of sulphur and 
oxygen. 

HY-PO-SUL'PHU-ROUS, a. Hyposulphurous acid is an 
acid containing less oxygen than sulphurous acid. 

HY-POT'E-NUSE, n. [Gr. vnoTtivovaa.] In geometry, the 
subtense or longest side of a right-angled triangle, or the 
line that subtends the right angle, 

HY-P0TH'E-€ATE, v.t. [L. hypotheca.] ], To pledge, 
and, properly, to pledge the keel of a ship. 2,. To pledge, 
as goods, 

HY-P0TH'E-eA-TED,iJi7. Pledged, as security for money, 
borrowed. 

HY-POTHE-€A-TmG, ppr. Pledging as security. 

HY-POTH-E-€a'TION, n. The act of pledging, 

Hy-POTH'E-€A-TOR, n. One who pledges a ship or other 
property, as security for the repayment oi money borrow- 
ed. Judge Johnson. 

HY-POTfl'E-SIS, ??,, [li,] I, A supposition; something 
not proved, but assumed for the purpose of argument, 
2, A system or theory imagined or assumed to account 
for what is not understood. 

HY-PO-THET'ie, \ a. Including a supposition; con- 

HY-P0-THET'I-€AL, S ditional ; assumed without proof, 
for the purpose of reasoning and deducing proof. 

HY-P0-THET'I-€AL-LY, adv. By way of supposition 

HYRSE, (hurs) n. [G. hirse.] Millet. 

HYRST, 71. A wood. See Hurst. 



* SeeSyK':psis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE 5— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J 3 ffi as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this. ^Obsolete 



ICH 



426 



IDE 



HY SOU, n. A species of green tea from China. 
* H YS'SOP, I /T,T,„„„>, <j n. [L. kyssoptts.] A plant, or genus 
HY'SOP, jCHi'sup) I of plants. J ^ ' ^ 
HYS-TER'I€, I a. [Ft. fiysteriqiie.] Disordered in the 
HYS-TEIl'I-€AL, i region of the womb ; troubled with 

fits or nervous affections. 
HYS-TER'r€S, n. A disease of women, proceeding from 
the womb, a. d characterized by fits or spsismodic affec- 
tions of the nervous system. 



HYS'TER-0-CELE, n. [Gr. harepa and Kti^t].] A species 

of hernia, caused by a displacement of the womb. A 

rupture containing the uterus. 
HYS'TE-RON PROT'E-RON, n. [Gr. varepov and JtpoTE- 

pov.] A rhetorical figure, when that is said last which 

was done first. 
HYS-TE-ROT'O-MY, n. [Gr. voTepa and tout].] In ^rge- 

rv, tlie Cesarean section. 
H-2THE, n. A port. See Hithe. 



Iis tlie ninth letter, and the third vowel, of the English 
Alphabet. This vowel in French, and in most Europe- 
an languages, has the long fine sound which we express 
by e in jne, or ee in seen, meek. This sound we retain 
in some foreign words which are naturalized in our lan- 
guage, as in machine, intrigue. But in most English 
words, this long sound is shortened, as in holiness, pity, 
gift. — The sound of t long, as in fine, kind, arise, is diph- 
thongal. — This letter enters into several digraphs, as in 
fail, field, seize, feign, vein, friend : and with o in oil, join, 
coin, it helps to form a proper diphthong. No English 
word ends with i, but when the sound of the letter oc- 
curs at the end of a word, it is expressed by y. 

As a numeral, I signifies one, and stands for as many units 
as it is repeated in times ; as, EI, two. III, thi-ee, &c. 
Among the ancient iZoma?i5, 10 stood for 500 3 CIO, for 
1000; 100, for 5000; CCIOO, for 10,000; 1000, for 
50,000 ; and CCCIOOO, for 100,000. 

I, formerly prefixed to some English words, as in ibuilt, is 
a contraction of the Saxon prefix ge ; and more generally 
this was written y. 

t pron. [Hax. ic : Goth., D. ik; G.ich; Sw.jag; Dan.jeo-,- 
Gr. £ya) ; L. ego ; Port, eu ; Sp. yo ; It. io ; Fr. je.] The 
pronoun of the first person ; the word which expresses 
one's self, or that by which a speaker or writer denotes 
himself. It is only the nominative case of the pronoun ; 
in the other cases we use me ; as, /am attached to study ; 
study delights me. In the plural, we use we, and us, 
wJiich appear to be words radically distinct from /. 

I-AM'Bie, a. [Fr. iamhique ; L. iambicus.] Pertaining to 
the iambus, a poetic foot. 

I-AM'BI€, or I-AM'BUS, n. [L. iambus ; Gr. lanpog^] ' In 
poetry, a foot consisting of two syllables, the first short 
and the last long, as in delight.— T tie following line con- 
sists wholly of iambic feet. 

He scorns I the force j that daresjhis fu|ry stay. 

I-AM'BI€S, /?. pin. Verses composed of short and long syl- 
lables alternately. Anciently, certain songs or satires, 
supposed to have given birth to ancient comedy. 

I-A-TR0-LEP'TI€, a. [Gr. larpojand aXa^co.] That which 
cures by anointing. 

I'BEX, n. [L.] The wild goat of the genus capra. 

IBIS, n. [Gr. and L.] A fowl of the genus tantalus, and 
erallic order, a native of Egypt. 

I-€a'RI-AN, a. [from Icarus.] Adventurous in flight ; soar- 
ing too high for safety, like Icarus. 

ICE, n. [Sax. is, isa ; G. eis.] 1. Water or other fluid con- 
gealed, or in a solid state. 2. Concreted sugar. — To 
break the ice, is to make the first opening to any attempt. 

ICE, V. t. 1. To cover with ice ; to convert into ice. 2. To 
cover with concreted sugar ; to frost. 3. To chill ; to 
freeze. 

ICE'BERG, n. [ice, and G. lerg.] A hill or mountain of 
ice, or a vast body of ice accumulated in valleys in high 
northern latitudes ; a vast mass of floating ice. 

ICE'BLINK, n. A name given by seamen to a bright ap- 
pearance near the horizon, occasioned by the ice, and ob- 
served befbre the ice itself is seen. 

ICE'BOAT, n. A boat constructed for moving on ice. 

ICE'BOUND a. In seamen^s language, totally surrounded 
with ice, so a.=i to be innapable of advancing. 

rCE'BUILT, a 1. Composed of ice. 2. Loaded with ice. 

ICE'HOUSE, n. A repository for the preservation of ice 
during warm weather 

ICE'ISLE, (ise'ilej n. A vast body of floating ice. 

TCELAND-ER,^. A native of Iceland. 

ICE'LAND-ie, a. Pertaining to Iceland; and, as a komk, 
the language of the Icelander. 

ICE'PLA.NT, n. A plant vrith icy pimples. Encyc 

ICE'SPAR, 7!. A variety of feldspar. 

ICH-NEu'MON, n. [L.] An animal of the genus viverra, or 
weasel kind. 

1€H-N0-GRAPH'IC, \ a. Pertaining to ichnography ; 

If IH-NO-GRAPH'I-CAL, S describhig a ground-plot. 

)t/'H-NOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. 1XV05 and ypa(pw.'\ Inperspec- 



. [Gr. ix^vg and Ko'S\a.'] Fish, 
glue ; isinglass ; a glue prepared 



tive, the view of any thing cut off by a plane parallel to 
the horizon, just at the base of it ; a ground-plot. 

I'CHOR, n. [Gr. t;^^?.] 1. A thin watery humor, like 
serum or whey. 2. Sanious matter flowing from an ulcer. 

I'CHOR-OUS, a. 1. Like ichor ; thin ; watery ; serous. 2. 
Sanious. 

ICH'THY-0-€OL, ) 

ICH-THY-0-COL'LA, \ 
from the sounds offish. 

ICH'THY-O-LITE, n. [Gr. ix^vs and At0oj.] 
or the figure or impression of a fish in rock. 

TCH-THY-0-LOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to ichthvology. 

I€H-TKY-0L'0-6IST, n. One versed in ichthyology. 

I€H-THY-0L'0-6Y, 71. [Gr. t;^0i;j and Xoyos.} The sci- 
ence of fishes, or that part of zoology which treats of fishes. 

I€H-THY-OPH'A-GOUS, a. [Gr. tp^flu? and ^ayw.] Eating 
or subsisting on fish. 

ICH-THY-OPH'A-GY, n. The practice of eating fish. 

ICH-THY-OPH-THAL'MITE, n. [Gr. t^^"? and o(p6a'\ixoi-] 
Fish-eye-stone. 

I'CT-GLE, 71. [Sax. ises-gecel ; D. yskegel.] A pendent, con- 
ical mass of ice, formed by the freezing of water or other 
fluid as it flows down an inclined plane, or collects in 
drops and is suspended. — In the north of England, it is 
called ickle. 

I'CI-NESS, n. 1. The state of being icy, or of being very 
cold. 2. The state of generating ice. 

I'CING, ppr. Covering with concreted sugar. 

I€ KLE, 7?. In the north of England, an icicle. Grose. 

t I'CON, n. [Gr. eiKO)v.] An image or representation. 

I-CON'O-CLAST, n. [Ft. iconoclaste.] A breaker or de- 
stroyer of unages. 

l-€ON-0-CLAS'TIC, a. Breakmg images. 

I-CON-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. £ik(ov and ypa^w.] The de- 
scription of images. 

I-CON-OL'A-TER, n. [Gr. eiKwv and Xarpevs.] One that 
worships images ; a name given to the Romanists. 

I-CON-OL'0-GY, n. [Gr. eikwv and Xoyos.] The doctrme 
of unages or representations. Johnson. 

I-CO-SA-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. eikoctl and iSpa.] Having twen- 
ty equal sMes. 

i-CO-SA-He'DRON, 71. A solid of twenty equal sides. 

I-CO-SAN'DER, n. [Gr. eikoctl and avnp.] In botany, a 
plant having twenty or more stamens inserted in the calyx. 

I-CO-SAN'DRI-AN, a. Pertaining to the class of plants 
icosandria. 

IC'TER-ie, / a. [L. ictericus.l 1. Affected with the 

IC-TER'I-CAL, \ jaundice. 2. Good in the cure of the 
jaundice. 

I€'TER-IC, 71. A remedy for the jaundice. Sicift. 

IC-TE-Ri"TIOUS, a. [L. icterus.] Yellow; having the 
color of the skin when it is affected by the jaundice. 

I'CY, a. 1. Abounding with ice. 2. Cold; frosty. 3 
Made of ice. 4. Resembling ice ; chilling. 5. 'Cold , 
frigid; destitute of affection or passion. 6. Indifferent; 
unaffected; backward. Shak. 

I'CY- PEARLED, a. Studded with spangles of ice. 

I'D, contracted from I would, or I had. 

I-De'A, 71. [L. idea.] 1. Literally, that which is seen ; 
hence, form, image, model of anythirtg in the mind ; that 
which is held or comprehended by the understanding. — 2. 
In popular use, idea signifies notion, conception, thought, 
opinion, and even purpose or intention. 3. Image in the 
mmd. 4. An opinion ; a proposition. 

i-De'AL, a. 1. Existing in idea ; intellectual; mental. 2. 
Visionary ; existing in fancy or imagination only. 3. 
That considers ideas as images, phantasms, or forms in 
the mind. 

i-DeAL-ISM, n. The system or theory that makes every 
thing to consist in ideas, and denies the existence of ma- 
terial bodies. Walsh. 

i-De'AL-iZE, v. i. To form ideas. 

I-DeAX-LY, adv. Intellectually ; mentally ; in idea. 

t i-De'ATE, v. t. To form in idea , to fancy. Donne. 



* See Synopsis A, E, I 6, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT 3— PRgY :— PIN, MARINE, BiRDj— ^ Obsolete. 



IDL 



427 



IGN 



f-DEN'TI€, ) a [Fr. identique.] The same : not differ- 

M)EN'TI-€AL, \ ent. 

I-DEN'TI-€AL-LY, adv. With sameness. Ross. 

I-DE]M'TI-€AL-NESS, n. Sameness. 

I-DEN-TI-FI-€a'TION, n. The act of making or proving 
to be the same. 

T-DEN'TI-FiED, pp. Ascertained or made to be the same. 

T-DEN'TI-FY, v. t. [L. idem and facio.] 1. To ascertain 
or prove to be the same. 2. To make to be the same ; to 
unite or combine in such a manner as to make one inter- 
est, purpose or intention ; to treat as having the same use ; 
to consideras the same in effect. 

I-DEi\ TI-Fy, u i. To become the same ; to coalesce in in- 
terest, purpose, use, effect, &c. 

I-DEN'TI-Fy-ING, ppr. 1. Ascertaining or proving to be 
the same 2. Making the same in interest, purpose, use, 
efficacy, &c. 

I-DEN'TI-TY, n. [Fr. identite.] Sameness, as distinguish- 
ed from similitude and diversity. 

IDES, n. plu. [L. idus ] In the ancient Roman calendar, 
eight days in each month ; the first day of which fell on 
the 13th of January, February, April, June, August, Sepn 
tember, November and December, and on the i5th of 
March, May, July and October. 

ID-I-0€'RA-Sy, 71. [Gr. ihos and /cpao-tj.] Peculiarity of 
constitution ; tliat temperament, or state of constitution, 
which is peculiar to a person. 

ID-I-0-€RAt'i^AL \ °" ^^^^^^^^ ^ constitution. 

TD'I-O-CY, n, [Gr. ihwrtia."] A defect of understanding ; 
properly, a natural defect. 

ID-I-0-E-LE€'TRI€, a. [Gr. iStos, and electric] Electric 
per SB, or containing electricity in its natural state. 

ID'I-OM, n. [Fr. idiome ; L. idioma.] 1. A mode of expres- 
sion peculiar to a language ; peculiarity of expression or 
phraseology. 2. The genius or peculiar cast of a lan- 
guage. 3. Dialect. 

ID-I-0-MAT'I€, } a. Peculiar to a language ; pertain- 

ID-I-O-MAT'I-CAL, \ ing to the particular genius or 
modes of expression which belong to a language. 

ID-l-0-MAT'l-€AL-LY, adv. According to the idiom of a 
language. 

ID-I-0-PATHT€, a. Pertaining to idiopathy ; indicating a 
disease peculiar to a particular part of the body, and not 
arising from any preceding disease. 

lD-I-0-PATH'I-€AL-LY, adv. By means of its own dis- 
ease or affections ; not sympathetically. 

ID-I-OP'A-THY, n. [Gr. iSio? and -ados.] 1. An origmal 
disease in a particular part of the body ; a disease pecu- 
liar to some part of the body, and not proceeding from an- 
other disease. 2. Peculiar affection. 

ID-I-O-RE-PUL'SIVE, a. Repulsive by itself. 

ID-I-0-SYN'€RA-SY, n. [Gr. i5ios, uvv and Koacig.] A pe- 
culiar temperament or organization of a body, by which 
it is rendered more liable to certain disorders than bodies 
differently constituted. 

ID'I-OT, n. [L. idiota; Gr. iSiwrrjs,] 1. A natural fool, 
or fool from his birth. 2. A foolish person ; one unwise. 

ID I-OTT FAL I "" ^i'^^ ^" ^"^'o* 5 foolish ; sottish. 

ID'I-OT-ISH, a. Like an idiot ; partaking of idiocy ; fool- 
ish. Paley. 

•U'I-OT-ISjV[, n. [Fr. idiotisme.] 1. An idiom ; a peculiar- 
ity of expression ; a mode of expression peculiar to a lan- 
guage ; a peculiarity in the structure of words and phrases. 
2. laiocv. 

ID'I-OT-iZE, V. i. To become stupid. Pers. Letters. 

TDLE, a. [Sax. idel, ydel.] 1. Not employed ; unoccupied 
with business; inactive 5 doing nothing. 2. Slothful; 
given to rest and ease ; averse to labor or employment ; 
lazy. 3. Affording leisure ; vacant ; not occupied. 4. 
Remaining unused ; unemployed. 5. Useless ; vain ; in- 
effectual. 6. Unfruitful ; barren ; not productive of good. 
7. Trifling; vain; of no importance. 8. Unprofitable ; 
not tending to edification. — Idle differs from lazy : the lat- 
ter impl3'ing constitutional or habitual aversion or indis- 
position to labor or action ; whereas idle, in its proper 
sense, denotes merely unemployed. An industrious man 
may be idle, but he cannot be lazy. 

t'DLE, V. i. To lose or spend time in inaction, or without 
being employed in business. — To idle away, in a transitive 
sense, to spend in idleness. 

T'DLE-HEAD-ED, a. 1. Foolish ; unreasonable. Carew. 2. 
Delirious ; infatuated ; [little itsed.] 

t I'DLE-LY, adv. [Sax. idelicc] So our ancestors wrote 
idly. 

FDIiE-NESS, n. 1. Abstinence from labor or employment ; 
the state of a person who is unemployed ; the state of do- 
ing no*hing. 2. Aversion to labor ; reluctance to be em- 
ployed, or to exertion either of body or mind ; laziness ; 
sloth ; sluggishness. 3. Unimportance ; trivialness. 4. 
Inefficacy ; uselessness ; [little used.] 5. Barrenness; 
worlhlessness ; [little used.] 6. Emptiness ; foolish- 



ness ; infatuation ; as, idleness of brain ; [ little tised ] 
Bacon. 

I'DLE-Pa-TED, a. Idleheaded; stupid. OverMiry. 

I'DLER, n. 1. One who does nothing ; one who spends 
his lime in inaction. 2. A lazy person ; a sluggard. 

t I'DLES-BY, n. An idle or lazy person. Wliitlock. 

KDLY, adv. 1. In an idle manner ; without employment. 
2. Lazily ; sluggishly. 3. Foolishly ; uselessly ; in a 
trifling way. 4. Carelessly ; without attention 5.' Vain- 
ly ; ineffectually. 

ID'0-€RASE, n. [Gr. i^ea and K^atrig.] A mineral. 

I'DOL, 71. [Fr idole ; It., Sp. idolo.] 1. An image, form 
or representation, usually of a man or other ajiimal, con- 
secrated as an object of worship ; a pagan deity. 2. An 
image. 3. A person loved and honored to adoration. 4 
Any thing on which we set our affections. 5. A repre- 
sentation ; [not in use.] 

I-DOL'A-TER, n. [Fr. idolatre ; L. idololatra.] 1 A wor- 
shiper of idols ; one who worships as a deity that which 
is not God ; a pagan. 2. An adorer ; a great admirer. 

I-DOL'A-TRESS, ?;. A female worshiper of idols. 

tI-DO-LAT'RI-€AL, a. Tending to Wolairv. 

I-DOL'A-TRIZE, v. i. To worship idols. 

I-DOL'A-TRiZE, v. t. To adore ; to worship. Ainsworth. 

I-DOL'A-TROUS, a. 1. Pertaining to idolatry ; partaking 
of the nature of idolatry, or of the worship of false gods j 
consisting m the worship of idols. 2. Consisting in or 
partaking of an excessive attachment or reverence. 

I-DOL'A-TROUS-LY, adv. In an idolatrous manner. 

I-DOL'A-TRY, n. [Fr. idolatrie ; L. idololatria.] 1. The 
worship of idols, unages, or any thing maae by hands, 
or which is not God. 2. Excessive attachment or ven- 
eration for any thing, or that which borders on adora- 
tion. 

I'DOL-ISH, a. Idolatrous. JrlUton. 

rDOL-I<PM, n. The worship of idols. [L. u.] Milton. 

rDOL-IST, 71. A worshiper of images ; a poetical word. 

I'DOL-iZE, V. t. To love to excess ; to love or reverence to 
adoration. 

I'DOL-lZED, pp. Loved or reverenced to adoration. 

I'DOL-lZ-ER, 7i. One who idolizes, or loves to rever- 
ence ._ 

iTDOL-lZ-ING, ppr. Loving or revering to an excess bor- 
dering on adoration. 

fl'DOL-OUS, a. Idolatrous. Bale. 

I-Do'NE-OUS, a. [L. idoneus.] Fit; suitable ; proper ; con- 
venient ; adequate. [Little v^ed.] Boyle. 

I'DYL, n. [L. idyllium.] A short poem ; properly, a short 
pastoral poem ; as, the idyls of Theocritus. 

I. E. stands for L. id est, that is. 

IF, V. t. imperative, contracted from Sax. gif, from gifan, 
to give, (commonly, though not correctly, classed among 
conjunctions.) 1. It is used as the sign of a condition, or 
it introduces a conditional sentence. 2. Whether or not. 

I'FAITH, adv. [abbreviation of in faith.] Indeed ; truly. 
Shak. 

flG-NA'RO, 71. [L.] A term formerly used for blockhead. 

IG'NE-OUS, a. [L. igneus.] 1. Consisting of fire. 2. 
Containing fire ; having the nature of fire. 3. Resembling 
fire. 

IG-NES'CENT, a. [L. ignescens.] Emitting sparks of fire 
when struck with steel ; scintillating. 

IG-NES'CENT, 71. A stone or mineral that gives out sparks 
when struck with steel or iron. 

IG'NI-FY, v.t. [1,. ignis 3.nA facio.] To form into fire. 

IG-NIF'LU-OUS, a. [L. ignifluus.] Flowing with fire. 

IG-NIP'0-TENT, a. [L. ignis and potens.] Presiding over 
fire. Pope. 

IG'NIS FAT'U-US, n. [L.] A meteor or light that appears 
in the night, over marshy grounds, supposed to be occa- 
sioned by phosphoric matter extricated from putrefying 
animal or vegetable substances, or by some inflammable 
gas ; vulgarly called TVill tcith the wisp, and Jack with a 
lantern. 

IG-NlTE', V. t. [L. ignis.] 1. To kindle, or set on fire. 
2. More generally, to communicate fire to, or to render 
luminous or red by heat. 

IG-NlTE', V. i. To take fire ; to become red with heat. 

IG-NlT'ED, pp. 1. Set on fire. 2. Rendered red or lumi- 
nous by heat or fire. 

IG-NlT'IA^G, ppr. 1. Setting on fire ; becoming red with 
heat. 2. Communicating fire to ; heating to redness. 

IG-Ni"TION, n. 1. The act of kindling, or setting on fire. 

2. The act or operation of communicating fire or heat, till 
the substance becomes red or luminous. 3. The state of 
being kindled ; more generally, the state of being heated 
to redness or luminousness. 4. Calcination. 

* IG-NlT'I-BLE, a. Capable of being ignited. 
IG-NIV'O-MOUS, a. [L. ignivomus.] Vomiting fire. 
IG-No'BLE, a. [Ft., from T,. ignoMlis.] 1. Of low birth 01 
family; not noble ; not illustrious. 2. Mean; worthless. 

3. Base ; not honorable. 
tIG-NO-BIL'I-TY, 71. Ignobleness. Ball. 



Sde Sfnopsis MOVE. BOOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z.; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsalete 



ILL 



428 



ILL 



IG-JNO'BLE-NESS, n. Want of dignity ; meanness. 

IG-NO'BLY, ddy. 1. Of low family or birth. 2. Meanly ; 
dishonorably; reproachfully; disgracefufly ; basely. 

I(J-jVO-MIN'I-OUS, a. fL. ignominiosus.] 1. Incurring 
disgrace ; cowardly ; of mean cuaracter. 2. Very shame- 
ful ; reproachful ; dishonorable ; infamous. 3. Despica- 
ble ; worthy of contempt. 

lG-NO-I\nN'I-OUS-Lr, adv. Meanly; disgracefully; 
shamefully. 

IG^NO-MIN-Y, ji. [L ignominia.] Public disgrace ; shame J 
reproach ; dishonor ; infamy. 

tIG'NO-MY, n. An abbreviation of ignominy. 

IG-NO-Ra'MUS, 71. [L.] 1. The indorsement which a 
grand jury make on a bill presented to them for inquiry, 
when there is not evidence to support the charges ; on 
which all proceedings are stepped, and the accused per- 
son is discharged. 2. An ignorant person ; a vain pre- 
tender to knowledge. 

IG NO-RANCE, n. [Fr.; L. igiiorantia.] 1. Want, absence 
- or destitution of knowledge ; the negative state of the 
mind which has not been instructed. 2, Ignorances, 
in tJie plural, is used sometmies for omissions or mis- 
takes. 

IG'NO-RANT, a. [L. ignarans.] 1. Destitute of knowl- 
edge ; uninstructed or uninformed ; untauglit ; unen- 
lightened. 2. Unknown ; undiscovered. 3. Unacquaint- 
ed with. 4. UnskillfuUy made or done. 

IG'NO-RANT, n. A person untaught or uninformed ; one 
unlettered or unskihed. 

IG'NO-RANT-LY, adv. 1. Without knowledge, instmction 
or mformation. 2. UnskillfuUy ; inexpertly. 

flG-NoRE', V. t. To be ignorant of. Boyle. 

t IG-NOS'CI-BLE, a. [L. ignoscibilis.] Pardonable. 

■fIG-NoTE', a. [L, ignotus.] Unknown. 

I-GUA'NA, n. \ species of lizard, of the genus lacerta. 

f ILE, 7i. 1. So written by Pope for aile, a walk or alley in a 
cliurch or public building. 2. An ear of corn. 

I-Le US, 71. [L.] A circumvolution or insertion of one part 
of the gut within the other. Arbuthnot, 

I'LEX, n. [L.] In botany, the generic name of the holly- 
t^ee. 

IL'I-A€, a. [L. iliacus.'] Pertaining to the lower bowels, 
or to the ileum. The Uiac passion is a violent and dan- 
gerous kmd of colic. 

IL'I-AD, n. [from Ilium, Ilion.] An epic poem, composed 
by Homer, in twenty-four books. 

ILK, a. Tiie same ; each. This is retained in Scottish. 

ILL, a. [supposed to be contracted from evil, Sax. yfel ; 
Sw. ilia.] 1. Bad or evil, in a general sense ; contraiy to 
good. 2. Producing evil or misfortune. 3. Bad ; evil ; 
unfortunate. 4. Unhealthy ; insalubrious. 5. Cross ; 
crabbed ; surly ; peevish. 6. Diseased ; disordered ; sick 
or indisposed ; applied to persons. 7. Diseased ; impair- 
ed. 8. Discordant ; harsh ; disagreeable. 9. Homely ; 
ugly. 10. Unfavorable : suspicious. 11. Rude ; unpol- 
ished. 12. Not proper ; not regular or legitimate. 

ILL, n. 1. Wickedness ; depravity ; evil. 2. Jlisfortune ; 
calamity ; evil ; disease ; pain ; whatever annoys or im- 
pairs happiness, or prevents success. 

ILL, adv. I. Not well ; jiot rightly or perfectly. 2. Not 
easMy ; with pain or ditticulty., 

ILL, V. t. To reproach. J\,''orth of England, and Scotland. 

{.IAj, substantive or adverb, ^rv& &enolmg evil or wrong, is 
much used in composition with participles to express any 
bad quality or condition ; as, ill-meaning, ill-formed, &c. 
— II, prefixed to words beginning with I, stands for in, as 
used in the Latin language, and usually denotes a nega- 
tiou of the sense of the simple word, as illegal, not legal ; 
or it denotes to or on, and merely augments or enforces 
tlie sense, as in illuminate. 

■f IL-LAB'ILE, a. [See Labile.] Not liable to fall or err ; 
infallible. Cheipie. 

t IL-L A-BIL'I-TY, 71. The quality of not bemg liable to err, 
fall or apostatize. Cheitne. 

IL-LAC'ER-A-BLE, a. That cannot be torn, 

IL-i \€'RY-MA-BLE, a. [L. illacrymabilis.] Incapable of 
weeping. 

IL-LAPSE', (il-laps') n. 1. A sliding in ; an immission or 
entrance of one thing into another. 2. A falling on ; a 
sudden attack. 

* IL-LAa'UE-ATE, v.t. [L. illaqiceo.] Toinsnare; to en- 
trap ; to entangle ; to catch. [Little used.] 

* IL-LAa'UE-A-TED, pp. Insnared. 

* IL-LAO-UE-A'TION, n. 1. The act of insnaring ; a catch- 

ing or entrapping ; [little used.] 2. A snare. 

I j-La'TION, 71. rii- illatio.] An inference from premises ; 
a conclusion ; deduction. [Little used.] 

IL'LA-TiVE, a. 1. Relating to illation ; that may be infer- 
red. 2. That denotes an inference. 

IL'LA-TlVE, 71, That which denotes illation or infer- 
ence. 

IL'LA-TIVE-LY, adv. By illation or conclusion. Bp. Rich- 
ardson. 

\u-l AUD'A-BLE, a. 1, Not laudable; not worthy of ap- 



probation or commendation, 2. WortLy of censure or 

dispraise. 

IL-LAUD'A-BLY, adv. In a manner unworthy of praise 
without deserving praise. Broome. 

ILL-BRED, a. Not well-bred ; unpolite. 

ILL-BREED'ING, n. Want of good-breeding ; unpolite- 
ness. 

ILL-€ON-Di"TIONED, a. Being in bad order or state. 

IL-LK'CE-BROUS, a. [L. iUecebrosits.] Alluring ; full of 
alliirement. Elyot. 

IL-Le'GAL, a. Not legal ; unlawful ; contrary to law ; il- 
licit. 

IL-LE-GAL'I-TY, 71. Contrariety to law ; unlawfulness. 

IL-Le'GAL-iZE, v. t. To render unlavrful. 

IL-Le GAL-LY, adv. In a manner contrary to law ; un- 
lawj"ully. Blackstone. 

IL-Le GAL-NESS, n. The state of being illegal. Scott. 

IL-LEG-I-BIL'I-TY, 77. The quality of being illegible. 

IL-LE6'I-BLE, a. That cannot be read. 

IL-LEG'I-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be read. 

IL-LE-6IT'I-MA-CY, n. 1. The state of being born out of 
wedlock ; the state of bastardy. 2. The state of being not 
genuine, or of legitimate origin. 

IL-LE-6IT'I-MATE, a. 1. Unlawfully begotten ; born out 
of wedlock ; spurious. 2. Unlawful ; contrary to law 
3. Not genuine ; not of genuine origin. 4. Not authorized 
bv good usage. 

IL-LE-GIT'I-MATE, v. t. To render illegitunate ; to prove 
to be born out of wedlock ; to bastardize. 

IL-LE-GIT'I-MATE-LY, adv. Not in wedlock; without 
authority. 

IL-LE-6TT-I-Ma'TI0N, 71. 1. The state of one not bom 
in wedlock. 2. Want of genuineness. Martin. 

IL-LE V'l-A-BLE, a. That cannot be levied or collected 

ILL'-FaCED, a. Havmg an ugly face. Hall. 

ILL-Fa'VORED, a. Ugly ; ill-lookmg ; deformed. 

ILL-Fa'VORED-LY, adv. 1. With deformity. 2. Rough- 
ly; rudely. 

ILL-Fa'VORED-NESS, 77. Ugliness ; deformity. 

IL-LIB'ER-AL, a. 1. Not liberal ; not free or generous. 2. 
Not noble ; not ingenuous ; not catholic 3 of a contracted 
mind. Cold in charity. 3. Not candid; uncharitable in 
judging. 4. Not generous ; not munificent ; sparing of 
gifts. 5. Not becoming a well-bred man. 6. Not purej 
not elegant. 

IL-LIB-ER-AL'I-TY, 71. 1. Narrowness of mind ; contract- 
edness ; meanness ; want of catholic opinions. 2. Parsi- 
mony; want of munificence. Bacon. 

IL-LIB'ER-AL-LY, adv. i. Ungenerously; uncandidly5 
uncharitably ; disingenuously. 2. Parsimoniously. 

IL-LIC'IT, a. [L. illicitus.] Not permitted or allowed 3 
prohibited ; unlawful. 

IL-LICIT-LY, adv. Unlawfully. 

IL-LIC'IT-NESS, 77. Unlawfulness. 

IL-LIC'IT-OUS, a. Unlawful. 

t IL-LlGHT'EN, v. t. To enlighten. Raleigh. 

IL-LIM'I-TA-BLE, a. That cannot be limited or bounded. 
Thomson. 

IL-LIM'I-TA-BLY, adv. 1. Without possibHity of being 
bounded. 2. Without limits. 

IL-LIM-I-Ta'TION, 77. What admits of no certain deter- 
mination. 

IL-LIM'IT-ED, a. Unbounded ; not lunited. 

IL-LIM'IT-ED-NESS, 's. Boundlessness 3 the state of being 
without limits or restriction. Clarendon. 

IL-LI-NT'TION, 71. [L. illinitus.] A thin crust of some ex- 
traneous substance formed on minerals. 

IL-LIT'ER-A-CY, n. The state of being untaught or un- 
learned 5 want of a knowledge of letters 3 ignorance. 

t IL-LIT'ER-AL, a. Not literal. Dr. Dawson. 

IL-LIT'ER-ATE, a. [L. illiteratus.] Unlettered 3 ignorant 
of letters or books 3 untaught 3 unlearned 3 uninstructed 
in science. 

IL-LIT'ER-ATE-NESS, 77. Want of learning 3 ignorance 
of letters, books or science. Boyle. 

IL-LIT'ER-A-TURE, n. Want of learnmg. [Little iised.] 

ILL-LiV'ED, (ill-livd') a. Leading a wicked life. [L. u.] 

ILL-NaT'URE, 71. Crossness 3 crabbedness3 habitual bad 
temper, or want of kindness 5 fractiousness. 

ILL-NaT'URED, a. 1. Cross; crabbed; surly 5 intracta- 
ble 3 of habitual bad temper 3 peevish 3 fractious. 2. That 
indicates ill-nature, 3, Intractable 3 not yielding to cul- 
ture. _ 

ILL-NaT'TTRED-LY, adv. In a peevish or froward man- 
ner ; crossly ; unkindly. 

ILL-NaT'URED-NESS, 71. Crossness; want of a kind 
disposition. 

ILL'NESS, 77. 1. Badness; unfavorableness 3 [770^ used.] 
2. Disease 3 indisposition 3 malady 3 disorder of health 3 
sickness. 3. Wickedness ; iniquity 3 wrong moral con- 
duct. Shak. 
IL-LOG'I-€AL, a. 1, Ignorant or negligent of the rules ot 
logic or correct reasoning. 2. Contrary to the rules of 
logic or sound reasoning. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tJ, Y, ;o7i^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT 3— PREY 3— PlN, MARINE, BIRD 3— f Obsolete. 



IM 



429 



1MB 



II>LOG'I-€AL-Ly, adv. In a manner contrary to the rules 
of correct reasoning. 

IL-LOG'I-€AL-NESS, n. Contrariety to sound reasoning. 

ILL'STARRED, a. Fated to be unfortunate. 

ILL'-TRaINED, a. Not well trained or disciplined. 

IL-LuDE', V. t. [L. illudo.] To play upon by artifice ; to 
deceive ; to mock ; to excite hope and disappoint it. 

IL-LuD'ED, pp. Deceived ; mocked. 

IL-LuD'ING, ppr. Playing on by artifice ; deceiving. 

[L-LuME'j or IL-Lu'MlNE, v. t. [Fr. illuminer.] 1. 1o 
illuminate ; to enlighten ; lo throw or spread light on ; to 
make light or bright. 2. To enlighten, as the mind; to 
cause to understand. 3. To brighten ; to adorn. 

IL-LU'MI-NANT, 7i. That which illuminates. 

IL-Lt)'MI-NATE, v. t. 1. To enlighten ; to throw light 
on ; to supply with light. 2. To adorn with festal lamps 
or bonfires. 3. To enlighten intellectually. 4. To adorn 
with pictures, portraits and other paintings. 5. To illus- 
trate ; to throw light on. as on obscure subjects. 

IL-LU']Vn-NATE, a. Enlightened. Bp. Hall. 

IL-LU'MI-NATE, n. One of a sect of heretics pretending 
to possess extraordinary light and knowledge. 

IL-LtJ'MI-NA-TED, pp. Enlightened; rendered light or 
luniinous ; illustrated ; adorned with pictures. 

IL-Lu'MI-NA-TING, ppr. Enlightening; rendering lumi- 
nous or bright ; illustrating. 

IL-Lu'MI-NA-TI N"«i, n. The act, practice or art of adorn- 
ing manuscripts and books by paintings. 

IL-LU-MI-Na'TION, n. 1. The act of illuminating or ren- 
dering luminous ; the act of supplying with light. 2. 
The act of rendering a house or a town light, by placing 
lights at the windows, or the state of being thus rendered 
light. 3. That which gives light. 4. Brightness ; splen- 
dor. 5. Infusion of intellectual light. 6. The act, art or 
practice of adorning manuscripts and books with pictm-es. 
7. Inspiration ; the special communication of knowledge 
to the mind by the Supreme Being. Hooker. 

IL-Lu'MI-NA-TIVE, a. [Fr. illuminatif} Having the 
power of giving light. Di^by. 

IL-Lu']MI-NA-TOR, n. 1. fie or that which illuminates or 
gives light. 2. One whose occupation is to decorate man- 
uscripts and books with pictures, portraits and drawings 
of any kind. 

IL-LU-MI-NEE', or IL-LU-MI-Na'TI, n. 1. A church term 
anciently applied to persons who had received baptism. 

2. The name of a sect of heretics, who spmng up in Spain 
about the year 1575. 3. The name given to certain asso- 
ciations of men in modern Europe, who combined to 
overthrow the existing religious institutions. Robison. 

IL-Lu'MI-NISM, 71. The principles of the llluminati. 

IL-Lu'MI-NiZE, V. t. To initiate into the doctrines or 
principles of the llluminati. Am. Review. 

IL-Lti'SION, 71. [Fr. illvsion.'] Deceptive appearance ; 
false show, by which a person is or may be deceived, or 
his expectations disappointed; mockery. 

IL-LU'SIVE, a. Deceiving by false show ; deceitful. Thom- 
son^ 

IL-Lu'SIVE-LY, adv. By means of a false show. 

IL-Lu'SIVE-NESS, n. Deception ; false show. 

IL-Lu'SO-RY, a. [Fr. illusoire.] Deceiving or tending to 
deceive by false appearances ; fallacious. 

IL-LUS'TRATE, v. t. [Fr. illustrer.'] 1. To make clear, 
bright or luminous. 2. To brighten with honor ; to make 
distinguished. 3. To brighten ; to make glorious, or to 
display the glory of. 4. To explain or elucidate ; to make 
clear, intelligible 'or obvious, what is dark or obscure. 

IL-LUS'TRA-TED, -pp. 1. Made bright or glorious. 2. Ex- 
plained ; elucidated ; made clear to the understand- 
ing. 

IL-LUS'TRA-TING, ppr. Making bright or glorious ; ren- 
dering distinguished ; elucidating. 

IL-LUS-TRa'TION, n. 1. The act of rendering bright or 
glorious. 2. Explanation ; elucidation. 

IL-LUS'TRA-TiVE, a. 1. Having the quality of elucida- 
ting and making clear what is obscure. 2. Having the 
quality of rendering glorious, or of displaying glory. 

IL-LUS'TRA-TlVE-LY, adv. By way of illustration or 
elucidation. Brown. 

IL-LUS'TRA-TOR, n. One who illustrates or makes clear. 

IL-LUS'TRI-OUS, a. [Fr. illustre.] 1. Conspicuous ; dis- 
tinguished by the reputation of greatness ; renowned ; 
eminent. 2. Conspicuous; renowned; conferring honor. 

3. Glorious. 4. A title of honor. 
IL-LUS'TRI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Conspicuously ; nobly; em- 
inently ; with dignity or distinction. 2. Gloriously ; in a 
way to manifest glory, 

IL-LUS'TRI-OUS-NESS, n. Eminence of character ; great - 

ness ; svandeur ; glory. 
IL-LUX-'-O'RI-OUS, a. Not luxurious. Drury. 
ILL-WILL', 71. Enmity; malevolence. 
ILL-WILL'ER, 11. One who wishes ill to another. 
[L'LY, adv. A word sometimes used by American writers, 

impropeily, for ill. 
I'M, contracted from / c?n. 



IM, in composition, is usually the representative of the Latin 
in ; n being changed to ?«, for the sake of easy utterance, 
before a labial, as in imbibe, immense, impartial. 

IM'AGE, n. [Fr. image ,• L. imago.] I. A representation 
or similitude of any person or thin-g, formed of a material 
substance. 2. A statue. 3. An idol ; the representation 
of any person or thing, that is an object of wor«hip. 4. 
The likeness of anything on canvas; a pictuie ; a re- 
semblance painted. 5. Any copy, representation or like- 
ness. 6. Semblance; show; appearance. 7. Ani.*ea; a 
representation of any thing to the mind ; a conception ; a 
picture drawn by fancy. — 8. In rhetoric, a lively descrip- 
tion of any thing in discouree, which presents a kind of 
picture to the mind. — 9. In optics, the figure of any object, 
made by rays of light proceeding from the several points 
of it. 

IM'AGE, V. t. To imagine ; to copy by the imagination ; to 
form a likeness in the mind. 

!M'A6E-RY, (im'aj-ry) n. I. Sensible representations, 
pictures, statues. 2. Show ; appearance. 3. Forms of 
the fancy ; false ideas ; imaginary phantasms. 4. Rep- 
resentations in writing or speaking ; lively descriptions 
which impress the images of things on the mind ; figures 
in discourse. 5. Form ; make. 

IM'AGE-WoR'SHIP, n. The worship of images ; idolatry. 

IM-A6'I-NA-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may be imagined or con- 
ceived. 

t IM-AG'I-NANT, a. Imagining ; conceiving. Bacon. 

\ IM-AG'I-NANT, n. One who is prone to form strange 
ideas. 

IM-AG'I-NA-RY, a. Existing only in imagination or fancy , 
visionary ^ fancied ; not real. Addison. 

IM-AG-I-Na'TION, n. [L. iviaginatio.] 1. The power or 
faculty of the mind by which it conceives and forms idess 
of things communicated to it by the organs of sense. 2. 
Conception ; image in the mind ; idea. 3. Contrivance ; 
scheme formed in the mind ; device. 4. Conceit ; an un- 
solid or fanciful opinion. 5. First motion or purpose of 
the mind. 

IM-AG'I-NA-TlVE, a. [Fr. imaginatif.] 1. That forms 
imaginations. 2. Full of imaginations ; fantastic. 

IM-AG'iNE, v. t. [Fr. imaginer.] I. To form a notion or 
idea in the mind ; to fancy. 2. To form ideas or repre- 
sentations in the mind, by modifying and combining our 
conceptions. 3. To contrive in purpose ; to scheme ; to 
devise. 

IM-A6'iNE, V. i. To conceive ; to have a notion or idea. 

IM-A6'lNED, pp. Formed in the mind ; fancied ; con- 
trived. 

IM-A6'IN-ER, n. One who forms ideas ; one who con- 
trives. Bacon. 

IM-AG'IN-ING, ppr. Forming ideas in tlie mind ; devis- 
ing. 

IM'AM, \ n. A minister or priest among the Mohamme- 

IM'AN, i dans. 

IM-BALM'. See Embalm. 

IM-BAN', v. t. To excommunicate, in a civil sense ; to cut 
off from the rights of man. [Mot well authorized.] J. 
Barlow. 

IM-BAND'j V. t. To form into a band or bands. J. Barloro. 

IM-BAND'ED, pp. Formed into a band or bands. 

IM-BANK', V. t. To inclose with a bank; to defend by 
banks, mounds or dikes. 

IM-BANK'ED, (^im-bankf) pp. Inclosed or defended with 
a bank. 

IM-BANK'ING, ppr. Inclosing or surrounding with a 
bank. 

IM-BANK 'MENT, n. 1. The act of surrounding or defend- 
ing with a bank. 2. Inclosure by a bank ; the banks or 
mounds of earth that are raised to defend a place. 

IM-BaR'GO. See Embargo. 

IM-BaRK'. See Embark. 

t IM-BaRN','?j. t. To deposit in a barn. Herbert. 

IM-BaSE'. See Embase. 

IM-BAS'TAR-DiZE, v. t. To bastardize, which see. 

IM-BaTHE', v. t. To bathe all over. Milton. 

IM-BeAD', v. t. To fasten with a bead. J. Barlow. 

IM-BeAD'ED, pp. Fastened with a bead. 

* IM'BE-CiLE, (im'be-sil) a. [L. imbecillis ; Fr. imbecile.] 
Weak ; feeble ; destitute of strength, either of body or of 
mind ; impotent. Barrow. 

t IM'BE-CILE, V. t. To weaken. Bp. Taylor. 

j IM-BE-CIL'I-TAl'E, v. t. To weaken ; to render feeble 
A. Wilson. 

IM-BE-CIL'I-TY, 71. {l,.imbecillitas.] I. Want of strength; 
weakness ; feebleness of body or of mind. 2. Impotence 
of males ; inability to procreate children. 

IMBED', V. t. To sink or lay in a bed ; to place in a mass 
of earth, sand or other substance. 

IM-BED'DED, pp. Laid or inclosed, as in a bed or mass of 
surrounding matter. 

IM-BED'DING, ppr. Laying, as in a bed. 

IM-BEL'LI€, a. Not warlike or martial. Junius. 

IM-BENCH'ING, n. A raised work like a bench. 



See Sijnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BTJU , UNITE.— € as K ; as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obssriete 



1MB 



430 



IMM 



IM-BlBE', V. t. [L. imbibo.'] 1. To drink in ; to absorb. 2. 
To receive or admit into the mind, and retain. 3. To 
imbue. JsTewton. 

IM-BlB'IlD, (im-bibd') pp. Drank in, as a fluid ; absorbed ; 
rec<^iv^ d into the mind, and retained. 

IM-BlB'ER, 71. He or that which unbibes. 

IM-BiB'ING, ppr. Drinking in 3 absorbing ; receiving and 
retaining. 

IM-BI-BI"TION, n. The act of imbibing. Bacon. 

IM-BIT'TER, V. t. 1. To make bitter. 2. To make un- 
happy or grievous j to render distressing. 3. To exas- 
perate ; to make more severe, poignant or pai^iful. 4. To 
exasperate ; to render more violent or malignant. 

TM-BIT'TER'ED, pp. Made imhappy or painful j exaspe- 
rated. 

IM-BITTER-ER, n That which makes bitter. Johnson. 

IM-BIT'TER-ING, ppr. Rendering uniiappy or distressing ; 
exasperating. 

IM-BOD'IED, pp. Formed into a body. 

IM-BOD'Y, V. t. 1. To form into a body ; tu invest with 
matter; to make corporeal. 2. To form into a body, col- 
lection or system. 3. To brmg into a band, company, 
regiment, brigade, army, or other regular assemblage ; to 
collect. 

IM-BOD'Y, V. i. To unite in a body, mass or collection ; to 
coalesce. Milton. 

IM-BOD'Y-ING, pjn-. 1. Forming into a body ; investing 
with a corporeal body. 2. Collecting cind uniting in a 
body. 

IM-BOIL', V. i. To effervesce. Spenser. 

IM-BoLD'EN, (un-b5l'dn) v. t. To encourage ; to give 
confidence to. Shak. 

IM-BoLD'EN, pp. Encouraged ; having received confi- 
dence. 

IM-BoLD'EN-ING, ppr. Encouraging ; giving confidence. 

t IM-BON'I-TY, 71. [L. in and lonitas.] Want of goodness. 
Burton. 

IM-BORD'ER, V. t. 1. To furnish or inclose with a border; 
to adorn with a border. 2. To terminate ; to bound. 

IM-BORD'ERED, pp. Furnished, inclosed or adorned with 
a border; bounded. 

IM-BORD'ER-ING, ppr. Furnishing, inclosing or adorning 
with a border ; bounding. 

IM-BOSK', V. t. [It. imboscare.] To conceal, as in bushes ; 
to hide. Milton. 

IM-BOSK', V. i. To lie concealed. Milton. 

1M-B6'S0M, v. t. 1. To hold in the bosom ; to cover fondly 
with the folds of one's garment. 2. To hold in nearness 
or intimacy. 3. To admit to the heart or affection ; to 
caress. 4. To inclose in the midst ; to surround. 5. To 
inclose in the midst ; to cover. 

IM-BO'SOMED, pp. Held in the bosom or to the breast ; 
caressed ; surrounded in the midst ; inclosed ; covered. 

IM-B5'S0M-ING, ppr. Holding in the bosom ; caressing ; 
holding to the breast ; inclosing or covering in tlie midst. 

IM-BOUND', V. t. To inclose in limits ; to shut in. \_Little 
used 'I Shak. 

IM-BoW', V. t. 1. To arch ; to vault, 2. To make of a 
circular form. Bacon. 

IM-BoWED', (im-b5de') pp. Arched; vaulted; made of a 
circular form. 

IM-BOW'ER, V. t. To cover with a bower ; to shelter with 
trees. Thomson. 

IM-BOW'ERED, pp. Covered with a bower; sheltered 
with trees. 

IM-BO W'ER-ING, j;^r. Covering with a bower or with trees. 

IM-BoW'I]MG, ppr. Arching ; vaulting ; making of a cir- 
cular form. 

IM-BoW'MENT, n. An arch ; a vault. Bacon. 

IM-BOX', V. t. To inclose in a box. 

IM-BRAN'GLE, v.t. To entangle. Hudibras. 

IM-BREED', n. t. To generate within. 

IM'BRI-CATE, ) a. [L. imlricatus .'] 1, Bent and hol- 

IM'BRI-€A-TED, \ lowed like a roof or gutter tile.— 2. 
In botany, lying over each other, like tiles on a roof. 

IM-BRI-€X'TION, n. A concave indenture, like that of 
tiles ; tiling. Derham. 

IM-BROWN', v.t. li To make brown ; to darken ; to ob- 
scure. 2. To darken the color of; to make dirty. 3. To 
tan ; to darken the complexion. 

IM-BROWN'ED, (im-brownd') pp. Made brown ; dai-ken- 
ed ; tanned. 

lM-BROWN'ING,272)r. Rendering brown ; darkening ; tan- 
ning. 

IM-BRtfE", (im-bru') v. t. [Gr. £p[ip£X(^.'] 1. To wet or 
moisten ; to soak ; to drench in a fluid, chiefly in blood. 
2. Topour out liquor ; [obs.] 

IM-BRU'ED, (im-brude') pp. Wet ; moistened ; drenched. 

IM-BRU'ING, ppr. Wetting; moistening; dreiicuing. 

IM-BRdTE', v. t. To degrade to the state of a brute ; to 
reduce to brutality. 

IM-BRtJTE', V. i. To sink to the state of a brute. 

IM-BRCT^ED, pp. Degraded to brutishness. 

IM-PRrT'ING, ppr. Reducing to brutishness. 



IM-BuE', (im-bu') v. t. [L. imbuo.] ]. To tinge deeply; to 
dye^ 2. To tincture deeply ; to cause to imbibe. 

IM-Bu'ED, (im-biide') ^^. Tinged; dyed; tinctured. 

IM-Bu'ING, ppr. Tinging ; dyeing ; tincturing deeply. 

IM-BURSE', V. t. [Fr. bourse.] To stock with money 

IME, n. Rime. Craven dialect. 

IM-I-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being imitable. 

IM'I-TA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. imitabilis.] 1. That may be imi- 
tated or copied. 2. Worthy of imitation. 

IM'I-TATE, V. t. [Fr. imiter.} 1. To follow in manners ; 
to copy in form, color or quality. 2. To attempt or en- 
deavor to copy or resemble. 3. To counterfeit. 4. To 
pursue the course of a composition, so as to use like im- 
ages and examples. 

IM'I-TA-TED, pp. Followed ; copied. 

IM'I-TA-TING, ppr. Following in manner ; copying. 

IM-I-Ta'TION, 71. [Fr. ; L. imitatio.] 1. The act of follow- 
ing in manner, or of copying in form ; the act of making 
the similitude of any thing, or of attempting a resem- 
blance. 2. That which is made or produced as a copy ; 
likeness; resemblance. 3. A method of translating, in 
which modern examples and illustrations are used for 
ancient, or domestic for foreign. 

IM'I-TA-TiVE, a. 1. Inchned to follow in manner. 2. 
Auning at resemblance ; that is used in the business of 
forming resemblances. 3. Formed after a model, pattern 
or original. 

IM'I-TA-TOR, 71. 1. One that follows in manner or deport- 
ment. 2. One th^i copies, or attempts to make the re- 
seuiblance of anv thing. 

IM-I-Ta'TOR-SH'IP, 7). The office or state of an imitator. 

IM-MACU-LATE, a. ['L.i7nmaculatus.] 1. Spotless; pure; 
unstained ; undefiled ; without blemish. 2. Pure ; lim- 
pid ; not tinged with impure matter. 

IM-MAC'U-LATE-LY, adv. With spotless purity. 

IM-MA€'U-LATE-NE?S, n. Spotless puritju 

IM-MaIL'ED, (im-maild') a. Wearing mail or armor. 

IM-MAL'LE-A-BLE, a. Not malleable; that cannot be 
extended by hammering. Med. Repos. 

IM-MAN'A-€LE, v.t. To put manacles on; to fetter or 
confine ; to restrain from free action. 

IM-MAN'A-€LED, pp. Fettered ; confined. 

IM-MAN'A-€LING, ppr. Fettering ; confining. 

IM-MaNE', a. [L. immanis.] Vast; huge; very great. 

IM-MaNE'LY, adv. Monstrously ; cruelly. Milton. 

IM'MA-NEN-CY, 71. Internal dwelling. Pearson. 

IM'MA-NEKT", a. Inherent: intrinsic; internal. 

t IM-MAN'I-FEST, a. Not manifest ; not plain. 

IM-MAN'I-TY, 71. [L. immanitas.] Barbarity ; savageness. 
Shak. 

IM-MAR-CES'SI-BLE, a. [L. in and marcesco.'] Unfading 

IM-MAR'TIAL, a. Not martial ; not wariike. 

IM-MASK', v. t. To cover, as with a mask. 

IM-MASK'ED, (im-maskt) ) pp. Covered ; masked. 

IM-MASK'ING, ppr. Covering ; disguising. 

IM-MATCH'A-BLE, a. That cannot be matched; peer- 
less. 

IM-MA-Tk'RI-AL, a. [Fr. immateriel.] 1. Incorporeal; not 
material ; not consisting of matter. 2. Unimportant ; 
without weight ; not material ; of no essential conse- 
quence. Melmoth. . 

IM-MA-Te'RI-AL-ISM, 71. The doctrine of the existence 
or state of immaterial substances or spiritual beings. 

IM-MA-Te'RI-AL-IST, n. One who professes immaterial- 
ity. Swift. 

IM-MA-TE-RI-AL'I-TY, 71. The quality of being immate- 
rial, or n_ot consisting of matter ; destitution of matter. 

IM-MA-Te'RI-AL-iZED, a. Rendered or made immate- 
rial. Olanville. 

IM-MA-Te'RI-AL-LY, adv. 1. In a manner not depending 
on matter. 2. In a manner unimportant. 

IM-MA-Te'RI-AL-NESS, n. The state of being unmaterial , 
immateriality. 

IM-]\IA-Te'RI-ATE, a. Not consisting of matter ; incorpo- 
real ; immaterial ; [little used.] Bacon. 

IM-MA-TuRE', a. [L. immaturus.] 1. Not mature or ripe ; 
unripe ; that has not arrived to a perfect state. 2. Not 
perfect ; not brought to a complete state. 3. Hasty ; too 
early ; that comes'before the natural time. 

IM-MA-TuRE'LY, adv. Too soon ; before ripeness or com- 
pletion ; before the natural time. 

IM-MA-TuRE'NESS, \ n. Unripeness ; incompleteness ; 

IM-MA-TtJ'RI-TY, \ the state of a thing which has 
not arrived to perfection. 

IM-ME-A-BIL I-TY, n. Want of power to pass. 

IM-MEAS'U-RA-BLE, (un-mezh'u-ra-bl) a. That cannot 
be measured ; immense ; indefinitely extensive. 

IM-MEAS'U-RA-BLY, adv. To an extent not to be measur- 
ed ; immensely ; beyond all measure. Milton. 

IM-MEAS'URED, a. Exceeding common measure. 

IM-ME-CHAN'I-eAL, a. Not consonant to the laws of me- 
chanics. Cheyne. _ 

* IM-Me'DI-A-CY, 71. Power of acting without depend- 
ence. Shak. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, T, o, U, Y, long.— FAB., FALL, WHAT, -PREY;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete 



IMM 



431 



IMM 



* IM-Mk'DI-ATE, a [Fr. immediat.] 1. Proximate ; acting 
without a medium., or without the intervention of another 
cause or means ; producing its effect by its own direct 
agency. 2. Not acting by second causes. 3. Instant j 
present ; without the intervention of time. 

* IM-Me'DI-ATE-LY, adv. 1. Without the intervention of 
any other cause or event. 2. Instantly ; at the present 
time ;_without delay, or the intervention of time. 

* IM-Me'DI-ATE-NESS, n. I. Presence with regard to time. 

2. Exemption from second or intervening causes. 
.M-MED'I-€A-BLE, a. [L. immedicabilis.] Not to be heal- 
ed ; incurable. Milton. 

IM-ME-Lo'DI-OUS, a. Not melodious. Drummond. 

IM-MEM'O-RA-BLE, a. TL. immemoraldlis.] Not to be re- 
membered ; not worth remembering. 

IM-ME-MQ'RI-AL, a. [Fr.] Beyond memory ; an epithet 
given to time or duration, &.c., whose beginning is not re- 
membered. 

IM-ME-Mo'BI-AL-LY, ado. Beyond memory. Bentley. 

IM-MENSE', (im-mens ) a. [Fr. ; L. iynmensus.] 1. Unlim- 
ited ; unbounded ; infinite. 2. Vast in extent ; very great. 

3. Huge in bulk ; very large. 

IM-MENSE'LY, adv. 1. Infinitely ; without limits or meas- 
ure. 2. Vastly ; very greatly. 

IM-MENSE'NESS, n. Unbounded greatness. More. 

IM-MENS'I-TY, n. 1. Unlimited extension ; an extent not 
to be measured ; infinity. 2. Vastness in extent or bulk ; 
greatness. 

IM-MEN-SU-RA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of not being ca- 
pable of measure ; impossibility to be measured, 

IM-MEN'SU-RA-BLE, a. [L. in and mensurabilis.] Not to 
be measured ; immeasurable. 

IM-MEN'SU-RATE, a. Unmeasured. TV. Mountagu. 

IM-MER6E', (im-merj') v.t. [L.immergo.'] 1. To plunge 
into or under a fluid. 2. v. i. To enter the light of the 
sun, as a star, or the shadow of the earth, as tne moon. 

tIM-MER'IT, 71. Want of worth. 

t IM-MER'IT-ED, a. Unmerited. 

tIM-MER'IT-OUS, a. Undeserving. 

IM-MERSE', (im-mers') v. t. [L. immersiis.] 1. To put un- 
der water or other fluid ; to plunge ; to dip. 2. To sink 
or cover deep ; to cover wholly. 3. To plunge ; to over- 
whelm ; to involve ; to engage deeply. 

t IM-MERSE', a. Buried ; covered ; sunk deep. Bacon. 

IM-MERS'ED, (im-mersf) pp. Put into a fluid ; plunged ; 
deeply engaged ; enveloped. 

IM-MEES'ING, ppr. Plunging into a fluid : dipping ; over- 
whelming ; deeply engaging. 

IM-MER'SION, n. I. The act of putting into a fluid below 
the surface ; the act of plunging into a fluid till covered. 
2. The state of sinking into a fluid. 3. The state of being 
overw^iShned or deeply engaged. — 4. In nstronoiny, the 
act of entering into the light of the sun, or into the shadow 
of the earth. 

IM-MESH',7j.t. To entangle in the meshes of a net. 

IM-MESH'ED, (im-meshf) pp. Entangled in meshes or webs. 

IM-MESH'ING, ppr. Entangling in meshes or webs. 

t IM-METH'OD-ED, a. Not having method ; without regu- 
larity . 

IM-ME-THOD'I-€AL, a. Having no method ; without sys- 
tematic arrangement ; without order or regularity ; con- 
fused. 

IM-ME-THOD'I-€AL-LY, adv. Without order or regulari- 
ty ; irregularly. 

JM-ME-THOD'I-€AL-NESS, n. Want of method. 

IM'MI-GRANT, n. A person that removes into a country 
for the purpose of permanent residence. 

IM'MI-GRATE, v. i. [L. immigro.] To remove into a coun- 
try for the purpose of permanent residence. Belknap. 

IM-MI-GRa'TION, n. The passing or removing into a 
country for the purpose of permanent residence. 

IM'MI-NENCE, n. [L. imminentia.] Properly, a hanging 
over, but used by Shakspeare for impending evil or dan- 
ger. [Little vsed.] 

IIVWMI-NENT, a. [L. imminens.'\ Literally, shooting over ; 
hence, hanging over ; impending ; threatening ; near j ap- 
pearing as if about to fall on ; used of evils. 

IM-MIN'GLE, V. t. To mingle ; to mix ; to unite with. 

IM-MIN'GLED, p;7. Mixed ; mingled. 

IM-MIN'GLING, Z7f>r. Mixing; mingling. 

IM-MI-Nu'TION, n. [L. imminutio.] A lessening ; dimi- 
nution ; decrease. 

IM-MIS-CI-BIL'I-TY, n. [L. immisceo.] Incapacity of be- 
ing mixed. 

IM-MISCI-BLE, a. Not capable of being mixed. 

IM-MIS'SION, 71. [Tu. tmmissio.] The act of sending or thrust- 
ing in ; injection. 

IM-MIT', V. t. [L. immitto.'] To send in ; to inject. 

IM-MIT'I-GA-BLE, a. That cannot be mitigated. 

IM-MIX', V. t. To mix ; to mingle. 

IM-MIX'A-BLE, a. Not capable of being mixed. 

IM-MTXT'f ' i "■ Unmixed. Herbert. 

IM-MO-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. immobilite.] Unmovablenesg ; 



fixedness in place or state ; resistance to motion, .^rbuth- 
not. 

IM-MOD'ER-A-CY, n. Excess. Brown. 

IM-MOD'ER-ATE, a. [L. immoderatus.] Exceeding just or 
usual bounds ; not confined to suitable limits ; excessive ; 
extravagant ; unreasonable. 

IM-MOD'ER-ATE-LY, adv. Excessively ; to an undue de- 
gree ; unreasonably. 

IM-MOD'ER-ATE-NESS, n. Excess ; extravagance. • 

IM-MOD-ER-A'TION, n. Excess; want of moderation. 

IM-MOD'EST, a. [Fr. immodeste.] 1. Immoderate ; exor- 
bitant ; unreasonable ; arrogant. 2. Wanting in the re- 
serve or restraint which decency requires ; wanting in de- 
cency and delicacy. 3. Wanting in chestity ; unchaste ; 
lewd. 4. Impure ; indelicate. 5. Obscene. 

IM-MOD'EST-LY, adv. Without due reserve ; indecently ; 
unchastely ; obscenely. 

IM-MOD'EST-Y, n. [L. immodestia.] 1. Want of mod -sty ; 
indecency ; unchastity. 2. Want of delicacy or decent 
rGS6rvG« 

IM'MQ-LATE, v. t. [Fr. immoler.] 1. To sacrifice ; to kUl, , 
as a victim offered in sacrifice. 2. To offer in sacrifice. 

IM'MO-LA-TED, pp. Sacrificed ; offered in sacrifice. 

IM'MO-LA-TING, ppr. Sacrificing ; offering, as a victim. 

IM-MO-La'TION, n. 1. The act of sacrificing. Brown. 2. 
A sacrifice offered. 

IM'MO-LA-TOR, n. One who offers in sacrifice. 

IM-MoLD', V. t. To form ; to mold. Q. Fletcher. V 

IM-MO'MENT, a. Trifling. [JVoJ English.] Shak. 

IM-MO-MENT'OUS, a. Unimportant. Seward. 

IM-MOR'AL, a. 1. Inconsistent with moral rectitude ; con- 
trary to the moral or divine law ; wicked ; unjust ; dis- 
honest ; vicious. 2. Wicked or unjust in practice ; vi- 
cious ; dishonest. 

IM-MO-RAL'I-TY, n. Any act or practice which contra- 
venes the divine commands or the social duties. 

IM-MOR'AL-LY, adv. Wickedly ; viciously ; in violatioi. 
of law or duty. 

IM-MO-RIG'ER-OUS, a. [Low L. immoriger.] Rnde ; un • 
civil. Stackhouse. 

IM-M0-RI6'ER-0US-NESS, n. Rudeness; disobedience 
JBp. Taylor. 

IM-MOR'TAL, a. [L. immortalis.] 1. Having no principle 
of alteration or corruption ; exempt from death ; having 
life or being that shall never end. 2. Never-ending ; ev- 
erlasting ; continual. 3. Perpetual ; having unlimited ex- 
istence. 4. Destined to live in all the ages of this world , 
imperishable. 

IM-MOR-TAL'I-TY, n. ]. The quality of never ceasing to 
live or exist ; exemption from death and annihilation ; 
life destined to endure without end. 2. Exemption from 
oblivion. 3. Perpetuity ; existence not limited. 

IM-MOR-TAL-J-Za'TION, n. The act of immortalizing. 

IM-MOR'TAL-IZE, v. t. [Fr. immortaliser.] 1. To render 
immortal ; to make perpetual ; to cause to live or exist 
while the world shall endure. 2. To exempt from oblivi- 
on ; to make perpetual . 

t IM-MOR'TAL-iZE, v. i. To become immortal. Pope. 

IM-MOR'TAL-lZED, pp. Rendered immortal or perpetual. 

IM-MOR'TAL-iZ-ING,pjjr. Making immortal. 

IM-MOR'TAL-LY, adv. With endless existence ; with ex- 
emption from death. 

IM-M0R-TI-FI-€a'TI0N, n. Want of subjection of the 
passions. Bp. Taiilor. 

IM-M5V-A-BIL'I-TY, n. Steadfastness that cannot be mov- 
ed or shaken. 

IM-M5V'A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be moved from its 
place. 2. Not to be moved from a purpose ; steadfast ; 
fixed ; that cannot be induced to change or alter. ? 
That cannot be altered or shaken ; unalterable ; un- 
changeable. 4. That cannot be affectea or moved ; not 
impressible ; not susceptible "of compassion or tender feel- 
ings ; unfeeling. 5. Fixed ; not liable to be removed ; 
permanent in place. 6. Not to be shaken or agitated. 

IM-MdV'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being immovable. 

IM-MOV'A-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be moved from 
its place or purpose ; or in a manner not to be shaken ; 
unalterably ; unchangeably. 

IM-MUND', a. [L. immundus.] Unclean. 

IM-MUN-DTC'I-TY, n. Uncleanness. Mountagu. 

IM-Mu'NI-TY, n. [Fr. immunity.'] 1 Freedom or exemp- 
tion from obligation. 2. Exemption from any charge, du- 
ty, office, tax or imposition ; a particular privilege. 3. 
Freedom. 

IM-MtJRE', V. t. [Norm, emmurrer.l 1. To inclose with- 
in walls ; to shut up ; to confine. 2. To wall ; to sur 
round with walls. 3. To imprison. 

t IM-MtJRE', n. A wall. Shak. 

IM-MuR'ED, (im-murd') pp. Confined within walls. 

IM-Mu'SI-€AL, a. Not musical ; inharmonious ; not ac 
cordant ; harsh. Bacon. 

IM-MU-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. immutabilite.'] Unchangea 
bleness ; the quality that renders change or alteration im- 
possible ; invariableness. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this, j Obsolete. 



IMP 



432 



IMP 



IM-Mu'TA-BLE, a. [h. immutdbilis.] Unchangeable ; in- 
variable ; unalterable ; not capable or susceptible of 
change. 

IM-Md'TA-BLE-NESS, 71. Unchaageableness ; immutabU- 
ity. 

IM-MCTA-BLY, adv. Unchangeably ; unalterably ; invari- 
ably ; in a manner that admits of no change. 

IM-Mu'TATE, a. [L. immutatua.] Unchanged. 

IM-MU-Ta'TION, n, [L. immutatio.] Change ; alteration. 

IM-MvTRi,v.t.[li.im7auto.] To change; to alter. Salkeld. 

IMP, n, [W. imp.] 1. A son ; offspring ; progeny. 2. A 
subaltern or puny devil. Milton. 

IMP, V. t. [W. impiaw.] 1. To graft. Chaucer. 2. To 
lengthen ; to extend or enlarge by something inserted or 
added. 

IM-Pa'CA-BLE, a. Not to be appeased or quieted. 

IM-PA€T', V. t. [L. impactus.] To drive close ; to press or 
drive firmly together. Woodward. 

IM'PA€T, n. Touch; impression. Darwin. 

IM-PA€T'ED, pp. Driven hard ; made close by driving. 

TM-PaINT', v. t. To paint ; to adorn with colors. 

IM-PAIR', V. t. [Fr. empirer.] 1. To make worse ; to di- 
minish in quantity, value or excellence. 2. To weaken ; 
to enfeeble.- 

IM-PAIR', V. i. To be lessened or worn out. [Little used.'] 

IM'PAIR, a. [L. impar.] In crystal ography, when a dif- 
ferent number of faces is presented by the prism, and by 
each summit ; but the three numbers follow no law of 



t IM-PAIR', or IM-PAIR'MENT, ?i. Diminution ; decrease ; 
injury. Brown. 

IM-PAIR'ED, (im-paird') p;). Diminished; injured; weak- 
ened. 

IM-PAIR'ER, n. He or that which impairs. 

IM-PAIR'ING, ppr. Making worse ; lessening ; injuring ; 
enfeebling. 

IM-PAL'A-TA-BLE, a. Unpalatable. [Little used.] 

IM-PaLE', v. t. [L. in and palus.] 1. To fix on a stake ; to 
put to death by fixing on an upright, sharp stake. [See 
Empale, j 2. To inclose with stakes, posts or palisades. 
—3. In heraldry, to join two coats of arms pale-wise. 

t IM-PAL'LID, v. t. To make pallid or pale. Feltham. 

IM-PALM', (im-pam') v. t. [L. in and palma.] To grasp ; to 
take in the hand. 

IM-PAL-PA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of not being palpa- 
ble, or perceptible by the touch. Jortin. 

IM-PAL'PA-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1 . Not to be felt ; that cannot 
be perceived by the touch. 2. Not coarse or gross. 

IM-PAL'SY, v. t. To strike w:th palsy ; to paralize ; to 
deaden. 

IM'PA-NATE, a. [L. in and panis.] Imbodied in bread. 
Cranmer. 

:.M'PA-NATE, v. t. To imbody with bread. Waterland. 

1M-PA-Na'TION, 72, The supposed substantial presence of 
the body and blood of Christ, with the substance of the 
bread and wine, after consecration, in the eucharist; a 
tenet of the Lutheran church. 

IM-PAN'NEL, v. t. To write or enter the names of a jury 
in a list or on a piece of parchment, called a,pannel; to 
form, complete or enroll a list of jurors. 

JM-PAN'NELED, pp. Having the names entered in a pan- 
nel ; formed, as a jury. 

IM-PAN'NEL-ING, ppr. Writing the names on a pannel ; 
forming, asa jury. 

IM-PAR'A-DiSE, v. t. [Jt. imparadisare.] To put in a place 
of felicity ; to make happy. 

IM-PAR'A-DiSED, pp. Placed in a condition resembling 
that of paradise ; made happy- 

IM-PAR'A-DI-SING, ppr. Making very happy. 

t IM-PAR'AL-LELED, a. Unparalleled. Burnet. 

IM-PAR-A-SYL-LAB'IC, a. [L. in, par, and syllaia.] Not 
consisting of an equal number of syllables. 

IM-PAR'DON-A-BLE, a. Unpardonable. South. 

IM-PAR'I-TY, 71. 1. Inequality ; disproportion. 2, Odd- 
ness ; indivisibility into equal parts. 3. Difference of de- 
gree, rank or excellence. 

IM-PARK', V. t. To inclose for a park ; to make a park by 
inclosure ; to sever from a common. 

IM-PaRL', v.i. [Norm, empeiler.] To hold mutual dis- 
course ; appropriately, in laio, to have license to settle a 
lawsuit amicably ; to have delay for mutual adjustment. 

: M-PaR'LANCE, 71. 1. Properly, leave for mutual dis- 
course ; appropriately, in laio, the license or privilege of a 
defendant to have delay of trial, to see if lie can settle the 
matter amicably 2. The continuance of a cause till an- 
other day,. 

IM-PAR-SON-EE', a. A parson impar sonee is a parson pre- 
sented, instituted and inducted into a rectory. 

iM-PART', V. t. [L. impertior.] 1. To give, grant or com- 
municate ; to bestow on another a share or portion of 
something. 2. To grant ; to give ; to confer. 3. To com- 
municate the knowledge of something ; to make known ; 
to show by words or tokens. 

IM-P'n.RT'ANCE, 71. Commimication of a share ; grant. 



IM-PAR-Ta'TION, n. The act of imparting or conferring. 

IM-PART'ED, pp. Communicated ; granted ; conferred. 

IM-PAR'TIAL, a. 1. Not partial ; not biased in favor of one 
party more than another ; indifferent ; unprejudiced ; dis- 
interested. 2. Not favoring one party more than another ; 
equitable ; just. 

IM-PAR'TIAL-IST, 71. One who is impartial. 

IM-PAR-TIAL'I-TY, (im-par-shal'e-ty) n. 1. Indifference of 
opinion or judgment ; freedom from bias in favor of one 
side or party more than another ; disinterestedness. . 2. 
Equitableness ; justice. 

IM-PAR'TIAL-LY, adv. Without bias of judgment ; with- 
out prejudice ; equitably ; justly. 

IM-PAR-TI-BIL'I-TY, 71. I. The quality of not being sub- 
ject to partition. 2. The quality of being capable of being 
communicated. 

IM-PART'I-BLE, a. [Sp. impartible.] 1. Not partible or 
subject to partition. 2. [from impart.] That may be ini 
parted, conferred, bestowed or communicated. 

IM-PART'ING, ppr. Communicating; granting; bestow- 
ing. 

IM-PART'MENT, n. The act of imparting ; the communi- 
cation of knowledge ; disclosure. Shak. 

IM-PASS'A-BLE, a. That cannot be passed ; not admitting 
a passage. Milton. 

IM-PASS'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being impassable. 

IM-PASS'A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree that prevents 
passing, or the power of passing. 

IM-PAS-SI-BIL'I-TY, or IM-PAS'SI-BLE-NESS, n. Exemp- 
tion from pain or suffering ; insusceptibility of injury from 
external things. 

IM-PAS'SI-BLE, a. [Fr. impassible.] Incapable of pain, pas- 
sion or suffering ; that cannot be aifected with pain or un- 



IM-PAS'SION, V. t. To move or affect strongly with pas- 
sion. 

IM-PAS'SION-ATE, v. t. To affect powerfully. 

IM-PAS'SION-ATE, a. 1. Strongly affected. 2. Without 
passion or feeling. Burton. 

IM-PAS'SIONED, a. 1. Actuated or agitated by passion. 2. 
Animated ; excited ; having the feelings warmed. 3. An- 
imated ; expressive of passion or ardor. 

IM-PAS'SIVE, a. [L. in and passus.] Not susceptible of 
pain or suffering. Dryden. 

IM-PASiSIVE-LY, adv. Without sensibility to pain. 

IM-PAS'SIVE-NESS, n. The state of being insusceptible of 
pain. Mountaffu. 

IM-PAS-SIV'I-TY, n. The quality of being insusceptible of 
feeling, pain or suffering. 

IM-PAS-Ta'TION, n. The mixtion of various materials of 
different colors and consistences. 

IM-PaSTE', v. t. [Fr. empciter.] 1. To knead ; to make into 
paste. — 2. In painting, to lay on colors thick and bold. 

IM-PaST'ED, a. 1. Concreted, as into paste. Shak. 2. Past- 
ed over ; covered with paste, or with thick paint. 

IM-PAT'I-BLE, a. [L. impatibilis .] Intolerable ; that can- 
not be borne. 

IM-Pa'TIENCE, (im-pa'shens) n. [Fr. ; L. impatientia. ■ 
Uneasiness under pain or suffering; the not enduring 
pain with composure ; restlessness. 

IM-Pa'TIENT, a. [L. impatiens.] I. Uneasy or fretful un- 
der suffering ; not bearing pain with composure ; not en- 
during evil without fretfulness, uneasiness, and a desire 
or effort to get rid of the evil. 2. Not suffering quietly ; 
not enduring. 3. Hasty ; eager ; not enduring delay. 4. 
Not to be borne. 

IM-Pa'TIENT, n. One who is restless under suffering. 

IM-Pa'TIENT-LY, adv. 1. With uneasiness or restlessness. 
2. With eager desire causing uneasiness. 3. Passionate- 
ly ; ardently. 

IM-PAT-RON-I-Za'TION, 71. Absolute seignory or posses- 
sion. Cotgrave. 

IM-PAT'RON-iZE, v. t. [Fr. impair oniser.] To gain to 
one's self the power of any seignory. 

IM-PAWN', v. t. To pawn ; to pledge ; to deposit as secu- 
rityV 

IM PeACH', v. t. [Fr. empScher.] 1. To hinder ; to impede 

2. To accuse ; to charge with a crime or misdemeanor 

3, To accuse ; to censure ; to call in question. 4. To call 
to account ; to charge as answerable. 

flM-PEACH', V. Hinderance. 

IM-PeACH'A-BLE, a. 1. Liable to accusation ; chargeable 
with a crime ; accusable'; eiensurable. 2. Liable to be 
called in question ; accountable. 

IM-PeACH'ED, (im-peechf) pp. Hindered ; [obs.] 9. Ac- 
cused ; charged with a crime, misdemeanor or Vi^rong ; 
censured. 

IM-PeACH'ER, n. An accuser by authority ; one who calls 
in qjiestion. 

IM-PeACH'ING, ;>pr. 1. Hindering; [obs.] 2, Accusing 
by authority : calling in question the rectitude of co:*duct. 

IM-PeACH'MENT, n. 1. Hinderance ; impediment ; stop ; 
obstruction ; [obs.] Shak. 2. An accusation or cliarge 
brought against a public officer for maladministration in 



* See Sy7iopsis. A, E, I, O, tj, ?, long.~Y-AR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BtRi) ■, 



t Obsolete.. 



IMP 



433 



IMP 



hla office. 3. The act of impeaching. 4. Censure ; ac- 
cusation ; a calling in question the purity of motives or 
the rectitude of conduct, &c. 5. The act of calling to ac- 
count, as for waste. 6. The state of being Uable to ac- 
count, as for waste. 

IM-PEARL', (im-perl ) v. t. 1. To form in the resemblance 
of pearls. 2. To decorate with pearls, or with things re- 
sembling pearls. 

IM-PE€-€A-BIL'I-TY, or IM-PEe'CAN-CY, n. The qual- 
ity of not being liable to sin j exemption from sin, error 
or offense. Pope. 

IM-PE€'€A-BLE, a. [Sp. impecable ; Ft. impeccable.] Not 
liable to sin ; not subject to sin 5 exempt from the possibil- 
ity of sinning. 

IM-PeDE', v. t. [fep. impedir ; L. impedio.] To hinder ; to 
stop^in progress ; to obstruct. 

IM-PeD'ED, pp. Hindered ; stopped ; obstructed. 

IM-PED'I-MENT, n. [L. impedimentum.] 1. That which 
hinders progress or motion ; hinderance ; obstruction. 2. 
That which prevents distinct articulation. 

t IM-PED'I-MENT, v.t. To impede. Bp. Reynolds. 

IM-PED-I-MENT'AL, a. Hindering ; obstructing. 

(M-PeD'ING, ppr. Hindering ; stopping 3 obstructing. 

i IM'PE-DITE, V. t. To impede. , 

IM-PED'I-TlVE, a. Causing hinderance. Sanderson. 

IM-PEL', V. t. [Sp. impeler ; L. impello.] To drive or urge 
forward ; to press on ; to excite to action. 

IM-PELL'ED, (ira-pelld') pp. Driven forward ; urged on ; 
moved by any force or power. 

iM-PELL'ENT, n. A power or force that drives forward ; 
impulsive power. Olanmlle. 

IM-PELL'ER, Ji. He or that which impels, 

fM-PELL'ING, ppr. Driving forward ; urging ; pressing. 

IM-PEN', V. t. To pen ; to shut or inclose. 

IM-PEND', V. i. [L. impendeo.] 1. To hang over ;■ to be 
suspended above ; to threaten. 2. To be near ; to be ap- 
proaching and ready to fall on. 

tM-PEND'ENCE, ) n. The state of hanging over ; near ap- 

/M-PEND'EN-CY, \ proach ; a menacing attitude. 

IM-PEND'ENT, a. Hanging over 5 imminent ; threatening ; 
pressing closely. Hale. 

IM-PEND'ING, ppr. Hanging over; approaching near; 
threatening. 

IM-PEN-E-TRA-BIL'I-TY, 71. 1. The quaUty of being im- 
penetrable.— 2. In philosophy, that quality of matter which 
prevents two bodies from occupying the same space at 
the same time. 3. Insusceptibility of intellectual im- 
pression. 

>M-PEN'E-TRA-BLE, a. [L. impenetrabilis.] 1. That can- 
not be penetrated or pierced ; not admitting the passage 
of other bodies. 2. Not to be affected or moved ; not ad- 
mitting impressions on the mind. 3. Not to be entered 
by the sight. 4. Not to be entered and viewed by the eye 
or the intellect. 

iM-PEN'E-TRA-BLE-NESS, n. ImpenetrabUity, which 

jM-PEN'E-TRA-BLY, adv. 1. With solidity that admits 
not of being penetrated. 2. With hardness that admits 
not of impression. 

iM-PEN'I-TENCE, )n. [Fr. impenitence.] Want of peni- 

[M-PEN'I-TEN-CY, ) tence or repentance ; absence of 
contrition or sorrow for sin ; obduracy ; hardness of 
heart. 

IM-PEN'I-TENT, a. [Fr.] Not periitent ; not repenting of 
sin ; not contrite ; obdurate ; of a hard heart. 

IM-PEN'I-TENT, n. One who does not repent ; a hardened 
sinner. 

IM-PEN'I-TENT-LY, adv. Without repentance or con- 
trition for sin ; obdurately. 

IM-PEN'NOUS, a. Wanting wings. 

1M-PeO'PLE, v. t. To form into a community. Beaumont. 

I IM'PE-RATE, a. [L. imperatus.] Done by impulse or di- 
rection of the mind. South. 

IM-PER'A-TlVE, a. [Fr. imperatif ; L. imperativus.] 1. 
Commanding ; expressive of command ; containing posi- 
tive command. — ^2. In grammar, the imperative mode of 
a verb is that which expresses command. 

IM-PER'A-TIVE-LY, adv. With command; authorita- 
tively. 

t IM-PER-A-To'Rl-AL, a. Commanding. J\rorris. 

IM-PER-CEP'TI-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Not to be perceived ; not 
to be known or discovered by the senses. 2. Very small ; 
fine ; minute in dimensions ; or very slow in motion or 
progress. 

IM-PER-CEP'TI-BLE, n. That which cannot be perceived 
by the senses on account of its smallness. [Little used.] 

IM-PER-CEP'TI-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being im- 
perceptible. Hale. 

IM-PER-CEP'TI-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be per- 
ceived. 

IM-PER-CIP'I-ENT, a. Not perceiving or having power to 

perceive. Baxter. 
IM-PER-DI-BIL'I-TY, n. State or quality of being ira- 
perdible. 



IM-PER'DI-BLE, a. Not destructible. 

IM-PER'FE€T, a. [l.. imperfectus.] 1. Not finished ; not 
complete. 2. Defective ; not entire, sound or whole ; 
wanting a part ; impaired. 3. Not perfect m intellect ; 
liable to err. 4. Not perfect in a moral view ; not accord- 
ing to the laws of God, or the rules of right.— 5. In gram- 
mar, the imperfect tense denotes an action in time past, 
then present, but not finished. — 6. In music, incomplete ; 
not having all the accessary sounds. 

tIM-PER'FE€T, v. t. To make imperfect. Brown. 

IM-PER-FE€'TION, n. [Fr., from L. imperfectio.] Defect ; 
fault ; the want of a part or of something necessary to 
complete a thing. 

IM-PER'FE€T-LY, adv. In an imperfect manner or degree 
not fully ; not entirely ; not completely. 

IM-PER'FE€T-NESS, n. The state of being imperfect 

IM-PER'FO-RA-BLE, a. That cannot be perforated. 

IM-PER'FO-RATE, a. [L. in and perforatus.] Not perfo- 
rated or pierced ; having no opening. Sharpe. 

IM-PER'FO-RA-TED, a. 1. Not perforated. 2. Having no 
pores. 

IM-PER-FO-RA'TION, n. The state of being not perforated, 
or without any aperture. 

IM-PE'RI-AL, a. [Fr. ; L. imperialis.] 1. Pertaining to an 
empire, or to an emperor. 2. Royal; belonging to a 
monarch. 3. Pertaining to royalty ; denoting sovereign- 
ty. 4. Commanding ; maintaining supremacy.— Imperial 
chamber, the sovereign court of the German empire. — Im- 
perial city, a city in Germany which has no head but the 
emperor. — Imperial diet, an assembly of all the states of 
the^erman empire. 

IM-Pe'RI-AL-IST, n. One who belongs to an emperor ; a 
subject or soldier of an emperor. 

IM-PE-RI-AL'I-TY, n. 1. Imperial power. 2. The right 
of an emperor to a share of the produce of mines, &c. 

IM-PE'RI-AL-lZED, a. Belonging to an emperor. Fuller. 

IM-Pe'RI-AL-LY, adv. In a royal manner. 

IM-PER'IL, v.t. To bring into danger. Spenser. 

IM-Pe'RI-OUS, a. [L. imperiosus.] 1. Commanding ; dic- 
tatorial ; haughty ; arrogant ; overbearing ; domineering. 
2. Commanding ; indicating an imperious temper ; au- 
thoritative. 3. Powerful ; overbearing ; not to be opposed 
by obstacles. 4. Commanding ; urgent ; pressing. 5 
Authoritative ; commanding with rightful authority. 

IM-Pe'RI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With arrogance of command , 
with a haughty air of authority ; in a domineering man- 
ner^ 2. With urgency or force not to be opposed. 

IM-Pe'RI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Authority ; air of command. 
South. 2. Arrogance of command ; haughtiness. 

IM-PER'ISH-A-BLE, a. [Fr. imperissable?] Not subject to 
decay ; not liable to perish ; indestructible ; enduring 
permanently. 

IM-PER'ISH-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being imper- 
ishable. 

IM-PER'I-WIGGED, a. [Fr. emperruque.] Wearing a peri- 
wig. 

IM-PER'MA-NENCE, n. Want of permanence. 

IM-PER'MA-NENT, a. Not permanent. 

IM-PER-ME-A-BIL'I-TY, 71. The quality of being imper- 
meable by a fluid. Cavallo. 

IM-PER'ME-A-BLE, a. [L. 171 and permeo.] Not to be 
passed through the pores by a fluid. 

IM-PER'SON-AL, a. [Fr. impersonncl.] In grammar, an 
impersonal verb is one which is used only with the ter- 
mination of the third person singular, with it for a nomina- 
tive in English, and without a nominative in Latin ; as, 
it rains. 

IM-PER-SON-AL'I-TY, n. Indistinction of personality. 

IM-PER'SON-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of an impersonal 
verb. 

IM-PER'SON-ATE, v. t. To personify. Warton. 

IM-PER'SON-A-TED, a. Made persons of. Warton, 

IM-PER-SPI-€U'I-TY, n. Want of perspicuity, or clearnesB 
to the mind . 

IM-PER-SPI€'U-OUS, a. Not perspicuous ; not clear. 

IM-PER-SUa'SI-BLE, a. ['L.im.n&persuasibilis.] Not to 
be moved by persuasion ; not yielding to arguments. 

IM-PER'TI-NENCE, ) n. [Fr. impertinence.] 1. That 

IM-PER'TI-NEN-CY, j which is not pertinent ; that 
which does not belong to the subject in hand ; that which 
is of no weight. 2. The state of not being pertinent. 3. 
Folly ; rambling thought. 4. Rudeness ; improper intru- 
sion ; interference by word or conduct which is not con- 
sistent with the age or station of the person. 5. A trifle j 
a thing of little or no value. 

IM-PER'TI-NENT, a. [L. impertinens.] 1. Not pertaining 
to the matter in hand ; of no weight ; having no bearing 
on the subject. Tillotson. 2. Rude ; intrusive ; meddling 
with that which does not belong to the person 3. Trifling ; 
foolish ; negligent of the present purpose. 
IM-PER'TI-NENT, 71. An intruder ; a meddler ; one who 

interferes in what does not belong to him. 
IM-PER'TI-NENT-LY, adv. 1. Without relation to the 
matter in hand. 2. Officiously ; intrusively ; rudely. 



See &tinopins. MOVE, BQQK, DOVE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— €as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH } TH as in <Aw. t ObmiltiA 



IMP 



434 



IMP 



IM-PER-TRAN-SI-BIL'I-TY, ti. The quality of not being 
capable of being passed through. Hale. 

IM-PER-TRAN'SI-BLE, a. Not to be passed through. 

IM-PER-TURB'A-BLE, a. That cannot be disturbed or 
agitated ; permanently quiet. Encyc. 

IM-PER-TUR-Ba'TION, 71. Freedom from agitation of 
mind ; calmness. W. Mountague. 

flM-PER-TURB'ED, (im-per-turbd') a. Undisturbed. Bai- 
ley. 

JM-PER'VI-OUS, a. [L. impervius .} 1. Not to be penetrated 
or passed through ; impenetrable. 2. Not penetrable ; not 
to be pierced by a pointed instrument. 3. Not penetrable 
by light ; not permeable to fluids. 

IM-PER'VI-OUS-LY, adv. In a manner to prevent passage 
or penetration, 

IM-PER'VI-OUS-NESS, n. The state of not admitting a 
passage. 

t IM-PES'TER, V. t. [Yx.im-pestrer.'] To trouble j to harass. 
Cotgrave. 

IM-PE-TI6'IN-0US, a. [L. impetigo.] Resembling the 
ring-worm or tetters : covered with scales or scabs ; scurfy. 

IM'PE-TRA-BLE, a. That may be obtained by petition. 

IM'PE-TRATE, v. t. [L. impetro.] To obtain by request or 
entreaty. Usher. 

IM-PE-TRa'TION, n. 1. The act of obtaining by prayer or 
petition.— 2. In law, the preobtaining of benefices from 
the church of Rome, which belonged to the disposal of the 
king and other lay patn^ns of the realm. 

IM'PE-TRA-TlVE, a. (obtaining ; tending to obtain by en- 
treaty. Bp. Hall. 

IM'PE-TRA-TO-RY, a. Beseechmg; containing entreaty. 
Taylor. 

IM-PET-U-0S1-TY, n. 1. A rushing with violence and 
great force ; fury 5 violence. 2. Vehemence ; furiousness 
of temper. 

IM-PET'U-OUS, a. [Ft. impetueux ; L. impetuosus.'j I. 
Rushing with great force and violence ; moving rapidly ; 
furious ; forcible ; fierce ; raging. 2. Vehement of mind ; 
fierce ; hasty ; passionate ; violent. 

IM-PET'U-OUS-LY, adv. ViolenUy 5 fiercely; forcibly; 
with haste and force. Addison. 

IM-PET'U-OUS-NESS, n. 1. A driving or rushing with 
haste and violence ; furiousness ; fury ; violence. 2. 
Vehemence of temper ; violence. 

IMPE-TUS, n. [L.] ]. Force of motion; the force with 
which any body is driven or impelled. 2. The force 
with which one body in motion strikes another. 

IM-PI€'TURED, a. Painted ; impressed. Spenser. 

IM'PIER. See Umpire. 

* t IM-PIERCE', V. t. To pierce through; to penetrate. 
Drayton. 

* IM-PIERCE'A-BLE, (un-pers'a-bl,or un-peers'a-bl) a. Not 
to be pierced or penetrated. Spenser. 

IM-PI'E-TY, 71. [Fr. impiete ; L. impietas.] 1. Ungodliness ; 
irreverence towards the Supreme Being ; contempt of the 
divine character and authority ; neglect of the divine pre- 
cepts. 2. Any act of wickedness, as blasphemy and 
scoffing at the Supreme Being, or at his authority ; pro- 

t IM-PIG'NO-RATE, v. t. To pledge or pawn. 

t IM-PIG-NO-Ra'TION, 71. The act of pawning. 

IM-PIN6E', (un-pinjO v. i. [L. impingo.] To fall against ; 
to strike ; to dash against ; to clash upon. 

IM-PIN6'ING, ppr. Striking agamst. 

t IM-PIN'GUATE, V. t. To fatten ; to make fat. 

IM'PI-OUS, a. [lu. iinpius.] 1. Irreverent towards the Su- 
preme Being ; wanting in veneration for God and his au- 
thority ; irreligious ; profane. 2. Irreverent towards God ; 
proceeding from or manifesting a contempt for the Su- 
preme Being ; tending to dishonor Gcd or his laws, and 
bring them into contempt. 

IM'PI-OUS-LY, adv. With irreverence for God, or contempt 
for his authority ;. profanely ; wickedly. 

IM'PI-OUS-NESS, n. Impiety ; contempt of God and his 
laws. 

IM-PLA-€A-BIL'I-TY,orIM-PLA'€A-BLE-NESS, n. The 
quality of not being appeasable ; inexorableness ; irrecon- 
cilable enmity or anger. 

IM-PLa'€A-BLE, a. [Fr., from L. implacabilis.] 1. Not 
to be appeased ; that cannot be pacified and rendered 
peaceable ; inexorable ; stubborn or constant in enmity. 
2. Not to be appeased or subdued. 

IM-PLa'€A->BLY, adv. With enmity not to be pacified or 
subdued; inexorably. 

IM-PLANT', V. t. To set, plant or infix for the purpose of 
growth. 

IM-PLANT-a'TION, n. The act of setting or infixing in 
the mind or heart, as principles. 

IM-PLANT'ED, pp. Set ; infixed in the mind, as principles 
or rudiments. 

IM-PLANT'ING, ppr. Setting or infixing in the mind, as 
principles. 

IM-PLAUS-I-BIL'I-TY, n . The quality of not being plausi- 
ble or specious. 



IM-PLAUS'I-BLE, a. Not specious ; not wearing the ap- 
pearance of truth or credibiUty, and not likely to be 
believed. 

IM-PLAUS'I-BLY, adv. Without an appearance of proba- 
bility." 

t IM-PLeACH', v. t. To interweave. Shak. 

IM-PLeAD', v. t. To institute and prosecute a suit against 
one in court ; to sue at law. 

IM-PLeAD'ED, pp. Prosecuted ; sued ; subject to answer 
to a suit in court. 

IM-PLeAD'ER, n. One who- prosecutes another. 

IM-PLeAD'ING, ppr. Prosecuting a suit. 

t IM-PLeAS'ING, a. Unpleasing. 

IM-PLEDGE', v. t. To pawn. 

IM'PLE-MENT, n. [Low L. implementum.] Whatever may 
supply wants ; particularly, as now used, tools, utensils, 
vessels, instruments ; the tools or instruments of labor. 

IM-PLe'TION, n. [L. impleo.] The act of fiUing ; the state 
of being full. 

IM'PLEX, a. [L. impleziis.] Infolded ; intricate ; entangled j 
complicated. 

IM-PLEX'ION, 71. The act of infolding or involving ; the 
state of being involved ; involution. 

IM'PLI-€ATE, V. t. [Fr. impliquer ; L. implico.] 1. To in- 
fold ; to involve ; to entangle. 2. To involve ; to bring 
into connection with ; also, to show or prove to be con- 
nected or concerned. 

IM'PLI-€A-TED, pp. 1. Infolded ; involved. 2. Involved ; . 
connected ; concerned ; proved to be concerned or to have 
had a part. 

IM'PLI-€A-TING, ppr. Involving; proving to be con- 
cerned. 

IM-PLI-€a'TION, n. [L. implicatio.] 1. The act of infold- 
ing or involving. 2. Involution ; entanglement. 3. An 
implying, or that which is implied, but not expressed ; a 
tacit inference, or something fairly to be understood, 
though not expressed in words. 

IM'PLI-€A-TlVE, a. Having implication. 

IM'PLI-€A-TlVE-LY, adv. By unplication- Btick. 

IM-PLlC'IT, a. [L. implicitiLs.] 1. Infolded ; entangled ; 
complicated. 2. Implied ; tacitly comprised ; fairly to be 
understood, though not expressed in words. 3. Resting 
on another ; trusting to the word or authority of another, 
without doubting or reserve, or without examining into 
the truth of the thing itself. 

IM-PLiC'IT-LY, adv. 1. By mference deducible, but not 
expressed in words ; virtually ; in reality, but not in name. 
2. By connection with something else ; dependently ; 
with unreserved confidence. 

IM-PLIC'IT-NESS, 71. The state of being implicit ; the state 
of trusting without reserve. 

IM-PLi'ED, (im-plide') pp. Involved ; contained virtually, 
though not expressed. 

IM-PLI'ED-LY, adv. By implication. 

IM-PLO-Ra'TION, 71. Earnest supplication. Bp. Hall 

IM-PLoRE', V. t. [Fr. implorer ; L. imploro.] 1. To call 
upon or for, in supplication ; to beseech ; to pray earnest- 
ly ; to petition with urgency ; to entreat. 2. To ask 
earnestly ; to beg. 

IM-PL6RE', V. i. To entreat ; to beg. 

tIM-PLoRE', 7?. Earnest supplication. Speriser. 

IM-PLoR'ED, (im-plord') pp. Earnestly supplicated. 

IM-PLoR'ER, 71. One who prays earnestly. 

IM-PLoR'ING, ppr. Beseeching ; entreating ; praying earn- 
estly. 

IM-PLuM'ED, (ira-plumd') / a. Having no plumes or feath- 

IM-PLtJ'MOUS, j ers. Johnson. 

IM-PLUN6E', (im-pIunJO v. t. To plunge ; to immerse. 

IM-PL"?', «. t. [71. impliquer j 'L. implico.] 1. Literally, to 
infold or involve ; to wrap up ; [0&5.] 2. To involve or 
contain in substance or essence, or by fair inference, or by 
construction of law, when not expressed in words. 

IM-PL"?'ING, ppr. Involving ; containing in substance, or 
by fair inference, or by construction of law. 

t IM-PO€K'ET, V. t. To pocket. 

IM-POIS'ON, V. t. [Fr. emvoisonner.] 1. To poison ; to im- 
pregnate with poison ; to corrupt with poison. 2. To 
imbitter ; to impair. 3. To kill with poison ; [rare] 

IM-POIS'ONED, pp. Poisoned ; corrupted ; imbittered. 

IM-POIS'ON-ING, ppr. Poisoning ; corrupting ; imbittering. 

IM-POIS-'ON-MENT, n. The act of poisoning. 

t IM'PO-LAR-LY, adv. Not according to the direction of 
the poles. Brown. 

IM-POL'I-CY, n. Inexpedience ; unsuitableness to the end 
proposed ; bad policy ; defect of wisdom. 

tIM-POLaSHED, a. Unpolished; rude. T. Hudson. 

IM-PO-LlTE'j a. Not of polished manners ; unpolite ; un- 
civil rude in manners. 

IM-PO-LITE'LY, adv. Uncivilly. 

IM-PO-LlTE'NESS, n. Incivility ; want of good manners. 

IM-POL'I-TI€, a. 1. Not wise; devising and pursuing 
measures adapted to injure the public interest. 2. Un- 
wise ; adapted to injure the public interest. 3. Not wise 
in private concerns; pursuing measures ill suited to 



♦ See Synopsis A E, I, O, tj, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WH;^T ;— PRgY }— HN, MARINE, BIRD }— f Obsolete 



IMP 



435 



IMP 



OTomote private welfare ; not prudent. 4. Not suited to 
promote private interest. 

t IM-PO-LIT'I-€AL, for impolitic. 

t lM-PO-LIT'I-€AL-LY, adv. Without art or forecast. 
Bacon. 

IM-POL'I-TI€-LY, adv. Not wisely ; not with due forecast 
and prudence ; in a manner to injure public or private 
interest. 

IM-PON-DER-A-BIL'I-TY, n. Absolute levity ; destitution 
of sensible weight. , 

IM-PON'DER-A-BLE, ) a. Not having sensible weight. 

IM-PON'DER-OUS, i Brown. 

t IM-POOR', V. t. To impoverish. Browne. 

IM-PO-ROS'I-TY, n. Want of porosity; closeness of tex- 
ture^; compactness that excludes pores. 

IM-Po'ROUS, a. Destitute of pores ; very close or compact 
in texture ; solid. Brown. 

IM-PoRT', v.t. [Fi. importer ; L. importo.] l.-To bring 
from a foreign country or jurisdiction, or from another 
state, into one's own country, jurisdiction or state. 2. 
To bear or convey, as signification or meaning ; to mean ; 
to signify ; to imply. 3. To be of weight to ; to be of 
moment or consequence to ; to bear on the interest of, or 
to have a bearing on. 

IM'PoRT, n. 1. That which is borne or conveyed in words ; 
meaning ; signihcation ; the sense which words are in- 
tended to convey. Import differs from implication in this, 
that the meaning of a term or number of words in connec- 
tion is less obscurely expressed. Import depends less on 
inference or deduction than implication, and is also applied 
more frequently to a single word. 2. That which is im- 
ported or brought into a country from another country or 
state: generally in the plural. 3. Importance 3 weight; 
consequence ; [formerly accented on the second syllable.] 
Dryden. 
M-PoRT'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be imported. 2. Insup- 
portable ; not to be endured ; [obs.] Spenser. 
IM-PORT'ANCE, n. [Fr. j Sp. importancia.] 1. Weight ; 
consequence ; a bearing on some interest ; that quality of 
any thing by which it may affect a measure, interest or 
result. 2. Weight or consequence in the scale of being. 
3. Weight or consequence in self-estimation. 4. Thing 
implied; matter; subject; importunity; [obs.] Shak. 

"IM-PORT'ANT, a. [Fr.] 1. Weighty ; momentous ; of 
great consequence ; having a bearing on some interest, 
measure or result by which good or ill may be produced. 
2. Bearing on ; forcible ; driving. 3. Importunate ; [not 
used,] 

>M-PORT'ANT-LY, adv. Weightily ; forcibly. 

^M-POR-TA'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act or practice of im- 
porting, or of bringing from another country or state. 2. 
The wares or commodities imported. 3. Conveyance. 

iM-PoRT'ED, pp. Brought from another country or state. 

IM-PoRT'ER, n. He that imports ; the merchant who, by 
himself or his agent, brings goods from another country or 
state. 

IM-PoRT'ING, ppr. I. Bringing into one's own country or 
state from a foreign or distant state. 2. Bearing, as a 
signification ; meaning. 3. Having weight or conse- 
quence. 

t IM-PoRT'LESS, a. Of no weight or consequence. 

IM-PORT'U-NA-CY, n. The act of importuning ; importu- 
nateness. 

IM-PORT'U-NATE, a. [L. importuniis .] 1. Bearing on ; 
pressing or urging in request or demand ; urgent, and per- 
tinacious in solicitation. 2. Pressing ; urgent. 3. Incit- 
ing urgently for gratification. 

IM-PORT'U-NATE-LY, adv. With urgent request; with 
pressing solicitation. 

IM-PORT'U-NATE-NESS, n. Urgent solicitation. 

t IM-PORT'U-NA-TOR, n. One that importunes. 

IM-POR-TuNE , V. t. [Fr. importuner.] To request with 
urgency ; to press with solicitation ; to urge with frequent 
or unceasing application. 

f IM-POR-TuNE', a. [L. importunus.] 1. Pressing in re- 
quest ; urgent ; troublesome by frequent demands ; vexa- 
tious ; unreasonable. 2. Unseasonable. 

f IM-POR-TUNE'LY, adv. 1. With urgent solicitation ; in- 
cessantly ; continually ; troublesomely. 2. Unseasonably ; 
improperly. 

IM-POR-TuN'ER, w One who is importunate. Waterhouse. 

IM-POR-TtJ'NI-TY, n. [Fr. importunite ; L. importunitas.] 
Pressing solicitation ; urgent request ; application for a 
claim or favor, which is urged with troublesome frequen- 
cy or pertinacity. 

IM-PoRT'U-OUS, a. [L. importuosus.] Without a port, 
haven or harbor. 

IM-PoSA-BLE, a. That may be imposed or laid on. 

IM-PoSE', V. t. [Fr. imposer.] 1. To lay on ; to set on ; to 
lay on, as a burden, tax, toll, duty or penalty. 2. To 
place over by authority or by force. 3. To lay on, as a 
command ; to enjoin, as a duty. 4. To fix on ; to impute. 
5. To lay on, as hands in the ceremony of ordiaiation, or 
of confirmation. 6. To obtrude fallaciously, — 7. Among 



printers, to put the pages on the stone, and fit on the chase, 
and thus prepare the form for the press.— To impose on, to 
deceive ; to mislead by a trick or false pretense. 

t IM-PoSE', n. Command ; injunction. Shak. 

IM-PoS'ED, (im-pozdO pp. Laid on, as a tax, burden, duty 
or penalty ; enjoined. 

IM-PoS'ER, n. One who lays on ; OHe who enjoins. 

IM-PoS'ING, ppr. 1. Laying on ; enjoining ; deceiving. 
2. a. Commanding; adapted to impress forcibly. Bp. 
Hobart, 

IM-P6S'ING-ST0NE, n. Among printers, the stone on 
which the pages or columns of types are imposed or made 
into forms. 

IM-PO-Sl"TION, n. [Fr., from L. impositio.] 1. In a gen- 
eral sense, the act of laying on. 2. The act of laying on 
hands in the ceremony of ordination. 3. The act of set- 
ting on or affixing to. 4. That which is imposed ; a tax, 
toll, duty or excise laid by authority. 5. Injunction, as 
of a law or duty. 6. Constraint; oppression; burden. 
7. Deception; imposture. 8. A supernumerary exercise 
enjoined on students as a punishment. 

IM-POS-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. That which cannot be ; the 
state of being not possible to exist. 2. Impracticability . 
the state or quality of being not feasible or possible to be 
done. 

IM-POS'SI-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. imposslMis.] 1. That can- 
not be. 2. Impracticable ; not feasible ; that cannot be 
done. 

f IM-POS'SI-BLE, n. An impossibility. Chaucer. 

IMToST,7i. [Sip., It. imposta.] I. Any tax or tribute im- 
posed by authority.— 2. In architecture, that part of a pil- 
lar, in vaults and arches, on which the weight of the 
building rests. 

IM-POS'THU-MATE, (im-pos'tu-mate) v. i. To form an 
abscess ; to gather ; to collect pus or purulent matter in 
any part of an animal body. 

IM-POS'THU-MATE, v. t. To affect with an imposthume 
or abscess, 

IM-POS'THU-MA-TED, pp. Affected with an impos- 
thume. 

IM-POS-THU-Ma'TION, n. The act of forming an abscess , 
also, an abscess ; an imposthume 

IM-POS'THUME, (im-pos'tume) n. [This word is a corrup- 
tion of ajjosfem, L. aposiema.] An abscess; a collection 
of pus or purulent matter in any part of an animal body. 

IM-POS'THUME, v. i. The same as imposthumate. 

IM-POS'TOR, n. [Fr. im.posteur ; Sp., Port, impostor ; Low 
L. impostor.] One who imposes on others ; a person who 
assumes a character for the purpose of deception ; a de- 
ceiver under a false character. 

tIM-POST'U-RA6E, 71. Imposition. Bp. Taylor. 

IM-POST'URE, n. [Fr. ; L. impostura.] Deception prac- 
ticed under a false or assumed character ; fraud or impo- 
sition practiced by a false pretender, 

IM-POST'URED, a. Having the nature of imposture. 

IM-POST'U-ROUS, a. Deceitful. Beaumont. 

IMTO-TENCE, In. [Ij.impotentia.] 1. Want of strength 

IM/PO-TEN-CY, S or power, animal or intellectual ; 
weakness ; feebleness ; inability ; imbecility ; defect of 
power. 2. Moral inability ; the want of power or incli- 
nation to resist or overcome habits and natural propensi- 
ties. 3. Inability to beget. 4. Ungovernable passion. 
Milton. 

IM'PO-TENT, a. [Fr., from L. impotens.] 1. Weak ; fee- 
ble ; wanting strength or power; unable by nature, or 
disabled by disease or accident to perform any act. 2. 
Wanting the power of propagation, as males. 3. Want- 
ing the power of restraint ; not having the command 
over. 

IM'PO-TENT, n. One who is feeble, infirm, or languishing 
under disease. Shak. 

IM'PO-TENT-LY, adv. Weakly ; without power over the 



IM-POUND', v. t. 1. To put, shut or confine in a pound or 
close pen. 2. To confine ; to restrain within limits. 

IM-POUND'ED, pp. Confined in a pound. 

IM-POUND'ER, n. One who impounds the beasts of an- 
other. 

IM-POUND'ING, ppr. Confining in a pound ; restraining 

IM-POV'ER-ISH, V. t. [Fr. appauvrir.] 1. To make poor; 
to reduce to poverty or indigence 2. To exhaust strength, 
richness or fertility. 

IM-POV'ER-ISHED, pp. Reduced to poverty ; exhausted. 

IM-POV'ER-ISH-ER, n. 1. One who makes others poor. 
2. That which impairs fertility 

IM-POV'ER-ISH-ING. ppr. Making poor ; exhausting. 

IM-POV'ER-ISH-MENT, n. Depauperation ; a reducing to 
indigence ; exhaustion ; drain of wealth, richness or fer 
tility. 

IM-POW'ER. See Empower. 

IM-PRAC-TI-€A-BIL'I-TY,IM-PRA€'TI-€A-BLE-NESS 
n. 1. The state or quality of being beyond human pow- 
er, or the means proposed ; infeasibility. 2. Untractable- 
ness ; stubbornness. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, DoVE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tAw t OisolUe 



IMP 



436 



IMP 



fM-PRA€'TI-€A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be done or per- 
formed ; infeasible ; not to be effected by the means pro- 
posed. 2. Untractable; unmanageable j stubborn. 3. 
That cannot be passed or traveled. 

IM-PRA€'TI-€A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree that 
hinders practice. 

IM'PRE-€ATE, v. t. [L. imprecor.] To invoke, as an evil 
on any one ; to pray that a curse or calamity may fall on 
one's self or on another person. 

IM'PRE-€A-TED, pp. Invoked on one, as soine evil 

IM'PRE-€A-TING, ppr. Calling for evil on one's self or 
another. 

[M-PRE-€a'TION, n. [L. imprecatio.] The act of impre- 
cating, or invoking evil on any one ; a prayer that a curse 
or calamity may fall on any one. 

*IM'PRE-eA-TO-RY, a. Containing a prayer for evil to 
befall a person. 

IMPRE-CIS'ION, n. Want of precision or exactness ; de- 
fect of accuracy. Taylor. 

IM-PReGN', (im-preen') v. t. [It. impregnare ; Fr. impregn- 
er.] To impregnate ; to infuse the seed of young or other 
prolific principle. 

IM-PREG'NA-BLE, a. [Fr. imprenahle.'] 1. Not to be 
stormed, or taken by assault ; that cannot be reduced by 
force ; able to resist attack 2. Not to be moved, impress- 
ed or shaken ; invincible. 

IM-PREG'NA-BLY, adv. In a manner to resist penetration 
or assault : in a manner to defy force. 

IM-PREG'NATE, v. t. [It. impregnare.] 1. To infuse the 
principle of conception ; to make pregnant, as a female 
animal. 2. To deposit the fecundating dust of a flower 
on the pistils of a plant ; to render prolific. 3. To infuse 
particles of one thing into another ; to communicate the 
virtues of one thing to another. 

IM-PREG'NATE, a. Impregnated j rendered prolific or 
fruitful. 

IM-PREG'NA-TED, a. Made pregnant or prolific ; fecun- 
dated ; filled with something by mixture, &c. 

IM-PREG'NA-TING, ppr. Infusing seed or pollen ; render- 
ing pregnant 5 fructifying j fecundating; filling by infu- 
sion or mixture. 

IM-PREG-Na'TION, 71. [Fr.] 1. The act of fecundating 
and rendering fruitful. 2. The communication of the 
particles or virtues of one thing to another. 3. That with 
which any thing is impregnated. 4. Saturation. 

t IM-PRE-Ju'DI-€ATE, a. [L. in, pra and judico.] Not 
prejudged ; unprejudiced ; not prepossessed ; impartial. 
Brown. 

IM-PREP-A-Ra'TION, n. Want of preparation ; unprepar- 
edness ; unreadiness. [Little used.] 

IM-PRE-S€RIP-TI-BIL'I-TY, 71. [Fr. imprescriptibilite.] 
The state of being independent of prescription ; the state 
■which renders a thing not liable to be lost or impaired by 
the prescription of another, or by one's own non-user. 

IM-PRE-S€RIP'TI-BLE, a. [Fr.] That cannot be lost or 
impaired by non-user, or by the claims of another found- 
ed on prescription. 

IM-PRESS, V. t. [L. impressum.] 1. To imprint; to 
stamp ; to make a mark or figure on any thing by press- 
ure. 2. To print, as books. 3. To mark ; to indent. 4. 
To fix deep. 5. To compel to enter into public service, 
as seamen ; to seize and take into service by compulsion, 
as nurses in sickness. 6. To seize ; to take for pirblic ser- 
vice. 

IM'PRESS, n. 1. A mark or indentation, made by press- 
ure. 2. The figure or image of any thing made by press- 
ure ; stamp ; likeness, 3. Mark of distinction ; stamp ; 
character. 4. Device ; motto. 5. The act of compelling 
to enter into public service. 

IM-PRESS'ED, (im-presf) pp. Imprinted ; stamped ; mark- 
ed by pressure ; compelled to enter public service ; seized 
for public use ; fixed in the mind ; made sensible ; con- 
vinced. 
IM PRESS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being impressible. 
IM-PRESS'I-BLE, a. 1. That may be impressed ; that 
yields to pressure ; that may receive impressions. 2. That 
may be impressed ; that may have its figure stamped on 
another body. 
IM-PRESS''ING, ppr. Imprinting ; stamping^ fixing in the 

mind ; compelling into service. 
IM-PRES'SION, n. [Fr. ; L. impressio.] 1. The act of im- 
pressing, as one body on another. 2. Mark ; indentation ; 
stamp made by pressure. 3. The effect which objects 
produce on the mind. 4. Image in the mind ; idea. 5. 
Sensible effect. 6. A single edition of a book ; the books 
printed at once. 7. Slight, indistinct remembrance. 
IM-PRiESS'IVE, a. 1. Making or tending to make an im- 
pression ; having the power of affecting, or of exciting at- 
tention and feeling ; adapted to touch sensibility or the 
conscience. 2. Capable of being impressed ; susceptible. 
. M-PRESS'IVE-LY, adv. In a manner to touch sensibility, 
or to awaken conscience ; in a manner to produce a pow- 
erful effect on the mind. 
ITJI-PRESS'IVE-NESS, n. The quality of being impressive. 



IM-PRES»'MENT, n. 1. The act of impressing men into 
public service. 2. The act of compelling into any ser 
vice. 3. The act of seizing for public use. 

IM-PRESS' QRE, (im-presh'ur) n. The mark made by 
pressure; indentation; dent; impression. Shak. 

IM'PREST, n. [It. imprestare.] A kind of earnest-money ; 
loan ; money advanced. Burke. 

IM-PREST', V. t. To advance on loan. 

IM-PREV'A-LENCE, n. IncapabDity of prevailing. 

IM-PRI-Ma'TUR, n. [L., let it be printed.] A license to 
print a book, &c. 

flM-PRIM'ER-Y, n. [Ft.imprimerie.] Aprint; impression; 
a printing-house ; art of printing. 

IM-PRi'MIS, adv. [L. imprimis.} In the first place ; first in 
order. 

IM-PRINT', ». i. [It. imprimere.] 1. To impress ; to mark 
by pressure. 2. To stamp letters and words on paper by 
means of types ; to print. 3. To fix on the mind or mem- 
ory ; to impress. 

IM'PRINT, n. Designation of a place where a work 
printed. 

IM-PRINT'ED, pp. Marked by pressure ; printed j fiixed in 
the mind or memory. 

IM-PRINTTNG, ppr. Marking by pressure; printing; fix- 
ing on the mind or memory. 

IM-PRIS'ON, (im-priz'n) v. t. [Fr. emprisonner.] 1. To 
put into a prison ; to confine in a prison or jail, or to ar- 
rest and detain in custody in any place. 2. To confine ; 
to shut up ; to restrain from escape ; to deprive of the lib- 
erty to move from place to place. 

IM-PRIS'ONED, pp. Confined in a prison or jail ; restrain- 
ed from escape or from going at large. 

IM-PRIS ON-ER, n. One who causes another to be confined 
in prison. Clayton. 

IM-PRIS'ON-ING, ppr. Shutting up in prison ; confining in 
a place. 

IM-PRIS'ON-MENT, n. 1. The act of putting and confin- 
ing in prison ; the act of arresting and detaining in custo- 
dy. 2. Confinement in a place ; restraint of liberty ; the 
confinement of a criminal or debtor within the walls of a 
prison. 

IM-PROB-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being improbable 
or not likely to be true ; unlikelihood. 

IM-PROB'A-BLE, a. [Sp., Fr. ; L. improbabilis.] Not like- 
ly to be true ; not to be expected under the circumstances 
of the case. 

IM-PROB'A-BLY, adv. 1. In a manner not likely to be 
true. 2. In a manner not to be approved ; [obs.] 

flM'PRO-BATE, r. t. [L. improbo.] To disallow; not to 
approve. Ainsworth. 

t IM-PRO-Ba'TION, 71. The act of disapproving. 

IM-PROB'I-TY, 71. [L. improbitas.J That which is disap- 
proved or disallowed ; want of mtegrity or rectitude of 
principle ; dishonesty. 

t IM-PRO-Du'CED, a. Not produced. Ray. 

IM-PRO-Fi"CIEN-CY, n. Want of proficiency. 

t IM-PROF'IT-A-BLE, a. Unprofitable. Elyot. 

t IM-PRO-LIF'I€, a. Not prolific ; unfruitful. Waterhouse 

f IM-PRO-LIF'Ir€ATE, v. t. To impregnate ; to fecundate 

IM-PROMP'TU, adv. [L. in promptu.] Off hand ; without 
previous study. 

IM-PROMP'TU, n. A piece made offhand, at the moment, 
or without previous study ; an extemporaneous composi- 
tion. 

IM-PROP'ER, a. [L.improprius.] 1. Not proper; not suit- 
able , not adapted to its end ; unfit. 2. Not becoming ; 
not decent ; not suited to the character, time or place. 3. 
Not according to the settled usages or principles of a lan- 
guage. 4. Not suited to a particular place or oflice ; un- 
qualified 

IM-PROP'ER-LY, adv. 1. Not fitly ; in a manner not suit- 
ed to the end ; in a manner not suited to the company, 
time, place and circumstances ; unsuitably ; incongruous- 
ly. 2. In a manner not according with established 
usages ; inaccurately ; ungrammatically. 

IM-PRO-Pl"TIOUS, a. Not propitious ; unpropitious. 

IM-PRO-PoR'TION-A-BLE, a. Not proportionable. 

IM-PR0-P6R'TI0N-ATE, a. Not proportionate. 

IM-PRO'PRI-ATE, r. «. [L. in and proprius.] 1. To ap- 
propriate to private use ; to take to one's self; [not used.] 
2. To annex the possessions of the church or a benefice to 
a layman. 

IM-PRo'PRI-ATE, a. Devolved into the hands of a lay- 
man. 

IM-PRo'PRI-A-TED, pp. 1. Appropriated to one's self. 2 
Put in possession of a layman. 

IM-PRo'PRI-A-TING, ppr. 1. Appropriating to one's self 
2. Annexing to a lay proprietor. 

IM-PRO-PRI-A'TION, n. I. The act of putting an ecclesi- 
astical benefice into the hands of a layman. Ayliffe. 2 
The benefice impropriated. 

*IM-PRo'PRI-A-TOR, n. A layman who has possession of 
the lands of the church or an ecclesiastical living. 

IM-PRO-PRl'E-TY, 71. [Fr. impropriete.] 1. Unfitness 



* JSee ^nopsk A, S, I, O, tr, Y, lon^.—FA.R, FALL, WHAT j— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. 



IMP 



437 



INA 



unsuitableness to character, time, place oi' circumstances. 
2. Inaccuracy in language ; a word or phrase not accord- 
ing with the established usages or principles of speaking 
or writing. 
[M-PROS-PER'I-TY, n. Unprosperity ; want of success. 
IM-PROS'PER-OUS, a. Not prosperous; not successful; 
unfortunate ; not yielding profit ; not advancing interest. 

IM-PROS'PER-OTJS-LY, adv. Unsuccessfully ; unprosper- 
ously; unfortunately. Boyle. 

IM-PROS'PER-OUS-NESS, n. Ill success. 

IM-PROV-A-BIL I-TY, n. The state or quality of being ca- 
pable of improvement ; susceptibility of being made bet- 
ter. 

IM-PR5V'A-BLE, a. 1. Susceptible of improvement ; ca- 
pable of growing or being made better ; that may be ad- 
vanced in good qualities. 2. That may be used to advan- 
tage, or for the increase of any thing valuable. 3. Capable 
of tillage or cultivation. 

IM-PilOV'A-BLE-NESS, n. Susceptibility of improvement ; 
capableness of being made better, or of being used to ad- 
vantage. 

IM-PRc3V'A-BLY, adv. In a manner that admits of melio^ 
ration. 

IMPROVE', (ira-proov') «. «. [Norm. ;pro»er.] 1. To make 
better ; to advance in value or good qualities. 2. To use 
or employ to good purpose ; to make productive ; to turn 
to profitable account ; to use for advantage ; to employ for 
advancing interest, reputation or happiness. Addison. 3. 
To apply to practical purposes. Owen. 4. To advance or 
increase. by use; in a bad sense; [ill,] Porteus. 5. To 
use ; to employ. T. Scott. 6. To use ; to occupy ; to cul- 
tivate ; as, the house or farm is now improved by an in- 
dustrious tenant. This application is perhaps peculiar to 
some parts of the U. States. It however deviates little 
from that in some ol the foregoing definitions. 

IM-PROVE', (im-proov ) v. i. To grow better or wiser; to 
advance in goodness, knowledge, wisdom or other excel- 
lence. 2. To advance in bad qualities ; to grow vs^orse. 
Milner. 3. To increase; to be enhanced; to rise. — To 
improve on, to make useful additions or amendments to ; 
to bring nearer to perfection. 

IM-PROV'ED, (im-proovd') pp. 1. Made better, wiser or 
more excellent ; advanced in moral worth, knowledge or 
manners. 2. Made better ; advanced in fertility or other 
good qualities. 3. Used to profit or good purpose. 4. 
Used ; occupied. 

IM-PRC5VE'MENT, (im-proov'ment) n. 1. Advancement 
in moral worth, learning, wisdom, skill or other excel- 
lence. 2. Melioration ; a making or growing better or 
more valuable. 3. A valuable addition ; excellence add- 
ed, or a change for the better. 4. Advance or progress 
from any state to a better. 5. Instruction; growth in 
knowledge or refinement ; edification. 6. Use or em- 
ployment to beneficial purposes; a turning to good ac- 
count. 7. Practical application. Tillotson. 8. The part 
of a discourse intended to enforce and apply the doctrines, 
is called the improvement. 9. Use ; occupancy. 10. Im- 
provements, plu. ; valuable additions or melioration, as 
buildings, clearings, drains, fences, &c., on a farm. Kent. 

IM-PROV'ER, n. 1. One who improves ; one who makes 
himself or any thing else better. 2. That which im- 
proves, enriches or meliorates. 

I IM-PRO-VID'ED, a. [h.improvisus.] Unforeseen; unex- 
pected ; not provided against. 

IM-PROV'I-DENCE, n. [L. in and providens.] Want of 
providence or forecast ; neglect of foresight, or of the 
measures which foresight might dictate for safety or ad- 
vantage. 

IM-PROV'I-DENT, a [L. in and providens.] Wanting 
forecast ; wanting care to make provision for future exi- 
ffcnccs 

IM-PROV'I-DENT-LY, adv. Without foresight or forecast ; 
without care to provide against future wants. 
M-PROV'ING, ppr. Making better ; growing better ; using 
to advantage. 

IM-PRO-VIS'ION, n. Want of forecast; improvidence. 
[Littleused.] Brown. 

IM-PRU'DENCE, n. [Fr., from. L. imprudentia.] Want of 
piudence ; indiscretion ; want of caution, circumspection 
or a due regard to consequences ; heedlessness ; inconsid- 
erateness; rashness. 

IM-PRU'DENT, a. [Fr. ; L. imprudens.] Wanting pru- 
dence or discretion ; indiscrete ; injudicious ; not atten- 
tive to the consequences of words or actions ; rash ; heed- 
less. 

IM-PRC'DENT-LY, adv. Without the exercise of pru- 
dence ; indiscretely. 

IM'PU-DENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. impudens.] Sliamelessness ; 
want of modesty ; effrontery ; assurance accompanied 
with a disregard of the opinions of others. 

IM'PU-DENT, a. [Fr. ; L. impiulens.] Shameless ; want- 
ing modesty ; bold, with contempt of others ; saucy. 

IM'PU-DENT-LY, adv. Shamelessly ; wiUi indecent assur- 
ance. Sandys. 



IM-PU-DIC'I-TY, n. [L. impudicitia.] Immodesty 
*IM-PuGN', (im-pune') v. t. [Fr. impugner ; L. impugno,] 
To oppose ; to attack by words or arguments ; to contra- 
dict. 

IM-PUG-Na'TION, n. Opposition. Bp. Hall. 

*IM-PuGN'ED, (im-piind') pp. Opposed; contradicted. 

*IM-PuGN'ER, (im-pu'ner) ?i. One Who opposes or contra 
diets. 

* IM-PtJGN'ING, (im-pii'ning) ppr. Opposing ; attacking ; 
contradicting. 

*tIM-PU'.IS-SANCE,ft. [Fr.] Impotence; weakness. 

IMTULSE, (im'puls) n. [L. impulsus.] 1. Force commu- 
nicated ; the effect of one body acting on another. 2. In- 
fluence acting on the mind; motive. 3. Impression- 
supposed supernatural influence on the mind. 

IM-PUL'SION, n. [Fr. ; L. impulsio.] 1. The act of driv- 
ing against or impelling ; the agency of a body in motion 
on another body. 2. Influence on the mind ; impulse. 

IM-PULS'lVE, a. [Fr. impulsif.] Having the power of driv- 
ing or impelling ; moving ; impellent. 

IM-PULS'IVE-LY, adv. With force ; by impulse. 

t IM-Pu'NI-BLY, adv. Without punishment. Ellis. 

IM-Pu'NI-TY, n. [Fr. impunite ; L. impunitas.] 1. ExemfJ- 
tion from punishment or penalty. 2. Freedom or ex- 
emption from injury. 

IM-PuRE', a. [Fr. impur ; L. impurus.] 1. Not pure ; foul j 
feculent ; tinctured ; mixed or impregnated with extrane- 
ous substance. 2. Obscene. 3. Unchaste ; lewd ; un- 
clean. 4. Defiled by sin or guilt; unholy. 5. Unhal- 
lowed ; unholy. 6. Unclean ; i?i a legal sense ,- not 
purified according to the ceremonial law of Moses. 

t IM-PuRE', V. t. To render foul ; to defile. Bp. Hall. 

IM-PuRE'LY, adv. In an impure manner ; with impurity. 

IM-PuRE'NESS, \ n. [Fr. impurete ; L. impuritas.] 1. W^ant 

IM-Pu'RI-TY, \ of purity ; foulness ; feculence ; the 
admixture of a foreign substance in any thing. 2. Any 
foul matter. 3. Unchastity ; lewdness. 4. Want of sanc- 
tity or holiness ; defilement by guilt. 5. Want of cere- 
monial purity ; legal pollution or uncleanness. 6. Foul 
language ; obscenity. 

IM-PUR'PLE, V. t. To Color or tinge with purple ; to make 
red or reddish. 

IM-PUR'PLING, ppr. Tinging or coloring with purple. 

IM-Pu'TA-BLE, a. 1. That may be imputed or charged to 
a person ; chargeable. 2. That may be ascribed to ; in a 
good sense. 3. Accusable ; chargeable with a fault ; [not 
proper.] 4. That may be set to the account of another. 

IM-Pu'TA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being imputable 

IM-PU-Ta'TION, 71. [Fr.] 1. The act of imputing or charg- 
ing ; attribution ; generally in an ill sense. 2. Sometimes 
in a good sense. 3. Charge or attribution of evil ; censure ; 
reproach. 4. Hint ; slight notice. Shak. 

IM-PU'TA-TIVE, a. That may be imputed. 

IM-Pu'TA-TlVE-LY, adv. By imputation. Encyc. 

IM-PuTE's V. t. [Fr. imputer ; L. imputo.] 1. To charge ; to 
attribute ; to set to the account of. 2. To attribute ; to 
ascribe. 3. To reckon to one what does not belong to 
him_. Milton. 

IM-PuT'ED, pp. Charged to the account of; attributed; 
ascribed. 

IM-PuT'ER, n. One that imputes or attributes. 

IM-PuT'ING, ppr. Charging to the account of; attributing ; 
ascribing. 

IM-PU-TRES'CI-BLE, a. [in, and 1,. putresco.] Notsubje((t 
to putrefaction or corruption. 

IN, a prefix, [L. ivi,] is used in composition as a particle of 
negation, like the English un, of Which it seems to be a 
dialectical orthography ; or it denotes within, into, or 
among, as in inbred, incase ; or it serves only to augment 
or render emphatical the sense of the word to which it is 
prefixed, as in inclose, increase. — In, before I, is changed 
into il, as in illusion ; and before r, into ir, as in irregu- 
lar ; and into im, before a labial, as in imbitter, immaterial, 
impatient. 

IN, prep. [L. in ; Gr. ev ; Goth, and Sax. in ; Fr. en ; Sp. 
en ; It. in ; G. in, or em ; D. in ; Dan. ind ; Sw. in ; W. yn.] 
In denotes present or inclosed, surrounded by limits ; as, 
in a house. It denotes a state of being mixed ; as, sugar in 
tea. It denotes present in any state ; as, in sickness or 
health. It den'otes present in time ; as, in that hour or 
day. The uses of in, however, cannot, in all cases, be de- 
fined by equivalent words, except by explaining the phrase 
in which it is used ; as, in fact ; in reason, &.c.—In the 
name is used in phrases of invoking, swearing, declaring, 

praying, &c. — In, in many cases, is equivalent to on . 

In signifies by or through.— /n that is sometimes equiva- 
lent to because. — In as much, seeing ; seeing that j this 
being the fact; as, I will ride for health, inasmuch as I am 
infirm. — In is often used without the noun to which it 
properly belongs ; as, I care not who is in, pr who is out ; 
that is, in office, or out of office. — To be or keep in, with, to 
be close or near ; as, keep the ship in with the land. 

IN-A-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. inhabilit&.] 1. Want of sufficient 
physical power or strength. 2. Want of adequate means. 



* See Spiapsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE j-BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; 6 as Z ; CH as ^ ; TH as ia tUm f tmst^He 



INA 



438 



I^C 



3. Want of moral power 4. Want of intellectual strength 
or force. 5. Want of knowledge or skill. 

I IN-A'BLE-MENT, n. Ability. Bacon. 

IN-AB'STI-NENCE, n. A not abstaining j a partaking ; in- 
dulgence of appetite. Milton. 

IN-A-Bu'SIVE-LY, adv. Without abuse. L. Morth 

IN-A€-CESS-I-BIL'I-TY, or IN-A€-CESS'I-BLE-NESS, n. 
The quality or state of being inaccessible, or not to be 
reached. 

IN-A€-CESS'I-BLE, a. 1. Not to be reached ; as an inac- 
cessible height or rock. 2. Not to be obtained. 3. Not to 
be approached ; forbidding access. 

IN-A€-CESS'I-BLY, adv. So as not to be approached. 

IN-A€'eU-RA-CY, n. Want of accuracy or exactness ; mis- 
take : fault ; defect ; error. 

IN-A€€U-RATE, a. Not accurate; not exact or correct; 
not according to truth ,• erroneous. 

IN-A€'€U-RATE-LY, adv. Not according to truth ; incor- 
rectly ; erroneously. 

IN-AOTION, n. [Fr.] Want of action ; forbearance of la- 
bor ; idleness ; rest. Pope. 

IN-A€'TIVE, a. 1. Not active ; inert ; having no power to 
jnove. 2. Not active ; not diligent or industrious ; not 
busy ; idle ; indolent ; sluggish. 

IN-A€'TIVE-LY, adv. Idly ; sluggishly ; without motion, 
labor, or employment. 

IN-A€-TIV'I-TY, 71. ]. Inertness. 2. Idleness, or habitual 
idleness; want of action or exertion ; sluggishness. Swift. 

t IN-AeT'U-ATE, V. t. To put in action. Olanville. 

t IN-A€T-U-A'TION, n. Operation. Olanville. 

IN-AD'E-aUA-CY, n. 1. The quality of being unequal or 
insufficient for a purpose. Dwior/ji. 2. Inequality. iSiirA;e. 
3. Incompleteness; defectiveness. 

IN-AD'E-aUATE, a. [L.] 1. Not equal to the purpose ; in- 
sufficient to eSect the object ; unequal. 2. Not equal to 
the real state or condition of a thing ; not just or in due 
proportion ; partial ; incomplete. 3. Incomplete ; defec- 
tive ; not just. 

IN-AD'E-aUATE-LY, adv. Not fully or sufficiently ; not 
completely. 

IN-AD'E-aUATE-NESS, n. The quality of being inade- 
quate ; inadequacy ; inequality ; incompleteness. 

IN-AD-E-aUA'TION, n. Want of exact correspondence. 

IN-AD-He'SION, n. Want of adhesion; a not adher- 
ing. 

IN-AD-MISS-I-BIL'l-TY, n. The quality of being inadmiss- 
ible, or not proper to be received. 

IN-AD-MISS'I-BLE, a. Not admissible ; not proper to be 
admitted, allowed or received. 

IN-AD-VERT'ENCE, J «. [Fr. inadvertance.] 1. A not 

IN-AD-VERT'EN-CY, \ turning the mmd to ; inattention ; 
negligence ; heedlessness. 2. The effect of inattention ; 
any oversight, mistake or fault which proceeds from negli- 
gence of thought. 

IN-AD-VERT'ENT, a. [L. in and advertens.] Not turning 
the mind to ; heedless ; careless ; negligent. 

IN-AD-VERT'ENT-LY, ao!u. Heedlessly; carelessly; from 
want of attention ; inconsiderately. 

IN-AF-FA-BIL'I-TY, n. Reservedness in conversation. 

IN-AF'FA-BLE, a. Not affable ; reserved. 

IN-AF-FEC-Ta'TION, n. Destitution of affected manner. 

t IN-AF-FE€TIED, a. Unaffected. 

IN-aID'A-BLE, a. That cannot be assisted. Shak. 

t IN-AF-FE€T'ED-LY, adv. Without affectation. Cock- 
er am. 

IN-aL'IEN-A-BLE, (in-ale'yen-a-bl) a. [Fr.] Unalienable; 
that cannot be legally or justly alienated or transferred to 
another. 

IN-aL'IEN-A-BLE-NESS, 71. The state of being inaliena- 
ble. Scott. 

IN-aL'IEN-A-BLY, adv. In a manner that forbids aliena- 
tion. 

IN-AL-I-MENT'AL, a. Affording no nourishment. 

IN-AL-TER-A-BIL'I-TY, 71. The quality of not being 
alterable or changeable. Fourcroy. 

IN-AL'TER-A-BLE, a. That cannot or may not be altered 
or "changed; unalterable. 

f IN-a'MI-A-BLE, a. Unamiable. 

* IN-a'MI-A-BLE-NESS, 71. Unamiableness. 

IN-A-MISS'I-BLE, a. Not to be lost. Hammond. 

.N-A-MISS'I-BLE-NESS, n. The state of not being liable to 
be lost. 

*IN-AM-0-Ra'TO, 71. A lover. Marston. 

[N-aNE', a. [L. inanis.'] Empty ; void ; sometimes used as 
a noun, to express a void space. 

IN-AN'GU-LAR, a. Not angular. {Little used.] 

IN-AN'I-MATE, v. t. To animate. [Little used.] 

IN-AN'I-]MATE, a. [L. inanimatus.] 1. Destitute of animal 
life. 2. Destitute of animation or life. 

IN-AN'I-MA-TED, a. Destitute of animal life. 2. Not ani- 
mated ; not sprightly. 

t IN-AN-I-Ma'TION, 71. Animation. Donne. 

IN-A-N1"TI0N, n. [Fr. j L. inanis.] Emptiness ; want of 
fullness. 



IN-AN'I-TY,n. \li.inanitas.] Emptiness ; void space ; va- 
cuity. Digby. 

IN-AP'PE-TENCE, ) 7i. [L.] 1. Want of appetence or of a 

IN-AP'PE TEN-CY, \ disposition to seek, select oi imbibe 
nutriment. 2. Want of desire or inclination. 

IN-AP-PLI-€A-BIL'I-TY, n The quality of not being apr 
plicable ; unfitness. 

IN-AP'PLI-€A-BLE, a. Not applicable ; that cannot be ap- 
plied ; not suited oj suitable to the purpose. 

IN-AP-PLI-€a'TION, n. Want of application ; want of 
attention or assiduity ; negligence ; indolence. 

IN-AP'PO-SlTE, a. Not apposite ; not fit or suitable ; not 
pertinent. 

IN-AP-PRe'CIA-BLE, a. 1. Not to be appreciated ; that 
cannot be duly valued. 2. That cannot be estimated. 

IN-AP-PRE-HENS'I-BLE, a. Not intelligible. Milton. 

IN-AP-PRE-HENS'IVE, a. Not apprehensive. 

IN-AP-PRoACH'A-BLE, a. Not to be approached. 

IN-AP-PRo'PRI-ATE, a. 1. Not appropriate ; unsuited j 
not proper. J. P. Smith. 2. Not appropriate ; not belong- 
ing to. 

IN-APT'I-TUDE, n. Want of aptitude ; unfitness ; unsuit- 
ableness. Burke. 

IN-A'CIUATE, a. Imbodied in water. Cranmer. 

IN-A-aUA'TION, n. The state of bemginaquate. Gardner 

IN-AR'A-BLE, a. Not arable ; not capable of being tilled. 

IN-ARCH', v.t. To graft by appproach. 

IN-ARCH'ED, (in-archf) pp. Grafted by approach. 

IN-aRCH'ING, ppr. Grafting by approach. 

IN-ARCH'ING, n. A method of ingrafting, by which a cion, 
without being separated from its parent tree, is joined to a 
stock standing near. 

IN-AR-TI€'U-LATE, a. Not uttered with articulation or 
junction of the organs of speech ; not articulate ; not dis- 
tinct, or with distinction of syllables. 

IN-AR-TI€'U-LATE-LY, adv. Not with distuict syllables ; 
indistinctly. 

IN-AR-TI€'U-LATE-NESS, n. Indistinctness of utterance 
by animal voices ; want of distinct articulation. 

IN-AR-TI€-U-La'TION, n. Indistincthess of sounds in 
speaking. 

IN-AR-TI-Fi"CIAL, a. 1. Not done by art ; not made or 
performed by the rules of art ; formed without art. 2. Sim- 
ple ; artless. 

IN-AR-TI-Fl"CIAL-LY, adv. Without art; in an artless 
manner ; contrary to the rules of art. Collier. 

IN-AS-MtJCH', adv. \in, as, and much.] Seeing; seeing 
that ; this being the fact. 

IN-AT-TEN'TION, n. The want of attention, or of fixin}. 
the mind steadily on an object ; heedlessness ; neglect. 

IN-AT-TENT'IVE, a. Not fixing the mmd on an object 
heedless; careless; negligent; regardless. 

IN-AT-TENT'IVE-LY, adv. Without attention ; careless- 
ly ; heedlessly. Johnson. 

IN-AUD'I-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be heard. 2. Making nc 
sound. Shak. 

IN-AUD'I-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be heard. 

IN-AUG'U-RAL, a. [L. inauguro.] 1. Pertaining to inaug 
uration. 2. Made or pronounced at an inauguration. 

IN-AUG'U-RATE, v. t. 1. To introduce or induct into aw 
ofiice with solemnity or suitable ceremonies ; to invest witlf 
an office in a formal manner. 2. To begin with goor 
omens ; [o&s.l 

IN-AUG'U-RATE, a. Invested with office. Drayton. 

IN-AUG'U-RA-TED, pp. Inducted into office with appro- 
priate ceremonies. 

IN-AUG'-U-RA-TING,jJ2'»-- Inducting into office with so- 
lemnities. 

IN-AUG-U-Ra'TION, n. The act of inducting into office 
with solemnity ; investiture with office by appropriate 
ceremonies. 

IN-AUG'U-RA-TO-RY, a. Suited to induction into office ; 
pertaining to inauguration. Johnson. 

IN-AU-Rl'TION, 71. [L. inauratus.] The act or process of 
gilding, or covering with gold. Arbuthnot. 

IN-AUS'PI-€ATE, a. Ill-omened. Biwk. 

IN-AU-SPl"CIOUS, a. Ill-omened ; unfortunate ; unlucky ; 
evil ; unfavorable. 

IN-AU-SPI"CIOUS-LY, adv. With ill omens ; unfortunate- 
ly ; unfavorably. 

IN-AU-SPl"CIOUS-NESS, n. Unluckiness ; unfavorable- 
ness. 

IN-Be'ING, 71. Inherence ; inherent existence ; insepara- 
bleness. Watts. 

IN'BORN, a. Innate ; implanted by nature. Dryden. 

IN-BREATH-ED, clnfused by inspiration. Milton. 

IN'BRED, a. Bred within ; innate ; natural. Dryden. 

IN-BREED', V. t. To produce or generate within. 

IN'€A, 71. The title formerly given by the natives of Peru 
to their kings and to the princes of the blood. 

IN-CaGE', v. t. To confine in a cage ; to coop up ; to con- 
fine to any narrow limits. Shak. 

IN-€A'6ED, (in-kajd') pp. Cooped up ; confined to a cage or 
to narrow limits. 



* See Synopsis. S, E, I, O, tl, ■?, long.— FAR, FAIAj, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete. 



INC 4 

IN-€Aft'ING, ppr. Confining to a cage or to narrow limits. 

IN-€a6E'MENT, n. Confinement in a cage. 

IN-eAL'€U-LA-BLE, a. That cannot be calculated. 

IN-€AL'eU-LA-BLY, adv. In a degree beyond calcula- 
tion. 

IN-CA-LES'CENCE, ) n. [L. incalescens.] A growing 

IN-CA-LES'CEN-CY, ) warm j incipient or increasing 
heat. 

IN-€A-LES'IJENT, a. Growing warm ; increasing in heat. 

IN-eAM-ER-A'TION, n. The act or process of uniting 
lands, revenues or other rights to the pope's domain. 

IN-€AN-DES'CENCE, n. f L. incandescens.] A white heat ; 
or the glowing whiteness of a body caused by intense 
heat. 

IN €AN-DES'CENT a. White or glowing with heat. 

IN-€AN-Ta'TION, n. [L. incantatio.] The act of enchant- 
ing; enchantment; the act of ushig certain formulas of 
words and ceremonies, for the purpose of raising spirits. 

IN-€ANT'A-T0-RY, a. Dealing by enchantment ; magical. 

tIN-€ANT'ING, a. Enchanting. 

IN-€AN'TON, V. t. [in and caiiton.] To unite to a canton 
or separate community. Addison. 

IN-€A-PA-BIL'I-TY, or IN-€a'PA-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The 
quality of being incapable ; natural incapacity or want of 
power. 2. Want of legal qualifications or of legal power. 

IN-€a'PA-BLE, a. 1. Wanting capacity sufficient ; not 
having room sufficient to contain or hold. 2. Wanting 
natural power or capacity to learn, know, understand or 
compreliend. 3. Not admitting ; not in a state to receive ; 
not susceptible of. 4. Wanting power equal to any pur- 
pose. 5. Wanting moral power or disposition. 6. Un- 
qualified or disqualified, in a legal sense ; not having the 
legal cr constitutional qualifications, — Incapable properly 
denotes a want of passive power, the power of receiving, 
ai.d is applicable particularly to the mind ; unable denotes 
the want of active power or power of performing, and is 
applicable to the body or the mind. 

IN-€A-Pa'GIOUS, a. Not capacious ; not large or spacious ; 
narrow ; of small content. 

IN-€A-Pa'CIOUS-NESS, n. Narrowness; want of contain- 
ing space. 

IN-GA-PAC'I-TATE, v. t. 1. To deprive of capacity or 

. natural power. 2. To render or make incapable. 3. To 

' disable ; to weaken ; to deprive of competent power or 
ability. 4. To render unfit. 5. To disqualify ; to deprive 
of legal or constitutional requisites. 

IN-€A-PAC-I-Ta'TION, 71. Want of capacity. Burke. 

IN-GA-PAC'I-TY, n. 1. Want of capacity. 2. Want of 
qualification or legal requisites ; inability. 3. Disqualifi- 
cation ; disability by deprivation of power. 

IN-GAR'CE-RATE, v. t. [L. incarcero.] 1. To imprison ; to 
confine in a jail. 2. To confine ; to shut up or inclose. 

IN-GAR CE-RATE, a. Imprisoned ; confined. More. 

IN-€AR-CE-Ra'TION, n. The act of imprisoning or con- 
fining ; imprisonment. 

IN-GARN', V. t. [L. incarno.'] To cover with fiesh ; to invest 
with flesh. Wiseman. 

IN-GARN', V. i. To breed flesh. Wiseman. 

IN-€ARN'A-DINE, a. [Fr. incarnadin.] Flesh-colored ; of 
a carnation color ; pale red. Shak. 

IN-€ARN'A-DINE, v. t. To dye red or flesh-color.' 

IN-GARN'ATE, v. t. [Fr. incomer ; L. incarno.] To clothe 
with flesh ; to imbody in flesh. Milton. 

IN-€ARN'ATE, a. 1. Invested with flesh; imbodied in 
flesh. — 2. In ScoJZajirf, of a red color ; flesh-colored. 

IN-GARN-A'TION, n. 1. The act of clothing with flesh. 
2. The act of assuming flesh, or of taking a human body 
and the nature of man. — 3. In surgery, the process of 
healing wounds and filling the part with new flesh. 

IN-€ARN'A-TiVE, a. [Fr. incarnatif.] Causing new flesh 
to grow ; healing. Kncyc. 

IN-€ARN'A-TiVE, n. A medicine that tends to promote the 
growth of new flesh, and assist nature in the healing of 
wounds. 

IN-€aSE', v. t. I. To inclose in a case. 2. To inclose; to 
cover o*- surround with something solid. Pope. 

IN-€aS'ED, (in-kasf) pp. Inclosed as in a case, sheath or 
box. 

IN-€aS'ING, ppr. Inclosing as in a case. 

IN-CASK', v. t. To put into a cask. Sherwood. 

IN-€AS'TEL-LA-TED, a. Confined or inclosed in a cas- 
tle. 

IN-€AT-E-Na'TION, 71. [L. catena.] The act of linking 
together. Goldsmith. 

IN-€AU'TIOyS, a. Not cautious ; unwary ; not ciicum- 
spect ; heedless; not attending to the circumstances on 
which safety and interest depend. 

IN-CAU'TIOUS-LY, adv. Unwarily ; heedlessly ; without 
due circumspection. 

IN-€AU'TIOUS-NESS, n. Want of caution ; unwariness ; 
want of foresight. 

1N'€A-V A-TED, a. Made hollow ; bent round or in. 

IN-€A-Va'TION, 71. 1. The act of making hollow. 2. A 
hollow made. 



) INC 

IN-CEND', V. t. [L. incendo.] To inflame; to excite 

Marston. 
*IN-CEND'I-A-RY, 71. [L. incendiarius.} 1. A person who 
maliciously sets fire to another man's dwelling-house, or 
to any out-house, being parcel of the same, as a barn or 
stable ; one who is guilty of arson. 2. Any person who 
sets fire to a building. 3. A person who excites or in- 
flames factions, and promotes quarrels. 4. He or that 
which excites. 

* IN-CEND'I-A-RY, a. 1. Pertaining to the malicious burn- 
ing of a dwelling. 2. Tending to excite or inflame fac- 
tions, sedition or quarrels. 

IN-CEND'I-OUS, a. Promoting faction or quarrel. Lord 
Bacon. 

IN'CENSE, (in'sens) 71. [Ij.incensum.] 1. Perfume exhaled 
by fire ; the odors of spices and gums, burnt in religious 
rites, or as an offisring to some deity. 2. The materials 
burnt for making perfumes. 3. Acceptable prayers and 
praises. — 4. In materia medica, a dry, resinous substance, 
known by the name otthus and olibanum. 

IN'CENSE, (in'sens) v. t. To perfume with incense. 

IN-CENSE', (in-sense') v. t. To enkindle or inflame to vio- 
lent anger ; to excite angry passions ; to provoke ; to irri- 
tate ; to exasperate ; to heat ; to fire. 

IN-CENS'ED, (in-sensf) pp. Inflamed to violent anger j 
exasperated. 

IN-CENSE'MENT, (in-sens'ment) n. Violent irritation of 
the passions ; heat ; exasperation. 

IN-CENS'ING, ppr. Inflaming to anger ; irritating, 

IN-CEJ>7'SI0N, n. [L. incensio.] The act of kindling ; the 
state of being on fire. Bacon. 

IN-CENS'IVE, a. Tending to excite or provoke. 

IN-CENS'OR, 7J. [L.] Akindlerofanger. 

* IN-CENS'0-RY, 71. The vessel in which incense ia 
burnt and offered. Ainsworth, 

IN-CEN'TIVE, a. [Low L. incentivus.] Inciting ; encour- 
aging or moving. 

IN-CEN'TIVE, n. [Low L. incentivum.] 1. That which 
kindles or inflames. 2. That which moves the mind, or 
operates on the passions ; that which prompts to good or 
ill ; motive ; spur. 

IN-CEP'TION, 71. [L. inceptio.] Beginning. 

IN-CEP'TIVE, a. [L. inceptivv^.] Beginning; noting be- 
ginning. 

IN-CEP'TOR, 71. A beginner ; one in the rudiments. 

IN-CER-A'TION, 71. [L. incero.] The act of covering with 
wax. 

IN-CER'TAIN, a. Uncertain ; doubtful ; unsteady. Fairfax. 

IN-CER'TAIN-LY, adv. Doubtfully. 

IN-CER'TAIN-TY, n. Uncertainty ; doubt. Davies. 

IN-CER'TI-TUDE, n. [L. incertitudo.] Uncertainty; doubt- 
fulness ; doubt. 

IN-CES'SA-BLE, a. Unceasing; continual. [Little used.] 
Shelton. 

IN-CES'SAN-CY, n. Unintermitted continuance ; unceas- 
ingnesR. Dwight. 

IN-CES'SANT, a. [L. in and cessans.] Unceasing ; unin- 
termitted ; uninterrupted ; continual. Pope, 

IN-CES'SANT-LY, adv. Without ceasing ; continually. 

IN'CEST, n. [Fr. inceste ; L, incestum.] The crime of co-; 
habitation or sexual commerce between persons related 
within the degrees wherein marriage is prohibited by the 
law of a country. 

IN-CEST'U-OUS, a. 1. Guilty of incest. 2. Involving the 
crime of incest. 

IN-CEST U-OUS-LY, adv. In an incestuous manner; in 
a manner to involve the crime of incest, 

IN-CEST'U-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being 
incestuous, Bp. Hall. 

INCH, n. [Sax, ince.] 1. A lineal measure, being the 
twelfth part of afoot, and equal to the length of three bar- 
ley corns. 2. Proverbially, a small quantity or degree ; 
as, to die by inches. 3. A precise point of time; [umc- 
sual.] 

INCH, v. t. 1. To drive by inches or small degrees ; [little 
used.] Dry den. 2. To deal out by inches; to give spar- 
ingly ; [little used.] 

INCH, V. i. To advance or retire by small degrees. [Little 
used.]^Johnson. 

INCHED is added to words of ntimber ; as, four-inched. 
Shak. But in America the common practice is to add only 
inch ; as, a seven-inch cable. 

t IN-CHaM'BER, v. t. [Fr. enchambrer.] To lodge in a 
chamber. 

IN-CHART-TA-BLE, a. Uncharitable. 

IN-CHAS'TI-TY, n. [in and chastity.] Lewdness ; impuri- 
ty ; unchastity. J. Edwards. 

IN-CHEST', V. t. To put into a chest. Sherwood. 

INCH'-MeAL, 71. A piece an inch long. Shak. 

IN'€HO-ATE, v. t. [L. inchoo.] To begin. [L. «.] M<re. 

IN'€H0-ATE, a. Began ; commenced. Raleigh. 

IN'€HO-ATE-LY, adv. In an incipient degree. 

IN-€HO-a'TION, 71. The act of beginning; commence- 
ment ; inception. [Little used.] Hale. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— B|JLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as In thif. t Obsolete 



INC 



440 



INC 



!N-£ai(yA-TIVE, a. Noting beginning ; inceptive. 

INCH'PIN, n. Some of the inside of a deer. Ainsworth. 

t IN-CiDE', V. t. [L. incido.] To cut ; to separate ; as, med- 
icines. Arbuthnot. 

IN'CI-DENCE, 71. [L. inddejis.] 1. Literally, a falling on ; 
whence, an accident or casualty. 2. The manner of fall- 
ing on, or the direction In which one body falls on or 

IN'CI-DENT, a. 1. Falling ; casual ; fortuitous ; coming 
or happening occasionally. 2. Happening ; apt to hap- 
pen. 3. Appertaining to or following the chief or prin- 
cipal. 

IN'CI-DENT, n. 1. That which falls out ; an event ; casu- 
alty. 2. That which happens aside of the main design ; 
an episode or subordinate action. Dry den. 

IN-CI-DENT'AL, a. 1. Happening; coming without de- 
sign 3 casual ; accidental. 2. Not necessary to the chief 
purpose ; occasional. Rogers. 

IN-CI-DENT'AL, n. An incident. [Little used.] Pope. 

IN-CI-DENT'AL-LY, ado. 1. Casually 5 without inten- 
tion ; accidentally. 2. Beside the main design ; occasion- 
ally. 

t IN'CI-DENT-LY, adv. Occasionally ; by the way. 

IN-CIN'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. in and cinis.] To burn to ashes. 
Bacon. 

t IN-CIN'ER-ATE, a. Burnt to ashes. Bacon. 

IN-CIN'ER-A-TED, pp. Burnt to ashes. 

IN-CIN'ER-A-TING, ppr. Reducing to ashes. 

IN-CIN-ER-a'TION, 71. The act of reducing to ashes. 

IN-CIP'I-EN-CY, n. Beginning ; commencement. 

IN-CIFI-SNT, a. [L. incipiens.] Beginning; commenc- 
ing ; as, the incipient stage of a fever. 

IN-CiR'€LET, n. A small circle. Sidney. 

IN-CiR-€UM-SeRIP'TI-BLE, a. That cannot be circum- 
scribed or limited. Cranmer. 

IN-CiR-eUM-SPE€'TION, n. Want of circumspection. 

IN-ClSE', V. t. [Fr. inciser.'] To cut in ; to carve. 

IN-Cl$'ED, (in-sizd') a. [L. incis-us.'] Cut; made by cut- 
ting. Wiseman. 

IN-ClSE'LY, adv. In the manner of incisions. 

IN-CIS'ION, 71. [Fr.; L. incisio.] 1. A cutting ; the act of 
cutting into a substance. 2. A cut; a gash; the sepa- 
ration of the surface of any substance made by a sharp 
instrument. 3. Separation of viscid matter by medicines ; 
[o&s.] 

IN-Cl'SIVE, a. [Fr. incisif.'] Having the quality of cut- 
ting or separating the superficial part of any thing.— /ii- 
cisive teeth, in animals, are the fore teeth, the cutters. 

IN-Ci'SOR, 71. [L.] A cutter; a fore tooth, which cuts, 
bites or separates. 

IN-Ci'SO-RY, a. Having the quality of cutting. 

IN-CIS'URE, (in-slzh'ur) n. [L. incisura.] A cut ; a place 
opened by cutting ; an incision. Derham. 

IN-Cl'TANT, n. [from incite.] That which excites action 
in an animal body. Darrein. 

IN-CI-Ta TION, n. [L. incitatio.] 1. The act of inciting 
or moving to action ; incitement. 9. Incitement ; incen- 
tive ; motive ; that which excites to action ; that which 
rouses or prompts. 

IN-CFTE', V. t. [L. incito.] 1. To move the mind to action 
by persuasion or motives presented ; to stir up ; to rouse ; 
to spur on. 2. To move to action by impulse or influence. 
3. To animate ; to encourage. 

IN-ClT'ED, pp. Moved to action ; stirred up ; spurred on. 

IN-ClTE'MENT, n. That which incites the mind, or moves 
to action ; motive ; incentive ; impulse. 

IN-ClT'ER, 71. He or that which incites or moves to ac- 
tion. 

IN-ClT'ING, ppr. Exciting to action ; stirring up. 

IN-CIVIL, a. Uncivil ; rude ; un polite. 

IN-CI-VIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. incivUite.] 1. Want of courtesy ; 
rudeness of manners towards others ; impoliteness. TU- 
lotson. 2. Any act of rudeness or ill-breeding. 

IN-CrV ILr-LY, adv. Uncivilly; rudely. 

IN-CIV'ISM, n. Want of civism ; want of love to one's 
country, or of patriotism. Ames. 

IN-€LASP', V. t. To clasp ; to hold fast. Cudworth. 

IN'CLA-VA-TED, a. Set ; fast fixed. Diet. 

IN'CLE, 71. A kind of tape made of linen yarn. 

IN-€LEM'EN-CY, n. [Fr. inclemence ; L. inclementia.] 1. 
Want of clemency ; want of mildness of temper ; unmer- 
cifulness ; harshness ; severity. 2. Roughness ; bois- 
terousness ; storminess ; or simply raininess ; severe 
cold, &c. 

IN-CLEM'ENT, a. 1. Destitute of a mild and kind tem- 
per ; void of tenderness ; unmerciful ; severe ; harsh. 
2. Rough ; stormy; boisterous; rainy; rigorously cold, 
&c. 

IN-€LlN'A-BLE, a [L. inclinabilis.] 1. Leaning ; tend- 
ing. 2. Having a propension of will; leaning in disposi- 
tion . somewhat disposed. Milton. 

IN-€LTN'A-BLE-NESS, 71. Favorable disposition. Brady. 

IN-€LI-Ni'TION, n. [Fr.; L. incUnatio.] 1. A leaning ; 
any deviation of a body or line from an upright position. 



or from a parallel line, towards another body ^2. In ge- 
ometry, the angle made by two lines or planes that meet 

3. A leaning of the mind or will ; propension or propen 
sity ; a disposition more favorable to one thing than to an- 
other. 4. Love ; affection ; regard ; desire. 5. Disposi- 
tion of mind. 6. The dip of the magnetic needle, or its 
tendency to incline towards the earth. 7. The act of de- 
canting liquors by stooping or inclining the vessel. 

* IN-€LiN'A-TO-RI-LY, adv. Obliquely; with inclina- 
tion. 

* IN-€LiN'A-TO-RY, a. Having the quality of leaning or 
inclining,. Brown. 

IN-€LlNE', V. i. [L. inclino.] 1. To lean ; to deviate from 
an erect or parallel line toward any object ; to tend. 2. 
To lean ; in a moral sense ; to have a propension ; to be 
disposed ; to have some wish or desire. 3. To have an 
appetite ; to be disposed. 

IN-€LiNE', V. t. 1. To cause to deviate from an erect, per- 
pendicular or parallel line ; to give a leaning to. 2. To 
give a tendency or propension to the will or affections ; 
to turn ; to dispose. 3. To bend ; to cause to stoop or 
bow._ 

IN-€LiN'ED, (in-klind') pp. or a. Having a leaning or tenden- 
cy ; disposed. — Inclined plane, in mechanics, is a plane that 
makes an oblique angle with the plane of the horizon ; a 
sloping plane. 

IN-€LlN'ER, n. An inclined dial. 

IN-CLlN'ING, ppr. Leaning; causing to lean. 

IN-€LTN'ING, a. Leaning. 

IN-CLIP', V. t. To grasp ; to inclose ; to surround. 

IN-€LOIS'TER, v. t. To shut up in a cloister. 

IN-€LoSE', w. t. [Fr. enclos.] 1. To surround; to shu« 
in ; to confine on all sides. 2. To separate from common 
grounds by a fence. 3. To include ; to shut or confine 

4. To environ ; to encompass. 5. To cover with a wrap- 
per or envelop ; to cover under seal. 

IN-€LoS'ED, (in-klozd') pp. Surrounded ; encompassed ; 
confined on ail sides ; covered and sealed ; fenced. 

IN-€LoS'ER, 71. He or that which incloses ; one who sep- 
arates land from common grounds by a fence. 

IN-€LoS'ING, ppr. Surrounding ; encompassing ; shutting 
in ; covering and confining. 

IN-€LoS'URE, (in-klo'zhur) 71. 1. The act of inclosing. 9 
T!ie separation of land from common ground into distinct 
possessions by a fence. 3. The appropriation of thingp 
common. 4. State of being inclosed, shut up or encom 
passed. Ray. 5. A space inclosed or fenced. 6. Ground 
inclosed or separated from common land. 7. That which 
is inclosed or contained in an envelop, as a paper. Wash 
ington. 

IN-€LOUD', V. t. To darken ; to obscure. Shak. 

IN-€LOUD'ED, pp. Involved in obscurity. 

IN-€LOUD'ING, p;?r. Darkening; obscuring. 

IN-€LuDE', V. t. [L. includo.] 1. To confine within ; U 
hold ; to contain. 2. To comprise ; to comprehend ; tr 
contain. 

IN-CLuD'ED, pp. Contained ; comprehended. 

IN-€LuD'ING, 'ppr. Containing ; comprising. 

IN-€Lu'SION, n. [L. inclusio.] The act of including. 

IN-€LU'SIVE, a. jFr. inclusif.] I. Inclosing ; encircling 
2. Comprehended in the number or sum. 

IN-€Lu'SIVE-LY, adv. Comprehending the thing mention 
ed ; as, from Monday to Saturday inclusively. 

t IN-€0-A€T'ED | "' [^- i^coactus.] Unrestrained. 

IN-eO-AG'U-LA-BLE, a. That cannot be coagulated. 

IN-eO-ER'CI-BLE, a. Not to be coerced or compelled ; that 
cannot be forced. Black. 

IN-€0-EX-IST'ENCE, n. A not existing together. 

IN-COG', adv. [contracted from incognito.] In conceal- 
ment ; in disguise ; in a manner not to be known. 

t IN-€06'I-TA-BLE, a. [L. incogitabilis.] Unthought of 
Dean K^ing. 

IN-€06'I-TAN-CY,7i. [1j. incogitantia.] Want of thought, 
or want of the power of thinking. Decay of Piety. 

IN-€06'I-TANT, a. Not thinking ; thoughtless. 

IN-€0G'I-TANT-LY, adv. Without consideration. 

IN-€0G'I-TA-TIVE, a. Not thinking ; wanting the power 
of thought. 

IN-€OG'NI-TO, adv. [L. incognitus.] In concealment ; in 
a disguise of the real person. 

IN-€0GN'I-ZA-BLE, (in-kog'ne-za-bl, or in-kon'e-za-bl) 
a. Thatcannot be recognized, known or distinguished. 

IN-€0-Hk'RENCE, ^71. I. Want of coherence; want of 

IN-€0-He'REN-CY, \ cohesion or adherence ; looseness 
or unconnected state of parts, as of a powder. 2. Want 
of connection ; incongruity ; inconsistency ; wantof agree 
ment or dependence of one part on another. 3. Inconsist- 
ency ; that which dees not agree with other parts of the 
same thmg. 

IN-€0-Hk'RENT, a. 1. Wanting cohesion ; loose ; uncon- 
nected ; not fixed to each other. 9. Wanting coherence 
or agreement ; incongruous ; inconsistent ; having no de- 
pendence of one part on another. 



• Set Synopsis. 5, E,I, 0, tr, Y, long.—FA.U, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. 



INC 



441 



INC 



lN€0-HE'RENT-LY,adc. Inconsistently; without cohe- 
rence of parts. 

IN-fJO-IN'CI-DENCE, n. Want of coincidence. 

IN-eO-IN'CI-DENT, a. Not coincident. 

IN-€0-Lu'MI-TY, n. [L. incolumita>>.'\ Safety. 

IN-€OM-BlNE', ». i. To differ. {IllforviedA Milton 

IN-€OM-BUST-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being inca- 
pable of being burnt or consumed. Ray. 

IN-€OM-BLrST'I-BLE, a. Not to be burnt, decomposed or 
consumed by fire. 

IN-€OM-BUST'I-BLE-NESS, n. Incombustibility, 

1N'€6ME, (in'kum) n. \in and come.] 1. That gain which 
proceeds from labor, business or property of any kind ; the 
produce of a farm ; the rent of houses ; the proceeds of 
professional business ; the profits of commerce or of occu- 
pation ; the interest of money or stock in funds.— /ncowie 
is often used synonymously with revenue, but income is 
more generally applied to the gain of private persons, and 
revenue to that of a sovereign or of a state. We speak of 
the annual income cf a gentleman, and the annual revenue 
of the state. 2. A coming in ; admission ; introduction ; 
[not in use.] 

IN'GOM-ING, a. Coming in. Burke. 

IN'eOM-ING, n. Income ; gain. Tooke. 

*IN-€OM-MEN-SU-RA-BIL'I-TY, n. Tlie quality or state 
of a thing, when it has no common measure with another 
thing. 

* IN-eOM-MEN'SU-RA-BLE, a. Having no common meas- 
ure. 

* IN-COM-MEN'SU-RATE, a. 1. Not admitting of a com- 
mon measure. 2. Not of equal measure or extent ; not 
adequate. 

*IN-€OM-MEN'SU-RATE-LY, adv. Not in equal or due 
measure or proportion. Cheyne. 

IN-€OM-MIS'CI-BLE, a. [in and commix.] That cannot Ite 
commixed or mutually mixed. 

IN-€OM-MIXT'LTRE, n. A state of being unmixed. 

t IN-eOM'MO-DATE, v. t. To incommode. 

IN-COM-MO-Da'TION, n. Inconvenience. AnnoU on Olan- 
viUe. 

IN-€OM-MoDE', v. t. [L. incommodo.] To give inconven- 
ience to ; to give trouble to ; to disturb or molest. 

IN-€OM-MoD'ED, pp. Put to inconvenience. 

t IN-€OM-MoDE'MENT, n. Inconvenience. Cheyne. 

IN-€OM-MoD'ING, ppr. Subjecting to trouble. 

* IN-COM-Mo'DI-OUS, a. [L. incommodus.] Inconvenient; 
not affording ease or advantage ; unsuitable ; giving trou- 
ble, without much injury. 

*IN-€OM-MO'DI-OUS-LY, adv. In a manner to create in- 
convenience ; inconveniently ; unsuitably. 

*IN-€OM-Mo'DI-OUS-NESS,m. Inconvenience; unsuita- 
bleness. 

IN-€OM-MOD I-TY, ti. [Fr. incommodite ; L. incommodi- 
tas.] Inconvenience ; trouble. [Little used.] Bacon. 

IN-€OM-MU-NI-€A-BIL'I-TY, or IN-€OM-Mu'NI-€A- 
BLE-NESS, n. The quality of not being communica- 
ble. 

IN-€OM-Mu'NI-€A-BLE, a. That cannot be communicat- 
ed or imparted to others. 

IN-€OM~Mu'NI-eA-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be im- 
parted or communicated . Hakewill. 

IN-€OM-Mu NI-€A-TED, a. Not imparted. 

IN-€OM-Mu'NI-€A-TING, a. Having no communion or in- 
tercourse with each other. Hale. 

IN-€OM-MU'NI-€A-TlVE, a. 1. Not communicative. 2. 
Not disposed to hold communion, fellowship or intercourse 
with. Buchanan. 

IN-€OM-MU-TA-BIL'I-TY, or IN-€OM-Mu'TA-BLE- 
NESS, 71. The quality of being incommutable. 

lN-€OM-Mu'TA-BLE, a. Not to be exchanged or commut- 
ed with another. 

IN-€OM-Mu'TA-BLY, adv. Without reciprocal change. 

IN-€OM-PA€T', ) a. Not compact; not having the 

IN-€OM-PA€T'ED, \ parts firmly united ; not solid. 

IN-eOM'PA-RA-BLE, a. That admits of no comparison 
with others. 

IN-€OM'PA-RA-BLE-NESS, n. Excellence beyond com- 
parison. 

IN-€OM'PA-RA-BLY, adv. Beyond comparison ; without 
competition. 

IN-€OM-PAR'ED, (in-kom-pard') a. Not matched ; peer- 
less. Spenser. 

t IN-€OM-PAS'SION, n. Want of compassion or pity. 

IN-€OM-PAS'SION-ATE, a. Void of compassion or pity ; 
destitute of tenderness. Johnson. 

rN-€OM-PAS'SION-ATE-LY, adv. Without pity. 

IN-€OM-PAS'SION-ATE-NESS, n. Want of pity. 

IN-€OM-PAT-I-BIL I-TY, n. I. Inconsistency; that qual- 
ity or state of a thing which renders it impossible that it 
should subsist or be consistent with something else. 2. 
Irreconcilable disagreement. 

IN-€0M-PAT'I-BLE, a. [Fr. It was formerly incom- 
petible.] 1. Inconsistent ; that cannot subsist with 
somethmg else. 2. Irreconcilably different or disagree- 



ing; incongruous. 3. Legally or constitution ally incon 
sistent ; that cannot be united in the same person, with 
out violating the law or constitution. 

IN-€OM-PAT'I-BLY, adv. Inconsistently. 

IN-€OMTE-TENCE, (n. [Fi. incompetence.! 1 Inabili- 

IN-eOM'PE-TEN-CY, \ ty ; want of sufficient intellec- 
tual powers or talents. 2. Want of natural adequate 
strength of body, or of suitable faculties. 3. Want of le- 
gal or constitutional qualifications. 4. Want of adequate 
means. 5. Insufficiency ; inadequacy. 

IN-€OM'PE-TENT, a. [Fr. ; L. in and competens.] 1 
Wanting adequate powers of mind or suitable faculties. 

2. Wanting due strength or suitable faculties; unable 

3. Wanting the legal or constitutional qualifications. 4 
Destitute of means ; unable. 5. Inadequate ; insuffi- 
cient. 6. Unfit ; improper ; legally unavailable. 

IN-€OM'PE-TENT-LY, adv. Insuflaciently ; inadequately 
not suitably. 

IN-€OM-PLeTE', a. [in and complete.] 1. Not finished 
2. Imperfect ; defective. 

IN-€OM-PLeTE'LY, adv. Imperfectly. 

IN-€OM-PLeTE'NESS, n. An unfinished state ; imper- 
fectness ; defectiveness. 

IN-€OM-PLEX', a. Not complex ; uncorapounded ; sim 
pie. 

IN-€OM-PLi'ANCE, n. 1. Defect of compliance ; refusal 
to comply with solicitations. 2. Untractableness ; un- 
yielding temper or constitution. Tiliotson. 

IN-€OM-PLi'ANT, a. Unyielding to request or solicita- 
tion ; not disposed to comply. 

IN-€OM-PoS'ED, (in-koni-pozd') a. Disordered ; disturbed 

IN-€OM'PO-SiTE, (in-kom'po-zit) a. Uncompounded , 
simple. 

IN-€OM-POS-SI-BIL'I-T Y, n. The quality of not being pos 
sible but by the negation or destruction of something ; in 
consistency with something. [Little used.] 

IN-€0M-P0S'SI-BLE, a. Not possible to be or subsist with 
something else. [Little used.] 

IN-€OM-PRE-HEN-SI-BlL'I-TY, n. The quality of bein? 
incomprehensible ; inconceivableness. Campbell. 

IN-€OM-PRE-HENSI-BLE, a. [Fr.] I. That cannot be 
comprehended or understood ; luat is beyond the reach a 
human intellect ; inconceivable. 2. Not to be container 

IN-€OM-PRE-HENS'I-BLE-NESS, n. Incomprehensibility 
IN-€OM-PRE-HENS'I-BLY, adv. Inconceivably. 
IN-eOM-PRE-HEN'SION, n. Warn of comprehension. 
IN-€OM-PRE-HENS'IVE, a. Not comprehensive. 
IN-€OM-PRESS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of resisting 

compression. 
IN-€OM-PRESS'I-BI,E, a. Not to be compressed ; not ca 

palile of being reduced by force into a smaller compass 

resisting compression. 
IN-€ON-CeAL'A-BLE, a. Not concealable ; not to be hii* 

or kept secret. Brown. 
IN-€ON-CeIV'A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be conceived b* 

the mind ; incomprehensible. 2. That cannot be under 

stood. 
IN-€ON-CeIV'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being in 

conceivable ; incomprehensibility. 
1N-€0N-CeIV'A-BLY, adv. In a manner beyond compr& 

hension, or beyond the reach of human intellect. 
IN-€0N-CEP'TI-BLE, a. Inconceivable. [L. u.] Hale. 
IN-€0N-CIN'NI-TY, n. [L. inconcinnitas.] Unsuitable 

ness; want of proportion. More. 
IN-€ON-€LuD'ENT, a [L. in and concludens.] Not infer 

ring a conclusion or consequence. [Little used.] Ayliffe. 
IN-€ON-€LuD'ING, a. Inferring no consequence. 
IN-€ON-€Lu'SIVE, a. Not producing a conclusion; no* 

closing, concluding or setthng a point in debate or 9 

doubtful question. 
IN-€ON-€Lu'SIVE-LY, adv. Without such evidence ar 

to determine the understanding in regard to truth or falst 

hood. 
IN-€ON-€LtJ'SIVE-NESS, n. Want of such evidence a/ 

to satisfy the mind of truth or falsehood. 
IN-€ON-€0€T', a. Inconcocted. 
IN-€ON-€OeT'ED, a. Not fully digested ; not matured . 

unripened. Bacon. 
IN-€ON-€0€'TION, n. The state of being indigested ; ub 

ripeness ; immaturity. Bacon. 
IN-€ON-€UR'RING, a. Not concurring ; not agreeing. 
IN-€ON-€US'SI-BLE, a. That cannot be shaken. 
IN-€ON-DEN-SA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being no» 

condensable. 
IN-€ON-DENS'A-BLE, a. 1. Not capable of condensatiop 

that cannot be made more dense or compact. 2. Not to 

be converted from a state of vapor to a fluid. 
* IN-€ON'DITE, a. [L. inconditus.] Rude ; unpolished ; ir- 
regular. [Littleused.] Philips. 
t IN-€ON-DI"TION-AL, a. Without any condition, ex- 
ception or limitation ; absolute. See UrfcoNDixioNAL. 
t IN-€ON-DI"TION-ATE, a. Not limited or restrained bv 

conditions; absolute. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE— € asK;6aeJ;Sa3Z;CHasSH;THasin thi». f Obsolete 



INC 



442 



INC 



f rN-€ON. FiRM'BD, (in-kon-furmd') for unconfirmed. 

[N-€ON-FORM'A-BLE, a. Wot conformable. Heylin. 

IN-eON-FORM'I-TY, n. Want of conformity ; non-con- 
formity. [The latter word is more commonly used,] 

IN-eOW-FuS'ED, (in-kon-fuzd') a. Not confused ; distinct. 
Bacon, 

rN-€ON-Fu'SION, «. Distinctness. Bacon. 

1N-€ON-6e'LA-BLE, a. Not to be frozen. Cockeram. 

fN-€ON-6E'NlAL, a. Not congenial ; not of a like nature ; 
unsuitable. 

IN-€0N-6E-NI-AL'I-TY, n. Unlikeness of nature ; unsuit- 
ableness. 

rN-€ON'GRU-ENCE, n. Want of congruence, adaptation 
or agreement ; unsuitableness. [Little used.] Boyle. 

IN-€ON'GRU-ENT, a. Unsuitable ; inconsistent. 

FN-€ON-GRu'I-TY, n. 1. Want of congruity; improprie- 
ty ; inconsistency ; absurdity ; unsuitableness of one thing 
to another. 2. Disagreement of parts ; want of symme- 
try. 

fN-€ON'GRU-OUS, a. [L. incongrtius.'} Not congruous; 
unsuitable ; not fitting ; inconsistent ; improper. 

rN-€ON'GRU-OUS-LY, adv. Unsuitably ; unfitly. 

fN-eON-NEC'TION, n. Want of connection; loose, dis- 
jointed state, Bp. Hall. 

t IN-€ON-NEX'ED-LYi, adv. Without any connection or 
dGDcndcncG 

IN-€ON'SCldN-A-BLE, a. Having no sense of good and 
evil. Spenser. 

IN-€ON'SE-aUENCE, n. [L. inconsequentia.] Want of 
just inference ; inconclusiveness. 

IN-€ON'SE-aUENT, a. Not following from the premises ; 
without regular inference. Brown. 

IN-CON-SE-aUEN'TIAL, a. 1. Not regularly following 
from the premises. 2. Not of consequence ; not of im- 
portance ; of little moment. 

IN-eON-SID'ER-A-BLE, a. Not worthy of consideration 
or notice ; unimportant ; small ; trivial. 

rN-€ON-SID'ER-A-BLE-NESS, n. Small importance, 

IN-€ON-SID'ER-A-PLY, adv. In a small degree ; to a small 
amount ; very little 

IN-€ON-SID'ER-A-CY,n. Thoughtlessness ; want of con- 
sideration. [Unusual.] Chesterfield. 

IN-€ON-SlD'ER-ATE, a. [L. incoiisideratus.] I. Not 
considerate ; not attending to the circumstances which 
regard safety or propriety; hasty; rash; imprudent; 
careless ; thoughtless ; heedless ; inattentive. 2, Proceed- 
m^ from heedlessness ; rash. 3. Not duly regarding. 

IN-eON-SID'ER-ATE-LY, adv. Without due consideration 
or regard to consequences ; heedlessly ; carelessly ; rashly ; 
imprudently. 

rN-€ON-SID'ER-ATE-NESS, a. Want of due regard to 
consequences; carelessness; thoughtlessness; inadvert- 
ence ; inattention ; imprudence. 

IN-eON-SID-ER-A'TION, n. Want of due consideration ; 
waiit of thought ; inattention to consequences. 

IN-eON-SIST'ENCE, ) n. 1. Such opposition or disagree- 

IN-€ON-SIST'EN-CY, ^ ment as that one proposition 
infers the negation of the other; such contrariety be- 
tween things that both cannot subsist together.* ,2. Ab- 
surdity in argument or narration ; argument or narrative 
where one part destroys the other ; self-contradiction. 3. 
Incongruity ; want of agreement or uniformity. 4. Un- 
steadiness ; changeableness, 

IN-€ON-SIST'ENT, a. 1. Incompatible ; incongruous ; not 
suitable. 2. Not consistent ; contrary, or so that the truth 
of one proves the other to be false. 3. Not uniform ; be- 
ing contrary at different times. 

IN-€ON-SIST'ENT-LY, adv. With absurdity ; incongru- 
ously ; with self-contradiction ; without steadiness or 
uniformity. 

t IN-eON-SIST'ENT-NESS, n. Inconsistency. More. 

f- IN-€ON-SIST'ING, a. Inconsistent. Dryden. 

\ IN-€ON-SoL'A-BLE, a. Not to be consoled ; grieved be- 
yond susceptibility of comfort. 

IN-€ON-SoL'A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree that does 
not adnnt of consolation. 

IN-€ON'SO-NANCE, n. Disagreement of sounds ; discord- 
ance. Bushy. 

IN-CON'SO-NAN-CY, n. Disagreement ; inconsistency. — In 
music, disagreement of sounds ; discordance. 

IN-€ONSO-NANT, a. Not agreeing ; inconsistent ; discord- 
ant. 

IN-eON-SPIG'U-OUS, a. 1. Not discernible; not to be 
perceived by the sight. 2. Not conspicuous. 

IN-€ON'STAN-CY, n. [L. inconstantia.] 1. Mutability or 
instability of temper or affection ; unsteadiness ; fickle- 
ness. 2. Want of uniformity ; dissimilitude. 

IN-eON'STANT, a. [L. inconstans.] 1. Mutable ; subject 
to change of opinion, inclination or purpose ; not firm in 
resolution ; unsteady ; fickle. 2. Mutable ; changeable ; 
variable. 

l]S-€ON'STANT-LY, adv. In an inconstant manner, 

lN-€ON-SuM'A-BLE, a. Not to be consumed ; that cannot 
be wasted. 



IN-€ON-SUM'MATE, a. Not consummate ; not finished , 
not complete, 

IN-€ON-SUM MATE-WESS, n. State of being incomplete. 

t IN-€ON-SUMP'TI-BLE, a. 1. Not to be spent, wasted or 
destroyed by fire. Dighy. 2. Not to be destroyed. 

tIN-€ON-^TAM'I-NATE,a. Not contaminated; not adul- 
terated, 

IN-€ON-TEST'A-BLE, a. [Fr.] Not contestable ; not to 
be disputed ; not admitting debate ; too clear to be contro- 
verted ; incontrovertible, 

IN-€ON-TEST'A-BLY, adv. In a manner to preclude de- 
bate ; indisputably ; incontrovertibly ; indubitably. 

IN-eON-TIG'U-OUS, a. Not contiguous; not adjoining; 
not touching ; separate, Boyle. 

IN-€ON'TI-NENCE, ) n. [L, incontinentia.'] 1. Want of 

IN-€ON'TI-NEN-CY, \ restraint of the passions or appe- 
tites, 2. Want of restraint of the sexual appetite ; free 
or illegal indulgence of lust ; lewdness ; used of either 
sex, but appropriately of trie male sex. Incontinence in 
men is the same as unchastity in women. — 3, Among phy- 
siciansy the inability of any of the animal organs to re- 
strain discharges of their contents, so that the discharges 
are involuntary, 

IN-€ON'TI-NENT, a. [L, incontinens.] Not restraining 
the passions or appetites, particularly the sexual appetite ; 
unchaste ; lewd, 2, Unable to restrain discharges,— In 
the senSe of immediate, or immediately, [obs.] 

IN-€ON'TI-NENT, n. One who is unchaste. B. Jonson. 

IN-€ON'TI-NENT-LY, adw. 1. Without due restraint of the 
passions or appetites ; unchastely. 2. Immediately ; [obs.] 

IN-€ON-TRA€T'ED, a. Not contracted ; not shortened, 

IN-€ON-TRoLL'A-BLE, a. Not to be controlled ; that can- 
not be restrained or governed ; uncontrollable, 

IN-€ON-TRoLL'A-BLY, adv. In a manner that admits of 
no control, 

IN-€ON-TRO-VERT'I-BLE, a. Indisputable ; too clear or 
certain to admit of dispute. 

IN-€ON-TRO-VERT'I-BLY, adij. In a manner or to a de- 
gree that precludes debate or controversy. 

IN-€ON-Ve'NI-ENCE, ; n. [L, inconvenicns.] 1. Unfit 

IN-€ON-Ve'NI-EN-CY, \ ness ; unsuitableness ; inexpe- 
dience, 2. That which gives trouble or uneasiness ; dis- 
advantage ; any thing that disturbs quiet, impedes pros- 
perity, or jncreases the difficulty of action or success. • 

IN-€ON-VE'NI-ENCE,t). t. To trouble ; to put to incon- 
venience, 

IN-€ON-Ve'NI-ENT, a. [Fr,] 1, Incommodious ; unsuit- 
able ; disadvantageous ; giving trouble or uneasiness ; 
increasing the difficulty of progress or success, 2. Unfit ; 
unsuitable, 

IN-€ON-VE'NI-ENT-LY, adv. Unsuitably; incommodi- 
ously ; in a manner to give trouble ; unseasonably, 

IN-€ON-VERS'A-BLE, a. Not inclined to free conversa- 
tion ; incommunicative ; unsocial ; reserved. 

IN-eON'VERS-ANT, a. Not conversant ; not familiar, 

IN-CON- VERT-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of not bein^ 
changeable or convertible into something else, Walsh. 

IN-€ON-VERT'I-BLE, a. Not convertible ; that cannot be 
transmuted or changed into something else, 

IN-€ON-VIN'CI-BLE, a. Not convincible ; that cannot be 
convinced ; not capable of conviction. 

IN-eON-VIN'CI-BLY, adv. In a manner not admitting of 
conviction. 

IN-€o'NY, a. or n. [qu. in, and con, to know.] Unlearned ; 
artless ; an accomplished person, in contempt. [III.] 
Shak. 

IN-€OR'PO-RAL, a. Not consisting of matter or body ; 
immaterial. Raleigh. 

IN-€OR-PO-RAL'I-TY, n. The quality of not consisting 
of matter ; immateriality, 

IN-€OR'PO-RAL-LY, adv. Without matter or a body ; im- 
materially, 

IN-€OR'PO-RATE, a. 1. Not consisting of matter ; not hav- 
ing a material body ; [little used.] 2. Mixed ; united in 
one body ; associated, 

IN-€OR'PO-RATE, v. t.JFr. incorporer ; L, incorporo.] 1. 
In pharmacy, to mix different ingredients in one mass or 
body ; to reduce dry substances to the consistence of paste 
by the admixture of a fluid, as in making pills, &c, 2. 
To mix and imbody one substance in another, 3. To 
unite ; to blend ; to work into another mass or body, 4. 
To unite ; to associate in another government or empire. 
5. To imbody ; to give a material form to, 6, To form 
into a legal body, or body politic, 

IN-€OR'PO-RATE, v. i. To unite so as to make a part of 
another body ; to be mixed or blended ; to grow into, 

IN-€OR'PO-RA-TED, jjj». Mixed or united in one body; 
associated in the same political body ; united in a legal 
body, 

IN-€OR'PO-RA-TING,ppr, Mixing or uniting in one body 
or mass ; associating in the same political body ; forming 
a legal body, 

IN-€OR-PO-Ra'TION, n. 1, The act of incorporating, 2. 
Union of different ingredients in one mass, 3, Association 



* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, tJ, Y, long.—FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



INC 



443 



INC 



In the same political body. 4. Formation of a legal 
or political body by the union of indimduals, constituting 
an artificjal person. 

IN-COR-PO'RE-AL, a. [L. incorporalis.] Not consisting 
of matter 5 not having a material body ; immaterial. 

IN-€OR-Po'RE-AL-LY, adv. Without body ; immaterially. 
Bacon . _ 

IN-eOR-PO-RE'I-TY, n. The quality of being not material ; 
immateriality. 

IN-€ORPSE', (in-korps') v. t. To incorporate. [Barharous.'] 

IN-€OR-RE€T', a. 1. Not correct ; not exact ; not according 
to a copy or model, or to established rules ; inaccurate ; 
faulty. 2. Not according to truth j inaccurate. 3. Not 
according to law or morality. 

IN-€OR-RE€'TION, n. Want of correction. Amway. 

IN-€OR-RE€T'LY, adv. Not in accordance with truth or 
other standard ; inaccurately 5 not exactly. 

IN-eOR-RECT'NESS, re. Want of conformity to truth or 
to a standard ; inaccuracy. 

IN-€OR'RI-6l-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be corrected or 
amended ; bad beyond correction. 2. Too depraved to 
be corrected or reformed. 

IN-€0R'RI-6I-BLE-NESS, or IN-€OR-RI-6l-BIL'I-TY, n. 
The quality of being bad, erroneous or depraved beyond cor- 
rection ; hopeless depravity in persons and error in things. 

IN-€OR'RI-GI-BLY, adv. To a degree of depravity beyond 
all means of amendment. Roscommon. 

IN-€OR-RUPT', \ a. [L. incomiptus.] Not corrupt ; not 

IN-€OR-RUPT'ED, \ marred, impaired or spoiled ; not 
defiled or depraved ; pure ; sound ; untainted. 

IN-€OR-RUPT-I-BIL'l-TY,?i. The quality of being inca- 
pable of decay or corruption. 

IN-€OR-RUPT'I-BLE, a. 1. That cannot corrupt or decay ; 
not admitting of corruption. 2. That cannot be bribed ; 
inflexiblyjust and upright, 

IN-€OR-RUPT'I-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being in- 
corruptible, or not liable to decay. Boyle. 

IN-€OR-RUFTION, n. Incapacity of being comipted. 

IN-€OR-RUP'TIVE, a. Not liable to corruption. 

IN-€OR-RUPT'NESS, n. 1. Exemption from decay or cor- 
ruption. 2. Purity of mind or manners ; probity ; integ- 
rity ; honesty. 

IN-eRAS'SATE, v. t. [L. incrassatus.} 1, To make thick 
or thicker 5 to thicken ; the contrary to attenuate. — 2. In 
pharmacy, to make fluids thicker by the mixture of other 
substances less fluid, or by evaporating the thinner parts. 

IN-€RAS'SATE, v. i. To become thick or thicker. 

IN-eRAS'SATE, ) a. 1. In botany, thickened or becom- 

IN-€RAS'SA-TED, \ ing thicker towards the flower. 2. 
Fattened. 

IN-eRAS'SA-TED, pf. Made thick or thicker. 

IN-€RAS'SA-TINCx, ppr. Rendering thick or thicker j 
growing thicker. 

IN-€RAS-Sa'TION, 71.^ The act of thickening, or state of 
becoming thick or thicker. Brown. 

IN-€RAS'SA-TlVE, a. Having the qualitv of thickening. 

IN-€RAS'SA-TlVE, n. That which has the power to thick- 
en. Harvey. 

[N-CReAS'A-BLE, a. That may be increased. Sherwood. 

IN-€RkASE', v. i. [L. incresco.] I. To become greater in 
bulk or quantity ; to grow ; to augment ; as plants : to be- 
come more in number ; to advance in value, or in any 
quality, good or bad. 2. To become more violent. 3. To 
become more bright or vivid. 4. To swell; to rise. 5. 
To swell ; to become louder, as sound. 6. To become of 
more esteem and authority. 7. To enlarge, as the enlight- 
ened part of the moon's disk. 

IN-€Rii:ASE', v. t. 1. To augment or make greater in bulk, 
quantity or amount. 2. To advance in quality ; to add to 
any quality or affection. 3. To extend ; to lengthen. 4. 
To extend ; to spread. 5. To aggravate. 

IN-€ReASE', 71. 1. Augmentation; a growing larger ; ex- 
tension. 2. Increment ; profit ; interest ; that which is 
added to the original stock. 3. Produce, as of land. 4. 
Progeny ; issue ; offspring. 5. Generation. 6. The 
waxing of the moon ; the augmentation of the luminous 
part of the moon, presented to the inhabitants of the earth. 
7. Augmentation of strength or violence. 8. Augmenta- 
tion of degree. 

IN-eREASED, {m-kteesti)pp. Augmented ; made or grown 
larger. 

IN-€ReASE'FUL, a. Abundant of produce. SJiak. 

IN-€Re AS'ERJ n. He or that which increases. 

JN-€ReAS'ING, ppr. Growing; becoming larger ; advanc- 
ing in any quality, good or bad. 

ENJil:t?Sb, h- Uncreated, which see 

IN €RED-I-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. incredibilite.] The quality 
of surpassing belief, or of being too extraordinary to ad- 
mit of belief. 

IN-€RED'I-BLE, a. [L. incredibilis.] That cannot be 
believed ; not to be credited 3 too extraordinary and im- 
probable to admit of belief. 

IN-eRED'I-BLE-NESS, n. Incredibility, which see. 



IN-€RED'I-BLY, adv. In a manner to preclude belief 
IN-€RE-DU'LI-TY, n. [Fr. incredulite.] The quality of nof 

believing ; indisposition to believe : a withholding or » 

fusal of belief 
IN-€RED'U-LOUS, a. [L. > acredulus.] Not believing , 

indisposed to admit the truth of what is related ; refusinif 

or withholding belief. 
IN-€RED'U-LOUS-NESS, n. Incredulity, which see. 
t IN-eREM'A-BLE, a. That cannot be burnt. 
IN'€RE-MENT, n. [L. incrementum.] 1. Increase ; a grow 

ing in bulk, quantity, number, value or amount ; augmeu 

tation. 2. Produce ; production. 3. Matter added ; ii; 

crease. — 4. In mathematics, the quantity by which a 

variable quantity increases ; a differential quantity. 
t IN'CRE-PATE, V. t. [L. increpo.] To chide ; to rebuke 
IN-€RE-Pa'TION, n. [It. mcrepazione.] A chiding or r» 

buking ; rebuke ; reprehension. Hammond. 
IN-€RES'CENT, a. [L. increscens.} Increasing ; growing; 

augmenting ; swellmg. 
IN-€RIM'I-NATE, v. t. [L. in and criminor.] To accuse ; 

to charge with a crime or fault, 
t IN-€RU-ENT'AL, a. [L. incruerUus.] Unbloody; not 

attended with blood. 
IN-eRUST', V. t. [L. incrusto.'] To cover with a crust or 

with a hard coat ; to form a crust on the surface of any 

IN-€RUST*ATE, v. t. To incrust. 

IN-CRUST-A'TION, n. [L. incrustatio.] 1. A crust or 
rough coat of any thing on the surface of a body. 2. A 
covering or lining of marble or other stone. 

IN-CRYS TAL-IZ-A-BLE, a. That will not crystalize ; tha» 
cannot be formed into crystals. 

IN'€U-BATE, V. i. [L. incubo.] To sit, as on eggs for 
hatching, 

IN-€U-Ba'TION, n. [L. incubatio.] The act of sitting oi» 
eggs for the purpose of hatching young. Ray. 

tIN-€u'BA-TURE, 71. Incubation. 

IN'€U-BUS, 71. [L.] 1. The nightmare; an oppression of the 
breast in sleep, or sense of weight, with an almost totaV 
loss of the power of moving the body, while the imagina 
tion is frightened or astonished. 2. A demon ; an im 
aginary being or fairy. 

IN-€UL€'ATE, v. t. [L. inculco.] To impress by frequent! 
admonitions ; to teach and enforce by frequent repetitions ; 
to urge on the mind. 

IN-€UL€'A-TED, pp. Impressed or enforced by frequent 
admonitions, 

IN-€UL€'A-TING,pfr. Impressing or enforcing byrepeaN 
ed instruction. 

IN-€UL€-A'TION, n. The action of impressing by repeateo 
admonitions. 

IN-€ULP'A-BLE, a. Without fault ; unblamable ; that can 
not be accused. South. 

IN-eULP'A-BLE-NESS, n. Unblamableness. Mountagu. 

IN-€ULP'A-BLY, adv. Unblamably ; without blame. 

IN-€ULT', a. [L. incultu^.] Untilled ; uncultivated. 

IN-eUL'TI-VA-TED, a. Not cultivated ; uncultivat«d. 

IN-€UL-TI-Va'TION, n. Neglect or want of cultivation. 

IN-€ULT'URE, n. Want or neglect of cultivation. 

IN-€UM'BEN-CY, n. 1. A lying or resting on something. 
2. The state of holding or being in possession of a bene- 
fice, or of an office. 

IN-€UM'BENT, a. [L, incumbens.'^ 1. Lying or resting on 
2. Supported; buoyed up. 3 Leaning on, or resting 
against. 4. Lying on, as duty or obligation ; imposed 
and emphatically urging or pressing to performance ; in 
dispensable, 

IN-€UM'BENT, n. The person who is in present posses 
sion of a benefice, or of any office. 

IN-€UM'BER, V. t. [Fr. encombrer.} To burden with a 
load ; to embarrass. See Encumber, and its derivatives. 

IN-€UM'BRANCE, n. 1. A burdensome and troublesomw 
load ; any thing that impedes motion or action, or renders 
it difficult or laborious ; clog ; impediment ; embarrass- 
ment. 2. A legal claim on the estate of another. 

IN-€UM'BRAN-CER, n. One who has an incumbrance, Of 
some legal claim on an estate. Kent. 

flN-eUM'BROUS, a. Cumbersome ; troublesome. Chaucer 

IN-€UR' V. t. [L. incurro.'] 1. To become liable to ; to 
become subject to 2. To bring on. 3. To occur; to 
meet ; to press on ; [oJs.l 

IN-€U-RA-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. incur aUlite.'] The state of 
being incurable ; impossibility of cure ; itsusceptibility 
of cure or remedy. 

IN-€uR'A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be cured ; not admit- 
ting of cure ; beyond the power of skill or medicine. 2. 
Not admitting remedy or correction ; irremediable ; rem- 
ediless. 

IN-€uR'A-BLE, n. A person diseased beyond the reach of 
cure. 

IN-€uR'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of not admitting cure 
or remedy. 

IN-€UR'A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree that renders 
cure impracticable. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE j— BJJLL, UNITE C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tAis. t Obsolete 



IND 



444 



INI> 



IN-€U-RI-OS'I-TY, «. Want of curiosity j inattentiveness ; 
indifference. Wotton. 

IN-CU'RI-OUS, a. Destitute of curiosity j not curious or 
inquisitive^ inattentive. Swift. 

IN-CC'RI-OUS-LY, adv. Without incHrisitiveness. Bp. 
Hall. 

IN-€0'RI-OUS-NESS, to. Want of curiosity or inquisitive- 
neas. Chesterfield. 

IN-€UR'RED, (iu-kurrd') pp. Brought on. 

IN-eUR'RING, ppr. Becoming subject or liable to ; bring- 
ing on. 

lN-€UR'SION, 71. [Fr. incursion; L. incursio.] 1. An 
entering into a territory vi^ith hostile intention ; an inroad ; 
applied to the expeditions of small parties or detachments 
of an enemy's army, entering a territory for attack, plun- 
der or destruction of a post or magazine. Hence it 
differs from invasion, which is the hostile entrance of an 
army for conquest. 2. Attack ; occurrence ; unusual. 
South 

IN-€ URV ATE, r. «. [L. incurvo.] To bend ; to crook ; to 
turn from a right line or straight course. 

IN-eURV'ATE, a. Cui^ed inwards or upwards. 

IN-€URV'A-TED,Ki. Bent; turned from a rectilinear di- 
rection. 

IN-€URV'A-TING, ppr. Bending ; turning from a right 
line. 

IN-eURV-A'TION, TO. 1. The act of bending. 2. The 
state of being bent, or turned from a rectilinear course ; 
curvily ; crookedness. 3. The act of bowing, or bend- 
ing the body in respect or reverence. 

IN-€UR VE', (in-kurv') v. t. To bend ; to make crooked. 

IN-€UiiV'I-TY, TO. A state of being bent or crooked ; crook- 
edness ; a bending inward. Brown. 

t IN'DA-GATE, v. t. [L. indago.] To seek or searcli out. 

IN-DA-Ga'TION, TO. The act of searching; search; in- 
quiry ; examination. [Little used.] Boyle. 

IN'DA-GA-TOR, to. A searcher ; one who seeks or inquires 
with diligence. [Little used.] Beyle. 

IN'DaRT, v. t. To dart in ; to thrust or strike in 

IN-DEBT', a verb, is never used. 

IN-DEBT'ED, (in-det'ted) a. [It. hidebitato.'} 1. Being in 
debt ; having incurred a debt ; held or obliged to pay. 2. 
Obliged by something received, for which restitution or 
gratitude is due. 

IN-DEBT'ED-NESS, (m-det'ted-nes) n. The state of being 
indebted. 

IN-DEBT'MENT, (in-det'ment) to. The state of being in- 
debted. [Little VAied.] Hall. 

IN-De'CEN-CY, to. [Fr. indecence.] That which is un- 
becoming in language or manners ; any action or beha- 
vior which is deemed a violation of modesty, or an of- 
fense to delicacy. 

IN-DE'CENT, a. [Fr. ; L. indecens.] Unbecoming ; unfit 
to be seen or heard ; offensive to modesty and delicacy. 

£N-Dk'CENT-LY, adv. In a manner to offend modesty or 
delicacy. 

IN-DE-CID'U-OUS, a. Not falling, as the leaves of trees in 
autumn ; lasting ; evergreen. 

IN-DEC'I-MA-BLE, a. Not liable to the payment of tithes. 

IN-DE-CIS'ION, to. Want of decision ; want of settled pur- 
pose, or of firmness in the determinations of the will ; a 
wavering of "mind ; irresolution. 

IN-DE-Ci SIVE, a. 1. Not decisive ; not bringing to a final 
close or ultimate issue. 2. Unsettled ; wavering ; vacil- 
lating ; hesitating. 

IN-DE-Cl'SIVE-LY, adv. Without decision. 

IN-DE-CT'SIVE-NESS, to. The state of being undecided ; 
unsettled state ; state of not being brought to a final issue. 

IN-DE-eLlN'A-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. indeclinabUis.] Not de- 
clinable ; not varied by terminations. 

IN-DE-€LiN'A-BLY, adv. Without variation. Mountacru. 

IN-DE-€OM-Po'SA-BLE, a. Not capable of decomposition, 
or of being resolved into the primary constituent elements. 

IN-DE-€OM-Po'SA-BLE-NESS, to. Incapableness of de- 
composition. 

* IN-DEC'O-ROUS, or IN-DE-€o'ROUS, a. [L. indecorus.] 
Unbecoming ; violating good manners ; contrary to the 
established rules of good breeding, or to tlie forms of re- 
spect which age and station require. — Indecorous is some- 
times equivalent to indecent ; but it is less frequently appli- 
ed to actions which offend modesty and chastity. 

* IN-DE€ O-ROUS-LY, or IN-DE-€o'ROUS-LY, adv. In 
an unbecoming manner. 

* IN-DE€'0-ROUS-NESS, or IN-DE-€o'ROUS-NESS, to. 
Violation of good manners in words or behavior. 

IN-DE-€o'RUM, TO. [L.] Impropriety of behavior ; that 
in behavior or mamiers which violates the established 
rules of civility, or the duties of respect which age or 
station requires ; an unbecoming action. It is sometimes 
synonymous with indecency ; but indecency, more frequent- 
ly than indecorum, is applied to words or actions which 
refer to what nature and propriety require to be concealed 
or suppressed. 

IN-DEJED', adv. [in and deed.] In reality ; in truth ; in fact. 



Indeed is irstiaHy emphatical, but in some cases more g© 
than in others ; as, this is true ; it is indeed. It is used 
as an expression of surprise, or for the purpose of obtain- 
ing confirmation of a fact stated ; as, indeed ! is it possible ? 

IN-DE-FAT'I-GA-BLE, a. [L. indefatigabilis.] Unweari- 
ed ; not tired ; not exhausted by labor ; not yielding to 
fatigue. 

IN-DE-FAT'I-GA-BLE-NESS, n. Unweariedness ; persist- 
ency. Parnell. 

IN-DE-FAT-I-GA-BILfl-TY, TO. Unweariness. Life of Bp 
.Andrews. 

IN-DE-FAT'I-GA-BLY, adv. Without wearmess ; without 
yielding to fatigue. Dryden. 

t IN-DE-FAT-I-GAfTION, to. Unweariedness. 

IN-DE-FeAS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or state of being 
not subject to be made void. 

IN-DE-FeAS'I-BLE, a. Not to be defeated ; that cannot 
be made void. 

IN-DE-FeAS'I-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be defeated 
or made void. 

IN-DE-FEeT-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quaUty of being subject 
to BO defect or decay. 

IN-DE-FEeT'I-BLE, a. Unfailing ; not Uable to defect, 
failure or decay. 

1N-DE-FE€T'IVE, a. Not defective ; perfect ; complete. 

t IN-DE-FEIS'I-BLE, a. IndefeasiWe. 

IN-DE-FENS-I-BIL'I-TY, to. The quality or state of not be- 
ing capable of defense or vindication. Walsh. 

IN-DE-FENS'I-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be defended or 
maintained. 2. Not to be vindicated or justified. 

IN-DE-FENS'IVE^ a. Having no defense, Herbert. 

IN-DE-Fi'CIEN-Cr, to. The quality of not being deficient, 
or of suffering no delay. 

IN-DE-Fi"CIENT, a. Not deficient; not failing; perfect. 

IN-DE-FiN'A-BLE, a. That cannot be defined. 

IN-DEF'I-NITE, a. [L. indefinitus.] 1. Not lunited or de- 
fined ; not determinate ; not precise or certain, 2. That 
has no certain limits, or to which the human mind can 
afiix none. 

IN-DEF'I-NiTE-LY, adv. 1. Without any settled limita- 
tion. 2. Not precisely ; not with certainty or precision. 

IN-DEF'I-NlTE-NESS, to. The quality of being undefined, 
unlimited, or not precise and certain. 

t IN-DE-FINfl-TUDE, to. Quantity not limited by our 
understanding, though yet finite. Hale. 

IN-DE-LIB'ER-ATE, a. Done or performed without delib 
oration or consideration ; sudden ; unpremeditated. 

t IN-DE-LIB'ER-A-TED. The same as indeliberate. 

IN-DE-LIB'ER-ATE-LY, adv. Without deliberation or pre 
meditation. 

IN-DEL-I-BIL'I-TY, to. The quality of being indelible. 

IN-DEL'I-BLE, a. [Fr. indelebile.] 1. Not to be blotted out j 
that cannot be effaced or canceled. 2. Not to be annull- 
ed. 3. That cannot be effaced or lost. 

IN-DEL'I-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be Wotted out or 
effaced ; too deeply imprinted to be effaced. 

IN-DEL'I-€A-CY, to. 1. Want of delicacy ; want of decen- 
cy in language or behavior. 2. Want of a nice sense of 
propriety, or nice regard to refinement in manners or in 
the treatment of others ; rudeness ; coarseness of manners 
or language. 

IN-DEL'I-€ATE, a. 1. Wanting delicacy; indecent. 2. 
Offensive to good manners, or to purity of mind. 

IN-DEL'I-GATE-LY, adv. Indecently ; in a manner to of- 
fend against good manners or purity of mind. 

IN-DEM-NI-FI-OAfTION, to. 1. The act of indemnifying, 
saving harmless, or securing against loss, damage or pen- 
alty. 2. Security against loss. 3. Reimbursement of loss, 
damage or penalty. 

IN-DEM'NI-FiED, pp. Saved harmless; secured against 
damage. 

IN-DEM NI-FY, v. t. 1. To save harmless; to secure 
against loss, damage or penalty. 2. To make good ; to re- 
imburse to one what he has lost. 

IN-DEM'NI-Fy-ING, ppr. Saving harmless; securing 
against loss ; reimbursing loss. 

IN-DEM'NI-TY, to. [Fr. indemnite.] 1. Security given to 
save harmless ; a writing or pledge by which a person is 
secured against future loss. 2. Security against punish- 
ment. 

IN-DE-MON'STRA-BLE, a. That cannot be demonstrated. 

IN-DEN-I-Za'TION, to. The act of naturalizing, or the pa 
tent by which a person is made free. 

IN-DEN'IZE, V. t. To endenize, which see. 

IN-DEN'I-ZEN, v. t. To invest with the privileges of a 
free citizen. Over-bury. 

IN-DENT', v. t. [in, and Fr. dent.] 1. To notch ; to jag ; to 
cut any margin into points or inequalities, like a row of 
teeth. 2. To bind out by indentures or contract. 

IN-DENT', v. i. To contract ; to bargainor covenant. 

IN-DENTf, TO. 1. Incisure ; a cut or notch in the margin of 
any thing, or a recess like a notch. 2. A stamp. 

IN'DENT, TO. A certificate, or indented certificate, issued by 
the government of the United States, at the close of the 



* See Sjtnopsis. R, E. I, 5, C, Y, Zoto^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. 



IND 



445 



IND 



revolution, for the principal or interest of the public debt. 

Hamilton. 

IN-DENT-A'TION, or IN-DENT'MENT, n. 1. A notcli j 
a cut in the margin of paper or other things. 2. A recess 
or depression in any border. 

IN-DENT'ED, pp. 1. Cut in the edge into points, like teeth. 
2. Bound out by indented writings. 3. Bound out by 
writings, or covenants in writing. 

IN-DENT'ING, ppr. 1. Cutting into notches. 2. Binding 
out by covenants in writing. 

IN-DENT'MENT, n. Indenture. 

IN-DENT' URE, n. A writing containing a contract. 

IN-DENT'URE, v. t. To indent ; to bind by indentures. 

IN-DEJMTURE, v.i. To run in and out j to indent. Hey- 
wood. 

fN-DE-PEND'ENCE, n. 1. A state of being not dependent ; 
complete exemption from control, or the power of others. 
2. A state in which a person does not rely on othei-s for 
subsistence ; ability to support one's self. 3. A state of 
mind in which a person acts without bias or influence 
from others ; exemption from undue influence ; self-di- 
rection. 

IN-DE-PEND'ENT, a. 1. Not dependent ; not subject to 
the control of others ; not subordinate. 2. Not holding or 
enjoying possessions at the will of another ; not relying 
on others; not dependent. 3. Afibrding the means of 
independence. 4. Not subject to bias or influence ; not 
obsequious ; self-directing. 5. Not connected with. 6. 
Free ; easy ; self-comm£inding ; bold ; unconstrained. 7. 
Separate from ; exclusive. 8. Pertaining to an independ- 
ent or congregationaJ church. 

IN-DE-PEND'ENT, n. One who, in religious affairs, main- 
tains that every congregation of Christians is a complete 
church, subject to no superior authority. 

IN-DE-PEND'ENT-LY, adv. 1. WitJiout depending or re- 
lying on others ; without control. 2. Without undue bias 
or influence ; not obsequiously. 3. Without connection 
with other things. 

IN-DEP'RE-€A-BLE, a. That cannot be deprecated. 

IN-DEP-RE-HENS'I-BLE, a. That cannot be found out. 

IN-DE-PRlV'A-BLE, a. That cannot be deprived. 

IN-DE-S€RlB'A-BLE, a. That cannot be described. 

IN-DE-S€RIP'TIVE, a. Not descriptive or containing just 
description. 

IN-DE-SERT', K. Want ofmerit or worth. 

IN-DES'I-NENT, a. Not ceasing ; perpetual. 

IN-DES'I-NENT-LY, adv. Without cessation. Ray. 

IN-DE-STRUeT-r-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of resisting de- 
composition, or of being incapable of destruction. 

IN-DE-STRUCTI-BLE, a. That cannot be destroyed; 
incapable of deeompositioB ; as a material substance. 

fN-DE-TERM'I-NA-BLE, a. 1. Thai, cannot be determined, 
ascertained or fixed. 2. Not to be determined or ended. 

IN-DE-TERM'I-NATE, a. 1. Not determinate ; not settled 
or fixed ; not definite ; uncertain. 2. Not certain ; not 
precise. 

IN-DE-TERM'I-NATE-LY, adv. 1. Not in any settled 
manner; indefinitely; not with precise limits. 2. Not 
with certainty or precision of signification. 

5N-DE-TERM'I-NATE-NESS, 71. Indefiniteness ; want of 
certain limits ; want of precision. Paley. 

IN-DE-TER5I-I-NA'T10N, n. 1. Want of determination ; 
an unsettled or wavering state. 2. Want of fixed or stated 
direction. 

IN-DE-TERM'INED, a. Undetermined; unsettled; un- 
fixed. 

fN-DE-VoTE', a. Not devoted. Bentley. 

IN-DE-VOT'ED, a. Not devoted. Clarendon. 

IN-DE-Vo'TION, n. [Fr.; in and devotion.'] Want of devo- 
tion ; absence of devout affections. 

IN-DE-VOUT', a. [Fr. indevot.'] Not devout ; not having 
devout affections. Decay of Piety. 

IN-DE-VOUT'LY, adv. Without devotion. 

'N'DEX, 71. ; pilw. Indexes, sometimes Indices. [L.J I. 
That which points out ; that which shows or manifests. 
2. The hand that points to any thing, as the hour of the 
day, the road to a place, &c. 3. A table of the contents 
of a book. Watts. A table of references in an alphabet- 
ical order. — 4. In anatomy, the fore finger, or pomting fin- 
ger. — 5. In arithmetic and algebra, that which shows to 
what power any quantity is involved ; the exponent.— 6. 
The index of a globe, or the gnomon, is a little style fitted 
on the north pole, which, by turning with the glc*e, serves 
to point to certain divisions of the hour circle. — 7. In music, 
a direct, which see. — Index expurgatory, in catholic coun- 
tries, a catalogue of prohibited books. 
IN-DEX'I-€AL, a. Having the form of an index ; pertaining 

to an index. 
IN-DEX'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of an index. 
IN-DEX-TER'I-TY, n. 1. Want of dexterity or readiness 
in the use of fSie hands ; clumsiness ; awkwardness. 2. 
Want of skill or readiness in any art or occupation. 
IN DIA, 71. A country in Asia, so named from the river 
Indus. 



IN'DIAN, (ind'yan) a. Pertaining to either of the lodiea 
East or West. 

IN'DIAN, (ind'yan) n. A general name rfany native of the 
Indies ; a native of tJie American continent. 

INDIAN .drrow Root, n. A plant of the genus maranta, 

IN'DIAN Berry, n. A plant. 

IN'DIAN Bread, n. A plant of the genus jatropha. 

IN'DIAN Corn, n. A plant, the maize, of tlie genus lea ; 
a native of America. 

IN'DI.AN Cress, n. A plant of the genus tropmolum. 

IN'DIAN Fig, n. A plant of the genus cactus. 

IN'DIAN Ink, n. A substance brought from China, used 
for water-colors, 

IN'DIAN-ITE, 71. A mineral of the color of white or gray. 

IN'DIAN Reed, n. A plant of the genus canna 

IN'DIAN Red, n. A species of ochre. HUl. 

IN'DIA Rubber, n. The caoutchouc, a substance of extraor- 
dinary elasticity, called also clastic gum or resin. 

IN'DI-€ANT, a. [L. indicans.] Showing; pomting out 
what is to be don^ for the cure of disease. 

IN'DI-€AT£, V. t. [L. indico.] 1. To show ; to point out ; 
to discover; to direct the mind to a knowledge of some- 
thing. 2. To tell ; to disclose — 3. In medicine, to show or 
manifest by symptoms ; to point to as the proper remedies. 

INDI-€A-T£D,p^. Shown; pointed out; directed. 

IN'DI-€A-TING, ppr. Showing ; pointing out ; directing. 

IN-DI-€a'TION, 71. 1. The act of pointing out. 2. Mark ; 
token ; sign ; symptom. — 3. In medicine, any symptom or 
)ccurrence in a disease, which serves to direct to suita- 
ble remedies. 4. Discovery made; intelligence given 

5. Explanation ; display ; [little used.'] 
IN-DI€'A-TlVE, a. [la.indicativus.] I. Showing; giving 

intimation or knowledge of somethmg not visible or obvi- 
ous. — 2. In grammar, the indicative mode is the form of 
tbe verb that indicates, that is, which afiirms or denies. 

IN-DICA-TiVE-LY , adv. In a manner to show or signify 

IN'DI-€A-TOR, 71. he or that which shows or points out. 

IN'DI-€A-TO-RY, a. Showing ; serving to show or make 
known. 

IN'DICE. See Index. 

IN'DI-€0-LITE, n. [indigo, or indico, and Gr. Xtfloj.] In 
mineralogy, a variety of shorl or tourmalin. 

IN-DiCT', (in-dite*) v. t. [L. ind'iclus.] In laic, to accuse 
or cliarge with a crime or misdemeanor, in writing, by a 
grand jurv under oath. 

IN-DICT'A-BLE, (in-dit'a-bl) a. 1. That may be indicted. 
2. Subject to be presented by a grand jury ; subject to in- 
dictment. 

IN-DlCT'ED, (in-dit'ed) pp. Accused by a grand jury. 

IN-DiCT'ER, (in,-dit'er), n. One who indicts. 

IN-DlCT'ING, (in-dlt'ing) ypr. Accusing, or making a 
formal or written charge of a crime by a grand jury. 

IN-Die TION, 71. [Fr.; Low I^.indwtio.] 1. Declaration; 
proclamation. Bacon. — 2. In chronology, a cycle of fifteen 
years, instituted by Constantine the Great ; it was begun 
Jan. 1, A. D. 313 ; originally, a period of taxation. 

IN-DIOTIVE, a. Proclaimed ; declared. Kennet. 

IN-DiCT'MENT, (in-dite'ment) n. 1. A written accusation 
or formal charge of a crime or misdemeanor, preferred by 
a grand jury under oath to a court. 2. The paper or 
parchment containing the accusation of a grand jury 

IN'DIES, n. ; plu. of India. 

IN-DIFFER-ENCE, 71. [Fr. ; L. indifferentia.] 1. Equipoise 
or neutrality of mind between different persons or things ; 
a state in which the mind is not inclined to one side more 
than the other. 2. Impartiality ; freedom from prejudice, 
prepossession or bias. 3. Unconcern edness ; a state of 
the mind when it feels no anxiety or interest in what is 
presented to it. 4. State in which there is no difference, 
or in which no moral or physical reason preponderates. 

IN-DIFFER-ENT, a. [Fr. ; L. indifferens.] 1. Neutral ; 
not inclined to one side, party or thing more than to an- 
other. 2. Unconcerned ; feeling no interest, anxiety or 
care respecting any thing. 3. Having no influence or pre- 
ponderating weight; having no difference that gives a 
preference. 4. Neutral, as to good or evil. 5. Impartial j 
disinterested ; as an indifferent judge, juror or arbitrator 

6. Passable ; of a middling state or quality ; neither good, 
nor the worst. 

IN-DIF'FER-ENT-LY, adv. 1. Without distinction or pre 
ference. 2. Equally ; impartially ; without favor, preju 
dice or bias. 3. In a neutral state ; without concern 
without wish or aversion. 4. Not well ; tolerably ; pass- 
ably. 

IN'DI-GENCE, 1 71. [Fr. indigence.] Want of estate, 01 

IN'DI-6EN-CY, \ means of comfortable subsistence ; pen- 
ury ; poverty. 

IN'I)I-6ENE, 71. [L. indigena.] One bom in a country ; a 
native animal or plant. Evelyn. 

IN-DI6'E-N0US, a. 1. Native ; born in a country. 2. Na- 
tive ; produced naturally in a country ; hot exotic. 

IN'DI-GENT, a. [L. indigens ; Fr. indigent.] Destitute of 
property or means of subsistence ; needy ; poor. 

t IN-DI-6EST', n. A crude mass. Shak. 



* Set S:jnopsi9. MOVE, BOQK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.-€ as K ; 6 ag J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



IND 



446 



IND 



IN-HI-6EST'ED, a. [L. itidigestus.] 1. Not digested ; not 
concocted in the stomach ; not cnanged or prepared for 
nourishing the body ; undigested ; crude. 2. Not sepa- 
rated into distinct classes or orders, or into proper form ; 
not regularly disposed and arranged. 3. Not methodized ; 
not reduced to due form ; crude. 4. Not prepared by 
heat. 5. Not brought to suppuration, as the contents of 
an abscess or boil. 

IN-DI-6EST'I-BLE, a 1. Not digestible ; not easily con- 
verted into chyme, or prepared in the stomach for nour- 
ishing the body. 2. Not to be received or patiently en- 
dured. 

IN-DI-GES'TION, n. Want of due coction in the stomach ; 
a failure of that change in food which prepares it for nu- 
triment ; crudity. — As a disease, dyspepsy. 

IN-DIG'I-TATE, v. t. To point out with the finger. 

IN-D1G-I-Ta'TION, 71. The act of pointing out with the 
finger. 

tIN-DiGN', (in-dine') a. [L. indignus.} Unworthy; dis- 
graceful. Chaucer. 

i IN-DIG'NANCE, n. Indignation. Spenser. 

JN-DIG'NANT, a. [L. indignans.] Aflected at once with 
anger and disdain ; feeling the mingled emotions of wrath 
and scorn or contempt. 

IN-DIG'NANT-LY, adv. With indignation. 

jiN-DIG-Na'TION, n. [Fi. ; L. indignatio.] 1. Anger or ex- 
treme anger, mingled with contempt, disgust or abhor- 
rence. 2. The anger of a superior ; extreme anger. 3. 
The efiects of anger j the dreadful efiects of God's wrath ; 
terrible judgments. 4. Holy displeasure at one's self for sin. 

t IN-DIG'Nl-F-?, V. t. To treat disdainfully. Spenser. 

iN-DIG'NI-TY, n. [L. indignitas.] Unmerited, contemptu- 
ous conduct towards another ; any action towards an- 
other which manifests contempt for him ; contumely ; in- 
civility or injury, accompanied with insult. 

^ IN-DlGN'LY, (in-dine ly) adv. Unworthily. Hall. 
N'DI-GO, 71. [L. indicum, from India ,• Fr., It., Sp. indigo.] 
A substance or dye, prepared from the leaves and stalks 
of the indigo plant. 

.* N-DI-GOM'E-TER, n. An instrument for ascertaining the 
strength of indigo. Ure. 

?N'DI-GO-PLANT, n. A plant of the genns indigofera, from 
which is prepared indigo. 

aN-DIL'A-TO-RY, a. Not dilatory or slow. Comwallis. 

IN-DIL'I-GENCE, n. Want of diligence ; slothfulness. 

' N-DIL'l GENT, a. Not diligent ; idle ; slothful. 

(N-DIL'I-GENT-LY, adv. Without diligence. Bp. Hall. 

'N-DI-MIN'ISH-A-BLE, a. That cannot be diminished. 

tN-DI-REGT', a. [L. indirectus.\ I. Not straight or reotili- 
near ; deviating from a direct line or course ; circuitous. 
2. Not direct, in a moral sense ; not tending to a purpose 
by the shortest or plainest course, or by the obvious, ordi- 
nary means, but obliquely or consequentially. 3. Wrong ; 
improper. 4. Not fair ; not honest ; tending to mislead or 
deceive.'-S. Indirect tax is a tax or duty on articles of 
consumption, as an excise, customs, &c. 
Cf-DI-IlE€'TION, 71. 1. Oblique course or means. Shak. 
2. Dishonest practice ; [obs.] Sliak. 

tN-DI-RE€T'LY, adv. 1. Not in a straight line or cotirse ; 
obliquely. 2. Not by direct means. 3. Not in express 
terms. 4. Unfairly. 

IN-DI-RE€T'NESS, n. 1. Obliquity ; devious course. 2. 
Unfairness ; dishonesty. Mountagu. 

■^N-DIS-CERN'I-BLE, (in-diz-zern'e-bl) a. That cannot be 
discerned ; not visible or perceptible ; not discoverable. 

IN-DIS-CERN'I-BLE-NESS, (in-diz-zern'e-bl-nes) n. In- 
capability of being discerned. Hammond. 

IN-DIS-CERN'I-BLY, (in-diz-zern'e-ble) adv. In a manner 
not to be seen or perceived. 

t IN-DIS^CERP'I-BLE, a. Indiscerptible. More. 

IN-DIS-CERP'I-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of 
being indiscerpible. 

IN-DIS-CERP-TI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being inca- 
pable of dissolution, or separation of parts. 

IN-DIS-CEPvP'TI-BLE, a. Incapable of being destroyed by 
dissolution, or separation of parts. 

IN-DTS'CI-PLIN-A-BLE, a. That cannot be disciplined or 
subjected to discipline ; not capable of being improved by 
discipline 

IN-DIS-€6V'ER-A-BLE, a. That cannot be discovered j 
undiscoverable. 

IN-DIS-€oV'E-RY, v. Want of discovery. 

|N-DIS-€REET', a. 1. Not discreet ; wanting in discretion ; 
imprudent ; inconsiderate ; injudicious. 2. Not accord- 
ing to discretion or sound judgment. 

IN-DIS-€REET'LY, adv. Not discreetly ; without pru- 
dence ; inconsiderately; without judgment. 

IN-DIS-€ReTE', a. Not discrete or separated. 

lN-DIS-€RE"TION, ti. [in and discretion.] Want of discre- 
tion ; imprudence. 

IN-UIS-€RIM'I-NATE, a. [L. indiscriminatus.] 1. Undis- 
tinguishing ; not making any distinction. 2. Not having 
discrimination '; confused. 3. Undistinguished or undis- 
tinguishable. 



IN-DIS-€RIM'I-NATE-LY, adv. Without distinction ; in 

confusion. 

IN-DIS-€RIM'I-NA-TING, ppr. or a. Not making any dis- 
tinction. 

IN-DIS-€RIM-I-Na'TION, n. Want of discrimination or 

distinction. 

IN-DIS-€USS'ED, a. Not discussed. Donne. 

IN-DIS-PENS-A-BIL'I-TY, n. Indispensableness. 

IN-DIS-PENS'A-BLE, a. Not to be dispensed with ; that 
cannot be omitted, remitted or spared; absolutely neces- 
sary or requisite. 

IN-DIS-PENS'A-BLE-NESS, 71. The state or quality of be- 
ing absolutely necessary. 

IN-DIS-PENS'A-BLY, adv. Necessarily ; in a manner or 
degree that forbids dispensation, omission or want. 

IN-DIS-PERS'ED, (in-dis-perst') a. Not dispersed. 

IN-DIS-PoSE', V. t. [Fr. indisposer.] 1. To disincline ; to 
alienate the mind and render it averse or unfavorable 
to any thing. 2. To render unfit ; to disqualify for its 
proper functions ; to disorder. 3. To disorder slightly, as 
the healthy functions of the body. 4. To make unfavor- 
able or disinclined. 

IN-DIS-POS'ED, (in-dis-pozd') pp. or a. 1. Disinclined; 
averse ; unwilling ; unfavorable. 2. Disordered ; dis- 
qualified for its functions ; unfit. 3. Slightly disordered ; 
not in perfect health. 

IN-DIS POS'ED-NESS, n. 1. Disinclination; slight aver- 
sion ; unwillingness ; unfavorableness. 2. Unfitness ; 
disordered state. 

IN-DIS-PoS'ING, ppr. 1. Disinclining; rendering some- 
what averse, unwilling or unfavorable. 2. Disordering ; 
rendering unfit. 

IN-DIS-PO-Sl"TION, 71. 1. Disinclination ; aversion ; un- 
willingness ; dislike. 2. Slight disorder of the healthy 
functions of the body ; tendency to disease. 3. Want of 
tendency or natural appetency or affinity. 

* IN-DIS'PU-TA-BLE, a. Not to be disputed ; incontro- 
vertible ; incontestible ; too evident to admit of dis- 
pute. 

* IN-DIS'PU-TA-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of 
being indisputable, or too clear to admit of controversy. 

*IN-DIS'PU-TA-BLY, adv. Without dispute; in a manner 
or degree not admitting of controversy ; unquestionably ; 
withoutopposition. 

IN-DIS-PuT'ED, a. Not disputed or controverted ; undis- 
puted. Encyc. 

IN-DIS-SO-LU-BIL'I-TY, 71. [Fr. indissolubilite.] 1. The 
quality of being indissoluble, or not capable of being dis- 
solved, melted or liquefied. 2. The quality of being in- 
capable of a breach ; perpetuity of union ; obligation or 
binding force. 

IN-DIS'SO-LU-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. indissoluUlis .] 1. Not ca- 
pable of being dissolved, melted or liquefied, as by heat or 
water. 2. That cannot be broken or rightfully violated ; 
perpetually binding or obligatory 3. Not to be broken ; 
firm ; stable. 

IN-DIS'SO-LU-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being inca- 
pable of dissolution or breach ; indissolubility. 

IN-DIS'SO-LU-BLY, ado. In a manner resisting separa- 
tion ; in a manner not to be dissolved or broken. 

IN-DIS-SOLV'A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be dissolved ; not 
capable of being melted or liquefied. 2. Indissoluble; 
that cannot be broken ; perpetually firm and binding. 3. 
Not capable of separation into parts by natural process. 

t IN-DIS'TAN-CY, n. Want of distance or separation. 

IN-DIS-TIN€T', a. [Fr. ; L. indistinctus.] 1. Not distinct 
or distinguishable ; not separate in such a manner as to 
be perceptible by itself. 2. Obscure ; not clear ; confused. 
3. Imperfect; faint; not presenting clear and well-de- 
fined images. 4. Not exactly discerning ; [unusual.] 
Shak. 

IN-DIS-TIN€T'I-BLE, a. Undistinguishable. [Little used.] 
Warton. 

IN-DIS-TIN€'TION, v. 1. Want of distinction ; confu- 
sion ; uncertainty. 2. Indiscrimination ; want of dis- 
tinction. 3. Equality of condition or rank. 

IN-DIS-TIN€T'LY, adv. 1. Without distinction or separa- 
tion. 2. Confusedly ; not clearly ; obscurely. 3. Not 
definitely ; not with precise limits. 

IN-DIS-TIN€T'NESS, n. 1. Want of distinction or dis- 
crimination ; confusion ; uncertainty. 2. Obscurity ; 
faintness. 

IN-DIS-TIN'GUISH-A-BLE, a. That cannot be distin- 
guished or separated ; undistinguishable. 

IN-DIS-TIN'GUISH-ING, a. Making no difierence. 

IN-DIS-TURB'ANCE, n. Freedom from disturbance ; calm- 
ness ; repose ; tranquillity. Temple. 

IN-DITCH', V. t. To bury in a ditch. [L. u.] Bp. Hall. 

IN-DlTE', V. t. [L. indico, indictum.] 1. To compose ; to 
write ; to commit to words in writing. 2. To direct or 
dictate what is to be uttered or written. 

IN-DITE', V. i. To compose an account of. Waller. 

TN-DiT'ED, pp. Composed ; written ; dictated. 

IN-DlTE'MENT, n. The act of inditing. 



* Set Synopsis A. E, I, O, U. Y, long —FKK, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— nN, MARINE, BIRD;— ^ Obsolete. 



IND 



447 



IND 



IN-DIT'ING, ppr. Committing to words in writing j dicta- 
ting what shall be written. 

IN-DI-ViD'A-BLE, a. Not capable of division. 

IN-DI-VlD'ED, a. Undivided. Patrick.* 

IN-DI-VID'U-AL, a. [Fr. individuel.'] 1. Not divided, or 
not to be divided ; single ; one. 2. Pertaining to one 
only. 

IN-DI-VID'U-AL, m. 1. A single person or human being. 
2. A single sinimal or thing of any kind. 

IN-DI-VID-U-AL'I-TY, n. Separate or distinct existence j 
a state of oneness. Arbuthnot. 

IN-DI-VID'U-AL-IZE, v. t. To distinguish j to select or 
mark as an individual. Drake. 

IN-DI-VID'U-AL-iZED, pp. Distinguished as a particular 
person or thing. Drake. 

IN-DI-VID'U-AL-IZ-ING, ppr. Distinguishing as an indi- 
vidual. 

IN-DI-VID'U-AL-LY, a(Zu. 1. Separately; by itself ; to the 
exclusion of others. 2. With separate or distinct exist- 
ence. 3. Inseparably; incommunicably. 

IN-DI-VID'U-ATE, a. Undivided. 

IN-DI-VID'U-ATE, v. t. To make single ; to distinguish 
from others of the species. More. 

IN-DI-VID-U-A'TION, n. 1, The act of making single or 
the same, to the exclusion of others. 2. The act of sep- 
arating into individuals by analysis. 

t IN-DI-VI-Du'I-TY, n. Separate existence. 

IN-DI-VIN'I-TY, n. Want of divine power. Brown. 

IN-DI-VIS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The state of being indivisible. 

IN-DI-VIS'I-BLE, a. That cannot be divided, separated or 
broken ; not separable into parts. 

IN-DI-VIS'I-BLE, n. In geometry, indivisibles are the ele- 
ments or principles into which a body or figure may be 
resolved ; elements infinitely small. 

IN-DI-VIS'I-BLE-NESS, n. Indivisibility. 

JN-DI-VIS'I-BLY, adv. So as not to be capable of division. 

* IN-Do'CI-BLE, or IN-DOC'I-BLE, a. 1. Unteachable ; 
not capable of being taught, or not easily instructed ; dull 
in intellect. 2. Intractable, as a beast. 

* IN-Do'ClLE, or IN-DOC'lLE, a. [Fr. ; L. indocilis.] I. 
Not teachable ; not easily instructed ; dull. 2. Intract- 

IN-DO'-CIL'I-Ty! n. [Fr. indocilite.] 1. Unteachableness ; 
dullness of intellect. 2. Intractableness. 

IN-DOe'TRIN-ATE, v. t. [Fr. endoctriner.] To teach ; to 
instruct in rudiments or principles. 

U^-DO€'TRIN-A-TED,p^. Taught ; instructed in the prin- 
ciples of any science, 

IN-DO€TRIN-A-TING, ppr. Teaching; instructing in 
principles or rudiments. 

IN-DOe-TRIN-A'TION, n. Instruction in the rudiments 
and principles of any science; information. 

. N'DO-LENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. indolentia.] 1. Literally, free- 
dom from pain. Burnet. 2. Habitual idleness ; indispo- 
sition to labor ; laziness ; inaction or want of exertion of 
body or mind, proceeding from love of ease or aversion to 
toil. Indolence, like laziness, implies a constitutional or 
habitual love of ease ; idleness does not. 

IN'DO-LENT, a. [Fr.] I. Habitually idle or indisposed to 
labor ; lazy ; listless ; sluggish ; indulging in ease. 2. In- 
active; idle. 3. Free from pain. 

IN'DO-LENT-LY, adv. In habitual idleness and ease; 
without action, activity or exertion ; lazily. 

f IN-DOM'A-BLE, a. [L. indomabilis.] Untamable. Cock- 
er am. 

t IN-DOM'I-TA-BLE, a. Untamable. Herbert. 

t IN-DOM'ITE, a. [L. indomitus.] Untamed ; wild ; savage. 

iN-DOMPT'A-BLE, a. [Fr.] Not to be subdued. 

IN-DORS'A-BLE, a. That may be indorsed, assigned and 
made payable to order. 

IN-DORSE', (in-dors') v. t. [L. in and dorsum.'] 1. To write 
on the back of a paper or written instrument. 2. To as- 
sign by writing an order on the back of a note or bill ; to 
assign or transfer by indorsement. — To indorse in blank, 
to write a name only on a note or bill, leaving a blank to 
be filled by the indorsee. 

IN-DOR-SEE', n. The person to whom a note or bill is in- 
dorsed, or assigned by indorsement. 

IN-DORSE'MENT, (in-dors'ment) n. 1. The act of writing 
on the back of a note, bill, or other written instrument. 
2. That which is written on the back of a note, bill, or 
other paper. 

IN-DORS'ER, n. The person who indorses. 

t IN'DRAUGHT, (in'draft) n. An opening from the sea 
into the land ; an inlet. Raleigh. 

IN-DRENCH', V. t. To overwhelm with water; to drown ; 
to djench. Shak. 

IN-Du'BI-OUS, a. [L. indubius.] ] . Not dubious or doubt- 
ful ; certain. 2. Not doubting ; unsuspecting. 

IN-DU'BI-TA-BLE, a. [Fr.; L. indubitabilis.] Not to be 
doubted ; unquestionable ; evident ; apparently certain ; 
too plain to admit of doubt. 

IN-DtJ'BI-TA-BLE-NESS, n. State of being indubitable. 
.ash. 



IN-DO'BI-TA-BLY, adv. Undoubtedly; unquestionably; 
in a manner to remove all doubt. Sprat. js 

t IN-DtJ'BI-TATE, a. [L. induMtatus.] Not questioned ; 
evident; certain. Bacon. 

IN-DUCE', V. t. [L. induco.] 1. To lead, as by persuasion 
or argument ; to prevail on ; to incite ; to influence by 
motives. 2. To produce by influence. 3. To produce; 
to bring on ; to cause. 4. To introduce ; to bring into 
view. 5. To offer by way of induction or inference ; 
[notused.] 

IN-Du'CED, (in-dusf) pp. Persuaded by motives ; influ 
enced ; produced ; caused. 

IN DuCE'MENT, n Motive ; any thing that leads the 
mind to will or to act. 

IN-Du'CER, n. He or that which induces, persuades or in- 
fluences. 

IN-Du'CI-BLE, a. 1. That may be induced ; that may be 
offered by induction. 2. That may be caused. 

IN-DU'CING, ppr. Leading or moving by reason or argu- 
ments ; persuading ; producing ; causing. 

IN-DU€T', V. t. [L. inductus.] To introduce, as to a bene- 
fice or office ; to put in actual possession of an ecclesias- 
tical living or of any other office, with the customary 
forms and ceremonies. 

1N-DU€T'ED, pp. Introduced into office with the usual 
formalities. 

IN-DU€T'iLE, a. Not capable of being drawn into threads, 
as a metal, 

IN-DU€-TIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being inductile. 

IN-DU€T'ING, ppr. Introducing into office with the usual 
formalities. 

IN-DU€'TION, n. [Fr.; 1.. inductio.] 1. Literally, a. hnng- 
ing in ; introduction ; entrance. — 2. In logic and rhetoric^ 
the act of drawing a consequence from two or more prop- 
ositions, which are called premises. 3. The method of 
reasoning from particulars to generals, or the inferring of 
one general proposition from several particular ones. 4 
The conclusion or inference 'Irawn from premises. Encyc. 
5. The introduction of a person into an office by the usual 
forms and ceremonies. 

IN-DU€T'IVE, a. I. Leading or drawing. 2. Tending to 
induce or cause. 3. Leading to inferences ; proceeding 
by induction ; employed in drawing conclusions from 
premises. 

IN-DU€T'IVE-LY, adv. By induction or inference. 

IN-DU€T'OR, 71. The person who inducts another into an 
office or benefice. 

IN-DuE', (in-dfi') v. t. [h.induo.] 1. To put on something; 
to invest ; to clothe. 2. To furnish ; to supply with ; to 
endow. 

IN-DtJ'ED, (in-dud') pp. Clothed ; invested. 

IN-DuE'MENT, (in-du'ment) n. A putting on ; endowment. 

IN-Du'ING, ppr. Investing ; putting on. 

IN-DUL6E', (in-dulj') v. t. [L. indulgeo.] 1. To permit to 
be or to continue ; to suffer ; not to restrain or oppose. 
2. To gratify, negatively ,• not to check or restrain the 
will, appetite or desire. 3. To gratify, positively; to 
grant something not of right, but as a favor ; to grant in 
compliance with wishes or desire. — 4. In general, to 
gratify ; to favor ; to humor ; to yield to the wishes of; to 
withhold restraint from. 

IN-DUL6E', (in-dulj') v.i. 1. To permit to enjoy or prac- 
tice ; or to yield to the enjoyment or practice of, without 
restraint or control. 2. To yield ; to comply ; to be fa- 
vorable ; [little used.'] 

IN-DUL'6ED, (in-duljd') pp. 1. Permitted to be and to 
operate without check or control. 2. Gratified ; yielded 
to ; humored in wishes or desires. 3. Granted. 

IN-DUL'6ENCE, \ n. 1. Free permission to the appetites, 

IN-DUL'6EN-CY, \ humor, desires, passions or will to 
act or operate ; foii)earance of restraint or control. 2. 
Gratification. 3. Favor granted ; liberality; gratification. 
— 4. In the Romish church, remission of the punishment 
due to sins, granted by the pope or church, and supposed 
to save the sinner from purgatory. 

IN-DUL'6ENT, a. 1. Yielding to the wishes, desires, hu- 
mor or appetites of those under one's care; compliant; 
not opposing or restraining. 2. Mild ; favorable ; not se- 
vere. 3. Gratifying; favoring. 

IN-DUL-GEN'TIAL, a. Relating to the indulgenciesof the 
Romish church. ^J^Tot well authorized.] Brevint. 

IN-DUL'6ENT-LY, adv. 1. With unrestrained enjoyment. 
Hammond. 2. Mildly ; favorably ; not severely. 

IN-DUL'6ER, n. One who indulges. Mountagu. 

IN-DUL'GING, ppr. Permitting to enjoy or to practice. 

IN-DULT', ) n. [It. induito.] 1. In the church of Rome, 

IN-DULT'O, \ the power of presenting to benefices, grant- 
ed to certain persons. — 2. In Spain, a duty, tax or custom, 
paid to the king for all goods imported from the West In- 

^ dies in the galleons. 

IN'DU-RATE, v. i. [L induro.] To grow hard ; to harden 
or become hard. 

IN'DURATE, v. t. 1. To make hard. 2. To make un- 
feeling ; to deprive of sensibility ; to render obdurate. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K j G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TII as in this, t Obsolete 



INE 



448 



INE 



jWDU-RATEjA. Impenitent; hardofliearf Hard: dried. 

IN'DU-P \-TED, pp. Hardened ; made obdurate. 

IN'DU-RA-TING, ppr. Hardening ; rendering insensible. 

IN-DU-Ra'TION, n. 1. The act of bardeniug, or process 
of growing hard. 2. Hardness of heart ; obduracy. 

IN-DUS'TRI-OUS, a. [Tl.. industrius.'] 1. Diligent in busi- 
ness or study ; constantly, regularly or habitually occu- 
pied in business ; assiduous. 2. Diligent in a particular 
pursuit, or to a particulsu* end. 3. Given to industry ; 
characterized by diligence. 4. Careful ; assiduous. 

IN-DUS TRI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With habitual diligence ; 
with steady application of the powers of body or of mind. 
2. Dili«enily ; assiduously ; with care. 

IN'D US-TRY, 71. [L. industria.] Habitual diligence in any 
employment, either bodily or mental ; steady attention to 
business ; as& duity. 

IN-DWELL'ER, n. An inhabitant. Spenser. 

IN-DWELL'ING, a. Dwelling within ; remaining in the 
heart, even after it is renewed. Macknight. 

IN-DWELL'ING, n Residence witliui, or in the heart or 
soul. 

iN-E'BRI-ANT, a. [See Inebriate.] Intoxicating. 

IN-K'BRI-ANT, n. Any thing that intoxicates, as opium. 

IN-E'BRI-ATE, V. t. [L. inebriatus.] 1. To make drunic ; 
to intoxicate. 2. To disorder the senses ; to stupefy, or 
tojnake furious or frantic. 
N-E'BRI-ATE, V. i. To be or become intoxicated. 

*N-E'BRI-ATE, w. An habitual drunkard. Darwin. 

iN-E BRI-A-TED, pp. Intoxicated. 

IN-E'BRI-A-TING, ppr. Making drunk ; intoxicating. 

■'N E-BRI-A'TION, n. Drunkenness, intoxication. 

IN-E-BRl'E-TY, 31. Drunkenness ; intoxication. 

IN-ED'IT-ED, a. [in and edited.} Unpublished. Warton. 

■ N-EF-FA-BIL'I-TY, n. Unspeakableness. 

•N-EF'FA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. ineffabilis.] Unspeakable ; un- 
utterable ; that cannot be expressed in words. 

iN-EF'FA-BLE-NESS, n. Unspeakableness; quality of be- 
ing unutterable. Scott. 

/N-EF'FA-BLY, adv. Unspeakably ; in a manner not to be 
expressed in words. Milton, 

N-EF-FE€T'IVE, a. 1. Not effective ; not producing any 
effect, or the effect intended ; inefBcient ; useless. 2. 
Not able ; not competent to the service intended. 3. Pro- 
ducing no effect. 

•N-EF-FE€T'U-AL, a. Not producing its proper effect, or 
not able to produce its effect ; inefficient ; weak. 
N-EF-FE€T'U-AL-LY, adv. Without effect ; in vain. 

lN-EF-FE€T'U-AL-NESS, n. Want of effect, or of power 
to produce it ; inefficacy. Wake. 

>N-EF-FER-VES'CENCE, n. Want of effervescence; a 
state of not effervescing. Kirtcan. 

IN-EF-FER-VES'CENT, a. Not effervescing, or not sus- 
ceptible of effervescence. 

IN-EF-FER-VES-CI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of not ef- 
fervescing, or not being susceptible of effervescence. 

IN-EF-FER-VES'CI-BLE, a. Not capable of efferves- 
cence. 

iN-EF-FI-€A'CIOUS, a. [L. inefficax.] Not efficacious; 
not having power to produce the effect desired, or the 
proper effect ; of inadequate power or force. — Ineffectual, 
says Johnson, rather denotes an actual failure, and ineffi- 
cacious, an habitual impotence to any effect. But the 
dl'^tinction is not always observed. 

iN-EF-FI-€A CIOUS-LY, adv. Without efficacy or effect. 

»N-EF-FI-€a'CIOUS-NESS, n. Want of power to produce 
the effect, or want of effect. 

«N-EF'FI-€A-CY, n. [L. efficacia.] 1. Want of power to 
produce the desired or proper effect ; inefficiency. 2. In- 
effectualness ; failure of effect. 

tN-EF-FI"CIEN-CY, n. Want of power or exertion of 
power to produce the effect ; inefficacy. 

IN-EF-Fl"CIENT, a. 1. Not efficient ; not producing the 
effect; inefficacious. 2. Not active ; effecting U' thing. 

1N-EF-FI"C1ENT-LY, adv. Ineffectually ; without effect. 

IN-E-LAB'0-RATE, a. Not elaborate; not wrought with 
care. Cockeram. 

[N-E-LAS'TI€, a. Not elastic ; wanting elasticity. 

IN-E-LAS-TIG'I-TY, n. The absence of elasticity ; the 
want of elastic power. 

IN-EL'E-GANCE, )n. Want of elegance ; want of beauty 

IN-EL'E-GAN-CY, ) or polish in language, composition 
or manners ; want of symmetry or oniament in building ; 
want of delicacy in coloring, &c. 

IN-EL'E-GANT, a. [L. inelegans.] Not elegant ; wanting 
beauty or polish, as language, or refinement, as manners ; 
wanting symmetry or ornament, as an edifice. 

IN-EL'E-GANT-LY, adv. In an inelegant or unbecoming 
manner ; coarsely ; roughly. Chesterfield. 

[N-EL-I-6I-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. Incapacity of being elected to 
an office. 2. State or quality of not beinfi; worthy of 
choice. 

IN-EL'I-GI-BLE, a. 1. Not capable of being elected to an 
office. 2. Not worthy to be chosen or preferred ; not ex- 
pedient. 



IN-EL'0-aUENT, a. 1. Not eloquent ; not speaking witli 
fluency, propriety, grace and pathos ; not persuasive. 2 
Not fluent, graceftil or pathetic ; not persuasive, as Ian 
guage or composition. 

IN-EL'0-aUENT-LY, adv. Without eloquence. 

t IN-E-LU€T'A-BLE, a. [L. ineluctabilis.} Not to be re- 
sisted by struggling; not to be overcome. 

IN-E-LUD'I-BLE, a. That cannot be eluded. 

IN-E-NAR'RA-BLE, a. [L. iiunarrabiUs.] That cannot bo 
narrated or told. 

IN-EPT', a. [L. ineptus.] I. Not apt or fit; unfit; unsuit- 
able. 9. Improper ; unbecoming ; foolish. 

IN-EPT^I-TUDE, n. Unfitness; inaptitude; unsuitable- 
ness. 

IN-EPT'LY, adv. Unfitly : unsuitably ; foolishly. 

IN-EPT'NESS, 71. Unfitness. More. 

IN-E'Q,UAL, a. Unequal ; uneven ; various. Shenstone. 

IN-E-Q.UAL'1-TY, n. [L. incequalitas.] 1. Difference or 
want of equality in degree, quantity, length or quality of 
any kind. 2. Unevenness ; want of levelness ; the al- 
ternate rising and falling of a surface. 3. Disproportion 
to any office or purpose ; inadequacy ; incompetency. 4. 
Diversity ; want of uniformity in different times or places. 
5. Difference of rank, station or condition. 

IN-E-QUI-DIS'TANT, a. Not being equally distant. 

IN-E-aUl-LAT'ER-AL, a. Having unequal sides. 

IN-£a'UI-TA-BLE, a. Not equitable ; not just. 

IN-E'aUI-VALVE, ^ TT • . , 

IN-E-aUI-VAL'Vd-LAR, \ "" Having unequal valves. 

IN-ERM', I a. [L. inermis.] Unarmed ; destitute of 

IN-ERM'OUS, \ prickles or thorns, as a leaf. 

IN-ER-RA-BIL'I-TY, n. Exemption from error or from the 
possibility of erring ; mfallibility. 

IN-ER'RA-BLE, a. That cannot err ; exempt from enor or 
mistake; infallible. Hammond. 

IN-ER'RA-BLE-NESS, n. Exemption ftom enor ; inerra- 
bility. Hammond. 

IN-ER'RA-BLY, adv. With security from error ; infallibly. 

IN-ER-RAT'I€, a. Not erratic ; fixed. 

IN-ER'RING-LY, adv. Without error or mistake. 

IN-ERT', a. [L. iners.} 1. Destitute of the power of mo- 
ving itself, or of active resistance to motion impressed. 
2. Dull ; sluggish ; indisposed to move or act. 

IN-ER'TION, n. Want of activity ; want of exertion. 

IN-ERT'I-TUDE, 7i. The state of being inert. Good. 

IN-ERT'LY, adv. Without activity ; sluggishly. 

IN-ERT'NESS, ?;. 1. The state or quality of being inert. 
2. Want of activity or exertion ; habitual indisposition to 
action or motion ; sluggishness. 

IN ESSE, [L.] In being ; actually existing ; distinguished 
from in posse, or inpotentia, which denote that a thing is 
not, but may be. 

IN-ES'€ATE, V. t. [L. inesco.'] To bait ; to lay a bait for. 

IN-ES-€ ACTION, 71. The act of baiting. Hallowcll. 

IN-ES'TI-MA-BLE, fl. {1j. inastimabilis.] 1. That cannot 
be estimated or computed. 2. Too valuable or excellent 
to be rated ; being above all price. 

IN-ES'TI-MA-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be estimated 
or rated. 

IN-EV'I-DENCE, n. Want of evidence ; obscurity. 

IN-EV'I-DENT, a. Not evident ; not clear or obvious ; ob- 
scure. Brown. 

IN-EV-I-TA-BIL I-TY, n. Impossibility to be avoided; 
certainty to happen. Bramhall. 

IN-EV'I-TA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inevitabilis.] Not to be 
avoided ; that cannot be shunned ; unavoidable ; that ad- 
mits of no escape or evasion. 

IN-EV'I-TA-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being unavoid- 
able. 

IN-EV'I-TA-BLY, adv. Without possibility of escape or 
evasion ; unavoidably ; certainly. 

IN-EX-A€T', a. Not exact ; not precisely correct or true. 

IN-EX-A€T'NESS, n. Incorrectness; want of precision. 

IN-EX-CiT'A-BLE, a. Not susceptible of excitement; dull, 
lifeless ;_torpid. 

IN-EX-€U'SA-BLE, a. [L. inexcusabilis.] Not to be ex- 
cused or justified. 

IN-EX-€U'SA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of not admitting 
of excuse or justification. South. 

IN-EX-€u'SA-BLY, adv. With a degree of guilt or folly 
beyond excuse or justification. 

IN-EX-E-€u'TION, n. Neglect of execution ; non-per- 
formance. 

IN-EX-ER'TION, n. Want of exertion; want of effort; 
defect of action. Darwin. 

IN-EX-HaL'A-BLE, a. Not to be exhaled or evaporated ; 
not evaporable. Brown. 

IN-EX-HAUST'ED, a. 1. Not exhausted ; not emptied ; 
unexhaiisted. 2. Not spent ; not having lost all strength 
or resources ; unexhausted. 

IN-EX-HAUST'I-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be exhausted or 
emptied'; unfailing. 2. That cannot be wasted or spent 

IN-EX-HAUST'I-BLE-NESS, 71. The state of being inex- 
haustible. 



* See Synopsis A, g, I. 0, U, Y, ioTi^r.— FAR, FALL, WHA.T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD j— f Obsolete 



INF 



449 



INF 



iN-EX-HAUST'IVE, a. Not to be exhausted or spent. 
IN-FiX-ISt'ENCE, n. 1. Want of being or existence. 

Broome. 2. Inhsrsnc-e. 
IN-EX-IST'ENT, a. 1. Not having being j not existing. 

2. Ej'isting in something else. Boxjle. 
IN-EX-O-RA-BTL'I-TY, n. The quality of being inexorable 

or unyielding to entreaty. Paley. 
IN-EX'0-RA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inexorabilis.] 1. Not to 
be persuaded or moved by entreaty or prayer ; too firm 
and determined in purpose to yield to supplication. 2. 
Unyielding 5 that cannot be made to bend. 

IN-EX'0-RA-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being inexorable. 

JN-EX'O-RA-BLY, adv. So as to be immovable by entrea- 
ty- 

IN-EX-PE€-Ta'TION, n. State of having no expectation. 

t IN-EX-PE€T/ED, a. Not expected. 

IN-EX-Pe'DI-ENCE, I n. \in and expedience.] Want of 

IN-EX-Pe'DI-EN-CY, \ fitness ; impropriety ; unsuitable- 
ness to the pui-pose. 

IN-EX-Pe'DI-ENT, a. Not expedient ; not tending to pro- 
mote a purpose ; not tending to a good end ; unfit j im- 
proper ;_unsuitable to time and place. 

IN-EX-Pe'RI-ENCE, tu Want of experience or experi- 
mental knowledge . 

IN-EX-Pe'RI-ENOED, a. Not having experience; un- 
skilled. 

IN-EX-PERT', a. Not expert; not skilled; destitute of 
knowledge or dexterity derived from practice. 

IN-EXTI-A-BLE, a. ['Fr. ; L. inexpiabilis.] 1. That ad- 
mits of no atonement or satisfaction. 2. That cannot be 
mollified or appeased by atonement. 

IN-EX'PI-A-BLY, adv. To a degree that admits of no 
atonement. Roscommon. 

IN-EX-PLaIN'A-BLE, a. That cannot be explained ; in- 
explicable. 

flN-EX-PLE'A-BLY, or IN-EX'PLE-A-BLY, adv. Insa- 
tiably. Sandys. 

IN-EX'PLI-€A-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inexplicabilis.] That can- 
not be explained or interpreted ; not capable of being ren- 
dered plain and intelligible. 

IN-EX'PLI-€A-BLE-NESS, n. "The state or quality of being 
inexplicable. 

IN-EX'PLI-€A-BLY, adv In a manner not to be explained. 

IN-EX-PLo'RA-BLE, a. That cannot be explored, search- 
ed or discovered. 

IN-EX-PRESST-BLE, a. Not to be expressed in words; 
not to be uttered ; unspeakable ; unutterable. 

IN-EX-PRESS'I-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree not to 
be expressed ; unspeakably ; unutterably. 

IN-EX-PRESS'IVE, a. Not tending to express ; not express- 
ing; inexpressible. 

IN-EX-PoS'URE, n. A state of not being exposed. 

IN-EX-PUG'NA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inexpiignabilis.] Not to 
be subdued by force ; not'to be taken by assault ; impreg- 
nable. 

fN-EX-Su'PER-A-BLE, a. [L. inexsuperabilis.] Not to be 
passed over or surmounted. 

IN-EX-TEND'ED, a. Having no extension. Good. 

IN-EX-TEN'SION, n. Want of extension. 

IN-EX-TER'Mt-NA-BLE, a. That cannot be exterminated. 

IN-EX-TIN€T', a. Not quenched ; not extinct. 

IN-EX-TIN'GUISH-A-BLE, a. That cannot be extinguish- 
ed ; unquenchable. 

IN-EX-TiR'PA-BLE, a. That cannot be extirpated. 

IN-EX'TR[-€A-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inextricabilis.] 1. Not 
to be disentangled ; not to be freed from intricacy or per- 
plexity. 2. Not to be untied. 

»N-EX'TRI-eA-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being inextri- 
cable. Donne. 

IN-EX'TRI-eA-BLY, adv. To a degree of perplexity not 
to be disentangled. Pope. 

[N-EyE' v. t. To inoculate, as a tree or a bud. Philips. 

T IN-FAB'Rt-€A-TED, a. Unfabricated : unwrouaht. 

IN-FAL-LI-BIL'I-TY, or IN-FAL'LI-BLE-NESS; n. The 
quality of being incapable of error or mistake ; entire ex- 
emption from liability to error ; inerrability. 

IN-FAL'LI-BLE, a. [Fr. infaillible.] 1. Not fallible ; not 
capable of erring. 2. Not liable to fail, or to deceive con- 
fidence ; certain. 

IN-FAL'LI-BLY, adv. 1. Without a possibility of erring 
or mistaking. 2. Certainly ; without a possibility of fail- 
ure. 

f IN-FaME', v. t. To defame. Bacon. 

JN'FA-MOUS, a. [Fr. infame ; l,.infamis.} I. Of ill re- 
port, emphatically ; having a reputation of the worst 
kind ; publicly branded with odium for vice or guilt ; 
base ; scandalous ; notoriously vile. 2. Odious ; detesta- 
Tjle ; held in abhorrence ; that renders a person infamous. 
3. Branded with infamy by conviction of a crime. 

IJV'FA-MOUS-LY, adv. 1. In a manner or degree to ren- 
der infamous; scandalously; disgracefully; shamefully. 
2. With open reproach. 

IN'FA-MOUS-NESS, ) m. [Fr. infamie ,• L. infamia.] 1. 

IN'FA-MY, ) Total loss of reputation ; public 



disgrace. 2. ftualities wiiich are detested and despised ; 
qualities notoriously bad and scandalous.— 3, In law, that 
loss of character or public disgrace which a convict incurs, 
and by which a person is rendered incapable of being a 
witness or juror. 
IN'FAN-CY,w. [L. infantia.] 1. The first part of life, be 
ginning at the birth.— 2. In law, infancy extends to the 
age of twenty-one years. 3. The first age of any. thing ; 
the beginning, or early period of existence. 
t IN-FAND'OUS, a. [L. infandus.] Too odious to be ex- 
pressed. Howell. 
IN-FANG'THEF, n. [Sax. in, fangan and theof.] In Eng 
lish law, the privilege granted to lords to judge thieves 
taken on their manors, or within their franchises. 
IN'PANT, n. [Fr. enfant ; L. infans.] 1. A child in the 
first period of life, beginning at his birth ; a young babe. 
—2. In law, a person under the age of twenty-one years, 
who is incapable of making valid contracts. 
IN'FANT, a. 1. Pertaining to infancy or the first period of 
life. 2. Young ; tender ; not mature ; as, infant strength. 
IN-FANT'A, n. In Spain and Portugal, any princess of the 
royal blood, except the eldest daughter when Jieu-ess ap- 
parent. 
I1\-FANT'E, n. In Spain and Portugal, any son of the king, 

except the eldest or heir apparent. 
IN-FANT'I-ClDE, n. [Low L. infanticidium.] 1. The in- 
tentional killing of an infant. 2. The slaughter of infants 
by Herod. _ 3. A slayer of infants. 
* IN'FAN-TlLE, a. [L. infantilis.] Pertaining to infancy, 

or to an ijifant ; pertaining to the first period of life. 
IN'FAN-TlNE, a. Pertaining to infants or to young chil- 
dren. 
IN'FANT-LTKE, a. Like an infant. Shak. 
IN'FANT-LY, a. Like a child. Beaumont. 
IN'FANT-RY, n. [Fr. infanterie.] In military affairs, the 
soldiers or troops that serve on foot, as distinguished from 
cavalry. 
t IN-FARCE', (in-f ars') v. t. To stuff. 
IN-FARC'TION, n. [L. infarcio.] The act of stuffing or 

filling; constipation. Harvey. 
t IN-FASH'ION-A-BLE, a. Unfashionable. Beaumont. 
t IN-FAT'I-GA-BLE, a. Indefatigable, 
t IN-FAT'U-ATE, v. t. [L. infatuo.] 1. To make foolish ; 
to affect with folly ; to weaken the intellectual powers, 
or to deprive of sound judgment. 2. To prepossess or in 
cline to a person or thing in a manner not justified by 
prudence or reason ; to inspire with an extravagant or 
foolish passion, 
t IN-FAT'U-ATE, a. Stupefied. Phillips. 
IN-FAT'U-A-TED, pp. Affected with folly. 
IN-FAT'U-A-TING, ppr. Affecting with folly. 
IN-F AT-U-A'TION, rt. 1. The act of affecting with foliy 
2. A state of mind in which the intellectual powers are 
weakened, so that the person affected acts without iiis 
usual judgment, and contrary to the dictates of reason, 
t IN-FAUST'ING, n. [h. infaustus.] The act of making 

unlucky. Bacon. 
1N-FeAS-I-BIL'I-TY, or IN-FeAS'I-BLE-NESS, n. Im- 
practicability ; the quality of not being capable of being 
don^ or performed. 
IN-FeAS'I-BLE, a. Not to be done ; that cannot be accom- 
plished : impracticable. 
IN-FE€T', V. t. [Fr infecter.] 1. To taint with disease ; 
to infuse into a Iiealthy body the virus, miasma or morbid 
matter of a diseased body, or any pestilential or noxious 
air or substance by which a disease is produced. 2. To 
taint or affect with morbid or noxious matter. 3. To 
communicate bad qualities to ; to coiTupt ; to taint by the 
communication of any thing noxious or pernicious. 4. 
To contaminate with illegality. 
f-IN-FE€T', a. Infected. 

IN-FE€T'ED, pp. Tainted with noxious matter ; corrupted 
by poisonous exhalations ; corrupted by bad qualities com 
rnunicated. 
IN-FEGT'ER, n. He or that which infects. 
IN-FECT'ING, ppr. Tainting ; corrupting. 
IN-FE€'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of infecting. The 
words contagion and infection are frequently confounded 
The proper distinction between them is this. Contagion 
is the virus or efffuvium generated in a diseased body, and 
capable of producing the specific disease in a healthy body 
by contact or otherwise. Infection is any thing that taints 
or corrupts ; hence it includes contagion, and any other 
morbid, noxious matter which may excite disease in a 
healthy body. 2. The morbid cause which excites disease 
in a healthy or uninfected body. 3. That which taints, 
poisons or corrupts by communication from one to anoth- 
er. 4. Contamination by illegality, as in cases of contra- 
band goods. 5. Communication of like qualities. 
IN-FE€'TIOUS, a. 1. Having qualities that may taint or 
communicate disease to. 2. Corrupting ; tending to taint 
by communication. 3. Contaminating with illegality ; 
exposing to seizure and forfeiture. 4. Capable of being 
communicated by near approach. 



* See Synopsis, MOVE, BQQK, D6VE ;- BJJLL, UNITE— € asK<0a8J,SasZiCHasSH;THasin this, f Obsolete. 



INF 



450 



INF 



^i\-PE€'TIOUS-Ly, adv. By infection. 

tN-FEC'TIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being infectious, 
or capable of communicating disease or taint from one to 
another. 

IN-FE€T'IVE, a. Having the quality of communicating 
disease or taint from one to another. 

*IN-Fe'€UND, a. [1,. infacundus.] Unfruitful; not pro- 
ducing young; barren. 

IN-FE-eUND'I-TY, 71. [1,. infacunditas.] Unfruitfulness ; 
barrenness. Med. Repos. 

IN-FE-LIC'I-TY, n. [Fr. infelicite.] 1. Unhappiness ; 
misery; misfortune. 2. Unfortunate state ; unfavorable- 
ness. 

IN-FER', V. t. [Fr. inferer ; L. infero.] 1. Literally, to 
bring on ; to induce ; [little used.] 2 To deduce ; to 
draw or derive, as a fact or consequence. 3. To offer ; to 
produce; [not itsed^ 

IN-FER' A-BLE, a. That may be inferred or deduced from 
premises. Burke. 

IN'FER-ENCE, n. [Fr.] A truth or proposition drawn from 
another which is admitted or supposed to be true ; a con- 
clusion. 

IN-FEOFF'. See Enfeoff. 

IN-Fe'RI-OR, a [L,] 1. Lower in place. 2. Lower in 
station, age or rank in life. 3. Lower in excellence or 
value. 4 Subordinate ; of less importance. 

IN-Fe'RI-OR, n. A person who is younger, or of a lower 
station or rank in society. South. 

IN-FE-RI-OR'I-TY, n. [Fr. inferiorite.] A lower state of 
dignity, age, value or quality. 

IN-FER'NAL, a. [Fr. ; L. infernus.] 1. Properly, pertain- 
ing to the lower regions, or regions of the dead, the Tar- 
tarus of the ancients. 2. Pertaining to hell ; inhabiting 
hell. 3. Hellish; resembling the temper of infernal 
spirits ; malicious ; diabolical ; very wicked and detesta- 
ble. 

IN-FER- NAL, n. An inhabitant of hell, or of the lower re- 
gions. 

IN-FER'NAL STONE, [lapis infernalis.] A name formerly 
given to lunar caustic. Hill. 

IN-FER'NAL-LY, adv. In a detestable and infernal way. 
Hacktt. 

IN-FER'TILE, a. [Fr. ; L. infertilis.] Not fertile; not 
fruitful or productive ; barren. 

IN-FER-TIL'I-TY, n. Unfruitfulness ; unproductiveness ; 
banenness. Hale. 

IN-FEST', v.t. [Fr. infester ; L. infesto.] To trouble great- 
ly ; to disturb ; to annov ; to harass. 

IN-FES-Ta'TION, n The act of infesting ; molestation. 

IN-FEST'ED, pp. Troubled ; annoyed ; harassed ; plagued. 

IN-FES'TERED, a. Rankling; inveterate. 

IN-FEST'ING, ppr. Annoying ; harassing ; disturbing. 

IN-FEST'IVE, a. Having no mirth. 

IN-FES-TIV'I-TY, n. Want of festivity, or of cheerfulness 
and mirth at entertainments. 

tlN-FEST'Q-OUS, a. [la. infestiis.] Mischievous. Bacon. 

IN-FEU-Da'TION, n. [L. in and feudum.] 1. The act of 
putting one in possession of an estate in fee. 2. The 
granting of tithes to laymen. 

IN'FI-DEL, a. [Fr. infidele : L. injidelis.] Unbelieving ; 
disbelieving the divine institution of Christianity. Knox. 

IN'FI-DEL, ft. One who disbelieves the inspiration of the 
Scriptures, and the divine origin of Christianity. 

IN-FI-DEL'I-TY, n. [Fr. infiddite ; L. injidelitas.] 1. In 
general, want of faith or belief; a withholding of credit. 
2. Disbelief of the inspiration of the Scriptures, or the di- 
vine original of Christianity ; unbelief. 3. Unfaithful- 
ness, particularly in married persons ; a violation of the 
marriage covenant by adultery or lewdness. 4. Breach 
of trust; treachery; deceit. 

IN-FIL'TRATE, v. i. [Fr. filtrer.] To enter by penetrat- 
ing the pores or interstices of a substance. 

IN-FIL'TRA-TING, ppr. Penetrating by the pores or inter- 
sticcs 

IN-FIL*-TRa'TION, 71. 1. The act or process of entering 
the pores or cavities of a body. 2. The substance which 
has entered the pores or cavities of a body. 

IN'FI-NlTE, a. [L. infinitus.] 1. Without limits; un- 
bounded ; boundless ; not circumscribed. 2. That will 
have no end. 3. That has a beginning in space, but is in- 
finitely extended. 4. Infinite is used loosely and hyper- 
bolically for indefinitely large, immense, of great size or 
extent. — Infinite canon, in wiisic, a perpetual fugue. 

fN'FI-NlTE-LY, adv. 1. Without bounds or limits. 2. 

Immensely ; greatly ; to a great extent or degree. 
IN'FI-NITE-NESS, n. 1. Boundless extent of time, space 

or qualities ; infinity. 2. Immensity ; greatness. 
IN-FIN-I-TES'I-MAL, a. Indefinitely small. 

IN-FIN-I-TES'I-MAL, n. An indefinitely small quanti- 
ty. 
IN-FIN'I-TIVE, a. [L. infinitivus.] In grammar, the infin- 
itive mode expresses the action of the verb, without limi- 
tation of person or number; as, to love. 
IN-FIN'I-TUDE, 71. 1. Infinity ; infiniteness ; the quality 



or state of being without limits ; infinite extent. 2. Im- 
mensity ; greatness. 3. Boundless number. 

IN-FIN'1-TY, 71. [Fr. infinite ; L. infinitas.] 1. Unlimited 
extent of time, space or quantity ; boundlessness. 2. Im- 
mensity ; indefinite extent. 3. Endless or indefinite num- 
ber. 

IN-FiRM', a. [Fr. infirme ; L. infirmus.] 1. Not firm or 
sound ; weak ; feeble. 2. Weak of mind ; irresolute. 3. 
Not solid or stable. 

t IN-FiRM', V. t. To weaken. Raleigh. 

IN-FiRM'A-RY, n. A hospital or place where the sick are 
lodged and nursed. 

IN-FiRM'A-TlVE, a. [Fr. infirmatif.] Weakening; dis- 
annulling. 

IN-FiRM'I-TY, 71. [Fr. infirmite ; L. infirmitas.] 1. An 
unsound or unhealthy state of the body ; weakness ; fee- 
bleness. 2. Weakness of mind ; failing ; fault ; foible. 
3. Weakness of resolution. 4. Any particular disease ; 
malady. 5. Defect ; imperfection ; weakness. 

IN-FiRM'NESS, ji. Weakness; feebleness; unsoundness 

IN-FIX', V. t. [L. infizus.] 1. To fix by piercing or thrast 
ing in. 2. To set in ; to fasten in something. 3. To im- 
plant or fix, as principles in tlie mind, or ideas in the 
memory. 

IN-FIX'ED, (m-fixf) pp. Thrust in ; set in ; inserted ; 
deeply implanted. 

IN-FIX'ING, ppr. Thrusting in ; setting in ; implanting. 

IN-FLaME', V. t. [L. infiammo.] 1. To set on fire ; to 
kindle ; to cause to burn. 2. To excite or increase, as 
passion or appetite ; to enkindle into violent action. 3. 
To exaggerate ; to aggravate in description. 4. To heat ; 
to excite excessive action in the blood. 5. To provoke ; 
to irritate ; to anger. 6. To increase ; to exasperate. 7. 
To increase ; to augment. 

IN-FLaME', v. i. To grow hot, angry and painful. 

IN-FLaM'ED, (in-flamd') pp. Set on fire ; enkindled ; heat- 
ed ; provoked ; exasperated. 

IN-FLaM'ER, n. The person or thing that inflames. 

IN-FLaM'ING, ppr. Kindling ; heating ; provoking ; exas- 
perating. 

IN-FLAM-MA-BIL'I-TY, n. Susceptibility of taking fire. 

IN-FLAM'MA-BLE, a That may be set on fire ; easily en- 
kindled ; susceptible of combustion. 

IN-FLAM'MA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being sus- 
ceptible of flame, or capable of taking fire ; inflammabil- 



sf-FI 



IN-FLAM-Ma'TION, 71. [L. infiammaiio.] 1. The act of 
setting on fire or inflaming. 2. The state of being in flame. 
— 3. In medicine and surgery, a redness and swelling of 
any part of an animal body, attended with heat, pain and 
febrile symptoms. 4. Violent excitement; heat; ani- 
mosity ; turbulence. 

IN-FLAM'MA-TO-RY, a. 1. Inflaming; tending to excite 
heat or inflammation. 2. Accompanied with preternatu- 
ral heat and excitement of arterial action. 3. Tending to 
excite anger, animosity, tumult or sedition. 

IN-FLaTE', v. t. [L. inflatus.] 1. To swell or distend by 
injecting air. 2. To fill with the breath ; to blow in. 3. 
To swell ; to puff" up ; to elate. 

IN-FLaTE', I a. In botany, puffed ; hollow and distend- 

IN-FLaT'ED, \ ed. 

IN-FLaT'ED, pp. Swelled or distended with air ; puffed 
up. 

IN-FLaT'ING, p;)r. Distending with air ; pufling up. 

IN-FLa'TION, 7?. [L.i7?^atio.] 1. The act of inflating. 2. 
The state of being distended with air injected or inhaled 
3. The state of being puffed up, as with vanitv. 4. Conceit. 

IN-FLE€T', 7). t. [Ia. inflecto.] 1. To bend; to turn from 
a direct line or course. — 2. In grammar, to vary a noun 
or a verb in its terminations ; to decline, as a noun or ad- 
jective, or to conjugate, as a verb. 3. To modulate, as 
the voice. 

IN-FLE€T'ED, pp. Bent or turned from a direct line or 
course ; varied in termination. 

IN-FLE€T'ING, ppr. Bending or turning from its course 
varying in termination ; modulating, as the voice. 

IN-FLEC'TION, n. [L. inflectio.] 1. The act of bending 
or turning from a direct line or course. — 2. In optics, a 
property of light by which its rays, when they approach 
a body, are bent towards it or from it. — 3. In grammar, 
the variation of nouns, &c. by declension, and of verbs 
by conjugation. 4. Modulation of the voice in speaking. 

IN-FLE€T'IVE, a. Having the power of bending. 

IN-FLEX'ED, (in-flexf) a. [L. inflexus.] Turned ; bent. 

INFLEX-I-BIL'I-TY, or IN-FLEX'I-BLE-NESS, n. 1. 
The quality of being inflexible or not capable of being 
bent ; unyielding stiffness. 2. Obstinacy of will or tem- 
per ; flrmness of purpose that will not yield to importuni- 
ty or persuasion ; unbending pertinacity. 

IN-FLEX'I-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inflexibilis.]. 1. That can- 
not be bent. 2. That will not yield to prayers or argu 
ments ; firm in purpose ; not to be prevailed on ; that 
cannot be turned. 3. Not to be changed or altered. 

IN-FLEX'I-BLY, adv. With a firmness that resists ail im 



» See Synopsis. A, fi, I O, tj, 5?, long.— F^-R, FALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PtN, MARiNE, BIRD ;— l Obsolete 



INF 



451 



ING 



portunity or persuasion ; with unyielding pertinaciousness j 
inexorable. 

IN-FLEX'ION. See Inflection. 

fN-FLICT', V. t. [L. inflicfus.] To lay on ; to throw or 
send on ; to apply. 

IN-FLI€T'ED, pp. Laid on ; applied, as punishments or 
judgments. 

m-FLI€T'ER, n. He who lays on or applies 

IN-FLI€T'ING, ppr. Laying on j applying. 

(N-FLI€'TION, M. [L. infiictio.] 1. The act of laying on 
or applying. 2. The punishment applied. 

[N-FLICT'IVE, a. Tending or able to inflict. 

IN-FLO-RES'CENCE, n. [L. inflorescens.] 1. In botany, 
a mode of flowering, or the manner in which flowers are 
supported on their foot-stalks or peduncles. 2. A flower- 
ing ; the unfolding of blossoms. 

IN'FLU-ENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. influens.] \. Literally, a flow- 
ing In, — 2. In a general sense, injiuence denotes power 
whose operation is invisible and known only by its ef- 
fects. 3. The power which celestial bodies are supposed 
to exert on terrestrial. 4. Moral power ; power of truth 
operating on the mind 5. Physical power ; power that 
affects natural bodies by unseen operation. 6. Power act- 
ing on sensibility. 7. Spiritual power, or the immediate 
power of God on the mind. 

IN'FLU-ENCE, v. t. 1. To move by physical power ope- 
rating by unseen laws or force ; to affect. 2. To move by 
moral power ; to act on and affect, as the mind or will, in 
persuading or dissuading ; to induce. 3. To move, as 
the passions. 4. To lead or direct. 

IN'FLU-ENCED, pp. Moved ; excited ; affected ; persuaded ; 
induced. 

IN'FLU-EN-CING, ppr. Moving ; affecting ; inducing. 

IN'FLU-ENT, a. Flowing in. [Little used.] ^rbuthrcot. 

IN-FLU-EN'TIAL, a. Exerting influence or power by; in- 
visible operation. Milner. 

IN-FLU-EN'TIAL-LY, adv. By means of influence, so as 
to incline, move or direct. 

IN-FLU-EN'ZA, n. [It. influenza^ An epidemic catarrh. 

IN'FLUX, n. [L. injiuxus.] 1. The act of flowing in ; as 
an influx of light or other fluid. 2. Infusion ; intromis- 
sion. 3. Influence ; power ; [obs.] 4. A coming in ; in- 
troduction ; importation in abundance. 

''N-FLUX'ION, n. Infusion j intromission. Bacon. 

i IN-FLUX'IOUS, a. Influential. 

/N-FLUX'IVE, a. Having influence, or having a tendency 
to flow in. HalesiDo^th. 

IN-F6LD', v.i. 1. To involve ; to wrap up or inwrap ; to 
inclose. 2. To clasp with the arms ; to embrace. Sfiak. 

IN-FOLD'ED, pp. Involved ; inwrapped ; inclosed ; em- 
braced. 

IN-FoLD'ING, ppr. Involving ; wrapping up ; clasping. 

^N-Fo'LI-ATE, V. f. IL. hi and folium.] To cover or over- 
spread with leaves. [JVot much used.] 

iN-FOS.W,v.t. [Fr. informer.] 1. To animate; to give 
life to ; to actuate by vital powers. 2. To instruct ; to 
tell to ; to acquaint ; to communicate knowledge to ; to 
make known to by word or writing. 3. To communicate 
a knowledge of facts to one by way of accusation. 

IN-FORM', V. i. To give intelligence. Shak.— To inform 
against, to communicate facts by way of accusation. 

IN-FORM', a. [L. informis.] Without regular form ; shape- 
less ; ugly. 

IN-FORM'AL, a. 1. Not in the regular or usual form. 2. 
Not in the usual manner ; not according to custom. 3. 
Not with the official forms. 

IN-FOR-MAL'I-TY, n. Want of regular or customary form. 

IN-FORM'AL-LY, adv. In an irregular or informal man- 
ner ; without the usual forms. 

IN-FORM' ANT, n. 1. One who informs, or gives intelli- 
gence. 2. One who offers an accusation. 

IN-FOR-Ma'TION, 71. [Fr. ; L. informatio.] 1. Intelli- 
gence ; notice, news or advice communicated by word or 
writing. 2. Knowledge derived from reading or instruc- 
tion. 3. Knowledge derived from the senses or from the 
operation of the intellectual faculties. 4. Communication 
of facts for the purpose of accusation ; a charge or accusa- 
tion exhibited to a magistrate or court. 

iN-FORM'A-TiVE, a. Having power to animate. 

IN-FORM'ED, (iu-formd') pp. Told ; instructed ; made ac- 
quainted. 

IN -FORM'ER, n. 1. One who animates, informs or gives 
intelligence. 2. One who communicates, or whose duty 
it is to communicate to a magistrate a knowledge of the 
violations of law, and bring the offenders to trial. 

IN-FORM'I-DA-BLE, a. Not formidable ; not to be feared 
or dreaded. Milton. 

IN-FORM'ING, ppr. 1. Giving notice or intelligence ; tell- 
ing. 2. Communicating facts by way of accusation. 

IN-FORM'I-TY, n. [L. informis.] Want of regular form ; 
shapelessness. Brown. 

IN-FORM'OUS, a. [Fr. informe ; L. informis.] Of no regu- 
lar form or figure ; shapeless. Brown. 

IN-FOR'TU-NATE, a. Unlucky ; unfortunate. 



t IN-FOR'TU-NATE-LY, adv. Unfortunately. 

tIN-FOR'TUNE, 71. Misfortune. Elyot. 

IN-FRACT', V. t. [L. infractus.] To break ; to violate. 

IN-FRA€'T10N, n. [Fr. ; Tu.infr actio.] The act of break- 
ing ; breach ; violation ; non-observance, JVatts. 

IN-FRA€T'OR, n. One that violates an agreement, fcc. 

IN-FRA-MUND'ANE, a. [L. infra and mundanus.] Lying 
or being beneath the world. 

IN-FRAN'GI-BLE, a. 1. Not to be broken or separated into 
parts^ 2. Not to be violated. 

IN-FRE'aUENCE, ) n. [L. infrequentia.] Uncommon- 

IN-FRE'CtUEN-CY, ) ness ; rareness ; the. state of rarely 
occurring. 

IN-FRE'GlUENT, a. [L. infrequens.] Rare ; uncommon : 
seldom happening or occurring to notice ; unfrequent. 

t IN-FRE-aUENT', v. t. Not to frequent ; to desert. Ji 
Wood. 

IN-FRI6'I-DATE, v. t. To chill ; to make cold, 

IN-FRIG-I-Da'TION, 71, The act of making cold. 

IN-FRINGE', (in-frinji) v. t. [L. infringo.] 1. To break, as 
contracts ; to violate ; to transgress ; to neglect to fulfill or 
obey. 2, To destroy or hinder ; [little used.] 

IN-FRIN6'ED, (in-frinjd') pp. Broken ; violated ; trans- 
gressed, 

IN-FRINGE'MENT, (in-frinj'ment) n. Act of violating ; 
breach ; violation ; non-fulfilment. 

IN-FRIN6'ER, n. One who violates ; a violator. 

IN-FRING'ING, ppr. Breaking ; violating ; transgressing ; 
failing to observe or fulfil. 

IN-FRtJ'GAL, a. Not frugal ; careless ; extravagant. 

IN'FU-CATE, V. t. [L. infuco.] To stain ; to paint ; to daub. 

IN-FuM'ED, (in-fiimd') a. [L. infumatus.] Dried in smoke. 

IN-FUN-DIB'U-LI-FORM, a. [L, infundibulum.] In botany, 
having the shape of a funnel, as the crrol of a flower ; 
monopetalous, having a conical border rising from a tube. 

IN-FU'RI-ATE, a. Enraged ; mad ; raging, Milton. 

IN-FU'RI-ATE, V. t. To render furious or mad ; to enrage. 

IN-FUS'€ATE, v. t. [L. infuscatus.] To darken ; to make 

IN-FUS-€A'TI0N, n. The act of darkening or blackening. 

IN-FUSE', V. t. [Fr. irfuser.] 1. To pour in, as a liquid. 2. 
To instill, as principles or qualities. 3. To pour in or in- 
still, as into the mind. 4, To introduce. 5. To inspire 
with; [obs.] 6. To steep in liquor without boiling, for 
the purpose of extracting medicinal qualities, 7. To make 
an infusion with an ingredient ; [tibs.] 

t IN-FUSE', n. Infusion. Spenser. 

IN-FuS'ED, (in-fuzd') pp. Poured in ; instilled ; steeped. 

IN-FUS'ER, 71, One who infuses. 

IN-FU-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. The capacity of being infused 
or poured in, 2. The incapacity of being fused or dis- 
solved. 

IN-FU'SI-BLE, a. That may be infused, 

IN-Fu'SI-BLE, a. Not fusible ; incapable of fusion ; that 
cannot be dissolved or melted. 

IN-FUS'ING, ppr. Pouring in ; instilling ; steeping. 

IN-FO'SION, 71. L The act of pouring in, or instilling ; in- 
stillation. 2. Suggestion ; whisper, — 3. In pharmacy, the 
process of steeping in liquor, an operation by which the 
medicinal qualities of plants may be extracted by a liquor 
without boiling. 4. The liquor in which plants are 
steeped, and which is impregnated with their virtues or 
qualities. 

IN-Fu'SIVE, a. Having the power of infusion. 

IN-FtJ'SO-RY, a. The infusory order of worms [vermes] 
comprehends those minute and si.mple animalcules which 
are seldom capable of being traced except by the micro- 
scope. Oood. 

ING, in Saxon, signifies a pasture or meadow, Goth, winga. 
See English. 

flN-GAN-NA'TION, 71. [It. ingannare.] Cheat; fraud. 

jlN'GATE, n. Entrance ; passage in. Spenser. 

IN-GATH'ER-ING, n. The act or business of collecting 
and securing the fruits of the earth ; harvest, 

IN-6EL'A-BLE, a. That-cannot be congealed. 

IN-GEMT-NATE, a. [L. ingeminatus.] Redoubled. 

IN-6EM'I-NATE, v. t. [L. ingemino.] To double or repeat. 

IN-6EM-I-Na'TION, n. Repetition ; reduplication, 

t IN-GEN'DER, v. i. To come together ; to join. Milton. 

IN-6EN'DER. See Engender. 

IN-6EN-ER-A-BIL'I-TY, n. Incapacity of being engen- 
dered. 

IN-GEN'ER-A-BLE, a. That cannot be engendered. 

IN-6EN'ER-ATE, v. t. [It. ingenero.] To generate or pro- 
duce within. Fellows. 

IN-6EN'ER-ATE, a. Generated within ; inborn ; innate ; 
inbred. Wotton. 

IN-GEN'ER-A-TED, pp. Produced within. Hale. 

IN-6EN'ER-A-TING, ppr. Generating or producing within 

* IN-6e'NI-0US, a. [L. ingeriiosus.] 1. Possessed of genius, 
or the faculty of invention ; hence, skillful or prompt to 
invent ; having an aptitude to contrive, or to form new 
combinations of ideas. 2. Proceeding from genius or in- 
genuity ; of curious design, structure or mechanism, 3 



• See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— B^LL, UNITE.~€ as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



ING 



452 



INH 



Witty J well formed ; well adapted. 4. Mental ; intel- 
iectu^ : [obs.] 
•IN-6e'N1-OUS-LY, adv. With ingenuity ; with readiness 
in contrivance ; with skill. 

* IN-6e NI-OUS-NESS, n. I. The quality of being ingenious 
or prompt in invention; ingenuity. 2. Curiousness of 
design or mechanism. 

LN-6EN'ITE, a. [L. ingenittis.] Innate ; inborn ; inbred ; 
native ; ingenerate. 

IN-GE-NU'I-TY, n. [Fr. ingenuite.] 1. The quality or 
power of ready invention ; quickness or acuteness in 
combining ideas, or in forming new combinations ; in- 
geniousness ; s<ill. 2. Curiousness in design, the effect 
of ingenuity. 3. Openness of heart ; fairness; candor. 

IN-6ENIU-OUS, a. [L. ingenuus.] 1. Open; frank ; fair; 
candid ; free from reserve, disguise, equivocation or dis- 
simulation. 2. Noble ; generous. 3. Of honorable ex- 
traction ; freeborn. 

IN-6EN'U-0US-LY, adv. Openly ; fairly ; candidly ; with- 
out reserve or dissimulation. Dryden. 

IN-6EN'U-0US-NESS, n. 1. Openness of heart ; frank- 
ness ; fairness ; freedom from reserve or dissimulation, 
2. Fairness; candidness. 

t IN'6E-NY, 71. Wit ; ingenuity. Bacon 

IN-6EST', V. t. [L. ingestus.] To throw into the stomach. 
[Little used.] Brown. 

IN-6ES'TI0N, n. The act of throwing into the stomach. 

flN'GLE, n. [qu. L. ignicnlus.] 1. Flame; blaze. Ray. — 

2. In Scottish, a fire, or fireplace. Burv^. 
IN-GLo'RI-OUS, a. [L. inglorius.] 1. Not glorious ; not 

bringing honor or glory ; not accompanied with fame or 
celebrity. 2. Shameful ; disgraceful. 

IN-GLo'RI-OUS-LY, adv. With want of glory ; dishonor- 
ably ; with shame. 

IN-GLo'RI-OUS-NESS, n. State of being inglorious. Bp. 
Oauden. 

IN'GOT, n. [Fr. lingot.] A mass or wedge of gold or silver 
cast in a mold ; a mass of unwrought metal. 

IN-GRAFT', V. t. 1. To insert a cion of one tree or plant 
into another for propagation. 2. To propagate by insition. 

3. To plant or introduce something foreign into that which 
is native, for the purpose of propagation. 4. To set or fix 
deep and firm. 

IN-GRAFT'ED, pp. Inserted into a stock for growth and 
propagation ; introduced into a native stock ; set or fixed 
deep. 

IN-GRAFT'ING, ppr. Inserting, as cions in stocks ; intro- 
ducing and inserting on a native stock what is foreign ; 
fixing deep. 

TN-GRAFT'MENT, n. 1. The act of ingrafting. 2. The 
thing ingrafted. 

* IN'GRAIN, or IN-GRaIN', v. t. [in and grain.] To dye 
in the grain, or before manufacture. 

* IN'GRAINED, or IN-GRaIN'ED. (in-grand') pp. Dyed in 
the grain or in the raw material. 

*IN'GRAIN-ING, or IN-GRaIN'ING, ppr. Dyeing in the 
raw material. 

IN-GRAP'PLED, a. Grappled ; seized on; intwined. 

IN'GRATE, ) a. [L. ingratus.] 1. Ungrateful ; un- 

IN-GRaTE'FUL, <, thankful ; not having feelings of kind- 
ness for a favor received. 2. Unpleasing to the sense. 

IN'GRATE, n. [Fr. ingrat.] An ungrateful person. 

t IN-GRaTE'LY, atft;. Ungratefully. Sylvester. 

IN-GRaTE'FUL-LY, adi\ Ungratefully. 

IN-GRaTE'FUL-NESS, n. Ungratefulness. 

IN-GRa'TIAT E, (in-gra'shate) ?;. t. [1,. in and gratia.] 1. 
To commend one's self to another's good will, confidence 
or kindness. 2. To recommend ; to render easy. 

TN-GRa'TIA-TING, ppr. Commending one's self to the 
favor of another. 

IN-GRa'TIA-TING, 71. The act of commending one's self 
to another's favor. 

IN-GRAT'I-TUDE, 71. [Fr. ; in and gratitude.] 1. Want of 
gratitude or sentiments of kindness for favors received ; 
insensibility to favors, and want of a disposition to re- 
pay them; unthankfulness. 2, Retribution of evil for 
good 

t IN-GRaVE', v. t. To bury. 

IN-GRAVI-DATE, v. t. TL. gravidus.] To impregnate. 

flN-GREAT', V. t. To make great. Fatherly. 

IN-GRe'DI-ENT, 71. [Fr. ; L. ingrediens.] That which en- 
ters into a compound, or is a component part of any com- 
pound or mixture. 

IN'GRESS, 71. [L. ingressus.] 1. Entrance. 2. Power of 
entrance ; means of entering. 

IN-GRES'SION, 71. [Fr. ; L. ingressio.] The act of enter- 
ing ; entrance. Dighy. 

IN'GUI-NAL, a. [L. inguen.] Pertaining to the groin. 

IN-GULF', V. t 1. To swallow up in a vast deep, gulf or 
whirlpool. Milton. 2. To cast into a gulf. Hayward. 

TN-GULF'ED, (in-gulft') pp. Swallowed up in a gulf or vast 
deep ; cast into a gulf. 

IN-GULF'ING, ppr. Swallowing up in a gulf, whirlpool or 
vast deep. 



IN-GUR'6I-TATE, v. t. [L. ingurgito.] To swallow greed- 
ily or in great quantity. Diet. 

IN-GUR'6I-TATE, v. i. To drink larf^ely ; to swill. 

IN-GUR-6I-Ta'TION, n. The act of swallowing greedily, 
or in great quantity. Dq,rwin. 

IN-GUST'A-BLE, a. That cannot be tasted. [Little used.] 

* IN-HAB'lLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inhabilis.] 1. Not apt or fit , 
unfit ; not convenient. 2. Unskilled ; unready ; unqual - 
ified ; [little used.] See Unable. 

IN-HA-BIL'I-TY, n. Unaptness ; unfitness ; want of skill. 
[Little used.] See Inability. 

IN-HAB'IT, V. t. [L. inhabito.] To live or dwell in ; to oc- 
cupy as a place of settled residence. 

IN-HAB'IT, v. i. To dwell ; to live ; to abide. 

IN-HAB I-TA-BLE, a. 1. Habitable ; that may be inhabit- 
ed ; capable of affording habitation to animals. 2. [Fr. 
inhabitable.] Not habitable ; [obs.] Shak. 

IN-HAB'I-TANCE, n. Residence of dwellers. [L. u.] Carew. 

IN-HAB'I-TAN-CY, n. Residence ; habitancy ; permanent 
or legal residence. 

IN-HAB'I-TANT, n. 1. A dweller ; one who dwells or re- 
sides permanently in a place, or who has a fixed resi- 
dence, as distinguished from an occasional lodger or visit- 
or. 2. One who has a legal settlement in a town, city or 
parish. 

IN-HAB-I-Ta'TION, 71. 1. The act of inhabiting, or state 
of being inhabited. 2. Abode ; place of dwelling. 3. 
Population ; whole mass of inhabitants ; [little used.] 

IN-HAB'IT-ED, pp. Occupied by inhabitants, human or 
irrational. 

IN-HAB'IT-ER, n. One who inhabits ; a dweller ; an in- 
habitant. Derham. 

IN-HAB'IT-ING, ppr. Dwelling in ; occupying as a settled 
or permanent inhabitant ; residing in. 

IN-HAB'IT-RESS, n. A female inhabitant. 

IN-HaLE', v. t. [L. inhalo.] To draw into the lungs ; to 
inspire. 

IN-HaL'ED, (in-hald') pp. Drawn into the lungs. 

IN-HaL'ER, n. 1. One who inhales. — 2. In medicine, a ma- 
chine for breathing or drawing warm steam into the 
lungs, as a remedy for coughs and catarrhal complaints . 

IN-HaL'ING, ppr. Drawing into the lungs ; breathing, 

S:S^:S8n'I-€'aL, i ^' Unharmomous; discordant. 

IN-HAR-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Not harmonious ; unmusical ; dis- 
cordant. Broome. 

IN-HAR-MoiNI-OUS-LY, adv. Without harmony; dis- 
cordantly, 

IN-HeRE , V. i. [L. inhcereo.] To exist or be fixed in 
something else. 

IN-He'RENCE, } n. Existence in something ; a fixed state 

IN-He'REN-CY, ^ of being in another body or substance. 

IN-He'RENT, a. 1. Existing in something else, so as to bo 
inseparable from it. 2. Innate ; naturally pertaining to. 

IN-He'RENT-LY, adv. By inherence. Bentlcy. 

IN-HeR'ING, ppr. Existing or fixed in something else. 

IN-HER'IT, V. t. [Sp. heredar ; Fr. heriter.] 1. To take by 
descent from an ancestor ; to take by succession ; to re- 
ceive, as a right or title descendible by law from an an- 
cestor. 2. To receive by nature from a progenitor. 3 
To possess ; to enjoy ; to take as a possession, by gift. 

IN-HER'IT, v. i. To take or have possession or property. 

IN-HER'IT- A-BLE, a. 1. That may be inherited ; trans- 
missible or descendible from the ancestor to the heir. 2 
That may be transmitted from the parent to the child. 3 
Capable of taking by inheritance, or of receiving by 
descent. 

IN-HER'IT-A-BLY, adv. By inheritance. Sherwood. 

IN-HER'IT-ANCE, n. 1. An estate derived from an ances- 
tor to an heir by succession. 2, The reception of an 
estate by hereditary right, or the descent by which an 
estate or title is cast on the heir. 3. The estate or pos- 
session which may descend to an heir, though it has not 
descended. 4. An estate given or possessed by donation 
or divine appropriation 5. That which is possessed or 
enjoyed. 

IN-HER'IT-ED, pp. Received by descent from an ancestor, 



IN-HER'IT-ING, ppr. Taking by succession or right of rep- 
resentation ; receiving from ancestors ; possessing. 

IN-HER'IT-OR, 71. An heir ; one who inherits or may in- 
herit. 

IN-HER'I-TRESS, ) 71. An heiress; a female who inherits, 

IN-HER'I-TRIX, S or is entitled to inherit, after the 
death of her ancestor. 

IN-HERSE', (in-hers') v. t. [in and herse.] To inclose in a 
funeral monument, Shak. 

IN-He'SION, 71. [1.. inhoBsio.] Inherence; the state of ex- 
isting or being fixed in something, 

t IN-HI-a'TION, 71, [L, inhiatio.] A gaping after; eager 
desire, 

IN-HIB'IT, v. t. [Fr. inhiber ; L. inhibeo.] 1. To restrain 
to hinder ; to check or repress. 2. To forbid ; to prohibit ; 
to interdict. 



• See Synopsis A, £, I, 0, ©, "?, long — FAR, FA.LL, WH>«k.T ,— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— t Obsolete 



INJ 



INL 



tN-HIB'IT-fiD, pp. Restrained ; forbid. 

IN-HIB'IT-ING, ppr. Restraining ; repressing ; prohibiting. 

JN-HI-BI"TION, n. [Ft. ; L. inhibitio.] 1. Prohibition ; 
restraint ; embargo.— 2. In law, a writ to forbid or inhibit 
a judge from farther proceedings in a cause depending 
before him. 

IN-HoLD', V. t. ; pret. and pp. inheld. To have inherent j 
to contain in itself. [Little used.] Raleigh. 

t IN-HoLD'ER, n. An inhabitant. Spenser. 

IN-HOOP', V. t. To confine or inclose in any place. 

IN-HOS'PI-TA-BLE, a. 1. Not hospitable ; not disposed to 
entertain strangers gratuitously. 2. Affording no con- 
veniences, subsistence or shelter to strangers. Vryden. 

IN-HOS'PI-TA-BLY, adv. Unkindly to strangers. Milton. 

IN-HOS PI-TA-BLE-NESS, ) n. Want of hospitality or 

IN-HOS-PI-TAL'I-TY, \ kindness to strangers. 

IN-Hu'MANj a. [Fr. inhumain ; L. inhumanus.'] 1. Desti- 
tute of the kindness and tenderness that belong to a hu- 
man being ; cruel ; barbarous ; savage ; unfeeling. 2. 
Marked with cruelty. 

IN-HU-MAN I-TY, n. [Fr. inhumanite.] 1, Cruelty in dis- 
position ; savageness of heart. 2. Cruelty in act ; bar- 
barity. 

IN-Hu'MAN-LY, adv. With cruelty ; barbarously. Swift. 

IN-HD'MATE, J tj. t. [Fr inhumer ; lu. inhumo.] 1. To 

IN-HuME', ) bury ; to inter ; to deposit in the eartii, 
as a dead body. 2. To digest in a vessel surrounded with 
warm earth. 

IN-HU-MaTION, 71. 1. The act of burying; interment.— 
2. In chemistry, a method of digesting substances by bury- 
ing the vessel containing them in warm earth, or a like 
substance. 

IN-HuM'ED, (in-humd') pp. Buried ; interred. 

IN-HuM'ING, ppr. Burying ; interring. 

IN-IM-A6'IN-A-BLE, a. Unimaginab inconceivable. 
Pearson. 

* IN-IM'I-eAL, a. [L. inimicus.] 1. Unfriendly ; having 
the disposition or temper of an enemy. 2. Adverse ; hurt- 
ful ; repugnant. Ward. 

IN-IM-I-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being incapable 
of imitation. JVorris. 

IN-IM'I-TA-BLE, a. [Fr.; L. inimitdbilis.] That cannot be 
imitated or copied ; surpassing imitation. 

IN-IM'I-TA-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be imitated ; 
to a degree beyond imitation. Broome. 

IN-ia'UI-TOUS, a. Unjust ; wicked. 

IN-IQ,'UI-TY, n. [Fr. iniquite ; L. iniquitas.] 1. Injustice ; 
unrighteousness ; a deviation from rectitude. 2. Want 
of rectitude in principle. 3. A particular deviation from 
rectitude ; a sin or crime ; wickedness ; any act of injus- 
tice. 4. Original want of holiness. 

tIN-ia'U-OUS, a. Unjust. 

IN-IR-RI-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being inirrita- 
ble, or not susceptible of contraction by excitement. 

IN-IR'RI-TA-BLE, a. Not irritable ; not susceptible of irri- 
tation, or contraction by excitement. 

IN-IR'RI-TA-TlVE, a. Not accompanied with excitement. 

t IN-lSLE', (in-Ile') v. t. To sun-ound ; to encircle. 

IN-I"TIAL, a. [Fr. ; L. miiiaZis.] 1. Beginning; placed at 
the beginning. 2. Beginning ; incipient. 

IN-I'TIAL, n. The first letter of a name. 

IN-i"TIAL-LY, adv. In an incipient degree. Barrow. 

IN-I"TIATE, v. t. [Low L. initio.] 1. To instruct in rudi- 
ments or principles ; or to introduce into any society or 
sect by instructing the candidate in its principles or cere- 
monies. 2. To introduce into a new state or society. 3. 
To instruct ; to acquaint with. 4. To begin upon. 

IN-I"TIATE, V. i. To do the first act ; to perform the first 
rite. Pope. 

IN-i"TIATE, a. 1. Unpracticed. 2. Begun ; commenced. 

IN-I"TIATE, n. One who is initiated. J. Barlow. 

IN-1"TIA-TED, pp. Instructed in the first principles ; en- 
tered. 

IN-i 'TIA-TING, ppr. Introducing by instruction, or by ap- 
propriate ceremonies. 

IN-I-TI-A'TION, n. [L. initiatio.] 1. The act or process of 
introducing one into a new society, by instructing him in 
its principles, rules or ceremonies. 2. The act or process 
of making one acquainted with principles before un- 
known. 3. Admission by application of ceremonies or 
use of symbols. 

IN-I"TIA-TO-RY, a. Initiating or serving to initiate ; in- 
troducing by instruction, or by the use and application of 
symbols or ceremonies. 

IN-l"TIA-TO-RY, 71. Introductory rite. L. Addison. 

tIN-I"TION,n. Beginning. Maunton. 

IN-JE€T', V. t. [L. injectus.] 1. To throw in ; to dart in. 
2. To cast or throw on. 

IN-JECT'ED, pp. Thrown in or on. 

fN-JE€T'lNG, ppr. Throwing in or on 

IN-JEC'TION, 71. TFr.; L. ivjectio,] 1. The act of throw- 
ing in, particulai-i/ that of throwing a liquid medicine 
into the body by a tyringe or pipe. 2. A liquid medicine 
thrown into the body by a syringe or pipe j a clyster. — 3. 



in anatomy, the act of filling the vessels of an animal body 
with some colored substance, in order to render visible 
their figures and ramifications 

IN-JOIN'. See Enjoin. 

IN-JU-€UND'I-TY, 71. [L. injucunditas.] Unpleasantness; 
disagreeableness. [Little used.] 

IN-JU'DI-€A-BLE, a. Not cognizable by a judge. [L. u.] 

IN-JU-Dl"CIAL, a. Not according to the forms of law. 

IN-JU-Dl"CIOUS, a. 1. Notjudicous; void of judgment; 
acting without judgment ; unwise. 2. Not according to 
sound judgment or discretion ; unwise. 

IN-JU-Dl"CIOUS-LY, adv. Without judgment ; unwisely. 

IN-JU-D1"CI0US-NESS, n. The quality of being injudi- 
cious or unwise. Whitlock. 

IN-JUNCTION, n. [L. injunctio.] 1. A command; or- 
der ; precept , the direction of a superior vested with au- 
thority. 2. Urgent advice or exhortation of persons not 
vested with absolute authority to command. — 3. In law, 
a writ or order of the court of chancery, directed to an infe- 
rior court, or to parties and their counsel, directing them 
to stay proceedings, or to do some act, as to put the plain- 
tiffin possession for want of the defendant's appearance, 
to stay waste or other injury, &.c. 

IN'JURE, V. t. [Fr. injure.] I. To hurt or wound, as the 
person ; to impair soundness. 2. To damage or lessen the 
value of. 3. To slander, tarnish or impair. 4. To im- 
pair or diminish ; to annoy. 5. To give pam to ; to 
grieve. 6. To impair, as the intellect or mind. 7. To 
hurt or waken. 8. To impair ; to violate. 9. To make 
worse. — } ). In general, to wrong the person, to damage 
the property, or to lessen the happiness of ourselves or 
others. 

IN'JURED, pp. Hurt; wounded; damaged; impaired; 
weakened ; made worse. 

IN'JUR-ER, 71. One who injures or wrongs. 

IN'JUR-ING, ppr. Hurting; damaging; impauring; weak- 
enijig ; rendering worse. 

IN-Ju'RI-OUS, a. [L. injurius.] I. Wrongful ; unjust ; 
hurtful to the rights of another. 2, Hurtful to the person 
or health. 3. Affecting with damage or loss. 4. Mis- 
chievous ; hurtful. 5. Lessening or tarnishing reputa- 
tion. 6. Detractory; contumelious; hurting reputation. 

IN-Ju'RI-OUS-LY, adv. Wrongfully ; hurtfully ; with in- 
justice ; mischievously. 

IN-JuTvI-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being injurious or 
hurtful ; injury. 

IN'JU-RY, n. [L. injuria.] 1. In general, any wrong or 
damage done to a man's person, rights, reputation or 
goods. 2. Mischief; detriment. 3. Any diminution of 
that which is good, valuable or advantageous. 

IN-JUS'TlCE, 71. [Fr.; L. injustitia.] 1. Iniquity ; wrong; 
any violation of^ another's rights. 2. The withholding 
from another merited praise, or ascribing to him unmerit- 
ed blame. 

INK, 71. [Ii.inkt;'Fx. encre.] I. A black liquor or substance 
used for writing. 2. Any liquor used for writing or form- 
ing letters, as red ink, &c. 3. A pigment. 

INK, V. t. To black or daub with ink. 

INK'HORN, 71. [ink and horn.] 1. A small vessel used to 
hold ink. 2. A portable case for the instruments of writ- 
ing. 

t INK'HORN, a. A reproachful epithet, meaning affected, 
pedantic or pompous. Bale. 

INK'I-NESS, 71. The state or quality of being inky 

IN'KLE, 7?. A kind of narrow fillet ; tape. Shak. 

INK'LING , 71. A hint or whisper ; an intimation. [L. «.] 

INK'Ma-KER, n. One whose occupation is to make ink 

IN-KNOT', (in-nof) v. t. To bind as with a knot. 

INK'STAND, 7i. A vessel for holding ink. 

INK'-STONE, n. A kind of small round stone used In 
making ink. Encijc. 

INK'Y, a. 1. Consisting of ink ; resembling ink ; blacls 
2. Tarnished or blackened with ink. 

IN-LaCE'j v. t. To embellish with variegations, 

IN-LaID', pp. of inlay, which see. 

IN'LAND, a. I. Interior ; remote from the sea. 2. With 
in land ; remote from the ocean. 3. Carried on within a 
country ; domestic, not foreign. 4. Confined to a court- 
try ; drawn and payable in the same country. 

IN'LAND, n. The interior part of a country. Mlton. 

IN'LAND-ER, n. One who lives in the interior of a coun- 
try, or at a distance from the sea. Brown. 

IN-LAND'ISH, a. Denoting something inland ; native. 

IN-LAP'I-DATE, v. t. To convert into a stony substance ; 
to petrify. [Little used.] Bacon. 

IN-LAY', V. t.; pret. and pp. inlaid. To veneer ; to diversi- 
fy cabinet or other work by laying in thin slices of fine 
wood. 

IN'LAY, 71. Matter or pieces of wood inlaid. Mlton. 

IN-LaY'ER, n. The person who inlays. 

IN-La Y'ING, vpr The operation of diversifying or orna- 
menting work wiih thin pieces of wood. 

IN-LAW, V. t. To clear of outlawry or attainder. 

IN'LET, 71. 1. A passage or opening l)y which an inclosed 



5£C Sv?iopsw MOVE, BQQK, DOVE H-BULL. UNITE.— € ati K ; G-as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH aslu this f Obsolete 



INN 



454 



INO 



place may be entered ; place of ingress ; entrance. 2. A 
bay or recess in the shore of the sea or of a lake or large 
river, or between isles. 

IN LIM'I-NE. [L.J At the threshold 3 at the beginning or 
outset. 

IN-LIST', V. i. To enter into military service by signing 
articles and receiving a sum of money. 

IN-LIST', V. t. To engage or procure to enter into military 
service. See Enlist. 

IN-LIST'ED, pp. Engaged in military service. 

IN-LIST'ING, ppr. Entering or engaging in military ser- 
vice. 

TN-LIST'MENT, 71. 1. The act of inlisting. Marshall. 2. 
The writing containing the terms of military service, 
and a list of names of those who enter into the service. 

1N-L0€K', ?j. t. To lock or inclose one thing within an- 
other 

IN'LY, 0. [in and like.] Internal ; interior ; secret. Shak. 

IN'LY, adv. IntemaUy; within 3 in the heart; secretly. 
JiRlton. 

IN'MATE, 71. [in or inn, and mate.] 1. A person who 
lodges or dwells in the same house with another. 2. A 
lodger ; one who lives with a family. 

IN'MATE, a. Admitted as a dweller. Milton. 

IN'MoST, a. [in and most.] Deepest within 3 remotest from 
the surface or external part. Addison. 

INN, 71. [Sax. inn.] 1. A house for the lodging and enter- 
tainment of travelers. In America, it is often a tavern, 
where liquors are furnished to travelers or others. — 2. In 
England, SiCci^Xege of municipal or common law professors 
and students —77t7t^ 0/ court, colleges in which students 
of law reside and are instructed. The principal are the 
Inner Temple, the Middle Temple, Lincoln's Inn, and 
Gray's Inn. — /titi^ o/c/toTicer?/, colleges in which young 
students formerly began their law studies. 

INN-HoLD'ER, n. [inn and hold.] 1. A person who 
keeps an inn or house for the entertainment of travel- 
ers ; also, a taverner. 2. An inhabitant 3 [obs.] Spenser. 

INN'KEEP-ER, 71. [inn and keep.] An inuholder. In 
America, the innkeeper is often a tavernkeeper or tavern- 
er, as well as an innkeeper. 

INN, V. i. To take up lodging ; to lodge. Donne. 

INN, V. t. To house 3 to put under cover. Bacon. 

IN'NATE, a. [L. innMus.] Inborn 3 native 3 natural. £71- 
cyc. 

t IN'NA-TED, for innate. 

IN NATE-LY, adv. Naturally. 

IN'NATE-NESS, n. The quality of being innate. 

IN-NAV'I-GA-BLE, a. [L. innavigabilis.] That cannot 
be navigated ; impassable by ships or vessels. Dryden. 

IN'NER, a. [from in.] 1. Interior 3 farther inward than 
something else. 2. Interior ; internal 3 not outward. 

IN'NER-LY, adv. More within. Barret. 

IN'NER-MoST, a. Farthest inward 3 most remote from the 
outward part. Prov. xviii. 

IN-NERVE', (in-nerv') v. t. [in and nerve.] To give nerve 
to ; to invigorate ; to strengthen. Dwight. 

IN'NING, 71. 1. The ingathering of grain. 2. A term in 
cricket, a turn for using the bat. 

INN'INGS, 71. Lands recovered from the sea. 

IN'NO-CENCE, I n. [Fr, ; L. innocentia.] 1. Properly, 

IN'NO-CEN-CY, \ freedom from any quality that can in- 
jure ; innoxiousness 3 harmlessness. — 2. In s. moral sense, 
freedom from crime, sin or guilt : untainted purity of 
heart and life; unimpaired integrity. 3. Freedom from 
guilt or evil intentions ; simplicity of heart. 4. Freedom 
from the guilt of a particular sin or crime. 5. The state 
of being lawfully conveyed to a belligerent, or of not be- 
ing contraband. 

IN'NO-CENT, a. [Fr. 3 L. innocens.] I. Properly, not 
noxious ; not producing injury ; free from qualities that 
can injure ; harmless ; innoxious. 2. Free from guilt ; 
not liaving done wrong or violated any law ; not tainted 
with sin ; pure ; upright. 3. Free from the guilt of a par- 
ticular crime or evil action. 4. Lawful ; permitted. 5. 
Not contraband ; not subject to forfeiture. 

IN'NO-CENT, n. 1. One free from guilt or harm. Shak. 2. 
A natural ; an idiot ; [unusual.] Hooker. 

IN'NO-CENT-LY, adv. 1. Without harm ; without incur- 
ring guilt. 2. With simplicity ; without evil design. 3. 
Without incurring a forfeiture or penalty. 

IN-NO€'U-OUS, a. [L. innocnus.] Harmless; safe; pro- 
ducing no ill effect ; innocent. 

IN-NOe'U-OUS-IiY, adv. Without harm ; without injuri- 
ous effects. 

IN-NOeU-OUS-NESS, n. Harmlessness; the quality of 
being destitute of mischievous qualities or effects. Digby. 

IN-NOM'I-NA-BLE, a. Not to be named. Chaucer. 

IN-NOM'I-NATE, a. Having no name ; anonymous. 

IN'NO-VATE, V. t. [Fr. innover ,• L. innovo.] 1. To change 
or alter by introducing something new. 2. To bring in 
something new. 

IN'NO-VATE, r. i. To introduce novelties ; to make 
changes in any thing established. 



IN'NO-VA-TED, pp. Changed by the introduction of some- 
thing new. 

IN'NO-VA-TING, ppr. Introducing novelties. 

IN-NO-Va'TION, 71. Change made by the introduction of 
something new; change in established laws, customs, 
rites or practices. 

IN'NO-VA-TOR, 71. 1. An introducer of changes. 2. One 
who introduces something new. South. 

IN-NOX'IOUSj a. [L. innoxius.] 1. Free from mischiev- 
ous qualities ; innocent ; harmless. 2. Not producing 
evil ; harmless in effects. 3. Free from crime 3 pure 3 in- 
nocent. 

IN-NOX'IOQS-LY, odTJ. 1. Harmlessly 3 without mischief 
2. Without harm suffered. Broxon. 

IN-NOXIOUS-NESS, 71. Harmlessness. Tooke. 

IN-N(J-END'0, 71. [L. innuo.] 1. An oblique hint ; are- 
mote intimation or reference to a person or thing not 
named. — 2. In law, a word used to point out the precise 
person. 

IN'NU-ENT, a. [L. innuens.] Significant. Burton. 

IN-NU-MER-A-BIL'I-TY, or IN-NU'MER-A-BLE-NESS, 
n. State of being innumerable. Fotherby. 

IN-Nu'MER-A-BLE, a. [L. innumerabilis.] 1. Not to be 
counted ; that cannot be enumerated or numbered for 
multitude. — 2. In a loose sense, very numerous. 

IN-NU'MER-A-BLY, adv. Without number. 

IN-Nu'MER-OUS, a. [L.innumerus.] Too many to be count- 
ed or numbered ; innumerable. Pope. 

IN-NU-TRi "TION, n. [in and nutrition.] Want of nutri- 
tion ; failure of nourishment. Darwin. 

IN-NU-TRl"TIOUS, a. Not nutritious ; not supplying 
nourishment ; not nourishing. Darwin. 

IN-0-BE'DI-ENCE, 7i. Disobedience ; neglect of obedi 
ence._ 

IN-0-Be'DI-ENT, a. Not yielding obedience 3 neglecting 
to obey. 

IN-OB-SERV'A-BLE, a. That cannot be seen or observed 

IN-OB-SERV'ANCE, n. Want of observance 3 neglect of 
observing 3 disobedience. Bacon. 

IN-OB-SERV'ANT, a. Not taking notice. Beddoes. 

IN-OB-SER-VaTION, 7i. Neglect or want of observation 

IN-Oe'U-LATE. V. t. [L. inoculo.] 1. To bud 3 to insert 
the bud of a tree or plant in another tree or plant, for the 
purpose of growth on the new stock. 2. To communi 
cate a disease to a person by inserting infectious matte* 
in his skin or flesh. 

IN-0€'U-LATE, v. i. To propagate by budding 3 to prac 
tice inoculation. 

IN-0€'U-LA-TED, pp. 1. Budded. 2. Inserted in anothe 
stock, as a bud. 3. Infected by inoculation with a pai 
ticular disease. 

IN-OC'U-LA-TING, ppr. 1. Budding 5 propagating by wa 
serting a bud on another stock. 2. Infecting by inocula 
tion. 

IN-0€MJ-La'TION, n. [L. inoculatio.] I. The act or prac- 
tice of inserting buds cf one plant under the bark of an- 
other for propagation. 2. The act or practice of commu- 
nicating a disease to a person in health, by inserting con- 
tagious matter in his skin or flesh. 

IN-0€'U-LA-T0R, n. A person who inoculates ; one who 
propagates plants or diseases bv inoculation. 

flN-O'DI-ATE, v.t. To make hateful. South. 

IN-O'DO-RATE, a. Having no scent or odor. 

IN-o'DO-ROUS,a. [L. inod.orus.] Wanting scent ; having 
no smell. Arbutknot. 

IN-OF-FENS'IVE, a. 1. Giving no offense or provocation. 

2. Giving no uneasiness or disturbance. 3. Harmless ; 
doing no injury or mischief. 4. Not obstructing; pre- 
senting no hinderance. 

IN-OF-FENS'IVE-LY, adv. Without giving offense ; with- 
out harm ; in a manner not to offend. 

IN-OF-FENS'IVE-NESS, 71. Harmlessness ; the quality 
of being not offensive either to tlxe senses or to the 
mind. 

IN-OF-FI'CIAL, fl. Not official; not proceeding from the 
proper officer ; not clothed with the usual forms of au- 
thority, or not done in an official character. 

IN-OF-FI"CIAL-LY, adv. Without the usual forms, or not 
in the official character. 

IN-OF-Fl"CIOLrS, a. 1. Unkind 3 regardless of natural ob- 
ligation 5 contrary to natural duty. 2. Unfit for an office 

3. Not civil or attentive. 

t IN-OP-ER-a'TION, 71. Agency; influence 3 production 
of effects. Bp. Hall. 

IN-OP'ER-A-TIVE, a. Not operative 3 not active 3 having 
no operation; producing no effect. 

flN-OP'IN-ATE, o. [L. inopinatus.] Not expected. 

IN-OP-POR-TuNE', a. [L. inopportumis.] Not opportune . 
inconvenient ; unseasonable in time. 

IN-OP-POR-TuNE'LY, adv. Unseasonably 3 at an incon- 
venient time. 

IN-OP-PRESS'IVE, a. Not oppressive ; not burdensome. 

IN-OP'U-LENT, a. Not opulent ; not wealthy. 

IN-OR'DI-NA-CY, n. Deviation from order or rule pre- 



* Sf-e Synopsis A, E. T. 5, tJ, Y, long.—Fk-R, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



INS 



455 



INS 



?crilM;d ; irregularity ; disorder j excess or want of mod- 
eration. 

IX-OR'DI-XATE, a. [L. inordinatus.'] Irregular ; disor- 
derly ; excessive ; immoderate j not limited to rules pre- 
scribed, or to usual bounds. 

IX-OR'DI-NATE-LY, adv. Irregularly ; excessively ; im- 
moderately. Skelton. 

JN-OR'DI-NATE-KESS, v. Deviation from order; excess ; 
veant of moderation ; inordinacy. 

I N-OR-DI-NaTION, n. Irregularity; deviation from rule 
or right. South 

IN-OR-GAiV'I€, ) a. Devoid of organs ; not formed 

IN-OR-GAN'I-€AL, j with the orgzms or instruments of 
life. 

IN-OR-GAN'I-CAL-LY, adv. Without organs. 

IN-ORGAN-lZED, a. Not having organic stmcture ; void 
of organs; as earths, metals and other minerals. 

IN-OS'€U-LATE, v. i. [L. in and osculatiis.] In anatomy, 
to unite by apposition or contact ; to unite, as two vessels 
at their extremities. 

IN-OS'€U-LATE, V. t. To unite, as two vessels in an ani- 
mal body. 

IX-OS'€U-LA-TING, ppr. Uniting, as the extremities of 
two vessels. 

IN-OS-€U-La'TION, n. The union of two vessels of an 
animal body at their extremities, by means of which a 
communication is maintained ; anastomosy. 

IN'aUEST, n. [Fr. enquete.] 1. Inquisition ; judicial in- 
quiry ; official examination. 2. A iury. 3. Inquiry ; 

t IN-aui ET, V. t. To disturb ; to trouble, 
t IX-QUI-ET-A'TION, 71. Disturbance. 
IN-aUl'E-TUDE, 71. [Fr. ; L. inqtiietudo.] Disturbed state ; 

want of quiet; restlessness; uneasiness, either of body or 

mind ; disquietude. 
IN-aUI-NATE, V. t. [L. inquino.] To defile ; to pollute ; 

to contaminate. [Little used.] Broicn. 
IlN-aUI-NA TION,' n. The act of defiling, or state of being 

defiled ; pollution ; corruption. [Little used,] Bacon. 
IN-Q,UlR'A-BLE, a. That may be inquiied into ; subject to 

inquisition or inquest. Bacon . 
IN-CiUlRE', V. i. [Fr. enquerir ; Sp. inquirir ; L. inquire] 

1. To ask a question ; to seek for truth or information by 
asking questions. 2. To seek for truth by argument or 
the discussion of questions, or by investigation. — To in- 
quire into, to make excimination ; to seek for particular in- 
formation. 

IN-QUiRE', V. t. To ask about ; to seek by asking. 

IN-aUlR'ENT, a. Making inquiry. 

IN-Q.UIR'ER, 71. One who asks a question ; one who inter- 
rogates ; one who searches or examines ; one who seeks 
for knowledge or information. 

IX-Q.UlR'ING, ppr. Seeking for infonnation by asking 
questions ; asking ; questioning ; interrogating ; examin- 
ing. 

IN-Q,Ul'RY, 11. [N^orm. enquerre.] 1. The act of inquir- 
ing ; a seeking for information by asking questions : in- 
terrogation. 2. Search for truth, information or knowl- 
edge ; research ; examination into facts or principles. 

IN-aUI-Sl"TION, 7?. [Fr.; L. inquisitio.] I. Inquuy ; ex- 
amination ; a searching or search. 2. Judicial inquiry ; 
official examination ; inquest. 3. Examination ; discus- 
sion. 4, In some Catholic countries, a court or tribunal 
established for the examination and punishment of here- 
tics. 

IN-Q,UI-Sl"TION-AL, a. Making inquiry ; busy in inquiry. 

IN-aUISI-TlVE, a. 1. Apt to ask questions ; addicted to 
inquiry ; inclined to seek information by questions. 2. In- 
clined to seek knowledge by discussion, investigation or 
observation ; given to research. 

IX-Q.UIS'1-TiVE, 7!. A person who is inquisitive ; one cu- 
rious in research. Temple. 

IX-ams'I-TlVE-LY, adi;. With curiosity to obtain infor- 
mation ; with scrutiny. 

[X-aUIS'I-TlVE-XESS, 71. The disposition to obtain in- 
formation ; curiosity to learn what is not known. 

IX-CIUIS'I-TOR, 72. '[L.] 1. One who inquires ; par tiai- 
larhj, one whose official duty it is to inquire and examine. 

2. A member of the court of inquisition in Catholic coun- 
tries. 

IX-QUIS-I-T6'RI-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to inquisition. 2. 
Pertaining to the Catholic court of inquisition. 

IX-aUIS-I-To'RI-OUS, a. Making strict inquir)'. Milton. 

IX-RaIL', v. t. To rail in ; to inclose with rails. Qay. 

IX-RaIL ED, (in-rald') pp. Inclosed witli rails. 

IX-RaIL'IXG, ppr. Inclosing with rails. 

IX-REG'IS-TER, V. t. [Fr. enregistrer.] To register ; to re- 
cord ; to enter in a register. Walsh. 

IX^'RoAD, n. I. The entrance of an enemy into a country 
with purposes of hostility ; a sudden or desultory incur- 
sion or invasion. 2. Attack ; encroachment. 

IN-SaFE'TY, 77. Want of safety. [III.] JVaunton. 

IN-SA-LU'BRI-OUS, a. Not salubrious ; not healthful ; un- 
favorable to health ; unwholesome. 



IX-SA-LC'BRI-TY, 71. Want of salubrity ; unhealtWul- 

ness ; unwholesomeness. 
IX-SAL'U-TA-RY, a. 1 Not salutary; not favorable to 

health or soundness. 2. Not tending to safety ; produc 

tive of evil. 
IN-SAN'A-BLE, a. [L. insanahilis.] Incurable ; that can 

not be healed. Johnson. 
IX-SaXE', a. [L. insamis.'j 1 . Unsound in mind or in 

tellect ; mad ; deranged m mind ; delirious ; distracted 

2. Used by or appropriated to insane persons. 
IX^-SaXE', n. An insane person. 
IX-SaXE'LY, adv. Madly ; foolishly ; without reason 
IX-SaXE'XESS, ) n. The state of being unsound in mind ; 
IX-SAX'I-TY, ) derangement of intellect ; madness. 

f IX-SAPO-RY, a. Tasteless ; wanting flavor. 

IN-Sa'TIA-BLE, (in-sa'sha-bl) a. [Fr.; L. insatiahilis.] 
Incapable of being satisfied or appeased; very greedy. 

IN-Sa'TIA-BLE-NESS, (in-sa'sha-bl-nes) n. Greediness 
of appetite that cannot be satisfied or appeased. 

IN-Sa'TIA-BLY, (in-sa'sha-bly) adv. With greediness not 
to be satisfied. South. 

IX-Sa'TIATE, (in-sa'shate) a. [L. iiisaUatus.] Not to be 
satisfied ; insatiable. Philips. 

IX-Sa'TIATE-LY, adv. So greedily as not to be satis- 
fied. 

IX"-SA-Ti'E-TY, 71. Insatiableness. Granger. 

IN-SAT-IS-F ACTION, n. Want of satisfection. Bacon. 

IX-SAT'U-RA-BLE, a. [L. insaturabilis.] Xot to be satu- 
rated, filled or glutted. Johiison. 

IX^-SCiEXCE, n. Ignorance; want of knowledge. 

IX-S€RTBE', v.t. [L. inscrlbo.] 1. To write on; to en- 
grave on for perpetuity or duration. 2. To imprint on. 

3. To assign or address to ; to commend to by a short ad- 
dress. 4. To mark with letters, characters or words. 5 
To draw a figure within another. 

IX-S€RlB'ED, (in-skribd') pp. Written on ; engraved ; 
marked ; addressed. 

IX-S€RiB'ER, n. One who inscribes. Pownall. 

IX-S€RlBIXG, ppr. Writing on ; engraving; marking; 
addressing. 

m-S€RIP'TIOX, n. [Fr. ; L. inscriptio.] 1. Something 
written or engraved to communicate knowledge to after 
ages ; any character, word, line or sentence written or 
engraved on a solid substance for duration. 2. A title. 
3. An address or consignment of a book to a person. 

m-S€RIP'TIVE, a. Bearing inscription. 

IX-S€RoLL', v. t. To write on a scroll. Shak. 

IX-S€RU-TA-BIL'I-TY, or IX-S€RU'TA-BLE-NESS, n. 
The quality of being inscrutable. 

IN-S€RU TA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inscrutabilis.] 1. Unsearch- 
able ; that cannot be searched into and understood by 
inquiry or study. 2. That cannot be penetrated, discov- 
ered or understood by human reason. 

IN-S€Ru'TA-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree not to be 
found out or understood. 

IX-S€ULP', v.t. [L. insculpo.] To engrave; to carve. 

IX-S€ULP'TIOX, 71. Inscription. [L. u.] Taumeur. 

IN-S€ULPT'URE, n. An engraving ; sculpture. Shak. 

IX'^-SeAM', v. t. To impress or maik with a seam or cica- 
trix. 

flX-SEARCH', (in-serch') v. t. To make search. Elyot. 

IX-SE€'A-BLE, a. [L. insecaUlis.\ That cannot be divided 
by a cutting instrument ; indivisible. 

IX''SE€T, 71. [L. insecta.] I. In zoology, ^. small invertebral 
animal, breathing by lateral spiracles, and furnished with 
articulated extremities and movable antenncc. 2. Any 
thins small or contemptible. 

IX SE€T, a. Small ; mean ; contemptible. 

IN-SE€-Ta'TOR, 7?. [L.] A persecutor. [Little used.] 

IX-SE€T'ED, a. Havmg the nature of an insect. 

IX-SE€T'iLE, a. Having the nature of insects. 

f IX-SE€T'ILE, 77. An insect. Wotton. 

IX-SE€'TI0X, n. A cutting in ; incisure ; incision. 

IX-SE€-TIV'0-ROUS, a. [insect, and L. vorc] Feeding or 
subsisting on insects. Diet. JYat. Hist. 

tlX^-SEe-TOL'O-GER, 77. One who studies insects. 

IX^-SE-CuRE', a. 1. X'^ot secure ; not safe ; not confident of 
safety. 2. Xot safe ; not effectually guEirded or protected ; 
unsafe ; exposed to danger or loss. 

IX-SE-€uRE'LY, adv. Without security or safety. 

IX-SE-etJ'RI-TY, 77. 1. Want of safety, or want of confi- 
dence in safety. 2. Uncertainty. 3. Want of safety ; 
danger J hazard ; exposure to destruction or loss. 

IN-SE'-Cu'TIOX^, 77. [L. insecutio.] Pursuit. Chapman. 

IX-SEM'I-NATE, v. t. [L. inseminc] To sow. [L. u.] 

IN-SEM-I-X'^a'TION, 71. The act of sowing. [Little used.] 

IN-SENS'ATE, a. [Fr. i7i5e7J^e.] Destitute of sense; stu- 
pid; foolish; wanting sensibility. Milton. 

t IX"^-SENSE', V. t. To instruct ; to inform ; to make to un- 
derstand. 

IN-SENS-I-BIL'I-TY, v. 1. Want of sensibility, or the 
power of feeling or perceiving. 2. Want of the power to 
be moved or affected ; want of tenderness or susceptibility 
of emotion and passion. 3. Dullness ; stupidity ; torpor 



* See Synopai^^ MOVE, BQQK, DoVE j—BULL, UNITE— € as K j 6 as J 3 S as Z ; CH as SH i TH as in «Ais t ObaoletA 



INS 



456 



INS 



tN-SENST-BLE, a. [Pr., Sp., from L. in and sensusA 1. 
Imperceptible 3 that cannot be felt or perceived. 2. Des- 
titute of the power of feeling or perceiving j wanting cor- 
poreal sensibility. 3. Not susceptible of emotion or pas- 
sion ; void of feeling ; wanting tenderness. 4. Dull ; 
stupid; torpid. 5. Void of sense or meaning. Hale. 

IN-SENS'I-BLE-NESS, n. Want of sensibility . 

IN-SENS'I-BLY, adv. 1. Imperceptibly; in a manner not 
to be felt or perceived by the senses. Addison. 2. By 
slow degrees ; gradually. 

IN-SEN'TIENT, a. Not having perception. 

IN-SEP'A-RA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inseparabilis.] That can- 
not be separated or disjoined ; not to be parted. 

IN-SEP'A-RA-BLE-NESS, ) n. The quality of being insep- 

IN-SEP-A-RA-BIL I-TY, \ arable, or incapable of dis- 
junction. 

[N-SEP'A-RA-BLY, adv. In a manner that prevents 
separation ; with indissoluble union. Temple. 

f- IN-SEP'A-RATE, a. Not separate. 

f IN-SEP'A-RATE-LY, adv. So as not to be separated. 

[N-SERT'j V. t. [Fr. inserer ,• L. insero.'\ Literally, to thrust 
in ; hence, to set in or among. 

IN-SERT'ED, pp. Set in or among. 

IN-SERT'ING, ppr. Setting in or among. 

i;N-SER'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. insertio.] 1. The act of setting 
or placing in or among other things. 2. The thing insert- 
ed. 

f IN-SERVE', v. t. [L. inservio.] To be of use to an end. 

IN-SERV'I-ENT, a. Conducive. 

IN-SET', v. t. To infix or implant. Chaucer. 

IN-SHaD'ED, a. Marked with different shades. 

IN-SHELL', V. t. To hide in a shell. Shak. 

IN-SHEL'TER, V. i. To shelter. Shak. 

IN-SHIP', V. t. To ship ; to embark. Shak. 

IN-SHRlNE'. See Enshrine. 

IN'SIDE, 71. [in and side.] The interior part of a thing; in- 
ternal part ; opposed to outside. 

IN-SID'I-ATE, V. t. [L. insidior.'] To lie in ambush for. 

IN-SID'I-A-TOR, 71. One who lies in ambush. Barrow. 

*IN-SID'I-OUS, a. {li.insidiosus.] 1. Properly, lying in wait ; 
htnce, watching an opportunity to insnare or entrap ; de- 
ceitful ; sly ; treacherous. 2, Intended to entrap. 

*IN-SIDI-OUS-LY, adv. With intention to insnare ; deceit- 
fully ; treacherously ; with artifice or stratagem. 

*IN-SID'I-OUS-NESS, n. A watching for an opportunity to 
insnare ; deceitfulness ; treachery. Barrow. 

IN'SlGHT, (in'slte) n. [in and sight.] Sight or view of the 
interior of any thing ; deep inspection or view ; intro- 
spection; thorough knowledge or skill. Spectator. 

IN-SIG'NI-A, n. [L. plu.] 1. Badges or distinguishing marks 
of ofllce or honor. Burke. 2. Marks, signs, or visible im- 
pressions, by which any thing is known. 

IN-SIG-NIF'I-€ANCE, ; n. 1. Want of significance or 

IN-SIG-NIF'I-€AN-CY, \ meaning. 2. Unimportance ; 
want of force or effect. 3. Want of weight ; meanness. 

IN-SIG-NIF'I-CANT, a. 1. Void of signification ; destitute 
of meaning. 2. Unimportant ; answering no purpose ; 
having no weight or effect. 3. Without weight of charac- 
ter ; mean ; contemptible. 

IN-SIG-NIF'I-€ANT, 7). An insignificant thing. 

IN-SIG-NIF'I-€ANT-LY, adv. I. Without meaning, as 
words. 2. Without importance or effect ; to no purpose. 

IN-SIG-NIF'I-€A-TrVE, a. Not expressing by external 
signs. 

IN-SIN-CERE', a, [li. insincerus.] I . Not sincere ; not be- 
ing in truth what one appears to be ; dissembling ; hypo- 
critical ; false. 2. Deceitful ; hypocritical ; false. 3. Not 
sound. 

IN-SIN-CeRE'LY, adv. Without sincerity ; hypocritically. 

IN-SIN-CER'I-TY, n. 1, Dissunulation ; want of sincerity 
or of being in reality what one appears to be ; hypocrisy. 
2. Deceitfulness ; hollowness. 

IN-SIN'EW, v. t. To strengthen ; to give vigor to. 

[N-SIN'U-ANT, a. [Fr. ; L. insinuans.] Insinuating ; hav- 
ing the power to gain favor. [Little used.] Wotton. 

IN-SIN'U-ATE, v. t. [Fr. insiimer ; L. insinuo.] 1. To in- 
troduce gently, or into a narrow passage ; to wind in. 2. 
To push or "work one's self into favor ; to introduce by 
slow, gentle or artful means. 3. To hint ; to suggest by 
remote allusion. 4. To instill ; to infuse gently ; to intro- 
duce artfully. 

JN-SIN'U-ATE, V. i. 1. To creep in ; to wind in ; to flow 
in ; to enter gently, slowly, or imperceptibly, as into 
crevices. 2. To gain on the affections by gentle or artful 
means. 3. To wind along. 

IN-SIN'U-A-TED, pp. Introduced or conveyed gently, im- 
perceptibly or by winding into crevices ; hinted. 

IN-SIN'U-A-TING, ppr. I. Creeping or winding in ; flowing 
in ; gaining on gently ; hinting. 2. a. Tending to enter 
gently ; insensibly winning favor and confidence. 

IN-SIN-U-a'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. insinuatio.] 1. The act of 
insinuating ; a creeping or winding in ; a flowing into 
crevices. 2. The act of gaining on favor or affections, by 
gentle or artful means. 3. The art or power of pleasing 



and gtealing on the affections. 4. A hint ; a suggestion 
or intimation by distant allusion. 

IN-SIN'U-A-TiVE, a. Stealing on the affections. Bacon 

IN-SIN'U-A-TOR, 71. One who insinuates ; one that hints- 

IN-SIP'ID, fl. [Fr. insipide ; L. insipidus.] 1. Tasteless j 
destitute of taste ; wanting the qualities which affect the 
organs of taste ; vapid. 2. Wanting spirit, life or anima- 
tion ; wanting pathos, or the power of exciting emotions , 
flat ; dull ; heavy. 3. Wanting power to gratify desire. 

IN-SI-PID'I-TY, or IN-SIP'ID-NESS, n. [Fr. insipidite.] 1. 

, Want of taste, or the power of exciting sensation in the 
tongue. 2. Want of life or spirit. 

IN-SIP'ID-LYj adw. Without taste ; without spirit or life; 
without enjoyment. Locke. 

IN-SIP'I-ENCE, 71. [L. insipientia.] Want of wisdom ; fol- 
ly ; foolishness ; want of understanding. 

IN-SIST', V. i. [Fr. iiisister ; L. insisto.] 1. Literally, to 
stand or rest on ; [rarely used.] — 2. In geometry, an angle 
is said to insist upon the Eire of the circle intercepted 
between the two lines which contain the angle. 3. To 
dwell on in discourse. — To insist on, to press'or urge for 
any thing with immovable firmness. 

IN-SIST'ENT, a. Standing or resting on. [L. u.] Wotton. 

t IN-SIST'URE, 71. A dwelling or standing on ; fixedness. 

IN-Sl'TIEN-CY, n. Freedom from thirst. Gh-ew. 

IN-Si"TION, 71. [L. insitio.] The insertion of a cion in a 
stock ; ingraftment. Ray. 

IN-SNaRE', v. t. 1. To catch in a snare ; to entrap ; to takp 
by artificial means. 2. To inveigle ; to seduce by artifice ; 
to take by wiles, stratagem or deceit. 3. To entangle ; to 
involve in difficulties or perplexities. 

IN-SNAR'ED, (in-snard') pp. Caught in a snare ; entrapped^ 
inveijled ; involved in perplexities. 

IN-SNaR'ER, 71. One that insnares. 

IN-SNaR'ING, ppr. Catching in a snare ; entrapping ; se- 
ducing ; involving in difiiculties. 

IN-SO-BRI'E-TY, n. [in and sobriety.] Want of sobriety ; 
intemperance; drunkenness. Decay of Piety. 

IN-So'CIA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. insociabilis.] 1. Not inclined 
to unite in social converse ; not given to conversation ; 
unsociable ; taciturn. 2. That cannot be joined or con- 
nected ; [065.1 

IN'SO-LATE, a. t. [L. insolo.] To dry in the sun's rays ; 
to expose to the heat of the sun ; to ripen or prepare by 
exposure to the sun. 

IN'SO- LA-TED, pp. Exposed to the sun ; dried or matured 
in the sun's rays. 

IN'SO-LA-TING, ppr. Exposing to the action of sun- 



IN-SO-La'TION, n. I. The act of exposing to the rays of 
the sun. 2. A stroke of the sun; the action of extreme 
heat on the brain. 

IN'SO-LENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. insolentia.] Pride or haughti- 
ness manifested in cjntemptuous and overbearing treat 
ment of others ; petulant contempt ; impudence. 

t IN'SO-LENCE, v. t. To treat with haughty contempt. 

IN'SO-LENT, a. 1. Proud and haughty, with contempt of 
othei-s ; overbearing; domineering in power. 2. Proceed- 
ing from insolence ; haughty and contemptuous. 3. Un- 
accustomed ; [obs.] 

IN'SO-LENT-LY, adv. With contemptuous pride ; haugh- 
tily ; rudely ; saucily. Dryden. 

IN-SO-LID'I-TY, 7!. Want of solidity ; weakness. 

IN-SOL-U-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of not being soluble o* 
dissolvable, particularly in a fluid. 

IN-SOL'U-BLE, a. [Fr., from L. insohibilis.] I. That cannot 
be dissolved, particularly by a liquid. 2, Not to be solved 
or explained ; not to be resolved ; as a doubt or difficulty ; 
[little used.] 

IN-SOLV'A-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Not to be cleared of difficulty 
or uncertainty ; not to be solved or explained ; not admit 
ting solution or explication. 2. That cannot be paid or 
discharged. 

IN-SOLV'EN-CY, n. 1. Inability of a person to pay all hia 
debts ; or the state of wanting property sufficient for such 
payment. 2. Insufficiency to discharge all debts of the 
owner. 

IN-SOLVENT, a. [L. in and solvens.] I. Not having money, 
goods or estate sufficient to pay all debts. 2. Not suf- 
ficient to pay all the debts of the owner. 3. Respecting 
insolvent debtors ; relieving an insolvent debtor from im- 
prisonment for debt. — Insolvent law, or act of insolvency, 
a law which liberates a debtor from imprisonment, or ex- 
empts him from liability to arrest and imprisonment on 
account of any debt previously contracted. 

IN-SOLVENT, 71. A debtor unable to pay his debts. 

IN-SOM'NI-OUS, a. [L. in^omniosus.] Troubled with dreams; 
restless in sleep. 

IN-SO-MUCH', adv. [in, so, and much.] So that ; to that de- 
gree. [Obsolescent.] 

IN-SPECT', V. t. [L. inspectum.] 1. To look on ; to view or 
oversee for the purpose of examination. 2. To look into; 
to view and examine, for the purpose of £iscertaining the 
quality or condition of a thing. 3. To view and examine 



See Synopsis A, E, T, 5, C, ■?, long.— F AH, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. 



INS 



457 



ms 



tar the p«rp«»se of discovering and correcting errors. 4. 
Ti< superintend. 

J IJV-SPEeT', n. Close examination. Thomson. 

iN-SPE€T'ED, pp Viewed with care ; examined. 

IN-SPE€T'ING, ppr Looking on or rntoj viewing with 
care ; examining. 

1N-SPE€'TI0N, 71. [L. inspectio.] 1. A looking on or into ; 
prying examination ; close or careful survey. 2, Watch ; 
guardianship. 3. Superintendence 3 oversight 4. Of- 
ficial view ; a careful viewing and examining of commodi- 
ties or manufactures, to ascertain their quality. 5. Official 
examination, as of arms, to see that they are in good or- 
der for service. 

IN-SPE€T'OR, 71. 1. One who inspects, views or oversees. 
9. A superintendent ; one to whose care the execution of 
any work is committed. 3. An officer whose duty is to 
examine the quality of goods. 4. An officer of the cus- 
toms. 5. A military officer whose duty is to inspect the 
trooDS and examine their arms. 

IN-SP*E€T'OR-ATE, ) ti. The office of an inspector. TVash- 

IN-SPECT'OR-SHIP, \ ington. 

5N-SPEIIS'ED, t^in-sperst') a. Sprinkled on. 

JN-SPER'SION, 71. [L. inspersio.] The act of sprinkling on. 
.dinsworth. 

FN-SPEX'I-MUS, n. [L. we have inspected ; the first icord 
of ancient charters^ &;c.] An exemplification. 

IN-SPHeRE', v. t. To place in an orb or sphere. 

IN-SPlR'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be inspired. 2. That may 
be drawn into the lungs ; inhalable ; as air or vapors. 

IN-SPI-Ra'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of drawing air into 
tlie lungs ; the inhaling of air ; a branch of respiration, 
and opposed to expiration. 2. The act of breatliing into 
any thing. 3. The infusion of ideas into the mind by the 
Holy Spirit ; the conveying into the minds of men ideas, 
notices or monitions by extraordinary or supernatural in- 
fluence. 4. The infusion of ideas or directions by the 
supposed deities of pagans. 5. The infusion or commu- 
nication of ideas or poetic spirit, by a superior bemg or 
supposed presiding power. 

IN'SPI-RA-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to inspiration, or inhaling 
air into the lungs. Med. Repos. 

IN-SPiRE', V. i. [L. inspiro.] To draw in breatli ; to inhale 
air into the lungs ; opposed to expire. 

JN-SPlRE', v. t. 1. To breathe into. Pope. 2. To infuse 
by breathing. 3. To infuse into the mind ; as, to inspire 
with new life. 4. To infuse or suggest ideas or monitions 
supemalurally : to communicate divine instructions to the 
mind. 5. To infuse ideas or poetic spirit. 6. To draw 
into the lungs. 

IN-SPiR'ED, (in-spird') pp. 1. Breathed in ; inhaled ; in- 
fused. 2. Informed or directed by the Holy Spirit. 

IN-SPiR'ER, 71. He that inspkes. 

IN-SPlR'ING,;}pr. 1. Breathing in ; inhaling into the lungs ; 
infusing into the mind supematurally. 2. a. Infusing 
spirit or courage ; animating. 

IN-SPIR'IT, V. t. To infuse or excite spirit in ; to enhven ; 
to animate ; to give new life to ; to encourage ; to invig- 
orate. Pope. 

IX-SPiR'IT-ED, pp. Enlivened ; animated ; invigorated. 

IN-SPIR'IT-ING, ppr. Infusing spirit 5 giving new life to. 

IN-SPIS'SATE, V. t. To thicken, as fluids ; to bring to 
greater consistence by evaporating the thinner parts, 
Sec. 

IN-SPIS'SATE, a. Thick. Greenhill. 

IN-SPIS'S A-TED, pp. Thickened, as a liquor. 

I.V-SPIS'SA-TING, ppr. Thickening, as a liquor. 

IX-SPIS-Sa'TION, n. The act or operation of rendering a 
fluid substance thicker by evaporation, &c. 

IN-STA-BIL'I-TY, 71. [Fr. instabilite ; L, instabilitas .] I. 
Want of stability ; want of firmness in purpose ; incon- 
stancy ; fickleness ; mutability of opinion or conduct. 2. 
Changeable ness ; mutability. 

IN-STa'BLE, a. [L. instabiiis.'] 1. Inconstant ; prone to 
change or recede from a purpose ; mutable. 2. Not 
steady or fixed ; changeable. Sec Unstable. 

IN-STa'BLE-NESS, 71. Unstableness ; instability. 

IN-STALL', V. t. [Fr. installer.] To set, place 'or instate, 
in an office, rank or order ; to invest with any charge, 
office or rank, with the customary ceremonies. 

IN-STALL-a'TION, 71. The act of giving possession of an 
office, rank or order, with the customary ceremonies. 

IN-STALL'ED, (in-stawld') pp. Placed in a seat, office or 
order. • 

tX-STALL'ING, ppr. Placing in a seat, office or order. 

rX-STALL'MENT, n. 1. The act of installing, or giving 
possession of an office with the usual ceremonies or so- 
lemnities. 2. The seat in which one is placed. — 3. In 
commerce, a part of a large sum of money paid or to be 
paid at a particular period. 

:iN'STANCE,7i. [Fr.] 1. Urgency; a pressing; solicitation ; 
importunity ; application. 2. Example ; a case occurring ; 
a case ofi'ered. 3. Time ; occasion ; occurrence. 4. Mo- 
tive ; influence ; [pbs.] 5. Process of a suit ; [obs.] 

IN'STANCE, V. i. To give or ofler an example or case. 



IN'STANCE, V. t. To mention as an elample or cose. 
IN'STANCED. pp. or a. Given in proof or as an example. 

IN'STANT, o. [Fr., from L. instans.\ 1. Pressing ; urgent , 
importunate ; earnest. 2. Immediate ; without inter- 
vening tune ; present. 3. Quick ; making no delay. 4. 
Present; current ; as, on the tenth of July instant. 

IN'STANT, 71. 1. A point in duration ; a moment ; a part 
of duration in which we perceive no succession, or a part 
that occupies the time of a single thought. 2 A particu- 
lar time. 

IN-STAN-TA-NkT-TY, 71. Unpremeditated production. 

IN-STAN-Ta'NE-OUS, a. [Fr. instantane.] Done in an in- 
stant ; occurring or acting without any perceptible succes- 
sion ; very speedily. 

IN-STAN-Ta'NE-OUS-LY, adv. In an instant ; in a mo- 
ment ; in an indivisible point of duration. 

IN-STAN-Ta'NE-OUS-NESS, n The quaUty of being done 
in an instant. 

flN'STAN-TA-NY, a. Formerly used for instantaneous. 

IN-STANT'ER, adv. [L,] In law, immediately ; at the 
present time ; v/illiout delay. 

IN'STANT-LY, adv. 1. Immediately ; without any inter- 
vening tune ; at the moment. 2. With urgent importu 
nity. 3. With diligence and earnestness, 

IN-STaR', v. t. \in and star.] To set or adorn with stars, 
or with brilliants. J. Barlow. 

IN-STaTE', v. t. [in and state.] I. To set or place ; to 
establish, as in a rank or condition. South. 2. To invest j 
[obs.] 

IN-STaTiED, pp. Set or placed. 

IN-STaT'ING, ppr. Setting or placing. 

IN-STAU'RATE, 7j. f . [L. instauro.] To reform} to repair. 
Smith'. 

IN-STAU-Ra'TION, 71. [L.instauratio.] Renewal 5 repair-, 
re-establishment ; the restoration of a thing. 

IN-STAU-Ra'TOR., 71. One who renews or restores to a 
former condition. jMore. 

IN-STEAD', (in-sted') adv. [in and stead.] In the place or 
room of. 

IN^TEEP', 7J. f . 1. To steep or soak ; to drench; to macer- 
ate in moisture. Shak. 2. To keep under or in water. 

IN-STEEP'ED, (in-steept^) pp. Steeped ; soaked ; drench- 
ed ; lying under water. 

IN-STEEP'ING, ppr. Steeping ; soaking, 

INSTEP, 72. 1, The instep of the human foot is the fore 
part of the upper side of the foot near its junction with 
the leg. 2. The bistep of a horse is that part of the hind 
leg, which reaches from the ham to the pastern-joint. 

IN'STI-GATE, V. t. [L. instigo.] To incite ; to set on ; to 
provoke ; to urge. 

IN'STI-GA-TED, pp. Incited or persuaded, as to evil. 

IN'STI-GA-TING, ppr. Inciting; tempting to evil. 

IN-STI-Ga'TION, 7i. I. Incitement, as to evil or wicked- 
ness ; the act of encouraging to commit a crime or some 
evil act. 2. Temptation ; impulse to evil. 

IN'STI-GA-TOR, n. 1. One who incites another to an evil 
act ; a tempter. 2. That which incites ; that which 
moves persons to commit wickedness. 

IN-STILL', V. t. [L. instillo.] 1, To infuse by drops. Mil- 
ton. 2. To infuse slowly, or by small quantities. 

INSTIL-LaTION, 71. [1j. in^tillatio.] 1. The act of infus- 
ing by drops or by small quantities. 2. The act rf infus- 
ing slowly into the mind. 3. That which is instilled 01 
infused. 

IN-STILL'ED, (in-stild') pp. Infused by drops or by slow 
degrees. 

IN-STILL'ER, :t. He that uistills. 

IN-STILL'ING, ppi-. Infusing by drops or by slow de- 
grees. 

IN-STILL'MENT, n. Any thing instilled. Shak. 

t IN-STIM'U-LATE, v.t. To stimulate ; to excite. 

IN-STIM'U-LA-TIjSG, ppr. Not stimulating. Cheyne. 

IN-STIM-U-Ll'TION, n. [in and stimulation.] The act of 
stimulating, inciting or urging forward. 

t IN-STINCT', a. [L. instinctus.] Moved ; animated ; ex- 
cited ; as, instinct with spirit. Milton. 

IN'STINCT, 71. [Fr., from L. instinctus ] A certain powoi 
or disposition of mind, by which, independent of all in 
struction or experience, animals are unerringly directed 
to do spontaneously whatever is necessary for the preser- 
vation of the individual, or the continuation of the kind. 

IN-STIN€T'ED, a. Impressed. [Little used.] Bentley. 

t TN-STIN€'TION, n. Instinct. Elyot. 

IN-STIN€T'IVE, a. Prompted by instinct ; spontaneous ; 
acting without reasoning, deliberation, instruction or ex- 
perience ; determined by natural impulse or propensity. 

IN-STINCT'IVE-LY, adv. By force of instinct ; without 
instruction or experience ; by natural impulse. 

IN'STI-TUTE, V. t. [L. instituo.] 1. To establish ; to ap- 
point ; to enact ; to form and prescribe. 2. To fr und ; to 
originate and establish. 3, To ground or estaolish in 
principles ; to educate ; to instruct. 4. To begin ; to com- 
mence ; to set in operation. 5. To invest with the spirit- 
ual part of a benefice or the care of souls. 



• See Synapsis. JIOVE, BOOK DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € aa K 3 G as J ; S as Z ; CH asSH 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete 



INS 



458 



INS 



iNSTI-TUTE, n. [L. institutuvi.] 1 Established law ; 
settled order. 2. Precept ; maxim ; principle. 3. A book 
of elements or principles ; particularly, a work containing 
tlie principles cf the Roman law. — 4. In Scots law, when 
a number of persons in succession hold an estate in tail, 
the first is called the institute, the others substitutes. 

IN'STI-TU-TED, pp. Established j appointed ; founded j 
enacted j invested with the care of souls. 

IN'STI-TU-TING, ppr. Establishing ; founding ; enacting ; 
investing with the care of souls. 

IN-STI-TU'TION, n. [L. institutio.] 1. The act of estab- 
lishing. 2. Establishment ; that which is appointed, pre- 
scribed or founded by authority, and intended to be per- 
manent. 3. A system, plan or society established, either 
by law or by the authority of individuals, for promoting 
any object, public or social. 4. A system of the elements 
or rules of any art or science. 5. Education; instruction. 
6. The act or ceremony of investing a clerk with the 
spiritual part of a benefice. 

IN-STI-Tu'TION-AL, a. Enjoined; instituted by author- 
ity. 

IN-STI-TtJ'TION-A-RY, a. Elemental ; containing the 
first principles or doctrines. Brown. 

IN'STI-TU-TIST, n. A writer of institutes or elementary 
rules and instructions. Harvey. 

IN'STl-TU-TiVE, a. 1. That establishes ; having power 
to establish. 2. Established ; depending on institution. 

IN'STI-TU-TOR, n. [h.] 1. The person who establishes ; 
one who enacts laws, rites and ceremonies. 2. The per- 
son who founds an order, sect, society or scheme. 3. An 
instructor ; one who educates. 

IN-STOP', V. t. To stop ; to close ; to make fast. [L. u.] 

IJN-STRAT'I-FIED, a. Stratified within something else. 

IN-STRU€T', V. t. [L. instruo, instructum.] 1. To teach ; 
to inform the mind ; to educate ; to impart knowledge to 
one who was destitute of it. 2. To direct ; to enjoin ; to 
persuade or admonish. 3. To direct or command ; to fur- 
nish with orders. 4. To inform ; to advise or give notice 
to. 5. To model ; to form ; to prepare ; [not used.] 

IN-STRUCT'ED, pp. Taught ; informed ; trained up ; edu- 
cated. 

IN-STRU€T'I-BLE, a. Able to instruct. [III.] Bacon. 

IN-STR[J€T'ING, ppr. Teaching ; informing the mind ; 
directing. 

IN-STRU€'TION, n. [L. instructio.] 1. The act of teach- 
ing or informing the understanding in that of which it 
was belore ignorant ; information. 2. Precepts convey- 
ing knowledge. 3. Direction ; order ; command ; man- 
date. 

IN-STRU€T'IVE, a. [Sp. instrurtivo ; Fr. instructif.] Con- 
veying knowledge ; serving to instruct or inform. 

IN-STRU€T'IVE-LY, <idv. So as to afford instruction. 

IN-STRU€T'IVE-NESS, m. -Power of instructing. 

lN-STRU€T'OR, n. 1. A teacher ; a person who imparts 
knowledge to another by precept or information. 2. The 
preceptor of a school or seminary of learning ; any pro- 
fessional man who teaches the principles of his profession. 

IN-STRUCT'RESS, n. A female who instructs ; a precep- 
tress ; a tutoress. 

IN'STRU-MENT, n. [L. instrumcntum.] 1. A tool; that by 
which work is performed or any thing is effected. 2. 
That which is subservient to the execution of a plan or 
purpose, or to the production of any effect; means used 
or contributing to an effect. 3. An artificial machine or 
body constructed for yielding harmonious sounds. — 4. in 
law, a writing containing the terms of a contract, as a 
deed of conveyance, a grant, a patent, an indenture, &c. 
5. A person who acts for another. 

IN-STRU-MENT'AL, a. 1. Conducive as an instrument or 
means to some end ; contributing aid ; serving to promote 
or effect an object ; helpful. 2. Pertaining to instru- 
ments ; made by mstruments. 

IN-STRU-MENT-AL'I-TY, n. Subordinate or auxiliary 
agency ; agency of any thing as means to an end. 

IN-STRU-MENT'AL-LY, adv. 1. By way of an instru- 
ment ; in the nature of an instrument ; as means to an 
end 2 With instruments of music. 

IN-STRU-MENT'AL-NESS, w. Usefulness, as of means to 
an end^; instrumentality. Hammond. 

t IN-STyLE', v. t. To call ; to denominate. Crashaw. 

IN-SITAV'I-TY, n. [L. insuavitas.] Unpleasantness. 

IX-SUB-JEC'TION, n. State of disobedience to govern- 
ment. 

IN-SUB-MIS'SION, n. Defect of submission ; disobedience. 

IN-SUB-ORD'I-NATE, a. Not submitting to authority. 

IN-SUB-OR-DI-Na'TION, 71. Want of subordination; dis- 
order ; disobedience to lawful authority. 

IN-SUB-STAN'TIAL, a. Unsubstantial ; not real. Sfiak. 

IN-SUe-€A'TION, n. [L. insucco.] The act of soaking or 
moistening ; maceration ; solution in the juice of herbs. 

IN-SUF'FER-A-BLE, a. 1. Intolerable ; that cannot be 
bor le or endured. 2. That cannot be permitted or toler- 
ated. 3. Detestable ; contemptible ; disgusting beyond 
endurance. 



IN-SUF'FER-A-BLY, adv. To a degree beyond endurance. 
IN-SUF-FI"CIEN-CY, 7!.. 1. Inadequateness ; v/ant of sufla- 

ciency ; deficiency. 2. Inadequacy of power or skill ; 

inability ; incapacity ; incompetency. 3. Want of the 

requisite strength, value or force ; defect. 
IN-SUF-Fl"CIENT, a. 1. Not sufficient ; inadequate to any 

need, use or purpose. 2. Wanting in strength, power, 

ability or skill ; incapable ; unfit. 
IN-SUF-Fl"CIENT-LY, adv. With want of sufficiency ; 

with want of proper ability or skill ; inadequately. 
IN-SUF-FLa'TION, m. 1. The act of breathing on. 2. 

The act of blowing a substance into a cavity of the 

body. 
IN-StJIT'A-BLE, a. Unsuitable. [Little used.] Burnet. 

* IN'SU-LAR, a. [L. insularis.] Belonging to an isle ; sur- 
rounded by water. 

* IN'SU-LAR, n. One who dwells in an isle. Berkeley. 

* IN-SU-LAR'I-TY, n. The situation of an island, or state 
of being an island. Pickering^s Vocabulary. 

* IN SU-LAR-Y, a. The same as insular. 
*IN'SU-LAi E, V. t. [L. insula.] 1. To place in a detached 

situation, or in a state to have no communication with 
surrounding objects. — 2. In architecture, to set a column 
alone or not contiguous to a wall. — 3. In electrical experi- 
ments, to place on a non-conducting substance, or in a 
situation to prevent communication with the earth. 4. 
To make an isle ; [little used.] 

* IN'SU-LA-TED, pp. or a Standing by itself; not being 

contiguous to other bodies. 

*IN'SU-LA-TING, ppr. Setting in a detached position. 

*IN-SU-La'TION, n. 1. The act of insulating ; the state of 
being detached from other objects. — 2. In electrical exper- 
iments, that state in which the communication of elec- 
trical fluid is prevented by the interposition of an electric 
body. 

* IN'SU-L A-TOfi, n. In electrical experiments, the substance 
or body that insulates, or interrupts the communication of 
electricity to surrounding objects ; a non-conductor or 
electric. 

flN-SULSE', (in-suls') a. [L. insulsus.] Dull; iosipid. 

t IN-SULS'I-TY, w. Stupidity. Cockeram. 

IN'SULT, ?(. [Fr. insulte; Ju. insultus.] 1. The act of leap- 
ing on; [l.u.] 2. Any gross abuse offered to another, 
either by words or actions ; act or speech of insolence or 
contempt. 

IN-SULT', V. t. [Fr. insulter ; L. insulto.] To treat with 
gross abuse, insolence or contempt, by words or actions. — 
To insult over, to triumph over with insolence. 

IN-SULT', V. i. To behave with insolent triumph. 

IN-SULT-A'TION, n. The act of insultmg ; abusive treat- 
ment. 

IN-SULT'ED, pp. Abused or treated with insolence. 

IN-SULT'ER, n. One who insults. Rowe. 

IN-SULT'ING, ppr. Treating with insolence or contempt 

IN-SULT'ING-LY, adv. With insolent contempt; with 
contemptuous triumph. Dryden. 

flN-StJME', V. t. [L. insumo.] To take in. Evelyn. 

IN-SU-PER-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being insuper- 
able. 

IN-SU'PER-A-BLE, a. [L. insuperabilis.] 1. That cannoe 
be overcome or surmounted; insurmountable. 2. That 
cannot be passed over. 

IN-Su'PER-A-BLE-NESS, n. Tlie quality of being insuper- 
able or insurmountable. 

IN-Su'PER-A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree not to be 
overcome ; insurmountably. Grew. 

IN-SUP-PoRT'A-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. That cannot be support- 
ed or borne. 2. That cannot be borne or endured; insuf- 
ferable ; intolerable. 

IN-SUP-PORT'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being in- 
supportable ; insufferableness. 

IN-SUP-PoRT'A-BLY, ad.v. In a manner or degree that 
cannot be supported or endured. Dryden. 

IN-SUP-PRESS'I-BLE, a. Not to be suppressed. 

IN-SUP-PRESS'IVE, a. Not to be suppressed. Shak. 

IN-StJR'A-BLE, (in-slmr'a-bl) a. That may be insured 
agajnst loss or damage ; proper to be insured. 

IN-SUR'ANCE, (in-shur'ans) n. 1. The act of insuring or 
assuring against loss or damage ; or a contract by which 
one engages for a stipulated consideration or premium pet 
cent, to make up a loss which another may sustain. 2 
The premium paid for insuring property or life. — Ins-ar- 
ance company, a company or corporation whose business, 
is to insure against loss or damage. 

t IN-StJR'AN-CER, n. An underwriter. 

IN-SuRE', (in-shiire') v. t. To make sure or secure ; to con 
tract or covenant for a consideration to secure a persor^ 
against loss. 

IN-SuRE', V. i. To underwrite ; to practice making insur- 
ance. 

IN-SuR'ED, (in-shurd') pp. Made sure ; assured ; securer 
against loss. 

IN-StJR'ER, (in-shur'er) n. One who insures ; an under- 
writer. 



* See SynopsL". A, £, I, O, t, Y, Zo»^.— FAR, FALL, WH^lT ;— PJIBY j-HN. MARINE, Bi&D »— f Obsolete 



INT 



459 



IJST 



IN-SUR6'ENT, a. [L. insurgens.] Rising in opposition to 

lawful civil or political authority. Stephens. 
iN-SUR6'EINT, n. A person who rises in opposition to civil 
or political authority ; one who openly and actively resists 
the execution of laws. An insurgent differs from a rebel. 
The insurgent opposes the execution of a particular law 
or laws ; the rebel attempts to overthrow or change the 
government, or he revolts and attempts to place his coun- 
try under another jurisdiction. All rebels are insurgents, 
butall insurgents are not rebels. 

IN-SuR'ING, (in-shur'ing) ppr. Making secure ; assuring 
against loss ; engaging to indemnify for losses. 

IN-SUR-MOUNT'A-BLE, a. [Fr. insurmontable.] 1. Insu- 
perable ; that cannot be surmounted or overcome. 2. Not 
to be surmounted ; not to be passed by ascending. 

IN-SITR-MOUNT'A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree not 
to be overcome. 

IN-STJR-RE€'TION, n. [L. insurgo.] 1. A rising against 
civil or political authority ; the open and active opposition 
of a number of persons to the execution of law in a city or 
state. It is equivalent to sedition, except that sedition ex- 
presses a less extensive rising of citizens. It differs from 
rehelUon, for the latter expresses a revolt, or an attempt to 
overthrow the government, to establish a different one, or 
to place the country under another jurisdiction. It differs 
from mutiny, as it respects the civil or political govern- 
ment ; whereas a mutiny is an open opposition to law in 
the army or navy. 2. A rising in mass to oppose an en- 
emy ; [little used.'l 

IN-SUR-RE€'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to insurrection j 
consisting in insurrection. Amer. Review. 

IN-SUR-REG'TION-A-RY, a. Pertaining or suitable to in,- 
surrection. Burke. 

IN-SUS-CEP-TI-BIL'I-TY, n. Want of susceptibility, or 
capacity to feel or perceive. Med. Repos. 

IN-SLTS-CEPT'I-BLE, a. 1. Not susceptible ; not capable 
of being moved, affected or impressed. 2. Not capable of 
receiving or admitting. 

IN-SUS-UR-Ra'TION, n. [L. insusurro.] The act of whis- 
pering into something. 

IN-TA€T'A-BLE, a. [L. intactum.] Not perceptible to the 
touch. Diet. 

IN-TAGL'IA-TED, (in-tal'ya-ted) a. Engraved or stamped 
on. Warton. 

IN-TAGL'IO, (in-tal'yo) n. [It.] Any thing engraved, or a 
precious stone vv^ith a head or an inscription engraved on it. 

IN-TAN6'I-ELE, a. 1. That cannot or may not be touched. 

2. Not perceptible to the touch. 
IN-TAN6'I-BLE-NESS, ; n. The quality of being intangi- 
IN-TANG-I-BIL'I-TY, S ble. 
IN-TaST'A-BLE, a. That cannot be tasted ; that cannot 

affect the organs of taste. Orew. 

IN'TE-6ER,7i. [L.] The whole of any thing; parficwZarZ^/, 
in arithmetic, a whole number, in contradistinction to a 
fraction. 

IN'TE-GRAL, a. [Fr.] 1. Whole ; entire. 2. Making part 
of a whole, or necessary to make a whole. 3. Not frac- 
tional. 4. Uninjured ; complete ; not defective. 

IN'TE-GRAL, n. A whole ; an entue thing. 

t IN-TE-GRAL'I-TY, n. Entireness. Whitaker. 

IN'TE-GRAL-LY, adv. Wholly ; completely. Whitaker. 

IN'TE-GRANT, a. Making part of a whole ; necessary to 
constitute an entire thing. Burke. 

IN'TE-GRATE, v. t. [L. integro.] To renew j to restore ; 
to perfect ; to make a thing entire. South. 

IN'TE-GRA-TED, pp. Made entire. 

IN-TE-GRa'TION, n. The act of making entire. 

W-TEG'Rl-TY, n. [Ft. integrite iJj.intesritas.] 1 Whole- 
ness ; entireness ; unbroken state. 2. The entire, unim- 
paired state of any thing, particularly of the mind ; moral 
soundness or purity ; incorruptness ; uprightness ; hon- 
esty. 3. Purity ; genuine, unadulterated, unimpaired state. 

IN-TEG-U-Ma'TION, n. [L. intego.] That part of physiol- 
ogy, which treats of the integuments of animals and 
plants. 

IN-TEG'U-MENT, n. [L. integum.enttim.] That which 
naturally invests or covers another thing. 

IN'TEL-LE€T, n. [Fr., from L. intellectus.] That faculty 
of the human soul or mind, which receives or compre- 
hends the ideas communicated to it by the senses or by 
perception, or by other means; the faculty of thinking; 
the understanding. 

IN-TEL-LEG'TION, n. [Ij.intellectio.] The act of under- 
standing ; simple apprehension of ideas. Bentley. 

IN-TEL-LEGT'IVE, a. [Fr. intellectif.] I . Having power 
to understand. Olanville. 2. Produced by the under- 
standing. 3. To be perceived by the understanding, not 
by the senses. 

IN-TEL-LE€T'U-AL, a. [Fr. intellectuel.] 1. Relating to 
the intellect or understanding ; belonging to the mind ; 
performed by the understanding ; mental. 2. Ideal; per- 
ceived by the intellect ; existing in the understanding. 

3. Having the power of understanding. 4. Relating to 
the understanding ; treating of the mind 



IN-TEL-LE€T'U-AL, n. The intellect or understanding 

[Little v^ed,] Milton. 

IN-TEL-LE€T'U-AL-IST, n. One who overrates the uu 
derstanding. Bacon. 

t IN-TEL-LE€T-U-AL'I-TY, n. The state of intellectua 
power. Hallywell. 

IN-TEL-LE€T'U-AL-LY, adv. By means of the under 
standing. 

IN-TEL'LI 6ENCE, n. [L. intelligentia.] 1. Understand 
ing ; skill. 2. Notice ; information communicated ; at 
account of things distant or before unknown. 3. Com 
merce of acquaintance ; terms of intercourse. 4. A spir 
itual being 

IN-TEL'L]-6ENCE, v. t. To inform ; to instruct [L. u.] 

IN-TEL'LI-GENCED, pp. Informed ; instructed. [L. u.1 

IN-TEL'LI-GENCE-OF'FICE, n. An office or place where 
information may be obtained. 

[N-TEL'LI-GEN-CER, n. One who sends or conveys intel- 
ligence ; a messenger. Addison. 2. A public paper ; a 
newspaper. 

IN-TEL'LI-GEN-CING, ppr. or a. Giving or conveying no- 
tice to from a distance. 

IN-TEL'LI-GENT, a. [L. intelligens.] 1. Endowed with 
the faculty of understanding or reason. 2. Knowing 
understanding; well informed; skilled. 3. Giving in- 
formation ; [obs.] Shak. 

IN-TEL-LI-6EN'TIAL, a. 1. Consisting of unbodied mind 

2. Intellectual ; exercising understanding. Milton. 
IN-TEL-LI-GI-BIL'I-TY, In. The quality or state of 
IN-TEL'LI-6l-iJLE-NESS, \ being intelligible ; the pos- 
sibility of being understood. Tooke. 

IN-TEL'LI-GI-BLE, a. [L. intelligibilis.] That may be 
understood or comprehended. 

IN-TEL'LI-Gl-BLY, adv. In a manner to be understood . 
clearly ; plainly. 

t IN-TEM'ER-ATE, a. [L. intemeraius.] Pure ; undefiled 

t IN-TEM'ER-ATE-NESS, n. State of being unpolluted. 

IN-TEM'PER-A-MENT, n. A bad state or constitution. 

IN-TEM'PER-ANCE, n. [Fr. ; L. intemperantia.] 1. In 9 
general sense, want of moderation or due restraint; ex 
cess in any kind of action or indulgence. 2. Habitual in- 
dulgence in drinking spirituous liquors, with or withou 
intoxication. L. Beecher. 

IN-TEM'PER-ATE, a. [IL. intemperatus] 1. Not moderate 
or restrained within due limits ; indulging to excess an» 
appetite or passion, either habitually or in a particula 
instance ; immoderate in enjoyment or exertion. 2. Ai; 
dieted to an excessive or habitueil use of spirituous liquor* 

3. Passionate ; ungovernable. 4. Excessive ; exceeding 
the convenient mean or degree. 

t IN-TEM'PER-ATE, v. t. To disorder. Whitaker. 

IN-TEM'PER-ATE-LY, adv. With excessive indulgence 
of appetite or passion ; with undue exertion ; immoder 
S-tclv ' cxccssivGlv 

IN-1 EM'PER-ATE-NESS, 71. 1. Want of moderation ; ex- 
cessive degree of indulgence. 2. Immoderate degree of 
any quality in the weather, as in cold, heat or storms. 

IN-TEM'PER-A-TURE, n. Excess of some quality. 

t IN-TEM-PEST'IVE, a. [L. intempestivus.l Untimely. 

t IN-TEM-PEST'IVE-LY, adv. Unseasonably. 

t IN-TEM-PES-TIV'I-TY, n. Untimeliness. 

IN-TEN'A-BLE, a. That cannot be held or maintained j 
that is not defensible. Warburton. 

IN-TEND', V. t. [L. intendo.] 1. To stretch : to strain ; to 
extend ; to distend . 2. To mean ; to design ; to purpose 
that is, to stretch or set forward in mind. 3. To regard 
to fix the mind on ; to attend ; to take care of; [obs.] 4 
To enforce ; to make intense. Brown. 

IN-TEND'ANT, n. [Fr.] 1. One who has the charge, over 
sight, direction or management of some public businegst 
2. In Charleston, South Carolina, the mayor or chief mu 
nicipal officer of the city. 

IN-TENDiED, pp. 1. Designed; purposed. 2. Stretched: 
made intense ; [little used.] 

IN-TEND'ED-LY, adv. With intention or purpose ; by de- 
sign. Milton. 

IN-TEND'ER, n. One who intends. 

t IN-TEND'I-MENT, n. Attention ; understanding. 

IN-TEND'ING, ppr. 1, Meaning ; designing ; purposing 
2. Stretching ; distending ; [little used.] 

IN-TENI^MENT, n. [Fr. entendement.] Intention ; de- 
sign ; in law, the true meaning of a person or of a law or 
of any legal instrument. 

IN-TEN'ER-ATE^ v. t. To make tender ; to soften 

IN-TEN'ER-A-TED, pp. Made tender or soft 

IN-TEN'ER-A-TING, ppr. Making tender. 

IN-TEN-ER-A'TION, n. The act of making soft or ten- 
der. 

t IN-TEN'I-BLE, a. [in and tenible.] That cannot hold. 
Shak. 

IN-TENSE', (in-tens') a. [L. intensus.] 1. Literally, strain- 
ed, stretched ; hence, very close, strict, as when the 
mind is fixed or bent on a particular subject. 2. Raised 
to a high degree ; violent ; vehement. 3. Very severe or 



Se 3 Synopsis MOVE , BOOI^ DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



INT 



400 



INT 



Keen. 4. Vehement j ardent. 5. Extreme in degree. 
6. Kept on the stretch ; anxiously attentive. 

IN-TEiVSE'LY, (in-tensly) adv. 1. To an extreme de- 
gree ; vehemently. 2. Attentively ; earnestly. 

IN-TEXSE'NESS," (in-tensnes) n. 1. The state of being 
strained or stretched ; intensity. 2. The state of being 
raised or concentrated to a great degree , extreme vio- 
lence. 3. Extreme closeness. 

m-TEN SION, n. [L. intensio.] 1. A straining, stretching 
or bending ; the state of being strained. 2. Increase of 
power or energy of any quaUty. 

IN-TENS'I-TY, n. [Fr. intensite.] 1. The state of being 
strained or stretched ; intenseness, as of a musical chord. 
2. The state of being raised to a great degree ; extreme 
violence. 3. Extreme closeness. 4. Excess j extreme 
degree. 

IN-TENS'IVE, a. 1. Stretched, or admitting of extension. 
2 Intent ; unremitted ; assiduous. 3. Serving to give 
force or emphasis. 

IN-TENS'IVE-LY, adv. By increase of degree ; in a man- 
ner to give force. Bramhall. 

IN-TENT', a. [L. intentiis.] Literally, having the mind 
strained or bent on an object; hence, fixed closely; sedu- 
lously applied ; eager in pursuit of an object ; anxiously 
diligent. 

IN-TENT', n. Literally, the stretching of the mind to- 
wards an object ; hence, a design ; a purpose ; intention ; 
meaning; drift; aim. — To all intents, in all senses; 
whatever may be designed. 

IjV-TEN'TION, n. [h. intentio.] 1. Primarily, a stretching 
or bending of the mind towards an object ; hence, un- 
common exertion of the intellectual faculties ; closeness 
of application ; fixedness of attention ; earnestness. 2. 
Design ; purpose ; the fixed direction of the mind to a 
particular object, or a determination to act in a particular 
manner. 3. End or aim ; the object to be accomplished. 

4. The state of being strained. 
IN-TEJV'TIOX-AL, a. Intended; designed; done with 

design. 

IN-TEX'TION-AL-LY, adv. By design ; of purpose ; not 
casually. 

IX-TEN'TIOXED, in composition ; as, well-intentioned, 
having good designs ; ill-intentioned, having ill designs. 

IX^-TEXTTVE, a. Attentive; having the mind closely ap- 
plied. Bacon. 

IX-TEX^T'IVE-LY, adv. Closely ; with close application. 

IX-TEXT'IVE-XESS, n. Qoseness of attention. 

IN-TEX'T'LY, adv. With close attention or application ; 
with eagerness or earnestness. 

IX-TEX"T'XESS, n. The state of being intent; close appli- 
cation ; constant employment of the mind. 

IX'TER, a Latin preposition, signifying among or beticeen ; 
used as a prefix. 

IN-TER , r.t. [Fr. enterrer.] 1. To bury ; to deposit and 
cover in the earth. 2. To cover with earth. 

IN'TER-AeT, 71. [inter and act.] Intermediate employ- 
ment or time ; a short piece between others. 

IX-TER-AM'X^I-AX, a. [L. inter and amnis.] Situated be- 
tween rivers. Bryant. 

IX-TER^AN'I-MATE, v. t. To animate mutually. {Little 
used.] 

t IX-TER-BAS-T^'TIOX, n. [Sp. bastear.] Patch-work. 

IX'-TER'€A-LAR, ) a. [1.. inter calarins.] Inserted; an 

* 1X-T£R'€A-LA-RY, \ epithet given to the odd day in- 
serted in leap year. 

* IX'TER-€AL-ATE, or IX-TER'€AL-ATE, v. t. [L. in- 
tercalo.] To insert an extraordinary day or other portion 
of time. 

* IX'TER-€AL-A-TED, or IN-TER'€AL-A-TED, pp. In- 
serted. 

* IX'TER-€AL-A-TIXG, or IX-TER'eAL-A-TIXG, ppr. 
Inserting. 

IX-TER-€AL-A'TION, n. [L. inter calatio.] The insertion 
of an oddor extraordinary day in the calendar. 

IN-TER-CkDE', v. i. [L. intercedo.] 1. To pass between. 
2. To mediate ; to interpose ; to make intercession ; to 
act between parties with a view to reconcile those who 
differ or contend. 3. To plead in favor of one. 

IX^'-TER-CeD EXT, a. Passing between ; mediating ; 
pleading _for. 

IX-TER-CeD'ER, n. One who intercedes or interposes be- 
tween parties, to effect a reconciliation ; a mediator ; an 
intercessor. 

rX-TER-€ED'IN<T, ppr. Mediating; pleading. 

IN-TEK-CEPT', V. t. [Ft. intercepter.] 1. To take or seize 
on by the way ; to stop on its passage. 2. To obstruct ; 
to stop m progress. 3. To stop, as a course or passing 
4 To intemipt communication with, or progress towards. 

5. To take, include or comprehend between. 
IN-TER-CEPT'ED, pp. Taken on the way ; seized in pro- 
gress ; stopped. 

IX-TER-CEPT'ER, n. One who intercepts. 
IX TER-CEPT'IXG, ppr. Seizing on its passage ; hinder- 
ing from proceeding ; comprehending between. 



IN-TER-CEPmON, n. The act of seizing something on 
its passage ; a stopping ; obstruction of a course or pro- 
ceeding ; hinderance. 

IX-TER-CES'SIOX, n. [L. intercessio.] The act of inter- 
ceding ; mediation ; interposition between parties at va- 
riance, with a view to reconciliation ; prayer or solicita- 
tion to one party in favor of another, sometimes against 
another 

t IX-TER-CES'SIOX-ATE, v i. To entreat. Jfasfi. 

IX-TER-CES'SOR, n^ [L.] 1. A mediator ; one who in- 
terposes between parties at variance, with a view to rec- 
oncile them ; one who pleads in behalf of another. 2. A 
bishop who, during a vacancy of the see, administers the 
bishopric till a successor is elected. 

IX'^-TER-CES'SO-RY, a. jContaining intercession; inter 
ceding. 

IN-TER-CHaIX', v. t. To chain ; to link together. 

IX-TER-CHaIX'ED, pp. Chained together. 

IX'^-TER-CHaIX'IXG, ppr. Chaining or fastening together. 

IN-TER-CHaX6E', t. t. 1. To put each m the place o' 
the other ; to give and take mutually ; to exchange ; to 
reciprocate. 2. To succeed alternately. 

IX'TER-CHaX6E, n. 1. Mutual change, each givmg and 
receiving ; exchange ; permutation of commodities ; bar- 
ter. 2. Alternate succession ; as the interchange of light 
and darkness. 3. A mutual giving and receiving ; re- 
ciprocation. 

IX-TER-CHaX6E'A-BLE, a. J. That may be interchang- 
ed ; that may be given and taken mutually. 2. Follow- 
ing each other in alternate succession. 

IN-TER-CHaX6E'A-BLE-XESS, 71. The state of being 
interchangeable. 

IX-TER-CHaX6E'A-BLY, adv. Alternately ; by recipro- 
cation ; in a manner bv which each gives and receives. 

IX-TER-CHaXG'ED, (m-ter-chanjd') pp. Mutually ex- 
changed ; reciprocated. 

IX-TER-CHAX(iE'MENT, n. Exchange ; mutual transfer- 
[Little usedj] Shak. 

IX-TER-CHaXG IXG, ppr. Mutually giving and receiving; 
taking each other's place successively ; reciprocating. 

IX-TER-Ci'DEXT, a. [L. intcrcido.] Falling or coming 
between. Bovle. 

IX-TER-CIP'I-EXT, a. [L. intercipiens .] Intercepting ; 
seizing by the way ; stopping. 

LX-TER-CIP'I-EXT, n. He or that which intercepts or 
stops on the passage. Wiseman, 

IN-TER-CIS'IOX, n. [L. intercido.'] Interruption. [L. w.l 

IX-TER-€LuDE', v. t. [L. iiitercludo.] 1. To shut from"a 
place or course by something intervenmg ; to intercept 
2. To cut off" ; to interrupt. 

IX-TER-€LuD'ED, pp. Intercepted ; interrupted. 

IX-TER-€LuD IXG, ppr. Interrupting. 

IX'-TER-CLtTSIOX, 7!. Interception; a stopping. 

IX-TER-CO-LUM-XT-aTION, 71. [L. inter and columna.] 
In architecture, the space between two columns. 

t IX'-TER-€63IE', v. i. [inter and come.] To interpose ; to 
interfere. 

IX-TER-€0M'M0N, r. i. [inter and common.] 1. To feed 
at the same table. 2. To graze cattle in a common pas- 
ture ; to use a common with others. 

IN-TER-€OM'MOfs'-IXG, ppr. Feeding at the same table, 
or using a common pasture ; enjoying a common field 
with others. 

IX-TER-eOM-Mu'XI-€ATE, v. i. To communicate mu- 
tually ; to hold mutual communication. 

IX-TE'R-€OM-Mu-NI-€a' TION, n. Reciprocal communi- 
cation. 

IX-TER-€0:M-MuN'IOX, n. Mutual communion. Faber. 

IX"-TER-€OM-Mu'NI-TY, n. A mutual communication or 
community. 

IX-TER-€0ST'AL, a. [Fr.] Lying between the ribs 

IX-TER-€0ST'AL, n. A part lying between the ribs. 

IX'TER-CoCRSE, n. [L. intercursus.] 1. Communication ; 
commerce ; connection by reciprocal dealings between 
persons or nations. 2. Silent communication or exchange 

IX'-TER-€UR', V. i. [L. intercurro.] To intervene ; to come 
in the mean time. Shelton. 

IX-TER-€URfREXCE, n. [L. intercurrens.] A passing or 
running between. Boyle. 

IX'-TER-€UR'REXT, a. [L. intercurrens.] 1. Running be- 
tween or among. Boyle. 2. Occurring ; intervening. 
Barrow. 

IX'-TER-€U-Ta'X'E-OUS, a. Being within or under the 
skin. 

IXTER-DeAL, n. Mutual dealing ; traffick. 

IX-TER-DICT', V. t. [L. interdico.] 1. To forbid ; to pro- 
hibit. 2. To forbid communion ; to cut off" from the en- 
joyment of communion with a church. 

IX'TER-DI€T, ?(. [1.. interdictum.] 1. Prohibition; a pro- 
hibiting order or decree. 2. A papal prohibition by which 
the clergy are restrained from performing divine service ; 
a species" of ecclesiastical censure. 3. A papal prohibition 
by which persons are restrained from attending divine 
service, or prevented from enjoying some privilege. 



Sec Sinippsis. A, £, I, 6, V, Y, Ions FAR, FALL, WH^-T j— FRgY 5— PIN, MARINE, BiRD;— • f Obsolete. 



INT 



461 



INT 



dN-TER-DI€T'ED, pp. Forbid ; prohibited. 

IN-TER-DI€T'ING, ppr. Forbidding ; prohibiting ; cutting 
off from the enjoyment of some privilege. 

IN-TER-DI€'TION, n. [L. inter dictio.] The act of inter- 
dicting ; prohibition ; prohibiting decree ; curse. Milton. 

IN-TER-DI€T'IVE, a. Having power to prohibit. 

IN-TER-DiCT'O-RY, a. Serving to prohibit. 

. N-TER-E-aUI-NOC'TIAL, a. [inter and equinox.'] Com- 
ing between the vernal and autumnal equinoxes. 

t IN-TER-ESS', for interest. 

IN'TER-EST, v.t. [Fr. interesser.l 1. To concern 5 to 
affect ; to excite emotion or passion, usually in favor, but 
sometimes against a person or thing. 2. To give a share 
in. 3. To have a share. 4. To engage. — To interest 
one^s self, is to take a share or concern in. 

t IN'TER-EST, V. i. To affect ; to move , to touch with 
passion 

IN'TER-EST, n. 1. Concern ; advantage ; good. 2. In- 
fluence over others. 3. Share ; portion ; part ; participa- 
tion in value. 4. Regard to private profit. 5. Premium 
paid for the use of money. 6. Any surplus advantage. 

IN'TER-EST-ED, pp. 1. Made a sharer. 2. Affected; 
moved ; having the passions excited. 3. a. Having an 
interest ; concerned in a cause or in consequences 5 liable 
to be affected. 

IN'TER-EST-ING, ppr. 1. Giving a share or concern. 2. 
Engaging the affections. 3. a. Engaging the attention or 
curiosity £ exciting emotions or passions. 

IN-TER-FeRE', iJ. i. [h. inter and fero.] 1. To interpose ; 
to intermeddle ; to enter into or take a part in the con- 
cerns of others. 2. To clash ; to come in collision ; to be 
in opposition. 3. A horse is said to interfere, when one 
hoof or shoe strikes against the fetlock of the opposite leg, 
and breaks the skin or injures the flesh. 

IN-TER-FeR'ENCE, n. 1. Interposition ; an intermed- 
dling ; mediation. 2. A clashing or collision. 3. A strik- 
ing of one foot against the other. 

IN-TER-FeR'ING, ppr. 1. Interposing; meddling. 2. 
Clashing ; coming in collision. 3. Striking one foot 
against the fetlock of the opposite leg. 

IN-TER-FeR'ING, 71. Interference. £p. Butler. 

IN-TER'FLU-ENT, ) a. [L. interfiuo.] Flowing between. 

IN-TER'FLU-OUS, \ Boyle. 

IN-TER-FO-LI-A'CEOUS, a. [1j. inter sxid folium.] Being 
between opposite leaves, but placed alternately with 
them. 

IN-TER-Fo'LI-ATE, v. t. To interleave. Evelyn. 

IN-TER-FUL6'ENT, a. [L. inter and fulgens.] Shining 
between._JbA7isow. 

IN-TER-FuS'ED, (in-ter-f uzd') a. [L. interfusus.] Poured 
or spread between. Milton. 

IN'TER-IM, 71. [L.l The mean time ; time intervening. 

IN-Te'RI-OR, a. [L.] 1. Internal ; being within any 
limits, inclosure or substance ; inner ; opposed to exterior. 
2. Inland ; remote from the limits, frontier or shore. 

IN-Te'RI-OR, n. 1. The internal part of a thing ; the in- 
side^ 2. The inland part of a country, state or kingdom. 

IN-Te'RI-OR-LY, adv. Internally; inwardly. Donne. 

IN-TER-Ja'CEN-CY, n. [L. interjacens.] 1. A lying be- 
tween ; a bemg between ; intervention. 2. That which 
lies between ; llittle used.] 

IN-TER-Ja'CENT, a. [L. interjacens.] Lying or being be- 
tween ; intervening. Raleigh. 

IN-TER-JECT', v. t. [L. interjicio.] To throw between ; to 
throw in between other things ; to insert. 

t IN-TER-JECT', V. i. To come between ; to interpose. 
Sir G. Buck. 

1N-TER-JE€T'ED, pp. Thrown in or inserted between. 

tN-TER-JE€T'ING, ppr. Throwing or inserting between. 
[N-TER-JEC'TION, n. 1. The act of throwing between. 
2. A word in speaking or writing, thrown in between 
words connected in construction, to express some emotion 
or passion. 
IN-TER-JEC'TION-AL, a. Thrown in between other 
words or phrases. Observer. 

IN-TER-JOIN', V. t. To join mutually; to intermarry. 
[Little used.] 

IX-TER-KNOWL'ED6E, n. Mutual knowledge. [L. u.] 
IN-TER-LaCE', v. t. [Fr. entrelacer.] To intermix ; to 

put or insert one thing with another. 
IN-TER-La'CED. (in-ter-lasf) pp. Intermixed; inserted 

between other thin^. » 
IN-TER-La'CING, ppr. Intermixing ; inserting between. 
IN-TER-LAPSE', (in-ter-laps') n. The lapse or flow of tune 

between two events. 
IN-TER-LaRD', V. t. [Fr. entrelarder.] 1. Primarily, to 
mix tat with lean ; hence, to interpose ; to insert between. 
2. To mix ; to diversify by mixture. Hale. 
IN-TER-LARD'ED, pp. Interposed ; inserted between ; 

mixed. 
IN-TER-LARD'ING, ppr. Inserting between; intermix- 
ing. 
IN'TER-LeAF, n. A leaf inserted between other leaves; a 
blank leaf inserted. Chesterfield. 



IN-TER-LEAVE', v. t. To insert a leaf; to Insert a blank 
leaf or blank leaves in a book, between other leaves. 

IN-TER-LeAV'ED, (in-ter-leevd) pp. Inserted between 
leaves, or having blank leaves inserted between other 
leaves. 

IN-TER-LeAV'ING, ppr. Inserting blank leaves between 
other leaves. 

m-TER-LiNE', V. t. 1. To write in alternate lines. 2. Tc 
write between lines already written or printed. 

IN-TER-LIN'E-AR, ; a. Written between lines before 

IN-TER-LIN'E-A-RY, ] written or printed. 

IN-TER-LIN'E-A-RY, n. A book having insertions be- 
tween the leaves. 

IN-TER-LIN-E-A'TION, n. [inter and lineation.] 1. The 
act of inserting words or lines between lines before writ- 
ten or printed. 2. The words, passage or line mserted 
between lines before written or printed. 

IN-TER-LIN'ED, (in-ter-lind') pp. 1. Written between 
lines. 2. Containing a line or lines written between 
lines. 

IN-TER-LiN'ING, ppr. Writing between lines already 
written or printed. 

IN-TER-LlN'ING, n. Corr-^ction or alteration by writing 
between the lines. Burnet. 

IN-TER-LINK', v. t. To connect by uniting links ; to join 
one chain to another. Dryden. 

IN-TER-LINK'ED, (in-ter-linkt') pp. Connected by union 
of links ; joined. 

IN-TER-LINK'ING, ppr. Connecting by uniting links; 
joining. 

IN-TER-LO-€a'TION, n. A placing between; interposi- 
tion. 

IN-TER-1.0-€u'TION, n. [L. interlocutio.] 1. Dialogue ; 
conterence ; interchange 01 speech. — 2. In law, an inter- 
mediate act or decree before final decision. 

IN-TER-LOC'U-TOR, n. [L. interloquor.] 1. One who 
speaks in dialogue ; a dialogist. — 2. In Scots law, an in- 
terlocutory judgment or sentence. 

IN-TER-LOe'U-TO-RY, a. [Fr. interlocutoire.] 1. Con- 
sisting of dialogue. — 2. In law, intermediate ; not final or 
definitive. 

IN-TER-LoPE', V. i. [inter, and D. loopen.] To run between 
parties, and intercept the advantage that one should gain 
from the other; to trafiick without a proper license ; to 
forestall ;_to prevent right. 

IN-TER-LoP'ER, n. One who runs into business to which 
he has no right ; one who interferes wrongfully ; one who 
entere a country or place to trade without license. 

IN-TER-LoP'ING, ppr. Interfering wrongfully. 

IN-TER-Lu'CATE, v. t. To let in light by cutting away 
branches of trees. 

IN-TER-LU-€a'T10N, n. The act of thinning a wood to 
let in light. Evelyn. 

IN-TER-Lu'CENT, a. [L. interlucens.] Shining between. 

IN'TER-LUDE, 71. [L. inter and Indus.] An entertainment 
exhibited on the stage between the acts of a play, or be- 
tween the play and the afterpiece. In ancient tragedy, 
the chorus sung the interludes. 

IN'TER-LU-DER, 71. One that performs in an interiude. 

IN-TER-Lu'EN-CY, n. [L. interluens.] A flowing be- 
tween ; water interposed. [Little iised.] Hale. 

IN-TER-Lu'NAR, ; a. [L. inter and luna.] Belonging to 

IN-TER-Lu'NA-RY, \ the time when the moon, at or 
near its conjunction with the sun, is invisible. Milton. 

IN-TER-MAR'RIAGE, (in-ter-mar'ridje) n. Marriage be- 
tween two families, where each takes one and gives an- 
other. .Addison. 

IN-TER-MAR'RIED, pp. Mutually connected by mar- 
riage. 

IN-TER-MAR'RY, v.i. 1. To marry one and give another 
in marriage, as two families. 2. To marry some of each 
order, family, tribe or nation with the other. 

IN-TER-MAR'RY-ING, ppr. Mutually giving and receiv- 
ing in marriage ; mutually connecting by marriage. 

t IN-TER-MeAN, n. [inter and mean.] Interact; some- 
thing done in the mean time. Todd. 

t IN-TER-ME-A'TION, n. A flowing between. 

IN-TER-MED'DLE, v. i. To meddle in the affairs of oth 
ers ; to meddle officiously ; to interpose or interfere un- 
properly. 

t IN-TER-MED'DLE, v. t. To intermix ; to mingle. Spenser. 

IN-TER-MED'DLER, n. One that interposes officiously ; 
one who intermeddles. Swift. 

IN-TER-MED'DLING, ppr. Interposing officiouslv. 

IN-TER-MED'DLING, 71. Officious interposition." 

IN-TER-Me'DI-A-CY, n. Interposition ; intervention. 
[Unauthorized.] 

IN-TER-Me'DI-AL, a. [L. inter and medius.] Lying be- 
tween ; intervening ; intervenient. Evelyn 

IN-TEIJ.-Me'DI-A-RY, n. 1. Interposition ; intervention , 
[little used.] 2. Something interposed. 

IN-TER-Me'DI-ATE, a. [Fr. intermediat.] Lying or being 
in the middle place or degree between two extremes ; in- 
tervening; interposed. 



• See &yn<»>sis. MOVE, BOCX. DOVE ;— BJJLL, UNITE^C as K ; G aa J j S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



INT 



4653 



INT 



r rN-TER-MEDl-ATE, v. i. To intervene j to interpose. 

air H. Sheer e. 
N-TER-Me'DI-ATE, n. in chemistry, a substance wliich 
is the intermedium or means of chemical affinity. 

IN-7 ER-Me'DI-ATE-LY, ado. By way of intervention. 

I^-TER-ME-DI-A'TION, n. Intervention ; common means. 

IN -TER-Me'DI-UM, 71. 1. Intermediate space. ./3sA. 2. 
An intervening agent. Cowper. 

flN-TER-MELL', v. t. or t. [Fr. entremiler.'] To intermix 
or intermeddle. Fisher. 

IN-TER'MENT, n The act of depositing a dead body in 
the earth ; burial ; sepulture. 

I IN-TER-MEN TION, v. t. To mention among other 
things. 

tN-TER-MI-€a'TION, 71. [L. intermico.] A shining be- 
tween or among. 

N-TER-MI-GRa'TION, 71. Reciprocal migration ; removal 
from one country to another. 

IN-TERMI-NA-BLE, a. [L,. inandtermimis.] Boundless; 
endless ; admitting no limit. 

f IN-TERM'I-NA-BLE, n. He whom no bound or limit can 
confine. 

IN-TERM'I-NA-BLE-NESS, n. State of being intermina- 
ble ; endlessness. 

IN-TERM'I-NATE, a. [L. inter minatus.] Unbounded ; un- 
limited ; endless. Chapman. 

t IN-TERM'I-NATE, v. t. [L. inter mino^.] To menace. 

IN-TERM-I-Na'TION, 71. [L. interminor.J A menace or 
threat. Hall. 

IN-TER-MIN'GLE, v. t. To mingle or mix together ; to put 
some things with others. Hooker. 

IN-TER-MIN'GLE, v. i. To be mixed or incorporated. 

IN-TER-MIN'GLED, pp. Intermixed. Pope. 

IN-TER-MIN'GLING, ppr. Mingling or mixing together. 

IN-TER-MIS'SION, 7i. [L. intennissio.] 1. Cessation for 
a time ; pause ; intermediate stop. 2. Intervenient time. 
3. The temporary cessation or subsidence of a fever ; the 
space of time between the paroxysms of a disease. Inter- 
mission is an entire cessation, as distinguished from re- 
mission oi abatement of fever. 4. The state of being neg- 
lected ; disuse, as of words ; [little used.\ 

TN-TER-MIS'PIVE, a. Coming by fits or after temporary 
cessations; not continual. Hoioell. 

IN-TER-MIT', v. f, [L,. intermitto.] To cause to cease for a 
time ; to interrupt ; to suspend. 

IN-TER-MIT', V. i. To cease for a time ; to go off at inter- 
vals, as a fever. 

IN-TER-MIT'TED, pp. Caused to cease for a time. 

IN-TER-MIT'TENT, a. Ceasing at intervals. 

IN-TER-MIT'TENT, n. A fever which entirely subsides 
or ceases at certain intervals. 

^N-TER-MIT'TING, ppr. 1. Ceasing for a time ; pausing. 
2. Causing to cease. 

tN-TER-MlT'TING-LY, adv. With intermissions. 

IN-TER-MIX', v.t. To mix together , to put somethings 
with others ; to intermingle Milton. 

fN-TER-MIX', V. i. To be mixed together ; to be intermin- 
gled. 

'N-TER-MIX'En, (in-ter-mixf) pp. Mingled together. 

£N-TEIUMIX'ING, ppr. Intermingling. 

iN-TER-MIXT'URE, n. 1. A mass formed by mixture ; a 
mass of ingredients mixed. 2. Admixture; something 
additional mingled in a mass. 

IN-TER-MONT'ANE, a. Between mountains. 

IN-TER-MUND'ANE, a. [L.. inter and mundanus.] Being 
between worlds, or Jietween orb and orb. 

IN-TER-MU'RAL, a. Lying between walls. Ain^worth. 

IN-TER-MUS'€U-LAR, a. Between the muscles. 

IN-TER-MU-Ta'TION, 71. Interchange ; mutual change. 

IN-TER-MU'TU-AL, for mutual, is an illegitimate word. 

IN-TERN', a. Internal. [JVot much used.] Howell. 

IN-TERN'AL, a. [Ta. internus.] 1. Inward; interior; be- 
ing within any limit or surface; not external. 2. Per- 
taining to the heart. 3. Intrmsic; real. 4. Confined to 
a country ; domestic ; not foreign. 

IN-TERN AL-LY, adv. 1. Inwardly ; within the body ; 
beneath the surface. 2. Mentally; intellectually. 3. 
Spiritually. 

IN-TER-Na'TION-AL, [See * National.] a. [inter and 
national.] Existing and regulating the mutual intercourse 
between different nations. Baring. 

IN-TER-Ne'CiNE, a. [L. intemecinus.] Deadly. 

IN-TER-Ne'CION, 71. [L. internecio.] Mutual slaughter or 
destniction. [Little used.] Hale. 

IN-TER-NEC'TION, 71. Connection. W. Mountagu. 

IN'TER-NODE, n. [L. intemodium.] In botany, the space 
between two joints of a plant. 

IN-TER-NUN'CIO, n. [L. intemuncius.] A messenger be- 
tween two parties. Johnson. 

IN-TER-OS'SE-AL, I a. [L. inter and os.] Situated be- 

IN-TER-OS'SE-OUS, ] tween bones. 

t IN-TER-PeAL', v. t. [L. interpello.] To interrupt. 

1 1 N-TER-PEL', v. t. To set forth. B. Jonson. 

IN-TER-PEL-La'TION, n. [L. interpellatio.] 1. A sum- 



mons , a citation. 2. Interruption. 3. An earnest ad 
dress ; intercession. 

IN-TER-PLeAD', v. i. In law, to discuss a point incident 
ally happening, before tl>e principal cause can be tried. 

IN-TER-PLeAD'ER, 71. A bill of interpleader, in chancery, 
is where a person owes a debt or rent to one of the parties 
in suit, but, till the determination of it he knows not to 
which. 

IN-TER-PLED6E', (in-ter-plej') v. t. To give and take as 
a mutual pledge. Davenant. 

IN-TER-POINT', V. t. To point ; to distinguish by stops. . 

*IN'TER-PO-LATE, or IN-TER'PO-LATE, v.t. [Fr. inr 
terpoler; L. interpolo.] 1. To renew ; to begin again ; to 
carry on with intermission ; [obs.] 2. To foist in ; to in- 
sert, as a spurious word or passage in a manuscript or 
book ; to add a spurious word or passage to the original. 

*IN'TER-PO-LA-TED, or IN-TER'PO-LA-TED, j?;?. In^ 
serted or added to the original. 

*IN'TER-PO-LA-TING, or IN-TERTO-LA-TING, ppr. 
Foisting in what is spurious. 

IN-TER-PO-La'TION, 71. 1. Theactoffoistingawordor 
passage into a manuscript or book. 2. A spurious word 
or passage inserted in the genuine writings of an author. 
— 3. In mathematics, a branch of analysis. 

* IN'TER-PO-LA-TOR, or IN-TER'PO-LA-TOR, n. [I..j 
One who foists into a book or manuscript spurious words 
or passages ; one who adds something to genuine writ 
ings. 

IN-TER-POL'ISH, v. t. To polish between. 

t IN-TER-PoNE', V. t. To set or insert between. 

IN-TER-PoS'AL, 7i. 1. The act of interposing ; interposi- 
tion ; interference ; agency between two persons. 2. In- 
tervention ; a coming or being between. 

IN-TER-P6SE', V. t. [Fr. interposer.] 1. To place be- 
tween ; as, to interpose a body between the sun and the 
earth. 2. To place between or among ; to thrust in ; to in- 
trude, as an obstruction, interruption or inconvenience 
3. To offer, as aid or services, for relief or the adjustment 
of differences. 

IN-TER-PoSE', V. i. 1. To step in between parties at va- 
riance ; to mediate. 2. To put in by way of interruption. 

t IN-TER-PoSE', 71. Interposal. Spenser. 

IN-TER-PoS'ED, (in-ter-p6zd') pp. Placed between or 
among ; thrust in. 

IN-TER-PoS'ER, n. One that interposes or comes between 
others ; Ei_raediator or agent between parties. 

IN-TEK-PoS'ING,p^7-. Placing between ; coming between ; 
offering aid or services. 

IN-TER-POS'IT, 71. A place of deposit between one com- 
mercial city or country and another. jMitford. 

IN-TER-PO-Sl"TION, n. [L. interpositio.] 1. A being, 
placing or coming between ; intervention. 2. Interveni- 
ent agency 3. Mediation ; agency between parties. 4. 
Any thing interposed. 

t IN-TER-PoS'URE, n. Interposal. Glanville 

IN-TER'PRET, v. t. [Fr. interpreter ; L. interpreter.] 1. 
To explain the meaning of words to a person who does 
not understand them ; to expound ; tr translate unintelli- 
gible words into intelligible ones. 2. To explain or un- 
fold the meaning of predictions, visions, dreams or enig- 
mas ; to expound. 3. To decipher. 4. To explain some- 
thing not understood. 5. To define ; to explain words by 
other words in the same language. 

IN-TER'PRE-TA-BLE, a. That may be interpreted. 

IN-TER-PRE-Ta'TION, n. [L. interpretatio.] 1. The act 
of interpreting ; explanation of unintelligible words in 
language that is intelligible. 2. The act of expounding 
or unfolding what is not understood or not obvious. 3. 
The sense given by an interpreter ; exposition. 4. The 
power of explaining. 

IN-TER'PRE-TA-TiVE, a. 1. Collected or known by in- 
terpretation. 2. Containing explanation. 

IN-TER'PRE-TA-TiVE-LY, adv. As may be coUected by 
interpretation. Ray. 

IN-TER'PRET-ED, pp. Explained ; expounded. 

IN-TER'PRET-ER, n. I. One that explains or expounds; 
an expositor. 2. A translator. 

IN-TER'PRET-ING, j>pr. Explaining; expounding ; trans- 
lating. 

IN-TER-PUN€'TI0N, 7»,. [L. interpunctio.] The making 
of points between sentences or parts of a sentence. 

IN-TER-REG'NUM, 71. [L. inter and regnum..] The time in 
which a throne is vacant, between the death or abdica- 
tion of a king and the accession of his successor. 

IN-TER-REIGN', (in-ter-rane') n. An interregnum, or va- 
cancy of the throne. Bacon. 

IN-TER'RER, n. One that inters or buries. 

IN'TER-REX, 71. [h. inter and rex.] A regent ; a magistrate 
that governs durmg an interregnum. 

IN-TER'RO-GATE, v. t. [Fr. interroger ; L.interrogo.] To 

question ; to examine by asking questions. 
IN-TER'RO-GATE, v. i. To ask questions. Bacon. 
t IN-TER'RO-GATE, n. Question put ; inquiry. Bp. Hall, 
IN-TER'RO-GA-TED, pp. Examined by questions. 



* See Synopsis. A. E, I. O. U, Y, long —FAR , FALL, WHAT j— PR£Y ;— PtN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsclete. 



INT 



463 



INT 



IN-TER'RO-GA-TING, ppr. Asking questions of one ; ex- 
amining by questions. 

IN-TER-RO-Ga'TION, n. 1. The act of questioning ; ex- 
amination by questions. 2. A question put ; inquiry. 3. 
A note tliat marks a question. 

IN-TER-ROG'A-TlVE, a. [Fr. interrogatif.] Denoting a 
question 3 expressed in the form of a question. 

IN-TER-ROG'A-TiVE, n. A word used in asking ques- 
tions ; as, who 1 what ? 

IN-TER-ROG'A-TiVE-LY, adv. In the form of a question. 

IN-TER'RO-GA-TOR, n. One who asks questions. 

IN-TER-ROG'A-TO-RY, n. [Fr. interrogatoire.] A ques- 
tion or inquiry. — In law, a particular question to a wit- 
ness, who is to answer it under the solemnities of an oath. 

IN-TER-ROG'A-TO-RY, a. Containing a question j ex- 
pressing a question. 

IN-TER-RUPT', V. t. [L. interruptus.] 1. To stop or hin- 
der by breaking in upon the course or progress of any 
thing ; to break the current or motion of. 2. To divide; 
to separate ; to break continuity or a continued series. 

IN-TER-RUPT', a. Broken ; containing a chasm. 

IN-TER-RUPT ED, pp. Stopped ; hindered from proceed- 
ing. 

IN-TER-RUPT'ED-LY, adv. With breaks or interruptions. 

IN-TER-RUPT'ER, n. One that interrupts. 

IN-TER-RUPT'ING, ppr. Hindering by breaking in upon. 

IN-TER-RUP'TION, n. [L. interruptio.] 1. The act of in- 
terrupting, or breaking in upon progression. 2. Breach 
of any thing extended 5 interposition. 3. Intervention ; 
interposition. 4. Stop ; hinderance ; obstruction caused 
by breaking in upon any course, current, progress or mo- 
tion. 5. Stop; cessjUion; intermission. 

IN-TER-S€AP'U-LAR, a. [L. inter and scapula.] Situated 
between the shoulders. 

IN-TER-SCIND', v. t. [L. inter and scindo.] To cut off. 

IN-TER-S€RlBE', v. t. To write between. Diet. 

IN-TER-Se'€ANT, a. [L. intersecans.] Dividing into 
parts ; crossing. Diet. 

IN-TER-SE€T', v. t. [L. interseco.] To cut or cross mutu- 
ally ; to divide into parts. 

IN-TER-SE€T', v. i. To meet and cross each other. 

IN-TER-SE€T'ED, pp. Cut or divided into parts ; crossed. 

IN-TER-SE€T'ING, ppr. Cutting ; crossing, as lines. 

IN-TER-SE€'TION , n. [L. interseetio.] 1. The act or 
state of intersecting. 2. The point or line in which two 
lines or two planes cut each other. 

IN-TER-SEM'I-NATE, v. t. [L. interseminatus.] To sow 
between or among. [Little used.] 

IN-TER-SERT', v. t. [L. intersero.] To set or put in be- 
tween other things. Brerewood. 

IN-TER-SER'TION, n. An insertion, or thing inserted be- 
tween other things. Hammond. 

IN'TER-SPACE, n. A space between other things. 

IN-TER-SPERSE', (in-ter-spers') v. t. [L. interspersus.] 
To scatter or set here and there among other things. 

IN-TER-SPERS'ED, (in-ter-spersf) pp. Scattered or situ- 
ated here and there among other tilings. 

IN-TER-SPERS'ING, ppr. Scattering here and there among 
other things. 

IN-TER-SPER'SION, n. The act of scattering or setting 
here and there among other things. 

IN-TER-STEL'LAR, a. [L. inter and Stella.] Situated be- 
yond the solar system. Bacon. 

* IN'TER-STlCE, or IN-TER'STlCE, n. [Fr., from L. in- 
terstitium.] 1. A space between things ; but chiefly, a 
narrow or small space between things closely set, or the 
parts which compose a body. 2. Time between one act 
and another; interval. 

t IN-TER-STINCT'IVE, a. Distinguishing. JVallis. 

IN-TER-STi"TIAL, a. Pertaining to or containing inter- 



IN-TER-STRAT'I-FlED, a. Stratified among or between 
other bodies. Encyc. 

t IN-TER-TALK', (in-ter-tawk') ?) t. To exchange conver- 
sation . 

IN-TER-TAN'GLE, v. t. To intertwist ; to entangle. 

IN-TER-TEXT'URE, n. [l.. intertextus.] The act of inter- 
weaving, or the state of things interwoven. 

IN'TER-TlE, or IN'TER-DUCE, n. In carpentry, a small 
timber between summers. 

IN-TER-TROP'I-CAL, a. Situated between the tropics. 

IN-TER-TWiNE', v. t. To unite by twining or twisting 
one with an_other. Milton. 

IN-TER-TWiN'ED, (in-ter-twind') pp. Twined or twisted 
one with another. 

[N-TER-TWiN'ING, ppr. Twining one with another. 

IN-TER-TWIST', ■;;. t. To twist one with another. 

IN-TER-TWIST'ED, pp. Twisted one with another. 

IN-TER-TWIST'ING, ppr. Twisting one with another. 

IN'TER-VAL, 71. [Fr. intervalle ; L. intervallum.] 1. A 
space between things ; a void space intervening between 
any two objects. 2. Space of time between any two 
points or events. 3. The space of time between two par- 
oxysms of disease, pain, or delirium; remission. 4. The 



distance between two given sounds in music, or the dif- 
ference in point of gravity or acuteness. 5. A tract of 
low or plain ground between hills, or along the banks of 
rivers, usually alluvial land of rivers. Hutchinson. 

IN-TER-VEIN'ED, a. Intersected as with veins. 

IN-TER-VeNE', v. i. [L. intervenio.] 1. To come or be 
between persons or things ; to be situated between. 2. 
To come between points of time or events. 3. To happen 
in a way to disturb, cross or interrupt. 4. To interpose 
or undertake voluntarily for another. 

IN-TER-VeNE', n. A coming between. Wotton. 

IN-TER-VeN'I-ENT, a. Coming or being between ; inter- 
cedent ; interposed. [Little used.] Bacon. 

IN-TER-VeN'ING, ppr. or a. Coming or being between 
-persons or things, or between points of time. 

IN-TER-VEN'TION, n. [L. interventio.] 1. A state of 
coming or being between ; interposition. 2. Agency of 
persons between persons ; interposition ; mediation ; any 
interference that may atfect the interests of others. 3 
Agency of means or mstruments. 4. Interposition in fa- 
vor of another ; a voluntary undertaking of one party for 
another. 

t IN-TER-VEN'UE, n. [Fr. intervenu.] Interposition 

IN-TER-VERT', v. t. [L. interverto.] To turn to another 
course or to another use. [Little used.] Wotton. 

IN'TER-VIEW, (in'ter-vu) n. [inter and view.] A mutual 
sight or view ; a meeting ; a conference or mutual com- 
munication of thoughts. 

IN-TER-VOLVE', (in-ter-volv') v. t. [L. intervolvc] To 
involve one within another. Milton. 

IN-TER-VOLV'ED, (in-ter-volvd') pp. Involved one with- 
in another ; wrapped together. 

IN-TER-VQLV'ING, ppr. Involving one within another 

IN-TER-WeAVE', v. t. ; pret. interwove ,• pp. interwoven. 
1. To weave together ; to intermix or unite in texture or 
construction. 2. To intermix; to set among or together. 
3. To intermingle ; to insert together. 

INrTER-WEAV'lNG, ppr. Weaving together. 

IN-TER-WeAV'ING, n. Intertexture. Milton. 

IN-TER-WISH', v. t. To wish mutually to each other. 
[Little used.] 

IN-TER-W6RK'ING, n. The act of working together. 

IN-TER-WReATH'ED, (in-ter-reethd') a. Woven into a 
wreath. 

IN-TEST' A-BLE, a. [L. intestabilis.] Not capable of mak- 
ing a will ; legally unqualified or disqualified to make a 
testament. 

IN-TEST'A-CY, n. The state of dying without making a 
will or disposing of one's effects. 

IN-TEST'ATE, a. [Fr.intestat; 1.. intestatus.] 1. Dying 
witliout having made a will. 2. Not devised ; not dis- 
posed of by will. 

IN-TEST'ATE, n. A person who dies without making a 
will. Blackstone. 

IN-TEST'I-NAL, a. Pertaining to the intestines of an ani- 
mal body. Arbnthnot. 

IN-TEST'lNE, a. [Fr. intestin ; L. intestinv^.] 1. Inter- 
nal ; inward ; opposed to external ; applied to the human 
or other animal body. 2. Internal with regard to a state 
or country ; domestic, not foreign ; as, intestine feuds. 
This word is usually or always applied to evils. 

IN-TEST'lNE, n. ; usually in the plural. Intestines. The 
bowels. 

t IN-THtRST', V. t. To make thirsty. Bp. Hall. 

IN-THRALL', v. t. {in and thrall.] To enslave ; to reduce 
to bondage or servitude ; to shackle. < 

IN-THRALL'ED, (in-thrawld') pp. Enslaved ; reduced to 
servitude. 

IN-THRALL'ING, ppr. Enslaving. 

IN-THRALL'MENT, n. Servitude; slavery; bondage. 
Milton. 

IN-THRoNE', V. t. To seat on a throne ; to raise to royalty 
or supreme dominion. See Enthrone. 

t IN-THRO-Nl-ZA'TION, n. The act of enthroning. 

t IN-THRoN'iZE, v. t. To enthrone. 

IN'TI-MA-CY, 71. Close familiarity or fellowship; nearness 
in friendship. Rogers. 

IN'TI-MATE, a. [L. intimv^.] 1. Inmost ; inward ; inter- 
nal. 2. Near; close. 3. Close in friendship or acquaint- 
ance ; familiar. 

IN'TI-MATE, n. A familiar friend or associate ; one to 
whom the thoughts of another are intrusted without re- 
serve. 

t IN'TI-MATE, V. i. To share together. Spenser. 

IN'TI-MATE, V. t. [Fr. intimer.] To hint ; to suggest ob- 
scurely, indhectly or not very plainly ; to give slight no- 
tice of. 

IN'TI-MA-TED, pp. Hinted ; slightly mentioned or signi- 
fied. 

IN'TI-MATE-LY, adv. 1. Closely ; with close intermixt- 
ure and union of parts. 2. Closely ; with nearness of 
friendship or alliance. 3. Familiarly ; particularly. 

IN'TI-MA-TING, ppr. Hinting ; suggesting. 

IN-TI-Ma'TION, n. [Fr.] Hint; an obscure or indirect 



* Se'. Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;-BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



INT 



464 



INT 



suggestion or notice ; a declaration or remark communi- 
cating imperfect information. 

MJNJ'TIME, a. [L.intimus.] Inward; internal. Digby. 

IN-TIM'I-DATE, v. t. [Fr. inti-mider.} To make fearful 3 
to inspire with fear ; to dishearten ; to abash. 

IN-TIM'I-DA-TED,pp. Made fearful ; abashed. 

IN-TIM'I-DA-TING, ppr. Making fearful ; abashing. 

IN-TIM-I-Da'TION, «. The act of making fearful ; the 
state of being abashed. 

IN-TIN€-TIV'1-TY, n. The want of the quality of coloring 
or tinging other bodies. Kirwan. 

IN-TiRE', IN-TIRE LF. See Entire and its derivatives. 

IN-Ti'TLE. See Entitle. 

IN'TO, prep, [in and to.] 1. Noting entrance or a passing 
from the outside of a thing to its interior parts. It follows 
verbs expressing motion. 2. Noting penetration beyond 
the outside or surface, or access to it. 3. Noting insertion. 
4. Noting mixture. 5. Noting inclusion. 6. Noting the 
passing of a thing from one form or state to another. 

IN-TOL'ER-A-BLE, a. [Fr. from L. intolerabilis.] 1. Not 
to be borne ; that cannot be endured. 2. Insufferable. 

rN-TOL'ER-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being not 
tolerable or sufferable. 

W-TOL'ER-A-BLY, adv. To a degree beyond endurance. 

rN-TOL'ER-ANCE, n. Want of toleration ; tlie not en- 
during at all, or not suffering to exist without persecution. 

?N-TOL'ER-ANT, a. [Fr.] 1. Not enduring ; not able to 
endure. 2. Not enduring difference of opinion or wor- 
ship ; refusing to tolerate others. 

8N-TOL'ER-ANT, n. One who does not favor toleration. 

.N-TOL'ER-A-TED, a. Not endured ; not tolerated. 

4N-TOL-ER-A'TION, n. Intolerance 5 refusal to tolerate 
others in their opinions or worship. 

jN-ToMB', (in-toom') v. t. To deposit in a tomb ; to bury. 

lN-Tc)MB'ED, (in-toomd') np. Deposited in a tomb ; buried. 

kN-ToMB'ING, (in-tooin'ing) ppr. Depositing in a tomb. 

IN'TO-NATE, V. i. [L. intunatiis.'] 1. To sound ; to sound 
the notes of the musical scale. 2. To thunder. 

IN-TO-Na'TION, n. 1. In music^ the action of sounding the 
notes of the scale with the voice, or any other given order 
of musical tones. 2. The manner of sounding or tuning 
the notes of a musical scale. — 3. In speaking, the modula- 
tion of the voice in expression. 

IN-ToNE', V. i. [L. intono.] To utter a sound, or a deep 
protracted souna. Pope. 

IN-TOR'SION, n. [L. intorsum.] A winding, bending or 
twisting. — In botany, the bending or twining of any part 
of a plant. 

W'TORT',v.t. [L. intortus.] To twist; to wreath ; to 
wind ; to wring. Pope. 

IN-TORT'ED, pp. Twisted ; made winding. Pope. 

IN-TORT'ING, ]}pr. Winding; twisting. 

IN-TOX'I-€ATE, v. t. [in and jL. tozicum.] 1. To inebri- 
ate ; to make drunk ; as with spirituous liquor. 2. To 
excite the spirits to a kind of delirium ; to elate to enthu- 
siasm, frenzy or madness. 

IN-TOX'I-€ATE a. Inebriated. More. 

IN-TOXI-€A-TED,p,'7. Inebriated; made drunk; excited 
to frenzy. 

IN-TOX'I-€A-TING, ]?pr. 1. Inebriating; elating to excess 
or frenzy. 2. a. Having qualities that produce inebriation. 

IN-TOX'I-€A-TION, n. Inebriation ; ebriety ; drunken- 
ness ; the act of making drunk. South. 

1N-TRA€T'A-BLE, a. [L. intractabiUs.] 1. Not to be gov- 
erned or managed ; violent ; stubborn ; obstinate ; refrac- 
tory. 2. Not to be taught ; indocile. 

IN-TRA€T'A-BLE-NESS, ) n. 1. The quality of being 

IN-TRA€T-A-BIL'I-TY, ) ungovernable; obstinacy; 
perverseness. 2. Indocility. 

IN- TRACT' A-BLY, adv. In a perverse, stubborn manner. 

IN-TRA-FO-LI-A'CEOUS, a. [L. intra and /oZmm.] In 
botAiny, growing on the inside of a leaf. 

IN-TRaNCE'. See Entrance. 

IN-TRAN-aUIL'LI-TY, n. Unquietness ; want of rest. 

IN-TRAN'SIENT, a. Not transient ; not passing suddenly 
away. Killinffbeck. 

IN-TRANS'I-TlVE, a. [L. intransitivus.] In grammar, an 
intransitive verb is one which expresses an action or state 
that is limited to the agent, or, in other words, an action 
that does not pass over to, or operate upon, an object. 

IN-TRANS'f-TiVE-LY, adv. Without an object following ; 
in the manner of an intransitive verb. 

IN-TRANS-MIS'SI-BLE, a. That cannot be transmitted. 
J. P. Smith 

IN-TRANS-MU-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of not being 
transmutable. Ray. 

IN-TRANS-MtJ'TA-BLE, a. That cannot be transmuted 
or changed into another substance. Ray, 

IN'TRANT, a. [L, intrans.j Entering ; penetrating. 

IN-TREAS'URE, (in-trezh ur) v. t. To lay up as in a treas- 
ury. [Little used.] Shak 

IN-TReAT'FLiL, a. See Entreatful. 

IN-TRENCH'i" V. t. [in, and Fr. trancher.] 1. To dig or 
cut a trench around a place, as in fortification ; to fortify 



with a ditch and parapet. 2. To furrow; to make 
hollows in. — To intrench on, literalhy, to invade; to en- 
croach. 

IN-TRENCH', V. t. [Fr. in and trancher.] To invade ; to 
encroach. 

t IN-TRENCH' ANT, a. Not to be divided or wounded ; in- 
divisible. Shak. 

IN-TRENCH'ED, (in-trenehf) pp. Fortified with a ditch 
and parapet. 

IN-TRENCH'ING,;)j)r. Fortifying with a trench and par- 
apet. 

IN-TRENCH'MENT, n. A trench ; a ditch and parapet. 

IN-TREP'ID, a. [L. intrepidus.] Fearless ; bold ; brave 
undaunted. 

IN-TRE-PID'I-TY, n. [Fr. intrepidite.] Fearlessness, 
fearless bravery in danger ; undaunted courage. 

IN-TREP'ID-LY, adv. Without trembling or shrinking 
from danger ; fearlessly ; daringly ; resolutely. 

t IN'TRI-€A-BLE, a. Entangling. Shelton. 

IN'TRI-€A-CY, 71. The state of being entangled ; perplex- 
ity ; involution ; complication, .dddison. 

IN'TRI-€ATE, a- [L. mtricatus.] Entangled ; involved ; 
perplexed ; complicated ; obscure. 

IN'TRI-€ATE, v. t. To perplex ; to make obscure. [L. u.] 

IN'TRI-€ATE-LY, adv. With involution or iiifoldings ; 
with perplexity or intricacy. Wotton. 

IN'TRI-eATE-NESS, n. The state of being involved ; in- 
volution ; complication ; perplexity. Sidney. 

t IN-TRI-€a'TION, n. Entanglement. 

IN-TRiGUE', (in-treeg') n. [Fr. ; It. intrigo.] 1. A plot 
or scheme of a complicated nature, intended to effect 
some purpose by secret artifices ; usually applied to affairs 
of love or government. 2. The plot of a play or romance 
3. Intricacy ; complication ; [obs.] Hale. 

IN-TRIGUE', (in-treeg') v. i. To form a plot or scheme, 
usually complicated, and intended to effect some purpose 
by secret artifices. 

t IN-TRIGUE', (in-treeg') v. t. To perplex or render intri- 
cate. 

IN-TRiGU'ER, (in-treeg'er) n. One who intrigues ; one 
who forms plots, or pursues an object by secret artifices. 

IN-TRIGU'ING (in-treeg'ing) ppr. 1. Forming secret plots 
or schemes. 2. a. Addicted to intrigue ; given to secret 
machinations. 

IN-TRIGU'ING-LY, (in-treeg'ing-ly) adv. With intrigue ; 
with artifice or secret machinations. 

t IN-TRIN'SE-€ATE, a. Entangled ; perplexed. 

IN-TRIN'SI€, } a. [Ft. intrinseque ; 1,. hitrinsecus.] 1. 

IN-TRIN'SI-eAL, \ Inward ; internal ; hence, true ; 
genuine ; real ; essential ; inherent ; not apparent or acci- 
dental. 2. Intimate ; closely familiar ; [obs.] Wotton. 

IN-TRIN'SI-€AL-LY, adv. Internally ; in its nature ; real- 
ly ; truly. South. 

IN-TRO-DtJCE', V. t. [L. introduco.] 1. To lead or bring 
in ; to conduct or usher into a place. 2. To conduct and 
make known ; to bring to be acquainted. 3. To bring 
something new into notice or practice. 4. To bring in ; 
to import. 5. To produce ; to cause to exist. 6. To be- 
gin to open to noiice. 7. To bring before the public by 
writing or discourse. 

IN-TRO-DtJ'CED, (in-tro-dusf) pp. Led or conducted in ; 
brought in ; made acquainted ; imported. 

IN-TRO-Du'CER, n. One who introduces ; one who con- 
ducts another to a place or person ; one who makes stran- 
gers known to each other. 

IN-TRO-Du'CING, ppr. Conducting or bringing in ; mak- 
ing known, as one stranger to another; bringing any 
thing into notice or practice. 

IN-TRO-DU€'TION, n. [h. introductio.] 1. The action of 
conducting or ushering into a place. 2. The act of bring- 
ing into a country. 3. The act of bringing something 
into notice, practice or use. 4. The part of a book which 
precedes the main work ; a preface or preliminary dis- 
course. 5. The first part of an oration or discourse, in 
which the speaker gives some general account of his 
design and subject. 

IN-TRO-DU€'TIVE, a. Serving to introduce ; serving as 
the means to bring forward something. 

t IN-TRO-DU€'TOR, ?*. An introducer. 

IN-TRO-DU€'TO-RY, a. Serving to introduce something 
else ; previous ; prefatory ; preliminary. 

t IN-TRO-GRES'S.^ON, m. [L. introgressio.] Entrance. 

IN-TROIT', n. [Old Fr. introite.] A psalm which, from 
its being sung whilst the priest made his entrance within 
the rails of the altar, was called introitus or introit 
Wheatley. 

IN-TRO-MIS'SION, n. [L. intr omissus.] 1. The action of 
sending in. — 2. In Scottish law, an intermeddling with the 
efTects of another. 

IN-TRO-MIT', V. t. [L. intromitto.] To send in ; to let in ; 
to admit. 2. To allow to enter ; to be the reedium by 
which a thing enters. 

IN-TRO-MIT', V. i. To intermeddle with the effects of 
another. 



♦ See Synopsis A, K, T, O, t!. ^. long.—V^ R. Fy^T^j., WKAI' v-- PREY ;~HN, MARINE. BIRD ;— Obiolae. 



INU 



465 



INV 



IN rRO-RE-CEP'TION, n. The act of admitting into or 
within. 

IN-TRO-SPEGT', v. t. [L. introspicio.] To look into or 
within ; to view the inside. 

TN-TRO-SPE€'TION, n. A view of the inside or interior. 

j IN-TRO-SUME', V. t. [L. intro and sumo.] To sink in. 
Evelyn. 

IN-TRO-SUS-CEP'TION, or IN-TUS-SUS-CEP'TION, n. 
The falling of one part of an intestine into another. 

IN-TRO-VE'NI-ENT, a. [L. intro and veniens.] Coming 
in or between; entering. [Little used.] Brown. 

IN-TRO-VER'SION, n. The act of turning inwards. 

JN-TRO-VERT', v. t. [L. intro and verto.] To turn in- 
wards. Cowper. 

TN-TRtJDE', V. i. [L. intrudo.] 1. To thrust one's self in ; 
to come or go in without invitation or welcome. 2. To 
encroach ; to enter or force one's self in without permis- 
sion. 3. To enter uncalled or uninvited, or without just 
right. 

IN-TRuDE', V. t. 1. To thrust one's self in, or to enter 
into some place without right or welcome. 2. To force 
or cast in. 

IN-TRuD'ED, pp. Thrust in. 

IN-TRuD'ER, n. One who intrudes ; one who thrusts him- 
self in, or enters where he has no right or is not welcome. 

IN-TRuD'ING, ppr. Entering without invitation, right or 
welcome. 

IN-TRu'SION, TO. [L. intrusio.] 1. The action of thrusting 
in, or of entering into a place or state without invitation, 
right or welcome. 2, Encroachment ; entrance without 
right on the property or possessions of another. 3. Volun- 
tary entrance on an undeVtakiug unsuitable for the person. 

IN-TRu'SIVE, a. Thrusting in or entering without right 
or welcome ; apt to intrude. 

IN-TRUST', V. t. To deliver in trust ; to confide to the care 
of; to commit to another with confidence in his fidelity. 

IN-TRUST'EB, pp. Delivered in trust; committed to the 
hands or care of another, in confidence that he will be 
faithful in discharging his duty. 

IN-TRUST'ING, ppr. Delivering in trust ; confiding to the 
care of. 

IN-TU-i"TION, n. [L. intuitus.] A looking on ; a sight or 
view ; the act by which the mind perceives the agree- 
ment or disagreement of two ideas, or the truth of 
things, the moment they are presented. 

IN-TU'I-TIVE, ffl. [Sp. and It. intuitivo ; Fr. intuitif.] 1. 
Perceived by the mind immediately, without the inter- 
vention of argument or testimony ; exhibiting truth to the 
mind on bare inspection. 2. Received or obtained by in- 
tuition or simple inspection. 3. Seeing clearly. 4. Hav- 
ing the power of discovering truth without reasoning. 

IN-TU'1-TIVE-LY, adv. By immediate perception ; with- 
out reasoning. 

IN TU-MESCE', (in-tu-mes') v. i. [L. intumesco.] To 
swell ; to enlarge or expand with heat. 

IN-TU-MES'CENCE, n. 1. The action of swelling. 2. A 
swell ; a swelling with bubbles ; a rising and enlarging ; 
a tumid state. 

tIN-T©'MU-LA-TED, a. [L. intumulatus.] Unburied. 
Cockeram. 

IN-TUR-6ES'CENCE, n. [L. in and turgesco.] A swell- 
ing ; the action of swelling or state of being swelled. 

t IN-TuSE', n. [L. intusus.] A bruise. Spenser. 

IN-TWTNE', V. t. To twine or twist together ; to wreath. 

IN-TWiN'ED, (in-twind') pp. Twisted together. 

IN-TWIN'ING, ppr. Wreathing together. 

IN-TWIST', V. t. To twist together ; to interweave. 

IN-TWIST'ED, pp. Twisted together. 

IN-TWIST'ING, ppr. Twisting together. 

TN'U-LIN, n. A peculiar vegetable principle extracted 
from the inula helenium, or elecampane. Ure. 

IN-UM'BRaTE, v. t. [L. inumbro.] To shade. 

tIN-UN€'TED, a. Anointed. Cockeram. 

TN-UNG'TION, 71. [L. inunctus.] The action of anointing; 
unction. Ray. 

[N-UN€-TU-0S'I-TY, n. [L. in and unctus.] The want 
of unctuosity ; destitution of greasiness or oiliness which 
is perceptible to the touch. 

IN-UN'DANT, a. [L. inundans.] Overflowing. 

IN-UN'DaTE, v. t. [L. inundaius.] 1. To overflow ; to 
deluge ; to spread over with a fluid. 2. To fill with an 
overflowing abundance or supei-fluity. 

IN-UN'DA-TED, pp. Overflowed ; spread over with a fluid ; 



copiously supplied 

N-UN" ■ 

over. 



ipplie 
ING, 



IN-UN'DA-TING, ppr. Overflowing ; deluging ; spreading 
over. 

[N-UN-Da'TION, n. [L. inundatio.] 1. An overflow 
of water or other fluid ; a flood ; a rising and spreading 
of water over low grounds. 2. An overspreading of any 
kind ; an overflowing or superfluous abundance. 

t IN-UN-DER-STAND'ING, a. Void of understanding. 

[N-UR-BAN'I-TY, n. Incivility; rude, unpolished man- 
ners or deportment ; want of courteousness. 

IN-URE', v. t. \in and ure.] 1. To habituate ; to accustom ; 



to apply or expose in use or practice till use gives little or 
no pain or inconvenience, or makes little impression. 

IN-URE', V. i. To pass in use ; to take or have effect ; to be 
applied ; to serve to the use or benefit of. 

IN-UR'ED, (in-yurd') pp. Accustomed ; hardened by use. 

JN-URE'MENT, n. Use ; practice ; habit ; custom. 

IN-UR'ING, ppr. 1. Habituating ; accustoming. 2. Pass- 
ing in use to the benefit of. 

IN-URN', V. t. 1. To bury ; to inter ; to entomb. Sliak. 2 
To put in an urn. 

IN-URN'ED, (in-urnd') pp. Deposited in a tomb. 

IN-URN'ING, ppr. Interring; burying. 

IN-U-SI-Ta'TION, n. Want of use ; disuse. Foley. 

IN-US'TION, n. [L. inustio.] 1. The action of burning 
2. A branding ; the action of marking by burning. 

t IN-U'TlLE, a. [L= inutilis.] Unprofitable ; useless. 

IN-U-TIL'I-TY, n. [L. inutilitas.] Uselessness ; the quality 
of being unprofitable ; unprofitableness. 

IN-UT'TER-A-BLE, a. That cannot be uttered. 

IN-VaDE', v. t. [L. invado.] 1. To enter a country, as an 
army with hostile intentions; to enter as an enemy; 
to attack. 2. To attack ; to assail ; to assault. 3. To at- 
tack ; to infringe ; to encroach on ; to violate, 4. To go 
into; a Latinism; [obs.] Spenser. 5. To fall on ; to at- 
tack ; to seize ; as a disetise. 

IN-VaD'ED, pp. Entered by an army with a hostile design , 
attacked ; assaulted ; infringed ; violated. 

IN-VaD'ER, n. 1. One who enters the territory of another 
with a view to war, conquest or plunder. Swift. 2. An 
assailant. 3. An encroacher ; an intruder ; one who in- 
fringes the rights of another. 

IN-VaD'ING, ppr. Entering on the possessions of another 
with a view to war, conquest or plunder ; assaulting ; in- 
fringing ; attacking. 

IN-VA-LES'CENCE, n. [L. invalesco.] Strength ; health. 

IN-VAL-E-Tu'DI-NA-RY, a. Wanting health. 

IN-VAL'ID, a. [L. invalidus.] 1. Weak ; of no force, 
weight or cogency.— 2. In law, having no force, effect or 
efiicacy ; void ; null. 

*IN'VA-LIU, w. [Ft. invalide ; h. invalidus.] 1. A per- 
son who is weak and infirm ; a person sickly or indisposed. 

2. A person who is infirm, wounded, maimed, or other- 
wise disabled for active service ; a soldier or seaman worn 
out in service. 

IN-VAL'I-DATE, v. t. [Fr. invalider.] 1. To weaken or 
lessen the force of; to destroy the strength or validity of; 
to render of no force or effect. 2. To overthrow j to prove 
to be of no force. 

IN- VAL'I-DA-TED, pp. Rendered invalid or of no force. 

IN-VAL'I-DA-TING, ppr. Destroying the force and effect 
of. 

IN-VA-LID'I-TY, n. [Fr. invalidite.] Weakness ; want 
of cogency ; want of legal force or efllcacy. 

IN-VAL'ID-NESS, n. Invalidity. 

IN-VAL'U-A-BLE, a. Precious above estimation; so val- 
uable that its worth cannot be estimated ; inestimable. 

IN-VAL'U-A-BLY, adv. Inestimably. Bp. Hall. 

IN-Va'RI-A-BLE, a. [Fr.] Constant in the same state ; 
immutable ; unalterable ; unchangeable ; that does not 
vary ; always uniform. * 

IN-VA'RI-A-BLE-NESS, n. Constancy of state, condition 
or quality ; immutability ; unchangeableness. 

IN-Va'RI-A-BLY, adv. Constantly; uniformly; without 
alteration or change. 

IN-Va'RIED, a. Unvaried ; not changing or altering. 

IN-Va'SION, n. [L. invasio.] 1. A hostile entrance into 
the possessions of another ; particularly, the entrance of 
a hostile army into a country for the purpose of conquest 
or plunder, or the attack of a military force. 2 An at- 
tack on the rights of another ; infringement or violation. 

3. Attack of a disease ; as the invasion of the plague in 
Egypt. 

IN-Va'SIVE, a. [from invade.] 1. Entering on another's 
possessions with hostile designs ; aggressive. 2. Infring- 
ing another's rights. 

IN-VE€'TI0N, n. Invective, which see. 

IN-VE€'TIVE, n. [Fr. invective.] A railing speech or ex- 
pression ; something uttered or written, intended to cast 
opprobrium, censure or reproach on another ; a harsh or 
reproachful accusation. It differs from reproof, as the 
latter may come from a friend, and be intended for the 
good of the person reproved ; but invective proceeds from 
an enemy, and is intended to give pain or to injure. 

IN-VE€'TIVE, a. Satirical ; abusive ; railing. 

IN-VE€'TIVE-LY, adv. Satirically ; abusively. 

IN-VEIGH', (in-va') v. i. [L. inveho.] To exclaim or rail 
against ; to utter censorious and bitter language against 
any one ; to reproach. 

IN-VEIGH'ER, (in-va'er) n. One who rails , a railer. 

IN-VEIGH'ING, (in-va'ing) ppr. Exclaiming against ; rail- 
ing at ; uttering bitter words. 

IN-VeI'-GLE, v. t. [Norm. enveogUr.] To entice ; to seduce ; 
to wheedle ; to persuade to something evil by deceptive 
arts or flattery. 



Jse Synopsis MOVE, BOOK. D6VE ; BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z : CH aa SH j TH M in rtw. f OisolOt 
' '30 



INV 



466 



INV 



IN-VeI-GLED, pp. Enticed J wheedled; seduced from 

duty. 
IN-VeI'GLE-MENT, 71. Seduction to evil ; enticement. 
IN-VeI'GLER, n. One who entices or draws into any de- 

sign_by arts and flattery. 
IN-VeI'GLING, ^jjr. Enticing; wheedling; persuading 

to any thing bad. 
IN-VEILED, (in-vald') a. Covered as with a veil. 
IN- VENT', V. t. [Fr. invente?-.] 1. To find out sometMng 
new ; to devise something not before known ; to contrive 
and produce something that did net before exist. 2. To 
forge ; to fabricate ;. to contrive falsely. 3. To feign ; to 
frame by the imagination. 4. To light on ; to meet with. 
Spenser. 
IN-VENT'ED, pp. Found out ; devised ; contrived ; forged ; 
fabricated. 

IN-VENT'ER. See Inventor. 

IN-VENT'FUL, a. Full of invention. Gifford. 

IN-VENT'I-BLE, a. Discoverable ; capable of being found 
out. 

IN-VENT'ING, ppr. Finding out what was before un- 
known ; devising or contriving something new ; fabri- 
cating. 

IN-VEN'TION, 71. [L. inventio.] 1. The action or opera- 
tion of finding out something new ; the contrivance of 
that which did not before exist. Invention differs from 
discovery. Invention is applied to the contrivance and 
production of something that did not before exist. Dis- 
covery brings to light that which existed before, but which 
was not known. We are indebted to invention for the 
thermometer and barometer. We are indebted to discovery 
for the knowledge of the isles in the Pacific ocean, and 
for the knowledge of galvanism. 2. That which is in- 
vented. 3. Forgery; fiction. — i. In painting, the huAing 
or choice of the objects which are to enter into the com- 
position of the piece. — 5. In poetry, it is applied to what- 
ever the poet adds to the history of the subject. — 6. In 
rhetoric, the finding and selecting of arguments to prove 
and illustrate the point in view. 7. Tlie power of invent- 
ing ; that skill or ingenuity which is or may be employed 
in contriving any thing new. 8. Discovery ; the finding 
of things hidden or before unknown ; [less proper. 1 Ray. 

IN-VENT'TVE, a. \Yr. inventif.\ Able to invent; quick 
at contrivance ; ready at expedients. Dryden. 

IN-VENT'OR, n. One who finds out something new ; one 
who contrives and produces any thing not before existing ; 
a contriver. 

IN-VEN-To'RI-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of an inven- 
tory. 

IN'VEN-TO-RIED, pp. Inserted or registered in an inven- 
tory. 

IN'VEN-TO-RY, 71. [Sp., It. inventario.] 1. An accoimt, 
catalogue or schedule of all the goods and chattels of a 
deceased person. 2. A catalogue of movables. 3. A 
catalogue or account of particular things. 

IN'VEN-TO-RY, v. t. [Fr. inventorier.'] 1. To make an 
inventory of ; to make a list, catalogue or schedule of. 
2. To insert or register in an account of goods. 

IN-VENT'RESS, n. A female that invents. 

IN-VERSE', (in-vers') a. [L. inversus.'] Inverted ; recip- 
rocal. 

IN-VERSE'LY, (in-versly) adv. In an inverted order or 
manner; when more produces less, and less produces 
more ; or when one thing is gieater or less, in propoition 
as another is less or greater. 

TN-VER'SION, n. [L. inncrsio.] 1. Change of order, so that 
the last becomes first, and the first last ; a turning or change 
of the natural order of things. 2. Change of places, so 
tlrat each takes the place of the other. 3. A turning back- 
wards ; a contrary rule of operation. — 4. In grammar, a 
change of the natm^al order of words. — 5. In imisic, 
the change of position either of a subject or of a 
chord. 

IN-VERT', v. t. [L. inveHo.'] 1. To turn into a contrary 
direction ; to turn upside down. 2. To place in a con- 
trary order or method. — 3. In music, to change the order 
of the notes which form a chord, or the parts which 
compose harmony. 4. To divert; to turn into another 
chann'il ; to embezzle ; [obs.] 

IN-VEP T'E-BRAL, a. Destitute of a vertebral column. 

IN-VERT'E-BRA-TED, a. Destitute of a back bone or ver- 
tebral chain. Good, 

IN-VERTED, pp. Turned to a contrary direction ; turned 
upside down ; changed in order. 

IN-VERT'ED-LY, adv. In a contrary or reversed order. 

IN-VERT'ENT, n. A medicine intended to invert the nat- 
ural order of the successive irritative motions. 

IN-VERT'ING, ppr. Turning in a contrary direction; 
changing the order. 

IN-VEST', V. t. [Fr. investir ; L. investio.'] 1. To clothe ; 
to dress ; to put garments on ; to array. 2. To clothe with 
office or authority ; to place in possession of an office, 
rank or dignity. 3. To adorn ; to grace. 4. To clothe ; 
toeurround. 5. To confer ; to give ; p. m.] 6. To inclose; 



to surround ; to block up ; to lay siege to. 7. To clothe 
money in something permanent or less fleeting. 
IN-V£ST'ED, pp. Clothed ; dressed ; adorned ; inclosed. 
IN-VEST'IENT, a. Covering ; clothmg. Woodward. 
IN-VEST'I-GA-BLE, a. That may be investigated or 
searched out ; discoverable by rational search or disquisi- 
tion. 
IN-VESTT-GATE, v. t. [L. invesUgo.] To search into ; 
to inquire and examine mto with care and accuracy ; to 
find out by careful disquisition. 
IN-VEST'I-GA-TED, pp. Searched into ; examined with 

care. 
IN-VEST'I-GA-TING, ppr. Searching into ; inquiring into 

with care. 
IN-VES-TI-Ga'TION, 71. [L. investigatio.] The action or 
process of searching minutely for truth, facts or prin- 
ciples ; a careful inquiry to find out what is unknown. 

IN-VEST'I-GA-TlVE, a. Curious and dehberate in re- 
searches. Pegge. 

IN-VEST I-GA-TOR, n. One who searches diligently into 
a subject. 

IN-VEST'I-TURE, n. [Fr.] I. The action of giving pos 
session, or livery of seizin. 2. The right of giving pos 
session of any manor, office or benefice. Raleigh. 

IN-VEST'IVE, a. Clothing ; encircling. 

IN-VEST'MENT, n. 1. The action of investmg. 2. 
Clothes ; dress ; garment ; habit. Shak. 3. The act of 
suiTounding, blocking up or besieging by an armed force. 
4. The laying out of money in the purchase of some spe- 
cies of property. 

IN-VET'ER-A-CY, n. [L. inveteratio.] Long continuance, 
or the firmness or deep-rooted obstinacy of any quality or 
state acquired by time. 

IN-VET'ER-ATE, a. [L. inveteratus.] 1. Old ; long-estab- 
lished. 2. Deep-rooted ; firmly established by long con- 
tinuance ; obstinate. 3. Having fixed habits by long con- 
tinuance. 4. Violent ; deep-rooted ; obstinate. 

IN-VET'ER^ATE, v. t. [L. invetcro.] To fix and settle by 
long continuance. [Little used.] Bacon. 

IN-VET'ER-ATE-LY, adv. With obstinacy ; violently, 

IN-VET'ER-ATE-NESS, n. Obstinacy confirmed by time , 
inveteracy. Locke. 

IN-VET-ER-A'TION, n. The act of hardening or confirm- 
ing by long continuance. 

*IN-VID'I-OUS, a. [L. invidiosus.] 1. Envious; malig- 
nant. 2. Likely to incur ill-will or hatred, or to provoke 
envy ; hateful. 

*IN-VID'I-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Enviously ; malignantly. 2. In 
a manner likely to provoke hatred. 

*IN-VID'I-OUS-NESS, 71. The quality of provoking envy 
or hatred. 

IN-VIG'I-LANCE, n. Want of vigilance ; neglect of watch- 
ing. 

IN-VIG'OR, V. t. To invigorate ; to animate ; to encour- 
age. 

IN-VIG'0-RATE, v. t. [It. invigorire.] To give vigor 
to ; to strengthen ; to animate ; to give life and energy to. 

IN-VIG'0-RA-TED, pp. Strengthened ; animated. 

IN-VIG'0-RA-TING, ppr. Giving fresh vigor to : strength- 
ening. 

IN-VIG-O-Ra'TION, 71. The action of invigorating, or 
state of being invigorated. 

IN-VIL'LAGED, a. Turned mto a village. 

IN-VIN'CI-BLE, a. [Fr. invincible.] 1. Not to be conquer- 
ed or subdued ; that cannot be overcome ; unconquera- 
ble. 2. Not to be overcome ; insuperable. 

IN-VIN'CI-BLE-NESS, or IN-VIN-CI-BIL'I-TY, 7?, The 
quality of being unconquerable ; insuperableness. 

IN-VIN'CI-BLY, adv. Unconquerably ; insuperably. 

IN-Vl'O-LA-BLE, a. [L. inviolabilis.] 1. Not to be pro- 
faned ; that ought not to be injured, polluted or treated 
with irreverence. 2. Not to be broken. 3. Not to be in- 
jured or tarnished. 4. Not susceptible of hurt or wound. 

IN-VI'O-LA-BLE-NESS, or IN-VI-0-LA-BIL'I-TY, 71. 
1. The quality or state of being inviolable. 2. The qual- 
ity of not being subject to be broken. 

IN-Vl'O-LA-BLY, adv. Without profanation ; without 
breach or failure. 

IN-Vi'0-LATE, a. [L. inviolatus.] Unhurt; uninjured 5 
unprofaned ; unpolluted ; unbroken. 

IN-Vl'0-LA-TED, a. Unprofaned; unbroken ; unviola - 
ted. 

IN'VI-OUS, a. [L. inviiLs.] Impassable ; untrodden. 

IN'VI-OUS-NESS, 7!. State of being impassable. Ward. 

IN-VI-RIL'I-TY, n. Absence of manhood. Prynne. 

IN-VISC'ATE, V. t. [L. in and viscus.] 1. To lime ; to 
daub with glue. 2. To catch with glue or birdlime, 
[Little used.] 

IN-VIS'CER-ATE, v. t. To breed ; to nourish. [j1 bad 
word.] 

IN-VIS-I-BIL'I-TY, or IN-VIS'I-BLE-NESS, n. The 
state of being invisible ; imperceptibleness to the sight, 

IN-VIS'I-BLE, a. [L, invisibilis.'] That cannot be seen , 
imperceptible by the sight. 



* See Synopsis, A, E, I O, tj, Y, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARtNE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete 



INV 



467 



IRK 



IN-VIS'I-BLY, adv. In a manner to escape the sight ; im- 
perceptibly to the eye. Denham 
[N-VIS'lOr*-, 71. Want of vision, or the power of seeing. 

IN-VI-Ta'TION, n. fL. invitatio.'] The act of inviting ; 
solicitation. 

IN-Vl'TA-TO-RY, a. Using or containing invitations. 

IN-Vl'TA-TO-RY, n. A part of the service in the Catholic 
chiirch 3 a psalm or anthem sung in the morning. 

IN-VlTE', V. t. [L. invito.'] 1. To ask to do some act or 
to go to some place ; to request the company of a person. 
2. To allure ; to draw to ; to tempt to come ; lo induce 
by pleasure or hope. 3 To present temptations or allure- 
ments to. 

IN-VlTE', V. i. To ask or call to any thing pleasing. Milton. 

IN-VlT'ED, pp. Solicited j requested to come or go in per- 
son ; allured. 

t IN-VlTE'MENT, n. Act of inviting; invitation. B. Jon- 
son._ 

IN-VlT'ER, n. One who invites. Pope. 

IN-VlT'ING, ppr. 1. Soliciting the company of; asking 
to attend. 2. a. Alluring; tempting; drawing to. 

IN-VlT'ING, n. Invitation. Sliak. 

IN-VlT'ING-LY, adv. In such a manner as to invite or al- 
lure. 

IN-VlT'ING-NESS, n. The quality of being inviting. 

IN-VIT'RI-Fl-A-BLE, a. That cannot be vitrified or con- 
verted into glass. Kirwan. 

IN'VO-€ATE, V. t. [L. invoco.] To invoke ; to call on in 
supplication ; to implore ; to address in prayer. 

IN'VO-€A-TED,;>p. Invoked ; called on in prayer. 

IN'VO-€A-TING, ppr. Invoking. 

IN-VO-€a'TION, n. [L. invocatio.] 1. The act of ad- 
dressing in prayer. 2. The form or act of calling for the 
assistance or presence of any being, particularly of some 
divinity. 3. A judicial call, demand or order. Wheaton's 
Rep. 

IN'VOICE, n. [Fr. envoi.] 1. In commerce, a written ac- 
count of the particulars of merchandise, shipped or sent 
to a purchaser, consignee, factor, <fcc., with the value or 
prices and charges annexed. 2. A written account of 
ratable estate. Laics of J^Tew Hampshire. 

IN'VOICE, V. t. To make a written account of goods or 
property with their prices. 

IN'VOICED, pp. Inserted in a list with the price or value 
annexed. RoUnson. 

IN'VOIC-ING, ppr. Making an account in writing of goods, 
with their prices or values annexed ; inserting in an in- 
voice. 

IN-VoKE', V. t. [L. invoco.] 1. To address in prayer; to 
call on for assistance and protection. 2. To order ; to call 
judicially. Wirt. 

IN-VoK'ED, (in-vokf) pp. Addressed in prayer for aid ; 
called. 

IN-VoK'ING, ppr. Addressing in prayer for aid ; calling. 

IN-VOL'U-CEL, 71. [dim. of involucre.] A partial involu- 
cre ; anjnvolucret. Eaton. 

IN-VO-LU CEL-LATE, a. Surrounded with involucels. 

IN-VO-Lu'€RUM, ) n. [L. from involvo.] In botaiuj, a 

IN-VO-Lu'€RE, \ calyx remote from the flower. 

IN-VO-LU'€RED, a. Having an involucre, as umbels. 

IJV-VO-LU'CRET, n. A small or partial involucrum. 

IN-VOL'UN-TA-RI-LY, adv. 1. Not by choice; not spon- 
taneously ; against one's will. 2. In a manner independ- 
ent of the will. 

IN-VOL'UN-TA-RI-NESS, 71. 1. Want of choice or will. 
Bp. Hall. 2. Independence on the will. 

IN-VOL'UN-TA-RY, a. [Fr. involontaire.] 1. Not hav- 
ing will or choice ; unwilling. 2. Independent of will or 
choice. 3. Not proceeding from choice ; not done will- 
ingly ; opposed to the will. 

IN'VO-LUTE, n. [L. involutiis.] A curve traced by the 
end of a string folded upon a figure, or unwound from it. 

IN'VO-LUTE, I a. [L. involutiis.] In botany, rolled spi- 

[N'VO-LU-TED, \ rally inwards. 

[N-VO-LtJ'TION, 71. [Fr.: L. involutio.] 1. The action 
of involving or infolding. 2. The state of being entan- 
gled or involved ; complic;ation. — 3. In grammar, the in- 
sertion of one or more clauses or members of a sentence 
between the agent or subject and the verb.— 4. In alge- 
bra, the raisLHg of a quantity from its root to any power 
assigned. 

IN-VOLVE', (in-volv') v. t. [L. involvo.] 1. To envelop ; 
to cover with surrounding matter. 2. To envelop in 
any thing which exists on all sides. 3. To imply; to 
comprise. 4. To intwist ; to join ; to connect. 5. To 
take in; to catch; to conjoin. 6. To entangle. 7. To 
plunge ; to overwhelm. 8. To inwrap ; to infold ; to 
complicate or make intricate. 9. To blend; to mingle 
confusedly. — 10. In algebra, to raise a quantity from the 
root to any assigned power. 

IN-VOLV'ED, (in-volvd') pp. Enveloped ; implied ; in- 
wrapped ; entangled. 

FN-VOLV'ING, ppr. Enveloping; implying; comprising; 
entangling ; complicating. 



N, ; 71. [Gr. juJ^jf.] In chemistry, a peculiar sub- 
NE, \ stance obtamed from certain sea-weeds or 



IN-VUL-NER-A-BIL'I-TY, or IN-VUL'NER-A-BLE 

NESS, n. The quality of being invulnerable. 
IN-VUL'NER-A-BLE, a. [L. invulneraUlis.] That cannot 

1 e wounded ; incapable of receiving injury. 
IN WALL', V. t. To inclose or fortify with a wall. 
IN'WARD, a. [Sax. inweard ] 1. Internal ; interior ; placed 

or being within. 2. Intimate; domestic; familiar. 3. 

Seated in the mind or soul. Shak. 
IN'WARD, or IN' WARDS, adv. 1. Toward the inside ; as, 

turn the attention inward. 2. Toward the centre or in- 
terior. 3. Into the mind or thoughts. 
IN'WARD-LY, adv. 1. In the inner parts ; internally. 2. 

In the heart ; privately ; secretly. 3. Towards the cen 

tre. 
tIN'WARD-NESS,7i. 1. Intimacy; familiarity. Shak. 2 

Internal state ; [unusual.] 
IN'WARDS, 71. plu. The mner parts of an animal ; the 

bowels ; the viscera. Milton. 
IN-WeAVE', v. t. ; pret. inwove ; pp. inwoven, inwove 

To weave together ; to intermix or intertwine by weav 

ing. 
IN-WHEEL', v. t. [in and wheel.] To encircle. Beau 

mont. 
flN'WIT, 71. [insjaAwit.] Mind ; understanding. 
IN-WOOD', V. t. To hide in woods. Sidney. 
IN-W6RK'ING, ppr. or a. Working within. 
IN-W6RK'ING, n. Internal operation ; energy within. 

IN-W§V'EN I PP' Wt'ven in ; intertwined by weaving 

IN-WRAP', (ii>-rap') v. t. I. To involve ; to infold ; tc 
cover by wrapping. 2. To involve in difficulty or per 
plexity ; to perplex. 3. To ravish or transport. 

IN-WREx\THE', (in-reeth') v. t. To surround or encom- 
pass as with a wreath, or with something in the form of a 
wreath. 

IN-WROUGHT', (in-rawf) pp. or a. Wrought or woiked 

_ in or among other things ; adorned with figures. 

I'O-DATE, 71. A compound consisting of oxygen, iodinand 
a base. Henry. 

I'0-DI€, a. Iodic acid is a compound of iodin and oxygen. 

I'O-DIDE, 71. A compound of iodin with a metal or other 
substance. 

I'O-DIN, 

I'O-DIN] 
marine plants. 

I'O-DOUS, a. lodous acid is a compound of iodin and oxy- 
gen, containmg less of the latter than iodic acid. 

I-OD'U-RET, n. A compound of iodin and a base. 

I'O-LITE, 72. [Gr. lov and XiOo;.] A mineral. 

I-ON'I€, a. 1. The Ionic order, in architecture, is that spe- 
cies of column named from Ionia. It is more slender 
than the Doric and Tuscan. Encyc.—2. The Ionic dialect 
of the Greek language is tlie dialect used in Ionia.— 3. 
The Ionic sect of philosophers was that founded by Thales 
of Miletus, in Ionia. 4. Denoting an airy kind of music 

I-O'TA, 71. A tittle. Barroio. 

IP-E-€AC-U-AN'HA, n. A root produced in South Ameri • 
ca, much used as an emetic. 

I-RAS-CI-BIL'I-TY, or I-RAS'CI-BLE-NESS, 7?. The qual- 
ity of being irascible, or easily inflamed by anger; irrita- 
bility of temper. 

I-RAS'CI-BLE, a. [Fr.] Very susceptible of anger ; easily 

_ provoked or inflamed with resentment ; irritable. 

iRE, 71. [Fr.; L. ira.] Anger ; wrath ; keen resentment. 

IRE'FUL, a. i^ngry ; wroth; furious With anger. 

IRE'FUL-LY, adv. In an angry manner. 

I'RE-NAR€H, n. [Gr. ejpjyvap^;??.] An officer formerly 
employed in the Greek empire, to preserve the public 
tranquiliitv. 

I-REN'I-CAL, a. Pacific; desirous of peace. 

I-RI-DES'CENCE, n. Exhibition of colors like those of the 
rainbow. 

I-RI-DES'CENT, a. Having colors like the rainbow. 

I-RID'I-UM, 71. [from iris.] A metal of a whitish color. 

I'RIS, 71.; pZw. Irises. [Tu.iris.] 1. The rainbow. 2. An 
appearance resembling the rainbow. 3. The colored cir- 
cle which surrounds the pupil of the eye. 4. The change- 
able colors which sometimes appear in the glasses of tele- 
scopes, microscopes, &c. 5. A colored spectrum which a 
triangular glass prism casts on a wall, when placed at a 
due angle in the sun-beams. 6. The flower-de-lis, or 
flag-flower, a genus of many species. 

I'RI-SA-TED, a. Exhibiting the prismatic colors; resem- 
bling the rainbow. Phillips. 

I'RISED, a. Containing colors like those of the rainbow. 

I'RISH, a. Pertaining to Ireland. 

I'RISH, n. 1. A native of Ireland. 2. The language of 
the Irish ; the Hiberno-Celtic. 

I'RISH-ISM, 71. A mode of speaking peculiar to the 

_ Irish. 

I'RISH-RY, n. The people of Ireland. Bryskett. 

IRK, v. t. [Scot, irk.] To weary ; to give pain to ; used 
only impersonally. Shak. [ObsolesccTa.] 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z j CH aa SH j TH aa in tAw. f Obsolete 



IRR 



468 



IRR 



1RK'S6ME, a. Wearisome ; tedious ; tiresome ; giving un- 
easiness. Addison. 

IRK'SoME-LY, adv. In a wearisome or tedious manner. 

iRK'SoME-NESS, n. Tediousness ; wearisomeness. 

IR'ON, (I'urn, or i'rn) n. [Sax. tVere; Scot, irne, yrn, or 
aim ; Isl. iam ; Dan. iern.] 1. A metal, the hardest, 
most common and most useful of all the metals ; of a livid 
whitish color inclined to gray, internally composed, to 
appearance, of smsdl facets, and susceptible of a fine pol- 
ish. 2. An instrument or utensil made of iron.— 3. Fig- 
uratively, strength ; power. Dan. ii. 4. Irons, plu., fet- 
ters ; chains ; manacles ; handcufis. Ps. cv. 

IR'ON, (I'urn) a. 1. Made of iron; consisting of iron. 2. 
Resembling iron in color. 3. Harsh ; rude ; severe ; mis- 
erable. 4. Binding fast ; not to be broken. 5. Hard of 
understanding ; dull. 6. Firm ; robust. 

IR'ON, (I'urn) v. t. 1. To smooth with an instrument of 
iron. 2. To shackle with irons ; to fetter or handcuff. 3. 
To furnish or arm witli iron. 

1R'0N-€LAY, (i'um-kla) n. A substance intermediate 
between basalt and wacky, of a reddish-brown color, and 
occurring massive or vesicular. 

IR'ONED, (I'urnd) pp. Smoothed with an iron ; shackled ; 
armed with iron. 

IR'ON-FLINT, 71. Ferruginous quartz. 

iR'ON-HEaRT'ED, a. Hardhearted ; unfeeling ; cruel. 

iR'ON-MoLD, n. A spot on cloth made by applying rusty 
iron to the cloth when wet. 

IR'0N-M6N-GER, n. A dealer in iron wares or hardware. 

IR'ON-SI€K, a. In seamen's language, a ship is said to be 
ironsick, when her bolts and nails are so much corroded, 
or eaten with rust that she has become leaky. 

TR'ON-STONE, n. An ore of iron. 

IR'ON- WOOD, n. The popular name of a genus of trees 
called si'deroxylon, of several species. 

IR'ON -Work, n. A general name of the parts or pieces 
of a building which consist of iron; any thing made of 
iron. 

IR'ON-WORKS, n. plu. The works or establishment where 
pig-iron is wrought into bars, &c. 

IR'ON-WoRT, n. A genus of plants called sideritis, of 
several species. 

T-RON'I€, a. Ironical. B. Jonson. 

I-RON'I-€AL, a. [Fr. ironique.] Expressing one thing and 
meaning another. 

I-RON'I-€AL-LY, adv. By way of irony ; by the use of 
irony. 

I'RON-IST, n. One who deals in irony. Pope. 

IR'ON-Y, (I'urn-y) a. 1. Made or consisting of iron ; par- 
taking of iron. 2. Resembling iron ; hard. 

I'RON-Y, n. [Fr. ironie ; L. ironia.] A mode of speech ex- 
pressing a sense contrary to that which the speaker in- 
tends to convey. 

•fl'ROUS, a. [from ire.] Apt to be angry. Chaucer. 

IR-Ra'DI-ANCE, In. [L. irradians.] 1. Emission of rays 

IR-Rl'DI-AN-CY, ) of light on an object. 2, Beams of 
light emitted ; lustre ; splendor. 

IR-RA'DI-ATE, v. I. [L. irradio.] 1. To illuminate ; to 
brighten ; to make splendid ; to adorn with lustre. 2. To 
enlighten intellectually ; to illuminate. 3. To animate 
by heat or light. 4. To decorate with shining orna- 
ments. 

IR-Ra'DI-ATE, v. i. To emit rays ; to shine. 

IR-Ra'DI-ATE, a. Adorned with shining ornaments. 

IR-Ra'DI-A-TED, pp. Illuminated ; enlightened ; made 
luminous or bright ; decorated with rays of light or with 
something shining. 

IR-Ra'DI-A-TING, ppr. Illuminating; decorating with 
beams of light. 

IR-RA-DI-a'TION, n. 1. The act of emitting beams of 
light. 2. Illumination ; brightness. 3. Intellectual light. 
4. The act of emitting minute particles or effluvia from 
some substance. 

*IR-Ra'TION-AL, a. [L. irrationalis.] I. Not rational; 
voidof reason or understanding. 2. NotaccorJujj othe 
dictates of reason ; contrary to reason ; absurd. 

* IR-RA-TION-AL'I-TY, 7i. Want of reason or the powers 
of understanding. 

* IR-RA'TION-AL-LY, adv. Without reason ; in a manner 
contrary to reason ; absurdly. 

IR-RE-€LaIM'A-BLE, a. 1. Not to be reclaimed ; that 
cannot be recalled from error or vice; that cannot be 
brought to reform. 2. That cannot be tamed. 

IR-RE-OLaIM'A-BLY, adv. So as not to admit of reforma- 
tion. 

TR-RE€ ON-ClL'A-BLE, a. 1. Not to be recalled to amity, 
or a state of friendship and kindness ; retaining enmity 
that cannot be appeased or subdued. 2. That cannot be 
appeased or subdued. 3. That cannot be made to agree 
or be consistent ; incongruous ; incompatible. 

IR-RE€-ON-ClL'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being 
irreconcilable; incongruity; incompatibility. 

IR-RE€-ON-CiL'A-BLY, adv. In a manner that precludes 
reconciliation. 



IR-REe'ON-CILE, v. t. To prevent from being recon- 
ciled. 

IR-RE€-0N-CIL'ED, (ir-rek-on-slld') a. {in and reconcil- 
ed.] 1. Not reconciled. 2. Not atoned for. Shak. 

IR-RE€-ON-ClLE'MENT, ». Want of reconciliation ; dis- 
agreement. 

IR-RE€-ON-CIL-I-A'TION, n. Want of reconciliation. 

IR-RE-€ORD'A-BLE, a. Not to be recorded. Cockeram. 

IR-RE-€oV'ER-A-BLE, a. 1. Not to be recovered or re- 
paired. 2. That cannot be regained. Rogers. 3. That 
cannot be obtained by demand or suit. 4. Not to be rem- 
edied. 

IR-RE-€6V'ER-A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being irre 
coverable. Donne. 

IR-RE-€6V'ER-A-BLY, adv. 1. Beyond recovery ; be- 
yond the possibility of being regained, repaired or reme- 
died. 2. Beyond the possibility of being reclaimed. 

t IR-RE-€U'PER-A-BLE, a. Irrecoverable. 

t IR-RE-€U'PER-A-BLY, adv. Irrecoverably. 

t IR-RE-€uR'ED, (ir-re-kurd') a. [in and recured.1 Not to 
be cured. 

IR-RE-DEEM'A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be redeemed. 
2. Not subject to be paid at the pleasure of government. 

IR-RE-DEEM'A-BLE-NESS, or IR-RE-DEEM-A-BIL'I- 
TY, 7i._The quality of being not redeemable. 

IR-RE-Du'Ct-BLE, a. 1. Not to be reduced ; that cannot 
be brought back to a former state. 2. That cannot be re- 
duced or changed to a different state. 

IR-RE-Du'CI-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being irredu- 
cible. 

*IR-RE-FRa'GA-BLE, or IR-REF'RA-GA-BLE, a. That 
cannot be refuted or overthrown ; incontestable ; undeni- 
able. 

* IR-RE-FRa'GA-BLE-NESS, or IR-RE-FRA-GA-BIL'I- 
TY, n. The quality of being irrefragable or incapable of 
refutation. 

* IR-RE-FRa'GA-BLY, adv. With force or strength thai 
cannot be overthrown ; with certainty beyond refuta- 
tion. 

*IR-RE-FuT'A-BLE, a. [Low L. irrefutabilis.] That can- 
not be refuted or disproved. Bp. Hall. 

* IR-RE-FUT'A-BLY, arfv. Beyond the possibility of refuta- 
tion. 

IR-RE-6EN'ER-A-CY, n. Unregeneracy. J. M. Mason. 

IR-REG'U-LAR, a. [Fr. irrcgulier ; L. irregularis.'] I. 
Not regular ; not according to common form or rules. 2. 
Not according to established principles or customs; devi- 
ating from usage. 3. Not conformable to nature or the 
usual operation of natural laws. 4. Not according to the 
rules of art ; immethodical. 5. Not in conformity to laws, 
human or divine ; deviating from the rules of moral recti- 
tude ; vicious. 6. Not straight. 7. Not uniform. — 8. In 
grammar, an irregular noun or verb is one which devi- 
ates from the common rules in its inflections. 

IR-REG'U-LAR, n. A soldier not in regular service. 

IR-REG-U-LAR'I-TY, n. [Fr. irregularite.] 1. Deviation 
from a straight line or from any common or established 
rule ; deviation from method or order. 2. Deviation from 
law, human or divine, or from moral rectitude ; inordinate 
practice; vice. 

IR-REG'U-LAR-LY, adv. Without rule, method or order. 

t IR-REG'U-LATE, v. t. To make irregular ; to disorder. 

IR-REL'A-TiVE, a. Not relative ; unconnected.— /rreZa- 
tive chords, in music, have no common sound. 

IR-REL'A-TlVE-LY, adv. Unconnectedly. Boyle. 

IR-REL'E-VAN-CY, n. Inapplicability ; the quality of not 
being applicable, or of not serving to aid and support. 

IR-REL'E-VANT, a. [in, and Fr. relever.] Not relevant ; 
not applicable or pertinent ; not serving to support. 

IR-REL'E^VANT-LY, adv. Without being to the purpose. 

IR-RE-LIeV'A-BLE, a. Not admitting relief. Hargrave. 

IR-RE-Ll6'ION, (ir-re-lid'jun) n. [Fr. ; in and religion.] 
Want of religion, or contempt of it ; impiety. Dryden. 

IR-RE-LIG'ION-IST, n. One who is destitute of religious 
principles; a despiser of religion. JVott. 

IR-RE-LIG'IOUS, (ir-re-lid'jus) a. [Fr. irreligieux.] 1 
Destitute of religious principles ; contemning religion , 
impious ; ungodly. 2. Contrary to religion ; profane ; 
impious ; wicked. 

IR-RE-LIG'IOUS-LY, adv. With impiety ; wickedly. 

IR-RE-LIC'IOUS-NESS, n Want of religious principles or 
practices ; ungodliness. 

IR-Re'ME-A-BLE, a. [L. irremeabilis.] Admitting no re- 
turn. Dryden. 

IR-RE-Me'DI-A-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Not to be remedied ■ 
that cannot be cured. 2. Not to be corrected or redressed 



IR-RE-Me'DI-A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being irremediable 
IR-RE-ME'DI-A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree that 

precludes remedy, cure or correction. Bp. Taylor. 
IR-RE-MIS'SI-BLE, a. [Fr.] Not to be pardoned ; that 

cannot be forgiven or remitted. JVhiston. 
IR-RE-MIS'SI-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being unpar- 

donable. Hammond. 
IR-RE-MIS'SI-BLY, adv. So as not to be pardoned. 



* See SpiopaiS. A, g, 1, 6, U, T, long.~FAR , F^LL^ WH^T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD j— f Obsolete. 



IRR 

IR-RE-MOV A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or state of being 
irremovable, or not removable from office. 

IR-RE-MOV'A-BLE, a. That cannot be moved, removed, 
or changed. Shak. 

IR-RE-Mu'NER-A-BLE, a. That cannot be rewarded. 

IR-RE-NOWN'ED, (ir-re-nownd') a. Not venowned ; not 
celebrated. 

IR-REP-A-R A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or state of being 
iiTcparable, or beyond repair or recovery. 

IR-REP'A-RA-BLE, a. [L. irreparabilis.] 1. That cannot 
be repaired or mended. 2. That cannot be recovered or 
regained. 

IR-REP'A-RA-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree that pre- 
cludes recovery or repair. 

IR-RE-PEAL-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being irre- 
pealable. 

IR-RE-PeAL'A-BLE, a. That cannot be repealed. 

IR-RE-PeAL'A-BLE-NESS, n. Irrepealability. 

IR-RE-P,EAIi'A-BLY, atZ«. Beyond the power of repeal. 

IR-RE-PENT'ANCE, n. Want of repentance. 

IR-RE-PLEV'I-A-BLE, a. That cannot be replevied, 

IR-RE-PLEV'I-SA-BLE, a. That cannot be replevied. 

IR-REP-RE-HENS'I-BLE, a. Not reprehensible ; not to be 
blamed or censured ; free from fault. 

JR-REP-RE-HENS'I-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being 
irreprehensible. 

IR-REP-RE-HENS'I-BLY, adv. In a manner not to incur 
blame J without blame. S/terwooi. 

IR-REP-RE-SENT'A-BLE, a. Not to be represented ; that 
cannot be figured or represented by any image. 

IR-RE-PRESS'I-BLE, a. That cannot be repressed. 

IR-RE-PRoACH'A-BLE, a. That cannot be justly re- 
proached ; free from blame ; upright ; innocent. 

IR-RE-PRoACH'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of 
being not reproachable. 

IR-RE-PRoACH'A-BLY, adv. In a manner not to deserve 
reproach ; blamelessly. 

IR-RE-PR(5V'A-BLE, a. That cannot be justly reproved j 
blameless; upright. 

IR-RE-PROV'A-BLY, adv. So as not to be liable to reproof 
or blame. JVeever 

IR-REP-Tl"TIOUS, a. Encroaching ; privately intro- 
duced. 

IR-RE-SIST'ANCE, n. Forbearance to resist ; non-resist- 
ance ; passive submission. Paley. 

IR-RE-SIST-I-BIL'I-TY, ) n. The quality of being irre- 

IR-RE-SIST'I-BLE-NESS, \ sistible ; power or force be- 
yond resistance or opposition. 

IR-RE-SIST'I-BLE, a. [Pr.] That cannot be successfully 
resisted or opposed ; superior to opposition. 

IR-RE-SIST'I-BLY, adv. With a power that cannot be suc- 
cessfully resisted or opposed. Dryden. 

IR-RES'0-LU-BLE, a. [L. in and resolvo.] Not to be dis- 
solved ; incapable of dissolution. Boyle. 

IR-RES'0-LU-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being indisso- 
luble ; resistance to separation of parts by heat. 

IR-RES'O-LUTE, a. Not firm or constant in purpose ; not 
decided ; not determined ; wavering ; given to doubt. 

IR-RES'0-LUTE-LY, adv. Without firmness of mind ; 
without decision. 

IR-RES'0-LUTE-NESS, 71. Want of firm determination or 
purpose 5 vacillation of mind. 

IR-RES-0-LtJ'TION, n. [Fr.] Want of resolution ; want 
of decision in purpose ; a fluctuation of mind, 

IR-RE-SOLV'ED-LY, adv. Without settled determination, 
[Little used.] Boyle. 

IR-RE-SPE€T'IVE, a. Not regarding circumstances. 

IR-RE-SPE€T'IVE-LY, adv. Without regard to circum- 
stances, or not taking them into consideration. 

IR-RES'PI-RA-BLE, a. Unfit for respiration ; not having 
the qualities which support animal life, 

IR-RE-SPONS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. Want of responsibility, 

[R-RE-SPONS'I-BLE, a. Not responsible ; not liable or 
able to answer for consequences ; not answerable, 

IR-RE-TEN^TIVE, a. Not retentive or apt to retain, 

IR-RE-TRIEV'A-BLE, a. Not to be recovered or repaired ; 
irrecoverable ; irreparable. 

IR-RE-TRIeV'A-BLE-NESS, 71. The state of being irre- 
trievable, 

IR-RE-TRIil'V'A-BLY, adv. Irreparably ; irrecoverably ; 
in a manner not to be regained. Woodward. 

IR-RE-TURN'A-BLE, a. Not to be returned. 

IR-REV'ER-ENCE, n. [L. irreverentia.] 1. Want of rever- 
ence, or want of veneration ; want of a due regard to the 
authority and character of the Supreme Being. Irrever- 
ence toward God is analogous to disrespect toward man. 
2, The state of being disregarded ; applied to men. 

IR-REV'ER-ENT, a. [Fr.] 1. Wanting in reverence and 
veneration ; not entertaining or manifesting due regard to 
the Supreme Being. 2. Proceeding from irreverence ; ex-' 
pressive of a want of veneration. 3. Wanting in respect 
to superiors, 

IR-REV'ER-ENT-LY, a<fu. 1, In an irreverent manner. 2. 
Without due respect to superiors. 



ISH 

IR-RE-VERS'I-BLE, a. That cannot be reversed ; that can- 
not be recalled, repealed or annulled. 

IR-RE-VERS'I-BLE-NESS, n. State of being irreversible. 

IR-RE-VERS'I-BLY, adv. In a manner which precludes a 
reversal or repeal. 

IR-REV-O-CA-BIL'I-TY, or IR-REV'0-€A-BLE-NESS, n. 
State of being irrevocablei 

IR-REV'0-€A-BLE, a. [L. irrevocabilis.] Not to be recall- 
ed or revoked ; that cannot be reversed, repealed or an- 
nulled, 

IR-REV'0-€A-BLY, adv. Beyond recall ; in a manner pre- 
cluding repeal. 

IR-RE-VoK'A-BLE, a. Not to be recalled ; irrevocable. 

t IR-REV'0-LU-BLE, a. That has no revolution. Milton. 

IR'RI-GATE, 7). «. [L. irrig-o.] 1, To water; to wet; to 
moisten ; to bedew. 2. To water, as land, by causing a 
stream to flow upon it and spread over it. 

IR'RI-G A-TED, pp. Watered ; moistened. 

IR'RI-GA-TING, ^pr. Watering; wetting; moistening 

IR-RI-Ga'TION, 7i. 1, The act of watering or moistening. 
— 2. In agriculture, the operation of causing water toiiow 
over lands for nourishing plants. 

IR-KIG'U-OUS, tt, I'L.irriguus.] 1. Watered ; watery ; 
moist, Milton, 2. Dewy ; moist. Philips. 

IR-RIS'ION, n. [L. irrisio.] The act of laughing at another. 

IR-RI-T A-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. Susceptibility of excitement ; the 
quality of being easily irritated or exasperated. — 2. In 
physiology, one of the four faculties of the sensorium, by 
which fibrous contractions are caused in consequence of 
the irritations excited by external bodies. 

IR'RI-TA-BLE, a. 1. Susceptible of excitement, or of heat 
and action, as animal bodies. 2. Very susceptible of anger 
or passion ; easily inflamed or exasperated, — 3, In physiol- 
ogy, susceptible of contraction, in consequence of the ap- 
pulse of an external body. 

IR'RI-TANT, a. Irritating. 

IR'RI-TANT, n. That which excites or irritates. Rush. 

IR'RI-TATE, V. t, [L.irriio.] I. To excite heat and redness 
in the skin or flesh of living animal bodies, as by friction ; 
to inflame ; to fret. 2. To excite anger ; te provoke ; to 
tease ; to exasperate. 3. To increase action or violence ; 
to heighten excitement in. 4. To cause fibrous contrac- 
tions in an extreme part of the sensorium, as by the ap- 
pulse of an external body, 

t IR'RI-TATE, part. a. Heightened. Bacon. 

t IR'RI-TATE, V. t. [Low L. irritare.l To render null and 
void. 

IR'RI-T A-TED, pp. Excited ; provoked ; caused to contract. 

IR'RI-TA-TING, ppr. Exciting ; angering ; provoking ; 
causing to contract. 

IR-RI-Ta'TION, 71. 1. The operation of exciting heat, 
action and redness in the skin or flesh of living animals, 
by friction or other means. 2. The excitement of action 
in the animal system by the application of food, medicines 
and the like. 3. Excitement of anger or passion ; provo- 
cation ; exasperation ; anger, — 4. In physiology, an exer- 
tion or change of some extreme part of the sensorium re- 
siding in the muscles or^ organs of sense, in consequence 
of the appulses of external bodies, 

IR'RI-TA-TiVE, o. 1, Serving to excite or uritate. 2. Ac- 
companied with or produced by increased action or irrita- 
tion. 

IR'RI-T A-TO-RY, a. Exciting ; stimulating. Hales. 

IR-RO-Ra'TION, 71. [L. irroratio.'] The act of bedewing j 
the stale of being moistened with dew. 

IR-RUP'TION, 7^, [L, imiptio.] 1, A bursting in ; a break- 
ing, or sudden, violent rushing into a place. 2. A sudden 
invasion or incursion ; a sudden, violent inroad, or en- 
trance of invaders into a place or country. 

IR-RUP'TIVE, a. Rushing in or upon. 

IS, V. i. [Sax, is ; G. ist; D. is ; L. est.J The third per- 
son singular of the substantive verb, which is composed of 
three or four distinct roots, which appear in the words ajw, 
be, are, and is. 

IS'A-BEL, n. [Fr. isabelle.] Isabel yellow is a brownish- 
yellow, with a shade of brownish-red. Kirwan. 

IS-A-G06'I€, ) a. [Gr. Eio-aywytKoj-l Introductory. 

IS-A-G06'I-eAL, \ Ore gory. 

IS'A-GON, 71. [Gr. laos and ywvia.] A figure whose anglea 
are equal. 

IS'A-TIS, n. In zoology, the arctic fox or canis lagopus. 

IS-€HI-AD'ie, a. [L. ischiadious.] Pertaining to the hip. 
— The ischiadic passion is a rheumatic affection of the hip 
joint. It is called also sciatica. ^ 

IS-€HU-RET'I€, a. Having the quality of relieving ischury. 

IS-€HU-RET'I€, n. A medicine adapted to relieve ischury. 

IS'€HU-RY, 71. [Gr. tff;^ot)pta.] A stoppage or suppression 
of urine. Coze. 

IS'E-RIN, \ n. [G. eisen.] A mineral of an iron-black 

IS''E-RINE, \ color. Ure. 

ISH, a termination of English words, is in Sax. isc, Dan. isk, 
Gr. isch. Annexed to English adjectives, ish denotes 
diminution, or a small degree of the quality ; as, whitish. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK D6 VE j— BULL, UNITE.--€ as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in <Aw. t Obsolete. 



JAB 



470 



JAC 



from white. Isk, annexed to names, forms a possessive 
adjeccive ; as in Sicedish, Danish, English. Ish, annex- 
ed to common nouns, forms an adjective denoting a parti- 
cipation of the qualities expressed by the noun ; as foolish, 
from fool. 

I'SI-eLE, a pendant shoot of ice, is more generally written 
icicle. See Ice and Icicle. 

I'SIN-GLASS, 71. [that is, ise or ice-glass.] A substance 
consisting chiefly of gelatin, of a firm texture and whitish 
color, prepared from the sounds or air bladders of certain 
fresh water fishes. It is used as an agglutinant, and in 
fining wines. 

T'SIN-GL ASS-STONE. See Mica. 

[S'LAM-ISM, 71. [from the Ar. salama, to be free, safe or 
devoted to God.] The true faith, according to the Mo- 
hammedans ; RIohammedanism. 

ISL'AND, ) (i'land) n. [Sax. ealond ; D., G. eiland.] 1. A 

I'LAND. I tract of land surrounded by water. 2. A 
large mass of floating ice is called an island of ice. 

KL/AND-ER, (i'land-er) n. An inhabitant of an island. 

t ISL AND-Y, a. Full of, or belonging to islands. Cotgrave. 

ISLE, ) (He) n. [Fr. isle, or He.] 1. A tract of land, sur- 

ILE, j rounded by water, or a detached portion of land, 
imbosomed in the ocean, in a lake or river. 2. A passage 
in a church. 

tS'LET, (I'let) 71. A little island. 

[-SO€H'RO-NAL, ) a. [Gr. laog and XPo^^^-] Uniform in 

I-SOCH'RO-NOUS, \ time ; of equal time ; performed in 
equal times. 

IS'0-LATE, V. t. [It. isola.] To place in a detached situa- 
tion; to place by itself; to insulate. 

IS'0-LA-TED, pp. or a. [Fr. isole.] Standing detached from 
others of a like kind ; placed by itself or alone. . 

IS'0-LA-TING, ppr. Placing by itself or detached like an isle. 

I-SO-MORPH'ISM, 71. [Gr. laos and ixop^n-] The quality of 
a substance by which it is capable of replacing another in 
a compound, without an alteration of its primitive form. 

l-SO-MORPH'OUS, a. Capable of retaining its piimitive 
form in a compound. Ed. Rev. 

IS'0-NO-MY, n. [Gr. i(xos and voiio;.] Equal law ; equal 
distribution of rights and privileges. Mitford. 

I-SO-PER-I-MET'RI-€AL, a. Having equal boundaries. 

I-SO-PE-RIM'E-TRY, n. [Gr. tcro?, irt^i and ixer^ov.] In 
geometry, the science of figures, having equal perimeters 
or boundaries. 

I-SOS'CE-LES, a. [Gr, taoaKsXris.] Having two legs only 
that are equal. 

IS'R A-EL-lTE, n. A descendant of Israel or Jacob ; a Jew. 

IS-RA-EL-I'TISH i «• Pertaining to Israel. J.P.Smith. 

lS-0-THERM'AL, a. [Gr. laos and Oepiia.] Having an 
equal degree of heat or a like temperature. Ure. 

IS-0-TON'I€, a. [Gr. laos and tovos.] Having equal tones. 

IS'SU-A-BLE, (ish'u-a-bl) a. That may be issued. — In law, 
an issuable term is one in which issues are made up. 

IS'SUE, (ish'u) 71. [Fr. issue.] 1. The act of passing or 
flowing out ; a moving out of any inclosed place ; egrt«s. 
2. A sending out. 3. Event; consequence; end or ulti- 
mate result. 4. Passage out ; outlet. 5. Progeny ; a 
child or children ; offspring. 6. Produce of the earth, or 
profits of land, tenements or other property.— 7. In sur- 
gery, a fontanel ; a little ulcer made in some part of an an- 
imal body, to promote discharges. 8. Evacuation ; dis- 
charge ; a flux or running. — 9. In laic, the close or result 
of pleadings ; the point of matter depending in suit, on 
which the parties join, and put the case to trial by a jury. 
10. A giving out from a repository ; delivery. 

IS'SUE, (ish'u) V. i. [It. uscire.] 1. To pass or flow out ; to 
run out of any inclosed place ; to proceed, as from a source. 
2. To go out ; to rush out. 3. To proceed, as progeny ; to 
spring. 4. To proceed ; to be produced ; to arise ; to grow 
or accrue. — 5. In legal pleadings, to come to a point in 
fact or law, on which the parties join and rest the deci- 
sion of the cause. 6. To close : to end. 



IS'SUE, (ish'u) V. t. 1. To send out ; to put into circulation 
2. To send out ; to deliver from authority 3. To delivei 
for use. 

IS'SUED, (ish'shud) pp. Descended ; sent out. Shak. 

IS'SUE-LESS, (ish'u-les) a. Having no issue or progeny 
wanting chUdien. 

IS'SU-ING, ppr. Flowing or passing out ; proceeding iimn 

, sending out. 

iS'SU-ING, 71. I. A flowing or passing out. 2. Emission 
a sending out ; as of bills or notes. 

ISTH'MUS, (ist'mus) 71. [L.] A neck or narrow slip of )and 
by which two continents are connected, or by which a 
peninsula is united to the main land. 

IT, pron. [Sax. hit ; D. het ; G. es ; L. id.] 1. A substitute 
or pronoun of tlie neuter gender, sometimes called demon- 
strative, and standing for any thing except males and fe- 
males. 2. Jt is much used as the nominative case or word 
to verbs called impersonal ; as, it rains ; it snows. 

I-TAL IAN, a. Pertaining to Italy. 

I-TAL'IAN, n. 1. A native of Italy. 2. The language used 
in Italy, or by the Italians. 

I-TAL'IAN -ATE, v. t. To render Italian, or conformable to 
Italian customs. 

I-TAL'IAN-IZE, V. i. To play the Italian ; to speak Ital- 
ian. 

I-TAL'I€,_a. Relating to Italy or its characters. 

I-TAL'I-CiZE, V. t. To write or print in Italic characters. 

I-TAL'I€S, 71. plu. Italic letters or characters ; characters 
first used in Italy, and which stand inclining. 

ITCH, n. [Sax. gictha.] 1. A cutaneous disease. 2. The 
sensation in the skin occasioned by the disease. 3. A 
constant teasing desire. 

ITCH, V. i. [G. jucken.] 1. To feel a particular uneasinesa 
in the sKm which inclines the person to scratch the part 
2. To have a constant desire or teasing inclination. 

ITCH'ING, ppr. 1. Having a sensation that calls for 
scratching. 2. Having a constant desire. 

ITCH'Y, a. Infected with the itch. 

I'TEM, adv. [L.] Also ; a word used when something is 
to be added. 

I'TEM, 71. 1. An article ; a separate particular in an ac- 
count. 2. A hint ; an innuendo. 

I'TEM, V. t. To make a note or memorandum of. 

t IT'ER-A-BLE, a. That may be repeated. Brown. 

IT'ER-ANT, a. Repeating. Bacon. 

IT'ER-ATE, V. t. [L. itero.] To repeat ; to utter or do a 
second time. 

IT'ER-A-TED, pp. Repeated. 

IT'ER-A-TING, ppr. Repeating ; uttering or doing over 
again. 

IT-ER-A'TION, 71. [L. iteratio.] Repetition ; recital or per- 
formance a second time. Bacon. 

IT'ER-A-TiVE, a. Repeating. 

I-TIN'ER-ANT, a. [Ja.iter.] Passing or traveling about a 
country ; wandering ; not settled. 

I-TIN'ER-ANT, n. One who travels from place to place, 
particularly a preacher; one who is unsettled. 

I-TIN'ER-A-RY, n. [Fr. itineraire ; Low L. itinerarium.] 
An account of travels or of the distances of places. 

I-TIiVER-A-RY, a. Traveling ; passing from place to place, 
or done on a journey. Bacon. 

I-TIN'ER-ATE, v. i. [Low L. itinero.] To travel from place 
to place, particularly for the purpose of preaching; to 
wander without a settled habitation. 

IT-SELF', pron. [it and self] The neutral reciprocal pro- 
noun, or substitute applied to things. 

IT'TRI-UM, 71. The undecomposable base of yttria. 

I'VO-RY, 71. [Fr. ivoire.] The tusk of an elephant, a hard, 
solid substance, of a fine white color. 

T'VO-RY, a. Consisting of ivory ; as, an ivory comb. 

l'VO-RY-BLA€K, n. A fine kind of soft blacking, 

I'VY, 78. [Sax. i^^.] A parasitic plant of the genus Aedera,' 
which creeps along the ground, 

I VYED, a. Overgrown with ivy. Warton 



J This letter has been added to the English Alphabet in 
• modern days; the letter / being written, formerly, in 
words where J is now used. It seems to have had the 
sound of 7/, in many words, as it still has in the German. 
The English sound of this letter may be expressed by dzh, 
or edzh, a compound sound coinciding exactly with that 
of gin. genius. 

JAB'BER, X). i. [H. gabheren,ox Fx. jahoter.] To talk rapid- 
ly or indistinctly ; to chatter ; to prate. Swift. 

JAB'BER, n Rapid talk with indistinct utterance. 



JAB'BER-ER, n. One that talks rapidly, indistinctly or un- 
intelligibly. 

JAB'BER-ING, ppr. Prating ; talking confusedly. 

t JAB'BER-MENT, n. Idle prate. Milton. 

JAB'I-RU, 71. An aquatic fowl of the crane kind. 

JAC'A-MAR, 71. A kind of fowls. 

Ja'CENT, (z. [L.jacens.] Lying at length, Wotton. 

Ja'CINTH, 7i, [a different orthography of AT/aciTii^.j 1. A 
genus of plants. [See Hyacinth.] 2, A species of pellucid 
gems. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— t Obsolete 



JAG 



471 



JAR 



JACK, n. 1. A nickname or diminutive of John, used as a 
general term of contempt for any saucy or paltry fellow. 
2. Tlie name of an instrument that supplies the place of a 
boy; an instrument to pull off boots. 3. An engine to 
turn a spit. 4. A young pike. 5. [Sp. xaco, xaqueta,] 
A coat of mail. 6. A pitcher of waxed leather. 7. A 
small bowl thrown out for a mark to the bowlers. 8. Part 
of a musical instrument called a ziw-o-t/mL Bacon. 9. The 
male of certain animals, as of the ass. 10 A horse or 
wooden frame on which wood or timber is sawed. — 11. In 
sea-language, a flag, ensign or colors, displayed from a 
staff on the end of a bowsprit. — 12. In Yorkshire, half a 
pint. Grose. A quarter of a pint., Pegge. — Jack at all 
trades, a person who can turn his hand to any kind of busi- 
ness. — Jack by the hedge, a plant. — Jack in a box. 1. A 
plant. 2. A large, wooden, male screw, turning in a fe- 
male one. — Jack with a lantern, an ignis fatuus, a meteor 
tJiat appears in low, moist lands. — Jack of the clock-house, 
a little man that strikes the quarters in a clock. 

JACK-A-DAN'DY, n. A little, impertinent fellow. Sec 
Dandiph^t. 

JA€K'A-LENT, n. [Jack in lent.] A simple, sheepish fel- 
low. Shak. 

JA€K'A-NAPES, n. [jack and ape.] 1. A monkey ; an ape. 
2. A coxcomb ; an impertinent fellow. 

JA€K'ASS, n. The male of the ass. 

JA€K'-BLO€K, n. A block attached to the top-gallant-tie 
of a ship, to sway up or to strike the yard. 

JA€K'BOOTS, n. Boots that serve as armor for the legs. 

JA€K'DAW, 71. [jack and daw.] A fowl. 

JAeK'FLAG, n. A flag hoisted at the sprit-sail top-mast- 
head. Encyc. 

JACK 'PUD-DING, n. [jack and pudding.] A merry-an- 
drew ;"a buffoon ; a zany. Qay. 

JA€K'SAUCE, n. An impudent fellow ; a saucy Jack. Shak. 

JA€K'SMITH, n. A smith who makes jacks for the chim- 
ney. 

* JA€K'AL, n. [Sp. chacal.] An animal of the genus canis, 
resembling a dog and a fox. 

JA€K'ET, n. [Sp. xaqueta ; Fr. jaquette.] A short close 
garment worn by males, extending downwards to the 
hips ; a short coat. 

JACK'ET-ED, a. Wearing a jacket. 

JA€'0-BIN, n. [So named from the place of meeting, which 
was the monastery of the monks called Jacobines.] The 
Jacobins, in France, during the late revolution, were a 
society of violent revolutionists. 

JACO-BIN, a. The same with jacobimcal. 

JACO-BlNE, «. 1. A monk of the order of Dominicans. 2. 
A pigeon with a high tuft. Ainsworth. 

JAe-0-BIN'I€, I a. Resembling the Jacobins of France ; 

JAC-O-BIN'I-eAL, \ turbulent. 

JA€-0-BIN'ISM, n. Jacobinic principles ; popxilar turbu- 
lence. 

JACO-BIN-IZE, V. t. To taint with Jacobinism. Burke. 

JAG'O-BITE, n. [from Jacobus.] 1. A partisan or adherent 
of James II. king of England, after he abdicated the 
throne, and of his descendants. 2. One of a sect of Chris- 
tians in Syria and Mesopotamia. 

JA€'0-BITE, a. Pertaining to the partisans of James II. 

JA€'0-BIT-1SM, n. The principles of the partisans of 
James II. Mason. 

JA'eOB'S-LAD'DER, n A plant. 

Ja'€OB'S-STAFF, 71. 1. A pilgrim's staff. 2. A staff con- 
cealing a dagger. 3. A cross staff; a kind of astrolabe. 

JA-€o'BUS, n. [Jacobus.] A gold coin, value twenty-five 
shillings sterling, struck in the reign of James I. 

JA€-0-NET', 71. A kind of coarse muslin. 

t JA€'TAN-CY, 71. [L. jactantia.] A boasting. 

JA€-TI-Ta'TION, 71. [h.jactatio.] 1 . A tossing of the body ; 
restlessness. 2. A term in the canon law, for a false pre- 
tension to marriage ; vain boasting. 

JA€'U-LATE, V. t. [L. jaculor.] To dart. 

JA€-U-La'TION, n. The action of darting, throwing or 
lanching, as missive weapons. Milton. 

JA€'U-LA-TOR, n. The shooting fish. 

JACU-LA-TO-RY, a. Darting or throwing out suddenly, 
or suddenly thrown out ; uttered in short sentences. See 
Ejaculatory. 

JADE, 71. 1. A mean or poor horse ; a tired horse ; a worth- 
less nag. 2. A mean woman ; a word of contempt, noting 
sometimes age, but generally vice. 3. A young woman ; 
in irony or slight contempt. 

JADE, n. A mineral called also nephrite. 

JADE, V. t. 1. To tire ; to fatigue ; to weary with hard ser- 
vice. 2. To weary with attention or study ; to tire. 3. 
To harass ; to crush. 4. To tire or wear out in mean of- 
fices. 5. To ride ; to rule with tyranny. 

JADE V. i. To become weary ; to lose spirit ; to sink. 

JaD'Iv-D, pp. Tired ; wearied ; fatigued ; harassed. 

JaD'ER-Y, 71. The tricks of a jade. Beaumont. 
JaD'ING, ppr. Tiring ; wearying ; harassing. 
JaD'ISH, a. ]. Vitious; bad, like a jade. 2. Unchaste. 

JAG, 71. [Sp. zaga.] A small load. JVew England. 



JAGG, V. t. To notch ; to cut into notches or teeth like those 
of a saw. 

JAGG, or JAG, n. A tooth of a saw ; a denticulation.— In 
botany, a cleft or division. Martyn. 

J AG'GEB, pp. 1. Notched ; uneven. 2. a. Having notches 
or teeth ; cleft ; divided ; laciniate. 

JAG'GED-NESS, n. The state of being denticulated ; un- 
evenness. Peacham. 

JAG'GING, ppr. Notching ; cutting into teeth ; dividing. 

JAG'GY, a. Set with teeth ; denticulated ; uneven 

JAG-U-AR', 71. The American tiger, or ounce of Brazil. 

JAH, n. Jehovah. 

J^IL, n. [Fr. geole ; sometimes written, improperly, gaol.] 
A prison ; a building or place for the confinement of per- 
sons arrested for debt or for crime. 

JaIL'BiRD, 71. A prisoner; one who has been confined in 
_prison. 

JaIL'ER, 71. The keeper of a prison. 

JaIL'FE-VER, n. A contagious and fatal fever generated 
in jails and other places crowded with people. 

JaKES, /?. A house of office or back-house ; a privy. 

*JAL'AP, 71. [Pott, jalapa ; Fr. jalap ; Sp. xalapa ; so 
called from Xalapa, in Mexico.] The lioot of a plant, much 
used 39 a cathartic. 

JAM, 71. 1. A conserve of fruits boiled with sugar and 
water. 2. A kind of frock for children. 

JAM, V. t. [Russ. je)?i.] 1. To press; to crowd ; to wedge 
in. — 2. In England, to tread hard or make firm by tread- 
ing, as land by cattle. Oi-ose. 

JAM, or JAMB, n. Among the lead miners of Mendip, a 
thick bed of stone which hinders them when pursuing the 
veins of ore. 

JA-MaI'CA Pepper. See Allspice. 

JAMB, (jam) n. [Fr.jambe.] In architecture, a supporter , 
the side-piece or post of a door ; the side-piece of a fire 
place. 

JAM-BEE', n . A name formerly given to a fashionable cane 
Tatlcr. 

t JAM'BEUX, n. Armor for the legs. Dryden. 

JANE, 72. 1. AcoinofGenoa. S/?e7!se?-. 2. Akindoff\istian 

JAN'GLE, V. i. [G. zanken.] To quarrel in words ; to alter- 
cate ; to bicker; to wrangle. Shak. 

JAN'GLE, V. t. To cause to sound discordantly. 

JAN'GLE, 71. [Old Fr. jangle.] Prate ; babble ; discordant 
sound. 

JAN'GLER, n. A wrangling, noisy fellow. 

JAN'GLING, j)pr. Wraligling; quarreling; sounding dis- 
cordantly. 

JAN'GLING, n. A noisy dispute ; a Wrangling. 

JAN'I-TOR, 7!. [L.] A door-keeper ; a porter. Warton. 

JAN-I-Za'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to the Janizaries. 

JAN'I-ZA-RY, n. [Turkish, yeniskeri.] A soldier of the 
Turkish foot guards. 

JAN'NO€K, 71. Oat-bread. [Local.] 

JAN'SEN-ISM, 71. The doctrine of Jansen in regard to free 
will and grace. 

JAN'SEN-IST, n. A follower of Jansen, bishop of Ypres, in 
Flanders. 

JANT, V. i. To ramble here and there ; to make an excur- 
sion. Shak. 

JANT, n. An excursion ; a ramble; a short journey. 

JANT'I-LY, adv. Briskly ; airily ; gayly. 

JANT'I-NESS, n. Airiness; flutter; briskness. 

JANT'Y, a. Airy ; showy ; fluttering ; finical. Hobbes. 

J AN'U- A-RY, 71 . [Fr, Janvier ; Yort. Janeiro ; Li.januarius.] 
The first month of the year, according to the present com- 
putation. 

JA-PAN', n. This name is given to work varnished and 
figured in the manner practiced by the natives of Japan. 

JA-PAN'-EARTH, 7(. Catechu, a combination of gummy 
and resinous matter, obtained from the juice of a species 
of palm tree. 

JA-PAN', V. t. 1. To varnish in the manner of the Japanese. 
2. To bkick and gloss, as in blacking shoes or boots. 

JAP-A-NeSE', a. Pertaining to Japan or its inhabitants. 

JAP-A-NeSE', n. A native of Japan ; or the language of the 
inhabitants. 

JA-PAN'NED, (ja-pand') pp. Varnished in a particular 
manner. 

JA-PAN'NER, n. 1. One who varnishes in the manner of 
the Japanese. 2. A shoe-blacker. 

JA-PAN'NING, ppr. Varnishing in the manner of the Jap- 
anese ; giving a glossy black surface. 

JA-PAN'NING, 71. The art of varnishing. 

t JAPE, 75. i. [Ice. g-eipa.] To jest. Chaucer. 

t JAPE, V. t. XSax. geap.] To cheat. Chaucer. 

t JAPE, n. A jest ; a trick. Chaucer. 

fJAP'ER, n. A jester. 

JA-PHET'I€, a. Pertaining to Japheth, the eldest son of 
Noah. 

JAP'U, 71. A bird of Brazil that suspends its nest. 

JAR, V. i. 1. To strike together with a short rattle or tremu- 
lous sound ; to strike untunably or harshly ; to strike dis- 
cordantly. 2. To clash ; to interfere ; to act in opposition ; 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, D^^VE ;— BULL, UNITE— € as K j 6 as J j S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



JEA 



472 



JES 



to be inconsistent. 3. To quarrel ; to dispute ; to clash in 
words. 4. To vibrate regularly ; to repeat the same sound. 

JXR, V. t. To shake ; to cause to tremble ; to cause a short 
tremulous motion in a thing. 

JAR, n. 1. A rattling vibration of sound ; a shake. 2. A 
harsh sound ; discord. 3. Clash of interests or opinions ; 
collision ; discord ; debate. 4. The state of a door half 
open, or ready to move and strike the post. 5. Repetition 
of the noise made by the pendulum of a clock. 
■ JAR, 71 [S^.ja7Ta,jarro.] I. A vessel with a large belly 
and broad mouth, made of earth or glass. 2. A certain 
measure. 

J ARARACA, n. A species of serpent in America. 

t JAR'BLE, or f JAV'EL, v. t. To beraire. Spenser. 

JARDES, n. [Fr.j Callous tumors on the leg of a horse, be- 
low the bend of the ham on the outside. 

t JAR'GLE, V. i. To emit a harsh or shrill sound 



JAR'GON, n. [Fr. jargon.] 1. Confused, unintelligible talk 

or language ; gabble ; gibberish ; cant. 2. A minej ' 
JAR-GO-NEI^LE', (jar-go-nel') n. A species of pear. 



gibberish ; cant. 2. A mineral. 

_. — „„ ^,„^^^ , ^j^x go-nel') 71. A species of pea 

JAR-GON'I€5 <^- Pertaining to the mineral jargon. 

JARRED, pj?.'[from jar.] Shaken. 

JARR'ING, ppr. Shaking ; making a harsh sound ; discord- 
ant. 

JARR'ING, n. A shaking ; discord ; dispute. 

Ja'SEY, n. [corrupted from jarsey or jersey.] A worsted 
wig, and, m some places, a colloquial term for a wig. 

JAS'HAWK, 71. A young hawk. Ainsworth,. 

JAS'MIN, j n. [Fr. jasmin. It is sometimes written iessa- 

JAS'MiNE, \ mine.] A plant of the genus jas7ai7iMJK,'bear- 
ing beautiful flowers. 

JASP. The same as jas;)er, 

JAS'PA-CHATE, n. A name anciently given to some vari- 
eties of agate jasper. Cyc. 

JAS'PER, 71. [Fr. jaspe.] A mineral which admits of an ele- 
gant polish, and is used for vases, seals, snuff-boxes, &c. 

JAS'PER-A-TED, a. Mixed with jasper. 

JAS-PI-De'AN, a. Like jasper ; consisting of jasper. 

JAS'PO-NYX, 71. The purest horn-colored onyx. 

fJAUNCE, w. i. [Fr. jancer.] To bustle ; to jaunt. Shak. 

JAUN'DiCE, (jan'dis) n.[FT.jau.nisse.] A disease which is 
characterized by a suffusion of bile over the coats of the 
eye and the whole surface of the body, by which iney are 
tinged with a yellow color. Hence its name. 

JAUN'DlCED, (jan'dist) a. 1. Affected with the jaundice ; 
suffused with a yellow color. 2. Prejudiced j seeing with 
discolored organs. 

JAUNT. See Jant. 

t JAV'EL, or J AB'LE, v. t. To bemire ; and, as a noun, a 
wandering or dirty fellow. Spenser. 

JAVE'LIN, (jav'lin) n. [Fr.javeline.] A sort of spear about 
five feet and a half long, the shaft of which was of wood, 
but pointed with steel. 

JAW, 71. [Fr.joue, the cheek.] 1. The bones of the mouth 
'in which the teeth are fixed. 2. The mouth.— 3. In vul- 
gar language, scolding, wrangling, abusive clamor. 

JAW, V, i. To scold ; to clamor. [ Vulgar.] 

JAW, V. t. To abuse by scolding. [ Vulgar.] 

JAWED, a. Denoting the appearance of the jaws. 

JAW'FALL.Ti. Depression of the jaw ; figuratively, depres- 
sion of sphits. M. Griffith. 

JAW'FALL-EN, a. Depressed in spirits j dejected. 

t JAWN, V. i. To yawn. See Yawn. 

JAW'Y, a. Relating to the jaws. Oayton. 

JAY, 71. [Fr. geai; Sp. gayo.] A bird. 

JAYET. sJjet. ^ ^ -^ ^ 

Ja'ZEL, n. A gem of an azure blue color. 

JEAIVOUS, (jel'us) a. [Fr. jaloux.] 1. Suspicious; appre- 
hensive of rivalship ; uneasy through fear that another 
has withdrawm or may withdraw from one the affections 
of a person he loves, or enjoy some good which he desires 
to obtain. 2. Suspicious that we do not enjoy the affec- 
tion or respect of others. 3. Emulous ; full of competi- 
tion. 4. Solicitous to defend the honor of ; concerned for 
the character of. 5. Suspiciously vigilant; anxiously 
careful and concerned for. 6. Suspiciously fearful. 

JEAL'OUS-LY, (jel'us-ly) adv. With jealousy or suspicion ; 
emulously ; with suspicious fear or vigilance. 

JEAL'OUS-NESS, (jel'us-nes) n. The state of being jeal- 
ous ; suspicion; suspicious vigilance. Kina- Charles. 

JEAL'OUS-Y, (jel'us-y) n. [Fr. jalousie.] 1. That passion or 
peculiar uneasiness, whi',h arises from the fear that a rival 
may rob us of the affect on of one whom we love, or the 
suspicion that he has aVready done it ; or it is the uneasi- 
ness which arises from the fear that another does or will 
enjoy some advantage which we desire for ourselves. 
Jealousy is nearly allied to envy, for jealousy, before a good 
is lost by ourselves, is converted into envy, after it is ob- 
tained by others. 2. Suspicious fear or apprehension. 3. 
Suspicious caution or viiiilance ; an earnest concern or so- 
licitude for the welfare or honor of others. 4. Indignation. 

JeARS, n. In sea-language, an assemblage of tackles by 
which the lower yards of a ship are hoisted or lowered. 

JEAT, 71. A fossil of a fine black color. See Jet. 



JEER, V. i. [G. scheren.] To utter severe, sarcastic reflec- 
tions ; to scoff; to deride ; to flout ; to make a mock of. 

JEER, V. t. To treat with scoffs or derision. Howell. 

JEER, 71. RaiUng language ; scoff; taunt; biting jest; 
flout ; jibe ; mockery ; derision ; ridicule with scorn. 

JEERED, pp. RaUed at ; derided. 

JEER'ER, 71. A scoffer ; a railer ; a scomer ; a mocker. 

JEER'ING, ppr. Scofiing ; mockmg ; deriding. 

JEER'ING, 71. Derision. 

JEERilNG-LY, adv. With raillery; scornfully; contempts 
ously ; in mockery. Derham. 

JEF'FER-SON-lTE, 71. A mineral. Phillips. 

fJEG'GET, 7j. A kind of sausage. Mnsworth. 

JE-Ho'VAH, 71. The Scripture name of the Supreme Being 
Heb. TWr\i. 

JE-Ho'VIST, n. Among critics, one who maintains that 
the vowel-points annexed to the word Jehovah, in He- 
brew, are the proper vowels of the word, and express the 
true pronunciation. 

JE-JuNE', a. [L. jejunus.] 1. Wanting ; empty ; vacant 
2. Hungry ; not saturated. 3. Dry ; barren ; wanting in- 
teresting matter. 

JE-JuNE'NESS, 71. Poverty ; barrenness ; particularly , 
want of interesting matter. [Jejunity is not used.] 

JEL'LIED, a. [See Jelly and Gelly.] Brought to the con- 
sistence of jelly. 

JEL'LY, n. [Sp. jalea.] 1. The inspissated juice of fruit, 
boiled with sugar. 2. Something viscous or glutinous ; 
something of the consistency of jelly ; a transparent, sizv 
substance, obtained from animal substances by decoction 
portable soup. 

JEL'LY-BAG, n. A bag through which jelly is distilled. 

JEM'MI-NESS, 71. Spruceness. 

JEIVI'MY, a. Spruce. Wldter. [A low word.] 

JEN'ITE, n. A different orthography of yenite, which see. 

JEN'NET, n. A small Spanish horse, properly genet. 

JEN'NET-ING, n. [said to be corrupted from juneting, at 
apple ripe in June, or at St. Jean.] A species of early 
apple. Mortimer. 

JEN'NY, 71. A machine for spinning, moved by water c 
steam , and used in manufactories. 

JENT'LING, n. A fish, the blue chub, found m the Danube 

JEOF'AIL, (jef fail) n. [Fr.j^aifailli.] An oversight ii 
pleading or other proceeding at law ; or the acknowledg 
ment of a mistake. 

JEOP'ARD, (jep'ard) v. t. To hazard ; to put in danger ; If 
expose to loss or injury. 

JEOP'ARD-ER, (jep'ard-er) n. One who puts to hazard. 

JEOP'ARD-IZE, (jep'ard-ize) v. t. To expose to loss or inju- 
ry ; to jeopard. [This is a modern word, used in America 
but synonymous with jeopard, and therefore useless.] 

JEOP'ARD-OUS, (jep'ard-us) a. Exposed to danger ; peril 
ous; hazardous. 

JEOP'ARD-OUS-LY, (jep'ard-us-ly) adv. With risk o^ 
danger. 

JEOP'ARD-Y, (jep'ard-y) n. [Fr.j'ai perdu, I have lost, o^ 
jea perdu, a lost game ; G. gefahr, danger.] Exposure U 
death, loss or injury ; hazard ; danger ; peril. 

JER'BO-A, n. A quadruped having very short fore legs. 

JERK, v. t. [Sax. hrmcan, herca.] 1. To thrust out ; to 
thrust with a sudden effort ; to give a sudden pull, twitch 
thrust or push. 2. To throw with a quick, smart motion 

t JERK, V. t. To accost eagerly. Dryden. 

JERK, 71. 1. A short, sudden thrust, push or twitch ; i 
striking against something with a short, quick motion. 
2. A sudden spring. 

JERK'ER, 71. One who strikes with a quick, smart blow. 

JERK'IN, 71. 1. A jacket ; a short coat ; a close waistcoat. 
South. 2. A kind of hawk. Ainsworth. 

JER'SEY, 71. [from the island so called.] 1. Fine yarn of 
wool. 2. The finest of wool separated from the rest 
combed wool. 

JE-RtJ'SA-LEM AR'TI-CHOKE, n. A plant. 

JESS, n. 1. A short strap of leather tied round the legs of e 
hawk, by which she is held on the fist. 2. A ribbon thai 
hangs down from a garland or crown in falconry. 

JES'SA-MIN, 77. A genus of plants and their flowers. See 
Jasmin. 

JES'SE, 7i. A large brass candlestick branched into many 
sconces, hanging down in the middle of a church or choir. 
Cowel. 

JESSED, a. Having jesses on ; a term.' in heraldry 

JEST, 71. [Sp. and Port, chiste.] 1. A joke ; something lu- 
dicrous uttered and meant only to excite laughter. 2 
The object of laughter or sport ; a laughing stock. 3. A 
mask. 4. A deed; an action : [obs.] 

JEST, v.i. 1. To divert or make merry by words or actions ; 
to joke. 2. To utter in sport; to say what is not true, 
merely for diversion. 3. To play a part in a mask. 

JEST'ER, 71. 1. A person given to jesting, sportive talk and 
merry pranks. 2. One given to sarcasm. 3. A buffoon ; 
a merry-andrew, a person formerly retained by princes to 
make sport for them. 



* See Synopsis. A, fi, I, 5, tr, Y, long.— FAB., FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARfNE, BJRD ; 



t Obsolete 



JIG 



473 



JOH 



JEST'ING, ppr. Joking j talking for diversion or merri- 
ment. 

JEST'ING, M. A joking ; concise wit. Encyc. 

JEST'ING-L Y, adv. In a jocose manner 3 not in earnest. 

JESTING-STOeK, n. A laugliing-stock ; a butt of ridi- 
cule. 

JES'U-IT, B. One of the society of Jesus, so called, founded 
by Ignatius Loyola. 

JES'U-IT-ED, a. Conforming to the principles of the Jesu- 
its. White. 

JES'U-IT-ESS, n. A female Jesuit in principle. Bp. Hall. 

JES-U-IT'I€, la. 1. Pertaining to the Jesuits or their 

JES-U-IT'I-eAL, \ principles and arts. 2. Designing ; 
cunning ; deceitful j prevaricating. 

JES-U-IT'I-€AL-LY, adv. Craftily. 

JES'U-IT-ISM, 71. 1. The arts, principles and practices of 
the Jesuits. 2. Cunning ; deceit ; hypocrisy ; prevEirica- 
tion ; deceptive practices to effect a purpose. 

JES'U-ITS'-BARK, n. Peruvian bark ; the bark of the cin- 
cJiona, a tree of Peru, 

JET, n. [D. git ; Fi.jayet.] A solid, dry, black, inflamma- 
ble fossil substance. 

JET, n. [Fr. jff ; It. getto.] 1. A spout, spouting or shoot- 
ing of water. 2. A yard. Tusser. 3. Drift j scope j [not 
in use, or local.l 

JET, V. i. 1. To shoot forward ; to shoot out ; to project ; 
to jut ; to intrude. 2. To strut ; to throw or toss the body 
in haughtiness. 3. To jerk ; to jolt j to be shaken. See 
Jut. 

JET'TEAU, (jet'to) n. [Yi.jet d'eau.] A throw or spout of 
water. Addison. 

JET'SAM, JET'gON, or JETTI-SON, n. [Fr. jetter.] In 
law and commerce, properly, the throwing of goods over- 
board in order to lighten a ship in a tempest for her pres- 
ervation. 

JET'TEE, n. A projection in a building. 

JET'TER, n. A spruce fellow ; one who struts. 

JETiTY,v.i. To jut. 

JET'TY, 71. A small pier or projection into a river for nar- 
rowing it and raising the water above that place. 

JET'TY, a. Made of jet, or black as jet. Pope. 

JET'TY-HEAD, n. The projecting part of a wharf; the 
front of a wharf whose side forms one of the cheeks of a 
dock. 

JEW, 71. [a. contraction of Jvdas or Judah. I A Hebrew or 
Israelite. 

JEWEL, 71. [It. gioiello , Ft. joyau ; Sp.joya,joyel;G. 
juwel j B.juweel.] 1. An ornament worn by ladies, usu- 
ally consisting of a precious stone, or set with one or 
more ; a pendant worn in the ear. 2. A precious stone. 
3. A name expressive of fondness. 

JEWEL, V. t. To dress or adorn with jewels 

JEWEL-HOUSE, or JEWEL- OF'FICE, n. The place 
v/here the royal ornaments are reposited. Shak. 

JEWEL-IiTKE, a. Brilliant as a jewel. Shak. 

JEWELED, pp. Adorned with jewels, 

JEW'EL-ER, n. One who makes or deals in jewels and 
other ornaments. 

JEWEL-ING, ppr. Adorning with jewels, 

JEWEL-RY, 71. Jewels in general. 

JEW'ESS, n. A Hebrew woman. Acts, xxiv. 

JEWISH, a. Pertaining to the Jews or Hebrews. 

JEWTSH-LY, adv. In the manner of the Jews. Donne. 

JEW'ISH-NESS, 71. The rights of the Jews. Martin. 

JEWRY, 71. Judea ; also, a district inhabited by Jews. 

JEWS'-eAR, n. The name of a species of fungus. 

JEWS-FRANK-IN'CENSE, n. A plant. 

JEWS'-HARP, 71. [Jew and harp.] An instrument of music 
shaped like a harp, which, placed between the teeth, and 
by means of a spring struck by the finger, gives a sound 
which is modulated by the breath into soft melody. It is 
called, also, Jews-trump. 

JEWS'-MAL-LoW, n. A plant, a species of corchorus. 

JEWS'-PITCH, n. Asphaltum, which see. 

JEWS'-STONE, 71. The clavated spine of a very large egg- 
shaped sea urchin petrified. 

JEZ'E-BEL, 7!. An impudent, daring, vicious woman. 

JIB, 77. The foremost sail of a ship, being a large stay-sail 
extended from the outer end of the jib-boom towards the 
fore-topmast-head. 

JIB, V. t. To shift a boom-sail fror^ one side of the mast to 
tlJe other. 

JIB-BOOM, 71. A spar which is run out from the extremity 
of the bowsprit, and which serves as a continuation of it. 

JI-BOY'A, 71, An American serpent of the largest kind. 

JI€K'A-JOG, 71. [a cant word from jog-.] A shake ; a push. 
B. Jonson. 

JIF'FY, n. An instant. 

JIG, 71. [It. giga ; Fr. gigue.] 1. A kind of light dance, or 
a tune or air. 2. A ballad, 

JIG, V. i. To dance a jig. 

JIG'GER, 71 In sea-language, a machine used to hold on 
the cable when it is heaved into the ship, by the revolu- 
tion of the windlass. 



JIG'GISH, a. Suitable to a jig. - 

JIG'GUM-BOB, 71. A trinket 3 a knick-knack. Hudibras 

JIG'Ma-KER, n. 1. One who makes or plays jigs. Shak 

2. A ballad maker. Dekker. 

JIG'PIN, 77. A pin used by miners to hold the turn-beams 
and prevent them from turning. 

JILL, n. A young woman, in contempt. See Gill. 

JILL'-FLiRT, 71. A light, wanton woman. Guardian. 

JILT, 71. 1. A woman who gives her lover hopes, and ca- 
priciously disappoints him ; a woman who triflies with her 
lover. 2. A name of contempt for a woman. 

JILT, V. t. To encourage a lover, and then frustrate his 
hopes ; to trick in love ; to give hopes to a lover, and then 
reject him. Dryden. 

JILT, V. i. To play the jilt ; to practice deception in love, 
and discard lovers. Congreve. 

JIM'MERS, 71. Jointed hinges. Bailey. 

JIMP, a. Neat ; handsome ; elegant of shape. 

JIN'GLE, V. i. To sound with a fine, sharp rattle ; to clink. 

JIN'GLE, V. t. To cause to give a sharp sound, as a little 
bell, eras pieces of metal. Pope. 

JIN'GLE, n. 1. A rattling or clinking sound, as of little 
bells or pieces of metal. 2. A little bell or rattle. 3 
Correspondence of sound in rhymes. 

JIN'GLING, ppr. Giving a sharp, fine,' rattling sound, as a 
little bell, or as pieces of metal. 

JIP'PO, n. [Fr. jupe.] A waistcoat or kind of stays for fe- 
males. 

JOB, 77. 1. A piece of work ; any thing to be done, whether 
of more or less importance. 2. A lucrative business ; an 
undertaking with a view to profit. 3. A sudden stab 
with a pointed instrument. — To do the job for one, to kill 
him. 

JOB, V. t. 1. To strike or stab with a sharp instrument. 2. 
To drive in a sharp-pointed instrument. Moron. 

JOB, V. i. To deal in the public stocks ; to buy and sell as 
a broker. Pope. 

JOB'BER, 71. 1. One who does small jobs. 2. A dealer in 
the public stocks or funds ; usually called a stock-joober. 

3, One who engages in a low, lucrative affair, 
JOB'BER-NOWL, n. [Fl. jobbe, and Sax. knol.] A logger- 
head ; a_blockhead. [A low word.] Hudibras. 

JoB'S'-TeARS, n. A plant of the genus coix. 

JOCK'EY, 71. [said to be from Jackey, a diminutive of Jack, 

John ; primarily, a boy that rides horses.] 1. A man that 

rides horses in a race. 2, A dealer in horses ; one who 

makes it his business to buy and sell horses for gain. 3. 

A cheat ; one who deceives or takes undue advantage in 

trade. 
JOCK'EY, V. t. I. To cheat ; to trick ; to deceive in trade. 

2. To jostle by riding aj^Eiinst one. Johnson. 
JOCK'EY-SHIP, 71. The art or practice of riding horses. 

Cowper 
JO-CoSE, a. [Ij.jocosus.] 1. Given to jokes and jesting j 

merry ; waggish. 2. Containing a joke ; sportive ; merry. 
JO-CoSE'LY, adv. In jest j for sport or game ; waggishly. 

Broome. 
JO-CoSE'NESS, 77. The quality of being jocose ; waggery j 

merrment. [Jocosity is not used.] 
JO-CO-Se'RI-OUS, a. Partaking of mirth and seriousness. 

Green. 
JOC'U-LAR, a. [Ti.jocularis.] 1. Jocose ; waggish ; merry 

given to jesting. 2. Containing jokes ; sportive ; not 

serious. 
JOC-U-LAR'I-TY, 71. Merriment ; jesting. Brown. 
JOC'U-LAR-LY, adv. In jest ; for sport or mirth, 
t JOC'U-LAR-Y, a. Jocular. Bacon. 
JOC'U-LA-TOR, 71. [L.] A jester ; a droll ; a minstrel. 
JOC'U-LA-TO-RY, a. Droll ; merrily said. 
JOCUND, a. [L. jocundus.] Merry ; gay ; airy ; lively ; 

sportive. Prior. 
JO-CUND'I-TY, or JOC'UND-NESS, 71. State of being 

merry ; gayety. 
JOC'UND-LY, adv. Merrily ; gayly. 
JOG, V. t. To push or shake with the elbow or hand ; to 

give notice or excite attention by a slight push. 
JOG, V. i. 1. To move by jogs or small shocks, like those of 

a slow trot. Milton. 2. To walk or travel idly, heavily 

or slowly. 
JOG, 71, 1, A push ; a sliglit shake ; a shake or push in- 
tended to give notice or awaken attention. 2. A rub ; a 

small stop ; obstruction. 
JOG'GER, 71. ], One who walks or moves heavily and 

slowly. 2, One who gives a sudden push. 
JOG'GING, ppr. Pushing slightly. 
JOG'GING, 77. A slight push or shake. 
JOG'GLE, V. t. [from jog.] To shake slightly ; to give a 

sudden but slight push. 
JOG'GLE, 7;. i. To shake. Derham. 
JOG'GLED, pp. Slightly shaken. 
JOG'GLING, ppr. Shaking slightly. 
JO-HAN'NES, n. [John, Latinized.] A Portuguese gold 

coin of the value of eight dollars j contracted often into 

joe ; as, a joe, or half-joe. 



See Synopsis MOVE, BQQK DOVE ;— BVLL., UNITE.— € as K 5 G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



JOL 



474 



JUB 



JOHN, n. A word often used in contempt ; as, a country 
John 

JOHN'AP-PLE, n. A sort of apple, good for spring use, 
when other fruit is spent. Mortimer. 

JOIN, V. t. [Fr. joindre.] 1. To set or brmg one thing in 
contiguity with another. 2. To couple ; to connect ; to 
combine. 3. To unite in league or marriage. 4, To as- 
sociate. 5. To unite in any act. 6. To unite in concord. 

JOIN, V. i. 1. To grow to ; to adhere. 2. To be contigu- 
ous close or in contact. 3. To unite with in maniage, 
league, confederacy, partnership or society. 

JOIN'DER, n. A joining ; as, a joinder in demurrer. 

JOINED, pp. Added J united j set or fastened together j 
associated j confederated. 

JOIN'ER, 71. One whose occupation is to construct v,hing3 
by joining pieces of wood ; but appropriately and usually, 
a mechanic who does the wood-work in the covering and 
tlnishing of buildings. 

JOIN'ER-Y, n. The art of fitting and joining pieces of lim- 
ber in the construction of utensils or parts of a building, 
so as to form one entire piece. 

JOIN HAND, 71. Writing in which letters are joined in 
wordsj as distinguished from writing in single letters. 

JOJN'IIVG, ppr. Adding ; making contiguous ; uniting 5 con- 
federating. 

JOINT, n. [Fr. joint.'] 1. The joining of two or more 
things. — ^2. In anatomy, the joining of two or more bones ; 
an articulation ; as the elbow, the knee, or the knuckle. 
3. A knot ; the union of two parts of a plant ; or the space 
between two joints ; an internode. 4. A hinge ; a junc- 
ture of parts which admits of motion. 5. The place where 
two pieces of timber are united. — 6. In joinery, straight 
lines are called a joint, when two pieces of wood are 
planed. 7. One of the limbs of an animal cut up by the 
butcher. — Out uf joint, luxated ; dislocated. 

JOINT, a. 1. Shared by two or more ; as joint property. 
2. United in the same profession ; having an interest in 
the same thing. 3. United ; combined ; acting in concert. 

JOINT, V. t. 1. To form with joints or articulations. 2. 
To form many parts into one. 3. To cut or divide into 
joints or quarters. 

JOINT'ED, pp. 1. Fonned with articulations, as the stem 
of a plant. 2. Separated into joints or quarters. 

JOINT'ER, n. A long plane, a joiner's utensil. 

JOINT'-HEIR, (joint -are) ?i. [joint und. heir.] An heir hav- 
ing a joint interest with another. 

JOINT'LY, adv. 1. Together; unitedly; in concert; with 
cooperation. 2. With union of interest. 

JOINT'RESS, n. A woman who has a jointure. 

JOINT'-STO€K, n. Stock held in company. 

JOINT'-STOOL, 71. A stool consisting of parts united. 

JOINT-TEN'AN-CY, n. A tenure of estate by unity of in- 
terfist, title, time and possession. 

JOINT-TEN'ANT, n. [joint and tenant.] One who holds 
an estate by joint tenancy. 

JOINT'URE, n. [Fr.] An estate in lands or tenements, 
settled on a woman in consideration of marriage, and 
which she is to enjoy after her husband's decease. 

JOINT'URE, V. t. To settle a jointure upon. Cowley. 

JOINT'URED, pp. Endowed with a jointure. 

JOIST, 71. [^coX. geist, or g est.] A smah piece of timber, 
such as is framed into the girders and summers of a budd- 
ing to support a floor. 

JOIST, V. t. To fit in joists ; to lay joists. ' 

JOKE, 71. [L. jocMs.] I. A jest ; something said for the sake 
of exciting a laugh ; something witty or sportive ; raillery. 

2. Aw illusion ; something not real, or to no purpose. — In 
joke, in jest ; for the sake of raising a laugh ; not in 
earnest. 

JOKE, V. i. [li.jocor.] To jest; to be merry in words or 
actions. 

JOKE, V. t. To rally ; to cast jokes at ; to make merry with. 

JOK'ER, n. A jester; a merry fehow. Dennis. 

JoK'liNG, ppr. Jesting ; making merry with. 

JoK'ING-LY, adv. In a jesting, merry way. 

JOLE, 71. 1. The cheek ; used in the phrase, cheek byjole, 
that is, with the cheeks together, close, tete k tSte. Dry- 
den. 2. The head of a fish. Pojje. 

t JOLE, or JoLL, v. t. To strike the head against any 
thing ; to clash with violence. Shak. 

JOLrLI-LY, adv. With noisy mirth ; with a disposition to 
noisv mirth. Dryden. 

\ JOL'Ll-MENT, n. Rlirth ; merriment. Spenser. 

JOL'LI-KESS, I n. 1. Noisy mirth ; gayety ; meniment ; 

JOL'LI-TY, i festivity. 2. Elevation of spirit ; gayety. 

JOL'LY, c. [Fr. joli.] 1. Merry ; gay 3 lively ; full of life 
and mirth ; jovial. 2. Expressing mirth or inspiring it. 

3. Exciting mirth and gayety. 4. Like one in high 
health ; pretty. South, 

JOL'LY-BoAT, n. A small boat belonging to a ship. 
JoLT, V. i. To shake with short, abrupt risings and fallings. 
JoLT, V. t. To shake with sudden jerks, as in a carriage on 

rough ground, or on a high trotting horse. 
■ JoLT, 71. A shock or shake by a sudden jerk. Swift. 



JoLT'ER, 71. He or that which jolts. 

JoLT'HEAD, 71. A greathead ; a dunce ; a blockhead 

JoLT'ING, ppr. Giving sudden jerks or shakes. 

* JoN'aUIL, 71. [Fr. jonquille.] A plant of the genus nar- 
cissus or daffodil, bearing beautiful flowers. 

JOR'DEN, 71. A vessel for chamber uses. Swift. 

Jo'RUM, n. A colloquial term, in several parts of England, 
_for a bowl or drinking vessel with liquor in it. 

Jo'SEPH, n. A riding coat or habit for wdmen, with but- 
tons down to the skirts, formerly much in use. 

JOSEPH'S FLOW-ERS, n. A plant. 

JO'SO, n. A small fish of the gudgeon kind. 

JOS'TLE, (jos'sl) y. i. [Fi.jouter. Written also justle.] To 
run against ; to push. 

JOSTLED, pp. Run against ; pushed. 

JOSTLING, p;?r. Running against ; pushing. 

JOS'TLING, 71. A running against ; a crowding. 

JOT, 71. [Gr. c(OTa.] An iota; a point; a tittle ; the least 
quantity assignable. 

JOT, V. t. To set down ; to make a memorandum of. 

JOT'TING, 71. A memorandum. Todd. 

t JOU-IS'SANGE, 71. [Fr.] Jollity ; merrunent. Spenser. 

JOUNCE, V. t. To shake ; to jolt. Used as a noun, for a 
jolt or shake. 

JOUP, V. t. To shase ups to dash. Grose. 

JoUR'NAL, (jur'nal) 71. [Fr. jourjial ; It. giornale ; L. di- 
urnum.] 1. A diary ; an account of daily transactions and 
events ; or the book containing such account. — 2. Among 
merchants, a book in which every particular article or 
charge is fairly entered from the waste-book or blotter. — 
3, In navigation, a daily register of the ship's course and 
distance, the winds, weather, and other occurrences. 4. 
A paper published daily, or other newspaper ; also, the 
title of a book or pamphlet published at stated times. 

t JoUR'NAL, a. [Fi. journale.] Daily ; quotidian. Spenser. 

JoUR'NAL-IST, (jur'nal-ist) 71. The writer of a journal or 
diary. 

JoUR'NAL-iZE, ( jur'nal-ize) v. t. To enter in a journal. 

JoUR'NEY, (jur'ny) 71. [Fr. journee.] 1. The travel of a 
day ; [obs.] 2. Travel by land to any distance and for 
any time, indefinitely. 3. Passage from one place to 
another. 4. It may sometimes include a passing by water, 

JoUR'NEY, (jur'ny) v. i. To travel from place to place ; to 
pass from home to a distance. 

JoUR'NEY-ING, ppr. Traveling; passing from place to 
place. 

JoUR'NEY-ING, 71. A traveling or passing from one place 
to another. 

J6UR'NEY-MAN, n. A mechanic who is hired to work for 
another in his employment. 

JoUR'NEY-WoRK, n. Work done for hire by a mechanic 
in his proper occupation. 

JOUST. See Just. 

JOVE, 71. [L. Jovis, gen. of Jupiter.] 1. The name of the 
supreme deity among the Romans. 2. The planet Jupi- 
ter. 3. The air or atmosphere, or the god of the air. 

Jo'VI-AL, a. Under the influence of Jupiter, the planet. 

JO'VT-AL, «. [Fr. and Sp. jovial ; It. gioviale.] 1. Gay ; 
nit-rry ; airy ; joyous ; jolly. 2. Expressive of mirth and 
hilarity. 

Jo'VI-AL-IST, 71. One who lives a jovial life. Hall. . 

Jo'VI-AL-LY, adv. Merrily ; gaylv ; with noisy mirth. 

JO'VI-AL-NESS, n. Noisy nrrth ; gayety. 

JO'VI-AL-TY, 7!. Merriment ; festivity. Barrow. 

JOWL, n. The cheek. See Jole. 

JOWL'ER, 71. The name of a huntmg dog, beagle or other 
dog. Dryden. 

JOW^'TER, n. A fish driver. Carew. 

JOY, 71. [Fr. joie.] 1. The passion or emotion excited by 
the acquisition or expectation of good ; gladness ; exulta- 
tion ; exhilaration of spirits. 2. Gayety ; mirth ; festivi- 
ty. 3. Happiness ; felicity. 4. A glorious and triumph- 
ant state. 5. The cause of joy or happiness. 6. A terra 
of fondness ; the cause of joy. 

JOY, V. i. To rejoice ; to be glad ; to exult. 

JOY, V. t. 1. To give joy to ; to congratulate ; to entertain 
kindly. 2. To gladden ; to exhilarate. 3. [Fr. jouir.] 
To enjoy ; to have or possess with pleasure, or to have 
pleasure in the possession of ; [little used. See Enjoy.] 
Milton. Dryden. 

t JOY'ANCE, 7j. [OldFr.joiaTit.] Gayety; festivity. 

JOYED, pp. Gladdened ; enjoyed. 

JOY'FUL, a. Full of jov ; very glad ; exulting. 

JOY'FtJL-LY, adv. With joy ; gladly. Dryden. 

JOY'FtJL-NESS, 71. Great gladness ; joy. 

JOY'LESS, a. 1. Destitute of joy ; wanting joy. 2. Giving 
no joy or pleasure. 

JOY'LESS-LY, adv. Without joy. Milton. 

JOY'LESS-NESS, 71. State of being joyless. Donne. 

JOY'OUS, a. [Fr. joyeux.] 1. Glad ; gay ; merry ; joyful. 
2. Giving joy. 

JOY'OUS-LY, adv. With joy or gladness. 

JOY'OUS-NESS, 71. The state of being joyous. 

f JUB, n. A bottle or vessel. Chaucer. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, U, "Y, lovg.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ^PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD f- t Obsolete. 



JUD 



475 



JUM 



Jt BI-LANT, a. [L.juUlans.] Uttering songs of triumph ; 
rejoicing ; shouting with joy. Milton. 

JU-BI-La'TION, n. [L. jubilatio.] The act of declaring 
triumph. 

JU'BI-LEE, n. [Ft. jubile ; L. jubilum.] 1. Among the 
Jews, every fiftietli year, being the year following the re- 
volution of seven weeks of years, at which time all the 
slaves were liberated, and all lands which had been alien- 
ated during the whole period reverted to their former 
owners. This was a time of great rejoicing. 2. A season 
of great public joy and festivity. 3. A church solemnity 
or ceremony celebrated at Rome, in which the pope grants 
plenary indulgence. 

J U-eUND'I-TY, n. [L. jucunditas.] Pleasantness; agree- 
ableness. [Little used.] Brown. 

JCJ-dI 'I^AL i ^' Pertaining to tlie Jews. Milner. 

JU-Da I-€AL-LY, adv. After the Jewish manner. 

JUDA-ISM, n. [Fr.judaisme.] 1. The religious doctrines 
and rites of the Jews, as enjoined in the laws of Moses. 
9. Conformity to the Jewish rites and ceremonies. 

JulJA-iZE, v.i. [Ft. judaiser.] To conform to the reli- 
gious doctrines and rites of the Jews. 

Ju DA-lZ-ER, n. One who conforms to the religion of the 
_Jews._ Macknight. 

JU'DA-lZ-ING, ppr. Conforming to the doctrines and rites 
of the Jews. 

Ju'DAS-TlvEE, n. A plant of the genus cercis. 

JUD'DOCK, n. A small snipe, called, also, jai;A;-s7!i;7e. 

JUDGE, n. [Fr. JMoe.] 1. A civil office^ who is invested 
with authority to hear and determine causes, civil or 
criminal, between parties. 2. The Supreme Being. 3. 
One who presides in a court of judicature. 4. One who 
has skill to decide on the merits of a question, or on the 
value of any thing ; one who can discern truth and pro- 
priety. — 5. In- the history of Israel, a chief magistrate, 
with" civil and military powers. 6. A juryman or 
juror. 

JUDGE, V. i. [FT.juger.'] 1. To compare facts or ideas, and 
perceive their agreement or disagreement, and thus to 
distinguish truth from falsehood. 2. To form an opinion ; 
to bring to issue the reasoning or deliberations of the 
mind. 3. To hear and determine, as in causes on trial ; 
to pass sentence. 4. To discern ; to distinguish ; to con- 
sider accurately for the purpose of formmg an opinion or 
conclusion. 

JUDGE, V. t. 1. To hear and determine a case ; to examine 
and decide. 2. To try ; to examine and pass sentence 
on. 3. Rightly to understand and discern. 4. To cen- 
sure rashly ; to pass severe sentence. 5. To esteem ; to 
think ; to reckon. 6. To rule or govern. 7. To doom to 
punishment; to punish. 

JUDGED, pp. Heard and determined ; tried judicially ; 
sentenced; censured; doomed. 

JUDGER, 71. One who judges or passes sentence. 

JUDGE'SHIP, (judjship) n. The office of a judge. 

JUDG'ING, ppr. Hearing and determining; forming an 
opinion ; dooming. 

fUDG'MENT, 7(. [Ft. jugement.] 1. The act of judging; 
the act or process of the mind in comparing its ideas, to 
find their agreement or disagreement, and to ascertain 
truth. 2. The faculty of the mind by which man is ena- 
bled to compare ideas and ascertain the relations of terms 
and propositions. 3. The determination of the mind, 
formed from comparing the relations of ideas, or the com- 
parison of facts and arguments. — 4. In law, the sentence 
or doom pronounced in any cause, civil or criminal, by 
the judge or court by v/hich it is tried. 5. The right or 
power of passing sentence. 6. Determination ; decision. 
7. Opinion; notion. — 8. In Scn^Jzire, the spirit of wisdom 
and prudence, enabling a person to discern right and 
wrong, good and evil. 9. A remarkable punishment ; an 
extraordinary calamity mflicted by God on sinners. 10. 
TJie spiritual government of the world. 11. The right- 
eous statutes and commandments of God are caUed his 
judgments. 12. The doctrines of the gospel, or God's 
word. 13 Justice and equity. Luke xi. Is. i. 14. The 
decrees and purposes of God concerning nations. Rovi. xi. 
15. A court or tribunal. Matt. v. 16. Controversies, or 
decisions of controversies. 1 Cor. vi. 17. The gospel, or 
kingdom of grace. Matt. xii. 18. The final trial of the 
jiuman race, when God will decide the fate of every indi- 
vidual, and award sentence according to justice. 

JUCG'MENT-DaY, n. The last day, or day when final 
judgment will be pronounced on the subjects of God's 
moral government. 

JUDG'MENT-HALL, ti. The hall where courts are held. 

JUDG'MENT-SeAT, n. 1. The seat or bench on which 
judges sit in court. 2. A court ; a tribunal. 

JtF'DI-€A-TiVE, a. Having power to judge. Hammond. 

Jd'DI-€A-TO-RY, a. Dispensing justice. 

JU DI-CA-TO-RY, 71. [li. judicatorium.] I. A court of jus- 
tice ; a tribunal. 2. Distribution of justice. 

Ju DI-CA-TURE, n. [Fr ] 1. The power of distributing 



justice by legal trial and determination. 2. A court of 
jiBtice ; a judicatory. 

JIJ-Di"CIAL, a. 1. Pertaining to courts of justice 2 
Practiced in the distribution of justice. 3. Proceeding 
from a court of justice. 4. Issued by a court under its 
seal. 5. Inflicted, as a penalty or in judgment. 

JU-Di"CIAL-LY, adv. 1. In the forms of legal justic<^. 2. 
By way of penalty or judgment. 

JU-Dl'CIA-RY, a. [Ft. judiciaire.] 1. Passing judgment 
or sentence. 2. Pertainmg to the courts of judicature. 

JU-Di"CIA-RY, n. That branch of government which is 
concerned in the trial and determination of controversies 
between parties, and of criminal prosecutions ; the system 
of courts of justice in a government. United States. 

JU-Dl"CIOUS, a. [Ft. jiidicieux.] 1. According to sound 
judgment ; wise ; prudent ; rational ; adapted to obtain a 
good end by the best means. 2. Acting according to 
sound judgment ; possessing sound judgment ; wise ; di- 
rected by reason and wisdom. 

JU-Di'ClOUS-LY, adv. With good judgment ; with dis- 
cretion or wisdom ; skillfully. 

JU-Di"CIOUS-NESS, 71. The quality of acting or being ac- 
cording to sound judgment. 

JUG, n. [D. jugge.] A vessel, usually earthen, with a 
sweUing belly and narrow mouth, used for holding li- 
quoi"s. 

JUG, V. i. To emit or pour forth a particular sound, as 
birds. 

JUG, V. t. To call or bring together by a particular sound. 

JUG'GLE, v.i. [D. gziichelen, OT goochelcn ; It. giocolare.] 
1. To play tricks by slight of hand ; to amuse and make 
sport by tricks, which make a false show of extraordinary 
pov.'ers. 2. To practice artifice or imposture. 

JUGGLE, V. t. To deceive by trick or artifice. 

JUG'GLE, n. 1. A trick by legerdemain. 2. An impos- 
ture ; a deception. Tillotson. 

JUG'GLER, n. [Sp. juglar ; Fr. jongleur.] 1. One who 
practices or exhibits tricks by slight of hand ; one who 
makes sport by tricks of extraordinary dexterity. 2. A 
cheat ; a deceiver ; a triokish fellow. Shak. 

JUG GLING, ppr. Playing tricks by slight of hand ; de- 
ceiving. 

JUG'GLING, n. The act or practice of exhibiting tricks of 
legerdemain. 

JUG'GLING-LY, adv. In a deceptive manner. 

JU'GU-LAR, a. ['L.jugulum.] Pertaining to the neck or 
Jthroat ; as the jugular vein. 

Ju'GU-LAR, n. A large vein of the neck. 

JUICE, ^ .. - ( 71. [B.juys; Ft. jus.] The sap of vege- 

JUSE, \ ^^^^^> ( tables ; the fluid part of animal sub- 
stances. 

JuICE, V. t. To moisten. 

JuICE'LESS, (juse'les) a. Destitute of juice j dry ; with- 
out moisture. More. 

JuI'CI-NESS, (ju'se-nes) n. The state of abounding witli 
juice ; succulence in plants. 

JuI'CY, (ju'sy) a. Abounding with juice ; moist ; succu- 
lent. Bacon. 

f JUISE, 71. [L.JMS.] Judgment ; justice. Goicer, 

Js'jUBE i "• "^^^ i^ame of a plant and of its fruit. 

tJUKE, 't;. z. [Fi.jucher.] To perch. 

Ju'LEP, 71. [Ft. julep,] In pharmacy, a medicine serving 
as a vehicle to other forms of medicine. 

JtJ'LI-AN, a. Noting the old account of the year, as regu- 
lated by Julius Cesar. 

Ju'LI-AN ALPS, called, also, Carnian, between Venetia 
and Noricum. D'Anville. 

Ju'LIS, 71. A small fish with a green back. 

JtJ'LUS, 71. [Gr. jouXoff.] 1. In botany, a catkin or ament, 
a species of calyx or inflorescence. 2. A genus of multi- 
pedjnsects. 

JU-Ly', 71. The seventh month of the year, so called from 
JjlUus, the surname of Caius Cesar, who was born in this 
month. Before that time, this month was called Qidntilis, 
or the fifth month from March. 

JU-LY'-FLOW-ER, 71. The name of certain species of 
plants. 

JtJ'MART, 71. [Fr.] The offspring of a bull and a mare. 

JUM'ELE, v. t. [Chaucer, jombre.] To mix in a confused 
mass ; to put or throw together without order. 

JUM'BLE, v.i. To meet, mix or unite in a confused man- 
ner. Swift. 

JUM'BLE, 71. Confused mixture, mass or collection without 
order. Sicift. 

JUM'BLED, pp. Mixed or collected in a confused mass. 

t JUM'BLE-MENT, n. Confused mixture. 

JUM'BLER, 71. One who mixes things in confusion. 

JUM'BLING, ppr. Putting or mixing in a confused mass. 

t JU'MENT, 71. [Fr. ; IL. jumentinn.] A beast of burden. 

JUMP, v.i. 1. To leap ; to skip ; to sprmg. 2. To spring 
over any thing ; to pass to at a leap. 3. To bound ; to 
pass from object to object ; to jolt. 4. To agree ; to tally 
to coincide. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK , D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



JUS 



4716 



JUT 



JUMP, V. t. To pass by a leap j to pass over eagerly or 
hastily. 

JUMP, n. 1. The act of jumping j a leap j a spring ; a 
bound. 2. A lucky chance. Shak. 

JUMP, n. [Fr.jwpe; It. giubba.] A kind of loose or limber 
stays or waistcoat, worn by females. 

t JI'MP, adv. Exactly; nicely. Hooker. 

JU.vIP'PR, n. One who jumps. 

JUMP'ING, ppr. Leaping; springing; bounding. 

JUN€'ATE, n. [It. giuncata.] 1. A cheese-cake ; a kind 
of sweetmeat of curds and sugar. 2. Any kind of deli- 
cate food. 3. A furtive or private entertainment ; [it is 
now wiitten junket.] 

JUNCOUS, a. [L.Junceus, oi juncosiis.] Full of bulrushes. 

JUN€'TION, n. [Fr.; Ij. junctio.] 1. Tlie act or operation 
of joining. 2. Union ; coalition ; combination. 3. The 
place or point of union. 

JUNeT'URE, n. [L. junctU7-a.] 1. A joining ; union; 
amity. 2. A union of two bodies ; a seam ; particularly, 
a joint or articulation. 3. The line or point at which two 
bodies are joined. 4. A point of time ; particularly, a 
point rendered critical or important by a concurrence of 
circumstances. 

JUNE, n. [L.Junius; Fr. juin.] The sixth month of the 
year, when the sun enters the sign Cancer. 

JUN'GLE, n. [Hindoo.] In Hindostan, a thick wood of 
small trees or shrubs. Asiat. Res. 

JUN'GIiY, a. Consisting of jungles ; abounding with jun- 
gles. Asiat. Res. 

* Ju'NI-OR, a. [L.] Younger ; not as old as another. 

* JtJ'NI-OR, n. A person younger than another- 
JU-NI-OR'I-TY, n. The state of being junior. Bullokar. 
JtJ'NI-PER, 71, [L. juniperus.] A tree or shrub bearing ber- 
ries of a bluish color. 

JUNK, 71. [Ij.juncus.] 1. Pieces of old cable or old cordage, 
used for making points, gaskets, mats, &c., and, when 
untwisted and picked to pieces, it forms oakum for filling 
the seams of ships. 2. A small ship used in China; a 
CJiinese vessel ; [an eastern word.] 

JUNK'ET, n. [See Juncate.] 1. A sweetmeat. Shak. 2. 
A stolen entertainment. 

JUNK'ET, V. i. I. To feast in secret ; to make an enter- 
tainment by stealth. Swift. 2. To feast. 

JUN'TO, 71. [Sp. junta ; It. giunto.] A cabal ; a meeting or 
collection of men combined for secret deliberation and 
intrigue for party purposes ; a faction. 

JU'PI-TER, 71. [L.] 1. The supreme deity among the 
Greeks and Romans. 2. One of the superior planets, re- 
markable for its brightness. 

JUP-PON', 71. [Fr. juyon.] A short close coat. 

Ju'RAT, 7?. [Fr.J Iu\K7io-Za7id, a magistrate in some corpo- 
rations ; an alderman, or an assistant to a bailiff. 

JtJ'RA-TO-RY, a. [Fr.juratoire.] Comprising an oath. 

JU-RID'I-€AL, a. [L. juridicus.] 1. Acting in the distribu- 
tion of justice ; pertaining to a judge. 2. Used in courts 
of law or tribunals of justice. 

JU-RID'I-€AL-Li^, adv. According to forms of law, or pro- 
ceedings in tribunals of justice ; with legal authority. 

JU-RIS-CON'SULT, n. L. juris consultus.] Among the 
Romans, a man learned in the law ; a counselor at law ; 
a master of Roman jurisprudence. 

JU-RIS-Die-TION, 7i. [Fr. iL-jmisdictio.] 1. The legal 
power or authorit}' of doing justice in cases of complaint ; 
the power of executing the laws and distributing justice. 
2. Power of governing or legislating. 3. The power or 
right of exercising authority. 4. The limit within which 
power may be exercised. 

JU-RIS-DI€'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to jurisdiction. 

JU-RIS-DI€'TIVE, a. Having jurisdiction. Milton. 

JU-RIS-PRU'DENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. jmispnidentia.] The 
science of law ; the knowledge of the laws, customs and 
rights of men in a state or community, necessary for the 
due administration of justice. 

JU-RIS-PRU'DENT, a. Understanding law. West. 

JU-RIS-PRU-DEN'TIAL, a. Pertaining to jurisprudence. 

Ju'RIST, n. [Fr. juriste.] 1. A man who professes the 
science of law ; one versed in the law, or, rnore particu- 
larly, in the civil law ; a civilian. 2. One versed in the 
law of nations, or who writes on the subject. 

Ju'ROR, 71. [IL. jurator.} One that serves on a jury. 

JU'RY, /I. [Fr. jure.] A number of freeholders, selected in 
the manner prescribed by law, empanneled and sworn to 
inquire into and try any matter of fact, and to declare the 
truth Oil the evidence given them in the case. 

JD'RY-MAN, n. One who is empanneled on a jury, or who 
serves as a juror. 

Ju'RY-MS-ST, 71. A mast erected in a ship to supply the 
place of one carried away in a tempest or an engage- 
men*, &c. 

JUST a. [Fr. juste; h.justv^.] 1. Regular ; orderly; due; 
suitable, 2. Exactly proportioned ; proper. 3. Full ; 
complete tr the common standard. 4. Full ; true ; a 
sense allien, to the preceding, or the same. — 5, In a moral 
senje, upright ; honest ; Tiaving principles of rectitude ; 



or conforming exactly to the laws, and to principles of 
rectitude in social conduct ; equitable in the distribution 
of justice, — 6. In an evangelical sense, righteous ; reli- 
gious; influenced by a regard to the laws of God. 7. 
Conformed to rules of justice ; doing equal justice. 8 
Conformed to truth ; exact ; proper ; accurate. 9. True ; 
founded in truth and fact. 10, Innocent ; blameless ; 
without guilt. 11. Equitable ; due ; merited, 12. True 
to promises ; faithful. 13, Impartial ; allowing what is 
due ; giving fair representation of character, merit or de- 
merit, 
JUST, adv. 1. Close or closely ; near or neaily, in place. 

2, Near or nearly, in time ; almost. 3, Exactly ; nicely ; 
accurately. 4. Merely ; barely ; exactly. 5, Nar- 
rowly, 

JUST, 71, [Fr. jouste, now joute ; Sp.justa.] A mock en- 
counter on horseback ; a combat for sport or for exercise, 
in which the combatants pushed with lances and swords, 
man to man, in mock fight ; a tilt ; one of the exercises 
at tournaments, 

JUST, v.i. [Fr. jouter; Sp.ju^star.] 1, To engage in mock 
fight on horseback, 2. To push ; to drive ; to justle, 

JUST'ICE, n. [Fr, ; Sp.justicia; It. justitia.] 1, The virtue 
which consists in giving to every one what is his due ; 
practical conformity to the laws and to principles of recti- 
tude in the dealings of men with each other ; honesty ; 
integrity in commerce or mutual intercourse. 2, Impar- 
tiality ; equal distribution of right in expressing opinions ; 
fair representation of facts respecting merit or demerit. 

3. Equity ; agreeableness to right, 4, Vindictive retribu- 
tion ; merited punishment. 5, Right ; application of 
equity, — 6, [Low !>. justiciarius.] A person commission- 
ed to hold courts, or to try and decide controversies and 
administer justice to individuals. 

JUSTICE, v.t. To administer justice. [L. u.] Bacon. 

JUST'ICE- A-BLE, a. Liable to account in a court of just- 
ice, [Little used.] Hayward. 

t JUST'JCE-MENT, n. Procedure in courts. 

JUST'I-CER, n. An administrator of justice. [Little used.] 
Bp. Hall. 

JUST'iCE-SHIP, 71, Theofficeor dignity of a justice, 

JUS-Ti"CIA-BLE, a. Proper to be examined in courts of 
justice, 

JUS-Tl"CIA-RY, or JUS-TI"CIAR, n. [L, Hsticiarius.] 
1, An administrator of justice, 2. A chief justice. 3, 
One that boasts of the justice of his own act ; [not used.] 

JUST'I-Fl-A-BLE, a. That may be proved to be just ; that 
may be vindicated on principles of law, reason, rectitude 
or propriety ; defensible ; vindicable, 

JUST'I-Fl-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being justifi- 
able ; rectitude ; possibility of being vindicated. 

JUST'I-Fl-A-BLY, adv. In a manner that admits of vindi- 
cation or justification ; rightly, 

JUST-I-FI-€a'TION, n. [Fr.] 1, The act of justifying ; a 
showing to be just or conformable to law, rectitude or 
propriety ; vindication ; defense. 2. Absolution. — 3, In 
law, the showing of a sufficient reason in court, why a 
defendant did what he is called to answer, — 4. In theol- 
ogy, remission of sin and absolution from guilt and pun- 
ishment, 

JUS-TIF'I-€A-TlVE, a. Justifymg ; that has power to 
justify. 

JUS-TI-FI-€a'TOR, n. One who justifies, [Little used.] 

JUS-TIF'I-€A-TO-RY, a. Vindicatory ; defensory, John- 

SOJl. 

JUST'I-Fl-ER, n. 1. One who justifies; one who vindi- 
cates, supports or defends. 2. He who pardons and ab 
solves from guilt and punishment. 

JUST'I-Fy, V. t. [Fr. justifier.] 1. To prove or show to be 
just, or conformable to law, right, justice, propriety or 
duty ; to defend or maintain ; to vindicate as right. — 2, 
In theology, to pardon and clear from guilt, 3, To cause 
another to appear comparatively righteous, or less guilty 
than one's self. 4, To judge rightly of. 5. To accept as 
just andtreat with favor. 

JUST'1-FY, v. i. In printing, to agree ; to suit ; to conform 
exactly ; to form an even surface or true line with some- 
thing else, 

JUS'TLE, (jus'sl) V. i. [See Jostle.] To run against ; to 
encounter ; to strike against ; to clash. 

JUS'TLE, (jus'sl) v. t. To push ; to drive ; to force by rush- 
ing against, 

JUST'LING, 71, Shock ; the act of rushing against each 
other. 

JUST'LY, adv. 1. In conformity to law, justice or propri- 
ety ; by right. 2, According to truth and facts. 3, Hon- 
estly ; fairly ; with integrity. 4, Properly ; accurately ; 
exactly. 

JUST'NESS, 71, 1. Accuracy; exactness, 2. Conformity 
to truth. 3, Justice ; reasonableness ; equity, 

JUT, v.i. [a different spelling of jet.] To shoot forward ; 
to project beyond the main body. 

JUT, n. A shooting forward ; a projection. 

JUT'TING, ppr. Shooting out ; projecting. 



* See Synopsis A, K, I, O, U, Y, long.—F\n, FALL, WHAT 5— PREY •,— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete 



KEE 



477 



KEE 



f JUT'TYjW t To jut Skak. 

JUT'TY, n. A project! m in a building ; also, a pier or mole. 

jUT'-WIN-DoW, n. A window that projects from the line 

of a building. 
Ju'VE-NiLE, a. [L. juvenilis.] 1. Young ; youthful ; as, 

juvenile years or age 2. Pertaining or suited to youth ; 

as, juvenile spopts. 
JU-VE-NIL'I-TY ju L Youthfulness ; youthful age- 2. 



Light and careless manner j the manners m customs of 

youth. 
JUX-TA-POS'I-TED, a. [L. juxta, ard posited.} Placed 

near ; adjacent or contiguous. Macquer. 
JUX-TA-PO-Si"TION- n. [L. juxta^ emd position.] Apia 

cing or being placed in nearness or contiguity j as the 

parts of a substance or of a composition. 
J^'MOLD. SeeGiMHAL. 



K 



17" the eleventh letter of the English Alphabet, is borrow- 

•■^•j ed from the Greeks, being the same character as the 
Greek kappa, answering to the oriental kaph. It repre- 
sents a close articulation, formed by pressing the root of 
the tongue against the upper part of the mouth, with a de- 
pression of the lower jaw and opening of the teeth. It is 
usually denominated a guttural, but is more properly a 
palatal. Before all the vowels it has one invariable sound, 
corresponding with that of c before a, o and u, as in keel, 
ken. K is silent before n, as in knom, knife, knee. 

As a numeral, K stands for 250 ; and, with a stroke over it, 
thus, K, for 250,000. 

KAALING, n. A bird, a species of starling. 

KAB'BOS, n. A fish of a brown color, without scales. 

KALE, n. [L. caulis.] Sea-cale, an esculent plant. 

KA-LET'DO-S€OPE, n. [Gr. KaXog, eiSos, and crKoveo).] An 
optical instrument, invented by Dr. Brewster, for the pur- 
pose of creating and exhibiting a variety of beautiful colors 
and perfectly symmetrical forms. JVew Ed. Enc. 

KAL'EN-DAR. See Calendar. 

KAL'EN-DER, n. A sort of dervise. 

Ka'LI) 71. A plant, a species of salsola, or glass-wort, the 
ashes of which are used in making glass. Hence allMli, 
which see. 

Ka'LIF. See Calif. 

KAL-LIG'RA-Pm\ See Calligraphy. 

KAL'MI-A, 71. The name of a genus of evergreen shrubs, 
natives of North America, called laurel. 

KAL'O-YER, n. A monk of the Greek church. See Calo- 

YER. 

t KAM, a. [W. cam.] Crooked. Shak. 

KAN, KAUN, or KHAN, n. In Persia, an officer answer- 
ing to a governor in Europe or America. — Among the 
Tartars, a chief or prince. See Khan. 

KAN-GA-ROO', n. A singular animal found in New Hol- 
land, resembling, in some respects, the opossum. 

Ka'O-LIN, 71. A species of earth or variety of clay. 

KAR'A-GANE, 71. A species of gray fox. Tooke. 

KARPH'0-LlTE, n. [Gr. Kap^os and Xi0of.] A mineral. 

Ka'TA, 71. In Syria, a fowl of the grous kind. 

KAW, v. i. [from the sound.] To cry as a raven, crow or 
rook. Locke. 

KAW, 71. The cry of the raven, crow or rook. Dryden. 

KAWN, n. In Turkey, a public inn. 

KaYLE, n. [Fr. quille.] 1 A nine-pin, a kettle-pin j some- 
times written keel. 2. \ kind of play, in Scotland, in 
which nine holes, rarged in threes, are made in the 
ground, and an iron ba.! rolled in among them. 

KAZ'ARD-LY, a. Unlucky ; liable to accident. JVcrth of 
Encr. 

KECK, V. i. [G. koken.] To heave the stomach ; to reach, 
as in an effort to vomit. [Little used.] Swift. 

KECK, n. A reaching or heaving of the stomach. 

KECK'ER, 71. The gullet ; a provincial term in England, 

KEC'KLE, V. t. To wind old rope round a cable to preserve 
its surface from being fretted, or to wind iron chains 
round a cable to defend it from the friction of a rocky bot- 
tom or from the ice. 

KECK'SY, (commonly pronounced kex) n. [qu. Fr. cigue.] 
H'emloc j a hollow jointed plant. Shak. 

KECK'Y, a. 1. Resembling a kex. 2. n. An Ind'an 
sceptre. 

KEDGE, n. A small anchor, used to keep a ship steady 
when riding in a harbor or river. 

KEDGE, V. t. To warp, as a ship ; to move by means of a 
kedge, as in a river. 

KEDGE, or KEDG'Y, a. Brisk; lively. Ray. Suffolk in 
England. 

KEDG'ER, n. [from kedge.] I. A smaU anchor used in a 
river. 2. A fish-man. Grose. 

KED'LACK, n. A weed that grows among wheat and rye : 
charlock. Tusser. 

KEE,n.iplu.otCovT. [Local in England.] Oay. 

t KEECH, n. A mass or lump. Percy. 

KEEK, -u. i. To peep ; to look pryingly. Brockett. 

KEEL, n. [Sax. cwle ; G. and D. kiel.] 1. The principal 
timber in a ship, extending from stem to stem at the bot- 



tom, and supporting the whole frame. 2. A low, flat-bot- 
tomed vessel, used in the river Tyne, to convey coals 
from Newcastle fur loading the colliers.— 3 In botany^ 
the lower petal of a papilionaceous corol, inclosing the sta- 
mens and pistil. — On an even keel, in a level or horizontal 
position. 

fKEEL, t;. i. [Sax. ccelan.] To cool. Oower. 

KEEL, V. t. 1. To plough with a keel ; to navigate. J. 
Barlow. 2. To turn up the keel ; to show the bottom 
Shale— To keel the pot, in Ireland, to scum it. Shak. 

KEEL' AGE, n. Duty paid for a ship entering at Hartle- 
pool, Eng. 

KEELED, a. In botany, carinated ; having a longitudinal 
prominence on the back. Martyn. 

KEEL'ER, or KEEL'MAN, n. One who works in the 
management of barges or vessels : the old word is heeler , 
the modern, keelman. — Keeler. a shallow tub. Ray. 

t KEEL'FAT, n. [Sax. ccelan, and fat.] A cooler ; a vessel 
in which liquor is set for cooling. 

KEEL'HAUL, v. t. [D. kielhaalen.] To haul under th« 
keel of a ship. Keelhauling is a punishment inflicted in 
the Dutch navy for certain offenses. 

KEEL'ING, 71. A kind of small cod, of which stock fish i» 
made. 

*KEEL'SON, (kel'sun) n. A piece of timber in a ship, lai»' 
on the middle of tlie floor-timbers over the keel, fastened* 
with long bolts and clinched. 

KEEN, a. [Sax. cene ; D. koen.] 1. Eager ; vehement 

2. Eager ; sharp. 3. Sharp ; having a very fine edge 
4. Piercing; penetrating; severe; applied to cold or t 
wind. 5. Bitter ; piercing ; acrimonious. 

KEEN, r. t. To sharpen. [Unusual.] Thomson, 

KEEN'LY, adv. 1. Eagerly; vehemently. 2. Sharply 
S3verely ; bitterly. 

KEEN'NESS, n. 1. Eagerness; vehemence. 2. Sharp 
ness ; fineness of edge. 3. The quality of piercing ; rigor 
sharpness. 4. Asperity ; acrimony ; bitterness. 5. Acute 
ness; sharpness. 

KEEP, V. t. ; pret. and pp. kept. [Sax. cepan.] 1. To hold 
to retain in one's power or possession ; not to lose or part 
with. 2. To have in custody for security or preservation 

3. To preserve ; to retain. 4. To preserve from falling 
or from danger ; to protect ; to guard or sustain. 5. Tc 
hold or restrain from departure ; to detain. 6. To tend 
to have the care of. 7. To tend ; to feed ; to pasture. 8 
To preserve in any tenor or state. 9. To regard ; to at 
tend to. 10. To hold in any state. 11. To continue any 
state, course or action. 12. To practice ; to do or per 
form ; to obey ; to observe in practice ; not to neglect o. 
violate. 13. To fulfill ; to perforrh. 14. To practice ; to 
use habitually. 15. To copy carefullj'. 16. To observe 
or solemnize. 17. To board ; to maintain ; to supply' 
with necessaries of life. 18. To have in the house; to 
entertain. 19. To maintain ; not to intermit. 20. To 
hold in one's own bosom ; to confire to one's own knowl- 
edge; not to disclose or communicate to others; not to 
betray. 21. To have in pay. 

To keep back. 1. To reserve ; to withhold; not to disclose 
or communicate. 2. To restrain ; to prevent from advan- 
cing. 3. To reserve; to withhold; not to deliver. — To 
keep company with. 1. To frequent the society of; to as- 
sociate with. 2. To accompany; to go with— ro keep 
doicTi, to prevent from rising; not to lift or suffer to be 
raised. — To keep in. 1, To prevent from escape ; to hold 
in confinement. 2. To conceal ; not to tell or disclose 
3. To restrain ; to curb. — To keep off, to hinder from ap 
proach or attack. — To keep under, to restrain ; to hold in 
subjection. — To keep up. 1. To maintain; to prevent 
from falling or diminution. 2. To maintain ; to continue ; 
to hinder from ceasing. — To keep out, to hinder from en- 
tering or taking possession. — To keep bed, to remain in 
bed without rising ; to be confined to one's bed — To keep 
house, 1. To maintain a family state. 2. To remain in 
the house ; to be confined. — To keep from, to restrain ; to 
prevent approach. — To keep a school, to maintain or sup- 
port it ; TnoT-e properly, to govern and instruct or teach a 
school , as a preceptor. 

KEEP, V. i. 1. To remain in any state. 2. To last ; to en- 



• See Syn^vsL^ M<5VE BO^K D6YE ;— BiJLL UNITE.-C as K } G as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



KER 



478 



KIC 




dure ; not to perish or be impaired. 3. To lodge ; to 
dwell J to resiie for a time. — To keep to, to adhere strict- 
ly ; not to negl&^t or deviate from.— To keep on, to go for- 
ward ; to proceed; to continue to advance. — To keep up, 
to remain unsubdued ; or not to be confined to one's bed. 
— In popular language, this word signifies to continue ; 
to repeat continually ; not to cease. 

KEEP, n. 1. Custody ; guard ; [little -used.'] 2. Colloqui- 
ally, case; condition. 3. Guardianship ; restraint : [little 
used.^ 4. A place of confinement; in old castles, the 
dnngeon. 

KEEFER, 71. 1. One who keeps ; one that holds or has 
posse^on of any thing. 2. One who retains in custody ; 
has the care of a prison and the custody of pris- 
One who has the care of a park or other indo- 
le custody of beasts. 4. One who has the care, 

superintendence of any thing. 
(HIP, 7i. The office of a keeper. [L.u.'\ Carew. 
^ppr. Holding; restraining; preserving: guard- 
ing : pt^ifecting ; performing. 

KEEP'UvTg, n. 1. A holding; restraint; custody; guard; 
preservation. 2. Feed ; fodder. — 3. In painting, a repre- 
sentation of objects in the manner they ap,>ear to the eye 
at different distances from it, hence just proportion. 

KEEP'ING-ROOM, n. A parlor; a provincial term of J^ew 
England.' Pick. Vocah. 

KEEP'SAEIE, n. Any thing kept or given to be kept for 
the sake of the giver ; a token of friendship. 

KEEVE, n. 1; A large vessel to ferment liquors in. Grose. 
2. A large tub or vessel used in brewing ; a mashing-tub. 

KEEVE, V. t. 1. To put the wort in a keeve for some time 
to ferment. 2. To overturn or lift up a cart, so as to un- 
load it all at once. Ray. 

KEFFE'KILL, n. A stone, white or yellow, which hardens 
in the fire, and of which Turkey pipes are made. 

KEG, 71. [Fr. cfflgue.] A small cask or barrel ; written more 
correctly cag. 

KELK, 71. 1. A blow. 2. Large detached stones. Craven 
dialect. 

KELK, V. t. To beat heartily. Brockett. 

iiELL, n. A sort of pottage. Ainsworth. 

ICELL, 77. 1. The caul or omentum. [See Caul.] 2. The 
chrysalis of the caterpillar. B. Jonson. 

KELP, 71. [Ar. and Pers.J The calcined ashes of sea-weed, 
used in the manufacture of glass. 

KELP'Y, 71. An imaginary spirit of the waters, in the form 
of a horse. [Local and vulgar."] 

KEL'SON. See Keelson. 

KELT'ER, n. [Dan. kilter.] The phrase he is not in kelter 
signifies, he is not in a proper dress or equipage, or nrt in 
readiness. 

t KEMB, V. t, [Sax. cemban.] To comb, which see. 

t KEM'E-LIN, 71. A tub ; a brewer's vessel. Chaucer. 

KEN, V. t. [VV. ceniaw ; G. kennen ; D. kennen ; Sax. con- 
nan, cunnan ; Goth, kunnan.] 1. To see at a distance; 
to descry. 2. To know ; to understand ; [obs.] Sliak. 

KEN, V. i. To look round. Burton. 

KEN, 71. View; reach of sight. Dryden. 

KEN'DAL-GREEN, n. A species of green cloth ; made at 
Kendal, SJiak. 

KEN'MARKED, or KEN'SPECKED, part. a. Marked or 
branded so as to be known ; blemished. Grose. JYorth of 
Eng. 

KEN'NEL, 77. [Fr. chenil ,• It. canile.] 1. A house or cot 
for dogs, or for a pack of hounds. 2. A pack of hounds 
or their cry. 3. The hole of a fox or other beast ; a haunt. 

KEN'NEL, 71. [It. canale ; Fr. canal.] 1. The water- 
course of a street ; a little canal or channel. 2. A puddle. 

KEN'NEL, V. i. To lodge ; to lie ; to dwell ; as a dog or a 
fox. 

KEN'NEL, V. t. To keep or confine in a kennel. Tatler. 

KEN'NEL €oAL. See Cannel Coal. 

KEN'NING, 71. View ; sight. Bacon. 

KEN'TLE, 77. [W. cant ; L. centum.] In commerce, a hun- 
dred pounds m weight. [It is written and pronounced, 
also, quintal.] 

KENT'LEDGE, 71. In seamen^s language, pigs of iron for 
ballast, laid on the floor of a ship. Mar. Diet. 

KEP, V. t. To catch. Grose. 

KEPT, pret. and pp. of keep. 

KERB'-STONE, KiRB'-STONE. See Curb-stone. 

KER'CHlEF, 71. [contracted from cover-chief; Fr. couvrir 
and chef . Chaucer.] 1. A head-dress; a cloth to cover 
the head. 2. A cloth used in dress. 

KER'CHIEFT^' | '^- Pressed; hooded; covered. Milton. 

KERF, n. [Sax.C7/r/,- D. kerf.] The cut of an axe, a saw, or 
other instrument ; the notch or slit made in wood by cut- 
ting. 

KERM'ES, n. In zoology, an insect produced in the excres- 
cences of a species of small oak, or the body of an insect 
transformed into a grain, berry, or husk. This body is 
full of reddish juice, which is used in dyhig red. 

KERM'ES-MIN'ER-AL, 7i. A mineral substance. 



KERN, n. 1. An Irish footman or foot-soldier. Spenser. 2. 
In English laws, an idle person or vagabond. Encyc. 

KERN, 77. I. A hand-mill consisting of two stones, one of 
which is turned by the hand; usually written quern, 
which see. 2. A churn ; [obs.] 

KERN, V. i. [G. and D. kern.] I. To harden, as corn in 
ripening^ 2. To take the form of corns ; to granulate. 

KERN'-Ba-BY, 77. [corn-baby.] An image dressed with 
corn, and carried before reapers to their harvest-home. 

KERN'EL, n. [Sax. C7jrnel ; G. and D. kern.] 1. The edi- 
ble substance contained in the shell of a nut. 2. Any 
thing included in a shell, husk or integument; a grain or 
corn. 3. The seed of pulpy fruit. 4. The central part 
of any thing; a small mass around which other matter is 
concreted ; a nucleus. 5. A hard concretion in the flesh. 

KERN'EL, V. i. To harden or ripen into kernels, as the 
seeds of plants. 

KERA^'EL-LY, a. Full of kernels; resembling kernels. 

KERN'EL-VVoRT, 7i. An herb. Ainsworth. 

KEPt'SEY, 77. [D. keriaai.] A species of coarse woolen 
cloth. 

tKERVE, V. t. To carve. 

t KERV'ER, 71. A carver. 

JKE'SAR, 7(. [from Cesar.] An emperor. Spenser. 

KES'LOP, n. The stomach of a calf prepared for rennet, 
the substance used in curdling milk. Grose. 

fKEST. The preter tense of ca*-:. Spenser. 

KES'TREL, 77. A fowl of the genus falco, or hawk kind. 

tKES'TREL, a. Like a kestrel ; base. 

KET, n. Carrion ; any sort of filth. Brockett. 

KETCH, 77. [Fr. qaaiche ; G. and D. kits.] A vessel with 
two masts, a main and mizzen-mast. 

KETCH'UP, 77. A sauce. See Catchup. 

KET'TLE, 77. [Sax. cetl, cetel, or cytel ; D. Jcetel.] A vessel 
of uon or other metal, with a wide mouth, usually with- 
out a cover, used for heating and bnUing water or other 
liquor. 

KET'TLE-DRUM, n. An instrument of martial music. 

KET'TLE-DRUJM'MER, 77. The man who beats the kettle- 
drum. 

KET TLE-PINS, n. Nine-pins ; skittles. 

KET'TY, a. Filthy ; dirty ; worthless, Grose. 

KEV'EL, 7!. In ships, a piece of timber serving to belay the 
sheets or great ropes by which the bottoms of the foresail 
and mainsail are extended. 

KEX, 77. Hemloc; the stem of the teasel ; a dry stalk. Sec 
Kecksy. 

Key, (ke) n. [Sax. cwg.] 1. In a general sense, a fastener ; 
that which fastens. 2. An instrument for shutting or 
opening a lock. 3. An instrument ly which something 
is screwed or turned, 4. The stone which binds an arch. 
[See Keystone.] 5. In an organ or harpsichord, the key, 
or finger key, is a little lever or piece in the fore part, by 
which the instrument is played on by the fingers, — 6, In 
imisic, the key, or key note, is the fundamental note or 
tone, to which the whole piece is accommodated, 7. An 
index, or that which serves to explain a cipher, 8. That 
which serves to explain any thing difficult to be under- 
stood. — 9. In the Romish church, ecclesiastical jurisdic- 
tion, or the power of the pope. 10. A ledge or lay of 
rocks near tlie surface of the water. 11. The husk con- 
taining the seed of an ash. 

Key, (kg) n. [Ir. ceigh ; G. kai ; Fr. quai.] A bank or 
wharf buiit on the side of a river or harbor, for the con- 
venience of loading and unloading ships, and securing 
tliem in their stations. It is sometimes written quay. 

KeY'A6E, n. Money paid for the use of a key or quay. 

jKeY'-CoLD, a. Lifeless. 

t KeY'-CoLD-NESS, 77. Want of animation or activity. 

KeY'ED, a. I. Furnished with keys. 2. Set to a key, as 
a tune. 

KeY'HOLE, 72. A hole or aperture in a door or lock, for re- 
ceiving a key. 

KeYiSTONE, 77. The stone on the top or middle of an arch 
or vault, which, being wider at the top than at the bot- 
tom, enters like a wedge and binds the work ; properly, 
the fastening- stone. 

KHAN, (kawn) 77. 1. In Asia, a governor; a king; a 
prince ; a chief. 2. An inn. 

KHAN' ATE, (kawn'ate) n. The dominion or jurisdiction 
of a khan. Tooke. 

KIBE, 77. A chap or crack in the flesh occasioned by cold ; 
an ulcerated chilblain ; as in the heels. 

KiBED, a. Chapped ; cracked with cold ; affected with 
chilblains. Darizin. 

Ki'BY, a. Affected with kibes. 

KICK, V. t. [W. ciciaw.] To strike with the foot 

KICK, V. i. I. To practice striking with the foot or feet. 
2. To thrust out the foot or feet with violence, either in 
wantonness, resistance, anger or contempt ; to manifest 
opposition. 

KICK, 77. A blow with the foot or feet ; a striking or thrust 
of the foot. 

KICKED, (kikt) pp. Struck with the foot or teet. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I^ 5, V, ^, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



KIN 



479 



KIN 



KieK'BR, n. One that kicks. 

K1€K'ING, ppr. Striking with the foot ; thrusting out the 
foot with violence. 

KieK'ING, 71. The act of striking with the foot, or of yerk- 
ing the foot with violence. 

KI€K'SEY-WieK'SEy, n. [from kick and wince.] A made 
word in ridicule and disdain of a wife. 

KI€K'SHAW, n. [corrupted from Fr. quelque chose.] 1. 
Something fantastical or uncommon, or something that 
has no particular name. 2. A dish so changed bv cook- 
ing that it can scarcely be known. 

t KI€K'SH5E, n. A dancer, in contempt ; a caperer ; a buf- 
foon. 

KID, n. [Dan. kid ; Sw. kid, kidlim.] 1. A young goat. 
2. A fagot ; a bundle of heath and furze. 

KID, V. t. or i. 1. To bring forth a young goat. 2. To 
make into a bundle, as fagots. 

f KID, V. t. [Sax. cythan.] To show, discover or make 
known. Qower. 

KID'DED, a. Fallen as a young kid, Cotgrave. 

KID'DER, 71. [Sw. kyta.] An engrosser of corn, or one who 
carries corn, provisions and merchandise about the coun- 
try for sale. 

KID'DLE, 71. A kind of wear in a river for catching fish ; 
corruptly pronounced kittle. Mag. Charta. 

KID'DoW, n. A web-footed fowl, called also guillemot, 
sea-hen, or skout. Chambers. 

KID'LING, n. [Sw.] A young kid. Browne. 

KID'NAP, V. t. [G. kinderdieb.] To steal a human being, 
man, woman or child ; or to seize and forcibly carry 
away any person whatever from his own country or state 
into another. 

KID'NAPPED, pp. Stolen or forcibly carried away, as a 
human being. 

KID'NAP-PER, 71. One who steals or forcibly carries away 
a human being ; a man-stealer. 

KID'NAP-PING, ppr. Stealing or forcibly carrying away 
human beings. 

KID'NAP-PING, n. The act of stealing, or forcible ab- 
duction of a human being from his own country or state. 

KID'NEY, n. I. The kidneys are two oblong flattened 
bodies, extending from the eleventh and twelfth ribs to 
the fourth lumbar vertebra, behind the intestines. 2. 
Sort ; kind ; [a ludicrous use of the word.] 3. A cant 
term for a waiting servant. 

KID'NEY-BeAN, 71. A sort of bean. 

KID'NEY-FORM, ) a. Having the form or shape of a 

KID'NEY-SHaPED, \ kidney. Eirwan. 

KID'NEY-VETCH, n. A plant of the genus anthvllis. 

KID'NEY-WoRT, 71. A plant of the geius saxifraga. 

t KIE, n. Kine. See also Kee and Ky. 

KIF-FE'KILL, or KEF-FE'KILL, n. A mineral, the 
meerschaum, which see. See, also, Keffekill. 

KIL, n. A Dutch word, signifying a channel or bed of a 
river, ahd, hence, a stream, 

KILDER-KIN, n. [qu. D. kinderkin.] A small barrel. 

KILL, v.t. [Sax. cwellan.] 1. To deprive of life, animal 
or vegetable, in any manner or by any means. 2. To 
butcher J to slaughter for food. 3. To quell 3 to appease 3 
to calm 5 to still. 

KIL'LAS, n. An argillaceous stone. 

KILL'DEE, n, A small bird in America, so called from its 
voice or note ; a species of plover. 

KILLED, pp. Deprived of life 5 quelled 5 calmed. 

KILL'ER, n. One who deprives of life 3 he or that which 
kills. 

KILL'ING, ppr. Depriving of life ; quelling. 

KIL'LI-NITE, 71. A mineral. Taylor. 

KIL'LoW, n. An earth of a blackish color. 

KILN, (kil) n. [Sax. cyln.] 1. A large stove or oven ; a 
fabric of brick or stone which may be heated for the 
purpose of hardening, burning or drying any thing. 
2. A pile of brick constructed for burning or harden- 
ing. 

KILN'-DRlED, pp. Dried in a kiln. 

KtLN'-DRY, (kil-dri) v. t. To dry in a kiln. 

KlLN'-DRf-ING, ppr. Drying in a kiln. 

KIL'0-GRAM, n. [Fr, kilogramme.] In the new system of 
French weights and measures, a thousand grams. 

KIL'0-LIT-ER, n. [Fr. kilolitre.] In the new French meas- 
ures, a thousand liters. 

KI-LOM'E-TRE, 71. [Fr. kilometre.] In the French system 
of measures, a thousand metres. 

KILT, 71. A kind of short petticoat worn by the highlanders 
of Scotland, 

t KILT, pp. Killed. 

KILT, V. t. To tuck up 3 to truss up the clothes. Brockett. 

KTM'BO, ) a. [Celtic, cam.] Crooked 3 arched 5 bent 

KIM'BoW, \ To set the arms a kimbo, is to set the hands 
on the hips, with the elbows projecting outward. 

KIN, V. [Sax. cyn, cynn, or cind ; Ir. cine ; G. kind ; D. kind.] 
1. Relation, properly by consanguinity or blood, 2. Rela- 
tives 3 kindred ; persons of the same race. 3. A relation ; 
a relative-. 4. The same generical class 5 a thing related. 



5, As a termination, khi is used as a diminutive, denoting 

small, from the sense of child ; as in manikin, 
KIN, a. Of the same nature 5 kindred 3 congenial. 
KIN' ATE, 71. A salt formed by the union of kinic acid with 

a base. Ure. 
*KINDj n. [Sax. cyn, or cynn. See Kin.] I. Race 5 genus 3 

generic class. 2. Sort, in a sense more loose than genus. 

3. Particular nature, 4, Natural state 3 produce or com- 
modity, as distinguished from money. 5. Nature 3 natu- 
ral propensity or determination. 6. Manner 3 way. 7. 
Sort 3 as, he spoke with a kind of scorn or contempt. 

*KlND, a. rw. and Arm, cun.] 1. Disposed to do good to 
others, and to make them happy by granting their re 
quests, supplying their wants or assisting them in dis 
tress 3 having tenderness or goodness of natm-e 3 beiievo 
lent 3 benignant. 2. Proceeding from tenderness or good 
ness of heart 3 benevolent. 

fKIND'ED, a. Begotten. [See Kin.] Spenser-. . 

KiND-HEART'ED, a. [kind and heart.] Having great be- 
nevolence. 

KIN'DLE, V. t. [W. cynneu.] 1, To set on fire 5 to cause 
to burn with flame 3 to light. 2. To inflame, as the pas- 
sions 3 to exasperate 5 to rouse 5 to provoke 3 to excite to 
action 3 to heat 3 to fire 3 to animate. 3. [Sax. ce7ma7i.] 
To bring forth 3 [obs.] 

KIN'DLE, V. i. 1. To take fire 3 to begin to burn with 
flame, 2. To begin to rage, or be violently excited 3 to be 
roused or exasperated. 

KIN'DLED, pp. Set on fire 3 inflamed ; excited into action. 

KIN'DLER, n. He or that which kindles or sets on fire. 

KiND'LESS, a. Destitute of kindness 3 unnatural. 

KiND'LI-NESS, n. 1, Aff^ection 3 affectionate disposition 3 
benignity. 2. Natural disposition, Milton. 

KIN'DLING, ppr. Setting on fire 3 causing to burn with 
flame 3 exciting into action, 

KiND'LY, a. 1. Homogeneal 3 congenial 5 kindred 3 of the 
same nature, 2, Mild 3 bland 3 softening. 

KiND'LY, adv. With good-will 3 with a disposition to make 
others happy, or to oblige 5 benevolently 5 favorable. 

KiND'NESS, n. 1, Good-will ; benevolence 3 that temper or 
disposition which delights in contributing to the happi- 
ness of others 3 benignity of nature, 2, Act of good-will 
beneficence 3 any act of benevolence which promotes the 
happiness or welfare of others. 

KIN'DRED, n. [from kin, kind ; Sax. cijni-en.] 1. Relation 
by birth 3 consanguinity, 2, Relation by marriage 3 affin- 
ity. 3. Relatives by blood or marriage, more properly the 
former. 4. Relation 3 suit 3 connection in kind. 

KIN'DRED, a. Related 3 congenial 3 of the like nature or 
properties, Dryden. 

KINE, plu. of Co-w 5 D, koeyen. But cows, the regular plu- 
ral, is now in general use. 

KING, 7(. [Sax. cyng, cynig, or cyning ; G. k'dnig ; D, hon- 
ing ; Bw. konung, kung ; Dan. /.:o7!o-e,] I. The chief or 
sovereign of a nation 3 a man invested with supreme au- 
thority over a nation, tribe or country 3 a monarch. 2, A 
sovereign 3 a prince 5 a ruler, 3, A card having the pic- 
ture of a king, 4, The chief piece in the game of chess. 
— King at arms, an officer in England of great antiquity, 
and formerly of great authority, whose business is to di- 
rect the heralds, preside at their chapters, and have the 
jurisdiction of armory. There are three kings at arms, 
viz. garter, clarencieux, and norroy. 

KING, V. t. In ludicrous language, to supply with a king, 
or to make royal 3 to raise to royalty. Shak. 

KING'AP-PLE,7i. A kind of apple, so called. 

KING'S-BENCH, n. A high court or tribunal in Eng- 
land. 

KING'BtRD, 71. A fowl of the genus paradwcffl. 

KING'€RAFT,7i, The craft of kings 5 the art of governing ; 
usualhi in a had sense. King .Tames. 

KING'eUP, n. A flower, crowfoot, Oay. 

KING'S-E-VIL, 71, A disease of the scrofulous kind 

KING'FISH-ER, ?!. A fowl of the genus alcedo. 

KING'S-SPeAR, n. A plant of the genus asphodehis. 

KING'STONE, 7(. A fish, Ainsworth. 

KING'DoM, n. [king ^nA dom.] I. The territory or coun- 
try subject to a king 3 an undivided territory under the 
dominion of a king or monarch. 2. The inhabitants or 
population subject to a king. — 3, In natural history, a di- 
vision 3 as the animal, vegetable and mineral kingdoms. 

4. A region 5 a tract 5 the place where any thing prevails 
and holds sway, — 5. In Scripture, the government or uni- 
versal dominion of God. 6. The power of supreme ad- 
ministration, 7, A princely nation or state, 8, Heaven 
Matt. xxvi. 9, State of glory in heaven. Matt. v. 10 
The reign of the Messiah, Matt. iii. II. Government . 
rule 3 supreme administration. 

KING'DoMED, a. Proun of royalty. Shak. 

fKING'HOGD, n. State of being a king. Gower. 

KING'LESS, a. Having no king, Byron. 

KING'LIKE, a. Like a king. 

KING'LING, n. A little king, 

KING'LY, a. I. Belonging to a king 3 suitable to a kirg 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, D6VE ;— Bl^LL, UNITE.— € as K j 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



KNA 



480 



KNI 



SfttfA. 2. Royal ; sovereign ; monarchical. 3. Noble ; au- 
gust ; splendid ; becoming a king. 

KING'LY, adv. With an air of royalty ; with a superior dig- 
nity. 

KIInGSHIP, n. Royalty , the state, office or dignity of a 
king. King Charles. 

KlN'ie, a. Pertaining to cinchona. Ure. 

KINK, n. [Sw. kink ; D. kink.] The twist of a rope or 
threa4, occasioned by a spontaneous winding of the rope 
or tnread when doubled. 

KINK , V. i. To wind into a kink ; to twist spontaneously. 

KINK V, i. 1 o labor for breath, as in the hooping cough. 
Ray. 

KINK, n. A fit of coughing, or a convulsive fit of laughter. 

j-KINK'HAaST, 71. The chincough. 

Kl'NO, 71. "An astringent resin. Hooper. 

t KINS'FoLK, (kinz'foke) n. [kin and folk.] Relations ; 
Kindred ; persons of the same family. 

KTNS'MAN, 71. [kin and man.] A man of the same race or 
family ; one related by blood. Dnjden. 

KINS'WOM-AN, 71, A female relation. Dennis. 

KIP'PER,' n. A term applied to salmon, when unfit to be 
taken, and to the time when they are so considered. 
England. 

KiRK, 71. [Sax. cyrc, or ciric] In Scotland^ a church. This 
is the same word as church, difierently written and pro- 
nounced. See Church. 

<:iRK'MAN, n. One of the church of Scotland. 

KiR'l'LE, 71. [Sax. cyHeL] 1 . An upper garment ; a gown ; 
a petticoat ; a short jacket ; a mantle. 2. A quantity of 
flax, about a hundred pounds. 

«iR'TLED, a. Wearing a kirtle. 

KISS, V. t. [Sax. cyssan ; G. kussen.] 1. To salute with 
th-' lips. 2. To treat with fondness j to caress. 3. To 
touch gently. 

KISS, n. A salute given with the lips ; a common token of 
affection. 

KISSED, pp. Saluted with a kiss. 

KISS'ER, 71. One that kisses. 

KISS'ING, ppr. Saluting with the lips. 

KjSS'ING-€6M-FIT, n. Perfumed sugarplums to sweeten 
the breath. Shak. 

iiISS'ING-€RUST, n. In cookery, the crust of a loaf that 
toucnes another. 

/ KIST, n. A chest. 

KIT, n. [D. kit.] 1. A large bottle. 2. A small fiddle. 3. 
A kind offish-tub. and a milk-pail. 

KIT'-€AT, n. A term applied to a club in London, to which 
Addison and Steele belonged ; so called from Christopher 
Cat, a pastry cook, who served the club with mutton pies ; 
applied also to a portrait three fourths less than a half 
length, placed in the club-room. Todd. 

KITCH'EN, n. [Sax. cycene ; G. kiiche.] 1. A cook-room; 
the room of a house appropriated to cookery. — 2. In ships, 
the galley or caboose. 3. A utensil for roasting meat. 

KITCH'EN, V. t. To use thriftily. Qrose. 

KITCH'EN-GAR'DEN, n. A garden or piece of ground ap- 
propriated to the raising of vegetables for the table. 

KITCH'EN-MAID, n. A female servant whose business is 
to do the work of a kitchen. 

KITCH'EN-STUFF, n. Fat collected from pots and drip- 
ping pans. Donne. 

(CITCH'EN-WENCH, n. The woman who cleans the 
kitchen and utensils of cookery. 

i£ITCH'EN-W6RK, n. Work done in the kitchen, as cook- 
ery, washing, &c. 

j<CITE, 71. [Sax. cyta.] 1. A rapacious fowl of the genus 
falco, or hawk. 2. A name of reproach, denoting rapaci- 
ty. 3. A light frame of wood and paper constructed for 
flying In the air for the amusement of boys. 

KITE, 71. In the north of England, the belly. 

KiTE'FOOT, 71. A sort of tobacco, so called. 

KiTES'FOOT, 71. A plant. Ainsworth. 

f KITH, 71. '[Sax. cyththe.] Acquaintance. Oower. 

KITLING, 71. [1.. catulus.] A whelp j the young of a 
beast. B. Jonson. 

KIT'TEN, (kit'n) n. [D. katje.] A young cat, or the young 
of the cat. 

KIT'TEN, (kit'n) v. i. To bring forth young, as a cat. 

KIT'TI-WAKE, 71. A fowl of the gull kind. 

t KIT'TLE, V. t. [Sax. citelan.] To tickle. Sherwood. 

KIT'TLISH, a. Ticklish. Grose. 

KIVE, 71. The tub-hole is a hollow place in the ground over 
which the kive {mashing fat) stands. Petty. 

KIV'ER, V. t. To cover. Huloet. 

KLICK, t>. t. [a different orthography or diminutive of 
clack.] 1. To make a small, sharp sound by striking two 
things together. — 2. In Scotland, to pilfer, by taking with 
a snatch. 

KLI€K, 71. A stroke or blow. [A word in vulgar use.] 

KNAB, (nab) v. t. [D. knappen.] To bite ; to gnaw ; to nib- 
ble. 

fKNAB'BLE, 7). i. To bite or nibble. Brown. 

KNACK, (nak) n. 1. A little machine ; a petty contrivance ; 



a toy. 9. A readiness ; habitual facility of perfonnance ; 

dexterity ; adroitness. 3. A nice trick. 
KNA€K, (nak) v. i. [G. knacken.] To crack ; to make a 

sharp, abrupt noise. [Little used.] 
KNA€K'ER, (nak'er) 7i. 1. A maker of knacks, toys or 

small work. 2. A rope-maker, or collar-maker : [obs.] . 
KNA€K'ISH, a. Trickish ; knavishly artful. More. 
KNA€K'ISH-NESS, n. Artifice ; trickery. More. 
KNA€K'Y, a. Handy ; having a knack 'j cunning ; crafty 

Provincial in England. 
KNAG, (nag) n. [Dan. knag.] 1. A knot in wood, or a 

protuberant knot ; a wart. 2. A peg for hanging things 

on. 3. The shoot of a deer's horns. 
KNAG'GY, (nag'gy) a. Knotty ; full of knots ; rough with 

knots 3 hence, rough in temper. 
KNAP, (nap) n. [Sax. cncsp.] A protuberance ; a swelling, 

[Little used. See Knob.] Bacon. 
KNAP, (nap) v. t. [D. knappen. See Knab.] 1. To bite ; 

to bite off; to break short; [little used.] 2. To strike 

with a sharp noise ; [little u^ed.] 
KNAP, (nap) v. i. To make a short, sharp sound. 
KNAP'BOT-TLE, (nap'bot-tl) n. A plant. 
KNAP'PISH, (nap'pish) a. Snappish. See Snap. 
KNAP'PLE, (nap'pl) v. i. To break off" with an abrupt, 

sharp noise. 
KNAP'PY, a. Full of knaps or hillocs. Huloet. 
KNAP'S ACK, (nap'sak) n. [G. knappsack.] A soldier's 

bag, carried on his back, and containing necessaries of 

food and clothing. 
KNAP'WEED, ^nap'weed) n. A plant of the genus centau- 

rea, so called, probably, from knap, a button. 
KNAR, (nar) n. [G. knor.] A knot in wood. 
KNARLED, a. Knotted. See Gnarled. 
KNAR'RY, a. Knotty. Chaucer. 
KNaVE, (nave) n. [Sax. cnapa ; G. knabc.] I. A boy ; a 

man-child ; [obs.] 2. A servant ; [obs.] 3. A false, de- 
ceitful fellow ; a dishonest man or boy. 4. A card with 

a soldier painted on it. 
KNaV'ER-Y, (na'ver-y) ti. 1. Dishonesty ; deception in 

trafiick ; trick ; petty villainy ; fraud. 2. Mischievous 

tricks or practices. 
KNaV'ISH, (na'vish) a. 1. Dishonest ; fraudulent. 2. Wag- 
gish ; mischievous. 
KNaV'ISH-LY, (na'vish-ly) adv. 1. Dishonestly ; fraudu- 
lently. 2. Waggishly ; mischievously. 
KNaV'ISH-NESS, (na'vish-nes) n. The quality or habit of 

knavery ; dishonesty. 
KNAW'EL, (nawel) n. A species of plant. 
KNeAD, (need) v. t. [Sax. cncedan.] To work and press 

ingredients into a mass, usually with the hands ; particu 

larly, to work into a well-mixed mass the materials of 

bread, cake or paste. 
KNeAD'ED, pp. Worked and pressed together. 
KNeAD'ER, 71. A baker. Huloet. 
KNkABiING, ppr. Working and mixing into a well-mixed 

mass. 
KNeAD'ING-TROUGH, (need'ing-trawf) ti. A trough or 

tray in which dough is worked and mixed. 
KNEB'EL-lTE, (neb'el-ite) n. A mineral. 
KNEE, (ne) ti. [Sax. cneow ; G. knie ; Dan. knee.] 1. In 

anatomy, the articulation of the thigh and leg bones. — 2. 

In ship-building, a piece of timber somewhat in the shape 

of the human knee, and used to connect the beams of a 

ship with her sides or timbers. 
fKNEE, (ne) v. t. To supplicate by kneeling. Shak. 
KNEE'-€ROOK-ING, (ne'kruk-ing) a. Obsequious. Shak. 
KNEED, (need) a. 1. Having knees. — 2. In botany, genicu- 

lated ; forming an obtuse angle at the joints, like the knee 

when a little bent. 
KNEE'-DEEP, (ne'deep) a. 1. Rising to the knees. 2. 

Sunk to the knees. 
KNEED'-GRASS, n. An herb. 
KNEE'-HiGH, (ne'hl) a. Rising to the knees ; as water 

knee-high. 
KNEE'HOL-LY, (ne'hol-ly) n. A plant of the genus ruscus 
KNEE'HoLM, (ne'home) n. Kneeholly. 
KNEE'PAN, (ne'pan) n. The round bone on the fore part of 

the knee. 
KNEEL, (neel) v. i. [D. knielen ; Dan. knceler.] To bend 

the knee ; to fall on the knees. 
KNEEL'ER, (ne'ler) n. One who kneels. 
KNEEL'ING, (neel'ing) ppr. Falling on the knees. 
KNEE'TRIB-UTE, (ne'trib-ute) n. Tribute paid by kneel- 
ing ; worship or obeisance by genuflection. Milton. 
KNELL, (nel) n. [Sax. cnyll.] The sound of a bell rung at 

a funeral ; a tolling. 
KNEW, (nu) pret. o{ know. 
KNICK'KNACK, n. Any trifle or toy. 
KNiFE, (nlfe) n. ; plu. Knites, (nivz) [Sax. cnif ; Dan. 

kniv ; Sw. knif.] 1. A cutting instrument with a sharp 

edge. 2. A swurd or dagger. 
KNiGHT, (nite) n. [Sax. cniht, cneoht ; G. knechu] 1. In 

feudal times, a knight was a man admitted to military 

rank by a certain ceremony. This privilege was confer- 



* Sec Synopsis. S, £, I, 5, tj, "?, long.—FS.R, FALL, WHA.T ;— PRSY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD j— f Obsolete 



KNO 



481 



KRA 



red on yoUchs of family and fortune, and hence sprung 
the honorable title of knight, in modern usage. A knight 
has, in England, the title of Sir. 2. A pupil or follower. 
3. A champion. — Knight of the post, a knight dubbed at 
the whipping-post or pillory ; a hireling witness, — Knight 
of the shire, in England, one of the representatives of a 
county in parliament, originally a knight, but now any 
gentleman having an estate in land of six hundred pounds 
a year is qualified. 

KNlGHT, (nite) v. t. To dub or create a knight, which is 
done by the king, who gives the person kneeling a blow 
with a sword, and says, rise. Sir. 

KNiGHT-ER'RANT, n. [knight, and L. errans, erro, to 
wander.] A wandering knight ; a knight wlio tra:veled 
in search of adventures, for the purpose of exhibiting 
military skill, prowess and generosity. 

KNiGHT-ER'RANT-RY, n. The practice of wandering in 
quest of adventures ; the manners of wandering knights. 

KNiGHT-HEADS, n. In ships^ bollard timbers, two pieces 
of timber rising just within the stem. 

KNiGHT'HOOD, n. 1. Tlie character or dignity of a knight. 
2. A military order, honor, or degree of ancient nobility, 
conferred as a reward of valor or merit. " 

t KNiGHT'LESS, a. Unbecoming a knight. Spenser. 

KNiGHT'LI-NESS, n. Duties of a knight. Spenser. 

KNiGHT'LY, a. Pertaining to a knight ; becoming a knight. 
Sidney. 

KNiGHT'LY, adv. In a manner becoming a knight. Sher- 

KNIGHT'-MAR-SHAL, n. An officer in the household of 
the British king. 

KNlGHT'-SER-VSCE, n. In English feudal law, a tenure 
of lands held by knights oh condition of performing mili- 
tary service. 

KNIT, (nit) V. t. ; pret. and pp. knit, or knitted. [Sax. cnyt- 
tan ; Sw. knyta.] 1. To unite, as threads by needles ; to 
connect in a kind of net-work. 2. To unite closely. 3. 
To join or cause to grow together. 4. To tie ; to fasten. 
5. To draw together ; to contract. 

KNIT, (nit) V. i. 1. To unite or interweave by needles. 2. 
To unite closely ; to grow togetlier. 

KNIT, (nit) n. Union by knitting ; texture ; [little used.] 

KNIT'TA-BLE, (nit'ta-bl) a. That mav be knit. 

KNIT'TER, (nit'ter) n. One that knits. 

KNIT'TING, (nit'ting) ppr. Uniting by needles ; forming 
texture ; uniting in growth. 

KNITTING, n. Junction. Wotton. 

KNIT'TING-NEE-DLE, (nit'ting-nee-dl) n. A long needle 
usually made of wire, used for knitting threads into stock- 
ings, garters, &c. 

KNIT'TLE, (nit'l) m. 1. A string that gathers or draws to- 
gether a purse. 2. A small line used in ships to sling 
hammocs. 

KNOB, (nob) n. [Sax. cncep .; G. knopf.} A hard protuber- 
ance J a hard swelling or rising ; a bunch. 

KNOB, V. i. To bunch out ; to grow into knobs. Hersey. 

KNOB'BED, a. Containing knobs; full of knobs, 

KNOB'BI-NESS, (nob'be-nes) n. The quality of having 
knobs, or of being full of protuberances. 

KNOB'BY, (nob'by) a. Full of knobs or hard protuberances; 
hard. 

KNO€K, (nok) v. i. [Sax. cnucian ; Sw. knacka.] 1. To 
strike or beat with something thick or heavy. 2. To 
drive or be driven against ; to strike against ; to clash. — 
To knock under, to yield ; to submit ; to acknowledge to 
be conquered. 

KNOCK, (nok) v. t. 1. To strike ; to drive against. 9. To 
strike a door for admittance ; to rap. — To knock down, to 
strike down ; to fell ; to prostrate by a blow or by blows. 
— To knock out, to force out by a blow or by blows. — To 
knock up, to arouse by knocking. In popular use, to beat 
out. — To knock off, to force off by beating. At auctions, 
to assign to a bidder by a blow on the counter. — To knock 
on the head, to kill by a blow or by blows. 

KNOCK, (nok) n. 1. A blow ; a stroke with something 
thick or heavy. 2. A stroke on a door, intended as a re- 
quest for admittance ; a rap. 

KNOCK'ER, (nok'er) n. 1 One that knocks. 2. An instru- 
ment or kind of hammer, fastened to a door. 

KNOCK'ING, (nok'ing) ppr. Beating ; striking. 

KNOCK'ING, (nok'ing) n. A beating ; a rap. 

KNoLL, (n5le) v. t. [Sax. cnyllan.] To ring a bell, usually 
for a funeral. Shak. 

KNoLL, (n51e) v. i. To sound, as a bell. Shak. 

KNoLL, (nole) n. [Sax. cnolL] The top or crown of a hill ; 
but more generally, a little round hi)l or mount ; a small 
elevation of earth, 

KNoLL'ER, n. One who tolls a bell. Sherwood. 

KNOP, (nop) n. [a different spelling of knap or nob.] A 
knob ; a tufted top ; a bud ; a bunch ; a button. 

KNOP'PED, a. Having knops or knobs ; fastened as with 
buttons, 

KNOR, n. [Ger.] A knot. 

KNOT, (not) n. [Sax. cnotta ; D. knot.] 1. The complica- 



tion of threads made by knitting ; atie ; union of cords by 
interweaving. 2. Any figure, the lines of which frequent- 
ly intersect each other. 3. A bond of association or union 
4. The part of a tree where a branch shoots. 5. The pro- 
tuberant joint of a plant, 6, A cluster ; a collection ; a 
group, 7, Difficulty ; intricacy ; something not easily 
solved, 8, Any intrigue or difficult perplexity of affairs. 
9. A bird of the genus tringa. 10. An epaulet,— 11 , In. 
seamen^s language, a division of the logline, whicli an- 
swers to half a minute, as a mile does to an hour, or it is 
the hundred and twentieth part of a mile, 

KNOT, (not) V. t. 1. To complicate or tie in a knot or 
krots; to form a knot. 2, To entangle ; to perplex. 3 
To unite closely. 

KNOT, (not) v.i. 1. To form knots or joints, as in plants 
2. To knit knots for fringe. 

KNOT'BER-RY, (not'ber-ry) n. A plant of the genus rubus. 

KNOT'GRASS, (not'gras) n. The name of several species 
of plants, so denominated from the joints of the stem. 

KNOT'LESS, (not'les) a. Free from knots ; without knots. 

KNOT'TED, (not'ted) a. 1. Full of knots; having knots. 
Dryden. 2. Having intersecting figures. Shak. 

KNOT'TI-NESS, (not'te-nes) n. 1. Fullness of knots ; the 
quality of having many knots or swellings, 2, Difficulty 
of solution; intricacy, 

KNOT'TY, (not'ty) a. 1. Full of knots; having many 
knots ; as, knotty timber. 2. Hard ; rugged. Rowe. 3. 
Difficult ; intricate ; perplexed. 

KNOUT, (nout) n. A punishment in Russia, inflicted with 
a whip. 

KNoW, (n5) V. t. ; pret. knew ,• pp. known. [Sax. cnawan.] 
1. To perceive with certainty ; to understand clearly ; to 
have a clear and certain perception of truth, fact, or any 
thing that actually exists. 2. To be informed of; to be 
taught. 3. To distinguish. 4. To recognize by recollec- 
tion, remembrance, representation or description. 5. To 
be no stranger to ; to be familiar. — 6. In Scripture, to have 
sexual commerce with. Oen. iv, 7, To approve, 8, To 
learn, Prov. i. 9, To acknowledge with due respect. 
1 Thess. v. 10. To choose ; to favor or take an interest 
in. Amos iii. 11. To commit ; to have. 2. Cor. 12. To 
have full assurance of; to have satisfactory evidence of 
any thing, though short of certainty. 

KNoW, (no) V. i. 1. To have clear and certain perception ; 
not to be doubtful. 2. To be informed. 3. To take cog- 
nizance of; to examine. 

KNoW'A-BLE, (no a-bl) a. That may be known ; that may 
bediscovered, understood or ascertained. 

KNoWER, (no'er) n. One who knows. 

KNOWING, (n5'ing) ppr. 1. Having clear and certain per- 
ception of. 2. a. Skillful ; well informed ; well instruct- 
ed. 3. Conscious ; intelligent. 

KNOWING, (no'ing) n. Knowledge. Shak. 

KNoWING-LY, (no'ing-ly) adv. With knowledge. 

* KNOWL'EDGE, (nol'lej) ?i, 1, A clear and certain percep- 
tion of that which exists, or of truth and fact ; the percep- 
tion of the connection and agreement, or disagreement 
and repugnancy of our ideas. 2. Learning; illumination 
of mind. 3. Skill. 4. Acquaintance with any fact or 
person, 5. Cognizance; notice, Ruth ii, 6, Informa- 
tion ; power of knowing. 7. Sexual intercourse. But it 
is usual to prefix carnal. 

t KNOWL'EDGE, for acknowledge or avow. Bacon. 

JKNUB, ) (nub) 5 v. t. To beat; to strike witli 

t KNUB'BLE, \ (nub'bl) I the knuckle. 

KNUCKLE, (nuk'l) n. [Sax. cnucl ; G. kndchel.] 1. The 
joint of a finger, particularly when protuberant by the 
closing of the fingers. 2. The knee joint of a calf, 3- 
The joint of a plant ; [obs.] Bacon. 

KNUCKLE, (nuk'l) v. i. To yield ; to submit in contest to 
an antagonist, 

KNUCKLED, a. Jointed. Bacon. 

t KNUFF, (nuff ) n. A lout ; a clown. 

KNUR, I (nur) ( n. [G. knorren.] A knot ; a hard sub- 

KNURLE, S (nurl) } stance. Woodward. 

KNURL'ED, a. Full of knots. 

KNURL'Y, (nur'ly) a. Full of knots; hard. 

KNUR'RY, (nur'ry) a. Full of knots. 

Ko'BA, 71. An antelope, with horns close at the base, 

Ko'KOB, n. A venomous serpent of America. 

KOL'LY-RITE, m. [Gr. KoWvptov.] A variety of clay, 

KOM'MA-NIC, n. The crested lark of Germany, 

KON'IL-ITE, n. [Gr. kovos afld Xtdog.] A mineral. 

Ko'NITE, See Conite, '' 

Ko'PECK, n. A Russian coin, about the value of a cent, 

Ko'RAN, n. (pronounced by oriental scholars korawn) n. 
[Ar,] The Mohammedan book of faith ; the alkoran, 

Ko'RET, n. A delicious fish of the East Indies, 

Ko'RIN, n. An antelope with slender, smooth horns, 

KOUPH'0-LITE, n. [Gr, Kov(pos and XiOog.] A mineral, 

KRAAL, 71, In the southern part of Africa, among the Hot- 
tentots, a village ; a collection of huts, 

KRAG, n. A species of argillaceous earth. 



* See Si-norsi3 MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH 5 TH as in this. T Obsolete 



LAB 



482 



LAC 



IKRa/KEN, n. A supposed enormous sea animal. 

KRtJ'KA, 11. A bird of Russia and Sweden. 

Kd'FI€, a. The Kufic letters were the ancient lettei^ of 

the Arabic, so called from Kufa, on the Euphrates. 
Ku'MISS, n. A liquor or drink made from mare's milk 

fermented and distilled ; milk spirit. Tooke. 
KU'EIL, 11. A bird, the black petrel Pennant 



KU-RIL'I-AN, a. The Kurilian isles are a chain of islanda 

in the Pacific. 
t K^, w.Kine. 

KY'A-NlTE, 71. [It is written, also, cj/awite.] A mineral 
Ky-AN'0-OEN, n. [Gr. Kvavoi and yevvaw.] Carbureted 

azote ; the compound base of prussic acid, called, also, 

prussine. 



Lthe twelfth letter of the English Alphabet, is usually 
J denominated a semi-vowel, or a liquid. It has only one 
sound in English, as in like, canal. At the end of mono- 
syllables, it is often doubled, as in fall, fidl, tell, bell ; but 
not after diphthongs and digraphs ; foul, fool, prowl, growl, 
foal, &c. being written with a single I. In English words, 
the terminating syllable le is unaccented, the e is silent, 
and I has a feeble sound ; as in able, eagle, pronounced 
abl, eagl. _ 

As a numeral, L denotes 50, and with a dash, L, 50,000. 

LA, (law) exclam. Look ; see ; behold. Shak. 

LA, in music, the syllable by which Ouido denotes the last 
sound of each hexachord. Encyc. 

t LAB, n. A great talker ; a blabber. Chaucer. 

LABI A-DIST, 71. A follower of Jean de Labadie. 

LAB'DA-NUM. See Ladanum. 

LAB-E-FA€'TION, n. [L. labefar.tio.] A weakening or 
looseningj a failing; decay; downfall; ruin. 

t LAB'E-FY, v. t. To weaken or impair. Diet. 

La'BEL, w. [W. ZZaZ/, a strip; Za6ed, a label.] 1. A narrow 
slip of silk, paper or parchment, containing a name or ti- 
tle, and affixed to any thing, denoting its contents. 2. 
Any paper annexed to a will by way of addition ; as a 
codicil. — 3. In heraldry, a. fillet usually placed in the mid- 
dle, along the chief of the coat, without touching its ex- 
tremities. 4. A long, thin brass rule, with a small sight 
at one end, and a centre-hole at the other, commonly used 
with a tangent-line on the edge of a circuraferentor, to 
take altitudes, &c. 

La'BEL, v. t. To affix a label to. 

La'BELED, pp. Furnished ivith a label, 

La'BEL-ING, ppr. Distinguishing by a label. 

La bent, a. [L. labens.] Sliding ; gliding. Diet. 

La'BI-AL, a [Fr.] Pertaining to the lips ; formed by the 
lips. 

La'BI-AL, n. A letter or character representing an articula- 
tion of the lips ; as b, f, m, p, v. 

La'BI-ATE, } a. [from L. labium.] In botany, a labiate 

La'BI-A-TED, \ corol is irregular, monopetalous, with 
two lips, or monopetalous, consisting of a narrow tube 
with a wide mouth, divided into two or more segments 
arranged in two opposite divisions or lips. 

fLA'BILE, a. ['Low 1,. labilis.] Liable to err, fall or apos- 
tatize. Cheijne. 

LAB-I-O-DENT'AL, a. [labium and dens.] Formed or 
pronounced by the cooperation of the lips and teeth ; as 
/and V. 

La'BOR, n. [L. labor.] 1. Exertion of muscular strength, 
or bodily exertion which occasions weariness ; toilsome 
work ; pains ; travail ; any bodily exertion which is at- 
tended with fatigue. 2. Intellectual exertion ; application 
of the mind which occasions weariness. 3. Exertion of 
mental powers, united with bodily employment. 4. 
Work done, or to be done ; that which requires weari- 
some exertion. 5. Heroic achievement. 6. Travail ; the 
pangs and efforts of diildbirth. 7. The evils of life ; tri- 
als ; persecution, &c. 

La'BOR, v. i. [L. laboro.] 1. To exert muscular strength ; 
to act or move with painful effort, particularly in servile 
occupations ; to work ; to toil. 2. To exert one's powers 
of body or mind, or both, in the prosecution of any de- 
sign ; to strive ; to take pains. 3. To toil ; to be burden- 
ed. 4. To move with difficulty. 5. Tomove irregujarly 
with little progress ; to pitch and roll heavily. 6. To be 
In distress ; to be pressed. 7. To be in travail ; to suffer 
the pangs of childbirth. 8. To journey or march. 9. To 
perform the duties of the pastoral office. 1 Tim. v. 10. 
To perform Christian offices. — To labor under, tohe afflict- 
ed with ; to be burdened or distressed with. 

La'BOR, v. t. 1. To work at ; to till ; to cultivate. 2. To 
prosecute with effort ; to urge. 3. To form or fabricate 
with exertion. 4. To beat ; to belabor. 5. To form with 
toil and care. 

t La'BO-RANT, n. A chemist. Boyle. 

LAB'O-RA-TO-RY, n. [Fr. laboratoire.] 1. A house or 
place where operations and experiments in chemistry, 
pharmacy, pyrotechny, &c., are performed. 2. A place 
where arms are manufactured or repaired, or fire-works 



prepared. 3. A place where work is performed, or any 
thing is prepared for use. 

La 'BORED, pp. Tilled ; cultivated ; formed with labor 

La'BOR-ER, 71. One who labors in a toilsome occupation , 
a man who does work that requires little skill, as distin- 
guished from an artisan. 

La'BOR-ING, ppr. 1. Exerting muscular strength or intel- 
lectual power ; toiling ; moving with pain or with diffi- 
culty ; cultivating. 2. A laboring man, or laborer, is often 
used for a man who performs work that requires no ap- 
prenticeship or professional skill , in distinction from an 
artisjin. 

LA-Bo'RI-OUS, a. [L. laboriosus.] 1. Using exertion ; 
employing labor ; diligent in work or service ; assiduous. 
2. Requiring labor; toilsome; tiresome; not easy. 3. 
Requiring labor, exertion, perseverance or sacrifices. 

LA-Bo'RI-OUS-LY, adv. With labor, toil or difficulty. 

LA-BO'RI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being labori 
ous, or attended with toil ; toilsomeness ; difficulty. 2 
Diligence ; assiduity. 

La'BOR-LESS, a. Not laborious. Brerewood. 

tLA'BOR-OUS, a. The old word for laborious. Spenser. 

fLA'BOR-OUS-LY, a<Zu. Laboriously. Sir T. Elyot. 

tLA'B0R-S6ME, a. Made with great labor and diligence. 

La'BRA, 71. [Sp.] A lip. Shak. 

LA-BURN'UM, n. A tree of the germs cytisus. 

LAB'Y-RINTH, n. [L. labyrinthus.] 1. Among the an- 
cients, an edifice or place full of intricacies, or formed 
with winding passages, which rendered it difficult to find 
the way from the interior to the entrance. 2. A maze ; 
an inexplicable difficulty. — 3. Formerly, an ornamental 
maze or wilderness in gardens. 4. A cavity in the ear. 

LAB-Y-RINTH'I-AN, a. Winding ; intricate ; perplexed. 

LAC, n. [Sp. laca ; G. lack.] Gum-lac, so called, but im- 
properly, not being a gum, but a resin. 

LAC'Cie, a. Pertaining to lac, or produced from it. 

LACE, 71. [Sp. lazo ; Fr. lacet : It. laccio.] 1. A work com- 
posed of threads interwoven into a net, and worked on a 
pillow with spindles or pins. 2. A string; a cord. 3. A 
snare ; a gin. 4. A plaited string with which females 
fasten their clothes. 

LACE, V. t. 1. To fasten with a string through eyelet hol.es. 
2. To adorn with lace. 3. To embellish with variega- 
tions or stripes. 4. To beat ; to lash. 

LaCE'-BARK, n. A shrub in the West Indies. 

LaCED, pp. or a. Fastened with lace or a string ; also, tricked 
off with lace. — Laced coffee, coffee with spirits in it. Ad^ 
dison. — Laced mutton, an old word for a whore ; [obs.] 
Shak. 

LaCE'MAN, 71. A man who deals in lace. Addison. 

LaCE'WOM-AN, n. A woman who makes or sells lace. 

LAC'ER-A-BLE, a. That mav be torn. Harvey. 

LAC'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. lacero.] To tear; to rend ; to sep- 
arate a substance by violence or tearing. 

LAC'ER-ATE, ) pp. or a. 1. Rent ; torn.— -2. In botany, 

LAC'ER-A-TED, S having the edge variously cut into 
irregular segments. 

LAC-ER-a'TION, n. The act of tearing or rending ; the 
breach made by rending. Arbuthnot. 

LAC'ER-A-TiVE, a. Tearing ; having the power to tea/. 

LAC'ER-TTNE, a. [L. lacertus.] Like a lizard. 

LA-CER'TUS, 71. The girrock,a fish; the lizard-fish. 

LACHE, \ 11. [Norm. Fr. lachesse.] In law, neglect ; neg- 

LACH'ES, 1 ligence. ^ > = » « 

LACH'ES, 73. plu. Boggy places. Craven dialect. 

LACH'RY-MA-BLE, a. Lamentable. Morley. 

LACH'RY-MAL, a. [Fr. ; L. lachryma.] A. Generating 
or secreting tears. 2. Pertaining to tears ; conveying 
tears. 

LACH'RY-MA-RY, a. Containing tears. Addison 

LA€H-RY-Ma'TION, n. The act of shedding tears. 

LACHT^Y-MA-TO-RY, n. [Fr. lachrymatoire.] A vessel 
found in sepulchres of the ancients, in which it has been 
supposed the tears of a deceased person's friends were 
collected and preserved with the ashes and urn. 

La'CIiVG, ppr. Fastening with a string; adorned or trim- 
med with lace. 

LA-CIN/I-ATE, ) a. [L. lacinia.] 1. Adorned with 

LA-CTN'I-A-TED, \ frmges.— 2. In botany, jagged. 



See Synopsis, a, E, I, O, tj, f, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete 



LAD 



483 



LAM 



LA€K v.t. [D.leeg,leeg'en;„'Da.n.lak.'] 1. To want; to 
be destitute of; not to have or possess. 2. To blame , 
[obs.] 

LA€K, V. i. 1. To be in want. 2. To be wanting.. 

LACK, n. Want; destitution; need; failure. — Lack of no- 
pees is one hundred thousand rupees, which, at 55 cents 
each, amount to fifty-five thousand dollars. 

LACK-A-DaY, exclamation of sorrow or regret ; alas. 

LAeK'BRAiN, n. One that wants brains, or is deficient in 
understanding. Shak. 

LA€'Q,Ue'r [^' U^^' ^"Q^^-] A kind of varnish. 

LA€K'ER, V. t. To varnish ; to smear over with lacker, for 
the purpose of improving color or preserving from tarnish- 
ing and decay. 

LA€K'ER, n. One who is wanting. Davies. 

LA€K'ERED, ;>;;. Covered with lacker ; varnished. 

LA€K'EY, n. [Fr. laquais.] An attending servant ; a foot- 
boy or footman. 

LA€K'EY, V. t. To attend servilely. Milton. 

LA€K'EY, V. i. To act as footboy ; to pay servile attend- 
ance. 

LA€K' LIN-EN, a. Wanting shirts. [Little used.] Shak. 

LA€K'LUS-TRE, a. Wanting lustre or brightness. 

LA-€0N'1€, I a. [Fr. laconique ; L. laconicus ; from 

LA-€ON'I-eAL, I Laconia.] 1. Short; brief; pithy; 
sententious ; expressing much in few words. 2. Pertain- 
ing to Sparta or Lacedemonia. 

LA-€ON'I-€AL-LY, adv. Briefly ; concisely. 

LA-€ON'I€S, n. A book of Pausanias, which treats of Lac- 
edemonia. 

*La'€ON-ISM, )n. [li.laconismus.] 1. A concise style. 

LA-€ON'I-ClSM, ) 2. A brief, sententious phrase or ex- 
pression. 

LA€'TA6E, n. The produce of animals yielding milk. 

LA€'TANT, a. [L. lactans.] Suckling ; giving suck. [Lit- 
tle used.] 

LA€'TA-RY, a. [L. lactarius.] Milky; full of white juice 
like milk. [Little used.] Brown. 

LA€'TA-RY, n. [L. lactarius.] A dairy-house. 

LA€'TATE, n. In chemistry, a salt formed by the lactic 
acid, or acid of milk, with a base. Four or oy. * 

LA€-Ta'TION, n. [L. lacto.] The act of giving suck ; or 
the time of suckling. Johnson. 

LAe'TE-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to milk. 2. Conveying 
chyle. 

LA€'TE-AL, n. A vessel or slender tube of animal bodies, 
for conveying chyle from the intestines to the common 
reservatory. 

IjA€'TE-AN, a. [L. lacteus.] Milky ; having the color of 
milk. Moxon. 

LA€'TE-0US, a. [L. lacteus.] ]. Milky; resembling 
milk. 2. Lacteal ; conveying chyle. 

LAC-TES'CENCE, n. [L. lactescens.] 1. Tendency to 
milk ; milkiness or milky color. — 2. In botany, milki- 
ness ; the liquor N^'hich flows abundantly from a plant, 
when wounded. 

LAC-TES'CENT, a. 1. Producing milk or white juice. 2. 
Abounding with a thick colored juice. 

LACTIC, a. Pertaining to milk, qr procured from sour 
milk or whey ; as, the lactic acid. Fourcroy. 

LAC-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. lac and fero.] I. Bearing or 
conveying milk or white juice. 2. Producing a thick col- 
ored juice. 

LACU-NAR, 71. [L.] An arched roof or ceiling. 

LAC-U-NoSe' ( °" ^^' ^'^'^'^'''"'Osus.] Furrowed or pitted. 

LAD, 71. [W. llawd ; and Sax. leod.] A young man or boy ; 
a stripling. 

LAD'A-NUM, n. [Ar.] The resinous juice which exsudes 
from the leaves of the cistiis ladanifera. 

LAD'DER, 71. [Sax. hlmdder ; D. ladder, or leder.] 1. A 
frame of wood, consisting of two side-pieces, connected 
by rounds inserted in them at suitable distances, and thus 
forming steps, by which persons may ascend a building, 
&c. 2. That by which a person ascends or rises ; means 
of ascending. 3. Gradual rise ; elevation. 

LADE,u. t.; pret. laded j pp. laded, laden. [Sax. ladan, and 
hladan ; G. laden.] 1. To load ; to put on or in, as a bur- 
den or freight. S. To dip ; to throw in or out, as a fluid, 
with a ladle or dipper ; as, to lade water out of a tub or 
into a cistern. 3, To draw water ; [obs,] 

■f LADE, n. The mouth of a river. Gibson. 

LAD'ED, ) pp. 1. Loaded ; charged withaburden or freight. 

LaD'EN, ) 2. a. Oppressed ; burdened. 

LA'Dl-F?", V. t. [L. Jio, and lady.] To make a lady of. Mas- 
singer. 

LAD'ING, ppr. Loading ; charging with a burden or freight ; 
throwing or dipping out. 

LAD'ING, 71. That which constitutes a load or cargo ; 
freight ; burden. 

LAD'KIN, n. A little lad ; a youth. [Little used.] 

LA'DLE, n [Sax. hlcedle.] 1. A utensil somewhat like 
a dish, with a long handle, used for throwing or dipping 



out liquor from a vesse.. 2. The receptacle of a mill 
wheel, which receives the water which moves it. — 3 
In gunnery, an instrument for drawing the charge of a 
cannon. 

La'DLE-FUL,7i. The quantity contained in a ladle. 

La'DY, 77. [Sax. hlafdig,hlmfdiga,lilcBfdia.] I. A womaij 
of distinction. — Originally, the title of Lady was given to 
the daughters of earls and others in high rank, but by 
custom, the title belongs to any woman of genteel educa- 
tion. 2. A word of complaisance ; used of women. 3 
Mistress ; the female who presides or has authority over 
a manor or a family. 

L^'DY-BUG '■'"" ^ small, red, vaginopennous or sheath 



winged insect. Oay. A coleopterous 
insect of the genus coccinella. Linne 



La'DY-COW, \ 

La'DY-FL^, J 

LA'DY'S BED-STRAW, 71. A plant of the genus ^aZiMTre 

La'DY'S BOW-ER,w. a plant of the genus clematis. 

La'DY'S CoMB, n. A plant of the genus scandix. 

LA'DY'S CUSH-ION, n. A plant of the genus saxifraga. 

LA'DY'S Fi'N-GER, n. A plant of the genus anthyllis. 

La'DY'S MAN-TLE, n. A plant of the genus oZcAemZZa 

LA'DY'S SkAL, n. A plant ©f the genus taTwits. 

LA'DY'S SLIP-PER, n. A plant of the genus cypripedium 

La'DY'S SMOCK, n. A plant of the genus caretomiree. 

LA'DY'S TRA-CES, n. A plant of the genus ophrys. 

La'DY-DaY, n. The day of the annunciation of the holy 
virgin, March 25th. 

La'DY-LiKE, a. I. Like a lady in manners ; genteel ; 
well-bred. 2. Soft; tender; delicate. 

LA'DY-SHIP, n. The title of a lady. Dryden. 

■[LAG, a. [Goth, laggs; W. llag,llac.] I. Coming after 
or behind; slow; sluggish; tardy. 2. Last; long-delay- 
ed. Shak. 

LAG, 78. I. The lowest class ; the rump; the fag end. 2. 
He that comes behind ; [obs/] Shak. 

LAG, V. i. [W. Hag, llac] To walk or move slowly ; to 
loiter ; to stay behind. 

t LAG'GARD, a. Slow ; sluggish ; backward. Collins. 

LAG'GER, a. A loiterer ; an idler ; one who moves slowly 
and falls behind. 

LAG'GING, ppr. Loitering ; moving slowly and falling be- 
hind. Dryden. 

LA-GOON', ) n. [It., Sp. laguna.] A fen, moor, marsh, 

LA-GuNE', J shallow pond or lake. 

La'IC, or La'I-CAL, a. [It. laico, laicale ; Fr. laique.] Be- 
longing to the laity or people, in distinction from the 
clergy. 

LA'IC, 71. A layman. Bp. Morton. 

LAID, pret. and pp. of lay ; so written for layed. 

LAID'LY, a. [Sax. lathlic] Ugly; loathsome; foul. 

LAIN, pp. of lie. 

LAIR, 71. [G. lager.] 1. A place of rest; the bed or couch 
of a boar or wild beast. Dryden. 2. Pasture ; the ground. 

LAIRD, n. [Sax. hlaford.] In the Scots dialect, a lord ; the 
proprietor of a manor. 

LAI'TER, or LAW'TER, n. The whole quantity of eggs 
which a hen lays before she incubates. Brockett. 

LA'I-TY, 71. [Gr. \aos-] 1. The people, as distinguish- 
ed from the clergy ; the body of the people not in or- 
ders. 2. The state of a layman, or of not being in or- 
ders; [obs.] 

LAKE, V. i. [Sw. leka.] To play ; to sport. J^orth of Eng- 
land. 

LAKE, n. [G. laclie ; Fr. lac ; L. lacus.] 1. A large and 
extensive collection of water contained in a cavity or hol- 
low of the earth. It differs from a pond in size, the latter 
being a collection of small extent ; but sometimes a collec- 
tion of water is called a pond or a lake indifl^erently. 2. A 
middle color between uitramarine and vermilion, madf 
of cochineal. 

LAK'Y, a. Pertaining to a lake or lakes. Sherwood. 

LA'MA, n. 1. The sovereign pontiff", or rather the god ol 
the Asiatic Tartars. 2. A small species of camel. 

LAM'AN-TIN, or LAM'EN-TIN, n. A species of the wal- 
rus or sea-cow, the trichechus manatus. 

LAMB, (lam) 7i. [Goth, and Sax. lamb.] 1. The young 
of the sheep kind. 2. The Lamb of God, in Scripture, the 
Savior Jesus Christ, who was typified by the paschal 
lamb. 

LAMB, V. t. To bring forth young, as sheep. 

LAMB' ALE, n. A feast at the time of shearing lambs. 
Warton. 

LAM'BA-TiVE, a. [L. lam.bo.] Taken by licking. 

LAM'BA-TiVE, n. A medicine taken by licking with the 
tongue. Wiseman. 

LAM'BENT, a. [L. lambens.] Playing about; touching 
lightlv ; gliding over. 

LAMB'kiN, (lam'kin) n. A small lamb. Gay. 

LAMB'LiKE, (lara'llke) a. Like a lamb ; gentle ; humble ; 
meek. , , • 

LAMB'S'- WOOL, n. [a corruption of la mas ubhal, that U!, 
the day of the apple fruit.] Ale mixed with sugar, nut- 
meg and the pulp of roasted apples. Burton. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € a8 K ; 6 as J ; S as Z j CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



LAM 



484 



LAN 



LAM-DOID'AL, a. [Gr. "XanBa. ] In the form of the Greek A, 
the English L. Sharp. 

LAME, a. [Sax, Zame, or Zam<i.] 1. Crippled or disabled in 
a limb, or otherwise injured so as to be unsound and im- 
paired in strength. 2. Imperfect ; not satisfactory. 3. 
Hobbling ; not smooth ; as numbers in verse. 

LAME, V. t. To make lame ; to cripple or disable ; to ren- 
der imperfect and unsound. Dryden. 

LAM EL, n. [L. lamella.] A thin plate or scale. 

LAM'EL-LAR, a. Disposed in thin plates or scales. 

LAM'EL-LAR-LY, adv. In thin plates or scales. 

LAM EL-LATE, ) a. Formed m thin plates or scales, or 

LAM'EL-LA-TED, \ covered with them. 

LAM-EL-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. lamella aiidifero.'] Produc- 
ing plates. 

LAM'EL-LI-FORM, a. [L. lamella and form.] Having 
the form of a plate. Joum. of Science. 

LaME'LY, adv. 1. Like a cripple ; with impaired strength ; 
in a halting manner. 2. Imperfectly ; without a com- 
plete exliibition of parts. 3. Weakly ; poorly ; unsteadi- 
ly ; feebly. 

LaME'NESS, n. 1. An impaired state of the body or limbs 5 
loss of natural soundness and strength by a wound or by 
disease. 2. Imperfection ; weakness ; as the lameness 
of an argument or of a description. 

LA-MENT', V. i. [L. lamentor.] 1. To mourn ; to grieve ; 
to weep or wail ; to express sorrow. 2. To regret deep- 
ly ; to feel sorrow. 

LA-MENT', V. t. To bewail; to mourn for; to bemoan; 
to deplore. Dryden. 

LA-MENT', n. [L. lamentum.] Grief or sorrow expressed 
in complaints or cries j lamentation ; a weeping. 

LAM'EN-TA-BLE, a. [Fr.; L. lamentabUis.] 1. To be la- 
mented ; deserving sorrow. 2. Mournful ; adapted to 
awaken grief. 3. Expressing sorrow. 4. Miserable ; pit- 
iful ; low ; poor. 

LAM'EN-TA-BLY, adv. 1. Mournfully ; with expressions 
or tokens of sorrow. 2. So as to cause sorrow. 3. Piti- 
fully ; despicably. 

LAM-EN-Ta'TION, n. [L. lamentatio.] 1. Expression of 
sorrow; cries of grief; the act of bewailing. — 2. In the 
plural, a book of Scripture, containing the lamentations 
of Jeremiah. 

LA-MENT ED, pp. Bewailed ; mourned for. 

LA-MENT'ER, n. One who mourns, or cries out with sor- 
row. 

LAM'EN-TIN. See Lamantin. 

LA-MENT'ING, ppr. BewaUing ; mourning; weeping. 

LA-MENT'ING, 71. A mourning ; lamentation. 

La'MI-A, n. [L.] A hag ; a witch : a demon. 

LAM'I-NA, ) n. [L. lamina.] 1. A thin plate or scale ; a 

LAM'IN, \ layer or coat lying over another; applied to 
the plates of minerals, bones, &.C. 2. A bone, or part of a 
bone, resembling a thin plate, such as the cribriform plate 
of the ethmoid bone. 3. The lap of the ear. 4- The bor- 
der, or the upper, broad or spreading part of the petal, in 
a polypetalous corol. 

LAM'IN-A-BLE, a. Capable of being formed into thin 
plates. 

LAIM'I-NAR, a. In plates ; consisting of thin plates or lay- 
ers. 

LAM'I-NATE, ) a. Plated; consisting of plates, scales or 

LAM'I-NA-TED, \ layers, one over another. 

LaMTSH, a. Not quite lame ; hobbling. A. Wood. 

fLAMM, r. «. To beat. Beaumont. 

LAM'MAS, 71. [Sax. hlammtBsse.] The first day of August. 
Bacon. 

LAMP, 71. [FT.lampe; L. lam-pas.] 1. A vessel for contain- 
ing oil to be burned by means of a wick ; or a light, a 
burning wick inserted in a vessel of oil. — 2. Figuratively, 
a light of any kind. Rowe. — Lamp of safety, or safety 
lamp, a lamp for lighting coal mines, without exposing 
workmen to the explosion of inflammable air. Davy. 

LAM'PAS, 71. [Fr.] A lump of flesh of the size of a nut, in 
the roof of a horse's moutli, and rising above the teeth. 

LAINIP BLACK, 7?. A fine soot formed by the condensation 
of the smoke of burning pitch or resinous substances, in a 
chimney terminating in a cone of cloth. 

LAMP'I-ATE, 77. A compound salt, composed of lampic 
acid and a base. Ure. 

LAMPIC, a. The lampic acid is obtained by the combustion 
of ether by means of a lamp. Ure. 

f LAMP'IXG, a. [It. I ampante.] Shining ; sparkling. 

LAM-POON', n. [qu. Old Fr. lamper.] A personal satire in 
writing ; abuse ; censure written to reproach and vex 
rather than to reform. Dryden. 

LAM-POON', V. t. To abuse with personal censure ; to re- 
proach in written satire. 

LAM-POON'ER, 71. One who abuses with personal satire ; 
the writer of a lampoon. Tatler. 

LAM-POON'ING, ppr. Abusing with personal satu-e. 

LAM-P00N'RY,7?. Abuse. 

LAM'PREY, n. [Fr. lamproie ; D. lamprei.] A genus of an- 
guilliform fishes, resembling the eel. Encyc. 



LAM PREL, or LAM'PRON. See Lampret. 

La'NATE, } a. [L. lanatus.] Wooly. — In botany, cover- 
LAN' A-TED, \ ed with a substance like curled hairs. 

LANCE, (lans) ?i. [L. laiicea ; Fr. lance.] A spear, an of 
fensive weapon in form of a half pike, used by the an- 
cients and thrown by the hand. 

LANCE, «.*. [Arm. langza.] 1. To pierce with a lance or 
with a sharp-pointed instrument. 2. To pierce or cut ; to 
open with a lancet. 

LANCE'LY, (lans'Iy) a. Suitable to a lance. Sidney. 

LAN'CE-O-LAR, a. In botany, tapering towards each end. 

LAN'CE-O-LATE, ) a. Shaped like a lance ; oblong and 

LAN'CE-0-LA-TED, \ gradually tapering toward each 
extremit}' ; spoEir-shaped. 

LANCE-PE-SaDE', 71. [It. lancia-spezzata.] An officer un 
der the corporal. J. Hall. 

LAN'CER, 11. One who lances ; one who carries a lance. 

LAN'CET, 71. [Fr. lancette.] 1. A surgical instrument, 
sharp-pointed and two-edged ; used in venesection, and 
in opening tumors, abscesses, &c. 2. A pointed window. 

LANCH, V. t. [Fr. lancer.] 1. To throw, as a lance ; to 
dart ; to let fly. 2. To move, or cause to slide from the 
land into the water. 

LANCH, V. i. To dart, or fly off"; to push ofl". 

LANCH, 71. 1. The sliding or movement of a ship from the 
land into the water, on ways prepared for the purpose. 
2. A kind of boat, longer, lower, and more flat-bottomed 
than a long-boat. 

LAN'CI-NATE, v. t. [L. lancino.] To tear; to rend; to 
lacerate. Johnson. 

LAN-CI-Na'TION, n. Tearing ; laceration. 

LAND, 71. [Goth., Sax., G.,D., Dan., Sw. ZflTitZ.] 1. Earth, 
or tlie solid matter which constitutes the fixed part of the 
surface of the globe, in distinction from water. 2. Any 
portion of the solid, superficial part of the globe, whether 
a kingdom or country, or a particular region. 3. Any 
small portion of the superficial part of the earth or ground. 
4. Ground ; soil, or the superficial part of the earth in re- 
spect to its nature or quahty. 5. Real estate. 6. The in- 
habitants of a country or region ; a nation or people. 7. 
The ground left unploughed between furrows is by some 
of our farmers called a land. — To make the land, or to 
make land, in seatnen^s language, is to discover land from 
sea, as the shi" approaches it. — To shut in the land, to lose 
sight of the land left, by the intervention of a point or 
promontorj^ — To set the land, to see by the compass how 
it bears from the ship. 

f LAND, 71. [Sax. hland, or hlond.] Urine ; whence the old 
expression land dam, to kill. Shak. 

LAND, V. t. To set on shore ; to disembark ; to debark. 

LAND, v.i. To go on shore from a ship or boat ; to disem 
bark. 

LAN'DAU, 71. A kind of coach or carnage whose top may 
be opened and thrown back, 

LAND'-BREEZE, 71. [land and breeze.] A current of air 
setting from the land towards the sea. 

LAND'ED, pp. 1. Disembarked ; set on shore from a ship 
or boat. 2. a. Having an estate in land. 3. Consisting 
in real estate or land. 

LAND'FALL, 71. 1. A sudden translation of property in 
land by the death of a rich man. — 2. In seamen's language, 
the first land discovered after a voyage. 

LAND'FLoOD, n. An overflowing of land by water ; an 
inundation. 

LAND'-FoRCE, n. A military force, army or troops serving 
on land, as distinguished from a naval force. 

LAND'GRAVE, n. [G. landgraf; D. landgraaf.] In Ger- 
many, a count or earl. 

LAND-GRa'VI-ATE, 77. The territory held by a landgrave, 
or his office, jurisdiction or authority. 

LAND'HoLD-ER, n. A holder or proprietor of land. 

LANDING, ppr. Setting on shore ; coming en shore. 

LAND'ING, ) n. A place where persons land, or 

LAND'ING-PLACE, \ where goods are set on shore. 

LAND'JOB-BER, 7!. A man who makes a business of buy- 
ing land on speculation. 

LAND'La-DY, 71. 1. A woman who has tenants holding 
from her. 2. The mistress of an inn. Swift. 

LAND'LESS, a. Destitute of land ; having no land. 

LAND'LOCK, v. t. To inclose or encompass by land. 

LAND'LOCKED, pp. Encompassed by land, so that no 
point of the compass is open to the sea. 

LAND'LO-PER, 71. A landman ; literally, a land runner ; 
a Lerm of reproach among seamen to designate a man who 
passes his life on land. 

LAND'LORD, n. [Sax. land-hlaford.] 1. The lord of a 
manor or of land ; the owner of land who has tenants un- 
der him. 2. The master of an inn or tavern. 

t LAND'LORD-RY, 71. State of a landlord. Bp. Hall. 

LAND'MAN, n. A man who serv^es on land. 

LAND'MARK, n. 1. A mark to designate the boundary ot 
land ; any mark or fixed object. — 2. In navigation, any 
elevated object on land that serves as a guide to seamen 



* See Synopsis. X, K, I, O, tJ, "?, long.— F^R, FALL, AVHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BtRD ;— f Obsolete. 



LAN 



485 



LAP 



LAND'-OF-FICE, n In the United States, an office in 
which the sales of new land are registered. 

LAND'S€aPE, n. [D. laiidschap ; Sw. landskap.] 1. A 
portion of land or territory which the eye can comprehend 
in a single view, including mountains, rivers, lakes, and 
whatever the land contains. 2. A picture, exhibiting the 
form of a district of country, as far as the eye can reach. 
3. The view or prospect of a district of country. 

tLAND S€aPE, v> t. To represent in a landscape. 

liAiVD'SLlDE, I n. A portion of a hill or mountain, which 

LANDSLIP, ) slips or slides down ; or the slidmg down 
of a considerable tract of land from a mounteiin. Oold- 
smith. 

LANDS'MAX, 7i. In seamen's language, a sailor on board 
a ship, who has not before been at sea. 

t LAIV'D STREIGHT, n. A narrow slip of land. 

LAND'-TAX, 71. A tax assessed on land and buildings. 

LAXD'-TURN, H. A land breeze. Encyc. 

LAND'-WaIT-ER, 11. An officer of the customs, whose 
duty is to icait or attend on the landing of goods. 

LAND'WARD, adv. Toward the land. Sandys. 

LAXD'-WIND, n. A wind blowing from the land. 

LAND'-W6RK-ER, n. One who tills the ground. 

LANE, n. [D. laan.] 1. A narrow way or passage, or a 
private passage, as distinguished from a public road or 
highway. 2. A passage between lines of men, or people 
standing on each side. 

LANG, a. The word in the J^orth of England for long; 
langsome, also, for longsome, tedious. 

LAN GRA6E, ) n. Langrel shot, or langrage, is a particular 

LAN'GREL, \ kind of shot used at'sea for tearing sails 
and rigging, and thus disabling an enemy's ship. 

LANG'SET-TLE, n. A long bench to sit on. J^orth ofEng. 

LANG-TER-A-LOO', n. A game a\, cards. Tatler. 

LANGUAGE, 71. [Fr. langage ; Sp. lengua, lenguage.] 1. 
Human speech ; the expression of ideas by words or sig- 
nificant articulate sounds, for the communication of 
thoughts. 2. Words duly arranged in sentences, written, 
printed or engraved, and exhibited to the eye. 3. The 
speech or expression of ideas peculiar to a particular na- 
tion. 4. Style; manner of expression. 5. The inarticu- 
late sounds by which irrational animals express their 
feelings and wants. 6. Any manner of expressing 
thoughts. 7. A nation, as distinguished by thek speech. 
Dan. iii. 

tLAN'GUAGE, v. t. To give language to j to express. 
Lovelace. 

LAN'GUAGED, a. Having a language. Pope. 

L,AN'GUAGE-M:\S-TER, n. One whose profession is to 
teach languages. Spectator. 

LAN GUET, 71. [Fr. languette.] Any thing in the shape of 
the tongue. [J\rot English.] 

LAN'GUID, a. [L. languidus.] 1. Flagging ; drooping ; 
hence, feeble; weak; heavy; dull; indisposed to exer- 
tion. 2. Slow. 3. Dull ; heartless ; without animation. 

LAN'GUID-LY, adv. Weakly ; feebly ; slowlv. 

LAN GUID-NESS, 7!. I. Weakness from exhaustion of 
strength ; feebleness ; dullness ; languor. 2. Slowness. 

LAN GL^ISH, V. i. [Fr. languir, languissant.] I. To lose 
strength or animation ; to be or become dull, feeble or 
spiritless ; to pine ; to be or to grow heavy. 2. To wither; 
to fade ; to lose the vegetating power. 3. To grow dull ; 
to be no longer active and vigorous. 4. To pine or sink 
under sorrow or any continued passion. 5. To look with 
softness or tenderness, as with the head reclined and a 
peculiar cast of the eye. 

LAN'GUISH, V. t. To cause to droop or pine. [L. u.] Shak. 

LAN GUISH, n. Act of pining ; also, a soft and tender look 
or appearance. Pope. 

LAN'GUISH-ER, n. One who languishes or pines. 

LAN'GUISH-ING, ;;7>r. 1. Becoming or being feeble ; losing 
strength ; pining ; withering ; fading. 2. a. Having a 
languid appearance. 

LAN'GUISH-ING-LY, adv. 1. Weakly ; feebly ; dully ; 
slowly. 2. With tender softness. 

LAN'GUISH-MENT, 71. 1. The state of pining. 2. Soft- 
ness of look or mien, with the head reclined. 

LAN'GUOR, 7i. [L. languor : Fr. langueur.] 1. Feeble- 
ness ; dullness ; heaviness ; lassitude of body ; that state 
of the body which is induced by exhaustion of strength. 
2. Dullness of the intellectual faculty ; listlessness. 3. 
Softness ; laxity. 

t LAN'GUOR-OUS, a. Tedious; melancholy. Spenser. 

t LAN'GURE, V. t. To languish. Chaucer. 

LAN'IARD, (lan'yard) n. [Fr. laniere.'] A short piece of 
rope or line, used for fastening something in ships. 

t La'NI-A-RY, n. [L. lanio.] A shambles. Cockerdm. 

La'NI-ATE, v. t. [L. lanio.'] To tear in pieces. \_L. .n] 

L A-NI-a'TION, 71. A tearing in pieces. [Little used.] 

LA-XIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. lanifer,] Bearing or producing wool. 

LAN'I-FlCE, 71. [L. lanificium.1 Manufacture of wool. 

LA-NIG ER-OUS, a.] L./ariig-fT-.j Bearing or producing wool. 

LANK, a. [Sax. hlanca.] 1. Loose or lax and easily yield- 
ing to pressure ; not distended ; not stiff or firm by dis- 



tension ; not plump. 2. Thin ; slender meager ; not full 

and firm. 3. Languid ; drooping. 
LANK'LY, adv. Thinly ; loosely ; laxly. 
LANK'NESS, n. Laxity ; flabbtness ; leanness ; slendemess 
LANKiY, a. Lank. [Vulgar.] 

LAN'NER-ET, J "* [Fr. ZaTiJer.] A species of hawk. 

LANS'aUE-NET, 71. [Fr.] 1. A common foot soldier. 2. 
A game at cards. 

LA]\T, n. 1. The old name for the game of loo. 2. Urine. 
Brockett. 

LAN'TERN, n. [Fr. lanterne ; L. laterna.] 1. A case or 
vessel made of tin perforated with many holes, or of some 
transparent substance, used for carrying a light. 2. A 
light-house or light to direct the course of ships. — 3. In 
architecture, a little dome raised over the roof of a build- 
ing to give light, and to serve as a crowning to the fabric. 
4. A square cage of carpentry placed over the ridge of a 
corridor or gallery, between two rows of shops, to illu- 
mmate them. — Magic lantern, an optical machine, by 
which painted images are represented so much magnified 
as to appear like the effect of magic. 

LAN'TERN-FLY, n. An insect of the genus fulgora. 

LAN'TERN-JAWg, n. A thm visage. Spectator. 

LA-Nu'Gl-NOiJS, a. [L. lanuginosus.] Downy ; covered 
with down, or fine, soft hair. 

LAN'YARD. See Laniard. 

LA-OD-I-Ce'AN, a. Like the Christians of Laodicea ; luke 
warm in religion. 

LA-OD-I-Ce'AN-ISM, 77. Lukewarmness in religion. E. 
Stiles. 

LAP, 71. [Sax. IcBppe ; D., Dan. lap.] 1. The loose part of a 
coat ; the lower part of a garment that plays loosely. 2. 
The part of clothes that lies on the knees when a person 
sits down ; hence, the knees in this position. 

LAP, V. t. 1. To fold ; to bend and lay over or on. 2. To 
wrap or twist round. 3. To infold ; to involve. 

LAP, V. i. To be spread or laid ; to be turned over. 

LAP, V. i. [Sax. lappian.] To take up liquor or food with 
the tongue ; to feed or drink by licking. 

LAP, V. t. To take into the mouth with the tongue ; to lick 
up. Shak. 

LAP'DOG, n. A small dog fondled in the lap. Dryden. 

LA-PEL', 71. That part of the coat which wraps over the 
facing. 

LAP'FULL, V. As much as the lap can contain. 

t LAP'i-ClDE, 7(. A stone-cutter. Diet. 

LAP-I-Da'RI-OUS, a. [L. lapidarius.] Stony ; consisting of 
stones. 

LAP'I-DA-RY, n. [Fr. lapidaire ; L. lapidarius.] 1. An ar- 
tificer who cuts precious stones. 2. A dealer in precious 
stones. 3. A virtuoso skilled in the nature and kinds of 
gems or precious stones. 

LAP'I-DA-RY, a. Pertaininato the art of cutting stones. 

t LAP'I-DATE, V. t. JL. lapidc] To stone. 

LAP-[-Da'TION, 71. The act of stoning a person to death. 

LA-PID'E-OUS, a. [L. lapideus.] Stony; of the nature of 
stone. [Little used.] Ray. 

LAP-I-DES'CENCE, 7i. [L. lapidesco.] 1. The process ot 
becoming stone ; a hardening into a stony substance. 2. 
A stony concretion. 

LAP-I-DES'CENT, a. Growing or turning to stone ; that 
has the quality of petrifying bodies. Encyc. 

LAP-I-DES'CENT, n. Any substance which has the quality 
of petrifying a body, or converting it to stone. 

LAP-I-DIF'I€, a. [L. lapis anifacio.] Forming or convert- 
ing into stone. 

LA-PID-I-FI-€A'TION, n. The operation of forming or 
converting into a stony substance. 

LA-PID'I-FY, V. t. [L. lapis anAfacio.] To form into stone 

LA-PID'I-FY, v. i. To turn into stone ; to become stone. 

LAP'I-DIST, «. A dealer in precious stones. See Lapidary 

La'PIS, in Latin, a stone. — Lapis Bononicnsis, the Bolognian 
stone. — Lapis hepaticus^ liver stone. — Lapis lazuli, azure 
stone, an aluminous mineral, of a rich blue color, resem- 
bling the blue carbonate of copper. [See Lazuli.] — Lapis 
Lydius, touch-stone ; basanite ; a variety of siliceous slate. 

LAP'LING, n. [from lap.] A term of contempt for one 
wrapped up in sensual delights. Hewyt. 

LAPPED, pp. [See Lap.] Turned or folded over. 

LAP'PER, 7i. 1. One that laps; one that wraps or folds. 2 
One that takes up with his tongue. 

LAP'PET, 71. [dim. of lap.] Apart of a garment or dress 
that hangs loose. Stcift. 

LAP'PING, ppr. 1. Wrapping; folding; laying on. 2. 
Licking ; taking into the mouth with the tongue. 

LAPSE, (laps) 77. [L. lapsus.] 1. A sliding, gliding or flow- 
ing ; a smooth course. 2. A falling or passing. 3. Aslip; 
an error ; a fault ; a failing in duty ; a slight deviation 
from truth or rectitude. — 4. In ecclesiastical law, the slip 
or omission of a patron to present a clerl^ to a benefice, 
within six months after it becomes void. — 5. In theology, 
the fall or apostasy of Adam. 

LAPSE, (laps) V. i. 1. To glide ; to pass slowly, silently, or 



^ See Synopsis, MOVE, BOOK , D6VE ;— BULL , UNlTE.--€ as K , 6 as J ; S as Z j CBas SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



LAS 



486 



LAT 



by degrees. 2. To slide or slip in moral condtlct ; to fail 
in duty ; to deviate from rectitude ; to commit a fault. 3. 
To slip or commit a fault by inadvertency or mistake. 4. 
To fall or pass from one proprietor to another, by the 
omission or negligence of the patron. 5. To fall from a 
state of innocence, or from truth, faith or perfection. 

LAPSED, pp. Fallen j passed from one proprietor to another 
by the negligence of tlie patron. 

LAP'SlD-ED, a. [lap and side.] Having one side heavier 
than the other, as a ship. Mar. Diet. 

LAPS'ING, ppr. Gliding ; flowing ; failing ; falling to one 
person through the omission of anotJ)er. 

LAP'STONE, n. A cobbler's stone on which he hammers 
his leather. Brockett. 

LAP'WING, n. A bird of the genus tringa ; the tewit. 

LAP'WoRK, n. Work in which one part laps over another, 

LAR, w^,- plu. La'res. [L.] A household deity. Lovelace. 

LaR'BoAIID, n. The left-hand side of a ship, when a per- 
son stands with his face to the head ; opposed to star- 
board^ 

LAR'BoARD, a. Pertaining to the left-hand side of a ship. 

LAR'CE-NY, n. [Fr. larcm.] Theft ; the act of taking and 
carrying away the goods or property of another feloniously. 

LARCH, n. [L. larix.] The common name of a division of 
the genus pinus. 

LARD, n. [Fr. lard; li.lardu.in.] 1. The fat of swine, after 
beiiig melted and separated from the flesh. 2. Bacon ; 
the flesh of swine. Dryden. 

LARD, v.t. [Fi. larder.] 1. To staff" with bacon or pork. 
2. To fatten ; to enrich. 3. To mix with something by 
way of improvement. 

LARD, V. i. To grow fat. Drayton. 

LAR-Da'CEOUS, a. Of the nature of lard ; consisting of 
lard. 

LARD'ED, pp. Stuffed with bacon ; fattened ; mixed. 

LARD'ER, n. A room where meat is kept or salted. 

LARD'ER-ER, n. One who has the charge of the larder. 

LAR'DON, n. [Fr.] A bit of bacon. 

t LARD'RY, n. A larder. 

fLARE, n. [Sax. lare,l<BTe.] Learning; scholarship. 

LARGE, (larj) a. [Fr. large ; L. largus.] 1. Big ; of great 
size; bulky. 2. Wide ; extensive. 3. Extensive or pop- 
ulous ; containing mawy inhabitants. 4. Abundant ; plen- 
tiful ; ample. 5. Copious ; diffusive. — 6. In seamen's 
language., the wind is large when it crosses the line of a 
ship's course in a favorable direction, particularly on tije 
beam or quarter. 7. Wide ; consisting of much water. 
8. Liberal ; of a great amount. — Jit large. 1, Without 
restraint or confinement. 2. Diff'usely ; fully ; in the full 
extent. 

LARGE, n. Formerly., a musical note equal to four breves. 

tLAR6E-HEART'ED-NESS,?i. Largeness of heart ; liber- 
ality. Bp. Reynolds. 

LARGE'LY, adv. 1. Widely; extensively. 2. Copiously; 
diff'usely ; amply. 3. Liberally ; bountifully. 4. Abund- 
antly* 

LARGE'NESS, n. 1. Bigness ; bulk ; magnitude. 2. Great- 
ness; comprehension. 3. Extent; extensiveness. 4. 
Extension ; amplitude ; liberality. 5. Wideness ; ex- 
tent. 

LAR'GESS, n. [Fr. largesse.] A present ; a gift or dona- 
tion ; a bounty bestowed. Dryden. 

LARG'ISH, a. Somewhat large. [CT'TiMSMaZ.] Cavallo. 

LAR'GOjOrLAR-GHET'TO. [It.] Musical terms, directing 
to slow movement. 

LAR-Gl"TION, n. [L. largitio.] The act of giving. Diet. 

LARK, n. [Sax. laferc, lauerce ; Scot, laverok, lauerok.] A 
bird of the genus alauda. 

LARK'ER, n. A catcher of larks. Diet. 

LARK'LiKE, a. Resembling a lark in manners. 

LARK'S'-HEEL, n A flower called Indian cress. 

LARK'SPUR, n. A plant of the genus delphinium. 

LAR'MIER, 71. [Fr. ] The flat, jutting part of a cornice ; 
literally, the dropper ; the eave or drip of a house. 

LAR'UM, n. [G. Idrm.] Alarm ; a noise giving notice of 
danger. See Alarm. 

LAR'VA, or LARVE, n. [L. larva.] An insect in the 
caterpillar state ; eruca. 

LAR'VA-TED, a. Masked ; clothed as with a mask. 

LA-RYN'GE-AN, a. Pertaining to the larynx. 

LAR-YN-GOT'O-MY, n. [L. larynx, and Gr. reavio.] The 
operation of cutting the larynx, or windpipe ; tracheotomy. 

LAR'YNX, n. [Gr. Xapvy|.] In anatomy, the upper part of 
the windpipe or trachea, a cartilaginous cavity. 

LAS'CAR, n. In the East Indies, a native seaman, or a 
gunner. 

tLAS-CIV'I-EN-CY, LAS-CIV'I-ENT. See the next 
words. 

LAS-CIV'I-OUS, a. [Fr.lasdf; It., ^^.lascivo; L. lasd- 
vus.] 1. Loose ; wanton ; lewd ; lustful. 2. Soft ; wan- 
ton; luxurious. 

LAS-CIV'I-OUS-LY, adv. Loosely ; wantonly ; lewdly. 

LAS-CIV'I-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Looseness ; irregular indul- 
gence of animal desires ; wantonness ; lustfulness. 2. 



Tendency to excite lust, and promote irregular indulgen- 
ces. 

LASH, 71. [G.lasche.] L The thong or braided cord of a 
whip. 2. A leash or string. 3. A stroke with a whip, or 
any thing pliant and tough 4. A stroke of satire ; a sar- 
casm ; an expression or retort that cuts or gives pain. 

LASH, V. t. 1. To strike with a lash or any thing pliant, 
to whip or scourge. 2. To throw up with a sudden jerk. 
3. To beat, as with something loose ; to dash against 4. 
To tie or bind with a rope or cord ; to secure or fasten by 
a string. 5. To satirize ; to censure with severity. 

LASH, V. i. To ply the whip ; to strike at. Drydeii.— To lash 
out, is to be extravagant or unruly. 

LASHED, ])p. 1. Struck with a lash ; whipped ; tied ; 
made fastbya rope. — 2. In botany, ciliate ; fringed. Lee. 

LASH'ER, n. One that whips or lashes. 

LASHER, or LASH'ING, n. A piece of rope for binding or 
making fast one thing to another. 

LASH'FREE, a. Free from the stroke of satire. B. Jon- 
son. 

LASH'ING, n. Extravagance ; unruliness. South. 

LASK, n. JL. laxu^s.] A looseness; a lax ; a flux. Burton, 

LASS, n. fqu. from laddess.] A young woman ; a girl. 

LAS'SI-TUDE, 71. [Fr. ; L. lassitudo.] 1. Weakness ; dull- 
ness ; heaviness ; weariness ; languor of body or mind. — 
2. Among physicians, liissitude is a morbid sensation of 
languor which often precedes disease. 

LASS'LORN, a. Forsaken by his lass or mistress. 

LAST, a. [contracted from latest ; Sax. last.] 1. That 
comes after all the others ; the latest. 2. That follows all 
the others ; that is behind all the others in place ; hind- 
most. 3. Beyond which there is no more. 4 Next 
befot-e the present. 5. Utmost. 6. Lowest ; meanest.— j2« 
last, at the last, at the end; in the conclusion. — To the 
last, to the end ; till the conclusion. 

liAST, adv. ]. The last time; the time before, the present, 
2. In conclusion ; finally. 

LAST, V. i. [Sax. last.an, Imstan.] 1. To continue in time ; 
to endure ; to remain in existence. 2. To continue unim- 
paired ; not to decay or perish. 3. To hold out ; to con- 
tinue unconsumed. 

LAST, n. [Sax. hlmste; G., Sw., D., Dan. last.] A load ; 
hence, a certain weight or measure. 

LAST, n. [Sax. lastc, Imste.] A mold or form of the human 
foot, made of wood, on which shoes are formed. 

t LAST' AGE, 71. [Fr. lestage.] I. A duty paid for freight 
or transportation. 2. Ballast. 3. The lading of a ship. 

LAST'AGED, a. Ballasted. Huloet. 

t LAST'ER-Y, n. A red color. Spenser. 

LAST'ING, ppr. 1. Continuing in time; enduring; re- 
maining. 2. a. Durable ; of long continuance ; that may 
continue or endure. 

LAST'ING-LY, adv. Durably; with continuance. 

LAST'ING-NESS, n. Durability; the quality or state of 
long continuance. Sidney. 

LAST'LY, adv. 1. In the last place. 2. In the' conclusion ; 
at last ; finally. 

LATCH, n. [Fr. loquet.] 1. A small piece of iron or wood 
used to fasten a door. 2. A small line like a loop, used 
to lace the bonnets to the courses, or the drabblers to the 
bonnets. 

LATCH,?;. ^ 1. To fasten with a latch ; to fasten. 2. [Fr 
lecher.] To smear ; [obs.] 

LATCH'ET, ?(. [from latch, Fr. lacet.] The string that 
fastens a shoe. jJIark i. 

LATE, a. [Sax. Icet, lat ; Goth. lata. This adjective has 
regular terminations of the comparative and superlative 
degrees, later, latest, but it has also latter, and latest is 
often contracted into last.] 1. Coming after the usual 
time; slow; tardy; long delayed. 2. Far advanced to- 
wards the end or close. 3. Last, or recently in any place, 
oflice or character. 4. Exiytuig not long ago, but now 
decayed or departed. 5. Not long past ; happening not 
long ago ; recent. 

LATE, adv. 1. After the usual time, or the time appointed ; 
after delay. 2. After the proper or usual season. 3. Not 
long ago ; lately. 4. Far in the night, day, week, or other 
particular period. — Of late, lately, in time not long past, 
or near the present.— Too late, after the proper lime ; not 
in due time. 

LATE, V. t. [Icel. leita.] To seek ; to search. 

t LaT'ED, a. Belated ; being too late. Shah. 

LAT'EEN, a. A lateen sail is a triangular sail, extended by 
a lateen yard. 

LaTE'LY, adv. Not long ago ; recently. ■ 

La'TEN-CY, 71. The state of being concealed ; abstruse- 
ness. PaUy. 

LaTE'NESS, 71. 1. The state of being tardy, or of coming 
after the usual time. 2. Time far advanced in any par- 
ticular periqd. 3. The state of being out of time, or after 
the appointed time. 

La'TENT, a. [1^. latens.], Hid; concealed; secret; not 
seen ; not visible or apparent. — Latent heat is heat in 
combination, in distinction from sensible beat. 



* See Synopsis. A , E, I, O, tj, ■£, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete 



LAT 487 



LAU 



LaT'ER, a. [comp. deg. of late.'] Posterior ; subsequent. 

LAT'ER-AL, a. [Fr. ; L. lateralis.'] 1. Pertaining to the 
side. 2. Proceeding from the side. 

t L AT-ER-AL'I-T Y, n. The quahty of having distinct sides. 

LAT'ER-AL- LY, adv. 1. By the side ; sideways. Holder. 
2. In the direction of the side. 

LAT'E-RAN, n. One of the churches at Rome. 

A LAT'E-RE, [L.] A legate a latere is a pope's legate or 
envoy, so called because sent from his side, from among 
his favorites and counselors. 

\ LaT'ERED, a. Delayed. Chaucer. 

LAT-ER-1-Fo'LI-OUS, a. [L. latns and folium.'] In 
botany, growing on the side of a leaf at the base. Lee. 

LAT-Ell-I"T10US, a. [L. lateritius.] Like bricks ; of the 
color of bricks. Med. Repos. 

■[• LATE' WARD, a. [Sax. weard, and late.] Backward. 
Huloet. 

t LATE' WARD, adv. Somewhat late. 

LATH, n. [Fr. latte.] 1. A thin, narrow hoard or slip of 
wood nailed to the rafters of a building to support the 
tiles or covering. 2. A thin, narrow slip of wood nailed 
to the studs, to support the plastering. 

LATH, V. t. To cover or line with laths. Mortimer. 

LATH, n. [Sax. leth.] In some parts of England, a part 
or division of a county. 

LATHE, n. [qu. lath.] An engine by which instruments 
of wood, ivory, metals and other materials, are turned 
and cut into a smooth round form. 

LATH'EK, V. i. [Sax. Icthrian.] To fonn a foam with wa- 
ter and soap ; to become froth, or frothy matter. 

LATH'ER, V. t. To spread over with the foam of soap. 

LATH'ER, 71. 1. Foam or froth made by soap moistened 
with water 2. Foam or froth from profuse sweat, as of 
a horse. 

LATH'Y, a. Thin as a lath ; long and slender. Todd. 

LATH'Y, a. [W. lleth.'] Flabby ; weak. JVew England. 

LA-TIB'U-LiZE, v. i. [L. latibulum.] To retire into a den, 
burrow or cavity, and lie dormant in winter ; to retreat 
and lie hid. 

LAT'I-€LAVE, n. [L. laticlavium.] An ornament of dress 
worn by Roman senators. 

LAT'IN, a. Pertaining to the Latins, a people of Latium, in 
Italy ; RomUn.— Latin charch, the western church. 

LAT'IN, n. 1. The language of the ancient Romans. 2. 
An exercise in schools, consisting in turning English into 
Latin. 

LAT'IN-LY, adv. So as to understand or write Latin. Hey- 
lin. 

LAT'IN-ISM, n. A Latin idiom ; a mode of speech pecul- 
iar to the Latins. Addison. 

LAT'IN-IST, n. One skilled in Latin. 

LA-TIN'I-TY, n. Purity of tJie Latin style or idiom ; the 
Latin tongue. 

LAT'IN-lZE, V. t. To give to foreign words Latin termina- 
tions, and make them Latin. Watts. 

LAT'IN-lZE, V. i. To use words or phrases borrowed from 
the Latin. Drydev. 

LAT-I-ROS'TROUS, a. [L. latus and rostrum.] Having a 
broad beak, as a fowl. Brown. 

LaT'ISH, a. [from late.] Somewhat late. 

LAT'I-TAN-CY, n. [L. latitans.] The state of lying con- 
cealed ; the state of lurking. Brown. 

LAT'I-TANT, a. Lurking; lying hid ; concealed. Boyle. 

LAT'I-TAT, n. [L.] A writ by whicli a person is sum- 
moned into the king's bench to answer, as supposing he 
lies concealed. 

LAT-I-Ta'TION, n. The state of lying concealed. 

liAT'I-TUDE, n. [¥r.; 'L. latitudo.] 1. Breadth ; width ; 
extent from side to side. 2. Room; space.— 3. In astrono- 
my, the distance of a star north or south of the ecliptic. — 
4. In geography, the distance of any place on the globe, 
north or south of the equator. 5. Extent of meaning or 
construction; indefinite acceptation. 6. Extent of devia- 
tion from a settled point ; freedom from rules or limits ; 
laxity. _7. Extent. 

LAT-I-Tu'DI-NAL, a. Pertaining to latitude ; in the direc- 
tion of latitude. Oregory. 

LAT-I-TU-DI-Na'RI-AN, a. [Fr. latitudinaire.] Not re- 
strained ; not confined by precise limits ; free ; thinking 
or acting at large. 

LAT-I-TU-DI-Na'RI-AN, n. L One Who is moderate in 
his notions, or not restrained by precise, settled limits in 
opinion ; one who indulges freedom in thinking.— 2. In 
theology, one wlio departs in opinion from the strict prin- 
ciples of orthodoxy ; or one who indulges a latitude of 
thinking ana interpretation ; a moderate man. 

LAT-I-TU-DI-Na'RI-AN-ISM, n. Freedom or liberality of 
o'^mxon, particularly in theology. 2. Indifierence to re- 
ligion. 

La'TRANT, a. [L. latro.] Barking. Tickell. 

t La'TRATE, v. i. To bark as a dog. 

f LA-TRa TION, n. A barkmg. 

La'TRI-A,ji. [L.] The highest kind of worship, or that 
paid to God ; distinguished by the Catholics from dulia. 



LA-TRo'BITE, 71. [from Latrobe.] A mineial. 

fLATRO-CIN-Y, 7t. [1,. latrocinium.] Theft; larceny 

LAT'TEN, n. [Fr. leton.] Iron plate covered with tin. 

LAT'TEN-BRASS, n. Plates of milled brass. 

LAT'TER, a. [an irregular comparative of late.] 1. Com- 
ing or happening after something else ; opposed to former 
2. Mentioned the last of two. 3. Modern : lately done or 
past, 

LAT'TER-LY, adv. Of late ; in time not long past ; lately. 

LAT'TER-MATH, ?t. The latter mowing; that which is 
mowed after a former mowing, 

LAT'TiCE, n. [Fr. lattis.] Any work of wood or iron, 
made by crossing laths, rods or bars, and forming open 
squares like net-work. 

LAT'TiCE, a. 1. Consisting of cross pieces. 2 Furnished 
with lattice work. 

LAT'TiCE, V. t. 1, To form with cross bars, and open 
work, 2. To furnisli with a lattice. 

LAT'TlCED, pp. Furnished with a lattice, 

LAUD, n. [L, laus, laudis.] 1. Praise ; commendation ; 
an extolling in words ; honorable mention ; [little used.] 

2, That part of divine worship which consists in praise, 

3. Music or singing in honor of any one, 

LAUD, v. t. [L, laudo.] To praise in words alone, or with 
wuids and singing ; to celebrate, Beniley. 

LAUD'A-BLE, a. [L. laudabilis.] 1. Praiseworthy ; com- 
mendable, 2, Healthy ; salubrious. 3. Healthy ; well 
digested. 

LAUD'A-BLE-NESS,r(, The quality of deserving praise; 
praiseworthiness. [Laudability, in a like sense, has been 
used, but rarely.] 

LAUD'A-BLY, adv. In a manner deserving praise. 

* LAUD'A-NUM, (lod'a-num) n. [from L. laudo.] Opium 
dissolve_d in spirit or wine ; tincture of opium. Coxe. 

t LAU-Da'TION, 71. [L. laudatio.] Praise ; honor paid, 
LAUD'A-TiVE, /;. [L, laudativus.] A panegyric ; a eulo- 
gy. [Little used.] Bacon. 
LAUD'A-TO-RY, a. Containing praise ; tending to praise. 
LAUD'yi-TO-RY n. That which cojitains praise. 
LAUD'ER, n. One who praises. 
LAUGH, (laff) v.i. [Bax. hlihan ; G.lachen; D. lachen.] 

1. To make the noise and exhibit the features which are 
characteristic of mirth in the human species, — 2. In poetry, 
to be gay ; to appear gay, cheerful, pleasant, lively or 
brilliant.— T'o laugh at, to ridicule ; to treat with some 
degree of contenipt. — To laugh to scorn, to deride; to 
treat with mockery, contempt and scorn. 

LAUGH, (lalf) 7!. An expression of mirth peculiar to the 
human species. 

LATJGH'A-BLE, (liiffa-bl) a. That may justly excite laugh- 
ter, 

LaUGH-AND-LAY-DOWN, m. A game at cards. Skelton. 

LAUGH'ER, (laffer) n. One who laughs, or is fond of 
merriment. Pope. 

LAUGHING, (laf fing) ppr. Expressing mirth in a particular 
manner. 

LAUGH'ING-LY, (laf fing-ly) adv. In a merry way ; with 
laughter. 

LAUGH'ING-STOCK, n. An object of ridicule. 

LAUGH'TER, (lafFter) n. Convulsive merriment; an ex- 
pression of mirth peculiar to man, 

LAUGH'WoR-THY, a. Deserving to be laughed at, 

LAU'MON-lTE, n. Efflorescent zeolite. 

LAUNCH. See. Lanch. 

fLAUND, 71. A lawn. CJiaucer. 

LAtTND'ER, (land-er) n. [from L. lavo.] A washer-wom- 
an ; also a long and hollow trough, used by miners to 
receive the powdered ore from the box where it is beaten. 

LAUND'ER, (land'er) v. t. To wash; to wet. Shale. 

LAUND'ER-ER, (land'er-er) n. A man who follows the 
business of washing clothes. Butler. 

LAUN'DRESS, (lan'dres) n. [Fr. lavandiere.] A washer- 
woman ; a female whose employment is to wash clothes. 

LAUN'DRESS, (lan'dres) v. i. To practice washing. 

LAUN'DRY, (lan'dry) n. [Sp, lavudero.] 1. A washmg, 

2. The place or room where clothes are washed. 
LAU'RE-ATE, a. [L, laureatus.] Decked or invested 

with laurel, — Poet laureate, in Oreat Britain, an officer 
of the king's hoUseliold, whose business is to compose an 
ode annually for the king's birth-day, and for the new 
year, 

LAU'RE-ATE, v. t. To honor with a degree in the univer- 
sity, and a present of a wreath of laurel. Warton. 

LAU'RE-A-TED, pp. Honored with a degree and a laurel 
wreath, 

LAU-RE-A'TION, n. The act of conferring a degree in the 
university, together with a wreath of laurel. 

*LAU'REL, n. [Jj.laurus.] The bay-tree or Zffliimw. 

* LAU'RELED, a. Crowned or decorated with laurel, or 
with laurel wreath ; laureate. 

LAU-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. loMrus and fero.] Producing 

or bringing laurel. 
LAU'RUS-TIN, 
LAUS'KRAUT, 



r, n. [L. laumstinus.] A plant. 
% 71. [G. I'dusekraut.'] A plant. 



♦ jee Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— B^LL, UNJTE.— € as K j 6 as J i S as Z i CH as BH i TH as in this, ^Obsolete 



LAW 



488 



LAY 



JLAU'TU, 71. A band of cotton, twisted and worn on the 
head of ihe inca of Peru, as a badge of royalty. 

* LA'VA, ?t. [It. laua.] 1. A mass or stream of melted min- 
erals or stony matter which bursts or is thrown from the 
mouth or sides of a volcano. 2. The same matter when 
cool and hardened. 

LA-Va'TION, n. [It. lavatiot] A washing or cleansing. 

Li^y'A-TO-RY, n. [See Lave.] 1. A place for washing. 
2.; A wash or lotion for a diseased part. 3. A place where 
gQld is obtained by washing. 

LAVE, V. t. [Fr. laver ; L. lavo.] To wash ; to bathe. 

LAVE, V. i. To bathe ; to wash one's self. Pope. 

t LAVE, V. t. [Fr. lever.] To throw up or out 3 to lade out. 

Lave, «. The remainder or leaving. Grose. 

t LaVE'eARED, a. Having large, pendent ears. Bp. Hall. 

LA-VEEE,', V. t. [Fr. louvoyer.] In seamen^s language, to 
tack ; to sail back and forth. 

LAV'EN-DER, n. [L. lavendula.] A plant. 

La'VER, n. [Fr. lavoir.] A vessel for washing 3 a large 

' basin. 

LAV'ER-0€K. See Lark. 

Laving, ppr. Washing 3 bathing. 

LAVISH, a. 1. Prodigal 3 expending or bestowing with 
profusion 3 profuse. 2. Wasteful 3 expending without 
necessity 3 liberal to a fault. 3. Wild 3 unrestrained. 

LAVISH, V. t. 1. To expend or bestow with profusion. 2. 
To waste 5 to expend without necessity or use 3 to squander. 

LAVISHED, pp. Expended profusely 3 wasted. 

LAVISH-ER, n. A prodigal 3 a profuse person. 

LAV'ISH-ING, ppr. Expending or laying out with profu- 
sion 3 wasting. 

LAV'ISH-LY, adv. With profuse expense 5 prodigally 3 
wastefiilly. Dryden. Pope. 

LAVISH-MENT, ) or- a^-. c 

LAVISH-NESS 1 ^' Profusion 5 prodigality. Spenser. 

LA-VOL'TA, n. [It. la volta.] An old dance in which 
were much turning and capering. Shak. 

LAW, n. [Sax. laga, lage, lag, or lah ; Sw. lag ; Dan. lov ; 
It. legge 5 Sp. Icy ; Fr. loL] 1. A rule, particularly, an 
established or permanent rule, prescribed by the supreme 
power of a state. — 2. Municipal law is a rule of civil con- 
duct prescribed by the supreme power of a state, com- 
manding what its subjects are to do, and prohibiting 
what they are to forbear 3 a statute.— 3. Law of nature is 
a rule of conduct arising out of the natural relations of 
human beings established by the Creator, and existing 
prior to any positive precept.— 4. Laws of animal nature, 
the inherent principles by which the economy and func- 
tions of animal bodies are performed.— 5. Laws of vegeta- 
tion, the principles by which plants are produced. — 6. 
Physical laws, or laios of nature. The invariable tendency 
or determination of any species of matter to a particular 
form with definite properties, and tlie determination of a 
body to certain motions, changes, and relations, which 
uniformly take place in the same circumstances, is called 
a physical law. — 7. Laws of nations, the rules that regulate 
the mutual intercourse of nations or states.— 8. Moral 
law, a law which prescribes to men their religious and 
social duties.— 9. Ecclesiastical law, a rule of action pre- 
scribed for the government of a church 3 otherwise called 
caiion law. — 10. Written law, a law or rule of action pre- 
scribed or enacted by a sovereign, and promulgated and 
recorded in writing.— 11. Unwritten or common law, a rule 
of action which derives its authority from long usage, or 
established custom.— 12. By-law, a law of a city, town or 
private corporation 3 [see By.]— 13. Mosaic laic, the insti- 
tutions of Moses.— 14. Ceremonial law, the Mosaic institu- 
tions which prescribe the external rites and ceremonies. 
15. A rule of direction 5 a directory 3 as reason and nat- 
ural conscience. 16 That which governs or has a ten- 
dency to rule. 17. The word of God 3 the doctrines and 
precepts of God, or his revealed will. 18. The Old 
Testament. 19. The institutions of Moses, as distinct 
from the other parts of the Old Testament 3 as the law 
and the prophets. 20. A rule or axiom of science or art 3 
settled principle.— 21. Law martial, or martial law, the 
rules ordained for the government of an army or military 
force.— 22. Marine laws, rules for the regulation of navi- 
gation, and the commercial intercourse of nations.— 23. 
Commercial law, law-merchant, the system of rules by 
which trade and commercial intercourse ate regulated 
between merchants. 24. Judicial process 3 prosecution 
of right in courts of law. Spectator. 25. Jurisprudence. 
Civil lain, criminal law ; [see Civil and Criminal.]- iaws 
of honor ; [see Honor.] Law Zano-itao-e, the language used 
in legal writings and forms, particularly, the Norman dia- 
lect, or Old French, which was used in judicial proceed- 
ings from the days of William the Conqueror to the 36th 
year of Edward III. — Wager of law. a species of trial 
formerly used in England. 

LAW'-BREaK-ER, n. One who violates the law. 

LAW-DAY, n. 1. A day of open court. Shak. 2. A leet 
or sheriff's tourn. 

LAWFUL, a. 1. Agreeable to law 5 conformable to law 5 



allowed by law 3 legal 3 legitimate. 2. Constituted oy 
law 3 rightful. 

LAW'FUL-LY, adv. Legally ; in accordance with law , 
without violating law. 

LAW'Ft L-NESS, n. The quality of being conformable to 
law 5 legality. 

LAWGIV-ER, n. [law and give.] One who makes or enacts 
a law 3 a legislator. Swift. 

LAW'GIV-ING, a. Making or enacting laws 3 legislative. 

LAW'ING, n. Expeditation 3 the act of cutting oflfthe claws 
and balls of the fore feet of mastiffs. 

LAWLESS, a. 1. Not subject to law 3 unrestrained bylaw. 
2. Contrary to law 5 illegal 3 unauthorized. 3. Not sub- 
ject to the ordinary laws of nature 5 uncontrolled. 

LAW'LESS-LY, adv. In a manner contrary to law. Shak. 

LAW'LESS-NESS, n. The quality or state of being unre- 
strainedby law 3 disorder. Spenser. 

LAW'-MA-KER, n. One who enacts or ordains laws 3 a 
legislator 3 a lawgiver. 

LAW'-M6N-GER, u. A low dealer in law 5 a pettifogger. 

LAWN, n. [W. llan.] An open space between woods, or a 
plain in a park or adjoining a noble seat. 

LAWN, n. [Fr. linon.] A sort of fine linen, used in the 
sleeves of bishops. 

LAWN, a. Made of lawn. 

LAWN'Y, a. 1. Level, like a lawn. 2. Made of lawn. 

LAW'SuIT, n. A suit in law for the recovery of a supposed 
right 3 a process in law instituted by a party to compel 
another to do him justice. 

LAW'YER, n. [that is, lawer, contracted from law-toer, 
'iaic-man.] One versed in the laws, or a practitioner of 
law 5 one whose profession is to institute suits in courts 
of law, and to prosecute or defend the cause of clients. 

LAW'YER-LiKE, a. Like a real lawyer. 

LAW'YER-LY, a. Judicial. MUton. 

LAX, a. [L. laxus.] 1. Loose 3 flabby 3 soft 3 not tense, 
firm or rigid. 2. Slack 3 not tight or tense. 3. Not firm- 
ly united 3 of loose texture. 4. Not rigidly exact. 5. Not 
strict. 6. Loose in the bowels 3 having too frequent dis- 
charges. 

LAX, ?i. 1. A looseness 3 diarrhea. 2. [Sax. Lbx.] A spe- 
cies of fish or salmon 3 [not in use.] 

LAX-A'TION, n. [L. laxatio.] The act of loosening 3 or the 
state of being loose or slackened. 

LAX'A-TiVE, a. [Fr. lazatif.] Having the power or quali- 
ty of loosening or opening the bowels, and relieving from 
constipation. 

LAX'A-TlVE, n. A medicine that relaxes the bowels and 
relieves from costiveness 3 a gentle purgative. 

LAX'A-TiVE-NESS, 11. The quality of relaxing. 

LAX'I-TY, n. [L. laxitas.] ' ' 

Looseness of texture. 3. \Vant of exactness or precision. 
4. Looseness 3 defect of exactness. 5. Looseness, as of 
the bowels. 6. Openness 5 not closeness. 

LAX'LY, ado. Looselv ; without exactness. Rees. 

LAX'NESS, n. 1. Looseness 3 softness 3 flabbiness. 2. Lax- 
ity. 3. Looseness. 4. Slackness, as of a cord. 

LAY, pret. of he. 

LAY, V. t. ; prei. and pp. laid. [Sax. lecgan, legan ; D. leg- 
gen..] 1. Literally, to throw down 3 hence, to put or place. 

2. To beat down 3 to prostrate. 3. To settle 5 to fix and 
keep from rising. 4. To place in order 3 to dispose with 
regularity in building. 5. To spread on a surface. 6. To 
spread or set. 7. To calm 3 to appease 3 to still 3 to allay. 
8. To quiet 3 to still 3 to restrain from walking. 9. To 
spread and set in order 5 to prepare. ]0. To place in the 
earth for growth. 11. To place at hazard 3 to wage 3 to 
stake. 12. To bring forth 5 to exclude. 13. To add 5 to 
join. 14. To put 5 to apply. 15. To assess 3 to charge 3 
to impose. 16. To charges to impute. 17. To impose, 
as evil, burden, or punishment. 18. To enjoin as a duty. 
19. To exhibit ; to present or offer. 20. To prostrate 3 to 
slay. 21. To depress and lose sight of, by sailing or de- 
parting from. 22. To station 5 to set. 23. To contrive; 
to scheme 3 to plan. 

To lay a cable, to twist or unite the strands.-' 7*0 lay apart, 
to put away 3 to reject. — To lay aside. 1. To put off or 
away 3 not to retain. 2. To discontinue.— To lay away, 
to reposit in store 3 to put aside for preservation.— 7*0 lay 
before, to exhibit 3 to show 5 to present to view.— To lay 
by. 1. To reserve for future use. 2. To put away 3 to 
dismiss. 3. To put off.— To lay down. 1. To deposit, as a 
pledge, equivalent or satisfaction 5 to resign. 2. To give 
up 3 to resign 3 to quit or relinquish. 3. To quit 3 to sur- 
render the use of. 4. To offer or advance.— To lay one^s 
self down, to commit to repose. — To lay hold of, to seize ; 
to catch. To lay hold on, is used in a like sense.— T'o lay 
in, to store 3 to treasure 5 to provide previously. — To lay 
on, to apply with force 3 to inflict. — To lay open, to open 5 
to make bare 3 to uncover 5 also, to show 5 to expose 3 to 
reveal. — To lay over, to spread over 3 to incrust 3 to cover 
the surface.— ro lay out. 1. To expends as, to layout 
money, or sums of money. 2. To display 3 to discover 

3. To plan 3 to dispose in order the several parts. 4. T( 



See Synopsis. A, fi, I, O, U Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WH^T j— PREY ; PIN, MARINE, BIRD j— t Obsolete. 



LEA 



489 



LEA 



dress in grave clothes, and place in a decent posture. 5. 
To exert. — To lay to. 1. To charge upon ; to impute. 2. 
To apply with vigor. 3. To attack or harass ; [obs.] 4. 
To check the motion of a ship, and cause her to be sta- 
tionary. — To lay together^ to collect : to bring to one place ; 
also, to bring into one view. — To lay to heart, to permit to 
affect greatly. — To lay under, to s-ubject to. — To lay up, 

1. To store ; to treasure ; to reposit for future use. 2. To 
confine to the bed or chamber. — To lay siege, to besiege ; 
to encompass with an army. — To lay wait, to station for 
private attack ; to lay in ambush for.— To lay the course, 
in sailing, is to sail, towards the port intended, without 
gibing. — To lay waste, to destroy ; to desolate ; to deprive 
of inhabitants, improvements and productions. — To lay 
the land, in seameji^s language, is to cause the land ap- 
parently to sink or appear lower by sailmg from it ; the 
distance diminishing the elevation. 

'tAY, V. i, 1. To bring or produce eggs. 2. To contrive ; 
to form a scheme ; [unusual.] — To lay about, to strike or 
throw the arms on all sides ; to act with vigor. — To lay at, 
to strike, or to endeavor to strike. — To lay infer, to make 
overtures for ; to engage or secure the possession of. — To 
lay on. 1. To strike ; to beat ; to deal blows incessantly 
and with vehemence. 2. To act with vehemence ; used 
of expenses. Shak. — To lay out. 1. To purpose; to intend. 

2. To take measures. — To lay upon, to importune ; [obs.] 
•jAY, 71. 1. That which lies or is laid ; a row ; a stratum ; 

a layer ; one rank in a series reckoned upward. 2. A 
bet j a v/ager ; [little used.] 3. Station ; rank ; [obs.] 

'jAY, n. [Sax. leag, leah, lege.] A meadow ; a plain or 
plat of grass land. 

jAY, n. [Sax. legh, or ley.] A song 3 as a loud or soft lay. 
Milton. 

LAY, a. [Fr. lai ; L. laicvs.] Pertaining to the laity or peo- 
ple, as distinct from the clergy ,• not clerical. 

LAY-€LERK', n. A vocal officiate in a cathedral. 

LaY'ER, (la'er) n. 1. A stratum ; a bed ; a body spread 
over another. 2. A shoot or twig of a plant, not detached 
from the stock, laid under ground for growth or propaga- 
tion. 3. A hen that lays eggs. 

LaY'ER out, n. One who expends money ; a steward. 

LaY'ER up, n. One who reposits for future use ; a treas- 
urer. 

LaY'ING, ppr. Putting ; placing ; applying ; imputing 5 
wagering. 

LaY'LAND, 71. Land lying untilled ; fallow ground. 

LaY'MAN, n. 1. A man who is not a clergyman ; one of 
the laity or people, disimct from the clergy. 2. An image 
u sed by painters in contriving attitudes. 3. A lay-clerk. 

LaY'STALL, 71. [lay and stall.] A heap of dung, or a place 
where dung is laid. Ash. 

La'ZAR, 7!. [from Lazarus ; Sp. lazaro.] A person infected 
with nauseous and pestilential disease. Dryden. 

LAZ-A-RET', ; 71. [It. lazzeretto ; Fr. lazaret.] A public 

LAZ-A-RET'TO, \ building, hospital or pest-house for the 
reception of diseased persons, particularly for those affect- 
ed with contagious distempers. 

La'ZAR-HOUSE, n. A lazaretto ; also, a hospital for quar- 
antine. 

Ll'lARri?^' i "• Full of sores; leprous. Bp. Hall. 

Lk'ZAR-WoRT, or La'SER-"V^^6RT, n. Laserpitium, a 
genus of plants of several species. 

LAZE, 7;. I. To live in idleness. [Vulgar.] 

LAZE, V. t. To waste in sloth. [ Vulgar.] 

La'ZI-LY, adv. In a heavy, sluggish manner; sluggishly. 

La'ZI-NESS, 71. The state or quality of being lazy ; indis- 
position to action or exertion ; indolence ; sluggishness ; 
heaviness in motion ; habitual sloth. — Laziness differs 
from idleness ; the latter being a mere defect or cessation 
of action, but laziness is sloth, with natural or habitual 
disinclination to action. 2. Slowness ; tardiness. 

La'ZING, a. Spending time in sluggish inaction. 

LAZ'U-LI. Lapis lazuli is a mineral of a fine, azure-blue 
color, usually amorphous. Cleaveland. 

LAZ'U-LITE, 71. A mineral of a light, indigo-blue color. 

La'ZY, a. [G. lass, Idssig.] 1. Disinclined to action or exer- 
tion ; naturally or habitually slothful ; sluggish ; indolent ; 
averse to labor ; heavy in motion. 2. Slow ; moving 
slowly or apparently with labor. 

LD, stands for lord. 

LkA, or LEY, (le) 77. A meadow or plain. 

LeACH, v. t. [Sw. laka.] To wash, as ashes, by percola- 
tion, or causmg water to pass through them, and thus 
^o separate from them the alkali. 

LeACH, 77. A quantity of wood-ashes, through which wa- 
ter passes, and thus imbibes the alkali. 

LeACH'TUB, 77. A wooden vessel or tub in which ashes 
are leached. It is sometimes written letch-tub. 

LEAD, (led) 7i. [Sax. lad.] 1. A metal of a dull white color, 
with a cast of blue. 2. A plummet or mass of lead, used 
in sounding at sea. — 3. Leads, a flat roof covered with 
lead. — nOiite lend, the oxyd of lead, ground with one 
third part of chalk. 



LEAD, (led) v.t. To cover with lead ; to fit with lead. 

Lead, v. t. ; pret. and pp. led. [Sax. l(Bda7i ; G. leiten ; D 
I'Meyu] 1. To guide by the hand. 2. To guide or con- 
duct by showing the way ; to direct. 3. To conduct to 
any place. 4. To conduct, as a chief or commander, im- 
plying authority ; to direct and govern. 5. To precede ; 
to introduce by going first. 6. To guide ; to show the 
method of attaining an object. 7. To draw ; to entice-i; 
to allure. 8. To induce ; to prevail on ; to influence. 9. 
To pass ; to spend, that is, to draw out. — To lead astray, 
to guide in a wrong way or into error ; to seduce from 
truth or rectitude. — To lead captive, to carry into captivity. 

Lead, v. L I. To go before and show the way. 2. To con- 
duct, as a chief or commander. 3. To draw ; to have a 
tendency to. 4. To exercise dominion. — To lead off or 
out, to go first, to begin. 

Lead, 77. Precedence ; a going before ; guidance. 

LEAD'EN, (led'n) a. 1. Made of lead. 2. Heavy ; indis- 
posed to action . 3. Heavy ; dull. 

LEAD'EN-HEART'ED, a. Stupid; destitute of feeling. 

LEAD'EN-HEELED, a. Moving slowly. Ford. 

LEAD'EN-STEP'PING, a. Moving slowly. Milton. 

LeAD'ER, 71. 1. One that leads or conducts ; a guide ; a 
conductor. 2. A chief; a commander; a captain. 3. 
One who goes first. 4. The chief of a party or faction. 
5. A performer who leads a band or choir in nmsic. 

LeAD'ING, p;)?-. 1. Guiding ; conducting ; preceding ; draw- 
ing ; alluring ; passing life. 2. a. Chief; principal ; cap- 
ital ; most influential. 3. Showing the way by going 
first. 

LeAD'ING, 71. Guidance ; the act of conducting ; direc- 
tion. 

LeAD'ING-STRINGS, 71. Strings by which children are 
supported when begmning to walk. Dryden.— To he in 
leading strings, to be in a state of infancy or dependence^ 
or^in pupilage under the guidance of others. 

t LeAD'MAN, 77. One who begins or leads a dance. 

LEAD'WoRT, (led'wurt) 77. Plumbago, a genus of plants. 

LEAD'Y, (led'dy) a. Of the color of lead. 

Leaf, 71. ,• plu. Leaves. [Sax. leafe.] 1. In botany, leaves 
are organs of perspiration and inhalation in plants. 2. 
The thin, extended part of a flower ; a petal. 3. A part of a 
book containing two pages. 4. The side of a double door. 
5. Something resembling a leaf in thinness and extension ; 
a very thin plate. 6. The movable side of a table. 

Leaf, v. 7. To shoot out leaves ; to produce leaves. 

LeAF'AGE, 77. Abundance of leaves. 

Leafed, pp. Having leaves. 

LeAF'LESS, a. Destitute of leaves. Pope. 

LeAF'LET, 77. I. A little leaf.— 2. In botany, one of the 
divisions of a compound leaf; a foliole. 

LeAF'-STALK, 77. The petiole or stalk which supports a 
leaf. MarUjn. 

LeAF'Y, a. Full of leaves ; as, the leafy forest. Dryden. 

League, (leeg) 77. [Fr. ligue ; It. lega.] 1. An alliance or 
confederacy between princes or states for their mutual 
aid or defense ; a national contract or compact. 2. A 
combination or union of two or more parties for the pur- 
pose of maintaining friendship and promoting their mutual 
interest, or for executing any design in concert. 

League, (leeg) V. i. 1. Tc unite, as princes or states in a 
contract of amity for mutual aid or defense ; to confed- 
erate. 2. To unite or confederate, as private persons for 
mutual aid. 

League, (leeg) 77. [Sp. Ugua ; It. lega ; Fr. lieue.] 1. Orig- 
inally, a stone erected on the public roads, at certain dis- 
tances, in tlie manner of the modern mile-stones. 2. The 
distance between two stones. With the E7iglish and 
Americans, a league is the length of three miles." 

Leagued, pp. United in mutual compact ; confederated. 

LeAGU'ER, (lee'ger) 77. One who unites in a league ; a 
confederate. 

LeAGU'EE, 71. [D. beleggeren.] Siege; investmeni of a 
town or fort by an army. [Little used.] Shak. 

Leak, n. [D. lek ; G. leek.] I. A crack, crevice, fissure or 
hole in a vessel, that admits water, or permits a fluid to 
escape. 2. The oozing or passing of water or other fluid 
or liquor through a crack, fissure or aperture. — To sjjring 
a leak, is to open or crack so as to let in water ; to begin 
to let in water. 

fLEAK, a. Leaky. Spenser. 

LEAK, V. i. To let water or other liquor into or out of a 
vessel, through a hole or crevice in the vessel. — To leak 
out, to find vent ; to escape privately. 

LevVK'AGE, 77. LA leaking ; or the quantity of a liquor 
that enters or issues by leaking. 2. An allowance, in 
commerce, of a certam rate per cent, for the leaking of 
casks. 

LeAK'Y, a. 1. That admits water or other liquor to pass in 
or out. 2. Apt to disclose secrets ; tattling ; not close. 

LeAM'ER, 77. A dog; a kind of hound. 

Lean, «>.7. [Saj.hlinian,hleo7iian.] 1. To deviate or move 
from a straight or perpendicular line ; or to be in a po- 
sition thus deviating. 2. To incline or propend ; to tend 



' See Sijnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;- -BULL, UNITE— € as K 5 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



LEA 



490 



LEC 



toward. 3. To bend or incline so as to rest on some- 
tljing. 4. To bend ; to be in a bending posture. 

Lean, v.t. ]. To incline J to cause to lean. Sliak. 2. [Ice. 
luna,] To conceal ; [obs.] Ray. 

LeAjV, a. [Sax. Ic^ne, or Mane.] 1. Wanting flesh ; meager ; 
»ot fat. 2. Not ricli ; destitute of good qualities ; bare ; 
uarren. 3. Low ; poor ; in opposition to rich or great ; 
[unusual.] 4. Barren of tliought ; destitute of that which 
improves or entertains ; jejune. 

Lean, n. Tliat part of flesh which consists of muscle with- 
out the fat. Farquhar, 

LeAN'LY, adv. Meagerly ; without fat or plumpness. 

LeAN'NESS, n. 1. Destitution of fat ; want of fiesh ; thin- 
ness of body; meagerness. 2. Wantof matter ; poverty; 
emptiness. — 3. In Scripture, wa.nl of grace and spiritual 
comfort. 

Lean 'TO, n. The part of a building which appears to lean 
upon another. Pick. Focab. 

fLEAN'Y, a. Alert; brisk; active. Spenser. 

* Leap, v. i. [Sax. hleapan.] 1. To spring or rise from the 
ground with both feet, as man, or witJi all the feet, as other 
animals; to jump; to vault, 2. To spring or move 
suddenly. 3. To rush with violence. 4. To spring ; to 
bound ; to skip. 5. To fly ; to start. 

*LeAP, v. t. 1. To pass over by leaping ; to spring or bound 
from one side to the other. 2. To compress. 

*LeAP, 71. 1. A jump; a spring; a bound ; act of leaping. 
2. Space passed by leaping. 3. A sudden transition or 
passing. Swij't. 4. TJie space that may be passed at a 
bound. 5. Embrace of animals. 6. Hazard, or eflect of 
leaping. 7. A basket; a weel for fish ; [obs.] 

LeAP'EE., ?i. One that leaps. A horse is called a good 
]_eaper. 

LeAP'-FROG, 11, A play of children, in which they imi- 
tate the leap of frogs. S!iak. 

LeAP'ING, ppr. Jumping ; springing ; bounding ; skip- 
ping 

LeAP'ING-LY, adv. By leaps, Huloet. 

LeAP'YeAR, 71. Bissextile, a year containing 366 days ; 
every fourth year, which leaps over a day more thaji a 
common year. 

LEARN, (lern) v. t. [Sax. leomian ; G, lernen ; D. leeren.] 

1. To gain knowledge of; to acquire knowledge or ideas 
ofsomething before unknown. 2. To acquire skill in any 
thin^ ; to gain by practice a faculty of performing. 3, To 
teach ; to communicate the knowledge of something be- 
fore unknown ; [improper.] Sliak. 

LEARN, (lern) v. i. 1, To gain or receive knowledge ; to 
receive instruction ; to take pattern ; with uf. 2. To 
receive information or intelhgence. 

LEARN'ED, (lernd) \pp. Obtained as knowledge or infor- 

LEARNT, (lernt) \ mation. 

LEARN'ED, (lern'ed) a. 1. Versed in literature and science. 

2. Skillful ; well acquainted with arts ; knowing ; with 
ill. 3. Containing learning 4, Versed in scholastic, as 
distinct from other knowledge, — The learned, learned 
men ; men of erudition ; literati 

LEARN'ED-LY, (lern'ed-ly) adv. With learning or eru- 
dition ; with skill. Swift. 

LEARN'ED-NESS, n. State of being learned. Abp. Laud. 

LEARN'ER, (lern'er) n. A person who is gaining knowl- 
edge from instruction, from reading or study, or by other 
means ; one who is in the rudiments of any science or 
art. 

LEARN'ING, (lern'ing) ppr. Gaining knowledge by in- 
struction or reading, by study, by experience or observa- 
tion ; acquiring skill by practice. 

fiEARN'ING, (lern'ing) n. 1. The knowledge of principles 
or facts received by instruction or study ; acquired knowl- 
edge or ideas in any branch of science or literature ; eru- 
dition ; literature ; science. 2. Knowledge acquired by 
experience, experiment or observation. 3. Skill in any 
thing good or bad. 

LeAS A-BLE, a. That may be leased. Sherwood. 

Lease, n. [Fr. laisser.] ]. A demise or letting of lands, 
tenements or hereditaments to another for life, for a term 
of years, or at will, for a rent or compensation reserved ; 
also, the contract for such letting. 2. Any tenure by 
grant or permission. 

Lease, v. t. [Fr. lalsser.] To let ; to demise ; to grant the 
temporary possession of lands, tenements or hereditaments 
tq_ another for a rent reserved. 

t Lease, (leez) ». i. [Sax. lesan.] To glean ; to gather 
what harvest men have left. Dryden. 

LEASED,_pp. Demised or let, as lands or tenements, 

LeASE'HoLD, a. Held by lease. Swift. 

LeA.S'ER, 71. A gleaner ; a gatherer after reapers. 

♦LeASH, 71. [Fr. laisse, lesse.] 1. A thong of leather, or 
long line by which a falconer holds his hawk, or a cours- 
er his dog. — 2. Among sportsmen, a brace and a half; 
tierce; three; three creatures of any kind, especially 
grayhounds, foxes, bucks and hares. 3. A band where- 
with to tie any thing. Boyle. 

LeASH, v. t. To bind ; to hold by a string. Shak. 



j LeAS'ING, n. [Sax leasunge.] Falsehood ; lies. 

fLEAS'oW, w. [Sax. Imswe.] A pasture. Wickliffe 

Least, a. [superl. of Sax. Ices, less, contracted from Imsest. 
It cannot be regularly formed from little.] Smallest ; ]itt!e. 
beyond others, either in size or degree.— Zeast is often 
used without the neun to which it refers. 

Least, adv. l. in the smallest or lowest degree ; in a de- 
gree below all others.— ./3i least, or at the least. 1. To say 
no more ; not to demand or affirm more than is barely suf- 
ficient ; at the lowest degree. 2. To say no more.— The 
least, in the smallest Aegiee.— At leastwise, in the sense 
of at least, is obsolete. 

LeAS'Y, a. Thin ; flimsy. It is usually pronounced slea- 
zy. Ascham. 

LeAT, n. [Sax. Ixt.] A trench to conduct water to or from 
a mill. 

LEATH'ER, ) n. [Sax. lether ; G., D. leder. The latter or- 

LETH'ER, \ thography is more accordant with etymol- 
ogy.] 1. Th(3 skin of an animal dressed and prepared for 
use. 2. Dressed hides in general.' 3. Skin ; in an iron- 
ical sense. 

LEATH'ER, a. Leathern; consisting of leather. 

LEATH'ER, v. t. To beat ; to lash, as with a thong of 
leather ; a low word 

LEATH'ER, or LETH'ER, v. i. [Sax. hleothrian.] To pro- 
ceed with noise or violence ; to push forward eagerly; a 
low expression. 

LEATH'ER-€oAT, 7!. An apple with a tough rind. 

LEATH'£R-DRESS-ER, n. One who dresses leather ; one 
who prepares hides for use. Pope. 

LEATH'ER-JA€K-ET, n. A fish of the Pacific ocean. 

LEATH'ER-MOUTHED, a. "By leather-mouthed fish, I 
mean such as have their teeth in their throat, as the 
chub," Walton. 

LEATH'ERN, a. Made of leather ; consisting of leather, 

LEx\TH'ER-SELL-ER, n. A seller or dealer in leather. 

LEATH'ER-WIx"«fGED, a. Having wings like leather* 
Spenser, 

LEATH'ER-Y, a. Resembling leather ; tough. Grew. 

Leave, n. [Sax. Zea/, Ze/e.] 1. Permission; allowance; 
license ; liberty granted by which restraint or illegality is 
removed. 2, Farewell; adieu; ceremony of departure; 
a formal parting of friends ; used chiefly in the phrase to 
take leave. 

Leave, v. t. ; pret, and pp, left. [Sax. Iwfan,] 1. To 
withdraw or depart from ; to quit for a longer or shorter 
time indefinitely, or for perpetuity. 2, To forsake; to 
desert; to abandon; to relinquish, 3, To suffer to re- 
main ; not to take or remove. 4. To have remaining at 
death. 5. To commit or trust to, as a deposit ; or to suffer 
to remain. 6. To bequeath ; to give by will. 7. To per- 
mit without interposition. 8. To cease to do; to desist 
from ; to forbear. 9. To refer ; to commit for decision. — 
To be left to one's self, to be deserted or forsaken ; to be 
permitted to follow one's own opinions or desires. — To 
leave off. 1. To desist from ; to forbear. 2. To cease 
wearing. 3. To forsake. — To leave out, to omit. 

Leave, v. i. To cease ; to desist. — To leave off, to cease ; 
to_desist ; to stop. 

t Leave, v. t. [Fr. lever.] To raise. Spenser. 

Leaved, a. [fiom leaf; but leafed would be preferable.] 

1. Furnished with foliage or leaves. 2. Having a leaf, or 
made with leaves or folds. 

LEAVEN, (lev'n) n. [Fr. levain.] 1. A mass of sour 
dough, which, mixed with a larger quantity of dough or 
paste, produces fermentation in it, and renders it light. 

2. Any thing which makes a general change in the mass. 
LEAVEN, (lev'n) v. t. 1. To excite fermentation in ; to 

raise and make light, as dough. 2 To taint ; to imbue. 
Prior. 

LEAVENED, (lev'vnd) pp. Raised and made light by fer- 
mentation. 

LEAVEN-ING, (lev'vn-ing) ppr. Making light by fermen- 
tation. 

LEAVEN-ING, (lev'vn-ing) n. That which leavens. 

LEAVEN-OUS, (lev'vn-us) a. Containing leaven ; tainted. 

Leaver, n. one who leaves ; one who forsakes. 

Leaves, -n. plu. of leaf. 

LeAVI-NESS, n. State ofbeing full of leaves. 

Leaving, ppr, Quitting ; withdrawing from ; relinquish, 
ing ; suffering to remain ; ceasing ; desisting from. 

Leavings, n, plu. l. Things left; remnant; relics. 2. 
Refuse ; offal. Swift. 

LeAVY, a. Full of leaves; covered with leaves. [An 
improper word ; it ought to be leafy,] Shak. 

t LECH, for lick. See Lick. 

LECH'ER, n. [It. lecco j G. lecken.] A man given to lewd- 
ness. 

LECH'ER, V. i. To practice lewdness ; to indulge lust. 

LECH'ER-OUS, a. 1. Addicted to lewdness; prone to in- 
dulge lust ; lustful ; lewd. 2. Provoking lust. 

LECH'ER-OUS-LY, adv. Lustfully ; lewdly. 

liECH'ER-OUS-NESS, n. Lust, or strong propensity to in- 
dulge the sexual appetite. 



See Synopsis., . A, E, I, 0, C, IT, Zow^.—FAE, FALL, WH^T ;— PEgY j— PiNj MAElJ^Ej SiRD j— f ObmleU. 



i.EE 



491 



LEG 



LECH'ER-Y, n. Lewdness; free indulgence of lust ; prac- 
tice of indulging the animal appetite. Shak. 

LEC'TION, n. [L. lectio.] 1. A reading. 2. A difference 
or variety in copies of a manuscript or book. 3. A lesson 
or portion of Scripture read in divine service. 

LE€'TION-A-RY, n. The Komish service-book, containing 
portions of Scripture. 

LE€T'URE, 71. [Fr. lecture ; L. lectura.] 1. A discourse 
read or pronounced on any subject ; usually, a formal or 
methodical discourse, intended for instruction. 2. A 
reading ; the act or practice of reading ; [little used.] 3. 
A magisterial reprimand ; a formal reproof. 4. A recita- 
tion ; rehearsal of a lesson. 

LE€T'UE,E, v.i. 1. To read or deliver a formal discourse. 
2. To practice reading lectures for instruction. 

LE€T'UKE, V. t. 1. To instruct by discourses. 2. To in- 
struct dogmatically or authoritatively ; to reprove. 

LEeT'(JB,-ER, n. 1. One w^ho reads or pronounces lec- 
tures ; a professor or an instructor who delivers formal 
discourses for the instruction of others. 2. A preacher in 
a church, hired by ,the parish to assist the rector, vicar 
or curate. 

LEeT'URE-SHIP, n. The office of a lecturer. 

LE€T'UR-ING, ppr. Reading or delivering a discourse ; 
reproving. 

t LECT'URN, n. A reading desk. Chaucer. 

LED, pret. and pp. of lead. 

LED'-€AP-TAIN, n. [led arid captain.] A humble attend- 
ant ; a favorite that follows as if led by a string. 

LED'-HORSE, n. A sumpter horse. 

■f LED'EN, n. [Sax. lyden.] Language ; true meaning. 

LEDGE, 7t. [Sax. leger.] 1. A stratum, layer or row. 2. 
A ridge; a prominent row. 3. A prominent part; a reg- 
ular part rising or projecting beyond the rest. 4. A small 
molding. 5. A small piece of timber placed athwait 
ships, under the deck between the beams. C. A long 
ridge of rocks near the surface of the sea. 

LED6'ER, n. The principal book of accounts among mer- 
chants ; the book into which the accounts of the journal 
are carried in a summary form. 

LEE, n. ; flu. Lees. [Fr. lie.] Dregs ; sediment. SefiLEEs. 

LEE, 11. [Sw. la ; Dan. Z«.] Literally, a calm or sheltered 
place, a^ace defended from the wind ; hence, that part 
of the hemisphero towards which the wind blows, as op- 
posed to that from which it proceeds. — Under the lee 
denotes, properly, in the part defended from the wind. — 
Under the lee of the land is, properly, near the shore which 
breaks the force of the wind. — Under the lee of a ship, on 
the side opposite to that on which the wind blows. 

t LEE, V. i. To lie. [See Lie.] Chaucer. 

LEE'-BoARD, n. A frame of plank affixed to the side of a 
flat-botlonied vessel, to prevent it from falling to leeward 
when close-hauled. 

LEE'-GAGE, 71. A greater distance from the point whence 
the wind blows, than another vessel has. 

LEE'-LURCH, n. A sudden and violent roll of a ship to 
leeward in a high sea. 

LEE'-SHORE, n. The shore under the lee of a ship, or that 
towards which the wind blows. 

LEE'-SIDE, n. The side of a ship or boat farthest from the 
point whence the wind bloWs ; opposed to the weather-side. 

LEE'-TIDE, n. A tide running in the same direction that 
the wind blows. A tide under the lee is a stream in an 
opposite direction to the wind. 

LEE'WARD, a. Pertaining to the part towards which the 
wind blows ; as, a leeward ship. 

LEE'WARD, adv. Towards the lee, or that part towards 
which the wind blows ; opposed to windward. 

LEE' WAY, 71. The lateral movement of a ship to the lee- 
ward of her course, or the angle which the line of her 
way makes with her keel, when she is close-hauled. 

LEECH, 71. [Goth, leikeis ; Sax. liBc] 1. A physician ; a 
professor of the art of healing ; as, cow-leech. Spenser. 
[This word in the United States is nearly obsolete : even 
cow-leech is not used.] 2. [Sax. Iceccan.] A blood- 
sucker; a species of aquatic worm. — 3. In seamen's lan- 
fruarre, the border or edge of a sail, which is sloping or 
perpendicular ; as, the fore-leech. 

f LEECH'-€RAFT, ti. the art of healing. Davies. 

LEKCH'-LINE, 71. Leech-lines are rope's fastened to the 
middle of the leeches of the main-sail and fore-saiJ. 

LEECH'-ROPE, n. That part of the bolt-rope to Which the 
skirt or border of a sail is sewed. Mar. Diet. 

t LEEF, a. Kind; fond; pleasing; willing. See Lief. 
LEEK, V. [Sax. leac] A plant with a bulbous root. 

LEE'LITE, V. A mineral, so called from Dr. Lee. 
LEER,?;.!. [D. gluuren, begluuren.] 1. To look obliquely ; 
to turn the eye and cast a look from a corner, either in 
contempt, defiance or frowning, or for a sly look. 2. To 
look with a forced countenance. 
LEER, V. t. To allure with smiles. Dryden. 
LEER, n. [Sax. /iZearc, We<?r, the cheek.] 1. The cheek; 
[obs.] 2. Complexion ; hue ; face, [ohs.] 3. An oblique 
view. 4. An affecced CEist of countenance. 



t LEER, a. [Sax. gelmr.] Empty ; trifling ; frivolous. 

LEER'ING, ppr. Looking obliquely ; casting a look as- 
kance. 

LEER'ING-LY, adv. Witli an arch, oblique look or smile 

LEES, 71. [Fr. lie.] The grosser parts of any liquor which 
have settled on the bottom of a vessel ; dregs ; sediment. 

t LEESE, V. t. To lose. [See Lose.] B. Jonson. 

t LEESE, V. t. [L. Iwsus.] To hurt. Wickliffe. 

LEET, a. The word in the north of England for light. 

LEET, 71. In Great Britain, a court. The court-leet is a 
court of record, held once a year, within a particular hun- 
dred, lordship or manor, before the steward of the leet. 

LEET'-ALE, ti. A feast or merry-making in the time of 
leet. 

LEFT, pret. and pp. of leave. 

LEFT, a. [L Icbvus.] 1. Denoting the part opposed to the 
right of the body. 2. The left bank of a river is that 
which is on the left hand of a person whose face is to- 
wards the mouth of the river. 

LEFT-HAND'ED, a. 1. Having the left hand or arm more 
strong and dextrous than the right ; using the left hand 
and arm with more dexterity than the right. 2. Un- 
lucky ; inauspicious; unseasonable; [obs.] 

LEFT-HAND'ED-INESS, 7i. Habitual use of the left hand, 
or rather the ability to use the left hand with more ease 
and strength than the right. 

LEFT-HAND'I-NESS, 7i. Awkwardness. Chesterfield. 

LEG, 71, [Dan. IcBg.] 1. The limb of an animal, used in 
supporting the body, and in walking and running ; prop- 
erly, that part of the limb from the knee to the foot, but 
in a more general seiise, the whole limb, including the 
thigh, the leg and the foot. 2. The long or slender sup- 
port of any thing. — To make a leg, to bow ; [I. u.] — To 
stand on one's own legs, to support one's self; to trust to 
one's own strength or efforts without aid. 

LEG'A-CY, 71. [Sp.legadu.] A bequest; a particular thing, 
or certain sum of money given by last will or testament. 

LEG'A-CY-HUNT'ER, n. One who flatters and courts foi 
legacies. 

Lk'GAL, a. [Fr. ; L. legalis.] 1. According to law ; in 
conformity with law. 2. Lawful ; permitted by law. 3. 
According to the law of works, as distinguished from free 
grace ; or resting on works for salvation. 4. Pertaining 
to law ; created by law. 

LE-GAL'I-TY, 71. 1. Lawfulness; conformity to law.— 2. 
In theology, a reliance on works for salvation. Scott. 

Le'GAL-iZE, v. t. 1. To make lawful ; to render confoiin- 
able to law ; to authorize. 2. To sanction ; to give the 
authority of law to that whicli is done without law 01 
authority. 

Le'GAL-LY, adv. Lawfully ; according to law ; in a man- 
ner permitted by law. 

LEG'A-TA-RY, n. [Fr. legataire ; L. legatarius.] A leg 
atee ; one to whom a legacy is bequeathed. 

LEG'ATE, 71. [Fr. legat ; L. legatus.] The pope's embas- 
sador to a foreign prince or state ; a cardinal or bishop 
sent as the pope's representative or commissioner to a 
sovereign prince. 

LEG-A-TEE', 71. [L. lego.] One to whom a legacy is be- 
queathed. Swift. 

LEG'ATE-SHIP, 71. The office of a legate. 

LEG'A-TINE, a. 1. Pertaining to a legate. 2. Made by 
or proceeding from a legate. Ayliffe. 

LE-Ga'TION, 71. ['L.legatio.] An embassy ; a deputation ; 
properly, a sending, but generally, the person or persons 
sent as envoys or embassadors. 

* LE-Ga'TOR, 71. [L.l A testator; one who bequeaths a 
legacy. [Little used.] Dryden. 

t LEGE, V. t. To alledge ; to lighten. Chaucer. 

* LEG'END, or Le'GEND, 71. [It. leggenda ; L. legenda.] 

1. A chronicle or register of the lives of saints, formerly 
read at matins, and at the refectories of religious houses. 

2. An idle or ridiculous story told respecting saints. 3. 
Any memorial or relation. 4. An incredible, unauthentic 
narrative. ,5. An inscription, particularly on medals and 
on coins. Addison. 

LEG'END, v. t. To tell or narrate, as a legend. Hall. 

* LEG'EN-DA-RY, a. Consisting of legends ; fabulous ; 
strange. 

* LEG'EN-DA-RY, 71. A book of legends ; a relator of leg- 
ends. Sheldon. 

LEG'ER, 71. [D. leggen ; Sax. lecgan.'j Any thing that lies 
in a place ; that which rests or remain!^ ; sometimes used 
as a 710M71, but more frequently as an adjective ; as, a leger 
embassador, that is, resident ; but the word is now obso- 
lete, except in particular phrases. — A leger-line, in music, 
a line added to the staff of five lines,°when more lines 
than five are wanted, for designating notes ascending or 
descending. — A leger-book, or leger, a book that lies in 
the counting house, the book into which merchants carry 
a summary of the accounts of the journal ; usually writ- 
ten ledger 

LEG-ER-DE-MAIN', 7i. [Fr. leger. It. leggiero, and Fr. 
demain.] Slight of hand ; a deceptive performance which 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BTJLL, UNITE e as K j G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH j Tli as in tlds. t Obsolete. 



LEM 



492 



LEN 



ilepends on dexterity of hand ; a trick performed with 
sucli art and adroitness, that the manner or art eludes 
observation. The word is sometimes used adjectively ; 
as, a legerdemain trick. 

t LE-GEll'I-TY, n. [Fr, legerete.] Lightness ; nimWeness. 

LE^GE, V. t. [Sax. lecgan.] To lay. Wickliffe. 

LLG-'GED, a. [from leg,] Having legs ; used in composi- 
tion ; as, a two-legged animal. 

LEG GIN, 71, A cover for the leg ; a garment that incloses 
the leg. Mackeniie. 

LEG-I-BIL'I-TY, n. Legibleness ; the quality or state of 
being legible. 

LEG'I-BLE, a. [L legibilis.] 1. That may be read ; con- 
sisting of etters or figures that may be distinguished by 
the eye. 2. That may be discovered or understood by 
ajjp.arent marks or indications 

LEGI-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being legible. 

LEGl-BLY, adv. In such a manner as may be read. 

IjE'GION, n. [L. legic] 1. In Roman antiquity, a body of 
infantry consisting of different numbers of men at differ- 
ent periods, from three to five thousand. 2. A military 
for^e ; military bands. 3. A great number. 

Le GION-A-RY, a. I. Relating to a legion or to legions. 2. 
Consisting of a legion or of legions. 3. Containing a great 
number. 

Le'GION-A-RY, n. One of a legion. Milton. 

LEG'IS-LATE, v. i. [L. lex, legis, and fero, latvMi.] To 
make or enact a law or laws. 

LEG-IS-La'TION, 71. [Fr.] The act of passing a law or 
laws ; the enacting of laws. Littleton. 

* LE6'IS-La-TiVE, a. [Fr. legislatif.] 1. Giving or en- 
acting laws. 2. Capable of enacting laws. 3. Pertaining 
to the enacting of laws ; suitable to laws. 4. Done by 
enacting; as, a legislative act. [JVote. In this word, and 
in legislator, Ugislatrix, legislature, the accent is nearly 
equal on the first and third syllables, and a, in the third, 
has its long sound.] 

* LE6-IS-La'T0R, or LE6'IS-La-T0R, n. [L.] A law- 
giver ; one who makes laws for a state or community. 
This word is limited in its use to a supreme lawgiver, the 
lawgiver of a sovereign state or kingdom, and is not ap- 
plied to men that make the by-laws of a subordinate cor- 
poration. 

V LEG-IS-La'TOR-SHIP, n. The office of a legislator. 

fc LEG-IS-La'TRESS, ) n. A female who makes laws. 

* LEG-IS-La'TRIX, \ Tooke. 

* LEG'IS-LaT-URE, n. [Sp. leghslatura.] The body of 
men in a state or kingdom, invested with power to make 
and repeal laws ; the supreme power of a state. 

Le'GIST, 7). One skilled in the laws. Marston. 

LE-GlT'I-Mxl-C Y, n.l. Lawfulness of birth. 2. Genuine- 
ness. 

LE-GIT'I-MATE, a. [Fr. legitime; L. legitimus.] 1. Law- 
fully begotten or bom 3 born in wedlock. 2. Genuine ; 
real ; proceeding from a pure source ; not false or spu- 
rious. 

LE-GIT'I-MATE, v. t. [Fr. legitimer.] 1. To make law- 
ful. 2. To render legitimate; to communicate the rights 
of a legitimate child to one that is illegitimate ; to invest 
with the rights of a lawful heir. Jiyliffe. 

LE-GIT'I-MATE-LY, arfi'. 1. Lawfully ; according to law. 
2. Genuinely ; not falsely. Dryden. 

LE-GIT'I-MATE-NESS, n. Legality; lawfulness; gen- 
uineness. 

LE-6IT-I-Ma'TI0N, 77. [Fr.] 1. The act of rendering le- 
gitimate, or of investing an illegitimate child with the 
rights of one born in wedlock. 2. Lawful birth. S/iak. 

LEG'UME, ) 71. [L. legumen ; Fr- legume.] 1. In botany, 

LE-GtJ'MEN, \ a pericarp or seed-vessel, of two valve's, 
in which the seeds are fixed to one suture only. — 2. In 
the plural, pulse, peas, beans, &c. 

LE-Gu'MI-NOUS, a. Pertaining to pulse ; consisting of 
pulse. 

* LEIS'U-RA-BLE, a. Vacant of employment ; not occupied. 

* LEIS'U-RA-BLY, adv. At leisure ; without hurry. 

* LEIS'URE, (lezh'ur, or lee'zhur) n. [Fr. loisir.] 1. Free- 
dom from occupation or business ; vacant time ; time free 
from employment. 2. Convenience of time ; [obs.] 

* LEIS'URE-LY, a. Done at leisure ; not hasty ; deliber- 
ate ; slow. 

* LEIS'URE-LY, adv. Not in haste or hurry ; slowly ; at 
leisure ; deliberately. 

tLi?.'MAN, V. A sweetheart; a gallant; or a mistress. 

t LEME, "t. [Sax. ZeoTTia.] A ray of light. Chaucer. 

\ LEME, i. To shine. 

LEM' MA, 71. [Gr. X»y/i/^a.] In 7wflt7ie7«ffltic.9, a previous prop- 
osition proved, or a proposition demonstrated for the pur- 
pose of being used in the demonstration of some other 
proposition. It is therefore a received truth. Day. 

LEM'MING, or Le'MING, n. A species of animal belong- 
ing to the genus mu^ ; a kind of rat. 

LE1\1'NIS-€ATE, n. [L. lemniscus.] A curve in the forni 
of the figure 8. 

LEM'ON, 71. [Fi.,Sp.limon.] 1. The fruit of a tree be- 



' longing to the genus citrus.— 2. Lemon or lemon-tree, the 
tree thatproduces lemons. 
LEM-ON-aDE', 71. [Fr. Wnonade.] A liquor consisting of 

lemon juice mixed with water and sweetened. 
Le'MLTR, 71. [L.l A genus of quadrupeds, the 7/iafci5. 
Le'MURES, 71. [L.] Hobgoblins ; evil spirits. [JVoi Eng- 
lish.] 
LEND, V. t. ; pret. and pp. lent. [Sax. Imnan.] 1. To grant 
to another for temporary use, on the express or implied 
condition that the thing shall be returned. 2. To grant a 
thing to be used, on the condition that its equivalent in 
kind shall be returned. 3. To aflbrd ; to grant; to fur- 
nish, in general. 4. To grant for temporary use, on con- 
dition of receiving a compensation at certain periods for 
the use of the thing, and an ultimate return of the thing, 
or its full value. 5. To i)ermit to use for another's ben- 
efit. 6. To let for hire or compensation. Paley. 
LEND'A-BLE, a. That may be lent. Sherwood. 
LEND'ER, n. 1. One who lends. 2. One who makes a 

trade of putting money to mterest. Dryden. 
LENDING, ppr. Granting for temporary use. See Lend. 
LEND'ING, 7/. 1. The act of loaning. 2. That which ia 

lent or furnished. Shak. 
t LENDS, n. [Sax.] Loins. Wickliffe. 
LENGTH, 71. [Sax. lengthe, from leiig, long.] 1. The ex- 
tent of any thing material frem end to end ; the longest 
line which can be drawn through a body, parallel to its 
sides. 2. Extent; extension. 3. A certain extent; a 
portion of space ; with a plural. 4. Space of time; dura- 
tion, indefinitely. 5. Long duration. 6. Reach or ex- 
tent. 7. Extent. 8. Distance.— ./2t length. 1. At or in 
the full extent. 2. At last ; at the end or conclusion. 
t LENGTH, t. t. To extend. 

LENGTH'EN, (length'n) v. t. 1. To extend in length ; to 
make longer ; to elongate. 2. To draw out or extend in 
time ; to protract ; to continue in duration. 3. To ex- 
tend. 4. To draw out in pronunciation. 
LENGTH'EN, v. i. To grow longer ; to extend in length. 
LENGTH'ENED, pp. Made longer ; drawn out in length ; 

continued in duration. 
LENGTH'EN-IiVG, ppr. Making longer; extending in 

length or in duration. 
LENGTH'EN-ING, 7!. Continuation; protraction. 
LENGTH'FUL, a. Of great length in measure. 
LENGTH'VViSE, adv. In the direction of the length ; in a 

longitudinal direction. 
LENGTH'Y, a. Being long or moderately long ; not short ^. 
not brief; applied mostly to moral subjects, as to dis- 
courses, writings, &c. ; as, a lengthy sermon. London 
Quarterly Revieiv. Lord Byron, 
Le'NI-ENT, a. [L. Ienie7is.] 1. Softening; mitigating •_ 

assuasive. 2. Laxative ; emollient. 
Le'NI-ENT, n. That which softens or assuages ; an emol 

lient. Wiseman. 
LEN'I-Fy, v. t. To assuage ; to soften ; to mitigate. [L. u.] 
t LEN'I-MENT, n. An assuasive. 

LEN'I-TIVE, a. [It. lenitivo ; Fr. lenitif.] Having the 
quality of softening or mitigating ; as pain or acriniony : 
assuasive; emollient. 
LEN'I-TiVE, n. 1. A medicine or application that has the 
quality of easing pain ; that which softens or mitigates. 
2. A palliative ; that which abates passion. South, 
LEN'I-TY, 7i. ['L,lenitas.] Mildness of temper ; softness : 

tenderness ; mercy. 
LEN'NOCK, a. Slender; pliable. Lancashire Gloss. 
LENS, 71. ; plu. Le?jses. [L. lens.] A transparent sub- 
stance, usually glass, so formed that rays of light passing 
through it are made to change their direction, and tc 
magmfy or diminish objects at a certain distance. 
t LENT, a. Slow ; mild. B. Jonson. 
LENT, pp. of lend. 

LENT, 7!. [Sax. lencten,] The quadragesimal fast, or fast 
of forty days, observed by the Christian church before 
Easter, the festival of our Savior's resurrection. It be- 
gins at Ash-Wednesday, and continues till Easter. 
LENTEN, a. Pertaining to lent ; used in lent ; sparing. 
LEN-TI€'U-LAR, a, [L. lenticidaris,] 1. Resembling a 

lentil. 2. Having the form of a lens ; lentiform. 
LEN-TI€'U-LAR-LY, adv. In the manner of a lens ; with 

a curve. 
LEN-TI€'U-LITE, v. A petrified shell. 
LENT'I-FORM, a. [L. lens and forma.] Of the form of a 

lens. 
LEN-TIG'I-NOUS, a. [L. leiitigo.] Freckly , scurfy ; fnr- 

fuiacenus. 
LEN-Ti'GO, 77. A freckly eruption on the skin. 
LEN'TIL, n. [Fr. lentiUe.] A plant. 

LEN'TISK, ) n. [Fr. lentisque ; L. levtiscus.] A tree 
LEN-TIS'€US, ( of the genus pistacia, the mastich-tree. 
jLENT'I-TUDE, n. [L. levtus.] Slowness. 
LENT'NER, n. A kind of hawk. Walton. 
LENT'OR, n. [L.] 1. Tenacity; viscousness. 2. Slow- 
ness; delay; sluggishness. 3. Siziness; thickness of ~ 
fluids ; viscidity ; a term used in the humoral pathology. 



*See Synopsis. A> E, I, 0, U, Y, Zoti^.— FAR,, FALL, WH^T ;— PR^Y ;— HN, MARiNE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete 



LET 



LEV 



LENT'OUS, a. [L. Zerattw.] Viscid j viscous ; tenacious. 

Brown. 

LEN'ZI-NITE, n. [(torn Lenzius.'] A mineral. 

Le'O, ?i [LO The Lion, the fifth sign of the zodiac. 

Le'OD, n. The people; or, rather, a nation; country. 
Oibson. 

LiE'OF, n. ieo/ denotes love ; so Leofwin,a. winner of love j 
Leofstan, best beloved. Oibson. 

Le'0-NINE, a. [L. Uoninus.^ Belonging to a lion ; resem- 
bling a lion, or partaking of his qualities, — Leonine verses, 
so named from Leo, the inventor, are those, the end of 
which rhymes with the middle. 

Le'0-NINE-LY, adv. In the manner of a lion. 

LEOP'ARD, (lep'ard) n. [L. leo anA pardus.'\ A rapacious 
quadruped of the genus felis. 

LEOP'ARD'S-BANE, n. A plant. Lee. 

LEP'ER, n. [L. lepra ; Fr. Zepre.] A person afiected with 
leprosy. 

LEP'ID, a. [L. lepidus.'] Pleasant; jocose. [Little used.l 

LEP'I-DO-LITE, n. [Gr. Asttj?.] A mineral. 

LEP'I-DOP-TER, I n. [Gr. Aen-t? and Trrepov.] The lep- 

LEP-I-DOP'TE-RA, \ idopters are an order of insects hav- 
ing four wings. 

LEP-I-DOP'TE-RAL, a. Belonging to the order of lepi- 
dopters. 

* LEP'0-RINE, a. [L. leporinns.] Pertaining to a hare ; hav- 
ing the nature or qualities of the hare. 

LE-PROS'1-TY, n. Squamousness. [Little used.] Bacon. 

liEP'RO-SY, n. A foul cutaneous disease, appearing in dry, 
white, thin, scurfy scabs, attended with violent itching. 

LEP'ROUS, a. [Fr. lepreux.] Infected with leprosy ; cov- 
ered with white scales. 

liEP'ROUS-LY, adv. In an infectious degree. 

LEP'ROUS-NESS, 71. State of being leprous. Shenoood. 

jLERE, M. Learning; lesson; lore. Spenser. 

t LERE, V. t. To learn ; to teach. Chaucer. 

liERE, a. Empty. 

LER'RY, n. [from lere.] A rating; a lecture. A rustic 
word. 

Le'SION, (le'zhun) n. [L. IcBsio.] A hurting ; hurt ; 
wound ; injury. Rush. 

+ LESS, for unless. 

LESS, a terminating syllable of many nouns, and some ad- 
jectives, is the Sax. leas, Goth, laus, belonging to the 
verb lysan, lausyan, to loose, free, separate. Hence it is 
a privative word, denoting destitution ; as, a witless man, 
a man destitute of wit; childless, withovX children ; /a- 
therless ; faithless ; pennyless ; lawless, &c. 

LESS, a. fSax. ZcB5. iess'has the sense of the comparative 
degree of little.] Smaller ; not so large or great. 

LESS, adv. Not so much ; in a smaller or lower degree. 

LESS, n. 1. Not so much. 2. An inferior. 

t LESS, V. t. To make less. Gower. 

LES-SEE', n. The person to whom a lease is given. 

LESS'EN, (les'n) v. t. [from less.] 1. To make less ; to 
diminish ; to reduce in bulk, size, quantity, number or 
amount ; to make smaller. 2. To diminish in degree, 
state or quality. 3. To degrade ; to reduce in dignity. 

LESS'EN, (les'n) v. i. 1. To become less ; to shrink ; to 
contract in bulk, quantity, number or amount ; to be di- 
minished. 2. To become less in degree, quality or inten- 
sity ; to decrease. 

LESS'ENED, pp. Made smaller; diminished. 

LESS'EN-ING, ppr. Reducing in bulk, amount or degree ; 
degradiiLg. 

LESS'ER, a. [Sax. Imssa, Iwsse. This word is a corrup- 
tion, but too well established to be discarded.] Less ; 
smaller. Authors always write the Lesser Asia. 

LESS'ER, adv. Less. Shale. 

LES'SES, n. [Fr. laissees.] The dung of beasts left on the 
ground. 

LES'SON, (les'n) n. [Fr. legon ; L. lectio.] 1. Any thing 
read or recited to a teacher by a pupil or learner for im- 
provement ; or such a portion of a book as a pupil learns 
and repeats at one time. 2. A portion of Scripture read 
in divine service. 3. A portion of a book or manuscript 
assigned by a preceptor to a pupil to be learnt, or for an 
(exercise ; something to be learnt. 4, Precept ; doctrine 
or notion inculcated. 5. Severe lecture ; reproof; rebuke. 
6. Tune written for an instrument. 7. Instruction or 
truth, taught by experience. 

LES'SON, (les'n) v. t. To teach ; to instruct. L^Estrange. 

JjES'SONED, pp. Taught; instructed- 

LES'SON-ING, ppr. Teaching. 

LES'SOR, 71. [from lease.] One who leases; the person 
who lets to farm, or gives a lease. Blackstone. 

* LEST, conj. [Sax. leas.] That not ; for fear that. 

LET, V. t.; pret. and pp. let. Letted is obsolete. [Sax. Itetan, 
letan ; Goth, letan.] 1. To permit ; to allow ; to suffer ; 
to give leave or power by a positive act, or, negatively, to 
withhold restraint ; not to prevent. 2. To lease ; to grant 
possession and use for a compensation. 3. To suffer; to 
permit ; with the usual sign of the infinitive ; [obs.] — 4. 



In the imperative mode, let has the following uses. Fol- 
lowed by the first and third persons, it expresses desire or 
wish. Followed by the first person plural, it expresses 
exhortation or entreaty. Followed by the third person, 
it implies permission or command addressed to an inferi- 
or. 5. To retard ; to hinder ; to impede ; to interpose 
obstructions ; 2 Thess. ii. [obs.]— To let alone, to leave ; 
to suffer to remain without intermeddling. — To ..et down, 
to permit to sink or fall ; to lower. — To let loose, to free 
from restraint ; to permit to wander at large. — To let in 
or into, to permit or suffer to enter; to admit.— To let 
blood, to open a vein and suffer the blood to flow' out. — 
To let out, to suffer to escape ; also, to lease or let to hire. 
— To let off, to discharge, to let fly, as an arrow ; or cause 
to explode, as a gun. 

t LET, v.i. To forbear. Bacon. 

LET, 11. A retarding ; hinderance ; obstacle ; impediment ; 
delay. 

LET, [Sax. lyte.] A termination of diminutives ; as, hamlet 
a little house ; rivulet, a small stream. 

LeTCH, 71. 1. A vessel to put ashes in, to run water through , 
for the purpose of making washing lye. Ray. [See Leach,] 
2. A long, narrow swamp, m which water moves slowly 
among rushes and grass. Brockett. 

Le'THAL, a. [L. lethalis.] Deadly; mortal; fatal. 

LE-THAL'I-TY, n. Morlalitv. Jlkins. 

LE-THAR'GI€, ) a. [L. lethargicus.] Preterna;<. rally 

LE-THAR'GI-t!AL, \ inclined to sleep ; drowsy ; dull ; 
heavy. 

LE-THAR'GI-€AL-LY, adv. In a morbid sleepiness. 

LE-THAR'6I-€AL-NESS, \ n. Preternatural or morbid 

LE-THAR'GI€-NESS, \ sleepiness. 

LETH'AR-GIED, pp. or a. Laid asleep ; entranced. Shah. 

LETH'AR-6Y, n. [L, lethargia.] 1. Preternatural sleepi- 
ness ; morbid drowsiness ; continued or profound sleep, 
from which a person can scarcely be awaked, and if 
awaked, remains stupid. 2. DuU'iess; inaction; inat- 
tention. 

LETH'AR-6Y, v. t. To make lethargic or dull. Churchill 

Le'THE, n. [Gr. \r]Qr].] Oblivion ; a draught of oblivion 

LE-THe'AN, a. Inducing forgetfulness or oblivion. 

LE-THIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. Ze(4w?«and/ero.] Deadly ; mor- 
tal ; bringing death or destruction. 

LET'TER, n. 1. One who permits. 2. One who retards 
or hinders. 3. One who gives vent. 

LET'TER, 71. [Fr. lettre ; It. lettera ; L, dtera.] 1. A 
maik or character, written, printed, engraved or painted ; 
used as the representative of a sound, or of an articula- 
tion of the human organs of speech. 2. A written or 
printed message ; an epistle. 3. The verbal expression ; 
the literal meaning. 4. Type ; a character formed of 
metal or wood, usually of metal, and used in printing 
books. — 5. Letters, in the plural, learning; erudition. — 
Dead letter, a writing or precept which is without au- 
thority or force, — Letter of attorney, a writing by which 
one person authorizes another to act in his stead. — Letter 
of marque, a private ship commissioned or authorized by 
a government to make reprisals on the ships of anothei: 
state. [See Marque.] — Letters patent, or overt, open, a 
writing executed and sealed, by which power and author- 
ity are granted to a person to do some act, or enjoy some 
right. 

LET'TER, V. t. To impress or form letters on. 

LET'TER-€ASE, n. A case or book to put letters in. 

LET'TERED, pp. Stamped with letters. 

LET'TERED, a. 1. Literate ; educated ; versed in liter- 
ature or science. 2. Belonging to learning ; suiting let- 
ters. 

LET'TER-FOUND'ER, n. One who casts letters ; a type- 
founder. 

LET'TER-ING, ppr. Impressing or forming letters on. 

LET'TER-LESS, a. Illiterate ; unlettered ; not learned. 

LET'TER-PRESS, n. Print ; letters and words impressed 
on paper or other material bv types. 

LET'TUCE, (let'tis) n. [Fr. laitiie.] A genus of plants. 

LEO'CIN, ) n. [Gr. 'XevKog.] A peculiar white pulveru- 

LEU'CINE, ) lent substance. 

LEu'CITE, 7?. [Gr. Xf ukoj.] A stony substance. 

LEu'€0-E-THI-OP'I€, a. [Gr.'XevKos and aidiorp.] White 
and black ; designating a white animal of a black spe- 
cies, or the albino. 

LEU-€0-PHLEG'MA-CY, n. [Gr. \evKo? and ^Xfy/za.] A 
dropsical habit of body, or the commencement of anasar- 
ca ; paleness, with viscid juices and cold sweats. 

LEU-€0-PHLEG-MAT'I€, a. Having a dropsical habit of 
body, with a white, bloated skin. 

LEU-Go'THI-OP, 71. [SeeLEuco-ETHiopic] An albino ; 
a_white man of a black race. 

LEu'THRITE, n. A substance that appears to be a recom- 
posed rock, of a loose texture. 

Lk'VANT, a. [Fr. levant.] Eastern ; denoting the part of 
the hemisphere where the sun rises. 

LE-VANT', n. [It. levante.] Properly, a country to the 



See Synopsis. MciVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



LEV 



494 



LIB 



eastward ; but appropriately, the countries of Turkey, 
Syria, Asia Minor, Greece, Egypt, &c. 

LE-VANT'ER, n. 1. A strong, easterly wind, so called 
by the sailors in the Mediterranean. 2. A colloquial ex- 
pression applied to one who bets at a horse race, and runs 
away without paying the wagers he has lost 

LEV'AN-TINE, a. 1. Pertaining to the Levant. 2. De- 
signating a particular kind of silk cloth. 

LE VAN-TINE, n. A particular kind of silk cloth. 

LE-Va'TOR, n. [L.] J. In anatomy, a muscle that serves 
to raise some p^rt, as the lip or the eyelid. 2. A surgi- 
cal instrument used to raise a depressed part of the 
skull. 

t LEVE, for believe. Oower. 

LEVE, a. [Sax. leof.'] Agreeable ; pleasing ; dear ; writ- 
ten also, leef, lefe, lief. See Lever. 

LEVEE, 71. [Fr.] I. The time of rising. 2. The con- 
course of persons who visit a prince or great personage in 
the morning. 3. A bank or causey, particularly along a 
river to prevent inundation. 

LEVEL, a. [Sax. lafe.] 1. Horizontal; coinciding with 
the plane of the horizon. 2. Even ; flat ; not having one 
part higher than another; not ascending or descending. 
:i Even with any thing else ; of the same height ; on 
the same line or plane 4. Equal in rank or degree ; hav- 
ing no degree of superiority. 

LEVEL, V. t. 1. To make horizontal. 2. To make even ; 
to reduce or remove inequalities of surface in any thing. 
3. To reduce or bring to the same height with something 
else. 4. To lay flat; to reduce to an even surface or 
plain. 5. To reduce to equality of condition, state or de- 
gree. 6. To point, in taking aim ; to elevate or depress 
so as to direct a missile weapon to an object ; to aim. 7. 
To aim ; to direct. 8. To suit ; to proportion. 

LEVEL, V. i. To accord ; to agree ; to suit ; [Z. ?i.] 2. 
To aim at ; to point a gun or an arrow to the mark, 3. 
To aim at ; to direct the view or purpose. 4. To be' aim- 
ed ; to be in the same direction with the mark. 5. To 
aim ; to make attempts. 6. To conjecture ; to attempt 
to guess ; [o&s.] 

LEVEL, 71. 1. A horizontal line, or a plane ; a surface 
without inequalities. 2. Rate ; standard ; usual eleva- 
tion ; customary height. 3. Equal elevation with some- 
thing else ,• a state of equality. 4. The line of direction 
in which a missile weapon is aimed. 5. An instrument, in 
mechanics, Dy which to find or draw a horizontal line, as 
ii setting buildings, or in making canals and drains. 
6. Rule ; plan ; scheme ; borrowed from the mechanic's 
level. 

LEVELED, pp. 1. Reduced to a plane ; made even. 2. 
Reduced to an equal state, condition or rank. 3. Reduced 
to an equality with something else. 4. Elevated or de- 
pressed to a right line towards something ; pohited to an 
object. 5. Suited ; proportioned. 

LEVEL-ER, n. 1. One that level? or makes even. 2. One 
that destroys or attempts to destroy distinctions, and re- 
duce to equality. 

LEVEL-ING, ppr. I. Making level or even. 2. Reduc- 
ing to an equality of condition. 

LEV'EL-ING, 71. The art or practice of finding a horizon- 
tal line, or of ascertaining the diiferent elevations of ob- 
jects on the surface of the earth. 

LEVEL-NESS, n. 1. Evenness ; equality of surface. 2. 
Equality with something else. 

LEVEN. See Leaven. 

fLEVEN, 71. [Sax. /4ii^ffi7?,.] Lightning. Chaucer. 

* LEVER, 71. [Fr. levier ; It. leva.'\ In mechanics, & bar 
of metal, wood, or other substance, turning on a support 
called Wiefidcrum or prop. 

Le'VER, a. The comparative degree of leve, leef, or lief. 
More agreeable ; more pleasing. 

Le'VER, adv. Rather; as we now say, I had rather. Chau- 
cer. 

LEVER-ET, 71. [Fr. lievret.] A hare in the first year of 
her age. 

LEVER-0€K, n. A bird ; a lark. See Lark. 

f LEVET, n. [qu. Fr. lever.] A blast of a trumpet; prob- 
ably that by which soldiers are called in the morning. 

LEVI-A-BLE, a. That may be levied ; that may be as- 
sessed and collected. Bacon. 

LE-Vl'A-THAN, n. [Heb. ]r\^h.] 1. An aquatic animal, 
described in the book of Job, ch. xli. It is not agreed 
what animal is intended, whether the crocodile, the 
whale, or a species of serpent. 2. The whale, oir a great 
;vliale. Milton. 

LEVI-GATE, v. t. [L. IcBvigo.] I. In pharmacy and cJtem- 
istry, to rub or grind to a fine, impalpable powder ; to 
make fine, soft and smooth. 2. To plane ; to polish. 

LEVI-GATE, a. Made smooth. 

LEVI-GA-TED, pp. Reduced to a fine, impalpable pow- 
der. 

JiEV'I-GA-TING, ppr. Rendering very fine, soft and 
smooth, by grinding or -ubbing. 



LEV-I-Ga'TION, n. The act or operation of giindir 
or rubbing a solid sul stance to a fine, impalpable powder 

f LEVIN, 71. [Sax. hlifian.] Lightning. See Leven. 

LEV-I-Ta'TION, 71. [L. levis, levitas.] Lightness; buoy 
ancy ; act of making light. 

Le'VITE, 71. [irom Levi.] One of the tribe or family of 
Levi ; a descendant of Levi ; an ofiicer in the Jewish 
church, who was employed in manual service. 

LE-VIT'I-€AL, a. 1. Belonging to the Levites, or descend- 
ants of Levi. 2. Priestly. Milton. 

LE-VIT'I-€AL-LY, adv. After the manner of the Le 
vites. 

LE-VIT'I-€US, n. A canonical book of the Old Testa- 
ment, containing the laws and regulations which relate 
to the priests and Levites. 

LEVI-TY, 71. [L. levitas.] 1. Lightness; the want of 
weight in a body, compared with another that is heavier. 
2. Lightness of temper or conduct ; incongtancy ; change- 
ableness ; unsteadiness. 3. Want of due consideration ; 
vanity; freak. 4. Gayety of mind ; want of seriousness ; 
disposition to trifle. 

Li:VY, V. t. [Fr. lever.] 1. To raise ; to collect. 2. To 
raise ; to collect by assessment. — To levy war, is to raise 
or begin war; to take arms for attack; to attack. — To 
levy a fine, to commence and carry on a suit for assuring 
the title to lands or tenements. 

LEVY, 71. 1. The act of collecting men for military or 
other public service, as by enlistment, enrollment or other 
means. 2. Troops collected ; an army raised. 3. The 
act of collecting money for public use by tax or other im- 
position. 4. War raised ; [oZ»s.J 

jLEW, a. [Dan. laauw.] Tepid; lukewarm; pale; wan. 

LEWD, a. fW. llodig.] I. Given to the unlawful indul- 
gence of lust ; addicted to fornication or adultery ; dis- 
solute ; lustful ; libidinous. 2. Proceeding from unlaw- 
ful lust. 3. Wicked ; vile ; profligate ; licentious. 

fLEWD, a. [Sax. Imwed, lewd.] Lay; laical; not cler- 
ical. 

LEWD'LY, adv. 1. With the unlawful indulgence of lust; 
lustfully. 2. Wickedly ; wantonly. 

LEWD'NESS, n. 1-. The unlawful indulgence of lust ; for- 
nication, or adultery. — 2. In Scripture, it generally de- 
notes idolatry. 3, Licentiousness ; shamelessness. 

t LEWD'STER, 71. One given to the criminal indulgence of 
lust ; a lecher. Shak. 

LEX-I-€OG'RA-PHER, n. The author of a lexicon or dic- 
tionary. 

LEX-I-€0-GRAPH'I€, a. Pertaining to the writing or com- 
pilation of a dictionary. Boswell. 

LEX-I-€OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. \e^ikov and ypa^co.] 1. 
The act of writing a lexicon or dictionary, or the art of 
composing dictionaries. 2. The composition or compila 
tion of a dictionary. 

LEX-I-€0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. \t^iKov and 'Xoyo?.] The sci- 
ence of words; that branch of learning which treats 
of the proper signification and just application of words. 

LEX'J.-€0N,7?. \Gx.\eliKov.] A dictionary ; a vocabulary 
or book containing an alphabetical arrangement of the 
words in a language, with the definition of each. 

LEX'I-€0N-IST, n. A writer of a lexicon. [Little used.] 

LEX'I-GRAPH-Y, n. [Gr. \e^ii and ypa(p(x>.] The art or 
practice of defining words. 

Ley, a different orthography of lay and lea, a meadow or 
field. 

LHER'ZO-LITE, n. A mineral. 

Li'A-BLE, a. [Fr. tier.] 1. Bound ; obliged in law or 
equity ; responsible ; answerable. 2. Subject ; obnox- 
ious : exposed. 

LI'A-BLE-NESS, or LI-A-BIL'ITY, n. I. The state of 
being bound or obliged in law or justice; responsibil- 
ity. 2. Exposedness ; tendency; a state of being sub- 
ject. 

LT'AR, n. 1. A person who knowingly utters falsehood ; 
one who declares to another as a fact what he knows to be 
not true, and with an intention to deceive him. 2. One 
who denies Christ. 1 John ii. 

tLl'AR.D, a. Gray. Chaucer. 

Li'AS, 7t. A species of limestone. Encyc, 

jLIB, V. t. [D. lubben.] To castrate. Chapman. 

LI-Ba'TION, n. [L. libatio.] 1. The act of pouring a li- 
quor, usually wine, either on the ground, or on a victim 
in sacrifice, in honor of some deity. 2. The wine or 
other liquor poured out in honor of a deity. 

LIB'BARD, an obsolete spelling of leopard. 

LIB'BARD'S-BANE, n, A poisonous plant. B. Jonson. 

LI'BEL, 71. [L. lihellus,] 1. A defamatory writing, L. 
libellus famosus. Any book, pamphlet, writing or pic- 
ture, containing representations, maliciously made or pub- 
lished, tending to bring a person into contempt, or expose 
him to public hatred and derision. — 2. In the civil lav), 
and in courts of admiralty, a declaration or charge in writ- 
ing exhibited in court, particularly against a ship or goods, 
for violating the laws of trade or of revenue. 



See SynopsiP A. E, T, 6, V, ■?, Zon^.— FA R, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD j— i Obsolete. 



LIB 



495 



LIU 



LI'BEL, v. t. 1. To defame or expose to public hatred and 
contempt by a writing or picture ; to lampoon. 2. To ex- 
hibit a cliarge against any thing in court, particularly 
against a ship or goods, for a violation of the laws of 
trade or revenue. 

f Li'BEL, V. i. To spread defamation, written or printed. 

Li'BEL-ANT, n. One who libels ; one who brings a libel 
or institutes a suit in an admiralty court. 

Li'BELED, pp. 1. Defamed by a writing ot picture made 
public. 2. Charged or declared against in an admiralty 
court. 

Li'BEL-ER, n. One who libels or defames by writing or 
pictures ; a lampooner. 

Li'BEL-ING, ppr. 1. Defaming by a published writing or 
picture. 2. Exhibiting charges against in court. 

Li'BEL-OUS, a. Defamatory.; containing that which ex- 
poses a person to public hatred, contempt and ridicule. 

LIB'ER-AL, a. [Ft.; L. liberalis.] 1. Of a free heart ; free 
to give or liestow ; not close or contracted ; munificent ; 
bountiful ; generous ; giving largely. It expresses less 
than profuse or extravagant. 2. Generous ; ample; large. 
3. Not selfish, narrow or contracted ; catholic ; enlarged ; 
embracing other interests than one's own. 4. General ; 
extensive ; embracing literature and the sciences gener- 
ally. 5. Free ; open ; candid. 6. Large ; profuse. 7. 
Free ; not literal or strict. 8. Not mean ; not low in birth 
or mind. 9. Licentious ; free to excess. — Liberal arts, as 
distinguished from mechanical arts, are such as depend 
more on the exertion of the mind than on the labor of 
the hands. 

IJB-ER-AL'I-TY, n. [L. Kberalitas.] 1. Munificence ; 
bounty. 2. A particular act of generosity ; a donation ; 
a gratuity. 3. Largeness of mind ; Catholicism. 4. Can- 
dor ; impartiality. 

LIB'ER-AL-IZE, v. t. To render liberal or catholic ; to en- 
large ; to free from narrow views or prejudices. 

LIB'ER-AL-lZED, pp. Freed from narrow views and prej- 
udices ; made liberal. 

LIB'ER-AL-IZ-ING, ppr. Rendering liberal ; divesting of 
narrow views and prejudices. 

LIB'ER-AL-LY, adv. 1. Bountifully ; freely ; largely ; 
with munificence. 2. With enlarged views; without 
selfishness or meanness. 3. Freely; not strictly; not 
literally. 

LIB'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. libero.'] 1. To free; to release 
from restraint or bondage ; to set at liberty. 2. To man- 
umit. 

LIB'ER-A-TED, pp. Freed; released from confinement, 
restraint or slavery ; manumitted. 

LIB'ER-A-TING, ppr. Delivering from restraint or sla- 
very. 

LIB-ER-A'TION, n. [L. liberatio.] The act of delivering 
from restraint, confinement or slavery. 

LIB'-E-RA-TOR, n. One who liberates or delivers. 

LTB-ER-Ta'RI-AN, a. [L. liber.] Pertaining to liberty, or 
to the doctrine of free will, as opposed to tJie doctrine of 
necessity. 

LIB'ER-TIN-A6E, n. Libertinism, which is most used. 

LIB'ER-TINE, 71. [L. libertinus.] 1. Among the Romans, 
a freedman ; a person manumitted or set free from legal 
servitude. 2. One unconfined ; one free from restraint. 
3. A man who lives without restraint of the animal pas- 
sion ; one who indulges his lust without restraint ; one 
who leads a dissolute, licentious life : a rake ; a debau- 
chee. 

LIB'ER-TiNE, a. Licentious ; dissolute ; not under the re- 
straint of law or religion ; as, libertine principles. 

LIB'ER-TIN-ISM, n. 1. State of a freedman ; [I. u.] 2. 
Licentiousness of opinion and practice ; an unrestrained 
indulgence of lust; debauchery; lewdness. 

LIB'ER-TY, n. [L. libertas.] 1. Freedom from restraint, 
in a general sense, and applicable to the body, or to the 
will or mind. — 2. Matural liberty consists in the power 
of acting as one thinks fit, without any restraint or con- 
trol, except from the laws of nature. — 3. Civil liberty is 
the liberty of men in a state of society, or natural liberty, 
so far only abridged and restrained, as is necessary and 
expedient for the safety and interest of the society, state 
or nation. — 4. Political liberty is sometimes used as sy- 
nonymous with civil liberty. But it more properly desig- 
nates the liberty of a nation, the freedom of a nation or 
state from all unjust abridgment of its rights and independ- 
ence by another nation. — 5. Religious liberty is the free 
right of adopting and enjoying opinions on religious sub- 
jects, and of worshipping the Supreme Being according 
to the dictates of conscience, without external control. — 
6. Liberty, in metaphysics, as opposed to necessity, is the 
power of an agent to do or forbear any particular action, 
according to the detei-mination or thought of the mind, by 
which either is preferred to the other. Locke. 7. Privi- 
ege ; exemption ; immunity enjoyed by prescription or 
by grant ; with a plural. 8. Leave ; permission granted. 
9. A space in which one is permitted to pass without re- 
straint, and beyond which he may not lawfully pass ; 



with a plural. 10. Freedom of action or speech beyond 
the ordinary bounds of civility or decorum.— T^o take the 
liberty to do or say any thing, to use freedom not special- 
ly granted.— To set at liberty, to deliver from confine- 
ment; to release from restraint.— To be at liberty, lo be 
free from restraint.— ii&eri?/ o/tAe;jress is freedom from 
any restriction on the power to publish books. 

LIB-ID'IN-IST, n. One given to lewdness. Junius. 

LI-BIDI-NOUS, a. [lu.libidinosus.] Lustful; lewd; hav- 
ing an eager appetite for venereal pleasure. 

LI-BID'I-NOUS-LY, a. Lustfully ; with lewd desire. 

LI-BID'I-NOUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of b«ing 
lustful ; inordinate appetite for venereal pleasure. 

Li'BRA, n. [L.] The Balance ; the seventh sign in the zo- 
diac, which the sun enters at the autumnal equinox, in 
September. 

LT'BRAL, a. [L. libralis.] Of a pound weight. Diet. 

LI-BRa'RI-AN, n. [L. librarius.] 1. The keeper or one 
who has the care of a library or collection of books. 2. 
One who transcribes or copies books ; [ois.l 

LI-BRa'RI-AN-SHIP, n. The office of a librarian. 

LI'BRA-RY, 71. [L. librariuni.i 1. A collection of books 
belonging to a private person^ or to a public institution or 
a company. 2. An edifice or an apartment for holding a 
jiollection of books. 

Li'BRATE, V. t. [L. libro.] To poise ; to balance ; to hold 
jn equipoise. 

Li'BRATE, v. i. To move, as a balance ; to be poised. 

LI-BRa'TION, n. 1 . The act of balancing or state of being 
balanced , a state of equipoise, with equal weiglits on 
both sides of a centre. — 2. In astronomy, an apparent ir- 
regularity of the moon's motions, by which it seems to li- 
brate about its axis. 3. A balancing or equipoise between 
jextremes. 

Ll'BRA-TO-RY, a. Balancing ; moving like a balance, as it 
tends to an equipoise or level. 

LICE, plu. of louse. 

LiCE'-BANE, n. A plant. 

Li'CEN-SA-BLE, a. That may be permitted by a legal 
grant. 

Li'CENSE, n. [Fr. ; L. licentia.] 1. Leave ; permission ; 
authority or liberty given to do or forbear any act. 2. Ex- 
cess of liberty ; exorbitant freedom ; freedom abused, or 
used in contempt of law or decorum. 

Li'CENSE, V. t. 1. To permit by grant of authority ; to re- 
move legal restraint by a grant of permission. 2. To au- 
thorize to act in a particular character. 3. To dismiss , 
lobs.} 

Li'CEN-SER, 71. One who grants permission ; a person au- 
thorized to grant permission to others. 

* LI-CEN'TIATE, 71. [L. licentia.'] 1. One who hiis a li- 
cense. — 2. In Spain, one who has a degree. 

LI-CEN'TIATE, v. t. To give license or permission. 

LI-CEN-TI-A'TION, n. The act of permitting. Freeman. 

LI-CEN'TIOUS, a. [L. licentiosus.] 1. Using license ; in- 
dulging freedom to excess ; unrestrained bylaw or moral- 
ity ; loose; dissolute. 2. Exceeding the limits of law or 
propriety ; wantcm ; unrestrained. 

LI-CEN'TIOUS-LY, adv. With excess of liberty ; in con 
tempt of law and motality. 

LI-CEN'TIOUS-NESS, n. Excessive indulgence of liberty 
contempt of the just restraints of law^ morality and deco- 
rum. 

tLICH, a. [Sax. lie. See Like.] Like; even; equal. 
Qower. 

LI€H, 71. [Sax. lie, or lice.] A dead body or corpse ; licha- 
ma, a living body ; hence liclnoake, watching with the 
dead ; Lichfield, the field of dead bodies. 

Ll'CllEN, n. [L.] 1. In botany, the name for an extensive 
division of cryptogainian plants, which appear in the form 
of thin, flat crusts, covering rocks and the bark of trees. 
— 2. In surgery, a species of impetigo, appearing in the 
form of a red, dry, rough, and somewhat prurient spot, 
that gives off" small furfuraceous scales. 

LI-CHEN-0-GRAPH'I€, ) a. Pertaining to lichenog- 

LI-€HEN-0-GRAPH'I-€AL, \ raphy. 

LI-€HEN-OG'RA-PmST, n. One who describes the lich- 
ens. 

LI-€I-IEN-OG'RA-PHY, n. [lichen, and Gr.ypacpw.] A de- 
scription of the vegetables called lichens ; the science 
which illustrates the natural history of the lichens. 

LICH'-OWL, 71. A sort of owl, by the vulgar supposed to 
foretell death. 

LICIT, a. [L. lidtus.] Lawful. 

LIC'IT-LY, adv. Lawfully. 

LiC'IT-NESS, n. Lawfulness. 

LIf'K, V. t, [Sax. liccian ; D. likken,] 1. To pass or draw 
the tongue over the surface. 2. To lap ; to take in by the 
tongue. — To lick up, to devour ; to consume entirely. — To 
lick the dust, to be slain ; to perish in battle. 

LICK, 71. In America,?i place where beasts of the forest lick 
for salt, at salt springs. 

LICK, n. [W. lla^.] 1. A blow ; a stroke; [not an elegant 
word.] 2. A wash ; something rubbed on ; [obs.] 



* See Synopsis. M5VE, BOQK, D6VE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K , O as J ; S? as 7. ; CH as SH T"H as in this, t Obsolete 



LIF 



496 



LIG 



LTGK:, v. t. To strike repeatedly for punishment ; to flog ; 
to cliastise with blows. [JSTot an elesrant word.] 

JLICK'ER, 71. One that licks. 

LieK'ER-ISH, a. [D., Dan. lekker ; G. lecker.] 1. Nice 
in the choice of food ; dainty. 2. Eager ; greedy to swal- 
low ; eager to taste or enjoy ; having a keen relish. 3. 
Dainty ; tempting the appetite. 

LI€K'ER-ISH-LY, adv. Daintily. 

LI€K'ER-ISH-NESS, n. Niceness of palate : daintiness. 

liie O-RlCE, n. [It. liqvirizia.] A plant. 

tLie'O-ROUS, tLI€'0-ROUS-NESS, for lickerish, &c. 

Lie'TOR, n. [L.] An officer among the Romans, who bore 
an axe and fasces or rods, as ensigns of his office. 

LID, 71. [Sax. hlid.] A cover ; that which shuts the opening 
of a vessel or box. 

*LIE, water impregnated with alkaline salt, is written lye, 
1:i distinguish it from lie, a falsehood'. 

LIE, n. [Sax. lig, or lyge.] 1. A criminal falsehood ; a 
falsehood uttered for the purpose of deception ; an inten- 
tional violation of truth. 2. A fiction. 3. False doctrine. 

4. An idolatrous picture of God, or a false god. 5. That 
which deceives and disappoints confidence. — To give the 
lie, to charge with falsehood. 

LIE, V. i. [Sax. ligan, leogan.] 1. To Utter falsehood with 
an intention to deceive, or with an immoral design. 2. 
To exhibit a false representation ; to say or do that which 
deceives another, when he has a right to know the truth, 
or when morality requires a just representation. 

LIE, V. i. ; pret. lay ; pp. lain, [lien, obs.] [Sax. ligan, or 
liegan ; Goth, ligan.] 1. To be in a horizontal position, 
or nearly so, and to rest on any thing lengthwise, and not 
on the end. 2. To rest in an inclining posture ; to lean. 
3. To rest ; to press on. 4. To be reposited in the grave. 

5. To rest on a bed or couch ; to be prostrate. 6. To be 
situated. 7. To be ; to rest ; to abide ; to remain ; often 
followed by some word denoting a particular condition. 
8. To consist. 9. To be sustainable in law ; to be capa- 
ble of being maintained. 

To lie at, to tease or importune ; [little used.]— To lie at 
the heart, to be fixed as an object of affection or anxious 
desire. — To lie by. 1. To be reposited, or remaining with. 
2. To rest ; to intermit labor.— T'o lie in the loay, to be an 
obstacle or impediment.— T'o lie hard or heavy, to press ; 
to oppress ; to burden. — To lie on ho.nd, to be or remain in 
possession ; to remain unsold or undisposed of.— T'o lie on 
the hands, to remain unoccupied or unemployed ; to be 
tedious. — To lie on the head, to be imputed. — To lie in 
wait, to wait for in concealment ; to lie in ambush ; to 
watch for an opportunity to attack or seize.— T'o lie in one, 
to be in the power of; to belong to.— To lie doion, to lay 
the body on the ground or other level place ; also, to go to 
rest.— To lie m, to be in childbed ; to bring forth young. 

— To lie under, to be subject to ; to suffer ; to be oppressed 
by.— T'o lie on or up nn, to be a matter of obligation or duty. 

— To lie with. 1. To lodge or sleep with ; also, to have 
carnal knowledge of. 2. To belong to.— T'o lie over, to 
remain unpaid, after the time when payment is due.— To 
liejo, to be stationarv, as a ship. 

tLlEF, a. [Sax. leof;'D. lief.] Dear; beloved. 

LIeF, adv. Gladly ; willingly ; freely ; used in familiar 
speech, in the phrase, I had as lief go as not. 

LIeGE, a. [It. ligio ; Fr. lige.] 1. Bound by a feudal ten- 
ure ; obliged to be faithful and loyal to a superior, as a 
vassal to his lord ; subject ; faithful ; as, a liege man. 2. 
Sovereign ; as, a liege lord. 

LIeGE, n. 1. A vassal holding a fee by which he is bound 
to perform certain sennces and duties to his lord. 2. A 
lord or superior ; a sovereign. 

*L^eGE'-MAN, n. A vassal ; a subject. Shak. 

LIe'GER, n. [more properly legier,' or ledger.] A resident 
embassador. Denham. 

t Li'EN. The obsolete participle of lie. See Lain. 

LT'EN, n. A legal claim ; as, a lien upon land. 

LI-EN-TER'I€, a. Pertaining to a lientery. Greic. 

LI'EN-TER-Y, n. [Fr. Kenteric.] A flux of the bowels, in 
which the aliments are discharged undigested. 

Ll'ER, V. One who lies down ; one who rests or remains. 

IJEu, [lu] n. [Fr.] Place ; room ; stead. It is used only 
with in. 

* LIEu-TEN'AN-CY, (lu-ten'an-sy) v. 1. The office or com- 
mission of a lieutenant. 3. The body of lieutenants. 

*LIEU-TENiANT, (lu-ten'ant) n. [Fr.] 1. An officer who 
supplies the place of a superior in his absence. — 2. In mil- 
itary affairs, the second commissioned officer in a compa- 
ny of infantry, cavalry or artillery. — 3. In ships of war, 
the officer next in rank to the captain. 

* LJEU-TEN'ANT-SHIP. See Lieutenancy. 

LIeVE, for Zie/, is vulgar. See Lief. 

LIeV'RITE, n. A mineral, called also yenite. 

LIFE, n. ,• plu. Lives. [Sax. lif, lyf; S'w. lif.] 1. In a gen- 
era! sense, that state of animals' and plants, or of an or- 
ganized being, in which its natural functions and motions 
are performed. — 2. In animals, animation ; vitality ; and 
in man, that state of being in wliich tlie soul and body are 



united.— 3. In plants, the state in which they grow or are 
capable of growtli, by means of tlie circulation of the sap. 
4. The present state of existence ; the time from birth to 
death. 5. Manner of living ; conduct ; deportment, in 
regard to morals. 6. Condition ; course of living, in re- 
gard to happiness and misery. 7. Blood, tlie supposed ve 
hide of animation. 8. Animals in general ; animal being 
9. System of animal nature. 10. Spirit ; animation ; brisk- 
ness ; vivacity ; resolution. 11. The living form ; real 
person or state ; in opposition to a copy. 12. Exact re 
semblance. 13. General state of man, or of social man- 
ners. 14. Condition ; rank in society. 15. Common oc- 
currences ; course of things ; human affairs. 16. A per- 
son ; a living being ; usually, or always, a human being. 
17. Narrative of a past life ;" history of the events of life ; 
biographical narration. — 18. In Scripture, nourisliment ; 
support of life. 19. The stomach or appetite. 20. The 
enjoyments or blessings of the present life. 21. Supreme 
felicity. 22. Eternal happiness in heaven. Rom. v. 23. 
Restoration to life. Rom. v. 24. The Author and Giver 
of supreme felicity. 25. A quickening, animating and 
strengthening principle, in a moral sense. 2G. The state 
of being in force, or the term for which an instrument has 
legal operation. 

LiFE'-BLoOD, n. 1. The blood necessary to life ; vital 
blood. Dry den. 2. That which constitutes or gives 
strength and energy. 

LiFE'-BLoOD, a. Necessary as blood to life ; essential. 

LIFE-E-STATE', n. An estate that continues during the 
life of the possessor. 

LIFE-EV-ER-LAST'ING, n. A plant of the genus gnapha- 
lium. 

LiFE'-GIV-ING, a. Having power to give life ; inspiriting j 
invigorating. Milton. 

LiFE'GUARD, n. A guard of the life or person ; a guard 
that attends the person of a prince, or other person. 

LiFE'LESS, a. 1 , Dead ; deprived of life. 2. Destitute of 
life ; unanimated. 3. Destitute of power, force, vigor or 
spirit ; dull ; heavy ; inactive. 4. Void of spirit ; vapid j 
as liquor. 5. Torpid. 6. Wanting physical energy. 

LTFE'LESS-LY, adv. Without vigor; dully; frigidly; 
heavily. 

LiFE'LESS-NESS, n. Destitution of life, vigor and spirit ; 
inactivity. 

LTFE'LiKE, a. Like a living person. Pope. 

LiFE'RENT, n. The rent of an estate that continues foi 
life. 

LTFE'STRING, n. A nerve or string that is imagined to be 
essential to life. 

LTFE'TIME, n. The time that life continues ; duration of 
life. Addison. 

LTFE'WeA-RY, a. Tired of life ; weary of living. 

LIFT, V. t. [Sw. lyfta ; Dan. lofter.] 1. To raise ; to ele 
vate. 2. To raise ; to elevate mentally. 3. To raise ir 
fortune. 4. To raise in estimation, dignity or rank. 5 
To elate ; to cause to swell, as with pride. 6. To bear . 
to support. 7. To steal, that is, to take and carry away 
— 8. In Scripture, to crucify. 

To lift up the eyes. 1. To look ; to fix the eyes on. 2. To 
direct the desires to God in prayer. Ps. cxxi. — To lift up 
the head. 1. To raise from a low condition ; to exalt. 
Oev. xl. 2. To rejoice. Luke xxi.— To lift up the hand. 
1. To swear, or to confirm by oath. Oen. xiv. 2. To 
raise the hands in prayer. Ps. xxviii. 3. To rise in op- 
position to ; to rebel ; to assault. 2 Sam. xviii. 4. To in- 
jure or oppress. Job xxxi. 5. To shake off sloth and en- 
gage in duty. Heb. xii. — To lift up the face, to look to 
with confidence, cheerfulness and comfort. Job xxii.— 
To lift up the heel against, to treat with insolence and 
contempt. — T'o lift up the /torvi, to behave arrogantly or 
scornfully. Ps. Ixxv.— To lift up the feet, to come speedi- 
ly to one's relief. Ps. Ixxiv, — To lift up the voice, to cry 
aloud ; to call out, either in grief or joy. Oen. xxi 

LIFT, v.i. 1. To try to raise ; to exert the strength for the 
purpose of raising or bearing. 2. To practice tlief*- ; [obs.] 

LIFT, n. 1. The act of raising; a lifting. 2. An effort to 
raise ; [popular use.] 3. That which is to be raised. 4. 
A dead lift, an ineffectual effort to raise ; or the thing 
which the strength is not sufficient to raise. 5. Any thing 
to be done which exceeds the strength ; or a state of ina- 
bility. 6. A rise ; a degree of elevation. — 7. [Sax. lyft ; 
Sw. luft.] In Scottish, the sky ; the atmosphere ; the firma- 
ment. — 8. In seamen^s language, a rope descending from 
the cap and mast-head to the extremity of a yard. 

LIFT'ED, pp. Raised ; elevated ; swelled with pride. 

LIFT'ER, n. One that lifts or raises. 

LIFTTNG, ppr. Raising ; swelling with pride. 

LIFT'ING, n. The act of lifting ; assistance. 

fLTG, v.i. Tolie. [See Lie.] Chaucer. 

LIG'A-MENT, n. [L. ligamentum.] 1. Any thing that ties 
or unites one thing or part to another. — 2. In anatomy, a 
strong, compact substance, serving to bind one bone to 
another. 3. Bond ; chain ; that which binds or re 
strains. 



.^ee Synopsis. A, E, 1, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY <— PIN, MARtNE, BIRD ;- f Obsolete. 



LIG 



497 



UK 



LIG-A-MENT'AL, ) a. Composing a ligament ; of the na- 

LIG-A-MENT'OUS, \ ture of a ligament ; binding. 

LI-Ga'TION, n. [L. ligatio.] The act of binding, or state 
of being bound. Addison. 

LIG'A-TURE, n. [Fr. ; L. ligatura.] 1. Any thing that 
binds ; a band or bandage.' 2. The act of binding. 3. 
Impotence induced by magic. — 4. In music, a band or line 
connecting notes. — 5. Among printers, a double character, 
or a type consisting of two letters or charaters united ; as 

< ^, ^, in English. 6. The state of being bound.— 7. In 
medicine, stiSness of a joint. — 8. In surgery, a cord or 
string for tying the blood vessels, particularly the arteries, 
to prevent hemorrhage. 

Light, (llte) n. [Sax. leoht, liht ; D., G. licht.] 1. That 
ethereal agent or matter which makes objects perceptible 
to the sense of seeing, but the particles of which are sepa- 
rately invisible. 2. That flood of luminous rays which 
flows from the sun, artd constitutes day. 3. Day ; the 
dawn of day. 4, Life. 5. Any thing that gives light, as 
a lamp, candle, taper, lighted tower, star, &c. (j. The 
illuminated part of a picture •, opposed to shade. 7. Illu- 
mination of mind ; instruction ; knowledge. 8. Means 
of knowing. 9. Open view ; a visible state. 10. Public 
view or notice. 11. Explanation ; illustration ; means of 
understanding. 12. Pomt of view ; situation to be seen 
or viewed. 13. A window ; a place that admits light to 
enter. 14. A pane of glass. — 15. In Scripture, God, the 
Source of knowledge. 16. Christ. John i. 17. Joy ; 
comfort J felicity. 18. Saving knowledge. 19. Prosperi- 
ty ; happiness. 20. Support j comfort ; deliverance, jlfic. 
vii. 2i. The gospel. Matt. iv. 22. The understanding 
or judgment. Matt. vi. 23. The gifts and graces of 
Christians. Matt. v. 24. A moral instructor, as John the 
Baptist. John v. 25. A true Christian, a person enlight- 
ened. Eph. V. 26. A good king, the guide of his people. 
Sain. xxi. — The light of the countenance, favor j smiles. 
Ps. iv. — To stand in one's own light, to be the means of 
preventing good, or frustrating one's own purposes. — To 
come to light, to be detected ; to be discovered or found. 

IjIGHT, (lite) a. 1. Bright j clear: not dark or obscure. — 2. 
In colors, white or whitish. 

Light, (lite) a. [Sax. liht, leoht; D. ligt ; G. leicht ; Fr. 
legcr.] 1. Having little weight ; not tending to the centre 
of gravity with force ; not heavy. 2 Not burdensome ; 
easy to be lifted, borne or carried by physical strength. 
3. Not oppressive ; easy to be suffered or endured. 4. 
Easy to be performed j not difficult; not requiring great 
strength or exertion. 5. Easy to be digested ; not oppres- 
sive to the stomach. 6. Not heavily armed, or armed 
with light weapons. 7. Active ; swift ; nimble. 8. Not 
encumbered ; unembarrassed ; clear of impediments. 9. 
Not laden ; not deeply laden ; not sufficiently ballasted. 
10. Slight; trifling; not important. 11. Not dense; not 
gross. 12. Small ; inconsiderable ; not copious or vehe- 
ment. 13. Not strong ; not violent ; moderate. 14. Easy 
to admit influence ; inconsiderate ; easily influenced by 
trifling considerations ; unsteady ; unsettled ; volatile. 
15. Gay ; airy ; indulging levity ; wanting dignity or so- 
lidity ; trifling. 16. Wanton ; unchaste ; as, a woman of 
light carriage. 17. Not of legal weight ; clipped ; dimin- 
ished. — To set light by, to undervalue ; to slight ; to treat 
as of no importance ; to despise. — To make light of, to 
treat as of little consequence ; to slight ; to disregard. 

LIGHT, (lite) v. t. 1. To kindle ; to inflame ; to set fire to. 
2. To give light to. 3. To illuminate ; to fill or spread 
over with light. 4. To lighten ; to ease of a burden ; [ofc.] 

Light, (llte) v. i. [Sax. lihtan, alihtan, gelihtan..] 1. To 
fall on ; to come to by chance ; to happen to find ; with 
on. 2. To fall on ; to strike. 3. To descend, as from a 
horse or carriage. 4. To settle ; to rest ; to stoop from 
flight. 

hlGHT, ado. Lightly; cheaply. Hooker. 

LTGHT'-ARMED, a. Armed with light weapons. 

LiGHT'-BEaR-ER, 71. A torch-bearer. B. Jonson. 

LiGHT'-BRAIN, 7i. An empty headed person. Martin. 

LiGHT'ED, (li'ted) pp. Kindled ; set on fire ; caused to 
burn. [Lit, for lighted, is inelegant.] 

LiGHT'EN, (li'tn) v. i. [Sax. lihtan.] 1. To flash ; to burst 
forth or dart, as lightning ; to shine with an instantaneous 
illumination. 2. To shine like lightning. 3. To fall ; to 
light; [obs.] 

LiGHT'EN, (li'tn) v. t. 1. To dissipate darkness ; to fill 
with light ; to spread over with light ; to illuminate ; to 
enlighten. 2. To illuminate with knowledge. 3. To free 
from trouble and fill with joy. 

LiGHT'EN, (li'tn) v. t. [Sax. lihtan.] 1. To make lighter ; 
to reduce in weight ; to make less heavy. 2. To allevi- 
ate ; to make less burdensome or aflSictive. 3. To cheer ; 
to exhilarate. 

LTGHT'ER, (li'ter) n. 1. One that lights. 2. A large, open, 
flat-bottomed boat, used in loading and unloading 
ships. 

LTGHT'ER-MAN, (li'ter-man) n. A man who manages a 
lighter; a boatman. 



LTGHT'FIN-GERED, a. Dextrous in taking and convey 
jngaway ; thievish ; addicted to petty thetts. 

LiGHT'FOOT, ) a. Nimble in running or dancing . 

LIGHT'FOOT-ED, J active. [Little zised.f 

LiGHT'HEAD-ED, a. 1. Thoughtless ; heedless ; weak ; 
volatile ; xmsteady 2. Disordered in the head ; dizzy : 
delirious. 

Light HEAD-ED-NESS, n. Disorder of the head ; dizzi- 
ness ; deliriousness. 

LIGHT HEART-ED, a. Free from grief or anxiety ; gay ; 
cheerful ; merry. 

LlGHT'-HORSE, n. Light-armed cavalry. 

Light '-HOUSE, 71. a pharos ; a tower or building with a 
light or number of lamps on the top intended to direct 
seamen in navigating ships at night. 

LiGHT'LEGGED, a. Nimble ; swift of foot. Sidney. 

LiGHT'LESS, (llte'les) a. Destitute of light ; dark. 

LiGHT'LY, (lite-ly) adv. 1. With little weight. 2. With- 
out deep impression. 3. Easily; readily; without diffi- 
culty ; of course. 4. Without reason, or for reasons of 
little weight. 5. Without dejection ; cheerfully. 6. Not 
chastely ; wantonly. 7. Nimbly ; with agility ; not heav- 
ily or tardily. 8. Gayly ; airily ; with levity ; without 
heed or care. 

LiGHT'MlND-ED, a. Unsettled ; unsteady ; volatile ; not 
considerate. 

LiGHT'NESS, (lite'nes) ?!. 1. Want of weight ; levity. 2. 
Inconstancy ; unsteadiness ; the quality of mind which 
disposes it to be influenced by trifling considerations. 3. 
Levity ; wantonness ; lewdness ; unchastity. 4 Agility ; 
nimbleness, 

LiGHT'NING, (llte'ning) n. 1. A sudden discharge of elec- 
tricity from a cloud to the earth, or from the earth to a 
cloud, or from one cloud to another, producing a vivid 
flash of light, and usually a loud report, called thunder. 
2. Abatement ; alleviation ; mitigation. Spectator. 

LiGHT'ROOM, 7!. In a ship of war, a small apartment, 
having double glass windows towards the magazine, and 
containing lights by which the gunner fills cartridges. 

Lights, (lites) n. pin. The lungs ; the organs of breathing 
hi animals. 

LiGHT'SoME, a. 1. Luminous ; not dark ; not obscure. 2. 
Gay ; airy ; cheering ; exhilarating. Hooker. 

LiGHT'SoME-NESS, n. 1. Luminousness ; the quality of 
being light. 2. Cheerfulness ; merriment ; levity. 

LIG-NAL'oES, n. [L. lignum, and aloes.] Aloes-wood. 
JVumb. xxiv 

LIG'NE-OUS. a ■ L, ligneus.] Wooden ; made of wood ; 
consisting of wood ; resembling wood. 

LIG-NI-FI-€a'TION, n. The process of converting into 
wood, or the hard substance of a vegetable. 

LIG'NI-FORM, a. [L. lignum, and form.] Like wood ; re- 
sembling wood. Eirican. 

LIG'NI-Fy, v. t. [L. lignum and facio.] To convert into 
wood. 

LIG'NI-FY, V. I. To become wood. 

LIG'NITE, 71. [\^. lignum.] Fossil or bituminous wood, a 
mineral combustible substance. 

LIG'NOUS, a. Ligneous. [Little iLsed.] Evelyn. 

LIG'NUM-Vl'T^, 71. [L.] Quaiacum, or pockwood, a 
genus of plants, natives of warm climates. 

LIG'U-LA-TED "" t^* ^^S'"-^"''] ^^^^ * bandage or strap 

LIG'URE, 71. A kind of precious stone. Ex.xxwni. 

LIG'U-RITE, 71. [from Liguria.] A mineral. 

LIKE, a. [Sax. lie, gelic ; Goth, leiks ; Sw. lik.] 1. Equal in 
quantity, quality or degree. 2. Similar ; resembling ; 
having resemblance. 3. Probable ; likely, that is, having 
the resemblance or appearance of an event ; giving reason 
to expect or believe. 

LIKE, 7(. [elUpticaWy, for like thing, like person.] 1. Some 
person or thing resembling another; an equal. 2. Had 
like, in the phrase " he had like to be defeated," seems to 
be a corruption ; but it is authoi'ized by good usage. 

LIKE, adv. 1. In the same manner. 2. In a manner be- 
coming. 3. Likely ; probably. 

LIKE, V. t. [Sax. licean, lician ; Goth, leikan.] 1. To be 
pleased with in a moderate degree ; to approve. It ex- 
presses less than /o7;e and delight. 2. To please; to be 
agreeable to ; [obs.] 3. To liken ; [obs.] 

LIKE, V. i. 1. To be pleased ; to choose ; as, "he may go 
or stay, as he likes." Locke. 2. To like of, to be pleased ; 
[obs.] Knolles. 

LiKE'LI-HOOD, 7!. 1. Probability ; verisunilitude ; ap- 
pearance of truth or reality. 2. Appearance; show; re- 
semblance ; [obs.] 

LiKE'LI-NESS, n. 1. Probability. 2. The qualities that 
please. 

LiKE'LY, a. [that is, like-like.] Piobable ; that may be 
rationally thought or believed to have taken place in time 
past, or to be true now or hereafter ; such as is more 
reasonable than the contrary. 2. Such as may be liked ; 
p!e3sing. — In England, likely is equivalent to handscinef 
well-formed ; as a likely man, a likely horse. — In America^ 



See Synopsis, 



MOVE, BOOK, DnVE ;— BULL, UNITE. 
' '32 



-CasKjGasJ, Sa3Z;CHasSH;THaainfAw. t Obsolete. 



I 



LIM 



498 



LIN 



Ihe word is applied to the endowments of the mind, 
and a likely man denotes a man of good character and 
talents. 

LTKE'LY, adv. Probably. Olanville. 

LiKE'MlND-ED, a. Having a like disposition or purpose. 
Rom. XV. 

lii'KEN, (ll'kn) V. t. [Sw. likna.] To compare j to represent 
as resembling or similar. 

Li'KENED, pj?. Compared. 

LiKE'NESS, n. 1. Resemblance in form; similitude. 2. 
Resemblance ; form ; external appearance. 3. One that 
resembles another ; a copy ; a counterpart. 4. An image, 
picture or statue, resembling a person or thing. 

LrKEN-ING, ppr. Comparing ; representing as similar. 

LiKE'WiSE, adv. In like manner ; also ; moreover ; too. 

LiK'ING, ppr. of like. 1. Approving ; being pleased with. 
2. a. Plump ; fall ; of a good appearance ; [obs.] 

LiK'ING, ?i. 1. A good state of body ; healthful appearance ; 
plumpness. 2. State of trial ; [obs.] 3. Inclination ; pleas- 
ure. 4. Delieht in ; pleasure in ; with to. 

Li'LAC, 71. [Fr. lilas / Sp. lilac] A plant or shrub of the 
genus syringa, a native of Persia. 

LIL A-LITE, iu A species of argillaceous earth. 

LILt-I-A'CEOUS, a. [L. liliaceus.] Pertaining to lilies ; lily- 
like. Martyn. 

LIL'IED, a. Embellished with lilies. Milton. 

LILL, V. t. [Sp.e Loll.] Speiiser. 

LILT, V. i. 1. To do any thing with dexterity or quickness ; 
[local.J- Pegge. 2. To sing or play on the bagpipe. 

LIL'Y, n. [L. lilium.] A genus of plants of many species, 
producing flowers of great beauty and vai-iety of colors.— 
Lihi of the valley, a plant of the genus convallaria. 

LIL'Y-DAF'FO-DIL, n. A plant and flower. 

LIL'Y-HAND-ED, a. Having white, delicate hands. 
Spenser. 

LIL'Y-HY'A-CINTH, n. A plant. Miller. 

LIL'Y-LIV-ERED, a. White-livered; cowardly. SJiak. 

LI-Ma'TION, n. [L. limo.] The act of filing or polishing. 

Li'MA-TURE, n. [L. limo.] 1. A filing. 2. Filings ; parti- 
cles rubbed ofi'by filing. Johnson. 

LIMB, (lim) 71. [Sax. lim ,• Dan., Sw. lent ; L. limbus.] 1. 
Edge or border. — 2. In anatomy, and in common use, an ex- 
tremity of the human body ; a member; a projecting part; 
as the arm or leg ; that is, a shoot. 3. The branch of a 
tree ; applied only to a branch of some size, and not to a 
small twig — 4. In botany, the border or upper spreading 
part of a monopetalous corol. 

LIMB, (lim) V. t. To supply with limbs. Milton. 2. To 
dismember; to tear off" the limbs, 

LIM'BAT, 71. A cooling periodical wind in Cyprus. 

tLIM'BEC, 71, [contracted from aZe?n6ic.] A still. 

LIM'BEC, V. t. To strain or pass through a still. Sandys. 

LIMBED, a. In composition, formed with regai'd to limbs. 

LIM'BER, a. Easily bent ; flexible ; pliant ; yielding.— In 
.America, it is applied to material things ; as a limber rod. 

LIM'BER, n. In a ship, a square hole cut through the 
floor timbers, as a passage for water to the pump- 
well, 

LIM'BER-NESS, n. The quality of being easily bent ; flex- 
ibieness ; pliancy. 

LIM'BERS, 71. 1. A two-wheeled carriage, having boxes 
for ammunition. 2. Thills ; shafts of a carriage ; [local.] 

LIM'BI LITE, n. A mineral from Limbourg in Swabia, 

LIMB'LESS, a. Destitute of limbs, Massinger. 

LIMB'-MeAL, a. Piece-meal, Shak. 

LIM'BO, ) 71. [L. limbns.] 1, A region bordering on hell, 

LIM'BUS, \ or hell itself. 2, A place of restraint. 

LIME, n. [Sax. lim ; Sw.-, Dan. lim ; L. Umus.] 1. A vis- 
cous substance, sometimes laid on twigs for catching 
birds. 2. Calcarious earth, oxyd of calcium. 3. The 
linden tree, 4. [Fr. lime.] Aspecies of acid fruit, smaller 
than the lemon, 

LIME, •«, t. [Sax. geliman.] 1. To smear with a viscous 
substance. 2. To entangle ; to ensnare. 3. To manure 
jvith lime. 4. To cement. 

LiME'-BURN-ER, 71. One who burns stones to lime. 

LiMED, pp. Smeared with lime ; entangled ; manured with 
lime. 

LIME'-HOUND, n. A dog used in hunting the wild boar ; 
a limer Spenser. 

LIME'-KILN, (lime'kil) n. A furnace in which stones 
or shells are exposed to a strong heat and reduced to 
lime. 

LTME'STONE, n. Stone of which lime is made by the ex- 
pulsion of its carbonic acid, or fix-ed air. 

LiME'TWIG, n. A twig smeared with lime. Milton. 

LiME'TWIGGED, a. Smeared with lime. Addison. 

LiME'WA-TER, n. Water impregnated with lime. 

LiM'ING, ;»pr. Daubing with viscous matter; entangling; 
manuring with lune. 

LIM'IT, 71. [li. limes.] 1. Bound ; border ; utmost extent ; 
the part that terminates a thing. 2. The thing which 
bounds ; restraint.— 3. Limits, plu. the extent of the liber- 
ties of a prison. 



LIM'IT, v.t. 1. To bound ; to set bounds to, 2. To con- 
fine within certaui bounds ; to circumscribe ; to restrain. 
3. To restrain from a lax or general signification, 

LIM'I-TA-BLE, a. That may be limited, circumscribed, 
bounded or restrained, Hume. 

LIM-I-Ta'NE-OUS, a. Pertaining to bounds. Diet. 

LIM-I-Ta'RI-AN, a. That limits or circumscribes. 

LIM-I-Ta'RI-AN, ?!. One that limits ; one who holds the 
doctrine that a part of the human race only are to be 
saved. Huntington. 

LIM'I-TA-RY, a. Placed at the liait, as a guard. 

LIM-I-Ta'TION, n. [L. limitatio.] ], The act of bounding 
or circumscribing.— 2. Restriction ; restraint ; circumscrip- 
tion. 3. Restriction ; confinement from a lax, indeterm- 
inate import. 4. A certain precinct within which friars 
were allowed to beg or exercise their functions. 

LIM'IT-ED, pp. 1. Bounded ; circumscribed ; restrained. 
2. a. Narrow ; circumscribed. 

LIM'IT-ED-LY, adv. With limitation. 

LIM'IT-ED-NESS, 7!. State of being limited. Parker. 

LIM'IT-ER, 77, 1, He or that which limits or confines, 2. 
A friar licensed to beg within certain bounds, or whose 
duty was limited to a certain district, 

LIM'IT-LESS, a. Having no limits ; unbounded, 

LIM'MER, 7!, I. A Imiehound ; a mongrel, 2. A dog engen- 
dered between a hound and a mastiff. 3. A thill or 
shaft; [local. See Limber,] 4. A thill-horse ; [local.] 

LIMN, (lim) V. t. [Fr. cnluminer ; L. lumino.] To draw or 
paint ; or to paint in water-colors. Encyc. 

LIMNED, (limd) ;jj7. Painted, 

LIM'NER, 77. [Fr. enlumineur ; L. illuminator.] 1. One that 
colors or paints on paper or parcliment ; one who deco 
rates books with initial pictures, 2. A portrait painter. 

LIMNING, ppr. Drawing ; painting ; painting in water 
colors, 

LIM'NING, 7?. The act or art of drawing or painting in 
_water-co[ors, Addison. 

Li'MOUS, a. [L, limosus.] Muddy ; slimy ; thick. 

LIMP, V. i. [Sax, lemp-healt.] To halt ; to walk lamely. 

LIMP, 77, A halt ; act of limping, 

t LIMP, a. Vapid; weak. Walton. 

LIMP'ER, ri. One that limps. 

LIM'PET, n. [L. lepas.] A univalve shell of the genus 
patella, adhering to rocks. 

LIM'PID, a. [L, limpidus.] Pure ; clear ; transparent. 

LIM'PID-NESS, n. Clearness ; purity. 

LIMP'ING, ppr. Halting ; walking lamely. 

LIMP'ING-LY, adv. Lamely ; in a halting manner. 

LIM'SY, a. [W. llymsi.] Weak ; flexible. JVezc England. 

Ll'MY, a. [See Lime.] 1. Viscous; glutinous. 2. Con- 
taining lime. 3. Resembling lime ; having the qualities of 
lime. 

fLIN, V. i. [Ice. linna.] To yield, 

t LIN, 71. [Celtic] A pool or mere, 
j LINCH, 7!. A ledge ; a rectangular projection. Jennings. 

LIN'COLN-GREEN, 71. The color of stuff or cloth made for- 
merly at Lincoln. Spenser. 

LINCH'PIN, 71. [SsiX. lynis.] A pin used to prevent the 
wheel of a carriage from sliding off the axle-tree. 

LINCT'URE, 7(. [L. linctus.] Medicine taken by licking. 

LIN'DEN, orLIND, 7?, [Sax., Sw., Dan, ZiTirf.] The lime- 
tree, or teil-tree, of the genus tilia. Dryden. 

LINE,?!. [L. linca ; Fr. ligne.] ]. In ^eo?«eir?/, a quantity ex- 
tended in length, without breadth or thickness ; or a limit 
terminating a surface. 2. A slender string ; a small cord 
or rope. 3. A thread, string or cord extended to direct 
any operation. 4. Lineament ; a mark in the hand or 
face. 5. Delineation ; sketch. 6. Contour ; outline ; ex- 
terior limit of a figure. — 7. In writing, printing, and en- 
graving, the words and letters which stand on a level in 
one row, between one margin and another. — 8. In poetry, 
a verse, or the words which form a certain number of 
feet, according to the measure, 9. A short letter ; a note. 
10, A rank or row of soldiers, or tiie disposition of an 
army drawn up with an extended front ; or the like dis- 
position of a fleet prepared for engagement. 11. A trench or 
rampart ; an extended work in fortification. 12. Method ; 
disposition. 13. Extension ; limit ; border. 14. Equator; 
equinoctial circle. 15. A series or succession of progeny 
or relations, descending from a common progenitor. 16. 
The twelfth part of an inch. 17. A straight extended 
mark. 18, A straight or parallel direction, 19, Occupa- 
tion ; employment ; department or course of business, 
20. Course ; dhection. 21. Lhit or flax. — 92. In heraldry, 
lines are the figures used in armorie^to divide the shield 
into different parts, and to compose different figures. — 23. 
In Scripture, line signifies a cord for measuring ; also, in 
struction, doctrine. Is. xxviii. 

A right line, a straight or direct line ; the shortest line 
that can be drawn between two points, — Horizontal 
line, a line drawn parallel to the horizon. — Equinoc- 
tial line, in geography, a great circle on the earth's 
surface, at 90 degrees distance from each pole, and bi- 
secting the earth at that part, — In astronomy, the circle 



♦ See Synopsis. A, E, X, 5, U, "S", long.—FAB.,- FALL, WH^T j— PRgY j— PIN, MARINE, BIRD j— f Obsolete. 



LIN 



499 



Lia 



which the sun seems to describe in fllarch and September, 
when the days and nights are of equal length. — Meridian 
line, an imaginary circle drawn through the two poles of 
the eaith, and any part of its surface. — Jl ship of the line, 
a ship of war large enough to have a place in the line of 
battle 3 a ship carrying 74 guns or more. 

LINE, V. t. [L. linum/] 1. To cover on the inside. 2. To 
put in the inside. 3. To place along by the side of any 
thing for guarding. 4. To strengthen by additional 
works or men. 5. To cover ; to add a covering. 6. To 
strengthen with any thing added. 7. To impregnate ; ap- 
plied to irrational animals. 

LIN'E-A6E, 71. [Fr. lignage.] Race ; progeny ; descend- 
ants in a line from a common progenitor. 

LLN'E-AL, c. [Ij. linealis.] 1. Composed of lines 5 deline- 
ated. 2. In a direct line nom an ancestor. 3. Hereditary ; 
derived from ancestors. Shak. 4. Allied by direct de- 
scent. 5. In the direction of a line. — Lineal measure, the 
measure of length. 

LIN-E-AL'I-TY, n. The state of being in the formof a line. 
Am. Review. 

LIJV'E-AL-LY, adv. In a direct line. 

LIN'E-A-MENT, n. [Fr. ; L. lineamentiun.] Feature ; form ; 
make ; the outline or exterior of a body or figure, particu- 
larly of the face. 

LIN'E-AE, a. [L. linearis.'] 1. Pertaining to a line ; consist- 
ing of lines ; in a straight direction. — 2. In botany, like a 
line ; slender 3 of the same breadth throughout, except at 
the extremities. 

LIN'E-ATE, a. In botany, marked longitudinally with de- 
pressed parallel lines ; as a lineate leaf. 

LIN-E-A'TION, n. Draught; delineation, which see. 

LilA'^ED, pp. Covered on the inside. 

LIN'EN, n. [L. linum ; It. lin.~\ 1. Cloth made of flax or 
hemp. 2. An under garment. 

LIN'EN, a. [1.. linens.] 1. Made of flax or hemp. 2. Re- 
sembling linen cloth ; white ; pale. — Fossil-linen, a kind 
of amianth. 

LIN'EN-DRa-PER, 71. A person who deals in linens.— 
Linener and linenman, in a like sense, are obsolete. 

LING, 71. [D. leng ; Ir. long.] A fish. 

LING, n. [Ice. ling.] A species of long grass ; heath. 

LING, a Saxon termination, as in darling, jbstling, denotes, 
primarily, state, condition or subject. 

LIN'GER, v.i. [Sax. leng.] 1. To delay ; to loiter; to 
remain or wait long ; to be slow. 2. To hesitate ; to be 
slow in deciding ; to be in suspense. 3. To remain long 
in any state. 

LIN'GER, V. t. To protract. Shak. 

LIN'GER-ER, 71. One who lingers. 

LIN'GER-ING, ppr. 1. Delaying ; loitering. 2. a. Drawing 
out in time ; remaining long ; protracted. 

LIN'GER-ING, 71. A delaying; a remaining long; tardi- 
ness ; protraction. Irving. 

LIN'GER-ING-LY, adv. With delay; slowly; tediously. 
Hale 

LIN'GET, 71. [Fr. lingot.] A small mass of metal. 

LIN'GLE, n. [Fr. ligneuL] Shoemaker's thread. 

LIN'GO, 71. [L. lingua.] Language ; speech. [ Vulgar.] 

t LIN-GUa'CIOUS, a. [L. linguaz.] Fullof tongue; loqua- 
cious. 

LIN-GUA-DENT'AL, a. [L. lingua and dens.] Formed or 
uttered by the joint use of the tongue and teeth ; as the 
letters d and t. Holder. 

LIN-GUA-DENT'AL, n. An articulation formed by the 
tongue and teeth. 

LIN'GUA-FORM, a. [L. lingua and form.] Having the form 
or shape of the tongue. Martyn. 

LIN'GUAL, a. [L. lingua.] Pertaining to the tongue. 

LIN'GUIST, 71. [L. lingua.] A person skilled in lan- 
guages. 

LIN'GU-LATE, a. [L. Ungulatus.] Shaped like the tongue 
or a strap. 

LING'WoRT, 71. An herb. 

LIN'6Y, a. 1. Limber; tall; flexible. Craven dialect. 2. 
Active ; strong ; able to bear fatigue. Brockett. 

LIN'I-MENT, 7t. i^Fr. ; li. linimentum.] A species of soft 
j)intment. 

LiN'ING, ppr. Covering on the inside, as a garment. 

LlN'ING, n. 1. The inner covering of any thing, as of a 
garment or a box. 2. That which is within. 

LINK, 71. [G.gelenk; Dan. lenke.] 1. A single ring or di- 
vision of a cliain. 2. Any thing doubled and closed like a 
link. 3. A chain ; any thing connecting. 4. Any single 
constituent part of a connected series. 5. A series ; a chain. 

LINK, 7!. [Gi. Xv^vos; li.lychnus.] A torch made of tow 
or hards, &c., and pitch. Dryden. 

LINK, u. f. ]. To complicate. 2. To unite or connect by 
something intervening or in another manner. 

LINK, ^•. i". To be connected. Burke. 

LINK'BOY, or LINIi'MAN, n. A boy or man that carries a 

link or torch to light passengers. Oay. 
LINKED, pp. Dnited; connected. 
LINK'ING, ppr. Uniting ; connecting. 



LIN'NET, 71. [Fr. linot.] A small singing bird of the genua 
fringilla. 

LIN'SEED. See Lintszed. 

LIN'SEY-WOOL'SEY, a. Made of linen and wool ; hence, 
vile ; mean ; of different and unsuitable parts. 

LIN'SEY-WOOL'SEY, 71. Stuff made of linen and wool 
mixed. 

LIN'STOCK, 71. A pointed staff with a crotch or fork at 
one end, to hold a lighted match ; used in firing cannon. 

LINT, 7!. [Sax. linet ,■ L. linteum.] Flax ; but more gener- 
ally, linen scraped into a soft substance, and used for 
dressing wounds and sores. 

LINT'EL, n. [Fr. linteau ; Sp. lintel.] The head-piece of a 
door-frame or window-frame ; the part of the frame that 
lies on the side pieces. 

LINT'SEED, 11. [lint and seed ; Sax. linseed.] Flaxseed. 

Li'ON, n. [Fr. ; L. leo, leonis.] 1. A quadruped of the genus 
fells, very strong, fierce and rapacious. 2. A sifisn in the 
zodiac. 

LI'ON-ESS, n. The female of the lion kind. 

Li'ON-LiKE, or Li'ON-LY, a. Like a hon ; fierce 

Li'ON-MET-TLED, a. Having the courage and spiiit of 
a lion. Hillhouse 

Li'ON'S FOOT, 71. A plant of the genus catananche. 

Li'ON 'S Leaf, 7!. a plant of the genus leonticc. 

Li'ON'S Tail, 7!. Aplant of the genus ?eo7»ww.>. 

LIP, 7!, [Sax. lippa, lippe ; D. lip ^ G., Dan. lippe.] 1. The 
edge or border of the mouth. 2. The edge of any thing. — 
3. In botany, one of the two opposite divisions of a labiate 
corol. — To make a lip, to drop the under lip in sullenness 
or contempt. 

LIP, V. t. To kiss. Shak. 

LIP-DE-Vo'TION, 71. Prayei-s uttered by the lips without 
the desires of the heart. 

LIP'-GQOD, a. Good in profession only. B. Jonson. 

LIP-La-BOR, n. Labor or action of the lips without con- 
currence of the mind ; words without sentiments. 

LIP'O-GRAM, n. [Gr. XEtTru and ypa^ua.] A writing in 
which a single letter is wholly omitted. 

LIP-0-GRAM'iMA-TIST, 71. One who writes any thing, 
dropping a single letter. Addison. 

LI-POTH'Y-MOUS, a. Swooning ; fainting. 

LI-POTH'Y-MY, 71. [Gr. Xa7ro%ta.] A fainting; aswoin. 

LIPPED, a. ]. Having lips.— 2. In botany, labiate. 

LIP'PI-TUDE, 71. [L. lippitudo.] Soreness of eyes ; bleared- 
ness. Bacon. 

LIP'-WIS-DOM, n. Wisdom in talk without practice ; wis- 
dom in words not supported by experience. 

Lia'UA-BLE, a. That may be melted. 

LI-UUa'TION, n. [L. liquatio.] 1. The act or operation of 
melting. 2. The capacity of being melted. 

Li'aUATE, V. i. [L. liquo.] To melt ; to liquefy ; to be dis- 
solved. [Little iLsed.] Woodward. 

Lia-UE-F ACTION, n. [L. Ugucfactio.] 1. The act or op- 
eration of melting or dissolving ; the conversion of a solid 
into a liquid by the sole agency of heat or caloric. 2. The 
state of being melted. 

LiaUE-Fi-A-BLE, a. That may be melted, or changed 
fi-om a sojid to a liquid state. Bacon. 

LIQ,'UE-Fi-ER, 71. That which melts any solid substance. 

Lia'UE-FY, V. t. [Fr. liquefier.] To melt ; to dissolve ; to 
convert from a fixed or solid form to that of a liquid ; to 
melt by the sole agency of heat or caloric. 

LIQ.'UE-F'S", V. i. To be melted ; to become liquid. 

LIQ,'UE-FY-ING, ppr. Melting ; becoming liquid. 

LI-Q,UES'CEN-CY, 7!. [L. liquescentia.] Aptness to melt. 

LI-aUES'CENT, a. Melting ; becoming fluid. 

LI-Q,UEuR', (le-kare') ?;. [Fr.] A spirituous cordial. 

Lia'UID, (lik'wid) a. [L. liquidus.] Fluid ; flowing or ca- 
pable of flowing ; not fixed or solid. But liquid is not pre- 
cisely synonymous withj^?«a!. Mercury and air aie Jitdd, 
but not liquid. 2. Soft ; clear ; flowing ; smooth. 3 Pro- 
nounced without any jar; smooth. 4. Dissolved; not 
obtainable by law ; [obs.] 

LICi'UID, n. 1. A fluid or flowing substance ; a substance 
whose parts change their relative position on the slightest 
pressure, and which flows on an inclined plane. — 2. In 
grammar, a letter which has a smooth flowing sound, or 
which flows smoothly after a mute ; as I and r, in bla, 
bra. .M and 71 are also called liquids 

Lia'UI-DATE, V. t. [Fr. liquider ; L. liguido.] 1. To clear 
from all obscurity. 2. To settle ; to adjust ; to ascertain 
or reduce to precision in amount. 3. To pay ; to settle, 
adjust and satisfy ; as a debt. 

Lia'UI-DA-TED, pp. Settled ; adjusted ; reduced to cer- 
tainty ; paid. 

LIQ'UI-DA-TING, ppr. Adjusting ; ascertaining ; paying. 

LIQ,-UI-Da'TION, 71. The act of settling and adjusting 
debts, or ascertaining their amount or the balance due. 

Lia'UI-DA-TOR, 71. He or that which liquidates or settles. 
E. Everett. 

LI-aUID'I-TY, 71. [Fr. liquidUe.] 1. The quality of being 
fluid or liquid. 2. Thinness. 

Lia'UID-NESS, n. The quality of being liquid ; fluency. 



* See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK. D6VE ;— B^LL, UNITE — € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH 5 TH as in thia. f Obsolete 



i 



HT 



500 



LIT 



liId'TJOR, (lik'ur) n. [Fr. liqueur ; L. liqtwr.] A liquid or 
fluid substance ; commonly applied to spirituous fluids. 

LIQ-'UOR, V. t. To moisten : to drench. \L. u.\ Bacon. 

Lia-UOR-ICE. See Licorice. 

IiIS'BON, n. A species of wine exported from Lisbon. 

LISH, a. Stout; active: strong: nimble. Grose. 

LlR'I-€ON-FAN-CY, n. A flower. 

LiR'I-POOP, 71. [Fr. liripipion.] Tlie hood of a graduate. 

-t LISNE, n. A cavity or hollow. Hale. 

LISP, V. i. [G. lispeln ; D. lispen ; Sax. vlisp, or vlips.] To 
speak with a particular articulation of the tongue and 
teeth, nearly as in pronouncing th. 

LISP, V. t. To pronounce with a lisp. 

LISP, 71. The act of lisping, as in uttering an aspirated th for s. 

LISP'ER, 71. One that lisps. 

LISP'ING, ppr. Uttering with a lisp. 

LISP'ING-LV, adv. With a lisp. Holder. 

LIS'SOM, a. [probably from Sax. lesan.] Limber ; supple ; 
relaxed ; loose ; free. 

LIST, 71. [Sax., Sw. list; It., Sp. lista ; Fr., Dan. lists.] 1. 
In comme'^ce, the border, edge or selvage of cloth ; a strip 
of cloth forming the border, 2. A line inclosing or form- 
ing the extremity of a piece of ground, or field of combat ; 
hence, the ground or field inclosed for a race or combat. 
3. A limit or boundary ; a border. — 4. In architecture, a 
little square molding ; a fillet; called also a listel. 5. A 
roll or catalogue, that is, a row or line. 6. A strip of 
cloth; a fillet. — Civil list, in Great Britain and the United 
States, the civil officers of government, as judges, embsis- 
sadors, secretaries, &c. Hence it is used for the revenues 
or appropriations of public money for the support of the 
civU ofiicers. 

LIST, V. t. 1. To enroll ; to register in a list or catalogue ; 
to enlist. 2. To engage in the public service, as soldiers. 
Dryden. 3. To inclose for combat. 4. To sew together, as 
strips of cloth ; or to form a border. 5, To cover with a 
list, or with strips of cloth. 6. To hearken ; to attend. 

LIST, V. i. To engage in public service by enrolling one's 
name ; to enlist. 

LIST, V. i. [Sax. lystan.] Properly, to lean or incline ; to 
be propense ; hence, to desire or choose. 

LIST, n. In the language of seamen, an inclination to one 
side ; as, the ship has a list to port. 

LIST'ED, pp. 1. Striped ; particolored in stripes. 2. Cov- 
ered with list. 3. Inclosed for combat. 4. Engaged in 
public service ; enrolled. 

LIST'EL, 71. A list in architecture ; a fillet. Encyc. 

LIST'EN, (lis'n) v.i. [Sax. lystanor hlystan.] 1. To heark- 
en ; to give ear ; to attend closely with a view to hear. 2. 
To obey ; to yield to advice ; to follow admonition. 

LIST'EN, (lis'n) v. t. To hear ; to attend. Shdk. 

LIST'EN-ER, 71. One who listens ; a hearkener. 

LIST'ER, 71. One v/ho makes a list or roll. 

tLIST'FUL,Vz. Attentive. Spenser. 

LIST'ING, ppr. Inclosing for combat; covering with list; 
enlisting. 

LIST'LESS, a. Not listening ; not attending ; heedless ; 
inattentive ; thoughtless ; careless. 

LIST'LESS-LY, adv. Without attention ; heedlessly. 

LIST'LESS-NESS, 7i. Inattention ; heedlessness ; indiffer- 
ence to what is passing and may be interesting. 

LIT, pret. of light ; as, the bird lit on a tree. [Inelegant.] 

LIT'A-NY, n. [Fr. litanie ; Gr. Xiravsia.] A solemn form of 
supplication, used in public worship. 

t LITE, n. A little ; a small portion. Chaucer. 

I LITE, a. Little. 

Li'TRE, or Li'TER, n. [Fr. litre.] A French measure of 
capacity ; equal to nearly 2 J wine pints. 

LIT'ER-AL, a. [Fr. ; L. litera.] 1. According to the letter ; 
primitive ; real ; not figurative or metaphorical. 2. Fol- 
lowing the letter or exact words ; not free. 3. Consisting 
oflett3rs. 

f LIT'ER-AL, n. Literal meaning. Brown. 

LIT'ER-AL-ISM, n. That which accords with the letter. 

LIT-ER-AL'I-TY, n. Original or literal meaning. Brown. 

LIT'ER-AL-LY, adv. 1. According to the primary and 
natural import of words ; not figuratively. 2. With close 
adherence to words ; word by word. 

LIT'ER-A-RY, a. [L, literarius.] 1. Pertaining to letters or 
literature; respecting learning or learned men. 2. De- 
rived from erudition, 3, Furnished with erudition ; versed- 
in letters. 4. Consisting in letters, or written or printed 
compositions 

LIT'ER-ATE, a. [L. literatus.] Learned; lettered; in- 
structed in learning and science, Johnson. 

LIT-ER-a'Ti, 71. plu. [L, literatus.] The learned ; men of 
erudition. Spectator. 

LIT'ER-A-TOR, 71, [L.] A peay school-master. Burke. 

LIT'ER-A-TURE. n. [L. literatura.] Learning ; acquaint- 
ance with letters or books- 

fLITH, 71, [Sax.] Ajoint or limb. Chaucer 

LI-THAN'THRAX, 71. [Gr. Xteos and av0f.a|.J Stone-coal. 

LITH'AR6E, n. [Fr,] A semi-vitreous oxyd of lead 



LiTHE, a. [Sax. lith, lithe ; W.llyth.] That may be easily 

bent ; pliant ; flexible ; limber. Milton. 
tLlTHE, V. t. 1. To smooth; to soften; to palliate. Chau- 
cer. 2. To listen. See Listen. 
LiTHE'NESS, n. Flexibility ; limbemess. 
LITHE'SOME, a. Pliant ; nimble : limber. Scott. 
t LiTH'ER, a. 1. Soft ; pliant. Shak. 2. [Sax. lythr.] Bad 

coiTupt. Woolton. 
t LITH'ER-LY, adv. Slowly ; lazily. Barret. 
t LiTH'ER-NESS, 71. Idleness ; laziness. Barret. 
LITH'I-A, 71. A new alkali, found in a mineral called pefa • 

lite, of which the basis is a metal called lithium. 
LITH'I-ATE, 71. [Gr. Xt^of.] A salt or compound formed 

by the lithic acid combined with a base. 
LITH'IC, a. Pertaining to the stone in the bladder. 
LITH-O-BIB'LI-ON, See Lithophyl, 
LITH'0-€ARP, n. [Gr, Xtflof and Kaprroj,] Fossil fruit ; 

fruit petrified. Diet. JVat. Hist. 
LITH'0-€OL-LA, n. [Gr. Xt0off and /coXXa.] A cement 

tl)at unites stones, .dsh. 
LITH-0-DEN'DRON, n. [Gr, ^lOog and 6£v§pov-] Coral 
LITH-0-GEN'E-SY, n. [Gr. Xtfioj and yevsais.] The doc 

trine or science of the origin of minerals. 
LITH-0-GLYPH'ITE, n. [Gr. \idos and yXv^w.] A fossil 
LI-THOG'RA-PHER, 71. One who practices lithography. 

S?S:§:|Rira'I-€AL, I «• Pertaining to lithography 

LlTH-0-GRAPH'I-€AL-LY, adv. By the lithographic art. 

LI-THOG'RA-PHY, 71. [Gr. XiOos and ypa<p(o.] The art of 
engraving, or of tracing letters, figures or other designs on 
stone, and of transferring them to paper by impression, 

LlTH-0-LOG'IC, I a. Pertaining to the science of 

LITH-O-LOG'I-CAL, \ stones, 

LI-TH0L'0-6IST, 71. A person skiUed in the science of 
stones. 

LI-TH0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. Xidog and \oyos.] 1. The science 
or natural history of stones, 2. A treatise on stones found 
in the body. Coxe. 

LITH'0-MAN-CY, n. [Gr, Xj0o? and nav-eia.] Divination 
or prediction of events by means of stones. Brown. 

LITH-O-MXR'GA, ) n. [Gr. Xj0os,and L. marga.] An earth 

LITH'0-MAR6E, \ of two species. 

LITH-ON-TRIP'TIC, a, [Gr. )^iBos and rpijiw.] Having the 
quality of dissolving the stone in the bladder or kidneys, 

LITH-ON-TRIP'Tie, n. A medicine which has the power 
of dissolving the stone in the bladder or kidneys. 

LITH'ON-TRIP-TOR, or LITH'O-TRIT-OR, n. An instru 
ment for triturating the stone m the bladder. 

LITH'ON-TRIP-TY, or LITH'O-TRIT-Y, n. The opera- 
tion of triturating the stone in the bladder. 

LI-THOPH'A-GOUS, a. [Gr. Xt0os and <payu).] Eating or 
swallowing stones or gravel, as the ostrich. 

LITH'O-PHOS-PHOR, n. [Gr. \idos and ^wa^opos.] A 
stone that becomes p.'iosphoric by heat. 

LITH-0-PHOS-PHOR'IC, a. Pertaining to lithophosphor ; 
becoming phosphoric by heat. 

LITH'O-PHYL, 71. [Gr. \iQos and ^vWov.] Bibliolite or 
lithobiblion, fossil leaves. 

LITH'O-PHYTE, 7z. [Gr. \iQos and (pvrov.] Stone-coral. 

LITH-0-PHYT'I€, a. Pertaining to lithophytes. 

LITH-0PH'-Y-T0US,a. Pertaining to or consisting of lith- 
ophytes. 

LITH'O-TOME, n. [Gr. 'XiQo? and te/zvo).] A stone so 
formed naturally as to appear as if cut artificially. 

LlTH-0-TOM'I€, a. Pertaining to or performed by lithoto- 
my. 

LI-THOT'O-MIST, n. One who performs the operation of 
cutting for the stone in the bladder. 

LI-THOT'0-MY, n. [Gr, XiBoi and r£//vw.] The operation, 
art or practice of cutting for the stone in the bladder, 

LI-THOX'YLE, n. [Gr, \lQos and |vXov,] Petrified wood. 

LT'THY, a. Easily bent ; pliable, 

LIT'I-GANT, a. Contending in law ; engaged in a lawsuit. 

LIT'I-GANT, n. A person engaged in a lawsuit, 

LIT'I-GATE, V. t. [L. litigo.] To contest in law ; to prose- 
cute or defend by pleadings, exhibition of evidence, and 
judicial debate, 

LIT'I-GATE, V. i. To dispute in law ; to carry on a suit by 
judicial process. 

LIT'I-GA-TED, jjp. Contested judicially. 

LIT'I-GA-TING, j7pr. Contesting inlaw. 

LIT-I-Ga'TION, 71. The act or process of carrying on a 
suit in a court of law or equity for the recovery of a right 
or claim ; a judicial contest. 

LI-TIG'IOUS, a. [Fr. litigieux ; L. litigiosus.] 1. Inclined to 
judicial contest ; given to the practice of contending in 
law ; quarrelsome ; contentious. 2. Disputable ; contro 
veitible ; subject to contention. 

IJ-Tl6'IOUS-LY, adv. In a contentious manner. 

LI TIG'IOUS-NESS, n. A disposition to engage in or to 
carry on lawsuits , inclination to judicial contests. 



o^ee Synopsis 5, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR. FALL. WHAT 5— PRfiY j— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— j Obsolete 



LIV 



501 



LOA 



LIT'MUS, qr LAC'MUS, n. A blue pigment, formed from 

archil, a species of lichen. See Archil. 
LIT'ORN, 71. A bird, a species of thrush. 
LET'OTE, n. [Gr. Xltos.] Diminution; extenuation. 

LIT'TEN, n. [Sax. lictuti.] A place where the dead are re- 
posited. 

LIT'TER, n. [Fr. litiere. ' .A vehicle formed with shafts 
supporting a bed between them, in which a person may 
be borne by men or by a horse. 2. Straw, hay or other 
soft substance, used as a bed for horses and for other pur- 
poses. 3. [Ice. lider.] A brood of young pigs, kittens, 
puppies, or other quadrupeds. 4. A birth of pigs or other 
small animals. 5. Waste matters, shreds, fragments and 
the like, scattered on a floor or other clean place. 

LCT'TER, V. t. 1. To bring forth young, as swine and other 
small quadrupeds. 2. To scatter over carelessly with 
shreds, fragments and the like. 3. To cover with straw 
or hay. 4. To supply with litter. 

LIT'TERED, pp. 1. Furnished with straw. 2. a. Covered 
or overspread with Jitter. 

LIT'TLE, a. ,• comp. less, lesser ; sup. least. [Sax. lytel, 
hjtle ; Scot, lite, hjte.] 1. Small in size or extent ; not 
great or large. 2. Short in duration. 3. Small in quan- 
tity or amount. 4. Of small dignity, power or importance. 
5. Of small force or eflect ; slight; inconsiderable. 

LIT'TLE, n. I. A small quantity or amount. 2. A small 
space. 3. Any thing small, slight, or of inconsiderable 
importance. 4. Not much. 

LIT'TLE, adv. In a small degree ; slightly. 2. Not much; 
in a small quantity or space of time. 3. In some degree ; 
slightly ; sometimes preceded by a. 

LIT'TLE-NESS, n. 1. Smallness of size or bulk. 2. Mean- 
ness ; want of grandeur. 3. Want of dignity. 4. Mean- 
ness ; penuriousness. 

LITTO-RAL, a. [L. littoralis.] Belonging to a shore. [L. u.] 

LIT'U-ITE, n. A fossU shell. 

LL?ul|l€AL, I ^- Pertaining to a liturgy. 

LIT'UR-GY, 71. [Fr. liturgie ; Sp., It. liturgia.] In a gen- 
eral sense, all public ceremonies that belong to divine 
service ; hence, among the Romanists, the mass ; and 
among Protestants, the common prayer, or the formulary 
of public prayers. 

LIVE, (liv) V. i. [Sax. liban, leofan, lifian ; Goth, liban.] 

1. To abide ; to dwell ; to have settled residence in any 
place. 2. To continue ; to be permanent ; not to perish. 
3. To be animated; to have the vital principle. 4. To 
have the principles of vegetable life. 5. To pass life or 
time in a particular manner, with regard to habits or con- 
dition. 6. To continue in life ; as, the way to live long is 
to be temperate, 7. To live, emphatically ; to enjoy life ; 
to be in a state of happiness. 8. To feed ; to subsist ; to 
be nourished and supported in life. 9. To subsist; to be 
maintained in life ; to be supported. 10. To remain un- 
destroyed; to float ; not to sink or founder. 11. To exist; 
to have being. — 12. In Scripture, to be exempt from death, 
temporal or spiritual. 13. To recover from sickness ; to 
have life prolonged. John iv. 14. To be inwardly quick- 
ened, nourished and actuated by divine influence or faith. 
Gal. ii. 15 To be greatly refreshed, comforted and ani- 
mated. 16. To appear as in life or reality ; to be mani- 
fest in real character. — To live with. 1. To dwell or to be 
a lodger with. 2. To cohabit ; to have intercourse, as 
male and female. 

LIVE, (liv) v.t. 1. To continue in, constantly or habitual- 
ly. 2. To act habitually in conformity to. 

LIVE, a. 1. Having life ; having respiration and other or- 
ganic functions in operation, or in a capacity to operate ; 
not dead. 2. Having vegetable life. 3. Containing fire ; 
ignited ; not extinct. 4. Vivid, as color. 

t LIVE, 71. Life. 

jLlVE'LESS. See Lifeless. 

LiVE'LI-HOOD, 71. [lively and hood.] Means of living ; 
support of life ; maintenance. 

LiVE'LI-LY. See Lively. 

LiVE'LI-NESS, n. 1. The quality or state of being lively or 
animated ; sprightliness ; vivacity ; animation ; spirit. 2. 
An appearance of life, animation or spirit. 3. Briskness ; 
activity ; effervescence, as of liquors. 

t LTVE'LODE, for livelihood. Hiihberd's Tale. 

LiVE'LONG, (liv'long) a. [live and long.] 1. Long in pass- 
ing. 2. Lasting ; durable ; [ote.] 3. Aplantofthe genus 
sedum. 

LiVE'LY, a. 1. Brisk ; vigorous ; vivacious ; active. 2. 
Gay ; airy. 3. Representing life. 4. Animated ; spirit- 
ed. 5. Strong; energetic. 

ITVE'LY, adv. 1. Briskly ; vigorously; [l.u.] Hayward. 

2. With strong resemblance of life; [l.u.] Dryden. 
LIVER, 71. One who lives. Prior. 

LIV ER, 7!. [Sax. lifer, lifre.] A viscus or intestine of con- 
siderable size and of a reddish color. 
LIV'ER-€6L-0R, a. Dark red ; of the color of the liver. 
LIV'ERED, a. Having a liver ; as, white-livered. 
LIV'ER-GRoWN, a. Having a large liver. Graunt. 



LIVER-STONE, n. [G. leber-stein.] A stotle. 

LIVER- W6RT, n. The name of many species ol plants. 

LIV'ER-Y, 71. [Norm. ; Fr. livrer.] 1. The act of delivering 
possession of lands or tenements ; a term of English law 
2. Release from wardship ; deliverance. 3. The writ by 
which possession is obtained. 4. The state of being kept 
at a certain rate. 5. A form of dress by which noblemen 
and gentlemen distinguish their servants, 6. A particular 
dress or garb, appropriate or peculiar to particular times or 
things. 7. The whole body of liverymen in London. 

LIVER-Y, V. t. To clothe in livery. Shak. 

LIV'ER-Y-MAN, n. 1. One who wears a livery ; as a ser- 
vant.— 2, In London, a freeman of the city, of some dis- 
tinction. 

LIVER- Y-STa'BLE, n. A stable where horses are kept for 
hire. 

Lives, n. ; plu. of Life. 

LlVE'STOGK, n. Horses, cattle and smaller domestic ani- 
mals ; a term applied in .America to such animals as may 
be exported alive for foreign market. 

LIVID, a. [Fr. livide ; L. lividus.] Black and blue ; of a 
lead color ; discolored, as flesh by contusion. 

LI-VID'I-TY ) 

LIVID-NESS "• -^ ^^^^ color, like that of bruised flesh 

lilY 'ING, ppr. 1. Dwelling ; residing ; existing ; sul»sisting ; 
having life, or the vital functions in operation ; not dead 
2. a. Issuing continually from the earth ; running; flow- 
ing. 3. a. Producing action, animation and vigor; quick- 
ening. 

LIVING, 71, He or those who are alive; usually with a 
plural signification. 

LIVING, 71. Means of subsistence ; estate, 2. Power of 
continuing life. 3. Livelihood. 4. The benefice of a 
clergyman. 

LIVING-LY, adv. In a living state. Brown. 

LI-VON'I-€A TERTtA, n. A species of fine bole found in 
Livonia. 

Li'VRE, ai'vur) n. [Fr. ; L, libra.] A French money of 
account, equal to 20 sous, or 10 pence sterling. 

LIX-IVI-AL, or LIX-IVI-OUS, a. [L. lixivius.] 1. Ob- 
tained by lixiviation ; impregnated with alkaline salt. 2. 
Containing salt extracted from the ashes of wood. 3. Of 
the color of lye ; resembling lye. 4. Having the qualities 
of alkaline salts from wood ashes. 

LIX-IVI-ATE, ) a. 1. Pertaining to lye or lixivium ; of 

LIX-IVI-A-TED, ^ the quality of alkaline salts. 2. Im- 
pregnated with salts from wood ashes. 

LIX-IVI-ATE, V. t. [L. lixivia, lixivium.] To form lye ; to 
impregnate with salts from wood ashes. 

LIX-IV-[-A'TION, n. The process of extracting alkaline 
salts from ashes by pouring water on them. 

LIX-I VI-UM, ??,. [I/.] Lye; water impregnated with alka- 
line salts imbibed from wood ashes, 

LIZ'ARD, 71. [Fr. lezarde ; L. lacertus.] In zoology, a ge- 
nus of amphibious animals, called lacerta, and compr&- 
bending the crocodile, alligator, chameleon,salamander, &c. 

LIZ'ARD-TaIL, n. A plant of the genus saururus. 

LL. D. Letters standing for Doctor of Laws, the title of aa 
honorary degree. 

LO, exclam. [Sa5.. la.] Look ; see ; behold ; observe. 

LoACH, or Locke, n. [Fr. loche.] A small fish of the ge 
nus cobitis, inhabiting small clear streams. 

Load, n. [Sax. hlad, or lade.] 1. A burden ; that which is 
laid on or put in any thing for conveyance. ' 2. Any heavy 
burden ; a large quantity borne or sustained. 3. That 
which is borne with pain or difiiculty ; a grievous weight ; 
encumbrance ; in a literal sense. 4. Weight or violence 
of blows. 5. A quantity of food or drink that oppresses, 
or as much as can be borne. — 6. Among miners, the quan- 
tity of nine dishes of ore, each dish being about half a 
hundred weight. 

Load, v. t. ,• pret. and pp. loaded ; [leaden, formerly used, 
is obsolete.] 1. To lay on a burden ; to put on or in some- 
thing to be carried, or as much as can be carried. 2. To 
encumber ; to lay on or put in that which is borne with 
pain or difficulty. 3. To make heavy by something added 
or appended. 4. To bestow or confer on in great abund- 
ance. 

Load 'ED, pp. l. Charged with a load or cargo ; having a 
burden. 2. Burdened with any thing oppressive. 

LoAD'ER, 71. One who puts on a load. 

LoAD'ING, ppr. Charging with a load ; burdening ; en- 
cumbering ; charging, as a gun. 

LoAD'ING, n. A cargo ; a burden ; also, any thing that 
makes part of a load. 

t LoAD'MAN-AGE, 71. Pilotage ; skill of a pilot. 

t LoADS'MAN, n. [load and man.] A pilot. 

jLoADSTAR, or LoDE'STAR, 71. [lead and star.] The 
star that leads ; the polestar ; the cynosure. 

LoAD'STONE, n. [from the verb lead and stone. The old 
orthography, lodestone, is most correct.] The native mag- 
net, an ore of iron in the lowest state of oxydation, which 
has the powei of attracting metallic iron. See Lodestone. 

LoAF, n. ; plu Loaves. [Sax. hlaf, or laf.] 1. A mass of 



See Syno:}9;s. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



LOG 



502 



LOD 



bread when baked. 2. A mass or lump, as of sugar. 3. 
Any thick mass. 

LoAF'-SUG-AR, (15fe'shug-ar) n. Sugar refined and formed 
into a conical mass. 

LoAM, ?i. [Sax. lam ; D. leem.] A natural mixture of sand 
and clay with oxyd of iron ; a species of earth or soil of 
different colors. 

LoAM, V, t.To cover with loam. Moxon. 

LoAM'Y, ft. Consisting of loam ; partaking of the nature of 
loam, or resembling it. 

JiOAN, 71. [Sax. ten, 7iZ(E7!.] 1. The "act of lending ; a lend- 
ing. 2. That which is lent. 3. Something furnished for 
temporary use, on the condition that it shall be returned 
or its equivalent, but with a compensation for the use. 4. 
A furnishing ; permission to use ; grant of the use. 

Loan, v. t. [Sax. Imnan ; G. lehnen.] To lend ; to deliver 
to another for temporary use ; or to deliver for temporary 
use, on condition that an equivalent in kind shall be re- 
turned, with a compensation for the use, as in the case of 
monev at interest. Ramsay. Kent. 

LoAN'-OF-FlCE, n. In America, a public office in which 
loans of money are negotiated for the public. 

LoAN'-OF'FI-CER, n. A public oiRcer empowered to su- 
perintend and transact the business of a loan-office. 

LoATH, ; a. [Sax. lath, lathian. See Loth.] Disliking; 

LOTH, I unwilling ; reluctant. 

Loathe, > v. t. To hate ; to look on with hatred or abhor- 

LoTHE, \ rence ; particularly, to feel disgust at food or 
drink. See Lothe. 

LoATH'ER, n. One that loathes. 

LoATH'FUL, a. 1. Hating ; abhorring through disgust. 2. 
Abhorred ; hated. Spenser. 

LoATH'ING, ppr. Hating from disgust ; abhorring. 

LoATH'ING-LY, adv. In a fastidious manner. 

LoATH'LI-NESS, n. The quality of exciting disgust or 
abhorrence. 

f LoATH'LY, a. Hateful ; exciting hatred. Spenser. 

LoATH'LY, flf^u. Unwillingly ; reluctantly. Seel othly. 

LoATH'NESS, n. Unwillingness ; reluctance. See Loth- 

NESS. 

LoATH'SoME, a. 1. Disgusting ; exciting disgust. 2. 
Hateful ; abhorred; detestable. 3. Causing fastidiousness. 
See LoTHEsoME. 

LoATH'S6ME-LY, adv. In a loathsome manner. 

LoATH'SoME-NESS, n. The quality which excites dis- 
gust, hatred or abhorrence. Addison. 

Loaves, n. piu. of Loaf. 

LOB, n. [W. Hob.] 1. A dull, heavy, sluggish person. 2. 
Something thick and heavy. Walton. 

LOB, V. t. To let fall heavily or lazily, Shak. 

Lo'BATE, or LoBED, a. Consisting of lobes. — In botany, 
divided to the middle into parts distant from each other, 
with convex margins. Martyn. 

LOB'BY, n. 1. An opening "before a room, or an entrance 
into a principal apartment, where there is a considerable 
space between that and the portico or vestibule. 2. A 
small hall or waiting room. 3. A small apartment taken 
from a hall or entry. — 4. In a sMp^ an apartment close be- 
fore the captain's cabin. — 5. In agriculture, a confined 
place for cattle, formed by hedges, trees or other fencing, 
near the farm-yard . 

LOB'€0€K, 7i. A sluggish, stupid, inactive person ; a lob. 
Breton,. 

LOBE, 71. [Fr. Zo6e.] 1. A part or division of the lungs^ liv- 
er, &c. 2. The lower, soft part of the ear. 3. A division 
of a simple leaf, 4. The cotyledon or placenta of a seed. 

LoBED, a. Lobate, which see. 

LOB'LOL-LY, n. A kind of seafaring dish. Chambers. 

LOBS'POUND, 71. A prison. Hudibras. 

LOB'STEE, n. [Sax, loppestrc, ox lopystre.] A crustaceous 
fish of the genus €07101^. 

LOB'ULE, n. [Sp. lobulo.] A small lobe. 

Lo'CAL, a. [Fr,, Sp. local ,• L. localis.] 1. Pertaining to 
a place, or to a fixed or limited portion of space. 2. Lim- 
ited or confined to a spot, place, or definite district. — 3, 
In lam, local actions are such as must be brought in a par- 
ticular county, where the cause arises. 

LO-€AL'I-TY, n. 1. Existence in a place, or in a certain 
portion of space. 2. Limitation to a county, district or 
place. 3. Position ; situation ; place ; particularly, geo- 
graphical place or situation. 

Lo'€AL-LY, adv. With respect to place ; in place, 

Lo'CATE, V. t. [L, loco, locatus.] 1. To place ; to set in a 
particular spot or position. Cumberland. 2. To select, 
survey and settle the bounds of a particular tract of land ; 
or to designate a portion of land by limits. United States, 
3, To designate and determine the place of. J\r. England. 

Lo'CA-TED, pp. Placed ; situated ; fixed in place. 

Lo'€A-TING, ppr. Placing ; designating the place of. 

LO-€a'TION, 71. 1. The act of placing, or of designating 
the place of. 2. Situation with respect to place. 3. That 
which is located ; a tract of land designated in place. U. 
States.— 4. In the civil law, a leasing on rent. 



LOCH, 71. [Gaelic] A lake ; a bay or arm of the sea ; used 
in Scotland. 

LOCH, 71. Loch, or lohoch, is an Arabian name for the forms 
of medicines called eclegmas„ lambatives, linctures, and 
the like. 

LOCH'AGE, n. [Gr. ^oxayos.] In Greece, an officer who 
commanded a lochus or cohort. Mitford. 

LOCHE. See Loach. 

Lo'CHI-A, n. [Gr. Xo'xtia.] Evacuations which follow 
childbhth. 

Lo'CHI-AL, a. Pertaining to evacuations from the womo 
after childbirth. 

LOCK, n. [Sax. loc, or Zoce.] 1. An instrument used to fas- 
ten doors, chests and the like. 2. The part of a musket 
or fowling-piece or other fire-arm, which contains the 
pan, trigger, &c. 3. The barrier or works of a canal, 
which confine the water. 4. A grapple in wrestling. 5 
Any inclosure. 6. A tuft of hair ; a plexus of wool, hay 
or other like substance ; a flock ; a ringlet of hair. 

LO€K'-KEEP-ER, n. One who attends the locks of a canal. 

LOCK'-PAD-DLE, n. A small sluice that serves to fill and 
empty a lock, 

LO€K'-SIL, n. An angular piece of timber at the bottom of 
a lock, against which the gates shut. 

LOCK'-WEIR, 71. A paddle-weir, in canals. 

LOCK, V. t. 1. To fasten with a particular instrument. 2. 
To shut up or confine, as with a lock. 3. To close fast. 
4. To embrace closely. 5. To furnish with locks, as a 
canal. 6. To confine ; to restrain. — 7. In fencing, to 
seize the sword-arm of an antagonist. 

LOCK, V. i. 1. To become fast. 2. To unite closely by 
mutual insertion. Boijle. 

LOCK'AfiE, n. 1. Materials for locks in a canal. 2. Works 
which form a lock on a canal. 3. Toll paid for passing 
the locks of a canal. 

LOCKED, pp. Made fast by a lock ; furnished with a lock 
or locks ; closely embraced. 

LOCK'ER, n. A close place, as a drawer or an apartment in 
a ship, that may be closed with a lock. 

LOCK'ET, n. [Fr. loguet.] A small lock ; a catch or spring 
to fasten a necklace or other ornament. 

LOCK'RAM, n. A sort of coarse linen. Hanmer. 

LOCK'RON, 71. A kind of ranunculus. 

LOCK'SMITH, 71. An artificer whos« occupation is to make 
locks. 

LOCK'Y, a. Having locks or tufts. Sherwood. 

LO-CO-Mo'TION, n. [L. locus and motio.] 1. The act of 
moving from place to place. 2. The power of moving 
from place to place. 

LO-€0-Mo'TIVE, a. Moving from place to place ; changing 
place, or able to change place. 

LO-CO-MO-TIV'I-TY, n. The power of changing place. 

LOC'U-LA-MENT, n. [L. loculamentum.] In botany, the 
cell of a pericarp in which the seed is lodged. 

Lo'CUST, n. [L. locusta.] An insect o{ the genua gryllv^s 

Lo'CUST, 71, A name of several plants and trees, 

Lo'CUST-TREE, n. A tree of the genus Hymencea. 

t LO-CIJ'TION, 71. Discourse ; manner of speech; plu-ase. 

LODE, 71. [from Sax. Itsdan.] 1. Among 7ni7iers, a metallic 
vein, or any regular vein or course. Cyc. 2. A cut or 
reacii of water. Cyc , 

LoDE'-STONE, 7z. [from the veih to lead, and stone.] L 
A magnet, an ore of iron. 2. A name given by Cornish 
miners to a species of stones, called, also, tin-stones. 

fLODG'A-BLE, a. Capable of affording a temporary abode. 

LODGE, V. t. [Fr. loger ; It. loggia.] 1. To set, lay or de- 
posit for keeping or preservation, for a longer or shorter 
time. 2. To place ; to plant ; to infix. 3. To fix ; to set- 
tle in the heart, mind or memory. 4. To furnish with a 
temporary habitation, or with an accommodation for a 
night. 5. To harbor ; to cover. 6. To afford place to ; 
to contain for keeping. 7. To throw in or on. 8. To 
throw down ; to lay flat. 

LODGE, V. i. 1. To reside ; to dwell ; to rest in a place. 2. 
To rest or dwell for a time, as for a night, a week, a 
month. 3, To fall flat, as grain. 

LODGE, n. 1. A small house in a park or forest, for a tem- 
porary place of rest at night ; a temporary habitation ; a 
hut, 2, A small house or tenement appended to a larger, 
3, A den ; a cave ; any place where a wild beast dwells. 

LODGED, pp. Placed at rest ; deposited ; infixed ; furnish- 
ed with accommodations for a night or other short time ; 
laid flat. 

LODG'ER, 71. 1. One who lives at board, or in a hired room, 
or who has a bed in another's house for a night. 2. One 
that resides in any place for a time. 

LODG'ING, J);??-. 1. Placing at rest; depositing; furnishing 
lodgings. 2. Resting for a night ; residing for a time. 

LODG'ING, 71. 1. Aplaceof rest for anight, or of residence 
for a time ; temporary habitation ; apartment. 2. Place 
of residence. 3. Harbor; cover; place of rest. 4. Con- 
venience for repose at night. 

LODG'MENT, 71. [Fi. logemmt.] 1. The act of lodging, or 



* See Synopsis S, E, T, O, tl, "?, Zon^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— j Obsolete. 



LOI 



503 



LON 



the state of being lodged ; a being placed or deposited at 
rest for keeping for a time or for permanence. 2. Accu- 
mulation or collection of something deposited or remaining 
at rest. — 3. In militart/ affairs, an encampment made by 
an army. 4. A work cast up by besiegers during their 
approaches, in souio dangerous post. 
fLOFFE, V. i. To Idugh. Shak. 

LOFT, n. [Dan. lojt ; Sax. lyfte.] 1. In a building, the el- 
evation of one story or floor above another. 2.' A high 
room or place. Pope. 
LOFT'I-LY, adv. 1. On high 5 in an elevated place. 2. 
Proudly 5 haughtily. 3. With elevation of language, dic- 
tion or sentiment ; s'lblimely. 4. In an elevated attitude. 
LOFT'I-NESS, n. 1. Height ; elevation in place or position ; 
altifade. 2. Pride j haughtiness. 3. Elevation of atti- 
tude or mien. 4. Sublimity ; elevation of diction or sen- 
timent. 

LOFT'Y, a. 1. Elevated in place ; high. 2. Elevated in 
condition or character. 3. Proud 5 haughty. 4. Elevated 
in sentijnent or diction ; sublime. 5. Stately 5 dignified. 

LOG, n. [D, log, logge, heavy.] 1. A bulky piece or sticlc 
of timber unhewed.— 2. In navigation, a machine for 
measuring the rate of a ship's velocity through the water. 
3. [Heb. J*?.] A Hebrew measure of liquids. 

fLOG, «_. i. To move to and fro. Pohokele. 

LOG'-BoARD, n. In navigation, two boards, shutting like 
a book, and divided into columns, containing the hours of 
the day and night, direction of the wind, course of the 
ship, &c., from wnich is formed the log-book. 

LOG'-BOOK, n. A book into which are transcribed the con- 
tents o'f the log-board. Mar. Diet. 

LOG'-HOUSE, ) n. A house or hut whose walls are com- 

LOG'-HUT, ) posed of logs laid on each other. 

LOG'-LtNE, n. A line or cord about a hundred and fifty 
fathoms in length, fastened to the log by means of two 
legs. 

LOG'-REEL, n. A reel in the gallery of a ship, on whicli 
the log-line is wound. Mar. Diet. 

LOG'A-RITHM, n. [Fr. logarithme.] Logarithms are the 
exponents of a series of powers and roots. Day. 

LOG-A-RITH-MET'I€, ) 

L0G-A-RITH-MET'I-€AL, f a. Pertaining to logarithms ; 

LOG-A-RITH'MI€, ( consisting of logarithms. 

L0G-A-RITH'MI-€AL, ) 

*• LOG'GATS, n. The name of a play or game, the same as 
is now called kettle-pins. Hanmer. 

LOG'GER-HEAD, 71. 1. A blockhead ; a dunce ; a dolt ; a 
thick-skull. Shak. 2. A spherical mass of iron, with a 
long handle. — To fall to loggerheads, or to go to logger- 
heads, to come to blows ; to fall to fighting without 
weapons. 

LOG'GER-HEAD-ED, a. Dull ; stupid ; doltish. Shak. 

L06'I€, 71. [Fr. logique ; L., It. logica.] The art of think- 
ing and reasoning justly. Watts. The purpose of logic is 
to direct the intellectual powers in the investigation of 
truth, and in the communication of it to others. Hedge. 

L00'I-€AL, a. 1. Pertaining to logic; used in logic. 2. 
According to the rules of logic. 3. Skilled in logic ; 
versed in the art of thinking and reasoning ; discrim- 
inating. 

L0G'I-€AL-LY, ado. According to the rules of logic. 

LO-GI"CIAN, n. A person skilled in logic. Pope. 

L0-6[S'TI€, a. Relating to sexagesimal fractions. 

LOG'MAN, 7i. 1. A man who carries logs. Shak. 2. One 
whose occupation is to cut and convey logs to a mill ; 
[local.] _ United States. 

T Of^ O OR 4 PT-T/T^ 1 

LOG-o"-GRAPH'I-€AL, \ "' Pertaining to logography. 

LO-GOG'RA-PHY, 71. [Gr. Xoyo? and ypa^w.] A method 
of printing, in which a type represents a word, instead of 
forming a letter. 

t LOG'O-GRiPHE, 71. [Gr. \oyog and ypicpoi.] A sort of rid- 
dle. B. Jonson. 

t LO-GOM'A-€HIST, n. One who contends about words. 
E. T. Fitch. 

L0-G0M'A-€HY, 71. [Gr. Aoyo? and ^a;;^;??.] Contention in 
words merely, or rather a contention about words ; a war 
of words. Howell. 

LOG-0-MET'Rie, a. [Gr. \oyos and /terpew.] A logometric 
scale is intended to measure or ascertain chemical equiva- 
lents. 

LOG'WOOD, 71. A species of tree and wood, called, also, 
Campeachy-wood. 

Lo'IIOCH, ) n. [At.] A medicine of a middle consistence 

Lo'HOOK, \ between a soft electuary and a sirup. Sec 
Loch. 

LOIN, n. [Sax. lend ,- G., D. lende.] The loins are the space 
on each side of the vertebrie, between the lowest of the 
false ribs and the upper portion of the as ilium or haunch 
bone, or the lateral portions of the lumbar region ; called, 
also, the reins. 

LOIT'ER, v.i. [D. leuteren.] To linger; to be slow in 
moving ; to c'elay ; to be dilatory ; to spend time idly. 



LOIT'ER-ER, n. A lingerer ; one that delays or is slow in 
motion ; an idler ; one that is sluggish or dilatory. 

LOIT'ER-ING, ppr. Lingering ; delaying ; moving slowly 

LOKE, 77. [qu. Ir. loch.] I. In the Scandinavian mythology, 
the evil deity. 2. A close, narrow lane ; [local.] 

LOLL, V. i. [Dan. laller ; G. lallen.] 1. To recline ; to lean ; 
properly, to throw one's self down ; hence, to lie at ease 
2. To suffer the tongue to hang extended from the mouth, 
as an ox or a dog when heated with labor or exertion. 

LOLL, V. t. To thrust out, as the tongue. Dryden. 

LOLL'ARD, or LOLL'ER, n. [qu. G. lallen, lollen, to prate 
or to sing.] The Lollards were a sect of early reformers 
in Germany and England, the followers of Wickliffe. 

LOLL'AR-DY, n. The doctrines of the Lollards. 

LOLL'ING, ppr. Throwing down or out; reclining at ease ; 
thrusting out the tongue. 

LOL'LOP, 75. i. To move heavily ; to walk in a heavy, 
lounging manner ; to lean idly ; and, in a general sense, 
to idle. Brockett. A low word. 

LOM-BARD'I€, a. Pertaining to the Lombards. 

Lo'MENT, 71. tL. lonientum.] An elongated pericarp. 

LOM-EN-Ta'CEOUS, a. [L. lomentum.] Furnished with 
a loment. 

LOM'O-NITE, n. Laumonite, or di-prismatic zeolite. 

LOMP, 7?. A kind of roundish fish. Johnson. 

LoN'DON-ER, 71. A native of London ; an inhabitant of 
London. 

LoN'DON-ISM, 71. A mode of speaking peculiar to Lon- 
don. Pegge. 

LONE, a. [Dan. Ion.] 1. Solitary; retired; unfrequented; 
having no company. 2. Single ; standing by itself ; not 
having others in the neighborhood. 3. Single ; unmar- 
ried, or in widowhood. 

LONE, or LON'NIN, 71. A lane. [Local.] 

LoNE'LI-NESS, n. 1. Solitude ; returement ; seclusion 
from company. 2. Love of retirement ; disposition to 
solitude. 

LoNE'LY, a. 1. Solitary; retired; sequestered from com- 
pany or neighbors. 2. Solitary. 3. Addicted to solitude 
or seclusion from company. 

LoNE'NESS, 71. Solitude ; seclusion. Donne. 

LoNE'SoME, a. Solitary ; secluded from society. 

LoNE'S6ME-LY, adv. In a dismal or lonesome manner. 

LoNE'SoME-NESS, n. The state of being solitary ; soli 
tude. 

LONG, a. [Sax. long, lang and leng ; G. lange ; D., Dan 
lang ; L. longus ; It. lungo ; Vr. long.] 1. Extended; 
drawn out in a line, or in the direction of length ; opposed 
to short. 2. Drawn out or extended in time. 3. Extend- 
ked to any certain measure expressed. 4. Dilatory ; con 
tinning for an extended time. 5. Tedious ; continued to 3 
great length. 6. Continued in a series to a great extent 
7. Continued in sound ; protracted. 8. Continued ; liu 
gering or longhig. 9. Extensive ; extending far in pros 
pect or into futurity. — Long home, the grave, or death 
Kccles. xii. 

t LONG, 7i. Formerly, a musical note equal to two breves 

LONG, adv. 1. To a great extent in space. 2. To a grea« 
extent in time. 3. At a point of duration far distant^ 
either prior or posterior. 4. Through the whole extent ot 
duration of. 

fLONG, adv. [Sax. gel an g.] By means of; by the fault 
of; owing to. Shak. 

t LONG, V. t. To belong. Chaucer. 

LONG, V. i. [Sax. langian.] 1, To desire earnestly or ea- 
gerly. 2. To have a preternatural, craving appetite. 3. 
To have an eager appetite. 

LON-GA-NIM'I-TY, n. [L. longanimitas.] Forbearance ; 
patienc^ ; disposition to endure long under offenses. 

LONG'BoAT, n. The largest and strongest boat belonging 
to a ship. Mar. Diet. 

LON'GER, 'a. [comp. of long.] More long; of greater 
length. 

LON'GER, adv. For a greater duration . 

LON'GEST, a. Of the greatest extent. 

LON'GEST, adv. For the greatest continuance of time 

LON-Ge'VAL, a. [L. longus and cevum,] Long-lived. 

L0N-6EV'I-TY, n. [L. longcevitas .] Length or duration 
oflifej more generally, great length of life. 

LON-Ge'VOUS, a. [L. longasvus.] Living a long time ; of 
great ase. 

LONG'-HEAD-ED, a. Having a great extent of thought. 

LON-GIM'A-NOUS, a. [L. longus and manus.] Having 
long hands. Brown. 

LON-GIM'E-TRY, n. [L. longus, and Gr. fierpov.] The art 
or practice of measurmg distances or lengths. 

LONG'ING, ppr. Earnestly desiring ; having a craving or 
preternatural appetite. 

LONG'ING, n. An eager desire ; a craving or preternatural 
appetite, 

LONG'ING-LY, adv. With eager wishes or appetite. 

LON-6lN'aUI-TY, n. [L. longinqvitas.] Great distance. 

LONG'ISH, a. Somewhat long ; moderately long. 

LON'GI-TUDE, n. [L. longitude.] 1. Properly, length 



Srt 



MOVE, BOOK D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



LOO 



504 



LOP 



2. The distance of any place on the globe from another 
place, eastWEu-d or westward ; or the distance of any place 
from a given meridian. 3. The longitude of a star is its 
distance from the equinoctial points,, or the beginning of 
Aries or Libra. 

LON-(jI-Td'DI-NAL, a. 1. Pertaining to longitude or 
length. 2. Extending in length ; running lengthwise, as 
distinguished from transverse or across. Bailey. 

LON-GI-TU'DI-NAL-LY, adv. In the direction of length. 

LONG'LEGGED, a. Having long legs. 

LONG'LiVED, a. Having a long life or existence ; living 
long ; lasting long. 

LLONG'LY, adv. With longing desire. Shak. 
ONG'-MEAS-URE, n. Lineal measure ; the measure of 
length. 

LONG'NESS, 71. Length. [Little used.] 

LONG-PRIM'ER, n. A printing type of a particular size, 
between small pica and bourgeois. 

LONG'SHANKED, a. Having long legs. Burton. 

LONG'-SlGHT, n. Long-sightedness. Good. 

LONG'-SlGHT'ED, a. Able to see at a great distance 5 used 
literally of the eyes, and figuratively of the mind or in- 
tellect. 

LONG'-SlGHT'ED-NESS, n. I. The faculty of seeing ob- 
jects at a great distance.— 2. In medicine, presbyopy ; that 
defect of sight by which objects near at hand are seen 
confusedly, but at remoter distances distinctly. 

t LONG'SoME, a. Extended in length 5 tnesome ; tedious. 

t LONG'SoME-NESS, n. Tediousness. Hist. Conformity. 

LONG'SPUN, a. Spun or extended to a great length. Ad- 
dison. 

LONG-SUF'FER-ANCE, n. Forbearance to punish ; clem- 
ency ; patience. Com. Prayer. 

LONG-SUF'FER-ING, a. Bearing injuries or provocation 
for a long time ; patient 3 not easily provoked. 

LONG-SUF'FER-ING, n. Long endurance ; patience of 
offense. 

LONG'TaIL, n. Cut and longtail, a canting term for one 
or another. Shak. 

LONG'-ToNGUED, a. Rating 5 babbling. Shak. 

LONG'VVAYS, a mistake for longwise. 

LONG-WIND'ED, a. Long-breathed ; tedious in speaking, 
argument or narration. 

LONG'-WiSE, adv. In the direction of length ; length- 
wise. [Little used.] Hakewill. 

L6NGE, n. [Fr.] A thrust with a sword. Smollett. 

t LO'NISH, a. Somewhat solitary. 

LOO, 71. A game at cards. Pope. 

LOO, V. t. To beat the opponents by winning every trick 
at the game. Shak. 

LOOB'I-LY, adv. Like a looby ; in an awkward, clumsy 
manner. L^Estrange. 

LOOB'Y, n. [W. llabi, llob.] An awkward, clumsy fellow 3 
a lubber. 

LOOP, n. The after part of a ship's bow. 

LOOF. See Luff, which is the word used. 

LLOOF'ED, a. [See Aloof.] Gone to a distance. Shak. 
OOK, V. i. [Sax. locian.] 1. To direct the eye towards 
aii object, with the intention of seeing it. 2. To see ; to 
have the sight or view of. 3. To direct the intellectual 
eye ; to apply the mind or understanding ; to consider ; 
to examine. 4. To expect ; [I. u.] 5. To take care ; to 
watch. 6. To be directed. 7. To seem 3 to appear 3 to 
have a particular appearance. 8. To have a particular 
direction or situation 5 to face 3 to front. 

To look about, to look on all sides, or in different directions. 
—To look about one, to be on the watch 3 to be vigilant 3 
to be circumspect or guarded. — To look after. 1. To at- 
tend 3 to ta'ke care of. 2. To expect 3 to be in a state of 
expectation. 3. To seek 3 to search.— To Zoo/i /or. 1. To 
expect. 2. To seek 5 to search. — To look into, to inspect 
closely 3 to observ'e narrowly 3 to examine. — To look on. 
1. To regard 3 to esteem. 2. To consider 3 to view 3 to 
conceive of 3 to think. 3. To be a mere spectator. — To 
look over, to examine one by one. — To overlook has a dif- 
ferent sense 3 to pass over without seeing. — To look out, to 
be on the watch. — To look to, or unto. 1. To watch 3 to 
take care of. 2. To resort to with confidence or expecta- 
tion of receiving something 3 to expect to receive from. — 
To look through, to penefrate with the eye, or with the 
understanding 3 to see or understand perfectly. 

LOOK, V. t. 1. To seek 3 to search for 3 [obs.] Spenser. 2. 
To influence by looks or presence. Dryden. — To look out, 
to search for and discover. 

TiOOK, in the imperative, is used to excite attention. 

LOOK, n. 1. Cast cf countenance 3 air of the face ; aspect. 
2.' The act of looking or seeing. 3. View 3 watch. 

LOOK'ER, 71. One who looks. — A looker on, a mere spec- 
tator. 

^OOK'ING, n. Expectation. Pleb. x. 

LOOK'ING-GLXSS, n. A glass which reflects the form of 
the person who looks on it 3 a mirror. 

LQOK'-OUT, 7i. A careful looking or watching for any 
object or event. Mar. Diet. 



LOOL, n. In metallurgy, a vessel used to receive tli 
washings of ores of metals. Encyc. 

LOOM, n. [Sax. loma, geloma.] 1. In composition, heir- 
loom, in law, is a personal chattel that by special custom 
descends to an heir with the inheritance. 2. A frame in 
which a weaver works threads into cloth.— 3. [Dan. lorn 
or loom j G. lohme.] A fowl of the size of a goose. 4. 
That part of an oar which is within board. 

LOOM, V. i. [qu. Sax. leoman.] To appear above the sur- 
face either of sea or land, or to appear larger than the real 
dimensions, and indistinctly. 

LOOM'-GALE, n. A gentle gale of wind. Encyc. 

LOOM'ING, ppr. Appearing above the surface, or indis- 
tinctly, at a distance. 

LOON, 71. [Scot, loun, or loon.] 1. A sorry fellow 3 a rogue, 
a rascal. Dryden. 2. [Icel. lunde.] A sea-fowl. 

LOOP, n [Ir. Iuba7n.] 1. A folding or doubling of a string 
or a noose, through which a lace or cord may be run for 
fastening. — 2. In iron-works, the part of a row or block of 
cast iron, melted off for the forge or hammer. 

LOOPED, a. Full of holes. Shak. 

LOOP'HOLE, 71. 1. A small aperture in the bulk-head and 
other parts of a merchant ship, through which small arms 
are fired at an enemy. 2. A hole or aperture that gives 
a passage. 3. A passage for escape 5 means of escape. 
Dryden. 

LOOP'HoLED, a. Full of holes or openings for escape. 

LOOP'ING, 71. [D. loopen.] In metallurgy, the running to- 
gether of the matter of an ore into a mass, when the ore 
is only heated for calcination. 

t LOORD, 71. [D. Imr; Fr. lourd.] A dull, stupid fellow 3 a 
drone. Spenser. 

t LOOS, 71. Praise 5 renown. Chaucer. 

LOOSE, (loos) V. t. [Sax. lysan, alysan, leosan; D. lossen, 
loozen ; G. losen ; Dan. loser.] 1. To untie or unbind 3 to 
free from any fastening. 2. To relax. 3. To release 
from imprisonment 5 to liberate 3 to set at liberty. 4. To 
free from obligation. 5. To free from any thing that 
binds or shackles. 6. To relieve 3 to free from any thing 
burdensome or afilictive. 7. To disengage 3 to detach. 
8. To put off. 9. To open. 10. To remit ; to absolve. 

LOOSE, V. i. To set sail 3 to leave a port or harbor. 

LOOSE, a. [Goth, laus ; D. los, losse ; G. los ; Dan. Ids.] 

1. Unbound 3 untied 3 unsewed 3 not fastened or confined. 

2. Not tight or close. 3. Not crowded 3 not close or com- 
pact. 4. Not dense, close or compact. 5. Not close 5 not 
concise 3 lax. 6. Not precise or exact 3 vague 3 inde- 
terminate. 7. Not strict or rigid. 8. Unconnected 3 ram- 
bling. 9. Of lax bowels. 10. Unengaged 3 not attached 
or enslaved. II. Disengaged 3 free from obligation. 12. 
Wanton 3 unrestrained in behavior 3 dissolute 5 unchaste 
13. Containing unchaste language. — To break loose, to 
escape from confinement 3 to gain liberty by violence. — 
To let loose, to free from restraint or confinement 3 to set 
at liberty. 

LOOSE, n. Freedom from restraint 3 liberty. Dryden. 

LOOSED, pp. Untied 3 unbound ; freed from restraint. 

LOOSE'LY, (loos'ly) adv. 1. Not fast 3 not firmly 3 that 
may be easily disengaged. 2. Without confinement. 3. 
Without union or connection. 4. Irregularly 3 not with 
the usual restraints. 5. Negligently 3 carelessly 3 heed- 
lessly. 6. Meanly 3 slightly. 7. Wantonly 5 dissolutely; 
unchastely. 

LOOS'EN, (loos'n) v. t. [from loose.] 1. To free from tight- 
ness, tension, firmness or fixedness. 2. To render less 
dense or compact. 3. To free from restraint. 4. To re- 
move costiveness from 3 to facilitate or increase alvine 
discharges. 

LOOS'EN, V. i. To become loose 3 to become less tight, 
firm or compact. 

LOOS'ENED, pp. Freed from tightness or fixedness 3 ren- 
dered loose. 

LOOSE'NESS, (loos'nes) n. I. The state of being loose or 
relaxed 3 a state opposite to that of being tight, fast, fixed 
or compact. 2. The state opposite to rigor or rigidness 5 
laxity 3 levity. 3. Irregularity 3 habitual deviation from 
strict rules. 4. Habitual lewdness 3 unchastity 5. Flux 
from the bowels 3 diarrhea. 

LOOS'EN-ING, ppr. Freeing from tightness, tension or 
fixedness 5 rendering less compact. 

LOOSE'STRIFE, (loos'strlfe) n. In botany, the name of 
several species of plants. Lee. 

LOOS'ING, ppr. Setting free from confinement. 

LOP, V. t. 1. To cut off, as the top or extreme part of any 
thing 3 to shorten by cutting off the extremities. 2. To 
cut off, as exuberances 3 to separate, as superfluous parts. 

3. To cut partly off and bend down. 4. To let fall. 
LOP, 71. That which is cut from trees. 

LOP, n. [Sax. loppe.] A flea. [Local.] 

t LOPE, pret. of leap. [Sw. Ihpa ; D. loopen.] Spenser. 

LOPE, 71. [Sw. Ihpa ; D. loopen.] A leap ; a long step. [j3 

word in popular use in AmericaT] 
LOPE, V. i. To leap ; to move or run with a long step, as a 

dog. 



* See Synapsis A, E T. O, V ?, 



loni 



-FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD j— t Obseiete 



LOS 



505 



LOU 



LoP'ING, ppr. Leaping ; moving or running with a long 
step. 

LOPPED, pp. Cut off J shortened by cutting off the top or 
end ; bent down. 

LOP'PER, 71. One tliat lops. 

LOP'PING, ppr. Cutting off; shortening by cutting off the 
extremity ; letting fall. 

LOP'PING, n. That which is cut off. 

LO-aUA'CIOUS, a. [L. loquax.] 1. Talkative ; given to 
continual talking. 2. Speaking; noisy. 3. Apt to blab 
iiiid disclose secrets 

LO-QUa'CIOUS-NESS, ) n. [L. loquacitas.] Talkative- 

LO-aUAC'I-TY, \ ness ; the habit or practice of 

talking continually or excessively. 

LORD, n. [Sax, hlafo?-d.] J, A master; a person possess- 
ing supreme power and authority ; a ruler ; a governor. 
2. A tyrant ; an oppressive ruler. 3. A husband. 4. A 
baron ; the proprietor of a manor. 5. A nobleman ; a 
title of honor iji Oreat Britain given to those who are 
noble by birth or creation ; a peer of the realm. 6. An 
honorary title bestowed on certain official characters ; as, 
loi-d chancellor. — 7. In Scripture, the Supreme Being ; 
Jehovah. 

LORD, V. t. To invest with the dignity and privileges of a 
lord. 

LORD, V i. To domineer; to rule with arbitrary or des- 
potic sway. 

LORD'ING, n. A little lord ; a lord, in contempt or ridi- 



cule. \Little used.l Swift. 
,ORD LlK^E, a. 1. Be 



LORD Like, a. 1. Becoming a lord. 2. Haughty; proud; 
insolent. Dryden. 

LOKDLI-NESS, n. 1. Dignity; high station. Sliak. 2. 
Pride ; haughtiness. More. 

LORD'LING, n. A little or diminutive lord. Swift. 

LORD'LY, a. 1. Becoming a lord ; pertaining to a lord. 
2. Proud ; haughty ; imperious ; insolent. Swift. 

LORD'LY", adv. Proudly ; imperiouslv ; despotically. 

LORD'SHIP, 71. 1. The state or quality of being a lord ; 
hence, a title of honor given to noblemen. 2. A titulary 
compellatiou of judges and certain other persons in au- 
thority and office. 3. Dominion; power; authority. 4. 
Seigniory ; domain ; the territory of a lord over which lie 
holds jurisdiction ; a manor. 

LORE, 71. [Sax. lar.] Learning ; doctrine ; lesson ; in- 
struction. 

t LOR'EL, n. [Sax. Itnran.] An abandoned scoundrel ; a 
vagrant. Chaucer. 

t LoRES'MAN, n. An instructor. Qower. 

LOR'I-€ATE, V. t. [L. lorico, loricatus.] 1. To plate over; 
to spread over, as a plate for defense. 2. To cover with a 
crust, as a chemical vessel, for resisting fire. 

LOR'I-€A-TED, pp. Covered or plated over ; encrusted. 

LOR'I-€A-TING, ppr. Covering over with a plate or crust. 

LOR-I-€a'TION, 71. The act or operation of covering any 
thing with a plate or crust for defense. 

t LOR'I-MER.^ 71. [L. lo)-um ; Fr. lormier.] A bridle-maker; 
one that makes bits for bridles, &c. 

t LoR'I-NG, 71. Instructive discourse. Spenser. 

Lo'RI-OT, 71. [Fr.] A bird called witwal ; the oriole. 

Lo'RIS, 71. A small quadruped of Ceylon. 

LORX, a. [Sax., Dan. for I or en. See Forlorn.] Lost; for- 
saken ; lonely. Spenser. 

Lo'HY, 71. A subordinate genus of fowls. 

LOS'A-BLE, a. That may be lost. [Little used.] Boyle. 

LOSE, (looz) V. t. ; pret. and pp. lost. [Sax. losian, forlo- 
sian, forhjsan.] 1. To mislay ; to part or be separated 
from a thing, so as to have no knowledge of the place 
wliere it is. 2. To forfeit by unsuccessful contest. 3. 
Not to gain or win. 4. To be deprived of. 5. To forfeit, 
as a penalty. 6. To suffer diminution or waste of. 7. To 
ruin ; to destroy. 8. To wander from ; to miss, so as not 
to be able to find. 9. To bewilder. 10. To possess no 
longer; to be deprived of. 11. Not to employ or enjoy ; 
to waste. 12. To waste; to squander; to throw away. 
13. To suffer to vanish from view or perception. 14, To 
ruin ; to destroy by shipwreck, fee. 15. To cause to 
perish. 16. To employ ineffectually ; to throw away ; to 
waste. 17. To be freed from. 18. To fail to obtain.— T'o 
lose one's self to be bewildered ; also, to slumber ; to 
have the memory and reason suspended. 

LOSE, (looz) v.i. ]. To forfeit any thing in contest; not to 
win. 2, To decline ; to fail, 

|LOS'EL,77. [from the root of Zoose,] A wasteful fellow, 
one who loses by sloth or neglect; a worthless person, 
Spenser. 

f LOS'EN-GER, 71. [Sax. leas.] A deceiver. 

LOS'ER, (looz'er) 7i. One that loses, or that is deprived of 
any thing by defeat, forfeiture or the like. 

LOS'ING, (looz'ing) ppr. Parting from ; missing ; forfeiting ; 
wasting ; employing to no good purpose. 

LOSS, n. 1. Privation. 2. Destruction ; rain. 3. Defeat. 
4. Waste ; useless application. 5. Waste by leakage or 
escape. — To bear a loss, to make good ; also, to sustain a 
loss without sinking under it. — To be at a loss, to be puz- 



zled ; to be unable to determine ; to be in a state of un- 
certainty. 

f LOSS'FUL, a. Detrimental, Bp. Hall, 

\ LOSS'LESS, a. Free from loss. Milton. 

IjOST, pp. [from Zose.] 1. Mislaid or left in a place un- 
known or forgotten ; that cannot be found. 2. Ruined; 
destroyed ; wasted or squandered ; employed to no good 
purpose. 3. Forfeited. 4. Not able to find the right way, 
or the place intended. 5. Bewildered ; perplexed ; being 
in a maze. 6. Alienated ; insensible ; hardened beyond 
sensibility or recovery. 7. Not perceptible to the senses ; 
not visible. 8. Shipwrecked or foundered ; sunk or de- 
stroyed. 

LOT, 71. [Sax. hlot, hlodd. Met, hlyt ; D., Fr. lot ; Sw. lott.\ 

1. That which, in human speech, is called chance, hazard, 
fortune. 2. That by which the fate or portion of one is 
determined. 3. The part, division or fate which falls to 
one by chance, that is, by divine determination. 4. A 
distinct portion or parcel. 5. Proportion or share of taxes. 
—6. In the United States, a piece or division of land. 
Franklin. — To cast lots, is to use or throw a die, or some 
other instrument. — To draw lots, to determine an event 
by drawing one thing from a number whose marks are 
concealed from the drawer, and thus determinmg an 
event. 

LOT, V. t. To allot ; to assign ; to distribute ; to sort ; to 

catalogue ; to portion. Prior. 
LOT Upon, V. To anticipate with fondness or desire. [.^ 

colloquial phrase in JVew England.] 
LOTE, 71. [L. lotu^, lotos.] 1. A plant of the genus celtis, 

the lote-tree. 2. A little fish. 

* LOTH, a. [Sax. lath ; Sw. led ; Dan. leede. I have follow- 
ed Milton, Dryden, Waller, Spenser and Shakspeare in the 
orthography of the adjective, and Cruden in that of the 
verb.] 1. Literally, hating; detesting; hence, 2. Un- 
willing ; disliking ; not inclined ; reluctant. 

LOTHE, V. t. [Sax. lathian.] 1. To feel disgust at any 
thing ; properly, to have an extreme aversion of the ap- 
petite to food or drink. 2. To hate ; to dislike greatiy ; 
to abhor. 

f LOTHE, v.i. To create disgust. Spenser. 

LoTHED, pp. Hated ; abhorred ; turned from with disgust. 

LoTH'ER, n. One that lothes or abhors. 

LoTH'FUL, a. I. Hating; abhorring. 2. Disgusting; 
hated ; exciting abhorrence. 

LoTH'ING, ppr. 1. Feeling disgust at ; having extreme 
aversion to. 2. Hating ; abhorring. 

LoTH ING, 77. Extreme disgust ; abhorrence. 

LoTH'ING-LY, adv. With extreme disgust or abhorrence 
in a fastidious manner. 

*LOTH'LY, adv. Unwillingly; reluctantly. Donne. 

* LOTH'NESS, 71. Unwillingness ; reluctance. 
LoTH'SoME, a. [Sw. ledesam.] I. Causing an extreme 

avei-sion of appetite ; exciting fastidiousness. 2. Exciting 

extreme disgust; offensive. 3. Odious; exciting hatred 

or abhonence ; detestable. 
LoTH'SoME-NESS, n. The quality of exciting extreme 

disgust or abliorrence. .Bddison. 
Lo'TION, n. [L. lotio.] 1. A washing ; particularly, a 

washing of the skin for the purpose of rendering it fair. 

2. A liquid preparation for washing some part of the body 
to cleanse it of foulness or deformity — 3. In pharmacy, a. 
preparation of medicines, by washing them in some li- 
quid, to remove foreign substances, impurities, &c. 

LOT'TER-Y, 77. [Fr. loterie ; Sp. loteria.] 1. A scheme 

for the distribution of prizes by chance, or the distribution 

itself. 2. Allotment; [obs.] 
LOUD, a. [Sax, hlud, or lud.] 1. Having a great sound , 

high-sounding : noisy ; striking the ear with great force 

2. Uttering or' making a great noise. 3. Clamorous ; 

noisy. 4. Emphatical ; impressive. 
LOUD'LY, adv. 1. With great sound or noise ; noisily 

2. Clamorously ; with vehement complaints or importu- 
nity. 
LOUD'NESS, 71. ]. Great sound or noise. 2. Clamor; 

clamorousness ; turbulence ; uproar. 
LOUGH, (lok) 7!. [Ir. and Scot, loch.] A lake ; a different 

orthography of loch and lake. Fairfax. 
LOu'IS D'oR, (lii'e-dore) 7t. [a Lewis of gold.] A gold coin 

of France, value, twentv shillings sterling, equal to 

$4,4444. 
LOUNGE, v. i. [Fr. longis.] To live in idleness ; to spend 

time lazily. 
LOUNG'ER, 71. An idler ; one who loiters away his time in 

indolence. 
LOUR. See Lower. 
LOUSE, (lous) 71. ,• plu. Lice. [Sax. Zms .- plu. hjs.] Asmall 

insect of the genus pediculus. 
LOUSE, (louz) V. t. To clean from lice. Swift. 
LOUSEi-WoRT, (lous'-wurt) n. A plant. 
LOUS'I-LY, adv. In a mean, paltry manner; scurvily 
LOUS'I-NESS, n. The state of abounding with lice. 
LOUS'Y, a. ] . Swarming with lice ; infested with lice 

2. Mean ; low ; contemptible, Shak. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. \ Obsolete. 



LOW 



506 



LOY 



LOUT, n. [qu. Sax. Zeod.] A mean, awkward fellow j a 
bumpkin j a clown. Shak. 

t LOUT, V. i. [Sax. hlutan.] To bend j to bow ; to stoop. 
Speiiser. B. Jonson. 

LOUT'ISH, a. Clownish ; rude ; awkward. Sidney. 

LOUT'ISH-LY, adi>. Like a clown j in a rude, clumsy, 
awkward manner. 

LOUT ISH-NESS, n. Clownishness ; behavior of a bump- 
kin. 

LOU'VER, (loo'ver) n. [Fr. Pouvert.] An opening in the 
roof of a cottage for the smoke to escape. 

LoVA-BLE. a. Worthy of love j amiable. Sherwood. 

L6VA6E, 71. A plant of the genus ligusticum. 

L6VE, (luv) V. t. [Sax. lufian, luvian ; D. lievoi ; G. Ueben.] 
1. To be pleased with ; to regard with affection, on ac- 
count of some qualities which excite pleasing sensa- 
tions or desire of gratification ; to have a strong, a tender, 
or a dutiful affection for. 2. To have benevolence or 
good will for. 

LoVE, 71. 1. An affection of the mind excited by beauty 
and worth of any kind, or by the qualities of an object 
which communicate pleasure, sensual or intellectual. It 
is opposed to hatred. Love between the sexes is a com- 
pound affection, consisting of esteem, benevolence and 
animal desire. 2. Courtship j chiefly in the phrase to 
make love, that is, to court ; to woo ; to solicit union in 
marriage. 3. Patriotism ; the attachment one has to his 
native land. 4. Benevolence ; good will. 5, The object 
beloved. 6. A word of endearment. 7. Picturesque rep- 
resentation of love. 8. Lewdness. 9. A thin, silk stuff; 
[obs.] — Love in idleness, a kind of violet. Shak. — Free of 
love, a plant of the genus cercis. Fam. of Plants. 

L6VE'-AP-PLE, n. A plant of the genus solanum. 

L6VE'-BRo-KER, n. A third person who acts as agent be- 
tween lovers. Shak. 

LOVED, fp. Having the affection of any one. 

L6VE'-DaRT-ING, a. Darting love. Milton. 

LoVE'-DaY, ??.. A day formerly appointed for an amicable 
adjustment of differences. Chaucer. 

L6VE'-Fa-V0R, 71. Something given to be worn in token 
of love. Bp. Hall. 

LoVE'-KNOT, (luv'-not) n. A knot so called, used as a 
token of love, or representing mutual affection. 

L6VE'-La-B0R£D, a. Labored by love. jMilton. 

LoVE'-LASS, 71. A sweetheart. 

LoVE'LESS, a. Void of love; void of tenderness. 

LoVE'-LET-TER, 71. A letter professing love ; a letter of 
courtship. 

L6VE'LI-LY, adv. Amiably ; in a manner to excite love. 

LoVE'LI-NESS, 71. Amiableness; qualities of body or 
mind that may excite love. Spectator. 

LoVE'-LOeK, n. A curl or lock of hair so called ; worn by 
men of fashion in the reigns of Elizabeth and James 1. 
Lihi. 

LoVE'-LORN, a. Forsaken by one's love. Milton. 

LoVE'LY, (luv'ly) a. Amiable; that may excite love; 
possessing qualities which may invite affection. 

f L6VE'-M6N-GER, n. One who deals in affairs of love. 

LoVE'-PlNED, a. Wasted by love. Spenser. 

LoV'ER, 71. 1. One who loves ; one who has a tender af- 
fection, particularly for a female. 2. A friend ; one who 
regards with kindness. 3. One who likes or is pleased 
with any thing. 

LOVER, and LOOVER. See Louver. 

LoVE'-Se-CRET, n. A secret between lovers. Dryden. 

LoVE'-SHAFT, n. Cupid's arrow. Shak. 

LoVE'-SI€K, a. 1. Sick or languishing with love or am- 
orous desire. 2. Dictated by a languishing lover, or ex- 
pressive of languishing love. 

tLoVE'SOME, a. Lovely. Dryden. 

LoVE'-SONG, n. A song expressing love. Shak. 

LoVE'-S'UIT, n. Courtship ; solicitation of union in mar- 
riage. Shak. 

LoVE'-TaLE, 77. A narrative of love. Addison. 

t LoVE'-THOUGHT, 71. Amorous fancy. Shak. 

LoVE'-TO-KEN, 71. A present in token of love. Shak. 

LoVE'-TOY, 71. A small present from a lover. Arbuthnot. 

LoVEiTRICK, 71. Art or artifice expressive of love. 

LOVING, ppr. 1. Entertaining a strong affection for ; 
having tender regard for. 2. a. Fond ; affectionate. 3. 
Expressing love or kindness. 

LDV'ING-KlND'NESS, n. Tender regard ; mercy ; favor ; 
a Scriptural word. Ps. Ixxxix. 

L6V'ING-LY, adv. With love ; affectionately. 

LoV'ING-NESS, n. Affection ; kind regard. Sidney. 

LoW, a [D. laag ; G. leg- ; Sw. lag ; Sax. loh.] 1. Not 
high 01 elevated ; depressed below any given surface or 
place. 2. Not rising to the usual height. 3. Declining 
near the horizon. 4. Deep; descending far below the 
adjacent ground. 5. Sunk to the natural level of the 
ocean by the retiring of the tide. 6. Below the usual 
rate or amount, or below the ordinary value. 7. Not high 
or loud. 8. Grave ; depressed in the scale of sounds. 9. 
Near or not very distant from the equator. 10. Late in 



time; modem. 11. Dejected; depressed in vigor ; want- 
ing strength or animation. 12. Depressed in conditions 
in a humble state. 13. Humble in rank ; in a mean con- 
dition. 14. Mean; abject; groveling; base. 15. Dis- 
honorable ; mean. 16. Not elevated or sublime ; not ex- 
alted in thought or diction. 17. Vulgar; common. 18. 
Submissive ; humble ; reverent. 19. Weak ; exhausted 
of vital energy. 20. Feeble; weak; without force. 21. 
Moderate; not inflammatory. 22. Moderate; not in- 
tense. 23. Impoverished; in reduced circumstances. 
24. Moderate. 25. Plain; simple; not rich, high-season- 
ed or nourishing. 
LoW, adv. 1. Not aloft ; not on high ; often in composition. 

2. Under the usual price ; at a moderate price. 3. Near 
the ground. 4. In a mean condition. 5. In time ap- 
proaching our own. 6. With a depressed voice ; not 
lojidly. 7.- In a state of subjection, poverty or disgrace. 

t Low, V. i. To sink ; to depress. Wickliffe. 

LoW, V. i. ^Sax. hleowan.] To bellow, as an ox or cow. 

LoW, or LoVVE, [Sax. hlaw, a hill.] A termination of 
names ; as in Bed-low. 

LoW'BELL, n. [Sw. Idge ; Scot, lowe.] A kmd of fowl- 
ing in the night, in which the birds are wakened by a 
bell. 

LoW'BELL, V. t. To scare, as with a lowbeU. 

LoW'-BORN, a. Born in low life. 

LoW'-BRED, a. Bred in a low condition or manner; vul- 
gar. 

LoW'ER, V. t. 1. To cause to descend ; to let down ; to 
take or bring down. 2. To suffer to sink downwai-ds. 

3. To bring down ; to reduce or humble. 4. To lessen ', 
to diminish ; to reduce, as value or amount. 

LoW'ER, V. i. To fall ; to sink ; to grow less. Shak. 

LOW'ER, V. i. 1. To appear dark or gloomy ; to be cloud- 
ed ; to threaten a storm. 2. To frown ; to look sullen. 

LOW'ER, ?!. 1. Cloudiness; gloominess. 2. A frowning; 
sullenness. Sidney. 

LoW'ER, a. [comp. of Zoio.] Less high or elevated. 

LOW'ER-ING-LY, adv. With cloudiness or threatening 
gloom. 

LoW'ER-MoST, a. [from low.] Lowest. 

LOW ER-Y, a. Cloudy ; gloomy. 

Lowest, a. [superl. of low.] Most low; deepest; most 
depressed or degraded, &c. 

LoW'ING, ppr. Bellowing, as an ox. 

Lowing, «. The bellowing or cry of cattle. 

LoW'LAND, n. Land which is low with respect to the 
neighboring country ; a low or level country. 

tLoW'LI-HQOD, n. A humble state. Chaucer. 

LoWLl-IuY ^ adv. Humbly ; without pride ; meanly ; with- 
out dignity. 

LoW'LI-NESS, n. 1. Freedom from pride ; humility ; 
humbleness of mind. 2. Meanness; want of dignity; 
abject state. 

LoW'LY, a. 1. Havmg a low esteem of one's own worth; 
humble ; meek ; free from pride. 2. Mean ; low ; want- 
ing dignity or rank. 3. Not lofty or sublime; humble. 

4. Not high ; not elevated in place. 

LoW'LY, adv. 1. Humbly; meekly; modestly. 2. 
Meanly ; in a low condition ; without grandeur or dig- 
nity. 

LOWN, 71. [See Loon.] A low fellow ; a scoundrel. 

LOWND, a. [Icel. Zoo^K.] Calm and mild ; out of the wind ; 
under cover or shelter. 

LoW'NESS, n. 1. The state of being low or depressed ; 
the state of being less elevated than something else. 2. 
Meanness of condition. 3. Meanness of mind or charac- 
ter ; want of dignity. 4. Want of sublimity in style or 
sentiment. 5. Submissiveness. 6. Depression of mind ; 
want of courage or fortitude ; dejection. 7. Depression 
in fortune ; a state of poverty. 8. Depression in strength 
or intensity. 9. Depression in price or worth. 10 
Graveness of sound. 11. Softness of sound. 

LoVV-SPlR'IT-ED, a. Not having animation and courage ; 
dejected ; depressed ; not lively or sprightly. 

LoW-SPlR'IT-ED-NESS, n. Dejection of mind or cour- 
age ; a state of low spirits. Cheyne. 

LoVV-THOUGHT'ED, a. Having the thoughts employed 
on low subjects ; not having elevated thoughts. 

LoW'-WiNES, n. The liquor produced by the first distilla- 
tion of fermented liquors ; the first run of the still. 

LOX-O-DROM'IC, a. [Gr. Ao|os and ^po/zoj.] Pertaining to 
oblique sailing by the rhomb. 

LOX-0-DROM'I€S, n. The art of oblique sailing by the 
rhomb, which always makes an equal angle with every 
meridian. 

LOY'AL, a. \¥x. loyal.] Faithful to a prince or superior ; 
true to plighted faith, duty or love ; not treacherous ; used 
of subjects to their prince, and of husband, wife and lovers. 

LOY'AL-IST, 71. A person who adheres to his sovereign ; 
one who maintains his allegiance to his prince, and de- 
fends his cause in times of revolt. 

LOY'AL-LY, adv. With fidelity to a prince or sovereign, 
or to a husband or lover. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 6, tj, Y, long.—FAR, FALL. WHAT ;— PREY 3— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



LUC 



507 



LUM 



LOY'AL-TY n. Fidelity to a prince or sovereign, or to a 
husband or lover. Clarendon. 

IiOZ'EN6E, n. [Fr. losaiigc.'\ 1. Originally, a figure with four 
equal sides, having two acute and two obtuse angles ; a 
rhomb. — 2. In heraldry, a four-cornered figure, resembling 
a pane of glass in old casements. — 3. Among jewelers, 
lozenges are common to brilliants and rose diamonds. 4. 
A form of medicine in small pieces, to be chewed or held 
in the mouth till melted. — 5. In confectionary, a small 
cake of preserved fruit, or of sugar, &c. 

LOZ'ENGED, a. Made into the shape of lozenges. 

L0Z'EN-6Y, a. In heraldry, having the field or charge 
covered with lozenges. 

LP, a contraction of lordship. 

LU. See Loo. 

t LUB'BARD. See Lubber. 

LUB'BER, 71. [W. llabi, Hob.'] A heavy, clumsy fellow ; 
a sturdy drone ; a clown. Tusser. 

LUB'BEK-LY, a. Properly, tall and lank without activitj' ; 
hence, bulky and heavy ; clumsy ; lazy. 

LUB'BER-LY, adv. Clumsily ; awkwardly. Dryden. 

Lu'BilI€, a. [L. lubiicus.] 1. Having a smooth surface ; 
slippery. 2. Wavering ; unsteady. 3. Lascivious ; wan- 
ton ; lewd. 

Lu'BRI-eANT, n. That which lubricates. 

Lu'BRI-GATE, v. t. [L. lubrico.} To make smooth or 
slippery. 

LU'BRI-CA-TED, pp. Made smooth and slippery. 

Lu'BRI-€A-TING , ppr. Rendering smooth and slippery. 

LuBRI-CA-TOR, tu That which lubricates. 

LU-BRIC'I-TY, n. [Fr. lubricite.] 1. Smoothness of sur- 
face ; slipperiness. 2. Smoothness ; aptness to glide over 
any thing, or to facilitate the motion of bodies in contact 
by diminishing friction. 3. Slipperiness ; instability. 4. 
Lasciviousness ; propensity to lewdness j lewdness ; lech- 
ery ; incontinency. 

LU'BRI-€OUS, a. [L. lubricus.] 1. Smooth ; slippery. 2. 
Wavering; unstable. Olanville. 

LU-BRI-F ACTION, n. The act of lubricating or making 
smooth. 

LU-BRIF-I-€a'TION, n. [L. lubricus and facio.] The act 
or operation of making smooth and slippery. 

LUCE, ?i. A pike full grown. Shak. 

Lu'CENT, a. [L, lucens.] Shining; bright; resplendent, 

Lu'CERN, n. A plant cultivated fur fodder. 

Lu'CID, a. [L.lucidus.] 1. Shining ; bright ; resplendent. 
?. Clear ; transparent ; pellucid. 3. Bright with the ra- 
diance of intellect ; not darkened or confused by delirium 
or madness ; marked by the regular operations of reason. 
4. Clear ; distinct ; presenting a clear view ; easily un- 
derstood. 

t LU-CID'I-TY, n. Brightness. 

Lu'CID-NESS, n. Brightness ; clearness. 

Lu'CI-FER, n. [L. lux, lucis.] 1. The planet Venus, so 
called from its brightness. 2. Satan. 

LU-CI-Fe'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to Lucifer, or to the Luci- 
fei-ians._ 

LU-CI-Fe'RI-ANS, n. A sect that followed Lucifer, bishop 
of Cagliari, in the fourth century. 

LU-CIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. lucifer.] Giving light ; affording 
light or means of discovery. Boyle. 

LU-CIF'ER-OUS-LY, adv. So as to discover. 

LU-CIF'IC, a. [L. laz andfacio.] Producing light. 

Lu'CI-FORM, a. [L. lux and forma.] Having the form 
of light ; resembling light. 

LUCK,?!. [B. luk, geluk; G. gliick.] That which happens 
to a person ; an event, good or iU, affecting a man's inter- 
est or happiness, and which is deemed casual ; fortune. 

LUCK'I-LY, adv. Fortunately ; by good fortune ; with a 
favorable issue ; in a good sense. 

LUCK' [-NESS, n. 1. The state of being fortunate. 2. Good 
fortune ; a favorable issue or event. 

LUCK'LESS, a. 1. Unfortunate ; meeting with ill success. 
2. Unfortunate ; producing ill or no good. Dryden. 

LUCK'Y, «. 1. Fortunate ; meeting with good success. 2. 
Fortunate ; producing good by chance ; favorable. 

Lu'€RA-TlVE, a. [Fr. lucratif; L. lucrativus.] Gainful; 
profitable ; making increase of money or goods. 

LtJ'CRE, (lu'ker) n. [L. lucrum; Fr. lucre.] Gain in mon- 
ey or goods ; profit ; usually in an ill sense, or with the 
sense- of something base or unworthy. 

fLU'CRE, V. i. To have a desire of pecuniary advantage. 
.Anderson. 

LU-CRIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. lucrum and fero.] Gainful ; 
profitable. [Little used.] Boyle. 

tLU-CRIF'ie, a. [L. lucrum and facio.] Producing 
profit ;_ gainful. 

LUC-Ta'TION, w. [L. luctatio.] Struggle; contest; ef- 
fort to overcome in contest. [Little used.] 

LU€'TU-AL, a. [L. luctus.] Producing grief. 

Lu'CU-BRATE, v. i. [L. lucubro.] To study by candle- 
light or a lamp ; to study by night. 

LU-CU-BRa'TION, n. 1. Study by a lamp or by candle- 
light ; nocturnal study. 2. That which is composed by 



night ; that which is produced by meditation in retire- 
ment. 
LU'€U-BRA-TO-RY, a. Composed by candle-light or by 

night. 

Lu'€U-LENT, a. [L. luculentus.] 1. Lucid ; clear; trans- 
parent. 2. Clear ; evident ; luminous. 

Lu'CUL-LITE, n. A subspecies of carbonate of lime. 

LU-DIB'RI-OUS, a. [L. ludibriosus.] Sportive ; wanton 
J. Barlow. 

LU DI-CROUS, a. [L. ludicer.] Sportive ; burlesque ; adapt 
ed to raise laughter, without scorn or contempt. 

LtF'Dl-€ROUS-LY, adv. Sportively ; in burlesque ; in e. 
manner to raise laughter without contempt. 

LtJ'DI-€ROUS-NESS, ji. Sportiveness ; the quality of ex- 
citing laughter without contempt ; merry cast. 

LU-DI-FI-€a'TION, ?i. [L. ludificor.] The act of deriding 

LU-DIF'I-€A-TO-RY, a. Making sport ; exciting derision 

LUFF, 71. [Goth, lofa.] The palm of the hand. 

LUFF, n. [Fr. lof; G. loof] Weather-gage, or part towards 
the wind ; or the sailing of a ship close to the wind. 

LUFF, V. i. [D. loeven.] To turn the head of a ship to- 
wards the wind ; to sail nearer the wind. 

LUFF'-TA€-KLE, 71. A large tackle not destined for any 
particular place in the ship, but movable. 

LUG, V. t. [Sax. lycean, aluccan, geluggian.] I. To haul " 
to drag ; to pull with force, as something heavy and mov- 
ed with difliculty. 2. To can-y or convey with labor. — 
To lug out, to draw a sword, in burlesque, Dryden. 

LUG, V. i. To drag ; to move heavily. Dryden. 

LUG, n. 1. A small fisn. — 2. In Scotland, an ear; [obs.] 
3. A pole or perch, a land-measure ; [obs.] 4. Something 
heavy to be drawn or carried ; [vulgar.] 

LUG'GAGE, n. 1. Any thing cumbersome and heavy to be 
carried; traveling baggage. 2. Something of more 
weight than value. 

LUG'GER, n. [D. loger.] A vessel carrying three masts 
with a running bowsprit and lug-sails. 

LUGGS, 71. An insect like an earth-worm, but having legs. 

LUG'SaIL, n. A square sail bent upon a yard that hanga 
obliquely to the mast at one third of its length. 

LU-Gu'BRI-OUS, ft. [h. lugubris.] Mournful; indicating 
sorrow. Decay of Piety. 

LUKE, or LEtJKE, a. [Sax. wlmc] Not fully hot. 

LtjKE'NESS, or LEuKE'NESS, n. Moderate warmth. Ort. 
Vocab. 

LuKE'WARM, a. [Sax. vlaco, vlacian.] 1. Moderately 
warm ; tepid. 2. Not ardent ; not zealous ; cool ; indif 
ferent. 

LtJKE'WARM-LY, adv. 1. With moderate warmth. 2 
With indifference ; coolly. 

LtJKE'WARM-NESS, n. 1. A mild or moderate heat. 2. 
Indifference ; want of zeal or ardor ] coldness. 

LULL,^•. t. [Dan. luller ; G., D. lullen.] To quiet; to com- 
pose : to cause to rest. 

LULL, %). i. To subside ; to cease; to become calm. 

LULL, 71. Power or quality of soothing. Young. 

LULL' A-EY, n. [lull and by.] A song to quiet babes , that 
which quiets. Locke. 

LULLED, pp. duieted ; appeased ; composed to rest. 

LULL'ER, n. One that lulls ; one that fondles. 

LULL'ING, ppr. Stilling; composing to ijest. 

LUM. n. [qu. Sax. leoma.] The chimney of a cottage. 

LUM'A-CHEL, ) n. A calcaneus stone composed of 

LUM-A-CHEL'LA, \ shells and coral. 

LUM-BA6'I-NOUS, a. Pertaining to lumbago. Cheyne. 

LUM-Ba'GO, n. [L. lumbus.] A pain in the loins and small 
of the back, such as precedes certain fevers. A rheumat- 
ic affection of the muscles about the loins. 

LUM'B ^r' ( "" t^" ^"™^^0 Pertaining to the loins. 
LUM'BER, 7),. [Sax. leoma ; Sw . lumpor ; G. lumpen.] 1 

Any thing useless and cumbersome, or things bulky and 

thrown aside as of no use. — 2. In America, timber sawed 

or split for use ; as beams, boards, &c. 3. Harm ; mischioi ; 

[local.] Pegge. 
LUMBER, 7J. J. 1. To heap together in disorder. 2, To 

fill with lumber. 
LUM'BER, V. i. To move heavily, as if burdened with his 

own bulk. 
LUM'BER-ROOM, n. A place for the reception of lumber 

or useless things. 
LUM'BRIC, n. [L. lumbricus.] A worm. Med. Repos. 
LUM'BRI-€AL, a. [L. lumbricus.] Resembling a worm. 
LUM'BRI-€AL, a. Pertaining to the loins. 
LUM'BRI-CAL, n. A muscle of the fingers and toes, so 

named from its resembling a worm. 
LUM-BRIC'I-FORM, a. [h. lumbricus.] Resembling a worm 

in shape. 
LIJ'MI-NA-RY, n. [L. luminare.] 1. Any body that gives 

light, but chiefly one of the celestial orbs. 2. One that 

ifiustrates any subject, or enlightens mankind. 
fLu'MI-NATE, V. t. [L. lumino.] To give light to ; to 

illuminate. 
LU-MI-Na'TION. See Illumination. 



* See Sywrpsii MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— B^LL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH : TH as in this. \ Obsolete^ 



I.UR 



508 



LUS 



t LtJ'MlNE, V. t. To enlighten. See Illumine. 

LU-MI-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. lumen.]. Producing light. 

LU'MI-NOUS, a. [L. luminosus.] 1. Shining ; emitting 
light. 2. Light; illuminated. 3. Bright; shining. 4. 
Clear. 

Lt5'MI-NOUS-LY, adv. With brightness or clearness. 

Ltt'MI-NOUS-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being bright or 
shining; brightness; Encyc. 2. Clearness; perspicu- 
ity. 

LUMP, n. [G., Dan. and Sw, klum.'p.] 1. A small mass of 
matter of no definite shape. 2. A mass of things blended 
or thrown together without order or distinction. 3. A 
cluster. — In the lump, the whole together ; in gross. 

LUMP, V. t. 1. To throw into a mass ; to unite in a body or 
sum without distinction of particulars. 2. To take in the 
gross. 

LUMP'EN, n. A long fish of a greenish color, and marked 
with lines. 

LUMP'FISH, n. A thick fish of the genus cydopterus. 

LUMP'ING, ppr. 1. Throwing into a mass or sum. 2. a. 
Pulky ; heavy ; [a low word.] Arbuthnoi. 

LUMP'ISH, a. 1. Like a lump; heavy; gross; bulky. 
Dryden. 2. Dull ; inactive. Shak. 

LUMP'ISH-LY, adv. Heavily ; with dullness. 

LUMP'ISH-NESS, n. Heaviness ; dullness ; stupidity. 

LUMP'Y, a. Full of lumps or small compact masses. 

Ltr'NA €OR'NE-A. Muriate of silver. Ure. 

Lu'NA-CY, n. [from L. luna.] 1. A species of insanity 
or madness, supposed to be inflnenced by the moon, or 
periodical in the month. 2. Madness in general. 

LtJ'NAR, or LU'NA-RY, a. [L. liniaris.] 1. Pertaining to 
the moon. 9. Measm-ed by the revolutions of the moon. 
3. Resembling the moon ; orbed. 4. Under the influence 
of the moon; {ohs.] — Lunar caustic, nitrate of silver, 
fused in a low heat. JVicholson. 

LU-Na'RI-AN, 71. An inhabitant of the moon. 

LU'NA-RY, n. Moonwort, a plant of the genus lunaria. 

Lu'NA-TED, a. lormed like a half-moon. 

LU'NA-TI€, a. Affected by a species of madness, supposed 
to be influenced by the moon. 

Lu'NA-Tie, n. A person affected by insanity, supposed to 
be influenced or produced by the moon, or by its position 
in its orbit ; a madman. 

LU-Na'TILN, 71. [L. lunatic ] A revolution of the moon. 

LUNCH, ) n. [W. llwnc.] A portion of food taken at 

LUNCH'EoN, \ any tune, except at a regular meal. 

LUNE, n. [L. luna.] 1 Any thing in the shape of a half- 
moon ; [I. u.] Watts. 2. A fit of lunacy or madness, or 
a freak ; [obs.] 3. A leash. 

Lu'NET, )n. [Fr. lunette.] 1. In fortific ttion, an en- 

LU-NETTE', \ veloped counterguard, or ele^ ation of earth 
made beyond the second ditch, opposite to the places of 
arms. — 2. In the manege, a half horse-shoe, which wants 
the spunge, or that part of the branch which runs towards 
the quarters of the foot. 3. A piece of felt to cover the 
eye of a vicious horse. 

Lu'NET, n. A little moon. Bp. Hall. 

LUNG, n. [Sax. lungen ; G., Dan. lunge.] I. The lungs 
are the organs of respiration in man and many other ani- 
mals. — 2. Formerly, a person having a strong voice, and 
a sort of servant. 

LUNGE, n. [See Allonge.] A sudden push or thrust. 

LUNGED, a. Having lungs, or the nature or resemblance 
of luncfs ; drawing in and expelling air. Dryden. 

LUN'GE-OUS, a. Spiteful ; malicious. 

LUNG'GRoWN, a. Having lungs that adhere to the pleura. 
Harvey. 

LUN'GIS, n. [Fr. longis.] A lingerer , a dull, drowsy fel- 
low. 

LUNG'WoRT, n. A plant of the genus pulmonaria. 

LU'NI-FORM, a. [L. luna and form.] Resembling the 
moon. 

FiU-NI-So'LAR, a. [L. luna and Solaris.] Compounded 
r.f the revolutions of the sun and moon. 

LU'NIS-TICE, n. [L. Una and sto.] The farthest point of 
the moon's northing and southing, in its monthly revolu- 
tion. 

LUNT, n. [D. lont ; Dan. lunte.] The match-cord used for 
firing cannon. Johnson. 

Lu'NU-IiAR, a. [from L. luna.] In botany, like the new 
moon ; shaped like a small crescent. 

LtJ'NU-LATE, a. [from L. luna.] In botany, resembling 
a small crescent. 

Lu'PER-CAL, a. Pertaining to the lupercalia, or feasts of 
the Romans in honor of Pan ; as a noun, the feast itself. 

Ltj'PlNE, n. [Fr. lupin ; L. lupinus.] A kind of pulse. 

LU'PIN, 1. Like a wolf. Bp. Oauden. 

LiU'PU-LIN, n. [L. lupulus.] The fine yellow powder of 
hops. ./3. W. Ives. 

LURCH, n. [W. Here.] In seamen^s language, a sudden 
roll of a ship. — To leave in the lurch, to leave in a difficult 
situation. 

LURCH, V. i. 1. To roll or pass suddenly to one side, as a 
ship in a heavy sea. 2. To withdraw to one side, or to a 



private place ; to lie in ambush or in secret ; to lie close . 

[See Lurk.] 3. To shift ; to play tricks. 

LURCH, v.t. 1. To defeat ; to disappoint, that is, to evade , 
[I. M.l 2. To steal ; to filch ; to pilfer ; [I. u.] 

I LURCH, V. t. [L. lurco.] To swallow or eat greedily j 
to devour. Bacon. 

LURCH'ER, n. 1. One that lies in wait, or lurks ; one 
that watches to pilfer, or to betray or entrap ; a poacher. 
2. A dog that watclies for his game. 3. [L. lurco.] A 
glutton ; a gormandizer. 

jLUR'DAN, a. Blockish. Johnson. 

t LUR'DAN, n. A clown ; a blockhead. 

LURE, n. [Fr. leurre.] 1. Something held out to call a 
hawk ; hence, 2. Any enticement ; that which invites 
by the prospect of advantage or pleasure. 

LURE, V. i. To call hawks. Bacon. 

LURE, V. t. To entice ; to attract ; to invite by any thing 
that promises pleasure or advantage. 

LuRED, pp. Enticed ; attracted ; invited by the hope of 
pleasure or advantage. 

LXJ'RID, a. [L. luridus.] Gloomy ; dismal. 

LuR'ING,ppr. Enticing; calling. 

LURK, V. i. [W. llercian.] 1. To lie hid ; to lie in wait 
2. To lie concealed or unperceived. 3. To retire from 
public observation ; to keep out of sight. 

LURK'ER, n. One that lurks or keeps out of sight. 

LURK'ING, ppr. Lying concealed ; keeping out of sight. 

LURK'ING-PLACE, n. A place in which one lies conceal- 
ed ; a secret place ; a hiding-place ; a den. 

LUR'RY, n. A crowd ; a throng ; a heap. World of Won- 
ders. 

LUS'CIOUS, a. 1. Sweet or rich so as to cloy or nauseate; 
sweet to excess. 2. Very sweet ; delicious ; grateful to 
the taste. 3. Pleasing; delightful. 4. FuUsome. 5. 
Smutty ; obscene ; [unusual.] 

LUS'CIOUS-LY, adv. 1. With sweetness or richness that 
cloys or nauseates. 2. Obscenely. Steele. 

LUS'CIOUS-NESS, n. Immoderate richness or sweetness 
that cloys or offends. Mortimer. 

LtJ'SERN, n. A lynx. Johnson. 

fLUSH, a. Of a dark, deep, full color. Shak. 

tLUSK, a. [Fr. lasche.] Lazy; slothful. 

t LUSK, n. A lazy fellow ; a lubber. 

LUSK'ISH, a. Inclined to be lazy. Marston. 

LUSK'ISH-LY, adv. Lazily. 

t LUSK'ISH-NESS, n. Disposition to indolence ; laziness. 

LU-So'RI-OUS, a. [L. lusorius.] Used in play ; sportive. 
[Little iLsed.] Sanderson. 

Lu'SO-RY, a. [L. lusorius.] Used in play ; playful. 

LUST, n. [Sax., G., D., Sw. lust.] 1. Longing desire ; eag- 
erness to possess or enjoy. 2. Concupiscence ; carnal 
appetite ; unlawful desire of carnal pleasure. 3. Evil 
propensity ; depraved affections and deskes. 4. Vigor ; 
active power ; [obs.] 

LUST, V. i. [Sax. lustan.] 1. To desire eagerly ; to long ; 
with after. 2. To have carnal desire ; to desire eagerly 
the gratification of carnal appetite. 3. To have irregular 
or inordinate desires. 4. To^list ; to like. 

LUST'FUL, o. 1. Having lust, or eager desire of carnal grat- 
ification ; libidinous. 2. Provoking to sensuality ; incit- 
ing to lust, or exciting carnal desire. 3. Vigorous ; robust ; 
stout. 

LUST'FUL-LY, adv. With concupiscence or carnal desire. 

LUST'FUL-NESS, n. The state of having carnal desires ; 
libidinousness. 

LUST'I-LY, adv. With vigor of body ; stoutly. 

LUST'I-NESS, ?2. Vigor of body ; stoutness ; strength; ro- 
bustness ; sturdiness. Dryden. 

liTJST'JNG, ppr. Having eager desire; having carnal 
appetite. 

LUST'ING, n. Eager desire ; inordinate desire ; desire of 
carnal gratification. 

t LUST'LESS, a. 1. Listless ; not willing. 2. Not vigorous. 

LUS'TRAI-, a. [L. lustralis.] 1. Used in purification. 2. 
Pertaining to purification. 

LUS'TRATE, v. t. [L. lustro.] 1. To make clear or pure ; 
to purify ; [see Illustrate.] 2. To view ; to survey. 

LUS-TRa'TION, n. 1. The act or operation of making 
clear or pure ; a cleansing or purifying by water. — 2. In 
antiquity, the sacrifices or ceremonies by which cities, 
fields, armies or people, defiled by crimes, were purified. 

LUS'TRE, ) n. [Fr. lustre ,• L. lustrum.] 1. Brightness ; 

LUS'TER, \ splendor ; gloss. 2. The splendor of birth, 
of deeds, or of fame ; renown ; distinction. 3. A sconce 
with lights ; a branched candlestick of glass. 4. [L. lus- 
trum.] The space of five years. 

LUS'TRI-CAL, a. Pertaining to purification. Middleton. 

* LUS'TRING, n. A species of glossy silk cloth. [Corruptly 
written and pronounced lutestring.] 

LUS'TROUS, a._ Bright ; shining ; luminous. Shak. 

LUS'TRUM, n. In ancient Rome, the space of five years. 

LUST'-STaINED, a. Defiled by lust. Shak. 



* See Synopsis. A E, T, 0, U, Y, long.—F^-R, FALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;- 



MAC 



509 



MAC 



IjUST'WoRT, n. A plant of the genus drosera. 
LUST'Y, a. [Dan. lustig.] 1. Stout ; vigorous ; robust ; 
healthful; able of body. 2. Bulky; large; of great 
size. 3. Handsome ; pleasant ; saucy ; [obs.'\ 4. Copious ; 
plentiful. 5. Pregnant; a colloquial use. 

LU'TA-NIST n. A person that plays on the lute. 

LU-Ta'RI-OoS, a. [L. lutarius.] 1. Pertaining to mud ; 
living in mud. 2. Of the color of mud. Grew. 

LU-Ta'TION, tu The act or method of luting vessels. 

LUTE, 71. [Fr. luth ; It. Imto ; Sp. laud; D. luit.] An in- 
strument of music with strings. 

LUTE, } n. [Ju. luturii.] Among chemists, a composition 

LuT'ING, ) ot clay or other tenacious substance, used for 
stopping the juncture of vessels. 

LUTE, V. t. To close or coat w^ith lute. Bacon. 

LUTE'€ASE, n. A case for a lute. Sliak. 

LUT'ED, pp. Closed with lute. 

LuT'E-NlST,w. A performer on the lute. Bushy. 

LuT'ER, or LuTIST, n. One wlio plays on a lute. 

I-UTE'STRING, n. The string of a lute. Shak. 

LtjTE'STRING. See Lustring. 

Lu'THER-AN, a. Pertaining to Luther, the reformer. 

Lu'THER-AN^K. A disciple or foUower of Luther. 

LU'THER-AN-ISM, n. The doctrines of religion as taught 
by Luther. 

Lu'THERN, n. In architecture, a kind of window over the 
cornice, in the roof of a building. 

LuT'ING, ppr. Closing with lute. 

Lu'TU-LENT, a. [L. lutulentus.] Muddy ; turbid : thick. 

LUX, ) V. t. [L. luxo; Fr. Inzer.] To displace, or re- 

LUX'ATE, ) move from its proper place, as a joint ; to 
put out of joint ; to dislocate. 

LUX'A-TED, j)p. Put out of joint ; dislocated. 

LUX'A-TING, ;?;jr. Removing or forcing out of its place, as 
a joint ; dislocating. 

LUX-a'TION, n. 1. The act of moving or forcing a joint 
from its proper place or articulation ; or the state of being 
thus put out of joint. 2. A dislocation ; that which is dis- 
located. 

t LUXE, n. Luxury. 

LUX-U'RI-ANCE, } n. [L. luxurians.] 1. Rank growth ; 

LUX-U'RI-AN-CY, \ strong, vigorous growth ; exube- 
rance. 2. Excessive or superfluous growth. 

LUX-U'RI-ANT, a. 1. Exuberant in growth ; abundant. 
2. Exuberant in plenty; superfluous in abundance. — 3. 
A luxuriant flower multiplies the covers of the fructifica- 
tion so as to destroy the essential parts. 

LUX-U'RI-ANT-LY, adv. With exuberant growth. 

LUX-U'RI-ATE, V. i. To grow exuberantly, or to gi'ow to 
superfluous abundance. 

LUX-U-Rl-A'TION, n. The process of growing exuberant- 
ly, or beyond the natural growth. Lee. 

LUX-U'RI-OUS, a. [Fr. hixurieiix ; Jj. luxuriosus.] 1. Vo- 
luptuous ; indulging freely or excessively the gratification 
of appetite, or in expensive dress and equipage. 2. Ad- 
ministering to luxury ; contributing to free or extravagant 
indulgence in diet, dress and equipage. 3. Furnished 
with luxuries. 4. Softening by pleasme, or free indul- 
gence in luxury. 5. Lustful ; libidinous ; given to the 
gratification of lust. 6. Luxuriant ; exuberant ; [obs.] 



LUX-U'RI-OUS-LY, adv. In abundance of rich diet, dreas 
or equipage ; deliciously ; voluptuously. 

LUX'U-RIST, n. One given to luxury. Temple. 

LUX'U-RY, n. [L. luxuria.] 1. A free or extravagant in- 
dulgence in the pleasures of the table ; voluptuousness in 
the gratification of appecite ; the free indulgence in costly 
dress and equipage. 2. That which gratifies a nice ana 
fastidious appetite ; a dainty ; any delicious food or drink. 
3. Any thing delightful to the senses. 4. Lust ; lewd 
desire ; [obs.'j 5. Luxuriance ; exuberance of growth : 
[obs.] 

LY, a termination of adjectives, is a contraction of Sax. lie, 
G. lich, D. lyk, Dan. Uge, Sw. lik, Eng. like; as in lovely, 
manly, that is, love-like, man-like. 

LY'AM, 71. A leash for holding a hound. Drayton. 

LY-€AN'THRO-PY, n. [Gx.\vKave^wT:ia.] A madness. 

LY-Ce'UM, n. [L.] A school; a literary association. 

LY-€OS'TOM, 71. A Baltic fish resembling a herring. 

LYiyi-AN, a. [from Lydia.] Noting a kind of soft, slovr 
music, anciently in vogue. Milton. 

LYD'I-AN STONE, 71. Flinty slate. Ure. 

LyE, 71. [Sax. leak.] Water impregnated with alkaline 
salt imbibed from the ashes of wood. 

LYE, n. A falsehood. See Lie. 

IjYHNG, ppr. of lie. Being prostrate. See Lie. 

LY'ING, ppr. of lie, Tellhig falsehood. — Lying-in. 1. Being 
m childbuth. 2. n. The act of bearing a child. 

LY'ING-LY, adv. Falsely ; without truth. Shericood. 

LYM'NITE, n. A kind of fresh-water snail, found fossil. 

LYMPH, n. [L. lympha.] Water, or a colorless fluid in an- 
imal bodies, separated from the blood and contained in 
certain vessels called lymphatics. 

LYMPH'A-TED ( "" brightened into madness ; raving. 

LYM-PHAT'I€,'a. L Pertaining to lymph. 2. EntLusi- 
astic ; [obs.] Shaftesbury. 

LYM-PHAT'1€, n. 1. A vessel of animal bodies which 
contains or conveys lymph. 2. A mad enthusiast ; a lu- 
natic ; [obs.] 

LYi\IPH'E-DU€T, n. [L. lympha and ductus.] A vessel of 
animal bodies which conveys the lymph. 

LYM-PHOG'RA-PHY, 71. [L. hjmpha, and Gr. ypa6(o.] 
A description of the lymphatic vessels. 

LYN'DEN-TREE, n. A plant. 

LYNX, n. [L. lynx.] A quadruped of the genus felis, eel 
ebrated for the sharpness of his sight. 

Ly'RATE, ) a. In botany, divided transversely into sev- 

Ly'RA-TED, \ eial jags, the lower ones smaller and more 
remote from each other than the upper ones. 

Lyre, n. [Fr. lyre ; L. lyra.] A stringed instrument of 
music, a kind of harp much used by the ancients. 

J YR'IC, ) a. [L. lyricus ; Fr. lyrique.] Pertaining to a 

LYR'I-€AL, ( lyre or harp. 

L YR'IC, n. A composer of lyric poems. Jlddison. 

LYR'I-CISM, n. A lyric composition. Gray. 

IjY''RIST, n. A musi-ciiin who plays on the harp or lyre. 

LYS, ?(. A Chinese measure of length, equal to 533 yards. 

LY-Te'RI-AN, a. [Gr. }'VTT]piog.] In medical science, ter- 
minating a disease ; indicating the solution of a disease. 

LYTH'RODE, 71. A mineral found in Norway. 



M. 



Mis the thirteenth letter of the English Alphabet, and a 
labial articulation, formed by a compression of the 
lips. It is called a semi-voioel, and its sound is uniform ; 
as in 771071, lime, rim. 

M is a numeral letter, and, among the ancients, stood for a 
thousand ; a use which is retained by the moderns. With 
a dash or stroke over It, M, it stands for a thousand times 
a thousand, or a million. 

A. M. or M. A. stands for artium magister, master of arts ; 
M. D. for medicinm doctor, doctor of medicine ; A. M. for 
anno mundi, the year of the world ; MS. for manuscript ; 
MSS. for manuscripts. 

MAB, 71. [W. mab.] 1. In northern mythology, the queen of 
the imaginary beings called /ai?^es. 2. A slattern. 

MAB, V. i. To dress negligently. Ray. 

MAC, in names of Scotch and Irish origin, signifies son. See 
Maid. 

MAC-A-Ro'Ni, n. [It. maccheroni.] 1. A kind of paste 
made of flour, eggs, sugar and almonds, and dressed with 
butter and spices. 2. A sort of droll or fool, and, hence, a 
fop ; a fribble ; a finical fellow. 

MAC-A-R0N'I€, a. 1. Pertaining to or like a macaroni ; 
empty; trifling; vain; affected. 2. Consisting of a mix- 
ture or jumble of ill-formed or ill-connected words. 

MA€-A-RON'IC, 7i. A kind of burlesque poetry, in which 



words of different languages are intermixed, and native 
words are made to end in Latin terminations, or Latin 
words are modernized. Jones. 

MAC-A-ROON'. The same as macaroni. 

MA-CAU'CO, 71. A name of several species of quadrupeds 
of the genus lemur. Encyc. 

MA-CAW, or MA-CA'O, n. The name of a race of beauti- 
ful fowls of the parrot kind, under the genus psittacus. 

MA-CAW'-TREE, n. A species of palm tree. Miller. 

MAC'CA-BEES, n. The name of two apocryphal books in 
the Bible. 

MAC'CO-BOY, n. A kind of snuff". 

MACE, 71. [It. mazza ; Sp. 7naza ; Port, maga.] An ensign 
of authority borne before magistrates. 

MACE, n. [L. macis.] A spice ; the second coat which cov- 
ers the nutmeg. 

MaCE'-ALE, n. Ale spiced with mace. Wiseman. 

MaCE'-BEAR-ER, 71. A person who carries a mace. 

MAC'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. 7Kace?-o.] 1. To make lean ; to 
wear away. 2. To mortify ; to harass with corporeal 
hardships ; to cause to pine or waste away. 3. To steep 
almost to solution ; to soften and separate the parts of a 
substance by steeping it in a fluid, or by the digestive 
process. 

MAC'ER-A-TED, pp. Made thin or lean ; steeped almost to 
solution. 



♦ See Synop^ MOVE. BOOK, DoVE :— BULL, UNITE -€ a.s K : 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



MAD 



510 



MAG 



MACER-A-TING, ppr. Making lean ; steeping almost to 
solution ; softening. 

MAC-ER-A'TION, n. 1. The act or the process of making 
thin or lean by wearing away, or by mortification. 2. 
The act, process or operation of softening and almost dis- 
solving by steeping in a fluid. 

MaCE'-REED, or REED'-MACE, n. A plant. 

MA€H-I-A-VeL'IAN, a. [from MachiaveL] Pertaining to 
Machiavel, or denoting his principles ; politically cun- 
ning ; craftyj cunning in political management. 

MACH-I-A-VeL'IAN, n. One who adopts the principles of 
Machiavel. 

MACH I-A-VEL-ISM, n. The principles of Machiavel ; po- 
litical cunning and artifice. 

MA€H-I-€0-La'TION, n. [Fr. meche and couler.] In old 
castles, the pouring of hot substances through apertures in 
the upper part of the gate upon assailants ; or the aper- 
tures themselves, 

MA€H'I-ATAL, a. Pertaining to machines. Diet. 

MaCH'I-NATE, v. t. [L. machinor.] To plan ; to contrive : 
to form a scheme. Sandys. 

MA€H'I-NA-TED, pp. Planned ; contrived. 

MA€H'I-NA-TING, ppr. Contriving ; scheming. 

MAGH-I-Na'TION, n. [Fr.] The act of planning or con- 
triving a scheme for executing some purpose, particularly, 
an evil purpose ; an artful design formed with delibera- 
tion. 

MA€H'I-NA-T0R, n. One that forms a scheme, or who 
plo^s with evil designs. Olanville. 

MA-CHiNE', 71. [Fr. ; L. machina.] 1. An artificial work, 
simple or complicated, that serves to apply or regulate 
moving power, or to produce motion, so as to save time or 
force. 2, An engine 5 an uistrument of force. 3. Super- 
natural agency in a poem, or a superhuman being intro- 
duced into a poem to perform some exploit. 

MA-CHlN'ER-Y, n. 1. A complicated work, or combination 
of mechanical powers in a work, designed to increase, 
regulate or apply motion and force. 2. Machines in gen- 
eral. — 3. In epic and dramatic poetry, superhuman beings 
introduced by the poet to solve difficulty, or perform some 
exploit which exceeds human power. 

t MA-CHIN'ING, a. Denoting Tlie machinery of a poem. 

MA-CHi'NIST, n. [Fr. machavi.stc] A constructor of ma- 
chine* and engines, or one well versed in the principles of 
machines. 

N \-CIG'NO, 71. [It.] A species of stone. Cyc. 

IiiAC'I-LEN-CY, ?(. [See Macilbnt.] Learmess. 

MAC'I-LENT, a. [h.macileatus.] Lean ; thin. 

MA€K, 71. 'i^a corruption of make, inthe JVorth of Englarid.] 
A sort ; a kind ; a fashion. 

MAGK'ER-EL, 71. [D. mackreel : Cmackrele.] A species 
offish of the genus scomber, an excellent table fish. 

MA€K'ER-EL, n._ [Old Fr. inaquereL] A pander or pimp. 

MA€K'ER-EL-G aLE, n,, in Dryden, may mean a gale that 
ripples the surface of the sea. 

MAGK'ER-EL-SKy, 71. A sky streaked or marked like a 
mackerel. Hooke. 

MAG'LE, n. A name given to chiastolite or hollow spar. 

]\iA€-Lu'RITE, n. A mineral. jYuttall. 

MAG'RO-GOSM, n. [Gr. ^a/cpoj and koct/zos.] The great 
world ; the universe, or the visible system of worlds. 

MA-€ROL'0-GY, n. [Gr. [xaKpos and Aoyo?.] Long and 
tedious talk ; prolonged discourse without matter ; super- 
fluity of words. 

MA€-Ta'TION, 71. [L. viacto.] The act of killing a victim 
for sacrifice. Encyc. 

MAG'U-LA, n. [L.] A spot, as on the skin, or on the sur- 
face of the sun or other luminous orb. 

MAOU-LATE, v. t. [L. macule] To spot ; to stam. 

MA€'U-LATE, ) «^„„„. 

MA€'U-LA-TED, \ °" -PO"ed. 

MA€-U-La'TIO]N, n. The act of spotting ; a spat ; a stain. 

MAG'ULE, 71. A spot. [Little used.] 

MAD, a. [Sax. gemaad ; Ir. amad; It. matto.] 1. Disordered 
in intellect ; distracted ; furious. 2, Proceeding from dis- 
ordered intellect or expressing it. 3. Enraged ; furious. 
4. Inflamed to excess with desire ; excited with violent 
and unreasonable passion or appetite ; infatuated. 5. 
Distracted with anxiety or trouble ; extremely perplexed. 
6. Infatuated with folly, 7. Inflamed with anger ; very 
angry. Jirhuthnot. 8. Proceeding from folly or infatua- 
tion. 

MAD, V. t. To make mad, furious or angry. Sidney. 

M AD, V. i. To be mad, furious or wild. Spenser. 

MAD, or MADE, n. [Sax,, Goth, matha.] An earth-worm, 
Ray. 

MADAM, n. [Fr. ma, and dame.] An appellation or com- 
plimentary title given to married and elderly ladies, or 
chiefly to them. 

MAD'AP-PLE, 71. A plant of the genus solanum. 

MAD'BRaIN, ) a. Disordered in mind ; hot-headed ; 

MAD'BRaINED, \ rash, Skak. 

MAD'GAP, n. [mad-caput or cap.] A violent, rash, ho,- 
headed i^rson ; a madman. 



MAD'DEN, (raad'n) v. t. To make mad. Thomson 

MAD'DEN, V. i. To become mad : to act as if mad 

MAD'DENED, pp. Rendered mad. 

MAD'DEN-ING, ppr. Making mad or angry. 

MAD'DER,7i. [Sax, madder e.] A plant which is much used 
in dyeing red. 

MAD'DING, ppr. of mad. Raging; furious. Dryden. 

MAD'DLE, V. i. To forget ; to wander ; to be in a kind of 
confusion. Brockett. 

MADE, pret. and pp. of make. 

MAD-E-FA€'TION, n. [L.madefacio.] The act of making 
wet. 

MAD'E-FlED, pp. Made wet. Bacon. 

MADE-FY, v. t. [L. madefio.] To make wet or moist ; to 
moisten._ [J^ot much used.] 

MAD'E-FY-ING, ppr. Making moist or wet. 

MA-DEI'RA, n. A rich wine made on the isle of Madeira. 

MAD-EM-OI-SELLE', (mad-em-wa-zell')«, [Fr. maandde- 
moiselle.] A young woman, or the title given to one : miss 

MAD'HEAD-ED, a. Hot-brained ; rash. Shak. 

MAD'HOUSE, 7!. A house where insane persons are con- 
fined for cure or for restraint. 

fMAD'ID, a. ['L.wadidus.] Wet; moist. 

MADGE-HOW'LET, 7;. [Fr. machette.] An owl, 

MAD'LY, adv. Without reason or understanding ; rashly ; 
wildly. 

MAD'MAN, n. 1. A man raving or furious with disordered 
intellect; a distracted man, 2. A man without under- 
standing. 3. One inflamed with extravagant passion, and 
acting contrary to reason. 

MAD'NESS, n. 1. Distraction; a state of disordered reason 
or intellect, in which the patient raves or is furious. 2. 
Extreme folly ; headstrong passion and rashness that act 
in opposition to reason. 3. Wildness of passion ; fury; 
rage. 

MA-Do'NA, } n. [Sp. madona ; It. madonna.] A term of 

MA-DON'NA, \ compellation equivalent to madam. It is 
given to the virgin Mary, 

MAD'RE-PORE, n. [Fr. madre, and pore.] A submaruie 
substance of a stony hardness, resembling coral. 

MAD'RE-PO-RlTE, 71. A name given to certain petrified 
bones found in Normandy. 

MAD'RE-PO-RlTE, n. 1. A variety of limestone, 2. Fossil 
madrepore. 

MAD-RIeR', 71. [Fr.] A thick plank armed with iron 
plates, with a cavity to receive the mouth of a petard ; a 
plank used for supporting the earth in mines. 

MAD'RI-GAL, 77. [Sp,, Port,, Fr. madrigal ; It. madrigale.] 
1. A httle amorous poem, sometimes called a pastoral 
poem.^ 2, An elaborate vocal composition in five or six 
parts, 

MAD'W6ri,T, n. A plant of the genus alyssum. 

M^RE, adv. It is derived from the Saxon mer, famous, 
great, noted ; so .Mlmere is all-famous. Oibson. 

MAES-To'SO, an Italian word signifying majestic, a direc- 
tion m music to plav tJie part with grandeur and strength. 

t MAF'FLE, V. i. To stammer. Barret. 

MAF'FLER, n. A stummerer. Ainsworth. 

MAG-A-ZINE', n. [Fr, magazin .; It. magazzino.] 1. A 
store of arms, ammunition or provisions ; or the building 
in which such store is deposited, — 2. In ships of war, a 
close room in the hold, where the gunpowder is kept, 3. 
A pamphlet periodically published, containing miscella- 
neous papers or compositions. 

MAG-A-ZiN'ER,7(. One who writes for a magazine. [L.u.] 

t MAGE, 77. A magician. Spenser. 

MAG-EL-LAN'I€ GLOUDS, 77. Whitish clouds, or appear- 
ances like clouds, near the south pole, 

MAG'GOT, 77. [W. macai, plu, maceiod, magiod.] 1. A 
worm or grub ; particularly, the fly-worm, 2. A whim ; 
an odd fancy, 

MAG'GOT-TI-NESS, n. The state of abounding with mag- 
gots. 

MAG'GOT-Y, a. Full of maggots. 

MAG'GOT-Y-HEAD-ED, a. Having a head full of whims, 

Ma'GT, 77. plu. [L.] Wise men or philosophers of the East 

Ma'6I-AN, a. [L, magus ; Gr. fiayos.] Pertaining to the 
jMagi, a sect of philosophers in Persia, 

Ma'gI-AN, 77. One of the sect of the Persian Magi. 

Ma'6I-AN-ISM, n. The philosophy of the Magi. 

MAG'IG, 71. [It. magia ; Gr. fiayeia.] 1. The art or science 
of putting into action the power of spirits ; scjrcery ; en- 
chantment. 2. The secret operations of natural causes. 

MAG'IG, ) a. 1. Pertaining to magic ; used in magic. 

MAG'I-€AL, I 2. Performed by magic, the agency of 
spirits, or by the invisible powers of nature. 

MAG'I-GvUli-LY, adv. By the arts of magic ; according to 
the rules or rites of magic ; by enchantment. 

MA-Gi'CIAN, (ma-jish'an) 77, One skilled in magic ; one 
that practices the black art ; an enchanter ; a necroman- 
cer ; a sorcerer or sorceress. 

MAG-IS-Te'RI-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to a master ; such as 
suits a master ; authoritative, 2. Proud ; lofty ; arrogant ; 



* See SynyiP.3. A, E, I, O, U, Y, lonff.—FAR, PALL, WHAT ;— PRgY j— PlN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. 



MAG 



511 



MAI 



imperious ; domineering. — 3. In chemistry, pertaining to 
magistery, wliich see, 
MA6-IS-Te'III-AL-LY, adv. Wilh the air of a master ; ar- 

rogEintly ; autlioritatively. South. 
MACJ-IS-Te'RI-AL-NESS, n. Tlie air and manner of a 

master ; haugluiness ; imperiousness ; peremptoriness. 
f MAG'IS-TER-Y, n. [L. viagisteriinn.] Among chemists, a 
precipitate ; a fine substance deposited by precipitation ; 
usually applied to particular kinds of precipitate. 

MAG'IS-TKA-CY, n. 1. The office or dignity of a magis- 
trate. 2. The body of magistrates. 

■\ MA6'IS-TRAL, a. Suiting a magistrate ; authoritative. 

t MAG'IS-TRAL, n. A sovereign medicine or remedy. 

f MAG-IS-TRAL'I-TY, n. Despotic authority in opinion. 

t MA6'IS-TRAL-LY, adv. Authoritatively. Bramhall. 

MA6'IS-TRATE, n. [L. magistratus.'] A public civil offi- 
cer, invested with the executive or judicial authority, or 
some branch of it. 

MA6-IS-TRAT'I€, a. Having the authority of a magis- 
trate. 

MA6'IS-TRA-TURE, n. [Fr.] Magistracy. {Little used.] 

MAG'NA €HAR'TA, n. [L. great charter.] 1. The great 
charter, so callea, obtained by the English barons from 
King John, A. D. 1215. 2. A fundamental constitution 
which guarantees rights and privileges. 

•f MAG-NAL'I-TY, n. [L. magnalia.'] A great thing. Brown. 

MAG-NA-NIM'I-TY, n. [L. magnanimitas.] Greatness of 
mina , that elevation or dignity of soul, which encounters 
danger and trouble with tranquillity and firmness. 

MAG-NAN'I-MOUS, a. [L. magnanimus.] I. Great of 
mind ; elevated in soul or in sentiment ; brave ; disin- 
terested. 2. Dictated by magnanimity ; exhibiting noble- 
ness of soul ; liberal and honorable ; not selfish. 

MAG-NAN'I-MOUS-LY, adv. With greatness of mind ; 
bravely ; with dignity and elevation of sentiment. 

M.4.G-Ne'SIA, 7i. [Ft. inagnesie.] A primitive earth, hav- 
ing ibrjts base a substance called magnesium. 

MAG-Ne'SIAN, a. Pertaining to magnesia. 

MAG'NE-SlTE, n. Carbonated magnesia. 

MAG-Ne'SIUM, n. The base of magnesia. 

MAG'NET, n. [L.] The lodestone ; an ore of iron which 
has the peculiar properties of attracting metallic iron, of 
pointing to the poles, and of dipping or inclining down- 
wards. 

MAG-NET'I€, ) a. 1. Pertaming to the magnet ; pos- 

MAG-NET'I-CAL, ] sessing the properties of the magnet, 
or corresponding properties. 2. Attractive. 

MAG-NET'I-€AL-LY, adv. By means of magnetism ; by 
the power of attraction. Burton. 

MAG-NET'I-€AL-NESS, ; n. The quality of bemg mag- 

MAG-NET'I€-NESS, \ netic. 

MAG-NET'I€S, n. The science of magnetism. 

MAG-NE-TIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing magnetism. 

MAG'NET-ISM, n. 1. That branch of science which treats 
of the properties of the magnet, the power of the lode- 
stone, &c. 2. Power of attraction. — .Animal magnetism, a 
sympathy supposed to exist between the magnet and the 
human body. 

MAG'NET-iZE, v. t. To communicate magnetic properties 
to any thiiig. 

MAG'iVET-iZE, v. i. To acquire magnetic properties ; to 
become magnetic. 

MAG'NET-lZED, pp. Made magnetic. 

MAG'NET-lZ-ING, ppr. Imparting magnetism to. 

MAG'NI-Fl-A-BLE, a. That may be magnified ; worthy of 
being magnified or extolled. 

MAG-NIF'I€, I a. [L. mao-nijicas.] Grand ; splendid ; 

MAG-NIF'I-€AL, ] illustrious. Jililton. 

MAG-NIF'I-eAL-'LY, adv. In a magnificent manner. 

t MAG-NIF'I-€ATE, w. t. To magnffy or extol . Marston. 

MAG-NIF'I-CENCE, n. [L. magnijicentia.] Grandeur of ap- 
pearance ; greatness and splendor of show or state. 

MAG-NIF'I CENT, a. 1. Grand in appearance ; splendid ; 
pompous. 2. Exhibiting grandeur. 

BIAG-NIF'I-CENT-LY, adv. 1. With splendor of appear- 
ance, or pomp of show. 2. With exalted sentiments. 

MAG-NIF'I-€0, n. A grandee of Venice. Shak. 

MAG'NI-Fi-ER, n. 1. One who magnifies ; one who extols 
c.- exalts in praises. 2. A glass that magnifies ; a convex 
lens whicji increases the apparent magnitude of bodies. 

MAG'NI-Fy, V. t. [L. magnifico.] 1. To make great or great- 
er ; to increase the apparent dimensions of a'body. 2. To 
nwke great in representation ; to extol ; to exalt in de- 
scription or praise. 3. To extol ; to exalt ; to elevate ; to 
raise in estimation. 

MAG'NI-Fy-ING, ppr. Enlarging apparent bulk or dimen- 
sions ; extolling ; exalting. 

MAG-NIL'0-aUENCE,7i. [L.magnus and loquens.] Alofty 
manner of speaking ; tumid, pompous words or style. 

MAG'NI-TUDE, n. [L. magnitudo.] 1. Extent of dimen- 
sions or parts; bulk; size. 2. Greatness; grandeur. 3. 
Greatness, in reference to influence or effect ; import- 
ance. 

MAG-No'LI-A, n. The laurel-leafed tulip-tree. 



MAG'PiE, n. [W. piog ; L. pica, with mag.] A chattenng 
bird of the genus corvus. 

MAG'UEF, 11. A species of aloe in Mexico. 

MAG'Y-DARE, n. [L. magudaris.] A plant. Ainsworth. 

MA-HOG'A-NY, n. A tree growing in the tropical climate 
of America, used for making beautiful and durable cabine 
furniture. 

MA-HOM'E-TAN, or MO-HAM'ME-DAN. This word and 
the name of the Arabian prophet, so called, are written in 
many different ways. The best authorized and most cor~ 
rect orthography seems to be Mohammed, Mohammedan. 
See Mohammedan. 

Ma'HOUND, n. Formerly, a contemptuous name for Alo- 
hammed and the devil, &c. Skelton. 

MaID, n. A species of skate-fish. 

MaID, } n. [&ax. mcBgth j G. magd.] 1. An unmarried 

MaID'EN, ^ woman, or a young unmarried woman ; a 
virgin. 2. A female servant. 3. It is used in composi- 
tion, to express the feminine gender, as in maid-servant. 

'MaID'EN, n. A maid ; also, an instrument for beheading 
criminals, and another for washing linen. 

MaID'EN, a. 1. Pertaining to a young woman or virgin. 

2. Consisting of young women or virgins. 3. Fresh ; 
new ; unused. 

MaID'EN, v. i. To speak and act demurely or modestly. 

JMaID'EN-HAIR, n. A plant of the genus adiantum. 

MaID'EN-HOOD, n. [Sax. mcegdenhad, madenhad.] 1. The 
state of being a maid or virgm ; virginity. 2. Newness j 
freshness ;_uncontaminated state. 

MaID'EN-LiKE, a. Like a maid ; modest. Shak. 

MaID'EN-LI-NESS, n. The behavior that becomes a maid j 
modesty ; gentleness. Sherwood. 

MaID'EN-LIF, n. A plant. Ainsworth. 

SIaID'EN-LY, a. Like a maid ; gentle ; modest. 

MaID'EN-LY, adv. In a maidenlike manner. 

MaID'HOOD, n. Virginity. Shak. 

■\ MaID-MAR'I-AN, 71. A dance ; so called from a buffoon 
dressed like a man. Temple. 

MaID'PALE, a. Pale, like a sick girl. Shak. 

MaID'-SER-VANT, 71. A female servant. Sxcift. 

Mail, 71. [Fr. maille.] 1. A coat of steel net-work, former- 
ly worn for defending the body against swords, poniards, 
&c. 2. Armor; that which defends the body.— 3. In 
ships, a square machine composed of rings interwoven, 
like net-work, used for rubbing off the loose hemp on lines 
and white cordage. 4. [Sax. mal.^ A rent ; also, a spot ; 
[obs.] 

MaIL, 71. [Fr. malette, malle.] A bag for the conveyance 
of letters and papers, particularly letters conveyed from 
one post-office to another. 

Mail, v. t. 1. To put on a coat of mail or annor ; to arm 
defensively. Shak. 2. To inclose in a wrapper and direct 
to a post-office. 

MaIL'-CoACH, n. A coach that conveys the public mails. 

Mailed, pp. l. covered with a mail or with armor; in- 
closed and directed. 2. a. Spotted ; speckled. 

MaIL'ING, ppr. Investing with a coat of mail ; inclosing 
iji a v.'rapper and directing to a post-office. 

MaIM, v. t. [Old Fr. mahcmer, or mahaigner.] 1. To deprive 
of the use of a limb, so as to render a°person less able to 
defend himself in fighting, or to annoy his adversary. 2. 
To deprive of a necessary part ; lo cripple ; to disable. 

MaIM, n. [written, in law-language, mayhem.] 1. The pri- 
vation of the use of a limb or mem.ber of the body. 2. 
The privation of any necessary part ; a crippling. 3. In- 
jury ; mischief. 4. Essential defect ; as, " a noble author 
esteems it to be a maim in history ;" [ohs.] 

MaIMED, pp. Crippled ; disabled in limbs ; lame. 

MaIM'ING, ppr. Disabling by depriving of the use of a 
limb ; crippling ; rendering lame or defective. 

MaIM'ED-NESS, 7i. A state of being maimed. 

MaEN, a. [Sax. magn.] 1. Principal; chief; that which 
has most power in producing an efi'ect. 2. Mighty ; vast. 

3. Important ; powerful. 

MAIN, n. 1. Strength ; force ; violent effort. 2. The gross ; 
the bulk ; the greater part. 3. The ocean ; the great sea, 
as distinguished from rivers, hays, sounds and the like. 

4. The continent, as distinguished from an isle. 5. A 
hamper. 6. A course; a duct.— For the main, in the main, 
for the most part. 

MAIN, 71. [L. manus ; Fr. main.] 1. A hand at dice : [obs.] 

2. A match at cock-fighting. 
MAIN'-LAND, n. The continent; the principal land, as 

opposed to an isle. 
Main LY, adv. 1 . Chiefly ; principally. 2. Greatly ; to a 

great degree ; mightily. 'Bacon. 
MaIN'-MAST, 71. The principal mast in a ship. 
MaIN'-KEEL, 71. The principal keel, as distinguished from 

the false keel. 
MaIN'OR, 71. [Old Fr. manoevre, meinour.] The old law 

phrase, to be taken as a thief tcith the mainor, signifies, to 

be taken in the very act of killing venison or stealing 

wood, or in preparing so to do ; or it denotes the being 

taken with the thing stolen upon him. 



*See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, DoVEj— BJJLL, UNITE.--€asK ; 6a5 Jj S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in t/m. i Obsolete. 



MAK 



512 



MAL 



MAIN-PERN' A-BLE, a. Tihat may be admitted to give 
surety by mainpernors ; that may be mainprized. 

3IAIN-PERN'OR, n. [Old Fr. main^ and prendre.] In law, 
a suretyfor a prisoner's appearance in court at a day. 

MaIN'PRiZE, 71. [Fr. jnain and pros.] 1. In law, a writ 
directed to the sheriff, commanding him to talie sureties 
for the prisoner's appearance, and to let him go at large. 
2. Deliverance of a prisoner on security for his appearance 
at a day^ 

MaIN'PRiZE, v. t. To suffer a prisoner to go at large, on 
his finding sureties, mainpernors, for his appetirance at a 
day. 

MaIN'-SAIL, 71. The principal sail in a ship. 

RlAlN'-SHEET, 71. TLd sheet that extends and fastens the 
main-sail. 

MaIN'SVVEaR, v. i. [Sax. manswerian.} To swear false- 
ly; to perjure one's self. Blount. 

MAIN-TaIN', v. t. [Fr. maintenir.] 1. To hold, preserve 
c- keep in any particular state or condition ; to support ; 
to sustain ; not to suffer to fail or decline. 2. To hold ; to 
keep ; not to lose or surrender. 3. To continue ; not to 
suffer to cease. 4. To keep up ; to uphold ; to support 
the expense of. 5. To support with food, clothing and 
other conveniences. 6. To support by intellectual pow- 
ers, or by force of reason. 7 To support ; to defend ; to 
vindicate ; to justify ; to prove to be just. 8. To support 
by assertion or argument; to affirm. 

MAIN-TaIN'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be maintained, sup- 
ported, preserved or sustained. 2. That may be defended 
or kept by force or resistance. 3. That may be defended 
by argument or just claim; vindicable ; defensible. 

MAIN-TaIN'ED, (maue-tand') pp. Kept in any state ; pre- 
served ; upheld ; supported ; defended ; vindicated. 

MAIN-TaIN'ER, n. One who supports, preserves, sustains 
or vindicates. 

MAIN-TaIN'ING, ppr. Supporting ; preserving ; uphold- 
ing; defending; vindicating. 

MaINTE-NANCE, 71. 1. Sustenance , sustentation ; sup- 
port by means of supplies of food, clothing and other con- 
veniences. 2. Means of support; that which supplies 
conveniences. 3. Support ; protection ; defense ; vindi- 
cation. 4. Continuance ; security from failure or decline. 
— 5. In law, an officious intermeddling in a suit in which 
the person has no interest. 

MaIN'-TOP, 71. The top of the main-mast of a ship or brig. 

i\! \^ FN'- YARD, 71. The yard on which the main-saD is ex- 
leaded, supported by the main-mast. 

t MAIS'TER, for master. Spenser. 

fMAlS'TRESS, for mistress. Chaucer. 

MaIZE, ) 71. A plant of the genus lea, the native corn of 

MaIZ, ) America, called Indian corn. 

Ma'JA, 71. A bird of Cuba, of a beautiful yellow color. 

f MAJ-ES-TAT'I€, ) a. Great in appearance ; having 

MAJ-ES-TAT'I-€AL, ( dignity. Pococke. 

MA-JES'TI€, a. 1, August ; having dignity of person or 
appearance ; grand ; princely. 2. Splendid ; grand. 3. 
Elevated ; lofty. 4. Stately ; becoming majesty. 

T.TA-JES'TI-€AL, a. Majestic. [Little used.] 

IuA-JES'TI-€AL-LY, adv. With dignity ; with grandeur ; 
with a lofty air or appearance. 

MA-JES'TI-€AL-NESS, ) 7i. State or manner of being ma- 

t MA-JES'TI€-NEStt, \ jestic. Oldenburg. 

MAJ'ES-TY, 71. [L. majestas.] 1. Greatness of appearance ; 
dignity ; grandeur ; dignity of aspect or manner ; the qual- 
ity or state of a person or thing which inspires awe or 
reverence in the beholder. 2. Dignity; elevation of man- 
ner. 3. A title of emperors, kings and queens. 

Ma'JOR^ a. [L.I 1. Greater in number, quantity or extent. 
2. Greater m dignity. — 3. In music, an epithet applied to 
the modes in which the third is four semitones above the 
tonic or key-note, and to intervals consisting of four semi- 
tones. 

Ma'JOR, 71. 1. In military affairs, an officer next in rank 
above a captain, and below a lieutenant-colonel. 2. The 
mayor of a town. See Mayor. 

Ma'JOR, 71. In law, a person of full age to manage his own 
concerns. 

Ma'JOR, 71. In lo^ic, the first proposition of a regular syl- 
logism, containmg the principal term. 

tMA-JOR-A'TION, 71. Increase; enlargement. Bacon. 

Ma'JOR-Do'MO, 71. [major and domus.] A man who holds 
the place of master of the house ; a steward ; also, a chief 
minister. 

Ma'J0R-6EN'ER-AL, 71. A military officer who commands 
a division or a number of regiments. 

MA-JOR'I-TY, 71. [Fr. majorite.] 1. The greater number; 
more than half. 2. Full age ; the age at which the laws 
of a country permit a young person to manage his own 
affairs. 3. The office, rank or commiss-ion of a major. 
4. The state of being greater , U. u.J 5. [L. majores.] 
Ancestors; ancestry; [obs.] 6. Chief rank; [obs.] 

MAKE, V. t. ; pret. and pp. made. [Sax. macian ; G. ma- 
chen ; D. maaken.] 1. To compel ; to constrain. 2. To 
form of materials ; to fashion ; to mold into shape ; to 



cause to exist in a different form, or as a distinct thing. 
3. To create ; to cause to exist ; to form from nothing. 4 
To compose ; to constitute as parts, materials or ingredi- 
ents united in a whole. 5. To form by art. 6. To pro- 
duce or effect, as the agent. 7. To produce, as the cause : 
to procure ; to obtain. 8. To do ; to perform ; to execute.' 
9. To cause to have any quality, as by change or altera- 
tion. 10. To bring into any state or condition ; to consti- 
tute. 11. To contract ; to establish. Rowe. 12. To keep. 
13. To raise to good fortune ; to secure in riches or happi- 
ness. 14. To suffer. 15. To incur; [improper.] 16. To 
commit ; to do ; [I. u.] Dryden. 17. To intend or to do ; 
to purpose to do ; [obs.] 18. To raise, as profit ; to gain ; to 
collect . 19. To discover ; to arrive in sight of; a seaman's 
phrase. 20. To reach; to arrive at; a seaman's phrase. 
21. To gain by advance. 22. To provide. 23. To put or 
place. 24. To turn ; to convert, as to use. 25. To repre- 
sent. 26. To constitute ; to form. 27. To induce ; to cause. 
28. To put into a suitable or regular form for use. 29. To 
fabricate ; to forge. 30. To compose ; to form and write. 
31. To cure ; to dry and prepare for preservation. 
To make amends, to make good ; to give adequate compen- 
sation ; to replace the value or amount of loss. — To make 
account of, to esteem ; to regard. — To make away. 1, To 
kill ; to destroy. 2. To alienate ; to transfer. Waller. — 
To make free with, to treat with freedom ; to treat without 
ceremony. — To make good. 1. To maintain; to defend. 
2. To fulfill ; to accomplish. 3. To make compensation 
for ; to supply an equivalent. — To make light of, to con- 
sider as of no consequence ; to treat with indifference or 
contempt. — To make love, or to make suit, to court; to 
attempt to gain the favor or affection. — To make merry, 
to feast ; to be joyful or jovial. — To make much of, to treat 
with fondness or esteem ; to consider as of great value, or 
as giving great pleasure. — To make of. 1. To understand. 

2. To produce from; to effect. 3. To consider; to ac- 
count ; to esteem. — To make over, to transfer the title of; 
to convey ; to alienate. — To make out. 1. To learn ; to 
discover; to obtain a clear understanding of. 2. To 
prove ; to evince ; to establish by evidence or argument. 

3. To furnish; to find or supply. — To make sure of. 1. 
To consider as certain. 2. To secure to one's possession. 

— To makeup. 1. To collect into a sum or mass. 2. To 
reconcile ; to compose. 3. To repair. 4. To supply what 
is wanting. 5. To compose, as ingredients or parts. 6. 
To shape. 7. To assume a particular form of features. 
8. To compensate ; to make good. 9. To settle ; to ad- 
just, or to arrange for settlement. 10. To determine ; to 
bring to a qefinite conclusion. — In seamen's language, to 
make sail, to increase the quantity of sail already extend- 
ed. — To make sternway, to move with the stern foremost. 
To make water, to leak. — To make words, to multiply 
words. 

MAKE, V. i. 1. To tend ; to proceed ; to move. 2. To con- 
tribute ; to have effect. 3. To rise ; to flow toward land. 

— To make as if, to show; to appear; to carry appear- 
ance. — To make aicay with, to kill ; to destroy. — To make 
for. 1. To move towards ; to direct a course towards. 2. 
To tend to advantage; to favor — To make against, to 
tend to injury. — To make out, to succeed ; to have success 
at last. — To make up, to approach. — To make up for, to 
compensate; to supply by aii equivalent. — To make up 
with, to settle differences ; to become friends. — To make 
with, to concur. 

MAKE, 71. Structure ; texture ; constitution of parts in a 

body, 
t MAKE, 71. [Sax. maca, gemaca.] A companion ; a mate, 

Spenser. 
MaKE'BATE, 71. [make, and Sax. bate.] One who excites 

contention and quarrels. Sidney. 
fMAKE'TiESS, a. Matchless; without a mate. 
Ma'KER, 71. 1. The Creator. 2. One that makes, fonns 

shapes or molds ; a manufacturer. 3. A poet. 
MaKE'PeACE, 71. A peace-maker; one that reconciles 

persons when at variance. Shak. 
MaKE'WEIGHT, 71. That which is thrown into a scale to 

make weight. Philips. 
Ma'KI, 71. An animal of the genus lemur. 
MaK'ING, ppr. Forming ; causing ; compelling ; creating ; 

constituting. 
MaK'ING, 7i. 1. The act of forming, causing or constitut- 
ing. 2. Workmanship. 3 Composition ; structure. 4. 

A poem. 
MAL, or MALE, [Fr. 77iaZ, L. mains,] as a prefix, in cotti- 

position, denotes ill or evil. 
MAL'A-CHITE, 7i. [Gr. ^a\a^7j.] An oxyd of copper, com- 
bined with carbonic acid. 
MAL'A-CO-LITE, 71. [Gr. na\axv.] Another name for 

diopside, a variety of pyroxene. Lunier. 
MAL-A-€OP-TE-RYG'E-OUS, a. [Gr. ixaXaxog, and nrs- 

pvyiov.] Having bony rays of fins, not sharp or pomted 

at the extremity ; as a fish. 



* See Synopsis. A E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT 5— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— t Obsolete 



MAL 



513 



MAL 



Rf A.L-A-€OS'TO-MOUS,a. [Gt. fiaXaKos and aroiia.] Hav- 
ing soft jaws without teeth ; as a fish. 

* MAL-AD-MIN-IS-TRa'TION, 71. Bad management of 
pubhc affairs 5 vicious or defective conduct in administra- 
tion. 

MAL'A-DY, n. [Fi. maladie ; It. malattia.] 1. Any sick- 
ness or disease of the human body 3 a lingering or deep- 
seated disorder or indisposition. 2. Defect or corruption 
of the heart ; depravity ; moral disorder or corruption of 
mora principles. 3. Disorder of the understanding or 
mind. 

MAL' A-GA, n. A species of wine imported from Malaga. 

MA-LAN'DERS, n. [from mal, and It. andare.] A dry scab 
on the pastern of a horse. Johnson. 

RIAL'A-PERT, a. [mal and pert.] Saucy ; quick, with im- 
pudence J sprightly, without respect or decency 5 bold ; 
forward. 

MAL'A-PERT-LY, adv. Saucily 5 with impudence. 

MAL'A-PERT-NESS, n. Sauciness ; impudent pertness or 
forwardness ; sprightliness of reply, without decency. 

MAL-AP'RO-POS, (mal-ap'ro-po) adv. [Fr.] Unsuitably. 

Ma'LAR, a. [L. mala.] Pertaining to the ciieek. 

MAL' ATE, n. [L. jnalum.] A salt formed by the malic 
acid, the acid of apples, combined with a base. 

\ MAL' AX-ATE, v. t. [Gr. ^KiKaaao).] To soften ; to knead 
to softness. 

MAL-AX-a'TION, n. The act of moistening and softening; 
or the forming of ingredients into a mass for pills or plas- 
ters. [Little used.] 

* MAL-€ON-FOR-Ma'TION, n. Ill form ; disproportion of 
parts . Tully. 

* MAL'€0N-TENT, n. [mal and content.] A discontented 
subject of government ; one who murmurs at the laws 
and administration. 

* MAL'€ON-TENT, ) a. Discontented with the laws 

* MAL-€ON-TENT'ED, \ or the administration of gov- 
ernment ; uneasy ; dissatisfied with the government. 

* MAL-€ON-TENT'ED-LY, ado. With discontent. 
*MAL-CON-TENT'ED-NESS, n. Discontentedness with 

tlie government ; dissatisfaction ; want of attachment to 
the government, manifested by overt acts. 

MALE, a. [Fr. male.] 1. Pertaining to the sex that procre- 
ates young, and applied to animals of all kinds. 2. De- 
noting the sex of a plant which produces the fecundating 
dust, or a flower or plant that bears the stamens only, 
v/ithout pistils. 3. Denoting the screw whose threads en- 
ter tlie grooves or channels of the corresponding or female 
screw. 

MALE, n. 1. Among animals^ one of the sex whose office 
is to beget young ; a he-animal.— 2. In botany, a plant or 
flower which produces stamens only, without pistils. — 3. 
In mechanics, the screw whose threads enter the grooves 
or channels of the corresponding part or female screw. 

MAL-E-DIC'EN-CY, n. [L. malediceiitia.] Evil speak- 
ing ; reproachful language ; proneness to reproach. [Lit- 
tle used.] 

MAL'E-DI-CENT, a. Speaking reproachfully 3 slanderous. 
[Little used.] Sandys. 

t MAL-E-DI€T'ED, a. Accursed. Diet. 

MAL-E-DI€'TION, n. [L. maledictic] Evil speaking 3 
denunciation of evil ; a cursing 3 curse or execration. 

MAL-E-F ACTION, n. [L. male and facio.] A criminal 
deed ; a crime 3 an offense against the laws. [L. m.] 

MAL-E-FA€'TOR, n. One who commits a crime 3 a crimi- 
nal. Dry den. 

t MA-LEP'I€, I a. [L. maleficus.] Mischievous ; hurt- 

+ MA-LEF'iaUE, i ful. 

f MAL'E-FiCE, n. [Fr.] An evil deed 3 artifice 3 enchant- 
ment. Chaucer. 

t MAL-E-Fi"CtATE, v. t. To bewitch. Burton. 

t MAL-E-Fl-CI-A'TION, n. A bewitching. 

MAL-E-FI"CIENCE, n. [L. maleficientia.] The doing of 
evil, harm or mischief. 

MAL-E-Fl"CIENT, a. Doing evil, harm or mischief. 

t MA-LEN'GINE, n. [Fr. malencrin.] Guile ; deceit. 

I MAL'ET, n. [Fr. malette.] A little bag or budget ; a port- 
manteau. Shelton. 

MA-LEV'0-LENCE, n. [L. malevolentia.] Ill-will 3 per- 
sonal hatred 5 evil disposition towards another ; enmity 
of heart 5 inclination to injure otliers. It expresses less 
than malignity. Shale. 

MA-LEV'0-LENT, a. 1. Having an evil disposition to- 
wards another or others ; wisliing evil to others ; ill-dis- 
posed, or disposed to injure others. 2. Unfavorable 3 un- 
propitious ; bringing calamity. 

MA-LEV'0-LENT-LY, ffldv. With ill-will or enmity ; with 
the wish or design to injure. 

t MA-LEV'0-LOUS, a. Malevolent. Warburton. 

MAL-FeA'SANCE, n. [Fr.] Evil doing 3 wrong ; illegal 
deed. 

MAL-FORM-A'TION, 71. [mal and formaUon.] Ill or wrong 
formation ; irregular or anomalous formation or structure 
of parts. Darwin. 



Ma'LI€, a. [ L. malum.] Pertainmg to apples 3 drawn from 
the juice of apples. Chemistry. 

MAL'iCE, n. [Fr., It. malizia ; Sp. malicia; L. malitia.] 
Extreme enmity of heart, or malevolence ; a disposition 
to injure others without cause 5 unprovoked malignity or 
spite. 

t MAL'ICE, V. t. To regard with extreme ill-will. 

MA-Ll"CIOUS, a. I. Harboring ill-will or enmity without 
provocation 3 malevolent in the extreme ; malignant in 
heart. 2. Proceeding from extreme hatred or ill-will ; 
dictated by malice. 

MA-Ll"CIOUS-LY, adv. With malice ; with extreme en- 
mity or ill-will 3 with deliberate intention to injure. 

MA-Ll"CIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being malicious ; 
extreme enmity or disposition to injure 3 malignity. Her- 
bert. _ 

MA-LiGN', (ma-line') a. [Fr. maligne ; L. malignus.] I. 
Having a very evil disposition towards others ; harboring 
violent hatred or enmity 3 malicious. 2. Unfavorable" 
permcious 3 tending to injure. 3. Malignant ; pernicious 

MA-LiGN', (ma-llne') V. t. I. To regard with envy or mal 
ice ; to treat with extreme enmity 3 to injure maliciously 

2. 'l]o traduce 3 to defame. 

MA-LIGN', (ma-line') v. i. To entertain malice. Milton. 
MA-LIG'NAN-CY, n. 1. Extreme malevolence 3 bitter en- 
mity 5 malice. 2. Unfa vorablen ess 3 unpropitiousness. 

3. Virulence 5 tendency to mortification or to a fatal 
issue. 

MA-LIG'NANT, a. [L. malignus.] 1. Malicious 3 having 
extreme malevolence or enmity. 2. Unpropitious ; exert- 
ing pernicious influence. 3. Virulent. 4. Dangerous to 
life. 5. Extremely heinous. 

f MA-LIG'NANT, n. A man of extreme enmity or evil in- 
tentions. Hooker. 

MA-LIG'NANT-LY, adv. 1. Maliciously 3 with extreme 
malevolence. 2. With pernicious influence. 

MA-LlGN'ER, (ma-line'er) n. One who regards or treats 
another with enmity 5 a traducer 3 a defamer. 

MA-LIG'NI-TY, n. [L. malignitas.] 1. Extreme enmity, 
or evil dispositions of heart towards another ; malice 
without provocation, or malevolence with baseness of 
heart 3 deep-rooted spite. 2. Virulence 3 destructive ten- 
dency. 3. Extreme evilness of nature. 4. Extreme sin- 
fulness 3 enormity or heinousness. 

MA-LIGN'LY, (ma-llne'ly) adv. 1. With extreme ill-will. 
2. Unpropitiously 3 perniciously. 

t MAL'I-SON, n. Malediction. Chaucer. 

MAL'KIN, (maw'kin), n. A mop 3 also, a low maid-ser- 
vant. 

* MALL, (mawl) n. [Fr. mail ; Sp. mallo.] I. A large, 
heavy, wooden beetle 3 an instrument for driving any 
thing with force. 2. A blow 3 [06s.] 

MALL, (mal) n. [Arm. mailh.] A public walk 5 a level, 
shaded walk. 

* MALL, V. t. To beat with a mall ; to beat with something 
heavy ; to bruise. 

MAL'LARD,,??. A species of duck of the genus anas. 

MAL-LE-A-BIL'I-TY, n. That quality of bodies which 
renders them susceptible of extension by beating. 

MAL'LE-A-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may be drawn out and 
extended by beating 3 capable of extension by the ham- 
mer. 

MAL'LE-A-BLE-NESS, n. Malleability. 

MAL'LE-ATE, v. t. To hammer 3 to draw into a late or 
leaf by beating. 

MAL-LE-a'TION, n. The act of beating into a plate or 
leaf, as a metal 3 extension by beating. 

MAL'LET, n. [Fr. maillet.] A wooden hammer or instru- 
ment for beating, or for driving pins. 

MAL'LoW, ) n. [Sax. malu, mealwe, malwe.] A plant of, 

M AL'LoWS, \ the genus malva ; so called from its emol- 
lient qualities. — Marsli-mallows, a plant of the genus al- 
thma. 

MALM'SEY, (mam'ze) n. [Fr. malvoisie ; It. malvosio ; 
from Maloasia, in Greece.] The name of a species of 
grape, and also of a kind of wine. 

* MAL-PRA€mCE, n. Evil practice ; fllegal or immoral 
conduct 3 practice contrary to established rules. 

MALT, n. [Sax. mcalt ; Sw., Dan. malt.] Barley steeped 
in water, fermented and dried in a kiln, and thus prepar- 
ed for brewing into ale or beer. 

MALT, V. t. To make into malt ; as, to malt barley. 

MALT, V. i. To become malt. 

MALT'-DRINK, or MALT'-LiaU-OR, n. A liquor pre- 
pared for drink by an infusion of malt 3 as beer, ale, pol- 
ler, &c. 

MALT'-DUST, n. The grains or remains of malt. 

MALT'FLoOR, n. A floor for drying malt. Mortimer. 

MALT'HORSE, n. A horse employed in grinding malt ' 
hence, a dull fellow. Shak. 

MA'LT'MAN, ) n. A man whose occupation is to maJ^e 

MALT'STER, ] malt. Swift. 

MAIiT'W6RM, n. [malt and worm.] A tippler, Shak, 

t MAL'TA-LENT, n. [Old Fr.] lU-humor. Chaucer. 



• See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE •,— BULL, UNITE. -€ as K ; C as J • S as Z : CH as SH ; TH as io tAu 
33 



MAN 



514 



MAL'THA, n. A variety of bitumen. 

MAL-TReAT', v. t. To treat ill ; to abuse ; to treat rough- 
ly, rudely, or with unkindness. 

iMAL-TEEAT'ED, -pp. HI treated ; abused. 

MAL-TReAT'ING, ppr. Abusing ; treating unkmdly. 

MAL-TReAT'MBNT, 71. lU treatment 5 ill usage ; abuse. 

MAL-Va'CEOUS, a. [L. vialvaceus.] Pertaining to mal- 
lows. 

RIAL-VEE-Sa'TION, 72. [L, male and versor.] EvU con- 
duct; improper or wicked behavior; mean artifices, or 
fraudulent tricks. Burke. 

MAM, or MAM-MA', n. [L. mamma; W. mam; Arm. 

y mamm ; Gr. iiajxixT}.] A familiar word for mother, used 
by young children. 

MAM'A-LUKE, ) n. The Mamalukes lately formed themil- 

MAM'E-LUKE, \ itary force of Egypt. 

MAM'MAL, 11. [L. mamvia.] In zoology, an animal that 
sucklesjts young, [See Mammifer.] Oood. 

M AM-Ma'LI-AN, a. Pertaining to the mammals. 

MAM-MAL'0-GIST, n. One who treats of mammiferous 
animals. 

MAM-MAL'0-6Y, n. [L. mamma, and Gr. '\oyog.] The sci- 
ence or doctrine of mammiferous animals. 

MAM'MA-EY, a. Pertaining to the breasts or paps. 

MAM-MEE', n. A tree of the genus mammea. 

MAM'MER, v. i. To stand in suspense ; to hesitate. JDrant. 

MAM'MER-ING, n. Confusion ; amazement ; hesitation. 

MAM'MET, 71. A puppet ; a figure dressed. 

MAM'MI-FER, n. [L. mamma and fero.] An animal which 
has breasts for nourishing its young. 

MAM-MIF'ER-OUS, a. Having breasts and nourishing the 
young by the milk secreted by them. 

MAM'MI-i'ORM, a. [L. mamma and form.] Having the 
shape or form of paps. 

* MAM'MIL-LA-RY, a [L mamilla.] 1. Pertaining to the 
paps ; resembling a pap. — 9. In mineralogy, applied to 
minerals composed of convex concretions. 

MAM'MIL-LA-TED, a. Having small nipples, or little 
globes like nipples. Say. 

t MAM'MOe, n. A shapeless piece. Herbert. 

i MAM'MOe, V. t. To tear in pieces. Milton. 

MAM'MO-DIS, 71. Coarse, plain India muslins. 

MAM'MON, 71. [Syr.] Riches ; wealth ; the god of 
riches. 

MAM'MON-IST, n. A person devoted to the acquisition of 
wealth ; a worldling. Hammond. 

MAM'MOTH, n. [Russ. mamant.] This name has been 
given to a huge quadmped, now extinct, whose bones are 
found on both continents. 

MAN, n. ; plu. Men. [Sax. man,mann and mon; Goth. 
manna ; Sans, man ; D, man ; G. man ; Dan. man, men- 
neske ; Sw. man, meniskia; Ice. mann.'] 1. Mankind; 
the human race ; the whole species of human beings. 2. 
A male individual of the human race, of adult growth or 
years. 3. A male of the human race; used often in com- 
pound words, or in the nature of an adjective. 4. A ser- 
vant, or an attendant of the male sex. 5. A word of fa- 
miliar address. 6. It sometimes bears the sense of a male 
adult of some uncommon qualifications ; particularly, the 
sense of strength, vigor, bravery, or magnanimity. 7. An 
individual of the human species. — 8. Man is sometimes 
opposed to boy or child, and sometimes to beast. 9. One 
who is master of his mental powers, or who conducts 
himself with his usual judgment. 10. It is sometimes 
used indefinitely, without reference to a particular indi- 
vidual. — 11. In popiilar usage, a, hushani. 12. A mova- 
ble piece at chess or draughts. — 13. In feudal law, a vas- 
sal, a liege, subject or tenant.— Jltoi of war, a ship of 
war ; an armed ship. 

MAN'- MID- WIFE, n. A man who practices obstetrics. 

MAN, V. t. 1. To furnish with men. 2. To guard with 
men. 3. To strengthen ; to fortify. 4. To tame a hawk ; 
[I. u.] 5. To furnish with attendants or servants ; [Z. u.] 

6. To point ; to aim ; [obs.] 

MAN'A-€LE, n. [Fr. manicles.] An instrament of iron for 
fastening the hands ; hand-cufis; shackles. 

MAN'A-€LE, v. t. 1. To put on hand-cuffs or other fasten- 
ing for confining the hands. 2. To shackle ; to confine ; 
to restrain the use of the limbs or natural powers. 

M AW A-€1.EB, pp. Hand-cuffed; shackled. 

MAN'A-CLING, ppr. Confining the hands ; shackling. 

MAN'AGE, 7;. L [Fi. menager.] 1. To conduct; to carry 
on ; to dkect the concerns of. 2. To train or govern, as 
a horse. 3. To govern ; to control ; to make tame or 
tractable. 4. To wield ; to move or iise in the manner 
desired ; to have under command. 5. To make subservi- 
ent. 6. To husband ; to treat with caution or sparingly. 

7. To treat v/ith caution or judgment ; to govern with ad- 
dress. 

MAN'A6E, V. i. To direct or conduct affairs ; to carry on 
concerns or business. 

MAN' AGE, 71. 1 Conduct ; administration ; [obs.] 2. (pro- 
nounced ma-nazhe') Government; control, asof a horse. 3. 



MAN 

Discipline ; direction . 4. Use ; application or treatment. 

[Little used.] 

MAN'AGE-A-BLE, a. 1. Easy to be used or directed to 
its proper purpose ; not difficult to be moved or wield- 
ed. 2. Governable ; tractable ; that may be controlled. 
3. That may be made subservient to one's views or de- 
signs. 

MAN'AGE-A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being easily 
used, or directed to its proper purpose. 2. Tractableness ; 
the quality of being susceptible of government and con- 
trol ; easiness to be governed. 

MAN'AGED, pp. Conducted ; carried on ; trained by dis- 
cipline ; governed ; controlled ; wielded. 

MAN'AGE-MENT, n. 1. Conduct; administration; man- 
ner of treating, directing or carrying on. 2. Cunning 
practice ; conduct directed by art, design or prudence ; 
contrivance. 3. Practice ; transaction ; dealing. 4. Mod- 
ulation ; variation. 

MAN'x\-6ER, n. 1. One who has the conduct or direction 
of any thing. 2. A person who conducts business with 
economy and frugality ; a good husband. 

MAN'A-GER-Y, n. 1. Conduct ; , direction ; administra- 
tion. 2. Husbandry ; economy ; frugality. 3. Manner 
of using; [little used.] 

MAN'A-GING, ppr. Conducting; regulating; directing; 
governing ; wielding. 

MAN'A-KIN, n. The nam.e of a beautiful race of birds 
found in warm climates. Diet. JVat. Hist. 

MA-Na'TI, or MA-Na'TUS, n. The sea-cow, or fish-tailed 
walrus, an animal of the genus trichecus. 

MA-Na'TION, 71. [Tu. manatio.] Theact of issuing or flow- 
ing out. [Little used.] 

MANCHE, n. [Fr.] A sleeve. 

t MAN'CHET, n. A small loaf of fine bread. Bacon. 

MANCH-I-NEEL', 71. [L. mancanilla.] A tree. 

MAN'CI-PATE, V. t. [L. mancipo.] To enslave ; to bind ; 
to restrict^ [Littleused.] Hale. 

MAN-CI-Pa'TION, 71. Slavery ; involuntary servitude. 
[Little used.] 

MAN'CI-PLE, n. [L. manceps.] A steward ; an undertak- 
er; a purveyor, particularly of a college. Johnson. 

MAN-Da'MUS, n. [L. mando, mandamus.] In law, a com- 
mand or writ, issuing from the king's bench in England, 
and, in America, from some of the higher courts, directed 
to any person, corporation, or inferior court, requiring 
them to do some act therein specified, which appertains 
to their office and duty. 

MAN-DA-RiN', n. In 'China, a magistrate or governor of a 
province ; also, the court language of China. 

MAN'DA-TA-RY, or MAN'DA-TO-RY, n. [Fr. manda- 
taire.] 1. A person to whom the pope has, by his preroga- 
tive, given a mandate or order for his benefice. 2. One to 
whom a command or charge is given. — 3. In law, one 
who undertakes, without a recompense, to do some act 
for another, in respect to the thing bailed to him. Kent. 

MAN'DATE, n. [L. mando.] 1. A command ; an order, 
precept or injunction ; a commission. — 2. In canoii law, a 
rescript of the pope. 

MAN-Da'TOR, n. [L.] A director. Ayliffe. 

MAN'DA-TO-RY, a. Containing a command ; preceptive ; 
directory. 

MAN'DI-BLE, n. [L. mando.] The jaw, the instrument of 
chewing ; applied particularly to fowls. 

MAN-DIB'U-LAR, a. Belonging to the jaw. Oayton. 

t MAN'DIL, n. [Fr. mandille.] A sort of mantle. 

MAN-DIL'ION, n. A soldier's coat ; a loose garment. 

MAN'DLE-STONE, n. [G. mandelstein.] Kernel-stone ; 
almond-stone ; called, also, amygdaloid. 

t MAND'MENT, for commandment. 

I MAN'DO-LIN, 71. [It. mandola.] A cithern or harp. 

MAN'DRAKE, 71. [L. mandragoras.] A plant. 

MAN'DREL, 71. An instrument for confining in the lathe 
the substance to be turned. Mozon. 

MAN'DRILL, 71. A species of monkey. Diet. JVat. Hist. 

MAN'DU-€A-BLE, a. That can be chewed; fit to be 
eaten. 

MAN'DU-€ATE, 7). t. [L. mando.] To chew. 

MAN'DU-€A-TED, pp. Chewed. 

MAN'DU-CA-TING, ppr. Chewing; grinding with the 
teeth. 

MAN-DU-€a'TION, n. The act of chewing or eating. 

MANE, 71. [D. maan ; G. m'dline.] The hair growing on 
the upper side of the neck of a horse or other animal, usu- 
ally hanging down on one side. 

BIAN'eAT-ER, 7!. A human being that feeds on , human 
flesh ; a cannibal ; an anthropophagite. 

MaNED, a. Having a mane. 

MANEGE, (ma-nazhe') n. [Fr.] A school for teaching 
horsenianship, and for training horses. 

MA-Ne'RI-AL. See Manorial. 

Ma'NeS. 71. plu. [L.] 1. The ghost, shade or soul of a 
deceased person ; and, among the ancient pagans, the in- 
fernal deities. 2. The remains of the dead. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.~FAR, FALL, WHAT3— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;- f Obsulcic 



MAN 



515 



MAN 



MAN'FUL, a. 1. Having the spirit of a man ; bold ; brave ; 
courageous. 2. Noble ; honorable. 

MiiNFUL-Ly, adv. Boldly; courageously; honorably. 

MAN'FUL-NESS, n. Boldness ; eourageousness. 

MANG, n. A mash of bran and salt ; barley or oats ground 
with the husks. Brockett. 

MAN'GA-BY, n. A monkey with naked eyelids. 

MAN'GA-NESE, n. A metal of a dusky white. 

MAN-GA-Ne'SIAN, a. Pertaining to manganese ; consist- 
ing of it, or partaking of its qualities. Seijbert. 

MAN-GA-Ne'SIATE, n. A compound of manganesic acid, 
with a base. 

MAN-GA-NE'Sie, a Obtamed from manganese. Henry. 
[Manganicjs ill formed.] 

MAN-GA-Ne'SIOUS, a. Manganesious acid is an acid with 
a minimum of oxygen. Henry. 

MANG'€ORN, n. [Sax. mengan and corn.] A mixture of 
wheat and rye, or other species of grain. 

MaNGE, n. [Fr. mangeaison.] The scab or itch in cattle, 
dogs and other beasts. 

MAN'GEL-WUR-ZEL, n. [G. mangel and wurzel.] The 
root of scarcity, a plant of the beet kind. 

MaN'GER, n. [Fr. mangeoire.] 1. A trough or box in 
which fodder is laid for cattle, or the place in which 
horses and cattle are fed. — 2. In ships of loar, a space 
across the deck within the hawse-holes. 

MaN'GER-BoARD, n. The bulk-head on a ship's deck 
that separates the manger from the other part of the 
deck. 

MaN'GI-NESS, n. Scabbiness ; infection of the mange. 

MAN'GLE, V. t. [D. mangelen.] 1. To cut with a dull in- 
strument, and tear, or to tear in cutting ; to cut in a bun- 
gling manner. 2. To curtail ; to take by piece-meal. 

MAN'GLE, n. [Dan. mangle.] 1. A rolling press or calen- 
der for smoothing cloth. 2. A name of the mangrove, 
which see. 

MAN'GLE, V. t. To smooth cloth with a mangle ; to cal- 
ender. 

MAN'GLED, pp. Tom in cutting ; smoothed with a man- 
gle. 

MAN'GLEE., n. One who tears in cutting ; one who uses a 
mangle. 

MAN'GLING, ppr. 1. Lacerating in the act of cutting ; tear- 
ing. 2. Smoothing with a mangle. 

MAN'GO, «. 1. The fruit of the mango tree, a native of the 
East Indies. 2. A green musknielon pickled. 

MAN'GO-NEL, n. [Fr. mango nam.] An engine formerly 
used for throwing stones and battering walls. 

t MAN'GO-NISM, n. The art of setting off to advantage. 

t MAN'GO-NiZE, v. t. To polish for setting off to advan- 
tage. 

MAN'GO-STAN, ) n. A tree of the East Indies, of the 

MAN-GO-STEEN', \ genus garcinia. 

MAN'GROVE, n. 1. A tree of the East and West Indies. 
2. Thenameof a fish. Pennant. 

MaN'GY, a. Scabby ; infected with the mange. 

MAN'Ha-TER, n. One who hates mankind ; a misan- 
thrope. 

MAN'HOOD, n. 1. The state of one who is a man, of an 
adult male, or one who is advanced beyond puberty, boy- 
hood or childhood ; virility. 2. Virility. 3. Human 
nature. 4. The qualities of a man ; courage ; bravery ; 
[little used.] 

MA'NI-A, n. [L. and Gr.] Madness. 

t MAN'I-A-BLE, a. Manageable ; tractable. Bacon. 

Ma'NI-A€, a. [L. maniacus.] Mad ; raving with madness ; 
raging with disordered intellect. Oreio. 

Ma'NI-A€, 71. A madman ; one raving with madness. Shen- 
stone. 

MA-Nl'A-€AL, a. Affected with madness. 

MAN-I-€He'AN, a. Pertaining to the Manichees. 

MAN-I-€He'AN, I n. One of a sect in Persia, who main- 

MAN-I-€HEE', \ tained that there are two ' supreme 
principles, the one good, the other evil. 

MAN'I-€HE-ISM, 71. The doctrines taught, or system of 
principles maintained by the Manichees. 

MANI-CHORD, ) n. [Fr. manichordion.] A musical in- 

M:AN-I-€0RD'0N, ] strument in the form of a spinet. 

MAN'I-€ON, n. A species of nightshade. 

MAN'I-FEST, a. [L. manifcstus.] 1. Plain ; open ; clear- 
ly visible to the eye or obvious to the understanding ; ap- 
parent ; not obscure or difficult to be seen or understood. 
2. Detected ; with of. 

MAN'I-FEST, n. An invoice of a cargo of goods, imported 
or laden for export, to be exhibited at the custom-house. 

(• MAN'I-FEST, or MAN-I-FEST'O, n. [It. manifesto ; L. 
mmifestus.] A public declaration, usually of a prince or 
sovereign, showing his intentions, or proclaiming his 
opinions and motives. 

MAN'I-FEST, w. t. [L. manifesto.] 1. To reveal; to make 
to appear ; to show plainly ; to mike public ; to disclose 
to the eye or to the understanding 2. To display ; to ex- 
hibit more clearly to the view. 

MAN-I-FES-Ta'TION, n. The ac* of disclosing what is se- 



cret, unseen 6r obscure ; discovery to the eye or to the un 
derstanding ; the exhibition of any thing by clear evi- 
dence ; display. 

MAN'I-FEST-ED, pp. Made clear ; disclosed ; made appa- 
rent, obvious or evident. 

MAN-I-FEST'I-BLE, a. That may be made evident. 

MAN'I-FEST-ING, ppr. Showing clearly ; making evi- 
dent ; disclosing ; displaying. Bacon. 

MAN'I-FEST-LY, adv. Clearly; evidently; plainly; in a 
manner to be clearly seen or understood. 

MAN'I-FEST-NESS, n. Clearness to the sight or mind ; ob- 
viousness. 

MAN-I-FEST'O. See Manifest. 

MAN'I-FoLD, a. 1. Of divers kinds ; many in number ; 
numerous ; multiphed. 2. Exhibited or appearing at di. 
vers times or in various ways. 

t MAN'I-FoLD-ED, a. Having many doublings. 

MAN'I-FoLD-LY, adv. In a manifold manner. 

MAN'I-FoLD-NESS, n. Multiplicity. Sherwood 

MA-NIG'LI-ONS, n. In gunnery, two handles on the back 
of a piece of ordnance. Bailey. 

MAN'I-KIN, n. A little man. Shak. 

MAN'IL, ) n. [Sp. manilla.] A ring or bracelet worn by 

MA-NIL'LA, \ persons in Africa. 

Ma'NI-0€, Ma'NI-H0€, or Ma'NI-HOT, n. A plant of the 
geivisjatropha, or cassada plant. 

MAN'I-PLE, n. [L. manipulus.] 1. A handful. 2. A small 
band of soldiers. 3. A fanon, or kind of ornament worn 
about the arm of a mass priest ; a garment. 

MA-NIP'U-LAR, a. Pertaining to the maniple. 

MA-NIP-U-La'TION, n. [Fr.] In general, work by hand ; 
manual operation ; as, in mining, the manner of digging 
ore ; in chemistry, the operation of preparing substances 
for experiments ; in pharmacy, the preparation of dru^s. 

MAN'KILL-ER, 91. One v/ho slays a man. 

MAN'KILL-ING, a. Used to kill men. Dryden. 

*MAN-KiND', K. [nian a.nA kind.] 1. The race or species 
of human beings. 2. A male, or the males of the human 
race. 

MAN-KiND', a. Resembling man in form, not woman. 

MAN'LESS, a. Destitute of men ; not manned. {L. used.] 

MAN'LiKE, a. 1. Having the proper qualities of a man. 2. 
Of man's nature. Milton. 

MAN'LI-NESS, 71. The qualities of a man ; dignity ; bra- 
very; boldness. Locke. 

MAN'LING, n. A little man. B. Jonson. 

MAN'LY, a. 1. Manlike ; becoming a man ; firm ; brave ; 
undaunted. 2. Dignified ; noble ; stately. 3. Pertaining 
to the adult age of man. 4. Not boyish or womanish. 
Shak. 

MAN'LY, a<Zu. With courage like a man. 

MAN'NA, n. [Ar. mauna.] 1. A substance miraculously 
furnished as food for the Israelites in their journey 
through the wilderness of Arabia. Ex. xvi. — 2. In ma- 
teria medica, the juice of a certain tree of the ash-kind. 

MAN'NER, n. [Fr. maniere ; It. maniera.] 1. Form ; meth- 
od ; way of performing or executing. 2. Custom ; habit- 
ual practice. 3. Sort ; kind. 4. Certain degree or mea- 
sure. 5. Mien; cast of look; mode. 6. Peculiar way or 
can-iage ; distinct mode. 7. Way ; mode ; of things. 8. 
Way of service or worship. — 9. In painting, the particular 
habit of a painter in managing colors, lights and shades. 

MAN'NER, V. t. To instruct in manners. Shak. 

MAN'NER-ISM, n. Adherence to the same manner ; uni- 
formity of manner. Edin. Rev. 

MAN'NER-IST, n. An artist who performs his work in one 
unvaried manner. Churchill. 

MAN'NER-LI-NESS, n. The quality of being civil and re 
spectful in behavior ; civility ; complaisance. 

MAN'NER-LY, a. Decent in external deportment; civil, 
respectful ; complaisant ; not rude or vulgar. 

MAN'NER-LY, adv. With civility ; respectfully ; without 
rudeness. Shak. 

MAN'NERS, n. pin. 1. Deportment ; carriage; behavior; 
conduct ; course of life ; in a moral sense. 2. Ceremoni- 
ous behavior ; civility ; decent and respectful deportment. 
3. A bow or courtesy. 

MAN'NISH, a. Having the appearance of a man ; bold , 
masculijie. Shak. 

MA-NO^u'VRE, ) n. [Fr. manoeuvre.] 1. Management , 

MA-NEu'VER, \ dextrous movement, particularly in, 
an army or navy. 2. Management with address or artful 
design. 

MA-NCEtJ'VRE, v.i. 1. To move or change positions among 
troops or ships, for the purpose of advantageous attack or 
defense ; or, in military exercise, for the purpose of disci- 
pline. 2. To manage with address or art. 

MA-NCEU'VRE, v. t. To change the positions of troops or 
ships. 

MA-NCEtr'VRED, pp. Moved in position. 

MA-NCECf'VRING, ppr. Changing the position or order for 
advantageous attack or defense. 

MA-NOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. navos and,;i£rpoy.] An instru- 



* See Synopsis. MOVl^:, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K : 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tliis. f Obsolete. 



MAN 



516 



MAR 



raent to measure or show the alterations in the rarity or 
density of the air. 

MAN-0-MET'RI-€AL, a. Pertaining to the manometer. 

MAN'OR, 71. [Fr. manoir ; Arm. maiier.] The land belong- 
ing to a lord or nobleman, or so much land as a lord or 
great personage formerly kept in his own hands for the 
use and subsistence of his family. 

MAN'OR-HOUSE, or MAN'OR-SeAT, n. The house be- 
longing to a manor. 

MA-NcyRI-AL, or BIA-Ne'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to a 
manor._ 

MAN'PLeAS-ER, 71. One who pleases men, or one who 
takes uncommon pains to gain the favor of men. 

t MAN'aUELL-ER, n. A mankiUer ; a murderer. 

MANSE, (mans) n. [L. mansio.] 1. A house or habitation ; 
particularly, a pajsonage house. 2. A farm. 

MAN'SER-VANT, 71. A male servant. 

MAN'SION, n. [L. maTisio.] 1. Any place of residence ; a 
house ; a habitation. 2. The house of the lord of a manor. 
3. Residence ; abode. 

MAN'SION, V. i. To dwell ; to reside. Mede. 

MAN'SION-A-RY, a. Resident ; residentiary. 

MAN'SION-HOUSE, n. The house in which one resides ; 
an inhabited house. Blackstone. 

t MAN'SION-RY, n. A place of residence. Shak. 

MAN'SLAUGH-TER, n. 1. In a general sense, the killing 
of a man or of men ; destruction of the human species ; 
murder. — 2. In law, the unlawful killing of a man with- 
out malice, express or implied. Manslaughter differs 
fiom murder in not proceeding from malice prepense or 
deliberate, which is essential to constitute mm-der. It 
differs from homicide excusable, being done in conse- 
quence of some unlawful act, whereas excusable homi- 
cide happens in consequence of misadventure. 

MAN'SLaY-ER, 71. One that has slain a human being. 

MAN'STeAL-ER, n. One who steals and sells men. 

MAN'STeAL-ING, 71. The act of stealing a human being. 

MAN'SUETE, (man'sweet) a. [1.. mansuettis.] Tame ; 
gentle ; not wild or ferocious ; [little used.] Ray. 

MAN'SUE-TUDE, 71, [L. mansuctudo.] Tameness ; mild- 
ness ; gentleness. Herbert. 

MAN'TA, 71. [Sp. manta.] A flat fish- 

MAN'TEL. See Mantle. 

MAN'TE-LET, or MANT'LET, n. [dim. of mantle.] 1. A 
small cloak worn by women. — 2. In fortification, a kind 
of movable parapet or penthouse. 

MANT'I-GER, rather MANT'I-€HOR, or MANT'I-€OR, n. 
[L. manticora, mantichora.] A large monkey or baboon. 

MAN'TLE, n. [Sax. mantel, mentel.] 1. A kind of cloak 
or loose garment to be worn over other garments, 2. A 
cover. 3. A cover ; that which conceals. 

MAN'TLE, V. t. To cloak ; to cover ; to disguise. 

MAN'TLE, V. i. 1. To expand ; to spread. 2. To joy ; to 
revel. 3. To be expanded ; to be spread or extended. 4. 
To gather over and form a cover ; to collect on the sur- 
face, as a covering. 5. To rush to the face and cover it 
with a crimson color. 

MAN'TLE, or MAN'TLE-TREE, n. The piece of timber 
or stone in front of a chimney, over the fire-place, resting 
on the jambs^ 

MANTLE-PIeCE, I n. The work over . a fire-place, in 

MAN'TLE-SHELF, \ front of the chimney. 

MANT'LING, n. In heraldry, the representation of a man- 
tle, or the drapery of a coat of arms. 

MAN'TO, 71. [It.] A robe ; a cloak. Pdcaut. 

MAN-TOL'0-GY, n. [Gr. ixavreia and 'Xoyoi.] The act or 
art of divination or prophesying. [Little used.] 

*MAN'TU-A,7t. [Yr.'manteau.] A lady's gown. 

MAN'TU-A-Ma-KER, n. One who niakes gowns for la- 
dies. 

MANIJ-AL, a. [L. manualis.] 1. Performed by the hand. 
2. Used or made by the hand. 

MAN'U-AL, 71. 1. A small book, such as may be carried in 
the hand, or conveniently handled. 2. The service-book 
of the Romish church. 

t MAN^U-A-RY, a. Done by the hand. Fotherby. 

MA-NU'BI-AL, a. [Li.manubialis.] Belonging to spoils ; 
taken in war ; [little used.] 

MA-Nu'BRI-UM, 71. [L.l A handle. Boyle. 

MAN-U-DU€'TI0N, n. [L. maniis and ductio.] Guidance 
by the hand. South. 

MAN-U-DU€'TOR, n. [L. manus and ductor.] An oiiicer 
in the ancient church, who gave the signal for the choir 
to sing. 

t MAN'tJ-FA€T, n. Any thing made by art. Maydman. 

MAN-U-FA€'TO-RY, n. A house or place where goods are 
manufactured. 

MAN-U-FA€'TO-RY, a. Employed in any manufacture. 

MAN-U-FA€T'U-RAL, a. Pertaining or relating to manu- 
factures. 

MAN-U-FA€T'URE, n. [Fr.] 1. The operation of reduc- 
ing raw materials of any kind into a form suitable for use. 
2. Any thing made from raw materials by the hand, by 
machiaery, or by art. 



MAN-U-FA€T'URE, v. t. 1. To make or fabricate from 
raw materials, by the hand, by art or machinery, and 
work into forms convenient for use. 2. To work raw 
materials into suitable forms for use. 

MAN-U-FA€T'URE, v. i. To be occupied in manufactures, 

MAN-U-FA€T'URED, pp. JMade from raw materials into 
forms for use. 

MAN-U-FA€T'UR-ER, n. 1. One who works raw materi- 
als into wares suitable for use. 2. One who employs 
workmen for manufacturuig ; the owner of a manufac- 
tory. 

MAN-U-FA€T'UR-ING, ppr. Making goods and wares 
from raw materials. 

t MAN'U-MlSE, for manumit. 

MAN-U-MIS'SION, n. [L. manumissio.] The act of liberat- 
ing a slave from bondage, and giving him freedom. 

MAN'U-MIT, V. t. [L. manumitto.] To release from sla- 
very ; to liberete from personal bondage or servitude ; to 

MANTJ-MIT-TED, pp. Released from slavery. 

MAN'U-MIT-TING, ppr. Liberating from personal bond- 
age. _ 

MA-NuR'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be cultivated. 2. That 
may be manured, or enriched by manure. 

t MA-NUR'AGE, n. Cultivation. Warner. 

f MA-NuR'ANCE, n. Cultivation. Spenser. 

MA-NuRE', V. t. [Fr. maiiceuvrer.] 1. To cultivate by man • 
ual labor; to till ; [obs.] 2. To apply to land any fertihz- 
iug matter. 3. To fertilize ; to enrich with nutritive sub- 
stanc_es. 

MA-NuRE', 71. Any matter which fertilizes land. 

MA-NuR'ED, (ma-nurd) pp. Bressed or overspread with a 
fertilizing substance. 

MA-NuRE'MENT, n. Cultivation ; improvement. [L. u.] 

MA-NuR'ER, n. One that manures lands. 

MA-NuR'ING, ppr. Dressing or overspreading land with 
manure ; fertilizmg. 

MA-NuR'ING, n. A dressing or spread of manure on land. 

MAN'U-SCRIPT, 71. [L. manu scriptum.] A book or paper 
written with the hand or pen. 

MAN'U-SCRIPT, a. Written with the hand ; not printed. 

t MAN-U-TEN'EN-CY, n. Maintenance. Sancroft. 

AlAN'Y, (men'ny) a. [Sax. mmneff, maneg, or memg ; D 
menig.] 1. Numerous; comprismg a great number of in- 
dividuals. — 2. In low language, preceded by too, it denotes 
powerful or much. 

MAN'Y, (men'ny) n. A multitude ; a great number of indi- 
viduals ; the people. 

t MAN'Y, (men'ny) n. [Norm. Fr. meignee.] A retinue of 
servants ; household. Chaucer. 

MAN'Y-CLEFT', a. JMultifid ; having many fissures. 

MAN'Y-CoL'ORED, a. Having many colors or hues. 

MAN'Y-COR'NERED, a. Having many corners, or more 
than twelve ; polygonal. Dry den. 

MAN'Y-FLOW'ERED, a. Having many flowers. 

MAN'Y-HEAD'ED, a. Having many heads. Dryden. 

MAN'Y-LAN'GUAGED, a. Having many languages. 

MAN'Y-LeAVED, a. Polyphyllous ; having many leaves. 

MAN'Y-BIaS'TERED, a. Having many masters. J. Bar- 
low. 

MAN'Y-PART'ED, a. Multipartite; divided into several 
paits, as a corol. Marty n. 

MAN'Y-PeO'PLED, a. Having a numerous population. 

MAN'Y-PET'ALED, a. Having many petals. 

MAN'Y-TiMES. An adverbial phrase. Often ; frequently. 

MAN'Y-TWINK'LING, a. Variously twinkling. 

MAN'Y-VALVED, a. Multivalvular: having many valves. 

MAP, n. [Sp. mapa ; Port, mappa ; It. mappamonda.] A 
representation of tire surface of the earth or of any part of 
it, drawn on paper or other material, exhibiting the lines 
of latitude and longitude, and the positions of countries, 
kingdoms, states, mountains, rivers, &;c. A representa- 
tion of a continent, or any portion of land only, is properly 
a map, and a representation of the ocean only, or any por- 
tion of it, is called a chart. 

MAP, V. t. To draw or delineate, as the figure of any por- 
tion of land. Shak. 

Ma'PLE, ) n. A tree of the genus acer, of several 

Ma'PLE-TREE, ) species. 

Ma'PLE-ST.]'GAR, 71. Sugar obtained by evaporation from 
the juice of the rock maple. 

MAP'PER-Y, 71. The art of planning and designing maps. 

MAR, V. t. [Sax. merran, 7nirran, myrra7i ; Sp. marrar.] 
I. To injure by cutting off a part, or by wounding and 
making defective. 2, To injure ; to hurt ; to impair the 
strength or purity of. 3. To injure ; to diminish ; to in- 
terrupt. 4. To injure ; to deform ; to disfigure. 

MA.R, in nightmare. See Nightmare. 

MaR, 71. An injury ; [obs.] 2. A lake ; see Mere. 

MAR'A-CAN, 71. A species of parrot in Brazil. 

MAR'A-€0€K, n. A plant of the genns passiflora. 

* MAR-A-Na'THA, 71, [Syriac] The Lord comes or has 
come ; a word used by the apostle Paul in expressing a 
curse. 



* See ^Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, U, ■?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;-PREY;— PIN, MARKNE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete 



MAR 



517 



MAR 



MAR'A-NON, n. The proper name of the river Amazon. 

MA-RAS'MUS, n. [Gr. iiapaajxos.] Atrophy ; a wasting of 
flesh without fever or apparent disease ; a kind of con- 
sumption. 
MA-RAUD', ■?;. i. [Fr. maraud.] To rove in quest of plun- 
der ;'"to make an excursion for booty ; to plunder. 

* MA-RAUD'ER, n. A rover in quest of booty or plunder ; 
a plunderer ; ■usually applied to small parties of soldiers. 

MA-RAUD'ING, ppr. Roving in search of plunder. 

MA-RAUD'ING, n. A roving for plunder ; a plundering by 
invaders^ 

MAR-A-Ve'DI, n. A small copper coin of Spain. 

MaR'BLE, 71. [Fr. viarbre ; L. marmor.] 1. The popular 
name of any species of calcarious stone or mineral, of a 
compact texture, and of a beautiful appearance, suscepti- 
ble of a good polish. 2. A little ball of marble or other 
stone, used by children in play. 3. A stone remarkable 
for some inscription or sculpture. — Arundel marbles, or 
.drundelian marbles, marble pieces with a chronicle of the 
city of Athens inscribed on them ; presented to the uni- 
versity of Oxford, by Thomas, earl uf Arundel. 

MAR'BLE, a. 1. Made of marble. 2. Variegated in col- 
or 3 stained or veined like marble. 3. Hard : insensi- 
ble. 

MAR'BLE, v. t. To variegate in color ; to cloud ; to stain or 
vein like marble. 

MaR'BLED, pp. Diversified in color ; veined like marble. 

MaR'BLE-HEART'ED, a. Having a heart like marble j 
hard-hearted ; cruel ; insensible. 

MAR'BLING, ppr. Variegating in colors ; clouding or vein- 
ing like marble. 

MAR'BLING, n. The art or practice of variegating in color, 
in imitation of marble. 

f MAR'€A-SITE, n. [It. marcassita ; Fr. marcassite.] A 
name which has been given to all sorts of minerals, to 
ores, pyrites, and semi-metals. 

MAR-€A-SIT'ie, a. Pertaining to marcasite. 

MAR-CES'CENT, a. [L. marcescens, marcesco.^ Wither- 
ing ; fading ; decaying. 

MAR-CES'Sl-BLE, a. That may wither ; liable to decay. 

MARCH, n. [L. Mars.] The third month of the year. 

t MARCH, V. i. To border on ; to be contiguous to. 

MARCH, V. i. [Fr. marcher.] 1. To move by steps and in 
order, as soldiers ; to move in a military manner. 2. To 
walk in a grave, deliberate or stately manner. 

MARCH, V. t. 1. To cause to move, as an army. 2. To 
cause to move in order or regular procession. 

MARCH, 71. [Fr. viarche.] 1. The walk or movement of 
soldiers in order, whether infantry or cavalry. 2. A grave, 
deliberate or solemn walk. 3. A slow or laborious walk. 
4. A signal to move ; a particular beat of the drum. 5. 
Movement ; progression ; advance. 

MARCH'ER, n. The lord or officer who defended the 
marches or borders of a territory. Davies. 

MARCH'ES, n. plu. [Sax. mearc ; Fr. marches.] Borders 3 
limits ; confines. England. 

MARCH'ING, ppr. Moving or walking in order or in a 
stately manner- 

MARCH'ING, 71. Military movement ; passage of troops. 

JMAR'CHION-ESS, (mar'chun-es) n. The wife or widow 
of a marquis ; or a female having the rank and dignity of 
a marquis. 

I MARCH'PANE, n. [Fr. massepain.] A kind of sweet 
bread or biscuit. Sidney. 

MAR'CID, a. [L. marcidus.] Pining ; wasted away ; lean 3 
withered. Dryden. 

MAR'COR, n. [L.] The state of withering or wasting 3 
leanness 3 waste of flesh 3 [little used.] Harvey. 

MARE, 71. [Sax. mijra ; G. mahre.] 1, The female of the 
horse. 2. [Sax. mar a.] A kind of torpor or stagnation, 
which seems to press the stomach in sleep 3 the incubus. 
[It is now used only in the compound, nightmare.] 

MARE. Used for more in the J^''orth of England. 

MAR'E-€A, 71. A species of duck in South America. 

MA-Re'NA', 71. A kind offish somewhat like a pilchard. 

MARE'SCHAL, (mar'shal) 71. [Fr. marechal.] The chief 
commander of an army. Prior. 

MAR'GA-RATB, n. [L. margarita.] In chemistry, a com- 
pound of margaric acid with a base. 

MAR-GAR'ie, a. Pertaining to pearl. 

MAR'GA-RIN, or MAR'GA-RINE, n. A peculiar pearl-like 
substance, extracted from hog's lard 3 called also marga- 
rite and margaric acid. 

MAR'GA-RTTE, n. 1. A pearl. Peacham. 2. Margaric acid. 
3. A mineral. 

MAR'GA-RITES, 71. An herb. Ainsworth. 

MAR'GAY, n. An American animal of the cat kind. 

MAR'GIN, 71. [foi-merly marge, or mar gent. Fr. marge ; It. 
margine ; Sp. m,argen ; L, mar go.] 1. A border 3 edge 5 
brink 5 verge. 2. The edge of the leaf or page of a book, 
left blank or filled with notes. 3. The edge of a wound. 
— 4. In botany, the edge of a leaf. 

MAR'GIN, V. t. I. To furnish with a margin 3 to border. 
2. To enter in the margin. 



MAR'6IN-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to a margin. 2. Written 

or printed in the margin. 
MAR'GIN-AL-LY, adv. In the margin of a book, 
t MAR'GIN-ATE, v. t. To make brims or margins. Cock- 

eram. 
MAR'6IN-A-TED, a. Having a margin. 
MAR'GODE, 71. A bluish gray stone. 
MAR'GOT, n. A fish of the perch kind. 
MAR'GRAVE, n. [D. markgraff; G. markgraf.] A title of 

nobility in Germany, &c. 
MAR-GRa'VI-ATE, n. The territory^or jurisdiction of a 

margrave. 
MAR'I-ETS, n. A kind of violet, [violce mariance.] 
MA-RI6'E-N0US, a. [L. mare and gigno.] Produced in ot 

by the sea. Kirwan. 
* MART-GoLD, 71. A plant of the genus calendula, bearing 

a yellow flower. 
MAR'I-KIN, 71. A species of monkey having a mane. 
MAR'I-NATE, v. t. [Fr. mariner.] To salt or pickle fish 

and then preserve them in oil or vinegar. [Little used.] 
MA-RINE', a. [Fr. 3 L. marinus.] 1. Pertaining to the sea. 

2. Transacted at sea 3 done on the ocean. 3. Doing dutj^ 
on the sea. 

MA-RINE', n. 1. A soldier that serves on board of a ship 
in naval engagematits. 2. The whole navy of a kingdom 
or state. 3. The whole economy of naval affairs. 

MAR'I-NER, 71. [Fr. marinier.] A seaman or sailor 3 one 
whose occupation is to assist in navigating sliips. 

MAR'I-PUT, 71. The zoril, an animal of tlie skunk tribe. 

MAR'ISH, n. [Fr. marais.] Low ground, wet or covered 
with water and coarse grass 3 a fen 3 a bog 3 a moor. It 
is now written marsh. 

MAR'ISH, a. Moory 3 fenny 3 boggy. Bacon. 

MAR'1-TAL, a. [Fr. 3 L. maritus ] Pertaining to a hus- 
band. Ayliffe. 

t MAR-I-Ta'TED, a. Having a husband. Diet. 

MAR'I-TIME, a. [L. maritiirMs.] 1. Relating or pertaining 
to the sea or ocean. 2. Performed on the sea 3 naval. 3. 
Bordering on the sea. 4. Situated near the sea. 5. Hav- 
ing a navy and commerce by sea. — Maritimal is not now 
used. 

MAR'JO-RAM, 71. [Fr. marjolaine ; G. majoran.] A plant 
of the genus origanum, of several species. 

MARK, n. [Sax. marc, mearc; D. merk ; G. marke ; Dan. 
marke ; w. marc ; Fr. marque.] 1. A visible line made 
by drawing one substance on another. 2. A line, groove 
or depression made by stamping or cutting 3 an incision 5 
a channel or impression. 3. Any note or sign of distinc- 
tion. 4. Any visible effect of force or agency. 5. Any 
apparent or intelligible effect 3 proof 3 evidence. 6. No- 
tice taken. 7. Any thing to which a missile weapon may 
be directed. 8. Any object used as a guide, or to which 
the mind may be directed. 9. Any thing visible, by 
which knowledge of something may be obtained 3 indica- 
tion. 10. A character made by a person who cannot 
write his name, and intended as a substitute for it. — 11. 
[Fr. marc ; Sp. marco.] A weight of certain commodities, 
but particularly of gold and silver. 12. A license of re- 
prisals 3 see Marque. 

Mark, w.f. [Sax.7Kea7-cm7i; D.merken; G.marken; Dan. 
marker; Fr. marquer.] 1. To draw or make a visible line 
or cliaracter with anj^ substance. 2. To stamp 3 to im- 
press 5 to make a visible impression, figure or indenture. 

3. To make an incision 3 to lop off a part 3 to make any 
sign of distinction. 4. To form a name, or the initials of 
a name, for distinction. 5. To notice 3 to take particular 
observation of. 6. To heed 5 to regard. — To mark out, to 
notify, as by a mark 3 to point out 3 to designate. 

MARK, V. i. To note 3 to observe critically 5 to take partic- 
ular notice 3 to remark. 

t MARK'A-BLE, a. Remarkable. Sandys. 

MARKED, pp. Impressed with any note or figure of dis- 
tinction 3 noted 5 distinguished by some character. 

MARK'ER, n. 1. One who puts a mark on any thing. 2. 
One that notes or takes notice. 

MaR'KET, 71. [D., G. markt ; Dan. marked.] 1. A public 
place in a city or town, where provisions or cattle are 
exposed to sale. 2. A public building in which provisions 
are exposed to sale 3 a market-house. 3. Sale 3 the ex- 
change of provisions or goods for money 3 purchase or 
rate of purchase and sale. 4. Place of sale. 5. The priv- 
ilege of keeping a public market. 

MAR'KET, v.i. To deal in market 3 to buy or sell 3 to 
make bargains for provisions or goods. 

MAR'KET-BELL, 71. The bell that gives notice of the 
time or day of market. 

MAR'KET-CROSS, n. A cross set up where a market is 
held. 

MAR'KET-DaY, n. The day of a public market. 

MAR'KET-FoLKS, n. People that come to the market. 

MAR'KET-HOUSE, n. A building for a public market. 

MAR'KET-MaID, 71. A woman that brings things to 
market. 

MAR'KET-MAN, 71. A man that brings thmgs to market. 



• See »ynopsw. M5VE, BOQK, DOVE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J j S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tfiis. f Obsolete. 



MAR 



518 



MAR 



MAR'KET-PLACE., n. The place where provisions or 

goods are exposed to sale 
MaR'KET-PRICE, I n. The current price of commodities 
MaR'KET-RATE, ] at any given time. 
MAR'KET-TOWN, n. A town that lias the privilege of a 

stated public market. 
MAR'KET-WOM-AN, n. A woman that brings things to 

market. 
MAR'KET-A-BLE, a. 1. That may be sold ; salable. 2. 

Current in market. Locke. 
MiOl'KET-ING, 71. Supply of a market ; attendance upon 

MARKS'MAN, n. 1. One that is skillful to hit a mark ; he 
that shoots well. 2. One who, not able to write, makes 
his mark instead of his name. 

MARL, n. [W.marl.] A species of calcarious earth, of 
different composition, and possessing feitilizing properties. 

MaRL, v. t. 1. To overspread or manure with marl, 2. To 
fasten with marline. Ainsicorth. 

MAR-La'CEOUS, a. Resembling marl ; partaking of the 
qualities of marl. 

MAR'LINE, n. [Sp. merlin : Port, merlim.'} A small line 
composed of two strands little twisted, and either taiTod 
or white ; used for wmding round ropes and cables, to 
prevent their being fretted by the blocks, &c. 

MAR'LINE. V. t To wind marline roimd a rope. 

MAR'LINE-SPIKE, n. A small iron like a large spike, 
used to open the boll ope when the sail is to be sewed to 
it, &c. Bailey. 

MAR'LING, n. The act of winding a small line about a 
rope, to prevent its being galled. 

MAR'LITE, n. A variety of marl. Kirwan. 

MAR-LIT'I€, a. Partaking of the qualities of marlite. 

MARL'PIT, n. A pit where marl is dug. Woodward. 

MARL'Y, a. 1. Consisting in or partaking of marl. 2. Re- 
sembling marl. 3. Abounding with marl. 

MAR'MA-LADE, \ n. [Fr. marmelade ; Sp. mermelada.'] 

MAR'MA-LET, \ The pulp of quinces boiled into a con- 
sistence with sugar, or a confection of plums, apricots, 
quinces, &c. boiled with sugar. 

MAR'MA-LITE, n. [Gr. ij.apixaipw ] A mineral. 

MAR-MO-Ra'CEOUS, a. Peitaiuirvg to or like marble. 

MAR'MO-RA-TED, a. [L. marmor ] Covered with marble. 
[Little used.] 

MAR-MO-Ra'TION, n. A covering or incrusting with 
marble^ [Little iised.] 

MAR-Mo'RE-AN, a. [L. marmoreus.] 1. Pertaining to 
marble, 2. Made of marble. 

MAR'MOSE, n. An animal resei ibling the opossum. 

* MAR'MO-SET, n. A small mo_ikey. Shak. 

* MAR'MOT, n. [It. marmotta.] A quadruped of the genus 
arctomys, allied to the murine tribe. 

MA-ROON', n. A name given to free blacks living on the 
mountains in the West India isles. 

MA-ROON', V. t. To put a sailor ashore on a desolate isle, 
under pretense of his having committed some great crime. 

MARQ,UE, ) 71. [Fr.] 1. Letters o? marque are letters of re- 

MARK, \ prisalj a license or extraordinary commis- 
sion granted by a sovereign of one state to his subjects, to 
make reprisals at sea on the subjects of another, under 
pretense of mdemnification for injuries received. 2. The 
ship commissioned for making reprisals 

MAR'aUET-RY, (mar'ket-ry) n. [Fr. marquetcrie.] Inlaid 
work ; work inlaid with variegations of fine wood, shells, 
ivory and the like. 

MAR'aUIS, n. [Fr. ; Sp, marques ; It. marchese.] A title 
of honor in Great Britain, next to that of duke. 

t MAR'Q.UIS. n. A marchioness. Shak. 

MAR'aUl-SATE, n. The seigniory, dignity, or lordship of 
a marquis. 

MAR'RER, n. One that mars, hurts or impairs. 

t MAR'RI-A-BLE, for marriaa-eable. 

MAR'RiAGE, (mar'ridje) n. [Fr. inariage.] 1. The act of 
uniting a man and woman for life ; wedlock ; the legal 
union of a man and woman for life. 2. A feast made on the 
occasion of a marriage. — 3. In a Scriptural sense, the union 
between Christ and his church by the covenant of grace. 

MAR RIAGE-A-BLE, a. I. Of an age suitable for mar- 
riage ; fit to be married. 2. Capable of union. 

MAR'RlA6E-AR'TI-€LES, n. Contract or agreement on 
which a marriage is founded. 

MAR'RIED, pp. 1. United in wedlock, 2, a. Conjugal ; 
connubial. 

MAR'RoW, n. [Sax. merg, mearh ; D. merg ; G, mark.'] 
1. A soft, oleagmous substance contained in the cavities 
of animal bones. 2. The essence ; the best part. — 3. In the 
Scottish dialect, a companion ; fellow ; associate :, match. 

MAR'RoW, V. t. To fill with marrow or with fat | to glut. 

MAR'RoW-BONEj n. 1. A bone containing marrow, or 
boiled for its marrow. 2. The bone of the knee. 

MAR'RoW-FAT, n. A kind of rich pea, 

MAR'RoW-ISH, a- Of the nature of marrow. 

MAR'RoW-LESS, a. Destitute of marrow. Shak. 

MAR'RoW-Y, a. Fall of marrow; pithv. 



MAR'RY, V. t. [Fr, maricr.] 1, To unite in wedlock or 
matrimony ; to join a man and wc«nan for life, 2. To 
dispose of in wedlock. 3, To take for husband or wife.— 
4. In Scripture, to unite in covenant, or in the closest 
connection. 

MAR'RY, V. i. To enter into the conjugal state ; to unite aa 
husband and wife ; to take a husband or a wife, 

•j- MAR'RY, a term of asseveration, is said to have been de- 
rived from the practice of swearing by the virgin Mary, 

MARS, n. In imjthology, the god of war; in modern usage, 
a planet ; and in the uLd chemistry, a term for iron. 

MARSH, 71. [Sax. 7?i ersc ; 'Fx.marais.] A tract of low land, 
usually or occasionally covered with water, or very wet 
and miry, and overgiown with coarse grass or with de- 
tached clumps of sedge ; a fen. 

MARSH'-EL'DER, n. The gelder rose, 

MARSH-MAL'LoV\", 7i, A plant of the genus a?iA(Ea, 

MARSH-MAR'I-GoLD, n. A plant of the genus caZ^Aa, 

MARSH-ROCK'ET, n. A species of water cresses. 

MAR'SHAL, 77. [Fr. marectia.l ; I)., G. marschalk.] 1, The 
chief officer of arms, whose duty it is to regulate combats 
in tJie lists. 2. One who regulates rank and order at a 
feast or any other assembly, directs the order of"procession 
and the like. 3. A harbinger; a pm"suivant ; one who 
goes before a prince to declare his coming and provide 
entertainment. — 4. In France, the highest military offi- 
cer. — 5, In .America, a civil officer in each judicial dis- 
trict, answering to the sheriff of a county. 6. An 
officer of any private society, appointed to regulate their 
ceremonies and execute their orders, — Earl marshal of 
England, the eighth officer of state, 

MARSHAL, V. t. 1. To dispose in order; to arrange in a 
suitable manner. 2. To lead, as a harbinger; [obs.] 3. 
To dispose in due order the several parts of an escutcheon, 
or the coats of arms of distinct families. 

MAR'SHALED, pp. Arranged in due order, 

MAR'SHAL-ER, 71, Oae who disposes in due order. 

MAR'SHAL-ING, ppr. Arranging in due order. 

MAR'SHAL-SEA, 71, In England, the prison in Southwark, 
belonging to the marshal of the king's household, 

MAR'SHAL-SHIP, n. The ofiice of a marshal. 

MARSH'Y, a. Wet ; boggy ; fenny. 2. Produced in 
marshes. 

MART, n. [from market.] 1. A place of sale or traffick. 

2. Bargain ; purchase and sale ; [obs.] 

t MART, V. t. To buy and sell ; to traffick. Shak. 

t filART, V. i. To trade dishonorably. Shak. 

MAR'TA-GON, 77. A kind of lily. Herbert. 

t MAR'TEL, V. t. [Fr. marteler.] To strike, 

MAR'TEN, See Martin, 

MAR'TEN, 77. [D. marter ; Fr. marte.] An animal of the 

genus mustela, or weasel kind. 
MAR'TIAL, (mar'shal) a. [Fr. ; l..martiaUs.] 1. Pertaining 

to war ; suited to war. 2. Warlike ; brave ; given to war. 

3. Suited to battle, 4. Belonging to war, or to an army and 
navy. 5. Pertaining to Mars, or borrowing the properties 
of tlmt planet; [obs.] 6. Having the properties of iron, 
called, by the old chemists, mars. 

I MAR'TIAL-ISM, 71. Bravery ; martial exercises. 

t MAS'TIAL-IST, n. A warrior ; a fighter. Howel. 

MAR'TIN, n. [Fr. martinet.] A bird. 

MAR'TI-NET, or MART'LET, 7). In military language, a 
strict disciplinarian, 

MAR'TI-NETS, v. In ships, martinets axe smd.\\ lines fas- 
tened to the leech of a sail, to bring it close to the yard 
when the sail is furled, 

MAR'TIN-GAL, 77, [Fr. martingale.] 1. A strap or thong 
fastened to the girth under a hoise's belly, and at the 
other end to the mus-roll, passing between the fore legs, 
— 2. In ships, a rope extending from the jib-boom to the 
end of a bumpkin under the cap of the bowsprit. 

MAR'TIN-MAS, 71. [Martin and mass.] The feast of St, 
Martin, the eleventh of November, Johnson. 

MART'LET, n. Martlets, in heraldry, are little bkds rep- 
resented without feet. 

MAR'TYR, n. [Gr. //aprup.] 1. One who, by his death, 
bears witness to the truth of the gospel. 2. One who 
suffers death in defense of any cause. 

MAR'TYR, V. t. 1. To put to death for adhering to what 
one believes to be the truth. Pearson. 2. To murder ; to 
destroy. Chaucer. 

MAR'TYR-DOM, n. The death of a martyr ; the suffering 
of death 011 account of one's adherence to the gospel. 

MAR'TYR-IZE, v. t. To offer as a martyr, [L. u.] Spenser. 

MAR-TYR-O-L0G'I-€AL, a. Registering or registered in a 
catalogue of martyrs. 

MAR-TYR-OL'O-GIST, n. A writer of martyrology, or an 
account of martyrs. 

MAR-TYR-OL'O-GY, 71. [Gr. jJLaprvp and \oyos.] A history 
or account of martyrs with their sufferings ; or a register 
of martyi-s. 

MAR'VEL, Hy [Fr. merveille.] 1. A wonder ; that which 
arrests the attention, and causes a person to stand or gaze. 



See Synffpsis. A, E, I, 0, t}, "?, long.—YKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD,— t Obsolete 



MAS 



519 



MAS 



or to pause ; [nearly obs.] 2. Wonder ; admiration. — 
Marvel of Peru, a plant of the genus mirabilis, 

MAR'VEL, w. i. To wonder. [JSTearhj obsolete.l 

MAK'VEL-lx\'G, ppr. Wondering. 

MAR'VEL-OUS, a. [Fr. merveillcuz.'] 1. Wonderful ; 
strange ; exciting wonder or some degree of surprise. 2. 
Surpassing credit ; incredible. 3. The marvelous, in 
writings, is that which exceeds natural power — 4. For- 
merly, used adoerbially for wonderfully, exceedingly. 

MaR'VEL-OUS-LY, adv. Wonderfully ; strangely ; in a 
manner to excite wonder or surprise. 

MAR'VEL-OUS-NESS, n. Wonderfulness ; strangeness, 

Ma'RY-BUD, n. The mai-igold. Shak. 

MASCLE, (ma'sl) n. In heraldry, a lozenge, as it were 
perforated. Todd. 

t 5IaS'€U-LATEj v.t. [~Limasculus.'\ To make strong. 
Cockeram. 

MaS'€U-LiNE, a [Fr. masculin ; L. masculinus.] 1. Hav- 
ing the qualities of a man ; strong ; robust. 2. Resem- 
bling man ; coarse. 3. Bold ; brave. — 4, In grammar, tne 
7nasculine gender of words is that v/hicli expresses a male, 
or something analogous to it. 

MAS'eU-LlNE-LY, adv. Like a man. B. Jons on. 

MAS'€U-LiNE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being 
manly ; resemblance of man in qualities. 

MASH, 71. [G. meischcn.] 1. A mixture or mass of ingre- 
dients, beaten or blended together in a promiscuous man- 
ner. 2. A mixture for a horse. 3. A mesh. See Mesh. 

MASH, V. t. 1. To beat into a confused mass. 2. To 
bruise ; to crush by beating or pressure. 3. To mix malt 
and water together in brewing. 

MASHED, pp. Beat into a mass ; bruised ; crushed ; mixed 
into a mash. 

MASH'ING, ppr. Beating into a mass ; bruising ; crushing. 

MASH'ING-TUB, n. A tub for containing the mash in 
breweries. 

MASH'Y, a. Produced by crushing or bruising. 

MASK, n. [Fr. masque.] 1. A cover for the face; that 
which conceals the face, especially a cover with apertures 
for the eyes and mouth; a visor. 2. That which dis- 
guises ; any pretense or subterfuge. 3. A festive enter- 
tainment of dancing or other diversions, in which the 
company all wear masks ; a masquerade. 4. A revel ; a 
bustle ; a piece of mummery. 5. A dramatic performance 
written in a tragic style, without attention to rules or 
probability. — 6. In architecture, a piece of sculpture rep- 
resenting some grotesque form, to fill and adorn vacant 
places. 

MASK, V. t. 1. To cover the face ; to conceal with a mask 
or visor. 2. To disguise ; to cover ; to hide. 

MASK, V. i. 1. To revel ; to play the fool in masquerade. 

2. To be disguised in any way. Sliak. 

MASKED, pp. 1. Having the face covered ; concealed ; 
disguised. — 2. a. In botamj, personate. 

MASK'ER, n. One that wears a mask ; one that plays the 
fool at a masquerade. 

MASK'ER-Y, n. The dress or disguise of a masker. 

MASK'-HOUSE, n. A place for masquerades. Bp. Hall. 

MASK'ING, ppr. Covering with a mask 3 concealing. 

MAS'LIN. See Mesh N. 

Ma'SON, (ma'sn) n. [Fr. magon.] 1. A man whose occu- 
pation is to lay bricks and stores. 2. A member of the 
fraternity of free masons. 

MA-SON'ie, a. Pertaining to the craft or mysteries of free 
masons. 

Ma'SON-RY, n. [Fr. magonnerie.] 1. The art or occupa- 
tion of a mason. 2. The work or performance of a mason. 

3. The craft of free masons. 

MAS'O-RA, 71. [Heb.] A Hebrew work on the Bible, by 
several Rabbins. 

MAS-0-RET'I€, a. [Heb.] Relating to the Masorites, who 
interpreted the Scriptures by tradition, and invented the 
Hebrew points to fix the true reading and pronuncia- 
tion. 

MAS'0-RITE, n. One of the writers of the Masora. 

MAS-aUER-ADE', n. [It. m.ascherata.] 1. A nocturnal 
assembly of persons wearing masks, and amusing them- 
selves with dancing, conversation and other diversions. 
2. Disguise. 3. A Spanish diversion on horseback. 

RIAS-aUER-ADE', 7;. i. 1. To go in disguise. 2. To as- 
semble in masks. Sicift. 

MAS-aUER-ADE', v. t. To put in disguise. KilUngbeck. 

MAS-Q,UER-aD'ER, n. A person wearing a mask ; one 
disguised. ^Estrange. 

MAS-Q,UER-aD'ING, ppr. Assembling in masks, 

AIaSS, n. [Fr. masse.] 1, A lump ; a body of matter con- 
creted, collected or formed into a lump ; applied to any 
solid body. 2, A collective body of fluid matter. 3, A 
heap. 4. A great quantity collected, 5, Busk ; magni- 
tude. 6, An assemblage ; a collection of particulars 
blended, confused or indistinct. 7. Gross body of things 
considered collectively ; the body ; the bulk. 

MASS, n. [Sax. mcBsa, masse ; Fr. messe.] The service of 
the Romish church ; the office or prayers used at the cele- 



bration of the eucharist ; the consecration of the bread 
and wine. 

•f MASS, V. i. To celebrate mass. Hooker. 

t MASS, V. t. To fill ; to stuff; to strengthen. 

MAS'SA-€RE, ; n. [Fr, massacre.] 1, The murder of an 

MAS'SA-€ER, \ individual, or the slaughter of numbers 
of human beings, with circumstances of cruelty ; the in- 
discriminate killing of human beings, without authority 
or necessity, and without forms, civil or military, it dif- 
fers from assassination, which is a private killing. It 
differs from carnage, which is rather the effect of slaugh- 
ter than slaughter itself, and is applied to the authorized 
destruction of men in battle. Massacre is sometimes 
called butchery, from its resemblance to the killing of 
cattle, 2, Murder. Shak. 

MAS'SA-€RE, v. t. To murder human beings with circum- 
stances of cruelty ; to kill men with indiscriminate vio- 
lence. 

MAS'SA-eRER, n. One who massacres. Burke. 

MaSS'ER, n. A priest who celebrates mass, 

MAS SE-TER, n. A muscle which raises the under jaw. 

MAS'S1-€0T, or MAS'TI-€OT, n. [Fr, massicot.] Calcin- 
ed white lead ; yellow oxyd of lead, 

MASfc'i-x^ESS, or MASS'IVE-NESS, 72, The state of being 
massy; great weight or weight with bulk; ponderous- 
ness. 

MASS'iVE, or MASS'Y, a. [Fr, massif, from mass.] Heavy ; 
weighty ; ponderous ; bulky and heavy, 

MASS'iVE, a. In mineralogy, in mtiss ; having a crystaliue 
structure, but not a regular form, 

MAST, 71, [Sax, vicest ; D., G., Sw., Dan. mast.] A long, 
round piece of timber, elevated perpendicularly on the 
keel of a ship or other vessel, to which the yards, sails 
and rigging are attached, and by which they are sup- 
ported. 

MAST, n. [Sax, mceste.] The fruit of the oak and beech, or 
other forest trees ; nuts ; acorns, 

MAST'ED, a. Furnished with a mast or masts. 

MaS'TER, 71. [Fr. maiire, for maister ; Russ. rnaster ; D 
mcestcr ; G. meister.] 1. A man who rules, governs or 
directs either men or business. 2. A director, head or 
chief manager. 3. The owner ; proprietor; with the idea 
of governing. 4. A lord j a ruler ; one who has supreme 
dominion. 5. A chief ; .1 principal. Pope. 6. One who 
has possession and the power of controlling or using at 
pleasure. 7. The commander of a merchant ship. — 8. In 
ships of war, an officer who takes rank immediately after 
the lieutenants, and navigates the ship under the dkec- 
tion of the captain. 9. The director of a school ; a teach- 
er; an instructor. 10. One uncontrolled. 11. An appel- 
lation of respect. 12, An appellation given to young 
men, 13, A man eminently or perfectly skilled in any 
occupation, art or science. 14. A title of dignity in col- 
leges and universities. 15. The chief of a society. 15, 
The director of ceremonies at public places or on public 
occasions, 17, Thepresidentof a college, England. — As 
a title of respect given to adult persons, it is pronounced 
mister. 

MAS'TER., V. t. 1. To conquer ; to overpower ; to subdue ; 
to bring under control. 2. To execute with skill, 3. To 
rule ; to govern ; [obs.] 

t MAS'TER, V. i. To be skillful ; to excel, Spenser. 

fMAS'TER-DOM, 72, Dominion; rule, Shak. 

f MAS'TER-FUL, a. Having the skill of a master ; also, im- 
perious ; arbitrary, 

MAS'TER-HAND, ii. The hand of a man eminently skill- 
ful. Pope. 

MAS'TER-JEST, n. Principal jest. Hudibras. 

MAS'TER-KIlY, n. The key that opens many locks, 

t MAS'TER-LI-NESS, 71, Eminent skill. 

MAS'TER-LESS, a. 1. Destitute of a master or owner. 2. 
Ungoverned ; unsubdued, 

MAS'TER-LODE, n. in mining, the principal vein of ore, 

MAS'TER-LY, a. 1, Formed or executed with superior 
skill; suitable to a master; most excellent ; skillful, 2, 
Imperious. 

MASTER-LYj adv. With the skill of a master, 

MaS'TER-PIeCE, 11. I. A capital performance, 2. Chief 
excellence or talent. 

MAS'TER-SHIP, n. 1, Dominion; rule; supreme power, 
2, Superiority ; preeminence, 3, Chief work ; master- 
piece ; [obs.] 4, Superior skill, 5, Title of respect; in 
irony. 6. The office of president of a college, or other 
institution, 

MAS'TER-SIN-EW, 7i, A large sinew that surrounds the 
hough of a horse, and divides it from the bone by a hoi- 
low place, where the wind-galls are usually seated. 

MASTER-STRING, 71, Principal string, Rowe. 

MAS TER-STROKE, n. Capital performance. 

MAS'TER-TOOTH, n. A principal tooth. Baco'i. 

MAS TER-T6UCH, n. Principal performance. Tatler. 

MAS'TER-WoRK, 71, Principal performance, 

MAS'TER-WoRT, 71. A plant of the genus mjperatoria. 

MAS'TER-Y, 71. 1. Dominion ; power of governing or com 



See Syr.:vns Mf^VE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH j TH as in f Ais t Obsolete. 



MAT 



520 



MAT 



manding. 2. Superiority in competition; preeminence. 
3. Victory in war. 4. Eminent skill ; superior dexterity. 
5. Attainment of eminent skill or power. 

MaST'FUL, a. Abounding with mast, or fruit of oak, beech 
and otlier forest trees. 

MAS'Tie, or MAS'TieH, n. [Fr. mastic.'] 1. A resin ex- 
suding from the mastic-tree, a species of pistacia. 2. A 
kind of mortar or cement. 

MAS'TI-€ATE, v. t. [L. 7nastko.'\ To chew ; to grind with 
the teeth and prepare for swallowing and digestion. 

MAS'TI-€A-TED, pp. Chewed. 

MAS'TI-€A-TING, ppr. Chewing ; breaking into small 
pieces with the teeth. 

MAS-TI-€a'TION, 71. The act of chewing food. 

MAS'TI-€A-TO-RY, a. Chewing ; adapted to perform the 
office of chewing food. Lawrence's Lect. 

MAS'TI-€A-TO-RY, 7i. A substance to be chewed to in- 
crease the saliva. Coxe, 

MAS'TIFF, ) 11. ; plu. Mastiffs. [Sp. masun.l A large 

MAS' TIF, \ species of dog, remarkable for strength and 
courage. 

MAST'LESS, a. 1. Having no mast, as a vessel. 2. Bear- 
ing no mast. Dryden. 

MAST'LIN. See Meslin. 

MAS'TO-DON, n. [Gr. iiaaros and oSovs.] A genus of 
mammiferous animals resembling the elephant, now ex- 
tinct, and known only by their fossil remains. It includes 
the North American mammoth. 

MAS'TOID, a. [Gr. ixaaros and aSos.] Resembling the nip- 
ple or breast. 

t MAS'TRESS, for mistress. Chaucer. 

MAST'Y, a. Full of mast; abounding with acorns, &c. 

MAT, 71. [W. mat ; Sax. meatta.] 1. A texture of sedge, 
rushes, flags, husks, straw, or other material. 2. A web 
of rope-yarn, used in ships to secure the standing riggmg 
from the friction of the yards, &c. 

MAT,v.t 1. To cover or lay with mats. 2. To twist to- 
gether ; to interweave like a mat ; to entangle. Dryden. 
3. To press together ; to lav flat. 

MAT'A-CHIN, n. [Sp.] An old dance. 

MAT'A-DORE, n. [Sp. matador.] One of the three princi- 
pal cards in the game of ombre and quadrille. 

MATCH, 71. [Fr. meche.] 1. Some very combustible sub- 
stance used for catching fire from a spark. 2. A rope or 
cord made of hempen tow, composed of three strands 
slightly twisted, and again covered with tow and boiled 
in the lees of old wine. 

DIATCH, n. [Sax. inaca and gemaca.] 1. A person who is 
equal to another in strength or other quality ; one able to 
cope with another. 2. One that suits or tallies with an- 
other; or any thing that equals another. 3. Union by 
maiTiage. 4. One to be married. 

MATCH, 71. [Gr. /^ta;;^/?.] A contest; competition for vic- 
tory ; or a union of parties for contest. 

MATCH, V. t. 1. To equal. 2. To show an equal. 3. To 
oppose as equal ; to set against as equal in contest. 4. 
To suit ; to make equal ; to proportion. 5. To marry ; to 
give in marriage. 6. To purify vessels by burning a match 
in them. 

MATCH, V. i. 1. To be united in marriage. 2. To suit ; 
to correspond ; to be of equal size, figure or quality ; to 
tally. 

MATCH'A-BLE, a. 1. Equal; suitable; fit to be joined. 
Spenser. 2. Correspondent ; [little used.l Woodirard. 

MATCHED, pp. Equaled ; suited ; placed in opposition ; 
married. 

MATCH'ING, ppr. Equaling; suiting; setting in opposi- 
tion ; uniting in marriage. 
MATCH'LESS, a. Having no equal. 
MATCH'LESS-LY, adv. In a manner not to be equaled. 

MATCH LESS-NESS, v.. The state or quality of being 
without an equal. 

MATCH'LOCK, n. Formerly, the lock of a musket which 

vvas fired by a match. 
MATCH'Ma-KER, 71. 1. One who makes matches for 
burning. 2. One who contrives or effects a union by 
marriage. 
MATE, 71. [D. TTiaat.] 1. A companion ; an associate ; one 
who customarily associates with another. 2. A husband 
or wife. 3. The male or female of animals whicli asso- 
ciate for propagation and the care of theii- young. 4. One 
that eats at the' same table. 5. One that attends the same 
school ; a school-mate. 6. An officer in a mercJiant ship 
or ship of war, whose duty is to assist the master or com- 
mander. 
MATE, 71. [Sp., Port, mate ; Fr. mat.] In chess, the state 

of the king so situated that he cannot escape. 
MATE, v.t. 1. To match ; to marry. 2. To equal ; to be 

equal to. 3. To oppose; to equal. 
)>MATE, V t. \Ft. mater.] To enervate; to subdue; to 

crush. 
MaTE'LESS, o. Having no mate or companion. 
MA-Te'RI-A MED'I-€A. 1. A general name for every 



substance used in medicine. 2. An auxiliary branch of 
the science of medicine. 

MA-Te'RI-AL, a. [It. materials ; Fr. materiel.] 1. Con- 
sisting of matter ; not spiritual. 2. Important ; moment- 
ous ; more or less necessary ; having influence or efiect. 
3. Not formal ; substantial. 4. Fmnishing materials. 

MA-Te'RI-AL, 71. The substance or matter of which any 
thing_is made. 

MA-Te'RI-AL-ISM, 71. The doctrine of materialists. 

MA-Te'RI-AL-IST, 71. One who denies the existence of 
spiritual substances, and maintains that the soul of man ia 
the result of a paiticular organization of matter in the body. 

MA-TE-RI-AL'i-TY, 71. 1. Material existence ; corporeity; 
not spirituality. 2. Importance. Judge Chase. 

MA-Te'RI-AL-iZE, v. t. To reduce to a state of matter; 
also, to regard as matter. Reid. 

MA-Te'RI-AL-LY, adv. 1. In the state of matter. Boyle. 
2. Not formally ; substantially. 3. In an important man- 
ner or degree ; essentially. 

MA-Te'RI-AL-NESS, 71. The state of being material ; im 
portance. 

MA-Te'RI-ATE, ) a. [L. materiatus.] Consisting of 

MA-TE'RI-A-TED, \ matter. [Little used.] Bacon. 

t MA-TE-RI-a'TION, 77. The act of forming matter. 

MA-TERN'AL, a. [L. maternus.] Motherly ; pertaining to 
a mother ; becoming a mother. 

MA-TERN'I-TY, 71. [Fr. maternite.} The character or re- 
lation of a mother. 

MAT'FEL-ON, n. A plant called lc7iap-weed. 

MATH, 71. [Sax. 7n(Bth.] A mowing ; as in aftermath. 

MATH-E-aiAT'ie, \ a. [L. mathematicus .] 1. Pertain- 

MATH-E-MAT'I-CAL, I ing to mathematics. 2. Accord- 
ing to the principles of mathematics. 

MATH-E-MAT'I-€AL-LY, adv. 1. According to the laws or 
principles of mathematical science. 2. With mathemat- 
ical certainty : demonstrably. 

MATH-E-MA-Ti"CIAN, n. [Fr. mathematicien.] One 
versed in mathematics. 

MATH-E-MAT'ICS, 71. [L. mathematica.] The science of 
quantity ; the science which treats of magnitude and 
number, or of whatever can be measured or numbered. 

MATH'E-MEG, n. A fish of the cod kind. 

MATH'ES, 71. An herb. Ai7isicorth. 

* MATH'E-SIS, 71. [Gr. ijadrjais.] The doctrine of mathe- 
matics. Pope. 

MAT'IN, a. [Fr. matin.] Pertaining to the morning ; used 
in the morning. 

t MAT'IN, 71. Morning. Shak. 

MAT'INS, 71. 1. Morning worship or service ; morning 
prayers or songs. 2. Time of morning service. 

MAT'RASS, 71. [Fr. 7natras.] A cucurbit ; a chemical ves- 
sel in the shape of an egg. 

MATRESS, 71. [W.7natras.] A quilted bed; a bed stuffed 
with hair, inoss or other soft material, and quilted. 

Ma'TRiCE, or Ma'TRIX, ?«. [L. 7nat7-ix.] 1. The womb; 
the cavity in which the fetus of an animal is formed and 
nourished till its birth. 2. A mold ; the cavity in which 
any thing is formed, and which gives it shape. 3. The 
place wJiere any thing is formed or produced ; gang. — 4. 
In dyeing, the five simple colors, black, white, blue, red 
and yellow, of which all the rest are composed. 

MAT'RI-Ci-DAL, a. Pertaining to matricide. 

* MAT'RI-ClDE, 71. [L. 7natricidium.] 1. The killing or 
murder of a mother. 2. The killer or murderer of his 
mother. 

MA-TRIC'U-LATE, v. t. [L. matricula.] To enter or ad- 
mit to membership in a body or society, particularly, in a 
college or university, by enrolling the name in a register. 

MA-TRIC'U-LATE, n. One enrolled in a register, and thus 
admitted to membership in a society. 

t MA-TRIC'U-LATE, a. Admitted into, or enrolled m, any 
society, by setting down the name. Skelto7i. 

MA-TR"I€-U-La'TION, n. The act of registering a name, 
and admitting to membership. 

MAT-RI-Mo'NI-AL, a. [It. 7natrimo7iialc.] 1. Pertaining 
to marriage; connubied ; nuptial; hymeneal, jj. Derived 
from marriage. 

MAT-RI-Mo'NI-AL-LY, adv. According to the manner or 
laws of marriage. Aijliffe. 

MAT-RI-JIo'NI-OUS, a. Matrimonial. [L. u.] Milton. 

MAT'RI-MO-NY, 71. [L. 7natri7no7iium.] Marriage; wed- 
lock ; the union of man and woman for life ; the nuptial 
state. 

Ma'TRIX, See Matrice. 

* MAT'RON, or Ma'TRON, n. [Fr. matroTie ; L. matroTia.] 
An elderly married woman, or an elderly lady. JohnsoTi. 

* MAT'RON-AL, a. [L. matroiialis.] Pertaining to a mat- 
ron ; suitable to an elderly lady or to a married woman ; 
grave ; motherly. 

* MAT'RON -IZE, or Ma'TRON-'iZE, v. t. To render mat- 
ronlike. 

* MAT'RON-LHCE, or Ma'TRON-LTKE, a. Having the 
manners of an elderly woman ; grave ; sedate; becoming 
a matron. 



UJ\.-±Iid'RL-.n. iIlJM-»'i.-vxi. X. .n. gciiciai i;aiiic lui cvciy a IliairOU. 

♦ See Synopsis A, E, t, O, U, ^, long.—FA^, FALL, WH^T ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— 



f Obsolete 



MAU 



S^l 



ME 



* BIAT'ROJV-LY, or Ma'TRON-LY, a. Elderly ; advanced 
in years. 

MA-TE.OSS', n. [D. matroos.] Matrosses are soldiers in a 
train of artillery, who are next to the gunners, and assist 
them in loading, firing and spunging the guns. 

MAT'TA-MOPtE, n. In the East, a subterranean repository 
for wheat. Shaw. 

MAT'TER, 71. [L., Sp., It. materia ; Fr. viatiere.] 1. Sub- 
stance excreted from living animal bodies ; that which is 
tlirown out or discharged in a tumor, boil or abscess ; pus. 
2. Body ; substance extended ; that which is visible or 
tangible ; as earth, wood, stone. — 3. In a more general 
and philosophic sense, the substance of which all bodies 
are composed ; the substratum of sensil)le qualities, though 
the parts composing the substratum may not be visible or 
tangible. 4. Subject j thing treated; that about which 
we write or speak ; that which employs thought or excites 
emotion. 5. The very thing supposed or intended. 6. 
Affair; business; event; thing; course of things. 7. 
Cause of any event, as of any disturbance, of a disease, or 
of a difficulty. 8. Subject of complaint ; suit ; demand. 
9. Import ; consequence ; importance ; moment. 10. 
Space of time ; a portion of distance. 

MAT'TER, V. i. 1. To be of importance ; to import; used 
with it, this, that or 2chat. 2. To maturate ; to form pus ; 
to colleci, as matter in an abscess ; [little lised.] 

t MAT'TER, V. t. To regard. 

MAT'TER-LESS, a. Void of matter. B. Jonson. 

MAT'TER-OF-FAeT-MAN, n. A term of modern times 
for a grave and precise narrator, remarker or inquirer ; 
one who sticks to the matter of any fact. 

MAT'TER-Y, a. Purulent; generating pus. Harvey. 

RIAT'TOe, 71. [Sax. mattuc.] A tool to grub up weeds or 
roots ; a grubbmg hoe. Baileij. 

MAT'TRESS, n. A quilted bed. See Matress, a more cor- 
rect ortliography. 

MAT'U-RANT, 7i. [1,. mature.'] In pharmacy , s. meAicine 
or application to a tumor, which promotes suppuration . 

Mx\T'U-RATE, tj. t. [L. maturo.] To ripen ; to hasten or 
promote suppuration. 

SIAT'U RATE, v. i. To become ripe; to suppmate, as a 
tumor, and form pus. 

MAT-U-Ra'TION, n. 1. The process of ripening or coming 
to maturity; ripeness. 2. The process of suppurating ; 
suppuration. 

* M.lT'U-RA-TiVE, a. 1. Ripening; conducing to ripe- 
ness. 2. Conducing to suppuration, or the formation of 
matter in a tumor or abscess. 

TyIA-TuRE', a. [L. viaturiLs.'] 1. Ripe ; perfected by time 
or natural growtt. 2. Brought to perfection. 3. Com- 
pleted ; prepared ; ready. 4. Ripe ; come to suppuration. 

MA-TuRE', v. t. [L. mature.'] 1. To ripen ; to hasten to a 
perfect state ; to promote ripeness. 2. To advance to- 
wards perfection. 

r.IA-TuRE', v.i. To advance toward ripeness; to become 
ripe or perfect. 

BIA-TuR'ED, (ma-turd') pp. Ripened ; advanced to per- 
fection ; prepared. 

I\IA-TuRE'LY, adv. 1. Witli ripeness; completely. 2. 
With full deliberation. 3. Early ; soon ; [a Laiinism, 
little used.] 

MA-TuR'ING, ppr. Ripening ; being in or coming to a 
complete state. 

MA-Tu RI-TY, or MA-TuRE'NESS, n. Ripeness ; a state 
of perfection or completeness. 

MAT'U-TI-NAL, ) a. [L. matutinus.] Pertaming to the 

.^lAT'U-TIXE, I morning. Herbert. 

iMATWEED, n. A plant of the genus ?7/o-czt7?i 

JIAUD'LIN, a. [corrupted from Magdalen.] Drunk ; fud- 
dled ; approaching to intoxication ; stupid. 

MAUD'LIN, 71. A plant of the genus achillea. 

MAIJ GRE, ) acZ«. [Fr. malgre.] In spite of ; in opposition 

IMAT'GER, S to; notwithstanding; used only inhurlesquc. 

?'LV" KIN. See Malkin. 

MAUL, n. ['L. malleus.] A heavy wooden hammer ; writ- 
ten, also, mall. See Mall. 

MACL, V. t. To beat and bruise with a heavy stick or 
cndsel ; to wound in a coarse manner. 

SIAUL'STICK, 7(. [Germ, maiden : Su. Goth, maela.] The 
stick by which painters keep their hand steady in work- 
ing. 

t ~\IAUXCH, 71. [Ft. manche.] A loose sleeve. Herbert. 

'■■■ .MAUND, n. [Sax. and D. mand.] A hand-basket; a word 
vscd in Scotland. 

*f jMAUND, )v.t. and i. To mutter; to murmur; to 

*f MAUNDER, ] gmmble ; to beg. 

*t MAUND'ER, n. A beggar. 

*fMAtJND'ER-ER, n. A'gmmbler. 
t MAUND'ER-ING, n. Complaint. 

* MA tJN'DY-THURS'DAY, n. [supposed to be from Sax. 

mand, a basket ; because on that day princes used to give 
alms to the poor from their baskets ; or from dies mandati, 
the day of command, on which day our Savior gave his 
great mandate, that we should love one another. Lye. 



Johnson.] The Thursday in passion week, or next before 

Good Friday. 
MAU-SO-Le'AN, a. Pertaining to a mausoleum; menu* 

mental. Bv-rton. 
MAU-SO-Le'UM, 71. [L. ; Fr. mausolee ; from Mausolus, 

king of Caria.] A magnificent tomb, or stately sepulchral 

monument, 
t MAU'THER, 71. A foolish young girl. B^ Jonson. 
Ma'VIS, n. [Fr. mauvis.] A bird, a species of turdtis. 
MAW, 71. [Sax. maga.] 1. The stomach of brutes ; applied 

to the stomach of human beings in contempt only. 2. 

The craw of fowls. 
t MAWK, 71. A maggot ; a slattern. 
MaVVK'-ING-LY. adv. Slatternly ; sluttishly. 
MAWK'ISH, a. Apt to cause satiet> or loathing. 
MAWK ISH-NESS, n. Aptness to cause loathing. 
MAWK'Y, a. Maggoty. [Local.] Grose. 
f MAW'MET, n. [from Mahoinet.] A puppet; anciently, an 

idol. Wickliffe. 
t MAW'MET-RY, n. The religion of Mohammed ; also, 

idolatry. Chaucer. 
MAVVMISH, a. [from mate, or maicmet.] Foolish ; silly ; 

idle ; nauseous. L^ Estrange. 
MAW WORM, n. A worm that infests the stomach. 
MAX'IL-LAR, ) a. [L. maxillaris.] Pertaining to the 
MAX'IL-LA-RY, \ jaw. 
MAX'IM, n. [Fr. maxime.] 1. An established principle or 

proposition ; a principle generally received or admitted as 

true.— 2. In music, the longest note formerly used, equal 

to two longs, or four breves. 
MAX'IM-MoN-GER, n. One who deals much in maxims. 
MAX'I-MUM, n. [L.] In mathematics, the greatest number 

or quantity attainable in any given case. 
MAY, n. [L. Jilaius ; Fr. Mai.] 1. The fifth month of the 

year, beginning with January, but the third, beginning 

with March. 2. [Goth, ma^ci. See Maid.] A young 

woman; [obs.] 3. The early part of life. 
MAY, V. i. To gather flowers in May-morning. 
MAY, verb aux. ; pret. might. [Sax. magan.] 1. To be pos 

sible. 2. To have physical power; to be able. 3. To 

have moral power; to be permitted. 4. It is used in 

prayer and petitions to express desire. — May be, it may be, 

are expressions equivalent to perhaps, by chance, perad- 

venture, that is, it is possible to be. 
MaY'-AP-PLE, n. A plant of the genus podophyllum. 
MaY'-BLOOM, 71. The hawthorn. 
MaY'-BUG, 71. A chafier. Ainsiccrth. 
MaY'-BUSH, 7i. A plant ot the genus cratmgus. 
MaY'-DAY, n. The first day of May. 
MAY -DEW, 7i. The dew of May. 
MaY'-DUKE, n. A variety of the common cherry. 
MaY-FLOW-ER, 71. A plant; a flower that appears in 

May. 
MaY'-FLY, n. An insect or fly that appears in May. 
M-aY'-GAME, 7?. Sport or diversion ; play. Drydeii. 
MaY'IXG, jj.-The gathering of flowers on May -day. 
MaY'-La-D1(: , n. The queen or ladv of May, in May-games. 
MaY'-LIL-Y, n. The lily of the valley. 
MaY'-MORN, 71. Iieshness; v;gor. Shak. 
MaY'-POLE, 7i. A pole to dance round in May; a long 

pole erected. 
IMaY'WEED, n. A plant of the genus anthemis. 
MaY'HEM. See Maim. 

*MaY'OR, 71. [Fr. 7/ia«Ve ; Norm, maeur.] The chief magis- 
trate of a citv. 
MaY'OR-AL-TY, 7!. The ofiice of a mayor. Bacon. 
MaY'OR-ESS, n. The wife of a mayor. 
JIAZ'A-GAX, 7?. A varietv of the common bean.. 
MAZL'^D, 71. [Fr. machoire.] 1. The jaw; [obs.] 2. A 

kind of cherry. 
jMAZ'ARD, V. t. To knock on the head. B. Jonson. 
MAZ-A-RiXE', 71. 1. A deep blue color. 2. A particular 

way of dressing fowls. 3. A little dish set in a larger 

one. 
MAZE, n. [Sax. mase.] 1. A winding and turning ; per- 
plexed state of things ; intricacy ; a state that embarrasses. 

2. Confusion of thought ; perplexity; uncertainty. 3. A 

labyrinth. 
MAZE, V. t. To bewUder ; to confound with intricacy ; to 

amaze. Spenser. 
tMAZE, r. z. To be bewildered. Chaucer. 
I MaZ'ED-XESS, 71. Confusion ; astonishment. 
{MaZ'ER, ??. A maple cup. Spenser. 
MAZ-0-LOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to mazology. 
Mx\-Z0L'0-6IST, n. One versed in mazology. 
MA-Z0L'0-6Y, 71. [Gr. jua^a and 'Soyas.] The doctrine or 

history of mammiferous animals. 
Ma'ZY, a. Winding ; perplexed with turns and windings 

intricate. Milton. 
M. D. Medicin<B Doctor, doctor of medicine. 
ME, pron. pers ; the objective case of /, answering to tne 

oblique cases of ego, in Latin. [Sax. me ; Goth, mik ; G. 

mich ; Fr. moi ; L. mihi ; Sp. mi} It. mi, or me ; Arm 

7ree.] 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, D6VE •,— BIJLL, UNITE — € as K ; 6 as J ; iS as Z -, CH as SH 5 TH as in this, f Obsolete 



MEA 



522 



MEA 



f MEA'€0€iv n. [qu. meek and cock.] An uxorious, ef- 
feminate man. 

f MkA'COCK, a Lame ; timorous ; cowardly. Shak, 

JM3i;AD, It. [Sax. medo, meiw ; D. meede ; G. metJi.] A fer- 
mented liquor consisting of honey and water, sometimes 
enriclied witJi spices. Encyc, 

MEAD,_(meed) ) n. [Sax. maede, inxdewe.'] A tract of 

ME.ID OVV, (med'o) \ low land.— In America, the word 
is applied particularly to the low ground on fhe banks of 
rivers, consisting of a rich mold or an alluvial soil, whether 
grass laud, pasture, tillage or wood land. 

MEAD'OW-ORE, n. In mineralogy, conchoidal bog-iron ore. 

MEAE'oVV-E,uE, n. A plant of the genus thalictrum. 

MEAD'oW-SAF'FRON, n. A plant. 

MEAD'oW-SAX'I-FRAGE, n. A plant. 

MEAD'oW-SWEET, ji. A plant. 

MEADoW-WoRT, ?t. A plant. Drayton. 

MEAD'OW-Y, a. Containing meadow. J. Barlow. 

Meagre, ) a. IFt. malgre; Sp., It. magro ; L. macer.] 1. 

MeA GER, ] Thin 3 lean ; destitute of flesh, or having little 
flesh. 2. Foot: barren j destitute of richness, fertility, or 
any thing valuable. 3. Barren ; poor ; wanting strength 
ofjdiction, or richness of ideas or imagery. 

j-MeA'GER, ■». f. To make lean. Knolles. 

MeA'GER-LY, adv. Poorly ; thinly. 

MeA'GER-NESS, 11. 1. Leanness; want of flesh. 2. Poor- 
ness ; barrenness ; want of fertility or richness. 3. Scan- 
tiness ; barrenness. 

MeAK, 71. A hook with a long handle. Tusser. 

MeAL, 71. [Sax. mal ; D. maal ; G inaJil ] 1. A portion of 
food taken at one time ; a repast 2. Apart; a fragment; 
ill the word jdccemeal. 

MeAL, 71. [Sax. mealewe, melewe , G. meld; Sw. inihl ; 
Dan., D. mecl.] 1. The substance of edible grain ground 
to fine particles, and not bolted or sifted. 2. Flour ; the 
finer part of pulverized grain. 

MeAL, v. t. To sprinkle witli meal, or to mix meal with. 
{Little used.] 

MeA.L'1-NESS, 71. The quality of being mealy ; softness 
or smoothness to the touch. 

MeAL'-MAN, 71. A man that deals in meal. 

MeAL'-TIME, 71. The usual time of eating meals. 

MeAL'Y, a. 1. Having the qualities of me-^l; soft ; smooth 
to the feel. 2. Like meal; fai-inaceous ; soft, dry and 
friable. 3. Ovei-spread with something that resembles 
meal. 

MeAL'Y-MOUTHED, a. Literally, having a soft mouth ; 
hence, unwilUng to tell the truth in plain language ; in- 
clined to speak of any thing in softer terms than the truth 
will warrant. 

MeAL'Y-MOUTH-ED-NESS, 77. Inclination to express the 
truth in soft words, or to disguise the plain fact; reluc- 
tance to tell the plain tmth. 

Mean, a. [Sax. mcenc, germsne.] I. Wanting dignity ; low 
in rank or birth. 2. Wantingdignity of mind ; low-m-ind- 
ed ; base ; destitute of lionor ; spiritless 3* Contempti- 
ble ; despicable. 4. Of little value ; low in v/orth or esti- 
mation ; worthy of little or no regain. 5. Of little value ; 
humble ; poor. 

Mean, a. [Fr. moyen; Sp., Port, mediajio ; !•. mediiim.] 
1. Middle ; at an "equal distance from the extremes. 2. 
Intervening ; intermediate ; coming between. 

Mean, n. 1. The middle point or place ; the middle rate 
or degree ; mediocrity ; medium. 2. Intervening time ; 
interval of time ; interim; meantime. 3. Measure; reg- 
ulation; [obs.] 4. Instrument; that which is used to 
effect an object ; the medium through which something is 
done. In tliis sense, -means, in tlie plural, is generally 
used, and often with a definitive and verb in the singular. 
5. J!/eart5,in the^/^'wa^, income, revenue, resources, sub- 
stance or estate, considered as the instrument of effecting 
any purpose. 6. Instrument of action or performance. — 
By all means^ without fail. — By no means, not at all ; cer- 
tainly not ; not in any degree. — By no manner of means, 
by no means ; not the least. Burke. — By any means, pos- 
sibly ; at all. — Meantime, or ??2ea?iw7tiZe,inthe intervening 
time ; [in this use of these words, there is an omission 
of 771 or in the ; in the vieantime.] 

Mean, v. t. ,• pret. and pp. meant (pronounced ment). 
[Sax. mcsnan, menan.] 1. To have in the mind, view or 
contemplation ; to intend. 2. To intend ; to purpose : to 
design, with reference to a future act. 3. To signify : to 
indicate. 

WeAN, v.i. To have thought or ideas ; or to have meaning. 

ME-AN'DER, n. [the name of a winding river in Phrygia.] 

1. A winding course ; a winding or turning in a passage. 

2. A maze ; a labyrinth : perplexity, 
ME-AN'DER, v. t. To wind, turn or flow round ; to make 

flexuous. Drayton. 
ME-AN'DER, v. i. To wind or turn in a course or passage ; 

10 be intricate. Shenstone. 
ME-AN'DER-ING, ppr. or a. Winding in a course, passage 

or current. 
ME-AN'DRi-AN, a. Windmg ; having many turns. 



tME-AN'DRY, ) ,,,. ,. ^ n *-• 

t ME-AN^DROUS ( ''^' W^mdmg ; flexuous. Dean King 
MeAN'ING, ppr. Having in mind ; intenuing ; signifying. 
MeAN'ING, 77. 1. That which exists in the mind, view or 
contemplation as a settled aim or pm-pose, though not di- 
rectly expressed. 2. Intention ; purpose ; aim ; with 
reference to a future act. 3. Signification. 4. The sense 
of words or expressions ; that which is to be understood ; 
signification ; that which the writer or speaker intends 
5. Sense ; power of thinking ; [little used.] 
MeAN'LY, adv. 1. Moderately. 2. Without dignity or 
rank ; in a low condition. 3. Poorly. 4. Without great- 
ness or elevation of mind ; without honor ; with a low 
mind or narrow views. 5. Without respect ; disrespect- 
fully. 
MeAN'NESS, n. 1. Want of dignity or rank; low state 

2. Want of excellence of any kind ; poorness ; rudeness. 

3. Lowness of mind; want of dignity and elevation; 
want of honor. 4. Sordidness ; niggardliness. 5. Want 
of richness ; poorness. 

MEANT, (ment)|;rei. and pp. of mean. 

MeAR. See Mere. 

MeASE, 77. The quantity of 500 ; as, a mease of herrings. 

t MeA'SLE, (mS'zl) 7t. A leper. Wickliffe. 

MeA'SLED, (me'zld) a. Infected or spotted with measles 

jMeA'-SLED-NESS, 7i. Disejised state of swine. Cotgrave 

MeA'SLES, fme'zlez) n. with a plural termination. [D 
vtazelen.] 1. A contagious disease of the human body, 
usually characterized by an eruption of small red points or 
spots, from wliich it has its name. 2. A disease of swine. 

3. A disease of trees. 

MeA'SLY, (meez ly) a. Infected with measles or emptions. 

MEAS'U-RA-BLE, (mezh'u-ra-bl) a. 1. That may be meas- 
ured ; susceptible of mensuration or computation. 2. 
Moderate ; in small quantity or extent. 

MEAS'U-RA-BLE-NESS,(mezhu-ra-bI-nes) 77. The quality 
of admitting mensuration. 

MEAS'U-RA-BLY, (mezh'u-ra-bly) adv. Moderately ; in a 
limited degree. 

MEAS'URE, (raezh'ur) n. [Fr. mesure ; It. misura.] 1. The 
whole extent or dimensions of a thing, including length, 
breadth and thickness. 2. That by whicli extent or di- 
mension is ascertained, either length, breadth, thickness, 
capacity, or amount. 3. A limited or definite quantity. 

4. Determined extent or length : limit. 5. A rule by 
wliich any thing is adjusted or proportioned. 6. Propor- 
tion ; quantity settled. 7. Full or sufilcient quantity. 8. 
Extent of power or office. 9. Portion allotted ; extent of 
ability. 10. Degree ; quantity indefinite. — 11. In 7nusic, 
tliat division by which the motion of music is regulated. 
— 12. In poetry, the measure or metre is tlie manner of 
ordering and combining the quantities, or the long and 
short syllables. — 13. In dancing, the mtei-val between 
steps, conesponding to the inten'al between notes in the 
music. — 14. In geometry, any quantity assumed as one or 
unity, to which the ratio of other homogeneous or similar 
quantities is expressed. 15. Means to an end ; an act, step 
or proceeding towards the accomplishment of an object. — 
IVithout measure, v/ithout limits ; very largely or copious- 
ly. — To have hard measure, to be harshly treated. 

MEAS'URE, V. i. To have a certain or limited extent. 

MEAS'URE, (mezh'ur) v. t. 1. To compute or ascertain 
extent, quantity, dimensions or capacity by a certain rule. 
2. To ascertain the degree of any thing. 3. To pass 
tlirough or over. 4. To judge of distance, extent or quan- 
tity. 5. To adjust ; to proportion. 6. To allot or dis- 
tribute by measure. 

MEAS'URED, (mezh'urd) pp. 1. Computed or ascertained 
by a rule ; adjusted ; proportioned ; passed over. 2. a. 
Equal ; uniform ; steady. 3. Limited or restricted. 

MEAS'URE-LESS, (mezh'ur-les) a. Without measure ; un- 
limited ; immeasurable, Shak. 

MEAS'URE- jIENT, (mezh'ur-ment) n. The act of measur- 
ing; mensuration. Burke. 

MEAS'UR-ER, (mezh'ur-er) n. One who measures; one 
whose occupation or duty is to measvu-e commodities in 
market. 

MEAS'UR-ING, (mezh'ur-ing) ppr. 1. Computing or ascer- 
taining length, dimensions, capacity or amount. 2. a. 
A measuring cast, a throw or cast that requires to be 
measured. 

Meat, V, [Sax. maste, mete.] 1. Food in general ; any Uiing 
eaten for nourishment, either by man or beast. 2. The 
flesh of animals used as food. — 3. In Scripture, spiritual 
food. John vi. 4. Spiritual comfort. John iv. 5. Prod- 
ucts of the earth proper for food. Hab. iii. 6. The more 
abstruse doctrines of the gospel. Heb. v. 7. Ceremonial 
ordinances. Heb. xiii. — To sit at meat, to sit or recline at 
the table. Scripture. 

t MeAT'ED, a. Fed ; fattened. Tusser. 

t MeATHE, 77. [W. mez.] Liquor or drink. Milton. 

MeAT'-OF-FER-ING, 77. An offering consisting of meat or 
food. 

MeAT'Y, a. Fleshy, but not fat. [Local.] Grose. 



* Sec Synopsis. A, E, T, O, V, ?, long.— F ATX, FALL, V^THAT ;— PRgY :— PIN, MARINE. BiRD ;— f Obsolete. 



MED 



523 



MED 



MEAWL See Mxw .. 

MeAZ'LING, ppr. 1 ailing in small drops; properly, miz- 

zlijiff, or rather mistUng, from mist. Arbuthnot. 
ME-GHAN'ie, or ME-€HAN'[-€AL, a. [L. mechanicus ; 
Fr. mechaiiiquc.'] 1. Pertaining to machines, or to the 
art of constructing jnachines ; pertaining to the art of 
making wares, goods, instruments, furniture, &c. 2. 
Constracted or performed by the rules or laws of mechan- 
ics. 3. Skilled in the art of making machines ; bred to 
manual labor. 4. Pertaining to artisans or mechanics ; 
vulgar. 5. Pertaining to the principles of mechan- 
ics, in philosophy. 6. Acting by physical power. 

ME-CHxAN'ie, n. 1. A person whose occupation is to con- 
struct machines, or goods, wares, instruments, furniture, 
and the like. 2, One skilled in a mechanical occupa- 
tion or art. 

ME-eHAN'I-€AL-Ly, o.dv. 1. According to the laws of 
mechanism, or good workmanship. 2. By physical force 
or power. 3. By the laws of motion, without intelligtsnce 
or design, or by the force of habit. 

f ME-€HAN I-€AL-lZE, v. t. To render mean and low. 
Coi(rrave. 

ME-€HANa-€AL-NESS, n. The state of being mechanical, 
or governed by mechanism. 

MEeH-A-Nl"CIAN, n. One skilled in mechanics. 

ME-eHAN'I€S, n. That science which treats of the doc- 
trines of motion. A mathematical science which shows 
the effects of powers or moving forces, so far as they are 
applied to engines, and demonstrates the laws of motion. 
Harris. 

ME€H'A-NISM, n. 1. The construction of a machine, en- 
gine or instrument. 2. Action of a machine, according 
to the laws of mechanics. 

MEeH'A-NIST, n. The maker of machines, or one skilled 
in mechanics. 

MECHLIN, n. A species of lace, made at Mechlin. 

ME-€Ho'A-€AN, n. White jalap, from Mechoacan. 

ME-€o'NI-ATE, n. A salt consisting of meconic acid and a 
base. 

ME-€ON'ie, a. Meconic acid is an acid contained In opi- 
um. 

MEC'0-NITE) n. A small sandstone ; ammite. 

ME-€o'NI-UM, 7z. {Gr. ixriKwviov.] 1. The juice of the 
white poppy, which has the virtues of opium. 2. The 
fii-st feces of infants. 

MED'AL, 7t. [Fr. medaille ; It. medaglia ; Sp. medulla.'] An 
ancient coin, or a piece of metal "in the form of a coin, 
stamped with some figure or device to preserve the portrait 
of some distinguished person, or the memory of an illus- 
trious action or event. 

ME-DAL'LI€, a. Pertaining to a medal or to medals, 

ME-DALL'ION", n. [Fr.] 1. A large antique stamp or 
medal. 2. The representation of a medallion. 

MED'AL-LTST, ??. A person that is skilled in medals. 

MED'DLE, V. i. [D. middelen.] 1. To have to do ; to take 
part ; to interpose and act in the concerns of others, or in 
affairs in which one's interposition is not necessary. 2. 
To liave to do ; to touch ; to handle. 

t MED DLE, V. t. To mix : to mingle. Spenser. 

MEL'DLER, n. One that meddles ; an officious pei-son ; a 
busy-body. Bacon. 

MED'DLE-SoME, a. Given to meddling; apt to interpose 
in the affairs of others ; officiously intrusive. 

MED'DLE-SoME-NESS, n. Officious interposition in the 
affairs of others. Barrow. 

MEDDLING, p;)r. 1. Having to do; touching; handling; 
officiously interposing in other men's concerns. 2. a. Of- 
licious ; busy in other men's affairs. 

MED'E-CIN, n. A physician. 

Me'DI-AL, a. [L. medhis.'] JMean ; noting a mean or aver- 
age. — Medial alligation is a method of tTuding the mean 
rate or value of a mixture consisting of two or more in- 
gredients of different quantities and values. 

RIe'DI-ANT, 71. In music, an appellation given to the third 
above the key-note. Busby. 

ME-DI-AS'TiNE,7i. [Fr. ; L. madias faium.] The fimbriated 
body about which the guts are convolved. Arbuthnot. 

Me'DI-ATE, e. [F'c.m.ediat.'] 1. Middle ; being between 
the two extremes. 2. Interposed ; intervening ; being 
between two objects. 3. Acting by means, or by an inter- 
vening cause or instrument. 

Me DI-ATE, V. i. 1. To interpose between parties, as the 
equal friend of each ; to actiiiditFerently b'^tvveen contend- 
ing parties, with a view to reconciliation ; to intercede. 

2. To be between two ; {little used.} 

Me'DI-ATE, v. t, 1. To effect by mediation or interposition 
between parties. 2. To limit by something in the middle ; 
lobs.-] 

Me'DI-ATE-LY, ado. By means or by a secondary cause, 
actingbetween the first cause and the effect. 

ME-DI-A'TION, ?i. [Fr.J 1. Interposition ; intervention ; 
agency between parties at variance, with a view to recon- 
cile them 2. Agency interposed ; intervenient power. 

3. Intercession; entreaty for another. 



ME'-DI-A-TOR, n. [Fr. mediateur.] 1. One ^hat interposes 
between parcies at variance for the purpose of reconciling 
them. — 2. By way of eminence, Christ is the mediivtor. 
"Christ is a mediator by nature, as partaking of both 
natures, divine and human ; and mediator by office, aa 
transacting matters between God and man." fVatcrland. 

ME-DI-A-To'RI-AL, a. Belonging to a mediator. {Medi- 
atory is not used.] 

ME-DI-a'TOR-SHIP, w. The office of a mediator. 

ME-DI-a'TRIX ^ ['"■' -^ female mediator. Ainswm-th. 

MED'IC, n. A plant of the genus medicago. 

MED'I-CA-BLE, a. That may be cured or healed. 

MED'I-CAL, a. [L. medicus.] 1. Pertaining to the art of 
healing diseases. 2. Medicinal ; containing that which 
heals ; tending to cure. 

MED'I-CAL-LY, adv. In the manner of medicine ; accord- 
ing to the rules of the healing art, or for the purpose of 
healing. 2. In relation to the healing art. 

MED'I-CA-MENT, n. [Fr.; L. medicamcntum.] Any thing 
used for healing diseases or wounds ; a medicine ; a heal- 
ing application. 

MED-I-CA-MENT'ALj a. Relating to healing applications j 
having the qualities of medicaments. 

MED-I-CA-MENT'AL-LY, adv. After the manner of heal- 
ing applications. 

MED'I-CAS-TER, n. A quack. WTiitlock. 

MED'I-CATE, V. t. [L. medico.] To tincture or impregnate 
with any thing medicinal. 

MED'I-€A-TED, pp. Prepared or furnished with any thing 
medicinal. 

MED'I-CA-TING, ppi\ Impregnating with medical sub- 
stances ; preparing with any thing medicinal. 

MED-I-Ca'TION, n. 1. The act or process of impregnating 
with medicinal substances ; the inf^ision of medicinal vir- 
tues. 2. The use of miedicine. 

ME-DIC'I-NA-BLE, a. Having the properties of medicine j 
medicinal. Bacon. 

* ME-DICT-NAL, a. [L. medicinalis.] I. Having the prop- 
erty of healing or of mitigating disease ; adapted to the 
cure or alleviation of bodily disorders. 2. Pertaining to 
medicine. 

ME-DIC'I-NAL-LY. adv. 1. In the manner of medicine; 
with medicinal qualities. 2. With a view to healing. 

* MED'I-CLVE, 71. [L. medicina. Vulgarly and improperly 
pronounced medJsn.] 1. Any substance, liquid or solid, 
that has the property of curing or mitigating disease in 
animals, or that is used for that purpose. 2. The art of 
preventing, curing or alleviating the diseases of the 
human body. 3. In the BVench sense, a physician ; [obs.] 

t MED'I-ClJN'E, V. t. To affect or operate on as medi- 
cine^ 

ME-Dl'E-TY, n. [Fr. mediete ; L. medietas.] The middle 
state or part ; half; moiety. [Little used.] Brown. 

Me'DIN, 71. A small coin. 

ME-DI-0'€RAL, a. [h.mcdiocris.] Being of a middle qual- 
ity ; indifferent; ordinary. [Rare.] Addison. 

ME-DI-O-CRE', (me-de-6kr') a. [Fr., froml.. mediocris.] Of 
moderate degree ; middle rate , middling. 

t Me'DI-O-CRIST, n. A person of middling abilities. 

ME-DI-OC'RI-TY, 71. [Jj. mediocritas.] 1. A middle state 
or degree ; a moderate degree or rate 2. Moderation ; 
temperance. 

MED'I-TATE, v. i. [L. meditor ; Fr. mediter.] I. To dwell 
on any thing in thought ; to contemplate ; to study ; to turn 
or revolve any sulDJect in the mind. 2. To intend ; to 
have in contemplation. Washington. 

MED'I-TATE, v. t. 1. To plan by revolving in the mind ; 
to contrive ; to intend. 2. To think on ; to revolve. 

MED I-TA-TED, pp. Planned ; contrived. 

MEDT-TA-TING, ppr. Revolving in the mind; contem- 
plating ; contriving. 

MED-I-Ta'TION, 7?. [L. meditatio.] Close or continued 
thought; the turning or revolving -of a subject in the 
mind ; serious contemplation. 

MED'I-TA-TiVE, a. 1. Addicted to meditation. Ains- 
worth. 2. Expressing meditation or design. Johnson. 

t MED-I-TER-RaNE', ) a. [L. medius and terra.] 1 

MED-I-TER-Ra'NE-AN, > Inclosed, or nearly inclosed 

MED-I-TER-Ra'NE-OUS, ) with land. , 2. Inland ; le 
mote from the ocean or sea. 

ME'DI-Uai, 71. ,■ plu. Mediums ; media not being generally 
though sometimes used. [L.] 1. In philosophy, the space oi 
substance through which a body moves or passes to any 
point. — 2. In logic, the mean or middle tenn of a syllogism j 
or the middle term in an argument. — 3. Arithmetical medi- 
um, that which is equally distant from each extreme. — 4. 
Geometrical medium is that wiierein the same ratio is pre- 
served between the first and second terms, as between the 
second and third. Encyc. 5. The means or instrument by 
which any thing is accomplished, conveyed or carried 
on. 6. The middle place or degree ; the mean. 7. A 
kind of printing paper of middle size. 

MED'LAR, 71. [L. jnespilus.] A tree and its fruit. 



* See Synopsis. McWE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



MEL 



55i4 



MEL 



t MED'Ly' \ '"' *• '^'^ "*^ ' ^°* used, but hence, 

MED'LEY, n. A mixture ; a mingled and c&nfused mass of 
ingredients. Addison. 

MED'LEY, a. Mingled ; confused [Little t^ed.] Dryden. 

ME-DUL'LAR, } a. [li.meduUaris.] Pertaining to mar- 

* MED'UL-LA-RY, J row ; consisting of marrow j resem- 
bling manow. 

ME-DUL'LIN, m. [h. raedulla.] The pith of the sunflower, 
which has neither taste nor smell. 

MEED, n. [Sax. med.] 1. Reward ; recompense ; that which 
is bestowed or rendered in consideration of merit. 2. A 
gift or present ; [obs.] 

MEEK, a. [Sw. miuk ; Dan. myg ; ^p. mego ; Port, meigo.] 

1. Mild of temper ; soft ; gentle ; not easily provoked or 
irritated ; yielding ; given to forbearance under injuries. 

2. Humble, in an evangelical sense ; submissive to the 
divine wilU; not proud, self-sufficient or refractory. 

t MEEK, V. t. [Su. Goth, moeka.] To humble. Wickliffe. 

MEEK'EN, (me'kn) v. t. To make meek ; to soften ; to 
render mild. Thomson. 

MEEK'LY, adv. Mildly ; gently ; submissively ; humbly ; 
not proudly or roughly. Spenser. 

MEEK'NESS, n. 1. Softness of temper j mildness; gentle- 
ness ; forbearance under injuries and provocations. — 2. In 
an evangelical sense, humility ; resignation ; submission 
to the divine will, without murmuring or peevishness. 

MEER, a. Simple ; unmixed ; usually written mere. 

MEER, n. A lake ; a boundary. See Mere. 

MEERED, a. Relating to a boundary. [See Mere.] Shale. 

MEER'SCHAUM, n. [G. sea-foam.] A hydrate of magnesia 
combined with silex. 

MEET, a. [Sax. gemet.] Fit ; suitable ; proper; qualified ; 
convenient ; adapted, as to a use or purpose. 

MEET, V. t. : pret. and pp.mei. [Sax. metau, mcetan, geme- 
tan.] 1. To come together, approaching in opposite or 
different directions ; to come face to face. 2. To come 
together in any place. 3. To come together in hostility; 
tu encounter. 4. To encounter unexpectedly. 5. To 
come together in extension ; to come in contact ; to join. 
6. To come to ; to find ; to light on ; to receive. 

MEET, V. i. 1. To come together or to approach near, or 
into company with. 2. To come together in hostility ; to 
encounter. 3. To assemble ; to congregate. 4. To come 
together by being extended ; to come in contact ; to join. 
— To meet with. 1. To light on ; to find ; to come to ; often 
with the sense of an unexpected event. 2. To join ; to 
unite in company. 3. To suffer unexpectedly. 4. To 
encounter ; to engage in opposition. 5. To obviate ; a 
Latlnism. — To meet half tcay, to approach from equal 
distances and meet ; 7netapho'rically, to make mutual and 
equal concessions, each party renouncing some preten- 
sions. 

MEET'ER, n. One that meets another ; one that accosts 
another. Shak. 

MEET'ING , ppr. Coming together ; encountering ; joining ; 
assembling. 

MEET'ING, n. 1. A coming together; an interview. 2. 
An assembly ; a congregation ; a collection of people ; a 
convention. 3. A conflux, as of rivers ; a joining, as of 
lines, 

MEET'ING-HOLTSE, n. A place of worship; a church. 

MEET'LY, adv. Fitly ; suitably; properly. 

MEET'NESS, 7i. Fitness; suitableness; propriety. 

MEG'A-6'OSM, n. [Gr. fxeyag and /cotr/^oj.] The great 
world. 

MEG-A-LON'YX, n. [Gr. fxtyaXr} and ovvl.] An animal 
now extinct, whose bones have been found in Virginia. 

t MEG-A-LOP'0-LIS, n. [Gr. lAeyaXr] and iroXis.] A chief 
city ; a metropolis. Herbert. 

MEG-A-THe'RI-UM, I n. [Gr. fieyas and 0?7pa.] A quad- 

ME-GATH'E-RY, \ raped now extinct. 

Me'GRIM, n. [Fr. migraine.] A disorder of the head ; ver- 
tigo. Bacon. 

f Mi5INE, V. t. [Sax. mengan.] To mingle. Chaucer. 

f MeINE, or t Me'NY, n. A retinue or family of servants; 
domestics. Shak. 

MET'O-N [TE, 71. Prismato-pyramidical feldspar. 

MEI-oSrS, n. [Gr. fxeioyrxtg.] Diminution; a rhetorical 
figure, a species of hyperbole, representing a thing less 
than it is. Beattie. 

MEL'AM-PODE, n. [Gr. /isXa/iTro^tov.] The black helle- 
bore. Spenser. 

ME-LAN'A-GOGUE, (me-lan'a-gog) n. [Gr. ^eXaj, fxekavog 
and ayiy).] A medicine supposed to expel black bile or 
choler. [Old.} 

■f-MEL-AN-CHo'LI-AN, n. The same with melancholic. 

MEL'AN-€HOL-ie, a. 1. Depressed in spirits; affected 
with gloom ; dejected ; hypochondriac. 2. Produced by 
melancholy ; expressive of melancholy ; mournful. 3. 
Unhappy ; unfortunate ; causing sorrow. 

MEL'AN-eHOL-I€, n. 1. One affected with a gloomy 



state of mind ; [melancholian, in a like sense, is not 
used ] 2 A gloomy state of mind. 

MEL'AN-€HOL-I-LY, adv. With melancholy. Keepe. 

MEL'AN-€HOL-I-NESS, n. State of being melancholy 
disposition to indulge gloominess of mind. 

t MEL-AN-€Ho'LI-OUS, ffi. Gloomy. Qower. 

MEL'AN-€HOL-IST, n. One affected with melancholy. 

MEL'AN-€HO-LlZE, «. i. To become gloomy in mind. 

{ MEL'AN-€HO-LlZE, v. t. To make melancholy. More. 

MEL'AN-CHOL-Y, n. [Gr. ^izKav and -xoXri ; L. melancho- 
lia.] A gloomy state of mmd, often a gloomy state that 
is of some continuance, or habitual ; depression of spirits 
induced by grief; dejection of spirits. 

MEL'AN-€HOL-Y, a. 1. Gloomy ; depressed in spirits ; 
dejected. 2. Dismal ; gloomy ; habitually dejected. 3. 
Calamitous ; afflictive ; that may or does produce great 
evil and grief. 

ME-LANGE', (me-lanje') n. [Fr.] A mixture.] JVoi Eng- 
lish.] 

MEL'A-NITE, n. [Gr. jUfXaf.] A mineral. 

MEL-A-NIT'I€, a. Pertaining to melanite. 

MEL'AN-TER-1, 71. [Gr. //sXav.] Salt of iron. 

MEL-A-Nu'Ru's 1 '"" ^ ^™^^1 fish of the Mediterranean. 
MEL'I-LOT, 71. [Fr.] A plant of the genus trifolium. 

* MeL'IO-RATE, (meel'yo-rate) v. t. [Fr. ameliorer ; It. 
migliorare.] To make better; to improve. 

* MeL'IO-RATE, (meel'yo-rate) v. i. To grow better. 

* MeL'IO-RA-TED, (meel'yo-ra-ted) pp. Made better ; im- 
proved. 

* MeL'IO-RA-TING, (meel'yo-ra-ting) ppr. Improving | 
adjancing in good qualities. 

* MeL-10-Ra'T10N, (meel-yo-ra'shun) n. The act or oper- 

ation of making better ; improvement. 
t MeL-IOR'I-TY, n. The state of being better. Bacon. 
fMELL, V. i. [Fr. miler.] To mix ; to meddle. Spenser. 
MELL, n. [L. mel,] Honey. [JVot English.] 
MEL'LATE, 7?. [L. mel.] A combination of the mellitie 

acid with a base. 
MEL-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L.meZ and/e7-o.] Producing honey. 
MEL-LI-FI-€a'TION, n. [L. mellifico.] The making or 

production of honey. 
MEL-LIF'LU-ENCE, 71. [li.mel&nAfiuo.] A flow of sweet- 
ness, or a sweet, smooth flow. Watts. 
MEL-LIF'LU-ENT, ; a. Flowing with honey ; smooth : 
MEL-LIF'LU-OUS, \ sweetly flowing. 
MEL'IilT, n. In farriery, a dry scab on the heel of a horse's 

fore foot, cured by a mixture of honey and vinegar. 
MEL'LITE, 71. [li.mel.] Honey-stone, a mineral. 
MEL-LIT'I€, a. Pertaining to honey-stone. 
MEE'LoW, a. [Sax. melewe ; G. mehl.] 1. Soft with ripe ■ 

ness ; easily yielding to pressure. 2. Soft to the ear. 3 

Soft ; well pulverized ; not indurated or compact. 4. Soft 

and smooth to the taste. 5. Soft with liquor ; intoxicated ; 

merryj 6. Soft or easy to the eye. 
MEL'LoW, V. t. 1. To ripen ; to bring to maturity ; to 

soften by ripeness or age. 2. To soften ; to pulverize. 3. 

To mature ; to bring to perfection. 
MEL'LoW, V. i. To become soft ; to be ripened, matured or 

broagiJt to perfection. 
MEL'LoW-NESS, n. I. Softness ; the quality of yielding 

easily to pressure ; ripeness, as of fruit. 2. Maturity ; 

softnejs or smoothness from age, as of wine. 
MEL'LoW-Y, ffl. Soft; unctuous. Drayton. 
MEL-0-€0-ToNE', n. [Sp. melocoton.] A quince. But 

the name is sometimes given to a large kind of peach. 

* ME-Lo'DI-OUS, a. Containing melody ; rhusical ; agreea- 
ble to the ear by a sweet succession of sounds. 

*ME-Lo'DI-0US-LY, adv. In a melodious manner. 

* ME-Lo'DI-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being agreeable 
to the ear by a sweet succession of sounds ; musicalness. 

MEL'O-DlZE, V. t. To make melodious. 

MEL'O-DRAME, n. [Gr. ixeXog, and drama.] A dramatic 
performance in which songs are intermixed. 

MEL'O-DY, n. [Gr. //£Aw(5ja.] An agreeable succession of 
sounds ; a succession of sounds so regulated and modu- 
lated as to please the ear. Melody differs from harmony, 
as it consists in the agreeable succession and modulation 
of sounds by a single voice ; whereas harmony consists in 
the accordance of different voices or sounds. 

MEL'ON, ri. [Fr, ; L. 7?ieZo / Sp. TKcZoTi.] The name of cer- 
tain plants and their fruit. 

MEL'ON-THIS-TLE, n. A plant of the genus cactus. 

MEL'ROSE, 71. [L. mel, and rose.] Honey of roses. 

MELT, V. t. [Sax. meltan ; Gr. fj.e'XSo) ; D. smelten.] 1. 
To dissolve ; to make liquid ; to liquefy ; to reduce from a 
solid to a liquid or flowing state by heat. 2. To dissolve ; 
to reduce to first principles, 3. To soften to love or ten- 
derness. 4. To waste away ; to dissipate. 5. To dis- 
hearten. Josh. xiv. 

MELT, V. i. 1. To become liquid ; to dissolve ; to be 
changed from a fixed or solid to a flowing state. 2. To 
be softened to love, pity, tenderness or sympathy; to be- 



&^ Synopsis, a, E, I, O, tr, Y, long.-FK R, FALL, WH^T j-PRgY ;-PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;- t Obsolete 



MEN 



S25 



MEN 



come tender, mild or gentle. Shak. 3. To be dissolved ; 
to lose substance. 4. To be subdued by affliction ; to sink 
into weakness. 5. To faint 3 to be discouraged or dis- 
heartened. 

MELT'ED, pp. Dissolved ; made liquid ; softened ; discour- 
aged. 

MELT'ER, n. One that melts any thing. Derham. 

MELT'ING, ppr. 1. Dissolving ; liquefying ; softening ; 
discouraging. 2. a. Tending to soften; softening into 
tenderness. 

MELT'ING, n. The act of softening ; the act of rendering 
tender. South. 

MELT'ING-LY, adv. 1. In a manner to melt or soften. 2. 
Like something melting. Sidney. 

MELT'ING-NESS, n. The power of melting or softening. 

MEL'WEL, n. A fish. 

MEM'BER, n. [Fr. mevibre ; L. membrum.] 1. A limb of 
animal bodies. 2. A part of a discourse, or of a period or 
sentence ; a clause ; a part of a verse. — 3. In architecture, 
a subordinate part of a building, as a frieze or cornice ; 
sometimes a molding. 4. An individual of a community 
or society. 5. The appetites and passions, considered 
as tempting to sin, Rom. vii. 

MEM'BERED, a. Having limbs. 

MEM'BER-SHIP, n. 1. The state of being 3 member. 2. 
Community; society, Beaumont. 

MEM'BRANE, n. [Fr,; L, membrana.] In anatomy, a thin, 
white, flexible skin, formed by fibres interwoven like 
net-work, and serving to cover some part of the body. 

BIEM-BRa'NE-OUS, MEM'BRA-NOUS, or MEM-BRA- 
Na'CEOUS, a. 1, Belonging to a membrare ; consisting 
of membranes. — 2. In botany, a membranaceous leaf has 
no distinguishable pulp between the two surfaces. 

MEM-BRa'NI-FORM, a. Having the form of a membrane 
or of parchment. 

ME-MENT'O, n. [L.] A hint, suggestion, notice or memo- 
rial to awaken memory ; that wliich reminds. 

* MEM'OIR, (me-moir', or mem'wor) n. [Fr. memoirs.'] 1. 
A species of history written by a person who had some 
share in the transactions related, 2, A history of trans- 
actions in which some person had a principal share, is 
called his memoirs, though compiled or written by a dif- 
ferent hand, 3. The history of a society, or the journals 
and proceedings of a society. 4. A written account ; reg- 

iVIEM'0-RA-BLE, a. [Fr,; L, memorabilis.] Worthy to be 
remembered ; illustrious ; celebrated ; distinguished. 

MEM'O-RA-BLY, adv. In a manner worthy to be remem- 
bered. 

M£M-0-RAN'DUM, n.; plu. Memorandums, or Memo- 
randa, [L,] A note to help the memory 

t MEM'0-RATE, v. t." 
thing. 

MEM'O-RA^TiVE, a. Adapted or tending to preserve the 
memory of any thing. Hammond. 

ME-Mo'RI-AL, a. [Fr.; L. memorialis.] 1. Preservative 
of memory. 2. Contained in memory. Watts. 

ME-Mo'RI-AL, n. 1. That which preserves the memory 
of something , any thing that serves to keep in memory. 
2, Any note or hint to assist the memory, 3, A written 
representation of facts, made to a legislative or other 
body as the ground of a petition, or a representation of 
facts accompanied with a petition. 

ME-Mo'RI-AL-IST, n. 1. One who writes a memorial. 2. 
One who presents a memorial to a legislative or any other 
body_^ or to a person. United States. 

ME-Mo'RI-AL-iZE, v. t. To present a memorial ; to peti- 
tion by memorial. United States. 

t MEM'0-RIST, n. One who causes to be remembered, 

MEM'O-RiZE, V. t. 1, To record ; to commit to memory by 
writing, 2, To cause to be remembered. 

MEM'O-RY, n. [L. memoria ; Fr. mcmoire.] I. The fac- 
•ilty of the mind by which it retains the knowledge of 
past events, or ideas which are past, A distinction is 
made between memory and recollection. Memory retains 
past ideas without any, or with little effort ; recollection 
implies an effort to recall ideas that are past, 2, A re- 
taining of past ideas in the mind ; remembrance, 3, Ex- 
emption from oblivion. 4, Tlie time within which past 
events can be remembered or recollected, or the time 
within which a person may have knov/ledge of what is 
past. 5. Memorial ; monumental record ; that which 
calls to remembrance. 6, Reflection ; attention, 

t MEM'O-RY, V. t. To lay up in the mind or memory, 

MEMPH'I-AN, a [from Memphis.] Pertaining to Memphis ; 
very dark, 

MEN, pZu, of man. 1. Two or more males, individuals of 
the human race. 2. Males of bravery. 3. Persons; peo- 
ple ; mankind ; in an indefinite sense. 

MEN' ACE, V. t. [Fr. inenacer.] 1, To threaten ; to express 
or show a disposition or determination to inflict punish- 
ment or other evil, 2. To show or manifest the probabil- 
ity of future evil or danger to. 3. To exhibit the appear- 
ance of any catastrophe to come. 



[L. memoro.] To make mention of a 



MEN'ACE, n. 1. A threat or threatening ; the declaration 
or show of a disposition or determination to inflict an 
evil. 2. The show of a probable evil or catastrophe to come 

MEN'ACED, pp. Threatened. 

MEN'A-CER, n. One that tlneatens, 

MEN^A-CHA-NITE, n. An oxyd of titanium, a mineral. 

MEN-A-€HA-NIT'I€, a. Pertaining to menachanite, 

MEN'A-CING, ppr. 1. Threatening ; declaring a determi- 
nation to inflict evil, 2, a. Exhibiting the danger or prob- 
ability of an evil to come. 

MEN-AGE', (men-azhe') n. [Fr.] A collection of brute an- 
imals. 

* MEN-aG'ER-Y, (men-azh'er-e) n. [Fr. menagene ] A 
yard or place in which wild animals are kept, or a col- 
lection of wild animals. 

MEN'A-GOGUE, (men'a-gog) n. [Gr. jxrivsi and ayw."! A 
medicine that promotes the menstrual flux. 

MEN'ALD, ) 71. A term applied to deer whose skins are 

MEN'ILD, \ beautifully variegated. 

MEND, V. t. [L. emeiido ; Fr. amenda .] 1. To repair, as a 
breach ; to supply a part broken or defective. 2. To cor- 
rect ; to set right ; to alter for the better. 3. To repair ; 
to restore to a sound state. 4. To help ; to advance ; to 
make better. 5, To improve ; to hasten. 

MEND, V. i. To grow better; to advance to a better state ; 
to improve. 

MEND'A-BLE, a. Capable of being mended. 

MEN-Da'CIOUS, a. [L. mendax.] Lying; false. [L. m,] 

MEN-DAC'I-TY, n. Falsehood, Broton. 

MEND'ED, pp. Repaired ; made better ; improved. 

MEND'ER, n. One who mends or repairs. 

MEND'I-€AN-CY, a. [L. mendicans.] Beggary ; a state of 
begging. 

MEND'I-CANT, a. [L. mendicans.] 1, Begging; poor to 
a state of beggary. 2. Practicing beggary. 

MEND'I-CANT, n. A beggar ; one that makes it his busi- 
ness to beg alms ; one of the begging fraternity of the 
Romish church. 

t MEND'I-CATE, v. t. To beg, or practice begging. 

MEN-DIC'I-TY, n. [L. mendicitas,] The state of begging ; 
the life of a beggar, 

t MEND'MENT, for amendment. 

t MENDS, for amends. Shak. 

MEN-Ha'DEN, n. A species offish, 

Me'NI-AL, a. [Norm, meignal, meynal.] 1. Pertaining to 
servants, or domestic servants ; low ; mean. Swift. 2 
Belonging to the retinue or train of servants. 

Me'NI-AL, n. A domestic servant, 

MEN'I-LITE, 71, A mineral substance, 

ME-NIN'GES, 71, [Gr. neviyyos.] The two membranes that 
envelop the brain, which are called the pia mater, and 
dura mater, 

ME-NIS'CUS, n.',pln. Meniscuses. [Gr. ju?7vtcr/cof.] A lens 
convex on one side, and concave on the other. 

MEN-I-SPERM'ATE, n. A compound of menispermic acid 
and a salifiable base. 

MEN-I-SPERM'IC, a. The menispermic acid is obtained 
from the seeds of the menispermum cocculus. 

MEN'I-VER, n. A small white animal in Russia, or its fur, 
which is very fine. Chaucer. 

ME-NOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. fjmv, nrjvog and Xoyog.] 1. A regis- 
ter of months. — 2, In the Greek church ^ martyr ology, or a 
brief calendar of the lives of the saints. 

MEN'oW, n. [Fr. menu.] A small fish, the minnow. 

MEN'PLeAS-ER, n. One who is solicitous to please men, 
rather than to please God. 

MEN'SAL, a. [L. mensalis.] Belonging to the table ; trans- 
acted at table. {Little used.] Clarissa. 

f MENSE, 71. [HdiK. menneseT] Propriety ; decency ; man - 
ners. 

t MENSE'FUL, a. Graceful ; mannerly. 

t MENSE'LESS, a. Without civility ; void of decency or 
propriety. 

MEN'STRU-AL, a. [Fr.; L. menstrualis.] 1. Monthly ; 
happening once a month. 2. Lasting a month. 3. Per- 
taining to a menstruum. 

MEN'STRU-ANT, a. Subject to monthly flowings. 

MEN'STRU-OUS, a. [L. menstrmis.] 1, Having the 
monthly flow or discharge, as a female. 2. Pertaining 
to the monthly flow of females. 

MEN'STRU-UM, n.; plu. Menstruums. [from L. mends.] 
A dissolvent or solvent ; any fluid or subtilized substance 
whicli dissolves a solid body. 

* MEN-SU-RA-BIL'I-TY, 71, Capacity of being measured, 
*MEN'SU-RA-BLE, a. [L, mensura.] Measurable; capable 

of being measured. Holder. 

* MEN'SU-RAL, a. Pertaining to measure. 

* MEN^SU-RATE, v. t. [L. mensura.] To measure. [L. m.] 

* MEN-SU-Ra'TION, 71. 1. The act, process or art of meas- 
uring or taking the dimensions of any thing. 2. Meas- 
ure ; the result of measuring. 

MEN'TAL, a. [It, mcntale ; Fr. mental.] Pertaining to the 
mind; intellectual. Addison. 



^ee Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE — ^e as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tJds. t Obsolete 



MER t 

MEN'TAL-LY, adv. Intellectually ; in the mind ; in thought 
or meditation ; in idea. Bentley. 

AIEN'TION, 71. [Fr.; L. mentio.] A hint ; a suggestion 5 a 
brief notice or remark expressed in words or writing. 

BIEN'TION, V. U [Fr. mcntionner.} To speak 5 to name ; 
to utter a brief remark; to state a particular fact, or to 
express it in writing. It is applied to something thrown 
in or added incidentally in a discourse or writing, and 
thus differs from the sense oi relate, recite and narrate. 

MEN'TIONED, pp. Named; stated. 

MEX'TION-ING, ppr. Naming ; uttering. 

MEN-To'RI-AL, a. [Mentor.'] Containing advice. 

ME-PHIT'I€, ) a. [L: mepJiitis.] Offensive to the smell ; 

ME-PHIT'I-CAL, ^ foul ; poisonous ; noxious ; pestilen- 
tial ; destructive ,0 life. — Mephitic acid is carbonic acid. 

MEPH'I-TIS, ) n. Foul, offensive or noxious exhalations 

MEPH'I-TISM, \ from dissolving substances, tilth or other 
source ; also, carbonic acid gas. 

t ME-Ra'CJOUS, a. [L. meracus.] Strong : racy. 

t MER'€A-BLE, a. TL. mercor.] To be sold or bought. 

t MER-€AN-TANTE', n. [It. mercatante.] A foreign trad- 
er. Shak. 

* MER'€AN-TlLE, a. [It. and Fr.; L. mercans.] 1. Trad- 
ing ; commercial ; carrying on cominerce. 2. Pertaining 
or relating to commerce or trade. 

tMER'€AT, 7!. [L. mercatus.] Market; trade. Sprat. 

\ MER'€A-TURE, n. [L. mercatura.] The practice of buy- 
ing and selling. 

MER'CE-NA-RI-LY, adv. In a mercenary manner. 

MER'CE-NA-RI-NESS, n. Venality ; regard to hire or re- 
ward. Boyle. 

MER'CE-NA-RY, a. [Fr. mercenaire ; L. mercenarius.] 1. 
Venal ; that may be hired ; actuated by the hope of re- 
ward ; moved by the love of money. 2. Hired ; purchas- 
ed by money. 3. Sold for money. 4. Greedy of gain ; 
mean ; selfish. 5. Contracted from motives of gain. 

MER'CE-NA-RY, n. One who is hired ; a soldier that is 
hired into foreign service ; a hh-eling. 

MER'CER, n. [Fr. mercier.] One who deals in silks. 
How el. 

MER'OER-SHIP, 71. The business of a mercer. 

MER'CER- Y, 71. [Fr. mercerie.] The commodities or goods 
in which a mercer deals ; trade of mercers. 

t IMER'CHAND', v. i. [Fr. marchavxter.'] To trade. Bacon. 

t MER'CHAN-DA-BLE, a. That may be transacted by 
traffick. 

MER'CHAN-DlSE, 71. [Fr.] 1. The objects of commerce; 
wares, goods, commodities, whatever is usually bought or 
sold in trade. 2. Trade ; traffick ; commerce. 

MER'CHAN-BISE, v. i. To trade ; to carry on commerce. 

t MER'CHAN-DRY, n. Trade ; commerce. Saxuidcrson. 

MER'CHANT, 71. [Fr. marchavd; It. mere ante ; Sp. jner- 
c/iante.] 1. A man who trafficks or carries on trade with 
foreign countries, or who exports and imports goods and 
sells them by wholesale. — 2. In popular usage, any trad- 
er, or one who deals in the purchase and sale of goods. 
3. A ship in trade ; [ois.] 

t MERCHANT, v. i. To trade. 

MER'CHANT-A-BLE, a. Fit for market ; such as is usu- 
ally sold in market, or such as will bring the ordinary 
price. 

MER'CHANT-MAN, 71. A ship or vessel employed in the 
transportation of goods, as distinguished from a ship of war. 

t MER'CIA-BLE, a. Merciful. Qoicer. 

iVIER'CI-FUL, a. 1. Having or exercising mercy ; compas- 
sionate ; tender ; disposed to pity offenders, and to for- 
give their offenses ; unvdlling to punish for injuries. 2. 
Compassionate ; tender ; unwilling to give pain ; not 
cruel. 

MER'CI-FUL-LY, adv. With compassion or pity ; tender- 
ly ; mildly. 

MER'CI-FUL-NESS, n. Tenderness towards offenders ; 
willingness to forbear punishment ; readiness to forgive. 

f MER'CI-FY, V. t. To pity. Spenser. 

MER'CI-LESS, a. 1. Destitute of mercy ; unfeeling; piti- 
less ; hard-hearted ; cruel. 2. Not sparing. 

MER'CI-LESS-LY, adv. In a manner void of mercy ; cru- 
ellv. 

MER'CI-LESS-NESS, n. Want of mercy or pity. 

MER-€U'RI-AL, a. [L. mercui-ialis.] 1. Formed under the 
influence of Mercury ; active ; sprightly ; full of fire or 
vigor. Sicift. 2. Pertaining to quicksilver; containing 
quicksilver, or consisting of mercury. 

MER-€u'RI-AL-IST, t;. One under the influence of Mer- 
cury, or one resembling Mercury in variety of character. 

t MER-€u'RI-AL-lZE, v.-i. To be humorous, new-fangled, 
fantastical; to prattle overmuch. Cotcrrave. 

MER-€u'RI-ATE, n. A combination of the oxyd of mercu- 
rv with another substance. 

MER-eu'RI€ ACID, 71. A saturated combination of mercury 
and oxygen. 

MEr?-eU-RI-FI-€A'TIDN, n. 1. In metallurgic chemistry. 



5 MER 

the process of obtaining the mercury from metallic mine- 
rals in its fluid form. 2. The act of mixing with quick- 
silver._ 

MER-€U'RI-FY, v. t. To obtam mercury from metaUic 
minerals. Encyc. 

MER'€U-RY, 71. [L. Mercuriits.] 1. Quicksilver, a metal 
remarkable for its fusibility. 2. Heat of constitutional 
temperament ; spirit ; sprightly qualities. 3. A genus of 
plants. 4. One of the planets nearest the sun. 5. The 
name of a newspaper or periodical publication. 

MER'€U-RY, V. t. To wash with a preparation of mercury. 
B. Jonson. 

MER'eU-RY'fS FIN'GER, n. Wild saffron. 

MER'CY, n. [Fr. raerci.] 1. That benevolence, mildness 
or tenderness of heart, which disposes a person to overlook 
injuries, or to treat an offender better than he deserves 
There is, perhaps, no word in our language precisely sy- 
nonymous v/ith mercy. That which comes nearest to it 
is grace. It imphes benevolence, tenderness, mildness, 
pity or compassion, and clemency, but exercised only to- 
wards offenders. 2. An act or exercise of mercy or favor. 
3. Pity ; compassion manifested towards a person in dis- 
tress. 4. Clemency and bounty. 5. Charity, or the du- 
ties of charity and benevolence. 6. Grace ; favor. 1 Cor. vii. 
7. Eternal life, the fruit of mercy. 2 Tim. i. 8. Pardon. 9. 
The act of sparing, or the forbearance of a violent act ex- 
pected. — To be or to lie at the mercy of, to have no means 
of self-defense. 

MERCY-SkAT, 7!. The propitiatory ; the covering of the 
ark of the covenant among the Jews. 

MERD, 71. [Fr. merde ; L. merda.} Ordure ; dung. Bur- 
ton. 

MERE, a. [L. menis ; It. mero.'] I. This or that only; 
distinct from any tiling else. 2. Absolute ; entire. 

MERE, n. [Sax. mcere, or mere.] A pool or lake. 

MERE, 71. LSax. mccra, gemcera.] A boundary ; used chief- 
Ijr in the compound, mere-stone. Bacon. 

fMERE, V. t. To divide, limit or bound. Spenser. 

MeRE'LY, adv. Purely ; only ; solely ; thus and no otlier 
way ; for this and no other purpose. Swift. 

MER-E-TRi'CIOUS, a. [L. meretricius.] 1. Pertaining to 
prostitutes ; such as is practiced by harlots. 2. Alluring 
by false show ; v/orn for disguise ; having a gaudy but 
deceitful appearance : false. 

MER-E-TRi"CIOUS-LY, adv. In the manner of prosti- 
tutes ; with deceitful enticements. 

MER-E-TRi"CIOUS-NESS, n. The aiTs of a prostitute ; de- 
ceitful enticements. 

MER-GAN'SER, n. [Sp. mergansar.] A water fowl. 

IMERGE, V. t. [L. mergo.] To immerse ; to cause to be 
swallowed up. Kent. 

MERGE. V. i. To be sunk, swallowed or Ics-t. Law Term. 

MERG'ER, 71. [L. mergo.] In law, a merging or drowning 
of a less estate in a greater. 

* ME-RID'I-AN, 71. [Fr. meridien ; It. meridiano ; L. merid- 
ics.] 1. In ast?-o?io?n7/ and o-co^7-tt;//i7/, a great circle sup- 
posed to be drawn or to pass through the poles of the 
earth, and the zenith and nadir of any given place, inter- 
secting the equator at right angles, and dividing the hem- 
isphere into eastern and western. 2. Mid-day; noon. 
3. The highest point. 4. The particular place or state, 
with regard to local circumstances or things that distin- 
guish it from others. — Magnetic meridian, a great circle, 
parallel with the direction of the magnetic needle, and 
passing through its poles. 

* ME-RID'I-AN, a. 1. Being on the meridian or at mid-day. 
2. Pertaining to the meridian or to mid-day. 3. Pertain- 
ing to the highest point. 4. Pertaining to the magnetic 
meridian. 

ME-RID'I-O-NAL, a. [Fr.] 1. Pertaining to the meridian, 

2. Southern. 3. Southerly; having a southern aspect. — 
Meridional distance is the departure from the meridian, or 
easting or westing. 

ME-RID-I-O-NAL'I-TY, 7t. 1. The state of being in the me- 
ridian. 2. Position in the south ; aspect towards the 
south. 

ME-RID/I-O-NAL-LY, adv. In the direction of the meridi- 
an. Broicn. 

MER'ILS, 71. [Fr. merelles.] A boyish game, called five- 
penvy morris. See Mokris. 

MER'IT, 7?. [L. meritum; It., Sp. merito ; Fr. merite.] 1. 
Desert ; goodness or excellence which entitles one to honor 
or reward ; worth ; any performance or worth which 
claims regard or compensation. 2. Value ; excellence. 

3. Reward deserved ; that which is earned or merited. 
MER'IT, v. t. [Fr. meriter ; L. merito.] I. To deserve ; to 

earn by active service, or by any valuable performance ; 

to have a right to claim reward in money, regard, honor 

or happiness. 2. To deserve ; to have a just title to. 

3. To desei-ve, in an ill sense ; to have a just title to. 
t MER'IT-A-BLE, a. Desei-ving of reward. B. Jonscu. 
MER'IT-ED, pp. Earned ; deserved. 
MER'IT-ING, j)pr. Earning ; deserving. 



* See Synopsis. 



E, T, O, t}, ^, long.— FAR, TALI., WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete 



MES 



527 



^ I MET 



MER'IT-MoN-GER, n. One who' advocates the doctrine of 
human merit, as entitled to reward. Milne)-. 

MER-I-To'RI-OUS, a. [It. meriturio ; Fr. meritoire.] De- 
Berviiig of reward or of notice, regard, fame or happi- 
ness. 

MER-I-To'RI-OUS-LY, adv. In such a manner as to de- 
serve reward. Wotton. 

MER-I-To'RI-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of de- 
serving a reward or suitable return. 

t MER'I-TO-RY, a. Deserving of reward. Gower. 

MER'I-TOT, n. A kind of play used by children, in swing- 
ing themselves on ropes or the like, till they are giddy. 

MERLE, n. [L. merula.'] A blackbird. Drayton. 

MER'LIN, n. [Fr.] A species of hawk. 

MER'LON, 71. [It. merlo ; Fr. merlon.] In foriificatioyi, thai, 
part of a parapet which lies between two embrasures. 
Encyc. 

MER'MaID, n. [Fr. mer, L. -mare, and maid.] A marine 
animal, said to resemble a woman in the upper parts of 
the body, and a fish in the lower part. The male is called 
tlie merman. 

MER'BlAlD'S TRUM'PET, ?!.. A kind of fish AinswortJi. 

ME'ROPS, n. A genus of birds called ■&ce-eafer5. 

MER'RI-LY, adv. With mirth ; with gayety and laughter ; 
jovially. Glanville. 

MER'RI-MAKE, n. A meeting for mirth ; a festival ; 
mirth. 

MER'RI-MAKE, v. i. To be mejry or jovial ; to feast. 

MER'RI-MENT, n. Mirth ; gayety witli laughter or noise ; 
noisy sports ; hilarity -, frolick. Milton. 

MER'RI-NESS, n. Mirth ; gayety with laughter. 

MER'RY, a. [Sax. mirige, m.yrig.] 1. Ga>y and noisy ; jo- 
vial ; exhilarated to laughter. 2. Causing la,ughter or 
mirth. 3. Brisk. 4. Pleasant : agreeable ; delightful. — 
To make merry, Xo be jovial j to indulge in hilarity ; to 
feast with mirth. Judges ix. 

MER'RY, n. The common, wild, red cherry. 

MER'RY-AN'DREW, n. A butfoon ; a zany ; one whose 
business is to make sport for others. 

MER'RY-MaK-ING, a. Producirg mirth. Hillhousc. 

MER'RY-MEET-ING, n. A festival ; a meeting for mirth. 

MER'RY-THOUGHT, n. The forked bone of a fowl's 
breast, which boys and girls break by pulling each one 
side ; the longest part broken betokening priority of mar- 
riage. Echard. 

MER'SION, 71. [li.mersio.] The act of sinking or plung- 
ing under water. 

MES-A-Ra'I€, a. [Gr. fjLeaafiaiov.] The same as mesenteric ; 
pertaining to the mesentery. 

ME-SEEjMS', verb impersonal. [7?i,J and seems.] It seems to 
me. It is used also in the past tense, meseemed. Spen- 
ser. 

MES-EN-TER'I€, a. Pertaining to the mesentery. 

MES'EN-TER-Y, 71. [Gr. ixcaevTspiov.] A fatty membrane 
placed in the middle of the intestines, and to which they 
are attached. 

MESH, 71. [W. masg ; G. masche.] 1. The opening or 
space between the threads of a net. 2. The grains or 
wash of a brewery. 

MESH, V. t. To catch in a net; to insnare. Drayton. 

MESHY, a. Formed like net-work ; reticulated. 

MES'LIN, 71. [Fr. rnesler, meler.] A mixture of diflferent 
sorts of gi-ain ; in America, a mixture of wheat and rye. 

MESNE, (meen) a. [Old Fr.] In la^o, middle ; interven- 
ing; as a vicsne lord, that is, a lord which holds land of 
a superior, but giants a part of it to another person. 

MES'0-€0-LON, n. [Gr. jxscjos, and colon.] In anatomy, 
a part of the mesentery. 

MES-0-LEu'GYS, n. TGr. fieffog and 'XevKog.] A precious 
stone with a streak of white in the middle. 

MES'0-LITE, n. A mineral of the zeolite family. 

MES-0-LOG'A-RITHM, n. [Gr. i^eoog, and logarithm.] A 
logarithm of the co-sines and co-tangents. Hai-ris. 

ME-SOM'E-LAS, n. [Gr. n(.(xog and /-ttXaj.] A precious 
stone. " 

7,IES'0-TYPE, n. [Gr. ixEaog and rvnog.] A mineral. 

t MES-PRlSE', 7*. Contempt ; a French word. 

MESS, n. \Fx.mets; Goth. 7?ies.] 1. A dish or a quanti- 
ty of food prepared or set on a table at one time. 2. A 
medley ; a mixed mass ; a quantity. 3. As much prov- 
ender or grain as is given to a beast at once. 4. A num- 
ber of persons who eat together; among seamen and 
soldiers. 

MES3,^•. i. 1. To eat; to feed. 2. To associate at the 
same table ; to eat in company, as seamen. 

MESS, V. t. To supply with a mess. 

MES'SAGE, 71. [Fr.] 1. Any notice, word or communica- 
tion, written or verbal, sent from one person to another. 
9. An official written communication of facts or opinions 
sent by a chief magistrate to the two houses of a legisla- 
ture or other deliberative body. 3. An official verba] 
communication from one branch of a legislature to the 
other. 



MES''SA-6ER, ) n. [Fr. messagcr.] 1. One who bears a 

MES'SEN-GER, ] message or an errand. 2. A harbinger 
a forerunner ; he or that which foreshows. 

MES-Si'AH, n. [Heb. pv^o, anointed.] Christ, the Anoint- 
ed ; the Savior of the world. 

MES-Sl'AH-SHIP, 71. The character, state or office of the 
Savior. Buckminster. 

*MES'SIEURS, (mesh'sheerz) 7?.. [Fr. ; plu. of monsieur, my 
lord.] Sirs ; gentlemen. 

MESS'-MATE, n. An associate in eating. 

MESS'UAGE, (mes'swaje) n. [from Old Fr. meson, meson- 
age.] In law, a dwelling-house and adjoining land, 
appropriated to the use of the household, including the 
adjacent buildings. 

ME-SYM'NI-€UM', n. A repetition at the end ot a stanza 

MET, n. A measure. Grose. 

MET, pret. and pp. of meet. 

ME-TAB'A-SIS, n. [Gr.] In r/teforxc, transition ; a pass- 
ing from one thing to another. 

ME-TAB'O-LA, n. [Gr. j-izra and poXrj.] In medicine, a 
cliange of air, time or disease. [L. u.] Diet. 

MET-A-€aRP'AL, a. Belonging to the metacarpus. 

MET-A-€ARP'IJS, n. [Gr. ixoTaKaptriov.] In anatomy, the 
part of the hand between the wrist and the fingers. 

ME-TA€H'RO-NISM, 7i. [Gr. ixera and %()ovof .] An error 
iji chronology, by placing an event after its real time. 

Mk'TAGE, n. Measurement of coal ; price of measuring. 

MET-A-GRAM'MA-TISM, n. [Gr. fJiETa and ypajxfia.] An- 
agrammatism, or metagrammatism, is a transposition of the 
letters of a name into such a connection as to express 
some perfect sense applicable to the person named. Canv- 
den. 

MET'AL, (met'tl) n. [Fr. ; 'h.metallum.] 1. A simple, fixed, 
shining, opake body or rmbstance, insoluble in water, fusi- 
ble by heat, a good conductor of heat and electricity, 
capable, when in the state of an oxyd, of uniting with 
acids and forming with them metallic salts. 2. Courage ; 
spirit; so v/ritten. by mistake, for mefiZe. 

MET-A-LEP'SIS, n. [Gr. utraXrincig.] In rhetoric, the con- 
tinuation of a trope in one word through a succession of 
significations. Bailey. 

MET-A-LEP'TI€, a. 1. Pertaining to a metalepsis or par- 
ticipation ; translative. 2. Transverse. 

MET-A-LEP'TI-CAL-LY, adv. By transposition. 

ME-TAL'LI€, a. [L. metaUicus.] Pertaining to a metal or 
metals ; c insisting of metal ; partaking of the nature of 
metals ; h te a metal. 

ME-TAL'Ll-CAL. The same as metallic. 

MET-AL-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [^L. metallum and fero.] Pro- 
ducing metals. Kirwan. 

ME-TAL'I,I-FORM, a. Having the form of metals ; like 
metal. Kirtcan. 

* MET'AL-LlNE, a. 1. Pertaining to a metal; consisting 
of metal. 2. Impregnated with m^tal. 

MET'AL-LIST, n. A worker in metals, or one skilled in 
metals. Moxov. 

MET-AL-LI-Za'TION, n. Tlie act or process of forming 
into a metal. 

MET'AL-LiZE, v. t. To fomi into metal ; to give to a sub- 
stance its proper metallic properties. 

MET-AL-LOG'RA-PHY, 77. [Gr.iJL£Ta\\ovandypa(t>ri'] An 
account or description of metals. 

MET'AL-LOID, n. [metal, and Gr. siSos.] A name some- 
times applied to the metallic bases of the alkalies and 
earths. 

MET-AL-LOID'AL, a. Having the form or appearance of 
a metal. 

MET'AL-LUR-GIC, a. Pertaining to metallurgy, or the art 
of working metals. 

* MET'AL-LUR-GIST, or MET-AL'LUR-GIST, n. One 
whose occupation is to work metals, or to purify, refine 
and prepare metals for use. 

* MET'AL-LUR-6Y, or MET-AL'LUR-GY, n. [Gr. jusraX- 
\ov and epyov.] The art of working metals, and separat- 
ing them from other matters in the ore. 

MET'AL-MAN, n. A worker in metals j a coppersmith or 
tinman. 

MET-A-MORPH'ie, or MET-A-MORPH'0-SI€, a. Chang- 
ing the form ; transforming. 

MET-A-MORPH'OSE, v. t. [Gr. /ifirajuop^ow.] To change 
into a different form ; to transform ; particularly, to 
change the form of insects, as from the larva to a winged 
animal. Dryden. 

MET-A-MORPH'0-SER, n. One that transforms or changes 
the shape. 

MET-A-MORPH'0-SING, ppr. Changing the shape. 

MET-A-MORPH'0-SIS, n. 1. Change of form or shape ; 
transformation ; particularly, a change in the form of be- 
ing. 2. Any change of form or shape. 

MET-A-MOR-PHOS'TI-€AL, a. Pertaining to or affected 
by metamorphosis. Pope. 

MET'A-PHOR, n. [Gr. iieTa(popa.] A short similitude ; a 



See Synopsi? MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ; BIJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z j CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



MET 



5'^ 



MEW 



sim:itude reduced to a single word ; or a word express- 
ing similitude without the signs of comparison. Thus 
" that man is a fox," is a metaphor ; but " that man is like 
a fox," is a simihtude. 

MET-A-PHOE,'I€, ) a. Pertaining to metaphor j com- 

MET-A-PHOR'I-€AL, J prising a metaphor ; not literal. 

MET-A-PHOR'I-eAL-LY, adv. In a metaphorical manner j 
not literally. 

MET'A-PHOR-IST, n. One that makes metaphors. 

MET'A-PHRASE, n, [Gr. fi£ra(Ppams.] A verbal transla- 
tion ; a version or translation of one language into another, 
word for word. 

MET'A-PHRAST, n. A person who translates from one 
language into another, word for word. 

MEt-A-PHRAS'TI€, a. Close or literal in translation. 

MET-A-PHYS'ie, ) a. 1. Pertaining or relating to met- 

MET-A-PHYS'I-€AL, \ aphysics. 2. According to rules 
or principles of metaphysics. 3 r'reternatural or super- 
natm-al ; [obs.] Sliak. 

MET-A-Pi3irS'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of meta- 
physical science. 

MET-A-PHY-Sl"CIAN, n. One who is versed in the science 
of metaphysics. 

MET-A-PHYS'I€3, ru [Gr. [i£Ta and cpvcnKn.] The sci- 
ence of the principles and causes of all things existing ; 
hence, i he science of mind or intelligence. 

MET'A-PLASM, yt. [Gr. iiCTairXaciios.] In grammar, a 
transmutation or change made in a word by transposing 
or retrenching a syllable or letter. 

ME-TAS'TA-SIS, n. [Gr. neTaaraais.] A translation or 
removal of a disease from one part to another, or such an 
alteration as is succeeded by a solution. 

MET-A-TaR'SAL, a. Belonging to the metatarsus. 

MET-A-TAR'SUS, n. [Gr. /zera and rapo-o?.] The middle 
of the foot, or part between the ankle and the toes. 

ME-TATH'E-SIS, n. [Gr. iieraOecns.] 1. Transposition ; 
a figure by which the letters or syllables of a word are 
transposed. — 2. In medicine, a change or removal of a mor- 
bid cause, without expulsion. 

METE, V. t. [Sax. metan, amctan, gemetan ; D. meeteii ; L. 
metior.] To measure 5 to ascertain quantity, dimensions or 
capacity by any rule or standard. [Obsolescent.] 

METE, n. [Sax, mitta.] Measure ; limit ; boundary ; used 
chiefly in the plural, in the phrase, metes and bounds. 

ME-TEMFSI-€HOSE, v. t. To translate from one body to 
another, as the soul. 

ME-TEMP-SY-€Ho'SIS, n. [Gr. /i£r£//t/.v;^;we7.;,] Trans- 
migration ; the passing of the soul of a man after death 
into some other animal body. 

ME-TEMP'TO-SIS, n. [Gr. fxera and rrtTrrw.] In chronology, 
the solar equation necessary to prevent the new moon 
from happening a day too late, or the suppression of the 
besextile once in 134 years. 

*Me'TE-OR, w. [Gr. //ETEwpof.] 1. In a general sense, a 
body that flies or floats in the air. 2. A fiery or luminous 
body or appearance flying or floating in the atmosphere, 
or in a more elevated region. 

ME-TE-OR'I€, a, 1. Pertaining to meteors; consisting of 
meteors. 2._ Proceeding from a meteor. 

f Me TE-0-RlZE, V. L To_ascend in vapors. Evelyn. 

Me'TE-O-RO-LiTE, or Me'T£-RO-LiTE, n. A meteoric 
stone ; called, also, aerolite. 

ME-TE-0-R0-L0G'I€, I a. Pertaining to the atmos- 

ME-TE-0-R0-L0G'I-€AL, \ phere and its phenomena. 

ME-TE-0-ROL'O-GIST, or ME-TE-ROL'0-GIST, n. A 
person skilled in meteors. Howell. 

ME-TE-O-ROL'O-GY, n. [Gr. //erewpos and \oyoi.] That 
science which treats of the atmosphere and its phenome- 
na- D. Olmsted. 

ME-TE-0-ROM'AN-CY, or ME-TE-ROM'AN-CY, n. [Gr. 
fiETEwpov and navTeia.] A species of divination by mete- 
ors, chiefly by thunder and lightning. 

ME-TE'O-ROS-eOPE, n. An instrument for taking the 
magnitude and distances of heavenly bodies. 

ME-TE-0-ROS'€0-PY, 71. [Gr. ix£tcu)(h>s and (tkotteu).] That 
part of astronomy which treats of sublime heavenly bodies, 
distance of stare, &c. 

ME-Te'O-ROUS, a. Having the nature of a meteor. 

Me'TER, 71. One who measures ; used in compounds. 

Me'TER. See Metre. 

Me'TER-LY, ado. Moderately. TVestm. dialect. Tolerably 
well. 

f MeTE'WAND, 71. [mete and wand.] A stafi" or rod of a 
certain length, used as a measure. Ascham. 

f MeTE'YARD, 71. [Sax. metgeard.] A yard, staflT or rod, 
used as a measure. 

ME-THEG'LIN, n. [W. mezyglin.] A liquor made of honey 
and water boUed and fermented, often enriched with 
spices. 

ME-THINKS', V. impers. ; pp. mcthought. [me and think.] It 
seems to me ; it appears to me ; I think. 

METII'OD, 71. [L. methodus.] 1. A suitable and conven- 



ient arrangement of things, proceedings or ideas, the nav- 
ural or regular disposition of separate things or parts. 2. 
Way ; manner. 3. Classification ; arrangement of natu- 
ral bodies according to their common characteristics. In 
natural arrangements, a distinction is sometimes made be- 
tween method and system. System is an arrangement 
founded, throughout all its parts, on some one principle 
Method is an arrangement less fixed and determinate, and 
founded on more general relations. 

ME-TH0D'I€, T a. Arranged in convenient order ; dis- 

ME-THOD T-€AL, ) posed in a just and natural manner, 
or in a manner to illustrate a subject, or to facilitate prac- 
tical operations. 

ME-TH0D'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a methodical manner ; ac- 
cording to natural or convenient order. 

METHOD-ISM, 71. The doctrines and worship of the sect 
of Christians called Methodists. 

METH'OD-IST, n. 1. One that observes method. 2. One 
of a sect of Christians, founded by John Wesley, and so 
called from the exact regularity of their lives, and the 
strictness of their principles and rules. 3. A physician 
who practices by method or theory. 

METH-0-DIS'TI€, > a. Resembling the Methodists; 

METH-O-DIS'Tl-CAL, \ partaking of the strictness of 
Methodists. Ch. Obs. 

METH'OD-IZE, v. t. To reduce to method ; to dispose in 
due order ; to arrange in a convenient manner. 

ME-THOUGHT' , pret. of methinks. It seemed to me ; 1 
thought. Milton. Dry den. 

Me'TIC, 71. [Gr. jUTOiKog.] In ancient Greece, a sojourner; 
a resident stranger in a Grecian city or place. 

fME-TieU-LOUS, a. [1,. meticulosus.] Timid. Coles. 

t ME-TIC'U-LOUS-LY, adv. Timidly. Brown. 

ME-TONIC-CY-CLE, ) The cycle of the moon, or peri- 

ME-T0N'I€-YeAR. \ od of nineteen years, in which 
the lunations of the moon return to the same days of the 
month ; so called from its discoverer, Jlfetori, the Athenian. 

MET-0-NYM'I€, ; a. Used by way of metonymy, by 

MET-0-NYM'I-€AL, \ putting one word for another. 

MET-0-NYM'I-€AL-LF, adv. By putting one word for 
another. 

* MET'O-NYM-Y, or ME-TON'0-MY, 71. [Gr. ^£Ta)vi;//t<2.] 
In rhetoric, a trope in which one word is put tor another; 
a change of names which have some relation to each other. 

MET'O-PE, 72. [Gr. lUTonrj,^ In architecture, the space 
between the triglyphs of the Doric frieze. 

MET-0-POS'€0-PiST, n. One versed in physiognomy. 

MET-O-POS'OO-PY, 71. [Gr. jxeTOiitov and aico-ireui.] The 
study of physiognomy. 

Me'TRE, ) 71. [Sax. meter ; Fr. metre. All the compounds 

Me'TER, i of this word are conformed to English orthog- 
raphy, as diameter, &c. The same would be desirable in 
the simple word.] 1. Measure ; verse ; arrangement of 
poetical feet, or of long and short syllables in verse. 2. A 
French measure of length equal to 39^^^ English inches. 

MET'Rl-eAL, a. [L. metncus ; Fr. mctrique.] 1. Pertain- 
ing to measure, or due arrangement or combination of 
long and short syllables. 2. Consisting of verses. 

mI'TRIST^^^'' i "• ^ ^"^^'^ ^^ verses. Bale. 
ME-TROL'0-GY, 71. [Gr. //crpoi/and \oyos.] I. A discourse 

on measmes or mensuration ; the description of measures. 

2. An account of measures, or the science of weights and 

measures. J. Q. Adams. 
ME-TROP O-LIS, n. [L. ; Gr. //TjrpoTroXtj.] The chief 

city or capital of a kingdom, state or country. 
MET-RO-POLT-TAN, a. Belonging to a metropolis, or to 

the mother church ; residing in the chief city. 
MET-RO-POL'I-T AN, n. The bishop of the mother church ; 

an archbishop. Clarendon. 
t ME-TROP'0-LITE, n. A metropolitan. 
MET-R0-P0L'I-TI€, ) a. Pertaining to a metropolis ; 
MET-R0-P0-LIT'I-€AL, \ archiepiscopal. 
MET'TLE, (met'tl) n. [usually supposed to be corrupted 

from ?ne£aZ.J Spirit; constitutional ardor; that tempera- 
ment which is susceptible of high excitement. 
MET'TLED, a. High-spirited ; ardent ; full of fire. 
MET'TLE-SoME, a. Full of spirit; possessing constitu 

tional ardor ; brisk ; fiery. Tatler. 
MET'TLE-S6ME-LY, adv. With sprightliness. 
MET'TLE-SoME-NESS, 71. The state of being high-^irited. 
MEW, 7?. [Sax. mmw ; J), meeuw ; G. mewe.] A sea-fowl 

of the genus larus ; a gull. 
MEW, n. [Fr. mue ; Arm. mui.] A cage for birds ; an in- 

closure ; a place of confinement. 
MEW, V. t. To shut up ; to inclose ; to confine, as in a 

case or other inclosure. Dry den. 
MEW, V. t. [W. miw ; It. miidare ; Fr. muer.] To shed or 

cast ; to change ; to molt. Dryden. 
MEW, V. i. ryV. mewian.] To cry as a cat. 
MEW, V. i. To change ; to pm; on a new appearance. 
MEWING, 2W- Casting the feathers or skin ; crying. 



Sec Synopsis. A, E, T, 0, U, "?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— t Obsolete. 



MID 



529 



MIG 



MEWL, V i. [Fr. miauler ; It. miagolare.] To cry or squall, 
as a child. Shak. 

MEWL'ER, n. One that squalls or mewls. 

MEYNT, a. Mingled. See Meine. 

ME-Ze'RE-ON, 71. A plant ; the spurge olive. 

MEZ'ZO, in music, denotes middle, mean. 

MEZ'ZO-RE-LIE'VO, ?t. nt. mezzoriUevo.] Middle relief. 

*MEZ-ZO-TINT'0,/i. [It.J A particular manner of engrav- 
ing or representation of figures on copper, in imitation of 
painting in Indian ink. 

*MI'ASM, )n. [Gr., from //tat vw.] Infecting substances 

MI-AS'MA, \ floating in the air ; the effluvia of any pu- 
trefying bodies, rising and floating in the atmosphere. 

MI-AS-MAT'I€, a. Pertaining to miasma j partaking of the 
qualities of noxious effluvia. 

Ml'€A, 71. [L. mica.] A mineral of a foliated structure, 
consisting of thin flexible lamels or scales, having a shin- 
ing surface. 

MI-Ca'CEOUS, a. Pertaining, to mica. 

MICA-REL, n. A species of argillaceous earth. 

MICE, plu. of mouse. 

Mi'€HA-EL-ITE, n. A subvariety of siliceous sinter. 

MI€H'AEL-MAS, (mik'el-mas) n. 1. The feast of St. Mi- 
chael, a festival of the Romish church, celebrated Sept. 
29. — 2. In colloquial language, autumn. 

MiCHE, V. i. 1. To lie hid ; to skulk ; to retire or shrink 
from view^. 2. To pilfer ; [obs.] Shak. 

* f MICH'ER, 71. One who skulks, or creeps out of sight ; a 
thief. Sidney. 

t MIOH'ER-Y, n. Theft ; cheating. Oower. 

MICH'ING, ^;?r. Retiring; skulking; creeping from sight ; 
mean; cowardly. [Vulgar.] 

f MI€'KLE, a. [Sax. micel, mucel ; Scot, myche, mekyl, muc- 
kle.] Much; great. [Retained in the Scottish language.] 

Mi'CO, 71. A beautiful species of monkey. 

*MI€'RO-€OSM, or Mt'CRO-COSM, ti. [Gr. [xiKpos and 
Koafios.] Literally, the little world; but used for man, 
supposed to be an epitome of the universe or great world. 
Swijt. 

MI-€RO-€OS'MI€ SALT, A triple salt of soda, ammonia 
and phosphoric acid, obtained from urine. Ure. 

MI-eRO-€OS'MI-eAL, a. Pertaining to the microcosm. 

MI-€RO-€OUS'TI€, n. [Gr. [iiKpos and okovo).] An in- 
strument to augment small sounds, and assist in hearing. 

* MI-€ROG'RA-PHY, 71. [Gr. /iiypos and ypaipui.] The de- 
scription of objects too small to be discerned without the 
aid of a microscope. 

MI-€ROM'E-TER, n. [Gr. /it/cpos and juerpov.] An instru- 
ment for measuring small objects or spaces. 

MI€'RO-PHONE, 71. [Gr. jxiKpog and ^lovij.] An instrument 
to augment small sounds ; a microcoustic. 

* MI€'RO-SeOPE, or Mi'€RO-S€OPE, n. [Gr. /ut/cpoj and 
cKOTTsio.] An optical instrument consisting of lenses or 
mirrors, which magnify objects, and thus render visible 
minute objects which cannot be seen by the naked eye, 
or enlarge the apparent magnitude of small visible bodies. 

MI-€RO-S€OP'I€, ) a. 1. Made by the aid of a micro- 

MI-€RO-SeOP'I-€AL, \ scope. Arbuthnot. 2. Assisted 
by a microscope. 3. Resembling a microscope ; capable 
of seeing small objects. 4, Very small ; visible only by 
the aid of a microscope. 

MI-€RO-S€OP'I-€AL-LY, adv. By the microscope ; with 
minute inspection. Qood. 

MI€-TU-Rl"TION, n. [L, micturio.] The act of making 
water, or passing the urine. Darwin. 

MID, a. [Sax. midd, midde.] 1. Middle ; at equal distance 
from extremes. 2. Intervening. 

Ml'DA^ n. [Gr. [JuSas.] A worm, or the bean-fly. Chambers. 

MID'-aGE, 71. The middle of life, or persons of that age. 

MID'-€oURSE, n. The middle of the course or way, 

MID'-DaY, a. Being at noon ; meridional. Addison. 

MID'-DaY, n. The middle of the day ; noon. Donne. 

MID'DEN, or MID'DING, n. A dunghill. Favour. 

tMID'DEST, a. superl. o( viid. Spenser. 

MID'DLE, (mid'dl) a. [Sax., D, middel ; G.mittel; Dan, 
middel.] 1. Equally distant from the extremes. 2. Inter- 
mediate ; intervening. 

x\IID'DLE, 71. 1. The point or part equally distant from the 
extremities. 2. The time that passes, or events that hap- 
pen between the beginning and the end. 

MID'DLE-aGED, a. Being about the middle of the ordina- 
ry age of man. 

t MID'DLE-EARTH, 71. [Sax. middan-eard.] The world 

MID'DLE-MoST, a. Being in the middle, or nearest the 
middle of a number of things that are near the middle. 

MID'DLE-WIT'TED, a. Of moderate abilities, /z. Walton. 

MID'DLING, a, [Sax. midlen.] Of middle rank, state, size 
or quality ; about equally distant from the extremes ; 
moderate. 

MID'DLING-LY, adv. Passably ; indifferently, Johnson. 

>■ MIDGE, n. [Sax. myge, mygge.] A gnat or flea. 

MID<-HEAV-EN, n. The middle of the sky or heaven. 



MID'LAND, a. 1. Being in the interior country ; distant 
from the coast or sea sliore. Hale. 2. Surrounded by the 
sea ; mediterranean. Dry den. 

MID'-LENT, 71. [Sax. midlencten.] The middle of lent. 

MID'LENT-ING, a. Going about to visit parents atmidlent. 

MID'LEG, n. Middle of the leg. Bacon. 

MID'MoST, a. Middle ; as, the midmost battles. Dryden. 

MID'JMIGHT, n. The middle of the night ; twelve o'clock 
at night. 

MID'NiGHT, a. I. Being in the middle of the night. Bacon. 
2. Dark as midnight ; very dark. 

MID'RIFF, 71. [Sa.x. vddhrife.] In anaiowiT/, the diaphragm. 
Quincy. 

MID'SeA, n. The Mediterranean sea. Dryden. 

MID'SHIP, a. Being in the middle of a ship. 

MID'SHIP-MAN, n. In ships of war, a kind of naval cadet, 
whose business is to second the orders of the superior offi- 
cers and assist in the necessary business of the ship, 

MID'SHIPS, adv. In the middle of a ship ; properly amid- 
ships. 

MIDST, n, [contracted from middest, the superlative of 
mid.] The middle, Dryden. The phrase in the midst often 
signifies involved in, surrounded or overwhelmed by. 

MIDST, prep. Poetically used for amidst. 

MIDST, adv. In the middle. Milton. 

MID'STReAM, 71. The middle of the stream. Dryden. 

MID'SUM-MER, 71. The middle of summer; the summer 
solstice, about the 21st of June. Sioift. 

t MID'WARD, adv. Midst. 

MID'WaY, n. The middle of the way or distance, 

MID'WaY, a. Being in the middle of the way or distance 

MID'WaY, adv. In the middle of the way ; half way, 

MID'WIFE, 71. [mid and wif.] A woman that assists other 
women in childbirth. 

MID'WIFE, V. i. To perform the office of midwife. 

MID'WIFE, V. t. To assist in childbirth. 

* MID'WIFE-RY, n. 1. The art or practice of assisting 
women in childbirth ; obstetrics. 2. Assistance at child- 
birth. 3. Help or cooperation in production. 

MID'-WIN-TER, 71. The middle of winter, or the winter 
solstice, December 21. 

MID '-WOOD, a. In the middle of the wood. Thomson. 

Mi'E-MITE, 7t. A mineral found at Miemo. 

MIeN, (meen) n. [Fr. mine ; Dan., Sw.mine ; Com.mein.] 
Look ; air ; manner ; external appearance ; carriage. Pope. 

MIFF, 71. A slight degree of resentment. [Colloquial.] 

MIFFED, a. Slightly off"ended. 

MIGHT, (mrte) pret. of may. 1. Had power or liberty. 
2. It sometimes denotes was possible, implying ignorance 
of the fact in the speaker. 

Might, (mite) n. [Sax. might, meht ; G. macht.] 1. 
Strength ; force ; power ; primarily and chiefly, bodily 
strength or physical power. 2. Political power or great 
achievements. 3. National strength ; physical power or 
military force. 4. Valor with bodily strength ; military 
prowess. 5. Ability ; strength or application of means. 
6. Strength or force of purpose. 7. Strength of affection. 
8. Strength of light ; splendor ; eff'ulgence. — With might 
and main, with the utmost strength, 

MiGHT'I-LY, adv. 1. With great power, force or strength ; 
vigorously. 2. Vehemently ; with great earnestness. S. 
Powerfully ; with great energy. 4, With great strength 
of argument. 5. With great or irresistible force ; greatly ; 
extensively. 6. With strong means of defense. 7. Great- 
ly ; to a great degree ; very much. 

MlGHT'I-NESS, n. 1. Power; greatness ; height of dignity. 
2. A title of dignity ; as, their High Mightinesses. 

MiGHT'Y, a. [Sax.mihtig.] L Having great bodily strength 
or physical power; very strong or vigorous. 2. Very 
strong ; valiant ; bold. 3. Very powerful ; having great 
command. 4. Very strong in numbers. 5. Very strong 
or great in corporeal power; very able. 6. Violent; very 
loud. 7. Vehement ; rushing with violence. 8. Very 
great ; vast. 9. Very great or strong. 10. Very forcible*; 
efficacious. 11. Very great or eminent in intellect or ac- 
quirements. 12. Great ; wonderful ; performed with great 
power. 13. Very severe and distressing. 14. Very great, 
l^arge or populous. 15. Important ; momentous. 

MiGHT'Y, adv. In a great degree ; very ; as, mighty wise. 

{Colloquial.] Prior. 
GN'IARD, (min'yard) a. [Fr. mignard.] Soft ; dainty ; 
delicate ; pretty. B. Jonson. 

MIGN-O-NETTE', (min-yo-nef) ) n. [Fr.] An annual 

MIG'0-NET, \ flower or plant of the 

genus reseda. 

Mi'GRATE, v. i. [L. migro ] 1. To pass or remove from 
one country or from one state to another, with a view to a 
residence. 2, To pass or remove from one region or dis- 
trict to another for a temporary residence. 

Mi'GRA-TING, ppr. Removing from one state to another 
for a permanent residence. 

MI-GRa'TION, n. [li. migratio.] 1. The act of removing 
from one kingdom or state to another, for the purpose of 
residence, 2. Change of place ; removal. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— B JJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J j $ as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. ^ Obsolete 



MIL 



530 



MIL 



MI'GRA-TO-RY, a. 1. Removing or accustomed to remove 
from one state or country to another for permanent resi- 
dence. 2. Roving ; wandering ; occasionally removing for 
pasturage. 3. Passing from one climate to another 5 as 
fowls. 

MILCH, a. [Sax. melee.] Giving milk. 

Mild, a. {SsLX.mild; G., D., Sw., Ban. mild.] 1. Soft; 
gently and pleasantly affecting the senses ; not violent. 
2. Not acrid, pungent, corrosive or drastic; operating 
gently ; not acrimonious ; demulcent ; mollifying ; leni- 
tive ; assuasive. 3. Tender and gentle in temper or dis- 
position j kind ; compassionate ; merciful ; clement ; in- 
dulgent ; not severe or cruel. 4. Not fierce, rough or an- 
gry ; as mild words. 5. Placid 3 not fierce ; not stern ; 
not frowning. 6. Not sharp, tart, sour or bitter ; moder- 
ately sweet or pleasant to the taste. 7. Calm ; tranquil 
8. Moderate ; not violent or intense. 

MIL'DEW, 71. [Sax. mildeaw.] I. Honey dew ; a thick, 
clammy, sweet juice, found on the leaves of plants. Hill. 
2. Spots on cloth or paper caused by moisture. 

MIL'DEW, V. t. To taint with mildew. Shak. 

MIL'DEWED, fp. Tainted or injured by mildew. 

MIL'DEW-ING, fpr. Tainting with mildew. 

MiLD'LY, adv. Softly ; gently ; tenderly ; not roughly or 
violently ; moderately. 

MiLD'NESS, 71. 1. Softness ; gentleness. 2. Tenderness ; 
mercy ; clemency. 3. Gentleness of operation. 4. Soft- 
ness ; the quality that affects the senses pleasantly. 5. 
Temperateness ; moderate state. 

MlLD-SPIR'IT-ED, a. Having a mild temper. 

MILE, n. [L. mille passus ; Sax., Sw. mil ; Fr. mille.] A 
measure of length or distance, containing 8 furlongs, 320 
rods, poles or perches, 1760 yards, 5280 feet, or 80 chains. 
The Roman mile was a thousand paces, equal to 1600 
yards, English measure. 

MiLE'ACfE, 71. Fees paid for travel by the mUe. 

MlLE'STONE, n. A stone set to mark the distance or space 
of a mile. 

MIL'FOIL, n. [L. millefolium,] A plant ; yarrow. 

MIL'IA-RY, (mil'ya-re) a. [Fr. miliaii-e ; 1,. milium.] 1. 
Resembling millet seeds. 2. Accompanied with an erup- 
tion like millet seeds. 

t MIL'ICE, for militia. 

MIL'IO-LITE, 71. Fossil remains of the miliola. 

MIL'I-TAN-CY, n. Warfare. [Little used.] Mountagu. 

MIL'I-TANT, a. [L. militans.] 1. Fighting ; combating ; 
serving as a soldier. Spenser. — 2. The church militant is 
the Christian church on earth, which is supposed to be 
engaged in a constant warfare against its enemies ; thus 
distinguished from the church triumphant, or in heaven. 
Hooker. 

jMIL'I-TAR, a. The same as military. 

MIL'I-TA-RI-LY, adv. In a soldierly manner. 

MIL'I-TA-RY, a. [Fr. militaire ; L. militaris.] 1. Pertaining 
to soldiers or to arms. 2. Engaged in the service of sol- 
diers or arms. 3. Warlike ; becoming a soldier. 4. De- 
rived from the services or exploits of a soldier. 5. Con- 
formable to the customs or rules of armies or militia. 6. 
Performed or made by soldiers. — Military tenure, a tenure 
of land, on condition of performing military service. 

MIL'I-TA-RY, n. The whole body of soldiers ; soljliery ; 
militia ; an army. Mitford. 

MIL'I-TATE, V. i. [L. milito.] To militate against, is to op- 
pose ; to be or to act in opposition. Smollett. 

MI-Ll"TIA, n. [L.] The body of soldiers in a state enrolled 
for discipline, but not engaged in actual service except in 
emergencies. 

MILK, 7J. [Sax. melee; G. milch ; B. mclk.] 1, A white 
fluid or liquor, secreted by certain glands in female ani- 
mals, and drawn from the breasts for the nourishment of 
their young. 2. The white juice of certain plants. 3. 
Emulsion made by bruising seeds. 

MILK, V. t. [Sax. melcan, meoleian ; G., D. melken.] 1. To 
draw or press milk from the breasts by the hand. 2. To 
suck ; [obs.] 

t MILK'EN, a. Consisting of milk. Temple. 

MILK'ER^ 71. One that milks. 

MILK'-Fe-VER, n. A fever which accompanies the first 
flowing of milk in females after childbirth. 

MILK'-HED6E, n. A shrub growing on the Coromandel 
coast, containing a milky juice. 

MILK'I-NESS, 71. aualities like those of milk ; softness. 

MILK'-LIV-ERED, a. Cowardly ; timorous. Shak. 

MILK'MaID, 71. A woman that milks or is employed in the 
dairy. 

MILK'MAN, 71. A man that sells milk. 

MILK'PaIL, 71. A pail which receives the milk drawn from 
cows. 

MILK PAN, n. A pan in which milk is set. 

MILK'POR-RIDGE, ) n. A species of food composed of 

MILK'POT-TAGE, \ milk, or milk and water, boiled 
with meal or flour. 

MILK'SCORE, 71. An account of milk sold or purchased in 
email quantities, scored or marked. 



MILK'SOP, 71. A soft, effeminate, feeble-minded man 

MILK'-THIS-TLE, n. A plant of the genus carduus. 

MILK'TOOTH, n. The fore tooth of a foal, which is cast 
within two or three years. Far. Diet. 

MILK'-TRE-FOIL, n. A plant, the cytisus. Johnson. 

MILK'-VETCH, 71. A plant of the genus astragalus. 

MILK'-WoRT, 71. A plant of the genus euphorbia ; spurge 

MILK'- WEED, 71. A plant, the asclepias Syriaca. 

MILK'-WHITE, a. White as milk. Dryden. 

MILK'-WOM-AN, n. A Avoman that sells milk. 

MILK'Y, a. 1. Made of milk. 2. Resembling milk. 3 
Yielding niilk. 4. Soft ; mild ; gentle ; timorous. 

MILK'Y-WaY, n. The galaxy ; a broad, luminous path or 
circle in the heavens. 

MILL, 71. [L. mille.] A money of account of the United 
States, value the tenth of a cent, or the thousandth of a 
dollar. 

MILL, n. [Sax. miln ; W. melin ; Ir. meile.] 1. A compli- 
cated engine or machine for grinding and reducing to fine 
particles grain, fruit or other substance, or for performing 
other operations by means of wheels and a circular mo- 
tion. 2. The house or building that contains the ma- 
chinery for grinding, &c. 

MILL, V. t. 1. To grind ; to comminute ; to reduce to fine 
particles or to small pieces. 2. To beat up chocolate. 3. 
To stamp coin. 4. To full, as cloth. 

MILL'COG, 71. The cog of a mill-wheel. Mortimer. 

MILL'DAM, 71. A dam or mound to obstruct a water-course, 
and raise the water to an altitude sufiicient to turn a mill- 
wheel. 

MILL'HORSE, 71. A horse that turns a mill. 

MILL-MOUNT'AINS, n. An herb. Ainsworth. 

MILL'POND, n. A pond or reservoir of water raised for 
driving a mill-wheel. 

MILL'RACE, 71. The current of water that drives a mill- 
wheel, or the canal in which it is conveyed. 

MILL'-SIX-PENCE, n. An old English coin. Douce. 

MILL'STONE, n. A stone used for grinding grain. 

MILL'-TOOTH, n. ; plu. Mill-teeth. A grinder, dens 
molaris. 

MIL-LE-Na'RI-AN, a. [Fr. millenaire.] Consisting of a 
thousand years ; pertaining to the isaillenium. 

MIL-LE-Na'RI-x-^N, n. A chiliast ; one who believes in the 
millenium. 

MlL'LE-NA-RY, a. [Fr. millenaire.] Consisting of a thou- 
sand. Arbuthnot. 

MIL-LEN'-NI-AL, a. Pertaining to the millenium, or to a 
thousand years. Burnet. 

t MIL'LE-NIST, n. One who holds to the millenium. 

MIL-LEN'-NI-UM, n. [L. mille axiAannus.] A thousand 
years ; a word used to denote the thousand years men- 
tioned in Revelation xx., during whicli period Satan 
shall be bound, and restrained from seducing men to sin, 
and Christ shall reign on earth with his saints. 

MIL'LE-PED, 71. [L. mille and pes.] The wood-louse, an 
insect having many feet, a species of oniseus. 

MIL'LE-PORE, n. [L. mille anAporus.] A genus of litho- 
phytes or polypiers of various forms. 

MIL'LE-PO-RlTE, n. Fossil millepores. 

MILL'ER, n. [from mill.] 1. One whose occupation is to 
attend a grist-mill. 2. An insect. 

MILL'ER'S-THUMB, n. A small fish. 

MIL-LES'I-MAL, a. [L. millesimus.] Thousandth ; con- 
sisting of thousandth parts. Watts. 

MIL'LET, 71. [Fr. millet, or mil.] A plant. 

MILL'IA-RY, a. [L. milliarium.] Pertaining to a mile ; de- 
noting a mile ; as, a milliary column. D^Anville. 

MIL'Iil-GRAM, n. [L. mille, and Gr. j/pa///ia.] In the sys- 
tem of French weights and measures, the thousandth part 
of a gram. 

MIL'LI-LIT-ER, n. [L. mille, and liter.] A French measure 
of capacity containmg the thousandth part of a liter. 

MIL-LIM'E-TER, n. [L. mille and metrum.] A French lin- 
eal measure containing the thousandth part of a metre 

MIL'LI-NER, 71. [Johnson supposes this word to be Milaner, 
from Milan, in Italy.] A woman who makes and sells 
head-dresses, hats or bonnets, &c. for females. 

MIL'LI-NER-Y, n. The articles made or sold by milliners, 
as head-dresses, hats or bonnets, laces, ribbons and the 
like. 

MILL'ION, (mil'yun) n. [Fr. million ; It. milione.] 1. The 
number often hundred thousand, or a thousand thousand. 
It is used as a noun or an adjective. — 2. In common usage, 
a very great number, indefinitely. 

MILL'ION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to millions ; consisting of 
millions. Pinkerton. 

t MILL'IONED, a. Multiplied by millions. Shak. 

MILL'IONTH, a. The ten hundred thousandth. 

MILL-ReA', ) n. A coin of Portugal of the value of 124 

MILL-REE', \ cents. 

MILT, n. [Sax., Dan., B.milt.] 1. In anatomy, the spleen, 
a viscus situated in the left hypochondrium under the 
diaphragm. 2. The soft roe of fishes, or the spermatic 
part of the males. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT j— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. 



MIN 



531 



MIN 



MILT, V. t. To impregnate the roe or spawn of the female 

fish. Johnson. 
MILT'ER, n. A male fish. Walton. 
MlLT'WoUT, n. A plant of the genus asplenium. 
f MIME, 71 LA buffoon. 2. A kind of dramatic farce. 

t MIME, V. i. To mimic, or play the buffoon. See Mimic. 

t Mi'MER, n. A mimic. See Mimic. 

MI-Me'SIS, 71. [Gr.] In rhetoric, imitation of the voice or 
gestures of another. Encyc. 

MI-MET'ie, I a. [Gr. fJUfiriTiKos.] Apt to imitate ; given 

MI-MET'I-€AL, \ to aping or mimicry. 

MIM'I€, / a. [L. mimicus.] 1. Imitative ; inclined to 

MIM'I-€AL, ) imitate or to ape ; having the practice or 

habit of imitating. 2. Consisting of imitation. 
MIM'ie, n. 1. One who imitates or mimics ; a buffoon who 
attempts to excite laughter or derision by acting or speak- 
ing in the manner of another. 2. A mean or servile im- 
itator. 

MIM'I€K, V. t. To imitafe or ape for sport ; to attempt to 
excite laughter or derision by acting or speaking like an- 
other ; to ridicule by imitation. 

MIM'IC-RY, n. Ludicrous imitation for sport or ridicule, 

MI-MOG'RA-PHER, n. [Gr. /Kt/zoj and ypacpu).] A writer 
of farces. 

Mi'NA, n. [L. mina.l A weight or denomination of money. 

t MIN^A-CER, n. A threatener. 

MI-Na'CIOUS, a, [L. minax.] Threatening ; menacing. 

MI-NAC'I-TY, n. Disposition to threaten. [Little used.] 

fMIN'A-CY, w. Threat 5 menace. Hacket. 

MIN'A-RET, n. [W. mion.'] A small spire or steeple, or 
spire-like ornament in Saracen architecture. 

t MIN-A-To'RI-AL-LY, adv. With threats. Hacket. 

* MIN'A-TO-RY, a. Threatening ; menacing. Bacon. 

MINCE, (mins) v. t. [Sax. minsian ; W. main ; Fr. vienu, 
mince. \ 1. To cut or chop into very small pieces. 2. To 
diminish in speaking ; to retrench, cut off or omit a part 
for the purpose of suppressing the truth ; to extenuate in 
representation. 3. To speak with affected softness ; to 
clip words ; not to utter the full sound. 4. To walk with 
short or diminished steps. 

MiNCE, V. i. 1. To walk with short steps ; to walk with 
affected nicety ; to affect delicacy in manner. 2. To 
speak softly, or with affected nicety. 

MiNCED,_p/7. Cut or chopped into very small pieces. 

MiNCE-PlE, \n. A pie made with minced meat and 

MiNCED-PiE, \ other ingredients. 

MIN'CING, ppr. Cutting into small pieces; speaking or 
walking affectedly. 

MIN'CING-LY, adv. In small parts ; not fully. 

MiND, n. \^diX. gemind, gemynd ; Ji-AXi. minde.] I. Inten- 
tion ; purpose ; design, 2. Inclination ; will ; desire. 3. 
Opinion. 4. Memory ; remembrance. 5. The intellect- 
ual or intelligent power in man ; the understanding ; the 
power that conceives, judges or reasons. 6. The heart or 
seat of affection. 7. The will and affection. 8. The 
implanted principle of grace. Rom. vii. 

MIND, V. t. 1. To attend to ; to fix the thoughts on ; to re- 
gard with attention. 2. To attend to or regard with sub- 
mission ; to obey. 3. To put in mind ; to remind ; [ohs.'] 
4. To intend ; to mean. 

t MIND, V. i. To be inclined, or disposed to incline. 

MiND'ED, a. Disposed ; inclined. Tillotson. 

MiND'ED-NESS, n. Disposition ; inclination towards any 
thing. Milner. 

MiND'FILL-ING, a. Filling the mind. Mitford. 

MiND'FUL, a. Attentive ; regarding with care ; bearing in 
mind ; heedful ; observant, 

MiND'FUL-LY, adv. Attentively ; heedfully. 

MiND'FUL-NESS, n. Attention ; regard ; heedfulness. 

MIND'ING,2>^r. Regarding: heeding. 

MIND ING, 71. Regard. 

MiND'LESS, a. 1. Inattentive ; heedless ; forgetful ; neg- 
ligent ; careless. 2. Not endued with mind or intellectu- 
al powers. 3. Stupid ; unthinking. 

t MiND'-STRICK-EN, a. Moved ; affected in mind. 

MINE, a. called sometimes apronominal adjective. [Sax., 
Sw., Dan, min ; Goth, meins ; Fr. man ; D. myn ; G. 
mein.] My ; belonging to me. Jt was formerly used before 
nouns beginning with vowels ; as, " I kept myself from 
mine iniquity." Mine sometimes supplies the place of a 
noun ; as, your sword and mine are different in construc- 
tion. 

MINE, 71. [Fr. miiie.] 1. A pit or excavation in the earth, 
from which metallic ores, mineral substances and other 
fossil bodies are taken by digging.— 2. In the military art, 
a subterraneous canal or passage dug under the wall or 
rampart of a fortification, where a quantity of powder 
may be lodged for blowing up the works. 3. A rich 
source of wealth or other good. 

MINE, V. i. 1, To dig a mine or pit in the earth. 2. To 
form a subterraneous canal or hole by scratching ; to form 
a burrow or lodge in the earth, as animals. 3. To prac- 
tice secret means of injury. 



MINE, V. t. To sap ; to undermine ; to dig away or other- 
wise remove the substratum or foundation ; to ruin or de- 
stroy by slow degrees. 

MiNE'-DIG-GER, n. One that digs mines. 

MiN'ER, n. 1. One that digs for metals and other fossils. 

2. One who digs canals or passages under the walls of a 
fort, &c. 

MIN'ER-AL, 71. [F., Sp. jnmeraL] A body destitute of or- 
ganization, and which naturally exists within the earth 
or at its surface. 

MIN'ER-AL, a. L Pertaining to minerals ; consisting of 
fossil substances. 2. Impregnated with minerals or fossil 
matter. 

MIN'ER-AL-IST, n. One versed or employed in minerals. 

MIN-ER-AL-I-Za'TION, 7^, 1, The process of forming an 
ore by combination with another substance. 2 The 
process of converting into a mineral, as a bone or a plant. 

3. The act of impregnating with a mineral, as water. 
MIN'ER-AL-iZE, v. t. 1. In mineralogy, to combine with 

a metal in forming an ore or mineral. 2. To convert into 
a mineral. 3. To impregnate with a mineral substance. 

MIN'ER- AL-lZED, pp. 1. Deprived of its usual properties 
by being combined with another substance or formed into 
an ore. 2. Converted into a mineral. 3. Impregnated 
with a mineral. 

MIN'ER-AL-lZ-ER, n. A substance which mineralizes an- 
other or combines with it in an ore. 

MIN-ER-A-LOGiI-CAL, a. Pertaining to the science of 
minerals. 

MIN-ER-A-L06'I-CAL-LY, ad-v. According to mineralogy, 

'MIN-ER-AL'0-GIST, n. One who is versed in the science 
of minerals, or one who treats or discourses of the proper- 
ties of mineral bodies. 

MIN-ER-AL'O-GY, n. [mineral, and Gr. \oyo?.'\ The sci- 
ence which treats of the properties of mineral substances, 
and teaches us to characterize, distinguish and class them 
according to their properties. 

t MING, v. t. To mingle ; to mix ; to remind ; to mention j 
to call to remembrance. Bp. Hall. 

MIN'GLE, V. t. [Sax. mengan, or r'nencgan.] 1, To mix; to 
blend ; to unite in one body. 2 To mix or blend without 
order or promiscuously. 3. To compound ; to unite in a 
mass, as solid substances. 4. To join in mutual inter- 
course or in society. 5. To contaminate ; to render im- 
pure ; to debase by mixture. 6. To confuse. 

MIN'GLE, V. i. To be mixed ; to be united with. 

t MIN'GLE, 71. Mixture ; medley ; promiscuous mass 

MIN'GLED, pp. Mixed ; united promiscuously. 

MIN'GLED-LY, adv. Confusedly. Barret. 

MIN'GIiE-MAN'GLE, n. A medley ; a hotch-potch. Hooker 

MIN'GLER, n. One that mingles, 

MIN'GLING,ppr. Mixing ; uniting without order. 

MIN;IARD, (min'yard) a. [Fr. mignard.] Soft ; dainty. 
[Little used,] 

MIN'IARD-iZE, v. t. To render soft, delicate or dainty. 

MIN'IATE, v. t. [It, miniare.] To paint or tinge with ver- 
milion, 

* MIN'IA-TURE, n. [It., Sp, miniatura.] 1. A painting in 
water colors on vellum, ivory or paper, with points or 
dots ; sometimes in oil colors. The term is usually appli- 
ed to portraits painted on a very small scale. 2. A picture 
or representation in a small compass, or less than the real- 
ity. 3. Red letter; rubric distinction. 

MIN'I-KIN, a. [qu. W. main.] Small ; diminutive ; v^ed 
in slight contempt. 

MIN'1-KIN, n. 1. A small sort of pins, 2, A darling ; a fa- 
vorite. See Minion, 

MIN'IM, n. [W, main.] 1. A little man or being ; a dwarf 
2. One of a certain reformed order of Franciscans or Miyi- 
imi. 3. A note in music, equal to half a semibreve or two 
crotchets. 4. A short poetical encomium ; [obs.] 5. A 
small fish. 

jMIN'I-MENT, n. [fiora muniment.] Proof; testimony, 
Spenser. 

MIN'I-MUM, 71. [L.] The least quantity assignable in a 
given case. Encyc. 

MIN I-MTJS, 71. [L.] A being of the smallest size. 

MiN'ING, ppr. 1, Digging into the earth, as for fossils and 
minerals ; sapping. 2. a. Designating the business of dig- 
ging mines. 

t MIN'ION, a. Fine ; trim ; dainty, 

MIN'ION, (min'yun) n. [Fr. 7nignon.] A favorite ; adarling; 
particularly, the favorite of a prince, on whom he lavish- 
es his favors ; one who gains favors by flattery or mean 
adulation. 

MIN'ION, 71. [W, main.] A small kind of printing types. 

MIN'ION-ING, n. Kind treatment, Marston. 

MIN'ION-SHl'p, n. State of being a minion, 

MIN'IOUS, 71. [from L. minium.] Of the color af red lead 

or vermilion. Brown. 
t MIN'ISH, v. t. [L. minuo.] To lessen ; to diminish. 



See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE — € as K ; aa J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



MIN 



5^2 



MIR 



MIN'IS-TER, n. [L.] 1. P7-o;>er%, a chief servant ; hence, 
an agent appointed to transact or manage business under 
the authority of another. 2. One to whom a king or 
prince intrusts the direction of affairs of state. 3. A 
magistrate ; an executive officer. 4. A delegate ; an em- 
bassador ; the representative of a sovereign at a foreign 
court. 6. One who serves at the altar ; one who performs 
sacerdotal duties ; the pastor of a church. 6. Christ is 
called a minister of the sanctuary. Heb. viii. 7. An angel ; 
a messenger of God. 

MIN'IS-TER, V. t. [L. rninistro.] To give ; to afford ; to 
supply. 

MIN'IS-TER, u. i. I. To attend and serve ; to perform ser- 
vice in any office, sacred or secular. 2. To afford sup- 
plies ; to give things needful ; to supply the means of re- 
lief; to relieve. 3. To give medicines. 

MIN'I.S-f ERED, pp. Served ; afforded ; supplied. 

MIN-IS-Te'RI-AL, a. 1. Attending for service ; attendant ; 
acting at command, 2. Acting under superior authority ; 
pertaining to a minister. 3. Pertaining to executive offi- 
ces, as distinct from judicial. 4. Sacerdotal ; pertaining 
to ministers of the gospel. 5. Pertaining to ministers of 
state. 

MIN-IS-Te'RI-AL-LY, adv. In a ministerial manner. 

MIN'IS-TER-ING, ppr. 1. Attending and serving as a subor- 
dinate agent ; serving under superior authority. Heb. i. 
2. Affording aid or supplies ; administering things needful. 

MIN'IS-TER-Y. See Ministry. 

MIN'IS-TRAL, a. Pertaining to a minister. [Little used.] 

MIN'IS-TRANT, a. Per-forming service as a minister ; at- 
tendant on service ; acting under command. 

MIN-IS-TRa'TION, n. [h. ministratlo.] I. The act of per- 
forming service as a subordinate agent ; agency ; inter- 
vention for aid or service. 2. Office of a minister ; ser- 
vice ; ecclesiastical function. 

MIN'IS-TRESS, 71. A female that ministers. Akenside. 

MIN'IS-TRY, m. [L. minister ium.] 1. The office, duties 
or functions of a subordinate agent of any kind. 2. Agen- 
cy ; service ; aid ; interposition ; instrumentality. 3. Ec- 
clesiastical function ; agency or service of a minister of 
the gospel or clergyman in the modern church, or of 
priests, apostles and evangelists in the ancient, .^cts i. 
4. Time of ministration ; duration of the office of a minis- 
ter, civil or ecclesiastical. 5. Persons who compose the 
executive government or the council of a supreme magis- 
trate 5 the body of ministers of state. 6. Business ; em- 
ployment. 

MIN'IS-TRY-SHIP, for ministry, is little used and hardly 
proper. Swift. 

MIN'I-UM, n. [L.] The red oxyd of lead. Fourcroy. 

MINK, n. An American quadruped. Belknap. 

MIN'NO€, used by Shakspeare, is supposed by Johnson to 
be the same as minx. Q,u. mimic. 

MIN'NoW, or MIN'oW, a. [Fr. menu, small.] A very 
small fish, a species of cyvrinus. Walton. 

Mi'NOR, a. [L.] I. Less"; smaller; sometimes applied to 
the bulk or magnitude of a single object. — 2. In music, 
less or lower by a lesser semitone. — Asia Minor, the Les- 
ser Asia, that part of Asia which lies between the Euxine 
on the north, and the Mediterranean on the south. 

Mi'NOR, n. I. A. person of either sex under age. — 2. In 
logic, the second proposition of a regular syllogism. 3. A 
Minorite, a Franciscan friar. 4. A beautiful bird of the 
East Indies. 

t MI'NOR- ATE, V. t. To diminish. 

MI-NOR-a'TION, n. A lessening ; diminution. 

Mi'NOR-ITE, n. A Franciscan friar. 

MI-NOR'I-TY, n. [Fr. minorite.] 1. The state of being un- 
der age. 2. The smaller number. 

MIN'O-TAUR, n. [Fr. minotaure ; L. minotaurus.] A fa- 
bled monster, half man and half bull. 

MIN'STER, n. [Sax. minstre, or mynster.] A monastery ; 
an ecclesiastical convent or fraternity ; a cathedral church. 

MIN'STREL, 71. [Fr. menetrier, for menestrier ; Sp. minis- 
tril.] A singer and musical performer on instruments. 

MIN'STREL-SY, n. 1. The arts and occupations of min- 
strels ; instrumental music. 2. A number of musicians. 

MINT, 71. [Sax. mynet ; D. m.unt, mint.] 1. The place 
where money is coined by public authority. 2. A place 
of invention or fabrication. 3. A source of abundant sup- 
ply. 

MINT, v.t. [Sax. mynetian.] 1. To coin; to make and 
stamp money. 2. To invent ; to forge ; to fabricate. 

MINT, n. [Sax. mint.] A plant. 

MINT'AGE, 71. 1. That which is coined or stamped. Mil- 
ton. 2. The duty paid for coining. 

MINT^ER, 71. A coiner ; also, an inventor. 

MINT'MAN, 71. A coiner ; one skilled in coining or in coins. 

MINT'MaS-TER, n. 1. The master or superintendent of a 
mint. 2. One who invents or fabricates. 

MIN'U-END, n. [L. minuendus.] In arithmetic, the number 
from which another number is to be subtracted. 

MIN'U-ET, 71. [Sp. minueto ; Fr. menuet.] 1. A slow, 
graceful dance, consisting of a coupee, a high step and a 



balance. 2. A tune or air to regulate the movements in 
the dance so called ; a movement of three crotchets ot 
three quavers in a bar. 

MIN'UM, 71. [from W. main ; Fr. menu.] 1. A small kind 
of printing types ; now written minion. 2. A note of 
slovv; time containing two crotchets ; now written minim. 

MI-NuTE', a. [L. 7iiinutus.] 1. Very small, little or slen- 
der ; of very small bulk or size ; small in consequence. 2. 
Attending to small things ; critical. 

* MIN'UTE, (min'it) n. [L. minutum.] 1. A small portion 
of time or duration, being the sixtieth part of an hour.— 

2. In geometry, the sixtieth part of a degree of a circle. — 

3. In architecture, the sixtieth, but sometimes the thirti 
eth part of a module. 4. A space of time indefinitelj 
small. 5. A short sketch of any agreement or other sub 
ject, taken in writing ; a note to preserve the memory ol 
any thmg. 

* MIN'UTE, (min'it) v. t. To set down a short sketch o) 
note of any agreement or other subject in Vv^riting. 

MIN'UTE-BOOK, n. A book of short hints. 
MIN'UTE-GLASS, n. A glass, the sand of which measure.? 

a minute. 
MIN'UTE-GUNS, n. Guns discharged every minute. 
MIN'UTE-HAND, n. The hand that points to the mmutes 

on a clock or watch. 
MIN'UTE-JA€K, n. Another name for Jack of the clock- 



MI-NuTE'LY, adv. To a small point of time, space or mat- 
ter; exactly ; nicely. 

MIN'UTE-LY, (min'it-ly) a. Happening every minute. 

MIN'UTE-LY, adv. Every minute ; with very little time 
intervening. Hainmond. 

MI-NuTE'NESS, n. 1. Extreme smallness, fineness or 
slenderness. 2. Attention to small things ; critical exact- 
ness. 

MIN'UTE- WATCH, n. A watch that distinguishes minutes 
of time, or on which minutes are marked. 

MI-Nu'TIiE, 71. [L.] The smaller particulars. 

MINX, 71. [qu. minnoc] 1. A pert, wanton girl. Shak. 2 
A she-puppy. 

Mi'NY, a. 1. Abounding with mines. 2. Subterraneous. 

t Mi'RA-BLE, a. Wonderful. Shak. 

MlR'A-€LE, n. [Fr. ; L. miraculum.] 1. A wonder, or 
wonderful thing. — 2. In theology, an event or effect con- 
trary to the established constitution and course of things, 
or a deviation from the known laws of nature ; a super- 
natural event. 3. Anciently, a spectacle or dramatic repre- 
sentation exhioiting the lives of the saints, 

t MiR'A-€LE, v. t. To make wonderful. Shak. 

MiR'A-€LE-M6N'GER, 7!. An impostor who pretends to 
work miracles. HalhjiDcll. 

MI-RA€'U-LOUS, a. 1. Performed supematurally, or by a 
power beyond the ordinary agency of natural laws ; ef- 
fected by the direct agency of almighty power. 2. Su- 
pernatural ; furnished supematurally, or competent to 
perform miracles. — 3. In a less definite sense, wonderful ; 
extraordinary. 

MI-RA€'U-LOUS-LY, adv. 1. By miracle ; supematurally. 
2. Wonderfully ; by extraordinary means. 

MI-RA€'U-LOUS-NESS, n. The state of being effected by 
miracle or by supernatural agency. 

MIR-A-DoR', 7*. [Sp.] A balcony or gallery commanding 
an extensive view. Drydcn. 

MT-RXGE', (me-razhe') n. An optical illusion, which is 
produced by a refraction of the atmosphere, and which 
frequently tantalizes the eye of the thirsty traveler, when 
passing over burning deserts, with the image of water. 

MIRE, 71. Deep mud ; earth so wet and soft as to yield to 
the feet and to wheels. 

MIRE, V. t. 1. To plunge and fix in mire ; to set or stall in 
mud. 2. To soil or daub with mud or foul matter. 

MIRE, V. i. To sink in mud, or to sink so deep as to be un- 
able to move forward. 

MIRE, n. An ant. See Pismire. 

MlRE'-€RoW, n. The sea-crow or pewit gull. 

MiR'I-NESS, 71. The state of consisting of deep mud. 

t MiRK, a. [Sax. mirce.] Dark. See Murky. 

MiRK'SoME, a. Dark ; obscure. See Murky. 

MiRK'SoME-NESS, n. Obscurity. See Murky. 

MIRK'Y, a. Dark ; wanting light. 

MiR'ROR, n. [Fr.miroir.] 1. A looking-glass ; any glass 
or polished substance that forms images by the reflection 
of rays of light. 2. A pattern ; an exemplar ; that on 
which men ought to fix their eyes ; that which gives a 
true representation. 

t MIR'ROR-STONE, 7i. A bright stone. 

MiRTH, 71. [Sax. mirht, myrhth.] Social merriment ; hilar- 
ity ; high excitement of pleasurable feelings in company , 
noisy gayety ; jollity. 

MiRTH'FUL, a. Merry ; jovial ; festive. Prior. 

MiRTH'FiJL-LY, adv. In a jovial manner. 

MiRTH'LESS, a. Without mirth or hilarity. 

MiR'Y, a. 1. Abounding with deep mud ; full of mire. Gay 
2. Consisting of mire. Shak. 



* See Synopsis a % I, O, U, Y, lon^.—F^R. FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete 



MIS 



533 



MIS 



i^IS, a prefix, denotes error, or erroneous, wrong, from the 
verb miss, to err, to go wrong, Goth, inissa ; Sax. mis, 
from missian, to err, to deviate or wander. 

M1S-A€-CEP-Ta'TION, n. The act of taking or under- 
standing in a wrong sense. 

MIS-AD-VENT'URE, n. 1, Mischance 5 misfortune; ill 
luck ; an unlucky accident. — 2. In law, homicide by mis- 
adventure is when a man, doing a lawful act, without 
any intention of injury, unfortunately kills another. 

MIS-AD-VENT'URED, a. Unfortunate. Shak. 

MIS-AD-VIS'ED, (mis ad-vizd') a. Ill-advised : ill-directed. 

MIS-AF-FEeT', V. t. To dislike. * 

MIS-AF-FECT'ED, a. Ill-disposed. 

MIS-AF-FiRM , V. t. To affirm incorrectly. 

MIS-aIM'ED, (mis-amd') a. Not rightly aimed or directed. 

MIS-AL-LED6E', (mis-al-Iej') v. t. To state erroneously. 

MIS-AL-LE-Ga'TION, n. Erroneous statement. 

MIS-AL-Ll'ANCE, n. Improper association. 

MIS-AL-Ll'ED, (mis-al-lide') a. Ill-allied or associated. 

MIS'AN-THRoPE, or MIS-AN'THRO-PIST, u. [Gr. /^crai/- 
Qody-Kog.] A hater of mankind. Swift. 

MIS-AN-THROP'I€, or MIS-AN-THROP'I-€AL, a. Hating 
or having a dislike to mankind. 

MIS-AN'THRO-POS, n. A hater of mankind. 

MIS-AN'THRO-PY, n. Hatred or dislike to mankind. 

MIS-AP-PLI-€a'TION, n. A wrong application ; an appli- 
cation to a_ wrong person or purpose. 

MIS-AP-PLi'ED, (mis-ap-pllde') ■pp. Applied to a wrong 
person or purpose. 

MIS-AP-PLY', V. t. To apply to a wrong person or purpose. 

MIS-AP-PLY'ING, ppr. Applying to a wrong person or pur- 
pose. 

MIS-AP-PRE-HEND', v. t. To misunderstand ; to take in a 
wrong sense. Locke. 

MIS-AP-PRE-HEND'ED, pp. Not rightly understood. 

MIS-AP-PRE-HEND'ING, ppr. Misunderstanding. 

MIS-AP-PRE-HEN'SION, n. A mistaking or mistake; 
wrong apprehension of one's meaning or of a fact. 

MIS-AS-€RlBE', v. t. To ascribe falsely or erroneously. 

PtIIS-AS-SiGN', (mis-as-sine') v. t. To assign erroneously. 

MIS-AT-TEND', v. t. To disregard, Milton. 

MIS-BE-t'oME', (mis-be-kum') v. t. Not to become ; to suit 
ill ; not to befit. Addison. 

MlS-BE-CoM'ING, ppr. or a. Unseemly ; unsuitable ; im- 
proper; indecorous. 

MIS-BE-€6M'ING-NESS, n. Unbecomingness ; unsuitable- 
ness. Boyle. 

MIS-BE-GOT', ) ppr. or a. Unlawfully or irregularly 

anS-BE-GOT'TEN, \ begotten. Dryden. 

MIS-BE-HaVE', v. i. To behave ill ; to conduct one's self 
improperly. 

MIS-BE-HaVE', v. t. To conduct ill or improperly. Jortin. 

MIS-BE-HaV'ED, (mis-be-havd') a. Guilty of ill behavior; 
ill-bred ; rude. 

MIS-BE-HaV'IOR, (mis-be-hav'yur) n. Ill conduct; im- 
proper, rude or uncivil behavior. Addison. 

MIS-BE-LIkF', ?8r. Erroneous belief ; false religion. 

MIS-BE-LIeVE', v. t. To believe erroneously. 

MIS-BE-LIeV'ER, n. One who believes wrongly ; one who 
holds a false religion. Dryden. 

MIS-BE-LIeV'ING, a. Believing erroneously ; irreligious. 

MIS-BE-SEEM', v. t. To suit ill. 

MlS-BE-SToW, V. t. To bestow improperly. Milton. 

MIS'BORN, a. Born to evil. Spenser. 

MIS-CAL'eU-LATE, v. t. To calculate erroneously. 

MIS-€AL'€U-LA-TED, pp. Erroneously calculated. 

MIS-€AL'€U-LA-TING, ppr. Committing eiTors in calcula- 
tion. 

MIS-€AL-€U-La'TION, n. Erroneous calculation. 

MIS-€ALL', V. t. To call by a wrong name ; to name im- 
properly. 

MIS-€ALL'ED, (mis-kawld') pp. Misnamed. 

MIS-€ALL'ING, ppr. Misnaming. 

MIS-CAR'RIAGE, 77. ]. Unfortunate event of an undertak- 
ing ; failure. 2. Ill conduct; evil or improper behavior. 
3. Abortion ; the act of bringing forth before the time. 

MIS-€AR'RY, v.i. 1. To fail of the intended effect ; not to 
succeed ; to be unsuccessful ; to suffer defeat. 2. To bring 
forth young before the proper time ; to suffer abortion. 

MIS-€AR'RY-ING, ppr. Failing of the intended effect ; suf- 
fering abortion. Hns. ix. 

MIS-CAST', V. t. To cast or reckon erroneously. 

MIS-€AST', pp. Erroneously cast or reckoned. 

MIS-€aST', n. An erroneous cast or reckoning. 

MIS-€aST'ING, -p-pr. Casting or reckoning erroneously. 

MIS-CEL-LA-Na'R1-AN, a. Belonging to miscellanies ; of 
miscellanies. Shaftshury. 

MIS-CEL-LA-Na'RI-AN, n. A writer of miscellanies. 

MIS'CEL-LANE, n. [L. miscellaneus .] A mixture of two 
or more sorts of grain ; now called meslin. 

MIS-CEL-La'NE-OUS, a. fh. miscellaneus.] Mixed; min- 
gled ; consisting of several kinds. Milton. 

MIS-CEL-La'NE-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being mixed; 
composition of various kinds. 



MIS'CEL-LA-NY, n. [Fr. miscellanies.] 1. A mass or 
mixture of various kinds ; particularly. 2. A book or 
pamphlet containing a collection of compositions on vari- 
ous subjects, or a collection of various kinds of composi 
tions. 

t MIS'CEL-LA-NY, a. Miscellaneous. Bacon. 

t MIS-CEN'TRE, v. t. To place amiss. Donne. 

MIS-CHaNCE', /t. Ill luck ; ill fortune ; misfortune ; mis 
hap; misadventure. South. 

MIS-CHAR' AC-TER-iZE, v. t. To characterize falsely 01 
erroneously ; to give a wrong character to. 

MIS-CHARGE', v. t. To mistake in charging, as an ac 
count. 

MIS-CHARGE', n. A mistake in charging, as an account ; 
an erroneous entry in an account. 

MIS'CHIEF, (mis'chif) n. [Old Fr. meschef.] I. Harm; 
hurt; injury; damage; evil, whether intended or not. 

2. Intentional injury ; harm or damage done by design. 

3. Ill consequence ; evil ; vexatious affair. 
MIS'CHIEF, V. t. To hurt; to harm ; to injure. 
MIS'CHIEF-MaK-ER, ?i. One who makes mischief; one 

who excites or instigates quarrels or enmity. 

MIS'CHIEF-MaK-ING, a. Causing harm ; exciting enmity 
or quarrels. Rowe. 

MIS'CIIIE-VOUS, (mis'che-vus) a. 1. Harmful ; hurtful ; 
injurious ; making mischief. 2. Hurtful ; noxious. 3. In- 
clined to do harm. 

MIS'CHIE-VOUS-LY, adv. 1. With injury, hurt, loss or 
damage. 2. With evil intention or disposition. 

MIS'CHIE-VOUS-NESS/ 71. 1. Hurtful ness; noxiousness. 
2. Disposition to do harm, or to vex or annoy. 

MISCH'NA, n. A part of the Jewish Talrnud. See Mishna. 

MIS-CHOOSE', (mis-chooz') v. t. To choose wrong ; to 
make a wrong choice. Milton. 

MIS-CHoS'EN, pp. Chosen by mistake. 

MIS'CI-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may be mixed. 

MIS-CI-Ta'TION, 71. A wrong citation ; erroneous quota- 
tion. Collier. 

MtS-ClTE', V. t. To cite erroneously or falsely. 

MIS-CLaIM', n. A mistaken claim or demand. 

MIS-COM-PU-Ta'TION, n. Erroneous computation ; false 
reckoning._ Clarendon. 

MIS-COM-PuTE', V. t. To compute or reckon erroneously. 

MIS-CON-CeIT', or MIS-CON-CEP'TION, n. Erroneous 
conception ; false opinion ; wrong notion or understand- 
ing of a thing. 

MIS-CON-CeIVE', v. t. or i. To receive a false notion or 
opinion of any thing ; to misjudge ; to have an erroneous 
understand^ing of any thing. 

MIS-CON-CeIV'ED, (mis-kon-seevd') pp. Wrongly under- 
stood ; mistaken. 

MIS-CON-CeIV'ING, ppr. Mistaking; misunderstanding. 

MIS-CON'DUCT, 71. Wrong conduct ; ill behavior ; ill man- 
agement. Addison. 

MIS-CON-DUCT', V. t. To conduct amiss ; to mismanage. 

MIS-CON-DUCT', V. i. To behave amiss. 

MIS-CON-DUCT'ED, pp. Ill-managed ; badly conducted. 

MIS-CON-DUCT'ING, ppr. Mismanaging ; misbehaving. 

MIS-CON-JECT'URE, n. A wrong conjecture or guess. 

MIS-CON-JECT'URE, v. t. or i. To guess wrong. 

MIS-CON-STRUCTION,7i. Wrong interpretation of words 
or things ; a mistaking of the true meaning. 

MIS-CON 'STRUE, v.t. To interpret erroneously either 
words or things. Dryden. 

MIS-CON'STRUED, pp. Erroneously interpreted. 

MIS-CON'STRU-ER, n. One who makes a wrong interpre- 
tation. 

MIS-CON'STRU-ING, ppr. Interpreting wrongly. 

t MIS-CON-TIN'U-ANCE, n. Cessation ; intermission. 

MIS-COR-RECT', v. t. To correct erroneously ; to mistake 

- in attempting to correct another. Drifden. 

MIS-COR-RECT'ED, pp. Mistaken in the attempt to cor- 
rect. 

MIS-COUN'SEL, V. t. To advise wrong. Spenser. 

MIS-COUNT', V. t. To count erroneously ; to mistake in 
counting. 

MIS-COUNT', V. i. To make a wrong reckoning. 

MIS-COUNT', n. An erroneous counting or numbering. 

t MIS'CRE-ANCE, ) n. Unbelief; false faith; adherence 

t MIS'CRE-AN-CY, \ to a false religion. Spenser. 

MIS'CRE-ANT, 71. [Fr. m.ecreant.] 1. An infidel, or one 
who embraces a false faith. 2. A vile wretch ; an unprin- 
cipled fellow. 

t MIS-CRE-aTE', } a. Formed unnaturally or illegitimate- 

t MIS-CRE-a'TED, \ ly ; deformed. 

MJP-DaTE', n. A wrong date. 

MIS-DaTE', v. i. TJo date erroneously. 

MIS-DEED', n. An evil deed ; a wicked action. 

MIS-DEEM', V. t. To judge erroneously ; to misjudge ; to 
mistake in judging. Spenser. 

MIS-DE-MeAN', v. t. To behave ill. Shak. 

MIS-DE-MeAN'OR, n. 1. HI behavior ; evil conduct ; fault ; 
mismanagement. South.— 2. In law, an offense of a less 
atrocious nature than a crime. Crimes and misdemeanors 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6V ^ ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



MIS 



534 



MIS 



are mere synonymous terms ; but, in common usage, the 
word crime is made to denote offenses of a deeper and 
more atrocious dye, while small faults and omissions of 
less consequence are comprised under the gentler name 
of mi&devieanors. 

MIS-DE-RlVE', V. t. To turn or apply improperly. 

MIS-DE-SERT', n. Ill desert. Spenser. 

MIS-DE-Vo TION, n. False devotion ; mistaken piety. 

t MIS-Dl'ET, n. Imnroper diet or food. Spenser. 

MIS-DI-RE€T', V. U 1. To give a wrong direction to. 2. 
To direct to a wrong person or place. 

MIS-DI RE€T'ED, pp. JDirected wrong, or to a wrong per- 
son or place. 

MIS-DI-RE€T'ING, ppr Directing wrong, or to a wrong 
person or place. 

t MIS-DIS-PO-Si"TION, n. Disposition to evil. Bp. Hall. 

MIS-DIS-TIN'GUISH, v. t. To make wrong distinctions. 

MIS-DO', V. t. To do wrong ; to do amiss ; to commit a 
crime or fault. Milton. 

MIS-Do'ER, n. One who does Wrong ; one who commits a 
fault or crime, Spenser. 

MIS-Do'ING, ppr. Doing wrong ; committing a fault or 
crime. 

MIS-DO'ING, n. A wrong done ; a fault or crime ; an of- 
fense. L'Estrange. 

t MIS-DOUBT', (mis-douf) v. t. To suspect of deceit or 
danger. Dryden. 

t MIS-DOUBT', n. 1. Suspicion of crime or danger. Shak. 

2. Irresolution; hesitation. Shak. 

t MIS-DOUBT'FUL, a. Misgiving. Spenser. 
t MIS-DREAD', (mis-dred') n. Dread of evil. Bp. Hall. 
MiSE, (meez) n. [Ft. mis ; Norm, inise.] 1. In Zazo, an is- 
sue to be tried at the grand assize. 2. Expense ; cost. 

3. A lax or tallage ; in Wales, an honorary gift of the 
people to a new king or prince of Wales. 

t MIS-eASE', 71. Uneasiness; want of ease. Chaucer. 

t MIS- E-Dl"TION, n. Not a genuine edition. Bp. Hall. 

MIS-EM-PLOY', v. t. To employ to no purpose, or to a bad 
purpose. Addison. 

MIS-EM-PLOY'ED, (mis-em-ployd') pp. Used to no pur- 
pose, or to a bad one. 

MIS-EM-PLOY'ING, ppr. Using to no purpose, or to a bad 
one. 

MIS-EM-PLOY'MENT, n. Ill employment ; application to 
no purpose, or to a bad purpose. Hale. 

MIS-EN'TRY, n. An erroneous entry or charge, as of an 
account. 

Mi'SER, n. [L, miser."] 1. A miserable person ; one wretch- 
ed or afBicted ; [o&s.] 2. A wretch ; a mean fellow ; [o&s.] 
Shak. 3. An extremely covetous person ; a sordid wretch ; 
a niggard ; one who in wealth makes himself miserable by 
the fear of poverty. 

MIS'ER-A-BLE, a. [Fr. miserable ; L. miserabilis.] 1. 
Very unhappy from grief, pain, calamity, poverty, appre- 
hension of evil, or other cause. 2. Very poor ; worth- 
less. 3. Causing unhappiness or misery. 4. Very poor 
or mean. 5. Very poor or barren. 6. Very low or despi- 

MIS'ER-A-BLE-NESS, n. State of misery ; poorness. 

MIS'ER-A-BLY, adv. 1. Unhappily; calamitously. 2. 
Very poorly or meanly ; wretchedly. 3. In misery or un- 
happiness. 

Mi'SER-LY, a. Very covetous ; sordid ; niggardly ; parsi- 
monious. 

MIS'ER-Y, n. [L. miseria.] 1. Great unhappiness ; extreme 
pain of body or mind. 2. Calamity ; misfortune ; natural 
evils which are the cause of misery. 3. Covetousness ; 
[obs.] 

fMIS-E-STEEM', 71. Disregard; slight. 

MIS-ES'TI-MATE, v. t. To estimate erroneously. 

MIS-FALL', V. t. To befall, as ill luck ; to happen to un- 
luckily. Spenser. 

MIS-FARE', 71. Ill fare ; misfortune. Spenser. 

t MIS-FARE', V. i. To be in an ill state. 

MIS-FASH'ION, (mis-fash'un) v. t. To form wrong. Hake^cill. 

MIS-FeA'SANCE, (mis-t^'zanse) n. [Fr.] In law, a tres- 
pass ; a wrong done. Encyc. 

t MIS-FEIGN', (mis-fane') V. i. To feign with an ill design. 

MIS-FORM', V. t. To make of an ill form ; to put in an ill 
shape. Spenser. 

MIS-FOR'TUNE, n. Ill fortune ; ill luck ; calamity ; an 
evil or cross accident. .Addison. 

MIS-FOR'TUNED, a. Unfortunate. Milton. 

MIS-GIVE', (mis-giv') v. t. 1. To fill with doubt ; to de- 
prive of confidence ; to fail ; usually applied to the heart. 
2. To give or grant amiss ; {obs.] 

MIS-GIVING, ppr. Filling with doubt or distrust ; fail- 
ing. 

MIS-GlV'ING, n. A failing of confidence ; doubt ; distrust. 

MIS-GOT'TEN, a. Unjustly obtained. 

MIS-G6V'ERN, v. t. To govern ill ; to administer unfaith- 
fully. Knolles. 

MIS-GOVERN- ANCE, n. Ill government ; disorder ; irreg- 
ularity. Spenser. 



MIS-G6VERNED,p;>. 1. Ill-governed; badly administer- 
ed. 2. Rude; unrestrained. Shak. 

MIS-G6VERN-MENT, n. 1. Ill administration of public 
affairs. 2. Ill management in private affairs. 3. Irreg- 
ularity ; disorder. 

MIS-GRAFF', V. t. To graft amiss. 

MIS-GROUND', V. t. To found erroneously. Hall. 

MIS-GUlD'ANCE, n. Wrong direction ; guidance into er- 
ror. South. 

MIS-GUlDE', v.t. To lead or guide into error; to direct 
ill. 

MIS-GUlD'ED. pp. Led astray by evil counsel or wrong di- 
rection^ Prior. 

MIS-GUlD'ING, ppr. Giving wrong direction to ; leading 
into eiTor. 

MIS'GUM, \ n. An anguilliform fish about the size of a 

MIS'GURN, \ common eel. 

MIS-HAP', n. Ill chance ; ill luck ; misfortune. Shak. 

MIS-HAP'PEN, V. i. To happen ill. Spenser. 

MIS-HeAR', v. t. To mistake in hearing. 

MISH'MASH, 71. [Teut. misch-masch.] A mingle, or hotch 
potch. 

MISH'NA, n. A collection or digest of Jewish traditions 
and explanations of Scripture. 

MISH'NIC, a. Pertaining or relating to the Mishna. 

MIS-IM-PR5VE', (mis-im-proov') v. t. To improve to a 
bad purpose ; to abuse. 

MIS-IM-PRoVED, (mis-im-proov d') j3p. Used to a bad pur- 
pose. 

MIS-IM-PROVE'MENT, (mis-im-proov'ment) n. Ill use or 
employment ; improvement to a bad purpose. 

MIS-IN-FER', V. t. To draw a wrong inference. 

MIS-IN-FORM', V. t. To give erroneous information to ; U> 
communicate an incorrect statement of facts. 

t MIS-IN-FORM', V. i. To make false information. 

MIS-IN-FORM-A'TION, n. Wrong information ; false ae^ 
count Of intelligence received. South. 

MIS-IN-FORM'ED, (mis-in-formd');)p. Wrongly informee. 

MIS-IN-FORM'ER, n. One that gives wrong information 

MIS-IN-FORM'ING, ppr. Communicating erroneous in 
formation to. 

MIS-IN-STRUGT', v. t. To instruct amiss. Hooker. 

MIS-IN-STRCC'TION, *. Wrong instruction. More. 

BIIS-IN-TEL'LI-GENCE, n. Wrong information ; disagree- 
ment. 

MIS-IN-TER'PRET, v. t. To interpret erroneously ; to un 
derstand or to explain in a wrong sense. 

MIS-IN-TER-PRE-Ta'TION, n. The act of interpreting 
erroneously. 

MIS-IN-TER'PRET-ED, a. EiToneously understood or ei 
plained. 

MIS-IN-TER'PRET-ER, n. One who interprets erron& 
ously. 

MIS-IN-TER'PRET-ING, ppr. Erroneously interpreting. 

MIS-JOIN', V. t. To join unfitly or improperly. Dryden. 

MIS-JOIN'ED, (mis-joind') pp. Improperly united. 

MIS-JOIN'ING, ppr. Joining unfitly or improperly. 

MIS-JUDGE', (mis-judj') v. t. To mistake in judging of; to 
judge erroneously. UEstronge. 

MIS-JUDGE', (mis-judj') v. i. "To err in judgment ; toforit 
false opinions or notions. 

MIS-JUDG'ED, (mis-judjd') pp. Judged erroneously. 

MIS-JUDG'ING, ppr. Judging erroneously of; forming a 
wrong opinion or inference. 

MIS-JUDG'MENT, n. A wrong or unjust determination. 

MIS'KIN, n. A little bagpipe. 

MIS-KIN'DLE, v. t. To kindle amiss ; to inflame to a bad 
purpose. 

MIS-LaID', pp. Laid in a wrong place, or place not recol- 
lected; lost. 

MIS-LaY', v. t. 1. To lay in awrong place. Locke. 2. To 
lay in a place not recollected ; to lose. Swift. 

MIS-LaY'ER, 71. One that lays in a wrong place ; one that 
loses. Bacon. 

MIS-LaY'ING, ppr. Laying in a wrong place, or place not 
remembered; losing. 

MIS'LE, (miz'zl) v. i. [from mist, and properly mistle.] To 
ram in very fine drops, like a thick mist. Oay. 

MIS'LE, n. Small, misty rain. [See Mizzle.] In the Cra- 
ven dialect, mislin. 

MIS-LeAD', v. t. ; pret. and pp. misled. To lead into a 
wrong way or path ; to lead astray ; to guide into error ; 
to cause to mistake ; to deceive. 

MIS-LeAD'ER, 71. One who leads into error. 

MIS-LeAD'ING, ppr. Leading into error ; causing to err • 
deceiving. 

t MIS-LEARN'ED, (mis-lernd') a. Not really or properly 
learned, 

MIS-LED', pp. of mislead. Led into error ; led a wrong 
way._ 

MIS-LiKE', V. t. To dislike ; to disapprove ; to have aver- 
sion to. Raleigh. 

MIS-LiKE', n. Dislike ; disapprobation ; aversion. 

MIS-LlK'ED, (mis-likf) pp. Disliked ; disapproved. 



*See Synopsis 5, E, I, O, t) 'f, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— t Obsolete 



MIS 



535 



MIS 



MIS-LTK'ER, n. One that dislikes. 

MIS-LiK'ING, -ppr. Disliking j disapproving. 

MISMN. See Meslin. 

\ MlS-LiVE', (mis-liv') v. i. To live amiss. Spenser. 

MIS-LUeK', n. Ill luck j misfortune. 

MIS'LY, a. Raining in very small drops. 

IMIS-MAiN'AGE, v. t. To manage ill j to administer improp- 
erly. 

MIS-MAN' A6E, v. i. To behave ill; to conduct amiss. 

MIS-MAN'AGED, pp. Ill-managed or conducted. 

INIIS-MAN'AOE-JMENT, n. Ill or improper management ; 
iH conduct. 

MIS-MAN' A-6ER, n. One that manages ill. Burke. 

MIS-BIAN'A-6ING, ppr. Managing iU. 

MIS-MARK', V. t. To mark with the wrong token ; to mark 
erroneously. Collier. 

MIS-MaRK'ED, (mis-markf) pp. Wrongly marked. 

MIS-MARK'ING, ppr. Marking eiToneously. 

MIS-MATCH', V. t. To match unsuitably. Southern. 

MIS-MATCPI'ED, (mis-matchf) pp. Unsuitably matched ; 
iU jomed. 

MIS-MATCH'ING, ppr. Matching in an unsuitable man- 
ner. 

MIS-MEAS'URE, (mis-mezh'ur) v. t. To measure incon-ectly. 

MIS-NAMEf , V. i. To call by the wrong name. Boyle. 

MIS-NaM'ED, (mis-namd') pp. Called "by a wrong name. 

MIS-NaM'ING, ppr. Calling by a wrong name. 

MIS-No'MER, n. [Old Fr. mes and nommer.] In law, the 
mistaking of the true name of a person ; a misnaming. 

t MIS-O-Be'DI-ENCE, n. Erroneous obedience or disobe- 
dience. Milton. 

MIS-OB-SERVE', (mis-ob-zerv') v. t. To observe inaccu- 
rately ; to mistake in observ^ing, Locke. 

MI-SOG'A-MIST, 71. [Gr. ixicew and yaixog.] A hater of 
marriage. 

* MI-S06'Y-NIST, 71. [Gr. /ii(7£w and yw?7.] A woman hat- 
er. [UnusvMl.] Fuller. 

* MI-SOG'Y-NY, 71. Hatred of the female sex. 
MIS-O-PIN'ION, 71, Erroneous opinion. Bp. Hall. 

I MIS-OR'DER, V. t. 1. To order ill ; to manage erroneous- 
ly. 2. To manage ill ; to conduct badly. Shak. 

t MIS-OR'DER, n. Irregularity; disorderly proceedings. 

MIS-OR'DER-LY, a. Irregular; disorderly. Ascham. 

MIS-PELL', MIS-PEND', &c. See Mis-spell, Mis- 
spend. 

iVIIS-PER-S UaDE', (mis-per-swade') v. t. To persuade amiss, 
or to lead to_a wrong notion. Hooker. 

MIS-PER-SUa'SION, 71. A false persuasion ; wrong notion 
or opinion. Decay of Piety. 

MIS-PIK'EL, n. Arsenical pyrites ; an ore of arsenic. 

MIS-PLaCE', v. t. 1. To put in a wrong place. 2. To place 
on an improper object. Sowth. 

MIS-PLa'CED, (mis-plasf) pp. Put in a wrong place, or on 
an impi-oper object. 

MIS-PLa'CING, ppr. Putting in a wrong place, or on a 
wrong_object. 

MIS-PLeAD', v. i. To eiT in pleading. Blackstone. 

MIS-PLeAD'ING, ppr. Making a mistake in pleading. 

MIS-PLeAD'ING, 71. A mistake in pleading. 

MIS-POINT', V. t. To point improperly ; to err in punctua- 
tion. 

MIS-PRINT', V. t. To mistake in printing ; to print wrong. 

MIS-PRINT', 71. A mistake in ijrinting ] a deviation from 
the copy. Ch. Obs. 

MIS-PRINT'ED, pp. Erroneously printed. 

MIS-PRINT'ING, pp?-. Printing wrong. 

MIS-PRISE', or MIS-PRiZE', v. t. [Fr. mepris.'\ 1. To 
mistake. Shak. 2. To slight or undervalue. 

MIS-PRIS'ION, (mis-prizh'un) ti. 1. Neglect ; contempt.— 
2. In law, any high offense under the degree of capital, 
but nearly bordering thereon. — Misprision of treason con- 
sists in a bare knowledge and concealment of treason, 
without assenting to it. 3. Mistake ; oversight ; con- 
tempt ; [o&5.] 

MIS-PRO-CEED'ING, 7i. Wrong or irregular proceeding. 

MIS-PRO-FESS', V. t. To make a false profession ; to make 
pretensions to skill which is not possessed. 

MIS-PR O-NOUNCE', (mis-pro-nouns') v. t. To pronounce 
erroneously. 

MIS-PRO-NO UNCE', v. i. To speak incorrectly. 

MIS-PRO-NUN-CI-A'TION, 71. A wrong or improper pro- 
nunciation^ Swift. 

MIS-PRO-PoR'TTON, v. t. To err in proportioning one 
thing to another ; to join without due proportion. 

t MIS-PROUD', a. Viciously proud. Shak. 

MIS-QUO-Ta'TION, 71. An erroneous quotation ; the act 
of quotijig wrong. 

MIS-Q,UoTE', v. t. To quote erroneously ; to cite incor- 
rectly. 

MIS-OUoT'ED, pp. Incorrectly quoted or cited. 

MIS-0„roT'lNG, ppr. Quoting or citing erroneously. 

MIS-RaTE', v. t. To rate erroneously ; to estimate falsely. 

MIS-RE-CeIVE', v. t. To receive amiss or improperly. 



MIS-RE-CI'TAL, 71. An inaccurate recital. 
MIS-RE-CiTE', v. t. To recite erroneously. Bramludt. 

mS-RE-ClT'ED, pp. Recited inconectly. 

MIS-RE-ClT'ING, ppr. Reciting erroneously. 

MIS-RE€K'0N, v. t. To reckon or impute wrong. 

MIS-RE€K'ONED,pp. Reckoned or computed erroneously 

MIS-REGK'ON-ING, ppr. Reckoning wrong ; and, as a 
710M71, an erroneous computation. 

MIS-RE-LaTE', v. t. To relate falsely or inaccurately. 

MIS-RE-LaT'ED, pp. Erroneously related or told. 

MIS-RE-LaT'ING, ppr. Relatmg or telling en'oneously, 

MIS-RE-La'TION, 71. Erroneous relation or narration. 

MIS-RE-MEM'BER, ?;. t. To mistake in remembering; rot 
to remember correctly. Boyle. 

MIS-RE-MEM'BERED, pp. Inaccuratelv recollected. 

MIS-RE-MEM'BER-ING, ppr. Remembering inaccui-ately. 

MIS-RE-PoRT', V. t. To report erroneously ; to give an in- 
correct account of. Locke. 

MIS-RE-PoRT', 71. An en-oneous report ; a false or incor- 
rect account given. South. 

MIS-RE-PoRT'ED, pp. Incorrectly reported. 

MIS-EE-PoRT'ING, ppr. Reporting incorrectly. 

MIS-REP-RE-SENT', v. t. To represent falsely or incor- 
rectly ; to give a false or erroneous representation, either 
maliciously, ignorantly or carelessly. 

MIS-REP-RE-SEN-Ta'TION, 71. 1. The act of giving a 
false or eiToneous representation. 2. A false or incorrect 
account given. 

MIS-REP-RE-SENT'ED, pp. Falsely or erroneously repre- 
sented. 

MIS-REP-RE-SENT'ER, 71. One who gives a false or er- 
roneous account. 

JIIS-REP-RE-SENT'ING, ppr. Giving a false or erroneous 
representation. 

MIS-RE-PuTE', v. t. To have in wrong estimation. 

MIS-RE-PuT'ED, pp. or a. Erroneously reputed. 

MIS-RuLE', n. 1. Disorder ; confusion ; tumult from in- 
subordination. Pope. 2. Unjust domination. 

MIS-Ru'LY, a. Unruly ; ungovernable ; turbulent. 

MISS, 71. [supposed by Bailey to be contracted from mis- 
tress. But probably it is from the Armoric mesell, a. young 
lady, or contracted from Fr. demoiselle.] 1. The title of a 
young woman or girl. 2. A kept mistress ; a prostitute 
retained ; a concubine. 

MISS, v.t. [Sax. missian; D., G. missen.] 1. To fail in 
aim ; to fail of reaching the object ; not to hit. 2. To fail 
of finding the right way ; to err in attempting to find. 3. 
To fail of obtaining. 4. To learn or discover that some- 
thing is wanting, or not where it was supposed to be. 5. 
To be without; [obs.] 6. To omit; to pass by; to go 
without ; to fail to have. 7. To perceive the want of. 8. 
To fail of seeing or finding. 

MISS, v.i. 1. To fail to hit ; to fly wide ; to deviate from 
the true direction. 2. Not to succeed ; to fail. 3. To fail ; 
to miscarry, as by accident. 4. To fail to obtain, learn 
or find. 5. To fail ; to mistake. 

MISS, 71. 1. Loss; want. 2. Mistake ; error ; [little used.] 
3. Harm from mistake ; [obs.] 

MIS'SAL, 7i. [It. 7aessaZe ; Fr. 7ftisseZ.] The Romish mass- 
book^ Stilling fleet. 

MIS-SaY', v. t. To say wrong ; to slander. [Little used.] 
Spenser. 

MIS-SaY', v. i. To speak ill. Spenser. 

MIS-SaY'ING, 71. Wrong expression. Milton. 

MIS-SEEM', v. i. 1. To make a false appearance. Spenser 
2. To misbecome ; [obs.] Spenser. 

Mli'llLlBiRD, i "• ^ ^P^^^^' of thrush. 

t MIS'SEL-DINE, n. The mistletoe. Barret. 

MIS-SEM'BLANCE, n. False resemblance. Spelman. 

MIS SEND', V. t. To send amiss or incorrectiy. 

MIS-SERVE', (mis-serv') v. t. To serve unfaithfully. 

MIS-SHaPE', v. t. To shape ill ; to give an ill form to ; to 
deform. Spenser. 

MIS-SHaP'ED, (mis-shapf) ) pp. Hl-formed ; deformed ; 

MIS-SHaP'EN, \ ugly. 

MIS-SHaP'ING, ppr. Giving an ill shape to. 

MIS'SlLE, a. [L. missilis.] Thrown or sent, or that may 
be thrown. 

MISS'ING, ppr. 1. Failing to hit, to reach or to find ; dis- 
covering to be wanting. 2. a. Lost; absent from the 
place where it was expected to be found ; wanting. 

MIS'SION, 71. [L. 77(15^-10.] 1. A sending or being sent, 
usually the latter ; a being sent or delegated by authority, 
with certain powers for transacting business; commis- 
sion. 2. Pei-sons sent ; any number of persons appoint- 
ed by authority to perform any service ; particularly, the 
persons sent to propagate religion. 3. Dismission ; dis- 



charge from service ; [obs.] 4. Faction ; party ; [obs.] 
IIS'SION-A-I ^ ~ - . - - ^ 
gate religion. 



vice ; [oi 
, 71. [Fr. 



missionaire.] One sent to propa- 



MIS'SION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to missions. 
MIS'SION- ATE, V. i. To perform the services of a mission- 
ary. An unauthorized word, sometimes used in America. 



* Set Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— RTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as .T ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tkis. f Obsolete. 



MIS 



536 



MIT 



t MIS-SION-ER, for inissioTwnj. 

MIS'SiVE, a. [Fr.] 1. Such as is sent. 2. Thrown or 
sent, or such as may be sent. Dryden. 

MIS'SiVE, 71. A letter sent, or a messenger^ Bacon. 

MIS-SPeAK', v. i. To err or mistake in speaking. 

MIS-SPeAK', v. t. To utter wrong. Donne. 

MIS-SPELL', V. t. To spell wrong ; to write or utter with 
wrong letters. 

MIS-SPELL'ED, (mis-speld') ) pp. Spelled wrong, or with 

MIS-SPELT', \ wrong letters. 

MIS-SPELL'ING, ppr. Spelling wrong. 

MIS-SPELL'ING, n. A wrong spelling; false orthogra- 
phy- 

MIS-SPEND', V. t. 1. To spend amiss ; to waste or con- 
sume to no purpose, or to a bad one. 2. To waste. 

MIS-SPEND'ER, n. One that consumes prodigally or im- 
properly. J^Torris. 

MIS-SPEND'ING, ppr. Spending to no purpose, or to a bad 
one. 

MIS-SPENSE', (mis-spens') n. A spendmg improperly ; a 
wasting. 

MIS-SPENT', ppr. Ill-spent ; expended or consumed to no 
purpose, or to a bad one. 

MIS-IpSk^'n j ^^' Uttered or spoken amiss. 

MIS-STaTE', v. t. To state wrong ; to make an erroneous 
representation of facts 

MIS-STaT'ED, pp. Stated erroneously. 

MIS-STaTE'jMENT, 71. A wrong statement; an erroneous 
representation, verbal or written. 

MIS-STaT'ING, ppr. Stating falsely or erroneously. 

MIS'SY, n. The sulphate of iron calcined. 

MIST, 71. [Sax., D. mist.'] 1. Water falling in very nu- 
merous, but fine, and almost imperceptible drops. 2. 
That which dims or darkens, and obscures or intercepts 
vision. 

MIST, V. t. To cloud ; to cover with vapor. Shak. 

MIST-EN-€UM'BERED, a. Loaded with mist. J. Bar- 
low. 

MIS-TaK'A-BLE, a; That may be mistaken. 

MIS-TaKE', v. t. 1. To take wrong; to conceive or un- 
dei-stand erroneously ; to misunderstand or misappre- 
hend. 2. To take one thing or person for another. 

MIS-TaKE', v. i. To en- in opinion or judgment. 

MIS-TaKE', 71. 1. An error in opinion or judgment; mis- 
conception. 2. A slip ; a fault ; an error. 

MIS-TaK'EN. In the use of this participle, there is a pe- 
culiarity which ought to be carefully noticed. When 
used of persons, it signifies to be in an error, to be icrong ; 
as, I am mistaken, you are mistaken, he is mistaken. But 
when used of things, it signifies misunderstood, misconceic- 
ed : as, the sense of the passage is mistaken, that is, not 
rightly understood. 

MI&-TaK'ER, 71. One that mistaltes or misunderstands. 

MIS-TaK'ING, ppr. Making a mistake; erring from the 
tnith; misconceiving. 

MIS-TaK'ING, 71. An error ; a mistake. Hall. 

MIS-TaK'ING-LY, adv. Erroneously ; falsely. Boyle. 

MIS-TAUGHT', pp. Wrongly taught. L'Estrange. 

MIS-TeACH', v. t. To teach wrong ; to instruct errone- 
ously^ Sanderson. 

MIS-TeACH'ING, ppr. Instructing erroneously. 

MIS-TELL', V. t. To tell erroneously. 

MIS-TEM'PER, V. t. To temper ill ; to disorder. 

MIS-TEM'PERED, pp. Tempered ill. 

MIS'TER, n. [The pronunciation of this word is probably 
from the Welsh, German or Dutch dialect. See Master.] 
The common title of address to gentlemen, and to men of 
all classes. In icriting, it is expressed by the abbrevia- 
tion Mr. 

t IMIS'TER, V. t. [Sw. mista.'] To occasion loss. 

MIS-TERM', V. t. To term or denominate erroneously. 

MIS-TERM'ED, (mis-termd') pp. Wrongly denominated. 

MIS-TERM'ING, ppr. Denominating erroneously. 

MIST'FUL, fl. Clouded with mist. 

MIS-THINK', V. i. To think wrong. [Little 2Lsed.] Shak. 

MIS-THOUGHT', ;>p. of misthink. Thought wrong of. 

MIS-TiME', v. t. To time wrong ; not to adapt to the 
time._ 

MIS-TlME', V. i. To neglect the proper time. 

MIS-TlMED, (mis-timd') pp. Ill-timed ; done at a wrong 
time^ 

MIS-TiM'ING, ppr. Ill-timing ; doing unseasonably. 

>nST'I-NESS, 71. A state of being misty; a state of thick 
rain in very small drops. Bacon. 

MIS'TION, 7!. [L. mistus, mixtus.] 1. A state of being 
mixed. 2. Mixture ; a mingling. Boyle. 

MIS-TrTLE, V. t. To call by a wrong title or name. 

MIS-Tl'TLED, pp. Wrongly named. 

MIS'TLE, (miz'l) v. i. To fall in very fine drops, as rain. 
SeeMissLE. 

MIS'TLE-ToE, ) , • , . ^. \ n. [Sax. mistelta.-] A plant 

MIS'LE-ToE, \ '■""^ ^' ^^' I or shmb that grows on 
trees, and was held in great veneration by the Druids. 



MIST'LiKE, a. Resembling mist. Shak. 

MIS-ToLD', pp. Erroneously told. -See Tell. 

MIS-TOQK', prfi£. of mistake. 

MIS-TRaIN', v. t. To train or educate amiss. 

MIS-TRANS-LaTE', v. t. To translate erroneously. 

]\nS-TRANS-LAT'ED, pp. Erroneously rendered into an- 
other language. 

MIS-TRANS-LAT'ING,p^>r. Translating incorrectly. 

MIS-TRANS-La'TION, 71. An erroneous translation or 
version. 

MIS'TRESS, 71, [Fr. mattresse ; It. maestra, maestressa.] 
1. A woman who governs. 2. The female head of a fam 
Uy. 3. That which governs ; a sovereign. 4. One that 
commands, or has possession and sovereignty. 5. A fe- 
male who is weU skilled in any thing. 6. A woman 
teacher; an instructress of a school. 7. A woman belov- 
ed and courted. 8. A woman in keeping for lewd pur- 
poses. 9. A term of contemptuous address. 

MIS'TRESS, V. t. To wait upon a mistress ; to be court- 
ing. 

MIS'TRESS-PIeCE, 71. Chief ornament ; capital distinc- 
tion, as applied to a woman. I^ord Herbert. 

MIS'TRESS-SHIP, 7!. Female rule or dominion. 

MIS-TRUST', n. [Dan. mistrdst.] Want of confidence or 
trust ; suspicion. Milton. 

MIS-TRUST', v.t. [Dan. mistroer.] To suspect ; to doubt ; 
to regard with jealousy or suspicion. 

MIS-TRUST'ED, pp. Suspected- 

MIS-TRUST'FUL, a. Suspicious ; doubting ; wanting con- 
fidence in. Waller. 

MIS-TRUST'FUL-NESS, n. Suspicion ; doubt. 

MIS-TRUST'FUL-LY, adv. With suspicion or doubt. 

MIS-TRUST'ING, ppr. Suspecting ; having no confidence 
in. 

MIS-TRUST'ING-LY, adv. With distrust or suspicion. 

MIS-TRUST'LESS, a. Unsuspecting ; unsuspicious. 

MIS-TuNE'.T). t. To tune wrong or erroneously ; to put out 
of tune. Skelto7i. 

t MIS-TURN', V. t. To pervert. 

MIS-Tu'TOR, V. t. To instruct amiss. 

MIST'Y, a. 1. Overspread with mist ; filled with very mi 
nute drops of rain. 2. Dim; obscure; clouded. 

MIS-UN-DER-STAND', v.t. To misconceive ; to mistake, 
to take in a wrong sense. Jiddison. 

MIS-UN-DER-STAND'ING, ppr. Mistaking the meaning. 

MIS-UN-DER-STAND'ING, n. 1. Misconception ; mistake 
of the meaning ; error. Bacon. 2. Disagreement ; difier- 
ence ; dissension. Swift, 

MIS-UN-DER-STOOD', pp. Misconceived ; mistaken ; un- 
derstood erroneously. South. 

BIIS-US'AGE, (mis-yu'zaje) n. Ill usage ; abuse. 

MIS-USE', (mis-yuze') v. t. [Fr. mesuser.] 1. To treat oi 
use improperly ; to use to a bad purpose. Milton. 2. To 
abuse ; to treat ill. 

MIS-USE', (mis-yuse') n. 1. lU treatment ; improper use , 
employruent to a bad pui-pose. 2. Abuse ; ill treatment 
3. Wrong application ; misapplication ; erroneous use. 

MIS-US'ED, (niis-yuzd') pp. Improperly used or applied ; 
misapplied ; misemployed ; abused. 

MIS-US'ING, (mis-yu'zing) ppr. Using improperly; abus- 
ing ; misapplying. 

MIS- VOUCH', V. t. To vouch falsely. 

t MIS-^^T^aR', v. t. To wear ill. Bacon. 

MIS-WED', V. t. To wed improperly. 

]\IIS-WED'DED,p^. Ill-matched. 

MIS-WEEN', V. i. To misjudge ; to distrust. Spenser. 

t MIS-WEND', V. i. To go wrong. Spenser. 

MIS-WRTTE', v. t. To write incorrectlv. Bp. Cosin. 

MIS-WROUGHT', (mis-rawf) a. Badly wrought. 

MIS'Y._ See Missy. 

MIS-YoKE', V. t. To yoke improperlv. Milton. 

MIS-ZEAL'OUS, (mis-zel'us) a. Actuated by false zeal. 

MITE, n. [Sax. mite ; Fr. mite.'] 1. A very small insect ot 
the genus ocarus. — 2. In Scripture, a small piece of money, 
the quarter of a denarius, or about seven English far- 
things. 3. Any thing proverbially very small; a very 
little particle or quantity. 4. The twentieth part of a 
grain. 

MI-TEL'LA, 71. A plant. 

MITH'IC. See Mythic. 

MITH'RI-DATE, n. In pharmacy, an antidote against poi- 
son. It takes its name from Mithridates, king of Pontus, 
the inventor. 

MITH-RI-DAT'I€, a. Pertaining to mithridate, or its in- 
ventor, Mithridates. 

MIT'I-GA-BLE, a. That may be mitigated. Barrow. 

MIT'I-GANT, a. [L. mitigans.] 1. Softening ; lenient ; 
lenitive. 2. Diminishing; easing; as pain. 

MIT'I-GATE, V. t. [L. mitigo.] 1. To aheviate, as suffer- 
ing ; to assuage ; to lessen. 2. To make less severe. 3. 
To abate ; to make less rigorous ; to moderate. 4. To 
temper ; to moderate ; to soften in harshness or severity. 
5. To calm ; to appease ; to moxierate. 6. To diminish ; 
to render more tolerable. 7. To reduce in amount or 



* See Synopsia. A, E, T, O, O, Y, long.~FAR, FALL WHAT ;— PREY j— HN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



MOB 



537 



MOD 



severity. 8. To soften, or make mild and accessible j in 

a literal sense. 

MIT'I-GA-TED, pp. Softened; aUeviated 3 moderated j di- 
minished. 

MIT'I-GA-TING, ppr. Softening ; alleviating ; tempering ; 
moderating ; abating. 

MIT-I-Ga'TION, 71. [L. mitigaiio.] Alleviation ; abatement 
or diminution of any tUing painful, harsli, severe, afflict- 
ive or calamitous. 

MIT'I-GA-TIVE, a. Lenitive ; tending to alleviate. 

MIT'I-GA-TOR, 71. He or that which mitigates. 

Mr'TRE, ) n. [It., Sp. mitra ; Fr. mitre.] ]. A sacerdotal 

Mi'TER, \ ornament worn on the head by bishops and 
certain abbots on solemn occasions. — 2. In architecture, 
an angle of 45°. — 3. In IrisJi history, a sort of base money 
or coin. — 1. Figuratively, the dignity of bishops or abbots. 

MI'T.RE, V. t. 1. To adorn with a mitre. 2. To unite at an 
angle of 45''. 

MI'TRED, pp. or a. 1. Wearing a mitre. 2. Honored with 
the privilege of wearing a mitre. 3. Cut or joined at an 
angle of 45'='. 

MITTEN, 71. [Fr. mitaine.] 1. A cover for the hand, worn 
to defend it from cold or other injury. 2. A cover for the 
arm only. — To handle without mittens, to treat roughly 5 a 
covtoquial phrase. 

\ MIT'TENT, a. [L. mittens.] Sending forth ; emitting. 

MIT'TI-MUS, 71. [L. we send.] 1. InZffiw,a warrant from a 
justice of commitment to prison. 2. A writ for removing 
records from one court to another. 

Mi'TU, n. A fowl of the turkey kind, found in Brazil. 

Mi'TY, a. [from mite.] Having or abounding with mites. 

MIX. V. t. ; pret. and pp. mixed, or mixt. [Sax. viiscan ; G. 
mischen; 1,. misceo, viixtum.] 1. To unite or blend pro- 
miscuously two or more ingredients into a mass or com- 
pound. 2. To join ; to associate ; to unite with in com- 
pany. 3. To join ; to mingle. 4. To unite with a crowd 
or multitude. 

MIX, V. i. 1. To become united or blended promiscuously 
in a mass or compound. 2. To be joined or associated. 

MIXED, pp. 1. United in a promiscuous mass or compound ; 
blended ; joined ; mingled ; associated. 2. a. Promiscu- 
ous ; consisting of various kinds or different things. 

MIX'EN, 71. A dunghill ; a laystall. Johnson. 

MIX'ER, ?i. One who mixes or mingles. 

MIX'ING, ppr. Uniting or blending in a mass or compound ; 
joining m company ; associating. 

MIX-TI-LIN'E-AL, / a. [L. mixtus and linea.] Containins: 

MIX-TI-LIX'E-AR, I a mixture of lines. 

MIX'TIOX, n. [Fr. ; L. mixtiLs.] Mixture 3 promiscuous 
assemblage. Brown. 

IMIXT'LY, adv. With mixture. Bacon. 

MIXT'URE, 71. [L. mixtiira.] i. The act of mixing, or state 
of being mixed, 2. A mass or compound, consisting of 
different ingredients blended without order. 3. The in- 
gredient added and mixed. — 4. In pharmacy, a liquid 
medicine.— 5. Inchemistry, the blending of se\^eral ingre- 
dients without an alteration of the substances. In combi- 
nation, the substances unite by chemical attraction, and, 
losing their distinct properties, they form a compound 
differing in its properties from either of the ingredients. 

MIZ'MAZE, 7!. A cant word for a maze or labyrinth. 

MIZ'ZEX, (mizn) n. [It. inezzana.] In sea-language. Die 
altermost of the fixed sails of a ship. 

MIZ'ZEN-MaST, ?i. The mast which supports the after- 
sails, and stands nearest to the stern. 

MIZ'ZLE, 71. SmaU rain. 

MIZZLE, «.i. Tomistle. See Mistle. 

MIZ'ZY, 7!. A bog or quagmire. Ainsworth. 

MNE-MON'I€, (ne-mon'ik) a. Assisting the memory. 

MNE-MON'I€S, n. [Gr. nvrjiioviKos.] The art of memory : 
precepts and rules for assisting the memory. 

tMO, a. [Sax. ma ; Scot, ma.] More, Spenser. 

MoAN, V. t. [Sax. miBnan.] To lament ; to deplore ; to be- 
wail with an audible voice. 

MoAN , V. i. To grieve ; to make lamentations. 

MoAN, 7(. Lamentation; audible expression of sorrow ; 
grief expressed in words or cries. 

MoANED, pp. Lamented ; deplored. 

MoAX'FUL, a. Sorrowful ; expressing sorrow 

]MoAX'FTJL-LY, adv. With lamentation. 

IMoAX'ING, ppr. Lamenting ; bewailing. 

Mo AT, 7; . [li. 7nota; Fr. motte.] In fortification, a. ditch or 
deep trench round the rampart of a castle or other fortified 
place. 

MoAT, V. t. To suiTound with a ditch for defense. 

MOB, n. [from L. mobilis.] 1. A crowd or promiscuous 
multitude of people, rude, tumultuous and disorderly. 2. 
A disorderly assembly. 3. A huddled dress. 

MOB, V. t. L To attack in a disorderly crowd ; to harass 
tumultuously. 2. To wrap up in a cowl or vail. 

MOB BIS H, a. Like a mob ; tumultuous ; mean ; vulgar. 

MOB€AP, 71. [D. mop.] A plain cap or head-dress for fe- 
males. 

* I Mo'BiLE, a. [Fr.] Movable. Skelton. . 



* Mo'BiLE, n. [Fr. 3 L. mobilis.] The tadb ; the populace. 

South. 

Pri'muni mob'i-le, n. [L.] In the ancient astronomy, a ninth 
heaven or sphere, supposed to be beyond the fixed stars, 
and to be the first mover of all the lower spheres. 

MO-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. mobilite ; L. mobilitas.] 1. Suscepti- 
bility of motion ; capacity of being moved. 2. Aptitude 
to motion ; activity ; readiness to move. — 3. In cant lan- 
guage, the populace. 4. Fickleness ; inconstancy. 

MOBLE, (mobbl) v. t. To wrap the head in a hood. Shak 

MOe'€A-SON, n. A shoe or cover for the feet, without a 
sole ; the customary shoe worn by the native Indians. 

MO'€HA-STONE, n. [from Mocha.] Dendritic agate. 

MO€K, V. t. [Fr. moquer.] 1. To imitate in contempt or 
derision ; to mimick for the sake of derision ; to deride by 
mimicry. 2. To deride ; to laugh at ; to ridicule ; to treat 
with scorn or contempt. 3. To defeat ; to illude ; to dis- 
appoint ; to deceive. 4. To fool 3 to tantalize 3 to play on 
in contempt. 

MO€K, V. i. To make sport in contempt or in jest, or to 
speak jestingly. 

MOGK, 7t. I. Ridicule ; derision ; sneer ; an act manifesting 
contempt. 2. Imitation 5 mimicry 3 [little used.] 

MO€K, a. False 5 counterfeit 3 assumed ; imitating reality, 
but not real. 

MOCK'-LEAD, or MO€K'-oRE, n. A sulphuret of zink, the 
same as blend, which see. 

MO€K'-OR-AXGE, n. A plant of the genus philadelphus. 

MOCK'-PRIVET, n. A plant of the genns pMUijrea. 

MOCK'A-BLE, a. Exposed to derision. [Little used.] Shak. 

t MO€K'AGE, n. Mockery. Elyot. 

MOCKED, pp. Imitated or miaiicked in derision 5 laughed 
at ; ridiculed 3 defeated 3 illuded. 

MOCK'ER, 71. 1. One that mocks 3 a scorner 3 a scoffer 3 a 
derider. South. 2. A deceiver 5 an impostor. 

MO€K'ER-Y, 7!. 1. The act of deriding and exposing to 
contempt, by mimicking the words or actions of another 
2. Derision 3 ridicule 3 sportive insult 01 contempt 3 con 
temptuous merriment at persons or things. 3. Sport , 
subject of laughter. 4. Vain imitation or eflort 3 that 
which deceives, disappoints or frustrates. 5. Imitation , 
counterfeit appearance 3 false show. 

MO€K'E-SON, 77, The name of a serpent. 

MO€K'ING,ppr. Imitating in contempt 3 mimicking 3 ridi 
culing by mimicry 3 treating with sneers and scorn 3 de- 
feating 3 deluding. 

MOCK'IKG, n. Derision 3 insult. 

MO€K'ING-BiRD, 71. The mocking thrush of America 3 a 
bird of the genus turdus. 

MOCK'IXG-LY, adv. By way of derision 3 in contempt. 

MO€K'ING-STO€K, 7;. A butt of sport. 

MOC'KLE. SeeMicKLE. 

Mo'DAL, a. Consisting in mode only 5 relating to form ; 
having the form without the essence or reality. 

MO-DAL'I-TY, n. The quality of being modal, or being in 
form only. 

MOD'DER, 7i. A wench, or girl. Huloet. 

MODE, 7!. [Fr. mode ; L. modus 3 Sp., It. modo.] 1. Man- 
ner of existing or being 3 manner ; method 3 form ; fash- 
ion 3 custom , way. 2. Gradation ; degree, 3. State ; 
quality. Shak. — 4. In metaphysics, the dependence or af- 
fection of a substance. — 5. In music, a regular disposition 
of the air and accompaniments relative to certain pruici 
pal sounds. — 6. In grammar, a particular manner of con 
jugating verbs 3 usually written mood. [See Mood.] 7 
A kind of silk. 

MOD'EL, (mod'dl) n. [Fr. modelle.] 1. A pattern of some 
thing to be made 3 any thing of a particular form, shape or 
construction, intended for imitation ; a small pattern 3 a 
form in miniature. 2. A mold ; something intended to 
give shape to castings. 3. Pattern 3 example. 4. Stand- 
ard 3 that by which a thing is to be measured.— 5 In 
painting and sculpture, that which is tc be copied or imi 
tated. 6. A pattern 3 any thing to be imitated. 7. A 
copy ; representation 3 something made in imitation of 
real life. 

MOD'EL, V. t. [Fr. modeler.] To plan or form in a particu- 
lar manner 3 to shape 3 to imitate in planning or forming 

MOD'ELED, pp. Formed according to a model 3 planned ; 
shaped 3 formed. 

MOD'EL-ER, n. A planner ; a contriver. Spectator. 

MOD'EL-ING, ppr. Forming according to a model 3 plan- 
ning ; forming ; shaping. 

t MODER-A-BLE, a. [L.moderabilis.] Temperate 3 meas- 
urable 3 governable. 

MOD'ER-ATE, a. [L. moderatus.] 1. Literally, limited 3 
restrained ; hence, temperate 3 observing reasonable 
bounds in indulgence. 2. Limited in quantity 5 not ex- 
cessive or expensive. 3. Restrained in passion, ardor or 
temper; not violent. 4. Not extreme in opinion, 5. 
Placed between extremes ; holding the mean or middle 
place. 6. Temperate ; not extreme, violent or rigorous. 
7. Of a middle rate. 8. Not swift. 

MOD'ER-ATE, v. t. 1. To restrain from excess of any kind , 



* See Syrwpsis. MOVE, BOOK , D6VE 3— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z 3 CH as SH 5 TH as in this, t Obsolete 



MOD I 

to reduce from a state of violence ; to lessen ; to allay , to 
repress. 2. I'o temper ; to make temperate ; to qualif}\ 
dODER-ATE, V. i. To become less violent, severe, rigor- 
ous or intense. 
aIOD 'ES,-A-TED, pp. Reduced in violence, rigor or intensi- 
ty ; allayed ; lessened ; tempered ; qualified. 
MOD'ER-ATE-Li'', adv. 1. Temperately j mildly; without 

violence. 2. In a middle degree ; not excessively. 
MOD'ER-ATE-NESS, n. State of being moderate ; temper- 
ateness ; a middle state between extremes. 

M0D'ER-A-TIN(5, ppr. Reducing in violence or excess j al- 
laying ; tempering ; becoming more mild. 

MOD-ER-A'TION, 71. [L,. moderatio.] 1. The state of being 
moderate, or of keeping a due mean between extremes or 
excess of violence. 2. Restraint of violent passions or in- 
dulgence of appetite. 3. Calmness of mind ; equanimity. 
4. Frugality in expenses. 

MOD-ER-aTOR, n. 1. He or that which moderates or re- 
strains. 2. The person who presides over a meeting or 
assembly of people to preser^'e order, and regulate the 
proceedings. 

MOD-ER-A'TOR-SHIP, n. The office of a moderator. 

MOD'ERN, a. [Fr. moderne ; It., &p. moderno.] 1. Pertain- 
ing to the present time, or time not long past ; late ; re- 
cent ; not ancient or remote in past time. 2. Common ; 
mean; vulgar; [obs.] 

MOD'ERX-IS.M, 7i. aiodern practice ; something recently 
formed, particularly in writing. Swift. 

MOD'ERN-IST, n. One who admires the moderns, 

MOD'ERN-iZE, v. t. To render modern ; to adapt ancient 
compositions to modem persons or things, or rather to 
adapt the ancient style or idiom to modern style and 
taste. 

MOD'ERN-lZED, pp. Rendered confonnable to modern 
usage. 

MOD'ERN-lZ-ER, n. He that renders modem. 

MOD'ERN-lZ-ING, ppr. Rendering modern. 

t MOD'ERN-LY, adv. In modern times. Milton. 

MOD'ERN-NESS, 72. The quality of being modern ; recent- 
ness ; novelty. 

MOD'ERXS, 7!. pin. Those who have lived in times recent- 
ly past, or are now living ; opposed to the ancients. 

MODEST, a. [Fr. modeste : L, modestus.] 1. Properly, 
restrained by a sense of propriety ; hence, not forward or 
bold ; not presumptuous or arrogant ; not boastful. 2. 
IS'ot bold or forward. 3. Not loose ; not lewd. 4. Mod- 
erate ; not excessive or extreme ; not extravagant. 

MOD'EST-Ll, arfy. 1. Not boldly; not arrogantly or pre- 
sumptuously; with due respect. 2. Not looselj^" or wan- 
tonly ; decently. 3. Not excessively ; not extrava- 
gantly. 

MOD'£ST-Y, 71. [L. modestia.] 1. Tliat lowly temper 
which accompanies a moderate estimate of one's own 
worth and importance. 2. Modesty, as an act or series of 
acts, consists in hiunble, unobtrusive deportment. 3. 
Moderation ; decency. — 4. In females, modesty has the 
like character as in males ; but the word is used also as 
synonymous with chastity, or purity of manners. 

MOD'EST-Y-PIeCE, 72. A narrow lace worn by females 
over the bosom. ..Addison. 

MO-DI-A'TION, n. [L. modiatio.] A measure. 

t MO-DIC'I-TY, n. [Fr. modicite, from L. modicus.'] Moder- 
ateness ; meanness; littleness. Cotirrave. 

MOD'I-eUM, 7(. [L.] A little; a Su.&U quantity. Dryden. 
• MOD'I-Fl-A-BLE, a. That may be modified or divereified 
bv various forms and ditferences. Locke. 

t Mb-DIF'I-CA-BLE, a. Divei-sifiable by various modes. 

M0D-I-FI-€a'TI0N, 71. 1. The act of modifying, or giving 
to any thing new forms, or difierences of external quali- 
ties or modes. 2. Particular form or manner. 

MOD'I-FlED, pp. 1. Changed in form or external qualities ; 
varied; diversified. 2. Moderated; tempered; qualified 
in exceptionable parts. 

MOD'I-FI-ER, 7!. He or that which modifies. 

MODT-FY, r. «. [Fr. modifier^ 1.. jnodificor.] 1. To change 
the form or external quafities of a thing ; to shape ; to give 
a new form of being to. 2. To varj' ; to give a new form 
to any thing. 3. To moderate ; to qualify ; to reduce in 
extent or degree. 

MOD'I-FY, r. i. To extenuate. L^Estrange. 

MOD 1-FY-12\G, ppr. Changing the external qualities ; giv- 
ing a new form to ; moderating. 

MO-DILL'ION, (mo-dil'yun) 7t. [It. modiglione ; Fr. modil- 
Ion.] In architecture, an ornament in the cornice of the 
Ionic, Corinthian and Composite columns. 

Mo DISH, a. According to the mode or customary manner ; 
fashionable. Dryden. 

aiC'DlSll-IjY, adv. Fashionably; In the customary mode. 
Locke. 

Mo'DISH-NESS, 72. I. The state of being fashionable. 2. 
Afiectation of the fashion. Johnson. 

MOD'U-LATE, v. t. [L. modular. 1 1. To form sound to a 
certain kev, or to a certain proportion. 2, To vary or in- 
flect sound in a natural, customary or musical manner. 



S MOL 

MOD'U-LA-TED, pp. Formed to a certain key ; varied , 
inflected. 

MOD U-LA-TING, ppr. Forming to a certain proportion ; 
varymg ; inflecting. 

MOD-U-La'TION, 72. ['L.modulatio ; ¥x. modulation.] I. 
The act of forming any thing to a certain proportion. 2. 
The act of inflecting the voice in reading or speaking ; a 
rising or falling of the voice.— 3. In music, the art of com- 
posing melody or harmony agreeable to the laws pre- 
scribed. 4. Sound modulated ; melody. 

MODU-LA-TOR, 72. He or that whicli modulates. 

MODTjLE, 72. [Fr. ; L. modulus.] 1. A model or represen- 
tation. — 2. lii architecture, a certain measure or size, taken 
at pleasure, for regulating the proportion of columns, and 
the symmetry or disposition of the whole building. 

MODULE, V. t. To model ; to shape ; to modulate. 

Mo'DUS, 72. [L.] A compensation for tithes ; an equivalent 
given to a parson or vicar, by the owners of land, in lieu 
of tithes. 

MOD WALL, 72. A bird. 

MoE, 72. 'A distorted mouth. See Mow. 

t MoE, a. More. Hooker. 

MO-GUL', 72. The name of a prince or emperor of the nation 
iji Asia called Moguls, or Monguls. 

Mo'HAIR, 72. [G. 7220/27- ; Fr. moire.] The hair of a kind of 
goat in Tmkey. 

Mo HAIR-SHELL, 72. In conchology, a peculiar species of 
valuta. 

MO-HAM'.ME-DAN, a. Pertaining to Mohanmied or Ma- 
homet. 

MO-HASI'ME-DAN, 71. A follower of Mohammed, the 
founder of the religion of Arabia and Persia. 

MO-HAM'ME-DAN-ISM, 72. The religion or doctrines and 
precepts of iVIohammed, contained in the Koran. 

MO-HAjMME-DAN-lZE, v. t. To render conformable to 
tjie modes or principles of the Mohammedans. 

MO'HAWK, } n. The appellation given to certain mfiiang 

Mo'HCiCK, ] who infested the streets of London. 

t MOI'DER, V. t. To puzzle ; to perplex ; to confound ; to 
distract. 

MOI'DORE, 7?. A gold coin of Portugal, valued at $6, or 
£1. 75. sterling. 

MOI'E-TY, 72. [Ft. moitie.] The half; one of two equal 
parts. Addison. 

MOIL, V. t. [Fr. mouiller.] 1. To daub ; to make dirty ; 
[little used.] 2. To weary. Chapman. 

SIOIL, V. i. [L. molior.] To labor; to toil ; to work with 
painful eftbrts. Dryden. 

t MOIL, 72. [Sax. 7?2aZ.] A spot. 

MOIST, a. [Fr. moite, for moiste.] 1. Moderately wet ; 
damp ; as, a moist atmosphere or air. 2. Containing 
water or other liquid in a perceptible degree. 

MOIST'EN, (mois n) v. t. To make damp ; to wet in a 
small degree. Bacon. 

t MOIST, as a verb, is obsolete. 

JMOIST'ENED, (mois'nd) pp. Made wet in a small degree. 

MOIST E2n-ER, (mois'ner) 72. He or that which moistens. 

JMOIST'EN-ING, (mois'ning) ppr. Wetting moderately. 

MOIST'FUL. a. Full of moisture. Drayton. 

M0IST'2\ESS, 72. Dampness; a small degree of wetness. 
Addison. 

MOIST'URE, n. [Fr. moiteur.] 1. A moderate degree of 
wetness. 2. A small quantity of any liquid. 

t MOIST'Y, a. Drizzling. 

t ftloKES of a net, the meshes. Ainsworth. 

tMO'KY, a. [\Y. mzcg.] Muggy ; dark; murky. 

Mc'LAR,fl. [L. 7?2oZ<z7is.] Having power to grind ; gnnd 
ing. Bacon. 

MO-LAS'SES, ) 72. sing. [It. mel-assa ; Sp. m.elaza ; Fr. 772e- 

ME-LXS'S£S, \ lasse. The orthography melasses, used 
by Edwards, in his History of the West Indies, is more 
accordant with etymology.] The syrup which drains 
from Muscovado sugar when cooling ; treacle. 

M6LD, 72. [Sax. mold, molda, myl ; W. 7?(oZ.] 1. Fine, soft 
earth, or earth easily pulverized, such as constitutes soil. 
2. A substance like down, which forms on bodies which 
lie long in warm and damp air. 3. Matter of which any 
tiling is formed. 

MoLD, 72. [Sp. molde ; Fr. moiLle ; W. mold.] 1. The ma- 
trix in which any thing is cast and receives its form. 2. 
Cast; form. 3. The suture or contexture of the skull. — 
4. In ship-b^dlding , a thin, flexible piece of timber, used 
as a pattern by which to form the curves of the timbers 
and compassing pieces. — 5. Among gold beaters, a num- 
ber of pieces of vellum, or a like substance, laid over one 
another, between which the leaves of gold and silver are 
laid for beating. 

MoLD, v.t. 1. To cause to contract mold. Knolles. 2. 
To cover with mold or soil. Edwards. 

MoLD, V, i. To contract mold ; to become moldy. 

MoLD, 2,'. t. 1. To form into a particular shape ; to shape , 
to model. Milton. 2. To knead. Ainsworth. 

MoLD'A-BLE, a. That may be molded or formed. 



* See Synopsis. A, K, I, 5, U, t, long.—FiiB., FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— HN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



MOM 539 



MOI^ 



MoLD'ED, pp. 1. Formed into a pailicular shape ; knead- 
ed. 2. Covered with mold. 
MoLD'ER, 71. He who molds or forms into shape. 
MoLlD'ER, 27. i. [Dan. TOwZ/ier.] 1. To turn to dust by natu- 
ral decay ; to crumble ; to perish. 2. To be diminished ; 
to waste away gradually. 
MoLD'ER, V. t. To turn to dust ; to crumble ; to waste. 
MoLD'ER- ING, p;)r. Turning to dust j crumbling; wasting 

away. 
MoLD'I-jVESS, n. The state of being moldy. 
Mold ING, ppr. Forming into shape ; kneading. 
MoLD'ING, n. Any thing cast in a mold, or which ap- 
pears to be so ; in architecture, a projecture beyond the 
wall, column, wainscot, &c. 
MoLD -WARP, 71. [Sax. 7nol-d and weorpan.] A mole. 
MoLD'Y, a'. Overgrown with mold. .Addison. 
MOLE, n. [Sax. mccl, mal.] 1. A spot, mark or small per- 
manent protuberance on the human body. 2. [L, mola.] 
A mass of fleshy matter, of a spherical figure, generated 
in the uterus. 
MOLS, n. [L. moles; Fr. mole.] 1. A mould or massive 
work formed of large stones laid in the sea before a 
port, which it serves to defend from the violent impulse 
of the waves. 2. Among the Romans, a kind of mau- 
soleum. 
MOLE, n. [D. mol.] A small animal. 
MOLE, I', t. To clear of mole-hills. [Local.] Pegge, 
MoLE'-BAT, 71. A fish. Ainsioorth. 
MoLE'-€AST, n. A little elevation of earth made by a 

mole. 
MoLE'-€ATCH-ER, n. One whose employment is to catch 

moles. Tusser. 
MoLE'-€RI€K-ET, n. An insect of the genus gryllus. 
MoLE'eULE, 71. [Fr.] A very minute particle of matter. 
MoLE'-EyED, a. Having very small eyes ; blind. 
MoLE'-HILL, 71. [ W. vialur.] A little hillock or elevation 

of earth thrown up by moles ; a very small hill. 
MO-LEST', V. t. [Fr. molester.] To trouble ; to disturb; to 

render uneasy. Hooker. 
MOL-ES-Ta'TION, n. Disturbance ; annoyance ; uneasi- 
ness given. Broicn. 
MO-LEST'ED, ;);?. Disturbed; troubled; annoyed. 
MO-LEST'ER, 71. One that disturbs. 
MO-LEST'FUL, a. Troublesome. 
MO-LEST'ING, ppr. Disturbing ; troubling. 
MoLE'-TRA€K, 11. The course of a mole under ground. 
MoLE'-WARP, ?!. A mole. Sse Mole and Mold-warp. - 
Mo'LI-EN,"n. A flowering tree of Chma. Grosier. 
\ MO-LIM'I-NOUS, a. [from L. vwliriien.] Very important. 
MOL'LIMST, 71. A follower of the opinions oi Molina. 
MOL'LI-ENT, a. [L. moUiens.] Softening ; assuaging ; les- 
sening. See Emollient. 
MOL'LI-FI-A-BLE. a. That may be softened. 
M0L-LI-FI-€a'TI0I\% n. 1. The act of mollifying or soft- 
ening. 2. Mitigation ; an appeasing. Shak. 
MOL'LT-FlED, /)^. Softened; appeased. 
MOL-LI-Fl'ER, 71. 1. That which softens, appeases oi- 

mitigates^ 2. He that softens, mitigates or pacifies, 
MOLLI-FY, v.t. ['L.monio; Fr. mollir.] 1. To soften ; to 
make soft or tender. Is. i. 2. To assuage, as pain or ir- 
ritation. 3. To appease : to pacify ; to calm or quiet. 
4. To qualify ; to reduce in harshness or asperity. 
MOL-LUS'€A, n. [from L. 7nollis.] In zoology, a division 
or class of animals whose bodies are soft, without an in- 
ternal skeleton, or articulated covering. 
MOL-LUS'CAN, ) a. Pertaining to the mollusca, or par- 
MOL-LUS'€OUS, \ takmg of their properties. 
MO-LOS'SUS, n. [Gr.] In GreeJc and Latin verse, a foot of 

tjiree long syllables. 
SloLT, V. i. [W. moel.] To shed or cast the hair, feathers, 

skin, horns, &:c. ; as an animal. 
MoLT'EN, pp. of melt. 1. Melted ; [obs.] 2. a. Made of 

melted metal. 
MoLT'ING, ppr. Casting or shedding a natural covering, 

as hair, feathers, skin or horns. 
MoLT'ING, 71. The operation by v/hich certain animals 

cast off or lose their hair, feathers, skins, horns, &c. 
Mo'LY, 7). [Gr. f^wXu.] Wild garlic. 

I^IO-LYB'DEX, I n. [Gr. jjioXvjSSaiva.] An ore of molyb- 
MOLYB-DE'NA, i deiium. ^ 

MO-LYB'DE-NOUS, a. Pertaining to molvbden. 
MO-LYB-DE'NUM, n. A brittle metal. 
I\IO:\[E, 71. [Fr. 7?io77io«.] A dull, silent person ; a stupid 

fellow ; a stock ; a post. Spenser. 
Mo'MENT, n. [L. momentum.] 1. The most minute and in- 
divisible part of time ; an instant. 2. Force ; impulsive 
power. 3. Importance in influence or effect; conse- 
quence ; weight or value. 
tMO-MENT'AL, a. Important. 
MO-MENT'AL-LY, adv. For a moment. Brown. 
f MO-I\IEN-Ta'NE-OUS, or f Mo'MENT-A-NY. See Mo- 
mentary. 
Mo'MENT A-RI-LY, a«Z75. Every moment. Shenstone. 



Mo MENT-A-RY, a. Done in a moment ; continuing only 
a moment ; lasting a very short tune. 

Mo'MENT-LY, fldw. 1. For a moment. 2. In a moment, 
every moment. 

MO-MENT'OUS, a. Important; weighty; of consequence. 

MO-MENT'UM, 71. [L.] In 77tec/ia7iicsj impetus; the quan- 
tity ol motion in a moving body. 

MoM'MER-Y, or MUM'MER-Y, ti. [Fr. momerie.] An en- 
tertainment or frolick hi masks ; a farcical entertainment 
m which masked persons play antic tricks. 

Mo'MOT, 71. The name of a genus of birds. 

MON'A-€HAL, a. [Fr.; L. monachus.] Pertaining to monks 
or a monastic life ; monastic. 

MON'A-€HISM, ?i. [Fr. monachisme ; It. monachismo.] The 
state of monies ; a monastic life. 

*M0N'AD>,7i. \Gy. Jiovag.] 1. An ultimate atom, or simple 
unextended point. Leibnitz. 2. An indivisible thing. 
Good. 

JION'A-DELPH, n. [Gr. /.tovoj and oleX^oi.] In botany, a 
plant whose stanieiis are united in one body by the fila- 
ments. 

MON-A-DELPH'I-AN, a. Having the stamens united in 
one body by the filaments. 

M0-NAD'I£;, ) a. Having the nature or character of a 

MO-NAD I-€AL, ^ monad. Jllore. 

MO-NANiDER, n. [Gr. jxovoi and avr/p.] In botany, a 
plant having one stamen only. 

IMO-NAN'DRl-AN, a. Having one stamen only. 

MON'AR€!H, 7i. [It., Sp. mouarca ; Fr. Jiionaroue.] 1. The 
prince or ruler of a nation, who is vested with absolute 
sovereign power; an emperor, king or prince invested 
with an unlimited power. 2. A king or prince, the su- 
preme magistrate of a nation, whose powers are in some 
respects limited by the constitution of the government. 
3. He or that which is superior to others of the same 
kind. 4. One that presides ; president. 

MON'ARCH, a. Supreme ; ruling. Pope. 

MO-NARCH'AL, a. Pertaining to a monarch; suiting a 
monarch ; sovereign ; regal ; imperial. 

MON' ARCH-ESS, n. A female monarch ; an empress. 

MO-NARCH'ie, I a. 1. Vested in a single ruler. 2. Per- 

MO-NaR€H'I-€AL, ) taining to monarchy, 

M0N'AR-€HIST, n. An advocate of monarchy. 

MON'AR-CHiZE, v. i. To play the king ; to act the mon- 
arch. Shak. 

MON'AR-CHlZE, v. t. 1. To lale ; to govern. 2. To con- 
vert into a monai-chy. 

MON'AR-CHY, 71. [Gr. pova^x'-'^-] !• ^ ^tate or govern- 
ment in wliich the supreme power is lodged in the hands 
of a single person. 2. A kingdom ; an empire. 

* MON'AS-TER-Y, n. [Fr. monastere ; Sp. monasterio ; Low 
L. monastcrium.] A house of religious retirement, 01 of 
seclusion from ordinary temporal concerns. 

MO-NAS'TIC, ) a. [Fr. vionastique ; It. monastic ; 

MO-NAS'TI-€AL, \ Low L. monasticiis .] Pertaining to 
monasteries, mojiks and nuns ; recluse ; secluded from 
the temporal concerns of life, and devoted to religion. 

MO-NAS'TlC, 7?. A monk. 

MO-NAS'TI-€AL-LY, adc. Reclusely; in a retired man- 
ner; in the manner of monks. Swift. 

M0-NAS'TI-CIS]\I, n. Monastic life. Milner. 

MoN'DAY, 71. [Sax. monandag ; G. montag ,- moon and day ; 
being formerly sacred to that planet.] The second day 
of the vi^eek. 

MONDE, 71. [Fr.] The world ; also, a globe, an ensign of 
authority. Driunmond. 

MO-Ne'CIAN, 77. [Gi-. povoq and otKro?.] In botany, one o? 
that class of plants, whose male and female flowers are 
on tlie same plant. 

MO-Ne'CIAN, a. Pertaining to the class of plants above 
described. 

MoN'EY, 71. ,• plu. Moneys. [Sax. mynet ,• Fr. monnoie ; 
L., It. moneta.] 1. Coin ; stamped metal ; any piece of 
metal, usually gold, silver or copper, stamped by public au- 
thority, and used as the medium of commerce. 2. Bank 
notes or bills of credit issued by authority, and exchange- 
able for coin, or redeemable, are also called money 3. 
Wealth ; affluence. 

t MoN'EY, ^•. t. To supply with money. Tyndal. 

MoN'EY-AGE, n. Anciently, in England, a general land 
tax, a shilling on each hearth. Hume. 

MoN'EY-BAG, n. A bag or purse for holding money. 

MoN'EY-BOX, 77. A box or till to hold money. 
JMoN'EY-BRoK-ER, n. A broker who deals in money. 
MoN'EY-CHaN-GER, 71. A broker who deals in njoney or 

exchanges. JlrbxUhnot. 
MoN'EYED, (mun'id) a. I. Rich in money ; having money ; 

able to command money. 2. Consisting in money. 
M6N'EY-ER, 77. 1. A banker; one who deals in money. 

2. A coiner of money ; [little used.] 
M6N'EY-LEND-ER, n. One who lends money. 
MoN'EY-LESS, a. Destitute of monev; pennyless. 
MoN'EY-MAT-TER, 71. An account consisting of charges 



Sc( Synopsis jM5VE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE — € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, j Obsolete. 



MON 



540 



MON 



<>t mcney ; an account between debtor and creditor. Af- 
iuthnz L 

MoN'EY SCRIV-EN-ER, n. A person who raises money 
for others. Arbuthnot. 

MoN'EY-SPIN-NER, n. A small spider. 

MoN'EY'S-WoRTH, n. 1. Something that will bring mon- 
ey. 2. Full value j the worth of a thing in money. 

MoN'EY- WORT, n. A plant of the genus lysimachia. 

M6NG'€0RN, n. [Sax. mang, and corn.] Mixed corn, as 
wheat and rye. 

MoN'GER, n.- [Sax. mangere.] A trader; a dealer ; now 
used only or chiefly in composition ; as, iron-monger. 

MoN'GREL, a. [from Sax. mengan.] Of a mixed breed; 
of different kihds. Swift. 

MoN'GREL, 71. An animal of a mixed breed. 

MO-NIL'I-FORM) a. [L. monile.] Like a necklace. 

MON'I-MENT n. .{L. monimentum.] 1. An inscription; 
something to preserve memory ; [obs.] 2. A mark ; an 
image ; a superscription. Spenser. 

t MON'ISH, V. t. To admonish ; to warn. 

MON'ISH-ER, n. An admonisher, which see. 

t MONISH-MENT, n. Admonition. 

MO-Nl"TION, ?i. [Fr, ; 1,. monitio.] 1. Warning; instruc- 
tion given by way of caution. 2. Information ; indica- 
tion. 

MON'I-TlVE, a. Admonitory ; conveying admonition. 

MON'1-TOR, n. [L.] 1. One who warns of faults, or in- 
forms of duty ; one who gives advice and instruction by 
way of reproof or caution. — 2. In schools, a person au- 
thorized to look to the scholars in the absence of the in- 
structor, or to notice the absence or faults of the scholars, 
or to instruct a division or class. 

MON-l-To'RI-AL, a. 1. Relating to a monitor. 2. Per- 
formed by a monitor. 3. Conducted by or under the in- 
struction of monitors, or subordinate teachers. 

MON'I-TO-RY, a. Giving admonition ; warning ; instruct- 
ing by way of caution. L'Estrange. 

MON'[-TO-RY, n. Admonition ; warning. Bacon. 

MON'I-TRESS, 71. A female monitor. 

M6NK, n. [Gr. [xova^og ; L. monachus ; Sax. monec.'] A 
man who retires from the ordinary temporal concerns of 
the world, and devotes himself to religion. 

M6NK'ER-Y, n. The life of monks ; the monastic life. 

MoNK'EY, 7t. [It. monicchio.] 1. The popular name of the 
ape and baboon. 2. A name of contempt or of slight 
iwindness. 

MoNK'HOOD, «.. Thecharacter of a monk. Atterbury. 

MoNK'ISilj a. Like a monk, ok pertaining to monks ; mo- 
nastic. 

MoNK'S'HEAD, n. A plant of the genus leontodon. 

MoNK'S'HOOD, n. A plant of the genus aconitum. 

MoNK'S'RHu-BARB, n. A plant of the genus rumez, a 
species of dock. 

MO-NOC'E-ROS, n. [Gr. jiovog and /c£paj.] The unicorn. 

MON'O-eHORD, n. [Gr. ixovos and X°9^^'} -^ musical in- 
strument of one string. 

MON-0-€HRO-MAT'I€, a. [Gr. jxovos and X9'^F'^-'\ Con- 
sisting of one color, or presenting rays of light of one color 
only. 

MON'0-€0-TYLE, ) a. Having only one seed- 

M0N-0-€O-TY-LED'O-N0US, \ lobe or seminal leaf. 

lMON-0-€0-TYL'E-DON, n. [Gr. iiovos and KOTo\r,^u)v.'] In 
botany, a plant with only one cotyledon or seed-^.obe. 

MO-NOOU-LAR, ) a. [Gr. fiovog, and L. oculus.'] Having 

MO-NO0IJ-LOUS, i one eye only. 

MON'0-€ULE, n. An insect with one eye. 

MON-O-DAG'TY-LOUS, a. Having one finger or toe. 

MON'O-DIST, n. One who writes monodies. Scott. 

MON'O-DON, n. [Gr. novohovg.'] The unicorn fish, or sea- 
unicorn. 

MON'O-DY, n. [Gr. iiLovh>hia.'] A song or poem sung by one 
person only. Johnson. 

MON'O-GAM, n. [Gr. jxovos and ya/j??.] In botany, a plant 
that has a simple flower, though the anthers are united. 

MON-O-GAM'I-AN, a. Pertaining to the order of plants that 
have a simple flower. Lee. 

MO-WOG'A-MIST, n. One who disallows second marriages. 
Johnson. 

MO-NOG'A-MOUS, a. Having one wife only, and not per- 
mitted to marry a second. 

M()-N0G'a-MY, n. The marriage of one wife only, or the 
slate of such as are restrained to a single wife. 

MON'O-GRAM, n. [Gr. pLOVog and ypaiiij-a.] A character or 
cipher composed of one, two or more letters Interwoven, 
being an abbreviation of a name ; used on seals, &c. 

MON'O-GRAM-MAL, a. Sketching in the manner of a 
monogram. Fothcrby. 

MON'O-GRAPH, n. [Gr. [lovog and ypa^w.] An account or 
description of a single thing or class of things. 

MON-0-GRAPH'I€, ) a. 1, Drawn in hues without 

MON-0-GRAPH'I-€AL, I colors, 2. Pertaining to a mon- 
ograph 



M0-N0G'RA-PH¥, n. [Gr. yiovog and ypa^u.] A descrip- 
tion drawn in lines without colors. 

MON'O-GYN, n. [Gr. [kovos and yvvri.'] In botany, a plant 
having only one style or stigma. Smith. 

MON-0-GYN'I-AN, a. Pertaining to the order monogynia 
having only one style or stigma. 

MON'O-LOGUE, (mon'o-log) n. [Gr. novoXoyia.l 1. A so- 
liloquy ; a speech uttered by a person alone. 2. A poem, 
song or scene composed for a single performer. 

MO-NOM'A-€HY, n. [Gr. inovoytaxia.} A duel; a single 
combat. 

MON'OME, 71. [Gr. jiovog and ovojia.l In algebra, a quanti- 
ty that has one name only. Harris. 

MO-No'MI-AL, 7id In algebra, a quantity expressed by one 
name or letter. 

MO-NOP'A-THY, n. [Gr. jjlovos and naOsia.] Solitary suf- 
fering or sensibility. Whitlock. 

MON-O-PET'A-LOUS, a. [Gr. ixovos and TieroKov.] In bot- 
any, having only one petal, or a one-petaled corol. Martyn. 

MON'OPH-THONG, n. [Gr. /xoj/oj and fBoyyos.'] A simple 
vowel-sound. Beattie. 

MON-OPH-THON'GAL, a. Consisting of a simple vowel- 
sound. Beattie. 

MO-NOPH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. /^ovoj and <pv\\ov.] Having 
one leaf only. 

MO-NOPH'Y-SITE, n. [Gr. novo? and <pvai?.] One who 
maintains that Jesus Clmst had but one nature. 

MO-NOP'O-LIST, or MO-NOP'O-LlZ-ER, n. [Sp., It. tbo- 
nopol'ista.] One that monopolizes. 

MO-NOP'O-LiZE, v.t. [Gr. jJiovog and nu)\£(!> ; Fr. monop- 
oler.] 1. To purchase or obtain possession of the whole of 
any commodity or goods in market with the view of sell- 
ing them at advanced prices. 2. To engross or obtain, by 
any means, the exclusive right of trading to any place. 3. 
To obtain the whole. 

MO-NOP'O-LY, 71. [Fr. monopole ; L. monopolium.] The 
sole power of vending any species of goods. 

*MO-NOFTOTE, w. [Gr. /<ovof and ^rrwffij,] A noun hav- 
ing only one oblique case. Clarke. 

MON-0-SPERM'OUS, a. [Gr. [jiovos and cmpixa.] Having 
one seed only. 

MON'O-STICH, 71. [Gr. povoaTi^ov.] A composition consist- 
ing of one verse only. 

MON-0-STROPH'I€, a. [Gr. novo(TTpo(pos.] Having one 
strophe only ; not varied in measure ; written in unvaried 
measure. 

MON-0-SYL-LAB'ie, ) a. 1. Consisting of one sylla- 

M0N-0-SYL-LAB'I-€AL, \ ble. 2. Consisting of words 
of one syllable. 

MON-0-SYL'LA-BLE, n. [Gr. ixovog and avWa^rj.] A word 
of one syllable. 

MON-0-SYL'LA-BLED, a. Formed into one syllable. 

MON'O-THE-ISM, ?(. [Gr. jiovos and deo;.] The doctrine or 
belief of the existence of one God only. 

MO-NOTH'E-LITE, n. [Gr. fxovos and deXtjais.} One who 
holds that Christ had but one will. Milner. 

MON'O-TONE, n. In rhetoric, a sameness of sound. 

MON-O-TON'LCAL, \ ""• Monotonous. [Little used.] 

MO-NOT'0-NOUS, a. Continued in the same tone, without 
inflection or cadence; unvaried in tone. 

MO-NOT'O-NOUS-LY, adv. With one uniform tone ; with- 
out inflection of voice. Mares. 

MO-NOT'O-NY, n. [Gr. iiovorovia.'] 1. Uniformity of tone or 
sound ; want of inflections of voice in speaking ; want of 
cadence or modulation. 2. Uniformity ; sameness. Irving. 

MON'SIEUR, (mos'seer) n. [Fr.] Sir; Mr. Pope. 

MON-SOON', n. A periodical wind, blowing six months 
from the same quarter or point of the compass, then chang- 
ing, and blowing the same time from the opposite quarter 

MON'STER,7i. [L. monsirmn.] 1. An animal produced with 
a shape or with parts that are not natural. 2. Any un- 
natural production ; something greatly deformed. 3. A 
person so wicked as to appear horrible ; one unnaturally 
wicked or mischievous. 

t MON'STER, V. t. To make monstrous. Shak. 

MON'STER-TaM-ING, a. Taming monsters. 

MON-STROS'I-TY, n. 1. The state of being monstrous, oi 
out of the common order of nature. 2. An unnatural pro- 
duction ; that which is monstrous. 

MON'STROUS, a. [L. monstrosus.l 1. Unnatural in form, 
deviating greatly from the natural form ; out of the com- 
mon course of nature. 2. Strange ; very wonderful. 3 
Enormous ; huge ; extraordinary. 4. Shocking to the 
sight or other senses ; hateful. 

MON'STROUS, adv. Exceedingly; very much, [vulgar.l 
Dryden. 

MON"'STROUS-LY, adv. 1. In a manner out of the common 
order of nature ; hence, shockingly ; terribly; hideously; 
horribly. 2. To a great degree; enormously; extrava- 
gantly. 



Srjnovsis. A, E, T, O, tJ, ^, long.—FKB,, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— t Obsolete 



* See 



MOO 



541 



MOR 



MON'STROUS-NESS, n. 1. The state of being monstrous. 

2. Enormity ; irregular nature or behavior. 
MON-TAN'I€, a. [L. montanus.] Pertaining to mountains j 

consisting in mountains. Kirwan, 
MON'TA-NISM, n. The tenets of Montanus. 
MON'TA-NIST, n. A follower of Montanus. 

E-TAlNllTI-eAL, I ''■ Pertaining to Montanism. 
MON'TA-NiZE, v. i. To follow the opinions of Montanus. 

Hooker. 

MONT'ANT, n. [Fr.] A term in fencing. Shak. 

MON-Te'RO, 71. [Sp. montera.] A horseman's cap. Ba- 
con. 

MON-TETH', n. A vessel in which glasses are washed. 

Month, n. rSax. monath, from mona, the moon 5 D. maand ; 
G. monath.] A space or period of time constituting a division 
of the year. A lunar or periodical month consists of one 
revolution of the moon, a lunation, or the period from one 
change or conjunction of the moon with the sun to another, 
consisting of 27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes and 5 seconds. 
A solar month is the space of time in which the sun passes 
through one sign, or a twelfth part of the zodiac, contain- 
ing 30 days, 10 hours, 29 minutes, 5 seconds. In the year, 
there are twelve solar months, and thirteen lunar months. 
— In popular language, four weeks are called a month, 
being nearly the length of the lunar month. A calendar 
month differs in some degree from a solar month ; consist- 
ing of twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty or thirty-one 
days, as the months stand in calendars or almanacs. 

MoNTH'LY, a. 1. Continued a month, or performed in a 
month. 2. Done or happening once a month, or every 
month. 

MoNTH'LY, adv. 1. Once a month ; in every month. 2. 
As if under the influence of the moon ; in the manner of 
a lunatic ; [obs.] 

MoNTH'S-MiND, n. Earnest desire ; strong inclination. 
Hudibras. 

MONT-MaR'TRITE, n. A mineral of a yellowish color. 

MON-TOIR', (mon-twor') n. [Fr.] In horsemanship, a stone 
used for aiding to mount a horse. 

MON-TROSS', n. An under gunner, or assistant to a gun- 
ner, engineer or fire-master. Diet. 

MON'U-MENT, n. [L. monumentum.] 1. Any thing by 
which the memory of a person or an event is preserved or 
perpetuated. 2. A stone or a heap of stones or other du- 
rable thing, intended to mark the bounds of states, towns 
or distinct possessions, and preserve the memory of di- 
visional lines. JSTeiD England. 3. A thing that reminds 
or gives notice. 

MON-U-MENT'AL, a. 1. Pertainmg to a monument. 2. 
Serving as a monument; memorial; preserving memory. 

3. Belonging to a tomb. 

MON-U-MENT'AL-LY, adv. By way of memorial. 

MOOD, n. [Fr. mode ; L. modus.] 1. The form of an argu- 
ment. 2. Style of music. 3, The variation of a verb to 
express manner of action or being. See Mode. 

MOOD, n. [Goth., Sax., Sw. mod.] J. Temper of mind ; 
temporary state of the mind in regard to passion or feel- 
ing ; humor. 2. Anger; heat of temper. Hooker. 

f MOOD'I-LY, adv. [from moody.] Sadly. 

MOOD'I-NESS, 71. Anger ; peevishness. 

MOOD'Y, a. [Sax. modig.] Angry ; peevish ; fretful ; out 
of humor. 2. Mental; intellectual; [obs.] 3. Sad ; pen- 
sive. 4. Violent; furious. 

MOON, 71. [Sax. mona ; D. maan ; G. mond.] 1. The heav- 
enly orb which revolves round the earth ; a secondary 
planet or satellite of the earth. 2. A month. — Half-moon, 
m fortification, a figure resembling a crescent. 

MOON'-BeAM., n. A ray of light from the moon, 

MOON'-€ALP, n. 1. A monster ; a false conception. 2. A 
mole or mass of fleshy matter generated in the uterus. 
3. A dolt ; a stupid fellow. 

MOONED, a. Taken for the moon. Milton. 

MOON'ET^7i. A little moon. Hall. 

MOON'-EYE, 71. An eye affected by the moon. 

MOON'-EYED, a. Having eyes affected by the revolu- 
tions of the moon. 2. Dim-eyed; purblind. 

MOON'FERN, n. A plant. Ainsworth. 

MOON'-FISH, n. A fish whose tail is shaped like a half- 
moon. Qreio. 

MOON'ISH, a. Like the moon ; variable. Shak. 

MOON'LESS, a. Not favored with moon-light. 

MOON'LTGHT, n. The light afforded by the moon. 

MOON'UGHT, a. Illuminated by the moon. Shak. 

MOON'LING, 77, A simpleton. B. Jonson. 

MOON'LoVED, a. Loved when the moon shines. 

MOON'-SAD, 71. A plant of the genus menispcrmum. 

MOON'-SEED, n. A plant. MilUr. 

MOON'SHlNE, n. 1. The light of the moon. Dryden. 2. 
In burlesque, a month. Shak. — .^ matter of moonshine, a 
matter of no consequence. 

MOON SHINE 



MOON'SHlN-Y, 



a. Illuminated by the moon. Clarendon. 



MOON'STONE, n. A variety ofadularia. 



MOON'STRU€K, a. Affected by the influence of the moon ; 
lunatic. Milton. 

MOON'-TRe'FOIL, 71. A plant of the genus medicago. 

MOON'-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus lunaria ; satin- 
flower; honesty. 

MOON'Y, a. Lunated ; having a crescent for a standard ; 
in resemblance of the moon. Fenton, 

MOOR, 71. [Sax. mor ; G. mohr.] 1. A trfc.et of land overrun 
with heath. 2. A marsh ; a fen ; a tract of wet, low 
ground, or ground covered with stagnant water. 

MOOR, 71. [D. moor ; G. mohr ; Fr. inaurc] A naiiveof the 
northern coast of Africa, called by the Romans, from the 
color of the people, Mauritania, the country of dark-com 
plexioned people. 

MOOR, V. t. [Sp., Port, amarra, a cable.] To confine or se 
cure a ship in a particular station. 

MOOR, V. i. To be confined by cables or chains. 

MOOR'AGE, n. Station where to moor. Otia Sacra. 

MOOR'-GaME, 71. Red game ; grouse. Johnson. 

MOORrpowV ^«- A fowl of the genus tetrao, found In 

MOOR'-HEN ) "^°^^^ '■> red-game ; gor-cock. 

MOORED, pp. Made fast in a station. 

MOOR'ING, ppr. Confining to a station. 

MOOR'ING, n. In seamen^s language, moorings are the 

anchors, chains and bridles laid athwart the bottom of a 

river or harbor to confine a ship. 
MOOR'ISH, a. 1. Marshy ; fenny ; watery. 2. Pertaining 

to the Moors in Africa. 
MOOR'L AND, n. 1. A marsh or tract of low, watery ground. 

2. Land rising into moderate hills, foul, cold and full of 
bogs. 

MOOR'STONE, 77. A species of granite. Woodward. 

MOOR'Y, a. Marshy ; fenny ; boggy ; watery. 

MOOSE, (moos) n. [a native Indian name.] An animal of 
the genus cervus, and the largest of the deer kind. 

MOOT, V. t. [Sax. motian.] To debate ; to discuss ; to argue 
for and against. 

MOOT, V. i. To argue or plead on a supposed cause. 

MOOT, \ n. A point, case or question to be mooted 

MOOT'-€ASE, > or debated ; a disputable case ; an un- 

MOOT'-POINT, ) settled question. 

MOOT'ED, pp. Debated ; disputed ; controverted. 

MOOT'ER, 71. A disputer of a mooted case. 

t MOOT'-HALL, ; n. A town hall ; hall of judgment. 

t MOOT'-HOUSE, \ WicMiffe. 

MOOTi/NG, ppr. Disputing ; debating for exercise. 

MOOT'ING, n. The exercise cf disputing. 

MOP, 71. [W. mop, or 77io;;a.] 1. A piece of cloth, or a col- 
lection of thrums or coarse yarns fastened to a handle and 
used for cleaning floors. 2. A wry mouth ; [obs.] Shak. 

MOP, V. t. To rub or wipe with a mop- 

t MOP, v. i. To make a wry mouth. Shak. 

MOPE, V. i. To be very stupid ; to be very dull ; to drowse j 
to be spiritless or gloomy. 

MOPE, v. t. To make stupid or spiritless. 

MOPE, n. A stupid or iow-spirited person ; a drone. 

MoPED, pp. Made stupid. Locke. 

MoPE'-EYED, a. Short-sighted ; purblind. 

MoP'ING, ppr. Affected with dullness ; spiritless ; gloomy. 

MoP'ISH, a. Dull ; spiritless ; stupid ; dejected. 

MoP'ISH-NESS, 77. Dejection ; dullness ; stupidity. 

MOP'PET, ; n. A rag-baby ; a puppet made of cloth ; a 

MOP'SEY, \ fondling name of a little girl. 

MOP'SI-CAL, a. That cannot see well ; mope-eyed ; stupid 

Mo'PUS, n. A mope ; a drone. Svnft. 

MOR'AL, a. [Fr., Sp. moral ; It. morale ; L. moralis.] 1 
Relating to the practice, manners or conduct of men as 
social beings in relation to each other, and with reference 
to right and wrong. 2. Subject to the moral law, and ca- 
pable of moral actions ; bound to perform social duties 

3. Supported by the evidence of reason or probability ; 
founded on experience of the ordinary course of things. 

4. Conformed to rules of right, or to the divine law re- 
specting social duties ; virtuous ; just. 5. Conformed to 
law and right in exterior deportment. 6. Reasoning or 
instructing with regard to vice and virtue. — Moral law, 
the law of God which prescribes the moral or social duties. 
— Moral sense, an innate or natural sense of right and 
wrong. Paley. — Moral philosophy, the science of manners 
and duty. 

MOR'AL, 71. 1. Morality ; the doctrine or practice of the 
duties of life ; [l.u.] 2. The doctrine inculcated by a 
fiction ; the accommodation of a fable to form the morals. 
Dryden. 

t MOR'AL, V. i. To moralize. 

jMOR'AL-ER, 71, A moralizer. Shak. 

MOR'AL-IST, n. [It. moralista ; Fr. moraliste.] I. One who 
teaches the duties of life. 2. One who practices morai 
duties ; a mere moral person. Hammond. 

MO-RAL'I-TY, 77, [Fr, moralite.] 1. The doctrine or system 
of moral duties, or the duties of men in their social charac- 
ter ; ethics. 2, The practice of the moral duties ; virtue 
3. The quality of aa action which renders it good. 



♦ See Synopsis. MoVE, BQOK, D6VE ;— B1JLL, UNITE.— € as K ; as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH 5 TH as in this, t Obsoleta 



MOR 



542 



MOR 



MOR-AL-I-ZA'TION, ?i. 1. Moral reflections, or the act of 
making moral reflections. Warton. 2. Explanation in a 
moral sense. Elyot. 

MOR'AL-iZE, V. t. [Fr. moraliser.] 1. To apply to a moral 
purpose, or to explain in a moral sense. 2. To furnish 
with manners or examples. S. To render moral or vir- 
tuous ; to correct the morals of. 

MOR'AL-iZE, V. i. To speak or write on moral subjects, or 
to makemorEil reflections. 

MOR'AL-lZED, pp. 1. Applied to a moral purpose, or ex- 
plained in a moral sense. 2. Rendered moral or less cor- 
rupt. 

MOR'AL-lZ-ER, n. One who moralizes. 

MOR'AL-lZ-ING, ppr. 1. Applying to a moral purpose, or 
explaining in a moral sense. 2. Making moral reflections 
in words or writing. 

MOR'AL-lZ-ING, n. The application of facts to a moral 
purpose, or the making of moral reflections. 

MOR'AL-LY, adv. 1. In a moral or ethical sense ; accord- 
ing to the rules of morality. 2. Virtuously; honestly. 3. 
According to the rules of the divine law. 4. According 
to the evidence of human reason or of probabilities. 

MOR'ALS, n. plu. 1. The practice of the duties of life. 2. 
Conduct •, behavior ; course of life, in regard to good and 
evil. 

MO-RASS', n [D. moeras ,• Sw. moras ; Fr. marais.] A 
marsh ; a fen ; a tract of low, moist ground. Watts. 

MO-RASS'Y, a. Marshy; fenny. Pennant. 

MO-Ra'VI-AN, a. Pertaining to Moravia, or to the United 
Brethren. 

MO-Ra' VI-AN, n. One of a religious sect, called the United 
Brethren. 

M0R*BID, a. [L. morbidus.] Diseased ; sickly ; not sound 
and healthtui. 

MOR'BID-NESS, n. A state of being diseased or unsound. 

MOR-BIF'I€, ) a. [Fr. morbifique.] Causing disease ; 

MOR-BIF'I-€AL, \ generating a sickly state. 

MOR-BIL'LOUS, a. [L. morbillL] Pertaining to the measles ; 
measly ; partaking of the nature of measles. 

MOR-BoSE', a. [L. morbosus.] Proceeding from disease ; 
unsound; unhealthy. Ray. 

MOR-BOS'1-TY, n. A diseased state. Brown. 

MOR-Da'CIOUS, a. [L. 7ftorrfax.] Biting; given to biting. 
Evelyn. 

PTOR-Da'CIOUS-LY, adv. In a biting manner ; sarcastical- 
iv. Waterhouse. 

MOR-DAC'I-TY, «. [L. mordacitas.] The quality of biting. 

iMOR DANT, 71. [Fr.] A substance which has a chemical 
uffinity for coloring matter, and sei-ves to fix colors ; such 
as alum. 

M0R'DI-€AN-CY, n. A biting qualitv ; corrosiveness. 

MOR'DI-CANT, a. [Fr.] Biting ; acrid. 

MOR-DI-€a'TION, n. [from L. mordeo.] The act of biting 
or corroding; corrosion. Bacon. 

MORE, ffl. [Sax rraore, mara, or ma?-e.] 1. Greater in quality, 
degree or amount. 2. Greater in number; exceeding in 
numbers. 3. Greater. 4. Added to some former num- 
ber ; additional. 

MORE, adv. 1. To a greater degree. 2. It is used with the ; 
as, they hated him yet the more. 3. It is used to modify 
an adjective, and form the comparative degree, having the 
same force and effect as the termination er, in monosylla- 
bles ; as, more wise. 4. A second or another time ; again. 
— J\ro more, not continuing ; existing no longer ; gone ; 
deceased or destroyed ; as, Cassius is no more. — Much 
more, m a greater degree or with more readiness ; more 
abundantly. — More and more, with continual increase. 

AIORE, a noun, or substitute for a noun. 1. A greater quan- 
tity, amount or number. 2. Greater thing ; other thing ; 
something further ; as, we can do no more. 

y MORE, V. t. To make more. Oower. 

MuRE, 7!.. 1. [Sax. 77ZO?-.] A hill. 2. [Sax. 7?iora7i.] A root. 

MO-REEN', n. A stuff" used for curtains, &;c. 

MO-REL', n. [It. morella ; Fr. morelle.] 1. Garden night- 
shade. 2. A kind of cherry. 

MoRE'LAND. See Moorland. 

f MCRE'NESS, n. Greatness. tVickliffe. 

MORE-o'VER, adv. [wjoreand over.] Beyond what has been 
said ; further ; besides ; also ; likewise. 

MO-RESK', I a. [Fr, ; It. moresco.] Done after the 

MO-RESaUE', \ manner of the Moors. 

MO-RESK', 71. A species of painting or carving done after 
the Moorish manner. 

MORGLAY, n. [L. mors, and Celtic glaive.] A deadly 
weapon. 

MOR'GRAY, 71. A Mediterranean fish. 

MORlCE. See Morisco. 

I MO-RIG'ER-ATE, v. i. [L. morigero.'] To do as one is 
commanded ; to obey. Cockeram. 

I MO-RIG-ER-a'TION, n. Obsequiousness ; obedience. 
Bacon. 

MO-RIG'ER-OUS, a. [L. morigerus.] Obedient; obsequi- 
ous ; [little used.] Diet. 

MOR'IL, n. [Ft. worille.] A mushroom. Encyc. 



MO-RIL'LI-FORM, a. Having the form of the moril. 

MOR'IL-LON, 71. A fowl of the genus anas. Pennant. 

MOR'I-NEL, n. A bird, called also dotteril. 

MO-RIN'GA, 71. A plant. 

MOR'I-ON, 71. [Fr. ; It. morione.] Armor for the head , t 
helmet or casque to defend the head. Dryden. 

MO-RIS'€0, ) n. [from Moor.] A dance, or a dancer of the 

Mo'RISK, ) morris or Moorish dance. 

M0-RIS*eO, - Applied to carving and painting. 

MOR'KTN, 71. [Sw. mwken.] Among hunters, a beast that 
lias died by sickness or mischance. 

MOR'LAND, or MoRE'LAND, n. Moorland, which see. 

MOR'LING, I n. [Fr. mort.] Wool plucked from a dead 

MORT'LING, \ sheep. 

MOR'MO, 71. [Gr. juop/^w.] A bugbear ; false terror. 

MORN, 71. [Sax marne, margene, mergen, morgen ; Dan., 
D., G. morgen.] The first part of the day ; the morning ; 
a word used chiefly in poetry. Prior. 

MORN'ING, 71. [Sax. margene, morgen.] 1 The first part 
of the day, beginning at twelve o'clock at night and ex- 
tending to twelve at noon. 2. The first or early part. 

MORN'ING, a. Pertaining to the first part or early part of 
the day •, being in the early part of the day. 

MORNING-GOWN, n. A gown worn in the morning be- 
fore one is formally dressed. Addison. 

MORN'ING-STAR, n. The planet Venus, when it precedes 
the sun in rising, and shines in the morning. 

DIO-RO€'€0, 71. A fine kind of leather ; said to be borrowed 
fi-omthe Moors. 

MO-RoSE , a. [L. morosus ; It., Sp. moroso.] Of a sour 
temper ; severe ; sullen and austere. 

MO-RoSE'LY, adv. Sourly ; with sullen austerity. 

MO-RoSE'NESS, 7i. Sourness of temper; sullenness. Mo- 
roseness is not precisely peevishness or fretfulness, though 
often accompanied with it. It denotes more of silence 
and severity or ill humor, than the irritability or irritation 
which characterizes peevishness. 

t MO-ROS'I-TY, 71. Moroseness. Shak. 

MO-KOX'Y-LI€, a. Moroxylic acid is obtained from a sa- 
line exsudation from the mon-us alba. 

MOR'PHEVv^, 71. [It. morfca.] A scurf on the face. 

MOR'PHEW, V. t. To cover with scurf. Bp. Hall. 

MORTHI-A, 71. A vegetable alkali. 

MOR'RiCE, MOR'RIS, or MOR'RIS-DANCE, 71. [Fr. mo- 
resque.] A Moorish dance ; a dance in imitation of the 
Moors, as sarabands, chacons, &c., usually performed 
with castanets, tambors, &;c. — JVine men's morris, a kind 
of play with nine holes in the ground. Shak. 

MOR'RJS-DAN-CER, 71. One who dances a morris-dance. 

MOR'RIS-PIKE, 71. A Moorish pike. 

MOR'RoW, 7!. [Sax. morgen.] 1. The day next after the 
present. 2. The next day subsequent to any day specifi- 
ed. — Good morrow, a term of salutation ; good morning. 

MORSE, (mors) v. [Russ. morj.] In zoology, the sea-horse 
or walrus, an animal of the genus trichechus. 

MOR'SEL, n. [L. morsiis.] 1. A bite ; a mouthful ; a small 
piece of food. 2. A piece ; a meal ; something to be eaten. 

3. A small quantity of something not eatable ; [improper.] 
MOR'SURE, n. The act of biting. 

MORT, 71. [Fr.] 1. A tune sounded at the death of game. 
2. A salmon in his third year. 

MOR'TAL, a. [L. mortalis.] 1. Subject to death ; destin- 
ed to die. 2. Deadly ; destructive to life. 3. Bringing 
death ; terminating life. 4. Deadly in malice or purpose. 

5. Exposing to certain death ; incurring the penalty of 
death ; condemned to be punished with death ; not venial. 

6. Human ; belonging to man who is mortal. 7. Extreme ; 
violent ; [7iot elegant.] 

MOR'TAL, 71. Man ; a being subject to death ; a human 
being. 

MOR-TAL'I-TY, n. [L. mortalitas.] I. Subjection to death 
or the necessity of dying. 2. Death. 3. Frequency of 
death ; actual death of great numbers of men or beasts 

4. Human nature. 5. Power of destruction. 
MOR'TAL-iZE, v. t. To make mortal. Broome. 
MOR'TAL-LY, adv. 1. Irrecoverably ; in a manner that 

must cause death. Dryden. 2. Extremely. 

MOR'TAR, 71. [L. mortariiun ; Fr. mortier.] 1. A vessel in 
which substances are pounded or bruised with a pesile. 
2. A short piece of ordnance, used for throwing bombs. 

MOR'TAR, 7?. [I), mortel ; Fr. mortier.] A mixture of lime 
and sand with water, used as a cement for uniting stones 
and bricks in walls. 

tM0R'TER,7i. [Fr. mortier.] A lamp or light. 

MORT'GAGE, (mor'gaje) 71. [Fr. mort and gage.] 1. Lit- 
erally, a dead pledge ; the grant of an estate in fee as se- 
curity for the payment of money. 2. A pledge of goods or 
chatties by a debtor to a creditor, as security for a debt. 

MORT'GAGE, (mor'gaje) v. t. 1. To grant an estate in fee 
as security for money lent or contracted to be paid at a 
certain time. 2. To pledge ; to make liable to the pay- 
ment of any debt or expenditure. 

MORT'GAGED, (mor'gajd) pp. Conveyed in fee as security 
for the payment of money. 



See Synopsis ^,&,l, O V.^ long.—FKR. FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE BIRD ;— t Obsolete. 



MUS 



543 



MOU 



MORT-GA-OEE', (raor-ga-jee') n. The person to whom an 
estate is mortgaged. 

M0RT'GA-6ER, (mor'ga-jer) n. The person who grants an 
estate as security for a debt, as above specified. 

MOE.-TIFER-OUS, a. [I., mortifer.] Bringing or producing 
death ; deadly ; fatal j destructive. 

MOR-TI-FI-€a'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. In medicine and surgery, 
the death and consequent putrefaction of one part of an 
animal body, while the rest is alive. — 2. In Scripture, the 
act of subduing the passions and appetites by penance, 
abstinence or painful severities inflicted on the body. 3. 
Humiliation or slight vexation 5 the state of being hum- 
bled or depressed by disappointment, vexation, crosses, 
or any thing that wounds or abases pride. 4. Destruction 
of active qualities ; applied to metals. 

MOR'TI-FiED, pp. 1. Affected by sphacelus or gangrene. 

2. Humbled ; subdued ; abased. 
MOR'TI-FlED-NESS, 71. Humiliation ; subjection of the 

passions. Taylor. 

MOR'TI-Fl-ER, n. He or that which mortifies. 

MOR'TI-FY, V. t. [Fr. mortifier.] 1. To destroy the or- 
ganic texture and vital functions of some part of a living 
animal. 2. To subdue or bring into subjection, as the bodi- 
ly appetites by abstinence or rigorous severities. 3. To 
subdue ; to abase ; to humbie ; to reduce ; to restrain, as 
inordinate passions. 4. To humble : to depress ; to affect 
with slight vexation. 5. To destroy active powers or es- 
sential qualities. 

MOR'TI-FY, V. i. 1. To lose vital heat and action, and suf- 
fer the dissolution of organic texture, as flesh ; to corrupt 
or gangrene. 2. To be subdued. 3. To practice severities 
and penance from religious motives. 

MOR'TI-FY-ING, ppr. I. Changing from soundness to gan- 
grene or sphacelus. 2. Subduing ; humbling ; restraining. 

3. a. Humiliating ; tendmg to humble or abase. 
MOR'TiSE, (mor'tis) n. [Fr. mortaise.] A cut or hollow 

place made in timber, to receive the tenon of another 
piece of timber. 

MOR'TiSE, v. t. 1. To cut or make a mortise in. 2. To 
join timbers by a tenon and mortise. 

MOR'TlSED, pp. Having a mortise ; joined by a mortise and 
tenon. 

MOR'TIS-ING, ppr. Making a mortise ; uniting by a mor- 
tise and tenon. 

MORT'MAIN, 71. [Fr. mort and main.] In law, possession 
of lands or tenements in dead hands^ or hands that cannot 
alienate. 

•f MORT'PaY, Tt. [Fr. mort, and^ay.] Dead pay ; payment 
not made. Bacon. 

t MOR'TRESS, 71. A dish of meat of various kinds beaten 
together. Bacon. 

MOR'TU-A-RY, n. [Fr. mortuaire.^ 1. A sort of ecclesi- 
astical heriot, a customary gift claimed by and due to the 
minister of a parish on the death of a parishioner. 2 A 
burial place. 

MOR'TU-A-RY, a. Belongmg to the burial of the dead. 

MO-Sa'I€, ) a. [Fr. mosaique.'] 1. Mosaic work is an 

MO-Sa'I-€AL, \ assemblage of little pieces of glass, mar- 
ble, precious stones, &c., of various colors, cut square and 
cemented ou a ground of stucco, in such a manner as to 
imitate the colors and gradations of pauiting. 2. [From 
Moses.'] Pertaining to Moses, the leader of the Israelites. 

MOS'GHA-TEL, «. [fromGr.//ot7;^;oj.] A plant. 

MOSK, )n. [Ft. mosquee ; It. moschea; Ai. masjidon.] 

MOSQ,UE, \ A Mohammedan temple or place of religious 
worship.' 

fMOS'KERED, a. Decayed ; rotten. Granger. 

MOSS, n. [Sax. meos ; G. moos ; D. mos.] 1. One of the 
seven classes into which all vegetables are divided by 
Linne. 2. [Sw. TnSse.] A bog; a place where peat is found. 

MOSS, V. t. To cover with moss by natural growth. 

M03S'-€LAD, a. Clad or covered with moss. 

MOSSED, pp. Overgrown with moss. 

MOSS'-GRoWN, a. Overgrown witli moss. 

MOSS'I-NESS, 71. The state of being overgrown with 
moss. Bacon. 

MOSS'-TROOP-ER, n. A robber ; a bandit. 

MOSS'Y, a. 1. Overgrown with moss; abounding vrith 
moss. 2. Covered with moss, or bordered with moss. 

•MoST, a. superl. of more. [Sax. nusst ; D., Dan. meest ; 
G. 7neist.] 1. Consisting of the greatest number. 2. Con- 
sjsting of the greatest quantity ; greatest. 

Most, adv. l. in the greatest or highest degree. — As 7nost 
is used to express the superlative degree, it is used before 
any adjective ; as, most vile. 

Most, n. [used as a substitute for a noun, when the noun 
is omitted or understood.] 1. The greatest number or part. 
— 2. The most, the greatest value, amount or advantage, or 
the utmost in extent, degree or effect. — At the most, the 
greatest degree or quantity ; the utmost extent. 

MOS'TIC, n. [G. mahlerstock.] A pamter's staffer stick on 
which he rests his hand in painting. 

MoST'LY, adv. For the greatest part. 

+ MoST'WHAT, adv. For the most part. Hammond. 



MOT. See Motto. 

Mo'TA-CIL, n. [L. motacilla.] A bird, the wagtail. 

MOTE, [Sax. mot,] in /oZ&mote, &c. signifies a meeting. 

MOTE, 71. [Sax. mot ; Sp. mota.] A small particle ; any 
thing proverbially small ; a spot. 

t MOTE, for mou^ht, might or mtist. Spenser. 

Mo'TET, 7i. [Fr. J A musical composition ; an air or hymn 

MOTH, 71. [Hax.'mogthe, mohth,7noth.] 1. A small animEu 
which breeds in yarn and garments, and often eats and 
destroys them. — 2. Figuratively, that which gradually 
and silently eats, consumes or wastes any thing. 

MOTH'eAT, v. t. [moth and eOt.] To eat or prey upon, as 
a moth eats a garment. Herbert. 

MOTH'eAT-EN, a. Eaten by moths. Job xxn. 

t MOTH'EN, a. FuU of moths. Falke. 

MoTH'ER, n. [Sax. moder ; D. moeder ; G. 7imtter ; Sw. 
and Dan. moder ; Ir. mathair ; Gr. jJtarrjp ; L. 7uater ; It.. 
Sp., Port. 7nadre.] I. A female parent ; especially, one of 
the human race ; a woman who has borne a child. 2, 
That which has produced any thing. 3. That which ha& 
preceded in time ; the oldest or chief of any thing. 4. 
Hysterical passion ; [oZ>s.] Oraunt. 5. A familiar tenn 
of address or appellation of an old woman or matron. 6 
An appellation given to a woman who exercises care and 
teuderness towards another, or gives parental advice. 
7. A thick slimy substance concreted in liquors, particu- 
larly in vinegar. 

MoTH'ER of pearl, n. The matrix of pearl ; the shell in 
which pearls are generated ; a species of mytilus or 
mnssel. 

MoTH'ER of tMjme, 71. A plant of the genus thijmus. 

MoTH'ER, a. 1. Native ; natural ; received by birth. 2. 
Native ; vernacular ; received from parents or" ancestors 

MoTH'ER, V. i. To concrete, as the thick matter of liquors. 
D7-yden. 

MoTH'ER, V. t. To adopt as a son or daughter. Howell. 

MoTH'ER-HOOD, 71. The state of being a mother. 

M6TH'ER-ING, a. To go a mothering, is to visit parents on 
Midlent Sunday, and is also known by the name of7nid~ 
lenting. Herrick. 

MOTH'ER-IN-LAW, 71. The mother of a husband or wife 

MoTH'ER-LESSJ" a. Destitute of a mother. 

M6TH'ER-LY, a. 1. Pertaining to a mother. 2. Becoming 
a mother; tender; parental. Arbuthnot. 

MoTH'ER-LY, adv. In the manner of a mother. 

MoTK'ER-WA-TER, n. A fluid remaining aAer the evap- 
oration of salt water, and containing deliquescent salts 
and impurities. 

iMoTH'ER-WIT, 71. Native wit; common sense. 

MoTH'ER-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus Zeo?(Mrws. 

M6TH'ER-Y, a. Concreted ; resembling or partaking of 
the nature of mother. 

MOTH'MUL-LEN, ti. A plant. Miller. 

MOTH'WoRT, 71. A plant. 

MOTH'Y, a. Full of moths. Shak. 

Mo'TION, n. [L. 7notio ; Fr. inotion.] 1. The act or process 
of changing place ; change of local position ; the passing 
of a body from one place to another ; change of distance 
between bodies. 2. Animal life and action. 3. Manner 
of moving the body ; port ; gait ; air. 4. Change of pos- 
ture ; action. 5. Military march or movement. 6. Agi- 
tation. 7. Internal action ; excitement. 8. Direction ; 
tendency. 9. The effect of impulse ; action proceeding 
from any cause, external or internal. 10. Proposal made ; 
proposition offered ; particularly, a proposition made in a 
deliberative assembly. 11. A puppet-show or puppet; 
[obs.] Shak. 

Mo'TION, V. t. To propose. [Little used.] See Mote. 

Mo'TION, V. i. To advise ; to make proposal ; to offer 
plans. [Little used.] 

t Mo'TION-ER, n. A mover. 

Mo'TION-LESS, a. Wanting motion ; being at rest. 

Mo'TiVE, a. Causing motion; having power to move, or 
tending to move. Hooker. 

Mo'TlVE, 71. [It., Sp., Port, motivo ; Fr. motif.] 1. That 
which incites to action ; that wliich detennines the choice, 
or moves the will. 2. That which may or ought to incite 
to action ; reason ; cause. 3. A mover ; [obs.] 

MO-TIVI-TY, 71. The power of producing motion. 

MOT'LEY, a. [W. ysmot.] 1. Variegated in color; con- 
sisting of different colors ; dappled. 2. Composed of dif- 
ferent or various parts, characters or kinds ; diversified. 

Mo'TOR, n. [LJ A mover. Volta. 

Mo'TO-RY, a. Gfiving motion ; as, motory muscles. Ray. 

MOT'TO, n. [It. ; Sp., Port, mote ; Fr. mot.] Primarily, a 
word ; but viore com7no7ily, a sentence or phrase prefixed 
to an essay or discourse, containing the subject of it, or 
added to a device. 

I MOUGHT ( "• [^^^' 'mogthc] A moth. Wickliffe. 

t MOUGHt'. Used for might ; the prct. of the old verb 
7noicc, now converted into may. Fairfax. 

Mould, an incorrect orthography. See Moid, and its de- 
rivatives. 



See l^ympeis. M5VE, BQOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



MOU 



544 



MOV 



MOULT. See Molt. 

t MOUN. May ; must. See Mowe. 

LMOUNCH, or j MAUNCH, v. t. To chew. Chaucer. 
iOUND, n. [Sax. mund,'] Someiliing raised as a defense 
or fortification, usually a Lank of earth or stone j a bul- 
wark ; a rampart or fence. 

MOUND, V. t. To fortify with a mound. Johnson. 

MOUND'ED, pp. Surrounded or defended by mounds. 

MOUND'ING, ppr. Defending by a mound. 

MOUNT, 71. [Fr. mont ,• Sax. munt ; It., Port., Sp. monte; 
L. 7nons.] 1. A mass of earth, or earth and rock, rising 
considerably above the common surface of the smTOund- 
ing land. 2. A mound j a bulwark for offense or defense. 
3. Formerly, a bank or fund of money ; [ubs.] 

MOUNT, V. i. [Fr. monter.] 1. To rise on high ; to ascend. 
2. To rise ; to ascend ; to tower ; to be built to a great 
altitude. 3. To get on horseback. 4. To leap upon any 
animal. 5. To amount ; to rise in value. 

MOUNT, V. t. 1. To raise aloft ; to lift on high. 2. To 
ascend ; to climb ; to get upon an elevated place. 3. To 
place one's self on horseback. 4. To furnish with horses. 
5. To put on or cover with something ; to embellish with 
ornaments. 6. To carry ; to be furnished with. 7. To 
raise and place on a carriage. — To mount guard, to take 
the station and do the duty of a sentinel. 

MOUNT'A-BLE, a. That may be ascended. Cotgrave. 

MOUNT' AIN, n. [Fr. montagne.'] A large mass of earth 
and rock, rising above the common level of the earth or 
adjacent land, but of no definite altitude. 

MOUNT'AIN, a. Pertaining to a mountain; found on 
mountains ; growing or dwelling on a mountain. 

MOUNT'AIN-BLuE, n. Malachite ; carbonate of copper. 

MOUNT-AIN-EER', ) n. 1. An inhabitant of a mountain. 

MOUNT'AIN-ER, \ 2. A rustic ; a freebooter ; a sav- 
age. 

t MOUNT'AIN-ET, n. A small mountain ; a hillock. 

MOUNT'AIN-GREEN, n. A carbonate of copper. 

MOUNT' AIN-O US, a. 1. Fall of mountains. 2. Large as 
a mountain ; huge. 3. Inhabiting mountains ; [obs.] 
Bacon. 

MOUNT' AIN-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being full of 
mountains. Brerewood. 

MOUNT' AIN-PARS-LEY, n. A plant. Lee. 

MOUNT' AIN-ROSE, n. A plant. 

MOUNT'AIN-SoAP, n. A mineral. Ure. 

MOUNT'ANT, a. [Fr. montant.] Rising on high. Shak. 

MOUNT'E-BANK, n. [It. montare and baiico.] 1. One who 
mounts a bench or stage in the market or other public 
place, boasts of his skill in curing diseases, and vends 
medicines which he pretends are infallible remedies. 2. 
Any boastful and false pretender. 

MOUNT'E-BANK, v. t. To cheat by boasting and false 
pretenses ; to gull. Shak. 

MOUNT'E-BANK-ER-Y, n. Quackery ; boastful and vain 
pretenses. Hammond. 

MOUNT'ED, pp. Raised ; seated on horseback ; placed on 
a caiTiage ; covered or embellished ; furnished with guns. 

t MOUNT'EN-AUNCE, n. Amount in space. Spenser. 

wOUNT'ER, n. One that mounts or ascends. 

MOUNT'ING, pp?-. Rising; soaring; placmg on horseback ; 
ascending an emmence ; embellishing. 

MOUNT'ING-LY, adv. By rising or ascending. 

MOUNT'Y, n. The rise of a hawk. Sidney. 

•VIoURN, v.i. [Sax. murnan, myrnan.] 1 . To express grief 
or sorrow ; to grieve ; to be sorrov/ful. 2. To wear the 
customary habit of sorrow. 

jRloURN, V. t. 1. To grieve for; to lament. 2. To utter in 
a sorrowful manner. 

j- MoURNE, (morn) n. [Fr. morne.'] The round end of a 
staff; the part of a lance to which the steel or ferrule is 
fixed. 

MoURN'ER, 71. 1. One that mourns or is grieved at any 
loss or misfortune. 2. One that follows a funeral in the 
habit of mourning. 3. Someching used at funerals. 

MoURN'PUL, a. 1. Intended to express sorrow, or exhib- 
iting the appearance of grief. Shak. 2. Causing sorrow ; 
sad ; calamitous. 3. Sorrowful ; feeling grief. 

MoURN'FUL-LY, adv. In a manner expressive of sorrow ; 
with sorrow. Mai. iii. 

MoURN'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Sorrow ; grief; state of mourn- 
ing. 2. Appearance or expression of grief. 

MoURN'ING, ppr. Grieving ; lamenting ; sorrowing ; 
wearing the appearance of sorrow. 

MoUR'^'ING, 71. 1. The act of sorrowing or expressing 
grief; lamentation; sorrow. 2. The dress or customary 
habit worn by mourners. 

MoURN'ING-D6VE, n. A species of dove. 

MoURN'ING-LY, adv. With the appearance of sorrow. 

MOUSE, n. ; plu. Mice. [Sax., Sw., L. ttitw.] 1. A small 
animal of the genus mus, inhabiting houses.— 2. Among 
seamen, a knob formed on a rope by spun-yarn or parce- 
ling. 

MOUSE, (mouz) v. i. To catch mice. Shak. 

MOUSE, (mouz) v. t. To tear, as a cat devours a mouse.— 



To mouse a hook, with seamen, is to fasten a small line 
across the upper part to prevent unhooking. 

MOUSE'-EAR, 71. A plant of the genus hieracium. 

MOUSE'-HAWK, n. [Sax. mus-hafac] A hawk that de- 
vours mice. 

MOUSE'-HOLE, n. A hole where mice enter or pass; a 
very small hole or entrance. Stillingfleet. 

MOUSE'-HUNT, n. 1. A hunting for mice 2. Amouser; 
one that hunts mice. Shak. 

MOUS'ER, n. One that catches mice. 

MOUSE'-TaIL, n. A plant of the genus myosurus. 

MOUSE'-TRAP, n. A trap for catching mice. Prior. 

MOUTH, n. [Sax. muth.] 1. The aperture in the head of 
ah animal, between the lips, by which he utters his voice 
and receives food. 2. The opening of a vessel by which 
it is filled or emptied. ' 3. The part or channel of a river 
by which its waters are discharged into the ocean or into 
a lake. 4. The opening of a piece of ordnance at the end, 
by which the charge issues. 5. The aperture of a vessel 
in animal bodies, by which fluids or other matter is re- 
ceived or discharged. 6. The opening or entrance of a 
cave, pit, well or den. Dan. viii. 7. The instrument of 
speaking. 8. A principal speaker; one that utters the 
common opinion. 9. Cry ; voice. — 10. In Scripture, 
words uttered. Jo&xix. 11. Desires ; necessities. P;;. ciii. 
12. Freedom and boldness of speech ; force of argument. 
Luke xxi. 13. Boastmg ; vaunting. Judges ix. 14. Tes- 
timony. Dent. xvii. 15. Reproaches ; calumnies. Job v. 

To make a mouth, or to make mouths. 1. To distort the 
mouth ; to make a wry face ; hence, to deride or treat 
with scorn. Addison. 2. To pout ; to treat disdainfully 
— Doicn in the mouth, dejected ; mortified. L'Estrange. — 
To stop the mouth, to silence or to be silent ; to put to 
shame; to confound. Rom. iii. 

MOUTH, v.t. 1. To utter with a voice affectedly big or 
swelling. 2. To take into the mouth ; to seize with the 
mouth. 3. To chew; to grind, as food; to eat; to de- 
vour. 4. To form by the mouth, as a bear her cub ; [not 
used.] 5. To reproach ; to insult. 

MOUTH, V. i. To speak with a full, round, or loud, affected 
voice ; to vociferate ; to rant. Addison. 

MOUTHED, pp. 1. Uttered with a full, swelling, affected 
voice. 2. Taken into the mouth; chewed. 3. a. Fur- 
nished with a mouth ; used chiefly in composition. 4. 
Borne down or overpowered by clamor, 

MOUTH'FRIEND, n. One who professes friendship with- 
out entertaining it ; a pretended friend. 

MOUTH'FUL, 71. 1. As much as the mouth contains at 
once. 2. "a quantity proverbially small ; a small quantity. 

MOUTH'HON-OR, n. Civility expressed without sincerity. 

MOUTH'ING, ppr. Uttering with an affected, swellmg 
voice. 

MOUTH'LESS, a. Destitute of a mouth. 

MOUTH'MADE, a. Expressed without sincerity. 

MOUTH'PIeCE, n. 1. The piece of a musical wind instru- 
ment to which the mouth is applied. 2. One who de- 
livers the opinions of others. 

MOV'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be moved ; that can or may 
be lifted, carried, drawn, turned or conveyed, or in any 
way made to change place or posture ; susceptible of mo- 
tion. 2. That may or does change from one time to an 
other. 

MoV'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of being mov- 
able ; mobility ; susceptibility of motion. 

MOV'A-BIiES, 71. plu. Goods, wares, commodities, furni- 
ture ; any species of property not fixed, and thus distin- 
guished from houses and lands. 

MoV'A-BLY, adv. So that it may be moved. Grew. 

MOVE, V. t. [L. vioveo ; It. movere.] 1. To impel ; to 
carry, convey or draw from one place to another ; to 
cause to change place or posture in any manner or by any 
means. 2. To excite into action ; to affect ; to agitate ; 
to rouse. 3. To cause to act or determine. 4. To per- 
suade ; to prevail on ; to excite from a state of rest or in- 
difference. 5. To excite tenderness, pity or grief in the 
heart ; to affect ; to touch pathetically ; to excite feeling 
in. 6. To make angry ; to provoke ; to irritate. 7. To 
excite tumult or commotion. 8. To influence or incite by 
secret agency. 9, To shake ; to agitate. 10, To propose ; 
to offer for consideration and determination. 11. To pro- 
pose ; to recommend. 12. To prompt; to incite; to in- 
stigate. Acts xvii. 

Move, v. i. l. To change place or posture ; to stir ; to pass 
or go in any manner or direction from one place or part 
of space to another. 2. To have action. 8. To have the 
power of action. 4. To walk. 5. To march. 6. To 
tremble ; to shake. 7. To change residence. 

M5VE, 71. The act of moving ; the act of transferring from 
place to place, as in chess. 

Moved, pp. stirred ; excited. 

MOVE'LESS, a. That cannot be moved ; fixed. 

MCVE'MENT, n. [Fr. mouvemenU] 1. Motion ; a passing, 
progression, shaking, turning or flowing ; any change of 
position in a material body. 2. The manner of moving. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;- PIN, MARINE, BIRD;- \ Obsolete 



MUC 



545 



MUL 



3. Excitement ; agitation. — 4. In music, any single strain 
or part having the same measure or time. 

MoWENT, a. [L.movens.] Moving; not quiescent. [L. «.] 

Mo'VENT, 71. That which moves any thing. [Little used.] 

MOVER, 71. 1. The person or thing that gives motion, or 
impels to action. 2. He or that which moves. 3. A pro- 
poser ; one that offers a proposition. 

MOVING, ppr. 1. Causing to move or act; impelling ; in- 
stigating ; persuading ; influencing. 2. a. Exciting the 
passions or affections; touching; patlietic; affecting; 
adapted to excite or affect the passions. 

Moving, ji. Motive; impulse. South. 

MOV'ING-LY, adv. In a manner to excite the passions or 
affect sensibility ; pathetically. Jiddison. 

MoVING-NESS, n. The power of affecting, as the pEissions. 

MOW, n. [Sax. mowe, or m^iga.] A heap, mass or pile of 
hay deposited in a barn. 

MOW, V. t. To lay hay in a heap or mass in a barn, or to 
lay it in a suitable manner. 

Mow, v.t.j pret. mowed; pp. mowed, or mown. [Sax. 
mawan.] 1. To cut down with a sythe, as grass or other 
plants. 2. To cut the grass from. 3. To cut down with 
speed ; to cut down indiscriminately, or in great numbers 
or quantity. 

Mow, V. i. 1. To cut grass; to practice mowing ; to use 
the sythe. 2. To perform the business of mowing ; to cut 
and make grass into hay ; to gather the crop of grass, or 
other crop. 

( MOW, 71. [from mouth.] A wry face. Shak. 

1 MOW, V. i. To make mouths. Ascham. 

MOW'BURN, V. i. To heat and ferment in the mow, as 
hav when housed too green. Mortimer. 

f MOWE, MOWEN, or MOUN, v. i. To be able ; must ; 
may. Chaucer. 

Mowed, or MoWN, pp. l. Cut with a sythe. 2. Cleared 
of grass with a sythe, as land. 

Mo VVER, n. One who mows ; a man dextrous in the use 
of the sythe. 

MOWING, pp-. Putting into a mow. 

Mowing, ppr. Cutting down with a sythe. 

Mowing, n. L The act of cutting with a sythe. 2. Land 
from which grass is cut. 

MOX'A, 71. The down of the mugwort of China. 

MOYLE, n. A mule. See Mujle. 

MUCH, a. l^w.mijcken; Sp. mucho ; It. riiucchio.] 1. Great 
in quantity or amount. 2. Long in duration. 3. Many 
in number. 

MUCH, adv. 1. In a great degree ; by far; qualifying' ad- 
jectives of the comparative degree ; as, much more. 2. To 
a great degree or extent ; qualifying verbs and participles. 
3. Often or long. 4. Nearly. 

MUCH, n. 1. A great quantity; a great deal. 2. More 
than enough ; a heavy service or burden 3. An uncom- 
mon thing ; something strange. Bacon. 

As much. 1. An equal quantity; used as an adjective or 
nojin. 2. A certain or suitable quantity. 3. To an equal 
degree ; adverbially. — So much, an e(iual quantity, or a 
certain quantity, as a noun; to an equal degree, or to a 
certain degree, as an adverb. — Too much, an excessive 
quantity, as a noun ; to an excessive degree, as an ad- 
verb. — To make much of. 1. To value highly. 2. To 
fondle.— Jkfiic/i at one, nearly of equal value, effect or in- 
fluence. 

' MUCH'EL, a. [Sax. mycel.] Much. Spenser. 

fMUCH'iN'ESS, n. Quantity. Whately. 

MUCH'WHAT, adv. Nearly ; almost. [JVot elegant.'] Locke. 

Mu'Cie, a. [from mucus.] The mucic acid is^the same as 
the saccholactic. 

Mu'CID, a. [L. miicidus.] Musty ; moldy ; slimy. 

Mu'CID-NESS, 71. Mustiness; sliminess. Ainsworth. 

Mu'CI-LAGE, n. [Fr. ; L. mucus.] 1. In chemistry, one 
of the proximate elements of vegetables. 2. The liquor 
which moistens and lubricates the ligaments and carti- 
lages of the articulations or joints in animal bodies. 

MU-CI-LAG'I-NOUS, a. 1. Pertaining to or secreting mu- 
cilage. Encyc. 2. Slimy ; ropy ; moist, soft and lubri- 
cous ; partaking of the nature of mucilage. 

MU-CI-LAG'I-NOUS-NESS, n. Sliminess ; the state of being 
mucilaginous. 

Mu'CITE, 71. A combination of a substance with mucous 
acid. Parke. 

MUCK, Ji. [Sax. meox, miox ; Dan. 7710a-.] 1. Dung in a 
moist state, or a mass of dung and putrefied vegetable 
matter. 2. Something mean, vile or filthy, — To run a 
muck, to run madly and attack all we meet. Pope. 

MUCK, v. t. To manure with muck. Tusser. 

MUCK, a. Wet ; moist. Orose. 

t MU€K'EN-DER, 7!. [Sp. mocadero ; Fr. mouchoir] A 
pocket handkerchief. Dorset. 

\ MU€K'ER, V. t. [from muck.] To scrape together money 
bv mean labor or shifts. 

t MUCK'ER-ER, n. A miser ; a niggard. Chaucer. 

muIk'hFlI!' ! - ^ '^-gi^i"- ^-^-- 



MU€K'I-NESS, n. Filthiness ; nastiness. Johnson- 

tMU€'KLE, a. [S?iX. mycel] Much. 

MUCK'SWEAT, (muk'swet) n. Profuse sweat. Johnson. 

MUCK'WoRM, 71. 1. A worm that lives in muck. 2. A 
miser; one who scrapes together money by mean labor 
and devices. Bunyan. 

MUCK'Y, a. Filthy; nasty. Spenser. 

MU-€o'SO-SAC'CHA-RINE, a. Partaking of the qualities 
of mucilage and sugar. Fourcroy. 

Mu'COUS, a. [L. mucus.] 1. Pertaining to mucus, or re 
sembling it ; slimy, ropy and lubricous. 2. Secreting a 
slimy substance. 

Mu'€OUS-NESS, 7!. The state of being mucous; sliminess. 

MU'CRO, 71. [L.] A point. Brown. 

Mu'CRO-NATE, ) a. [L. mucronatus.] Narrowed to a 

Mu'CRO-NA-TED, \ point ; terminating in a point. 

Mu'GU-LENT, a. [L, muculentus.] Slimy ; moist and 
moderately viscous. 

Mu'CUS, 71. [L.] 1. A viscid fluid secreted by the mucous 
membrane, which it serves to moisten and defend. 2. 
This term has also been applied to other animal fluids of a 
viscid quality, as the synovial fluid, which lubricates the 
cavities of the joints. 

MUD, n. [D. modder ; G. moder.] Moist and soft earth of 
any kind, such as is found in marshes and swamps, at 
the bottom of rivers and ponds, or in high-vv^ays after rain. 

MUD, v. t. 1. To bury in mud or slime. 2. To make tur- 
bid or foul with dirt ; to stir the sediment in liquors. 

MUD'DI-LY, adv. Turbidly ; with foul mixture. 

MUD'DI-NESS, n. Turbidness; foulness caused by mud, 
dirt or sediment. Addison. 

MUD'DLE, V. t. 1. To make foul, turbid or muddy, as 
water. 2. To intoxicate partially ; to cloud or stupefy, 
particularly with liquor. . 

MUD'DLE, V. i. To contract filth; to be in a confused or 
dirty state. 

MUD'DLE, 7?. A confused or turbid state. 

MUDDLED, pp. Made turbid; half drunk; stupefied. 

MUD'DLING, ppr. Making foul with dirt or dregs ; making 
half drunk ; stupefying. 

MUD'DY, a. 1. Foul with dirt or fine earthy particles ; 
turbid,as water or other fluids. 2. Containing mud. 3 
Dirty; dashed, soiled or besmeared with mud. 4. Con- 
sisting of mud or earth ; gross; impure. 5. Dark; of the 
color of mud. 6. Cloudy in mind ; dull; heavy; stupid. 

aiUD'DY, v.t. 1. To soil with mud; to dirty. 2. To 
cloud ; to make dull or heavy. Qrexc. 

MUD'DY-HEAD-ED, a. Having a dull understanding. 

MUD'-FISH, n. A fish, a species of the cyprinus kind. 

MUD'-SILL, n. In bridges, the sill that is laid at the bot- 
tom of a river, lake, &c. 

MUD'-SUCK-ER, n. An aquatic fowl. Derham. 

MUD'-WALL, n. 1. A wall composed of mud. South._ 2. 
A bird, the apiaster. Ainsworth. 

MUD'- WALLED, a. Having a mud wall. Prior. 

MUD'-W6RT, n. The least water plantain. 

MuE. See Mew, 

MUFF, n. [Dan. muff, or muffe ; G. muff.] A warm cover 
for the hands usually made of fur or dressed skins. 

MUF'FIN, 71. A delicate or light cake. 

MUF'FLE, v. t. [D. moffelen.] 1. To cover from the weather 
by cloth, fur or any garment ; to cover close, particu- 
larly the neck and face. 2. To blindfold. 3. To cover; 
to conceal ; to involve. — 4. In seamanship, to put matting 
or other soft substance round an oar, to prevent its making 
a noise. 5. To wind something round the strings of a 
drum to prevent a sharp sound, or to render the sound 
grave and solemn. 

MUF'FLE, V. i. To mutter ; to speak indistinctly or with- 
out clear articulation. Holder. 

MUF'FLE, n. [Sp. mufia.] In chemistry, a vessel in the 
shape of an oblong arch or vault. 

MUF'FLED, pp. Covered closely, especially about the face ; 
involved ; blindfolded. 

MUF'FLER, 71. A cover for the face. Shak. 

MUF'FLING, ppr. Covering closely, especially about the 
face ; wrapping close ; involving ; blindfolding. 

MUF'FLON, n. The wild sheep or musmon. 

MUF'TI, n. The high priest or chief of the ecclesiastical 
order among the Mohamynedans. 

MUG, 71, A kind of cup from which liquors are drank 

t MUG'GARD, a. [See Muggy,] Sullen; displeased. 

MUG'GENT, n. A species of wild, fresh-water duck. 

MUG'GISH, ^ a. [W. mwcan.] 1. Moist; damp; moldy 

MUG'GY, \ 2. Moist ; damp ; close ; warm and un- 
elastic. 

MUG'HOUSE, n. An alehouse. Tickel. 

t Mu'Gl-ENT, a. [L, mugio.] Lowing ; bellowing. 

MU'GIL, n. [L.] The mullet, a genus of fishes. 

MUG'WEED, 71. A plant of the genus valantia. 

MUG'WoRT, 71. [Sax. miigicyrt.] A plant. 

MU-LAT'TO, 71. [Sp. mulato.] A person that is the off- 
spring of a negress by a white man, or of a white woman 
by a negro. 



See Synopsis. 



MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ; 
■35 



-BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z j CH as SH j TH as in f Aw. t Obsolete 



MUL 



546 



MUM 



MUL'BER-RY, n. [Sw. mulbar ; G. maulbeere.] The berry 
or fruit of a tree of the genus morus. 

MUL'BER-RY-TREE, n. The tree which produces the 
mulberry. 

MULCH, n. Half-rotten straw. Bailey. 

MUL€T, n. [L. mulcta, or multa.] A fine imposed on a 
person guilty of some offense or misdemeanor. 

MULCT, V. t. [L. mulcto.] To fine ; to punish for an of- 
fense or misdemeanor by imposing a pecuniary fine. 

MUL€T'U-A-RY, a. Imposing a pecuniary penalty. 

MULE, 71. [Sp., It. mulo ; L. mulus ; Sax. muL] I. A 
quadruped of a mongrel breed, usually generated between 
an ass and a mare, sometimes between a horse and a 
she-ass. 2. A plant or vegetable produced by impregna- 
ting tlie pistil of one species of plant with the farina or 
fecundating dust of another. 

MU-LET-EER', n. [Fr. muletier.] A mule-driver. 

MuLE'-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus Ae77iio7iitis. 

MU-LI-EB'RI-TY, n. [from L. muUebris.] Womanhood ; 
the state of being a woman ; a state in females corres- 
ponding to virility in man ; also, effeminacy ; softness. 

Mu'LI-ER, n. [L.] In laic, lawful issue bom in wedlock 
though begotten before. Encyc. 

Mulish, a. Likeamule; sullen; stubborn. 

MULL, V. t. [qu. L. mollio.] 1. To soften ; or to heat, 
sweeten and enrich with spices. 2. To dispirit or deaden. 

t MULL, 71. In Scottish, a snuff-box, made of the small end 
of a horn. Cumberland. 

t MULL, n. Dust. Oower. 

MUL'LEN, n. [Old Fr. molene.] A plant. 

MUL'LER, n. [Fr. violiere.] 1. A stone held in the hand 
with which colors and other matters are ground on an- 
other stone ; used by painters and apothecaries. 2. An 
instrument used by glass grinders. 

MUL'LET, n. [Fr. inulet ; L. mullus.] A fish. 

MUL'LI-GRUBS, 7i. A twisting of the intestines ; suUen- 
ness. [ji low word.] 

MULL'ION, 71. [Fr. moulure.] A division in a window- 
frame ; a bar 

MULL'ION, V. t. To shape into divisions. Shak. 

MUL'LOCK, n Rubbish. 

MULSE, 71. [L mulsus.'] Wine boiled and mingled with 
honey. 

MULT-AN'GU-LAR, a. [L. multus and angulus.] Having 
many angles ; polygonal. Martyn. 

MULT-AN'GU-LAR-LY, adv. With many angles. Grew. 

t MULT-ANTrU [^AR-NESS, n. The state of being polyg- 
onal. 

MUL-TI-€AP'SU-LAR, a. [L. multiis and capsula.'] In 
botany, having many capsules. Martyn. 

MUL-TI-€a'VOUS, a. [L. vmltus and cavus.] Having 
many holes or cavities. Diet. 

MUL-TI-Fa'RI-OUS, a. [L. multifarius .] Having great 
multiplicity ; having great diversity or variety. 

MUL-TI-FaRI-OUS-LY, adv. With great multiplicity and 
diversity ; with great variety of modes and relations. 

MUL-TI-Fa'RI-OUS-NESS, n. Multiplied diversity. 

MUL'TI-FID, a. [L. multijidus.'] Having many divisions ; 
many-cleft ; divided into several parts by linear sinuses 
and straight margins. 

MUL-TIF'I-DOUS, a. [L. viultifidus.} Having many par- 
titions ; cleft into many branches. 

MUL-TIF'LO-ROUS, a. [L. multus and flos.] Many-flow- 
ered ; having many flowers. Martyn. 

MULTI-FORM, a. [L. multiformis^'] Having many forms, 
shapes or appearances. Watts. 

MUL-TI-FORM'I-TY, n. Diversity of forms ; variety of 
Shanes or appearances in the same thing. 

MUL-TI-6EN'ER-0US, a. [l-..multigenus.] Having many 
kinds. Diet. 

MUL-TI-Ju'GOUS, a. [L. multus and jugum.] Consisting 
of many pairs. 

MUL-TI-LAT'ER-AL, a. [L. multus and latus.] Having 
many sides. 

MUL-TI-LIN'E-AL, a. Having many lines. 

MUL-TI-LOC'U-LAR, a. [L. multus and loculus.] Having 
many cells. Martyn. 

MUL-TIL'O-aUOUB, a. [L. multus and loquor.] Speaking 
much ; very talkative ; loquacious. Diet. 

MUL-TI-NO'MI-AL, ) a. [L. multus and nomen.] Hav- 

MUL-TI-NOM'I-NAL, \ ing many names or terms. Diet. 

MUL-TI-NOM'I-NOUS. The same as multinomial. 

BIUL-TIP'A-ROUS, a. [L. multus and -pario.] Producing 
many at a birth. 

MUL-TIPAR-TITE, a. [L. multus and -partitus.] Divided 
into many parts ; having several parts. 

MUL'TI-PED, 71. [L. multus and pes ] An insect that has 
many feet. 

MUL'TI-PED, a. Having many feet. 

MUL'TI-PLE, a. [L. multiplex.] Containing many times. 

MUL'TI-PLE, n. In arithmetic, a common multiple of two or 
more numbers contains each of them a certain number 
of times exactly^ thus 24 is a common multiple of 3 
and 4. 



MUL'TI-PLEX, a. [L.l Many-fold ; having petals lying 
over each other in folds. Martyn. 

MUL'TI-PLl-A-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may be multiplied. 

MUL'TI-PLI-A-BLE-NESS, n. Capacity of being muhiplied. 

MUL'TI-PLI-€A-BLE, a. That may be multiplied. 

MUL-TI-PLI-CAND', n. [L. multiplicandus.] In arithmetic, 
the number to be muliiplied by another. 

MUL'TI-PLI-€ATE, a. [L. multiplitatus.] Consisting of 
many or more than one. 

MUL-TI-PLI-Ca'TION, n. [L. multiplicatio.] 1. The act 
of multiplying or of increasing number. — 2. In arithmetic, 
a rule or operation by which any given number may be 
increased according to any number of times proposed. 

MUL'TI-PLI-CA-Tl VE, a. Tending to multiply j having 
the power to multiply or increase numbers. 

MUL-TI-PLI-€a'TOR, n. The number by which another 
number is multiplied ; a multiplier. 

MUL-TI-PLi"CIOUS, a. Manifold. Brown. 

MUL-TI-PLIC'I-TY, n. [Fr. multiplicite.] 1. A state of 
being many. 2. Many of the same kind. 

MUL'TI-PLiED, pp. I. Increased in numbers. 2. Numer- 
ous ; oftenrepeated. 

MUL'TI-PLi-ER, 71. 1. One who multiplies, or increases 
number. 2. The number in arithmetic by which another 
is multiplied ; the multiplicator. 

SIUL'TI-PLY, v. t. [L. multiplico.] 1. To increase in num- 
ber ; to make more by natural generation or production, 
or by addition. — 2. In arithmetic, to increase any given 
number as many times as there are units in any other 
given number. 

MUL'TI-PLY, V. i. 1. To grow or increase in number. 2. 
To increase in extent ; to extend ; to spread. 

MUL'TI-PLY-ING, ppr. 1. Increasing in number. 2. Grow- 
ing or becoming numerous. 

MUL-TIP'0-TENT, a. [L. multipotens.] Having manifold 
power, or power to do many things. 

MUL-Ti-PRES'ENCE, n. [L. multus and prcesentia.] The 
power or act of being present in many places at once. 

MUL-TIS'CIOUS, a. [L. multiscius.] Having variety of 
knowledge. 

MUL-TI-SIL'I-QUOUS, a. [L. multus and siliqua.] Hav- 
ing many pods or seed-vessels. Bailey. 

MUL-TIS'0-NOUS, a. [L. multus and sonus.] Having 
many sounds, or sounding much. Bailey. 

MUL-TI-SYL'LA-BLE, n. A polysyllable. 

MUL'TI-TUDE, n. [Fr. ; L. multitudo.] 1. The state of 
being many ; a great number. 2. A number collectively ; 
the sum of many. 3. A great number, indefinitely. 4. 
A crowd or throng ; the populace. 

MUL-TI-Tu'DI-NOUS, a. 1. Consisting of a multitude or 
great number. 2. Having the appearance of a multitude. 
3. Manifold. 

MUL-TIV'A-GANT, } a. [L. multivagus.] Wandering 

t MUL-TIV'A-GOUS, \ much. Diet. 

MUL'TI- VALVE, n. [L. multus and valve.] An an 
which has a shell of many valves. Zoology. 

MSL-?tvliv?i^-LAR, i - H-^-g ^^^y ^^'^^^' ^ 
MUL-TIV'ER-SANT, a. [L. multus and verto.] Proi 

turning into many shapes ; assuming many forms. 
MUL-TIV'I-OUS, a. [L. multus and via.] Having many 

ways or roads. [Little used.] Diet. 
MUL-TOC'U-LAR, a. [L. multus and oculas.] Having 

many eyes, or more eyes than two. Derham. 
MULT'URE, n. [L. molitura.] 1. In Scottish law, the toll or 

emolument given to the proprietor of a mill for grinding 

corn. 2. A grist or grinding. 
MUM, a. I, Silent; not speaking. 2. As an exclamation 

or command, be silent ; hush. 3. As a noun, silence. 
MUM, 7!. [G., Ban. mumme; D. 7«07rt.J A species of malt 

liquor much used in Germany. 
MUM'BUD-GET, interj. [7num and budget.] An expression 

denoting secresy as well as silence ; used in a contempt- 
uous or ludicrous manner. 
MUM'-CHaNCE, n. A game of hazard with dice. [Local.] 

2. A fool. [Local.] 
MUM'BLE, v. i. [G. mummeln.] 1. To mutter ; to speak 

with the lips or other organs partly closed, so as to render 

the sounds inarticulate and imperfect ; to uiter words with 

a grumbling tone. 2. To chew or bite softly j to eat with 

ihe lips close. 
MUM'BLE, V. t. 1. To utter with a low, inarticulate voice 

2. To moHth gently, or to eat with a muttering sound. 3. 

To suppress or utter imperfectly. 
MUM'BLED, pp. Uttered with a low inarticulate voice • 

cliewed softly or with a low muttering sound. 
MUiM'BLE-NEWS, n. A kind of tale-bearer. Sliak. 
MUIM'BLER, 71. Oiie that speaks with a low, inarticulate 

voice. 
MUM'BLING, ppr. Uttering with a low, inarticulate voice ■ 

cliewinu softly or with a grumbling sound. 
MUM'BLING-LY, adv. With a low, inarticulate utterance. 
MUMM, v.t. [Dan. mumme; Fr. mummer,] To mask; to 

sport or make diversion in a mask or disguise. 




* See Synapsis, S, E, I, O, U Y long.—FA^, FALL, WHAT ;— PRjEY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



MUN 



547 



MUS 



MUM'MER, n. One who masks himself and makes diver- 
sion in disguise ; originally, one who made sport by gest- 
ures without speaking. 

MUM'MER-Y, n. [Fr. momerie.] 1, Masking; sport; 
diversion ; frolicking in masks ; low, contemptible amuse- 
ment ; buffoonery. 2. Farcical show ; hypocritical disguise 
and parade to delude vulgar minds. 

MUM'MI-FY, v. t. To make into a mummy. Journ. of 
Science. 

MUM'MY, n. [It. mummia; Arabic, momia.] 1. A dead 
human body embalmed and dned after the Egyptian man- 
ner. 2. The name of two substances prepared for medi- 
cinal use, which, according to Hill, are, the one, the dried 
flesh of human bodies embalmed with myrrh and spice ; 
the other, a liquor running from such mummies when 
newly prepared, or when affected by great heat and 
damps. 3. There are found in Poland natural mummies 
lying in caverns, supposed to be the remains of persons 
who in time of war took refuge in caves. — 4. Among 
gardeners, a sort of wax used in grafting and planting 
trees. — To beat to a mummy, to beat soundly, or to a sense- 
less mass. 

MUM'MY-CHOG, n, A small fish of the carp kind. 

MUMP, V. t. [D. mompen.] 1, To nibble ; to bite quick ; to 
chew with continued motion. 2. To talk loud and quick. 
3. To go begging. 4. To deceive ; to cheat. 

MUMP'ER, n. A beggar. Johnson. 

RIUMP'ING, n. Begging tricks ; foolish tricks ; mockery. 

MUMP'ISH, a. Dull ; heavy ; sullen ; sour. 

MUMPS, 71. 1. Sullenness; silent displeasure ; [I. u.] Skin- 
ner. 2. A disease, the cynanche parotidcea, a swelling of 
the parotid glands. 

MUNCH, V. t. To chew by great raouthfuls. [Vulgar.] 

MUNCH, V. i. To chew eagerly by great mouthfuls. 

MUNCH'ER, n. One that munches. Johnson. 

MUND, Sax. mund, protection, patronage, peace, is found 
in old laws ; as mundbrece, that is, a breaking or violation 
of the peace. It is retained in names, as in Eamund, Sax. 
eadmund, happy peace, as in Greek Irenmus, Hesy chins. 

MUN'DANE, a. [L. mundanus.] Belonging to the world, 

t MUN-DAN'I-TY, 71. Worldliness. Mountague. 

t MUN-Da'TION, n. [L. mundus.] The act of cleans- 
ing. 

MUN'DA-TO-RY, a., [L. mundo.] Cleansing; having 
power to cleanse. [Little used.] 

t MUN'DIC, 71. A kind of marcasite ; a mineral. 

MUN-DI-F1-€a'TI0N, n. [L. mundus and/acio.] The act 
or operation of cleansing any body. Qtiincy. 

MUN-DIF'I-CA-TlVE, a. Cleansing ; having the power to 
cl63,ns6 JViscjiidTim ' 

MUN-DIF'I-€A-TiVE, n. A medicine that has the quality 
of cleansing. 

MUN'DI-FY, V. t. PL. mundus and facio.] To cleanse. 

MUN-DIV'A-GANT, a. [L. vmndivagus.] Wandering 
through the world. Diet. 

IVrUN-DUN'GUS, 71. Stinking tobacco. Phillips. 

Mu'NER-A-RY, a. [L. munus.] Having the nature of a 
gift. [Little used.] Johnson. 

fMU'NER-ATE. ) gfe Rruimi^RATE 

fMU-NER-A'TION. i *ee JIemunerate. 

MUNG'CORN, n. Mixed corn. See Mangcorn. 

MUN'GREL, n. [See Mongrel.] An animal generated be- 
tween different kinds, as a dog. 

MUN'GREL, a. Generated between different kinds ; de- 
generate. Shak. Dnjdsn. 

MU-NIC'I-PAL, a. [Fr. ; L. municipalis.] 1. Pertaining to 
a corporation or city. 2. Pertaining to a state, kingdom 
or nation.— Municipal, as used by the Romans, originally 
designated that which pertained to a mimicipium, a free 
citv or town. 

MU-NI-CI-PAL'I-TY, n. In France, a certain district or 
division of the country ; also, its inhabitants. Burke. 

\ MU-NIF'I-€ATE, v. t. [L. munifico.] To enrich. Cockeram. 

MU-NIF'I-CENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. viunificentia.] 1. A giving 
or bestowing liberally ; bounty ; liberality. 2. In Spenser, 
fortification or strength ; [obs.] 

MU-NIF'I-CENT, a. Liberal in giving or bestowing ; gen- 
erous. Atterbury. 

MU-NIF'I-CENT-LY, adv. Liberally ; generously. 

MtJ'NI-MENT, 7z. [1j. munimciitiim.] ]. A fortification of 
any kind ; a strong hold ; a place of defense. 2. Sup- 
port ; defense. 3. Record ; a writing by which claims 
and rights are defended or maintained. 

fMtl'NITE, 77. t. To fortify. Bacon. 

MU-Nl"TION, 71. [Fr. ; L. munitio.] 1. Fortification ; [ob-s.] 
Hale. 2. Ammunition ; whatever materials are used in war 
for defense, or for annoying an enemy. 3. Provisions of a 
garrison or fortress, or for ships of war, and in general 
for an mmy .—Munition-ships, ships which convey mili- 
tary and naval stores. 

t- MtJ'NI-TY, n. Freedom ; security. See Immunity. 

MUNN'ION, (mun'yun) n. An uprignt piece of timber 
which separates the several lights in a window-frame. 
See MuLLioN. 



MUNd's, I "• '^^*^ mouth. [Vulgar.] 

Mu'RAGE, n. [L. mums.] Money paid for keeping walls 
in repair. Johnson. 

Mu'RAL, a. [L. muralis.] 1. Pertaining to a wall. 2. 
Resembling a wall ; perpendicular or steeT^.— Mural crown, 
among the ancient Romans, a golden crown, bestowed on 
him who first mounted the wall of a besieged place. 

MUR'DER, 71. [Sax. 7norther; B.moord; G., Dan., Sw 
mord.] 1. The act of unlawfully killing a human being 
with premeditated malice, by a person of sound mind. 2 
An outcry, when life is in danger. 

MUR'DER, V. t. [Sax. myrthian ; D. moorden.] 1. To kill 
a human being with premeditated mahce. 2. To destroy _, 
to put an end to. 

MUR'DERED, pp. Slain with malice prepense. 

MUR'DER-ER, n. 1. A person who, in possession of his 
reason, unlawfully kills a human being with premeditated 
malice. 2. A small piece of ordnance. 

MUR'DER-ESS, n. A female who commits murder. 

MUR'DER-ING, ppr. Killing a human being with malice 
premeditated. 

MUR'DER-ING-PIECE, n. A small piece of ordnance 
Shak. 

t MUR'DER-MENT, n. The act of killing unlawfully. 
Fairfax. 

MUR'DER-OUS, a. 1. Guilty of murder. 2. Consisting in 
murder ; done with murder ; bloody ; cruel. 3. Bloody ; 
sanguinary ; committing murder. 4. Premeditating mur- 
der. 

MUR'DER-OUS-LY, adv. In a murderous or cruel manner. 

t MURE, n. [L. murus.] A wall. Shak. 

MURE, V. t. [Fr. murer.] To inclose in walls ; to wall. 

t Mu'REN-GER, n. An overseer of a wall. Ainsworth. 

Mu'RI-A-CITE, 71. A stone composed of salt, sand and 
gypsum. 

Mu'RI-ATE, n. [L. muria.] A salt formed by muriatic 
acid combined with a base. 

Mu'RI-A-TED, a. 1. Combined with muriatic acid. Kirwan. 
2. Put in brine. Evelyn. 

MU-RI-AT'ie, a. Having the nature of brine or salt water ; 
pertaining to sea salt. 

MU-RI-A-TIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing muriatic substances 
or salt. 

MU-RI-€AL'CITE, n. Rhomb-spar. Ure. 

Mu'RI-€A-TED, a. [Ij. muricatus.] 1. Formed with sharp 
points ; full of sharp points or prickles. — 2. In botany, 
having the surface covered with sharp points, or armed 
with prickles. 

Mu'RI-CTTE, n. Fossil remains of the murex, a genus of 
shells. 

Mu'RINE, &. [L. murinus.] Pertaining to a mouse or to 
mice. 

MURK, 71. [Sw. mhrker.] Darkness. [Little used.] 

MURK'Y, a. [Dan. 7K0>fc.] Dark; obscure; gloomy. 

MUR'MUR, n. [L.] I. A low, sound continued or contin- 
ually repeated, as that of a stream running in a stony 
channel, or that of flame. 2. A complaint half suppressed, 
or uttered in a low, muttering voice. 

MUR'MUR, V. i. [L. murmuro.] 1. To make a low, con- 
tinued noise, like the hum of bees, a stream of water, 
rolling waves, or like the wind in a forest. 2. To grum- 
ble ; to complain ; to utter complaints in a low, half- 
articulated voice ; to utter sullen discontent. 

MUR'MUR- ER, n. One who murmurs ; one who complains 
sullenly ; a grumbler. 

t MUR-MUR-A'TION, n. [L. murmuratio.] A low sound j 
the act of murmuring or muttering. 

MUR'MUR-ING,y;)r. Uttering complaints in a low voice 
or sullen manner ; grumbling ; complaining. 

MUR'MUR-ING-LY, adv. With a low sound ; with com- 
plaints. 

MUR'MUR-OUS, a. "Exciting munnur or complaint. 

t MUR'NI-VAL, 7?-. [Fi. mornifie.] Four cards of a sort. 
Skinner. 

t MURR, 77. A catarrh. Oascoigne. 

MUR'RAIN, (mur'rin) 7i. [Sp. morrina.] An infectious and 
fatal disease among cattle. Bacon. 

t MUR'RAIN, a. Infected with the murrain. Shak. 

MUR'RE, 71. Akindof bird. Carew. 

MUR'REY, a. Of a dark red color. Bacon. 

MUR'RHINE, a. [L. murrhinus.] An epithet given to a 
delicate kind of ware orporcelam brought from the East. 

MUR'RI-ON, 77. [Port, morriam.] A helmet; a casque; 
armor for the head. King. 

MURTH of Corn, n. Plenty of grain. 

t MU-SaRD', 71. [Fr.] A dreamer ; one who is apt to be 
absent in mind. Chaucer. 

MUS'€A-DEL, ) a. and n. [It. moscatello ; Port., Sp. mosca- 

MUS'CA-DINE, f tel; Fr. muscat, muscadin.] 1. An 

MUS-CAT', ( appellation given to a kind of rich 

MUS'€A-TEL, J wine, and to the grapes which produce 
it. 2. A sweet pear. 

MUS'CLE, (mus'sl) n. [Fr. ; L. muscuhis.] I. In anatomy, the 



3ee SunP2>sis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. ^Obsolete. 



MUS 



548 



MUT 



muscles are the organs of motion, consisting of fibres 
or bundles of fibres inclosed in a thin cellular membrane. 
2. A bivalvular shell fish of tlie genus mytilus; some- 
times written mussel. 

MUS-eOS'I-TY, n. Mossiness. 

MUS-€0-Va 'DO, n. Unrefined sugar ; the raw material 
from which loaf and lump sugar are procured by refining. 

MUS'eO-VY-DU€K, n. The musk-duck. 

MUS'CO-VY-GLaSS, n. Mica, which see. 

MUS'€U-LAR, a. 1. Pertaining to a muscle. 2. Performed 
by a muscle. 3. Strong ; brawny ; vigorous. 

MUS-€U-LAR'I-TY, n. The state of being muscular. 

MUS'eU-LITE, 71. A petrified muscle or shell. 

MUS'€U-LOUS, a. [L. viusculosus.] 1. Full of muscles, 2. 
Strong ; brawny. 3. Pertaining to a muscle or to muscles. 

MUSE, n. ['L.musa.] 1. Properly, song 3 but in usage, 
the deity or power of poetry. 2. Deep thought ; close 
attention or contemplation which abstracts the mind from 
passing scenes ; hence, sometimes, absence of mind. 

MUSE, n. One of the nine sister goddesses, who, in the 
heathen Tmjthology, are supposed to preside over the liberal 
arts. 

MUSE, V. i. [Fr. muser.'] 1. To ponder ; to think closely; 
to study in silence. 2. To be absent in mind ; to be so 
occupied in study or contemplation, as not to observe 
passing scenes or "things present. 3. To wonder 3 [06s.] 

MUSE, V. t. To think on ; to meditate on. Thornson. 

MuSE'FUL, a. Thinking deeply ; silently thoughtful. Dry- 
den. 

MUSE'LESS, a. Disregarding the power of poetry. 

MuS'ER, n. One who thinks closely in silence, or one apt 
to be absent in mind. Johnson. 

MU'SET, n. The place through which the hare goes to re- 
lief; a hunting term. Bailey. 

MU-SE'UM, n. [Gr. jwoucretov.] A house or apartment ap- 
propriated as a repository of things that have an immedi- 
ate relation to the arts ; a cabinet of curiosities. 

MUSH, ?t. [G. mus.] The meal of maize boiled in water. 

MUSH'ROOM, n. [Fr. mousseron.] 1. The common name 
of numerous cryptogamiau plants of the natural order of 
fungi. 2. An upstart ; one that rises suddenly from a 
low condition in life. 

MUSH'ROOM-STONE, n. A fossil or stone that produces 
mushrooms ; the lyncurius. Woodward. 

MtJ'SI€, 71. [L.musica; Fr. miisique.] 1. Melody or har- 
mony ; any succession of sounds so modulated as to please 
the ear, or any combination of simultaneous sounds in 
accordance or harmony. 2. Any entertainment consist- 
ing in melody or harmony. 3. The science of harmonical 
sounds, which treats of the principles of harmony, or the 
properties, dependencies and relations of sounds to each 
other. 4. The art of combining sounds in a manner to 
please the ear. 5. Order ; harmony in revolutions. 

'MU'SI-eAL, a. 1. Belonging to music. 2. Producing mu- 
sic or agreeable sounds. 3. Melodious ; harmonious ; 
pleasing to the ear. 

MU'SI-GAL-LY, adv,. In a melodious or harmonious man- 
ner ; with sweet sounds. 

Mu'SI-€AL-NESS, n. The quality of being melodious or 
harmonious. 

]Mu'SI€-BOOK, n. A book containing tunes or songs for 
the voice' or for instruments. 

MU-Si"CIAN, n. A person skilled in the science of music, 
or one that smgs or performs on instruments of music 
according to the rules of the art. 

Mu'SIC-MaS-'I'ER, n. One v/ho teaches music. 

MuS'ING, ppr. Meditating in silence. 

MtJS'ING, ??. Meditation ; contemplation. 

MUSK, n. [L. muscus.] A strong-scented substance ob- 
tained from a cyst or bag near the navel of the Thibet 
musk, [moschus moschiferxts,] an animal that inhabits the 
mountains of Central Asia. 

MUSK, 71. Grape-hyacinth or grape-flower. Johnson. 

MUSK, V. t. To perfume with musk. 

MUSK'-AP-PLE, n. A particular kind of apple. 

MUSK'-CAT, 71. The musk, which see. 

MUSK'-CHER-RY, n. A kind of cherry. 

MUS'KET, 71. [It. moschetto ; Fr. mousquet.] 1. A species 
of fire-arms used in war. 2. A male hawk of a small 
kind, the female of which is the sparrow-hawk. 

MUS-KET-EER', ji. A soldier armed with a musket. 

MUS-Kk'TOE, {n. [Bp., Fort, mosquito.] A small insect 

MUS-Q,Ue'TOE, \ of the genus culex, that is bred in wa- 
ter ; a species of gnat that aboimds m marshes and low 
lands, and whose sting is peculiarly painful and vexatious. 

MUS-KE-TOON', 7^. [Fr. mousqueton.] 1. A short thick 
musket ; the shortest kind of blunderbuss. 2. One who 
is armed with a musketoon. Herbert. 

MUSK'I-NESS, 71. [from musk.] The scent of musk. 

MUSK'MEL-ON, n. A delicious species of melon ; named 
probably from its fragrance. 

MUSK'-OX, 71. A species of the genus bos, which inhabits 
the country about Hudson's Bay. 

MUSK'-PEaR, n. A fragrant kind of pear. Johnson. 



MUSK'RAT, or MUS'aUASH, n. An American animal 0/ 
the murine genus, the mus zibethicus. 

MUSK'ROSE, 71. A fragrant species of rose. 

MUSK'-SEED, n. A plant of the genus hibiscus. 

MUSK'-WOOD, n. A species of plant of the genus tricUlva. 

MUSK'Y, a. Having the odor of musk ; fragrant. 

MUS'LIN, 71. [Fr. mousseline ; It. mussolina, mussolo.'] A 
sort of fine cotton cloth, which bears a downy knot on its 
surface. 

MUS'LIN, a. Made of muslin ; as, a.muslin gown. 

MUS-LIN-ET', n. A sort of coarse cotton cloth. 

MUS'MON, or MUS'I-MON, n. An animal esteemed a epe 
cies of sheep. 

MUS'ROLE, n. [Fr. muserolle.'] The nose-band of a horse's 
bridle. 

t MUSS, 71. A scramble. Shak. 

MUS'SEL. See Muscle. 

t MUS-SI-Ta'TION, 71. [L.mussito.} Murmur; grumble 

MUS'SITE, n. A variety of pyroxene. 

MUS'SUL-MAN, n. A Mohammedan or follower of Mo- 
hammed. 

MUS'SUL-MAN-ISH, a. Mohammedan. Herbert. 

MUST, V. i. [Sax. most ; D. moeten, moest.] 1. To be 
obliged ; to be necessitated. 2. It expresses moral fitness 
or propriety, as necessary or essential to the character or 
end proposed. 

MUST, n. [L. mustum ; Sax. must.] New wine ; wine 
pressed from the grape but not fermented. 

MUST, V. t. [Fr. moisi.] To make moldy and sour. 

MUST, V. i. To grow moldy and sour ; to contract a fetid 
smell. 

MUS'TAe, n. A small tufted monkey, 

MUS-Ta'CHES, 71. [Fr. jnoustaches ; Sp. mostacho; It. mos- 
tacchio.] Long hair on the upper lip. 

MUS'TARD, 71. [It. mostarda.] A plant. 

MUS-TEE', or MES-TEE , n. A person of a mixed breed. 
TVm Indies m 

MUS'TE-LINE, a. [L. miistelinus.] Pertaining to the 
weasel or animals 01 the genus mustela. 

MUS'TER, v. t. [G. mustern; D. monsteren.] Properly, to 
collect troops for revievv^, parade and exercise ; but in gen- 
eral, to collect or assemble troops, persons or things. 

MUS'TER, V. i. To assemble ; to meet in one place. 

MUS'TER, 71. [It., Port, mostra.l 1. An assembling of 
troops for review, or a review of troops under arms. 2. 
A register or roll of troops mustered. 3. A collection, or 
the act of collecting. — To pass muster, to be approved or 
allowed. 

MUS'TER-BOOK, 71. A book in which forces are regis- 
tered. 

MUS'TER-MAS-TER, 7?. One who takes an account of 
troops, and of their arms and other military apparatus. 

MUS'TER-RoLL, n. A roll or register of the troops. 

MUST'I-LY, adv. Moldily; sourly. 

MUST'I-NESS, 71. The quality of being musty or sour, 
moldiness ; damp foulness. Evelyn, 

MUST'Y, a. 1. Moldy; sour; foul and fetid. 2. Stale; 
spoiled by age. 3. Having an ill flavor. 4. Dull ; heavy ; 
spiritless. 

MU-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. mutabilite ; L. mutabilitas.] 
1. Changeableness ; susceptibility of change. 2. The 
state of habitually or frequently changing. 3. Changea- 
bleness, as of mind, disposition or will ; inconstancy ; in- 
stability. 

MU'TA-BLE, a. [It. mutabile ; h. mutabilis.] 1. Subject to 
change ; changeable ; that may be altered in form, quali- 
ties or nature. 2. Inconstant ; unsettled ; unstable ; sus- 
ceptible of change. 

Mu'TA-BLE-NESS, n. Changeableness; mutability; in 
stabilitv. 

MCT-Ta'TION, n. [L. mutatio.] 1. The act or process of 
changing. 2. Change ; alteration, either in form or qual 
ities. 

MUTE, a. [L. mutus ; Fr. muet.] 1. Silent ; not speaking ; 
not uttering words, or not having the power of utterance ; 
dumb. 2. Uttering no sound. 3. Silent; not pronoun- 
ced. 

MUTE, n. 1. In law, a person that stands speechless when 
he ought to answer or plead. — 2. In grammar, a letter 
that represents no sound ; a close articulation which inter- 
cepts the voice, — 3, In music, a little utensil of wood or 
brass, used on a violin to deaden or soften the sounds, 

MUTE, V. i. [Fr. mutir.] To eject the contents of \\e 
bowels, as birds. B. Jonson. 

MUTE, 7?. The dung of fowls. 

MuTE'LY, adv. Silently ; without uttering words or sounds 

MuTE'NESS, 71. Silence; forbearance of speaking. 

Mu'TI-LATE, V. t. [L, mutilo.] 1, To cut off a limb o 
essential part of an animal body, 2. To cut or break off 
or otherwise separate any important part. 3. To retrench, 
destroy or remove any material part, so as to render the 
thing imperfect. 

Mu'TI-LA-TED, pp. Deprived of a limb or of an essential 
part. 



( 



SeeSmov^. A E I, 0, U. Y Jo?}?.— FAR FALL WHAT ;—PREY ;—PiN, MARINE BIRD;— ^Obsolete. 



MYR 



549 



MYT 



Rlu'TI-LA-TED, ) a. In botany, the reverse of luxuriant ; 
Mu'TI-LATE, J not producing a corol, when not regu- 
larly apetalous. 
Mu'TI-LA-TING, ppr. Retrenching a limb or an essential 

part. 
MU-TI-La'TION, n. [L. mutilatio.] The act of mutilating ; 

deprivation of a limb or of an essential part, 
Mu'TI-LA-TOR, n. One who m^itilates. 
Mu'TI-LOUS, a. Mutilated j defective ; imperfect. 
MU'TINE, a mutineer, and Mu'TlNE, to mutiny, are not 
in use. 

MU-TX-NEER', «. One guilty of mutiny. See BIutiny. 
MuT'ING, n. The dung of fowls. More. 

Mu'TI-NOUS, a. 1. Turbulent; disposed to resist the au- 
thority of laws and regulations in an army or navy, or 
openly resisting such authority. 2. Seditious. 

Mu'TI-NOUS-LY, adv. In a manner or with intent to op- 
pose lawful authority or due subordination in military or 
naval service. 

MU'TI-NOUS-NESS, n. The state of being mutinous ; op- 
position to lawful authority among military men. 

MU'TI-NY, w. [Fr. mutinerie.] An insurrection of soldiers 
or seamen against the authority of their commanders ; 
open resistance of officers, or opposition to their authority. 

Mu'TI-NY, V. i. To rise against lawful authority in milita- 
ry and naval service. 

MUT'TER, V. i. [L. mutio.] 1. To utter words with a low 
voice and compressed lips, with sullenness or in com- 
plaint ; to grumble ; to murmur. 2. To sound with a low, 
rumbling noise. 

MUT'TER, V. t. To utter with imperfect articulations, or 
with a low, murmuring voice. 

MUT'TER, n. Murmur ; obscure utterance. Milton. 

MUT'TERED, pp. Uttered in a low, murmuring voice. 

MUT'TER-ER, n. A grumbler ; one that mutters. 

MUT'TER-ING, ppr. Uttering with a low, murmuring 
voice ; grumbling ; murmuring. 

MUT'TER-ING-LY, adv. With a low voice; without dis- 
tinct articulation. 

\IUT'TON, (mut'n) n. [Fr. moutnn.] 1. The flesh of sheep, 
raw or dressed for food. 2. A sheep. Bacon. 

MUT'TON-FIST, n. A large, red, brawny hand. 

MU'TU-AL, a. [Fr. mutuel ; L. mutuus.] Reciprocal ; in- 
terchanged ; each acting in return or correspondence to the 
other ; given and received. 

Mu-TU-AL'I-TY, n. Reciprocation ; interchange. Shak. 

MU'TU-AL-LY, adv. Reciprocally ; in the manner of 
giving and receiving. 

? MU-TU-A-Tl"TIOUS, a. Borrowed; taken from some 
other. 

■VrU-TU-A'TION, n. [L. mutuatio.] The act of borrowing. 
[Little used.] Hall. 

MtJ'TULE, n. [Fr. mutule.] In architecture, a square mo- 
dillion under the cornice. 

MUX, n. [a corruption of mMc7>:.] Dirt. Qrose. 

MUX'Y, a. Dirtv ; gloomy. Lemon. 

MUZ'ZLE, n. [f"r. museau.] 1. The mouth of a thing ; the 
extreme or end for entrance or discharge ; applied chiefly to 
the end of a tube. 2. A fastening for the mouth whicli 
hinders from biting. 

MUZ'ZLE, V. t. 1. To bind the mouth ; to fasten tlie mouth 
to prevent biting or eating. 2. To fondle with the mouth 
close ; [loio.] 3. To restrain from hurt. 

MUZ'ZLE, r. i. To bring the mouth near. L'Estrange. 

MUZ'ZLE-RING, n. The metalline ring or circle that sur- 
rounds the mouth of a cannon or other piece. Encyc. 

MUZ'ZY, a. [a corruption from to muse.] Absent ; forget- 
ful ; dreaming ; bewildered by thought or by liquor. 

*■ My, pronom. adj. [contracted from misren, mine. See 
Mine.] Belonging tome ; as, this is my' book. 

MYN'CHEJV, n. [Sax. mynchen.] A nun. Diet. 

MYN-HEER', n. [D. my lord.] A Dutchman. 

MY-0-GRAPH'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to a description of the 
muscles. 

MY-OG'RA-PHIST, n. One who describes the muscles. 

MY-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. fjivs, [xvos, and ypacpo).] A de- 
scription of the muscles of the body. 

MY-O-LOG'I-CAL, a. Pertaining to the description and 
doctrine of ths muscles. 

MY-0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. ijlvs, ixvog, and 'Soyog.] A descrip- 
tion of the muscles, or the doctrine of the muscles of the 
human body. 

My'OPE, «. [Gr. fxvioip.] A short-sighted person. ./9<fams 

My'O-PY, n. Short-sightedness. Encyc. 

MYR'I-AD, n. [Gr. ixvpiag.] 1. The number of ten thou- 
sand 9. An immense number, indefinitely. Milton. 

MYR-1 i^M'E-TER, n. [Gr. {ivpia and ixerpov.] In the iieto 
systeii of French measures, the length of ten thousand 
metres. 

MYR'I-ARGH, n. [Gr. jxvpia and ap)(^og.] A captain or 
commander often thousand men. 



MYRT-ARE, n. [Gr. [jjjpia, and are, h. area.] A French 
linear measure often thousand arcs. Lunier. 

MYR'I-CIN, 71. The substance which remains after bees- 
wax has been digested in alcohol. 

MYR-I-OL'I-TER, n. [Gr. fxvpios and Xirpa.] A French 
measure of capacity containing ten thousand liters. 

MYR'MI-DON, n. [Gr. lAvpixriScav.] Primarily, the Myrmi- 
dons are said to have been a people on the borders of Thes- 
saly. A desperate soldier or ruffian. 

MY-ROB'A-LAN, n. [L. mijrobolanum.] A dried fruit of 
the plum kind brought from the East Indies. 

JMY-ROP'O-LIST, 71. [Gr. ixvpov and jiwXsoj.] One that 
sells unguents. [Little v^cd.] 

MYRRH, (mer) n. [L. myrrha.] A gum-resin that comes 
in the form of drops or globules of various colors and 
sizes, of a pretty strong but agreeable smell, and of a bitter 
taste. 

MYR'RHINE, a. [D. myrrhinus.] Made of the myrrhine 
stone. Milton. 

MYR'TI-FORM, a. [L. myrtus and form.] Resembling 
myrtle or myrtle berries. 

MYR'TLE, n. [L. myrtus.] A plant of the genus myrtus, of 
several species. 

My'RUS, n. A species of sea-serpent. 

MY-SELF', pron. 1. A compound of my and self, used after 
/, to express emphasis, marking emphatically the distinc- 
tion between the speaker and another person ; as, I my- 
self will do iti — 2. In the objective case, the reciprocal of /; 
as, I will defend myself. '3. It is sometimes used without 
/, particularly in poetry. 

MYS'TA-GOGUE, (mis'ta-gog) n. [Gr. ijvarijs and aywyog.] 

1. One who interprets mysteries. 2. One that keeps 
church relics and shows them to strangers. 

MYS-Te'RI-AL, a. Containing a mystery or enigma. 

MYS'-TE-Rt-ARCH ,a. [Gr. iivcrvpLov and ap^os.] One 
presidiiig over uiysteries. Johnson. 

MYS-Tk'RI-OUS, a. 1. Obscure; hid from the understand- 
ing; not clearly understood.— 2. In religion, obscure; 
secret ; not revealed or explained ; hidden from human 
understanding, or unintelligible ; beyond human compre- 
hension. 

MYS-Te'RI-OUS-LY, ddv. 1. Obscurely; enigmatically. 

2. In a manner wonderfully obscure and unintelligi- 
ble. 

MYS-TeTvI-0U3-]VESS, 71. Obscurity; the quality of being 
hid from the understanding, and calculated to excite 
curiosity or wonder. 2. Artful perplexity. 

MYS'TE-BY, n. [L. mysterium ; Gr. jjivarnpiov.] 1. A 
profound secret; something wholly unknown.— 2. In 
religion, any thing in the character or attributes of God, 
or in the economy of divine providence, which is not re- 
vealed to man. 3. That which is beyond human com 
prehension until explained. 4. An enigma; any thing 
artfully made difficult. 5. A kind of ancient dramatic 
representation. 6. A trade ; a calling ; any mechanical 
occupation which supposes skill or knowledge peculiar to 
those who carry it on, and therefore a secret to 
others. 

MYS'Tie, ) a. [L. mysticus.] 1. Obscure ; hid ; secret. 

MYS'TI-GAL, ', 2. Sacredly obscure or secret; remote 
from human comprehension. 3. Involving some secret 
meaning ; allegorical ; emblematical. 

MYS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. In a manner or by an act implying 
a secret meaning. Donne. 

MYS'TI-€AL-NESS, n. The quality of being mystical, or 
of involving some secret meaning. 

MYS'TI-CISM, n. 1. Obscurity of doctrine. 2. The doc- 
trine of the Mystics, who profess a pure, sublime and 
perfect devotion, wholly disinterested, and maintain 
that they hold immediate intercourse with the Divine 
Spirit. 

MYS'TIGS, n. A religious sect who profess to have direct 
intercourse with the Spirit of God. 

MYTH'IG, I a. [from Gr. ixvOos.] Fabulo.'-. i^/mck- 

MYTH'I-GAL, \ ford. 

MY-THOG'RA-PHER, n. [Gr. [xvOos and ypadxo.] A writer 
of fables. 

MYTH'0-L06-ie, ) a. Relating to mythology ; fabu 

MYTH-0-LOG'I-€AL, \ lous. 

MYTH-O-LOG'I-GAL-LY, adv. In a way suited to the 
system of fables. 

MY-TH0L'0-6IST, n. One versed In mythology; one 
who writes on mythology. JVorris. 

MY-THOL'0-GiZE, v. i. To relate or explain the fabulous 
history of the heathen. 

MY-THOL'0-6Y, 7*. [Gr. fivcpos and Xoyos.] A system of 
fables, or fabulous opinions and doctrines, respecting the 
deities which heathen nations have supposed to preside 
over the world or to influence the affairs of it. 

MYT'I-LITE, 71. [Gr. fiVTiXos.] In geology, a petrified 
muscle or shell of the genus mytilus. 



See Synopds. MoVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE— € as K ; 6 as .1 ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete . 



NAM 



550 



NAR 



N 



Nis the fourteenth letter of the English Alphabet, and 
an articulation formed by placing the end of the tongue 
against the root of the upper teeth. It is an imperfect mute 
or semi-vowel, and a nasal letter ; the articulation being 
accompanied with a sound through the nose. It has one 
sound only, and after m is silent, or nearly so, as in hymn 
and condemn, 

N, among the ancients, was a numeral letter, signifymg 
900, and, with a stroke over it, N, 9000.— Among the laio- 
yers, N. L. stood for non liquet, the case is not clear, — 
In commerce, No. is an abbreviation of the French nombre, 
and stands for number. N. S. stands for 7iew style. 

NAB, n The summit of a mountain or rock. [Local.'] 
Grrose. 

NAB, V. t. [Sw. nappa ,• Dan. napper.] To catch suddenly ; 
to seize by a sudden grasp or thrust. [.A low word.] 

Na'BOB, n. ^. A deputy or prince in India, subordinate to 
the Subahs : hence, 2. A man of great wesdth. 

NA€K'EIl. ieeNAKEU. 

NA€K'ER, n. A collar-maker ; a harness-maker. Lemon. 

Na'€RE-0!JS, a. Having a pearly lustre. Phillips. 

Na'€RITE, 7!. A rare mineral, called, also, talckite. 

Na DIR, 7!. [Av.] That point of the heavens or lower hemis- 
phere directly opposite to the zenith ; the point directly 
under the place wiiere we stand. 

NA'DLE-STErN, n. \G. nadel and stein.} Needle-stone; 
rutile. Ure. 

N^VE, n. [L. imviJis.'] A spot. Dryden. 



NAFE, 



n. A kind of tufted sea-fowl. Todd. 



NAFF 

NAG, n. 1. A small horse ; a horse in general, or rather a 

sprightly horse. 2. A paramour ; in contempt. Shak. 
NAGGY, a. Contentious; disposed to quarrel. JVorth of 

England. 
NaID, or Na'IAD, (;na'yad) n. [Gr. vaLa6ss.] In mythol- 
ogy, a water-nympli ; a deity that presides over rivers 
and springs. 
NaIL, 7!. [Sax. ncsgcl ; Sw., G., D. Tiag-el,] 1. The claw 
or talon of a fowl or other animal. 2. The horny sub- 
stance growing at tlu; end of the human fingers and" toes. 
3. A small pointed piece of metal, usually with a head, 
to be driven into a board or other piece of timber, and 
serving to fasten it to other timber. 4. A stud or boss ; a 
short nail with a large broad head. 5. A meisure of 
length, being two inches and a quarter, or the ICth of a 
yard.— O/i the nail, in hand ; immediately ; without delay 
or time of credit. — To hit the nail on the head, to hit or 
touch the exact point. 
NaIL, v. t. 1. To fasten with nails ; to unite, close or make 
compact with nails. 2. To stud with nails. 3. To stop 
the vent of a cannon ; to spike. 
NaIIjED, pp. Fastened with nails ; studded. 
NaIL'ER, 71. One whose occupation is to make nails. 
NaIL'ER-Y, 71. A manufactory where nails are made. 
NaIL'ING, ppr. Fastening with nails ; studding. 
NaiVE'LY, adv. [Ft. naif, fromJu. nativus.] With native 

or unaffected simplicity. 
NAtVE'TE, ) (naev'ta) n. Native simplicity ; unaffected 
NaIV'TY, ] plainness or ingenuousness. Gray. 
Na'KED, a. [Sax. nacod ; G. nachet, nackt ; D. naakt.] 1. 
Not covered ; bare ; having no clothes on. 2. Unarmed ; 
defenseless ; open ; exposed ; having no means of defense. 
3. Open to view ; not concealed ; manifest. Heb. iv. 4. Des- 
titute of worldly goods. Job i. 5. Exposed to shame and 
disgrace. Ex. xxxii. 6. Guilty and exposed to divine 
wrath. Rev. iii. 7. Plain ; evident ; undisguised. 8. 
Mere ; bare ; simple ; wanting the necessary additions. 
9. Not inclosed in a pod or case. 10. Without leaves, 
fulcres or arms. 11. Not assisted by glasses. 
Na'KED-LY, adv. 1. Without covering. 2. Simply ; bare- 
ly ; merely ; in the abstract. Holder. 3. Evidently. 
NA'KED-NESS, n. 1. Want of covering or clothing ; 
nudity ; bareness. 2. Want of means of defense. 3. 
Plainness ; openness to view. 
Na'KER, n. A violent flatulence passing from one limb to 

another with pain. Parr. 
NaKER, 71. [Sp. nacar ; Ft. nacre.] Mother of pearl. 
NALL, 71. [Dan. naal.] An awl, such as collar-makers or 

shoe-makers use. [J^ot used, or local.] 
NAME, 71. [Sax. nama ; D. nuam ; G. iMme.] 1. That by 
which a thing is called ; an appellation attached to a 
thing by customary use. 2. The letters or characters 
written or engraved, expressing the pounds by which a 
person or thing is known and distinguished. 3. A person. 
4. Reputation; character; that which is commonly said 



of a person. 5. Renown; fsune; honor; celebrity; emi- 
nence ; praise ; distinction. 6. Remembrance ; memory. 
7. Appearance only ; sound only ; not reality. 8. Author- 
ity; behalf; part. 9. Assumed character of another. — 10. 
In Scripture, the name of God signifies his titles, his attri- 
butes, his will or purpose, his honour and glory, his word, 
his grace, his wisdom, power and goodness, his worship 
or service, or God himself. 11. Issue ; posterity that pie- 
serves tiie name. Dent. xxv. — 12. In grammar, a noun. — 
To call names, to apply opprobrious names; to call by 
reproachful appellations. Swift. — To take the name of God 
in vain, to swear falsely or profanely. — To know by name, 
to honor by a particular friendship. — Christian name, the 
name a person receives by baptism, as distinguished from 
surname. 
NAME, /;. t. [Sax. naman, nemnan.] 1. To set or give to 
any person or thing a sound or combination of sounds, by 
which it may be known and distinguished ; to call ; to 
give an appellation to. 2. To mention by name. 3. To 
nominate ; to designate for any purpose by name. 4. To 
entitle. — 7'o name the name of Christ, to make profession 
of faith in him. 2. Tim. iv. 
Named, pp. called ; denominated ; designated by name. 
NaME'LESS, a. 1. Without a name ; not distinguished 
by an appellation. Waller. 2. He or that whose name 
is not known or mentioned. 
NaME'LY, adv. To mention by name ; particularly. 
NaM'ER, 71. One that names or calls by name. 
NaME'SAIvE, 71. One that has the same name as another 

Addison. 
NaM'ING, ppr. Calling; nominating; mentioning. 
NAN, a Welsh word signifying what, used as an interroga 

five. 
NAN-KEEN', v. [JN'ankin, a Chinese word.] A species ot. 
cotton cloth of a firm texture, from China, now imitateo 
by the manufacturers in Great Britain. 
NAP, n. [Sax. hnappian.] A short sleep or slumber. 
NAP, V. i. 1. To have a short sleep ; to be drowsy. 2. Tt 

be in a careless, secure state. Wickliffe. 
NAP, 71. [Sax. hnoppa ; It. nappa.] 1. The woolly or villous 
substance on the surface of cloth. 2. The downy or soft 
hairy substance on plants. 3. A knop ; see Knop. 
NAPE, 71. [Sax. cncBp.] The prominent joint of the neck 

behind, bacon. 
■[Na'PER-Y, n. [Fr. nappe : It. nappa.] Linen for the table ; 

table-cloths or linen cloth in general. 
NAPH'EW, n. [L. napus.] A plant. 
NAPH'THA, ?i. [L., Gr., Ch., Syr., Ar.] An inflammable 

mineral substance of tlie bituminous kind. 
NAPHTHA-LINE, n. A crystalizable substance. 
NAP'KIN, 71. [Fr. 7iap'^.] 1. A cloth used for wiping the 

hands; a towel. 2. A handkerchief ; [obs.] 
NAP'LESS, a. Without nap ; threadbare. Shak. 
NAP'PAL, n. Soap rock. Pinkerton. 

NAP'PI-NESS, 7i. 1. The quality of being sleepy. 2. The 
quality of having a nap ; abundance of nap ; as on cloth. 
NAP'PY, a. Frothv ; spumy. Gay. 
NAP'TA-KING, a'. Taking naps. 

NAP'TA-KING, n. A taking by suiprise ; unexpected on- 
set when one is unprepared. Carew. 
fNAR, a. Old compar. of near. Spenser. 
NAR-CIS'SUS, 7!. [L.] In botany, the daffodil. 
NAR-Cc'SIS, n. [Gr. vap/cwtrtj.] Stupefaction ; privation 

of sense. 
NAR-€OT'I€, } a. [Gr. vapKwriKos.] Causing stupor, 
NAR-€0T'I-CAL, ) stupefaction, or insensibility to pain ; 

soporific ; inducing sleep. 
NiVR-COT'IC, n. A medicine which stupefies the senses 
and renders insensible to pain ; a medicine which induces 
sleep ; a soporific ; an opiate. 
NAR-€0T'I-€AL-LY, adv. By producing torpor or drowsi- 
ness. Whitlock. 
NAR-€OT'I€-NESS, 7!. The quality of inducing sleeper 

removing pain. 
NXR'€0-TINE, 7i. The pure narcotic principle of opium. 
NARD, 7i. [L. nardus, nardum.] 1. An aromatic plant usu- 
ally called spikenard, spica nardi, highly valued by the 
ancients, both as an article of luxury and of medicine. 2. 
An unguent prepared from the plant. 
NAR'DINE, a. Pertaining to nard ; having the qualities of 

spikenard. Asiat. Res. 
t NARE, 77. [L. naris.] The nostril. Hudibras. 
t NAR'RA-BLE, a. [L. narrabilis.] That may be related, 

told or narrated. 
NAR'HATE, V t. [L. narro ; It. narrare.] 1. To tell, re- 
hearse or recite, as a story ; to relate the particulars of any 



* See Synmsis. A, E, T, O, U, "?, Imig.- FAR, FALL, WH^T ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;- 



t Obsolete, 



NAT 



551 



NAT 



event or transaction. 2. To write, as the particulars of a 
story or history. 

NAR'RA-TED, pp. Related; told. 

^AWBA-TLNG, ppr. Relating; telling; reciting. 

\AR-Ra'TION, n. [L. narratio.] 1. The act of telling or 
relating the particulars of an event ; rehearsal ; recital. 
2. Relation ; story ; history ; the relation in words or wri- 
ting, of the particulars of any transaction or event, or of 
any series of transactions or events. — 3. In oratory, that 
part of a discourse which states the facts connected with 
the subject. 

NAR'RA-TlVE, a. [Fr. narratif.] 1. Relating the particu- 
lars of an event or transacticjn ; giving a paiticular or con- 
tinued account 2. Apt or inclined to relate stories, or to 
tell particulars of events ; story-telling. 

NAR'RA-TlVE, n. The recital of a story, or a continued 
account of the particulars of an event or transaction; 
story.. 
• NAR'R'A-TiVE-LY, adv. By way of narration or recital. 

NAR-Ra'TOR, 71. One that narrates ; one that relates a se- 
ries of events or transactions. Watts. 

NAR RA-T_0-RY, a. Giving an account of events. liowdl. 

NAR'RI-Fy, v. t. To relate ; to give account of. 

NAR'RoW, a. [Sax. neara, nearo.'] i. Of little breadth ; 
not wide or broad ; having little distance from side to 
side. 2. Of little extent; very limited. 3. Covetous; 
not libera] or bountiful. 4. Contracted; of confined views 
or sentiments ; very limited. 5. Near ; within a small 
distance. 6. Close ; near ; accurate ; scrutinizmg. 7. 
Near ;_ barely sufficient to avoid evil. 

NAR'RoW, ; 72. A strait; a narrow passage through a 

NAR 'Rows, J mountain, or a narrow channel of water 
between one sea or lake and another; a sound. Washing- 
ton. Mitford. 

NAR'RoW, V. t. 1. To lessen the breadth of ; to contract. 
2. To contract in extent. 3. To drav/ into a smaller com- 
pass ; to contract; to limit ; to confine. — 4. In knitting., to 
contract the size of a stocking by taking two stitches into 
one. 

NAR'RoW, V. i. To become less broad; to contract in 
breadth. — 2. In horsemanship, a horse is said to narroio, 
when he does not take ground enough, or bear out enough 
to the one hand or the other. 3. To contract the size of 
a stocking by taking two stitches into one. 

NAR'RoWED, pp. Contracted ; made less wide. 

NAR'RoW-ER, n. The person or thing which narrows or 
contracts. 

NAR'RoW-ING, ppr. Contracting ; making less broad. 

NAR'RoW-INGS, n. The part of a stocking which is nar- 
rowed. 

NAR'RoW-LY, adv. With little breadth. 2. Contractediy ; 
without mucli extent. 3. Closely; accurately; with mi- 
nute scrutiny. 4. Nearly ; withiii a little ; by a small dis- 
tance^ 5. Sparingly. < 

?f AR'RoW-NESS, n. Smallness of breadth or distance ftora 
side to side. 2. Smallness of extent ; contractedness. 3. 
smallness of estate or means of living ; poverty. 4. Con- 
tractedness ; penuriousness ; covetoilsness. 5. lUiberali- 
ty ; want of generous, enlarged or charitable views or sen- 
timents. 

i^AR'WAL, or NAR'WHAL, n. [G. narwall.'] The mon- 
odon monoceros, a cetaceous animal found in the northern 
seas. 

I NAS, for ne has, has not. Spenser. 

Na sal, a. [L. nasus ; It. nasale.] Pertaining to the nose ; 
formed or affected by the nose. 

Va'SAL, n. 1. A letter whose sound is affected by the nose. 
2. A medicine that operates through the nose; an er- 
rhine. 

NAS'CAL, 71. A kind of medicated pessarv. Ferrand. 

VAS'CEN-CY, n. [L. nasoens.'] Production. Jlnnot. on 
Glanvillc. 

\AS'CENT, a. [L. nascens."] Beginning to exist or to grow ; 
coming into being. Black. 

NaSE'BER-RY, n." A tree of the genus sloanea. 

NAS'I-€OR-NOUS, a. [L.7iastis and cornu.] Having a horn 
growing on the nose. Brown. 

NAS'TI-LY, adv. In a nasty manner ; filthily; dirtily. 2. 
Obscenely. 

NAS'TI-NESS, 7!. Extreme filthiness ; dirtiness; filth. 2. 
Obscenity ; ribaldry. South. 

NAS-TUR'TION, n. [L. nasturtium.1 A plant. 

NAS'TY, a. 1. Disgustingly filthy ; very dirty, foul or de- 
filed ; nauseous. Mterhury. 2. Obscene. 

Na'SUS, n. A fresh water fish of Germany. 

Na'SUTE, a. [L. nasutiis.'] Critical ; nice ; captious. Bp 
Gauden. 

Na'TAL, a. [L. natalis.] Pertaining to birth. 

NA-Tx\-Ll''TIAL, or NA-TA-LI"TIOUS, a. [L. natali- 
tius.] Pertaining to one's birth or birth-day, or conse- 
crated to one's nativity. 

tNA'TALS, 71. plu. Time and place of nativity. 

Na'TANT, a. [L. nutans.] In botany, swimming ; floating 
on the surface of water. 



NA-Ta'TION, n. [L. natatio.] A swimming ; the act of 
floating on the water. [Little used.] Brown. 

Na'TA-TO-RY, a. Enabling to swim. Brit. Crit. 

NATCil, 72. [for notch.] The part of an ox between the 
loins, near the rump. Marshal. 

f NATH'LESS, acZij. [Sax. jiatheles.] Nevertheless; not the 
less ; notwithstanding. Milton. 

fNATH'MORE, adv. [na, the and more.] Not the more; 
never the more. Spenser. 

Na'TION, 72. [L. natio.] 1. A body of people inhabiting 
the same countiy, or united under the same sovereign or 
government. 2. A great, nnmber, by way of emphasis. 

*Na'TION-AL, c. 1. Pertaining to a nation. 2. Public; 
general ; common to a nation. 3. Attached or unduly at- 
tached to one's own country. 

* NA-TION-AL'I-TY, n. National character ; also, the qual- 

ity of being national, or strongly attached to one's own 
nation. Boswcll. 

* Na'TION-AL-iZE, v. t. To make national ; to give to 
one the character and habits of a nation, or the peculiar 
attachments which belong to citizens of the same nation. 

* Na'TION-AL-LY, adv. In regard to the nation; as a 
whole nation. South. 

* Na'TION-AL-NESS, 72. Reference to the people in gen- 
eral. 

Na'TiVE, a. [Ij.nativus.] 1. Produced by nature ; origi- 
nal ; born with the being ; natural : not acquired. 2. Pro- 
duced by nature ; not factitious or artificial. 3. Conferred 
by buth. 4. Pertaining to the place of birth. 5. Origi- 
nal ; that of which any thing is made. 6. Bom with ; 
congenial. 

Na'TIVE, 71. 1. One born in anyplace. 2. Offspring; [obs.] 

Na'TiVE-LY, adv. By birth ; "naturally ; originally. 

Na'TiVE-NESS, 72. State of being produced by natm-e. 

NA-TIV'I-TY, 71. 1. Birth ; the coming into life or the 
world. 2. Time, place and manner of birth. 3. State or 
place of being produced. 

NAT'KA, 72. A bird, a species of shrike. Pennant. 

Na'TRO-LITE, 7). A variety of mesotype or zeolite. 

Na'TRON, 72. Native carbonate of soda, or mineral alkali. 

NAT'U-RAL, ffi. [FT.7iaturel ! li. naiiiralis.] 1. Pertaining 
to nature ; produced or effected by nature. 2. According 
to the stated course of things. 3. Not forced ; not far- 
fetched ; such as is dictated by nature. 4. According to 
the life. 5. Consonant to nature. 6. Derived from nature, 
as opposed to habitual. 7. Discoverable by reason ; not 
revealed. 8. Produced or coming in the ordinary coui'se 
of things, or the progress of animals and vegetables. 9. 
Tender ; affectionate by nature. 10, Unaffected ; unas- 
sumed ; according to truth and reality. 11. Illegitimate , 
born out of wedlock. 12. Native ; vernacular. 13. De- 
rived from the study of the works of nature. 14. A natu- 
ral note, in rmisic, 'is that which is according to the usual 
order of the scale. — Matural history is a description of tht 
earth and its productions, including zoology, botany, geol 
ogy, mineralogy, meteorology, &c. — J^''atural philosophy 
the science of material natural bodies, of their properties 
powers and motions. It comprehends mechanics, hydro 
statics, optics, astronomy, chemistry, magnetism, electri- 
city, galvanism, &c. 

* NAT'U-RAL, n. 1. An idiot ; one born without the usual 
powers of reason or understanding. 2. A native ; an 
original inhabitant; [obs.] 3. Gift of nature; natural 
quality; [obs.] 

NAT'U-RAL-IS=JM, 72. Mere state of nature. Lavington. 

NAT'U-RAL-IST, «. One that studies or that is versed in 
natural historv and philosophy or physics. 

fNAT-U-RAL'i-TY, ?;. Naturalness. Smith. 

NAT-U-RAL-I-Za'TION, 72. The act of investing an alien 
with the rights and privileges of a native subject or citi- 
zen. 

NAT'U-RAL-IZE, v. t. 1. To confer on an alien the rights 
and privileges of a native subject or citizen. 2. To make 
natural ; to render easy and familiar by custom and habit. 
3. To adapt ; to make suitable ; to acclimate. 4. To re- 
ceive or adopt as native, natural or vernacular ; to make 
our own. 5. To accustom ; to habituate. 

NAT'U-RAL-lZED, pp. Invested with the privileges of 
natives; rendered easy and familiar; adapted to a cli- 
mate ; acclimated ; received as native. 

NAT'U-RAL-lZ-ING, ppr. Vesting with the rights of na- 
tive subjects ; making easy ; acclimating; adopting. 

NAT'U-RAL-LY, adv. 1. According to nature ; by the force 
or impulse of nature ; not by art or habit. 2. According 
to nature ; without affectation ; with just representation ; 
according to life. 3. According to the usual course of 
things. 4. Spontaneously ; without art or cultivation. 

NAT'U-RAI^NESS, 72. The state of being given or produc- 
ed by nature. 2. Conformity to natm-e, or to tmth and 
reality ; not affectation. 

NAT'U-RALS, 72. plu. Among physicians, whatever be- 
longs naturally to an animal ; opposed to non-naturals. 

* Na'TURE, 72. [Fr. ; L., Sp., It. Tiatwra.] 1. In a generql 
sense, whatever is made or produced ; a word that com- 



* See Synopsis. M5VE, BQQK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J : S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in tAis. t Obsolete 



NAV 



552 



NEB 



prebends all the works of God; the universe. 2. By a 
metonymy of the effect for the cause, nature is used for 
the agent, creator, author, producer of things, or for the 
powers that produce them. 3. The essence, essential qual- 
ities or attributes of a thing, which constitute it what it is. 
4. The established or regular course of things. 5. A law 
or principle of action or motion in a natural body. 6. 
Constitution ; aggregate powers of a body, especially a 
living one. 7. The constitution and appearances of 
things. 8. Natural affection or reverence. 9. System of 
created things. 10. Sort ; species ; kind ; particular char- 
acter. 11. Sentiments or images conformed to nature, or 
totruth and reality. 12. Birth. 

\ Na'TURE, v. t. To endow with natural qualities. 

* Na'TUR-IST, n. One who ascribes every thing to nature. 
Boyle. 

t NA-Tu'RI-TY, n. The quality or state of being produced 
by nature. Brown. 

fNAUTRAfiE, m. [Tu. navfragium.] Shipwreck. 

NAU FRA-GOUS, a. Causing shipwreck. [L. u.] Taylor. 

NAUGHT, (nawt) n. [Sax. naht, nauht.] Nothing.— 2"o 
set at naughty to slight,' disregard or despise. 

NAUGHT, (nawt) adv. In no degree. Fairfax. 

NAUGHT, (nawt) a. Bad ; worthless; of no value or account. 

NAUGHT'I-LY, (nawt'e-ly) adv. Wickedly; corruptly. 

NAUGHT'I-NESS, (nawt'e-nes) n. 1. Badness; wicked- 
ness ; evil principle or purpose. 2. Slight wickedness of 
children ; perverseness ; mischievousness. Dryden. 

NAUGHT'Y, (nawt'y) a. 1. Wicked; corrupt. 2. Bad; worth- 
less. 3. Mischievous ; perverse ; froward. It is now sel- 
dom used except in the latter sense, as applied to children. 

NAUL'AGE, w. \li. naulwn.l The freight of passengers in 
a ship. [Little used.'] 

NAU'MA-€HY, n. [L. naumachia.] 1. Among the ancient 
Romans, a show or spectacle representing a sea-fight. 2. 
The place where these shows were exhibited. 

NAUS'CO-PY, 71. [Gr. vav sand aKoneo).] The art of dis- 
covering the approach of ships or the neighborhood of 
lands at a considerable distance. Maty. 

NAU'SE-A, (naw'she-a) n. [L.] Oria-inally and properly, 
sea-sickness ; hence, any similar sickness of the stomach, 
accompanied with a propensity to vomit ; qualm ; loath- 
ing ; squeamishness of the stomach. 

NAU'SEATE, (naw'shate) v. i. [L. nausea.'] To become 
squeamish ; to feel disgust ; to be inclined to reject from 
the stomach. 

NAU'SEATE, v. t. I. To loathe; to reject with disgust. 
2. To affect with disgust. 

NAU-SE-a'TION, (naw-she-a'shun) n. The act of nauseat- 
ing. Bp. Hall. 

NAU'SEOUS, (naw'shus) a. Loathsome ; disgustful ; dis- 
gusting ; regarded with abhorrence. 

NAU'SEOUS- LY, adv. Loathsomely ; disgustfuUy. 

NAU'SEOUS-NESSj n. Loathsomeness; quality of exciting 
disgust. Dryden. 

NAU'Tie, \ a. [L. nauticus.] Pertaining to seamen or 

NAU'TI-CAL, \ navigation. 

NAU'TI-LITE, n. [L. nautilus.] A fossil nautilus. 

NAU'TI-LUS, n. [L.J A genus of marine animals. The 
nautilus, when it sails, extends two of its arms, and be- 
tween these supports a membrane that serves as a sail. 

Na'VAL, a. \Ij,. navalis .] 1. Consisting of ships. 2. Per- 
taining to ships. 

t Na'VALS, n. Naval affairs. Clarendon. 

Na'VARCH, n. [Gr. vava^'xps.] In ancient Ch-eece, the 
commander of a fleet. Mitford. 

NAV'AR-€HY, n. [from L. navarchus.] Knowledge of 
managing ships. Petty. 

NAVE, w. [Sa.x.nafa,nafu.] 1. The thick piece of timber 
in the centre of a wheel, in which the spokes are insert- 
ed. 2. The middle or body of a church extending from 
the baluster or rail of the door to the chief choir. 

Na'VEL, (na'vl) n. [Sax. nafela ; D. navel.] The centre of 
the lower part of the abdomen, or the point where the um^ 
bilical cord passes out of the fetus. 

Na VEL-GALL, n. A bruise on the top of the chine of the 
back of a horse, behind the saddle. Johnson. 

Na'VEL-STRING, n. The umbilical cord. 

Na'VEL-WoRT, 7i. A plant of the genus cotyledon. 

NAV'EW, 7?,. [L.napus; Sax. ncepe.] A plant. 

NA-VIC'U-LAR, a. [L. navicula.] 1. Relating to small 
ships or boats. 2. Shaped like a boat ; cymbiform. 

NAVI-GA-BLE, a. [L. navigabilis.] That may be navigat- 
ed or passed in ships or vessels. 

NAV'I-GA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being 
navigable. 

NAV'I-GATE, V. i. [L. navigo.] To pass on water in 
ships; to sail. Arhuthnot. 

NAV'I-GATE, V. t. To pass over in ships ; to sail on. 2. 
To steer, direct or manage in sailing. 

NAV'I-GA-TED, pp. Steered or managed in passing on the 
water ; passed over in sailing. 

NAV'I-GA-TING, ppr. Passing on or over in sailing ; steer- 
ing and managing in sailing. 



NAV-I-Ga'TION, n. [L, navigatio.] 1. The act of navJ- 
gating ; the act of passing on water in ships or other ves- 
sels. 2. The art of conducting ships or vessels from one 
place to another. 3. Ships in general. 

NAV'I-GA-TOR, n. One that navigates or sails ; chiefly, 
one who directs the course of a ship, or one who is skill- 
ful in the art of navigation. 

Na'VY, n. [L. navis.] 1. A fleet of ships ; an assemblage 
of merchantmen, or so many as sail in company. 2. The 
whole of the ships of war belonging to a nation or king. 

t NAWL, n. An awl. ^ 

NaY, ado. [a contracted word; L. nego ; Sw. ney, or ncj, 
from neka, to deny.] 1. No; a word that expresses ne- 
gation. 2. It expresses also refusal. 3. Not only so; 
not this alone ; intimating that something is to be added 
by way of amplification. 

NaY, n. Denial; refusal. 

t NaY, v. t. To refuse. 

JNaY'WARD, n. Tendency to denial. Shak. 

t NaY'WoRD, n. A by-word ; a proverbial reproach ; a 
watch-\vord. 

NAZ-A-ReNE', n. An inhabitant of Nazareth; one of the 
early converts to Christianity ; in contempt. 

NAZ'A-RITE, n. A Jew who professed extraordinary puri- 
ty of life and devotion. Encyc. 

NAZ'A-RIT-ISM, n. The doctrines or practice of the Naz- 
arites. Burdcr. 

t NE, [Sax.] not, is obsolete. We find it in early English 
writers, prefvxed to other words ; as, nill, for ne will, will 
not ; nas, for ne has, has not. Spenser. 

fNEAF, 71. [Ice. Tie^ ,• Scot. 7ite7;e.] The fist. Shak. 

NeAL, v. t. [Sax. anmlan.] To temper and reduce to a 
due consistence by heat. [Rarely used.] See Anneal. 

NeAL, v. i. To be tempered by heat. [Little used.] Set 
Anneal. 

NeAP, 71. The tongue or pole of a cart, sled or wagon. N. 
England. 

NeAP, a. [Sax. hnipan.] The Tieap tides are those which 
happen in the middle of the second and fourth quarters of 
tire moon. They are low tides, and opposed to spring tides. 

NeAP, 71. Low water. [Little used.] 

Neaped, or BE-NeAFEO, (be-neepf) a. Left aground 
A ship is said to be neaped, when left aground. 

NE-A-POL'I-TAN, a. Belonging to Naples, in Italy. 

NE-A-POL'I-TAN, n. An inhabitant or native of the king- 
dom of Naples. 

NeAP'-TIDE, 71. Low tide. See Neap. 

Near, a. [Sax. ner, or neara.] 1. Nigh ; not far distant 
in place, time or degree. 2. Closely related by blood ; as, 
she is thy father's near kinswoman. Lev. xviii. 3. Not 
distant in affection, support or assistance ; present ; ready j 
willing to aid. 4. Intimate ; united in close ties of affec- 
tion or confidence. 5. Dear; affecting one's interest or 
feelings. 6. Close ; parsimonious. 7. Close ; not loose, 
free or rambling. 8. Next to one ; opposed to off. 

NkAR, adv. Almost ; within a litt.e. Addison. 

Near, v.t. To approach; to come nearer; as, the ship 
neared the land ; a seaman''s phrase. 

Near, v. i. To draw near ; a naval expression. 

NeAR'EST, a. [superl . of near .] Shortest; most direct. 

NeAR'HAND, adv. Closely. Bacon. 

NeAR'LY, adv. 1. At no great distance ; not remotely, 

2. Closely. 3. Intimately ; pressingly ; with a close re- 
lation to one's interest or happiness. 4. Almost; within 
a little. 5. In a parsimonious or niggardly manner. 

NeAR'NESS, n. 1. Closeness ; small distance. 2. Close 
alliance by blood ; propinquity. 3. Close union by af- 
fection ; intimacy of friendship. 4. Parsimony ; close- 
ness in expenses, 

NeAR-SiGHT'ED, a. Short-sighted ; applied to one who 
distinguishes objects only ichich arc near. 

NeAT, 71. [Sax. 7ieat, neten,nite7}, nyten.] 1. Cattle of the 
bovine genus, as bulls, oxen and cows. 2. A single cow. 

NeAT, a. [It. netto ; Sp. neto ; Fr. net.] 1. Very clean ; 
free from foul or extraneous matter. 2. Pure ; free from 
iqipure words and phrases. 3. Cleanly ; preserving neat- 
ness. 4. Pure ; unadulterated ; [ohs.] 5. Free from 
tawdry appendages and well adjusted. 6. Clear of the 
cask, case, bag, box, &;c. ; as, neat weight. It is usually 
written 7iet, or nett. 

NeAT'HERD, n. [Sax. neathyrd.] A person who has the 
care of cattle ; a cow-keeper. Dryden. 

NeAT'LY, adv. 1. With neatness ; in a neat manner ; in 
a cleanly manner. 2. With good taste ; without tawdry 
ornaments. 3. Nicely ; handsomely. 

NeAT'NESS, 71. 1. Exact cleanliness ; entire freedom from 
foul matter. 2. Purity ; freedom from ill-chosen words. 

3. Freedom from useless or tawdry ornaments ; with good 
adjustment of the several parts. 

NeAT'RESS, 71. A female who takes care of cattle. 
NEB, 71. [Sax. neb, or nebbe.] The nose ; the beak of a fowl ; 

the bill ; the mouth. 
NEB'U-LA, ) 71. [L. nebula.] 1. A dark spot, a film in the 
NEB'ULE, \ eye, or a slight opacity of the cornea.— 2. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tj, "9:, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT •,— PKfiY -PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



NEC 



553 



NEG 



In astronomy, a cluster of fixed stars, not distinguishable 
from each other, or scarcely visible to the naked eye. 

JNTEB-U-LOS'I-TY, n. The state of being cloudy or hazy. 

JVEB'U-LOUS, a. [L. nebulosas.] 1. Cloudy ; hazy. 2. 
Resembling a small cloud or collection of vapors. 

NE-CES-Sa'RI-AN, 71. An advocate for the doctrine of phi- 
losophical necessity ; more properly necessitarian. 

NEC'ES-SA-RIES, n. plu. Things necessary. 

NEC'ES-SA-RI-LY, adv. 1. By necessity ; in such a man- 
ner that it cannot be otherwise. 2. Indispensably. 3. 
By unavoidable consequence. 

NEC'ES-SA-RI-NESS, n. The state of being necessary. 

NTEC'ES-SA-RY. a. [L. necessarius.] 1. That must be ; 
that cannot be otherwise ; indispensably requisite. 2. In- 
dispensable ; requisite ; essential ; that cannot be other- 
wise without preventing the purpose intended. 3. Un- 
avoidable. 4. Acting from necessity or compulsion ; op- 
posed to free. 

NEC'ES-SA-RY, n. A privy. 

NE-CES-SI-Ta'RI-AN, or NEC-ES-Sa'RI-AN, n. One who 
maintains the doctrine of philosophical necessity. 

N£-CES'SI-TATE, v. t. [L. necessitas.] To make neces- 
sary or indispensable ; to render unavoidable ; to compel. 

VE-CES'SI-TA-TED, pp. Made necessary, indispensable 
or unavoidable. 

VE-CES'SI-TA-TING,2'i'»-. Making necessary or indispens- 
able. 

NE-CES-SI-Ta'TION, n. The act of making necessary ; 
compulsion. [Little used.] Bramhall. i. 

] NE-CES'Sl-TIED, a. In a state of want. Skak. 

NE-CES'SI-TOUS, a. 1. Very needy or indigent; pressed 
with poverty. 2. Narrow ; destitute ; pinching. 

NE-CES'SI-TOUS-NESS, n. Extreme poverty or destitu- 
tion of the means of living ; pressing want. 

t NE-CES'SI-TL' DE, n. Necessitousness ; want. 

NE-CES'SI-TY, 71. [L. necessitas.] 1. That which must be 
and cannot be otherwise ; or the cause of that which can- 
not be otherwise. 2. Irresistible power; compulsive 
force, phj'sical or moral. 3. Indispensableness ; the state 
of being requisite. 4. Extreme indigence ; pinching pov- 
erty ; pressing need. 5. Unavoidableness ; inevitableness. 
— 6. In the plural, things requisite for a purpose. 

NECK, n. [Sax. /mece, hnecca, necca; D. nek; Sw.7iac/ce.] 
1. The part of an animal's body which is between the 
head and the trunk, and connects them. 2. A long, nar- 
row tract of land projecting from the main body, or a 
narrow tract connecting two larger tracts. 3. The long, 
slender part of a vessel, as a retort ; or of a plant, as a 
gourd. — 9. stiff neck, in Scrivture, denotes obstinacy in sin. 
— On the neck, immediately after ; following closely. — To 
break the neck of an affair, to hinder, or to do the principal 
thing to prevent. — To harden the neck, to grow obstinate. 

NECK'BEEF, n. The coarse flesh of the neck of cattle, 
sold at a low price. Swift. 

NECK'CLOTH,7(. A piece of cloth worn on the neck. 

NECKED, a. Having a neck ; as in stiffheckcd. 

NECK'ER-CHiEF, or NECK'A-TEE, n. A gorget ; a ker- 
chief for a woman's neck. [Little used.] 

NECK'LACE, n. A string of beads or precious stones, worn 
by women on the neck. Arhuthnot. 

NECK'LaCED, a. Marked as with a necklace. 

NECK'LAND, n. A neck or lonj tract of land. 

NECK'VERSE, 71. The verse formerly read to entitle a 
party to the benefit of clergy, said to be the first verse of 
the fifty-first Psalm, " Miserere mei," &cc. Tindall. 

NECK' WEED, n. Hemp, in ridicule. 

NEC-RO-LOG'X-CAL, a. Pertaining to or giving an account 
of the dead or of deaths. 

NEC-ROL'0-GIST, n. One who gives an account of deaths. 

NEe-ROL'0-6Y, 71. [Gi: vsKpo; and \oyog.] An account of 
the dead or of deaths ; a register of deaths. 

NEC'RO-MAN-CER, n. One who pretends to foretell fu- 
ture events by holding converse with departed spirits ; a 
conjurer. 

NE€'RO-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. vsKpos and navraa.] 1. The art 
of revealing future events by means of a pretended com- 
munication with the dead. 2. Enchantment ; conjuration. 

NE€-RO-MAN'TIC, a. Pertaining to necromancy ; per- 
formed by necromancy. 

NEC-RO-MAN'TIC, n. Trick ; conjuration. Youuff. 

NE€-RO-MAN'TI-€AL-LY, adv. By necromancy or the 
black art ; by conjuration. Gregory. 

NEC'RO-NlTE, n. [Gr. vekoos.] Fetid feldspar. 

NE-€Ro'SIS, n. [Gr. v£Kp(o(7is.] A disease of the bones. 

NECTAR, n. [L.] 1. In fabulous historij and poetry, the 
drink of the gods. 2. Any very sweet and pleasant drink. 

NEC-Ta'RE-AN, NEC-Ta'RK-AL, or NE€-Ta'RE-OUS, 
a. Resembling nectar ; very sweet and pleasant. Pope. 

NEC'TARED, a. Imbued with nectar ; mingled with nec- 
tar ; abounding with nectar. 

NEC-Ta'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to the nectary of a plant. 

NEC-TA-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [nectar, and lu.fero.] Producing 
nectar or nomus. Lee. 



NE€'TA-RfNE, a. Sweet as nectar. Milton 
NEC'TA-RiNE, n. A fruit, a variety of the peach with a 

smooth rind. 

NEC'TA-RlZE, v. t. To sweeten. Cockerarr, 

NEC'TA-ROUS, a. Sweet as nectar. Milton. 

NEC'TA-RY, 71. In botany, the melliferous part of a vegeta 
ble, peculiar to the flower. 

t NED'DER, n. [W. nadyr j Sax. nedder.] An adder. 

NEED, n. [Sax. nead, neod, nyd ; D. nood.] 1. Want ; oc- 
casion for something ; necessity ; a state that requires 
supply or relief; pressing exigency. 2. Want of the 
means of subsistence ; poverty; indigence. 

NEED, V. t. [Sax. geneadan, genedan.] To want ; to lack ■, 
to require, as supply or relief. 

I NEED, V. i. To be wanted ; to be necessary. 

NEED'ED, pp. Wanted. 

NEEiyER, n. One that wants. 

NEED'FUL, a. Necessary, as supply or relief; requisite. 

NEED'FUL-LY, adw. Necessarily. B. Jonson. 

NEED'I-iJY, adv. In want or poverty. 

NEED'I-NESS, n. Want ; poverty ; indigence. 

NEED'ING, ppr. Wanting ; requiring, as supply or relief. 

NEE'DLE, 71. [S,ax.nedl,n(Bdl;G.nadel.] 1. A small in- 
strument of steel, pointed at one end, with an eye at the 
other to receive a thread ; used in sewing. 2. A small 
pointed piece of steel used in the mariner's compass, 
which by its magnetic quality is attracted and directed to 
the pole. 3. Any crystalized substance in the form of a 
needle.— Dipping needle, a magnetic needle that dips or 
inclines downwards. 

NEE'DLE, V. t. To form crystals in the shape of a needle. 

NEE'DLE, V. i. To shoot in crystalization into the form of 
needles. Fourcroy. 

NEE'DLE-FISH, n. A fish of the genus syngnathus. Also, 
the sea-urchin. 

NEE'DLE-FTJL, n. As much thread as is put at once in a 
needle. 

NEE'DLE-Ma-KER, ) n. One who manufactures nee- 

NEE'DLER, \ dies. 

NEE'DLE-ORE, n Acicular bismuth glance. 

NEE'DLE-SHELL, n. The sea-urchin. 

NEE'DLE-STONE, n. A mineral. 

NEE'DLE-WoRK, n. Work executed with a needle , or 
the business of a seamstress. 

NEE'DLE-Zk'0-LlTE, n. A species of zeolite. 

NEED'LESS, a. 1. Not wanted ; unnecessary ; not requi- 
site. 2. Not wanting ; [obs.] Shak. 

NEED'LESS-LY, adv. Without necessity. 

NEEE'LESS-NESS, n. Unnecessariness. Locke. 

t NEED'MENT, n. Something needed or wanted. 

NEEDS, adv. [Sax. nedes.] Necessarily ; indispensably ; 
generally used with must. 

NEED'Y, a. Necessitous; indigent; very poor; distressed 
by want of the means of living. Addison. 

*NE'ER. (nare) A contraction of 7ie7?er. 

t NEESE, (neez) v. i. [G. neesen.] To sneese. 

NEESE'WORT, 71. A plant. Sherwood. 

fNEES'ING, 71. A sneezing. 

jNEF, 71. The nave of a church. See Nave. 

NE-FAND'OUS, a. [l^.nefandus.] Not to be named ; abom- 
inable. Sheldon. 

NE-Fa'RI-OUS, a. [Ij.nefarius.] Wickei in the extreme; 
abominable ; atrociously sinful or villanous ; detestably 
v)le._ 

NE-Fa'RI-OUS-LY, adv. With extreme wickedness ; abom 
inab2y. Milton. 

NE-Ga'TION, 71. [L. negatio.] 1. Denial; a declaration 
that something is not. — 2. In logic, description by denial, 
exclusion or exception. 3. Argument drawn from denial. 

NEG'A-TiVE, a. [Fr.negatif; L.. negativus.] 1. Implying 
denial or negation ; opposed to affirmative. 2. Implying 
absence ; opposed to positive. 3. Having the power of 
stojiping or restraining. 

NEG'A-TiVE, 71. I. A proposition by which something is 
denied. 2. A word that denies ; as not, no. — 3. In legis- 
lation, the right or power of preventing the enaction of a 
law or decree. 

NEG'A-TiVE, v. t. 1. To disprove ; to prove the contrary 

2. To reject by vote ; to refuse to enact or sanction. 3 
To resist a choice or what is proposed. 

NEG'A-TiVE-LY, adv. I. With or by denial. 2. In the 
form of speech implying the absence of something. 3. 
Negatively charged or electrified. 

NEG'A-TO-RY, a. That denies; belonging to negation. 
[Little used.] 

Nk'GER, 7!. [L.niger.] A black person ; one of the African 
race. See Negro. 

NEG-LECT', «. i. [l^. neglectus.] 1 . To omit by careless- 
ness or design ; to forbear to do, use, employ, promote or 
attend to. 2. To omit to receive or embrace ; to slight. 

3. To slight ; not to notice ; to forbear to treat with atten- 
tion or respect. 4. To postpone ; [obs.] 

NEG-LECT', 71. 1. Omission ; forbearance to do any thing 
that can be done or that requires to be done. 2. Slight } 



See ^nopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CIT as SH ; TH as in this. 



t Obsolete 



NEl 



554 



NES 



omission of attention or civilities. 3. Negligence ; habit- 
ual want of regard. 4. State of being disregarded. 

NEG-LE€T'ED, pp. Omitted to be done ; slighted ; disre- 
garded. 

NEG-LECT'ER, n. One that neglects. 

NEG-LE€T'FIJL, a. 1. Heedless ; careless ; inattentive. 
9. Accustomed or apt to omit what may or ought to be 
done. 3. Treating with neglect or slight. 4. Indicating 
neglect, slight or indifference. 

NEG-LEOT'FUL-LY, adv. With neglect ; with heedless 
inattention ; with careless indifference. 

KEG-LEOT'TNG, ppr. Omitting ; passing by ; forbearing to 
do ; slighting ; treating with indifference. 

NEG-LECT'ING-LY, adv. Carelessly ; heedlessly. SJiak. 

* NEG-LEO'TION, 7t. The state of being negligent. 

NEG-LECT'IVEj a. Inattentive; regardless .of. [L. u.] 

NEG-LI-GEE', ?i. A kind of gown formerly worn. 

NEG'LI-GENCE, n. [L. negligentia.] 1 . Neglect ; omission 
to do. 2. Habitual omission of that which ought to be 
done, or a habit of omittuig to do things. 

NEG'LI-GENT, a. 1. Careless; heedless; apt or accus- 
tomed to omit what ought to be done. 2. Regardless. 

NEG'Ll-GENT-LY, adv. 1. Carelessly ; heedlessly ; with- 
out exactness. 2. With slight, disregard or inattention. 

NE-GO-TIA BIL I-TY, n. The quality of being negotiable 
or transferable by indorsement. Sewall. 

NS-Go'TIA-BLE, a. That may be transferred by assignment 
(i£- indorsement ; that may be passed from the owner to 
another person so as to vest the property in the assignee. 

f NE-Go'TlANT, n. One who negotiates ; a negotiator. 

NE-GO'TIATE, v. i. [L. negotior ; Fr. negocier.] 1. To 
transact business ; to treat with another respecting pur- 
chase and sale ; to hold intercourse in bargaining or trade. 

2. To hold intercourse with another respecting a treaty, 
league or convention ; to treat with respecting peace or 
commerce. 

NE-Go'TIATE, (ne-go'shate) ?j. t. ]. To procure by mutual 
intercourse and agreement with another. 2. To procure, 
make or establish by mutual intercourse and agreement 
with others. 3. To sell ; to pass ; to transfer for a valua- 
ble consideration. 

NE-Go'TIA-TED, pp. Procured or obtained by agreement 
with another ; sold or transferred for a valuable consider- 
ation. 

NE-Go'TIA-TIN J, ppr. Treating with ; transacting busi- 

NE-g6-TI-a'TI0N, n. 1. The act of negotiating ; the trans- 
acting of business in traffick ; the treating with another 
respecting sale or purchase. 2. The transaction of busi- 
ness between nations. 

*NE-Go'TIA-TOR, n. One that negotiates ; one that treats 
with others. Swif'^.. 

Ne'GRESS, n. A female of the black race of Africa. 

Ne'GRO, w. [It. , Sp. negro i 'L.nigcr.'] One of the black 
race of men in Africa ; or one descended from this race. 

Ne'GUS, n. A liquor made of v/ine, water, sugar, nutmeg 
and lemon juice; so called, from its first maker. Col. 
J^egus. 

tNEIP, 71. [Icel. ne^.] 1. The neaf or fist. 2. A slave. 

NEIGH, (na; v. i. [Sax. hnrngan.] To utter the voice of a 
horse, expressive of want or desire ; to whinny. 

NEIGH, (na) n. The voice of a horse ; a whinnying. 

NEIGH'BOR, ) /„-,u„rN S n. [Sax. 7iehbur, ne/igebur ; G. 

NEH'BOOR, \ ^"* ''"^^ I nachbar ; D. nabuur ; Sw. na- 
bo ; Dan. naboe.] ]. One who lives near another. 2. One 
who lives in familiarity with another ; a word of civility. 

3. An intimate ; a confident ; [obs.] 4. A fellow being. 
Jlcts vii. 5. One of the human race ; any one that needs 
our help. Luke x. 6. A country that is near. 

NEIGH'BOR, V. t. 1. To adjoin ; to confine On or be near 
to. 2. To acquaint with ; to make near to or make fa- 
miliar; [obs.] Shah. 

NEIGH'BOR, V i To inhabit the vicinity. Davies. 

NEIGH'BOR, a. Near to another ; adjoining ; next. Jcr. i. 

NE[GH'BOR-HOOD,7i. L A place near; vicinity; the ad 
joining district, or any place not distant. 2. State of being 
near each other. 3. The inhabitants who live in the vi- 
cinitv of each other. 

.N'EIGH'BOR-ING, fl. Living or being near. Paley. 

^ ETGH'30R-LI-NESS, n. State or quality of being neigh- 
borly. 

ME(GH'BOR-LY, a. 1. Becoming a neighbor ; kind; civil. 
9. Cultivating familiar intercourse ;" interchanging fre- 
quent visits ; social. 

NEIGH'BOR-LY, adv. With social civility. 

' NEIGH BOR-SHIP, n. State of being neighbors. 

NEiGH'ING, n. The voice of a horse or mare. Jcr. viii. 

NeI'THER, 71. compound pronoun, pronominal adjective, or a 
substitute. [Sax. nather, nathor, nauther, or noiithcr.] J. 
Not either ; not the one nor the other. 2. It refers to in- 
dividual things or persons ; as, which road shall I take ? 
J\reither. 3, It re'-^rs to a sentence ; as, " ye shall not eat 
of it, neither shall ye touch it." 4. JVeither primarily re- 



fers to tioo ; not either of two. But by usage it is applica- 
ble to any number, referring to individuals separately 
considered. 

NEM. con. for nemine contradicente. [L.] No one contra- 
dicting or opposing, that is, unanimously ; without oppo- 
sition. 

NEM'O-LiTE, n. [Gr. vejxog and Xtflos.] An arborized stone. 

NEM'O-RAL, a. [L. nemoralis.] Pertaining to a wood or 
grove. Diet. 

NEM'O-ROUS, a. [L. nemorosus,] Woody. Evelyn. 

t NEMP'NE, V. t. [Sax. nemnan.] To call. Chaucer. 

t Ne'NI-A, n. [Gr.J A funeral song ; an elegy. 

NEN U-PHAR, ru The water-lily or water-rose. 

NE-OD A-MODE, n. [Gr. veoSaii(>}6T]s.] In ancient Greece, 
a person newly admitted to citizenship. Mitford. 

NE-0-L06'I€, I a. Pertaining to neology ; employing 

NE-0-LOG'I-CAL, \ new words. 

NE-OL'O-GISM, 71. 1. The introduction of new words or 
new doctrines. 2. New terms or doctrines. 

NE-OL'0-6lST, n. One who introduces new words or new 
doctrines, or one who supports or adheres to them. Med. 
Repos. 

NE-OL'0-6Y, n. [Gr. vto£ and \oyoi.'\ The introduction of 
a new word, or of new words, or of new doctrines ; or a 
new system of words or doctrines. 

NE-0-No'MI-AN, n. [Gr. vtoi and vo/zof.] One who advo- 
cates new laws, or desires God's law to be altered. 

Ne'0-PHyTE, n. [Gr. veoi and ^uroj/.] 1. A new convert 
or proselyte. 2. A novice ; one newly admitted to the 
order of priest. 3. A tyro ; a beginner in learning. 

NE-0-TER'ie, or NE-0-TER'I-€AL, a. [Gr. rswrepi^cos.] 
New ; recent in origin ; modern. 

NE-0-TER'ie, n. One of modern times. Burton. 

NEP, n. A plant of the genus nepeta ; catmint. 

NE-PEN'THE, n. [Gr. vrjKEvdrjs.] A drug or medicine that 
drives away pain and grief. [Little used.^ Milton. 

NEPH'E-LIN, I n. [Gr. vt(f>tXr}.'\ A mineral found mixed 

NEPH'E-LINE, \ with other substances. 

NEPH'EW, 71. [Fr. neveu ; L. nepos.] 1. The son of a 
brother or sister. 2. A grandson ; also, a descendant ; 
[little used.] 

NEPH'RITE, n. [Gr. v£(ppiTris.] A mineral. 

NE-PHRIT'I€, ) a. [Gr. ve^ptTtKog.] 1. Pertaining to 

NE-PHRIT'I-€AL, I the kidneys or organs of urine. 2. 
Affected with the stone or gravel. 3. Relieving or curing 
the stone or gravel, or disorders of the kidneys in general. 

NE-PHRIT'IC, 71. A medicine adapted to relieve or cure 
the diseases of the kidneys, particularly the gravel or stone 
in the bladder. 

NEPH-Rl'-TIS, 71. In medicine, an inflammation of the kid' 
neys. 

NE-PHROT'O-MY, n. [Gr. vecppos and teiivw.] In surgery, 
the operation of extracting a stone from the kidney. 

*NEP'0-TISM, 71. [Fr. 7iepotisme.] 1. Fondness for neph- 
ews. 2. Undue attachment to relations ; favoritism shown 
to nephews and other relations. 

NEP-TtJ'NI-AN, a. [from Jv'eptunus.] 1. Pertaining to 
the ocean or sea; 2. Formed by water or aqueous solution. 

NEP-Tu'NI-AN, 1 71. One who adopts the theory that the 

NEP'TU-NIST, \ whole earth was once covered with 
water, or rather that the substances of the globe were 
formed from aqueous solution. 

Ne'RE-ID, n. [Gr. vnprjiSeg.] In mythology, a sea nymph. 

NERF'LING, v. A fresh-water fish of Germany. 

NER'ITE, n. A genus of univalvular shells. 

NER'I-TITE, n. A petrified shell of the genus 7ie?^ta. 

NERVE, (nerv) n. [L. nervus ; Fr. nerf.] 1. An organ of 
sensation and motion in animals. 2. A sinew or tendon. 
3. Strength ; firmness of body. 4. Fortitude ; firmness 
of mind; courage. 5. Strength; force; authority. 

NERVE, V. t. To give strength or vigor ; to arm with force. 

NERVED, pp. 1. Armed with strength. — 2. a. In botany, 
having vessels simple and unbranched, extending from 
the base towards the tip. 

NERVE'LESS, (nerv'les) a. Destitute of strength ; weak. 

NERVINE, a. [Low L. neroinus.'] That has the quality of 
relieving in disorders of the nerves. 

NERVINE, n. A medicine that affords relief from disorders 
of the nerves. 

NERVOUS, a. [L. nervosus.'] 1. Strong ; vigorous. 2. 
Pertaining to the nerves ; seated in or affecting the 
nerves. 3. Having the nerves affected ; hypochondriac ; 
a cnllnquial use of the word. 4. Possessing or manifesting 
vigor of mind ; characterized by strength in sentiment or 
style. 

NERVOUS, or NERVOSE, a. Inbotany. Sec Nerved, No.2. 

NERVOUS-LY, adv. With strength or vigor. Warton. 

NERV'OUS-NESS, n. 1. Strength ; force ; vigor. Warton. 
2. The state of being composed of nerves. Goldsmith. 

NERVY, a. Strong ; vigorous. Shak. 

NES'CIENCE, (nesh'ens) 71. [1,. nesciens.l Wantof knowl- 
edge ; ignorance. Bp. Hall. 



* ^ce Sijnopsis. 5, E, I, O, U, Y, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;- PIN, MARINE, BIRD : 



t Obsolete 



NEU 



555 



NEW 



tNESH, a. [Sax.nesc] Soft; tender; nice. Chaucer. 

NESS, a termination of names, signifies a promontory, from 
tlie root of nose, which see. 

NESS, a termination of appellatives, [Sax. nesse, nysse,] 
denotes state or quality, as in goodness, greatness, 

NEST, n. [Sax., G., D. nest.] 1. The place or bed formed 
or used by a bird for incubation or the mansion of her 
young until they are able to fly. 2. Any place where 
irrational animals are produced. 3. An abode; a place 
of residence; a receptacle of numbers, or the collection 
itself; usually in an ill sense. 4. A warm, close place of 
abode ; generally, in contempt. 5. A number of boxes, 
cases, or the like, inserted in each other. 

NEST, V. i. To build and occupy a nest. Howell. 

NEST'EGG, n. An egg left in the nest to prevent the hen 
from forsaking it. Hudibras. 

NES'TLE, (nes'l) v. i. 1. To settle ; to harbor ; to lie close 
and snug, as a bird in her nest, L'Estrange. 2. To 
move about in one's seat, like a bird when forming her 
nest. 

NES'TLE, (nes'l) v. t. 1. To house, as in a nest. Do-nne. 
2. To cherish, as a bird her young. Chapman. 

NEST'LING, n. 1. A young bird in the nest, or just taken 
from the nest. 2. A nest ; [ohs.'] 

NEST'LING, a. Newly hatched ; being yet in the nest. 

NES-To'RI-AN, n. A follower of Nestorius. 

NET, 71. [Sax. 7ic«, 7ii/i ,■ D., Dan. net.] 1. An instrument 
for catchmg fish and fowls, or wild beasts, formed with 
twine or thread interwoven with meshes. 2. A cunning 
device ; a snare. 3. Inextricable difficulty. Job xviii. 
4. Severe afflictions. .Job xix. 

NET, V. t. To make a net or net-work ; to knot. Seward. 

NET, a. [Fr. net; It. netto.} 1. Neat; pure; unadulter- 
ated; [I.U.] 2. Being without flaw or spot; [I. u.] 3. 
Being beyond all charges or outlay. 4. Being clear of all 
tare and tret, or all deductions ; as, net weight. It is 
sometimes written nett, but improperly. 

NET, V. t. To produce clear profit. 

NETH'ER, a. [Sax. neother ; G. nieder ; D,, Dan. neder.] 
1, Lower; lying or being beneath or in the lower part ; 
opposed to upper. 2. In a lower place. 3. Belonging to 
the regions below. 

NETH'ER-MoST, a. Lowest ; as, the nethermost hell. 

NET'TING, n. 1. A piece of net-work. 2. A complication 
of ropes fastened across each other. Mar. Diet. 

NET'TLE, (net'l) n. [Sax. netl, netele.] A plant whose 
prickles fret the skin and occasion very painful sensations. 

NET'TLE, V. t. To fret or sting ; to irritate or vex ; to ex- 
cite sensations of displeasure or uneasiness, not amount- 
ing to wrath or violent anger. 

NET'TLED, pp. Fretted ; irritated. 

NET'TLER, n. One that provokes, stings or irritates. 

NET'TLE-TREE, n. A tree of the genus celtis, whose 
leaves are deeply serrated, and end in a sharp point. 
Encyc. 

NET'TLING, p2?r. Irritating; vexing. 

NET' Work, n. A complication of threads, twine or cords 
united at certain distances, forming meshes, interstices or 
open spaces between the knots or intersections ; reticu- 
lated or decussated work. 

NEU-RO-LOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to neurology, or to a 
description of the nerves of animals. 

NEU-ROL'O-GIST, n. One*who describes the nerves of 
animals. 

NEU-ROL'0-GY, n. [Gr. vevpov and \oyos.] A description 
of the nerves of animal bodies, or the doctrine of the 
nerves. 

NEtJ'ROP-TER, ) 71. [Gr. vevpov and rrrepov.] An order 

NEU-ROP'TE-RA, ^ of insects. 

N EU-ROP'TE-RAL, a. Belonging to the order of neurop- 
ters. 

NEu'RO-SPAST, n. [Gr. vevpocrtac-EU).] A puppet. 

NEU-ROT'I€, a. [Gr. vevpov.] Useful in disorders of the 
nerves. 

NEU-ROT'I€, n. A medicine useful in disorders of, the 
nerves. Encyc. 

NEU-RO-TOMiI-€AL, a. Pertaining to the anatomy or dis- 
section of nerves. 

NEU-ROT'0-MIST, n. One who dissects the nerves. 

NEU-ROT'O-MY, n. [Gr. vevpov and rs/ivw.] 1. The dis- 
section of a nerve. 2. The art or practice of dissecting 
the nerves. 

NEu'TER, (nu'ter) a. [L.] 1. Not adhering to either par- 
ty ; taking no part with either side. It may be synony- 
mous with indifferent, or it may not. The United States 
remained 7ie7iier during the French revolution, -but very 
few of the people were indifferent as to the success of the 
parties engaged. A man may be neuter from feeling, and 
he is then indifferent ; but he may be neuter in fact, when 
he is not in feeling or principle.— 2. In grammar, of nei- 
ther gender ; an epithet given to nouns that are neither 
masculine nor feminine. 

NEtJ'TER, 71. 1. A person that takes no part in a contest 



between two or more individuals or nations. 2 Au ani- 
mal of neither sex, or incapa^ble of propagation — J^euter 
verb, in grammar, a verb which expresses an action or 
state limited to the subject, and which is not followsd by 
an object ; as, I go. 

NEu'TRAL, a. [Fr. neutre ; L. neutralis.] 1. Not engag- 
ed on either side ; not taking an active part with either of 
contending parties. 2. Indifferent ; having no bias in 
favor of either side or party. 3. Indifferent ; neither very 
good nor bad. 

NEu'TRAL, n. A person or nation that takes no part in a 
contest between others. R. G. Harper. 

NEtJ'TRAL-IST, n. A neutral. [Little used.] 

NEU-TRAL'I-TY, n. 1. The state of being unengaged in 
disputes or contests between others ; the state of taking 
no part on either side. 2. A state of indifference in feel- 
ing or principle. 3. Indifference in quality ; a state nei- 
ther very good nor evil ; [little used.] 4. A combination 
of neutral powers or states. 

NEU-TRAL-I-Za'TION, n. 1. The act of neutralizing. 2 
The act of reducing to a state of indifference or neutrality. 

NEu'TRAL-iZE, v. t. 1. To render neutral ; to reduce to 
a state of indifference between different parties or opin- 
ions.— 2. In chemistry, to destroy or render inert or im- 
perceptible the peculiar properties of a body by combining 
it with a different substance. 3. To destroy the peculiar 
properties or opposite dispositions of parties or other 
things, or reduce them to a state of indifference or inac- 
tivity. 

NEu'TRAL-iZED, pp. Reduced to neutrality or indiffer- 
ence. 

NEu'TRAL-TZ-ER, n. That which neutralizes. 

NEtJ'TRAL-lZ-ING, ppr. Destroying or rendering inert 
the peculiar properties of a substance ; reducing to indif- 
ference or inactivity. 

NEu'TRAL-LY, adv. Without taking part with either side; 
indifferently. 

NEVER, adv. [Sax. nmfre.] 1. Not ever ; not at any 
time ; at no time. 2. It has a particular use in the follow- 
ing sentence. " Whitih w.ill not hearken to the voice of 
charmers, charming never so widely." Ps. Iviii. 3. In no 
degree ; not. 4. It is used for not. 5. It is much used in 
composition ; as in never-ending, never-faWing,. 

NEV-ER-THE-LESS', adv. [never, the and less.] Not the 
less ; notwithstanding ; that is, in opposition to any thing, 
or without regarding it. 

NEW, a. [Sax. neow ; D. nicuto : G. neu.] 1. Lately made, 
invented, produced or come into being ; that has existed 
a short time only; recent in origin; novel; opposed to 
old. 2. Lately introduced to our knowledge ; not before 
known ; recently discovered. 3. Modern ; not ancient. 
4. Recently produced by change. 5. Not habituated ; 
not familiar ; unaccustomed. 6. Renovated ; repaired so 
as to recover the first state. 7. Fresh after any event. 8. 
Not of ancient extinction or a family of ancient distinc- 
tion. 9. Not before used ; strange ; unknown. 10. Re- 
cently commenced ; as, the new year. 11. Having passed 
the change or conjunction with the sun. 12. Not cleared 
and cultivated, or lately cleared ; as, new land. Am.erica. 
13. That has lately appeared for the first time.— JVew is 
much used in composition to qualify other words ; as in 
7iew-born, 7tew-made. 

fNEW, V. t. To make new. Oower. 

NEWiEL, n. 1. In architecture, the upright post about 
which are formed winding stairs, or a cylinder of stone 
formed by the end of the steps of the winding stairs. 2. 
Novelty ;" [obs.] Spenser. 

t NEW-FAN'GLE, v. t. To change by introducing novel- 
ties. Milton. 

\ NEW-FAN'GLE, or NEW-FAN'GLIST, n. One desirous 
of novelty. Tooker. 

NEW-F AN'GLED, a. [new and fangle.] New-made ; form- 
ed with the affectation of novelty ; in contempt. 

NEW-F AN'GLED-NESS, \ n. Vain or affected fashion or 

NEW-FAN'GLE-NESS, \ form. Sidney. 

NEW-FASH'IONED, a. Made in a new form, or late'y 
come into fashion. 

NEW'ING, n. Yeast or barm. Ainsworth. 

NEWISH, a. Somewhat new ; nearly new. Bacon. 

NEWLY, adv. 1. Lately; freshly; recently. 2. With a 
new form, different from the former. 3. In a manner not 
existing before. 

NEW-MOD'EL, v. t. To give a new form to. 

NEW-MOD'ELED, a. Formed after a new model. 

NEW-MOD'EL-ING, ppr. Giving a new form to. 

NEWNESS, n. 1. Lateness of origin ; recentness ; state 
of being lately invented or produced. 2. Novelty ; the 
state of being first known or introduced. 3. Innovation ; 
recent change. 4. Want of practice or familiarity. 5. 
Different state or qualities introduced by change or regen- 
eration. 

NEWS, n. [from new ; Fr. nouvelles. This word .las a plu- 
ral form, but is almost always united with a verb in the 
singular. ] 1 . Recent account ; fresh information of some- 



* See Synopsis. MOVE BOOK, D6VE ;— BTILL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S? as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



m 



NIC 



556 



NIG 



thing that has lately taken place at a distance, or of some- 
thing before unknown ; tidings. 2. A newspaper. 

NEWS'-MoN-GER, n. One that deals in news ; one who 
employs much time in hearing and telling news. 

NEWS-'Pa-PER, 71. A sheet of paper printed and distrib- 
uted for conveying news ; a public print that circulates 
news. 

NEWT, 21. A small lizard ; an eft. JEncye. 

NEW-TO''NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Sir Isaac Newton, or 
formed or discovered by him. 

NEW-To'NI-AN, n. A follower of Newton in philoso- 
phy. 

NEVV-YeAR'S gift, n. A present made on the first day 
of the year. 

NEX'I-BLE, a [L. nexibilis.] That may be knit together. 

NEXT, a superl. of nigh. [Sax. next, or nexsta, from neh, 
neah, nigh.] 1. Nearest in place ; that has no object in- 
tervening between it and some other ; immediately pre- 
ceding, or preceding in orden 2. Nearest in time. 3. 
Nearest in degree, quality, rank, right or relation. 

NEXT, ado. At the fime or turn nearest or immediately 
succeeding. 

Nl'AS, for an eyas, a young hawk. B. Jonson. 

NIB, n. [Sax. neb, nebb.] 1. The bill or beak of a fowl. 
2. The Doint of any thing, particularly of a pen. See 
Nkb. 

NIBBED, a. Having a nib or point. 

NIB'BLE, v.t. 1. To bite by little at a time ; to eat slowly 
Of in small bits. 2. To bite, as a fish does She bait ; to 
c-arp at ; just to catch by biting. 

NIB'BLE, v.i. 1. To bite at ; as, fishes nibble at the bait. 
2. To carp at ; to find fault ; to censure little faults. 

NIB'BLE, n. A little bite, or seizing to bite. 

NIB'BLER, n. One that bites a little at a time ; a carper. 

NIB'BLING,;7;)r. Biting in small bits; carping. 

NICE, a. [Sax. nesc, or hnesc] 1. Properly, soft ; whence, 
delicate ; tender ; dainty ; sweet or very pleasant to the 
taste. 2. Delicate ; fine. 3. Accurate 5 exact ; precise. 
4, Requiring scrupulous exactness. 5. Perceiving the 
smallest diflference ; distinguishing accurately and minute- 
ly by perception. 6. Perceiving accurately the smallest 
faults, errors or irregularities ; distinguishing and judging 
with exactness. 7. Over scrupulous or exact, o. Deli- 
cate ; scrupulously and minutely cautious. 9. Fastidious ; 
squeamish. 10 Delicate; easily injured. 11. Refined. 
12. Having lucsy hits; [obs.] 13. Weak; foolish; ef- 
feminate; [ofo.] 14. Trivial; unimportant. — To make 
nice, to be scrupulous. Shak. 

NiCE'LY, adv. 1. With delicate perception. 2. Accurate- 
ly ; exactly ; with exact order or proportion. — 3, In collo- 
quial language, well ; cleverly • dextrously ; handsomely ; 
m the best manner. 

Nl'CENE, a. Pertaining to Nice, a town of Asia Minor. 

NiCE'NESS, n. 1. Delicacy of perception ; the quality of 
perceiving small differences. 2. Extreme delicacy ; ex- 
cess of scrupulousness or exactness. 3. Accuracy ; mi- 
nute exactness. 

NT'CE-TY, w. 1. Niceness; delicacy of perception. 2. Ex- 
cess of delicacy ; fastidiousness ; squeamishness. 3. JNli- 
nute difference. 4. Minuteness of observation or discrim- 
inati^jn ; precision. 5. Delicate management ; exactness 
in treatment. — 6. J\ricctles, in the plural, delicacies for 
food ; dainties. 

Nl'CHAR, 71. A plant. Miller. 

NICHE, } 71. [Fr. niche ; Sp., Port, nlcho.] A cavity, hollow, 

NICH, \ or recess within the thickness of a wall, for a 
statue or bust. Pope. 

NICK, 71. In the northern mythology, an evil spirit of the 
waters ; hence the modern vulgar phrase. Old Jsi'ick, the 
evil one. 

NICK, 71. [Sw. nick ; Dan. nik.] 1. The exact point of 
time required by necessity or convenience ; the critical 
time. 2. [G. knick, a flaw.] A notch or score for keep- 
ing an account ; a reckoning ; [obs.] 3. A winning 
throw. 

NICK, V. t. 1. To hit ; to ouch luckily ; to perform by a 
slight artifice used at the lucky time. 2. To cut in nicks 
or notches. [See Notch.] 3. To suit, as lattices cut in 
nicks; [obs.] 4. To defeat or cozen, as at dice; to dis- 
appoint by some trick or unexpected turn ; [obs.] 

NICK, V. t. [G. knicken.] To notch or make an incision in 
a horse's tail, to make him carry it higher. 

NICK'AR-TREE, n. A tree of the genus guilandina. 

NK;K'EL, 71. A metal of a white or reddish-white color. 

NICK'EI^-IC, a. The vickelic acid is a saturated combina- 
tion of nickel and oxygen. 

NICK'ER, n. One who watches for opportunities to pilfer 
or practice knavery. Arbuthnot. 

JNICK'NAME, 71. [In Fr. 7uque is a term of contempt.] A 
name given in contempt, derision or reproach ; an oppro- 
brious appellation. 

NICK'NAME, V. t. To give a name of reproach . call by 
an opprobrious appellation. Shak. 

NICK'NaMED, pp. Named in derision. 



NICK'NA MING, ppr. Calling by a name in contempt or 
derisioii. 

NIC-O-L a'I-TAN, 71. One of a sect in the ancient Christian 
church, so named from Mcolas. 

NI-CO'TIAN, a. Pertaining to or denoting tobacco ; and, as 
a noun, tobacco ; so called from JVicot, who first introduc- 
ed it into France, A. D. 1560. 

NIC'O-TIN, 71. The peculiar principle in the leaves of to- 
bacco ; a colorless substance of an acrid taste. 

NICTATE, V. i. [L. nicto.] To wink. Ray. 

NIC'TA-TING, or NIC'TI-TA-TING, pBr. or a. Winking, 

NIC-Ta'TION, n. The act of winking. 

fNIDE, 71. [L. nidus.] A brood. 

tNIDG'ET, 7i. A dastard. Camden. 

NID'I-FI-€ATE, v. i. [L. nidifico.] To make a nest. 

NID-I-FI-Ca'TION, n. The act of buUding a nest, and the 
hatching and feeding of young in the nest. 

jNID'ING, n. [Sax. nithing ; Ban., Sw. niding.] A despi- 
cable coward ; a dastard. 

Ni'DOR, 7i. [L.] Scent; savor. Bp. Taylor. 

NI-DO-ROS'I-TY, 71. Eructation with the taste of undigest- 
ed roast meat. Floyer. 

Ni'DO-ROUS, a. Resembling the smell or taste of roasted 
meat. Bacon. 

NID'U-LANT, a. [L. nidulor.] In botany, nestling ; ly- 
ing loose in pulp or cotton, within a berry or pericarp. 

t NID'U-L ATE, v.i. [L.. nidulor.] To build a nest. Cock- 
er am. 

NID-U-La'TION, n. The time of remaining in the nest ; as 
of a bird. Brown. 

Ni'DUS, 71. [L.] A nest ; a repository for the eggs of birds, 
insects, &c. 

NIeCE, (nese) n. [Fr. niice.] The daughter of a brother or 

fNIF'LE, 71. [Norm.] A trifle, Chaucer. 

NIG'GARD, 71. [W. 7UO-,- G. knicker.] A miser; a person 
meanly close and covetous. 

NIG'GARD, a. 1. Miserly ; meanly covetous; sordidly par- 
simonious. Dryden. 2. Sparing ; wary. 

NIG'GARD, v_. t. To stint ; to supply sparingly, [L. u.] 

jNIG'GARD-lSE, 71. Niggardliness. Spenser. 

NIG'GARD-ISH, a. Somewhat covetous or niggardly. 

NIG'GARD-LI-NESS, 7?. Mean covetousness ; sordid par 
simony. Addison. 

NIG'GARD-LY, a. 1. Meanly covetous or avaricious ; sor- 
didly parsimonious ; extremely sparing of expense. 2. 
Sparing ; wary ; cautiously avoiding profusion. 

NIG'GARD-LY, adv. Sparingly ; with cautious parsimony. 
Shak. 

tNlG'GARD-NESS, 7J. Niggardliness. Sidney. 

t NIG-GARD-SHIP, n. Avarice. Sir T. Elyot. 

JNIG'GARD-Y, 71. Niggardliness. 

t NIG'GLE, V. t. and i. To mock ; to trifle with. Beaumont. 

NIG'GLER, 71. One who is clever and dextrous. Qrose. 

NIGH, (ni) a. [Sax. 7iea/«, neahg, neh, for nig; G. nahe.] 

1. Near ; not distant or remote in place or time. Prior. 2. 
Closely allied by blood. 3. Easy to be obtained or learnt ; 
of easy access. 4. Ready to support, to forgive, or to aid 
and defend. 5. Close in fellowship ; intimate in relation. 
6. Near in progress or condition. Heb. vi. 

NIGH, (nl) adv. 1. Near ; at a small distance in place or 
time, or in the course of events. 2. Near to a place. 3. 
Almost ; near. 

f NIGH, (nl) V. i. To approach ; to advance or draw near. 

t NIGH, (ni) V. t. To come near ; to touch. Chaucer. 

f-NIGH'LY, (ni'ly) adv. Nearly ; within a little. 

NiGH'NESS, (ni'nes) n. Nearness; proximity in place, 
time or degree. 

NIGHT, (nite) n. [Hax.niht; Goth, nahts ; D. nagt; G. 
nacht.] 1. That part of the natural day when the sun is 
beneath the horizon, or the time from sunset to sunrise. 

2. The time after the close of life ; death. John ix. 3. A 
state of ignorance ; intellectual and moral darkness; 
heathenish ignorance. Rom. xiii. 4. Adversity ; a state 
of affliction and distress. Is. xxi. 5. Obscurity ; a state 
of concealment from the eye or the mind ; unintelligible- 
ness. — To-nicrht, in this night. 

NiGHT'-AN-GLING, n. The angling for or catching fish 

in the night. Encyc. 
NIGHT'-BiRD, w. A bird that flies only in the night. Hall. 
NlGHT'-BORN, a. Produced in darkness. 
NiGHT'-BRAWL-ER, n. One who excites brawls or makes 

a tumult at night. 
NlGHT'-€AP, 71. A cap worn in bed or in undress. 
NlGHT'-CRoW, 71. A fowl that cries in the night. Shak. 
NiGHT'-DEW, n. The dew formed in the night. 
NiGHT'-DOG, 71. A dog that hunts in the night ; used by 

deer-stealers. Shak. 
NiGHT'-DRESS, n. A dress worn at night. Pope. 
NlGHT'ED, a. Darkened ; clouded ; black. [L. u.] Shak. 
NIGHT'PALL, v. The close of the day ; evening. 
NIGHT'FAR-ING, a. Traveling in the night. 
NlGHT'FIRE, n. 1. Ignis fiituus ; Will with a wisp ; Jack 

with a lantern. 2. Fire burning in the night. 



See Synopsis 



K, T, O, V, Y, ZoTig-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; 



t Obsolete. 



NIN 



557 



NO 



NiGHT'-FL"?, 71. An insect that flies in the night. Shale. 
NIGHT'-FOUND-ERED, a. Lost or distressed in the night 

Milton. 
NIGHT'-GOWN, n. A loose gown used for undress. Ad- 
dison. 
HiGHT'-HAG, n. A witch supposed to wander in the night. 

Milton. 
NlGHT'IN-GALE, n. [Sax. nihtegale.] 1. A small bird 

that sings at night, of the genus motacilla; Philomela or 

Philomel. Shak, 2. A word of endearment. Shak. 
NlGHT'ISH, a. Pertaining to night, or attached to the night. 
NiGHT'LY, a. 1. Done by night ; happening in the night, 

or appearing in the night. 2, Done every night. 
NlGHT'LY, adv. 1. By night. 2. Every night. 
NiGHT'-MAN, n. One who removes filth from cities in 

the night. 
NiGHT'MARE, ) n. [night, and Sax. mara.] Incubus ; a 
NiGHT'MAR, \ sensation in sleep resembling the pres- 
sure cf a weight on tlie breast or about the priecordia. 
NiGHT'-PIeCE, n. A piece of painting so colored as to be 

supposed seen by candle-light. Addison. 
f NlGHT'-RAIL, 7i. [night, and Sax. regl.] A loose robe or 

garment worn over the dress at night. 
NiGHT'-Ra-VEN, n. A fowl of ill omen that cries in the 

night. Spenser. 
NIGHT'-REST, n. Rest or repose at night. Shak. 
NiGHT-ROB-BER, n. One that robs in the night. 
NiGHT'-RULE, w. A tumult or frolic in the night. Shak. 
NiGHT'-SHADE, ?i. [Sax. nihtscada.] A plant. 
NiGHT'-SHiN-ING, a. Shining in the night ; luminous in 

darkness. Wilkins. 
NiGIIT'-SHRIeK, n. A shriek or outcry in the night. 
NiGHT'-SPELL, n. A charm against accidents at night. 
NiGHT'-TRIP-PING, a. Tripping about in the night. 
NIGHT'-VIS-rON, 71. A vision at night. Dan. ii. 
NIGHT'-WaK-ING, a. Watching in the night. 
NiGHT'-WALK, n. A walk in the evening or night. JVal- 

ton. 
NIGHT'- WALK-ER, n. 1. One that walks in his sleep ; a 

somnambulist. 2. One that roves about in the night for 

evil purposes. 
NIGHT'- WALK-ING, a. Roving in tiie night. 
NiGHT'-WALK-ING, 71. A roving in the streets at night 

with evil designs. 
NIGHT'-WAND-ER-ER, n. One roving at night. 
NiGHT'-WAND-ER-ING, a. Wandering in the night. 
NiGHT'-WAR-BLING, a. Warbling or singing in the night. 
NiGHT'WARD, a. Approaching towards night. 
NiGHT'-WATCH, n. 1. A period in the night, as distin- 
guished by the change of the watch. 2. A watch or 

guard in the night. 
NiGHT'-WATCH-ER, n. One that watches in the night 

with evil designs, 
NiGHT'-WITCH, n. A night hag ; a witch that appeai-s in 

the night. 
NI-GRES'CENT, a. [L. nigresco.l Growing black ; chang- 
ing to a black color ; approaching to blackness. 
t NIG-RI-FI-€a'TION, n. [L. niger and facio.} The act 

of making black. 
NIG'RIN, \ n. An ore of titanium, found in black grains 
NIG'RiNE, I or rolled pieces. i7A-e. 
NI-HIL'I-TY, n. [L. 7iihilu7n.] . Nothingness ; a state of 

being nothing. Watts. 
t NILL, V. t. [Sax. nillan.] Not to will ; to refuse ; to reject. 
NILL, V. i. To be unwilling. Shak. 
NILL, n. The shining sparks of brass in trying and melting 

the ore. Johnson. 
NI-LOM'E-TER, 71. [JViiZe,and Gr. /^erpov.] An instrument 

for measuring the rise of water in the Nile during the 

flood, 
t NIM, V. t. [Sax. neman, nknan.] To take ; to steal ; to 

filch. Hudihras. 
NIMBLE, a. Light and quick in motion ; moving with 

ease and celerity ; lively ; swift. Pope. 
NIM'BLE-FOOT-ED, a. Running with speed; light of foot. 
NIM'BLE-NESS, n. Lightness and agility in motion ; quick- 
ness ; celerity ; speed ; swiftness, 
f NIlM'BLESS,«. Nimbleness. Spenser. 
NIM'BLE- WIT-TED, a. Quick; ready to speak. 
NIJM'BLY, adv. With agility ; with light, quick motion, 
t NIM'I-E-TY, n. [L. niviietas.'] The state of being too much. 
fNIM'MER, n. [Sax. niman.] A thief. Hudibras. 
NIN'€0M-P0OP, n. [a corruption of L. non compos.] A 

fool ; a blockhead ; a trifling dotard. [A low word.] 
NINE, a. [Goth, niun ; G. neun.] Denoting the number 

composed of eight and one. 
NINE, n._The number composed of eight and one. 
NiNE'-FoLD, a. Nine times repeated. Milton. 
NINE'-HoLES, 71. A game in which holes are made in the 

ground, into which a pellet is to be bowled. Drayton. 
NiNE'-PENCE, n. A silver coin of the value of nine-pence. 
NiNE'-PINS, 77. A play with nine pins or sharpened pieces 

of wood set on end, at which a bowl is rolled for throwing 

them down. 



NlNE'-S€OKE, d,. Noting nine times twenty. 

NlNE'-S€ORE, n. The number of nine timep twenty 

NiNE'TEEN, a. [Sax. nigantyne.] Noting the number 
jiine and ten united. 

NlNE-fTEENTH, a. [Sax. nigantothe.] The ordinal 
nineteen; designating nineteen 

NiNETI-ETH, a. The ordinal of ninety. 

NiNE'TY, u. Nine times ten ; as, iiijiety years. 

NIN'NY, n. [Sp, nino.] A fool ; a simpleton. 

NIN'NY-HAM-MER, n. A simpleton. Arbuthnot 

Ninth; a. [Sax. nigetha.] The ordinal of nine ; designa 
ting the number nine, the next preceding teri. 

Ninth, n. in music, an interval containing an octave and 
a tone. 

NIP, V. t. [D. knippen ; Sw. kidpa.] 1. To cut, bite or pincli 
off" the end or nib, or to pinch off" with the ends of the 
fingers. 2. To cut off the end of any thing : to clip as 
with the knife or scissors. 3. To blast ; to kill or destroy 
the end of any thing ; hence, to kill. 4. To pincli, bite or 
affect the extremities of any thing. 5. To check circula- 
tion. 6. To bite ; to vex. 7. To satirize keenly; to taunt 
sarcastically- 

NIP, 7z. ]. A pinch with the nails or teeth. Ascham. 2. A 
small cut, or a cutting off" the end. 3. A blast ; a killing 
of the ends of plants ; destruction by frost. 4. A biting 
sarcasm; a taunt. 5. [G. 7iippen.] A sip or small 
draught. 

NIPPED, or NIPT, pp. Pinched ; bit ; cropped ; blasted. 

NIP'PER, n. 1. A satirist ; [obs.] 2. Afore tootJi of a horse. 
The nippers are four. 

NIP'PER-KIN, 77. [Aleman. nap, nappekin.] A small cupr 

NIP'PERS,7i. Small pincers. 

NIP'PING, p;)r. Pinching; pinching off"; biting off" the end ; 
cropping ; clipping ; blasting ; killing. 

NIP'PING-LY, adv. With bitter sarcasm. Johnson. 

NIP'PLE,7i. [Sax. 717,'peZe.] 1. A teat; a dug. 2. The or- 
ifice at which any animal liquor is separated. Dcrhavi. 

NIP'PLE-WoRT, 7i. A plant of the genus lapsana. 

t NIS, [Sax. nis.] Is not. Spenser. 

NIS'AN, 71. A month of the Jewish calendar, the first month 
of the sacred year and seventh of the civil year, answer- 
ing nearly to our March. 

Nl'SI PRi'US, n. [L.] In law, a writ which lies in casea 
where the jury being impanneled and returned before the 
justices of the bench, one of the parties requests to have 
this writ for the ease of the country, that the cause may 
be tried before the justices of the same county. 

NIT, n. [Sax. hnitu.] The egg of a louse or other small 
insect. Derhani. 

Nl'TEN-CY, 71. ['L.niteo.'] I. Brightness ; lustre ; [I. u.] 
2. [L. nitor.] Endeavor ; eff"ort ; spring to expand itself; 
[little used.] 

NIT'ID, a. [L. nitidus.] 1. Bright ; lustrous ; shining. 
Boyle. 2. Gay ; spruce ; fine ; [little used.] Reeve. 

Nl'TRE, } n. [Fr. nitre ; Sp., It. nitro ; L. nitrum.] A salt, 

Nl'TER, ] called, also, salt-petre [stone-salt,] and, in the 
modern nomenclature of chemistry, nitrate of potash. 

NITH'ING, n. [Sax.] A coward ; a. dastard ; a poltroon. 
See NiDiNG. 

Nl'TRATE, 71. A salt formed by the union of the nitric 
acid with a base. Lavosier. 

Nl'TRA-TED, a. Combined with nitre. Kirwan. 

Nl'TRI€, a. Impregnated with nitre. 

Ni-TRI-FI-Ca'TION, n. The pi'ocess cf fonning nitre. 

Ni'TRI-FY, V. t. [nitre, and L./acto.] To form into nitre. 

Ni'TRITE, n. A salt formed by the combination of the ni- 
trous acid with a base. 

NI'TRO-GEN, n. [Gr. vit^ov and ys.vvaw.'] The element 
of nitre ; that which produces nitre ; that element or com- 
ponent part of air which is called aiote. See Azote. 

Nl-TR06'E-NOUS, a. Pertaining to nitrogen; producing 
nitre. 

Ni-TRO-LEu'Cie, a. Designating an acid obtained from 
leucine acted on by nitre. Braconnet. 

NI-TR0M'E-TER,7^. [Gr. virpov and i^erpeu).] An instru- 
ment for ascertaining the quality or value of nitre 

Nl'TRO-MU-RI-AT'ie, a. Partaking of nitre and muria or 

t NT-TROS'I-TY, n. Quality of nitre. Cotgrave. 

Nl'TROUS, a. Pertaining to nitre ; partaking of the quali- 
ties of nitre, or resembling it. 

Ni'TRY, a. Nitrous ; pertaining to nitre ; producing nitre 

JNIT'TER, 7!. The horse bee. Med.Repos. 

t NIT'TI-LY, adv. Lousily. Haywara. 

NIT'TY, a. Full of nits ; abounding with nits. 

fNi'VAL, a. [Ii. nivalis.] Abounding with snow; snowy. 

NiV-E-OUS, a. [L. niveus] Snowy; resembling snow j 
partaking of the qualities of snow. Broicn. 

Nl'ZY, n. [Norm. Fr. nessi.] A dunce ; a simpleton. 

NO. An abbreviation of number, Fr. nombre ; as, JVo. 10. 

NO, adv. [Sax. na, or iie ; W. na.] ]. A word of denial or 
refusal, expressing a negative, and equivalent to nay and 
not. 2. After another negative, it repeats the negation 
with great emphasis. 3. Not in any degree. 4. When no 



* See Synapsis. MOVE, nQQK, Do VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



NOD 



558 



NOM 



fe repeated, it expresses negation or refusal with empha- 
sis. 

NO, a. 1. Not any ; none. 2. Not any ; not one. 3. When 
it precedes wliere^ as in no where, it may be considered as 
adverbial, though originally an adjective. 

NOB, n. The head, in ridicule. [^ low word.] 

NOBIL'IA-RY, n. A history of noble families. Encyc. 

NU-iilL'I-TAT£, V. t. [L. nobUito.] To make noble ; to 
enoble. 

NO-B1L-I-Ta'TION, n. The act of making noble. More. 

NO-BIL'I-TY, ji. [L. nobilitas.] 1. Dignity of mind; 
greatness ; grandeur ; elevation of soul. 2. Antiquity of 
family ; descent from noble ancestors ; distinction by 
blood, usually joined with riches. 3. The qualities which 
constitute distinction of rank in civil society according to 
the customs or laws of the country. — In Great Britain, 
nobility is extended to five ranks, those of duke, marquis, 
ear , viscount, and baron. 4. The persons collectively 
who enjoy rank above commoners ; the peerage, 

N6'BLE, a. [Fi.,Sp.nobh; l.. iiobilis.] 1. Great; elevat- 
ed ; dignified ; being above every thing that can dishonor 
reputation. 2. Exalted ; elevated ; sublime, 3. Magnifi- 
cent ; stately ; splendid. 4. Of an ancient and splen- 
did family. 5. Distinguished from commonei-s by rank 
and title. 6. Free ; generous ; liberal. 7, Principal ; 
capital, 8. Ingenuous ; candid ; of an excellent disposition ; 
ready to receive truth. 9. Of the best kind ; c^ioice ; ex- 
cellent. 

No'BLE, 71. 1. A person of rank above a commoner ; a no- 
bleman ; a peer. — 2. In Scripture, a person of honorable 
family or distinguished by station, — 3. Originally, a gold 
coin, but now a money of account, value 65. M. ster- 
ling, 

f ?Jo'BLE, V. t. To ennoble. Chaucer. 

No'BLE LIV'ER-WORT, n. A plant. 

NO'BLE-MAN, n. A noble ; a peer ; one who enjoys rank 
above a commoner. Dryden. 

No'bi^E-WOM-AN, n. A female of noble rank. 

No'BLE-NESS, 71. 1. Greatness; dignity; ingenuousness; 
magnanimity ; elevation of mind or of condition, 2, 
Distinction by birth ; honor derived from a noble ancestry. 

NO-BLESS', n. [Fr. noblesse.'] 1, The nobility ; persons 
of noble rank collectively. Dryden, 2, Dignity ; great- 
ness , noble birth or condition ; [obs.] Spender. 

No'BLY, (ulv. I. Of noble extraction ; descended from a 
family of rank. Dryden. 2. With greatness of soul ; he- 
roically ; with magnanimity. 3. Splendidly ; magnifi- 
cently, 

No'BOD-Y, n. f no and body.] No person ; no one. Swift. 

No'CENT, a. [L, noccns.] Hurtful ; mischievous ; injuri- 
ous ; doing hurt. Watts. 

No'ClVE, a. [L. vx>civus.] Hurtful ; injurious. Hooker. 

t NOCK, n. A notch. See A^otch, 

t NOOK, V. t. To place in the notch. Chapman. 

t NOCKED, a. Notched. Chaucer. 

NOC-TAM-BU-La'TION, n. [L. nox and ambulo.] A 
rising from bed and walking in sleep. Beddoes. 

NOe-TAM'BU-LIST, rt. One who rises from bed and 
walks in his sleep. Arbuthnot uses noctambulo in the 



.] Comprising a night 



Bringing night, 
A species of 



NOC-TID'IAL, a. [L, 7iox and di 

and a dav, [Little used.] Holder. 
t NOC-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. nox and fero. 
NOC-TIL'U-CA, n. [L, nox and luceo. 

phosphorus which shines in darkness. 
NOC-TIL'U-COUS, a. Shining in the night. Pennant. 
NOC-l'lVA-GANT, a. [L. nox and vagor.] Wandering 

in the night, 
NOC-TIV-A-Ga'TION, n. A roving in the night. 
NOC'TU-A-RY, n. [from L, nox.] An account of what 

passes in the night, Addison. 
NOC'TIJLE, n. [L. nox.] A large species of bat. 
NOC'TURN, 71, [L, nocturnus.] An office of devotion or 

religious service by night, Stlllingfleet. 
NOC-TURX'AL, a, [h. nocturnus.] 1, Pertaining to night. 

2, Done or happening at night. 3. Nightly ; done or be- 
ing every night. 
NOC-TURN'AL, n. An instrument chiefly used at sea to 

lake the altitude of stars about the pole. 
fNOC'LT-MENT, 71. [L. nocumentum.] Harm. 
tNOC'U-OUS, a, [h.nocuus.] Noxious; hurtful, Bailey. 
NOD, V. i. [L. nuto.] 1. To incline the head with a quick 

motion, cither forward or sidewise, as persons nod in sleep. 

2. To bend or incline with a quick motion, 3. To be 

drowsy, 4. To make a slight bow ; also, to beckon with 

I nod. 
WOD,-y. t. To incline or bend ; to shake. Shak. 
JSOD, 71. 1, A quick declination of the head. 2, A quick 

declination or inclination, 3. A quick inclination of the 

head in drowsiness or sleep, 4, A slight obeisance. Shak. 

5. A command, 
NO'DA-TED, a. [Ij.nodatus.] Knotted. 
NO-Da'TION, 7t. [L. nodatio.] The act of making a knot, 

or state of being knotted, [Little used.] 



tNOD'DEN, a. Bent; inclined. Thomson. 

NOD'DER, n. One who nods ; a drowsy person, 

NOD'DING, ppr. Inclining the head with a short quick 
motion, 

NOD'DLE, ra. [fiVi.'L.nodulus.] The head ; in contempt 

NOD'DY, n. [qu. Gr. vutBrji.] I. A simpleton ; a fool, 2. 
A fowl, 3. A game at cards, 

NODE, 7t. [L. nodus.] 1, Properly, a knot; a knob; 
hence,— 2, in surgery, a swelling of the periosteum, ten- 
dons or bones, — 3, In astronomy, the point where the orbit 
of a planet intersects the ecliptic— 4. In poetrii, the knot, 
intrigue or plot of a piece, or the principal difficulty,— 5, 
In dialing, a point or hole in the gnomon of a dial. 

NO-DoSE', a. [L. nodosus.] Knotted; having knots or 
swelling joints. Martyn. 

NO-DOS'I-TY, 71. Knottiness. Brown. 

No'doUS, '"^' I °" t^' '"■odosus.] Knotty ; full of knots. 

NOD'U-LAR, a. Pertaining to w in the form of a nodule 
or knot. 

NOD'ULE, 71. [L. nodulus.] A little knot or lump. 

NOD'ULED, a. Having little knots or lumps. 

INO-ET'IC, a, [G-i.voETiKOi.] Intellectual ; transacted by 
the understanding, 

NOG, n. [ahbrev. of noggin.] A little pot ,• also, ale. Swift. 

t NOG'GEN, a. Hard ; rough ; harsh. King Charles. 

NOG'GIN, 71, A small mug or wooden cup, 

NOG'GING, n. A partition of scantlings filled with bricks 

fNOPANCE, 71, Annoyance; mischief; inconvenience. 

f NOIE, for annoy, f 

f NOI'ER, for annoyer, > Tusser. 

t NOI'OUS, troublesome. ) 

t NOINT, V. t. [Fr. oint.] To anoint. Huloet. 

NOISE, (noiz) n. [Fr. noise.] 1. Sound of any kind, 2. 
Outcry ; clamor ; loud, importunate or continued talk ex- 
pressive of boasting, complaint or quarreling, 3. Frequent 
talk ; much public conversation. 

NOISE, (noizj v. i. To sound loud, Milton. 

NOISE, (noiz) v. t. I. To spread by rumor or report. 2. 
To disturb with noise : [not authorized.] 

NOISED, pp. Spread by report ; much talked of. 

NOISE'FLJL, (noiz'ful) a. Loud ; clamorous ; making much 
noise or talk, Dryden. 

NOISE'LESS, (noiz'les) a. Making no noise or bustle ; si- 
lent, 

NOISE'-Ma-KER, (noiz'ma-ker) n. One who makes a 
clamor, L'Estrange. 

NOIS'I-LY, (noiz'e-ly) adv. With noise ; with making a 
noise. 

NOIS'I-NESS, (noiz'e-nes) n. The state of being noisy ; 
loudness of sound ; clamorousness. 

NOIS'ING, (noiz'ing) ppr. Spreading by report, 

NOI'SoME (noi'sura) a. [Norm, noisife ; It, nocivo, noioso.] 

1, Noxious to health ; hurtful ; mischievous ; unwhole- 
some ; insalubrious ; destructive. 2, Noxious ; injurious 
3, Offensive to the smell or other senses ; disgusting ; 
fetid, Shak. 

N0I'S6ME-LY, adv. With a fetid stench ; with an infec- 
tious steam, 

NOI'SoME-JNESS, n. Oflensiveness to the smell ; quality 
that disgusts. South. 

NOIS'Y, a. 1. Making a loud sound. 2, Clamorous ; tur- 
bulent, 3. Full of noise. 

No'LENS Vo'LENS, [L.] Unwillmg or willing ; whether 
he will or not, 

No'LT-ME-TAN'GE-RE, 7i. [h. ; touch me not.] 1, A plant. 

2, Among physicians, an ulcer or cancer, a species of 
herpes, Coxe. 

NO-Li"TION, n. [L, nolo.] Unwillingness ; opposed to 
volition. [Little used.] 

t NOLL, n. [Sax, hnol, cnolL] The head ; the noddle, 

No'MAD, n. [Gr. vofjias, vo/xaSos.] One who leads a wan- 
dering life, and subsists by tending herds of cattle which 
graze on herbage of spontaneous growth. 

NO-MAD'ie, a. [Gr. vofiaSiKos.] Pastoral ; subsisting by 
the tending of cattle, and wandering for the sake of pas- 
turage. 

No'MAD-iZE, V. i. To wander with flocks and herds for 
the sake of finding pasturage ; to subsist by the grazing 
of herds on herbage of natural growth, Tooke. 

N 6'M AB-lZ-lNG, ppr. Leading a pastoral lite, and wan- 
dering or removing from place to place for the sake of 
finding pasture, 

NO'MAN-CY, n. [L. nomen, and Gr. tuavrsia.] The art of 
divining the destiny of persons by the letters which form 
their names. 

NoM'BLES, n [Fr,] The entrails of a deer. Johnson. 

NOM'BRIL, 71. [Fr.] The centre of an escutcheon, 

NOME, 71, [Gr. vojios.] 1, A province or tract of country ; 
an Egyptian government or division, — 2, In the ancient 
Oreek music, any melody determined by inviolable rules. 
—3. [L. nomen.] In algebra, a quantity with a sign pre 



Sec Synopsis. A E, I, O, tJ, 1?, long.—FAB., FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;-'PIN, MARINE, BiBD ;— f Obsolete 



NON 



559 



NON 



fixed or added to it. — 4. [Gr. v£/iw, to eat.] In surgery, a 
phagedenic ulcer, or speiiies of herpes. 
*NO'.MEN-€LA-TOR,or NOM-EN-€La'TOR, w. [L.; Fr. 
nomenclateur.} 1. A person who calls things or persons 
by their names. — 2. In modern usage, a person who gives 
names to things. 

* NO'-MEN-CLA-TRESS, n. A female nomenclator. 

* NO-MEN.€LA'-'i U-RAL, a. Pertaining or according to a 
nomenclature. Barton. 

* No'MEN-€LA-TURE, or NOM-EN-€LaT'URE, n. [L. 
nomenclatura.] 1. A list ox catalogue of the more usual 
and important words in a language, with their significa- 
tions ; a vocabulary or dictionary. 2. The names of 
things in any art or science, or the whole vocabulary of 
names or technical terms which are appropriated to any 
particular branch of science. 

No'MI-AL, n. [from li. nomen.} A single name or term in 
mathematics. 

NOM'I-NAL, a. [L. nominalis.] 1. Titular j existing in 
name only. 2. Pertaining to a name or names ; consist- 
ing in names. 

NOM'I-NAL, I n. The Nominalists were a sect of 

NOM'I-NAL-IST, \ school philosophers, the disciples of 
Occam, in the 14th century, who maintained that worda, 
and not things, are the object of dialectics. 

t NOM'I-NAL-IZE, v. t. To convert into a noun. 

NOM'I-NAL-LY, adv. By name or in name only. 

NOM'I-NATE, V. t. [L. nomino.] 1. To name ; to mention 
byname. 2. To call 5 to entitle; to denominate. 3. To 
name, or designate by name, for an oflice or place ; to ap- 
point. 4. Usually, to name for an election, choice or 
appointment ; to propose by name. 

NOM'I-NA-TED, pp. Named 5 mentioned by name ; desig- 
nated or proposed for an office or for election. 

NOM'I-NATE-LY, adv. By name ; particularly. 

NOM'I-NA-TING, ppr. Naming ; proposing for an office or 
for choice by name. 

NOM-I-Na'TION, n. ] . The act of naming or of nomina- 
ting ; the act of proposing by name for an office. 2. The 
power of nominating or appointing to office. .3. The state 
of being nominated. 

NOM'I-NA-TlVE, a. Pertaining to the name which pre- 
cedes a verb, or to the first case of nouns. 

NOM'I-NA-TiVE, n. In grammar, the first case of names 
or nouns and of adjectives which are declinable. 

NOM'I-NA-TOR, n. One that nominates. 

NOM-I-NEE', n. 1. In law, the person who is named to 
receive a copy-hold estate on surrender of it to the lord ; 
the cestuy que use, sometimes called the surrenderee. 2. 
A person named or designated by another. 3. A person 
on whose life depends an annuity. 

NOM-0-THET'I€, ) a. [Gr. voixoeeTrjs.] Legislative ; 

NOM-0-THET'I-€AL, \ enacting laws. 

NON, adv. FL.] Not. This word is used in the English 
language as a prefix only, for giving a negative sense to 
words ; as in mow-residence. 

NON-A-BIL'1-TY, n. A want of ability ; in law, an excep- 
tion taken against a plaintiff in a cause, when he is un- 
able legally to commence a suit. 

NON'AGE, 71. [nan and age.] Minority ; the time of life 
before a person, according to the laws of his country, be- 
comes of age to manage his own concerns. 

NON'AGED, a. Not having due maturity ; being in nonage. 

NON-A-GES'I-MAL, a. [L. nonagesimus.] Noting the 90th 
degree of the ecliptic ; being in the highest point of the 
ecliptic. 

NON'A-GON, n. [L. nanus, and Gr. yoivia.] A figure hav- 
ing nine si_des and nine angles, Bailey. 

NON-AP-PeAR'ANCE, n. Default of appearance, as in 
court, to prosecute or defend. 

NON-AP-POINT'MENT, n. Neglect of appointment. 

NON-AT-TEJND'ANCE, n. A failure to attend ; omission 
of attendance. 

NON-AT-TEN'TION, n. Inattention. Sjoift. 

NON-BI-Tu'MI-NOUS, a. Containing no bitumen. 

t NONCE, w. Purpose ; intent ; design. Spenser. 

NON'-CLaIM, n. A failure to make claim within the time 
limited by law ; omission of claim. Bailey. 

NON-€OM-MuN'ION, n. Neglect or failure of communion. 

NON-eOM-PLl'ANCE, n. Neglect or failure of compli- 
ance. 

NON-€OM-PLy'ING, a. Neglecting or refusing to comply. 

NON COM'POS MEN'TIS, or NON COM'POS, [L.] Not 
of sound mind ; not having the regular use of reason ; as 
a noun, an idiot ; a lunatic. 

NON-€0N-DU€T'ING, a. Not conducting ; not transmit- 
ting another fluid. 

NON-eON-DUC'TION, n. A non-conducting. Ure. 

NON-€ON-DU€T'OR, n. A substance which does not con- 
duct, that is, transmit another substance or fluid, or which 
transmits it with difficulty. 

NON-€ON-FORM'ING, a. Not joining in the established 
religion. 



NON-eON-FORM'IST, n. One who neglects or refuses to 
conform to the rites and mode of worship of an estab- 
lished church. Swift. 

NON-€ON-FORM'I-TY, n. 1. Neglect or failure of con- 
formity. 2. The neglect or refusal to unite with an estab- 
lished church in its rites and mode of worship. 

NON-€ON-Ta'GIOUS, a. Not contagious. 

N0N-€0N-Ta'6I0US-NESS, n. The quality or state of 
being not communicable from a diseased to a healthy 
body. 

NON-€0-TEM-PO-Ra'NE-OUS, a. Not being cotemporary, 
or not of cotemporary origin. Journ. of Science. 

NON-DE-S€RIPT', a. [L. non and descriptus.] That has 
not been described. 

NON-DE-S€RIPT', n. Any thing that has not been de- 
scribed. 

* NONE, a. [Sax. 7ian ; ne and ane.] 1. Not one. 2. Not 
any ; not a part ; not the least portion. 3. It was formerly 
used before nouns 3 as, none other. This use is obsolete ; 
we now use no. 4. It is used as a substitute, the noun 
being omitted. 5. In the following phrase, it is used for 
nothing, or no concern. " Israel would none of me," that 
is, Israel would not listen to me at all. 6. As a substitute, 
7ioAie has a plural signification ; as, " terms of peace were 
none vouchsafed." 

NON-E-LECT', n. [L. tiow and eZectws.] One who is not 
elected or chosen to salvation. Huntington. 

N0N-E-LE€'TR1€, a. Conducting the electric fluid. 

NON-E-LE€'TRie, n. A substance that is not an electric, 
or which transmits the fluid ; as metals. 

NON-EM-PHAT'I€, \ a. Having no emphasis 3 unem- 

NON-EM-PHAT'I-CAL, \ phatic. Beattie. 

NON-EN'TI-TY, n. 1. Non-existence; the negation of 
being. Bevtley. 2. A thing not existing. 

NON-E-PIS'eO-PAL, a. Not episcopal ; not of the episco- 
pal church or denomination. J. M. Mason. 

NON-E-PIS-€0-Pa'LI-AN, n. One who does not belong to 
the episcopal church or denomination. J. M. Mason. 

NoNES, n. plu. [L. nona.] 1. In the Roman calendar, the 
fifth day of the months January, February, April, June, 
August, September, November and December, and the 
seventh day of March, May, July and October. The 
nones were vine days from the ides. 2. Prayers, /ormerZy 
so called. Todd. 

NON-ES-SEN'TIAL, n. J\''on-essentials are things not es- 
sential to a particular purpose. J. M. Mason. 

*NoNE'SUCH, ?(. [??.owB and 5wc/t.] 3. An extraordinary 
thing ; a thing that has not its equal. 2. A plant of the 
genus lychnis. Lee. 

NON-EX-E-€U'TION, 71. Neglect of execution ; non-per- 
formance. 

NON-EX-IST'ENCE, n. 1. Absence of existence ; the ne- 
gation of being. 2. A thing that has no existence or being. 

NON-EX-PoR-Ta'TION, n. A failure of exportation ; a 
not exporting goods or commodities. 

NO-NILL'ION, n. [L. nonus and million.] The number of 
nine million millions. 

NON-IM-PoR-Ta'TION, n. Want or failure of importa- 
tion ; a. not importing goods. 

NON-JURING, a. [L. non and juro.] Not swearing alle- 
giance ; an epithet applied to the party in Great Britian 
that would not swear allegiance to the Hanoverian family 
and government. 

NON-Ju'ROR, n. In Great Britain, one who refused to 
take the oath of allegiance to the government and crown 
of England at the revolution, when James II. abdicated 
the throne, and the Hanoverian family was introduced. 

NON-MAN-U-rA€iTUR-ING, a. Not carrying on manu- 
factures. Hamilton. 

N0N-ME-TAL'LI€, a. Not consisting of metal. 

NON-NAT'U-RALS, n. In medicine, things which, by the 
abuse of them, become the causes of disease. 

NON'NY. The same as ninny. 

NON-OB-SER VANCE, n. Neglect or failure to observe or 
fulfil. 

NON OB-STAN'TE. [L.; notwithstanding.] A "clause used 
in statutes and letters patent. Encyc. 

NON-PA-REIL', (non-pa-rel') n. [Fr. non and pareil | 1. 
Excellence unequaled. 2. A sort of apple. 3. A sort of 
printing type very small, and the smallest now used ex- 
cept three. 

NON-PA-REIL', (non-pa-rel') a. Having no equal ; peer- 

NON-^Pa Y'MENT, n. Neglect of payment. S. E. Dwight. 
NON'PLUS, n. [L. non and plus.] Puzzle ; insL';ierable 

difficulty ; a state in which one is unable to proceeuw 
NON'PLUS, V. t. To puzzle ; to confound ; to put to a 

stand ; to stop by embarrassment. Dryden. 
NON-PON-DER-OS'I-TY, n. Destitution of weight; levity 
NON-PON'DER-OUS, a. Having no weight. 
NON-PRO-DU€'TION, n. A failure to produce or exhibit. 
NON-PRO-FI' CIEN-CY, n. Failure to make progress. 
NON-PRO-Fl"CIENT, n. One who has failed to improve 

or make progress in any study or pursuit. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CII as SH : TH as in this, y Obsolete 



NOR 



560 



NOT 



iVON PROS, [contraction of nolle prosequi, the plaintiff 
will not prosecute.] It is used also as a verb. 

JSfON-RE-GARD'ANCE, n. Want of due regard, 

NON-REN-Dl'TION, n. Neglect of rendition ; the not 
rendering wiiat is due. 

NON-RE-SEM'BLANCE, n. Unlikeness ; dissimilarity. 

NON-RES'I-DENCE, n. Failure or neglect of residing at 
liiB place where one is stationed, or where official duties 
require one to reside, or on one's own lands. 

NON-RES'I-DENT, a. Not residing in a particular place, 
on one's own estate, or in one's proper place. 

NON-RES'I-DENT, n. One who does not reside on one's 
own lands, or in the place where official duties require. 

NON-RE-SIST'ANCE, n. The omission of resistance 5 pas- 
sive obedience ; submission to authority. 

NON-RE-SIST'ANT, a. Making no resistance to power or 
oppression. Arbuthnot. 

NON-SaNE', a. [L. non and sanus.'] Unsound ; not per- 
fect, 

NGN SENSE, n. 1. No sense ; words or language which 
have no meaning, or vhich convey no just ideas ; ab- 
surdity. 2 Trifles; thirgs of no impoilance. 

N0N-SENS'I-€AL, a. Unmeaning ; absurd ; foolish, 

NON-SENS'I-€AL-LY, adv. Absurdly ; without meaning. 

NON-SENS'I-eAL-NESS, n. Jargon 3 absurdity ; that 
which conveys no proper ideas, 

NON-SENS'I-TiVE, a. Wanting sense or perception. 

NON-SO-Lu'TION, n. Failure of solution or explanation. 

NON-SOLV'EN-CY, n. Inability to pay debts. 

NON-SOLVENT, a. Not able to pay debts ; insolvent. 

NON-SPaR'ING, a. Sparing none; all-destroying 3 merci- 
less. Shak. 

NONSUCH. See Nonesuch. 

NON'SuIT, 7!. In law, the default, neglect or non-appear- 
ance of the plaintiff in a suit, wben called in court, by 
which the plaintiff signifies his intention to drop the suit. 

NON'SuIT, V. t. To determine or record that the plaintiff 
drops his suit, on default of appearance when called in 
court,_ 

NON'SuIT, a. Nonsuited. Tijng^s Rep. 

NON'SuIT-ED, pp. Adjudged to have deserted the suit by 
default of appearance ; as a plaintiff. 

NON'SuIT-ING, ppr. Adjudging to have abandoned the 
suit by non-appearance or other neglect. 

NON-U'SANCE", (non-yu'zance) n. Neglect of use. Brown. 

NON-U'SER, (non-yu'zer) n. 1, A not using 5 failure to 
use ; neglect of official duty, 2, Neglect or omission 
of use. 

NOODLE, n. A simpleton. [A vulgar word.'] 

NHOK, n. A corner ; a narrow place formed by an angle in 
bodies or between bodies. Milton. 

NOON, n. [Sax, non ; D, noen.] 1. The middle of the day; 
the time when the sun is in the meridian ; twelve o'clock, 
2. Dryden used the word for midnigkt. 

NOON, ff. Meridional, Young. 

NOON'DaY, n. Mid-day ; twelve o'clock in the day, 

NOON'DaY, a. Pertaining to mid-day ; meridional, 

NOON'ING, n. Repose at noon ; sometimes, repast at noon. 

NOON'STEAD, n. The station of the sun at noon, 

NOON'TIDE, ri. The time of noon ; mid-day, 

ISOON'TlDE, a. Pertaining to noon ; meridional, 

* NOOSE, (nooz) 71, [Ir, nas.] A running knot, which 
binds the closer the more it is drawn, Hudibras. 

NOOSE, (nooz) v. t. To tie in a noose ; to catch in a 
noose ; to entrap ; to insnare, 

No'PAL, n. A plant of the genus cactus. 

NOPE, n. A provincial name for the bullfinch. Dirt. 

NOR, connective. \ne and or.'] 1, A word that denies or 
renders negative the second or subsequent part of a prop- 
osition, or a proposition following another negative propo- 
rtion 3 correlative to neither or' not. — 2, JVcr sometimes 
hegms a sentence, but in this case a negative proposition 
has preceded it in the foregoing sentence. 3, In some 
cases, usually in poetry, ne'dher is omitted, and the nega- 
tion which it would express is included in nor. 4, Some- 
times, in poetvTj, nor is used for neither, in the first part of 
the proposition, 

NORMAL, a. [L, normalis.] I, According to a square or 
rule : perpendicular ; forming a right angle, 2, Accord- 
ing to a rule or principle, 3. Relating to rudiments or 
elements ; teaching rudiments or first principles, 

NOil'MAN, n. In seamen's language, a short wooden bar 
to .-'e thrust into a hole of the windlass, on which to fasten 
The cable, 

NOR'MAA^, 7), [north-man, or nord-man.] A Norwegian, or 
a native of Normandy. 

NOfJ'MAN, a. Pertaining to Normandv. 

NOU'ROY, n. [north and roy.] The title of the third of the 
three kings at arms or provincial heralds, 

NOlITH, 71. [Sax. north ; G., Sw,, Dan, nord ; D, noord ; It, 
no, te , Fr. nord.'^ One of the cardinal points, being that 
point of the horizon which is directly opposite to the sun 
in the meridian, 

NORTH, a. Being in the north ; as, the north polar star. 



NORTH-EAST', n. The point between tne north and easj, 

at an equal distance from each. 
NORTH-EAST', a. Pertainmg to the north-east, or proceed 

ing from that point. 
NORTH'ER-LY, a. Being towards the north, or nearer to- 
wards the north than to any other cardinal point. 
NORTH'ER-LY, adv. 1. Towards the north, 2, In a 

northern direction, 3. Proceeding from a northern point 
NORTH'ER::; , a. l. Being in the north, or nearer to that 

point than to the east or west. 2. In a direction towards 

the north, or a point near it. 
t NORTH'ERN-LY, adv. Toward the north. Hakewill. 
NORTHUNG, n. 1, The motion or distance of a planet 

from the equator northward, 2, Course or distance north 

waid of the equator, 
NORTH'-STAR, n. The north polar star, 
NORTH'WARD, a. [Sax, north and weard.] Being towards 

the north, 

NORTH'WARDS ( °''^^' Towards the north. Dryden. 

NORTH-WEST', n. The point in the horizon between the 
north and west, and equally distant from each, 

NORTH-WEST', a. 1, Pertaining to the point between the 
north and west ; being in the northwest, 2, Proceeding 
from the northwest. 

NORTH-AVEST'ERN, a. Pertaining to or being in the 
northwest, or in a direction 10 the northwest. 

NORTH'-WIND, n. The wind that blows from the north 
Watts._ 

N0R-We'6I-AN, a. Belonging to Norway. 

NOR-We'GI-AN, n. A native of Norway. 

NOSE, n. [Sax. nose, ncesc, nase ; G. nase.] 1. The promi 
nent part of the face which is the organ of smell, consist- 
ing of two similar cavities called nostrils. 2, The end of 
anything, 3, Scent; sagacity,— To lead by the nose, to 
lead blindly, — To be led by the nose, to follow another 
obsequiously, or to be led without resistance or inquiring 
the reason, — To thrust one's nose into the affairs of others, 
to meddle officiously in other people's matters ; to be a 
busy-body, — To put one's nose out of joint, to alienate the 
affections from another, 

NOSE, V. t. 1. To smell ; to scent, Shak. 2. To face ; to 
oppose to the face. JVood, 

t NOSE, V. i. To look big ; to bluster. Shak. 

NoSE'BLEED, n. 1, A hemorrhage or bleeding at the nose, 
2, A plant of the genus achillea. 

Nosed, «. I. Having a nose, 2. Having sagacity, 

NOSE'-FISH, 71, A fish of the leather-mouthed kind, with 
a flat blunt snout ; called, also, broad-snout. 

NoSE'GaY, 7i, [7iose, and Celtic ^-eac] A bunch of flowers 
used to regale the sense of smelling, 

NoSE'LESS, a. Destitute of a nose, Shak. 

NoSE'-SMART, n. A plant, nasturtium ; cresses, 

NoSE'THRIL. See Nostril. 

NOS'LE, n. A little nose ; the extremity of a thing. See 
Nozzle. 

NOS-0-LOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to nosology, or a sys- 
tematic classification of diseases. 

NO-SOL'0-GIST, J?. One who classifies diseases, aiTanges 
them in order, and gives them suitable names. 

NO-SOL'0-GY, n. [Gr, vocyos and Aoyoj.] 1. A treatise on 
diseases, or a systematic arrangement or classification of 
diseases. 2, That branch of medical science which treats 
of the classification of ( 



NO-SO-PO-ET'I€, a. [Gr, voaog and Troteu).] Producing dis- 
eases, [Little used.] Arbuthnot. 

NOSTRIL, n. [Sax, nosethyrl, na;sethyrl.] An aperture or 
passage through the nose. The nostrils are the passages 
through which air is inhaled and exhaled in respiration. 

NOS'TRUM, n. [L., from noster.] A medicine, the ingre 
dients of which are kept seci-et for the purpose of restrict- 
ing the profits of sale to the inventor or proprietor, 

NOT, adv. [Sax, nakt, or no/it ; G, nicht ; Scot, nocht.] 1. 
A word that expresses negation, denial or refusal. 2. 
With the substantive verb, it denies being, or denotes ex 
tinction of existence. 

* NOT'A-BLE, a. [Fr, notable ; L, notabilis.] 1, Remark 
able ; worthy of notice ; memorable ; observable ; distin- 
guished or noted, 2. Active; industrious; careful. — 3, 
In Scripture, conspicuous ; sightly, 4, Notorious, Matt. 
xxvii, 5. Terrible. Acts ii. 6. Known or apparent. 
Acts iv, 

NOT'A-BLE, n. 1. In France, the nobles or persons of rank 
and distinction were formerly called notables. 2, A thing 
vv'oithy of observation, 

* NOT'A-BLE-NESS, n. 1, Activity; industriousness ; 
care ; [little used.] 2, Remarkableness, 

* NOT'A-BLY, adv. 1, Memorably ; remarkably ; emi- 
nentjy, 2, With show of consequence or importance 

NO-Ta'RI-AL, a. 1, Pertaining to a notary, 2. Done or 
taken by a notary, 

No'TA-RY, n. ['L.notariv^.] 1, Primarily, a. person em- 
ployed to take notes of contracts, trials and proceedings 



♦See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, long.— F^R, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ,— f Obsolete 



NOT 



561 



NOV 



in courts among the Romans. — 2. In modern usage, an 
officer authorized to attest contracts or writings of any 
kind, to give them the evidence of authenticity. This 
officer is often styled notary public. 

NO-Ta'TION, n. [L. notatio.] 1. The act or practice of re- 
cording any thing by marks, figures or characters. 2. 
Meaning ; signification ; [unusdal.] 

NOTCH, 71. [qn.G. knicken.] 1. A hollow cut in any thing; 
a nick ; an indentation. 2. An opening or narrow pas- 
sage through a mountain or hill. United States. 

NOTCH, V. t. To cut in small hollows. Pope. 

NOTCH'-WEED, n. A plant called orach. Johnson. 

j NOTE, for ne tcote, knew not, or could not. Chaucer 

NOTE, n. [L. iiota ; Fr. note.] 1. A mark or token ; some- 
thing by which a thing may be known ; a visible sign. 
2. A mark made in a book, indicating something worthy 
of particular notice. 3. A short remark ; a passage or ex- 
planation in the margin of a book. 4. A minute, memo- 
randum or short writing intended to assist the memory. 
5. Notice ; heed. 6. Reputation ; consequence ; distinc- 
tion. 7. State of being observed ; [l.u.] — 8. In mv^ic, a. 
character which marks a sound, or the sound itself. 9. 
Tune; voice; harmonious or melodious sounds. 10. Ab- 
breviation; symbol. 11. A short letter; a billet. 12. 
Annotation ; commentary. 13. A written or printed pa- 
per acknowledging a debt and promising payment. — 14. 
J\rotes, plu. a writing ; a written discourse ; applied 
equally to minutes or heads of a discourse or argument, or 
to a duicourse fully written. 15. A' diplomatic communi- 
catioK in writing ; an official paper sent from one minister 
or envoy to another. 

NOTE, v.t. [L.noto.] 1. To observe ; to notice with par- 
ticular care ; to heed ; to attend to. 2. To set down in 
writing. 3. To charge, as with a crime ; [obs.] 

t NOTE, V. t. [Sax. hnitan.] To butt ; to push with the 
horns. Ray. 

NoTE'-BOOK, n.,_'. A book in which memorandums are 
written. 2. A book in which notes of hand are registered. 

NoT'ED, pp. 1. Set down in writing. 2. Observed ; no- 
ticed. 3 a. Remarkable ; much known by reputation or 
report ; eminent ; celebrated. 

NoT'ED-LY, adv. With observation or notice. Shak. 

NoT'ED-NESS, n. Conspicuousness ; eminence ; celebrity. 

NoTE'LESS, a. Not attracting notice ; not conspicuous. 

NoT'ER, n. One who takes notice ; an annotator. Gregory. 

NoTE'W6R-THY, a. Worthy of observation or notice. 

*NOTH'ING, n. [710 and thiyig.] 1. Not anything, not 
any being or existence ; a word that denies the existence 
of any thing ; non-entity ; o^p^osedto something. 2. Non- 
existence ; a state of annihilation. 3. Not any thing ; not 
any particular thing, deed or event. 4. No other thing. 
5. No part, portion, quantity or degree. 6. No import- 
ance ; no value ; no use. 7. No possession of estate ; a 
low condition. 8. A thing of no proportion to something, 
or of trifling value or advantage. 9. A trifle ; a thing of 
no consideration or importance. — To make nothing of , to 
make no difficulty, or to consider as trifling, light or un- 
important. 

* NOTH'ING, adv. In no degree ; not at all. Milton. 

*N0TH'ING-NESS,7i. 1. Nihility ; non-existence. Donne. 
'2. Nothing ; a thing of no value. Hudibras. 

No'TlCE, n. [Fr. ; L. notitia.] 1. Observation by the eye 
or by the other senses. 2. Observation by the mind or 
intellectual power. 3. Information ; intelligence by what- 
ever means communicated ; knowledge given or received. 

4. A paper that communicates information. 5. Atten- 
tion ; respectful treatment ; civilitj'. 6. Remark ; obser- 
vation. 

No'TICE, V. t. 1. To observe ; to see. 2. To heed ; to re- 
gard. 3. To remark ; to mention or make observations 
on. Tooke. Hamilton. 4. To treat with attention and ci- 
vilities. 5. To observe intellectually. 

No'TiCE-A-BLE, a. That may be observed ; worthy of 
observation. London Quart. Rev. 

No'TiCED, pp. Observed ; seen ; remarked ; treated with 
attention. 

No'Tl-ClNG, ppr. Observing; seeing; regarding; remark- 
ing on ; treating with attention. 

No-TI-FI-Ca'TION, 7!. 1. The act of notifying, or giving 
notice ; the act of making known. 2. Notice given in 
words or writing, or by signs. .3. The writing which 
communicates information ; an advertisement, citation, 
&c. 

No'TI-FlED, pp. 1. Made known ; applied to things. 2. 
Informed by words, writing or other means ; applied to 
persons. 

NO'TI-FY, V. t. [Fr. notijier ,■ It. notlficare.] 1. To make 
known ; to declare ; to publish. 2. To make known by 
private communication ; to give information of. 3. To 
give notice to ; to inform by words or writing, in person 
or by message, or by any signs which are understood. U. 

5. Journals of the Senate 

NO'TI-FY-ING, ppr. Makmg Known ; giving notice to. ' 
No'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. notio.] 1. Conception ; mental ap- 



prehension of whatever may be known or imagined. Ji 
Sentiment ; opinion. 3. Sense ; understanding ; intel 
lectual power ; [obs.] 4. Inclination ; in vulgar use. 

No'TION- AL, a. 1. Imaginary ; ideal ; existing in idea 
only ; visionary ; fantastical. Bentley. 2. Dealing in 
imaginary things ; whimsical ; fanciful. 

t NO-TION-AL'I-TY, n. Empty, ungrounded opinion. 

No'TION-AL-LY, adv. In mental apprehension ; in con 
ception ; not in reality. JVorris. 

No'TION-IST, 71. One who holds to an ungrounded opin- 
ion. Bp. Hopkins. 

NO-TO-Rl'E-TY, n. [Fr. notoriete.l 1. Exposure to the 
public knowledge ; the state of being publicly or generally 
known. 2. Public knowledge. 

NO-TO'RI-OUS, a. [It., Sp. notorio ; Fr. notoire.] 1. Pui- 
licly known ; manifest to the world ; evident ; usually 
known to disadvantage ; hence almost always used in an 
ill sense. 2. Known, in a good sense. Shak. 

N0-T6'RI-0US-LY, adv. Publicly ; openly ; in a manner 
to be known or manifest. Swift. 

NO-T6'RI-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being open or 
known ; notoriety. 

fNOTT, a. [Sax. /mot.] Shorn. Chaucer. 

t NOTT, V. t. To shear. Stowe. 

No'TUS, 71. [L.] The south wind. Milton. 

NOT'WHeAT, n. [Sax. hnot.] Wheat not bearded. 

NOT-WITH-STAND'ING, [commonly, but not correctly, 
classed among co7) junctions.] The participle of withstand, 
with not prefixed, and signifying not opposing ; neverthe- 
less. It retains, in all cases, its participial signification. 
This word answers precisely to the Latin non obstante, 
and both are used with nouns, or with substitutes for 
nouns, for sentences or for clauses of sentences. 

NOUGHT. See Naught. 

fNOUL, n. [Hax. hnol.] The top of the head. Spenser. 

fNOULD, ne would, would not. Spenser. 

NOUN, n. [altered from L. 7!07?ie7i.] In ^ra7n7?tar, a name ; 
that sound, or combination of sounds, by which a thing is 
called, whether material or immaterial. 

jNoUR'lCE, 71. [Fr.nounice.] A nurse. Sir T. Elyot. 

NoUR'ISH, (nur'ish) v. t. [Fr. nourrir.] 1. To feed and 
cause to grow ; to supply with nutriment. 2. To sup- 
port ; to maintain by feeding. 3. To supply the means of 
support and increase ; to encourage. 4. To cherish ; to 
comfort. James v. 5. To educate ; to instruct ; to pro- 
mote growth in attainments. 1 Tim. iv. 

NoUR'ISH, (nur'ish) v. i. 1. To promote growth. 2. T* 
gain nourishment. 

t NoUR'ISH, ?u A nurse. Lydgate. 

N6UR'ISH-A-BLE, (nur'ish-a-bl) a. Susceptible of nourish- 
ment. Oreic. 

NoUR'ISHED, (nur'isht) pp. Fed ; supplied with nutri- 
ment ; caused to grow. 

N6UR'ISH-ER, (nur'ish-er) n. The person or thing that 
nourishes. Milton. 

NoUR'ISH-ING, (nur'ish-ing) ^r. 1. Feeding; supplying 
with aliment ; supporting with food. 2. a. Promoting 
growth ; nutritious. 

NoUR'ISH-MENT, (nur'ish-ment) n. 1. That which serves 
to promote the growth of animals or plants, or to repair 
the waste of animal bodies ; food ; sustenance ; nutri- 
ment. 2. Nutrition ; support of animal or vegetable bod- 
ies. 3. Instruction, or that which promotes growth in 
attainments. 

NoUR'I-TURE. See Nurture. 

fNoURS'LE, V. t. To nurse up. Spenser. 

NOURS'LING. See Nursling. 

tN6US'LE,orN6US'EL, v. t. [corrupted from ?mrsie.] To 
nurse up. 

t NOUS'LE, or NOUS'EL, v. t. To insnare ; to entrap ; as 
in a noose or trap. 

NO-VA€'U-LlTE, 71. [L. novacula.] Razor-stone. 

NO-Va'TIAN, 71. In church history, one of the sect of JVo- 
vatus, or J^ovatianus. 

NO-Va'TIAN-ISM, n. The opinions of the Novatians. 

NO-Va'TION. See Innovation. 

NO-Va'TOR. See Innovator. 

NOVEL, a. [Ij. novellus ; It. novella; Sp. novel.] 1. New, 
of recent origin or introduction ; not ancient ; hence, un- 
usual. — 2. In tlie civil law, the 7iovel constitutions are 
those which are supplemental to the code, and posterior 
in time to the other books.— 3. In the common law, the 
assize oi novel disseizin is an action in which the demand- 
ant recites a complaint of the disseizin. 

NOVEL, n. 1. A new or supplemental constitution or de- 
cree. 2. A fictitious tale or narrative in prose, intended 
to exhibit the operation of the passions, and particularly 
of love. 

NOVEL-ISM, 71. Innovation. {Little used.] Bering. 

NOVEL-IST, n. 1. An innovator ; an assertor of novelty. 
2. A writer of a novel or of novels. 3. A writer of nev7s ; 
[obs.] Tatler. 

fNOVEL-IZE, V. i. To mnovate. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;--BlJLL, UNITE— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z : CH as SH ; TH aa in «Aw. f Obsolete, 
36 



NUI 



562 



NUM 



J\'OV'EL-TY n. Newness ; recentness of origin or intro- 
duction. Hjoker. 

NO-VEM'BER, 71. [L. from novein, nine ; the ninth month, 
according to the ancient Romanyear, beginning in March.] 
The eleventh month of the year. 

* No'VEN-A-E,Y, n. [L. novenarius.] The number nine ; 
nine collectively. 

* NoVEN-A-RY. a. Pertaining to the number nine. 
NO-VEN'NI-AL, a. [L. novem and annus.] Done every 

ninth year. Potter. 

NO-VER'€AL,a. [L.yioverca.] Pertaining to a step-mother j 
in the manner of a step-mother. 

NOV'iCE, n. [Fr. ; L. yiovitiiis.] 1. One w^ho is new in any 
business 5 one unacquainted or unskilled ; one in the ru- 
diments ; a beginner. 2. One that has entered a religious 
house, but has not taken the vow ; a probationer. 3. One 
newly planted in the church, or one newly converted to 
the Christip.n faith. 

NO-^^"TIATE, n. [Fr. noviciat.] I. The state or time of 
learning rudiments. — 2. In religious houses, a year or 
other time of probation for the trial of a novice. 

t NO-Vi"TIOUS, a. [L. novitius.] Newly-invented. 

fNOVI-TY, 71. [L. novitas.] Newness. Brown. 

NOW, adv. [Sax., D., Sw., Dan., Goth. ?m.] 1. At the 
present time. 2. A little while ago ; very lately. 3. At 
one time ; at another time. 4. J'/ow sometimes expresses 
or implies a connection between the subsequent and pre- 
ceding proposition ; often it introduces an inference or an 
es;planation of what precedes. 5. After this ; things being 
so. 6. In supplication, it appears to be somewhat em- 
phatical. 7. JVom sometimes refers to a particular time 
past, specified or understood, and may be defined, at that 
time ; as, he was ncc sensible of his mistake. — Jv'ow and 
then. 1. At one time and another, indefinitely ; occasion- 
ally ; not often ; at intervals. 2. Applied to places which 
appear at intervals or in succession. 

NOW, 7!. The present time or moment. 

NOW-A-DaYS, adv. In this age. Oarrick. 

No'WaY, ) adv. [no and tcay.] In no manner or de- 

No'WaYS, \ gree. 

NOWED, a. [Fr. none.] Knotted ; tied in a knot ; used in 
heraldry. Encyc. 

t NOW'EL, 71. [Fr. noel.] A shout of joy or Christmas song. 
Chaucer. 

t NO WES, 71. [Fr. 710M.] The marriage knot. Crashaw. 

No'WHERE, adv. [no and where.] Not in any place or 
state. 

No' WISE, adv. [no and wise ; often, by mistake, written 
noways.] Not in any manner or degree. 

NOX'IOUS, (nok'shus) a. [L. noxius.] 1. Hurtful; harm- 
ful ; baneful ; pernicious ; destructive ; unwholesome ; 
insalubrious. 2. Guilty ; criminal. 3. Unfavorable ; in- 
jurious. 

NOX'IOUS-LY, adv. Hurtfully ; perniciously. 

NOX'IOUS-NESS, n. 1. Hurtfulness ; the quality that in- 
jures, impairs or destroys ; insalubrity. 2. The quality 
that corrupts or perverts. 

NOY, NOY'ANCE, NOY'ER, NOY'FUL, NO^'OUS, 
NOY'SANCE. See Annoy and Nuisance. 

NOY'AU, (noy'o) ?i. A rich cordial. 

NOZ'LE, ) n. [from 7iose.] The nose ; the extremity of 

NOZ'ZLE, \ any thmg ; the snout. 

jNUB'BLE, v.t. [for knubble.] To beat or bruise with the 
fist. Ainsworth. 

NU-BIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. iiuUfer.] Bringing or producing 
clouds. Did. 

tNtF'BI-LATE, v. t. [L. nuhilo.] To cloud. 

Nu'BlLE, a. [Fr. ; L. mihilis.] Marriageable 5 of an age 
suitable for maniage. Prior. 

Nu'BIL-OUS, a. [L. nubilus.] Cloudy. 

Pro-CIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. nux and/ero.] Bearing nuts. 

NU'CLE-US, 71. [L.] 1. Properly, the kernel of a nut ; but 
in usage, any body about which matter is collected. 2. 
The body of a comet, called, also, its head, which appears 
to be surrounded with light. 

NU-Da'TION, 71. [L. nudatio.] The act of stripping or 
making bare or naked. 

NUDE, a. [L. nudus.] 1. Bare.— 2. In law, void ; of no 
force. 

NU'DI-TY, 71. [L. nuditas.] 1. Nakedness.— 2. JVudities, 
in the plural, naked parts which decency requires to be 
concealed. — 3. In painting and sculpture, the naked parts 
of the human figure, or parts not covered with drapery. 

N U'DUM PACTUM. [L.] In law, an agreement that is 
void or not valid according to the laws of the land. 

NU-GAC'I-TY, 71. [L. nugax, ] Futility ; trifling talk or be- 
havior. Jilore. 

NU-Ga'TION, 7!. [L.nugor.] The act or practice of trifling. 
[Little used.] Bacon. 

Nu'GA-TO-RY, a. [L. nugatorius.] 1. Trifling ; vain ; fu- 
tile ; insignificant. Bentley. 2. Of no force ; inoperative ; 
ineffectual. 

NuI'SANCE, I 71. [Fr. nuisance.] 1. That which annoys 

Nu'SANCE, \ or gives trouble and vexation ; that which I 



is offensive or noxious.— 2. In law, that which incom- 
modes or annoys ; something that produces inconvenience 
or damage. 

NUL, in law, signifies 710, not any ; els, nul disseizin. 

NULL, V. t. [L. nullas.] To annul ; to deprive of validity ; 
to destroy. [J^Tot much used.] See Annul. 

NULL, a. [L. nullus.] Void ; of no legal or binding force 
or validity ; of no efficacy ; invalid. 

t NULL, 71. Something that has no force or meaning. 

fNUL-LI-Bl'E-TY, n. [h. nullibi.] The state of bemg no- 
where. 

[ NUL-LI-FIDT-AN, a. [L. nullus and fides.] Of no faith ; 
of no religion or honesty. Feltham. 

NUL'LI-FIED, pp. i\lade void. 

NUL'LI-FY, v. t. [L. nullus and facio.] To annul ; to 
make void ; to render invalid ; to deprive of legal force or 
efficacy. 

NUL'LI-TY, 71. [Fr. nullite.] I. Nothingness; want of 
existence. 2. Want of legal force, validity or efficacy. 

NUMB, (num) a. [Sax. numen.] 1. Torpid ; destitute of 
the power of sensation and motion, 2. Producing numb- 
ness ; benumbing ; [obs,] 

NUMB, (num) v. t. To make torpid ; to deprive of the 
power of sensation or motion ; to deaden ; to benumb 3 to 
stupefy. 

NUj^IBED, (numd) pp. Rendered torpid. 

t NUMB'ED-NESS, 71. Torpor; interruption of sensation. 

NUM'BER, 71. [Fr. nombre ; L. numerus.] 1. The designa- 
tion of a unit in reference to other units, or in reckoning, 
counting, enumerating. 2. An assemblage of two or more 
units. 3. More than one ; many. 4. Multitude. — 5. In 
poetry, measure ; the order and quantity of syllables con- 
stituting feet, which render verse musical to the ear. 6 
Poetry ; verse. — 7. In grammar, the difference of termina- 
tion or form of a word, to express unity or plurality. — 8. 
In mathematics, number is variously distinguished. — Car- 
dinal numbers are those which express the amount of 
units ; as, 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.— Ordinal numbers 
are those which express order; as, first, second, third, 
fourth, &c. 

NUM'BER, V. t. [L. munero,] 1. To count ; to reckon ; to 
ascertam the units of any sum, collection or multitude. 

2. To reckon as one of a collection or multitude ; as, "he 
was numbered with the transgressors." Is. liii. 

NUM'BERED, pp. Counted ; enumerated. 

NUM'BER-ER, n. One that numbers. 

t NUjM'BER-FUL, a. Many in number. 

NUM'BER-ING, ppr. Counting ; ascertaining the units of a 
multitude or collection. 

NUM'BER-LESS, a. That cannot be counted ; innumera- 
ble. Milton. 

NUM'BERg!, n. The title of the fourth book of the Penta- 
teuch. 

NUMB'ING, (num'ming) ppr. Making torpid. 

NUIM'BLES, 71. [Fr. nombles.] The entrails of a deer. 

NUMB'NESS, (num'nes) n. Torpor ; that state of a living 
body in which it has not the power of feeling. 

Nu'MER-A-BLE, a. [L. numerabilis.] That may be num- 
bered or counted. 

Nu'MER-AL, a. [Fr. ; L. numeralis.] 1. Pertaining to num- 
ber ; consisting of number. 2. Expressing number ; rep- 
rese)iting number; standing as a substitute for figures. 

3. Expressing numbers. 

Nu'MER-AL, 71. A numeral character or letter. Astle. 

Nu'MER-AL-LY, adv. According to number ; in number. 

NC'MER-A-RY, a. Belonging to a certam number. 

NtJ'MER-ATE, r. t. To count or reckon in numbers ; to 
calculate. Lancaster. 

NU-MER-a'TION, n. [L. numeratio.] 1. The act or art of 
numbering. — 2. In anthmetic, notation ; the art of ex- 
pressing in characters any number proposed in words. 

Nu'MER-A-TOR, n. [L.] I. One that numbers.— 2. In 
arithmetic, the number in vulgar fractions which shows 
how many parts of a unit are taken. 

NU-MER'[€, ) a. [It numerico ,• Fr. numcrique,] L Be- 

NU-MER'I-CAL, \ longing to number ; denoting number ; 
consisting in numbers. — 2. J\''umerical difference is that 
by which one individual is distinguished from another. 

NU-MER'I-€AL-LY, adv. 1. In numbers. 2. With respect 
tonumber or sameness in number. 

t Nu'MER-IST, 71. One that deals in numbers. 

t NU-MER-OS'I-TY, n. The state of being numerous. 

Nu'MER-OUS, a. [L. numerostis.] 1. Being many, or con- 
sisting of a great number of individuals. 2. Consisting of 
poetic numbers ; melodious ; musical. 

Nu'MER-OUS-LY, adv. In great numbers. 

Nu'MER-OUS-NESS, 7i. 1. The quality of being numerous 
or many ; the quality of consisting of a great number of 
individuals. 2. The quality of consisting of poetic num- 
bers ; melodiousness ; musicalness. 

NU-MIS-MAT'ie, a. [L. numisma.] Pertaining to money, 
coin or medals. 

* NU MIS-MAT'I€S, 71. The science of coins and medals. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



o 



563 



O 



NU-MIS-MA-T'.L'0-6IST, n. One versed in the knowl- 
edge of coins and medals. 
NU-MIS-MA-T0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. vo/tta/za and Xoyos.] The 
branch of historical science which treats of coins and 
medals. 
NUM'MA-RY, ) a. [L. jiummus.] Pertaining to coin or 
NUM'MU-LAR, ] money. j3rbut/inot. 
NUM'MU-LlTE, 7i. [L,. nummus.] Fossil remains of a cham- 
bered shell of a flattened form, formerly mistaken for 
money. 
fNUMPS, n. A dolt J a blockhead. Parker. 
NUM'SKULL, 11. [numb and skull.] A dunce ; a dolt ; a 
stupid fellow. Prwr. 

NUM'SKULLED, a. Dull in intellect ; stupid ; doltish. 

NUN, 71. [Sax., Dan. nunne ; D. non ; G. nonne; Sw. nun- 
iia ; Fr. noiine.] A woman devoted to a religious life, and 
who lives in a cloister or nunnery. 

NUN, n. 1. A web-footed fowl of the size of a duck, with 
a white head and neck. 2. The blue titmouse. 

NUN'CHION, 71. A portion of food taken between meals. 
.dins7corth. 

NUN'CI-A-TURE.(nun'she-a-ture)7!.Theofficeofanuncio. 

NUN'CI-0, (nun'sne-o) n. [It. nunzio ; L. nuncius.] J. An 
embassador from the pope to some catholic prince or state. 
2. A messenger ; one who brings intelligence. 

fNUN'eU-PATE, r. ^ [I^. 7iuncupo.] To declare publicly 
or solemnlv. Barrow. 

NUN-€U-Pa'TION,- n. A naming. Clmucer. 

NUN-€u'PA-TlVE, ) a. [It. nun cup ativo ; Fr. nuncupatlf.] 

NUN-€d'PA-TO-RY, \ 1. Nominal ; existing only in 
name. 2. Publicly or solemnly declaratory. 3. Verbal ; 
not written. 

NUN'DI-NAli, ) a. [L. nundinalis.] 1. Pertaining to a 

NUN'DI-NA-RY, \ fair or to a market day. 2. A mindi- 
nal letter, among the Romans, was one of the eight first 
letters of the alpliabet, which were repeated successively 
from the first to the last day of the year. 

NUN'DI-NAL, n. A nundinal letter. 

t NUN'DI-NATE, i\ i. To buy and sell at fairs. 

t NUN-DI-Na'TION, 7!. Traflick in faks. 

NUN-Na'TION, 7!. In Arabic grammar, from the name of 
Jf, the pronunciation of n at ihe end of words. 

NUN'NER-Y, 71. A house in which nuns reside. 

NUPTIAL, a. [L. nuptialis.] 1. Pertaining to marriage ; 
done at a wedding. 2. Constituting marriage. 

NUP'TIALS, 71. plu. Marriage, which see. Dryden., 

NURSE, (nurs) 71. [Fr. 7iourrice.] 1. A woman that has 
the care of infants, or a woman employed to tend the 
children of others. 2. A woman who suckles infants. 3. 
A woman that has the care of a sick person. 4. A man 
who has the care of the sick. 5. A person that breeds, 
educates or protects ; hence, that which breeds, brings up 
or causes to grow. 6. An old woman ; in contempt. 7. 
The state of being nursed. — 8. In composition, that which 
supplies food. 

NURSE, (nurs) v. t. 1. To tend, as infants. 2. To suckle ; 
to nourish at the breast. 3. To attend and take care of 
in child-bed. 4. To tend the sick. 5. To feed ; to main- 
tain ; to bring up. Is. Ix. 6. To cherish ; to foster ; to 
encourage; to promote growth in. 7. To manage with 
care and economy, with "a view to increase. 

NURSED, pp. Tended in infancy or sickness ; nourished 
from the breast ; maintained ; cherished. 

NURS'ER, 7i. One that cherishes or encourages growth. 

NURS'ER-Y, 71. 1. The place or apartment in a house ap- 
propriated to the care of children. 2. A plantation of 
young trees. 3. The place where any thing is fostered 
and the growth promoted. 4. That which forms and ed- 
ucates. 5. The act of nursing ; [little used.] 6. That 
which is the object of a nurse's care. 

NURS'ING, ppr. Tending; nourishing at the breast ; edu- 
catins ; maintaining. 

NURS'LING, 71. 1. An infant ; a child. 2. One that is 
nursed. 

NURT'URE, 71. [Fr. nourriture.] 1. That which nour- 
ishes ; food ; diet. 2. That which promotes growth ; ed- 
ucation ; instruction. 

NURT'URE, V. t. 1. To feed ; to nourish. 2. To educate ; 
to bring or train up. Wotton. 

Nu'SANCE. See Nuisance. 



NUS'TLE, V. t. To fondle ; to cherish. Ainsxcortk. 

NUT, n. [Sax. hnut.] 1. The fmit of certain trees and 
shrubs, consisting of a hard shell inclosing a kernel —2. 
In meckanics, a small cylinder or other body, with teeth 
or projections corresponding with the teeth or grooves 
of a wheel. 3. The projection near the eye of an an- 
chor. 

NUT,r. f. To gather nuts. Wood. 

NU-Ta'TION, n. [L. nutatio.] In astronomy, a kind of 
tremulous motion of the axis of the earth, by which, in its 
annual revolution, it is twice inclined to the ecliptic, and 
as often returns to its former position. 

NUT^BREaK-ER. See Nutcracker. 

NUT'-BROWN, a. Brown as a nut long kept and dried. 

NUT'-€RA€K-ER, 7!. 1. An instrument for cracking nuts 
2. A bird of the genus corvus ; the nut-breaker. 

NUT'GALL, 77. An excrescence of the oak. Brazen. 

NUT'-HATCH, 7i. The common name of birds of tZie ge- 
nus sitta. 

NUT'-HOOK, 7t. A pole with a hook at the end to pull 
down boughs for gathering the nuts ; also, the name given 
to a thief that stole goods from a window by means of a 
hook. 

NUT'JOB-BER, or NUT'PE€K-ER, n. A bird. Ainsworth. 

jNUT'MEG, n. [L. nux mosckata.] The fruit of a tree of 
the genus myristica, growing in the isles of the East Indies 
and South Sea 

tNU-TRI-€A'TlON, 71. Manner of feeding or being fed. 

Nu'TRI-ENT, a. [L. nutrio.] Nourishing 3 promoting 
growth. 

NU'TRI-ENT, 71. Any substance which nourishes by 
promoting the growth or repEuring the waste of animal 
bodies. 

NU'TRI-MENT, n. [L. nutrimentum.] I. That which nour^ 
ishes ; food ; aliment. 2. That which promotes enlarge 
ment or improvement. 

NU-TRI-MENT'AL, a. Having the qualities of food • ali 
mental. 

NU-TRl'TION, 71. [L. nutritio.l, 1. The act or process 
of promoting the growth or repauing the waste of ani- 
mal bodies ; the act or process of promoting growth in 
vegetables. 2. That which nourishes ; nutriment. 

NU-TRi''TIOUS, a. Nourishing ; promoting the growth or 
repairing the waste of animal bodies. 

Nu'TRI-TiVE, a. Having the quality of nourishing ; nu- 
trimental ; alimental. 

tNu'TRI-TURE, 71. The quality of nourishing. 

NUT'-SHELL, n. 1. The hard shell of a nut ; the covering 
of the kernel. 2. A thing of little compass or of little 
value. 

NUT-TREE, n. A tree that bears nuts. 

NUZ'ZLE, V. t. To nurse ; to foster. [ Vulgar.] 

jNUZ'ZLE, v. t. [qu. from nose, or noursle.] To hide the 
head, as a child in the mother's bosom. Bailey. 

NUZ'ZLE, V. t. To nestle ; to house as in a nest. 

NUZ'ZLE, V. i. To go with the nose near the ground, or 
thrusting the nose into the ground like a swine. 

NY€'TA-LOPS, n. [Gr. vvicTa\wip.] 1. One that sees best 
in the night. 2, One who loses his sight as night comes 
on, and remains blind till morning. 

NY€'TA-LO-PY, 7!. 1. The faculty of seeing best in dark- 
ness, or the disorder from which this faculty proceeds. — 
2. In present usage, the disorder in which the patient loses 
his sight as night approaches, and remains blind till morn- 
ing. 

NyE, 77. A brood or flock of pheasants. 

NYL'GAU, 77. A quadruped of the genus bos. 

NYMPH, 77. [L. nympha ; Gr. vv/jKprj.] 1. In mythology, a 
goddess of the mountains, forests, meadows and waters. — 
2. In poetry, a lady. 
NYMPH, I n. Another name of the pupa, chrysalis, or au- 
NYMPH'A, \ relia. 
NYM-PHe'AN, a. Pertaining to nymphs 5 inhabited by 

nj'mphs. Faber. 
NYMPH'I-OAL, a. Pertaining to nymphs. 
NYMPH'ISH, a. Relating to nymphs ; ladylike. Drayton. 
NYMPH'LiKE, 



NYMPH'LY, 



a. Resembling nymphs. 



t NYSj [7ie and is.] None is ; is not. Spenser. 



O. 



Ois the fifteenth letter, and the fourth vowel, in the 
English Alphabet. It has a long sound, as in tone, hone, 
roll, droll: a short sound, as in lot, plod, rod; and the 
souTid of 00, or the Italian u, and French ou, as in move, 
prove. This sound is shortened in words ending in a close 
articulation, as in book, foot. 



As a numeral, O was sometimes used by the ancients for 11, 
and, with a dash over it, o, for 11,000. 

Among the IHsh, O, prefixed to the name of a family, de- 
notes progeny, or is a character of dign ty ; as, O'Neil. 

O is often used as an exclamation, expressing a wish ; as, 0, 
were he present. Dryden. 



• See Sjpiopsis. MOVE. BQQK, DoVE ;— BULL. UNITE.— € as K ; <5 as J ; » as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



UBE 



5G4 



OBJ 



O. S. stands for old style. 

oAF, n. [said to be a corruption of mipn.j 1, A changeling ; 
a foolisli child left by fairies in the place of another. 2. 

_ A dolt ; an idiot ; a blockhead. 

OAFISH, a. Stupid ; dull ; doltish. [Little used.] 

oAF-ISH-NESt3,7!. Stupidity; dullness; folly. [L. u.] 

OAK, n. [Sax. ac, tec] A tree of the genus quercus. 

OAK'-AP-PLE, n. A kind of spungy excrescence on oak 
leaves or tender branches, &c.; called, also, oak leaf gall, 

_ or gall-nut. 

OAK'EN, (6'kn) a. 1. Made of oak, or consisting of oak. 2. 
Composed of branches of oak. Addison. 

OAK'EN-PIN, 71. An apple ; so called from its hardness. 

OAK'LING, 71. A young oak. Evehjn. 

OAK'UM, n. [Sax. acemba, cBCiLinbe.] The substance of old 
ropes untwisted and pulled into loose hemp. 

OAK'Y, a. [from oak.] Hard ; firm ; strong. Hall. 

OAR, n. [Sax. ar.] An instrument for rowing boats.— To 
boat the oars, in seamanshiji, to cease rowing and lay the 
oars in the boat.— To ship the oars, to place them in the 
row-locks.— Z'o unship the oars, to take them out of the 

_ row-locks. 

O AR, v.i. To row. Pope. 

6AR, V. t. To impel by rowing. Shak 

OAR'Y, a. Having the form or use of an oar. Milton. 

O'A-SIS, n. A fertile spot surrounded by an arid desert. 

6AST, OST,orOUST,7!. [qu. Gr.£crr£a,orL.MSiM^.] A kiln 
to dry hops or malt. Mortimer. 

OAT, 71.. [Sax. a^e.] A plant of the genus aTjeTia. The word 
is commonly used in the plural, oats. The meal of this 
grain, oatmeal, forms a considerable and very valuable 
article of food for man in Scotland, and every where oats 
are excellent food for horses and cattle. 

oAT'eAKE, n. A cake made of the meal of oats. 

OAT'EN, (o'tn) a. 1. Made of oatmeal ; as, oaten cakes. 
2, Consisting of an oat straw or stem ; as, an oaten pipe. 
Milton. 

OATH, 71. [Sax. ath.] A solemn affirmation or declaration, 
made with an appeal to God for the truth of what is af- 
firmed. 

1 6ATH'A-BLE, a. Capable of having an oath administer- 
ed to. 

oATH'BREaK-ING, n. The violation of an oath ; perjury. 

OAT'MALT, n. Malt ihade of oats. Mortimer. 

OAT'MeAL, 71. 1. Meal of oats produced by grinding or 
pounding. Gay. 2. A plant ; [obs.] 

t Ox\T'THIS-TLE, n. A plant. Ainsworth. 

OB, a Latin preposition, signifies, primarily, in front, be- 
fore, and hence against, towards ; as in objicio, to object, 
that is, to throw against. It has also the force of m or on ,• 
as in obtrude. — In composition, the letter b is often changed 
into the first letter of the word to which it is prefixed ; 
as in occasion, offer, oppose. 

t OB-AM'BU-IjATE, v. i. [L. obambulo.] To walk about. 

t OB-AM-BU-La'TION, n. A walking about. Diet. 

OB-BLI-Ga'TO, a. [It.] A term in mu^ic, signifying on 
purpose for the instrument named. Cyc. 

OB-€ORD'ATE, a. [L. ob and cor.] In botany, shaped like 
a heart, with the apex downward. 

OB-DOR-Mi"TION, n. [L. obdormio.] Sleep ; sound sleep. 
[Little used.] Hall. 

OB-DiJCE', V. t. [L. obduco.] To draw over, as a covering. 
[Little 'iised.] Hale. 

t OB-DU€T', V. t. [L. obduco.] To draw over ; to cover. 

OB-DU€'TION, n. ['L.^bductio.] The act of drawing over, 
as a covering ; the act of laying over. [Little used.J 

* OB'DU-RA-CY, 7». Invincible hardness of heart; impen- 
itence that cannot be subdued ; inflexible persistency in 
sm ; obstinacy in wickedness. 

* OB'DU-RATE, a. [L. obduro.] 1. Hardened in heart ; 
inflexiblv hard ; persisting obstinately in sin or impeni- 
tence. 2. Hardened against good or favor ; stubborn ; 
unyielding ; inflexible. 3. Harsh ; rugged. [L. u.] Sicifi. 

f OB'DU-RATE, v. t. To harden. More. 

* OB'DU-RATE-LY, adv. Stubbornly ; inflexibly ; with ob- 
stinate impenitence. 

* OB'DU-RATE-NESS, n. Stubbornness ; inflexible persist- 
ence in sin. 

OB-DU-Ra'TION, 71. The hardening of the heart ; hardness 
of heart; stubbornness. Hooker. 

OB-DURE', V. t. 1 L. obduro.l 1. To harden ; to render 
obstinate in sin ; [l. u.] 2. To render inflexible ; [I. u.] 

OB-DtJR'ED, (ob-durd') pp. or a. Hardened ; inflexible ; im- 
penitent. 

OB-DUR'ED-NESS, (ob-durd'nes) n. Hardness of heart ; 
stubbornness. . ., ^ 

* O-BE'DI-ENCE, n. [Fr.; L. obedientia.] Complmnce with 
a command, prohibition or known law and rule of duty 
prescribed ; the performance of what is required or en- 
joined by authority, or the abstaining from what is pro- 
hibited, in compliance with the command of prohibi- 
tion. Obedience is not synonymous with obsequiousness ,• 
the 'latter often implying meanness or servility, and 
obedience being merely a proper submission to authority. 



O-Be'DI-ENT, a. [L. obedicns.] Submissive to authority ^ 
yielding compliance with commands, orders or injunc- 
. tions; performing what is required, or abstaining from 
what is forbid. 

* O-BE-DI-EN'TIAL, a. [Fr. obedienciel.] According to the 
rule_of obedience ; in compliance with commands. 

* O-Be'DI-ENT-LY, adv. With obedience ; with due sub 
mission to commands. Tillotson. 

* 0-BeI'SANC£, 71. [Fr. obeissance.] A bow or courtesy , 
an act of reverence made by an inclination of the body oi 
the knee. 

OB-E-LIS'€AL, a. In the form of an obelisk. Stukeley. 

OB'E-LISK, n. [L. obeliscus.] 1. A truncated, quadrangu 
lar and slender pyramid intended as an ornament. — ^2. In 
icriting and printing, a reference or mark referring the 
reader to a note in the margin, thus, f- It is used also for 
designating obsolete words, or for other purposes. 

t 0-BEa'UI-TATE, v. i. [L. obequito.] To ride about. 

t O-BEQ-UI-Ta'TION, 7i. The act of riding about. 

OB-ER-Ra'TION, n. [L. oberro.] The act of wandering 
about. [Little v^ed.] Johnson. 

O-BeSE', a. [L. ohesiLs.] Fat ; fleshy. [Little used.] 

O-BeSE'NESS, ) n. [L. obesitas.] Fatness ; fleshiness ; m- 

O-BES'I-TY, \ cumbrance of flesh. 

O-BEYi, (o-ba.') v. t. [Fr. obeir.] 1. To comply with the 
commands, orders or instructions of a superior, or with 
the requirements of law. 2. To submit to the government 
of; to be ruled by. 3. To submit to the dkection or con- 
trol of. 4. To yield to the impulse, power or opera- 
tion of. 

0-BEY'ED, (o-bade') pp. Complied with ; performed ; as a 
command ; yielded to. 

O-BEY'ER^ n. One who yields obedience. 

O-EEYTNG, ppr. Complying with commands ; submit- 
ting to. 

t OB-FiRM', ) V. t. To make firm ; to harden in reso- 

t OB-FiRM' ATE, J lution. Hall. 

OB-FUS'€ATE, v. t. [L. ob and fusco.] To darken ; to ob- 
scure. Waterhouse. 

OB-FUS'CA-Te'd PP' ^^rkened in color. Shenstone. 

OB-FUS-€a'TION, n. The act of darkening or rendering 
obscure ; a clouding. 

OB'IT, 71. [L. obiit, oblvit.] Properly, death ; decease ; 
hence, funeral solemnities or anniversary service for the 
soul of the deceased on the day of his death. 

0-BIT'U-AL, a. [L. cbitits.] Pertaining to obits, or the days 
when funeral solemnities are celebrated. Encvc. 

0-BIT'U-A-RY, 71. [Fr. obiticaire.] 1. A list of the dead, 
or a register of obitual anniversary days, when service is 
performed for the dead. 2. An account of pei-sons de- 
ceased. 

O-BIT'U-A-RY, a. Relating to the decease of a person. 

OB'JECT, n. [Fr. objet ; L. objectum.] 1. That atout 
which any power or faculty is employed, or something 
apprehended or presented to the mind by sensation or im- 
agination. 2. That to whicli the mind is dhected for ac- 
complishment or attainment ; end ; ultimate purpose. 3. 
Something presented to the senses or the mind, to excite 
emotion, affiection or passion. — 4. In grammar, that which 
is produced, influenced or acted on by something else ; 
that which follows a transitive verb. 

OB'JECT-GLASS, n. In a telescope or microscope, the glass 
placed at the end of a tube next the object. 

OB-JEOT', B. t. [Li. objicio.] 1. To oppose; to present in 
opposition. 2. To present or offer in opposition. 3. To 
offer ; to exhibit ; [little used.] 

OB-JECT', V. i. To oppose in words or arguments ; to ofler 
reasons against. 

t OB-JECT', a. Opposed ; presented in opposition. 

OB-JE€T'A-BLE, a. That may be opposed. Taylor. 

OB-JE€'TION, 7?. [L. objectio.] 1. The act of objecting 
2. That which is presented m opposition ; adverse rea- 
son or argument. 3. That which may be offered in op 
position ; reason existing, though not off'ered, against 
a measure or an opinion. 4. Criminal charge ; fault 
found. 

OB-JE€'TION-A-BLE, a. Justly liable to objections ; such 
as mav be objected against. 

OB-JE€T'lVE, a. [Fr. objectif.] 1. Belonging to the object; 
contained in the object. — 2. In grammar, the objective 
case is that which follows a transitive verb or a preposi- 
tion. 

OB-JECT'lVE-LY, adv. 1. In the manner of an object. 
Locke. 2. In the state of an object. Brown. 

OB-JECT'iVE-NESS, n. The state of being an object. 

OB-JE€T'OR, 71. One that objects ; one that offers argu- 
ments or reasons in opposition to a proposition or meas- 
ure. 



tOB-JUR'GATE, v. t. [L. ohjurgo.] To chide ; to reprove. 

OB-JUR-Ga'TION, 71. [L. objurgatio.] The act of chiding 

by way of censure ; reproof^ reprehension. [Little v^ed.] 



OB-JUR'GA-TO-RY, a. Containing censure or reproof; cul- 
patory. [Little tised.] Howell. 



See Smopsis. a, E, i, O, V, Y, long.-^FKR, FALL, WH^T ;-PREY ;-PlN, MARINE, BIRD ;- t Obsolete 



OBL 



565 



OBS 



OB-La'DA, n. A fish of the spams kind. 

OB-LaTE', a. [L. ohlatus-l Flattened or depressed at the 
poles. Ckeijne. 

OB-LaTE'NESS, n. The quality or state of being oblate. 

OB-La'TION, n. [L. oblatio.] Any thing offered or pre- 
sented in worship or sacred service ; an offering ; a sacri- 
fice. 

t OB-La'TION-EK,, n. One who makes an offering as an 
act of worship or reverence. 

t OB-LEC'TATE, v. t. [L. oblecto.] To delight. 

OB-LEe-TA'TION, n. The act of pleasing highly ; delight. 
Felthajn. 

OB'LI-GATE, v. t. [L. oUigo.] To bind, as one's self, in a 
moral and legal sense ; to impose on, as a duty which the 
law or good faith may enforce. Churchill. 

OB'LI-GA-TED, pp. Bound by contract or promise. 

OB'LI-GA-TING, ppr. Bound by covenant, contract, prom- 
ise or bond 

OB-LI-Ga'TIO]\, 71. [L. obligatio.] 1. The binding power 
of a vow. promise, oath or contract, or of law, civil, po- 
litical or moral, independent of a promise ; that which 
constitutes legal or moral duty, and which renders a per- 
son liable to coercion and punishment for neglecting it. 
2. The binding force of civility, kindness or gratitude, 
when the performance of a duty cannot be enforced by 
law. 3. Any act by which a person becomes bound to do 
something to or for another, or to forbear something. — 4. 
In law, a bond with a condition annexed, and a penalty 
for non-fulfilment. 

OB-LI-Ga'TO. See Obbligato. 

OB'LiI-GA-TO-RY, a. Binding in law or conscience ; impos- 
ing duty ; requiring performance or forbearance of some 
act. 

*0-BLlGE', V. t. [Fr. obliger ; L. obligo.] 1. To constrain 
by necessity ; to compel by physical force. 2. To con- 
strain by legal force ; to bind in law. 3. To bind or con- 
strain by moral force. 4. To bind in conscience or hon- 
or ; to constrain by a sense of propriety. 5. To do a favor 
to ; to lay under obligation of gratitude. 6. To do a favor 
to ; to please ; to gratify. 7. To indebt. 

* 0-^Ll6'ED, (o-birjd') pp. Bound in duty or in law ; com- 
pelled ; constrained ; favored ; indebted. 

OB-LI-GEE', n. The person to whom another is bound, or 

the person to whom a bond is given. 
* O-BLIGE'MENT, n. Obligation. [Little used.'] Dryden. 
*0-BLl'GER, n. One that obliges, 

* 0-BLl'6lNG, ppr. 1. Binding in law or conscience ; com-' 
pelling; constraining. 2. Doing a favor to. 

* O-BLI'GING, a. [Fr. obligeant.] Having the disposition to 
do favors, or actually conferring tliem. 

* O-BLl'GING-LY, adv. With civility ; kindly ; complai- 
santly. 

* 0-BLl'GING-NESS, n. 1. Obligation ; [little used.] 2. 

Civility ; complaisance ; disposition to exercise kindness. 
OB-LI-GOR', n. The person who binds himself or gives his 

bond to another. Blackstone. 
OB-LI-aUA'TION, n. [L. obliquo.] 1. Declination from a 

straight line or course ; a turning to one side. 2. Deviation 

from moral rectitude. 

* OB-LiaUE', ) ,. ..... S a. [ L. obliqmis ; Fr. oblique.] 

* OB-LIKE', \ (oD-JiKe; j j_ Deviating from a right 
line ; not direct ; not perpendicular ; not parallel ; aslant. 
2. Indirect ; by a side glance. Shak. — 3. In grammar, an 
ohliqiie case is any case except the nominative. 

* OB-LlQ,UE'LY, adv. I. In a line deviating from a rigJit 
line ; not directly ; not perpendicularly. 2. Indirectly ; 
by a side glance j by an allusion ; not in the direct or plain 
meaning. 

* OB-LiaUE'NESS, n. Obliquity. 

OB-Lia'UI-TY, n. [L. obliquitas ; Fr. obliquite.] 1. Devi- 
ation from a right line ; deviation from parallelism or per- 
pendicularity. 2. Deviation from moral rectitude. 3. Ir- 
regularity ; deviation from ordinary rules. 

OB-LIT'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. oblitero.] 1. To efface ; to erase 
or blot out any thing written ; or to efface any thing en- 
graved. 2. To efface ; to wear out ; to destroy by time or 
other means. 3. To reduce to a very low or imperceptible 

OB-LIT'ER-A-TED, pp. Effaced ; erased ; worn out. 

OB-LIT'ER-A-TING, ppr. Effacing j wearing out; de- 
stroying. 

OB-LIT-ER-A'TION, n. The act of effacing ; effacement ; 
a blotting out or wearing out 3- extinction. Hale. 

OB-LIV'I-ON, n. [L. oblivio.] 1. Forgetfulness ; cessation 
of remembrance. 2. A forgetting of offenses, or remission 
of punishment. 

OB-LIV'I-OUS, ffi. [Ij. oblivios2is.] L Causing forgetfulness. 
Shak. 2. Forgetful. Cavendish. 

fOB'LO-CU-TOR, n. A gainsayer. Bull. 

OB'LONG, a. [Fr. ; L. oblongus.] Longer than broad. 

OB'IiONG, n. A figure or solid which is longer than it is 
broad. 

OB'LONG-ISH, a. Somewhat oblong. 

OB'LONG LY, adv. In an oblong form. Cheync. 



OB'LONG -JVESS, n. The state of being longer than broad. 

OB'LONG-O VATE, a. In botany, between oblong and 
ovat_e, but inclined to the latter. Martyn. 

OB-Lo'Q.UI-OUS, a. Containing obloquy ; reproachful. 

OB'LO-GtQY, ?i. [Ij. obloquor.] I . Censorious speech ; re- 
proacliful language ; language that casts contempt on men 
or their actions. 2. Cause of reproach ; disgrace ; [obs.] 

0B-LU€-Ta'TI0N, n. [L. obluctor.] A struggling or striv- 
ing against ; resistance ; [little used.] Fotherby. 

OB-MU-TES'CENCE, it. [L. obmutesco.] 1. Loss of speech , 
silence. 2. A keeping silence. 

OB-NOX'IOUS, (ob-nok'shus) a. [L. obnoxius.] L Subject; 
answerable. 2. Liable; subject to cognizance or punish 
ment. 3. Liable ; exposed. 4. Reprehensible ; censura- 
ble ; not approved . Fell. 5. Odious; hateful; offensive 
6. Hurtful ; noxious. 

OB-NOX'IOUS-LY, adv. 1. In a state of subjection or lia 
bility. 2. Reprehensibly ; odiously ; offensively. 

OB-NOX lOUS-NESS, n. 1. Subjection or liableness to pun- 
ishment. 2. Odiousness ; offensiveness. 

0B-Nd'B[-LATE, v. t. [L. obnubilor.] To cloud ; to ob- 

OB-NU-BI-La'TION, 71. The act or operation of making 
dark or obscure. Eeddoes. 

OB'OLE, n. [L. obolus.] In pharmacy, the weight of ten 
grains, or half a scruple. Encyc. 

OB'O-LUS, n. [L.] A small silver coin of Athens, the sixth 
pajt of a drachma, about two cents in value. 

OB-O'VATE, a. In botany, inversely ovate ; having the 
narrov/ end downward. Martyn. 

OB-REP'TION, 71. [L. obrepo.] The act of creeping on with 
secrecy or by surprise. 

OB-REP-Tl"TIOUS, a. Done or obtained by surprise ; with 
secrecy or by concealment of the truth. 

OB-SCeNE', (ob-se5n') a. [Fr. ; L. obsccBuus.] 1. Offensive 
to chastity and delicacy ; impure. 2. Foul ; filthy ; offen- 
sive ;_ disgusting. 3. Inauspicious; ill-omened. Dryden. 

OB-SCeNE'LY, adv. In a manner offensive to chastity or 
purity : impurely ; unchastely. Milton. 

OB-SCeNE'NESS, ) n. [Fr. obscenite ; L. obsccenitas.] 1. 

OB-SCEN'IT Y, \ Impurity in expression or representa- 
tion ; that quality in words or things which presents what 
is offensive to chastity or purity of mind ; ribaldry. 2. 
Unchaste actions ; lewdness. 

OB-SCU-Ra'TION, n. [L. obscuratio.] 1. The act of dark- 
ening. 2. The state of being darkened or obscured. 

OB-S€uRE', a. [L. obscunis.] 1. Dark ; destitute of light. 
2. Living in darkness. 3. Not easily understood ; not ob- 
viously intelligible ; abstruse. 4. Not much known or 
observed ; retired ; remote from observation. 5. Not 
noted ; unknown ; unnoticed ; humble ; mean. 6. Scarce- 
ly legible. 7. Not clear, full or distinct ; imperfect. 

OB-S€uRE', v. t. [L. obscuro.] 1. To darken ; to make 
dark. 2. To cloud ; to make partially dark. 3. To hide 
from the view. 4. To make less visible. 5. To make 
less legible. 6. To make less intelligible. 7. To make 
less glorious, beautiful or illustrious. 8. To conceal; to 
make unknown. 9. To tarnish. 

OB-S€uRE'LY, adv. I. Darkly ; not clearly ; imperfectly. 
2. Out of sight ; in a state not to be noticed ; privately ; in 
retirement ; not conspicuously. 3. Not clearly ; not plain- 
ly to the mind ; darkly. 4. Not plainly ; indirectly ; by 
hints or allusion. 

OB-S€uRE'NESS, or OB-S€u'RI-TY, n. [L. obscuritas.] 
1. Darkness ; want of light. 2. A state of retirement from 
the world ; a state of being unnoticed ; privacy. 3. Dark- 
ness of meaning ; unintelligibleness. 4. Illegibleness. 5 
A state of being unknown to fame ; humble condition. 

OB-S€uR'ER,7i. Whatever or whoever obscures. Lord. 

OB'SE-CRATE, v. t. [L. obsecro.] To beseech ; to entreat ; 
to supplicate ; to pray earnestly. Cockerayn. 

OB-SE-CRa'TION, 71. l.Entreaty; supplication. 2. A figure 
of rhetoric, in which the orator implores the assistance of 
God or man. 

0B'SE-Q.UENT, a. [L. obseque7is.] Obedient ; submissive 
to ; [little 7ised.] Fotherby. 

OB'SE-Q,UiES, 71. plu. [Fr. obseq7ies.] Funeral rites and 
solemnities ; the last duties performed to a deceased per- 
son. [Milton uses the word in the singular, but the com- 
mon_ usage is different.] 

OB-SE'aUI-OUS, a. [L. obsequium.] 1. Promptly obedient 
or submissive to the will of another ; compliant ; yielding 
to the desires of others. 2. Servilely or meanly conde- 
scending ; compliant to excess. 3. Funereal ; pertaining 
to funeral rites ; [obs.] 

OB-SE'aUI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With ready obedience ; with 
prompt compliance. 2. With reverence for the dead ; [obs.] 

OB-SE'aUI-OUS-NESS, 71. 1. Ready obedience ; prompt 
compliance with the orders of a superior. 2. Servile sub- 
mission ; mean or excessive complaisance. 

t OB'SE-aUY, 71. [L. obsequium.] Funeral ceremony ; ob- 
sequiousness ; compliance. B. Jonso7i. 

t OB'SE-RATE, v. t. [L. obsero.] To lock up ; to shut in 
Cockeram. 



■See. Synopsia. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE;— Bl.]LL,UNITB.— €a&K; 6a»J-, S as Z ; CH a-s 9H ; TH as is t/tis. t Obsolete 



OBS 



566 



OBT 



OB-SERV'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be observed or noticed. 
2. Worthy of observation or of particular notice ; remark- 
able. 

OB-SERV'A BLY, adv. In a manner worthy of note. 

OB-SERV'ANCE, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of observing ; the 
act of keeping or adhering to in practice ; performance. 
2. Respect ; ceremonial reverence in practice. 3. Per- 
formance of rites, religious ceremonies or external service. 
4. Rule of practice ; thing to be observed. 5. Observation ; 
attention to ; [little iLsed.] 6. Obedient regard or atten- 
tion ; \_obs.] 

OB-SER-VAND'A, n plu. [L.] Things to be observed. 

UB-SERV'ANT, a. 1. Taking notice ; attentively view^ing 
or noticing. 2. Obedient 5 adhering to in practice. 3 
Carefully attentive ; submissive. 

OB-SERV'ANT, n. 1. A slavish attendant ; [ois.] ShaJc. 

2. A diligent observer. Hooker. 
OB-SER-Va'TION, 01. [L. observatio.] 1. The act of ob- 
serving or taking notice ; the act of seeing or of fixing the 
mind on any thing. 2. Notion gained by observing j the 
effect or result of seeing or taking cognizance in the mind. 

3. Observance ; adherence to in practice ; performance of 
what is prescribed. — 4. In navigation, the taking of the 
altitude of the sun or a star ir. order to find the latitude. 

OB-SER-Va'TOR, n. [Fr. observateur.] 1. One that ob- 
serves or takes notice. Hale. 2. A remarker. 

OB-SERV'A-TO-RY, n. [Fr. observatoire.] A place or 
building for making observations on the heavenly 
bodies. 

OB-SERVE', (ob-zerv') v. t. [L. ohservo.] 1. To see or be- 
hold with some attention ; to notice. 2. To take notice 
or cognizance of by the intellect. 3. To utter or express, 
as a remark, opinion or sentiment ; to remark. 4. To 
keep religiously ; to celebrate. 5. To keep or adhere to 
in practice ; to comply with ; to obey. 6 To practice. 

OB-SERVE', (ob-zerv') v. i. 1. To remark 2. To be at- 
tentive. 

OB-SERV'ED, (ob-zervd') pp. 1. Noticed by the eye or the 
mind. 2. Kept religiou'-ly ; celebrated ; practiced. 

OB-SERV'ER, 71. 1. One who observes ; one that takes no- 
tice ; particularly, one who looks to with care, attention 
or vigilance. 2. A beholder ; a looker on ; a spectator. 
3. One who keeps any law, custom, regulation or rite ; 
one who adheres to any thing in practice ; one who per- 
forms. 4. One who fulfils or performs. 5. One who 
keeps religiously. 

OB-SERV'ING, ppr. 1. Taking notice by the eye or the in- 
tellect. 2. Remarking. 3. Keeping ; adhering to in prac- 
tice ; fulfilling. 4. a. Giving particular attention ; habit- 
ually taking notice ; attentive to what passes. 

OB-SERV'ING-LY, adv. Attentively 5 carefully ; with 
close observation.' ShaJc. 

t OB-SESS', V. t. [L. obsideo, obsessus.] To besiege. 

OB-SESS'ION, n. [L. obsessio.] The act of besieging ; the 
first attack of Satan antecedent to possession [Little used.] 

OB-SID'I-AN, n. A mineral. 

OB-SID'I-O-NAL, a. [L. obsidionalis.] Pertaining to a 
siege. Brown. 

OB-SIG'NATE, v. t. [L. obsigno.'] To seal up ; to ratify. 
[Little used.] Barrow. 

OB-SIG-Na'TION, n. The act of sealing ; ratification by 
sealing; confirmation. Taylor. 

OB-SIG'NA-TO-RY, a. Ratifying ; confirming by sealing. 

OB-SO-LES'CENT, a. [L. obsolesco.] Going out of use ; 
passing into desuetude. Campbell. 

*OB'-SO-LETE, a. [1,. obsoletus.] 1. Gone into disuse ; 
disused ; neglected. Dryden. — 2. In botany, obscure ; not 
very disthict. Eaton. 

*OB-SO-LeTE'NESS, n. 1. The state of being neglected in 
use ; a state of desuetude. — 2. In botany, indistinctness. 

0B'STA-€LE, n. [Fr.] That which opposes ; any thing 
that stands in the way and hinders progress ; hinderance ; 
obstruction. 

fOB'STAN-CY, n. [L. obstantia.] Opposition; impedi- 
ment , obstruction. B. Jonson. 

UB-STET'RI€, a. [L. ohstetriz.] Pertaining to midwifery, 
or the delivery of women in childbed. 

OB-STET'RI-€ATE, v. i. To perform the office of a mid- 
wife. [Little used.] Evelyn. 

0B-STET'RI-€ATE, v. t. To assist as a midwife. [L. u.] 

OB-STET-RI-€a'TION, 7«. 1. The act of assisting as a mid- 
wife. 2. The office of a midwife. 

OB-STE-TRi"CIAN, n. One skilled in the art of assisting 
women in parturition. Med. Repos. 

OB-STET'RI€S, 71. The art of assisting women in parturi- 
tion ; midwifery. Encyc. 

OB'STI-NA-CY, 7?.. [L. obstinatio.] 1. A firm and usually 
unreasonable adherence to an opinion, purpose or system ; 
a fixedness that will not yield to persuasion, arguments 
or other means ; stubbornness ; pertinacity ; persistency. 
2. Fixedness that will not yield to application, or that 
yields with difficulty. 

OB'STI-NATE, a. [L. obstinatus.] 1. Stubborn ; pertina- 
ciously adhering to an opinion or purpose ; fixed firmly in 



resolution; not yielding to reason, arguments or other 
means. 2. Not yielding or not easily subdued or re- 
moved. 

OB'STI-NATE-LY, adv. Stubbornly ; pertinaciously ; with 
fixedness of purpose not to be shaken. 

OB'STI-NATE-NESS, n. Stubbornness ; pertinacity in opin- 
ion or purpose ; fixed determination. Hall. 

OB-STI-Pa'TION, n. [L. obstipo.] 1. The act of stopping 
up, as a passage. — 2. In medicine, costiveness. 

OB-STREP'ER-OUS, a. [L. obstreperus.] Loud ; noisy ; 
clamorous ; vociferous ; making a tumultuous noise. 

OB-STREP'ER-OUS-LY, adv. Loudly ; clamorously ; with 
tumultuous noise. 

OB-STREP'ER-OUS-NESS, n. Loudness ; clamor ; noisy 
turbulence. 

OB-STRI€'TION, n. [L. obstrictiis.] Obligation ; bond. 

OB-STRU€T', V. t. [L. obstruo.] 1. To block up ; to stop 
up or close, as a way or passage ; to fill with obstacles 
2. To stop ; to impede ; to hinder in passing. 3. To re- 
tard ; to interrupt ; to render slow. 

OB-STRU€T'ED, pp. 1. Blocked up ; stopped, as a passage. 
2. Hindered; impeded, as progress. 3. Retarded; inter- 
rupted. 

OB-STRUeT'ER, n. One that obstructs or hmders. 

OB-STRU€T'ING, j^pr. Blocking up ; stopping; impeding j 
interrupting. 

OB-STRU€'TION, n. [L. obstructio.] 1. The act of ob- 
structing. 2. Obstacle ; impediment ; any thing that stops 
or closes a way or channel. 3. That which impedes pro- 
gress ; hinderance. 4. A heap ; [not proper.] Shak. 

OB-STRU€TiIVE, a. [Fi.obstructif.] Presenting obstacles j 
hindering ; causing impediment. Hammond. 

OB-STRU€T'IVE, 72. Obstacle; impediment; [little used.] 

OB'STRU-ENT, a. [L. obstruens.] Blocking up ; hindering. 

OB'STRU-ENT, n. Any thing that obstructs the natural 
passages in the body. Quincy. 

OB-STU-PE-FA€'TION, 7>. [L. nbstupefacio.] The act of 
making stupid or insensible. Sec Stupefactjon. 

OB-STU-PE-FA€'TIVE, a. [L. obstupefacio.] Stupefying; 
rendering insensible, torpid or inert. See Stupefactive. 

t OB-STu'PI-FY, V. t. To render stupid, jlnnot. on Glan- 
ville. 

OB-TaIN', v. t. [L. obtineo.] 1. To get ; to gain ; to pro. 
cure ; to gain possession of a thing ; to acquire. This 
word usually implies exertion to get possession, and in 
this it differs from receive, which may or may not imply 
exertion. It differs from acquire, as genus from species ; 
acquire being properly applied only to things jjermanently 
possessed ; but obtain is applied both to things of tempora- 
ry and of permanent possession. 2. To keep ; to hold. 

OB-TaIN', v. i. 1. To be received in customary or common 
use ; to continue in use ; to be established in practice. 2. 
To be established ; to subsist in nature. 3. To prevail ; to 
succeed ; [little 2ised.] Bacon. 

OB-TaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be obtained ; that may be 
procured or gained. Arbuthnot. 

OB-TaIN'ED, (ob-tand') pp. Gained ; procured ; acquired. 

OB-TaIN'ER, n. One who obtains. 

OB-TaIN'ING, vpr. Gaining ; procuring ; acquiring. 

OB-TaIN'MENT, n. The act of obtaining. Milton. 

t OB-TEM'PER-ATE, v. t. [L. obtempero.] To obey. Diet 

OB-TEND', v. t. [L. obtendo.] J. To oppose ; to hold out 
in opposition. 2. To pretend ; to offer as the reason of 
anv thing ; [obs.] 

OB-f EN-E-ERa'TION, n. [L. ob and tenebra.] A darken- 
ing ; act of darkening; darkness; [little used.] Bacon. 

t OB-TEN'SION, n. The act of obtending. 

OB-TEST', v. t. [L. pbtestor.] To beseech ; to supplicate. 

OB-TEST', v. i. To protest. Waterhouse. 

OB-TES-Ta'TION, n. 1. Supplication ; entreaty, Elyot, 
2. Solemn injunction. Hall. 

OB-TEST'ING, -ppr. Beseeching ; supplicating. 

0B-TRE€-Ta'T10N, 71. [L. obtrectatio.] Slander ; detrac- 
tion ; calumny ; [little ^Lsed.] Barrow. 

OB-TRuDE', v. t. [L. obtrudo.] 1. To thrust in or on ; to 
throw, crowd or thrust into any place. 2. To offer with 
unreasonable importunity ; to urge upon against the will. 
— To obtrude one's self, to enter a place where one is not 
desired ; to thrust one's self in uninvited, or against the 
will of the company. 

OB-TRuDE', v. i. 1. To enter when not invited. 2. To 
thrust or be thrust upon. 

OB-TRuD'ED, pp. Thrust in by force or unsolicited. 

OB-TRUD'ER, n. One who obtrudes. Boyle. 

OB-TRuD'ING, ppr. Thrusting in or on; entering unin- 
vited. 

OB-TRUN'€ATE, V. t. [1.. obtrunco.] To deprive of a limb ; 
to lop ; [little 7ised.] Corkeram. 

OB-TRUN-€a'TION, n. The act of catting off. [L. used.] 

OB-TRU'SION, n. [L, obtrudo.] The act of obtruding ; a 
thrusting upon others by force or unsolicited. 

OB-TRu'SIVE, a. Disposed to obtrude any thing upon oth- 
ers ; inclined to intrude or thrust one's self among others, 
or to enter uninvited. 



Synopsis A, E, I, O, tJ, Y, Zo.no-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— - Obsolete 



occ 



567 



OCT 



OB-TRiJ'SI\T3-LY, adv. By way of obtrusion or thrusting 
upon others, or entering unsolicited. 

C B-TUND', V. t. [L. obtundo.] To dull ; to blunt ; to quell ; 
to deaden ; to reduce the edge, pungency or violent action 
of any thing. 

OB-TU-Ra'TiON, n. [L. obturatus.] The act of stopping by 
spreading over or covering. 

OB'TU-RA-TOR, n. In anatomy, tlie obturators are muscles 
which rise from tJie outer and inner side of the pelvis 
around the foramen thyroideum, and are rotators of the 
thigh. Wistar. 

OB-TuS-ANG'U-LAR, a. {obtuse and angular.'] Having 
angles that are obtuse, or larger than right angles. 

OB-TuSE', a. [L. obtusus.] 1. Blunt ; not pointed or acute. 
Applied to angles, it denotes one that is larger than a right 
angle. 2. Dull ; not having acute sensibility. 3. Not 
sharp or shrill ; dull 5 obscure. 

OB-TuSE'LY, adv. 1, Without a sharp point. 2. Dully ; 
stupidly. 

OB-TUSE'JMESS, n. 1. Bluntness. 2. Dullness ; want of 
quick sensibility. 3. Dullness of sound. 

OB-Tu'SION, 71. 1. The act of making blunt. 2. The state 
of being dulled or blunted. 

OB-UM'BRATE, v. t. [L. obumbro.] To shade ; to darken ; 
to cloud ; [little used.] Howell. 

OB-UM-BRa'TION, 71. The act of darkening. 

t OB-VEN'TION, 71. [L. obveriio.] Something occasional ; 
that which happens not regularly, but incidentally. 

tOB-VERSANT, a. [L. obversan's.] Conversant j familiar. 

OB-VERSE', (ob-vers') a. In botany, having the base nar- 
rower than the top, as a leaf. 

OB' VERSE, n. The face of a coin 3 opposed to reverse. 

OB- VERT', V. t. [L. obvcrto.] To turn towards. 

OB-VERT'ED, pp. Turned towards. 

OB-VERT'ING, ppr. Turning towards. 

OB'VI-ATE, V. t. [Fr. obvier.] i^roperly, to meet in the 
way ; to oppose ; hence, in present usage, to remove, as 
difficulties or objections. 

OB'VI-A-TED, pp. Removed, as objections or difficulties. 

OB'VI-A-TING, ppr. Removing, as objections in reasoning 
or planning. 

OB'VI-OUS, a. [L. obvius.] 1. Meeting ; opposed in front ; 
\_obs.] 2. Open ; exposed ; [Z. w.] 3. Plain ; evident ; 
easily discovered, seen or understood ; readily perceived 
by the eye or the intellect. 

OB'VI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Evidently ; plainly; apparently ; 
manifestly. 2. Naturally. 3. Easily to be found. 

OB'VI-OUS-NESS, 71. State of being plain or evident to the 
eye or the mind. Boyle. 

OB'VO-LUTE, ) a. '[L. obvolutus-] In botany, obvolute 

OB'VO-LU-TED, \ foliation is when the margins of the 
leaves alternately embrace the straight margin of the op- 
posite leaf. 

OC-Ga'SION, n. [L. occasio.] 1. Properly, a falling, hap- 
pening or coming to; an occuiTence, casualty, incident. 
2. Opportunity ; convenience ; favorable time, season or 
circumstances. 3. Accidental cause ; incident, event or 
fact giving rise to something else. 4. Incidental need ; 
casual exigency ; opportunity accompanied with need or 
demand. 

Oe-€A'SION, V. t. [Fr. occasionner .] I. To cause inciden- 
tally ; to cause ; to produce. 2. To 'influence ; to cause. 

OG-Oa'SION-A-BLE, a. That may be caused or occasioned. 
[Little used.] Barrow. 

Oe-€A'SION-AL, a. [Fr. occasionnel.] 1. Incidental ; cas- 
ual ; occurring at times, but not regular or systematic ; 
made or happening as opportunity requires or admits. 2. 
Produced by accident. 3. Produced or made on some 
special event. 

0€-€a'SION-AL-LY, ado. According to incidental exi- 
gence ; at limes, as convenience requires or opportunity 
offisrs ; not regularly. 

OG-Oa'SIONED, pp. Caused incidentally ; caused ; pro- 
duced. 

0€-€a'SION-ER, 71. One that causes or produces, either 
incidentally or otherwise. 

OC-Ca'SION-ING, ppr. Causing incidentally or otherwise. 

0€-€a'SIVE, a. Falling ; descending ; western ; pertain- 
ing to the setting sun. Encyc. 

OC-CE-Ca'TION, n. [L. occaicatio.] The act of making 
blind. [Little jised.] Sanderson. 

OCCI-DENT, n. [L. occidens.] The west ; the western 
quarter of the hemisphere ; so called from the decline or 
fall of the sun. 

0€-CI-DENT'AL, a. [L. occidentalis.] Western ; opposed 
to oriental ; pertaining to the western quarter of the hem- 
isphere. Howell. 

Oe-CID'U-OUS, a. [L. occiduus.] Western. [Little iised.] 

OC-CIPI-TAL, a. [L. occiput.] Pertaining to the back part 
of the head, or to the occiput. 

0€'CI-PUT, n. [L.] The hinder part of the head, or that 
part of the skull which forms the hind part of the head. 

f 0€-CIS'ION, 71. [L- occisio.] A killing; the act of kill- 
ing. 



OC-CLtJOE', V. t. [L. occludo.] To shut up ; to close 

[Little used.] 

Oe-€LuSE', a. [L. occlusus.] Shut ; closed. [L u.} Holder 

0€-€LU'SION, n. [L. occlusio.] A shutting up ; a closing 

OC-CULT', a. [L. occultus.] Hidden from the eye or un- 
derstanding ; invisible ; secret ; unknown ; undiscovered , 
undetected, 

0€-€ITL-Ta'TI0N, n. [L. occultatio.] 1. Abiding; also, 
the time a star or planet is hid from our sight, when 
eclipsed by the interposition of the body of a planet. — 2. In 
flsi7'07ioOT7/, the hiding of a star or planet from our sight, 
by passing behind some other of the heavenly bodies. 

fOe-CULT'ED, a. Hid ; secret. Shah. 

0€-€ULT'NESS, 71. Tlie state of being concealed from, 
view ; secretness. 

OCeU-PAN-CY, n. [L. occupo.] 1. The act of taking pos^ 
session. — 2. In lata, the taking possession of a thing not 
belonging to any person. 

OC'€U-PANT, n. 1. He that occupies or takes possession ; 
he that has possession. — 2. in Law, one that first takes 
possession of that which has no legal owner. 

fOe'CU-PATE, V. t. [L. occupo.] To hold ; to possess ; to 
take up. Bacon. 

Oe-€U-PA'TION, n. [l.. occupatio.] 1. The act of taking 
possession. 2. Possession ; a holding or keeping ; tenure ; 
use. 3. That which engages the time and attention ; em- 
ployment ; business. 4. 'I'he principal business of one's 
life ; vocation ; calling ; trade ; the business which a mail 
followsto procure a living or obtain wealth. 

0€'eU-Pl-Eli, u. 1. One that occupies or takes possession 

2. One who holds possession. 3. One who follows an 
employment. 

OCClJ-PY, V. t. [L. occupo.] 1. To take possession. 2. To 
keep in possession ; to possess ; to hold or keep for use 

3. To take up ; to possess ; to cover or fill. 4. To em - 
ploy ; to use. 5. To employ ; to busy one's self. 6. To 
follow, as business. 7. To use ; to expend ; [obs.] 

0€'eU-PY, V. i. To follow business ; to negotiate. Luke xix 

0€'eU-PY-ING, jjpr- Taking or keeping possession ; em 
ploying. 

0€-€UR', V. i. [L. occurro.] 1. Primarily, to meet ; to strike 
against; to clash; [obs.] 2. To meet or come to the 
mind ; to be presented to the mind, imagination or memo- 
ry. 3. To appear ; to meet the eye ^ to be found here 
and tliere. 4. To oppose ; to obviate ; [06s.] 

Oe-€UR'RENCE, n. [Fr.] 1. Any incident or accidental 
event ; that which happens ivithout being designed or ex- 
pected ; any single event. 2. Occasional presentation. 

tOe-€UR'RENT, n. Incident ; any thing that happens. 

t CCCURSE, u. [L. uccursus.] Meeting. Burton. 

0€-€UR'SION, n. [L. occursio.] A meeting of bodies ; a 

_ clash. Boyle. 

O'CEAN, (oshun) n. [u. oceanus ; Fr. ocean.] 1. The vast 
body of water which covers more than three fifths of the 
surface of the globe, called also the sea, or great sea. 2. 
An immense expanse. 

O'CEAN, (6'shun) a. Pertaining to the main or great sea. 

O-CE-AN'ie, (o-she-an ik) a. Pertaining to the ocean. 

O'CEL-LA-TED, a. [L. ocellatiis.] 1. Resembling an eye. 
2. Formed with the figures of little eyes. 

O'CE-LOT, n. The Mexican panther. 

0€H'I-MY,7i. A mixed base metal. Todd. 

0€II-LOC'RA-CY, n. [Gr. ox^onpaTia.] A form of govern- 
ment in which the multitude or common people rule. 

O'CHRE, ) n. [Fr. ocre ; L. ochra ; Gr. w^pa.] A variety of 

O'CHER, ( clay deeply colored by the oxyd of iron. 

O'€HRE-0US, a. 1. Consisting of ochre. 2. Resembling 
ochre. 

f o'CHP-EY, a. Partaking of ochre. Woodward. 

OCH'RO-ITS, ?i. Cerite. 

O'GRA, 7!._ A viscous vegetable substance. 

OCTACHORD, n. Ail instrument or system of eight 
sounds. Busby. 

OCTA-GON, 7!. [Gr. oktuj and yo}vta.] 1. In geometry, a 
figure of eight sides and eight angles. — 2. In fortification, 
a place with eight bastions. 

OC-TAG'0-NAL, a. Having eight sides and eight angles 

0€-1'A-He'DRAL, a. Having eight equal sides. 

OC-TA-He'DRITE, n. Pyramidical ore of titanium. 

0€-TA-He'DRON, n. [Gr. oktw and i^pa.] In geometry, a 
so'id contained by eight equal and equilateral triangles. 

OCtTAN'DER, 71. [Gr. oktw and avrjp.] In botany, a plant 
having eight stamens. 

OC-TAN'DRI-AN, a. Having eight stamens. 

OC-TAN'GU-LAR, a. [L. octo and angular.] Having eigh< 
angles. 

OC-TAN'GU-LAR-NESS, n. The quality of having eight 
angles. 

OC'TA-TEuCH, n. [Gr. oactw and tevxos.] A name for the 
eight first books of the Old Testament. Diet. 

OCTANT, 71. [L. octans.] In astronomy, that aspect of two 
planets, in which they are distant from each other tho 
eighth part of a circle, or 45°. 



* Sr.e Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.~€ as K : 6 as .T ; J« a.s Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



ODO 



568 



OFF 



0€'TAVE, a. Denoting eight. Dryden, 

0€'TAVE, n. [Fr. ; L. octavus.] 1. The eighth day after a 
festival. 2. Eight days together after a festival. — 3. In 
mask, an eighth, or an interval of seven degrees or twelve 
semitones. 

0€)-Ta ^'O, n. [K octavits.] A book in which a sheet is 
folded into eight leaves. The word is used as a noun or 
an adjective. 

0€!-TEiV'NI-AL, a. [L, ccto and annus.] 1. Happening ev- 
erv eighth year. 2. Lasting eight years. 

(>e TILE, n. The same as octant. 

C»e-To'BER, 7i. [L., from octo, eighth; the eighth month of 
the primitive Eoman year.] The tenth month of the year 
in our calendar. 

C)e-TO-DEC'I-iL\L, a. [L. octo and decern.] In crystalog- 
raphy, designating a crystal whose prisms, or the middle 
part, has eight faces, and the two summits together ten 
faces. 

0€-TO-DEN'TATE, a. Having eight teeth. 

0€'T0-F1D, a. [L. octo and Jiiido.] In botany, cleft or sep- 
arated into eisht segments ; as a calyx. 

0€-T0-GE-Xa1iI-AX, n. One who is eighty years of age. 

* 0€'T0-6E-XA-RY, a. [L. octogenarius.] Of eighty yeare 
of age. 

* O€'T0-6E-NA-RY, n. A person eighty years of age. J. 
Adams. 

Oe-TOG'0-NAIi. The same as octagonal. 

0€-TO-LO€'lJ-LAR, a. [L. octo and loctis.] In botany, ha\- 
inff eight cells for seeds. 

0€ TO-XA-RY, a. [L. octonariu-s.] Belonging to the num- 
ber eight. 

0€~TO-XO€'U-LAR, a. [L. octo and oculus.] Havmg eight 
eyes. Derham. 

OCCtO-PET'A-LOUS, a. [Gr. o/crw and TrgraXov.] Having 
eight petals or flower-leaves. Diet. 

0€-T0-Ra'DI-A-TED, a. [L. octo and radius.] Having 
eight rays. 

0€-T0-SPERM'0US, a. [Gr. oktu) and am^iia.] Contain- 
ing eight seeds. 

0€'T0-STyLE, 71. [Gr. oktio and aTv\os.] In ancient archi- 
tecture, the face of an edifice adorned with eight columns, 
or a range of eislit columns. 

O€-T0-SYL'LA-BLE, a. [L. octo and syllaba.] Consisting 
of eight svUables. 

Oe TU-PLE, a. [L. octuplus.] Eight-fold. Diet. 

0€ U-L-YR, a. [Fr. oculaire ; L. ocularius.] Depending on 
the eye ; known by the eye ; received by actual sighf. 

0€'U-LAR-LY, adv. By the eye, si^ht or actual view. 

0€'U-LATE, a. [L. oculatus.] Furnished with eyes ; 
knowing by the eye. Johnson. 

0€'U-LI-F0R3I, a.'[L. oculus and forma.] In the form of 
an eye ; resembling the eye in form. 

0€'U-LIST, n. [L. oculus.] One skilled in diseases of the 
eyes, or one who professes to cure them. 

0€"U-LUS BELL A semi-pellucid gem, a variety of agate.— 
Oculus cati, cat's eye or asteria, a beautiful gem. 

ODD, a. [Sw. udda.] 1. Xot even ; not divisible into equal 
numbers : as, three, five, &c. '2. Left or remaining after 
the union, estimate or use of even numbers ; or relnain- 
ing after round numbers or any number specified. 3. 
Singular; extraordinary; diiferiu 2 from what is usual; 
strange. 4. Xot noted; unheeded; not taken into the 
common account. 5. Uncommon ; particular. 6. Un- 
common ; in appearance improper. 7. Separate from that 
which is regularly occupied ; remaining unemployed. 

ODD'I-TY, 7i^ 1. Singularity; strangene^ss 2. A singular 
person; 171 colloquial language. 

ODD'LY, adt. 1. Xot evenly; \l.u.] 2. Strangely; un- 
usually ; irregularly- ; singularly ; uncouthlv. 

ODD'XESS, n. 1. The state of being not even. 2. Singu- 
larity ; strangeness ; particularity ; irregidarity ; uncouth- 
ness. 

ODDS, n. [It is used both in the singular and plural.] 1. 
Inequality ; excess of either compared with the other ; 
difference in favor of one and against another. 2. Ad- 
vantage : superiority. 3. Quarrel ; dispute ; debate. — It 
is odds, more likely' than the contrary. South. — ~^t odds, 
in dispute ; at variance ; in controversy or quarrel. Sicift. 

ODE, 7!. [L. ode.] A short poem or song ; a poetical compo- 
sition proper to be set to music or sung ; a Ivric poem. 

foDI-BLE, a. [L. odi.] Hateful. Bole. 

*5DI-0US, a. [1.. odiosus.] 1. Hateful ; deserving hatred. 
2. Offensive to the senses ; disgusting. 3 Causi^ng hate ; 
invidious. 4. Exposed to hatred. 

* o DI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Hatefully ; in a manner to deserve 
or excite hatred. 2. Invidiously ; so as to cause hate. 

» 6'DI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Hatefulness ; the quality that de- 
serves or may excite hatred. 2. The state of being hated. 

* O'DI-UM, 71. [L.] 1. Hatred ; dislike. 2. The quality that 

provokes hatred ; ofFen siren ess. Dryden. 
OD-OX-TAL'6l€, a. [Gr. oSovs and aA/oc] Pertaining to 

the tooth-ache. 
0D-0N-TAL'6I€, 71. A remedy for the tooth-ache. 



OD-ON-TAL'6Y, n. Tooth-ache. 

O'DOR, n. [L.] Smell; scent ; fragrance j a sweet or an 

_ offensive smell ; perfume. Addison. 

ODOR-A-MEXT, n. [L. odor amentum.] A perfume; a 
strong scent. Burton. 

6'DO-RATE, a. [L. odoratus.] Scented; having a strong 

_ scent, fetid or fragrant. Bacon. 

O'DO-RA-TIXG, a. Diffusing odor or scent; fragrant. 

O-DO-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. odoriferus.] 1. Giving scent , 
diffusing fragrance ; fragrant; perfumed; usually, sweet 
of scent. 2. Bearing scent. 

O-DO-RIF'ER-OUS-XESS, n. The quality of diffusing 
scent ; fragrance ; sweetness of scent. 

ODOR-OUS, a. Sweet of scent ; fragrant. Waller. 

0'DOR-OUS-X£SS, n. Iragrance; the quality of diffusing 
sceiit, or of exciting the sensation of smell. 

OE-CO-XOM I-€AL, GE-€OX O-MY, CE-DEM'A-TOUS, 
CE^SOPH'A-GUS. See Economical, Economt, Edem- 
atous, Esophagus. 

*t OE-IL'IAD, (,e-il yad) 71. [Fr. aillade.] A glance ; a wink. 
Shah. 

O'ER, contracted from over, which see. 

OF, (ov) prep. [Sax. of; G. ab ; Sw., Icel., Dan., D. af.] 
From or out of; proceeding from cause, somce, means, 
author or agent bestowing. This preposition has one pri- 
mary sense, ^077?, departing, issuing, proceeding//-o??i, or 
out of, and a derivative sense denoting possession or prop- 
erty. Its primary sense is retained in off, the same word 
difierently written for distinction . But this sense is ap 
propriately lost m many of its applications. 

OFF, a. Most distant; as the o^horse in a team. 

OFF, adv. 1. From, noting distance. 2. From, with the 
action of removmg or separating ; as, to fly off. 3. From, 
noting separation. 4. From, noting departure, abate 
ment, remission or a J'^aving. — 5. In painting, it denotes 
projection or relief. 6. From ; away ; not towards. 7. 
On the opposite side of a question. — Off hand, without 
study or preparation. — Off and on, at one time applying 
and engaged, then absent or remiss. — To be off, in collo- 
quial language, to depart or to recede from an agreement or 
design. — To'come off, to escape, or to fare in the event. — 
To get off. 1. To alight ; to come down. 2. To make 
escape.— To go off. 1. To depart; to desert. 2. To take 
fire ; to be discharged ; as a gun. — Well off, ill off, badly 
off, having good or ill success. 

OFF, prep. 1. ISot on. 2. Distant from. 

OFF, as an exclamation, is a command to depart, eithei 
T\-ith or without contempt or abhorrence. 

OF'FAL, 77. [D. afval.] 1. Waste meat; the parts of an 
animal butchered Avliich are unfit for use or rejected, fe 
Carrion ; coarse meat. 3. Refuse ; that which is thrown 
away as of no value, or fit only for beasts. 4. Any thing 
of no value ; rubbish. 

OF-FEXD, v.t. [L. offendo.] 1. To attack; to assail, 
[obs.] 2. To displease ; to jnake angry ; to afiront. L- 
expresses rather less than make angry, and, without any 
modifying word, it is nearly synonymous with displease 
3. To shock; to wound. 4. To pain; to annoy; to ir 
jure. 5. To transgress : to violate. 6. To disturb, anno> . 
or cause to fall or stumble. 7. To draw to evil, or hinde 
in obedience ; to cause to sin or neglect duty. Mat. v. 

OF-FEXD', V. i 1. To transgress the moral or divine law 
to sin ; to commit a crhne. 2. To cause dislike or anger 
3. To be scandalized. 

0F-FEXD'ED,;;i7. Displeased. 

OF-FEXD'EE, n. One that offends; one that violates any 
law, divine or human ; a criminal ; a trespasser ; a trans- 
gressor ; one that does an injury. 

OF-FEXD'IXG, ;;;7?-. Displeasing; making angry ; causing 
to stumble ; conimittins sin. 

OF-FEXD'RESS, w. A female that offends. Shah. 

OF-FEXSE', (of-fens') 71. [L. offensus.] 1. Displeasure ; an- 
ger, or moderate anger. 2. Scandal; cause of stumbling. 
3. Any transgression of law, divine or human ; a crime ; 
sin; act of wickedness or omission of duty. 4. An inju- 
TY. 5. Attack; assault. 6. Impediment. Matt. xxi. 

t OF-FEXSEFUL, (of-fens'ful) a. Giving displeasure ; in- 
jurious. 

OF-FEXSE'LESS, (of-fensles) a. Unoffending ; innocent ; 
inoffensive. MiUon. 

t OF-FEXS'I-BLE, ff. Hurtful. Cotffrave. 

OF-FEXS'IYE, a. [Fr. offensif.] l.~Causing displeasure or 
some degree of anger; displeasing. 2. Disgusting ; giv- 
ing pain or unpleasant sensations"; disagreeable. 3. In- 
jurious. 5. Assailant ; invading ; used in attack ; mak- 
ing the first attack ; opposed to defensive. A league of- 
fensive and defensive is one that requires both or all 
parties to make war together against a nation, and each 
party to defend the other in case of being attacked. 

OF-FEXS'IYE, 77. The part of attacking. 

OF-FEXS'IVE-LY, adv. 1. In a manner to give displeasure 
2. Injuriously ; mischievously. 3. By way of invasion 
or first attack, 4.' Unpleasantly to the senses. 

OF-FEXS'IVE-NESS, n. 1. The quality that offends (t 



S«e Synopsis, a, E, I, O, t!, ^, long.— FAB., FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARIX'E, BIRD j^ + Obsolete 



OFF 



569 



OLD 



displesases 2. Injiiriousness ; mischief 3 Cause of dis- 
gust. 

iJF'FER,v.t. [li.'cffero.] 1 Literally, totting to or hefore; 
heiice, to present for acceptance or rejection. 2. To pre- 
sent in words ; to proflFer ; to make a proposal to. 3. To 
present, as an act of worship ; to immolate ; to sacrifice ; 
often with itp. 4. To present in prayer or devotion. 5. 
To bid, as a price, reward or wages. 6. To present to 
the view or to the mind. — To offer violence, to assault j 
to attack or commence attack. 

OF'FER, v.i. 1. To present itself; to be at hand. 2. To 
l)resent verbally ; to declare a willingness. 3. To make 
an attempt ; [obs.] 

OF'FER, n. [Fr. offre.] 1. A proposal to be accepted or re- 
jected j presentation to choice. 2. First advance. 3. The 
act of bidding a price, or the sum bid, 4. Attempt; en- 
deavor ; essay ; [nearly obs.] 

OF'FER-A-BLE, a. That may be offered. Mountagu. 

OF'FERED, pp. Presented for acceptance or rejection ; pre- 
sented in worship or devotion ; immola.ted ; bid ; present- 
ed to the eye or the mind. 

OF'FER-ER, n. One that offers ; one that sacrifices or 
dedicates in worship. Hooker. 

OF'FER-ING, ppr. Presenting ; proposing ; sacrificing ; 
bidding ; presenting to the eye or nund. 

OF'FER-ING, 71. That which is presented in divine serv- 
ice ; a sacrifice ; an oblation. 

OF'FER-TO-RY, n. [Fr. offertolre.] 1. The act of offering, or 
the thing offered ; [l.u.] Bacon. 2. Offertory was properly 
an anthem chanted, or a voluntary played on the organ, 
during the offering and a part of the mass, in the Catholic 
church ; but, since the reformation, it denotes certain sen- 
tences in the communion-ofiice, read while the alms are 
collecting. 2. .Anciently, the linen vn which the offering 
was laid. 

f OF'FER-TURE, 71. Offer; proposal. K. Charles. 

OF'FiCE, n. [Fr., L. officium.] 1. A particular duty, charge 
or trust conferred by public authority, and for a public 
purpose ; an employment undertaken by commission or 
authority from government or those who administer it. 
2. A duty, charge or trust of a sacred nature, conferred by 
God himself, 3. Duty or employment of a private nature'. 
4. That which is performed, intended or assigned to be 
done by a particular thing, or that which any thing is fit- 
ted to perform. 5. Business ; particular employment. 6. 
Act of good or ill voluntarily tendered ; usually in a good 
sense. 7. Act of worship. 8. Formulary of devotion. 
9. A house or apartment in which public oificers and 
others transact business. — 10. In arcliitecture, an apart- 
ment appropriated for the necessary business or occasions 
of a palace or nobleman's house. — 11. In the canon late, 
a benefice which has no jurisdiction annexed to it. 12. 
The person or persons intrusted with particular duties of 
a public nature. 

+ OF'FICE, V. t. To perform ; to do ; to dischai-ge. Shak. 

OF'FI-CER, n. A person commissioned or authorized to 
perform any public duty. 

OF'FI-CER, V. t. To furnish with officers ; to appoint offi- 
cers over. Marshall. 

OF'FI-CERED, pp. Furnished with officers. Addison. 

OF-Fl"CIAL, a. [Fr. officiel.] 1. Pertaining to an office or 
public trust. 2. Derived from the proper office or officer, 
or from the proper authority ; made or communicated by 
virtue of authority. 3. Conducive by virtue of appropri- 
ate powers, 

OF-FI"CIAL, 71. An ecclesiastical judge appointed by a 
bishop, chapter, archdeacon, &c., with charge of the spir- 
itual jurisdiction. 

OF-Fi"ClAL-LY, adv. By the proper officer ; by virtue of 
the proper authority ; in pursuance of the special powers 
vested. 

OF-Fi"CIAL-TY, n. The charge or office of an official. 

OF-Fi"CIATE, V. i. 1. To act, as an officer in his office ; 
to transact the appropriate business of an office or public 
trust. 2. To perform the appropriate official duties of an- 
other. 

OF-Fl"CIATE, V. t. To give in consequence of office. 

OF-Fl'CIA-TING, ppr. Performing the appropriate duties 
of an office ; performing the office of another. 

OF-FIC'I-N AL, a. [Fr. ; L. officina.] Used in a shop, or be- 
longing to it, Encyc. 

OF-Fl"CIOUS, a. [L. officiosus.] 1. Kind ; obliging ; doing 
kind offices. 2. Excessively forward in kindness ; im- 
portunately interposing services. 3. Busy ; intermed- 
dling in affairs in which one has no concern. 

OF-Fl"CIOUS-LY, adw. 1. Kindly; with sohcitous care. 

2. With importunate or excessive forwardness. Dryden. 

3. In a busy, meddling manner. 
OF-Fi"CIOUS-NESS, 7t. 1. Eagerness to serve; vsualhi, 

an excess of zeal to serve others, or improper forwardness. 

2. Service ; [little used.] Brown. 
OFF'ING, 71. [from off.] That part of the sea wliich is at a 

good distance from the shore. 
OFF'S€0UR-ING, n. [o#and scour.] That which is scour- 



ed off; hence, refuse; rejected matter; that which is vile 
or despised. 

OFF'SeUM, a. [ojf and scum.l Refuse ; vile. Tran. ofBoc. 

OFF'SET, 71. [o^and set.] t. A shoot ; a sprout from the 
roots of a plant. Locke.— 2. In surveying, a perpendicular 
let fall from the stationary lines to the hedge, fence or ex- 
tremity of an inclosure.— 3. In accounts, a sum, account 
or value set off against another sum or account, as an 
equivalent. O. Wolcott. [This is also written set-off.] 

OFF'SET, V. t. To set one account against another ; to 
make the account of one party pay the demand of an- 
other. Judge Sewall. 

OFF'SPRiNG, 71. [o#and spring.] 1. A child or children , 
a descendant or descendants. 2. Propagation; genera- 
tion. 3. Production of any kind. 

OF-FUS'€ATE, 0F-FUS-€a'TI0N. See Obfuscate, On 

FUSCATION, 

OFF'WARD, adv. Leaning off, as a ship on shore. 

OFT, adv. [Sax. oft.] Often ; frequently ; not rarely. Pope. 

OFT'EN, (of'n) adv.; comp. oftener ; superl. oftentst. 
[Sax. oft.] Frequently ; many times ; not seldom. 

OFT'EN, (of'n) a. Frequent. [Improper.] 

fOFT'EN-NESS, (of'n-nes) 71. Frequency. Hooker. 

OFT'EN-TlMES, (of'n-timz) ado. [often and times.] Fre- 
quentjy ; often ; many times. Hooker. 

OFT'TlMES, adv. Frequently ; often. Milton. 

OG. See Ogee. 

OG-DO-AS'TI€H, n. [Gr. oyhooi and ctlxo?.] A poem of 
eight lines. [Little used.] Selden. 

0-GEE', 71. [Fr. o^ve, augivs.] 1. In architecture, a mold- 
mg consisting of two members. — 2. In gunnery, an orna- 
mental molding. ^ 

fOG-GA-Nr'TION, n. [L. obgannio.] The murmuring of a 
dog ; a grumbling or snarling. 

O'GHAM, n. A particular kind of stenography or writing in 

_ cipher practiced by the Irish. Astle. 

O'GlVE, (o'jiv) n. In architecture, an arch or branch of the 
Gothic vault, which, passing diagonally from one angle to 

_ another, forms a cross with the other arches. 

O'GLE, v. t. [D. oog.] To view with side glances, as in 

_ fondness or with design to attract notice. Dryden. 

O'GLE, n. A side glance or look. Addison. 

O'GLER, n. One that ogles. Addison. 

O'GLING, ppr. 'Viewing with side glances. 

O'GLING, 71. The act of viewing with side glances. 

OG'LI-0, (o'le-o). Now written olio, which see. 

O'GRE, ) 71. [Fr. ogre.] An imaginary monster of the 

O'GKESS, \ East. Ar. J\rights. 

O'GllESS, n. In heraldry, a cannon ball of a black color. 

OH, exclam., denoting surprise, pain, sorrow or anxiety. 

OIL, 71. [Sax. (bI j G. oel ; Fr. huile ; It. olio ; L. oleum. 
An unctuous substance expressed or drawn from several 
animal and vegetable substances. 

OIL, V. t. To smear or rub over with oil ; to lubricate with 
oil ; to anoint with oil. Swift. 

OIL'-BAG, n. A bag, cyst or gland in animals containing 
oil. 

OIL'-C6L-OR, 71. A color made by grinding a coloring sub- 
stance in oil. Boyle. 

OILED, pp. Smeared or anointed with oil. Huloet. 

OIL'ER, 71. One who deals in oils and pickles. 

OIL'-GAS, 71. Inflammable gas procured from oil. 

OIL'I-NESS, 71. The quality of being oily ; unctuousness ; 
greasiness ; a quality approaching that of oil. 

OIL'ING, ppr. Smearing or anointing with oil. 

OIL'MAN, n. One who deals in oils and pickles. 

OIL'-NUT, 7t. The butternut of North America. Carver. 

OIL'-NUT, ) 71. A plant, a species ol rici7ius, the palma 

OIL'-TREE, \ Christi, or castor, from which is procui'ed 
castor-oil. 

OIL'-SHOP, n. A shop where oils and pickles are sold. 

OIL'Y, a. 1. Consisting of oil ; containing oil ; having the 
qualities of oil. Bacon. 2. Resembling oil ; as, an oily 
appearance. 3. Fatty; greasy. \ 

OIL'Y-GRaIN, 77. A plant. 

OIL'Y-PaLM, n. A tree. Miller. 

OlNT,v. t. [Fr. oindrc, oint.] To anoint ; to smear with an 
unctuous substance. Dryde7i. 

OINT'EB, pp. Anointed; smeared with an oily or greasy 
matter. 

OINT'ING, ppr. Anointing. 

OINT'MENT, n. Unguent ; any soft, unctuous substance 
or compound, used for smearing, particularly the body or 
a diseased part. 

OIS'A-NITE, 71. Pyramidical ore of titanium. Ure. 

OKE, n. An Egyptian and Turkish weight. 

O'KER. See Ochre. 

OLD, a. [Sax. eald ; G. alt.] 1. Advanced far in years or 
life ; having lived beyond the middle period, or rather to- 
wards the end of life, or towards the end of the ordinary 
term of living. 2. Havingbeen long made or used ; decayed 
by time. 3. Being of long continuance ; begun long ago. 
4. Having been long made ; not new or fresh. 5. Being 
of a former year's growth ; not of the last crop. 6 An- 



* See Synopsis. M5VE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



OME 



570 



ON 



cient: thai existed in former ages. 7. Of any duration 
wliatever. 8. Subsisting before something else. 9. Long 
practiced. 10. That has been long cultivated. America. 
11. More than enough ; great.— 12. In vulgar language, 
ciaftyj cunning. — Of old, long agoj from ancient times. 
Drydeii. 

OLD'EN, a. Old; ancient. [Used in poetnj.] Shak. 

OLD-FASH'IOXED, a. Formed according to obsolete fash- 

_ ion or custom. Addison. 

OLDISH, a. Somewhat old. Sherwood. 

CLD'XESS, n. 1. Old age ; an advanced state of life or 
existence. 2. The state of being old, or of a long continu- 
ance. 3. Antiquity. 

■j^oLD-SAID, a. Long since said ; reported of old. Spenser. 

oLD'-WIFE, n. 1. A contemptuous name for an old prat- 
ing woman. 1 Tim. iv. 2. A fish. 

0-LE-A6 1-:S'OUS, a. [L. oleaginus.] Having the qualities 
of oil; oily; unctuous. Arbuthnot. 

0-LE-A6'I-X0US-XESS, n. Oiliness. Boyle. 

O-LE-AX'DEH, n. A plant of the genus nerium. 

O-LE-ASTER, n. [L.] A plant ; the wild olive. 

O'LE-ATE, n. A compound of oleic acid with a salifiable 
base. Chevreul. 

O-LEF I-ANT, a. [L. oleo, olfacio.] Olefiant gas is a com- 
pound of one prime of carbon and one of hydrogen. 

0'LE-I€, a. The oleic acid is obtained from a soap made by 
digesting hog's lard in potash lye. 

O-LE-O-S A€'€HA-IIUM, n. A mixture of oil and sugar. 

§'LE-Oti' i '^^ [L. oieosK*] Oily. [Little used.-] Ray. 

OL-E-Ea'CEOUS, a. [L. oleraceus.'] Pertaining to pot- 
herbs ; of the nature or qualities of herbs for cookery. 

OL-FA€T', V. t. [L. olfacto.l To smell ; used in burlesque, 
but not otherwise authorized. Hwdibras. 

OL-FAOT O-RY, G. [1^. olfacio.] Pertaining to smelling; 
having the sense of smelling. Locke. 

OL ID, \ a. [L. olidus.] Fetid; having a strong, disa- 

OL'I-DOUS, \ greeable smell. [Little used.] Boyle. 

SL-lSSIi'LoXL, j ^- Pertaining to oUgarchy. Burke. 

OL'I-GAR-€Hr, 71. [Gr. oX£)/ap;;^ta.] A form of govern- 
ment in which the supreme power is placed in a few 
hands; a species of aristocracy. 

OLL-GIST, } a. [Gr. oAtytCTTo,-,] OZig-J.si iro7i, so called, 

OL-I-GIST'I€, \ is a ciystalized tritoxyd of iron. 

O LI-0, 71. [It.] 1. A mixtui-e ; a medley. 2. A miscella- 
ny ; a collection of various pieces. 

OL'I-TO-RY, a. [L. olitor.] Be'.onging to a kitchen gar- 
den ; as, olitory seeds. Evdyn. 

OL-I-Va'CEOUS, a. [from L. oliva.] Of the color of the 
olive. Pennant. 

OL-I-VAS'TER, ff. [Fi. olivatre.] Of the color of the olive; 
tawny. Bacon. 

OL'lVE, 71. [L. oliva ; Ft. olive.] A plant or tree of the ge- 
nus olea, which is much cultivated in the south of Europe 
for its fruit, from which is expressed the olive oil. The 
emblem of peace. 

DL'lVED, a. Decorated with olive-trees. Warton. 

OL'I-TE-NlTE, 71. An ore of copper. Ure. 

OLIVE- YARD, n. An inclosure or piece of ground in 
which olives are cultivated. Ex. xxiii. 

OLL-VIN, ) 71. A subspecies of prismatic chrysolite, of a 

OL'I-YINE, \ brownish-green. 

OL LA, 77. [Sp.] An olio. B. Jonson. 

0-LYM'PI-AD, n. [L. Ohjmpias ; Gr. oXu/i-mc.] A peri- 
od of four years reckoned from one celebration of the 
Olympic gaines to another ; and constituting an impor- 
tant epoch in history and clironologj'. 

0-LYM PE-.AN', a. Pertainmg to Olympus; or to Olympia, 
a town in Greece. 

O-LYMPie GAMES, or O-LYM'PICS. Solemn games 
among the ancient Greeks, dedicated to Olympian Jupi- 
ter, and celebrated once in four years at Olympia. See 
Olympiad. 

OM'BRE. ) 77. [Fr.] A game at cards, usually plaj'ed bv 

i:)MBER, ) three persons. 

OM-BROME-TER, 71. [Gr. o///3pof and //ETpov.] A machine 
or instrument to measure the quantity of rain that 
tails. 

0-Mk'GA, 71. [Gr. great O.] The name of the last letter of 
the Greek alphabet, as Alpha, A, is the first. Hence, in 
Scripture, Alpha and Ome^a denote the first and the last, 
rhfi beginning and the ertding. Rev. 

OME'LET, (om'let) 71. [Ft. omelette.] A kind of pancake or 
fritter made with eggs and other ingredients. 

C'MEX, 77. [L. omen.] A sign or indication of some future 
event ; a prognostic. 

O'MEXED, a. Containing an omen or prognostic. 

O-MEXT'UM, 77. [L.] In anatomy, the caul or epiploon ; a 
membranaceous covering of the bowels. 

O'ISIER, 71. [Heb.] A Hebrew measure containing ten baths, 



or seventy-five gallons and five pints of liquids, and eight 
bushels of things dry. 

t OM-I-LET'I-€AL, a. Mild ; humane ; friendly. Farindon. 

O^JI'I-NATE, V. t. [L. ominor.] To presage ; to foreshow ; 
tc foretoken. [Little used.] Decay of Piety. 

OMT-NATE, V. i. To foretoken. 

OM-I-Na'TIOX, 71. A foreboding ; a presaging ; prognostic 
[Little used.] Brown. 

OM'I-NOUS, a. [L. ominosus.] 1. Foreboding or presaging 
evil; indicating a future evil event; inauspicious. 2. 
Foreshow^ing or exhibiting signs of good. 

OM'I-NOUS-LY, adv. With good or bad omens. 

OM'I-XOUS-XESS, 71. The quality of being ominous. 

O-MIS'SI-BLE, a. [L. 07777^57^5,] That may be omitted. 

0-MIS'SIOX"^, 71. [Fr. ; L. omissio.] 1. Neglect or failure 
to do something which a person had power to do, or 
which duty required to be done. 2. A leaving out ; neg- 
lect or failure to insert or mention. 

0-MIS'SIV"E, a. Leaving out. Stackhouse. 

0-MIT', V. t. [L. omitto.] 1. To leave, pass by or neglect ; 
to fail or forbear to do or to use. 2. To leave out ; not to 
insert or mention. 

t 0-MIT'T.\ACE, 77. Forbearance ; neglect. Shak. 

0-MIT'TED, pp. Xeglected ; passed by ; left out. 

0-MIT TIXG, ppr. Keglecting or failing to do or use ; pass 
ing by : leaving out. 

OM-XLFa'RI-OUS, a. [Low L. omrdfarius.] Of all varie 
ties, forms or kinds. Bentley. 

OM-XIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. omnifer.] All-bearing ; producing 
all kinds. Diet. 

OM-X^IF'ie, a. [L. 07777775 and /acio.] All-creating. Milton. 

OM'XI-FORM, a. [L. 0777777s and forma.] Having every 
form or shape. Diet. 

0M-XI-F0R]\1'I-TY, 77. The quality of having every form 
Jlore. 

OM-XIG E-XOUS, a. [L. omnigenus.'] Consisting of all 
kinds. Diet. 

OM-XI-PAR'I-TY, 77. [L. 0777777s and par.] General equal 
itv. White. 

OM-XI-PER-CiP'I-EXCE, 77. [L. 0777777s and percipiens.] 
Perception of every thing. Jilore. 

OM-XI-PER-CIPI-EXT, a. Perceiving every thins. 

OM-XIP'0-TEXCE, I n. [L. o77!77t;?ofe?7.9.] 1. Almighty 

OM-X"IP'0-TEX"-CY, \ power ; unlimited or infinite pow- 
er ; a word in strictness applicable only to God. 2. Un- 
limited power over paiticu'ar things. 

OM-X"IP'0-TEi\T, a. 1. Almighty ; possessing unlimited 
power ; all-powerful. 2. Having unlimited power of a 
particular kind. 

OM-XIP'O-TEXT, 77. One of the appellations of the God 
head. 

0:M-XIP'0-TE:\T-LY, atZr. With almighty power. Young 

OM-XI-PRES'EXCE, n. [L. 07777715 and presens.] Presence 
in every place at the same time ; unbounded or universal 
presence ; ubiquity. 

OM-XI-PRES'EXT, a. Present in all places at the same 
time; ubiquitary. 

OM-NI-PRE-SEX'TIAL, a. Implying universal presence. 

OM-XIS'CIEXCE, "(77. [L. o?;i7ii5 and 5C!c?ii7a.] The quali- 

OM-X"IS'CIEX-CY, \ ty of knowing all things at once ; 

1 universal knowledge; knowledge unbounded or infinite. 

OM-XIS'CIEXT, (om-nish ent) a. "Having universal knowl- 
edse, or knowledge of all things ; infinitely knowing. 

t OM'-Mfc'CTOUS, a. [L. omnis and scio.] All-knowing. 

OM'X'I-UM, 77. [L. omnis.] The aggregate of certain por- 
tions of different stocks in the public funds. 

OxM'XI-UM-GATH'ER-UM, 77. A cant term for a miscella- 
neous collection of things or persons. Selden. 

OM-XIVO-ROUS, 77. [L. omnivorv^.] All-devouring ; eat- 
ing every thing indiscriminately. Burke. 

OM'0-PLATE, 77. [Gr. w^oj and TrXaryj.] The shoulder- 
blade or scapula. 

OM'PHA-CIXE, a. [Gr. oiKpaKivog.] Pertaining to er ex 
pressed from unripe fruit. 

CM'PHA-CITE, 77. A mineral of a pale leek-green color. 

OM'PHA-LI€, a. [Gr. op^aXog.] Pertaining to the navel. 

OZ\I-PHAL'0-CELE, 77. [Gr. op^aXos and KrjXr;.] A rupture 
at the navel. Coze. 

OlM'PHA-LOP-TER, ) 7?. [Gr. o/i(/>2Xoj and otttikos.] Anop- 

OM-PHA-LOP'TIC, \ tical glass that is convex on both 
sides ; commonly called a convex lens. 

OM-PHA-LOT'0-MY, 7?. [Gr. o\x<pa\os and te/xt/o).] The 
operation of dividing the navel-string. 

t O'MY, c. Mellow, as land. Ray. 

OX^, prep. [G. an ; D. ca?7 : Goth. a77a.] ]. Being in con 
tact with the surface or upper part of a thing and support 
ed by it ; placed or lying in contact with the siu^ace. 2 
Coming or falling to the surface of any thing. 3. Perform 
ing or acting by contact with the surface, upper part or> 
outside of any thing. 4. Xoting addition. 5. At or near. 
6. It denotes resting for support. 7. At or in the time of 

8. At the time of, with some reference to cause or motive 

9. It is put before the object of some passion, with the 



• See Synopsis A, E, I, O, Z\ ^, long.— F^l{, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PiN, MARtNE, BiRD ;— t Obschfe. 



ONT 



571 



OPE 



stsiise of towards, oi for. 10. At the peril of, or for the 
safety of. 11. Denoting a pledge, or engagement, or put 
before the thing pledged. 12. Noting imprecation or in- 
vocation, or coming to, falling or resting on. 13. In 
consequence of, or unmediately after. 14. Noting part, 
distinction or opposition. 

On the way, on the. road, denote proceeding, traveling, jour- 
neying or making progress. — On the alert, in a state of 
vigilance or activity. — On high, in an elevated place j 
s'lblimely. — On fire, in a state of burning or inflamma- 
tion, and, metaphorically, in a rage or passion. — On a sud- 
den, suddenly. — On the wing, in flight ; flying ; vietaphor- 
ibally, departing. 

ON, adv. 1. Forward, in progression, 2. Forward, in suc- 
cession. 3. In continuance ; without interruption or 
ceasing. 4. Adhering ; not off. 5. Attached to the body. 

OK'A-GEK, n. [L. ] The wild ass. 

O'NAN-ISjVI, 71. [from Ona/i, in Scripture.] The crime of 
self-pollution. 

ONCE, (wuns) adv. [from ojie. So D eens, from ee7i, and 
G. einst, from ein, one.] 1. One time. 2. One time,, 
though no more. 3. At one former time ; formerly. 4. 
At the same point of time ; not graduaUy.— ^t once, at the 
same time. — Once is used as a noun, when preceded by 
this or that ; as, this once,- that once. 

ONCE, (ons) n. [Fr.] A quadruped of the genxisfelis. 

ONE, (wun) a. [Sax. an, cen ; D. een ; G. ein ; Sw. en ; Dan. 
en, or een : Ice. einn ; W. uv, or yn ; L. unus ; Gr. ev ; 
It., Sp. 2ino ; Port, hum; Fr. M7i; Arm. mian : Ir. an, 
aon.] 1. Single in number; individual. — 2. Indefinitely, 
some or any. 3. It follows any. 4. Different ; diverse ; 
opposed to another. 5. It is used with another, to denote 
mutuality or reciprocation. 6. It is used with another, to 
denote average or mean proportion. 7. One of two ; op- 
posed to other. 8. Single by union ; undivided; the same. 
9. Single in kind ; the same. — it one, in union ; in agree- 
ment 3 or concord. — In one, in union ; in one united body. 
— One, like many other adjectives, is used without a 
noun, and is to be considered as a substitute for some 
noun understood ; as, let the men depart one by one ; count 
them one by one : every one has his peculiar habits. — In 
this use, as a substitute, one may be plural ; as, the great 
ones of the earth. — One o^clock, one hour of the clock, that 
is, as signified or represented by the clock. — One is used 
indefinitely for any person; as, one sees; one knows; 
after the French manner, on voit. 

ONE'-BER-RY, (wun'-ber-ry) n. A plant, true love. 

ONE'EyED, (wun'ide) a. Having one eye only. Dryden. 

O-NEi-RO-CRIT'ie, 71. [Gr. oveipoKpiTiKo?-] An interpreter 
of dreams; one who judges what is signilied by dreams. 

O-NEl-RO-CRIT'ieS, n. The art of interpreting dreams. 

0-NEl-RO-€RIT'I€, 0-NEl-RO-€RIT'I-€AL, or O-XI- 
EO-€RIT'ie, a. Having the power of interpreting 
dreams, or pretending to judge of future events signified 
by dreams. 

O-NEI-RDINI'AN-CY, 71. [Gr. oveipov and ixavreia.] Divina- 
tion by dreams. Spenser. 

fONE'MENT, (wun'ment) n. State of being one. 

ONE'NESS, (wun'nes) n. Singleness in number ; individ- 
uality ; unity ; the quality of being one. 

0N'£R-A-RY, a. [L. onerariiis.] Fitted or intended for the 
carriage of burdens ; comprising a burden. 

ON'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. onero.l To load ; to burden. 

ON-ER-a'TION, n. The act of loading. 

ON'ER-OUS, a. [L. onerosus.] 1. Burdensome ; oppressive. 
— 2. In Scots law, being for the advantage of both parties. 

ON'ION, (un'yun) n. [Fr. ognon.] A plant of the genus 
allium; and, particularly, its bulbous root. 

ON KOT'O-MY, n. [Gr. oyKog and teixvui.] In surgery, the 
opening of a tumor or abscess. Encyc. 

QN'LY, a. [Sax. mnlic] 1. Single ; one alone. 2. This and 

_ no other. 3. This above all others. 

ON'LY, adv. 1. Singly ; merely ; barely ; in one manner 
or for one purpose alone. 2. This and no other wise. 3. 
Singly; without more. 

ON'O-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. ovofia and iiavreia.] Divination by 
the letters of a name. Camden. 

ON-O-MAN'Tie, ) a. Predicting by names, or the let- 

ON-O-MAN'TI-CAL, \ ters composing names. Camden. 

ON'O-MA-TOPE, ) 71. [Gv. ovojiaronoca.'] J. In grammar 

ON'O-MA-TO-PY, i and rhetoric, a figure in which 
words are formed to resemble the sound made by the 
thing signified. 2. A word whose sound corresponds to 
the sound of the thing signified. 

ONSET, 71. [on and set.] 1. A rushing or setting upon; a 
violent attack ; assault ; a storming ; the assault of an 
armv upon an enemy. 2. An attack of any kind. 

fON'S'ET, v.t. To assault; to begin. Carezo. 

ON'SLAUGHT, (on'slaut) n. [on and slay.] Attack ; storm ; 
onset. Hudibras. 

ON'STEAD, n. A single farm-house. Orose. 

ON-TO-LOG'I€, )a. Pertaining to the science of being 

0N-T0-L06'I-eAL, j in general and its affections. 



0N-T0L'0-<5IST, n. One who treats of or considers the 
nature and qualities of being in general. 

0N-T0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. ovra, from £t/xt and \oyog.] That 
part of the science of metaphysics which investigates and 
explains the nature and essence of all beings. 

ON'VVARD, or ON'WARDS, c^v. [Sax. ondward, and- 
weard.] ]. Toward the point before or in front ; forward ; 
progressively ; in advance. 2. In a state of advanced pro- 
gression. 3. A little further or forward. 

ON'WARD, a. 1. Advanced or advancing. 2. Increased , 
improved. 3. Conducting ; leading forward to perfection 

ON'Y-€HA, n. [from Gr. ovi<^.] Supposed to be the odor- 
iferous shell of the onyx fish, or the onyx. 

O'NYX, n. [Gr. ovv^ ; L. onyz.] A semi-pellucid gem with 
variously colored zones or veins, a variety of chalcedony. 

O'O-LITE, n. [Gr. wov and 'XiQog.] Egg-stone. 

OOZE, (ooz) V. i. [Sax. icaes, water.j To flow gently ; to 
percolate, as a liquid through the pores of a substance, 
or through small openings. 

OOZE, n. 1. Soft mud or slime ; earth so wet as to flow 
gently or easily yield to pressure, 2. Soft flow ; spring 
3. The liquor of a tan-vat. 

OOZ'ING, ppr. Flowing gently ; percolating. 

OOZ'Y, a. Miry ; containmg soft mud ; resembling ooze. 
Pope. 

1 0'PA-€ATE, or 0-Pa'€ATE, v. t. [L. opaco.] To shade ; 
to darken ; to ibscure ; to cloud. Boyle. 

0-PAC'I-TY, 71. [L. opacitas.] 1. Opaqueness; the quality 
of a body which renders it impervious to the rays of light ; 
want of transparency. 2. Darkness ; obscurity. 

O-Pa'COUS, a. [L, opacus.] 1, Not pervious to the rays of 
light ■. not transparent. 2. Dark ; obscure. See Opaque 

0-Pa'€OUS-NESS, ?i. Imperviousness to light. Evelyn. 

O'PAH, ?/,. A fish of a large kind. 

O'PAL, 71. [L. opalus, or opalum.] A beautiful stone of th«s 
silicious genus, and of several varieties. 

0-PAL-ES'CENUE, 71. A colored shining lustre reflected 
from a single spot in a mineral. 

O-PAL-ES'CEIST, a. Resembling opal ; reflecting a colored 
lustre from a single spot. Kirwan. 

O'PAL-INE, a. Pertaining to or like opal. 

O'PAL-iZE, V. t. To make to resemble opeil. 

O-PaOUE', ) a. [L. opacus ; Fr. opaque.] 1. Impervious 

0-PaKE' , ) to the rays of light ; not transparent. 2 
Dark ; obscure. 

0-PaQ.UE'NESS, n. The quality of being impervious to 
light; want of tranjparency ; opacity. 

t OPE, a. Open, 

OPE, T. t. and i. To open ,• used only in poetry. 

O'PEN, (6'pn) a. [Sax., D. opm ; G. offen.] 1. Unclosed , 
not shut. 2. Spread ; expanded. 3. Unsealed, 4, Not 
shut or fast. 5. Not covered. 6 Not covered with trees ; 
clear. 7. Not stopped. 8. Not fenced or obstructed, 9. 
Not frosty ; vv^armer than usual ; not freezing severely. 
10. Public ; before a court and its suitors. 11. Admitting 
all persons without restraint ; free to all comers. 12. Cleat 
of ice. 13. Plain ; apparent ; evident ; public ; not secret 
or concealed. 14. Not wearing disguise ; frank ; sincere ; 
unreserved ; candid ; artless. 15. Not clouded ; not con- 
tracted or frowning; having an air of frankness and sin- 
cerity. 16. Not hidden ; exposed to view. 17. Ready to 
hear or receive what is offered. 18. Free to be employed 
for redress ; not restrained or denied ; not precluding any 
person. 19, Exposed ; not protected ; without defense. 
20. Attentive ; employed ui inspection. 21. Clear; unob- 
structed. 22. Unsettled ; not balanced or closed. 23, Not 
closed ; free to be debated. — 24. In music, an open note is 
that which a string is tuned to produce. 

O'PEN, (o'pn) V. t. [Sax. openian ; D. vpenen.] 1. To un- 
close ; to unbar; to unlock; to remove any fasteninc; or 
cover and set open. 2, To break the seal of a letter ui;.! 
unfold it, 3. To separate parts that are close, 4. To re- 
move a covering from. 5. To cut through ; to perforate ; 
to lance, G. To break; to divide; to split or rend. V. 
To clear; to make by removing obstructions, 8. To 
spread ; to expand. 9. To unstop. 10. To begin ; to 
make the first exhibition. 11. To show ; to bring to view 
or knowledge. 12. To interpret ; to explain. 13. To 
reveal ; to disclose. 14. To make liberal. 15. To make 
the first discharge of artillery. 16. To enter on or begin 
17. To begin to see by the removal of something that in ■ 
tercepted the view. 

O'PEN, (o'pn) V. i. 1. Tp unclose itself; to be unclosed j 
to be parted. 2. To begin to appear. 3. To commence ; 
to begin. 4. To bark ; a term in hunting. 

O'PENED, (o'pnd) pp. Unclosed ; unbarred ; unsealed ; un- 
covered ; revealed ; disclosed ; made plain ; freed from ob- 

_ struction, 

O'PEN-ER, (o'pn-er) n. 1. One that opens or removes any 
fastening or covering. 2. One that explains ; an inter 
preter. 3. That which separates ; that which rends. 4 
An aperient in medicine, 

O'PEN-E^ED, (6'pn-ide) a. Watchful ; vigilant. 



• Ses Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE,— €asK ; 6as J ; SasZ ; CHas SH ; THasinthis. f Obsolete 



OPH 



572 



OPP 



CPEN-HAND-ED, (o'pn-hand-ed) a. Generous; liberal; 

_ munificent. Rowe. 

O'PEN-HEAD-ED, a. Bare-headed. Chaucer. 

OTEN^HEART-ED, (o'pn-hart-ed) a. Candid ; frank ; gen- 

_ erous. 

O'PEN-JHEaRT-ED-LY, adv. With frankness; without 
reserve. CJi. Relig. Appeal. 

O'PEN-HEART-ED-NESS, n. Frankness ; candor ; eincer- 

_ ity ; munificence ; generosity. Johnson. 

O'PEN-ING, (5'pn-iDg) ppr. Unclosing; unsealing; uneov- 

_ ering ; revealing ; interpreting. 

O'PEN-ING, (o'pn-jjig) n. 1. A breach ; an aperture ; a 
hole or perforation. 2. A place admitting entrance ; as a 
bay or creek. 3. Dawn ; first appearance or visibleness. 

O'PEN-LY, (6'pn-ly) adv. 1, Publicly ; not in private ; 
without secrecy. 2. Plainly ; evidently ; without re- 

_ serve or disguise. 

O' PEN-MOUTHED, a. Greedy; ravenous; clamorous. 
L^ Estrange. 

O'PEN-NESS, (o'pn-nes) n. 1. Freedom from covering or 
obstruction. 2. Plainness ; clearness ; freedom from 
obscurity or ambiguity. 3. Freedom from disguise ; unre- 
servedness ; plainness. 4. Expression of frankness or 
candor. 5. Unusual mildness ; freedom from snow and 
frost. 

OP'E-RA, n. [It., Sp., Fr., from L. opera.'] A dramatic com- 
position set to music and sung on the stage, accompanied 
with musical instruments, and enriched with magnificent 
dresses, machines, dancing, &c. 

t OP'ER-A-BLE, a. Practicable. Brown. 

fOP'ER-ANT, a. Having power to produce an efiect. 

OP'ER-ATE, V. i. [L. operor ; Sp. operar ; Fr. operer.l 1. 
To act ; to exert power or strength, physical or mechan- 
ical. 2. To act or produce effect on the mind ; to exert 
moral power or influence. — 3. In surgery, to perform some 
manual act in a methodical manner upon a human body, 
and usually with instruments, with a view to restore 
soundness or health ; as in amputation, lithotomy and the 
like. 4. To act; to have agency; to produce any efiect. 

OP'ER-ATE, V. t. To efiect ; to produce by agency. Ham- 
ilton. [JVTjt well authorized.] 

OP-ER-AT'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to the opera. Busby. 

OF'ER-A-TLNG, ppr. Acting; exerting agency or power; 
performing some manual act in surgery. 

OP-ER-A'TION, n. [L. operatio.] 1. The act or process of 
operating ; agency ; the exertion of power, physical, me- 
chanical or moral. 2. Action ; effect. 3. Process ; man- 
ipulation ; series of acts in experiments. — 4. In surgery, 
any methodical action of the hand, or of the hand with 
instruments, on the human body, with a view to heal a 
part diseased, fractm-ed or dislocated, as in amputation, 
&c. 5. Action or movements of an army or fleet. 6. 
Movements of machinery. 7. Movements of any phys- 
ical body. 

OP EE-A-TlVE, a. 1. Having the power of acting ; exert- 
ing force, physical or moral ; having or exerting agency ; 
active in the production of effects. 2. Efficacious ; pro- 
tiucing the efiiect. 

OPER-A-TOR, 71. 1. He or that which operates; he or 
that which produces an effect. — 2. In siirgery, the person 
wlio performs some act upon the human body by means of 
the hand, or with instruments. 

O-PER'eU-LATE, \ a. [L. oTJercuZctu^.] In Sotawy, hav- 

O-PER'CU-LA-TED, \ ing a lid or cover, as a capsule. 

O-PER'eU-LI-FORM, a. [1,. operculum dcaA form.] Having 
the form of a lid or cover. 

OP-ER-oSE', a. [L. operosus.] Laborious ; attended with 
labor ; tedious. Burnet. 

OP-ER-oSE'NESS, 71. The state of being laborious. 

r^OP-ER-OS'I-TY, n. Operation ; action. Bp. Hall. 

OPE'TlDE, 71. [ope and tide.] The ancient time of mar- 
riage, from Epiphany to Ash-Wednesday. Bp. Hall 

O-PHID'I-AN, a. [Gr. o(l>Li.] Pertaining to serpents. 

O-PHID'I-ON, n. [Gr. from o^t?.] A fish. 

0-PHlIo-L06'r-€AL, i ""■ Pertaining to ophiology. 

O-PHI-OL'0-GIST, n. One versed in the natural history of 
serpents. 

O-PHI-0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. o(pi5 and \0y05.] That part of 
natural history which treats of serpents, or which arranges 
rind describes the several kinds. 

0-FHI-OM AN-CY, n. [Gr. ocpig and nav-eia.] In antiquity, 
the art of divining or predicting events by serpents. 

U-riII-0-M0RPH'6uS, a. [Gr. ocpis and nop^n.] Having 
the form of a serpent. Ray. 

O-PHI-OPH'A-GOUS, a. [Gr. o0£g and 0ayw.] Eating or 
feeding on serpents. Brown. 

n'PHITE, a. [Gr. o^t?.] Pertaining to a serpent. 

O'PHITE, 71. [Gr. o(pi.Trii.] Green porphyry, or serpentine. 

OPH-I-U'€HUS, 71. [Gr. o^iov)(Oi.] A constellation in the 
northern hemisphere. Milton. 

* OPH-THAL'Mie, a. Pertaining to the eye. 

* OPH-THAL-MOS'€0-PY, 71. [Gr. o^SaX/zof and a/co-eaj.] A 



branch of physiognomy which deduces the knowledge of a 
man's temper and manner from the appearance of the eyes 

*OPH'THAL-MY, n. [Gr. oq>Qa\iiLa.] A disease of the 

_ eyes ; an inflammation of the eye or its appendages. 

O'PI-ATE, 71. [from opium.] 1. Primarily, a medicine of a 
thicker consistence than sirup, prepared with opium. 2 
Any medicine that has the quality of inducing sleep or 
repose; a narcotic. 3. That which induces rest or inac- 

_ tion ; that which quiets uneasiness. 

O'PI-ATE, a. I. Inducing sleep ; soporiferousness ; somnif- 
erous ;^ narcotic. 2. Causing rest or inaction. 

t OP'I-FlCE, n. [L. opificium.] WorltmEmship ; handywork 

f O-PIF'I-CER, 7i. [L. opifez.] One who performs any work 
Bentley. 

1 0-PlN'A-BLE, a. [L. opinor.] That may be thought 

t OP-I-Na'TION, 71. Act of thinking ; opinion. Diet. 

1 0-PIN'A-TlVE, a. Stifi" in opinion. Burton. 

I OP-1-Na'TOR, 71. One fond of his own opinions ; one w1k> 
holds an opinion. Glanville. 

O-PlNE', V. i. [L. opinor.] To think ; to suppose. South. 
0-PlN'ED, (o-pindi) pp. Thought; conceived. 
0-PlN'ER, n. One who thinks or holds an opinion. 
O-PIN-IAS'TRE, t O-PIN-IAS'TROUS, or f O-PIN-Ia'- 
TRE, a. [Fr. opiniatre.] Unduly attached to one's own 
opinion, or stiff" in adhering to it. Raleigh. 

f 0-PIN'IATE, V. t. To mauatain one's opinion with obsti- 
nacj'. Barrow. 

O-PIN'IA-TED, a. Unduly attached to one's own opinions. 

0-PIN'IA-TiVE, a. 1. Very stiff' in adherence to precon- 
ceived notions. 2. Imagined ; not proved. 

0-PIN'IA-TiVE-NESS, n. Undue stiff^ness in opinion. 

t O-PIJV-Ia'TOR, 7t. One unduly attached to his own opinion 

* t 0-PIX-lA'TRE, a. Stiff" in opinion; obstinate. Barrow. 

0-PIN-lA'TRE, 71. One fond of his own notions. Bar- 
row. 

t O-PIN-lA'TRE-TY, or f O-Pm'IA-TRY, n. Unreasonable 
attachment to one's own notions; obstinacy in opin- 
ions. Brown. 

1 0-PlN'ING, ppr. Thmking. 

fO-PlN'lNG, 71. Opinion ; notion. Taylor. 

O-PIN'ION, (o-pin'yun) n. [Fr. ; L. opinio.] 1. The judg- 
ment which the minu forms of any proposition, statement, 
theory or event, the truth or falsehood of which is sup- 
ported by a degree of evidence that renders it probable, 
but does not produce absolute kuowledge or certainty. 
2. The judgment or sentiments which the mind forms of 
persons or their qualities. 3. Settled judgment or persua- 
sion. 4. Favorable judgment ; estimation. 

t O-PIN'ION, r. f. To think. Brown. 

0-Pf N'lON-ATE, 1 a. Stiff" in opinion ; finnly or unduly 

O-PIN'ION -A-TED, J adhering to one's own opinion ; ob- 
stinate in opinion. 

0-PIN'ION-ATE-LY, fldz). Obstinately; conceitedly. 

0-PIN'ION-A-TiVE, a. Fond of preconceived notions; 
unduly attached to one's own opinions. Burnet. 

0-PIN'ION-A-TiV£-LY, adv. With undue fondness for 
one's own opinions ; stubbornly. 

O-PIN'ION- A-TiVE-NESS, 7i. Excessive attachment to 
one's own opinions ; obstinacy m opinion. 

0-PIN'IONED, a. Attached to particular opinions; con- 
ceited. South, 

0-PIN'ION-IST, 71. One fond of his own notions, or one 
unduly attached to his own opinions. Glanville. 

fO-PIPA-ROUS, ffl. [h. opiparus.] Sumptuous. Diet 

t 0-PIP'A-ROUS-LY, adv. Sumptuously; abundantly. 

0-PIS'THO-DOME, n. [Gr. o-iadm and 5o/^oj.] In Greece, 
a part or place in the back part of a house. 

t O-PIT-U-La'TION, 71. [L. opitulatio.] An aiding ; a help- 
ing. 

OTl-UM, 7!. [L. opium.] Opium is the inspissated juice of 
the capsules of the papaver somniferum, or somniferous 
white poppv with which the fields in Asia jNlinor are sown. 

t o'PLE-TREE, 7£. [L. opulus.] The witch-hazel. 

O-PO-BAL'SAM, n. [L.] The balm or balsam of Gilead. 

OP-0-DEL'DOe, 71. 1. The name of a plaster. 2. A sapo- 
naceous camphorated liniment. J\''icholson. 

O-PO'PA-N.IX, n. [L.l A gum-resin. 

O-POS'SUM, n. A quadruped of the genus didelphis. 

OP PI-DAN, 71. [L. oppidanus.] 1. An inhabitant of a town , 
[not used.] 2. An appellation given to the students of 
Eton school in England. 

t OP'PI-DAN, a. Pertaining to a town. Howell. 

t OP-PIG 'NER- ATE, v. t. [L. oppignero.] To pledge ; to 
pawn. Bacon. 

OP'PI-LATE, v. t. [L. oppilo.] To crowd together ; to fill 
with obstructions. 

OP-PI-La'TION, n. The act of filling or crowding together ; 
a stopping by redundant matter. Harvey. 

OP'PI-LA-TlVE, a. [Fr. oppilatif.] Obstmctive. 

t OP-PLeT'ED, a. [L. oppletusA FiUed ; crowded. 

t OP-PoNE', V. t. [L. oppono.] To oppose. B. Jonson. 

OP-Po'NEN-CY, 71. The opening of an academical disputa- 
tion ; the proposition of objections to a tenet ; an exercise 
for a degree. Todd. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, f long.—FKB., FALL, WH>A.T :— PRgY ;— PIN, MARJNE, BIRD] 



t Obsolete 



OPP 



573 



ORA 



OP-Po'NENT, a. [L. opponeTis.} That opposes; opposite; 
adverse. Prior, 

OP-PO'XEXT, 71. One that opposes ; particularly, one that 
opposes in controversy, disputation or argument. It is 
correlative to defendant or respondent. Opponent may 
sometimes be used for adversary, and for antagonist, but 
not with strict propriety, as the word does not necessarily 
imply enmity nor bodily strife. Nor is it well used in the 
sense of rival or competitor. 

OP-POR-TuNE', a. [L. opportunus.] Present at a proper 
time ; seasonable ; timely ; well-timed. 

t OP-POR-TuNE', V. t. To suit. Br. Clarice. 

OP-POR-TuNE'LY, adv. Seasonably ; at a time favorable 
for f he purpose. 

OP-POR-Tu'NI-T^, n. [L. opportunitas.] 1. Fit or con- 
venient time ; a time favorable for the purpose ; suitaWe 
time combined with other favorable circumstances. 2. 
Convenient means. 

t OP-Po'SAL, rt. Opposition. Herbert. 

OP-PoSE', V. t. [Ft. opposer.] 1. To set against : to put in 
opposition, with a view to counterbalance or countervail, 
and thus to hinder, defeat, destroy or prevent effect. 2. 
To act against ; to resist, either by pliysical means, by ar- 
guments or other means. 3. To check ; to resist effectu- 
ally. 4. To place in front ; to set opposite. 5. To act 
against, as a competitor. 

OP-PoSE', v.i. 1. To act adversely ; [obs.] Shak. 2. To 
object or act against in controversy. 

OP-PoS'ED, (op-pozd') pp. 1. Set in opposition ; resisted. 
2. a. Being in opposition in principle or in act ; adverse. 
Jay. 

t OP-PoSE'LESS, a. Not to be opposed ; irresistible. 

OP-PoS'ER, 7!. 1. One that opposes ; an opponent in party, 
in principle, in controversy or argument. 2. One who 
acts in opposition ; one who resists. 3. An antagonist ; 
an adversary ; an enemy ; a rival. 

OP'PO-SiTE, a. [Ft. ; L. oppositus.] 1. Standmg or situ- 
ated in front ; facing. 2. Adverse ; repugnant. 3. Con- 
trary. — 4. In botany, growing in paii-s, each pair decus- 
sated or crossing that above and below it. 

OPTO-SiTE, n. 1. An opponent; an adversary ; an enemy ; 
an antagonist. 2. 'That which is opposed or contrary. 

OP'PO-SlTE-LY, adv. 1. In front; in a situation to face 
each other. 2. Adversely ; against each other. 

OP'PO-SlTE-NESS, 71. The state of being opposite or con- 
trary. 

OP-POS-I-TI-FO'LI-OUS, a. {1j. oppositus SJiA foliuin.'] In 
botany, opposite to the leaf. Lee. 

OP-PO-Si'TION, n. [L. oppositio.'] I. Situation so as to 
front something else ; a standing over against. 2. The 
act of opposing ; attempt to check, restrain or defeat. 3. 
Obstacle. 4. Resistance. 5. Contrariety ; repugnance in 
principle. 6. Contrariety of interests, 'measures or de- 
signs. 7. Contrariety or diversity of meaning. 8. Con- 
tradiction ; inconsistency. 9. The collective body of op- 
posers ; the party that opposes.— 10. Jn astronomy, the 
situation of two heavenly bodies, when distant from each 
other 180 desrees. 

OP-PO-Sl'TION-IST, 71. One that belongs to the party op- 
posing the administration. 

OP-PO?'I-TlVE, a. That may be put in opposition. 

OP-PRESS', V. t. [Fr. oppresser : L. oppressus.] ]. To load 
or burden with unreasonable impositions ; to treat with 
unjust severity, rigor or hardship. 2. To overpower ; to 
overburden. 3. To sit or lie heavy on. 

OP-PRESS'ED, (op-presf) ]ip. Burdened with unreasonable 
impositions ; overpowered ; overburdened ; depressed. 

OP-PRESS ING, ppr. Overburdening. 

OP-PRES'SION, 7!. 1. The act of oppressing ; the imposi- 
tion of unreasonable burdens, either in taxes or services ; 
cruelty ; severity. 2. The state of being oppressed or 
overburdened ; misery. 3. Hardship ; calamity. 4. De- 
pression ; dullness of spirits ; lassitude of body. 5. A 
sense of heaviness or weight in the breast, &c. 

OP-PRESS'IVE, a. 1. Unreasonably burdensome ; unjustly 
severe. 2. Tyrannical. 3. Heavy; overpowering ; over- 
whelming. 

OP-PRESS'IVE-LY_, adv. In a manner to oppress ; with un- 
reasonable severitv. Burke. 

OP-PRESS'IVE-NESS, n. The quality of being oppress- 
ive. 

OP-PRESS'OR, 71. One that oppresses ; one that imposes 
unjust burdens on others : one that harasses others with 
unjust laws or unreasonable severity. 

OP-PRo BRI-OUS, a. [See OppROBRirM.] 1. Reproachful 
and contemptuous ; scurrilous. 2. Blasted with infcuny ; 
despised : rendered hateful. Milton. 

OP-PRO BRI-OUS-LY, adv. With reproach mingled with 
contempt ; scurrilouslv. Shak. 

OP-PRO'BRI-OUS-NESS, n. Reproachfulness mingled with 
contempt ; scurrility. 

OP-PRo'BRI-UM, n. [L. oh and pro&T-wm.] Reproach min- 
gled with contempt or disdain. 

OP'PRO-BRY, n. Opprobrium. Johnson. 



OP-PCGN', (op-puue') v. t. [L. oppugnc] To attack ; to 

oppose ; to resist. 
OP-PUG NAX-CY, 77. Opposifion ; resistance. Shak. 
OP-PUG'NANT, a. Resisting ; opposing ; repugnant. 
OP-PUG-Na'TION, 71. Opposition; resistance. Hall. 
OP-PrGN'ED, (op-pund') j:)p. Opposed; resisted. 

* OP-PuGN'ER, (op-pun'er) n. One who opposes or attacks : 
that^ which opposes. Boyle. 

OP-PdGN ING, (op-pun'ing)^r. Attacking; opposing. 

OP-SIM'A-THY, 71. \Gt. o^niaeaa.'] Late education ; edu- 
cation late in life. [Little used.] Hales. 

t OP-SO-Na'TION, 71. [L. obsono..] A catering ; a buying ot 
provisions. Diet. 

fOP'TA-BLE, a. [L. optaMlis.] Desirable. 

f OP'TATE, V. t. [L. opto.] To choose ; to wish for ; to de- 
sire. Cotgrave. 

OP-Ta'TION, 77. [1,. optatio.] A desiring. Peacham. 

* OP'TA-TIVE, a. [L. optativus.] Expressing desire or wish 

The optative mode, in grammar, is that form of the verb 
in which wish or desire is expressed. 

*OP'TA-TlVE, 77. Something to be desired. [L. u.] Bacon 

OPTIC, or OP'TI-€AL, a. [Gr. orrrt*:©?.] 1. Relating or 
pertaining to vision or sight. 2. Relating to the science of 
optics. 

OP'TIC, n. An organ of sight. Trumbull. 

OP-Tl"CIAN, n. . 1. A person skilled in the science of op- 
tics. 2. One who makes or sells optic glasses and instru- 
ments. 

OP<TICS, 77. The science which treats of light and the phe- 
nomena of vision. Encyc. 

OP'TI-MA-CY, 71. [L. optimates.] The body of nobles ; the 
aobility. Howell. 

OFTI-MISM, 77. [L. optimus.'] The opinion or doctrine that 
every thing in nature is ordered for the best ; or the order 
of things in the universe that is adapted to produce the 
most go^d. Paley. 

OP-TIM'I-TY, 77. The state of bemg best. 

OPTION, n. [1,. optio.] 1. The power of choosing ; the 
right of choice or election. 2. The power of wishing ; 
wish. 3. Choice ; election ; preference. 

OP'TION-AL, a. 1. Left to one's wish or choice ; depend- 
ing on choice or preference. 2. Leaving something to 
choice. Blackstone. 

OP'U-LEXCE, 71. [L. opulentia.] Wealth; riches; afflu- 
ence. [Opulency is little used.] Sicift. 

OP'U-LENT, a. [L. opulentus.] WeaHhy ; rich; affluent; 
having a large estate or property. South. 

OP'U-LENT-LY, adv. Richly ; with abundance or splendor. 

O-PUS'CULE, 77. [L. opiisculum.'] A small work. Jones. 

OR, a termination of Latin nouns, is a contraction of vir, a 
man, or frc«n the same radix. The same word vir is, in 
our mother tongue, uoer, and from this we have the Eng- 
lish termination er. It denotes an agent, as in actor, 
creditor. 

OR, conj. [Sax. other ; G. oder.l A connective that marks an 
alternative ; as, " you may read or may write." It corre- 
sponds to either : as, you may either ride to London, or to 
Windsor. It often connects a series of words or proposi- 
tions, presenting a choice of either ; as, he may study law 
or medicine or divinity, or he may enter into trade. — Or 
sometimes begins a sentence, but in this case it expresses 
an alternative with the foregoing sentence. Matt. vii. and 
ix. — In poetry, oris sometimes used for either. — Or ever. 
In this phrase, or is supposed to be a corruption of ere, 
Sax. (Bve, before ; that is, before ever. 

OR, in heraldni, gold. [Fr. or ; L. aw-um.] 

ORACH, or OEvRA-CH, 77. A plant of the genus atriplex, 
used as a substitute for spinage. 

OR'A-€LE, 11. [Fr. ; Tj. oraculum.] 1. Among 7)00-0775, the 
answer of a god or some person reputed to be a god, to an 
inquiry made respecting some affair of importance. 2. 
The deity who gave or was supposed to give answers to 
inquiries. 3. The place where the answers were given. — 
4. Among Christians, oracles, in the plural, denotes the 
communications, revelations or messages delivered by 
God to prophets. 5. The sanctuary or most holy place in 
the temple. 1 Kings vi. 6. Any person or place where 
certain decisions a"re obtained. Pope. 7. Any person re- 
puted uncommonly wise, whose opinions aie of great au- 
thority. 8. A wise sentence or decisic n of great authority. 

OR'A-CLE, V. I. To utter oracles. Milton. 

0-RAC'U-LAR, or 0-RAC'U-LOUS, a. 1. Uttering oracles. 
2. Grave ; venerable ; like an oracle. 3. Positive ; au- 
thoritative ; magisterial. 4. Obscure ; ambiguous, like 
the oracles of pagan deities. 

0-RA€'U-LAR-LY, or 0-RAC'U-LOUS-LY, adv. 1. In 
the manner of an oracle. 2. Authoritativelv ; positively. 

O-RACU-LOUS-NESS, n. The state of being oracular. 

OR'AI-SON, (or'e-zun) n. [Fr. oraison ; L. oratio.] Prayer, 
verbal supplication or oral worship ; now written orison. 

O'RAL, a. [Fr. ; L. 05, oris.] Uttered by the mouth or in 
words ; spoken, not written . 

O'RAL-LY, adv. By mouth ; in words, without writing. 



* See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this t Obsolete 



ORC 



574 



OKD 



OR'AN(jE, n. [Fr. ; Ii. aurantium.] The fruit of a species 
of citrus whicb grows in warm climates. 

OR'AN6E-MUSK, n. A species of pear. 

0R'AN6E-PEEL, n. The rind of an orange separated from 
the fruit. 

*OR'AN-6ER-T,7i. [Ft. orangerie.] A plantation of orange- 
trees. Johnson. 

OK AN6E-TAW-NY, a. Of the color of an orange. 

OR'AN6E-WiFE, tu A woman that sells oranges. 

O'RANG-OU'TANG, n. The satyr or great ape, {simia 
satyrus,) an animal with a flat face and deformed resem- 
blance of the human form. 

O-Ra'TION, n. [L. oratio.] 1. A speech or discourse com- 
posed according to the rules of oratory, and si)oken in 
public. — 2. In modern usage, the word is applied chiefly 
to discourses pronounced on special occasions. 3. A har- 
angue ; a public speech or address. 

t ()-Ra'TION, v. i. To make a speech ; to harangue. 

OR'A-TOR, n. [L.] 1. A public speaker. — 2. In modern 
usage, a person who pronounces a discourse publicly on 
some special occasion, as on the celebration of some memo- 
rable event. 3. An eloquent puolic speaker ; a speaker, 
by way of eminence. — 4. In France, a speaker in debate in 
a legislative body. — 5. In chancery, a petitioner. 6. An 
officer in the universities in England. 

OR-A-To'RI-AL, or OR-A-TOR'I-OAL, a. Pertaining to an 
orator or to oratory ; rhetorical ; becoming an orator. 

OR-A-To'RI-AL-LY, or OIl-A-TOR'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a 
rhetorical manner. Taylor. 

OR-A-To'RI-0, 71. [It.] 1. In Italian music, a sacred drama 
of dialogues. -2. A place of worship ; a chapel, 

t OR-A-To'RI-OUS. The same as oratorial. 

t OR-A-To'RI-OUS-LY. The same as oratorically. 

OR'A-TO-RY, w. [Low L. oraforiffl.] 1. The art of speaking 
well, or of speaking according to the rules of rhetoric, in 
order to persuade. 2, Exercise of eloquence, — 3, Among 
tlie Romanists, a close apartment near a bed-chamber, for 
private devotions, 4, A place allotted for prayer, or a 
place for public worship, 

OR' \-TR^^' i ^' ^ female orator. Warner. 

ORB, 71. [L. orhis ; Fr,, It., Sp. orbe.] 1, A spiierical body, 
— 2. In astronomy, a hollow globe or sphere. 3. A wheel ; 
a circular body that revolves or rolls. 4. A circle ; a 
sphere defined by a line, 5. A circle described by any 
mundane sphere ; an orbit, 6. Period ; revolution of 
tiiiie, 7, The eye. — 8, In tactics, the circular form of a 
body of troops, or a circular body of troops. 

ORB, V. t. To form into a circle. Milton. 

OTIB'ATE, a. [L, oriatus.'] Bereaved ; fatherless ; child- 
less. 

t OR-BA'TiON, n. [L. orbatio.] Privation of parents or 
children, or privation in generaL 

ORBED, a. 1, Round ; circular ; orbicular, 2, Formed 
into a circle or round shape. 3, Rounded or covered on 
the exterior. 

ORB'ie, a. Spherical. Bacon. 

OR-BI€'U-LAR, a. [Fr. orbiculaire ; L, orbiculus.] Spher- 
ical ; circular ; in the form of an orb. Addison. 

OR-BI€'U-LAR-LY, adv. Spherically. 

OR-BI€'Lr-LAR-NESS, n. Sphericity ; the state of being 
orbicular. 

OR-BI€'U-LATE, ) a. [L, orbiculatus.] Made or being 

OR-BI€'U-LA-TED, ( in the form of an orb,— In botany, 
an orbiculate or orbicular leaf is one that has the periphery 
of a circle, or both its longitudinal and transverse diame- 
ters equal, 

OR-BI€-U-La'TION, n. The state of being made in the 
form ot an orb. More. 

ORB'IS, or ORB'-FISH, n. A fish of a circular form, 

ORB'IT, 71. [Fr. 07-bite ; L, orbita.] 1. In astronomy, the 
path of a planet or comet ; the curve line which a planet 
describes in its periodical revolution round its central 
body, 2, A small orb j [not proper.] Young. — 3. In anat- 
omy, the cavity in which the eye is situated. 

OrSiT'U^Al ( "" Pertaining to the orbit. Hooper. 

ORB'I-TUDE,') 71, [L. orbitas.] Bereavement by loss of 

ORB'I-TY, ) parents or children, [Little used.] 

ORB'Y, a. Resembling an orb. Chapman. 

one, 71. [h. orca.] A sea-fish, a species of whale. 

OReHAL, OR €HEL, or OR'OHIL, See Archil. 

OR'CHA-NET, n. A plant, anchusa tinctoria. 

ORCHARD, n. [Sax. ortgeard.] An inclosure for fruit- 
trees. 

OR'CHARD-ING, 71. 1, The cultivation of orchards, £t)eZ?/w, 
2, Orchards in general. United States. 

OR'CHARD-IST, n. One that cultivates orchards. 

OR'CHES-TRE, ) n. [L. orchestra.] 1, The part of a 

OR'GHES-TER, > theatre or other public place appro- 

* OR'€HES-TRA, ) priated to the musicians. 2, The 
body of performers in the orchestre. Busby. 

OR'OHES-TRAL, a. Pertaining to an orchestre ; suitable 
for or oerformed in an orchestre. Busby. 



OR'€HIS, n. [L. orchis.] A genus of plants 

ORD, 71. [Sax.] An edge or point ; as in ordhelm —Ord 
signifies beginning j as in ords and ends. 

OR-DaIN', v. t. [L. ordino ; Fr. ordohner.] 1, Properly, to 
set ; to establish in a particular office or order ; hence, to 
invest with a ministerial function or sacerdotal power, 
2, To appoint ; to decree, 3. To set ; to establish : to Ju- 
stitute ; to constitute, 4, To set apart for an office to 
appoint. 5. To appoint ; to prepare, 

OR-DaTN'A-BLE, a. That may be appointed. Hall. 

OR-DaIN'ED, (or-dand') pp. Appointed ; instituted ; estab- 
lished ; invested with ministerial or pastoral functions ; 
settled, 

OR-DAIN'ER, 77, One who ordains, appoints or invests 
with sacerdotal powers, 

OR-DaIN'ING, ppr. Appointing ; estaoIJshing ; investing 
with sacerdotal or pastoral functions, 

* OR'DE-AL, 7?, [Sax. ordal, or ordcel ; G. urtheil ; D. ordeel.] 

1, An ancient form of trial to determine guilt or inno- 
cence, practiced by the rude nations of Europe, and still 
practiced in the East Indies, — In England, the ordeal was 
of two sorts, fire-ordeal and icater-ordcal ; the former be- 
ing confined to pei-sons of higher rank, the latter to the 
common people, — Fire-ordeal was performed either by 
taking in the hand a piece of red-hot iron, or by walking 
barefoot and blindfold over nine red-hot ploughshares, — 
Wate^-ordeal was performed, either by plunging the bare 
arm to the elbow in boiling water, or by casting the per- 
son suspected into cold water. 2. Severe trial ; accurate 
scrutiny, 

OR'DER, n. [L, ordo ; Fr, ordre.] 1. Regular disposition 
or methodical arrangement of things. 2, Proper state, 3. 
Adherence to the point in discussion, according to estab- 
lished rules of debate. 4. Established mode of proceed- 
ing. 5. Regularity; settled mode of operation, 6. Man- 
date ; precept ; command ; authoritative direction, 7. 
Rule 3 regulation, 8. Regular government or discipline. 
9. Rank; class; division of men, 10. A religious frater- 
nity, II. A division of natural objects, generally inter- 
mediate between class and genus. 12. Measures ; care. — 
13. In rhetoric, the placing of words and members in a 
sentence in such a manner as to contribute to force and 
beauty of expression, or to the clear illustration of the 
subject. 14. The title of certain ancient books containing 
the divine office and manner of its performance. — 15. In 
architecture, a system of several members, ornaments and 
proportions of columns and pilasters. The orders are five, 
the Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite. — In 
orders, set apart for the performance of divine service. — 
In order, for the purpose ; to the end ; as means to an 
end. — General orders, the commands or notices which a 
military commander-in-chief issues to the troops under his 
command. 

OR'DER, v.t. 1, To regulate ; to methodize ; to systemize ; 
to adjust ; to subject to system in management and exe- 
cution. 2, To lead ; to conduct ; to subject to rules or 
laws, 3, To direct ; to command. 4, To manage ; to 
treat. 5. To ordain ; [obs.] 6. To direct ; to dispose in 
any particular manner, 

OR'DER, V. i. To give command or direction, Milton. 

OR'DERED, pp. Regulated ; methodized ; disposed ; com- 
manded ; managed, 

OR'DER-ER, 71, 1, One that gives orders. 2. One that 
methodizes or regulates. 

OR'DER-ING, ppr. Regulating ; systemizing ; command- 
ing; disposing, 

OR'DER-ING, n. Disposition ; distribution. 2 Chron. xxiv. 

OR'DER-LESS, a. Without regularity ; disorderly. 

0R'DER-LI-NES3, n. 1, Regularity; a state of being me- 
thodical, 2. The state of being orderly. 

OR'DER-LY, a. 1. Methodical ; regular, 2. Obsei-vant of 
order or method, 3, Well regulated ; performed in good 
order ; not tumultuous. 4, According to established 
method, 5, Not unruly ; not inclined to break from in- 
closures ; peaceable, — Orderly sergeant, a military officer 
who attends on a superior officer, 

OR'DER-LY", adv. Methodically; according to due order; 
regularly ; according to rule, 

t OR-DI-NA-BIL'I-TY, n. Capability of being appointed. 

f OR'DI-NA-BLE, a. Such as may be appointed. Hammond. 

OR'DI-NAL, a. [L. ordinalis ; Fr. ordinal.] Noting order ; 
as the ordinal numbers, first, second, &c. 

OR'DI-NAL, n. 1. A number noting order. 2. A book 
containing the order of divine service ; a ritual, Encyc. 

OR'DI-NANCE, n [It, ordinama ; Fr, ordonnance,] 1. A 
rule established by authority ; a permanent rule of action. 

2. Observance con.;nanded. 3, Appointment. 4. Estab- 
lished rite or ceremony. 

t OR'DI-NANT, a. [L, ordinans.] Ordaining ; decreeing. 
OR'DI-NA-RI-LY, adv. Primarily, according to established 

rules or settled method ; hence, commonly ; usually ; in 

most cases, 

* OR'DI-NA-RY, a. [L. ordinarius.] 1. According to estab- 
lished order; methodical; regular; customary. 2. Com- 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, ioTi^.— FXR, FALL, WHAT ;- PRgY ;- PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. 



ORG 



575 



ORK 



mon -, usual. 3. Of common rank ; not distinguished by 
superior excellence. 4. Plain ; not handsome. 5. Infe- 
rior ; of little merit. 6. An ordinary seaman is one not 
expert or fully skilled. 

* OR'DI-NA-RY, n. 1. In the commcn and canon law, one 
who has ordinary or immediate jurisdiction in matters 
ecclesiastical ; an ecclesiastical judge. 2. Settled estab- 
lishment. 3. Eegular price of a meal. 4. A place of eat- 
ing where the prices are settled. 5. The establishment 
of persons employed by government to take charge of 
ships of war laid up in harbors. — In ordinary, in actual 
and constant service ; statedly attending and serving. 

t OR'DI-NATE, V. t. To appoint. 

OR'DI-NATE, a. [L. ordinatus.] Regular; methodical. 

OR'DI-NATE, n. In geometry and conic sections, a line 
drawn from any point of the circumference of an ellipsis 
or other conic section, perpendicularly across the axis to 
the other side. 

OR'DI-NATE-LY, adv. In a regular methodical manner. 

OR-DI-Na'TION, 71. [L.ordiiiatio.] 1. The state of being 
ordained or appointed ■ established order or tendency 
consequent on a decree, 2. The act of conferring holy 
orders or sacerdotal power ; called, also, consecration. — 3. 
In the Presbyterian and Congregational churches, the act of 
settling or establishing a licensed clergyman over a church 
and congregation with pastoral charge and authority ; 
also, the act of conferring on a clergyman the powers of 
a settled minister of the gospel, witliout the charge of a 
particular church. 

OR'DI-NA-TlVE, a. Directing ; giving order. Cotgrave. 

ORD'NANCE, n. Cannon or great guns ; artillery. 

OR'DON-NANCE, n. [Fr.] In fainting, the disposition of 
the parts of a picture. Cyc. 

OR'DURE, n. [Fr.] Dung ; excrements. Shak. 

ORE, n. [Sax. ore, ora.l 1. The compound of a metal and 
some other substance, as oxygen, sulphur or carbon, called 
its mineraliter. 2. Metal. 

O'RE-AD, n. [Gr. o^oi.] A mountain nymph. 

orI-woSd:!"-^^^-^^^'^-^-^"'- 

ORF'GILb, n. [Sax. orf and geld.'] The restitution of 
goods or money stolen, if taken in the day time. 

OR'FRAYS, n. [Fr. or/roi.] Fringe of gold 3 gold embroid- 
ery. 

OR'GAL, n. Argal 3 lees of wine dried ; tartar. 

OR'GAN, w. [L. organnm; Gx.o^yavov ^ Sp., It. organo ; 
Fr. organe.] 1. A natural instrument of action or opera- 
tion, or by which some process is carried on. 9. The 
instrument or means of conveyance or communication. 
3. The largest and most harmonious of wind instruments 
of music, consisting of pipes which are filled with wind, 
and stops touched by the fingers. 

t OR'GAN, V. t. To form organically. Mannyngham. 

OR'GAN-BUiLD-£R, 71. An artist whose occupation is to 
construct organs. 

OR-GAN'I€, ) a. [L. m-ganicus.] I. Pertaining to an 

OR-GAN'I-€AL, ] organ or to organs ; consisting of or- 
gans or containing them. 2. Produced by the organs, 3, 
Instrumental ; acting as instruments of natm-e or art to a 
certain end, — Organic bodies are such as possess organs, 
on the action of which depend their growth and perfec- 
tion; as animals and plants. — Organic remains are the 
remains of living bodies petrified or imbedded in stone, 

OR-GAN'I-eAL-LY, adv. 1. WitJi organs ; with organical 
structure or disposition of parts, 2, By means of organs, 

OR-GAN'I-€AL-NESS, n. The state of being organical. 

OR'GAN-ISM, n. Organical structure. Orew. 

OR'GAN-IST, 71, 1. One who plays on the organ, 2, One 
who sung in parts ; an old musical use of the icord. 

OR-GAN-I-Za'TION, n. The act or process of foi-ming or- 
gans or instruments of action, 2. The act of forming or 
an-anging the parts of a compound or complex body in a 
suitable manner for use or service ; the act of distributing 
into suitable divisions, and appointing the proper officers, 
as an army or a government, Pickering. 3. Structure ; 
form : suitable disposition of parts which are to act to- 
gether in a compound body. 

OR'GAN-iZE, V. t. [Fr, organiser.l 1. To form with suit- 
able organs ; to construct so that one part may cooperate 
with another. 2. To sing in parts. 3. To distribute 
into suitable parts, and appoint proper officers, that the 
whole may act as one body. W. Cranch. 

OR'GAN-lZED, pp. Formed with organs ; constructed or- 
ganically ; systemized ; reduced to a form in which all 
the parts may act together to one end. 

OR'GAN-lZ-ING, ppr. Constructing with suitable organs ; 
reducing to system in order to produce united action to 
one end. 

OR'GAN-LOFT, n. The loft where an organ stands. Tat- 
ler. 

OR-GAN-0-GRAPH'I€, ) a. Pertaining to organogra- 

OR-GAN-0-GRAPH'I-€AL, ] phy. 

OR-GAN-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. opyavov and ypa^u).] In 



botany, a description of the organs of plants, or of the 
names and kinds of their organs. 

OR'GAN-PiPE, 71. The pipe of a musical organ. Shak. 

OR'GAN-STOP, n. The stop of an organ, or any collection 
of pipes under one general name. Busby. 

OR'GA-NY. See Origan. 

OR'GAN-ZINE, n. Silk twisted into threads ; thrown silk. 

OR'GA^iM, n. [Gr. opyaaixos.] Immoderate excitement or 
action. Blackmore. 

OR'GE-AT, n. [Fr.] A liquor extracted from barley and 
sweet almonds. Mason. 

0R'6E-IS, n. A fish, called also organ-ling. 

OR'GlES, n. flu. [Gr. opyia ; L. orgia ; Fr. orgies.] Fran 
tic revels at, the feast in honor of Bacchus, or the feast 
itself. Dryden. 

tOR'GIL-LOUS, a. [Fr. orgueilleux.] Proud ; haughty. 

0R'GUES,7i. [Fr.] 1. In the miiifar?/ ari, long, thick pieces 
of timber, pointed and shod with iron and hung over a 
gateway, to be let down in case of attack, 2, A machine 
composed of several musket barrels united, by means of 
which several explosions are made at once to defend 
breaches, 

OR-I-€IIAL'€UM, ) n. [L, orichalcum, or aurichalcum.] A 

OR'I-CHALCH, \ metallic substance resembling gold 
in color, but inferior in value ; the brass of the ancients, 

_ Spc-nser. 

O'RI-EL, or O'RI-OL, n. [Old Fr. oriol.] A small apart- 
ment next a hall, where particular persons dine ; a sort 
of recess. Cowsl. 

O'RI-EiV-CY, n. Brightness or strength of color. [L. u.] 

O'RI-EJNT, a. [L. oriens.] I. Rising, as the sun. 2. East- 

_ ern ; oriental, 3, Bright; shining; glittering. 

O'RI-ENT, n. The east ; the part of the horizon where tfce 
sun first appears in the morning. 

O-RI-ENT'AL, a. Eastern ; situated in the east, 2. Pro- 
<;eeding from the east. 

O-RI-ENT'AL, 71. A nacive or inhabitant of some eastern 
part of the world, 

O-RI-ENT'AL-ISM, n. An eastern mode of speech ; an id- 
iom of the eastern languages. Warton. 

0-RI-ENT'AL-IST, n. 1. An inhabitant of the eastern 
parts of the world. 2. One versed in the eastern languages 
and literature. 

t 0-RI-EN-TAL'I-TY, n. The state of being oriental. 

ORT-FiCE, n. [Fr. ; L. orificium.] The mouth or aper- 
ture of a tube, pipe or other cavity. 

OR'I-FLAMB, 71. [Fr, orifiamme.] The ancient royal stand- 
ard of France, Mnsworth. 

O-RIg'^-NUM "• i^^'^ Marjoram, a genus of plants. 

OR'I-GEN-ISM, n. The doctrines or tenents of Origen. 

OR'I-GEN-IST, n. A follower of Origen of Alexandria. 

ORT-GIN, 71. [Fr., It. orlgine ; Sp. origen ; L. 07-igo.] 1. The 
first existence or beginning of any thing. 2. Fountain ; 
source ; cause ; that from which any thing primarily pro- 
ceeds. 

O-RIG'I-NAL, 71. 1. Origin; [see Origin.] 2. First copy ; 
archetype ; that from which any thing is transcribed or 
translated, or from which a likeness is made by the pen- 
cil, press or otherwise. 

0-RlG'I-NAL, a. [Fr, originel ; L. originalis.] I. First in 
order ; preceding all others. 2. Primitive ; pristine.- 3. 
Having the power to originate new thoughts or combina- 
tions of thought. 

0-RIG-I-NAL'l-TY, n. 1. The quality or state of being 
original. 2. The power of originating or producing new 
thoughts, or uncommon combinations of thought. 

0-lllG'I-NAL-LY, adv. 1. Primarily ; from 'the beginning 
or origin, 2. At first; at the origin, 3. By the .first au 
thor. 

0-RIG'I-NAL-NESS, n. The quality or state of being orig 
inal. 

0-Rl6'I-NA-RY, a. [Fr. originaire.] \. Productive ; caus 
ing existence. 2, Primitive ; original ; [little used.] 

0-RlG'I-NATE,7;. t. To cause to be; to bring into exist 
ence ; to produce what is new. Burke. 

0-RlG'I-NATE, V. i. To take first existence ; to liave 
origin ; to be begun. 

0-RlG'I-NA-TED, pp. Brought into existence 

0-RlG'I-NA-TING, ppr. Bringing into existence. 

0-RIG-I-Na'TION, 71. 1, The act of bringing or coming 
into existence ; fii-st production. 2. Mode of production 
or bringing into being. 

0-RIL'LON, n. [Fr.] In fortification, a rounding of earth, 
faced with a wall, raised on the shoulder of those bastions 
that have casements, to cover the cannon in the retired 

_ flank, and prevent their being dismounted. 

O'RI-0LE,7i. A genus of birds of the order of picas. 

O-Rl'ON, 71, [Gr. wptwv.] A constellation in the southern 
hemisphere^ Cv^ntaining seventy-eight stars, 

OR'I-SON, 71. [Fr. oraison ; L. oratio.] A prayer or sup- 
plication. Milton. 

ORK, 71. [L. 07-cffl.] A fish. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; C as J ; S as Z : CH as SII ; TU as ,n this. " Obsolets 



ORT 



576 



OSS 



ORLE, n. In heraldry, an ordinary in the form of a fillet, 
round the shield. 

OR'LET, } n. [Fr. ourlet ; It. orlo.] In architecture, a fillet 

OR'LO, ) under the ovolo of a capital. 

OR'LOP, n. [D. overloop.] In a ship of war, a platform of 
planks laid over the beams in the hold, on which the 
cables are usually coiled. 

OR NA-MENT, 71. [h. ornamentum.] 1. That which em- 
bellishes ; something which, added to another thing, 
renders it more beautiful to the eye. — 2. In architecture, 
ornaaients are sculpture or carved work. 3. Embellish- 
ment ; decoration ; additional beauty. 

OR'NA-MENT, v. t. To adorn ; to deck ; to embellish. 

OR-NA-MENT'AL, a. Serving to decorate ; giving addi- 
tional beauty j embellishing. Brown. 

OR-NA-MENT'AL-LY, adv. In such a manner as to add 
embellishment. 

OR'NA-MENT-ED,;>p. Decorated ; embellished j beautified. 
Shenstone. 

OR'NA-MENT-ING, ppr. Decorating ; embellishing. 

OR'NATE, a. [L. omatus.'] Adorned ; decorated ; beauti- 
ful. Milton. 

OR'NATE-LY, adv. With decoration. Skelton. 

OR'NATE-NESS, n. State of being adorned. 

OR'NA-TURE, ?i. Decoration. [Little used.] 

OR-NIS-€OP'I€S, 71. Divination by the observation of 
fowls. Bailey. 

OR-NIS'CO-PIST, n. [Gr. opvis and aKoireu).] One who 
views the flight of fowls in order to foretell future events 
by their manner of flight. [Little used.] 

OR-NITH'O-LITE, n. A petrified bird. 

OR-NI-THO-L06'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to ornithology. 

0R-NI-THOL'O-6lST, n. A person who is skilled in the 
natural history of fowls, who understands their form, 
structure, habits and uses ; one who describes birds. 

0R-NI-TIi0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. opvi? and Xoyos.] The sci- 
ence of fowls, which comprises a knowledge of their 
form, structure, habits and uses. 

OR-NITH'0-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. opvis and navreta.] Au- 
guiy, a species of divination by means of fowls, their 
flight, &c. 

0R-U-L06'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to a description of moun- 
tains. 

0-ROL'O-GIST, n. A describer of mountains. 

O-FcOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. opos and Xoyos.] The science or de- 
scription of mountains. 

ORPHAN, n. [Gr. op<pavog ; It. orfano ; Fr. arphelin.] A 
child who is bereaved of father or mother, or of both. 

OK'PHAN, a. Bereaved of parents. Sidney. 

OR'PHAN-AGE, or OR'PHAN-ISJVI, n. The state of an or- 
phan. Sherwood. 

OR'PHANED, a. Bereft of parents or friends. 

OR-PHA-NOT'RO-PHY, 7!. [Gr. op(l>avos and Tpo<pr].] A 
hospital for orphans. Todd. 

OR'PHE-AN, or OR'PHI€, a. Pertaining to Orpheus, the 
poet and musician. Bryant. 

OR'PHE-US, n. A fish found in the Mediterranean. 

OR'PI-MENT, 7). [L. auripigmentum.] Sulphuret of arsenic. 

OR'PINE, 71. [Fr. orpin.] A plant. 

OR'RAOH. See Orach. 

OR'RE-RY, 71. A machine so constructed as to represent, 
by tlie movements of its parts, the motions and pheises of 
the planets in their orbits. 
)R'P»IS, n. 1. The plant iris ; fieur de lis or flag-flower. 2. 
[qu. orfrais.] A sort of gold or silver lace. 

ORT, 71. A fragment ; refuse. Shak. 

OR'TA-LON, n. A small bird of the genus alauda. 

OR'THITE, n. [Gr. opBos.] A mineral. 

OR-THO-CER'A-TITE, n. [Gr. opQos and Ktpas.] The 
name of certain fossil univalve shells. 

OR'THO-DOX, a. 1. Sound in the Christian faith ; believing 
the genuine doctrines taught in the Scriptures. 2. Ac- 
cording with the doctrines of Scripture. 

t OR-THO-DOX'AL. The same as orthodox. 

OR'THO-DOX-LY, adv. With soundness of faith. Bacon. 

OR'THO-DOX-NESS, n. The state of being sound in the 
faith, or of according witii the doctrines of Scripture. 

OR'THO-DOX-Y, n. [Gr. opdoho^ia.] 1, Soundness of 
faith ; a belief in the genuine doctrines taught in the Scrip- 
tures. 2. Consonance to genuine Scriptural doctrines, 

OR-THO-DROM'ie, a. Pertaining to orthodromy. 

OR-THO-DROM'I€S, n. The art of sailing in the arc of a 
great circle, which is the shortest distance between any 
two points on the surface of the globe. 

OR'THO-DRO-MY, n. [Gr. opQos and 6po//oj.] The sailing 
in a straight course, 

OR-THO-EP'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to orthoepy. 

* OR THO-E-PIST, n. One who pronounces words correct- 

ly, or who is well skilled in pronunciation. 

* OR'THO-E-PY, 71, [Gr. opQoc-Kaa.] The art of uttering 
words with propriety ; a. correct pronunciation of words. 
JVares. 



OR'THO-GON, 71. [Gr, opQos and ydivta.] A rectanguiai 

figure. Peacham. 

OR-THOG'O-NAL, a. Right-angled ; rectangular. 

OR-THOG'RA-PHER, 71. One that spells words correctly, 
according to common usage. Shak. 

OR-THO-GRAPH'I€, ; a. 1, Correctly spelled : written 

OR-THO-GRAPH'I-CAL, \ with the proper letters. 2. 
Perta:ning to the speUing of words. 

OR-THO-GRAPH'I-CAL-LY, adv. I. According to the 
rules of proper spelling. 2. In the manner of orthograph- 
ic projection. 

OR-THOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. opBoypacpia.] 1. The art of 
writing words with the proper letters, according to com- 
mon usage, 2. The part of grammar which treats of the 
nature a/id properties of letters, and of the art of writing 
vt'ords correctly. 3. Tlie practice of spelling or writing 
words with the proper letters. — 4. In geometry, the art of 
delineating the fore-right plane or side of any object, and 
of expressing the elevations of eacli part. — 5. In architec- 
ture, the elevation of a building, showing all their parts 
in their true proportion. — 6. In perspective, the fore-right 
side of any plane. — 7, In fortification, the profile or repre- 
sentation of a work in all its parts, as they would appear 
if perpendicularly cut from top to bottom, 

OR-THOL'O-GY, 71. [Gr. opdos and Aoyoj.] The right de- 
scription of things. Fotherby. 

OR-THOM'E-TRY, n. [Gr. opQos and ixerpov.] The art or 
practice of constructing verse correctly ; the laws of cor- 
rect versification. 

OR-THOP'NY, 71. [Gx. opBo-Kvoia.] 1. A species of asthma 
in which respiration can be performed only in an erect 
posture. 2. Any difficulty of breathing. 

OR'Ti VE, a. [L, ortivus.] Rising, or eastern. 

OR'TO-LAN, 71. [It. ortolano ; L. hortulanus.] A bird of 
the genus emberiza. 

ORTS, 71. Fragments ; pieces ; refuse. 

OR'YAL,_7;,. [Fr. orvale.] The herb clary. Diet. 

t OR-VI-E'TAN, 71. [It, orvietano.] An antidote or counter- 
poison. Bailey. 

OR-YC-TOG-NOS'TIC, a. Pertaining to oryctognosy. 

OR-Y€-TOG'NO-SY, n. [Gr, opoxTos and yviocig.] That 
branch of mineralogy which has for its object the classifi- 
cation of minerals. 

OR-Y€-TOG'RA-PHY, 7i. [Gr. opvKros and ypa^w.] That 
part nf natural history in which fossils are described 

OR-Y€-TOL'0-GY, n. [Gr. oovktos and Xoyog.] That part 
of physics which treats of fossils. 

OS'CHE-0-CELE, n. [Gr. ocr^eov and Kv^rj.] A rupture in 
the scrotum ; scrotal hernia. 

OS'CTL-LATE, v. i. [L, oscillo.] To swing ; to move 
backward and forward ; to vibrate. 

OS-CIL-La'TION, 71. [L. oscillatio.] Vibration ; a moving 
backward and forward, or swinging like a pendulum. 

OS'CIL-LA-TO-RY, a. Moving backward and forward like 
a pendulum ; swinging, Arhuthnot. 

OS'CI-TAN-CY, 7!, [L. oscito.] 1. The act of gaping or 
yawning. 2. Unusual sleepiness ; drowsiness j dullness 

OS'CI-TANT, a, 1, Yawning ; gaping. 2. Sleepy ; drow- 
sy ; dull ; sluggish. Decay of Piety. 

OS'CI-TANT-LY, afZy. Carelessly. More. 

OS'CI-TATE,7). i. To vawn ; to gape. Johnson. 

OS-CI-Ta'TION, 72. The act of yawning or gaping. 

OS-€U-La'TION, n. [L, osculatio.] In geometry, the con- 
tact between any given curve and its osculatory circle, 
that is, a circle of the same curvature with the given curve. 

OS'CU-LA-TO-RY, a. An osculatory circle, in geometry, is 
a circle having the same curvature with any curve at "any 
given point. 

OS'€U-LA-TO-RY, n. In church history, a tablet or board, 

_ with the picture of Christ or the virgin, &c. 

O'SIER, (6'zher) n. [Fr. osier.] A willow or water-willow, 
or the twig of the willow used in making baskets. 

OS'MA-ZOME, n. [Gr. oc^ut? and ^w/^of.] A substance of 
an aromatic flavor, obtained from the flesh of the ox. 

OS'MI-UM, 71. [Gr. ocr/x??,] A metal recently discovered, 
and contained in the ore of platinum. 

OS'MUND, n. A plant, or a genus of plants, moonwort, 

OS'NA-BURG, (oz'n-burg; n A species of coarse linen im- 
ported from Osnaburg, in Germany. 

OS'PRAY, 77. [L, ossifraga.] The sea-eagle. 

OSS, V. i. To oft'er ; to try ; to essay ; to set about a thing. 
JVorth of England. 

OS'SE-LET, n. [Fr,] A hard substance growing on the 
inside of a horse's knee, among the small bones, 

OS'SE-OUS, (osh'e-us) a. [L. ossews.] Bony 5 resembling 
bone, 

OS'SI-CLE, n. [L. ossiculunn.] A small bone. Holder. 

OS-SIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. os and /ero.] Producing or fur- 
nishing bones. Buckland. 

OS-SIF'ie, a. [L. OS and facia.] Having power to ossify 
or change cameous and membranous substances to bone 

OS-SI-FI-€a'TION, n. 1. The change or process of changing 



* See Synopsis. A, E, 1, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; 



t Obsolete 



OTH 



577 



OUT 



from flesh or other matter of animal bodies into a bony 
substance. 2. The formation of bones in animals. 

OS'SI-FlED, yp Converted into bone, or a hard substance 
like bone. 

OS'SI-FE,A0iE, n. [L. ossifraga.] The ospray or sea-ea- 
gle. 

OS'SI-FY, V. t. [L. OS and facio.] To form bone ; to 
change from a soft animal substance into bone, or convert 
into a substance of the hardness of bones. 

0S'SI-F5^, V. i. To become bone ; to change from soft mat- 
ter into a substance of bony hardness. 

OS-SIV'O-ROUS, a. [L. os and voro.l Feeding on bones; 
eating bones. Dcrham. 

OS'SU-A-RY, n. [L. ossuarium.] A charnel house ; a 
place where the bones of the dead are deposited. 

OST, or OUST, n. A kiln for drying hops or malt. Diet. 
Eng. 

OS-TEN-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or state of appearing 
or being shown. 

OS-TEN'SI-BLE, a. [It. ostensibile.] 1. That may be 
shown ; proper or intended to be shown. 2. Plausible ; 
colorable. 3. Appearing; seeming; shown, declared or 
avowed. 

OS-TEN'SI-BLY, adv. In appearance ; in a manner that is 
declared or pretended. Walsh. 

OS-TEN'SIVE, a. [Fr.] Showing ; exhibiting. 

OS'TENT, n. [L. ostentum.] 1. Appearance ; air ; man- 
ner ; mien ; [little used.] 2. Sliovv ; manifestation ; token ; 
[little used.] 3. A prodigy ; a portent ; any thing omi- 
nous ; [little used.] Drydcn. 

f OS'TEN-TATE, tJ.t. [Tu. ostento.] To make an ambitious 
display of; to show or exhibit boastingly. 

OS-TEN-Ta'TION, 71. [L. ostentatio.] 1. Outward show 
or appearance. 2. Ambitious display ; vain show. 3. A 
show or spectacle ; [065.] 

OS-TEN-Ta'TIOUS, a. 1. Making a display from vanity ; 
boastful; fond of presenting one's endowments or works 
to another in an advantageous light. 2. Showy ; gaudy ; 
intended for vain display. 

OS-TEN-Ta'TIOUS-LY, adv. With vain display ; boast- 
fully. 

OS-TEN-Ta'TIOUS-NESS, 71. Vain display; vanity; 
boastfulness. 

OS-TEN-Ta'TOR, n. [h.] One who makes a vain show ; 
a boaster. [Little used.] Sherwood. 

OS-TENT'OUS, a. Fond of making a show. [Little used.] 
Feltham. 

OS-TE-0-€OL'LA, ) n. [Gr. offreov and KoWa.] A carbon- 
I OS'TE-0-€OL, \ ate of lime, a fossil. 

OS'TE-0-eOPE, n. [Gr. oareov and kottos.] Pain in the 
bones ; a violent fixed pain in any part of a bone. 

0S-TE-0L'0-6ER, ) n. One who describes the -bones of 

OS-TE-OL'0-GIST, \ animals. 

OS-TE-O-LOG'ie, I a. Pertaii^u*', to a description of 

OS-TE-O-LOG'I-CAL, \ the bones. ^ 

OS-TE-O-LOG'I-GAL-LY, adv. According > osteology. 

OS-TE-OL'0-GY, 71. [Gr. oareov and \oyos.] 1. A. descrip- 
tion of the bones ; that part of anatomy which v.^ats of 
the bones. 2. The system of animal bones. 

OS'TI-A-RY, n. [L. ostium.] The mouth or opening by 
which a nver discharges its waters. Brown. 

OST'LER. See Hostlpr. 

OST'LER-Y. See Hostlery. 

OST'MEN, 71. plu. Eastmen ; Danish settlers in Ireland, 
so called. Lyttleton. 

OS'TRA-CISM, 71. [Gr. offTpaKiaixog.] 1. In Orecian an- 
tiquity, a method of banishment by the people of Athens. 

2. Banishment ; expulsion ; separation. Hamilton. 
OS'TRA-CITE, n. [Gr. oo-rpa/ctT>?f.] An oyster shell in its _ 

fossil state, or a stone formed in the shell. 

( )S'TRA-ClZE, V. t. To banish by the popular voice. 

Uis'TRICH, n. [Ft. autruche.] A fowl constituting a dis- 
tinct genus, the struthio, being the largest of all fowls. 
The plumage is elegant, and much used in ornamental 
and showy dress. 

UT-A-€OtJS'TI€, a. [Gr. wra and aicovia.] Assisting the 
sense of hearing. 

uT-A-€OUS'Tie, \ n. An instrument to facilitate hear- 

OT-A-€OUS'TI-€ON, ) ing. Orew. 

OTH'ER, a. [Sax. other ; G. oder.] 1. Not the same ; dif- 
ferent ; not this or these. 2. Not this, but the contrary. 

3. Noting something besides. 4. Correlative to each, and 
applicable to any number of individuals. 5. Opposed to 
soTue. 6. The next. 7. The third part. — Other is used 
as a substitute for a noun, and in this use has the plural 
number, and the sign of the possessive case.— T'Ae other 
day, at a certain time past, not distant but indefinite ; not 
long ago. 

T oTH'ER-GaTES, adv. In another manner. 
OTH'ER-GUlSE, a(Zo. [other and guise.] Of another kind. 

[Corruptly pronounced otherguess.] 
6TH'ER-WHERE, adv. {other and where.] In some other 

place ; or in other places. Milton. 



OTH'ER-WHILE, ) adv. [other and while.] At other 

OTHER-WHILES, ] times. 

OTH'ER-WiSE, adv. [other and wise.] 1. In a different 
manner. 2. By other causes. 3. In other respects. 

OT'O-MO, n. A fowl of the lasropus kind. 

OT'TER, or AT'TAR, n. The" essential oil or essence of 
roses. Jisiat. Res. 

OT'TER, n. [Sax. oter, otor, or otter ; G. otter,] An amphib- 
ious quadruped that feeds on fish. 

OT'TER, 71. The name of a coloring substance. 

OT'TO-MAN, a Designating something that pertains to the 
Turks or to their government. 

OT'TO-MAN, 71. A kind of couch. 

OU'BAT, or OU'BUST, n. A sort of caterpillar. Diet. 

OUCH, n. 1. A bezil or socket in which a precious stone 
or seal is set. 2. The blow given by a boar's tusk : 
[obs.] 

OUGHT. See Aught, the true orthography. 

OUGHT, (awt) v. imperfeet. [This word seems to be the 
preterit tense of the original verb to owe, that is, Sax. 
aga7i, Goth, aigan. But ought, as used, is irregular, being 
used in all persons both in the present and past tenses.] 
1. To be held or bound in duty or moral obligation. 2. 
To be necessary ; to behoove. 3. To be fit or expedient 
in a moral view. 4. As a participle, owed ; being indebt- 
ed to ; [obs.] Dryden. 5. In Chaucer's time, it was used 
impersonally. 

OU'MER, n. [Fr. ombre.] The shade. Grose. 

OUNCE, (ouns) 71. [L. uneia ; Fr. once.] 1. A weight, 
the twelfth part of a pound troy, and the sixteenth of a 
pound avoirdupois. 2. An animal of the genus /efe. See 
Once. 

t OUND'ED, ) a. [Fr. onde ; L. unda.] Waving. Chau- 

t OUND'ING, \ cer. 

t OUPH'E, (oof y) n. [Teut. auff.] A fairy ; a goblin ; an 
elf. 

t OUPH'EN, i^oof'en) a. Elfish. Shak. 

OUR, a. [Sax. ure.] 1. Pertaining or belonging to us ; as, 
07ir country. 2. Ours, which is primarily the possessive 
case of our, is never used as an adjective, but as a substi- 
tute for the adjective and the noun to which it belongs ; 
as, your house is on a plain ; ours is on a hill. 

OU-RA-NOG'RA-PHY, 71. [Gr. ovpavos and ypacpu).] A de- 
scription of the heavens. Hist. Roy. Society. 

OUR-SELF', pron. reciprocal, [otir and self.] This is added 
after 7ce and tis, and sometimes is used without either for 
myself, in the regal style only ; as, we ourself will follow. 
ShaJc. 

OUR-SELVES', phi. of ourself. We or us, not others ; 
added to we, by way of emphasis or opposition. 

C3USE, (ooz) n. [for ooze.] Tanner's bark. Ainsworth. 

OUS'EL, (oo'zl) n. [Sax. osle.] The blackbird, a species of 
the genus turdus. Shak. 

OU'SEN, n. Oxen. Grose. 

OUST, V. t. [Fr. otev, for ouster.] 1. To take away ; to 
remove. 2. To eject ; to disseize. 

OUST'ED, pp. Taken away ; removed ; ejected. 

OUST'ER, n. Amotion of possession; disseizin; dispos 
session ; ejection. Blacksto7ie. — Ouster le 7nai7i, [ouster, 
and Fr. le main.] A delivery of lands out of the hands of 
a guardian, or out of the king's hands ; or a judgment 
given for that purpose. Blackstone. 

OUST'ING, ppr. Taking away ; removing ; ejecting. 

OUT, adv. [Sax. ut ; D. uit.] I. Without ; on the outside . 
not within ; on the exterior or beyond the limits of any 
inclosed place or given line ; opposed to in or within. 2, 
Abroad ; not at home. 3. In a state of disclosure or dis- 
covery. 4. Not concealed. 5. In a state of extinction 
6. In a state of being exhausted. 7. In a state of destitu- 
tion. 8. Not in office or employment. 9. Abroad or from 
home, in a party, at church, in a parade, &;c. 10. To the 
end. Dryden. II. Loudly; without restraint. 12. Not 
in the hands of the owner. 13. In an error. 14, At a 
loss ; in a puzzle. 15. Uncovered ; with clothes torn. 
16. Away, so as to consume. 17. Deficient; having ex- 
pended. 18. It is used as an exclamatio7i with the force 
of command ; away ; begone.— Oiii upon tjou, out upon it, 
expressions of dislike or contempt. 

OUT of. In this connection, out may be considered as an 
adverb, and of as a preposition. 1. Proceeding from, as 
produce. 2. From or proceeding from a place, or the in- 
terior of a place. 3. Beyond. 4. From, noting taking or 
derivation. 5. Not in, noting extraordinary exertion. 6. 
Not in, noting exclusion, dismission, departure, absence 
or dereliction. 7. Not in, noting unfitness or improprie- 
ty. 8. Not within, noting extraordinary delay. 9. Not 
within ; abroad. 10. From, noting copy from an origi- 
nal. 11. From, noting rescue or liberation. 12. Not in, 
noting deviation, exorbitance or irregularity. 13. From, 
noting dereliction or departure. 14. From, noting loss or 
change of state. 15. Not according to, noting deviation. 
16. Beyond ; not within the limits of. 17. Noting loss or 
exhaustion. 18. Noting loss. 19. By means of 20. In 
consequence of, noting the motive, source or reason. — Out 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE }— BIJLL, UNITE. -€ as K ; as J ; S as Z 5 CH as SH 5 TH as in this, f Obsolete, 



OUT 



578 



OUT 



of hand, immediately, as that is easily used which is ready 
in the hand.— Out of print denotes that a book is not in 
market, or to be purchased, the copies printed having 
been all sold. 

OUT, V. t. To eject ; to expel ; to deprive by expulsion. 

OUT-A€T', V. t. To do beyond ; to exceed in act. 

OUT-BAL'ANCE, v. t. To outweigh ; to exceed in weight 
or effect. Dryden. 

OUT-BAR', V. t. To shut out by bars or fortification. 

OUT-BID', V. t. To bid more than another. Pope. 

OT7T BTl")/ ) 

OUT-BID'DEN ( ^' Exceeded in the price offered. 

OUT-BID'DEr'm. One that outbids. 

OUT-BID'DING, ppr. Bidding a price beyond another. 

OUT-BLoWN', pp. Inflated ; swelled with wind. 

OUT-BLUSH', V. t. To exceed in rosy color. Shipman. 

OUT'BORN, a. Foreign ; not native. [Little used.] 

OUT'BOUND, a. Destined or proceeding from a country or 
harbor to a distant country or port. 

OUT-BRaVE', v. t. 1. To bear down by more daring or 
insolent conduct. 2. To exceed in splendid appear- 
ance. 

OUT-BRaZ'EN, v. t. To bear down with a brazen face or 
impudence. 

OUT'BREaK, n. A bursting forth ; eruption. Shak. 

OUT'BREaK-ING, 11. That which bursts forth. 

OUT-BReATHE', v. t. 1. To weary by having better 
breath. Shak. 2. To expire. Spenser. 

OUT-BUD', V. i. To sprout forth. Spenser. 

OUT-BUiLD', (out-bild') v. t. To exceed in building, or in 
durability of building. 

OUT-BURN', V. t. To exceed in burning or flaming. 

0UT-€ANT', v. t. To surpass in canting. Pope. 

OUT'€AST, pp. or a. Cast out ; thrown away ; rejected 
as useless. Spenser. 

OUT'€AST, n. One who is cast out or expelled ; an exile ; 
one driven from home or country. Is. xvi. 

t OUT-CEPT', for except. B. Jonson. 

OUT-€LlMB', V. t. To climb beyond. D&venant. 

0UT-€6M'PASS, v. t. To exceed due bounds. 

OUT-€RAFT', v. t. To exceed in cunning. Shak. 

OUT'ORY, n. 1. A vehement or loud cry ; cry of distress. 
2. Clamor; noisy opposition or detestation. 3. Sale at 
public auction. Ainsworth. 

OUT-DARE', V. t. To dare or venture beyond. Shak. 

fOUT-DATE', V. «. Toantiquate. Hammond. 

OUT DO', V. t.; pret. outdid ; pp. outdone. To excel ; to sur- 
pass ; to perform beyond another. S^vift. 

0UT-D5'ING, ppr. Excelling ; surpassing in performance. 

OUT-DO'ING, 71. Excess in performance. Pope. 

OUT-DONE', pp. of outdo. 

OUT-DRINK', V. t. To exceed in drinking. Donne. 

OUT-DWELL', V. t. To dwell or stay beyond. Shak. 

OUT'ER, a. [comp. of out.] Being on the outside ; external ; 
opposed to inner. 

t OUT'ER, 71. Dispossession, Clayton. 

OLTT'ER-LY, adv. Towards the outside. Grew. 

OUT'ER-MoST, a. [superl. from outer.] Being on the ex- 
treme external part ; remotest from the midst. 

OUT-FaCE', v. t. To brave ; to bear down with an impos- 
ing front or with impudence ; to stare down. 

OUT'FALL, n. A fall of water ; a canal. 

OUT-FAWN', V. t To exceed in fawning or adulation. 

OUT-FEAST', V. t. To exceed in feasting. Tai/lor. 

t OUT-FeAT', v. t. To surpass in action or exploit. 

OUT'FIT, 7!. A fitting out, as of a ship for a voyage ; usu- 
ally in the plural, outfits, the expenses of equipping and 
furnishing a ship for a voyage. 

OUT-FLANK', v. t. To extend the flank of one army be- 
yond that of another. 

OUT-FLY', V. t. To fly faster than another ; to advance be- 
fore in flight or progress. Garth. 

OUT-FOOL', V. t. To exceed in folly. Young. 

OUT'FORM, n. External appearance. B. Jonson. 

OUT-FROWN', V. t. To frown down ; to overbear bv 
frowning. Shak. 

OUT'GATE, n. An outlet ; a passage outward. 

OUT-CJEN'ER-AL, v. t. To exceed in generalship ; to 
gain advantage over by superior military skill. Chester- 
field. 

OUT-GIVE', (out-giv') v. t. To surpass in giving. Dryden. 

OUT-Go', V. t. 1. To go beyond ; to advance before in go- 
V ing ; to go faster. 2. To surpass ; to excel. 3. To cir- 
cumvent; to overreach. 

OUT-Go'ING, ppr. Going beyond. 

OUT'GO-ING, ?i. 1. The act of going out. 2. The state of 
going out. Ps. Ixv. 3. Utmost border; extreme limit. 
Josh. xvii. 

OUT-GRIN', V. t. To surpass in grinning. Addison. 

OUT-GRoW', V. t. 1. To surpass in growth. 2. To grow 
too great or too old for any thing. 

OUT-GRoWN', pp. of outgrow. 

OUT'GUARD, 71. A guard at a distance from the main 
body of an army ; or a guard at the farthest distance. 



OUT-HER'OD, V. t. To surpass in enormity, absurdity or 
cruelty. Beddoes. 

OUT'HOUSE, 71. A small house or building at a little dis- 
tance from the main house. 

OUT'ING, 71. 1. A going from home. Cheshire dialect. 2. 
An airing. Craven dialect. 

OUT-JEST', V. t. To overpower by jesting. Shak. 

OUT-JUG^GLE, V. t. To surpass in juggling. Hall. 

OUT-KNaVE', (out-nave') v. t. To surpass in knavery. 

t OUT'LAND, a. [Sax. utUnde.] Foreign. Strutt. 

f OUT'LAND-ER, n. A foreigner ; not a native. Wood. 

OUT-LAND'ISH, a. [Sax. utloendisc ; out and land.'\ 1. 
Foreign ; not native. 2. Born or produced in the interior 
country, or among rude people ; hence, vulgar ; rustic ; 
rude ; clownish, 

OUT-LAST', V. t. To last longer than something else ; to 
exceed in duration. Bacon. 

OUT'LAW, 71. [Sax. iitlaga ; out and law.] A person ex- 
cluded from the benefit of the law, or deprived of its pro- 
tection. 

OUT'LAW, V. t. [Sax. utlagian.] To deprive of the bene- 
fit and" protection of law ; to proscribe. 

OUT'LAWED, pp. Excluded from the benefit of law. 

OUT'LAW-ING, ppr. Depriving of the benefit of law. 

OUT'LAW-RY, n. The putting a man out of the protection 
of law, or the process by which a man is deprived of that 
protection, Blackstone. 

OUT'LaY, n. A laying out or expending ; expenditure. 

OUT-LeAP', v. t. To leap beyond ; to pass by leaping. 

OUT'LeAP, n. Sally ; flight ; escape. Locke. 

OUT 'LET, n. Passage outward ; the place or the means by 
which any thing escapes or is discharged. 

OUT'LI€K-ER, n. In ships, a small piece of timber fasten- 
ed to the top of the poop. 

OUT-LlE', V. t. To exceed in lying. Hall. 

OUT'Ll-ER, n. One who does not reside in the place with 
which his ofiice or duty connects him. 

OUT'LlNE, 71. 1. Contour; the line by which a figure 
is defined ; the exterior line. 2. The first sketch of a 
figure. 3. First general sketch of any scheme or design. 

OUT'LlNE, V. t. To draw the exterior line ; to delineate ; 
to sketch. 

OUT-LIVE', (out-liv') v. t. 1. To live beyond ; to survive ; 
to live after something has ceased. Dryden. 2. To live 
better or to better purpose. Scott. 

OUT-LIVER, n. A survivor. 

OUT-LOOK, V. t. 1. To face down ; to browbeat. 2. To 
select*; '\ohs.] 

OUT'LOOK, n. Vigilant watch ; foresight. Young. 

tOUT'iiOPE, 71. An excursion, Fiorio. 

OUT-LUS'TEr' ! ^- *• ^° ^^^^^ ^^ brightness. Shak. 

OUT-Ly'ING, a. ' 1. Lying or being at a distance from the 
main body or design. 2. Being on the exterior or fron- 
tier. 

OUT-MARCH', V. t. To march faster than ; to march so as 
to leave behind. Clarendon. 

OUT-MEAS'URE, (out-mezh'ur) v. t. To exceed in meas- 
ure orextent. Brown. 

OUT'MoST, a. Farthest outward; most remote from the 
middle. Milton. 

t OUT-NaME', v. t. To exceed in naming or describing. 

OUT-NUM'BER, v. t. To exceed in number. 

OUT-PaCE', v. t. To outgo ; to leave behind. Chapman. 

0UT-PAR'A-Mc3UR, v. t. To exceed in keeping mistress- 
es, Shak. 

OUT'PAR-ISH, 71. A parish lying without the walls, or on 
the border. Graunt. 

OUT'PART, n. A part remote from the centre or main part. 
Ayliffe. 

OUT-PASS', v. t. To pass beyond ; to exceed m progress. 

OUT-POISE', (out-poiz') v. t. To outweigh. Howell. 

OUT'PoRCH, n. An entrance. Milton. 

OUT'PoRT, n. A port at some distance from the city of 
London. Ash. 

OUT'PoST, ?t. 1. A post or station without the limits of a 
camp, or at a distance from the main body of an army. 
2. Tlie troops placed at such a station. 

OUT-PoUR', V. t. 1. To pour out ; to send forth inastream. 
Milton. 2. To effuse. 

OUT'PoUR-ING, n. A pouring out ; effusion. Miner. 

OUT-PRaY', v. t. To exceed in prayer or in earnestness of 
entreaty. Scott. 

OUT-PReACH', v. t. To surpass in preaching ; to produce 
more effect in inculcating lessons or trutli, J. Trumbull. 

OUT-PRiZE', V. t. To exceed in value or estimated worth 

OUT'RAGE, v. t. [Fr, outrager.] To treat with violence 
and wrong ; to abuse by rude or insolent language ; to in- 
jure by rough, lude treatment of any kind. 

OUT'RAGE, V. i. To commit exorbitances ; to be guilty of 
violent rudeness, Ascham. 

OUT'RAGE, n. [Fr.] Injurious violence offered to persons 
or things ; excessive abuse ; wanton mischief. 

0UT-Ra'6E0US, a. [It, oltraggioso ; Fr, outrageux.] i. 



See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, Zon^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;- 



t Obsolete. 



OUT 



579 



OVE 



Violent ; furious ; exorbitant ; exceeding all bounds of 
moderation. 2. Excessive ; exceeding reason or decen- 
cy. 3. Enormous ; atrocious. 4. Tumultuous ; turbu- 
ent. 

OUT-Ea'6EOUS-LY, adv. With great violence ; furious- 
ly ; excessively. South. 

OUT-Ra'GEOUS-NESS, n. Fury ; violence ; enormity, 

OQT-RaZE'j v. t. To raze to extermination. Saiidys. 

OU-TRE', (oo-tra') a. [Fr.] Being out of the common course 
or limits ; extravagant. Oeddes. 

OUT-ReACH', v. t. To go or extend beyond. Brown. 

OUT-ReA'SON, V, t. To excel or surpass in reasoning. 

OUT-RE€K'ON, T.t. To exceed in assumed computation. 

OUT-REIGN', (out-rane') v. t. To reign through the whole 
of. 

OUT-RlDE', V. t. To pass by riding ; to ride faster than. 
Hall. _ 

OUT-RlDE', V. i. To travel about on horseback, or in a ve- 
hicle. Addison. 

OUT'RiD-ER, n. 1. A summoner whose office is to cite 
men before the sheriff; [o&s.j 2. One who travels about 
on horseback. 3. An attending sei-vant. 

OUT'RIG-GER, n. In seamen^s language, a strong beam 
fixed on the side of a ship, and projecting from it, in order 
to secure the masts in the operation of careening. 

OUT'RiGHT, adv. 1. Immediately ; without delay ; at 
once. jMrbuthnot. 2. Completely. Addison. 

OUT-Rl|VAL, V. t. To surpass in excellence. Addison. 

OUT-RoAR', V. t. To exceed in roaring. Shak. 

OUT'RODE, n. An excursion. 1 Mace. xv. 

OUT-ROOT', V. t. To eradicate ; to extirpate. Rowe. 

OUT-RUN', V. t. 1. To exceed in running ; to leave behind 
in running, Dryden. 2. To exceed. 

OUT-SaIL', v. t. To sail faster than ; to leave behind in 
sailing, Broome. 

t OUT-S€aPE', 71. Power of escaping. Chapman. 

OUT-S€ORN', V. t. To bear down or confront by con- 
tempt ; to despise. 

OUT-S€OUR'INGS, n. [out and scour.'] Substances wash- 
ed or scoured out. Buckland. 

OUT-SELL', V. t. 1, To exceed in amount of sales. 2. 
To exceed in the prices of things sold. 3. To gain a high- 
er price. 

OUT'SET, 71. Beginning ; first entrance on any business. 
Smith. 

OUT-SHlNE', V. t. 1. To send forth brightness or lustre. 
2. To excel in lustre or excellence. Addison. 

OUT-SHOOT', V. t. 1. To exceed m shooting, Dryden. 2. 
To shoot beyond, JVorris. 

OUT-SHUT', V. t. To shut out or exclude. Donne. 

OUT-SlDE', 71. 1. The external part of a thing ; the part, 
end or side which forms the surface or superficies. 2. 
Superficial appearance ; exterior, 3, Person ; external 
man. 4. The part or place that lies without or beyond 
an inclosure. 5. The utmost. 

t OUT-SIN', V. t. To sin beyond. Killingbeck. 

OUT-SIT', V. t. To sit beyond the time of any thing. 

OUT-SKIP', V. t. To avoid by flight. B. Jonson. 

OUT'SKIRT, n. Border ; outpost ; suburb. Clarendon. 

OUT-SLEEP', V. t. To sleep beyond. Shak. 

OUT-SoAR', V. t. To soar beyond. Gov. of the Tongue. 

OUT-SOUND', v. t. To surpass in sound. Hammond. 

OUT-SPeAK', v. t. To speak something beyond ; to exceed. 
Shak. 

OUT-SPoRT', V. t. To sport beyond ; to outdo in sporting. 

OUT-SPREAD', V. t. To extend ; to spread ; to diffuse. 

OUT-STAND', V. t. 1. To resist effectually ; to withstand ; 
to sustain without yielding ; [I. u.] Woodward. 2. To 
stand beyond the proper time. Shak. 

OUT-STAND', V. i. To project outwards from the main 
body, 

OUT-STAND'ING, ppr. 1. Resisting effectually; [I. u.] 
2, Projecting outward. 3, Not collected ; unpaid. Ham- 
ilton. 

OUT-STARE', V. t. To face down ; to browbeat ; to out- 
face with effrontery. Shak. 

OUT-STEP', V. t. To step or go beyond ; to exceed. 

OUT-STORM', v. t. To overbear by storming. J. Barlow. 

OUT'STREET, n. A street in the extremities of a town. 

OUT-STRETCH', v. t. To extend ; to stretch or spread out ; 
to expand. Milton. 

OUT-STRlDE', V. t. To surpass in striding. B. Jonson. 

OUT-STRIP', v.t. To outgo; to outrun; to advance be- 
yond. 

OUT-SWEaR', v.t. To exceed in swearing ; to overpower 
by swearing. Shak. 

OUT-SWEET'EN, v. t. To exceed in sweetness, Shak. 

OUT-SWELL', V. t. To overflow ; to exceed in swelling. 

t OUT-TAKE', 7w-e;>. Except. Oower. 

OUT-TALK', (out-tawk') v. t. To overpower by talking ; to 
exceed injalking, Shak. 

OUT-THRoW, v. t. To throw out or beyond. Swift. 

0UT-T6NGUE', (out-tung') v. t. To bear down by talk, 
clamor or noise, Shak. 



t OUT-TOP , V. t. To overtop. Williams. 

OUT-VAL'UE, V. t. To exceed in price or value, Boyle 

OUT-VEN'OM, V. t. To exceed in poison, Shak. 

OUT-ViE', V. t. To exceed ; to surpass. Addison. 

OUT-VIL'LAIN, V. t. To exceed in villainy. Shak. 

t OUT- VOICE', V. t. To exceed in roaring or clamor. 

OUT-VoTE', V. t. To exceed in the number of votes given , 

to defeat by plurality of suffrages. South. 
-OUT-WALK', (out-wawk') v. t. 1. To walk faster than ; 
to leave behind in walking, 2, To exceed the walking 
of a spectre, 

OUT'WALL, n. 1. The exterior wall of a building or for- 
tress, 2. Superficial appearance, Shak. 

OUT'WARD, a [Sax utweard, or uteweard.] 1, Exter- 
nal ; exterior ; forming the superficial part. 2. External ; 
visible ; opposed to inward. 3. Extrinsic ; adventitious. 
4, Foreign ; not intestine ; as an outward war ; lobs,] 5. 
Tending to the exterior part, — 6, In Scripture, civil ; pub- 
lic, 1 Chron. xxvi, — 7, In theology, carnal ; fleshly ; cor 
poreal ; not spiritual, 

OUT'WARD, 71, External form. Shak. 

OUT'WARD, or OUT'WARDS, adv. 1. To the outer 
parts ; tending or directed towards the exterior. 2. From 
a port or country. 

OUT' WARD-BOUND', a. Proceeding from a port or 
countrv. 

OUT'WARD-LY, adv. 1. Externally; opT?osei to inwardly. 
2. In appearance ; not sincerely. 

OUT-WASH', V. t. To wash out; to cleanse from, [L. u.] 

OUT- WATCH', V. t. To surpass in watching. B. Jonson. 

OUT-WEaR', v. t. 1. To wear out ; [obs.] 2. To pass 
tediously to the end. 3. To last longer than something 

OUT-WEED', v. t. To weed out; to extirpate. 

OUT^WEEP', V. t. To exceed in weeping, Dryden. 

OUT-WEIGH', (out-wa') v. t. 1. To exceed in weight. 2. 
To exceed in value, influence or importance. 

t OUT-WELL',- V. t. or i. To pour out. Spenser. 

OUT-WENT', pret. of outgo. 

OUT-WHoRE', V. t. To exceed in lewdness. Pope. 

t OUT-WIN', V. t. To get out of. Spenser. 

OUT-WiND', V. t. To extricate by winding ; to unloose. 

OUT-WING', V. t. To move faster on the wing ; to out 
strip. Garth. 

OUT-WIT', v.t. To surpass in design or stratagem; to 
overreach ; to defeat by superior ingenuity. 

OUT'WoRK, n. The part of a fortification most remote 
from the main fortress or citadel. Bacon. 

OUT-WoRN', pp. Worn out ; consumed by use. 

OUT-WoRTH', V. t. To exceed in value, Shak. 

OUT-WREST', (out-resf) v. t. To extort ; to draw from 
or forth by violence, Spenser. 

OUT- WRITE', (out-rite') v. t. To surpass in writing. 

OUT-WROUGHT', (out-rawf) pp. Outdone ; exceeded in 
act or efficacy. 

OUT-Za'NY, V. t. To exceed in buffoonery. 

O'VAL, a. [Fr. ovale; L, ovum.] 1. Of the shape or figure 
of an egg ; oblong ; curvilinear ; resembling the longitu- 
dinal section of an egg. It is sometimes synonymous 
with elliptical. 2, Pertaining to eggs ; done in the egg. 

O'VAL, 71. A body or figure in the shape of an egg. Watts. 

0-Va'RI-OUS, a. Consisting of eggs, Thomson. 

O'VA-RY, 77. [Fr. ovaire ; L. ovarium.] The part of a fe- 
male animal in which the eggs are formed or lodged ; or 
the part in which the fetus is supposed to be formed. 

O'VATE ) 

O'VA-TED, j "■' t^* <'^<^*^-l Egg-shaped, 

6'VATE-LAN'CE-O-LATE, a. Having something of the 
form of an egg and a lance, inclining to the latter. 

O'VATE-SUB'U-LATE, a. Having something of the form 
of an egg and an awl. 

O-Va'TION, n. [L. ovatio.] In Roman antiquity, a lesser 
triumph. 

O'VA-TO-OB'LONG, a. Oblong in the shape of an eggj or 
with the end lengthened. Martyn. 

OV'EN, (uv'n) n. [Sax., G. of en ; J), oven; Dan. ovn.] An 
arch of brick or stone work, for baking bread and other 

_ things for food. 

O'VER, prep. [Sax. ober, ofer ; Goth, ufar ; G. uber ; D., 
Dan, over.] 1, Across ; from side to side, 2, Above in 
place or position ; opposed to below. 3. Above, denoting 
superiority in excellence, dignity or value. 4. Above in 
authority, implying the right or power of superintending 
or governing ; opposed to under. 5. Upon the surface or 
whole surface ; through the whole extent. 6, Upon. 7. 
During the whole time ; from beginning to end, 8. Above 
the top ; covering ; immersing, — Over, in poetry, is often 
contracted into o'er. 

O'VER, adv. I, From side to side ; as, a board a foot over. 
2, On the opposite side. 3, From one to another by 
passing. 4. From one country to another by passing, 5. 
On the surface, 6, Above the top. 7. More than the 
quantity assigned ; beyond a limit. 8. Throughout ; from 
beginning to end ; completely. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J j S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete . 



OVE 



580 



OVE 



Over arid over, lepeatedly ; once and again. Harte. — Over 
again, once more ; with repetition. Dryden.—Ovcr and 
above, besides ; beyond what is supposed or limited. — 
Over against, opposite ; in front. Addison. — Over is used 
with rolling or turning from side to side ; as, to turn over. 
— To give over. 1. To cease from. 2. To consider as in 
a hopeless state. — Over, in composition, denotes spreading, 
covering above, as in overcast, overflow ; or across, as, to 
overhear ; or above, as, to overhang ; or turning, changing 
sides, as in overturn ; or, more generally, beyond, imply- 
ing excess or superiority, as in overact, overcome. 

\^6'YER, v. t. To get over. Pegge. 

O'VER, a. 1. Past. 2. Upper ; covering. 

O-VER-A-BOUND', v. i. To abound more than enough ; to 

_ be superabundant. Pope. 

Q VER-A€T', V. t. To act or perform to excess. 

6-\ER-A€T^, V. i. To act more than is necessary. 

O-VER-AG'I-TATE, v. t. To agitate or discuss beyond 

_ what is expedient. Hall. 

O VER-ALLS, 71. A kind of trowsers. 

O-VER-ANX'IOUS, a. Anxious to excess. 

O-VER-ARCH', V. t. To arch over ; to cover with an arch. 

O-VER-AWE', (o-ver-aw') v. t. To restrain by awe, fear or 
superior influence. Spenser. 

6-VER-BAL'ANCE, v. t. To weigh down 5 to exceed in 

_ weight, value or importance. 

O-VER-BAL'ANCE, n. Excess of weight or value ; some- 
thing more than an equivalent. Locke. 

\ O-VER-BAT'TLE, a. Too fruitful ; exuberant. 

O-VER-BEaR', v. t. To bear down ; to repress ; to subdue. 

O-VER-BEaR'ING, ppr. 1. Bearing down ; repressing. 
2. a. Haughty and dogmatical ; disposed or tending to 
repress or subdue by insolence or effrontery. 

0-VER-BEND', v. t. To bend or stretch to excess. 

O-VER-BID', V. t. 1. To bid or offer beyond. 2. To bid or 

_ offer more than an equivalent. 

O-VER-BLoW, V. i. 1. To blow with too much violence; 
a seaman^s phrase. 2. To blow over, or be past its vio- 
lence ; [obs.] 

O-VER-BLoW, v.t. To blow away ; to dissipate by wind. 

O-VER-BLoWN', pp. Blown by and gone ; blown away ; 

_ driven by ; past. Dryden. 

O-VER-BoARD', adv. [over, and Fr. lord.] Out of a ship 
or from on board ; as, to fall overboard. 

O-VER-BROW, V. t. To hang over. Collins. 

O-VER-BUILT', (o-ver-bilf) pp. Built over. Milton. 

f O-VER-BULK', V. t. To oppress by bulk. Shak. 

O-VER-BUR'DEN, v. t. To load with too great weight. 

O-VER-BUR'DENED, pp. Overloaded. 

O-VER-BURN', V. t. To burn too much. Mortimer. 

O-VER-BUS'Y, (o-ver-biz'zy) a. Too busy ; officious. 

0-VER-BU1?', V. t. To buy at too dear a rate. Dryden. 

O-VER-CAN'O-PY, v. t. To cover as with a canopy. 

0-VER-€ARE', n. Excessive care or anxiety. Dryden. 

0-VER-€ARE'FUL, a. Careful to excess. 

0-VER-€AR'RY, v. t. To carry too far; to carry or urge 
beyond the proper point. Hayward. 

O-VER-OAST', V. t. 1. To cloud ; to darken ; to cover 
with gloom. 2. To cast or compute at too high a rate ; to 
rate too high. 3. To sew over. 

O-VER-CAST', pp. Clouded ; overspread with clouds or 
gloom. 

O-VER-CAU'TIOUS, a. Cautious or prudent to excess. 

O-VER-CiiARGE', v. t. 1. To charge or load to excess ; to 
cloy ; to oppress. 2. To crowd too much. 3. To burden. 
4. To fill to excess ; to surcharge. 5. To load with too 
great a charge. 6. To charge too much ; to enter in an 
account more than is just. 

0'VER-CHAR6E, n. 1. An excessive load or burden. 2. 
A charge in an account of more than is just. 3. A charge 
beyond what is proper. 

0-VER-€LlMB', v. t. To climb over. Su7-rey. 

O-VER-CLOUD', v. t. To cover or overspread with clouds. 

6-VER-€L6Y', v. t. To fill beyond satiety. Shak. 

0-VER-€oLD', a. Cold to excess. Wiseman. 

O-VER-CoME', v. t. i. To conquer ; to vanquish ; to sub- 
due. 2. To surmount ; to get the better of. 3. To over- 
flow ; to surcharge ; [obs.] 4. To come upon ; to in- 
vade ; [obs.] 

6-VER-C6ME', v. i. To gain the superiority ; to be victo- 
_ rious. 

oVER-CoM'ER, n. One who vanquishes or surmounts. 

O-VER-eoM'ING-LY, adv. With superiority. More. 

O-VER-€0N'FI-DENCE, n. Excessive confidence. 

O-VER-CORN', v. t. To corn to excess. Addison. 

O-VER-COUNT', v. t. To rate above the true value. Shak. 

0-VER-€oV'ER, v. t. To cover completely. Shak. 

O-VER-CRED'U-LOUS, a. Too apt to believe. Shak 

■{^OVER-CRoW, v.t. To crow as in triumph. Spenser. 

O-VER-€U'RI-0US, a. Curious or nice to excess. Bacon. 

O-VER-DaTE', v. t. To date beyond the proper period. 

t O-VER-DlGHT', a. Covered over. Spenser. 

O-VER-DIL'I-GENT, a. Diligent to excess. 

O-VER-DO', V. t. 1. To do or perform too much. 2. To 



harass ; to fatigue ; to oppress by too much action or labor 
_ 3. To boil, bake or roast too much. 
O VER-DO', V. i. To labor too hard ; to do too much. 
O-VER-UoNE', pp. 1. Overacted ; acted to excess. 2. 

Wearied or oppressed by too much labor 3. Boiled, 

baked or roasted too much. 
g'VER-DOSE, n. Too great a dose. 
O-VER-DRAW',?;. t. To draw beyond the proper limits 
O-VER-DRESS', v. t. To dress to excess 
O-VER-DRINK', v. t. To drink to excess 
O-VER-DRlVE', V. t. To drive too hard, or beyond strength 
O-VER-DRY', V. t. To dry too much. Burton. 
O-VER-eAG'ER, a. Too eager ; too vehement in desire. 
O-VER-eAG'ER-LY, adv. With excessive eagerness. 
O-VER-eAG'ER-NESS, n. Excess of earnestness. 
O-VER-eAT', v. t. To eat to excess. 
O-VER-EL'E-GANT, a. Elegant to excess. Johnson. 
O-VER-EMP'TY, v. t. To make too empty. Carew. 
O-VER-EyE', v.t. 1. To superintend ; to inspect; [I u. . 

2. To observe ; to remark. Shak. 
O'VER-FALL, n. A cataract ; the fall of a river. Raleigh 
O-VER-FA-TiGUE', (o-ver-fa-teeg') n. Excessive fatigue 
6-VER-FA-TIGUE', (o-ver-fa-teeg') v. t. To fatigue to 



O-VER-FEED', v. t. To feed to excess. Dryden. 

O-VER-FILL', v. t. To fill to excess ; to surcharge. Dryden 

O-VER-FLoAT', v. t. To overflow ; to inundate. Dryden. 

O-VER-FLoUR'ISH, (o-ver-flur'ish) v. t. To make exces- 

_ sive display or flourish. Collier. 

O-VER-FLoW, V. t. 1. To spread over, as water ; to in- 
undate; to cover with water or other fluid. 2. To fill 
beyond the brim. 3. To deluge ; to overwhelm ; to cover, 
as with numbers. 

6-VER-FLoW', V. i. 1. To run over ; to swell and run 
over the brun or banks. 2. To be abundant ; to abound j 
to exuberate. 

O'VER-FLoW, n. An inundation ; superabundance. 

O-VER-FLoW'ING, ppr. Spreading over, as a fluid ; inun- 
dating ; running over the brim or banks. 

O-VER-FLoW'ING, a. Abundant ; copious ; exuberant. 

O-VER-FLoW'ING, n. Exuberance ; copiousness. 

O-VER-FLoW'ING-LY, adv. Exuberantly ; in great abun- 
dance. Boyle. 

O-VER-FLUSH', v. t. To flush to excess. 

O-VER-FLUSH'ED, (o-ver-flushf) pp. 1. Flushed to ex- 
cess ; reddened to excess. 2. Elated to excess. Addison. 

O-VER-FL"?', V. t. To pass over or cross by flight. Dryden. 

O-VER-FOR'WARD, a. Forward to excess. 

O-VER-FOR'WARD-NESS, a. Too great forwardness or 
readiness ; officiousness. Hale. 

6-VER-FREIGHT', (o-ver-firate') v. t. To load too heavily ; 
to fill with too great quantity or numbers. 

5-VER-FRuIT'FUL, a. Too rich ; producing superabun- 
dant crops. Dryden. 

t^O-VER-GET', v.t. To reach; to overtake. Sidney. 

O-VER-GILD', V. t. To gild over ; to varnish. 

O-VER-GiRD', V. t. To gird or bind too closely. 

O-VER-GLANCE', v. t. To glance over ; to run over with 

_ the eye. Shak. 

O-VER-Go', V. t. 1. To exceed ; to surpass. 2. To cover ; 

_ [obs.] 

O-VER-GONE', pp. Injured ; ruined. Shak. 

6-VER-GORGE', (o-ver-gorJO v. t. To gorge to excess. 

O-VER-GRASS'ED, (o-ver-grasf) pp. Overstocked with 
grass ; overgrown with grass. Spenser. 

O-VER-GREaT', a. Too great. Locke. 

O-VER-GRoW', v.t. 1. To cover with growth or herbage. 

_ 2. To grow beyond ; to rise above. Mortimer. 

O-VER-GRoW, v.i. To grow beyond the fit , or natural 

_ size. 

O-VER-GRoWTH', n. Exuberant or excessive growth. 

O-VER-HALE'. See Ov3ERHaul. 

6-VER-HAN'DLE, v. t. To handle too much ; to mention 
too often. Shak. 

O-VER-HANG', v.t. 1. To unpend or hang over. 2. To 
jut or project over. Milton. 

O-VER-HANG', v. i. To jut over. Milton. 

O-VER-HARD'EN, v. t. To harden too much ; to make too 
hard. Boyle. 

O-VER-HaST'I-LY, adv. In too much haste. Hales. 

O-VER-HaST'I-NESS, n. Too much haste ; precipitation. 

O-VER-HaST'Y, a. Too hasty ; precipitate. Hammond. 

O-VER-HAUL', v.t. 1. To spread over. 2. To turn over 
for examination ; to separate and inspect. 3. To draw 
over. 4. To examine again. 5. To gain upon in a chase ; 
to overtake. 

O-VER-HEAD', (o-ver-hed') adv. Aloft; above; in the 
zenith or ceiling. Milton. 

C-VER-HeAR', v. t. To hear by accident ; to hear what is 
not addressed to the hearer, or not intended to be heard 

_ by him. _ 

O-VER-HeARD', pp. Heard by accident. 

O-VER-HeAT', v. t. To heat to excess. Addison. 

t 6-VER-HeLE', v. t. To cover over. B. Jonson. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tj, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY i— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsaiew 



OVE 



581 



OVE 



O-VER-HEND', V. t. To overtake. Spenser. 

O-VER-JOY', V. t. To give great joy to ; to transport with 

_ gladness. Taylor. 

o'VER-JOY, n. Joy to excess; transport. 

0-VER-La'BOR, v. t. 1. To harass with toil. Dryden. 2. 
To execute with too much care. 

6-VER-LaDE', v. t. To load with too great a cargo or other 
burden. 

O-VER-La'DEN, pp. Overburdened ; loaded to excess. 

0-VER-1.A1DI, pp. Oppressed with weight; smothered; 

_ covered over. 

0-VER-LAR6E', a. Too large ; too great. Collier. 

0-VER-LaR6E'NESS, n. Excess of size. 

O-VER-LASH', V. i. 1. To exaggerate ; [little used.] Bar- 
row. 2. To proceed to excess ; [little used.] Boyle. 

1 O-VER-LASH'ING-LY, adv. With exaggeration. Brcre- 

_ wood. 

O-VER-LaY', «. t. 1. To lay too much upon ; to oppress 
with incumbent weight. 2. To cover or spread over the 
surface. 3. To smother with close covering. 4. To 
overwlielm ; to smother. 5. To cloud ; to overcast. 6. To 
cover ; to join two opposite sides by a cover 

O-VER-LaY'ING, n. A superficial covering. jEx. xxxviii. 

O-VER-LkAP'j v. t. To leap over ; to pass or move from 
side to side by leaping. Dryden. 

O'VER-LEATH-ER, \ 11. The leather which forms the 

0'V£R-LETH-ER, S upper part of a shoe ; that which 
is over the foot. [With us, this is called upper leather.] 

O-VER-LEAV'EN, (o-ver-lev'n) v. t. 1. To leaven too 
much ; to cause to rise and swell too much. 2. To mix 

_ too much witn ; to corrupt. 

O-VER-LIB'ER-AL, a. Too liberal ; too free ; abundant to 
excess. Bacon. 

O-VER-LIGHT', n. Too strong a light. Bacon. 

\ o'VER-LI-NESS, n. Carelessness ; superficial n ess. Wa- 
terhouse. 

O-VER-LlVE', (o-ver-liv') v. t. To outlive ; to live longer 
than another ; to survive. Sidney. 

O-VER-LTVE', (o-ver-liv') v. i. To Uve too long. Milton. 

O-VER-LIV'ER, 71. One that lives longest; a survivor. 

_ Bacon. 

O-VER-LoAD', v. t. To load with too heavy a burden or 
cargo ; to fill to excess. 

O-VER-LONG', a. Too long. Boijle. 

O-VER-LOOK', V. t. 1. To view from a higher place. 2. 
To stand in a more elevated place, or to rise so high as to 
afford the means of looking down on. 3. To see from 
behind or over the shoulder of another ; to see from a 
higher position. 4. To view fully ; to peruse. 5. To 
inspect ; to superintend ; to oversee ; implying care and 
watchfulness. 6. To review ; to examine a second time 
or with care. 7. To pass by indulgently ; to excuse ; not 
to punish or censure. 8. To neglect ; to slight. 

0-VER-L(X)K'ER. n. One that overlooks, 

0-VER-L66P', now written orlop, which see. 

0-VER-L6VE', V. t. To love to excess ; to prize or value 
too much. Hall. 

t O'VER-LY, a. [Sax. o/erZice.] Careless; negligent; in- 
attentive. Hall. 

O-VER-MAST', V. t. To furnish with a mast or with masts 
that are too long or too heavy for the weight of keel. 

O-VER-MAST'ED, pp. Having masts too long or too heavy 
for the ship. Mar. Diet. 

O-VER-MAST'ER, v. t. To overpower ; to subdue ; to 

_ vanquish ; to govern. Milton. 

O-VER-MATCe , V. t. To be too powerful for ; to conquer ; 

_ to subdue ; to oppress by superior force. 

O-VER-MATCH', n. One superior in power ; one able to 

_ overcome. Milton. 

O-VER-MEAS'URE, (o-ver-mezh'ur) v. t. To measure or 
estimate too largely. Bacon. 

O-VER-MEAS'URE, (o-ver-mezh'ur) n. Excess of meas- 
ure ; something that exceeds tlie measure proposed. 

1 6-VER-MI€'KLE, a. [Sax. ofermicel.] Overmuch. 
Creech. 

O-VER-MIX', V. t. To mix with too much. Creech. 

O-VER-MOD'EST, a. Modest to excess ; bashful. 

O'VER-MoST, a. Highest ; over the rest in authority. 

O-VER-MUCH', 'iz. Too much ; exceeding what is neces- 

_ sary or proper. Locke. 

O-VER-MUCH", adv. In too great a degree. Hooker. 

O-VER-MUCH', 71. More than sufficient. Milton. 
6-VER-MUCH'NESS, 71. Superabundance. B. Jonson 

t o-VER-MUL'TI-TUDE, v. t. To exceed in number 

t o-VER-NaME', v. t. To name over or in a series. Shak. 

O-VER-NeAT', a. Excessively neat. Spectator. 

O-VER-NTGHT', n. Night before bed-time. Shak. 

O-VER-NOISE', (o-ver-noiz') v. t. To overpower by noise. 

O-VER-OF-FEND'ED, a. Offended to excess. Steele. 

+ o-VER-OF'FICE, V. t. To lord by virtue of an office. 
Shak. 

0-VER-OF-Fl"CIOUS, a. Too busy, too ready to inter- 
meddle ; too importunate. Collier. 

o-VER-PaINT', v. t. To color or describe too strongly. 



O-VER-PASS', V. t. 1. To cross ; to go over. 2. To over- 
look ; to pass without regard. 3. To omit, as in reckon 
ing. 4. To omit ; not to receive or include. 

6-VER-PASS'ED, (o-ver-paBf) ; pp. Passed by ; passed 

O-VER-PAST', \ away ; gone ; past. S/tafc. 

O-VER-PaY'j v. t. 1. To pay too much or more than is 
due. 2. To reward beyond the price or merit. Pri&r. 

t_0-VER-PEER', v.t. To overlook; to hover over. Shak. 

O-VER-PeO'PLE, v. t. To overstock with inhabitants. 

O-VER-PERCH', V. t. To perch over or above ; to fly over. 

O-VER-PER-SUaDE', v. t. To persuade or influence 
against one's inclination or opinion. Pope. 

O-VER-PICT'URE, v. t. To exceed the representation or 
picture. Shak. 

O'VER-PLUS, 71. [over, and L. plus.] Surplus ; that whicli 
remains after a supply, or beyond a quantity proposed. 

O-VER-PLY', v. t. 'Lo ply to excess ; to exert with too 
much vigor. Milton. 

O-VEU-POISE', (o-ver-poiz') v.t. To outweigh. Broicn 

O-VER-POISE', (o-ver-poiz') n. Preponderant weight. 
Dryden. 

O-VER-POL'ISH, v.t. To polish too much. Blackwall. 

O-VER-PON'DER-OUS, a. Too heavy ; too depressing. 

O-VER-PoST', V. t. To hasten over quickly. Shak. 

O-VER-POW'ER, V. t. 1. To affect with a power or force 
that cannot be borne. 2. To vanquish by force ; to sub- 
due ; to reduce to silence in action or submission ; to 
defeat. 

O-VER-PRESS', V. t. 1. To bear upon with irresistible 
force ; to crush ; to overwhelm. Swift. 2. To overcome 

_ by importunity. 

O-VER-PRiZE', V. t. To value or prize at too high a rate. 

O-VER-PROMPT', a. Too prompt; too ready or eager. 

O- VER-PROMPT'NESS, n. Excessive promptness ; precip- 
itation. 

O-VER-PRO-PoR'TION, v. t. To make of too great pro- 
portion. 

O-VER-aUl'ET-NESS, n. Too much quietness. Brown. 

O-VER-RaKE', v. t. To break in upon a ship. Mar. Diet 

O-VER-RANK', a. Too rank or luxuriant. Mortimer. 

O-VER-RaTE', v. t. To rate at too much ; to estimate at a 
value or_amount beyond the truth. Dryden. 

O-VER-ReACH', v.t. ]. 'J'o reach beyond in any direc- 
tion ; to rise above; to extend beyond. 2. To deceive by 

_ artifice ;_to cheat. 

O-VER-ReACH', v. i. Applied to horses, to strike the toe 
of the hind foot against the heel or shoe of the fore foot. 

O-VER-ReACH', 7t. The act of striking the heel of the fore 
foot with the toe of the hind foot. Kncyc. 

O-VER-ReACH'ER, 71. One that overreaches; one that 

_ deceives^ 

O-VER-ReACH'ING, 71. The act of deceiving ; a reaching 
too far. 

t O-VER-ReAD', v. t. To read over ; to peruse. Shak 

\ O-VER-RED', v. t. To smear with a red color. Shak. 

t O-VER-RIDE', V. t. 1. To ride over. Chaucer. 2. To 

_ ride too much ; to ride beyond the strength of the horse. 

S:vi|:mS'bEN,|^^-^i'itoexcess. 

O-VER-RlP'EN, V. t. To make too ripe. Shak. 

O-VER-RoAST', v. t. To roast too much. Shak. 

O-VER-RuLE', V. t. 1. To influence or control by pre- 
dominant power ; to subject to superior authority. 2. To 
govern with high authority. — 3. In law, to supersede or 

_ reject. 

O-VER-RuL'ER, n. One who controls, directs or governs. 

6-VER-RuL'ING, ppr. 1. Controlling ; subjecting to au- 

_ thority. 2. a. Exerting superior and controlling power. 

O-VER-RUN', V. t. 1. To run or spread over; to grow 
over ; to cover all over. 2. To march oi- rove over ; to 
harass by hostile incursions ; to ravage. 3. To outrun , 
to run faster than another and leave him behind. 4. To 
overspread with numbers. 5. To injure by treading 
down. — 6. Among printers, to change the disposition of 
types, and carry those of one line into another, either in 
correction, or in the contraction or extension of columns. 

C-VER-RUN', v.i. To overflow ; to run over. Smith. 

O-VER-RUN'NER, n. One that overruns. 

0-VER-RUN'NlNG,p;)r. Spreading over ; ravaging ; chang • 
ing the disposition of types. 

6-VER-SAT'U-RATE,7) t. To saturate to excess. 

O-VER-S AT'U-RA-TED, p;>. More than saturated. 

6-VER-SAT'U-RA-TING, ppr. Saturating to excess. 

O-VER-SCRU'PU-LOUS, a. Scrupulous to excess. 

O-VER-SeA', a. Foreign ; from beyond sea. Wils6n. 

O-VER-SEE', V. t. 1. To superintend; to overlook, imply; 
ing care. 2. To pass unheeded ; to omit ; to neglect ; [obs.' 

O-VER-SEEN', pp. 1. Superintended. 2. Mistaken ; de ■ 
ceived ; [obs.] Hooker. 

O-VER-SEER', 71. 1. One who overlooks ; a superintend 
ent ; a supervisor. 2. An officer who has the care of the 
poor or of an idiot, &c. 

O-VER-SET', v.t. }. To turn from the proper position or 
basis ; to turn upon the side, or to turn bottom upwards. 



* See Synopsis. M5VE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obaclete 



OVE 



582 



OVI 



S. To subvert ; to overthrow. 3, To throw off the proper 
foundation. 
0-VER-SET', V. L To turn or be turned over ; to turn or 
_ fall off the basis or bottom. 

O-VER-SHaDE', v.t.To cover with shade ; to cover with 
_ any thing that causes darkness ; to render dark or gloomy. 
OVER-SHAD'oW, v. t. 1. To throw a shadow over 3 to 
overshade. 2. To shelter ; to protect ; to cover with pro- 
tecting influence. 
O-VER-SHAD'oW-ER, n. One that throws a shade over 

any thing. Bacon. 
C-VER-SHAD'oW-ING, ppr. Throwing a shade over ; pro- 
tecting. 
O-VER-SHOOT', V. t. 1. To shoot beyond the mark. Tillot- 
son. 2. To pass swiftly over. Harte. — To overshoot one's 
self, to venture too far ; to assert too much. 
C-VER-SHOOT', V. i. To fly beyond the mark. Collier. 
O-VER-SHOT', pp. Shot beyond. 

6'VER-SHOT, a. An overshot wheel is one that receives 
_ the Water, shot over the top, on the descent. 
O VER-SlGHT, n. 1. Superintendence ; watchful care. 
1 Pet. V. 2. Mistake ; an overlooking ; omission ; error. 
6-VER-SlZE', V. t. 1. To surpass in bulk or size ; [little 

used.] Sandys. 2. To cover with viscid matter. Shak. 
6-VER-SKIP', V. t. 1. To skip or leap over ; to pass by leap- 
ing. 2. To pass over. 3. To escape. 
O-VER-SLEEF, v. t. To sleep too long. 
6-VER-SLIP', V. t. To slip or pass without notice ; to pass 

undone, unnoticed or unused ; to omit ; to neglect. 
O-VEE-SLoW, V. t. To render slow ; to check ; to curb ; 

[not used.'^ Hammond. 
6-VER-SNoW, v.t. To cover with snow. [Little used.] 

Dryden._ 
6-VER-SoLD', pp. Sold at too high a price. Dryden. 
O-VER-SOON', adv. Too soon. Sidney. 
O-VER-SOR'ROW, v. t. To grieve or afiiict to excess. 
O-VER-SPAN', V t. To reach or extend over. 
O-VER-SPeAK', t t. To speak too much ; to use too many 

words. Hales. 
O-VER-SPENT'j vp. Harassed or fatigued to an extreme de- 
gree. Dryden. 
O-VER-SPRE AD', (o-ver-spred') v. t. 1. To spread over ; to 

cover over. 2. To scatter over. 
6-VER-SPREAD', (o-ver-spred') v. i. To be spread or scat- 
tered over. 
6-VER-STAND', v. t. To stand too much on price or condi- 
tions ; to lose a sale by holding the price too high- 
t O-VER-STARE', v. t. To stare wildly. Ascham. 
O-VER-STEP', V. t. To step over or beyofld ; to exceed. 

Sliak. 
O-VER-STOCK', n. Superabundance ; more than is suffi- 
cient. 
6-VER-ST0€K', v. t. 1. To fill too full ; to crowd ; to sup- 
ply with more than is wanted. 2. To furnish with more 
cattle than are wanted. 3. To supply with more seed 
than is wanted. 
6-VER-SToRE', V. t. To store with too much ; to supply or 

fill with superabundance. Hale. 
6-VER-STRaIN', v. i. To strain to excess ; to make too vio- 
lent efforts. Dryden. 
O-VER-STRaIN', v. t. To stretch too far. Aylife. 
O-VER-STREW, or o-VER-STRoW, v. t. To spread or 

scatter over. Shak. 
0-VER-STRl_KE', v. t. To strike beyond. Spenser. 
O-VER-STRoWN', pp. Spread or scattered over. Barlow. 
O-VER-SUP-PL"?', V. t. To furnish more than is sufficient. 
6-VER-SWaY', v. t. To overrule ; to bear down ; to con- 
trol. Hooker. 
O-VER-SWELL', v. t. To swell or rise above ;''to overflow. 
O'VERT, a. [Fr. ouvert.] Open to view ; public ; apparent. 

Blackstone. 
O-VER-TaKE', v. t. 1. To come up with in a course, pur- 
suit, progress or motion ; to catch. 2. To come upon ; to 
fall on afterwards. 3. To take by surprise. 
O-VER-TASK', V. t. To impose too heavy a task or injunc- 
tion on. Harvey. 
6-VER-TAX', V. t. To tax too heavily. 
6-VER-TeD'IOUS, a. Too slow ; too tedious. Doyine. 
6-VER-THRoW', V. t. 1. To turn upside down. Taylor. 
2. To throw down. 3. To ruin ; to demolish. 4. To de- 
feat ; to conquer ; to vanquish. .5. To subvert ; to de- 
stroy. 
O'VER-THRoW, n. 1. The state of being overturned or 
turned off the basis. 2. Ruin ; destrurtion. 3. Defeat ; 
discomfiture. 4. Degradation. 
O-VER-THRoW'ER, n. One that overthrows, defeats or 

destroys. 
O-VER-THWART , a. ] . Opposite ; being over the way or 
street. 2. Crossing at right angles. 3. Cross ; perverse ; 
adverse ; contradictious. 
6-VER-THWART', prep. Across ; from side to side. 
O-VER-THWART', v. t. To oppose. Stapleton. 
O-VER-THWART 'LY, adv. 1. Across; transversely. 
Peacham. 2! Perversely. 



O-VER-THWART'NESS, n. 1. The state of being athwart 

_ or lyingacross. 2. Perverseness ; pervicacity. 

O-VER-TiRE', V. t. To tire to excess ; to subdue by fatigue. 
Milton. 

O-VER-TI'TLE, V. t. To give too high a title to. Fuller. 

O'VERT-LY, adv. Openly ; in open view ; publicly. 

g-VER-TOOK', pret. of overtake. 

O-VER-TOP', v. t. 1. To rise above the top. 2. To excel ; 
to surpass. 3 To obscure ; to make of less importance by 
superior excellence. 

O-VER-TOW'ER, v. t. To soar too high. Fuller. 

O-VER-TRIP', V. t. To trip over ; to walk nimbly over. 

O-VER-TRoW, V. i. [Sax. oferturwan.] To be over-con- 

_ fident ; to think too highly. Wickliffe. 

O-VER-TRUST', v. t. To trust with too much confidence. 

O VER-TURE, n. [Fr. ouverture.] 1. Opening ; disclosure ; 
discovery. 2. Proposal ; something offered for considera- 
tioh, acceptance or rejection. 3. The opening piece, pre- 
lude or symphony of some public act, ceremony or enter- 

_ tainment. 

0-VE.R-TURN', V. t. ]. To overset ; to turn or throw from 
a basis or foundation. 2. To subvert ; to ruin ; to destroy. 
3. To overpower ; to conquer. 

O'VER-TURN, n. State of being overturned or subverted ; 

_ overthrown. 

G-VER-TURN'A-BLE, a. That may be overturned. [L. u.] 

O-VER-TURN'ED, (o-ver-turnd') pp. Overset ; overthrown. 

O-VER-TURN'ER, ?i. One that overturns or subverts. 
Sicift. 

O-VER-TURN'ING, ppr. Oversetting ; overthrowing ; sub- 

_ verting. 

O-VER-TURN'ING, n. An oversetting ; subversion ; change ; 

_ revolution. 

O-VER-VAL'UE, v. t. To rate at too high a price. 

0-VER-VEJL'' i '"' *• '^^ cover ; to spread over. Shak. 

0-VER-V5TE', v. t. To outvote ; to outnumber in votes 

_ given. K. Charles. 

O-VER-WATCH', v. t. To watch to excess ; to subdue by 
long want of rest. Dryden. 

6-VER-WATCH'ED, (o-ver-wotshf) a. Tired by too much 

_ watching. Sidney. 

O-VER-WeAK', a. Too weak ; too feeble. Raleigh. 

O-VER-WeA'RY, v. t. To subdue with fatigue. 

O-VER-WEATH'ER, (o-ver-weth'er) v. t. To bruise or bat- 

_ ter by violence of weather. 

O-VER-WEEN', v. i. 1. To think too highly ; to think ar- 
rogantly or conceitedly. 2. To reach beyond the truth in 
thought ; to think too favorably. 

O-VER-WEEN'ING, ppr. 1. Thinking too highly or conceit- 
edly. 2. a. That thinks too highly, particularly of one's 
self; conceited; vain. 

O-VER-WEEN'ING-LY, adv. With too much vanity or 
conceit. 

O-VER-WEIGH', V. t. To exceed in weight; to cause to 
preponderate ; to outweigh ; to overbalance. 

O'VER-WEIGHT, n. Greater weight ; preponderance. 

O-VER- WHELM', v. t. h To overspread or crush beneath 
something violent and weighty, that covers or encom- 
passes the whole. 2. To immerse and bear down ; in a 
figurative sense. 3. To overlook gloomily. 4. To put 
over ; [obs.] 

O'VER- WHELM, n. The act of overwhelming. Young. 

O-VER- WHELM'ING, ppr. Crushing with weight or num- 
bers. 

O-VER-WHELM'ING-LY, adv. In a manner to overwhelm. 

O-VER- WING', v. t. To outflank ; to extend beyond the 
wing of an army. Milton. 

O-VER- WISE', a. Wise to affectation. Ecclus. 

6-VER-WlSE'NESS, n. Pretended or affected wisdom. 

0-VER-W6RD', V. t. To say too much. 

O-VER-WoRK', V. t. To work beyond the strength ; to 
cause to labor too much ; to tire. South. 

O-VER-WoRN', a. 1. Worn out ; subdued by toil. Dryden. 
2. Spoiled by time. Shak. 

6-VER-WRES'TLE, (o-ver-res'l) v. t. To subdue by wres- 
tling. Spenser. 

O-VER- WROUGHT', (o-ver-rawt')^p. 1. i,abored to excess. 
Dryden. 2. Worked all over. Pope. 

I^O-VER-YeAR'ED, (o-ver-yeerd') a. Too old. Fairfax. 

O-VER-Ze AL'ED, (o-ver-zeeld') a. Too much excited with 
zeal ; ruled by too much zeal. Fuller. 

O-VER-ZEAL'OUS, (o-ver-zel«us) a. Too zealous ; eager to 

_ excess. Locke. 

O-VIC'U-LAR, a. [L. ovum.] Pertaining to an egg. 

0'VI-DU€T, n. [L. ovum and ductus.] In animals, a passage 
for the egg from the ovary to the womb, or a passage 
which conveys the egg from the ovary. 
O'VI-FORM, a. [L. ovum and forma.] Having the form or 

_ figure of an egg. 

O'VINE, a. [L. ovinus.] Pertaining to sheep ; consisting of 

sheep. 
O-VIP'A-ROUS, a. [L. ovum and pario.] Producing eggs 
or producing young from eggs. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, t!, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



PM 



583 



PAB 



6'VOID, a. [L. ovum, and Gr. eiSog.] Having the sbape of 

an egg. 
O'VO-LO, 71. In architecture, a round molding, tlie quarter 
of a circle ; called also the quarter round. 

OWE, (5) V. t. ; a regular verb ; pret. and pp. owed. [Sax. 
agan ; Goth, aigan ; Svi^. aga ; Ice, eg.] 1. To be indebted ; 
to be obliged or bound to pay. 2. To be obliged to ascribe 
to ; to be obliged for. 3. To possess ; to have ; to be the 
owner of. [This is the original sense, but now obsolete. 
In place of it, we use own, from the participle. Sec Own.] 
4. To be due or owing. 

oWE, V. i. To be bound or obliged. Bp. Fisher. 

OWING, ppr. [This is used in a passive form, contrary to 
analogy, for oiven or owed.] I. Due ; that moral obliga- 
tion requires to be paid. 2. Consequential ; ascribable to, 
as the cause. 3. Imputable to as an agent. 

OWL, n. [Sax. ula, ule ; D. uil.] A fowl of the genas 
strix, that flies chiefly in the night. 

OWL'ER, n. One that conveys contraband goods. 

OWL'ET, n. [Fr. hulotte.] An owl, which see. 

OWL'ING, w. The offense of transporting wool or sheep out 
of England, contrary to the statute. Blackstone. 

OWL'ISH, a. Resembling an owl . Oray. 

OWL'- LIGHT, n. Glimmering or imperfect light. 

OWL'-LiKE, a. Like an owl in look and habits. 

OWN, a. [Sax. agen ; Sw., Dan. egen ; D., G. eigen ; the 
participle of Sax. agan.] 1. Belonging to; possessed; 
peculiar ; usually expressing property with emphasis, or in 
express exclusion of others. It follows my, our, your, his, 
their, thy, her. 2. Own often follows a verb ; as, the book 
is not my own, that is, my own hook. 3. It is used as a 
substitute ; as, " that they may dwell in a place of their 
own.'" 2 Sam. vii. 4. " He came to his own, and his own 
received him not," that is, his own nation or people. 

6WN, V. t. [from the adjective.] 1. To have the legal or 
rightful title to ; to have the exclusive right of possession 
and use, 2. To have the legal right to, without the ex- 
clusive right to use. 3. To acknowledge to belong to ; to 
avow or admit that the property belongs to. 4. To avow ; 
to confess, as a fault, crime or other act ; that is, to ac- 
knowledge that one has done the act. 5, In general, to 
acknowledge ; to confess ; to avow ; to admit to be true ; 
not to deny. 

OWNED, pp. 1. The legal title being vested in. 2. Ac- 
knowledged ; avowed ; confessed, 

OWN'ER, n. The rightful proprietor ; one who has the legal 
or rightful title, whether he is the possessor or not. 

OWN'ER-SHIP, n. Property ; exclusive right of possession ; 

_ legal or just claim or title. 

OWN'ING, ppr. 1. Having the legal or just title to. 2. Ac- 
knowledging ; avowing ; confessing. 

t OWRE, n. [L. urus.] A beast. Mnsworth. 

OWSE, n. Bark of oak beaten or ground to small pieces. 

OW'SER, n. Bark and water mixed in a tan-pit. 

OX, n. ; plu. Oxen, (ox'n). [Sax. oxa ; G. ochs, ochse ; D. os ; 
Sw,, Dan, oxe.] The male of the bovine genus of quadru- 
peds, castrated and grown to his size or nearly so. 

OX'A-LATE, n. In chemistry, a salt formed by a combina- 
tion of the oxalic acid with a base. 

dX-AL'I€, a. [Gr. o^a\is.] Pertaining to sorrel. 

OX'BANE, 11. A plant, buphonos, Jiinsworth. 

OX'-E'fE, n. [ox and eye.] A plant. 

OX'E YED, a. Having large, full eyes, like those of an ox. 

OX'FLY, n. A fly hatched under the skin of cattle. 

OX'GANG, n, [ox and gang.] In ancient laws, as much 
landas an ox can plough in a year. 

OX'HeAL, n. A plant. Mnsworth. 

0X-I-0D'I€, a. Pertaining to or consisting of the compound 
of oxygen and iodine.- Webster's Manual. 

OX'LiKE, a. [ox and like.] Resembling an ox. Sandys. 

OX'LIP, n. A plant, the cowslip. 

OX'STALL, n. A stall or stand for oxen, 

OX'TEii, n. [Sax. oxtan.] The arm-pit, 

OX'ToNGUE. (ox'tung) n. A plant of the genus picris. 



OX'Y-CRATE, ri. [Gr. o^vs and Kepau>.] A mixture of wa= 
ter and vinegar. [Little used.] Wiseman. 

OX'YD, n. [Gr. o^vs.] In chemistry, a substance formed by 
the combination of a portion of oxygen with some base ; 
or a substance combined with oxygen, without being in 
the state of an acid. 

OX-Y-DA-BIL'I-TY, n. The capacity of being converted 
into an oxyd, Med. Repos. 

OX'Y-DA-BLE, a. Capable of being converted into an oxyd. 

OX'Y-DATE, V. t. To convert into an oxyd. 

OX'Y-DA-TED, pp. Converted into an oxyd. 

OX'Y-DA-TING,^jjr. Converting into an oxyd. 

OX-Y-Da'TION, n. The operation or process of converting 
into an oxyd. Lavoisier. 

OX Y-DiZE, V. t. To oxydate, which see. 

OX'Y-DIZED, pp. Oxydated. 

OX'Y-DlZE-MENT, n. Oxydation. 

OX'Y-DlZ-ING, ppr. Oxydating. 

OX'Y-GEN, n. [Gr. o|vf and yevvaw.] In chemistry, oxygen 
or oxygen gas is an element or substance so named from 
its property of generating acids ; it is the respirable part 
of air, vital air, or the basis of it ; it is called the acidify- 
ing principle, and the principle or support of combus- 
tion, 

0X'Y-6E-NATE, v. t. To unite or cause to combine with 
oxygen, without the evolution of heat or light; to acidify 
byoxygen. 

OX'Y-GE-NA-TED, pp. United with oxygen. 

OX'Y-GE-NA-TING, ppr. Uniting with oxygen. 

OX-Y-GE-Na'TION, n. The act, operation or process of 
combining with oxygen. 

OX'Y-GE-NiZ-A-BLE, a. Capable of being oxygenized. 

OX'Y-GE-NIZE, v. t. To oxygenate, which see. 

OX'Y-GE-NlZED, pp. Oxygenated. 

OX'Y-GE-NlZE-MENT, n. Oxygenation. 

OX'Y-GE-NlZ-ING, ppr. Oxygenating. 

OX-YG'E-NOUS, a. Pertaining to oxygen, or obtained 
from it, 

OX'Y-GON, n. [Gr, o^vi and yiDvia.] A triangle having 
threeacute angles. Diet. 

OX-Y-I'O-DINE, 71. In chemistry,^ compound of the chlo- 
riodic and oxiodic acids. Davy. 

OX'Y-MEL, n. [Gr. o|uff and //eXj.] A mixture of vinegar 
and honey. Arbuthnot. 

0X-Y-M6'R0N, n. [Gr. o^v/ioypov.] A rhetorical figure, in 
which an epithet of a quite contrary signification is added 
to a word ; as, cruel kindness. 

0X-Y-PRUS'SI€ ACID. Chloroprussic acid. 

OX-YR'RHO-DINE, n. [Gr, o^vs and po^ov.] A mixture of 
two parts of the oil of roses with one of the vinegar of 
roses, 

OX'Y-TONE, a. [Gr. o|i)j and tovos.] Having an acute 
sound. Walker. 

OX'Y-TONE, n. An acute sound, 

OY'ER, 71. [Norm, oyer.] 1. In law, a hearing or trial of 
causes, A court of oyer and terminer is constituted by a 
commission to inquire, hear and determine all treasons, 
felonies and misdemeanors. 2, The hearing, as of a writ, 
bond, note or other specialty, 

*OYES, [Fr. oyez.] This word is used by the sheriff or hi3 
substitute in making proclamation in court, requiring si- 
lence and attention. It is thrice repeated, and most ab- 
surdly pronounced, yes. 

OY'LET-HOLE. See Eyelet-hole. 

OYS'TER, 71. [G. auster ,• D. oester ; Sw. ostra j Dan. dster.] 
A bivalvular testaceous animal. 

OYS'TER-SHELL, n. The hard covering or shell of the 
oyster. 

OYS'TER-WENCH, ) 7i. A woman whose occupation is 

OYS'TER-WiFE, > to sell oysters ; a low woman 

OYS'TER-WOM-AN, ) Shak. 

O-Z^'NA, n. [Gr. olfiLiva.] An ulcer in the inside of the 
nostrils that gives an ill stench. Q,uincy. 



Pis the sixteenth letter of the English Alphabet, and a labi- 
al articulation formed by a close compression of the ante- 
rior part of the lips, as inep. It is convertible into 6 and 
/, sometimes into v, and in Greek, into <p. In some words 
which we have borrowed from the Greek, p is mute, as in 
psalm, ptisan ; but is not silent in English words, unless 
it may be in receipt, and a few irregular words, P, aspi- 
xated or followed by h, represents the Greek (p, which an- 
swers to the English/, as in philosophy. 
P. M. stands for post meridiem, afternoon. 



As a numeral, P, like G, stands for one hundred, and, with 
a dash over it,T, for four hundred thousand. 

t PA'AGE, n. [Norm, paage.] A toll for passage over an- 
other persons grounds. Burke. 

PAB'U-LAR, a. [L. pabulum.] Pertaining to food ; afford- 
ing food or aliment. 

PAB-U-La'TION, 71. [L. pabulatio.] The act of feeding or 
procuring provender. Cockeram. 

PAB'U-LOUS, a. [L. pabulum.] Affording aliment or food j 
alimental. Brown. 



Sh Synopsis MOVE, BOQK, DOVE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.~€ as K ; 6 as J i S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as m this, f Obsolete 



PAC 



584 



PAI 



PAB'U-LUM, n. [L.] 1. Food ; aliment ; that which feeds. 



wh 



Pa'€A, n. A small animal of America. 

t Pa'€ATE, a. [L. pacatus.] Peaceful ; tranquil. 

Pa'€A-TED, a. Appeased. [Little used.] Bailey. 

PA-Ca'TION, n. [L. paco.] The act of appeasing. 

PA€-€AN', n. An American tree and its nut. 

PACE, «. [Fi. pas ; It. passo ; Sp. paso ; Li.passus.'J l.A 
step. 2. The space between the two feet in walkmg, es- 
timated at two feet and a half. 3. Manner of walking ; 
gait.- 4. Step ; gradation in business ; [little tised.] Tem- 
ple. 5. A mode of stepping among horses, in which the 
legs on the same side are lifted together. 6. Degree of 
celerity. — To keep or holdpace, to keep up ; to goor move 
as fast as something else. 

PACE, V. i. 1. To go J to walk ; to move. 2. To go, move 
or walk slowly. 3. To move by lifting the legs on the 
same side together, as a horse. 

PACE, V. t. 1. To measure by steps. 2. To regulate in mo- 
tion. 

Paced, a. l. Having a particular gait ; used chiefly in com- 
position. — 2. In composition, going all lengths. 

Pa'CER, n. One that paces 5 a horse that paces. 

PA-CHA'. See Pas haw. 

PA€H-Y-DERM'A-TOUS, a. [Gr. irax^s and h^is.a.'] Hav- 
ing a thick skin. 

PA-CIF'I€, a. [L. padficus.'] 1. Peace-making ; concilia- 
tory ; suited to make or restore peace ; adapted to recon- 
cile differences ; mild ; appeasing. 2. Calm ; tranquil. 

PA-CIF'ie, n. The appellation given to the ocean situated 
between America on the east, and Asia ; so called on ac- 
count of its exemption from violent tempests. 

PAC-I-FI-€a'TION, 71. [L. pacificatio.] 1. The act of mak- 
ing peace between nations or parties at variance. 2. The 
act of appeasing or pacifying wrath. 

PAC-I-FI-Ca'TOR, 71. [L.] A peace-maker J one that re- 
stores amity between contending parties or nations. 

PA-CIF'I-CA-TO-RY, a. Tending to make peace ; concil- 
iatory. .Barroic. 

PAC'I-FlED, pp. Appeased ; tranquilized. 

PAC'I-FI-ER, 71. One who pacifies. 

PAC'I-FY, v. t. [Fr. pacifier ; L. pacifico.] 1. To appease, 
as wrath or other violent passion or appetite ; to calm ; to 
still ; to quiet ; to allay agitation or excitement. 2. To 
restorepeace to ; to tranquilize. 

PAC'I-FY-ING, ^pr. Appeasing 5 tranquilizing. 

<^A€K, 71. [D. pak ; G., Sw. pack.] 1. A bundle of any 
thing inclosed in a cover or bound fast with cords ; a bale. 

2. A burden or load. 3. A number of cards, or the num- 
ber used in games ; so called from being inclosed togeth- 
er. 4. A number of hounds or dogs, hunting or kept to- 
gether, that is, a crowd or assemblage united. 5. A num- 
ber of persons united in a bad design or practice. 6. A 
great number crowded together J [obs.] 7. [Sax. pmcan.] 
A loose or lewd person ; [obs,] 

PACK, V. i. [D. pakken ; G. packen.] 1. To place and press 
together ; to place in close order. 2. To put together and 
bind fast. 3. To put in close order with salt intermixed. 
4. To send in haste. 5. To put together, as cards, in 
such a manner as to secure the game ; to put together in 
sorts with a fraudulent design, as cards ; hence, to unite 
persons iniquitously, with a view to some private interest. 

PACK, u. I. 1. To be pressed or close. 2. To close ; to shut. 

3. To depart in haste ; with o#. 4. To unite in bad meas- 
ures ; to confederate for ill purposes ; to join in collusion. 

PACK'AGE, 71. ]. A bundle or bale ; a quantity pressed or 

bound together. 2. A charge made for packing goods, 
PACK'CLOTH, 71. A cloth for packing goods, or in which 

they are tied. 
PACKED, pp. Put together and pressed ; tied or bound in a 

bundle ; put down and salted, as meat ; sent off 3 united 

iniquitously. 
PACK'ER, n. One that packs ; an officer appointed to pack 

meat, as beef, pork, fish, &c. Stat, of Conn. 
PaCK'ET, 71. [Fr. paquet.] 1. A small pack or package ; a 

little bundle or parcel. 2. A dispatch- vessel ; a ship or 

other vessel employed by government to convey letters 

from country to country, or from port to port. 3. A vessel 

employed in conveying dispatches and passengers from 

place to place, or to carry passengers and goods coastwise. 

U. States. 
PACK'ET, v.i. To ply with a packet or dispatch-vessel. 

77. States. 
PA€K'ET-BoAT. See Packet. 
PACK'ET-SHIP, n. A ship that sails regularly between 

distant countries for the conveyance of dispatches, letters, 

passengers, &c. 
PACK'HORSE, 71. 1. A horse employed in carrying packs 

or goods and baggage. 2. A beast of burden. 
PACKING, ppr. Laying together in close order ; binding in 

a bundle ; putting in barrels with salt, &:c. ; uniting, as 

men for a fraudulent purpose. 
PACK'ING, 71. A trick ; collusion. Bale. 
PACK'M AN , n. Apedler ; one who carries a pack on his back. 



PACK'S AD-DLE, n. A saddle on which packs or burdens 

are laid for conveyance. 
PACK'STAFF, n. A staff on which a traveler occasionally 

supports his pack. Bp. Hall. 
PACK'THREAD, n. Strong thread or twine used in tying 

up parcels. 
PACK'-WAX, n. A tendinous substance of the neck of an 

animal. Ray. 
PA'CO, ) n. An animal of South America, resembling the 
Pa 'COS, ) camel in shape, but much smaller. 
PACT, n. [Fr. ; L. pactum.] A contract ; an agreement or 

covenant. Bacon. 
PACTION, 71. [L. pactio.] An agreement or contract. 
PAC'TION-AL, a. By way of agreement. Sanderson. 
PAC-Ti"TIOUS, a. Settled by agreement or stipulation. 
PAD, n. [Sax. paad.] 1. A foot-path ; a road ; [obs.] 2. 

An easy-paced horse. 3. A robber that infests the road 

on foot; usually called afoot-pad. 
PAD, n. A soft saddle, cushion or bolster stuffed with straw, 

hair or other soft substance. Camden. 
PAD, V. i. [Gr. Tzareoi.] 1. To travel slowly. 2. To rob on 

foot. 3. To beat a way smooth and level. 
PAD'AR, n. Grouts ; coarse flour or meal. Wotton. 
PAD'DER, n. A robber on foot ; a higb-wayman. 
PAD'DLE, V. i. 1. To row ; to beat the water, as with oars. 

2. To piay in the water with the hands, as children ; or 

with the feet, as fowls or other animals. 3. To finger. 
PAD'DLE, V. t. To propel by an oar or paddle. 
PAD'DLE, n. I. An oar, but not a large oar. 2. The blade 

or the broad part of an oar or weapon. 
PAD'DLER, 71. One that paddles. 
PAD'DLE-STAFF, 71. A staff headed with broad iron. 
PAD'DOCK, 71. [Sax. pada.] A toad or frog. 
PAD'DOCK, n. [said to be corrupted from Sax. parruc.] 1. 

A small inclosure for deer or other animals. 2. An in- 

closure for races with hounds, <fcc. 
PAD'DOCK-PIPE, n. A plant. 
PAD'DOCK-STOOL, n. A plant of the genus agaricus ; a 

mushroom, vulgarly toadstool. 
PAD-E-Ll'ON, n. [Fr. pas de Hon.] A plant. Ainsworth. 
PAD'LOCK, n. [qu. D. padde, a toad, from its shape.] A 

lock to be hung on a staple and held by a link. Prior. 
PAD'LOCK, V. t. To fasten with a padlock ; to stop ; to 

shut ; to confine. Milton. 
PAD'NAG, M. An ambling nag. Dr. Pope. 
PAD'oW-PiPE, 71. A plant. See Paddock-pipe. 
PAD-U-A-SOY', 7?. [from Padua, in Italy, and Fr. sole, 

silk.] A particular kind of silk stuff. 
PiE'AN, or Pk'AN, n. 1. Among the ancients, a song of re- 
joicing in honor of Apollo 5 hence, a song of triumph. 

Pope. — 2. In ancient poetry, a foot of four syllables 3 writ- 

_ten a\so pcBon. 
Pa'GAN, n. [Li.paganus.] A heathen ; a Gentile 3 an idol- 
ater 3 one who worships false gods. 
Pa'GAN, a. 1. Heathen 5 heathenish ; Gentile ; noting a 

person who worships false gods. 2. Pertaining to the 

jvorship of false gods. 
Pa'GAN-ISH, a. [Sax. paganise.] Heathenish 3 pertaining 

_to pagans. King. 
Pa'GAN-ISM, 71. [Fr. paganisme,] Heathenism ; the wor- 
ship of false gods, or the system of religious opinions and 

worship maintained by pagans. 
Pa'GAN-iZE, v. t. To render heathenish ; to convert to 

heathenism. Ch. Obs. 
Pa'GAN-iZE, v. i. To behave like pagans. Milton. 
Pa'GAN-iZED', pp. Rendered heathenish, 
Pa'GAN-iZ-ING,;)P?-. Rendering heathenish ; behaving like 

pagans 3 adopting heathen principles and practice; 
PAGE, 71. [Fr.,Sp. page.] 1. A boy attending on a great 

person, rather for formality or show, than for servitude. 

2. A boy or man that attends on a legislative body. 
PAGE, 71. [L. pagina ; Fr. page.] 1, One side of a leaf of a 

book. 2. A book, or writing or writings, — 3. Pa^e5, in 

the plural, signifies also books or writings. 
PAGE, 7). t. 1. To mark or number the pages of a book or 

inanuscript. 2. To attend, as a page. Shak. 
*Pa'6EANT, (pa'jent) n. [L. pegma.] 1. A statue in show, 

or a triumphal car, chariot, arch or other pompous thing, 

decorated with flags, &c. and carried in public shows and 

processions. 2, A show 3 a spectacle of entertainment 3 

something intended for pomp, 3, Any thing showy, 

without stability or duration. 

* Pa'GEANT, a. Showy 3 pompous 3 ostentatious. 

* Pa'GEANT, v. t. To exhibit in show 3 to represent, 
*Pa'6EANT-RY, n. Show 3 pompous exhibition or specta- 
cle, Dryden. 

PAG'T-NAL, a. Consisting of pages. Brown. 

Pa 'GOD, ) 71. [Pers. pout ghod, or boot khoda.] I. A tem- 

PA-Go'DA, \ pie in the East Indies in which idols are 

worshiped. 2, An idol ; an image of some supposed deity. 
PA-Go'DA, 71. A gold or silver coin current in Hindostan- 
Pa'GOD-ITE, n. A name given to the mineral of which the 

Chinese make their pagodas. 
PAID, pret. and pp. of pay ; paid for payed. 



* See Synopsis, a, E, I, 6, t5, Y, long—FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARtNFl, BtRD ;— t Obsjleta. 



PAL 



585 



PAL 



PaI'GLE, or Pa'6IL, n. A plant and flower of the genus 
primula or primrose ; cowslip-primrose. 

PaIL, n. [W, paeol.'[ An open, wooden vessel used in fami- 
lies for carrying liquids. 

PaIL'FUL, n. Tjhe quantity that a pail will hold. 

PAIL-LASSE', n. [Fr.] An under bed usually of straw. 

PAIL'MAIL. See Pallmall. 

PaIN, 71. [W. poen ; Fr. peine; Norm, pene, peine; Sa.'»'. 
pin, or pine ; G. pein.'\ 1. An uneasy sensation in aniniii 
bodies, of any degree from slight uneasiness to extreme 
distress or torture. 2. Labor j work j toil ; laborious ef- 
fort. In this sense, the plural only is used ; as, to take 
pains. 3. Labor ; toilsome effort ; task ; in the singular ,- 
[obs.] 4. Uneasiness of mind ; disquietude ; anxiety ; 
solicitude for the future; grief, sorrow for the past. 5. 
The throes or distress of travail or child-birth. 6. Penal- 
ty ; panishment suffered or denounced ; suffering or evil 
jnflicted as a punishment for a crime. 

PaIN, v. t. [W. pueni ; Norm, painer ; Fr. peiner ; Sax. 
pinan.] 1. To make uneasy or to disquiet ; to cause un- 
eiisy sensations in the body, of any degree of intensity ; 
to make simply uneasy, or to diistress, to torment. 2. To 
afflict ; to render uneasy in mind ; to disquiet ; to distress. 
3. Reciprocally, to pain one's self, to labor ; to make toil- 
some efforts ; [little tised.] 

PaIN'FUL, a. 1. Giving pain, uneasiness or distress to the 
body. 2. Giving pain to the mind ; afflictive ; disquiet- 
ing ; distressing. 3. Full of pain ; producing misery or 
affliction. 4. Requiring labor or toil ; difficult ; executed 
with laborious effort. 5. Laborious ; exercising labor 3 
undergoing toil ; industrious. 

PaIN'FUL-LY, adv. ]. With suffering of body; with af- 
fliction, uneasiness or distress of mind. 2. Laboriously ; 
with toil ; with laborious effort or diligence. 

PaIN'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Uneasiness or distress of body. 2. 
Affliction; sorrow; grief; disquietude or distress of mind. 
3^ Laborious effort or diligence ; toil. 

t PaI'NI?.!, 71. [Norm, payniin ; Ft. paien.] A pagan. 

tPAl'NIM, a. Pagan; infidel. Milton. 

PaIN'LESS, a. Free from pain. Fell. 2. Free from trouble. 
Dryden. 

PaINS'TaK-ER, n. A laborious person. Gay. 

PaINS'TaK-ING, a. Laborious ; industrious. Harris. 

PaINS'TaK-ING, 71 Labor ; great industry. 

PaINT, v. t. [Fr. peindre, peignant, peint ; Sp. pintar.] 1. 
To form a figure or likeness in colors. 2. To cover or be- 
smear with color or colors, either with or without figures. 

3. To represent by colors or images ; to exhibit in "form. 

4. To represent or exhibit to the mind ; to present in foroi 
or likeness to the intellectual view ; to describe. 5. To 
color; to diversify with colors. 6. To lay on artificial 
color for ornament. 

PAINT, V. i. 1. To lay colors on the face. 2. To practice 
painting. 

PaINT, 71. 1. A coloring substance; a substance used in 
painting, either simple or compound. 2. Color laid on 
canvas or other material ; color representing any thing. 
3. Color laid on the face ; rouge. 

PaINT'ED, pp. 1. .Colored ; rubbed over with paint. 2. 
Represented in form by colors. 3. Described. 

PaINT'ER, n. One whose occupation is to paint ; one 
skilled in representing things in colors. 

PaINT'ER, 71. [qu. Ir. painter.] A rope used to fasten a 
boat to a ship or other object. 

PaINT'ING, ppr. Representing in colors ; laying on colors. 

PaINT'ING, n. 1. The art of forming figures or resembling 
objects in colors on canvas or other materia], or the art of 
representing to the eye, by means of figures and colors, 
any object of sight, and sometimes the emotions of the 
mind. 2. A picture ; a likeness or resemblance in colore. 
3. Colors laid on. 

PaINT'URE, n. [Fr. peinture.] The art of painting. 

PAIR, n. [Fr pair ; L,, Sp,, Port, par ; It. pari.] 1. Two 
things of a kind, similar in form, applied to the same pur- 
pose, and suited to each other or used together. 2. Two 
of a sort ; a couple ; a brace. 

PAIR, V. i. 1. To be joined in pairs ; to couple. 2. To suit ; 
to fit ; as a counterpart. 

PAIR, V. t. 1. To unite in couples. 2. To unite as corre- 
spondent, or rather to contrast. 

PAIR, V. t. To impair. See Impair. 

PAIRED, pp. Joined in couples ; fitted ; suited. 

PAIRING, ppr. Uniting in pairs ; fitting. 

PAL' ACE, 71. [Fr. palais ; i.. palatiiim.] 1. A magnificent 
house in' which an emperor, a king or other distinguished 
person resides. 2. A splendid place of residence. 

PAL'ACE-CoURT, n. The domestic court of the kings of 
Great Britain, which administers justice between the 
king's domestic servants. 

f PA-La'CIOUS, a. Royal ; noble ; magnificent. 

PAL-AN-Q-UiN', ) n. [Hindoo, palkee ; Port, palanque.] A 

PAL-AN-KEEN', \ covered carriage used in India, China, 
&c., borne on the shoulders of men, and in which a single 
person is conveyed from place to place. 



PAL'A-TA-BLE, a. Agreeable to the taste ; savory 2. 
That is relished. 

PAL'A-TA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being agieeab.e 
to the taste ; relish. Aikin. 

PAL'A-TAL, a. Pertaining to the palate ; uttered by tl)' 
aid of the palate. 

PAL'A-TAL, 71. A letter pronounced by the aid of the 
palate, or an articulation of the root of the tongue with 
the roof of the mouth ; as g hard and A-, in eg, ek 

PAL'ATE, 71. [Li. palatum.] 1. The roof or uppt r part of the 
mouth. 2. Taste. Pope. 3. Mental relish ; inte'Jectual 
taste. 

t PALMATE, V. t. To perceive by the taste. Shak. 

PA-La'TIAL, a. Pertaining to the palate. 

PA-La'TIAL, a. [L. palatium ] Pertaining to a palace ; be- 
coming a palace ; magnificent. Druinmond. 

tPAL'A-TI€, a. Belonging to the palate. Holder, 

PA-LAT'I-NATE, 71. [It. palatinato ; L. palatinus.] The 
province or seignory of a palatine. 

PAL'A-TINE, a. [Fr. palatin ,• It. palatino ; L. palatinus.] 
Pertaining to a palace ; an epithet applied originallv to 
persons holding an office or employment in the king's 
palace ; hence it imports possessing royal privileges. 

PAL'A-TINE, 71. One invested with royal privileges. 

tl'AL'A-TiVE, a. Pleasing to the taste. Brown. 

PA-LaV'ER, n. [Sp. palabra ; Port, palavra.] 1. Idle talk. 
2. Flattery; adulation; [vulgar.] 3. Talk; conversa 
tion ; conference. 

PA-LaV'ER, v. t. To flatter. [In vtdgar use.] 

PALE, a. [Fi. pale,palir,] 1. White or whitish; wan; de- 
ficient in color ; not ruddy or fresh of color. Fale is not 
precisely synonymous with 7cnite, as it usually uenotes 
what we call icar,, a darkish dun white. 2. Not bright; 
not shining ; of a faint lustre ; dim. 

PALE, V. t. To make pale. Skak. Prior. 

PALE, 7;. [i:ax. pal; G. pfaJil ; D.paal.] 1. A narrow board 
pointed or sharpened at one end, used in fencing or in- 
closing. 2. A pointed stake. 3. An inclosure ; properly, 
that whicli incloses, like fence, limit ; hence, the space 
inclosed. 4. District; limited territory. — 5. In heraldry, 
an ordinary, consisting of two perpendicular lines drawn 
from the top to the base of the escutcheon, and containing 
the third middle part of the field. 

PALE, r. t. [D. paalen ; G. pfdhlen.] I. To inclose with 
pales or stakes. 2. To inclose ; to encompass. 

PAL-E-A'CEOUS, a. [L. palea.] I. Chaffy ; resembhng 
chaff, or consisting of it. 2. Chaffy 3 furnished with 
chaff. 

PaLEU, pp. 1. Inclosed with pales or pickets. 2. Striped. 

PaLE'-EyED, a. Having eyes dimmed. Milton. 

PaLE'-FaCED, a. 1. Having a pale or wan face. SMh. 2. 
Causing paleness of face. Shak, 

PaLE'-HEART'ED, a. Dispirited. Shak. 

PaLE'LY, adv. Wanlv ; not freshly or ruddily. 

f PAL'EN-DAR, 71. A kind of coasting vessel. Knolles. 

PaLE'NESS, 71. 1. Wanness; defectof color ; want of fresh- 
ness or ruddiness ; a sickly whiteness of look. 2. Want 
of color or lustre ; as the paleness of a flower. Shak. 

PA-LE-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. naXaios and ygacpr,.] 1. The 
art of explaining ancient writings. More correctly, 2. An 
ancient manner of writing. 

PA-LE-0L'0-6IST, n. One who writes on antiquity, or 
one conversant with antiquity. Good. 

PA-LE-OL'0-GY, 71. [Gr. naXaios and Aoyo?.] A discourse 
or treatise on antiquities, or the knowledge of ancient 
things. 

Pa'LE-OUS, a. [L. palea.] Chaffy 3 like chaff, 

PA-LES'TRI-AN, ) a. [Gr, na^aiarpiicos.] Pertaining to 

PA-LES'TRI€, > the exercise of wrestling, irw- 

PA-T.ES'TRI-CAL, ) ant. 

t PAL'ET, 77. [Fr. pelote.] The crown of the head. 

PAL'ETTE. See Pallet. 

PAL'FREY, 7;. [Fr. palefroi ; It. palafreno.] LA horse 
used by noblemen and others for state, distinguished from 
a war horse. 2, A small horse fit for ladies, 

PAL'FREYED, a. Riding on a palfrey, 

PAL-I-FI-€a'TION, n. [L. pabi^.] The act or practice of 
driving piles or posts into the ground for making it 
firm. 

PAL'IN-DROME, 71. [Gr. naXivSpojxia.] A word, verse or 
sentence that is the same when read backwards or for- 
wards. 

PaL'ING, ppr. Inclosing with pales. 

PaL'ING, 71. A fence formed with pales. 

PAL-IN-GE-Ne'SI-A, 71, A regeneration. 

PAL'IN-ODE, ) n. [Gr. rraXij/wJta.] A recantation, or dec- 

PAL'IN-0-DY, \ laration contrarj' to a former one. 

PAL-I-SaDE', or PAL-l-SA'DO, 7i. [Fr. palissade.] A fence 
or fortification consisting of a row of stakes or posts 
sharpened and set firmly in the ground. 

PAL-I-SaDE', v. t. To surround, inclose or fortify with 
stakes or posts. 

PaL'ISH, a. Somewhat pale or wan. Arbuthnot. 



See SinopsiJ MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH 3 TH as in this, t Obsolete 



TAL 



586 PAN 



PALL, n. [L. pallium ; Sax. pmlle.] 1. A cloak ; a manlle 
of state. 2. Tlie mantle of an archbishop. 3. The cloth 
thrown over a dead body at funerals. 

PALL, n. In heraldry, a figure like the Greek Y. Encyc. 

PALL, V. t. To cloak ; to cover or invest. Shak. 

PALL, V. i. [W. pallu.] To become vapid ; to lose strength, 
life, spirit or taste ; to become insipid. 

PALL, V. t. 1. To make vapid or insipid. 2. To make 
spiritless ; to dispirit ; to depress. 3. To weaken ; to im- 
pair. 4. To cloy. 

t PALL, n. Nauseating. Ld. Shaftsbury. 

PAL-La'DI-UM, n. [Gr. naWaSiov.] 1. Primarily, a statue 
of the goddess Pallas. 2. Something that affords effectual 
defense, protection and safety. 3. A metal found in veiy 
small grains. 

PAL'LET, 71. [Fr. palette ; It. paletta.J I. Among painters, 
a little oval table or board, or piece of ivory, on which the 
painter places the colors to be used. — 2. Among potters, 
crucible makers, &c. a wooden instrument for forming, 
beating and rounding their works. — 3. In gilding, an in- 
strument made of a squirrel's tail. — 4. In heraldry, a small 
pale ; [see Pale.] 5. A small part belonging to the bal- 
ance of a watch ; the nut of a watch. 6. A measure 
formerly used by surgeons, containing three ounces. 

PAL'LET, n. [paillet. Chancer ; Fr. paille ; li. palea ; Ir. 
penlL] A small bed. Milton. 

jPAL'LI-A-MENT, 7i. [L. pallium.'] A dress ; a robe. 

t PAJ.'LI-ARD, n. [Fr.] A lecher ; a lewd person. 

t PAL'LI-ARD-lSE, n. Fornication. Buck. 

PAL'LI-ATE, V. t. [Fr. pallier ; Sp. paliar.] 1. To clothe ; 
[obs.] 2. To cover with excuse ; to conceal the enormity 
of offenses by excuses and apologies; hence, to ex- 
tenuate ; to lessen ; to soften by favorable representa- 
tions. 3. To reduce in violence ; to mitigate ; to lessen 
or abate. 

t PAL'LI-ATE, a. Eased; mitigated. 

PAL'U-A-TED, pp. Covered by excuses; extenuated; soft- 
ened. 

PAL'LI-A-TING, ppr. Concealing the enormity or most 
censurable part of conduct ; extenuating ; softening. 

PAL-LI-A'TION, 71. 1. The act of palliating ; concealment 
of the most flagrant circumstances of an offense ; extenu- 
ation by favorable representation. 2. Mitigation ; allevi- 
ation ; "abatement. 

PAL'LI-A-TiVE, a. [Fr. palliatif.] 1. Extenuating ; serv- 
ing to extenuate by excuses or favorable representation. 
2. Mitigating ; alleviating ; as pain or disease. 

PAL'LI-A-TiVE, 71. 1. That which extenuates. 2. That 
which mitigates, alleviates or abates the violence of pain, 
disease or other evil. Swift. 

PAL'LID, a. [L. pallidas.] Pale ; wan ; deficient in color; 
not high-colored. Spenser. 

fPAL-LID'I-TY, ?i. Paleness. 

PAL'LID-LY, adv. Palely ; wanly. Taylor. 

PAL'LID-NESS, n. Paleness ; wanness. 

PALL-MALL', (pel-mel') n. [h. pila and malleus ; It. palla 
and malleo.] A play in which a ball is driven through an 
iron ring by a mallet ; also, the mallet. 

PAL'LOR, n. [L.J Paleness. Taylor. 

PALM, (pam) n. [Ij.palma.] 1. The inner part of the hand. 
2. A hand or hand's breadth ; a lineal measure of three 
inches. 3. The broad triangular part of an anchor at the 
end of the arms. 4. The name of many species of plants, 
but particularly of the date-tree or great palm. 5. Branches 
of the palm being worn in token of victory, hence the 
word signifies superiority, victory, triumph. — 6. Among 
seamen, an instrument used in sewing canvas, instead of 
a thimble. 

PALM, (pam) v. t. 1. To conceal in the palm of the hand. 
2. To impose by fraud. 3. To handle. 4. To stroke 
with the hand. 

PALM'-SUN-DAY, (pam'-sun-de) n. The Sunday next be- 
fore Easter ; so called in commemoration of our Savior's 
triumphal entry into Jerusalem, when the multitude 
strewed palm-branches in the way. 

PALM'-TREE, (pam'-tree) n. The date tree. 

PAL MAR, a. [L. palmaris.] Of the breadth of the hand. 

PAL'MA-RY, a. [L. palmaris.] Principal ; capital. £p. 
Home. 

PAL'MA-TED, a. [L. palmatus.] 1. Having the shape of a 
hand ; resembling a hand with the fingers spread. 2. En- 
tirely webbed. 

PALM'ER, (pam'er) n. One that returned from the Holy 
Land bearing branches of palm ; a pilgrim or crusader. 

PALM'ER-WoRM, (pam'er-wurm) v. A worm. 

PAL-MET'TO, 71. A species of palm-tree. 

PAL-MIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. palma and fero.] Bearing palms. 
Diet 

PAL'MI-PED, a. [L. falma and pes.] Web-footed ; having 
the toes connected by a membrane ; as a water-fowl. 

PAL'MI-PED, 71. A fowl that has webbed feet. 

PAL'MTS-TER, n. One who deals in palmistry. 

PAL'MIS-TRY, 71. [L. palma.] 1. The art or practice of 
divining or telling fortunes by the lines and marks in the 



being perceptible by 



pal m of the Jian d . 2. Jlddison uses it humorously , for the 
action of the hand. 

PALM'Y, (pam'y) a. Bearing palms. Shale. 

PALP, V. t. To feel. [JVot authorized.] 

PAL-PA-BIL'I-TY, 7i. The quality of) 
the touch. Arbwthnot. 

PAL'PA-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Perceptible by the touch ; that 
may be felt. 2. Gross ; coarse ; easily perceived and de- 
tected. 3. Plain; obvious; easily perceptible. 

PAL'PA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being palpable ; 
plainness ; obviousness ; grossness. 

PAL'PA-BLY, adv. I. In such a manner as to be perceived 
by the touch. 2. Grossly ; plainly ; obviously. 

PAL-Pa'TION, n. [L. palpatio.] The act of feeling. 

PAL'PI-TATE, V. i. [L. palpito.] To beat gently f to beat, 
as the lieart ; to flutter, tliat is, to move with little throes ; 
as we say, to go pit a pat. 

PAL-PI-Ta'TION, 71. [L. palpitatio.] ]. A beating of the 
heart ; particularly, a preternatural beating or pulsation 
excited by violent action of the body, by fear, fright or 
disease. 2. A violent, irregular motion of the heart. 

PALS'GRAVE, (pawlzgrave) n. [G. pfalzgraf.] A count 
or earl who has the superintendence of the king's pal- 
ace. 

PAL'SI-€AL, a. Affected with palsv ; paralytic. 

PAL'SIED, part. Affected With palsy. 

PAL'SY, 71. [contracted from Gr. napaXvcig.] The loss or 
defect of the power of voluntary muscular motion in the 
whole body, or in a particular part ; paralysis. 

PAL'SY, V. t. To paralyze ; to deprive of the power of mo- 
tion ; to destroy energy. Duin-ht. 

PAL'SY, V. t. To affect with the palsy ; used frequently in 
a figurative sense. 

PAL'.'SY-ING, ppr. Affecting with the palsy. 

PAL'TER, v.i. To shift; to dodge; to »- .ay tricks. Johnson. 
Rather, to fail ; to come short ; to ' .alk. 

t PAL'TER, v. t. To squander. O.u. Mnsworth. 

PAL'TER-ER, n. One that palters, fails or falls short. 

PAL'TRI-NESS, n. The state of being paltry or vile. 

PAL'TRY, a. [Sw. jyalta, plu. paltor ; Scot, paltrie, or pel- 
trie.] Ragged ; mean ; vile ; worthless ; despicable. 

Pa'LY, a. I. Pale ; wanting color ; used only in poetry^ 
Shak. — 2. In heraldry, divided by pales into four equal 
parts. 

PAM, 71. The knave oi clubs. Pope. 

PAM'PER, V. t. [It. pambere, pamberato.] 1. To feed to the 
full ; to glut ; to saginate ; to feed luxuriously. 2. To 
gratify to the full ; to furnish with that which delights. 

PAM'PERED, pp. Fed high; glutted or gratified to the 
full. 

PAM'PER-TNG, ppr. Glutting ; feeding luxuriously ; grati- 
fying to the full. 

PAM'PER-ING, n. Luxuriancy. Fulke. 

PAM'PHLET, 71. [Sp. papelon ; papeleta ; papel volantc] 
A small book consisting of a sheet of paper ; or of sheets 
stitched together but not bound. 

PAfll'PHLET, v. t. To write a pamphlet or pamphlets. 

PAM-PHLET-EER', 7i. A writer of pamphlets ; a scribbler, 

PAN, n. [Sax., Sw. ijanna ; D. pan.] I. A vessel broad 
and somewhat hollow or depressed in the middle, or with 
a raised border. 2. The part of a gun-lock or other fire- 
arms which holds the priming that communicates with 
the charge. 3. Something hollow. — 4. Among farmers, 
the hard stratum of earth that lies below the soil. 5. The 
top of the head. 

PAN, V. t^ To join ; to close together. [Local.] 

PAN-A-Ce'A, n. [L.] I. A remedy for all diseases ; a 
univei-sal medicine. 2. An herb. 

PA-Na'DA, ) n. [Fr. panade.] A kind of food made by 

PA-Na DO, \ boiling bread m water to the consistence of 
pulp and sweetened. 

PAN'CAEE, 71. A thin cake fried in a pan. Franklin. 

PANCH, n. [W. panu.] Among seamen, a thick and strong 
mat, to be fastened on yards to prevent friction. 

PAN-€RAT'TC, ) a. [Gr. nav and K^arog.] Excelling 

PAN-€RAT'I-€AL, \ in all gymnastic exercises ; very 
strong or robust. 

PAN'CRE-AS, 77. [Gr. nav and Koeag.] A gland of the body 
situated between the bottom or the stomach and the ver- 
tebres. 

PAN-€RE-AT'I€, a. Pertaining to the pancreas. 

PAN'CY. See Panst. 

PAN'DECT, n. [L. pandectm.] 1. A treatise which con- 
tains the whole of any science. — 2. Pandects, in the plu- 
ral, the digest or collection of civil or Roman law, made 
by order of the emperor Justinian. 

PAN-DEM'IC, a. [Gr. -nav and (5?7/xof.] Incident to a whole 
people ; epidemic. 

PAN'DER, w. [qu. It. pandere.] A phnp ; a procurer; a 
male bawd ; a mean, profligate wretch, who caters for 
the lust of others. 

PAN'DER, V. t. To pimp ; to procure lewd women lor 
others. Shak. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, S, V, ^, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— t Obsolete 



FAN 



587 



PAP 



PAN'DER, V. i. 1. To act as agent for the lusts of others. 
2. To be subservient to lust or passion. 

PAN'DER-A6E, n. A procuring of sexual connection. 

PAN'DER-ISM, n. The employment or vices of a pander ; 
a pimping. Swift. 

PAN'DER-LY,_a. Pimping ; acting the pander. 

PAN-DI€-U-La'TION, n. [L. pandiculor.] A yawning ; a 
stretching J the tension of the solids that accompanies 
yawning. 

PAN'DIT, or PUN'DIT, n. In Hindostan, a learned man. 

PAN'DORE, or PAN DO-RAN, w. [Gr. iravdovpa.] An in- 
strument of music of the lute kind ; a bandore. 

PANE, 71. [Fr. pan; Arm. panelL] 1. A square of glass. 
2. A piece of any thing in variegated works. 

PaNED, a. Variegated ; composed of small squares, as a 
counterpane usually is. Cavendish. 

*PAN-E-GYR'I€, n. [Fr. pane^yrique ; It., Sp. panegirico ; 
Ju. panegyricus.] 1. An oration or eulogy in praise of 
some distinguished person or achievement ; a formal or 
elaborate encomium. 2. An encomium ; praise bestowed 
on some eminent person, action or virtue. 

* PAN-E-GYR'I€, ) a. Containing praise or eulogy ; en- 

* PAN-E-6YR'I-€AL, \ comiastic. 
PAN-E-GY'RIS, n. A festival ; a public meeting. 
PAN-E-6YR'IST, n. One who bestows praise ; a eulogist ; 

an encomiast, either by writing or speaking. 

PAN'E-GY-RiZE, v. t. To praise highly ; to write or pro- 
nounce a eulogy on. Ch. Obs. 

PAN'E-GY-RiZE, v. i. To bestow praises. Mitford. 

PAN'E-GY-RlZED, pp. Highly praised or eulogized. 

PAN'E-6Y-RlZ-ING, ppr. Praising highly ; eulogizing. 

PAN'EL, w. [Fr. panneau; Sw. paniia.] 1. A square piece 
of board, or other piece somewhat similar, inserted be- 
tween other pieces. 2. A piece of parchment or sched- 
ule, containing the names of persons summoned by the 
sheriff. 3. The whole jury. 

PAN'EL, V. t. To form with panels. Pennant. 

PaNE'LESS, a. Without panes of glass. Shenstone. 

PANG, n. [D. pynigen ; G. peinigen.] Extreme pain ; an- 
guish ; agony ofhody ; particularly, a sudden paroxysm 
of extreme pain. 

PANG, V. t. To torture ; to give extreme pain to. 

PAN'GO-LIN, n. A species of manis, or scaly lizard, found 
only in Hindostan. Encyc. 

PAN'ie, n. [Sp., It. panico ; Fr. pajiique.] A sudden fright ; 
particularly, a sudden fright without real cause, or terror 
inspired by a trifling cause or misapprehension of danger. 

PAN'T^AT i°" Extreme or sudden ; applied to fright. 

PAN'I€, n. [li. panicum.] A plant and its grain. 

PAN'I€-GRASS, n. A plant of the genus panicum. 

PAN'I-€LE, n. [L. panicula.] In botany, a species of in- 
florescence. Martyn. 

PAN'I-€LED, a. Furnished with panicles. Eaton. 

PA-NIOU-LATE, ) a. 1. Having branches variously 

PA-NI€'U-LA-TED, I subdivided. 2. Having the flow- 
ers in panicles. 

PAN'NADE, 71. The curvet of a horse. Ainsworth. 

PAN'NAGE, 71. [from L. panis.] The food of swine in the 
woods, as beech nuts, acorns, &c., called also pawns ; 
also, the money taken by agistors for the mast of the 
king's forest. Cowel. 

PAN'NEL, 71. [W. panel ; L. pannus.] 1. A kind of rustic 
saddle. 2. The stomach of a hawk. 

tPAN-NEL-LA'TION, n. The act of impanneling a jury. 

PANN'IER, (pan'yer) n. [Fr. panier ; It. paniera.] A wick- 
er basket ; primarily, a bread-basket, but used for carry- 
ing fruit or other things on a horse. 

t PAN'NI-KEL, 71. The brain-pan or skull. Spenser. 

PAN'0-PLY, n. [Gr. TravorXta.] Complete armor or de- 
fense. Ray. 

PAN-O-Ra'MA, n. [Gr. izav and opafxa.] Complete or en- 
tire view ; a circular painting having apparently no be- 
ginning or end, from the centre of which the spectator 
may have a complete view of the objects presented. 

PAN-SOPH'I-€AL, a. Pretending to have a knowledge of 
every thing. Worthington. 

PAN'SO-PHY, 71. [Gr. rrav and oo(pia.] Universal wisdom 
or knowledge. [Little losed.] Hartlib. 

PAN'SY, 71. [Fr. pensee.'\ A plant and flower. 

PANT, V. i. [Fr. panteler.] 1. To palpitate ; to beat with 
preternatural violence or rapidity, as the heart in terror, 
or after hard labor, or in anxious desire or suspense. 2. 
To have the breast heaving, as in short respiration or 
want of breath. 3. To play with intermission or declin- 
ing strength. 4. To long ; to desire ardently. 

PANT, n. Palpitation of the heart. Shak. 

PAN-TA-LOON', n. [Fr. pantalon.] 1. A garment for 
males, in which breeches and stockings are in a piece ; a 
species of close, long trowsers, extending to the heels. 2. 
A character in the Italian comedy, and a buffoon in pan- 
tomimes. 

PANT'ER, n. One that pants. 



PANT'ER, 71. Qr. painter.! A net. Chaucer. 

PANT'ESS, n. The difiicufty of breathing in a hawk. 

PAN'THE-ISM, n. [Gr. irav and Oeos.] The doctrine that 
the universe is God. 

PAN'.THE-IST,7i. One that believes the universe to be 
God ; a najne given to the followers of Spinosa. Encyc. 

PAN-THE-IS'TI€, ) a. Pertaining to pantheism ; con- 

PAN-THE-IS'TI-€-AL, j founding God with the universe 

PAN-THE'ON, 71. [Gr. ras, or irav, and Oeog.] A temple or 
magnificent edifice at Rome, dedicated to all the gods. 

PAN'THER, n. [L. ; Gr. iravdrjp.] A fierce, ferocious quad- 
ruped of the genus felis, of the size of a large dog, with 
short hair of a yellow color, diversified with roundish 
black spots. 

PAN'TlLE, n. [qu. W. pantu.] A gutter tile. 

PANT'ING, ppr. Palpitating; breathing with a rapid sue 
cession of inspirations and expirations ; longing. 

PANT'ING, n. Palpitation; rapid breathing ; longing. 

PANT'ING-LY, adv. With palpitation or rapid breathing. 

PANT'LER, n. [Fr. panetier.] The officer in a great fami- 
ly who has charge of the bread. Shak. 

PAN'TO-FLE, 71. [Fr. pantoufle.] A slipper for the foot. 

PAN'TO-GRAPH, n. [Gr. navra and ypa^w.] A mathe- 
matical instrument so formed as to copy any sort of 
design. 

PAN-TO-GRAPH'IC, ) a. Pertaining to a pantograph , 

PAN-TO-GRAPH'I-€AL, ] performed by a pantograph. 

PAN-TOG'RA-PHY, n. General description ; view of an 
entire thing. 

PAN-TOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. navra and ^Erpew.] An instru- 
ment for measuring all sorts of elevations, angles and dis- 
tances. 

PAN-TO-MET'RI€, la. Pertaining to a pantometer; 

PAN-T0-MET'R1-€AL, ] performed by a pantometer. 

PAN'TO-MlME, 71. [L. pantomimus.] 1. One that imitates 
all sorts of actions and characters without speaking ; one 
that expresses his meaning by mute action. 2. A scene 
or representation in dumb show. 3. A species of musical 
entertainment. 

PAN'-TO-MIME, a. Representing only in mute action 
Smith. 

PAN-TO-MIM'I€, I a. Pertaining to the pantomime ; 

PAN-TO-MIM'I-CAL, ) representing characters and ac 
tions by dumb show. 

PAN'TON, ) n. [qu. L. pando.] A horse-shoe con- 

PAN'TON-SHoE, \ trived to recover a narrow and hoof 
bound heel. 

PAN'TRY, 7!. [Fr. panetiere.J An apartment or closet in 
which provisions are kept. 

PAN'UR-6Y, 71. [Gr. navovpyta.] Skill in all kinds of work 
or business; craft. Bailey. 

PAP, 71. [Li. papilla.] A nipple of the breast ; a teat. 

PAP, 71. [Low L. papa.] I. A soft food for infants, made 
with bread boiled or softened with water. 2. The pulp 
of fruit. 

PAP, V. t. To feed with pap. 

PA-PA', n. [L., Fr. papa ; D., G. papa ; It., Sp.papa, the 
pope.] Father ; a word with us used by children. Swift. 

Pa'PA-CY, n. [Fr. papaute ; It. papato.] 1. The office and 
dignity of the pope or bishop of Rome j popedom. 2. Pa- 
pal authority. 

Pa'PAL, a. [Fr.] 1. Belonging to the pope or pontiff of 
Rome ; popish. 2. Proceeding from the pope. 3. An- 
nexed to the bishopric of Rome. 

t Pa'PA-LIN, n. A papist. Herbert. 

PA-PAV'ER-OUS, a. [L. papnvereus.] ResembliUft .he pop- 
py ; of the nature or qualities of poppies. Brown. 

PA-PAW', 7?. [Fr. papayer.] 1. The carica papaya, a tree. 

2. The papaw of JV. America belongs to the genus annona. 
PAPE, 71. The pope. 

Pa'PER, n. [Fr, papier ; It. papiro ; L. papyrus.] 1. A 
substance formed into thin sheets, on which letteia and 
figures are written or printed. 2. A piece of paper. 3. A 
single sheet printed or written. 4. Any written instru- 
ment. 5. A promissory note or notes, or a bill of exchange. 
Kent. 6. Hangings printed or stamped ; paper for cover- 
ing the walls of rooms. 

Pa'PER, a. 1. Made of paper; consisting of paper. 2 
Thin ; slight. 

PaTER, v. t. 1. To cover with paper ; to furnish with 
paper-hangings; as, to;)aper a room or a house. 2. To 
register ; [obs ] Shak. 3. To fold or inclose in paper. 

Pa'PER-CRED'IT, 71. 1. Evidences of debt; promissory 
notes, &c., passing current in commercial transactions. 

3. Notes or bills emitted by public authority, promising 
the payment of money. 

Pa'PER-FaCED, a. Having a face as white as paper. 

Pa'PER-KiTE, n. A light frame covered with paper for 
flying in the air like a kite. Warton. 

Pa'PER-Ma-KER, n. One that manufactures papei. 

Pa'PER-MILL, 71. A mill in which paper is manufac- 
tured. 

Pa'PER-MoN'EY, 71. Notes or bills issued by authorifv 



• See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J j S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



PAR 



588 PAR 



and promising the payment of money, circulated as the 

representative of coin. 
Va PER-STaIN'ER, 71. One that stains, colors or stamps 

paper for hangings. 
PA-PES'CENT, a. [from pap.] Containing papj having 

the qualities of pap. Arbuthnot. 
Pa'PESS, n. A female pope Hall. 
PAP'IL, n. [L. papilla.] A sraall pap or nipple. 
PA-PIL'I-O, n. [L.] A butterfly. Barbut. 
PA-PIL-I-O-NaCEOUS, a. Resembling the butterfly. 

* PAP'IL-LA-RY, > a. Pertaining to the pap or nipple ; re- 

* PAP'IL-LOUS, \ sembling the nipple 5 covered with 
papils. 

PAP'IL-LATE, V. i To grow into a nipple. Fleming. 
PAP'IL-LOSE, a. Nipply; covered with fleshy dots or 

points ; verrucose ; warty. Smith. 
Papism, n. [from Fr. pape.] Popery. Bedell. 
Pa'PIST, n. [Fr. papists 1 A Roman Catholic ; one that 
adheres to the church of Rome and the authority of the 
pope. 
PA-PIST'I€, ) a. Popish ; pertaining to popery ; adhe- 
PA-PTST'I-CAL, j rent to the church of Rome. 

Pa' PIS T-RY, M. Popery; the doctrines and ceremonies of 
_the_church of Rome. Whitgifte. 

Pa'PiZED, a. Conformed to popery. Fuller. 

PAP-POOS', or PAP-POOSE', n. The Indian name for a 
child. 

PAP'POUS, a. [L. pappus.] Downy ; furnished with a pap- 
pus, as the seeds of certain plants. 

PAP'PUS, n. [L.] The soft, downy substance that grows 
nu the seeds of certain plants, as on those of the thistle. 

PaP'PY, a. Like pap 3 soft ; succulent. Burnet. 

PAP'lJ-LiE, n. [L.] Pimples ; blisters ; eruptions on the 
skin. 

PAP'U-LOSE, a. Covered with vesicular points or with 
little blisters. Martyn. 

PAP'U-LOUS, a. Full of pimples or pustules. 

PA-PY'RUS, n. [L.] An Egyptian plant, a kind of reed, 
of which the ancients made paper. 

Par, n. [L. par.] 1. State of equality; equal value; 
equivalence without discount or premium. 2. Equality 
in condition. 

t PAR'A-BLE, a. [L. parabilis.] Easily procured. 

PAR' A-BLE, n. [Fr. parabole ; L. parabola ; Gr. n-apa/SoX?;.] 
A fable or allegorical relation or representation of some- 
thing real in life or nature, from which a moral is drawn 
for instruction. 

PAR'A-BLE, V. t. To represent by fiction or fable. Mil- 
ton. 

PA-RAB'O-LA, n. [L.] A conic section arising from cutting 
a cone by a plane parallel to one of its sides. 

PA-RAB'0-LE, n. in oratory, similitude ; comparison. 

PAR-A-B0L'I€, ) a. Expressed by parable or allegori- 

PAR-A-BOL'I-€AL, j cal representation. 2. [from parab- 
ola.] Having the form of a parabola. 

PAR-A-BOL'I-€AL-LY, ado. 1. By way of parable. 
Brown. 2. In the form of a parabola. 

PAR-A-BOL'I-FORM, a. Having the form of a parabola. 

PA-RAB'0-LISM, n. In algebra, the division of the terms 
of an equation by a known quantity that is involved or 
multiplied in the first term. 

PA-RAB'0-LOID, n. [Gr. irapa(3o\ri and ei6os.] In geome- 
try, a paraboliform curve is one whose ordinates are sup- 
posed to be in the subtriplicate, subqaadruplicate, &c., 
ratio of their respective abscissag. — ji parabolic conoid; 
[see Conoid.] Encyc. 

PAR-A-CEL'SIAN, n. A physician who follows the prac- 
tice of Paracelsus, a Swiss physician. 

PAR-A-CEL'SIAN, a. Denoting the medical practice of 
Paracelsus. Hakewid. 

PAR-A-CEN'TE-SIS, ) n. [Gr. TrapaKEvrrims.] The opera- 

PAR-A-CEN'TE-SY, \ tion in surgery called tapping. 

PAR-A-CEN'TRie. ) a. [Gr. ^apa and Kcvrpov.] Devi- 

PAR-A-CEN'TRI-CAL, \ ating from circularity. 

PA-RACH'RO-NISM, n. [Gr. napa and xpovog.] An error 
in chronology ; a mistake in regard to the true date of an 
event. 

PAR'A-CHUTE, n. [Gr. napa, and Fr. chute.] In aerosta- 
tion, an instniment to prevent the rapidity of descent. 

PARA-CLETE, n. [Gr. iTapaK\r]Tos.] Properly, an advo- 
cate ; one called to aid of support; hence, the Consoler, 
<yOuiiforter or Intercessor ; a term applied to the Holy Spirit. 
Pearson. 

PA-RaDE', n. [Fr. parade.] 1. In military affairs, the 
place where troops assemble for exercise, mounting guard 
or other purpose. 2. Show ; ostentation ; display. 3. 
T'ompous procession. 4. Military order ; array. 5. State 
of preparation or defense. 6. [Fr.] The action of parrying 
a thrust. 

PA-RaDE', v. t. 1. To assemble and array or marshal in 
military order. 2. To exhibit in a showy or ostentatious 
manner. 

PA-RaDE', v. i. 1. To assemble and be marshaled in mili- 



tary order. 2. To go about in military procession. 3. To 
walk about for show. 
PA-RaD'ED, pp. Assembled and arrayed. 
PAR'A-DIGM, (par'a-dim) n. [Gr. na'paSeiypa.] An exam- 
ple ; a model. — In grammar, an example of a verb conju- 
gated in the several modes, tenses and persons. 
PAR-A-DIG-MAT'IC, ) a. Exemplary. [Lime used.] 
PAR-A-DIG-MAT'I-CAL, \ More. 
PAR-A-DIG'MA-TiZE, v. t. To set forth as a model or es - 

ample. [Little used.] Hammond. 
PA-RaD'ING, ppr. Assembling and arraying in due order ; 

making an ostentatious show. 
PAR'A-DISE, n. [Gr. irapaSsiaos.] 1. The garden of Eden, 
in which Adam and Eve were placed immediately after 
their creation. Milton. 2. A place of bliss ; a region of 
supreme felicity or delight. Milton. 3. Heaven, the 
blissful seat of sanctified souls after death. 4. Primarily j 
in Persia, a pleasure- garden with parks and other appen- 
dages. 
PAR-A-DIS'E-A, n. Bird of Paradise, a genus of fowls. 
PAR'A-DlSED, a. Having the delights of Paradise. 
PAR-A-DIS'E-AN, i a. 1. Pertaining to Eden or Para- 
PAR-A-DI-Sl'A-€AL, \ dise, or to a place of felicity. 2. 

Suiting paradise ; like paradise. 
PAR'A-DOX, n. [Fr. paradoxe.] A tenet or proposition 
contrary to received opinion, or seemingly absurd, yet 
true in fact. 
PAR-A-DOX'I-€AL, a. I. Having the nature of a paradox. 
2. Inclined to tenets or notions contrary to received opin- 
ions. 
PAR-A-DOX'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a paradoxical manner, or 

in a manner seemingly absurd. Collier. 
PAR.A-DOX'I-€AL-NESS, n. State of being paradoxical. 
t PAR-A-DOX-OL'0-6Y, n. [paradox, and Gr. \oyos] The 

use of paradoxes. Brown. 
PAR'A-GO-GE, n. [Gr. rrapaywyV'] In grammar, the addi- 
tion of a letter or syllable to the end of a word. 
PAR-A-GOG'ie, I a. Pertaining to a paragoge ; length- 
PAR-A-G06'I-€AL, \ ening a word by the addition of a 

letter or syllable. 
PAR'A-GON, n. [Fr. parangon ; Sp. paragon.] 1. A model 
or pattern: a model by way of distinction, implying su- 
perior excellence or perfection. 2. A companion ; a fel- 
low ; [obs.] 3. Emulation ; a match for trial ; [obs.] 
PAR'A-GON, V. t. [Sp. para^nar.] 1. To compare ; to 

parallel ; [little luied.] 2. To equal ; [little used.] 
PAR'A-GON, V. i. To pretend comparison or equality. 

[Little used.] 
PAR'A-GRAM, n. [Gr. Ttapaypapyia.] A play upon words, 

or a pun. Addison. 
PAR-A-GRAM'MA-TIST, n. A punster. Addison 
PAR'A-GRAPH, 71. [It. paragrafo ; Fr. paragraphe.] A 
distinct part of a discourse or writing ; any portion or sec- 
tion of a writing or chapter which relates to a particular 
point, whether consisting of one sentence or many sen- 
tences. A paragraph is sometimes marked thus, TT ; but, 
more generally, a paragraph is distinguished only by a 
break in the composition or lines. 
PAR'A-GRAPH, v. t. To form or write paragraphs. 
PAR-A-GRAFH'I€, ; a. Consisting of paragraphs or 
PAR-A-GRAPH'I-€AL, \ short divisions, with breaks. 
PAR-A-GRAPH'I-€AL-LY, adv. By paragraphs ; with dis- 
tinct breaks or divisions. 
PAR-A-LEP'SIS, / 71. [Gr. TTapa\eixpis.] In rhetoric, a pre- 
PAR'A-LEP-SY, \ tended or apparent omission ; a figure 
by which a speaker pretends to pass by what at the same 
time he really mentions. 
PAR-A-LI-POM'E-NA, n. [Gr. napaXenT'j}.] Things omit 
ted ; a supplement containing things omitted in the pre- 
ceding work. 
PAR'A-LiZE, or PAR'A-L-?ZE, v. t. [Gr. irapaXvu).] To 
affect as with palsy ; to check action, or destroy the pow- 
er of action. 
PAR-AL-LA€'TI€, ) a. Pertaining to the parallax of a 
PAR-AL-LA€'TI-€AL, J heavenly body. 
PAR'AL-LAX, n. [Gr. 7rapaXXa|«f.] In astronomy, the 
change of place in a heavenly body in consequence of be- 
ing viewed from different points. 
PAR'AL-LEL, a. [Gr. TrapaXXrjXos.] 1. In geometry, ex- 
tended in the same direction, and in all parts equally dis- 
tant. 2. Having the same direction or tendency ; run- 
ning in accordance with something. 3. Continuing a 
resemblance through many particulars; like; similar; 
equal in all essential parts. 
PAR'AL-LEL, n. 1. A line which, throughout its whole 
extent, is equidistant from another line. 2. A line on the 
globe marking the latitude. 3. Direction conformable to 
that of another line. 4. Conformity continued through 
many particulars, or in all essential points ; resemblance ; 
likeness. 5. Comparison made. 6. Any thing equal to or 
resembling another in all essential particulars. 
I PAR'AL-LEL, v.t. 1. To place so as to keep the same di- 



* See Synopsis A, K. I O X!,^, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PlN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. 



PAR 



589 



PAR 



rection, and at an equal distance from something else. 2. 
To level 5 to equal. 3. To correspond to. 4, To be equal 
to ; to resemble in all essential points. 5. To compare. 

PAK.'AL-LEL-A-BLE, a. That may be equaled. [L. u.] 

f PAR'AL-LEL-LESS, a. Not to be paralleled j matchless. 

PAR'AL-LEL-ISM, n. 1. State of being parallel. More. 2. 
Resemblance; equality of state 3 comparison. Warton. 

PAR'AL-LEL-LYj adv. In a parallel manner ; with paral- 
lelism. Scott. 

PAR-AL-LEL'0-GRAM, n. [Gr. napaWrj^oi and ypajxfia.'] 
1. In geometry, a right-lined quadrilateral figure, whose 
opposite sides are parallel and equal. — 2. In common use, 
this word is applied to quadrilateral figures of more length 
than breadth. 

PAR-AL-LEL-0-GRAM'I€, la. Having the properties 

PAR-AL-I.EL-0-GRAM'I-€AL, \ of a parallelogram. 

PAR-AL-LEL-O-PI'-PED, n. [parallel, and Gr. em and 
TTcSov.] 1. In geometry, a regular solid comprehended un- 
der six parallelograms, the opposite ones of which are 
similar, parallel and equal to each other, or it is a prism 
whose base is a parallelogram. 

PAR-AL-LEL-0-PI-Pe'DI-A, n. A genus of spars, 

*PA-RAL'0-6ISM, n. [Gr. tTapaXoyLajios.] In Zo^ic, a fal- 
lacious argument or false reasoning. 

PA-RAL'0-6lZE, v. i. To reason falsely. Ash. 

PA-RAL'O-GY, n. False reasoning. Brown. 

PA-RAL'Y-SIS, n. [Gr. napaXvais.] Palsy ; the loss of the 
power of muscular motion, or of the command of the 

PAR-A-LYTT€, or PAR-A-LYT'I-€AL, a. 1. Affected 
with palsy ; deprived of the power of muscular motion ; 
sometimes, weak ; trembling ; subject to an involuntary 
shaking. 2. Inclined or tending to palsy. 

PAR-A-LYT'I€, n. A person affected with palsy. Hall. 

PAR'A-LYZE. See Paralixe. 

PA-RAM'E-TER, m. [Gr. napafjLETpsw.] 1. The latus rectum 
of a parabola. — 2. In conic sections, a third proportional to 
any diameter and its conjugate. — In the parabola, a third 
proportional to any absciss and its ordinate. 

PAR'A-MOUNT, a. [Norm, peramont.] 1. Superior to all 
others ; possessing the highest title or jurisdiction ; as, 
lord paramount, the chief lord of the fee, or of lands, tene- 
ments and hereditaments. 2. Eminent ; of the highest 
order. 3. Superior to all others. 

PAR'xl-MOUNT, n. The chief; the highest in rank. 

PAR'A-MoUR, n. [Fr.] 1. A lover ; a wooer. 2. A mis- 

PAR'AN-THINE. See Scapolite. 

PAR'A-NYMPH, n. [Gr. irapa and vu//.^/;.] 1. A brideman ; 

one who leads the bride to her marriage. 2. One who 

countenances and supports another. 
PAR'A-PEGM, (par'a-pem) n. [Gr. napa-tjyixa.] A brazen 

table fixed to a pillar, on which laws and proclamations 

were anciently engraved. 
PAR'A-PET, n. [Fr. ; Sp. parapeto.] A wall, rampart or 

elevation of earth for covering soldiers from an enemy's 

shot. 
PAR-A-PHER'NA, ) n. [Gr. napacpspva.] The goods 

PAR-A-PHER-Na'LI-A, \ which a wffe brings with her 

at her marriage, or which she possesses beyond her dower. 
PAR-A-PHER'NAL, a. Pertaining to or consisting in para- 

pherna. 
PAR-A-PHI-Mo'SI3,n. [Gr. naparptiiipms.] A disease when 

the praeputium cannot be drawn over the glands. 
PAR'A-PHRASE, n. [Gr. 7rapa<ppa(ng.] An explanation of 

some text or passage in a book, in a more clear and ample 

manner than is expressed in the words of the author. 
PAR'A-PHRASE, v. t. To explain, interpret or translate 

with latitude ; to unfold the sense of an author with 

more clearness and particularity than it is expressed in 

his own words. 
PAR'A-PHRASE, v. i. To interpret or explain amply ; to 

make a paraphrase. Felton. 
PAR'A-PHRaSED, pp. Amply explained or translated. 
PAR'A-PHRA-SING, ppr. Explaining or translating amply 

and freely. 
PAR'A-PHRAST, n. [Gr. Tcapa^paaTrjs.] One that para- 

PAR-A-PHRAS'Tie, ) a. Free, clear and ample in ex- 

PAR-A-PHRAS'TI-€AL, \ planation ; not verbal or lit- 
eral. 

PAR-A-PHR AS'TJ-€AL-LY, adv. In a paraphrastic manner. 

PAR-A-PHREN'I-TIS, n. [Gr. napa and ^ocvltls.] An in- 
flammation of the diaphragm. Arbuthnot.' 

PAR'A-PLE-GY, n. [Gr. -Kapa and T:\vyri.] That kind of 
palsy which affects the lower part of the body. 

PAR-A-aUET', or PAR-A-aUi'TO, n. A little pan-ot. Shak. 

PAR'A-SANG, n. A Persian measure of length, which 
Herodotus states to be thirty stadia, nearly four English 
miles ; but in different times and places, it has been 30, 
40 or 50 stadia. 

PAR-A-SCEU-AS'TI€, a. Preparatory. 



PA-RA-SCeVE', n. [Gr. napaaKevt]. Preparation ; the Sab- 
bath -eve of the Jews. Todd. 

PAR-A-SE-LeNE', n. [Gr. napa and ariXrjvrj.'l A mock 
moon ; a luminous ring or circle encompassing the moon. 

PAR'A-SITE, 71. [Fr. parasite ; L. parasita.'] ] . In ancient 
Greece, a priest or minister of the gods, whose office was 
to gather of the husbandman the corn allotted for public 
sacrifices. — 2. In modern usage, a trencher friend ; one 
that frequents the tables of the rich, and earns his wel- 
come by flattery ; a hanger on ; a fawning flatterer.— 3 , 
In botany, a plant growing on the stem or branch of an- 
other plant, and receiving its nourishment from it, as the 
misletoe. 

PAR-A-SIT'I€. ) a. 1. Flattering ; wheedling ; fawn- 

PAR-A-SIT'I-€AL, j ing for bread or favors. 2. Growing 
on the stem or branch of another plant. 

PAR-A-SIT'I-eAL-LY, adv. In a flattering or wheedling 
manner ; by dependence on another. 

PAR'A-SIT-ISM, n. The behavior or manners of a para 
site. Milton. 

PAR'A-SOL, n. [Fr. ; Sp.] A small umbrella used by la- 
dies to defend theniselves from rain, or their faces from 
the sun's rays. 

PAR-A-SY-NEX'IS, n. In the civil law, a conventicle, or 
unlawful meeting. Diet. 

PAR'AT, n. A fish of the mullet kind, found in Brazil, 

PA-RATH'E-SIS, n. [Gr. napaQtaii.'] In grammar, appo- 
sition, or the placing of two or more nouns in the same 
case. 

PAR-A-VaIL', a. [Norm. i?ar and availe.l In feudal law, 
the tenant paravail is the lowest tenant holding under a 
mean or mediate lord. 

t PAR'A-VANT, I adv. [Fr. par and avant.] In front ; 

t PAR'A-VAUNT, \ publicly. Spenser. 

PAR'BOIL, V. t. [Fr. parbouillir^ 1. To boil in part ; to 
boil in a moderate degree. 2. To cause little pustules or 
pushes on the skin by means of heat. 

t PAR'BREaK, V. i. To vomit. Skelton. 

PAR'BU€-KLE, n. Among seamen, a rope like a pair of 
slings for hoisting casks, &c. 

PAR'CEL, n. [Fr. parcelle.] 1. A part ; a portion of any 
thing taken separately. 2. A quantity ; any mass. 3. A 
part belonging to a whole. 4. A small bundle or package 
of goods. 5. A number of persons, in conteTTipt. Shak. 6 
A number or quantity, in contempt. 

PAR'CEL, «.«. 1. To divide into parts or portions. 2. Tc 
make up into a mass ; [I. u.] Shak.— To parcel a seam, in 
seamen^s language, to lay canvas over it and daub it witli 
pitch. Mar. Vict. 

PAR'CELED, pp. Divided into portions. 

PAIl'CEL-ING, ppr. Dividing into portions. 

PAR'CEL-ING, n. Among seamen, long, narrow slips of 
canvas daubed with tar and bound about a rope like a 
bandage, before it is sewed. 

PAR'CE-NE-RY, n. [Norm, parcenier.] Co-heirship ; the 
holding or occupation of lands of inheritance by two or 
more persons. 

PAR'CEN-ER, 71. [Scot, parsenere ; Norm, parconnier.] 
Parcener or co-parcener is a co-heir, or one who holds 
lands by descent from an ancestor in common with an- 
other or with others ; as when land descends to a man's 
daughters, sisters, aunts, cousins, or their representatives. 
In this case, all the heirs inherit as parceners or co-heirs. 

PARCH, V. t. 1. To burn the surface of a thing ; to scorch. 
2. To dry to extremity. Dry den. 

PARCH, V. i. 1. To be scorched or superficially burnt 
.Mortvmtr. 2. To become very dry. 

PARCHED, pp. Scorched; dried to extremity. 

PARCH'ED-NESS, n. The state of being scorched or dried 
to extremity. 

PARCH'ING, yjpj-. 1. Scorching ; drying to extremity. 2. 
a. Having the quality of burning or drying. 

PARCH'MENT, n. [Fr. parchemin.] The skin of a sheep or 
goat dressed or prepared and rendered fit for writing on. 

PARCH'MENT-MA-KER, n. One who dresses skins for 
parchment. 

t PAR'Cl-TY, n. [Fr. parcite ; L. parcitas.] Sparingness. 

PARD, n. [L. pardus.] The leopard ; or, in poetry, any 
spotted beast. Instead of pard, we generally use leopard, 
the lion-pard. Pardale, from the Latin pardalis, is not 
used. 

PAR'DON, ?;. t. [Fr. par donner.'] 1. To forgive ; to remit ; 
as an offense or crime. 2. To remit, as a penalty. 3. To 
excuse, as for a fault.— 4. Pardon me is a phrase used 
when one asks for excuse, or makes an apology, and it is 
often used in this sense, when a person means civilly to 
deny or contradict what another affirms. 

PAR'DON, 71. 1. Forgiveness ; the release of an offense or 
of the obligation of the offender to suffer a penalty, or to 
bear the displeasure of the offended party. 2. Remission 
of a penalty. 3. Forgiveness received. 

PAR'DON-A-BLE, a. 1. That may be pardoned. 2. Ve- 
nial ; excusable ; that may be forgiven, overlooked or 
passed by. 



* See Synopsis. M^^VE, V^QOf^ DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. "■ Obsolete 



PAR 



PAR 



PARODON-A-BLE NESS, n. The quality of being pardon- 
able ; venialness ; susceptibility of forgiveness. 

PAR'DON-A-BLY, adv. In a manner admitting of pardon ; 
venially ; excusably. Dryden. 

PXR'DONED, pp. Forgiven ; excused. 

PAR DON-ER, 71. 1. One that forgives ; one that absolves 
an offender. 2. One that sells the pope's indulgences. 

PAR'DON-ING, ppi-. Forgiving ; remitting an offense or 
crime ; absolving from punishment. 

PARE, V t. [Fr purer.] 1. To cut off, as the superficial 
substance or extremities of a thing j to shave off with a 
sharp instrument. 2. To diminish by little and little. 

PARED, pp. Freed from any thing superfluous on the sur- 
face or at the extremities. 

PAR'E-GOR-I€, a. [Gr. naprjyopiKog.] Mitigating ; assuag- 
ing pain. 

PAR-E-G0R'1€, 71. A medicine that mitigates pain j an an- 
odyne. Encyc. 

PA-REL'€ON, «. [Gr. napsA/fw,] In grammar, the addition 
of a word or syllable to the end of another. 

PA-REM'BO-LE, n. [Gr. napE^fiokn.'] In rhetoric, the in- 
sertion of something relating to the subject in the middle 
of a period. 

PA-REN'€HY-MA, n. [Gr. irapeyxviJia.] I. In anatomy, the 
solid and interior part of the viscera, or the substance con- 
tained iu the interstices between the blood vessels of the 
viscera ; a spungy substance. — 2. In botany, the pith or 
pulp of plants. 

PAR-EN -GHYM'A-TOUS, ) a. Pertaining to parenchyma : 

PA-REN'€HY-MOUS, \ spungy ; soft ; porous. 

PA-REN'E-SIS, 71. [Gr. napuLveaLS.] Persuasion ; exhorta- 
tion. [Little used.] Diet. 

PAR-E-NET'I€, ^ tt ^ ^ . -„ 

PAR-E-NET'I-€AL "" Hortatory ; encouragmg. Potter. 

PA'RENT, (pair'ent) 71. [L. parens.] 1. A father or mother; 
he or she that produces young. 2. That which produces ; 
cause ; source. 

PARENT-AGE, 71. [Fr.] Extraction; birth j condition 
with respect to the rank of parents. Shak. 

PA-RENT'AL, a. [It. parentale.] 1. Pertaining to parents. 
2. Becoming parents ; tender ; affectionate. 

PAR-EN-Ta'TION, 71. [from L. parento.] Something done 
or said in honor of the dead. Potter. 

PA-REN'THE-SIS, 71. [Gr. TTapsveeai;.] A sentence, or 
certain words inserted in a sentence, which interrupt the 
sense or natural connection of words, but serve to explain 
or qualify the sense of the principal sentence. The pa- 
renthesis is usually included in hooks or curved lines, 
thus, ( ). 

PAR-EN-THET'I€, ; a. 1. Pertaining to a parenthesis ; 

PAR-EN-THET'I-€AL, i expressed in a parenthesis. 2. 
Using parentheses. 

PAR-EN-THET'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a parenthesis. Bryant. 

PA-RENT'I-ClDE, n. [L. parens and ccedo.] One who kills 
a parent. Bailey. 

PA'RENT-LESS, (pair'ent-les) a. Deprived of parents. 

PA'RER, (pair'er) n. He or that which pares 3 an instru- 
ment for paring. Tusser. 

f PAR'ER-GY, 71. [Gr. irapa and epyov.] Something unim- 
portant, or done by the by. Broicn. 

PaR'GA-SITE, n. A mineral; a variety of actinolite. 

PAR'GET, 71. ['S,^. parche.] 1. Gypsum or plaster stone. 2. 
Plaster laid un roofs or walls. 3. Paint. 

PAR'GET, w. t. 1. To plaster walls. 2. To paint; to cover 
with paint. B. Jonson. 

tPAR'GET, V. i. To lay paint on the face, B. Jonson. 

PAR'GET-ED, pp. Plastered ; stuccoed. 

PAR GET ER, n. A plasterer. 

PAR'GET-ING, ppr. Plastering; as a momw, plaster or stucco. 

PAR-HeL'ION, 71. [Gr. irapa and tjXio?.] A mock sun or 
meteor, appearing in the form' of a bright light near the 
sun. 

Pa'RI-AL, or PAIR'-ROY'AL, n. Three of a sort in certain 
games of cards. Bufler. 

Pa'RI-AN, a. Pertainmg to Faros, an isle in the Egean sea ; 
as, Parian marble. — Parian chronicle, a chronicle of the 
city of Athens, engraven on marble in capital letters in 
the isle of Pares. 

rA-RI'-E-TAL,c. [L,. paries.] 1. Pertaining to or within 
the wall; of a building. 2. The parieiaZ bones form the 
sides and upper part of the skull. Parr. 

rA-Rl'E-TA-RY, 71. [Fr. parietaire.] A plant. 

tFAR'I-E-TINE, n. [L.. paries.] A piece of a wall. 

PA RING, (pair'ing) ppr. Cutting or shaving off the extrem- 
ities. 

PA'RING, Cpair'ing) n. 1. That which is pared off; rind 
separated from fruit ; a piece clipped off, 2. The act or 
practice of cutting off the surface of grass land, for tillage. 

PAR'IS, 71. A plant, herb Paris, or true-love. 

PAR'ISII, 71. [Fr, paroisse ; It. parrocchia.] 1. The precinct 
or territorial jurisdiction of a secular priest, or the pre- 
cinct, the inhabitants of which belong to the same church. 



— 2. In soTTie of the American states, parish is an ecclesl. 
astical society not bounded by territorial limits. 

PAR'ISH, a. Belonging to a parish ; having the spiritual 
charge of the inhabitants belonging to the same chm'ch 
Dryden. 2. Maintained by the parish. 

PA-RISH'ION-ER, n. One that belongs to a parish. 

PAR-I-SYL-LAB'1€, ) a. [L par and syllaba.] Hav- 

PAR-I-SYL-LAB'I-€AL, \ ing equal or like syllables. 

PAR'I-TOR, K. [for apparitor.] A beadle ; a summoner of 
the courts of civil law. Dryden. 

PAR'I-TY, 71. [Fr. pante ; It. paritd.] I. Equality. 2. 
Equality ; like state or degree. 

PARK, 71. [Sa.x. parruc, pearruc ; Scot, parrok ; W.parc: 
Fr. pare ; It. parco ; Sp. parque.] A large piece of ground 
inclosed and privileged for wild beasts of chase, in E7ig- 
land, by the king's grant or by prescription. 

PARK, V. t. To inclose in a park. Shak. 

PARK'ER, 71. The keeper of a park. 

PARK'LeAVES, 71. A plant of the genus hypericum. 

PAR'LANCE, 71. [Norm. ; Fr. parler.] Conversation ; dis- 
course ; talk. Woodeson. 

I PARLE, (pari) 71. Conversation; talk; oral treaty or dis- 
cussion. Shak. 

t PARE, V. i. [Fr. parler.] To talk ; to converse ; to discuss 
any thing orally. 

PAR'LEY, V. i. [Fr. parler ; It. parlare.] To confer with on 
some point of mutual concern ; to discuss orally ; hence, 
to confer with an enemy ; to treat with by words. 

PAR'LEY, 71. Mutual discourse or conversation ; discus- 
sion ; but appropriately, a conference with an enemy in 
war. 

PAR'LIA-MENT, (par'le-ment) 71. [Fr. pari em ent ; Sp.,It., 
Port, parlamento.] 1. In Great Britain, the gi-and assembly 
of the three estates, the lords spiritual, lords temporal, and 
the commons ; tho general council of the nation constituting 
the legislature. — 2. The supreme council of Sweden, con- 
sisting of four estates ; the nobility, the clergy, the burgh- 
ers and the peasants. — 3. In France, before the revolu- 
tion, a council or court consisting of certain noblemen. 

:^AR-LIA-]MEN-Ta'RI-AN, or PAR-LI A -MEN-TEER', 71. 
One of those who adhered to the parliament in the time of 
Charles I. 

PAR-LIA-MEN-Ta'RI-AN, a. Serving the pariiament in 
opposition to king Charles I. Wood. 

PAR-LIA-MENT' A-RY, a. 1. Pertaining to parliament. 2. 
Enacted or done by parliament. 3. According to the rules 
and usages of pariiament, or to the rules and customs of 
legislative bodies. 

PAR'LISH. See Parlous. 

PAR'LOR, 11. [Fr. pa7-loir.] Primarily, the aTpartment in a 
nunnery where the nuns are permitted to meet and con- 
verse with each other ; hence, icith us, the room in a 
house which the family usually occupy when they have 
no company, as distinguished from a drawing room in- 
tended for the reception of company, or from a dining 
room, when a distinct apartment is allotted for that pur- 
pose. In most houses, the parlor is also the dining room. 

t PAR'LOUS, a. [Fr. parler.] Keen; sprightly; waggish. 

t PAR'LOUS-NESS, 71. duickness ; keenness of temper. 

PAR-MA-CIT'Y, 71. Corruptedly for spermaceti, which see. 

PAR-ME-SAN'-CHEESE, n. [Fr. Parmesan.] A delicate 
sort of cheese, made in Italy. 

t PAR'NEL, 71. [the diminutive of It. petronella.] A punk , 
a slut. 

PA-Ro'CHI-AL, a. [L. parochia.] Belonging to a parish. 

PA-RO-€HI-AL'I-TY, n. The state of being parochial. 

PA-Ro'€HI-AL-LY, adv. In a parish ; by parishes. 1 . 

PA-Ro'€HI-AN, a. Pertaining to a parish. Bacon. 

PA-Ro'€HI-AN, 71. A parishioner. Burghley. 

PA-ROD'I€, } a. Copying after the manner of par- 

PA-ROD'I-€AL, ^ ody. 

PAR'O-DY, 71. [Fr. parodie.] 1. A kind of writing in which 
the words of an author or his thoughts are, by some slight 
alterations, adapted to a different purpose ; a kind of po- 
etical pleasantry, in which verses written on one subject 
are altered and applied to another by way of bur'esque. 
2. A popular maxim, adage or proverb. 

PAR'O-DY, V. t. To alter, as verses or words, and jpply to 
a pujpose different from that of the original. Pope 

PA-RoL', } n. [W. paryl ; It. parolu ; Fr. parole.] 1. 

PA-RoLE', \ Properly, a word ; hence, in a legal sense, 
words or oral declaration ; word of mouth. 2. Pleadings 
in a_suit. 

PA-RoL', ) a. Given by word of mouth ; oral ; not writ- 

PA-RoLE', ( ten. Blackstone. 

PA-RoLE', n. [See Parol.] 1. Word of mouth.— In mili- 
tary affairs, a promise given by a prisoner of war, when 
he has leave to depart from custody, that he will return 
at the time appointed, unless discharged. 2. A word 
given out every day in orders by a commanding officer, in 
camp or garrison, by which friends may be distinguished 
from enemies. 

PAR-O-NO-Ma'SIA, ) 71. [from Gr.7rapavo//£a), to transgress 

PAR-O-NOM'A-SY, \ law or rule.] A rhetorical figare. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, O, "?, Zoti^-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD j— f Obsolete. 



PAR 



591 



PAR 



by which words nearly alike in sound, but of different 
meanings, are affectedly or designedly used ; a play upon 
words ; a pun. 

PAR-0-NO-MAS'Tie, ) a. Pertaining to paronomasy ; 

PAR-0-NO-MAS'TI-€AL, J consisting in a play upon 
words. 

PAR-0-NY€H'I-A, n. [Gr. naptovv^ia.] In surgery, a 
whitlow or felon. Encyc. 

PA-RON' Y-MOUS, a. [Gr. Tiapuvviios.] Resembling an- 
other word. Watts. 

PAR'0-aUET, or PAR'0-KET, n. A small species of par- 
rot. [More properly perroquet, which see.] 

PA-ROT'ID, a. [Gr. Ttapa and ovg, wra.] Pertaining to or 
denoting certain glands below and before the ears, or near 
the articulation of the lower jaw. 

PA-RO'TIS, n. [Gr. jrapurtf.] 1. The parotid gland ; a se- 
creting salivary conglomerate gland below and before the 
ear. 2. An inflammation or abscess of the parotid gland. 

PAR'OX-YSM, 71. [Gr. napo^vaiios.] An exasperation or 
exacerbation of a disease ; a fit oi higher excitement or 
violence in a disease that has remissions or intermis- 
sions. 

PAR-OX- YS'MAL, a. Pertaining to paroxysm. 

PAR'RA€K, ) n. [Sax. parr^ic] A croft ; a small field ; 

PAR'RO€K, ) what is now corrupted into paddock. 
Westvioreland dialect. 

PAR REL, n. [Port. aparelJio.] Among seamen, an appara- 
tus or frame made of ropes, trucks and ribs, so contrived 
as to go round the mast, and being fastened at both ends 
to a yard, serves to hoist it. 

PAR-RI-Cl DAL, or PAR-RI-CID'I-OUS, a. 1. Pertaining 
to parricide ; containing the crime of murdering a parent 
or child. 2. Committing parricide. 

P.'Ul'RI-CrDE, 71. [Fr. ; L. paricida.] 1. A person who 
murders his father or mother. 2. One who murders an 
ancestor, or any one to whom he owes reverence. 3. The 
murder of a parent or one to whom reverence is due. 4. 
One who invades or destroys any to whom he owes par- 
ticular reverence, as his country or patron. 

PAR'RIED, pp. Warded off 3 driven aside. Johnson. 

PAR'ROT, 7i. [Fi. perroquet.] 1. The name of fowls of the 
genus psittaciis, of numerous species ; remarkable for the 
faculty of making indistinct articulations of words in imi- 
tation of the human voice. 2. A fish found among the 
Bahama isles. 

PAR'RY, V. t. [Ff. j?arer.] 1. In fencing, to ward off; to 
stop or to put or turn by. 2. To ward off"; to turn aside ; 
to prevent a blow from taking effect. 3. To avoid ; to 
shift off. 

PAR'RY, v.i. To ward off 3 to put by thrusts or strokes ; to 
fence. Locke. 

PAR'RY-ING, ppr. Warding off, as a thrust or blow. 

PARSE, V. t. [L. pars.] In grammar, to resolve a sen- 
tence into its elements, or to show the several parts of 
speech composing a sentence, and their relation to each 
other by government or agreement. 

PAR-SI-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Sparing in the use or expenditure 
of money; covetous; near; close. 

PAR-SI-Mo'NI-OUS-LY, adv. With a very sparing use of 
money ; covetously. 

PAR-SI-Mo'NI-OUS-NESS, n. A very sparing use of 
money, or a disposition to save expense. 

PAR'SI-MO-NY, 71. [L. parsimonia.] Closeness or sparing- 
ness in the use or expenditure of money. 

PARS'LEY, n. [Fr. persil.] A plant. 

PARS'NEP, 71. A plant of the genus p(Z5«i72(zca. 

PAR'SON, (par'sn) 77. [G. pfarrherr, pfarrer.] 1. The 
priest of a parish or ecclesiastical society ; the rector or 
incumbent of a parish, who has the parochial charge or 
cure of souls. 2. A clergyman ; a man that is in ordere 
or has been licensed to preach. 

PAR'SON- AGE, 71. 1. In .America, the glebe and house be- 
longing to a parish or ecclesiastical society, and appropri- 
ated to the maintenance of the incumbent or settled pas- 
tor of a church. — 2. In England, the benefice of a parish, 
or the house appropriated' to the residence of the incum- 
bent. 
PAR-SON'I-€AL-LY, in Chesterfield, is not an authorized 

word. 
PART, 7?. \1^. pars, partis; Yx.part.] 1. A portion, piece 
or fragment separated from a whole thing. 2. A portion 
or quantity of a thing not separated in fact, but considered 
or mentioned by itself. 3. A portion of number, separ- 
ated or considered by itself. 4. A portion or component 
particle. 5. A portion of man. 6. A member. 7. Par- 
ticular division ; distinct species or sort belonging to a 
wbole. 8. Ingredient in a mingled mass ; a portion in a 
compound. 9. That which falls to each in division ; 
share. 10. Proportional quantity. 11. Share; concern; 
interest. 12. Side ; party ; interest ; faction. 13. Some- 
tliing relating or belonging to ; that which concerns ; as, 
for your paH. 14. Share of labor, action or influence ; 
particular office or business. 15. Character appropriated 



in a play. 16. Action; conduct.— 17. In mathematics, 
such a portion of any quantity as, when taken a certain 
number of times, will exactly make that quantity.— PaT-ts, 
in the plural, qualities ; powers ; faculties ; accomplish- 
ments. — Parts, applied to place, signifies quarters, re- 
gions, districts. — In good part, as well done ; favorably ; 
acceptably ; in a fiiendly manner ; not in displeasure. — 
In ill part, as ill done ; unfavorably ; with displeasure. — 
For the most part, commonly ; oftener than otherwise. 
Heylin. — In part, in some degree or extent ; partly. — 
Part of speech, in grammar, a sort or class of words of a 
particular character. 
PART, V. t. [L. partio ; Tr.partir.] 1. To divide, separate 
or break ; to sever into two or more pieces. 2. To divide 
into shares ; to distribute. Acts ii. 3. To separate or dis- 
unite, as things which are near each other. Ruth i. 4. 
To keep asunder ; to separate. 5. To separate, as com- 
batants. 6. To secern ; to secrete. — 7. In seamen's lan- 
guage, to break. 8. To separate metals. 
PART, V. i. 1. To be separated, removed or detached. 2 
To quit each other. 3. To take or bid farewell. 4. To 
have a share. 5. [Fr. partir.] To go away ; to depart 
6. To break ; to be torn asunder. — To part with, to quit 
to resign ; to lose ; to be separated from. 

t PART, adv. Partly ; in some measure. Shak. 

PAliT'A-BLE. See Partible. 

PART' AGE, n. Division; severance; the act of dividing oj 
sharing ; a French word. [Little used.] Locke. 

PAR-TAKE', V. i. ; pret. partook ; pp. partaken, [part and 
take.] 1. To take a part, port:on or share in common with 
others ; to have a share or part ; to participate. 2. To 
have something of the property, nature, claim or right. 
3. To be admitted ; not to be excluded. 

PAR-TAKE', v.t. 1. To have a part in ; to share. 2. To 
admitto a part ; {obs.] Hhak. 

PAR-TaK'EN, pp. Shared with others ; participated. 

PAR-TaK'ER, 71. 1. One who has or takes a part, share or 
portion in common with others ; a sharer ; a participator ; 
usually followed by of. 2. An accomplice ; an associate. 

PAR-TaK'ING, ppr. Sharing with others; participating. 

PAR-TaK'ING, 71. An associating ; combination in an evil 
design. Hale. 

PART'ED, pp. Separated ; divided ; severed. Sidney. 

PART'ER, 7j. One that parts or separates. 

PAR-TERRE', (par-tair') n. [Fr.] In gardening, a level 
division of ground furnished with evergreens and flowers; 
sometimes cut into shell and scroll work with alleys. 

PAR'TIAL, a. [Fr. ; L. pars.] 1. Biased to one party ; in- 
clined to favor one party in a cause, or one side of a 
question, more than the other; not indifferent. 2. In- 
clined to favor without reason. 3. Affecting a part only ; 
not general or universal ; not total. 4. More strongly 
inclined to one thing than to others ; [colloquial.] — 5. In 
lotami, subordinate. 

PAR'TIAL-IST, 7t. One who is partial. [Unusual.] 

PAR-TIAL'I-TY, (par-shal'e-ty) 77. 1 . Inclination to favor 
one party or one side of a question more than the other ; 
an undue bias of mind towards one party or side, which 
is apt to warp the judgment. 2. A stronger inclination to 
one thing than to others. 

t PAR'TIAL-lZE, v.t. To render partial. Shak. 

PAR'TIAL-LY, adv. 1. With undue bias of mind to one 
party of side; with unjust favor or dislike. 2. In part; 
not totally. 

PART-I-BIL'I-TY, n. Susceptibility of division, partition 
or severance ; separability. 

PART'I-BLE, a. [\t. partibile.] Divisible; separable; sus- 
ceptible of severance or partition. 

PAR-TIC'I-PA-BLE, a. That may be participated. 

PAR-TIC'I-PANT, a. Sharing; having a share or part; 
followed by of. Wotton. 

PAR-TIC'I-PANT, 77. A partaker ; one having a share or 
part. Bacon. 

PAR-TIC'I-PATE, V. i. [L. participo.] 1. To partake ; to 
have a share in common with others. 2. To have part of 
more things than one. 

PAR-TIC'I-PATE, V. t. To partake ; to share ; to receive a 
part of. Milton. 

PAE-TIC'I-PA-TED, pp. Shared in common with others ; 
partaken. 

PAR-TIC'I-PA-TING, ppr. Havuig a part or share ; par- 
taking. 

PAR-TIC-I-Pa'TION, n. 1. The state of sharing in com- 
mon with others. 2. The act or state of receiving or 
havingpart of something. 3. Distribution; division into 
shares. 

PAR-TIC'I-PA-TiVE, a. Capable of participating. 

PAR-TI-CIP'I-AL, a. [L. participialis.] 1. Having the 
nature and use of a participle. 2. Formed from a parti- 
ciple. 

PAR-TI-CIP'I-AL-LY, adv. In the sense or manner of a 
participle. 

PAR'TI-CI-PLE, 77. [L. participium.] 1. In gramnar a 
word so called because it partakes of the properties ol a 



See Synapsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z : CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



PAR 



592 



PAS 



noun and of a verb ; as having, making. 2. Any tiling 
that participates of difl'erent things ; [obs.] 
rAR'TI-€LE, n. [It. particola ; li. particula.] 1. A minute 
part or portion of matter. — 2. In physics, a minute part of 
a body, an aggregation or collection of which constitutes 
the whole body or mass. 3. Any very small portion or 
part.— 4 In the Latin church, a crum or little piece of 
consecrated bread. — 5. In grammar, a word that is not 
varied or inflected. 
PAR-TI€'U-LAR, a. [Sp., Port. ; It. particolare ; Fr. par- 
ticulier.] 1. Pertaining to a single person or thing ; not 
general. 2. Individual; noting or designating a single 
thing by way of distinction. 3. Noting some property or 
thing peculiar. 4. Attentive to things single or distinct ; 
minute. 5. Single; not general. 6. Odd; singular; 
having something that eminently distinguishes one from 
others. 7. Singularly nice in taste. 8. Special ; more 
than ordinary. 9. Containing a part only. 10. Holding 
a particular estate. 

PAit-TI€'U-LAR, n. 1. A single instance ; a single pomt. 
2. A distinct, separate or minute part. 3. An individual ; 
a private person. 4. Private interest : [obs.] 5. Private 
character; state of an individual; [obs.] 6. A minute 
detail of things singly enumerated; [obs.]— In particular, 
specially ; peculiarly ; distinctly. 

PAR-TI€-U-LAR'I-TY, n. 1. Distinct notice or specifica- 
tion of particulars. Sidney. 2. Singleness; individuality; 
single act ; single case. 3. Petty account ; minute inci- 
dent. 4. Something belonging to single persons. 5. 
Something peculiar or singular. 6. Minuteness in detail. 

PAR-Tie'U-LAR-iZE, v. t. To mention distinctly or in 
particulars; to enumerate or specify in detail. 

PAR-TI€'U-LAR-lZE, v. i. To be attentive to single 
things. 

PAR-TI€'U-LAR-LY, adv. I. Distinctly ; singly. South. 

2. In an especial manner. Dryden. 

t PAR-Tie'U-LATE, to mention, is not in use. 

PART'ING, ppr. 1. Dividing; separating; breaking in 
pieces. 2. a. Given at separation. 3. Departing; de- 
clining. 

PART'ING, n. 1. Division ; separation. EzeJc. xxi.— 2. In 
chemistry, an operation by which geld and silver are sep- 
arated from each other by different menstruums. — 3. In 
seafiien's language, the breaking of a cable by violence. 

PAR'TI-SAN, n. [Fr.] 1. An adherent to a party or fac- 
tion.— 2. In 2Dar, the commander of a party or detachment 
of troops, sent on a special enterprise. 3. A person able 
in commanding a party, or dextrous in obtaining intelli- 
gence, intercepting convoys, or otherwise annoying an 
enemy. 4. A commander's leading staff. 5. [Fr. per- 
tuisane.] A kind of halberd. 

PAR'TITE, a. [L. partitus.] In botany, divided. 

PAR-Tl"TION, n. [L. partitio.] 1. The act of dividing, or 
state of being divided. 2 Division ; separation ; distinc- 
tion. 3. Separate part. 4. That by which different parts 
are separated. 5. Part where separation is made. 6. 
Division of an estate into severalty, whicli is done by 
deed of partition. 

PAR-Ti'l'ION, V. t. 1. To divide into distinct parts. 2. 
To divide into shares. 

PAR'TI-TlVE, a. In grammar, distributive. 

PAR'TI-TiVE-LY, adv. In a partitive manner ; distribu- 
tively. 

t PART'LET, 71 . 1. A ruff; a band or collar for the neck. 
Hall. 2. A hen. Shak. 

PARTLY, adz). In part; in some measure or degree ; not 
wholly. 

PART'NER, n. 1. One who partakes or shares with an- 
other ; a partaker ; an associate. 2. An associate in any 
business or occupation ; a joint owner of stock or capital, 
employed in commerce, manufactures or other business, 

3. One who dances with another. 4. A husband or wife. 
PART'NER, i>. t. To join; to associate with a partner. 

[Little used.] Shak. 

PART'NERS, n. In a ship, pieces of plank nailed round the 
scuttles in a deck where the masts are placed ; also, the 
scuttles themselves. 

PART'NER-SHIP, n. 1. The association of two or more 
persons for the purpose of undertaking and prosecuting 
any business. 2. Joint interest or property. 

PAR-TOOK', pret. of partake. 

PAR'TRlbCfE, n. [Fr. perdrix.] A wild fowl. 

PAR-Tu'RI-ATE, r. i. [L.parturio.] To bring forth young. 
\ Little used.] 

PAR-TtJ'RI-ENT, a. [L. parturiens.] Bringing forth or 
about to bring forth young. 

PAR-TU-Rl"TION, n. [L. parturio.] The act of bringing 
forth or being delivered of young. 

PAR'TY, 11. \Fr. partie.] 1. A number of persons united 
in opinion or design, in opposition to others in the com- 
munity. It difiers from /acfio?!, in implying a less dis- 
honorable association, or more justifiable designs. 2. One 
(jf two litigants ; the plaintiff or defendant in a lawsuit. 
3. One concerned or interested in an affair. 4. Side ; 



persons engaged against each other. 5. Cause ; side. 6. 
A select company invited to an intertainment. 7. A 
single person distinct from or opposed to another.— 8. In 
military affairs, a detachment or small number of troops 
sent on a particular duty, as to intercept the enemy's 
convoy, to reconnoiter, to seek forage, to flank the ene 
my, &c. 

PAR'TY-€oL-ORED, a. Having divers colors. 

PAR'TY-Ju-RY, 71. A jury consisting of half natives and 
half foreigners. 

PAR'TY-MAN, n. One of a party ; usually, a factious 
man ; a man of violent party principles ; an abettor of a 
party. 

PAR'TY-SPIR-IT, 71. The spirit that supports a party. 

PARTY-WALL, n. A wall that separates one house from 
the next. Moxon. 

PAR'U, n. A singular American fish. 

t PAR'VIS, 71. [Fr.] A church or church porch. 

t PAR'VI-TUDE, } T •«! 

+ PAR'VI-TY ( ^' Littleness. 

fPAS, 7(. [Fx.pas.] Right of going foremost ; precedence. 
J^rbuthnot. 

t PASCH, n. The passover ; the feast of Easter. 

PAS'CHAL, a. [L. pascha.] Pertaining to the passover, or 
to Easter, 

PAS€H'-EGG, 7!. An egg stained and presented to young 
persons, about the time of Easter. [Local.] 

PAS€H'-FLOW-ER. See Pasque-Flower. 

fPASH, 71. [Sp. fax; L.. fades.] 1. A face. 2. A blow. 

t PASH, V. t. To strike ; to strike down. Dryden. 

PA-SHAW, 71. [Pers. pashaw.] In the Turkish dominions, 
a viceroy, governor or commander; a bashaw. Eaton. 
See Bashaw. 

PA-SHAWLIC, 71. Thejurisdictionofapashaw. 

PA-SIG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. ttqs and ypacprj.] A system of 
universal writing, or a manner of writing that may be 
understood and used by all nations. Good. 

PASaUE'-FLOW-ER, (pask'-flow-er) n. A flower; a spe- 
cies of anemone. Fam. of Plants. 

PAS'QUIL, or PAS'aUIN, n. A mutilated statue at Rome, 
in a corner of the palace of Ursini, on which it has been 
customary to paste satiric papers. Hence, a lampoon. 

PAS'aUIL, PAS'QUIN, or PAS-aUIN-ADE', v. t. To 
lampoon; to satirize. Burton. 

PAS'QUIL-ER, 71. A lampooner. Burton. 

PAS-Q,UIN-aDE', n. A lampoon or satirical writing. 

PASS, v.i. [Fr. passer ; It. passare.] 1. To move, in al- 
most any manner ; to go ; to proceed from one place to 
another. 2. To move from one state to another ; to alter 
or change, or to be changed in condition. 3. To vanisli ; 
to disappear ; to be lost. 4. To be spent ; to go on or 
away progressively. 5. To die ; to depart from life : 
[I. u.] 6. To be in any state ; to undergo. 7. To be en- 
acted ; to receive the sanction of a legislative house or 
body by a majority of votes. 8. To be current ; to gain 
reception or to be generally received. 9, To be regarded ; 
to be received in opinion or estimation. 10, To occur ; 
to be present; to take place, ]J. To be done, 12, To 
determine ; to give judgment or sentence. 13. To thrust ; 
to make a push in fencing or fighting. Shak. 14. To 
omit; to suffer to go unheeded or neglected. 15. To 
move through any duct or opening. 16. To percolate ; to 
be secreted. 17. To be in a tolerable state. 18. To be 
transferred from one owner to another. 19. To go beyond 
bounds ; [obs.] 20. To run or extend ; as a line or other 
thing. 

To come to pass, to happen ; to arrive ; to come ; to be ; to 
exist; a phrase much used in the Scriptures. — To pass 
away. 1. To move from sight ; to vanish. 2. To be 
spent ; to be lost. — To pass by, to move near and beyond. 
— To pass on, to proceed. — To pass over, to go or move 
from side to side ; to cross. — 2"o pass into, to unite and 
blend, as two substances or colors, in such a manner that 
it is impossible to tell where one ends and the other , 
begins. 

PASS, V. t. 1. To go beyond ; as, the sun has passed the 
meridian. 2. To go through or over ; as, to pass a river. 
3. To spend ; to live through. 4. To cause to move ; to 
send ; as, to pass the bottle from one guest to another. 5. 
To cause to move hastily. G. To transfer from one owner 
to another; to sell or assign. 7. To strain; to cause to 
percolate. 8. To utter ; to pronounce. 9, To procure er 
cause to go, 10. To put an end to. 11. To omit ; to neg- 
lect either to do or to mention. 12. To transcend ; to 
transgress or go beyond. 13. To admit ; to allow ; to ap- 
prove and receive as valid or just. , 14. To approve or 
sr.doiion by a constitutional or legal majority of votes. 
IT). 'I'o enact ; to carry through all the forms necessary to 
give validity. 16. To impose fraudulently. 17. To prac- 
tice artfully ; to cause to succeed. 18. To surpass ; to ex- 
cel ; to exceed. 19. To thrust ; to make a push in fenc- 
ing. — To pass away, to spend ; to waste. — To pass by. 1. 
To pass near and beyond. 2. To overlook ; to excuse ; 
to forgive ; not to censure or punish. 3. To neglect ; 



* See Synopsis A, E, I, O, V. Y, lang.—FS.R. FALL. WHAT :— PREY :— PTN. MARINE, BiRD ;— t Obsolete. 



PAS 



593 



PAS 



to disregard. — To pass over. 1. To move from side to 
side 3 to cross. 2 To omit ; to overlooli or disregard. 

t'ASS, n. [W. f&s."] 1. A narrow passage, entrance or 
avenue ; a narrow or difficult place of entrance and exit. 
2. A passage ; a road. Raleigh. 3. Permission to pass, 
to go or to come ; a license to pass j a passport. 4. An 
Older for sending vagrants or impotent persons to their 
place of abode. — 5. In fencing and fighting, a thrust ; a 
push ; attempt to stab or strike. 6. State ; condition or 
extreme case ; extremity. 

i'S.!SS-PA-RoLE', w. [patisd^xiA parole.'] In military affairs, 
a command given at the head of an army mid communi- 
cated by word of mouth to the rear. 

I'ASS'A-BLE, a. [It. passabile.] 1. That may be passed, 
traveled or navigated. 2. That may be penetrated. 3. 
Current ; receivable ; that may be or is transferred from 
hand to hand. 4. Popular ; well received. 5 Supportable. 

PASS'A-BLY, adv. Tolerably. See Passibly 

PAS-SaDE', or PAS-Sa'DO, n. A push or thrust. 

PAS-SaDE', w. [Fr.] In the me?iaa-e, a turn or course of 
a horse backwards or forwards on the same spot of 
ground. 

PASS'A6E, n. [Fr. passage.] 1. The act of passing or 
moving by land or water, or through the air or other sub- 
stance. 2. The time of passing from one place to anoth- 
er. 3. Road ; way ; avenue ; a place where men or 
things may pass or be conveyed. 4. Entrance or exit. 5. 
Right of passing 6. Occurrence ; event ; incident ; that 
which happens. 7. A passing away ; decay ; [I. u.] 8. 
Intellectual admittance ; mental reception. 9. Manner 
of being conducted ; management. 10. Part of a book or 
writing ; a single clause, place or part of indefinite ex- 
tent. 11. Enactment; the act of carrying through all the 
regular forms necessary to give validity. — Bird of passage, 
a fowl that passes, at certain seasons, from one climate to 
another. 

PASS'A-OrER, w. [Fr.] A traveler or voyager. This word 
is usually written passenger. 

t PAS'SANT, a. [Fr. passant.] Cursory ; careless. Barrow. 
—En passant, by the way ; slightly ; in haste, 

PASSED, or PAST, pp. 1. Gone by ; done ; accomplished ; 
ended. 2. Enacted ; having received all the formalities 
necessary to constitute a law. 

PASS'EN-6ER, n. One who is traveling as in a public 
coach, or in a ship, or on foot. 

PASS'EN-6ER FAL'CON, n. [See Falcon.] A kind of 
migratory hawk." 

PASS'ER, n. One that passes ; a passenger. Rowe. 

PASS'ER-INE, a. [L. passer.] Pertaining to sparrows, 
or to the order of birds to which sparrows belong, the pas- 
seres. 

PAS-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. passibilite.] The quality or ca- 
pacity of receiving impressions from external agents ; apt- 
ness to feel or suffer. 

PAS'SI-BLE, a. [Fr. passible.] Susceptible of feeling or of 
impressions from external agents. 

PAS'SI-BLE-NESS. The same as passibility. 

PASS'ING, ppr. 1. Moving ; proceeding. 2. a. Exceed- 
ing ; surpassing ; eminent. — 3. Adverbially used to en- 
force or enhance the meaning of another word ; exceed- 
ingly. 

PASS'ING-BELL, n. The bell that rings at the hour of 
death to obtain prayers for the passing soul. 

t PASS'ING-LY, adv. Exceedingly. Wickliffe. 

PASS'ING-NOTE, n. In music, a note introduced between 
two others for the purpose of softening a distance or mel- 
odizing a passage. 

PAS'SIOIS), (pash'un) n. [li.passio.] 1. The impression or ef- 
fect of an external agent upon a body ; that which is suffered 
or received. 2. Susceptibility of impressions from external 
agents. 3. Suffering ; emphatically, the last suffering of 
the Savior. 4. The feeling of the mind, or the sensible 
effect of impression ; excitement, perturbation or agitation 
of mind. 5. Violent agitation or excitement of mind, 
particularly such as is occasioned by an offense, injury or 
insult ; hence, violent anger. 6. Zeal ; ardor ; vehement 
desire. 7. Love. 8. Eager desire. 

t PAS'SION, V. i. To be extremely agitated. Shak. 

PAS'SION-FLOAV-ER, n. A flower and plant. 

p;\S'SION-WEEK, n. The week immediately preceding 
tlie festival of Easter ; so called because in that week our 
Savior's passion and death took place. 

PAS'S [ON-A-RY, n. A book in which are described the 
sufferings of saints and martyrs. Warton. 

PAS'SION-ATE, a.' [It. passionato.] 1. Easily moved to 
auger ; easily excited or agitated by injury or insult. 2. 
Highly excited ; vehement J warm. 3. Expressing strong 
emotion ; animated. 

f I'AS'SION-ATE, V. t. To affect with passion ; to express 
passionately. Shak. 

PAS'SION-ATE-LY, adv. 1. With passion , with strong 
feeling ; ardently ; vehemently. 2. Angrily ; with vehe- 
ment resentment. 



PAS'SION-ATE-NESS, n. 1. State of being subject to pas 
sion or anger. 2- Vehemence of mind. 

PAS'SIONED, a. 1. Disordered ; violently affected. Spen- 
ser. 2. Expressing passion. Spenser. 

PAS'SION-LESS, a. 1. Not easily excited to anger; of a 
calm temper. 2. Void of passion. 

PASS'IVE, a. [It. passive; P'r. passif; L. passivvs.] 1. 
Suffering ; not acting, receiving, or capable of receiving, 
impressions from external agents. 2. Unresisting ; not 
opposing ; receiving or suffering without resistance. — 
Passive verb, in grammar, is a verb which expresses j,ay- 
sion, or the effect of an action of some agent ; as iji L. 
doceor, I am taught. 

PASS'IVE-LY, adv. 1. With a passive nature or temper. 
2. Without agency. 3. According to the form of the 
passive verb. 

PASS'IVE-NESS, n. 1. Quality of receiving impressions 
from external agents or causes. 2. Passibility ; capacity 
of suffering. 3. Patience ; calmness ; unresisting suli 
mission. 

PAS-SIV'I-TY, n. 1. Passiveness, which see ; [I. u.] 2. 
The tendency of a body to persevere in a given state 
either of motion or rest, till disturbed by another body. 

PASS'LESS, a. Having no passage. Cowley. 

PASS'O-VER, n. [pass and over.] 1, A feast of the Jews, 
instituted to commemorate the providential escape of the 
Hebrews, in Egypt, when God, smiting the first-born of 
the Egyptians, passed over the houses of the Israelites, 
which were marked with the blood of the paschal lamb 
2. The sacrifice offered at the feast of the passover. 

PASS'PoRT, n. [Fr. jyasseport.] 1. A written license 
from a king or other proper authority, granting permission 
or safe conduct for one to pass through his territories, or 
to pass from one country to another, or to navigate a par- 
ticular sea without hinderance or molestation. 2. A li- 
cense for importing or exporting contraband goods or mov- 
ables without payiiig the usual duties. 3. That whicli 
enables one to pass with safety or certainty. 

t PAS'SY-MEAS'URE, n. [It. pasamezzo.] An old, stately 
kind of dance ; a cmque-pace. '-— 

PAST, pp. of pass. 1. Gone by or beyond ; not present ; not 
future. 2. Spent ; ended ; accomplished. 

PAST, n. Elliptically, past time. Fenton. 

FAST, prep. 1. Beyond in time. Heb. x\. 2. Having lost ; 
not possessing. 3. Beyond ; out of reach of. 4. Be- 
yond ; further than. 5. Above ; more than ; [obs.] 6. 
After ; beyond in time. 

Paste, n. [Fr. pd,te, tor paste.] 1. A soft composition of 
substances, as flour moistened with water or milk and 
kneaded, or any kind of earth moistened and formed to 
the consistence of dough. 2. An artificial mixture in im- 
itation of precious stones or gems, used in the glass trade. 
— 3. In mineralogy, the mineral substance in which other 
minerals are imbedded. 

Paste, v. t. To unite or cement with paste; to fasten 
with paste. Watts. 

PaSTE'BoARD, 71. A species of thick paper formed of sev- 
eral single sheets pasted one upon another, or by macer- 
ating paper and casting it in molds, &c. 

PAS'TEL, n. 1. A plant, the woad, of the genus isatis. 2 
[Sp.] A coloring substance. 

PAS'TERN, n. [Fr. p&turon.] 1. The part of a horse's leg 
between the joint next the foot and the coronet of the 
hoof. 2. The human leg ; in contempt. 

PAS'TERN-JOINT, n. The joint in a horse's leg next the 
foot. 

PAS-TIC'CI-O, 71. [It.] A medley ; an olio. 

PAS'TIL, n. [I-. pastillus ; Fr. pastille.] 1. A roll of 
paste, or a kind of paste made of different colors ground 
with gum-water in order to make crayons. — 2. In phar- 
macy, a dry composition of sweet-smelling resins, aro- 
matic woods, &c. burnt to clear and scent the air of a room. 

PAS'TlME, n. [pass and time.] Sport; amusement ; diver- 
sion ; that which amuses and serves to make time pass 
agreeably. Watts. 

PAS'TlME, V. i. To sport ; to use diversion. [Littleused.] 

PAS'TOR, n. [L. from pasco, pastum ,• Fr. paiire.] 1. A 
shepherd ; one that has the care of flocks and herds. 2 
A minister of the gospel who has the charge of a church 
and congregation. Swift. 

PAS'TO-RAL, a. [L. pastoralis.] 1. Pertaining to shep- 
herds ; as a pastoral life. 2. Descriptive of the life t f 
shepherds. 3. Relating to the care of souls, or to the pas- 
tor of a church. Hooker. 

PAS'TO-RAL, n. A poem describing the life and man- 
ners of shepherds, or a poem in imitation of the action 
of a shepherd, and in which the speakers take upo)a 
themselves the character of shepherds ; an idyl ; a bu 
colic. 

PAS'TOR- ATE, n. The office, state or jurisdiction of aspii 
itual pastor. Tooke. 

PAS'TOR-LyJ^' \ ''• Becoming a pastor. MUton. 

PAS'TOR-SIIIP, n. The office or rank of pastor. Bull. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE :— BULIi, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J : S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 
38 



PAT 



.594 



PAT 



PaST'RY, 71. 1. Things in general which are made of paste, 
or of which paste constitutes a principal ingredient. 2. 
The place where pastry is made. 

PAST'RY-eOOK, n. One whose occupation is to make and 
sell articles' made of paste. Arbuthnot. 

PaS'TUR-A-BLE, a. [from. j)aslure.^ Fit for pasture. 

PAS'TUR-A6E, n. [Fr. paturage.] 1. The business of 
feeding or grazing cattle. 2. Grazing ground ; land ap- 
propriated to grazing. 3. Grass for feed. 

PAST'URE, n. [Fr. pature, for pasture.] 1. Grass for the 
food of cattle ; the food of cattle taken by grazing. 2. 
Ground covered with grass appropriated for the food of 
cattle. 3. Human culture ; education ; [obs.] — Common 
of pasture is the right of feedmg cattle on another's 
ground. 

PAST'URE, V. t. To feed on giass or to supply grass for 
food. 

PAST'URE, V. i. To graze J to take food by eatmg grass 
from the groimd. Milton. 

PaST'Y, a. Like paste ; of the consistence of paste. Cooper. 

* PaST'Y, n. [fiom paste.] A pie made of paste and baked 
without a dish. Pope. 

PAT, a. [G. pass ; D. pas.] Fit j convenient ; exactly suit- 
able either as to tiine or place. Swift. 

PAT, adv. Fitly ; conveniently. Shak. 

PAT, 71. [W. fat.] A light, quick blow or stroke with the 
fingers or hand. 

PAT, V. t. To strike gently with the fingers or hand ; to 
tap. 

PA-Ta€A, In. a Spanish coin of the value of about 

PAT-A-€OON', ) $ 1,04 cents. 

PA-TaCHE', 7). [Sp.] A tender, or small vessel. 

PAT-A-VIN'I-TY, 71. The use of local words, or the pecu- 
liar style or diction of Livy, the Roman historian. 

PATCH, n. [It.pezza.] 1. A piece of cloth sewed on a 
garment to repair it. 2. A small piece of any thing used 
to repair a breach. 3. A small piece of silk used to cover 
a defect on the face, or to add a charm. 4. A piece in- 
serted in mosaic or variegated work. 5. A small piece 
of ground, or a small detached piece. 6. A paltry fellow. 

PATCH, V. t. 1. To mend by sewing on a piece or pieces. 
2. To adorn with a patch or with patches. 3. To mend 
with pieces ; to repair clumsily. 4. To repair with pieces 
fastened on. 5. To make up of pieces and shreds. 6. To 
dress in a part} -colored coat. 7. To make suddenly or 
hastily ; to make without regard to forms. 

PATCHED, pp. Mended with a patch or patches ; mended 
clumsily. 

PATCH'ER, n. One that patches or botches. 

PATCH'ER-Y, n. Bungling work ; botchery ; forgery. 

PATCH'ING, ppr. Mending with a piece or pieces ; botch- 
ing. 

FATCH'WoRK, 71. 1. Work composed of pieces of various 
figures sewed together. 2. Work composed of pieces 
clumsily put together. 

I \TE, n. [qu. Ir. bathas.] 1. The head, or rather the top 
of the head. 2. The skin of a calf's head.— 3. In fortifi- 
cation, a kind of platform resemblmg what is called a 
horse-shoe. 

FaT'ED, a. In composition, having a pate. 

PA-TEE', ) n In heraldry, a cross small in the centre, 

PAT-TEE', \ and widening to the extremities, which are 
broad. 

PAT-E-F ACTION, 7^. \1^. patefactio .] The act of opening 
or manifesting ; open declaration. Pearson. 

PA-TEL'LI-FORM, a. [L. patella a.nAform.] Of the form 
of a dish or saucer. Barton. 

PAT'EL-LITE, n. Fossil remains of the patella, a shell. 

t PAT 'EN, or f PAT'IN, ?,. [L. patina.] 1. A plate.— 2. 
In the Romish church, the cover of the chalice, used for 
holding particles of the host. 

*PAT'ENT, a. [Fr., from L. patejis.] 1. Open ; spread ; 
expanded. — 2. In botany, spreading ; forming an acute 
angle with the stem or branch. 3. Open to the perusal of 
all"; as letters patent ; [see Letter.] 4. Appropriated by 
letters patent. 5. Apparent ; conspicuous. 

*PAT'ENT, n. A writing given by the proper authority 
and duly authenticated, granting a privilege to some per- 
son or persons. 

* PAT'ENT, V. t. 1. To grant by patent. 2. To secure the 
exclusive right of a thing to a person. 

■♦ PAT'ENT-ED, pp. Granted by patent; secured by patent 
or by law as an exclusive privilege. 

PAT-EN-TEE', n. One to whom a grant is made or a priv- 
ilege secured by patent or by law. 

* PAT'ENT-ING, ppr. Granting by patent ; securing as a 
privilege. 

* PAT'ENT-RoLLS, n. The records or registers of pat- 
ents. 

PA-TERN' AL, a. [Fr. paternel ; L. patemus.] 1. Pertain- 
ing to a father; fatherly. 2. Derived from the father; 
Hereditary. 

PA-TERN'I-TY, n. [Fr. paternite : It. patermta.] Father- 
ship ; the relation of a father. Raleigh. 



Pa'TER-NOS-TER, n. [L. our father.] The Lords 

prayer, 

PATH, n.; pIu.Vaths. [Sax. path, paith.] 1. A way beat- 
en or trodden by the feet of man or beast. 2. Any nar- 
row way beaten by the foot. 3. The way, course or track 
where a body moves in the atmosphere or in space. 4. A 
way or passage. 5. Course of life. 6. Precepts ; rules 
prescribed. 7. Course of providential dealings ; moral 
government. 

PATH, jB. t. [Sax. pethtkian.] 1. To make a path bv 
treading; to beat a path, as in snow. U. States. 2. In 
push forward ; to cause to go ; to make way for. Shak. 

PATH, V. i. To walk abroad. SJiak. 

PA-THET'1€, or PA-THET'I-€AL, a. [Gr. TradvrcKos.] 
Afiecting or moving the passions, particularly pity, sor- 
row, grief or other tender emotion. 

PA-THaT'I€, ?t. Style or manner adapted to awaken tho 
passions, especially tender emotions. 

PA-THET'I-€AL-LY, adv. In such a manner as to excite 
the tender passions. 

PA-THET'I-€AL-NESS, n. The quality of moving tho 
tender passions. 

PATH'FLY, n. A fly found in foot-paths. 

PATH'IC, n. [Gr. ■rraOos.] A catamite ; a male that sub- 
mits to the crime aga^inst nature. Gillies. 

PATH'LESS, a. Having no beaten way ; untrodden. 

PA-THOG-NO-MON'ie, a. [Gr. TTadoyvioixovLKog.] Indi- 
cating that wliich is inseparable from a disease, being 
found in that and in no other ; hence, indicating that 
by which a disease may be certainly known ; character- 
istic. 

PA-THOG'NO-MY, ?i. [Gr. TTadog and yvw/z;?.] Expression 
of the passions ; the science of the signs by which human 
passions are indicated. 

P A.TpT-O-LOG'IC ) 

PATH-0-L06'I-€AL, 1 ""■ Pertaining to pathology. 

PATH-0-LOG'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of pathol- 
ogy. 

PA-THOL'0-GIST, n. One who treats of pathology. 

PA-THOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. 7ra0of and Xvyog.] That part of 
medicine which explains the nature of diseases, thehr 
causes and symptoms. 

Pa'THOS, n. [Gr.] Passion ; warmth or vehemence, in a 
speaker ; or, in language, that which excites emotions and 
passions. 

PATH'WAY, n. 1. A path ; usually, a narrow way to be 
passed on foot. 2. A way ; a course of life. 

t PAT'I-BLE, a. [L, patibilis.] Sufierable ; tolerable ; that 
may be endured. Diet. 

PA-TIB'U-LA-RY, a. [Yx. patibulaire.] Belonging to the 
gallows, or to execution on the cross. Diet. 

Pa'TIENCE, (pa'shens) n. [Fr.; IL. patientia.] 1. The suf- 
fering of afflictions, pain, toil, calamity, provocation or 
other evU, with a calm, umiiffled temper; eijdurance 
without murmuring or ftetfulness. 2. A calm temper 
which bears evils without murmuring or discontent. 3. 
The act or quality of waiting long for justice or expected 
good without discontent. 4. Perseverance ; constancy in 
labor or exertion. 5. The quality of bearing oflenses and 
injuries without anger or revenge. 6. Sufferance; per- 
mission ; [obs.] Hooker. 7. A plant, a species of rmnex 
or dock. 

Pa'TIENT, (pri'shent) a. [Fr.; L. patiens.] 1. Having the 
quality of endurhig evils without murmuring or fretful- 
ness ; sustaining afflictions of body or mind wdth forti- 
tude. 2. N^ot easily provoked ; calm under the sufferance 
of injuries or offenses ; not revengeful. 3. Persevering ; 
constant in pursuit or exertion ; calmly diligent. 4. Not 
hasty ; not over eager or impetuous ; waiting or expecting 
with calmness or vithout discontent. 

Pa'TIENT, n. 1. A person or thing that receives impres- 
sions from external agents ; he or that which is passively 
affected. 2. A person diseased or suffering bodily indis- 
position. 3. It is sometimes used absolutely for a sick 
person. 

t Pa'TIENT, ?•. t. To compose one's self. Shak. 

Pa'TIENT-LY, adv. 1. With calmness or composure ; 
without discontent or murmuring. 2. With calm and 
constant diligence. 3. Without agitation, uneasiness or 
discontent ; without undue haste or eagerness 

PAT'IN. See Paten. 

PAT'LY, adv. [from pat.] Fitly ; conveniently. 

PAT'NESS, t;. Fitness; suitableness; conveniencs. 

Pa'TRI-ARCH, n. [L. patnarcha.] 1, 'J'he father and 
ruler of a family ; one who governs by paternal right. 2. 
A learned and distinguished character among the Jews. — 
3. In the Christian church, a dignitary superior to the or- 
der of archbishops. 

PA-TRI-AR€H'AL, or PA-TRI-AR€H'I€, a. 1. Belonging 
to patriarchs ; possessed by patriarchs. 2. Subject to a 
patriarch. — Patriarchal cross, in he7 aldry, is that where 
the shaft is twice crossed, the lower arms being longer 
than the upper ones. Encyc. 



See Synopsis. A, K, T, O, U, "?, long.— FAB, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— t Obsolete 



PAT 



595 



PAW 



r'A'TRI-ARCH-ATE, ; n. The office, dignity or jurisdiction 

]'A'TRI-AR€H-SHIP, \ of a patriarch. 

I'A'TRI-AReH-Y, n. The jurisdiction of a patriarch ; a pa- 
triarchate. Brerewood. 

rA-TRl"ClAN, (pa-trish'an) a. [Fr. patricien ; L.patricius.] 
fcrenatorial ; noble ; not plebeian. Addison. 

PA-TRl"CIAN, n. A nobleman. — In the Roman state, the 
patilcians were the descendants of the first Roman sena- 
tors. 

PAT-RI-M6'NI-AL, a. [Fr.] Pertaining to a patrimony ; 
inherited Jrom ancestors. 

PAT-RI-Mo'NI-AL-LY, adv. By inheritance. Davenant. 

PAT'RI-MO-NY, n. [L. patrimonium ] 1. A right or estate 
inherited from one's ancestors. 2. A church estate or 
revenue. 

* PAT'RI-OT, or Pa'TRI-OT, n. [Fr. patriate.] A person 
who loves his country, and zealously supports and defends 
It and its interests. 

* PAT'RI-OT, or Pa'TRI-OT, a. Patriotic ; devoted to the 
welfare of one's country : as, patriot zeal. 

* PAT-RI-0T'I€, a. 1. Full of patriotism ; actuated by the 
love of one's country. 2. Inspired by the love of one's 
country ; directed to the public safety and welfare. 

* PAT'Rl-OT-ISM, or Pa'TRI-OT-ISM, n. Love of one's 
country ; the passion which aims to serve one's country. 

PA-TRIS'TI€, ) a. [L. pater, patres.] Pertaining to 

PA-TRIS'TI-€AL, \ the ancient fatliers of the Christian 
church. M. Stuart. 

t PA-TROC'I-NATE, v. t. To patronize. 

t PA-TROC-I-Na'TION, n. Countenance ; support. Hall. 

I PAT'RO-CIN-Y, n. Patronage ; support. 

PA-TRoL', ) n. [Fr. patrouille.] 1. In tear, a round ; a 

PA-TRoLL', \ walking or marching round by a guard in 
the night, to watch and observe what passes, and to secure 
the peace and safety of a camp or other place. 2. The 
guard or persons who go the rounds for observation. 

PA-TRoLL', ■?;• i. [Fr. pair ouiller.] To go the rounds in 
a camp or gan-ison ; to march about and observe what 



PA-TRoLL'ING, ppr. Going the rounds, as a guard. 

*PAT'RON, or Pa'TRON, n. [L. patromis.] 1. Among 
the Romans, a master who had freed his slave, and re- 
tained some rights over him after his emancipation ; also, 
a man of distinction under whose protection another 
placed himself. 2. One who countenances, supports and 
protects either a person or a work. — 3. In the church of 
Rome, a guardian or saint, whose name a person bears, or 
under whose special care he is placed, and whom he in- 
vokes ; or a saint in whose name a church or order is 
founded. — 4. In the canon or coimnon laio, one who has 
the gift and disposition of a benefice. 5. An advocate ; a 
defender ; one that specially countenances and supports, 
or lends aid to advance. — 6. In seamen's language, the 
commander of a small vessel or passage beat ; also, one 
who steers a ship's long boat. 

PAT'R0N-A6E, n. ]. Special countenance or support ; fa- 
vor or aid aiforded to second the views of a person or to 
promote a design. 2. Guardianship, as of a saint. 3. Ad- 
vowson ; the right of presentation to a church or ecclesi- 
astical benefice. 

t PAT'RON-AGE, v. t. To patronize or support. Shak. 

* PAT'RO-NAL, a. Doing tlie office of a patron ; protecting ; 
supporting; favoring; defending. [Little used.] Brown. 

* PAT'RON-ESS, or PA'TRON-ESS, n. 1. A female that 
favors, countenances or supports. 2. A female guardion 
saint. 3. A female that has the i-ight of presenting to a 
church living. 

PAT'RON-iZE, V. t. 1. To support ; to countenance ; to de- 
fend, as a patron his client. 2. To favor ; to lend aid to 
promote, as an undertaking. 3. To maintain ; to defend ; 
to support. 

PAT'RON-lZED, pp. Defended ; supported ; favored ; pro- 
moted. 

PAT'RON-lZ-ER, n. One that supports, countenances or 
favors. 

PAT'RON-lZ-ING,pp-. Defending; supporting; favoring; 
promoting. 

* PAT'RON-LESS, a. Destitute of a patron. Shaftsbury. 
PAT-RO-NYM'I€, n. [G. i:aTpo)vviJLiKos.] A name of men 

or women derived from that of their parents or ancestors. 

PAT'TEN, w. [Fr. patin.] 1. The base of a column or pil- 
lar. 2. A wooden shoe with an iron ring, worn to keep 
the shoes from the dirt or mud. 

PAT'TEN-Ma-KER, ?(. One that makes pattens. 

PAT'TER, V. i To strike, as falling drops of water or hail, 
with quick succession of small sounds. 

PAT'TIiR-ING, ppr. Striking with a quick succession of 
small sounds. 

PAT'T ERN, n. [Fr. patron.] 1. An original or model pro- 
posed for imitation ; the archetype ; an exemplar ; that 
•jvhich is to be copied or imitated. 2. A specimen ; a 
sample ; a part showing the figure or quality of the whole. 



3. An instance ; an example. 4. Any thing cut or formed 

into the shape of something to be made after it. 
PATTERN, v.t. 1. To make in imitation of r.ome model , 

to copy. 2. To serve as an example to be followed. — To 

pattern after, to imitate ; to follow. 
PAT'TY, n. [Fr. pate, paste.] A little pie. 
PAT'T Y-PAN, n. A pan to bake a little pie in. 
PAT'U-LOUS, a. [L. patulus.] Spreading, as a patulous 

calyx ; bearing the flowers loose or dispersed 
PAU-CIL'O-aU Y, n. [L. paucus.] The utterance of a few 

words. [Little used.] 
PAU'CI-TY, n. [L. paucitas.] 1. Fewness ; smallness of 

number. 2. Smallness of quantity. 
PAUM, V. t. To impose by fraud ; a corruption of palm. 
PAUNCE, 71. A pansy. See Pansy. 

* PAUNCH, (panch) 71. [Fr. panse ; It., Sp. panza.] The 
paunch, in ruminating quadrupeds, is the first and largest 
stomach, into vi'hich the food is received before rumination. 

* PAUNCH, V. t. To pierce or rip the belly ; to eviscerate ; 
to take out the contents of the belly. Shak, 

PAUP'ER, 71. [L. pauper.] A poor person; pai-ticularly, one 
so indigent as to depend on the parish or town for mainte- 
nance. _ 

PAUFER-ISM, n. The state of being poor or destitute of 
the means of support ; the state of indigent persons requir- 
ing support from the community. 

PAUSE, (pawz) ?«. [L., Sp., It. pausa ; Fr. pause.] 1. A 
stop ; a cessation or intermission of action, of speaking, 
singing, playing or the like ; a temporary stop or rest. 2. 
Cessation proceeding from doubt ; suspense. 3. Break or 
paragraph in writing. 4. A temporary cessation in read- 
ing. 5. A mark of cessation or intermission of the voice ; 
a point. 

PAUSE, V. i. 1. To make a short stop ; to cease to speak 
for a time ; to intermit speaking or action. 2. To stop ; ta 
wait; to forbear for a time. 3. To be intermitted. — To 
pause upon, to deliberate. Shak. 

PAUS'ER, 71. One who pauses ; one who deliberates. 

PAUS'ING, ppr. Stopping for a time ; ceasing to speak or 
act ; deliberating. 

PAUS'ING-LY, adv. After a pause ; by breaks. 

PA- VAN', n. [Sp. pavana.] A grave dance among the 
Spaniards. Shak. 

PAVE, V. t. [Fr. paver ; L. pavio.] 1. To lay or cover with 
stone or brick so as to make a level or convenient surface 
for horses, carriages or foot passengers ; to floor with brick 
or stone. 2. To prepare a passage ; to facilitate the intro- 
duction of. 

PaVED, pp. Laid over with stones or bricks ; prepared, as 
away. 

PaVE'MENT, n. [1j. pavimentuvi .] A floor or covering 
consisting of stones or bricks, laid on the earth in such a 
manner as to make a hard and convenient passage. 

PaVE'MENT, v. t. To pave ; to floor with stone or brick. 
[Unusual.] Bp. Hall. 



PAVER, 



(pave'yer) 



71. One who lays stones for a floor, 
or whose occupation is to pave. 



PAV'IER, 

Qav. 

PA-VlL'ION, (pa-vil'yun) 71. [Fr. pavilion.] LA tent; a 
temporary movable habitation. — 2. In architecttire, a kind 
of turret or building, usually insulated and contained un- 
der a single roof. — 3. In military affairs, a tent raised on 
posts.— 4. In heraldry, a covering in form of a tent, in- 
vesting the armories of kings. — 5. Among jewelers, the 
under side and corner of brilliants, lying between the gir- 
dle and collet. 

PA-VIL'ION, v. t. 1. To furnish with tents. Milton. 2. To 
shelter with a tent. Pope. 

PA-VIL'IONED, pp. Furnished with pavilions ; sheltered 
bv a tent. 

PAV'ING, ppr. Flooring with stones or bricks. 

PAVING, n. Pavement ; a floor of stones or bricks. 

PA'VO, n. [L.l A constellation in the southern hemisphere, 
consisting of fourteen stars ; also, a fish. 

fPA-VoNE', 71. [L. pawo.] A peacock. Spenser. 

PAVO-NINE, a. [L. pavoninus.] Resembling the tail of a 
peacock ; iridescent. Cleavelond. 

PAW, 71. [W.pawen.] 1. The foot of beasts of prey having 
'claws. 2. The hand ; in contempt. 

PAW, v. i. To draw the fore foot along the ground ; to 
scrape with the fore foot. Swift. 

PAW, v.t. L To scrape with the fore foot. Tickel. 2. To 
handle roughly ; to scratch. 3. To fawn ; to flatter. 
Ainsioorth. 

PAWED, a. L Having paws. 2. Broad-footed. 

PAWK'Y,ff. [Sax. pmcan.] Arch ; cunning. [Local.] Grose. 

PAWL, n. [W. paioL] Among seamen, a short bar of wood 
or iron fixed close to the capstan or windlass of a ship, to 
prevent it from rolling back or giving way. 

PAWN, n. [B.pand; G. pfand.] 1. Something given or 
deposited as security for the payment of money borrowed ; 
a pledge. 2. A pledge for the fulfillment of a promise. 
3. A common man at chess; [see Peon.]— /n pawn, at 
pawn, the state of being pledged. Shak. 



* See Synopds. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



PEA 



PEA 



PAWN, V. t. ID. panden ; Sp. empenar.] 1. To give or de- 
posit in pledge, or as security for the payment of money 
borrowed 5 to pledge. 2. To pledge for the fulfillment of 
a promise. _ 

PAWN'-BRoK-ER, n. One who lends money on pledge or 
the deposit of goods. Arbuthnot. 

PAWNED, pp. Pledged ; given in security. 

PAWN-EE', 11. The person to whom a pawn is delivered as 
security ; one that takes anv thing in pawn. 

PAWN'ER, n. One that pledges any thing as security for 
the payment of borrowed money. 

PAWN'ING, ppr. Pledging, as goods ; giving as security. 

PAX, n. [L.paz.] A little image or piece of board with the 
image of Christ upon the cross on it, which people, before 
the reformation, used to kiss after the service ; the cere- 
mony being considered as ihe kiss of peace. Todd. 

PAX'-WAX. See Pack -wax. 

PAY, V. t. ; pret. and pp. paid. [Fr. payer.] 1. To dis- 
charge a debt 5 to deliver to a creditor the value of the 
debt, either in money or goods, to his acceptance or satis- 
faction, by which the obligation of the debtor is discharg- 
ed. 2. To discharge a duty created by promise or by cus- 
tom or by the moral law. 3. To fulfill ; to perform what 
is promised. 4. To render what is due to a superior, or 
demanded by civility or courtesy. 5. To beat. 6. To re- 
ward ; to recompense. 

To paij for. 1. To make amends ; to atone by suffering. 
2. To give an equivalent for any thing purchased. — To 
pay, or pay over, in seamen^s language, to daub or be- 
smear the surface of any body, to preserve it from injury 
by water or weather. — To pay off, to make compensation 
to and discharge. — To pay out, to slacken, extend or cause 
to run out. Mar. Diet. 

PAY, V. i. To pay off, in seamen^s language, is to fall to lee- 
ward, as the head of a ship. Mar. Diet. — To pay on, to 
beat with vigor J to redouble blows ; [colloquial.] 

PAY, 71. 1. Compensation ; recompense ; an equivalent 
given for money due, goods purchased or services per- 
formed ; salary or wages for services ; hire. 2. Compen- 
sation ; reward. 

PAY'A-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may or ought to be paid. 2. 
That can be paid ; that there is power to pay. South. 

PAY'-BILL, n. A bill of money to be paid to the soldiers of 
a company. 

PAYf-DAY, n. The day when payment is to be made or 
debts discharged. Locke. 

PAY-EE', n. The person to whom money is to be paid. 

PAY'ER, n. One that pays. 

PAY'MAS-TER, n. I. One who is to pay ; one from whom 
wages or reward is received. — 2. In the army, an officer 
whose duty is to pay the officers and soldiers their wages, 
and who is intrusted Vv'ith money for this purpose. 

PAY'MENT, w. 1. The act of paying, or giving compensa- 
tion. 2. The thing given in discharge of a debt or fulfill- 
ment of a promise. 3. Reward 5 recompense. 4. Chas- 
tisement ; sound beating; [obs.] 

PAY'NIM. See Painim. 

PaY'-OF-FiOE, n. A place or office where payment is 
made of public debts. 

t PAYiSE, t PAY'SER, for poise, poiser. Spenser. 

PeA, (pe) 71. [Sax. pisa ; Fr. pais.] A plant and its fruit, of 
the genus pisum, of many varieties. In the plural, we 
write peas, for two or more individual seeds, but pease, 
for an indefinite number in quantity or bulk. 

Peace, %. [Sax., Norm, pais ; Fr. paix ; It. pace ; Sp., 
Port, pai ; L. pax..] 1. In a general sense, a state of quiet 
or tranquillity ; freedom fro'm disturbance or agitation ; 
applicable to society, to individuals, or to the temper of 
the mind. 2. Freedom from war with a foreign nation ; 
public quiet. 3. Freedom from internal commotion or 
civil war. 4. Freedom from private quarrels, suits or dis- 
turbance. 5. Freedom from agitation or disturbance by 
the passions, as from fear, terror, anger, anxiety or the 
like ; quietness of mhid ; tranquillity ; calmness ; quiet 
of conscience. 6. Heavenly rest ; the happiness of heaven. 
Is. Ivii. 7. Harmony ; concord ; a state of reconciliation 
between parties at variance. 8. Public tranquillity ; that 
quiet, order and security which is guarantied by the laws. 
— To be at peace, to be reconciled ; to live in harmony. — 
To make peace, to reconcile, as parties at variance. — To 
hold the peace, to be silent ; to suppress one's thoughts ; 
not to speak. 

PeACE'A-BLE, a. 1. Free from war, tumult or public com- 
motion. 2. Free from private feuds or quarrels. 3. Qui- 
et ; undisturbed ; not agitated with passion. 4. Not vio- 
lent, bloody or unnatural. 

PeACE'A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The state of being peaceable ; 
quietness. 2. Disposition to peace. Hammond. 

PeACE'A-BLY, adv. 1. Without war ; without tumult or 
commotion ; without private feuds and quarrels. 2. With- 
out disturbance ; quietly ; without agitation ; without in- 
terruption. 

PEACE'BREAK-ER, n. One that violates or disturbs public 
peace. 



PeACE'FUL, a. 1. auiet ; undisturbed ; not in a state of 
war or commotion. 2. Pacific 5 mild ; calm. 3. Remov 
ed from noise or tumult ; still ; undisturbed. 

PeACE'F]JL-LY, adv. I. Without war or commotion. 2 
auietly ; without disturbance. 3 Mildly : gently. 

PeACE'FTJL-NESS, n. I. Quiet ; freedom from war, tu- 
mult, disturbance or discord. 2. Freedom from mental 
perturbation. 

PeACE'LESS, a. Without peace ; disturbed. Sandys. 

PeACE'Ma-KER, 71. One who makes peace by reconciling 
parties that are at variance. 

PeACE'-OF-FER-ING, n. An oiFering that procures peace 
Among the Jews, an offering or sacrifice to God for atone- 
ment and reconciliation for a crime or offense. 

PeACE'-OF-FI-CER, n. A civil officer whose duty is to 
preserve the public peace. 

PeACE'-P ART-ED, a. Dismissed from the world in peace. 

Peach, %. [Fr. peche.] A tree and its fruit. 

fPEACH, foi impeach, not used. Dryden. 

PeACH'-€6L-0R, n. The pale red color of the peach blos- 
som. 

PeACH'-€6L-ORED, a. Of the color of a peach blossom. 

IPeACH'ER, n. An accuser. Fox. 

PeA'CHICK, 71. The chicken or young of the peacock. 

PeACH'-TREE, n. The tree that produces the peach. 

PeA'€0€K, 71. [Pea, in this word, is from L. pavo ; Sax. 
pawa.] A large and beautiful fowl of the genus pavo. 

Pea 'COCK-FISH, n. A fish of the Indian seas. 

PeA'HEN, 71. [G.pfauhenne, ox pfauen ; D.paauwin.] The 
hen or female of the peacock. 

Peak, n. [Sax peac ; Ir. peac ; Fr. pique.] 1. The top of 
a hill or mountain, ending in a point. 2. A point ; the 
end of any thing that terminates in a point. 3. The up- 
per corner of a sail which is extended by, a gaflTor yard j 
also, the extremity of the yard or gaff". 

fPEAK, V. i. 1. To look sickly or thin. Shak. 2. To make- 
a mean figure ; to sneak. Shak. 

Peak, v. t. To raise a gaff" or yard more obliquely to the 
jnast. Mar. Diet. 

PeAK'ING, a. Mean ; sneaking ; poor. [ Vulgar.] 

PeAK'ISH, a. Denoting or belonging to an acuminated sit- 
uation. Drayton. 

PeAL, n. [L. pello.] A loud sound ; usually, a succession 
of loud sounds, as of bells, thunder, &lc. .Addison. 

PeAL, v. i. To utter loud and solemn sounds. 

PeAL, v. t. 1. To assail with noise. 2. To cause to ring or 
jound ; to celebrate. 3. To stir or agitate ; [obs.] 

PeALED, pp. Assailed with sound ; resounded ; celebrated. 

PeAL'ING, ppr. Uttering a loud sound or successive 
jounds ; resounding. 

Pe'AN, n. [L. paan.] A song of praise or triumph. 

Pe'AN-ISM, n. The song or shouts of praise or of battle j 
shouts of triumph. Mitford. 

PEAR, n. [Sax , Sp., Port., It. pera ; D. peer.] The fruit 
of the pyrus communis, of many varieties. 

PEAR'-PLANT, n. A plant. 

PEARCH. See Perch. 

PEARL, (perl) 7;. [Fr. perZe; It., Sp. perla ; Sax. pearl.] 
1. A white, hard, smooth, shining body, usually round- 
ish, found in a testaceous fish of the oyster kind. 2. Po- 
etically, something round and clear, as a drop of water 
or dew. 3. A white speck or film growing on the eye, 

PEARL, (perl) v. t. To set or adorn with pearls. 

PEARL, (perl) v. i. To resemble pearls. Spenser. 

PEARL' ASH, (perl'ash) n. An alkali obtained from the ash 
es of wood ; refined potash. 

PEARLED,_(perld) a. Set or adorned with pearls. 

PEARL'-EYED, (perl'Ide) a. Having a speck in the eye. 

PEARL'-SIN-TER, n. Fiorite ; a variety of silicious sinter. 

PEARL'-SPAR, (perl'-spar) n. Brown spar. 

PEARL'-STONE, n. A mineral. Jameson. 

PEARL'-WORT, ) a , . ^*i, 

PEARL'-GR^SS i "' ^ plant of the genus sagina. 

PEARL'Y, (perl'y) a. 1. Containing pearls ; abounding 
with pearls. 2. Resembling pearls; clear; pure; trans- 
parent. 

PEaR'MAIN, 71. A variety of the apple. 

PEaR'-TREE, n. The tree that produces pears. 

PEAS'ANT, (pez'ant) n. [Fr. paysan; Sp., Fort. paisano J 
A countryman ; one whose business is rural labor. 

PEAS'ANT, (pez'ant) a. Rustic ; rural. Spenser. 

PEAS' ANT-LiKE, ) a. Rude ; clownish ; illiterate ; re- 

PEAS'ANT-LY, \ sembling peasants. 

PEAS'ANT-RY, (pez'ant-ry) n. 1. Peasants ; rustics ; the 
body of country people. 2. Rusticity ; [obs.] Butler. 

PeAS'-€OD, ) n. The legume or pericarp of the pea 

PeA'-SHELL, \ Walton. 

PeA'STONE, 71. A subspecies of limestone. 

PeASE, n. Peas collectively, or used as food. See Pea. 

Peat, n. [G. pfutze.] A substance resembling turf, used 

Peat. '[Fr. petit. See Pet.] 

PeAT'-MOSS, n. [peat and moss.] 1. An earthy materia) 
used as fuel . 2. A fen producing peat. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FXR, FALL, WHAT ,— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obs( etc 



PEC 



597 



PED 



PEB'BLE, or PEB'BLE-STONE, n. [Sax. pabob, papol- 
stMiia.] In popular usage, a roundish stone of any kind, 
from tne size of a nut to that of a man's head. — In a 
pJiilosophical sense, minerals distinguished from flints by 
their variety of 001015-.'" 

PEB'BLE-€RYS-TAL, n. A crystal in foiTO of nodules. 

PEB'BLED, a. Abounding with pebbles. Thomson. 

PEB'BLY, a. Full of pebbles ; abounding with small round- 
ish stones. 

PEe'A-RY, or PEe'€A-RY, n. A quadruped of Mexico, 
in general appearance resembling a hog. 

PE€-eA-BIL'I-TY, n. State of being subject to sin ; capa- 
city of sinning. Decay of Piety. 

PE€'€A-BLE, a. [L. pecco ] Liable to sin ; subject to trans- 
gress the divine law. Priestley. 

PE€-€A-DlL'LO, n. [Sp. dim. from pecado ,• L. peccaium ; 
Fr. peccadille.] 1. A slight trespass or offense ; a petty 
crime or fault. 2. A sort of stiff ruff. 

rE€ €AN-CY, 71. 1. Bad quality. 2. Offense. 

PEC'CANT, a. [L. peccans ; Fr. peccant.] 1. Sinning ; 
guilty of sin or transgression ; criminal. 2. Morbid ; bad j 
corrupt ; not healthy. 3. Wrong ; bad ; defective ; in- 
formal; as., a peccant citation ; [obs.] 

t PEC'CANT, n. An offender. Whitlock. 

PE€-€a'VI. [L. I have offended.] A colloquial word used 
to express confession or acknowledgment of an offense. 

PE€H'BLEND, n. [G. pech and blende.] An ore of urani- 
um ; a metallic substance- 

PE€K, n. [Arm. pech.] 1. The fourth part of a bushel ; a 
dry measure of eight quarts. — 2. In loio language, a great 
deal. 

PE€K, V. t. [It. beccare ; Sp. p^car.] I. To strike with the 
beak ; to thrust the beak into. 2. To strike with a point- 
ed instrument, or to delve or dig with any thing pointed, 
as with a pick-axe. 3. To pick up food with the beak. 4. 
To strike with small and repeated blows ; to strike in a 
manner to make small impressions. In this sense, the 
verb is generally intransitive. 

PE€KED, pp. Struck or penetrated with a beak or pointed 
instrument. 

PE€K ER, 71. One that pecks; a bird that pecks holes in 
trees ; a woodpecker. Dry den. 

PEOK'ING, ppr. Striking with the bill ; thrusting the beak 
into ; thrusting into with a pointed instrument ; taking up 
food with the beak. 

t PEO'KLED, for speckled. Walton. 

PE€'TI-NAL, a. [L. pecten, a comb ; pecto, to comb, Gr. 
rr£«:r£w, from jre/cw-] Pertaining to a comb ; resembling a 
comb. 

PE€'TI-NAL, n. A fish whose bones resemble the teeth of 
a comb. Brown. 

PE€'TI-NATE, ) a. [L. pecten.] Having resemblance 

PE€'TI-NA-TED, j to the teeth of a comb. 

PE€-TI-Na'TION, n. 1. The state of being pectinated. 2. 
A combing -, the combing of the head. Cyc. 

PE€'TI-NITE, n. [L. pecten.] A fossil pecten or scallop, or 
scallop petrified. Kirwan. 

PE€'T0-RAL, a. [L. pectoralis.] Pertaining to the breast. 

PEO'TO-RAL, 71. 1. A breastplate. 2. A sacerdotal habit or 
vestment worn by the Jewish high priest, called, in our 
version of the Bible, a breastplate. 3. A medicine adapted 
to cure or relieve complaints of the breast and lungs. 

PEC'U-LATE, ■?;. 7, ['L.peculatus.] 1. To defraud the pub- 
lic of money or goods intrusted to one's care, by appro- 
priating the property to one's own use ; to defraud by em- 
bezzlement. 2. Among civilians, to steal. 

t PE€iU-LATE, 71. Peculation, 

PE€-U-La'TI0N, n. The act of defrauding the public by 
appropriating to one's own use the money or goods in- 
trusted to one's care ; embezzlement of public money or 
goods. 

rE€'U-LA-TOR, n. [L.] One that defrauds the public by 
appropriating to his own use money intrusted to his care. 

*PE-€uL'IAR, (pe-kul'yar) a. [L. peculiaris.] 1. Appro- 
priate ; belonging to a person, and to him only. 2. Singu- 
lar; particular. 3. -Particular ; special. 4. Belonging to 
a natio;i. system or other thing, and not to others. 

* PE-€uL'IAR, (pe-kul'yar) 7i. 1. Exclusive property ; 
that which belongs to a person in exclusion of others. — 2. 
In the canon law, a particular parish or church which has 
the probate of wills within itself, exempt frpm the juris- 
diction of the ordinary or bishop's court. 

PE-€uL-lAR'I-TY, (pe-kul-yar'e-te) n. Something pecul- 
iar to a person or thing ; that which belongs to or is found 
in one person or thing and i-n no other. 

* PE-€uL'IAR-lZE, V. t. To appropriate ; to make pe- 
culiar. 

* PE-€UL'IAR-LY, adv. 1. Particularly ; singly. Wood- 
ward. 2. In a manner not common to others. Drayton. 
PE-€uL'IAR-NESS, n. The state of being peculiar ; ap- 
propriation. [Little used.] Mede. 

* PE-€uN'IA-RY, (pe-kiin'ya-ry) a. [Fr. pecxtniairc ; L. 
pecuniarius.] 1. Relating to money. 2. Consisting of 
money. 



t PE-€U'NI-0US, a. Full of money. Sherwood. 

PED, 71. [for pad.] 1. A smaU pack-saddle. Tusscr. 2 A 
basket ; a hamper. Spenser. 

PED-A-GOG'I€, I a. Suiting or belonging to a teacher 

PED-A-GOG'I-eAL, ) of children or to a pedagogue. 

PED'A-GO-GISM, 71. The business, character or manners 
of a pedagogue. 

PED'A-GOGUE, (ped'a-gog) n. [Gr. Trat^aywyoj.] l. A 
teacher of children ; one whose occupation is to instruct 
young children ; a schoolmaster. 2. A pedant. 

PED'A-GOGUE, v. t. To teach with the air of a peda- 
gogue ; to instruct superciliously. Prior. 

PED'A-GO-GY, n. Instruction in the first rudiments , pre- 
paratory discipline. Soiith. 

Pe'DAL, a. [L.pedalis.] Pertaining to a foot. 

*PED'AL, 71. 1. One of the large pipes of an organ, so called 
because played and stopped with the foot. 2. A fixed or 
stationary base. 

PED'AL-NOTE, n. In music, a holding-note. B^lsby. 

PE-Da'NE-OUS, a. [L.pedaneus.] Going on foot ; walking. 

PED'ANT, 71. [Fr. pedant.] 1. A schoolmaster. 2. A 
person who makes a vain display of his learning. 

PE-DANT'l€, I a. Ostentatious of learning ; vainly 

PE-DANT'I-€AL, ] displaymg or making a show ot 
knowledge. 

PE-DANT'1-€AL-LY, ) adv. With a vain or boastful dis- 

PE-DANT'ie-LY, \ play of learning. 

PED'ANT-iZE, V. i. To play the pedant ; to domineer 
over lads ; to use pedantic expressions. Cotgrave. 

PED'ANT-RY, n. [Fr. pedanterie.] Vain ostentation of 
learning; a boastful display of knowledge. 

PE-Da'R1-AN, n. A Roman senator, who gave his vote by 
the feet, that is, by walking over to the side he espoused 

PED'ATE, a. [L. pedatus.] In botany, divided like the 
toes. 

PED'A-TI-FID, a. [L. pes axiAjindn.] A pedatifid leaf, in 
botany, is one whose parts are not entirely separate, but 
connected like the toes of a water-fowl. 

PED'DLE, V. i. 1. To be busy about trifles. 2. To travel 
about the country and retail goods. 

PED'DLE, V. t. To sell or retail, usually by traveling about 
the country. 

PED'DLING, ppr. 1. Traveling about and selling small 
wares. 2. a. Trifling; unimportant. 

PED'E-RAST, n. [Gr. naiSepaaTtis-] A sodomite. 

PED-E-RAST'I€, a. Pertaining to pederasty. 

PED'E-RAST-Y, n. Sodomy ; the crime against nature. 

PED-E-Re'RO, 7j. [Sp. pedrero.] A swivel gun; some- 
times written patercro. 

PED'ES-TAL, 7t. [Sp. pedestal.] In architecture, the lowest 
part of a column or pillar. Addison. 

PE-DES'TRI-AL, a. [L. pedestris.] Pertaining to the foot. 

PE-DES'TRI-AN, a. [L. ptdestris.] Going on foot ; walk- 
ing ; made on foot. 

PE-DES'TRI-AN, n. 1. One that walks or journeys on 
foot. 2. One that walks for a wager ; a remarkable 
walker. 

PE-DES'TRI-OUS, a. Going on foot ; not winged. Brown. 

PED'I-CEL, ) 7t. [L. pedic7f/7fo".] In botany, the ultimate 

PEC'I-€LE, \ division of a common peduncle. 

PED'I-CEL-LATE, a. Having a pedicle, or supported by a 
pedicle. 

PE-DI€'U-LAR, ) a. [L. pedicularis.] Lousy ; having the 

PE-DI€'U-LOUS, \ lousy distemper. 

PED'I-GREE, 71. [probably from L. pes, pedis.] 1. Line- 
age ; line of ancestors from which a person "or tribe de- 
scends ; genealogy. 2. An account or register of a line 
of ancestors. 

PED'I-LU-VY, n. [L. pes and lavo.] The bathing of the 
feet ; a bath for the feet. 

PED'I-MENT, n. [from L. pes.] In architecture, an orna- 
ment that crowns the ordonances, finishes the fronts of 
buildings, and serves as a decoration over gates, windows 
and niches. 

PED'LER, n. [from peddle.] A traveling foot-trader; one 
that carries about small commodities on his back or in a 
cart or wagon, and sells them. Swift. 

PED'LER-ESS, n. A female pedler. Overbury. 

PED'LER-Y, n. Small wares sold or carried about for sal3 
by pedlers. 

t PED'LER-Y, a. Sold by pedlers. Bale. 

*PE-DO-BAP'TISM, n. [Gr. naig, or TzaiSos, and jSaTrrto-jua.] 
The baptism of infants or of children. 

*PE-DO-BAP'TIST, 71. One that holds to infant baptism, 
one that practices the baptism of children. 

PE-DOM'E-TER, n. [L. pes, and Gr. perpov.] An instru- 
ment by which paces are numbered as a person walks, 
and the distance from place to place ascertained. 

PED-0-MET'RI-eAL, a. Pertaining to a pedometer. 

PE-DUN'€LE, 71. [L. pes.] In botany, the stem or stalk 
that supports the fructification of a plant. 

PE-DUN'€U-LAR, a. Pertaining to a peduncle. Martyn. 



• See Synojjsis. MOVE BQQK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K j 6 as J j S as Z j CH as SH j TH as in this, f Obsolete 



PEL 



598 



PEN 



PE-D[JN'€U-LATE, a. Growing on a peduncle. 

f PEE, V. i. To loak with one eye. Ray. 

\ PEED, a. Blind of one eye. Ray. 

PEEK, in our popular dialect, is the same as peep, to look 

through a crevice. 
PEEL, V. t. [Fr. pelgr, piller ; Sp. pelar, pillar.] 1. To 
strip off skin, bark or rind without a cutting instrument ; 
to strip by drawing or tearing off the skin ; to bark ; to 
flay 3 to decorticate. — 2. In a general sense, to remove the 
skin, bark or rind, even with an irnstrument. 3. To 
strip ; to plunder ; to pillage. 
PEEL, n. [L. pellis ; Fr. peau.] The skin or rind. 
PEEL, 71. [Fr. pelle.] A kind of wooden shovel used by 
bakers, with a broad palm and long handle ; hence, in 
popular use in Ainerica, any large fire-shovel. 
PEELED, 2>p, Stripped of skin, bark or rind; plundered; 

pillaged. 
PEEL'ER, n. 1. One that peels, strips or flays. 2. A plun- 
derer ; a pillager. 
PEELING, ppr. Stripping off skin or bark ; plundering. 
PEEP, v.i. [Jr. piobarn; D. picpen.] 1. To begin to ap- 
pear ; to make the first appearance ; to issue or come 
forth from concealment. 2. To look through a crevice ; 
to look narrowly, closely or slily. 3. To cry, as chick- 
ens ; to utter a fine shrill sound, as through a crevice. 
PEEP, 71. 1. First appearance. 2. A sly look, or a look 

through a crevice. 3. The cry of a chicken. 
PEEP'ER, n. ]. A chicken just breaking the shell. Bram- 

ston. — 2. In familiar language, the eye. 
PEEP'-HOLE, ; n. A hole or crevice through which 

PEEP'ING-HOLE, \ one may peep. 
PEER, n. [Fr. pair; L. par.] 1. An equal; one of the 
same rank. 2. An equal in excellence or endowments. 
3. A companion ; a fellow ; an associate. 4. A noble- 
man. 
PEER, ?j. i. [L.pareo.] 1. To come just in sight; to ap- 
pear ; a poetic word. Shak. 2. To look narrowly ; to 
peep, 
t PEER, V. t. To make equal ; to make of the same rank. 
PEER AGE, n. 1. The rank or dignity of a peer or noble- 
man. Blackstone. 2. The body of peers. Dryden. 
t PEER'DOM, 71. Peerage. 

PEER'ESS, 71. The consort of a peer ; a noL.}e lady. 
PEER'LESS, a. Unequaled ; having no peer or equal. 
PEER'LESS-LY, adv. Without an equal. 
PEER'LESS-NESS, n. The state of having no equal. 
PEEVISH, a. [Scot, pew, to complain.] 1. Fretful; petu- 
lant ; apt to mutter and complain ; easily vexed or fret- 
ted ; querulous ; hard to please. 2. Expressing discoUvOnt 
and fretfulness. 3. Silly ; childish. 
PEEV'ISH-LY, adv. Fretfully ; petulantly ; with discon- 
tent and murmuring. Hayioard. 
PEEV'ISH-NESS, n. Fretfulness ; petulance ; disposition 

to murmur ; sourness of temper. Swift. 
PEFF, V. i. To cough siiort and faintiy, as sheep. Grose. 
PEG, 71. [L.pango,pactus.'] 1. A small pointed piece of 
wood used in fastening boards or other work of wood. 2. 
The pins of an instrument on which the strings are 
strained. 3. A nickname for Margaret. — To take a peg 
lower, to depress ; to lower. Hudibras. 
PEG, V. t. To fasten with pegs. Evelyn. 
PEG'GER, n. One that fastens with pegs. Sherwood. 
PEGM, (pem) n. [Gr. -mryna.] A sort of moving machine in 

the eld pageants. B. jonson. 
PEG'MA-TITE, n. Primitive granitic rock. 
PEl-RAS'TI€, a. [Gr. TTEipaariKos.] 1. Attempting ; mak- 
ing trial. 2. Treating of or representing trials or at- 
tempts. 
PEISE. See Poise. 

PEK'AN, 71. A species of weasel. Pennant. 
PEL'AGE, n. [Fr.] The vesture or covering of wild beasts, 

consisting of hair, fur or wool. 
PE-La'GI-AN, ) a. [L. pelagus.] Pertaining to the sea. 
PEL'A-GI€, \ Journ. of Science. 
PE-La'GI-AN, 71. [from PeZa^ms.] A follower of Pelagius. 

Bp. Hall. 
PE-La'GI-AN, a. Pertaining to Pelagius and his doctrines. 
PE-La'GI-AN-ISM, 71. The doctrines of Pelagius. South. 
PELF, 71. [probably allied to ;>ii;/er.] Money ; riches. 
■•PEL'FRY, or PEL'FRAY, formerly used for pelf. 
PEL'I-€AN, 71. [Low L. pelicar.us .] I. A fowl of the ge- 
nus pelicanus. 2. A chemical glass vessel or alembic 
with a tubulated capital. 
Pe'LI-OM. 7!. , [Gr. TTtAiu/ia.] A mineral. 
PE-LiSSE', (pe-lees') 77. [Fr.] OnVinaZZ?/, a furred robe or 
coat. But the name is now given to a silk coat or habit 
worn by ladies. 
PELL, 71. [L. pellis ; It. pelle.] A skin or hide.— Clerk of 
the pells, in England, an officer of the exchequer, who en- 
ters every teller's bill on the parchment rolls, the roll of 
receipts and the roll of disbursements. 
PEL'LET, 71. [Fr. pelute.] 1. A little ball. Bacon. 2. A 
bullet ; a ball for fire-arms ; [obs.] Bacon. 



t PEL'LET, V. t. To form into little balls. Shak. 

PEL'LET-ED, a. Consisting of bullets. Shak. 

PEL'LI-€LE, n. [L. pellicula.] 1. A thin skin or film. 2 
Among chemists, a thin, saline crust formed on the sur 
face of a solution of salt evaporated to a certain degree. 

PEL'LI-TO-RY, n. [Sp. pelitre.] The name of severa. 
plants of different genera. 

PELL'-MELLjflrfT;. With confused violence. Shak. 

PELLS, 77. [L. pellis.] Pells, or clerk of the pells, an officer 
belonging to the exchequer, who enters every teller's bill 
into a parchment roll called pellis acceptorum, the roll of re- 
ceipts ; and also makes another roll caMed pellis ezituum, a 
roll of disbursements. 

PEL-Lu'CID, a. [Ij. pcllucidus.] Perfectly clear; transpa- 
rent ; not opake. Woodward. 

PEL-LU-CID'I-TY, ; n. Perfect clearness ; transparency 

PEL-LU'CID-NESS, \ Locke. 

PELT, 71. [G. pell ; L. pellis.] 1. The skin of a beast with 
the hair on it ; a raw hide. 2. The quarry of a hawk all 
torn. 3. A blow or stroke from something thHJwn. 

PELT, t;. f. [Fr. peloier, from pelote.] 1. Properly, to strike 
with something thrown, driven or falling. 2. To drive 
by throwing something. JltterbiLry. 

PELT'ATE, ) a. [Ij. pelta.] In botany, having the shapft 

PELT'A-TED, \ of a target or round shield. 

PELTATE-LY, adv. In the form of a target. Eaton. 

PELT'ED, pp. Struck with something thrown or driven. 

PELT'ER, n. One that pelts ; also, a pinch-penny ; a mean 
sordid person. Huloet. 

PELT'ING, ppr. Striking with something thrown or driven. 

PELT'ING,7t. An assault with any thing thrown. Shak. 

PELT'ING, a. In Shakspeare, mean ; paltry. [Improper.] 

PELT'-M6N-GER, n. A dealer in pelts or raw hides, 

PEL'TRY, n. The skins of animals producing fur ; skins 
with the fur on them ; furs in general. Smollett. 

PEL-VIM'E-TER, 77. {"L. pelvis, and Gr. jutrpov.] An in- 
strument to measure the dimensions of the female pelvis. 

PEL'VIS, 71. [L. pelvis.] The cavity of the body formed 
by the os sacrum, as coccyx, and ossa innominata, forming 
tlie lower part of the abdomen. 

PEN, n. [L. penna ; Sax. pinn ; B. pen.] 1. An instrument 
used for writing, usually made of the quill of some lai-ge 
fowl, but it may be of any other material. 2. A feather ; 
a wing ; [obs.] Spenser. 

PEN, V. t. ; pr^t. and pp. penned. To write ; to compose and 
commit to paper. Addison. 

PEN, 77. [Sax. pinan.] A small inclosure for beasts, as for 
cows or sheep. 

PEN, V. t. ; pret. and pp. penned, or pent. To shut in a pen ; 
to co'ifine in a small mclosure ; to coop ; to confine in a 
jiarrow place. Milton. 

Pe'NAL, a. [Fr., Sp. ; It. penale.] 1. Enacting punish- 
ment ; denouncing the punishment of offenses. 2. In- 
flicting punishment. 3. Incurring punishment ; subject 
to a penalty. 

jPE-NAL'T-TY, 77. Liableness or condemnation to punish- 
ment. Broicn. 

PEN'AL-TY, 77. [It. penalitd.] 1. The suffering in person 
or property which is aimexed by law or judicial decision 
to the commission of a crime, offense or trespass, as a 
punishment. 2. The suffering to which a person subjects 
himself by covenant or agreement, in case of non-fulfill- 
ment of his stipulations ; the forfeiture or sum to be for- 
feited for non-payment, or for non-compliance with an 
agi-eement. 

PEN'ANCE, a. [Sp. penante.] I. The suffering, labor or 
pain to which a person voluntarily subjects himself, or 
which is imposed oii him by authority as a punishment 
for his faults, or as an expression of penitence. 2. Re- 
pentance. 
PENCE, (pens) n. The plural of penny, when used of a 

sum of money or value, 
PEN'CIL, 71. [Fr. pinceau ; Sp. pincel] 1, A small brush 
used L>y painters for laying oh colors. 2, A pen formed 
of carburet of iron or plumbago, black lead or red chalk, 
with a point at one end, used for v/riting and drawing. 
3. Any instrument of writing without ink. 4. An aggre- 
gate or collection of rays of light. 

PEN'CIL, 75. t. To paint or draw ; to write or mark with a 
pencil. Shak. 

PEN'CILED, pp. 1. Painted, drawn or marked with a pen- 
cil. 2. Radiated ; having pencils of rays. 

PEN'CIL-ING, ppr. Painting, drawing or marking with a 

pencil. 
PEN'CIL-SHaPED, a. Having the shape of a pencil. 
PEND'ANT, 71. [Fr. ; Tu. pendeo.] 1. An ornament or jew- 
el hanging at the ear, usually composed of pearl or some 
precious stone. 2. Any thing hanging by way of orna- 
ment. — 3. In heraldry, a part hanging from the label, re- 
sembling the drops in the Doric frieze. 4. A streamer ; a 
small flag, or long, narrow banner, displayed from a ship's 
mast head, usually terminating in two points called the 
swallow'' s tail. 5. A short piece of rope fixed on each 
side under the shrouds, on the heads of the main and fore 



* See S"nopsis. a, E, I, O, t!, I?, long.- FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— HN, MARINE, BiRD ; 



t Obsolete. 



PEN 



599 



PEN 



Miasts, having an iron thimble to receive the hooks of the 
tackle. 6. A pendulum ; [obs.] 
i'END'ENCE, M. [L. pendens.] iSlope ; inclination. 
TEND'EN-CY, n. [L. pendens.] Suspense : the state of 

being undecided. 
I'EiVD'EJMT, a. [h. pendens.] 1. Hanging ; fastened at one 
end, the other being loose. 2. Jutting over ; projecting, 
b. Supported above the ground . 
PEND'IiYG, a. [L. pendeo.] Depending ; remaining unde- 
cided ; not terminated. 
t PEN'DULB, n. A pendulum. Evelyn. 
PEND-U-LOS'I-TY, ) n. The state of hanging : suspen- 
PEND'U-LOUS-NESS, \ sion. 
rEND'U-LOUS, a. [L. pendulus.] Hanging ; sw^inging ; 

fastened at one end, the other being movable. 
PEND'(J-LUM, n. [L. pendulus, pendulum.] A vibrating 

bodv suspended from a fixed point, 
PEN-E-1"RA-BIL'I-TY, n. Susceptibility of being penetrat- 
ed, or of being entered or passed through by another body. 
PEN'E-TllA-BLE, a. [F. ; h. penetrabilis.] 1. That maybe 
penetrated, entered or pierced by another body. 2. Sus- 
ceptible of moral or intellectual impression, 
f- PEiVE-TRAIL, n. [L. penetralia.] Interior parts. 
PEN'E-TRAN-CYj n. [L. penetrans.] Power of entering or 

piercing. Ray. 
PEN'E-TilANT, a. \li, penetrans.] Having the power to 

enter or pierce j sharp ; subtil. Boyle. 
PEN'E-TRATE, v. t. [L. penetro.] 1. To enter or pierce ; 
to make way into another body. 2. To affect the mind ; 
to cause to feel. 3. To reach by the intellect ; to under- 
stand. 4. To enter ; to pass into the interior. 
PEN'E-TRATE, v. i. 1. To pass ; to make way. 2. To 

make way intellectually. 
PEN'E-TRA-TED, pp. Entered j pierced 5 understood 5 

fathomed. 
PEN'E-TRA-TING, ppr. 1. Entering ; piercing ; under- 
standing. 2. a. Having the power of entering or piercing 
another body ; sharp ; subtil. 3. Acute ; discerning ; 
quick to understand. 
PEN-E-TRa'TION, n. 1. The act of entering a body. 2, 
Mental entrance into any thing abstruse. 3. Acuteness ; 
sagacity. 
PEx^'E-TRA-TlVE, tt. 1. Piercing; sharp; subtil. Wotton. 
2. Acute ; sagacious ; discerning. Swift. 3. Having the 
power to affect or impress the mind. Shalt. 
PEN'E-TRA-TlVE-NESS, n. The quality of being pene- 
trative. 
PEN'FISH, n. A kind of eelpout with a smooth skin. 
PENGUIN, n. 1. A genus of fowls. 2. A species of fruit. 

JVmier. 
PEN'I-CIL, n. [L.pemcillus.] 1. Among 2)7t?/sicians, a tent 

or pledget for wounds or ulcers. 2. A species of shell. 
PEN-IN'SU-LA, n. [L. pene and insula ; It. penesolo.] 1. A 
portion of land, connected with a continent by a narrow 
neck or isthmus, but nearly surrounded with water. 2. 
A large extent of country joining the main land by a part 
narrower than the tract itself. 
PEN-IN'SU-LAR, a. In the form or state of a peninsula; 

pertaining to a peninsula. 
PEN-IN'SU-LATE,-?;. t. To encompass almost with water ; 

to form a peninsula. Bentlei/s Hist. Coll. 
PEN-IN'SU-LA-TED, pp. Almost surrbunded with water. 
PEN-IN'SU-LA-TING, ppr. Nearly surrounding with wa- 
ter. 
PEN'I-TENCE, ) n. [Fr. penitence ; L. pmnitentia.] Se- 
PEN'I-TEN-CY, \ pentance ; pain ; sorrow or grief of 

heart for sins or offenses ; contrition. 
PEN'I-TENT, a. [Fr. ; L. pcenitens.] Suffering pain or 
sorrow of heart on account of sins, crimes or offenses ; 
contrite. 
PEN'I-TENT, w. 1. One that repents of sin ; one sorrowful 
on account of his transgressions. 2. One under church 
censure, but admitted to penance. 3. One under the di- 
rection of a confessor. — Penitents is an appellation given 
to certain fraternities in Catholic countries. 
PEN-I-TEN'TIAL, a. [Fr. penitential.] Proceeding from 

or expressing penitence or contrition of heart. 
PEN-I-TEN'TIAL, n. Among the Romanists, a book con- 
taining the rules which relate to penance and the reconcil- 
iation of penitents. 
PEN-I-TEN'TIA-RY, a. Relating to penance, or to the 

rules and measures of penance. Bramliall. 
PEN-I-TEN'TIA-RY, n. 1. One that prescribes the rules 
and measures of penance. 2. A penitent ; one that does 
penance. Hammond. — 3. At the court of Rome, an office 
in which are examined and delivered out the secret bulls, 
graces or dispensations relating to cases of conscience, 
confession, &c. Encyc. 4. An officer in some cathedrals, 
vested with powar from the bishop to absolve in cases re- 
served to him. 5. A house of correction in which offend- 
ers are confined for punishment and reformation, and 
compelled to labor ; a workhouse. 
PExN"'I-TENT-LY, adv. With penitence ; with repentance, 
sorrow or contrition for sin. 



PEN'KNiFE, n. [See Pen and Knife.] A small knife used 
for making and mending pens. 

PEN'MAN, n. ; plu. Penmen. 1. A man that professes or 
teaches the art of writing. 2. One that writes a good 
hand. 3. An author ; a writer. 

PEN'MAN-SHIP, n. 1. The use of the pen in writing ; the 
art of writing. 2. Manner of writing. 

PEN'NACHED, a. [Fr. pennache.] Radiated ; diversified 
with natural stripes of various colors ; as a flower. \L. u.~[ 

PEiV'NANT, or PEN'NON, H. [¥x. fanion, pennon ; \i. p tin- 
none j Sp. pendon.] 1. A small flag ; a banner ; [see Pen- 
dant,] 2. A tack-le for hoisting things on board a ship. 

PEN'NATE, la. [L. pennatus.] 1. Winged.— 2. In bot- 

PEN'NA-TED, ) any, a pennate leaf is a com.pound leaf 
in which a simple petiole has several leaflets attached to 
each side of it. 

PENNED, pi>. Written. 

PENNED, a. Winged ; having plumes. Huloet. 

PEN'NER, n. 1, A writer. 2. A pen-case ; [local.] 

PEN'NI-FORM, a. [h.penna and form.] Having the form 
of a quill or feather. Encyc. 

PEN'NI-LESS, a. Moneyless ; destitute of money ; poor. 

t PEN'NING, n. Written work ; composition. Skak. 

PEN'NING, ppr. Committing to writing, 

PEN''NON. See Pennant. 

PEN'NY, n. ; plu. Pennies, or Pence. Pennies denotes tli 
number of coins ; pence the amount of pennies in value 
[Sax.penig; D., ^w. penning.] 1. An ancient English 
silver coin ; but now an imaginary money of account, 
twelve of which are equal to a shilling.— 2. In ancient 
English statutes, any or all silver money. — 3. Proverbially, 
a small sum. 4. Money in general. 

PEN'NY-PoST, n. One that carries letters from the post 
office and delivers them to the proper persons. 

PEN-NY-ROY'AL, ?i. A plant of the genus mewt/ta. 

PEN'NY- WEIGHT, n. A troy weight containing twenty - 
four grains. 

PEN'NY-WiSE, a. Saving small sums at the hazard of 
larger; niggardly on improper occasions. 

* PEN'N Y-W6RTH, /(. As much as is bought for a penny. 
2. Any purchase ; any thing bought or sold for money ; thai 
which is wortli the money given. 3. A good bargain ; 
something advantageously purchased, or for less than it is 
worth. 4. A small quantity, 

PEN'SlLE, a. [lu. pens His.] 1, Hanging ; suspended. 2 
Supported above the ground. 

PEN'SlLE-NESS, n. The state of hanging. Bacon. 

PEN'S [ON, n. [Fr., ^p. ; It. pensione.] 1. An annual 
allowance of a sum of money to a person by government 
in consideration of past services, 2. An annual payment 
by an individual to an old or disabled servant. — 3. In 
Great Britain, an annual allowance made by goverinnent 
to indigent widows of officers killed or dying iii public ser- 
vice. 4. Payment of money ; rent. 5. A yearly payment 
in the inns of court. Eng. 6, A certain sum of money 
paid to a clergyman in lieu of tithes. Cyc. 7. An allow- 
ance or annual payment, considered in the light of a bribe. 

PEN'SION, V. t. To grant a pension to ; to grant an annual 
allowance from the public treasury to a person for past 
services, or on account of disability incurred in public 
service, or of old age. 

PEN'SION- A-RY, a. 1. Maintained by a pension ; receiving 
a pension. 2. Consisting in a pension. 

PEN'SION-A-RY, n. A person who receives a pension 
from government for past services. 2. The first minister 
of the states of the province of Holland ; also, the first 
minister of the regency of a city in Holland. Encyc. 

PEN'SIONED, pp. Having a pension. 

PEN'SION-ER, n. 1. One to whom an annual sum of money 
is paid by government in consideration of past services. 2. 
One who receives an annual allowance for services. 3. 
A dependent. — 4. In the university of Cambridge, Eng. 
and in that of Dublin, an undergraduate or bachelor of 
arts who lives at his own expense. 5. One of an honor- 
able band of gentlemen who attend on the king of Eng- 
land, and receive a pension or an annual allowance of a 
hundred pounds. 

PEN'SION-ING, ppr. Granting an annual allowance for 
past services. 

PEN'S! VE, a. [It. pensivo ; Fr. pensif.] 1, Literally, 
thoughtful ; employed in serious study or reflection ; but 
it often implies some degree of sorrow, anxiety, depres- 
sion or gloom of mind ; thoughtful and sad, or sorrowful, 
2, Expressing thoughtfulness with sadness, 

PEN'S! VE-LY, arfy. With thoughtfulness; with gloomy 
seriousness or some degree of melancholy, 

PEN'S!VE-NESS, n. Gloomy thoughtfulness ; melancholy 
seriousness from depressed spirits. 

PEN'STOCK, n. [pen and stock.] A narrow or confined 
place formed by a frame of timber planked or boarded, for 
holding or conducting water. 

PENT, pp. of pen. Shut up ; closely confined. 

PEN-TA-€AP'SU-LAR, a. [Gr. ttivti, and capsular.] In 
botany, having five capsules. 



See "Synopsis, MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; 6 as J 3 S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in th-^. iObsoUte. 



PEN 



600 



PER 



PEN'TA-CHORD, n. [Gr. nsvre, and cJwrd.] 1, An instm- 
* ment of music with five strings. 2. An order or system 
of five sounds. 

PEN'TA-eO€-€OUS, a. [Gr. nevre, and L. coccus.] Hav- 
ing or containing five grains or seeds. 

rEN'TA-€OST-ER, n. [Gr.] In ancient Greece, a military 
officer commanding fifty men. Mitford, 

jfEN'TA-€OS-TYS, «. [Gr.] A body of fifty soldiers. 

PEN-TA€'E.I-NITE, n. The fossil remains of a zoophyte. 

PEN-TA-€ROS'TI€, a. [Gr. jtsvte, and acrostic] Contain- 
ing five acrostics of the same name in five divisions of 
each verse. 

PEN-TA-€ROS'TI€, n. A set of verses so disp9sed as to 
have five acrostics of the same name in five divisions of 
each vei^e. 

PEN-TA-DA€'TYL, n. [Gr. nevrs and Suktv'Kos.] 1. In 
botany, a plant called five fingers. Encyc.—2. In ichthyolo- 
gy, the five-fingered fish. 

PEN'TA-GON, n. [Gr. ticvtb and ywvja.] 1. In geometry, ?i 
figure of five sides and five angles.— 2. Inforiification, a 
fort with five bastions. 

PEjV-TAG'O-NAL, I a. Having five corners or angles. 

PEN-TAG'0-NOUS, \ MaHyn. 

PEN'TA-GRAPH, n. [Gr. ttev-e and ypa^w.] An mstru- 
ment for drawing figures in any proportion. 

PEN-TA-GRAPH'I€, ( a. Pertaining to a pentagraph ; 

PEN-TA-GRAPH'I-€AL, \ perfoniied by a pentagraph. 

PEN'TA-GYN, n. [Gr. nevre, and yvvt].] In botany, a plant 
having five pistils. 

PEN-TA-GYN'I-AN, a. Having five pistils. 

?iN:?l:ii'SloUS, i - Having five equal sides. 

PEN-TA-He'DRON, n. [Gr. r.ivrt and th^a.] A figure 
having five equal sides. 

PEN-TA-HEX-A-HE'DRAL,a. [Gr.nsvre, and ^ezaAetZraL] 
In crijstalography, exhibiting five ranges of faces one 
above another, each range containing six faces. 

PEN-TAM'E-TER, n. [Gr. nevTe and /xerpov.] In ancient 
poetrij, a verse of five feet. 

PEN-TAM'E-TER, a. Having five metrical feet. Warton. 

PEN-TAN'DER, n. [Gr. -evrt and avrio.] In botany, a 
plant having five stamens. 

PEN-TAN'DRI-AN, a. Having five stamens. 

PEN-TAN'GU-LAR, a. [Gr. irivTe, and angular.} Having 
five corners or angles. Orew. 

PEN-TA-PET'A-LOUS, a. [Gr. ttcvte and TisraXrv.] Hav- 
ing five petals or fiower-leaves. Encyc. 

PEN-TAPH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. r.evrs and (pvWov.] Hav- 
ing five leaves. 

PEN'TAR-€HY, ?i. [Gr. nevre, and. apxri.]. A government 
in the hands of five persons. Brewer. 

PEN'TA-SPAST, n. [Gr. nevre and o-rraco.] An engftie 
with five pulleys. Diet. 

PEN-TA-SPERM'OUS, a. [Gr. ttevte and o-rrep/^a.] Con- 
taining five seeds. Encyc. 

PEN'TA-STICH, 71. [Gr. 7T£)'T£and(TTt;)^o?.] A composition 
consisting of five verses. Diet. 

PEN'TA-STyLE, n. [Gr. -nevre and cTvXog.'] In architec- 
ture, a work containing five rows or columns. 

PEN TA-TECCH, n. [Gr. r^evre and revxpi.] The first 
five books of the Old Testament. 

PENiTE-CONT-ER, n. A Grecian vessel of fifty oare, 
smaller than a trireme. Mitford. 

*PEN'TE-€OST, n. [Gr. TievTSKoarF..'] 1. A solemn festi- 
val of the Jews, so called because celebrated on the fifti- 
eth day after the sixteenth of Nisan, which was the second 
day of the passover. 2. WTiitsuntide, a solemn feast of 
the church, held in commemoration of the descent of the 
Holy Spirit on the apostles. 

PEN'TE-COS-TAL, a. Pertaining to ^^Tiitsuntide. 

PEN-TE-€OS'TALS, n. Oblations formerly made by par- 
ishioners to the parish priest at the feast of Pentecost. 

PENTHOUSE, n. [Fr. pente, and house.] A shed standing 
aslope from the main wall or building. 

PEN'TlCE, ?!. [It. T^endice.] A slopin g roof. [Little used.] 

PEN'TlLE, n. [Fr. pente, and tile.] A tile for covering the 
sloping part of a roof. Johnson. 

PEN'TRE-MITE, n. A genus of zoophytes. 

PE-NULT', n. [L. penultimus.] The last syllable of a 
word except one. 

PE-NULT'I-MA. The same as penult. 

PE-NULT'I-MATE, a. The last but one j a word used of 
the last syllable of a word except one. It may be some- 
times used as a noiin. 

PE-NUM'BRA, 7K [L. pene and umbra.] In astronomy, a 
partial shade or obscurity on the margin of the perfect 
shade in an eclipse. 

PE-NU'RT-OITS, a. [n. penurioso.] 1, Excessively saving 
or sparing in the use of money j parsimonious to a fault ; 
sordid. 2. Scanty ; affording little. Addison. 



PE-NtJ'Rl-OUS-LY, adv. In a saving or parsimonioug 
manner ; with scanty supplv. 

PE-Nl]'RI-OUS-NESS, n. 1.' Parsunony ; a sordid dispo- 
sition to save money. 2. Scantiness ; not plenty. 

PEN'U-RY, 71. [L. penuria.] Want of property j indigence' 
extreme poverty. Sprat. 

Pe'ON, n. 1. In Hindostan, a foot-soldier.— 2. In France, a 
^ommon man in chess ; usually written and called pawn. 

Pe'O-NY, n. [L. pcBonia.] A plant and flower of the genus 
pcBonia. It is written also piony. 

PeO'PLE, (pe'pl) n. [Fr. peuple ; L. populus ; Sp. pueblo.] 
1. The body of persons who compose a community, town, 
city or nation. 2. The vulgar; the mass of illiterate 
persons. 3. The cunmionalty, as distinct from men of 
rank. 4. Persons of a particular class ; a part of a nation 
or community. 5. Persons in general ; any persons in- 
definitely. 6. A collection or community of animals.— 7. 
When people signifies a separate nation or tribe, it has the 
plural number. — 8. In Scripture, fathers or kindred. 9. 
The Gentiles. 

PeO'PLE, v. t. [Fr. peupler.] To stock with inhabitants. 

PeO'PLED, pp. Stocked or furnished with inhabitants. 

PE0'PLI]\G,;>pr. Stocking with inhabitants. 

PeO'PLISH, a. Vulgar. Chaucer. 

PE-PAS'TI€, 7i. [Gr. r^enaivu).] A medicine that serves to 
help digestion. Coxe. 

PEP'PER, 71. \lu. piper; Sax. peppor ; J), peper.] A plant 
and its seed or grain, of the genus piper. It has a strong 
aromatic smell and a pungent taste. 

PEPPER, V. t. 1. To sprinkle with pepper. 2. To beat ;. 
to pelt with shot ; to mangle with blows. Shak. 

PEP'PER-BOX, 77. A small box with a perforated lid, used 
for sprinkling pulverized pepper on food. 

PEPTER-€aKE, n. A kind of spiced cake or gingerbread. 

PEP'PER-€ORN, 77. 1. The berry or seed of the pepper- 
plant. 2. Something of inconsiderable value. 

PEP'PERED, pp. Sprinkled with pepper ; pelted ; spotted. 

PEP'PER-GIN'GER-BREAD, n. A kind of cake made in 
England. 

PEPPER-GRASS, n. A plant. 

PEP'PER-ING, ;?p-. 1. Sprinkling with pepper ; pelting. 2. 
a. Hot ; pungent ; angrv. Swift. 

PEP'PER-MINT, 77. A plant of the genus mentha. 

PEP'PER-MINT-TREE, 7i. The eucalyptus piperita. 

PEPPER-POT. 71. A plant of the geniis capsicurn. 

PEP'PER-TREE, n. A plant of the genus vitis. 

PEP'PER-WA-TER, n. A liquor prepared from powdered 
black pepper, used in microscopical observations. 

PEP'PER-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus lepidium. 

PEP'TIC, a. [Gr. nsnTiKos.] Promoting digestion ; dietetic. 

PER. A Latin preposition, denoting through, passing, or 
over the whole extent, as in perambulo. Hence it is 
sometimes equivalent to very in English, as in peracutus, 
very sharp. As a prefix, in JEnglish, it retains these signi- 
fications, and in chemistry it is used to denote very or 
fullij, to the utmost extent, as in peroxyd, a substance oxy- 
dated to the utmost degree. — Per is used also for by ; as, 
per bearer, by the bearer. — Per annum. [L.] By the year ; 
in each year successively. — Per se. [L.] By himself 3 by 
itself; by themselves. 

t PER-ACT', V. t. To perform ; to practice. 

PER-A-€uTE', a. [L. peracutus.] Very sharp; very vio- 
lent. [Little used.} 

PER-AD-VENT'URE, adv. [Fi.par aventure.] By chance; 
perhaps ; it may be. Hooker. It has been used, as a noun, 
for doubt or question, but rather improperly. The word 
is obsolescent. 

PER'A-GRATE, c i. [L. peragro.] To travel over or 
through ; to wander; to ramble. [L.u.] 

PER-A-GRa'TION, 71. The act of passing through any 
space. \L. u.} Broicn. 

PER-AM'BU-LATE, v. t. [L. peramhxdo.} To walk through 
or over ; to pass through or over for the purpose of survey- 
ing or examining something ; to visit as overseers. 

PER-AM'BU-LA-TED, pp. Passed over; inspected. 

PER-AIM'BU-LA-TING, ppr. Passing over or through for 
the purpose of inspection. 

PER-AM-BU-La'TION, n. 1. The act of passing or walk- 
ing through or over. 2. A traveling survey or inspection. 
3. A district within which a person has the right of in- 
spection ; jurisdiction. 4. Annual surA^ey of the bounds 
of a parish in Ena-land, or of a township in America. 

PER-AM'BU-LA-fOR, 7?. An instrumont or wheel for 
measuring distances, to be used in surveying or traveling ; 
called also a pedometer. 

PER-BI-SUL'PHATE, 71. A sulphate witj two proportions 
of sulphuric acid, and combined with an oxyd at the max- 
imum of oxydation. 

PER-€AR'BU-RET-ED, a. The percarbureted hydrogen of 
the French diemists is said to be the only definite com- 
pound of these two elements. 

t PER-€aSE', adv. [per and case.] Perhaps ; perchance. 

t PER'CE-ANT, a. [Fr. pergant } Piercing ; penetrating. 



* See Synopsis. 5. E, T, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;~PlN, MARINE , BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



PER 



601 



PER 



PER-CeIVA-BLE, a. 1. Perceptible j that may be per- 
ceived : that may fall under perception or the cognizance 
of the 'senses ; that may be felt, seen, heard, smelled or 
tasted . 2. That may be known, understood or conceived ; 
\l6ss TyrovcTm^ 

PER-CeIV'A-BLY, oaIv. In such a manner as to be per- 
ceived. 

f PER-CeIV'ANCE, n. Power of perceiving. Milton. 

PER-CeIVE', v. t. [L. perdpio.] 1. To have knowledge 
or receive impressions of external objects through the me- 
dium or instrumentality of the senses or bodily organs. 
2. To know ; to understand ; to observe. 3. To be af- 
fected by ; to receive impressions from. 

PER-CeIV'ED, (per-seevd') pp. Known by the senses ; 
felt ; understood ; observed. 

PER-CeIV'ER, 71. One who perceives, feels or observes. 

PER-CEP-TI-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. The state or quality of be- 
ing perceptible. 2. Perception; [less proper.] 

PER-CEFTI-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. That may be perceived 5 
that may impress the bodily organs ; that may come un- 
der the cognizance of the senses, 2. That may be known 
or conceived of. 

PER-CEP'TI-BLY, adv. In a manner to be perceived. 

PER-CEP'TION, n. [L. perceptio.] 1. The act of perceiv- 
ing or of receiving impressions by the senses; or that act 
or process of the mind which makes known an external 
object.— 2. In philosophy, the faculty of perceiving. 3. 
Notion ; idea. 4. The state of being affected or capable 
of being affected by something external. 

PER-CEP'TIVE, a. Having the faculty of perceivmg. 

PER-CEP-TJV'I-TY, n. The power of perception. 

PERCH, n. [FT.perche.] A fish of the genus perca. 

PERCH, n. [Fr. perche ; L. pertica.] 1. A pole ; hence, a 
roost for fowls, which is often a pole ; also, any thing on 
which they light. 2. A measure of length containing 
five yards and a half; a rod. 

PERCH, V. i. 1. To sit o^ roost, as a bird. 2. To light or 
settle on a fixed body. 

PERCH, V. t. To place on a fixed object or perch. 

PER-CHaNCE'j adv. ^pcr and chance.] By chance; per- 
haps. Wotton. 

PERCH'ERS, n. Paris candles anciently used in England ; 
also, a larger sort of wax candles which were usually set 
on the altar. 

PER-€HLo'RATE, n. A compound of perchloric acid with 

PER-CHLo'RIC, a. Perchloric acid is chlorine converted 
into an acid by combining with a maximum of oxygen. 

PER-CIP'I-ENT, a. [L. percipiens.] Perceiving; having 
the faculty of perception. Bentley. 

PER-CIP'I-ENT, 71. One that perceives or has the faculty 
of perception. More. 

jPER-CLoSE', n. Conclusion. Raleigh. 

PER'€0-LATE, v. t. [L. percolo.] To strain thi-ough ; to 
cause to pass through small interstices, as a liquor ; to 
filter. Hale. 

PER'€0-LATE, v. i. To pass through small interstices ; to 
filter, 

PER'€0-LA-TED, pp^ Filtered ; passed through small in- 
tcrsticcs* 

PER'€0-LA-TING, fpr. Filtering. 

PER-CO-La'TION, 71. The act of straining or filtering ; 
filtration ; the act of passing through small interstices, as 
liquor through felt or a porous stone. 

PER-€USS', V. t. [L. vercussus.] To strike. [L. u.] 

PER-CUS'SION, 71. [L. percussio.] 1. The act of striking 
one body against another, with some violence, 2. The 
impression one body makes on another by falling on it or 
striking it. 3. The impression or effect of sound on the 
ear. 

PER-€U'TIENT, n. [L.percutieTis.] That which strikes 
or has power to strike. Bacon. 

PER'DI-FOIL, 71. [L. perdo and foli^im.] A plant that an- 
nually loses or drops its leaves ; opposed to evergreen. 

PER-Dl"TION, 71. [L. perditio.] 1. Entire loss or ruin ; 
utter destruction. 2. The utter loss of the soul or of final 
happiness in a future state ; future misery or eternal 
death. 3. Loss ; [o'bs.] Sluik. 

PER-DtJ', or PER-DuE', o<Z«. [Fi. perdu.] Close; in con- 
cealment. TrumbulVs M^Fingal. 

PER-Du', 71. One that is placed on the watch or in ambush. 

PER-DtJ', a. Abandoned ; employed on desperate purposes ; 
accustomed to desperate enterprises. Beaumont and 
Fletcher. 

fPER'DU-LOUS, a. [¥r. perdu.] Lost ; thrown away. 

* t PER-DtJ'RA-BLE, a. [Fr., from L.. per daro.] Very du- 
rable ; lasting ; continuing long. Shak. 

*tPER-Dt'RA-BLY, adw. Very durably. Shak. 

t PER-DU Ra'TION, n. Long continuance. Ainsworth. 

f PER'DY, adv. [Fr. par Dieu.] Certainly ; verily ; in truth. 

t PER'E-GAL, a. [Fr. per and egal.] Equal. Spenser. 

PER'E-GRI-NATE, v. i. [L. peregrinor.] To travel from 
place to place or from one country to another ; to live in a 
foreign country. 



1'ER-E-GRI-Na'TI0N, 71. A tnveling from one country to 
another ; a wandering ; abode in foreign countries. 

PER-E-GRI-Na'TOR, 71. A traveler into foreign countries. 
Casaubon. 

PER'E-GRlNE, a. \Tu. per egrinus.] Foreign; not native. 
[LitUe used.] 

t PER-E-GRIN'I-TY, n. [Old Ft.pcregrinibe.] Strangeness. 
Cook. 

t PER-EMPT', v. t. [L. peremptus.] In law, to kill ; to crush 
or destroy. Ayliffe. 

t PER-EMP'TION, 71. [L. peremptio.] A killing; a quash- 
ing ; nonsuit. Ayliffe. 

*PER'EMP-TO-RI-LY, a«Z?;. [ixom peremptory.] Absolute- 
ly ; positively ; in a decisive manner ; so as to precluc'e 
further debate. 

* PER'EMP-TO-RI-NESS, n. Positiveness ; absolute de 
cision; dogmatism. Qov. of the Tongue. 

* PER'EMP-TO-RY, a. [Fr. peremptoire ; L. peremptori- 
us.] I. Express ; positive ; absolute ; decisive ; author- 
itative ; in a manner to preclude debate or expostulation 
2. Positive in opinion or judgment. 3. Final ; determi- 
nate. — 4. Peremptory challenge, in law, a challenge or 
right of challenging jurors without showing cause. 

PER-EN'NI-AL, a. [L. perennis.] 1. Lasting or continu- 
ing without cessation through the year. 2. Perpetual ; 
unceasing; never-failing.— 3. In ftotayi?/, continuing more 
than two years. 4. Continuing without intermission, as 
a fever. Coxe. 

PER-EN'NI-AL, n. In botany, a plant which lives or con- 
tinues more than two years, whether it retains its leaves 
or not. 

PER-EN'NI-AL-LY, adv. Continually ; without ceasing. 

PER~EN'NI-TY, n. [L. perennitas.] An enduring or contin- 
uing through the whole year without ceasing. 

PER-ER-Ra'T10N, 71. [L. pererro.] A wandering or ram- 
bling through various places. Howell. 

PER'FECT, a. [L. perfectus.] 1. Finished ; complete ; 
consummate ; not defective ; having all that is requisite 
to its nature and kind. 2. Fully informed ; completely 
skilled. 3. Complete in moral excellencies. 4. Manifest- 
ing perfection. — Perfect tense, in grammar, the preterit 
tense ; a tense which expresses an act completed. 

* PER'FECT, V. t. [L. perfectus.] 1. To finish or complete 
so as to leave nothing wanting ; to give to any thing all 
that is requisite to its nature and kind. 2. To instruct 
fully ; to make fully skillful. 

*PER'FE€T-ED, pp. Finished; completed. 

*PER'rECT-ER,7i. One that makes perfect. Broome. 

PER-FE€-TI-BIL'I-TY, n. The capacity of becoming or 
being ms'le perfect. 

PER-FE€T'I-BLE, a. Capable of becoming or being mado 
perfect, or of arriving at the utmost perfection of the spe 
cies. 

PER'FECT-ING, ppr. Finishing ; completing ; consum- 
mating. 

PER-FE€'TION, 71. [L. perfectio.] 1. The state of being 
perfect or complete, so that nothing requisite is wanting. 
— 2. Physical perfection is when a natural object has all 
its powers, faculties or qualities entire and in full vigor, 
and all its parts in due proportion. — 3. Metaphysical per- 
fection is the possession of all the essential attributes, or 
all the parts necessary to the integrity of a substance. — 4. 
Moral perfection is the complete possession of all moral 
excellence. 5. A quality, endowment or acquirement 
completely excellent, or of great worth. Sidney. 6. An 
inherent or essential attribute of supreme or infinite ex- 
cellence ; or one perfect in its kind. 7. Exactness. 

PER-FE€'TION-AL, a. Made complete. Pearson. 

PER-FE€'TION-ATE, used by Dryden and Tooke in lieu 
of the verb to perfect, is a useless word. 

PER-FEC'TION-IST, n. One pretending to perfection ; an 
enthusiast in religion. South. 

PER-FE€T'IVE, a. Conducing to make perfect. 

PER-FE€T'IVE-LY, adv. In a manner that brings to per- 
fection. Grew. 

PER'FE€T-LY, adv. 1. In the highest degree of excel- 
lence. 2. Totally ; completely. 3. Exactly; accu- 
rately. 

PER'FE€T-NESS, n. 1. Completeness; consummate ex- 
cellence ; perfection. 2. The highest degree of goodness 
or holiness of which man is capable in this life. 3. Ac- 
curate skill. 

PER-Fl"CIENT, n. [L. perficiens.] One who endows a 
charity. 

PER-FID'I-OUS, a. [Ja. perfidus.] 1. Violating good faith 
or vows ; false to trust or confidence reposed ; treacher- 
ous. 2. Proceeding from treachery, or consisting in 
breach of faith. 3. Guilty of violated allegiance. 

PER-FID'I-OUS-LY, adv. Treacherously ; traitorously ; 
by breach of faith or allegiance. Swift. 

PER-FID'I-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being perfidious ; 
treachery ; traitorousness ; breach of faith, of vows or al- 
legiance. 

PER'FI-DY, 71. [L. perfdia.] The act of violating faith, 



* Set Bfnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE j— B1JLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH j TH as in this, f Obsolete 



PER 



602 



PER 



a promise, vow or allegiance ; treachery ; the violation 
of a trust reposed. 
f PER'FLA-BLE, a. [L. perflo.] Having the wind driven 

through. 

I'ER-FLaTE', v. t. rL.perfio.] To blow through. 

PER-FLa'TION, n. The act of blowing througii. 

P£R-Fo'L[-ATE, o. [1.. per and folium.] In botany, a per- 
foliate or perforated leaf is one that has the base entirely- 
surrounding tlie stem transversely. 

PER'FO-RATE, v. t. [L. perforo.} 1. To bore through. 
2. To pierce with a pointed instrument ; to make a hole 
or holes through any thing by boring or driving. 

PER'FO-RA-TED, pp. Bored or pierced through ; pierced. 

PER'PO-RA-TING, ppr. Boring or piercing through ; pier- 
cing. 

PER-FO-Ra'TION, n. The act of boring or piercing 
through. 2. A hole or aperture passing through any 
thing, or into the interior of a substance, whether natural 
or made by an instrament. 

PER'FO-RA-TiVE, a. Having power to pierce. 

PER'FO-RA-TOR, n. An instrument that perforates. 

PER-FoRCE', adv. [per and force.] By force or violence. 

PER-FORM', V. t. [L. per and formo.] 1. To do ; to exe- 
cute ; to accomplish. 2. To execute ; to discharge. 3. 
To fulfill. 

PER-FORM', V. i. To do ; to act a part. 

PER-FORM' A-BLE, a. That may be done, executed or ful- 
filled ; practicable. Brown. 

PER-FORM'ANCE, n. 1. Execution or completion of any 
thing ; a doing. 2. Action ; deed : thing done. 3. The 
acting or exhibition of character on the stage. 4. Compo- 
sition j work written. 5. The acting or exhibition of 
feats. 

PER-FORM'ED, (per-formd') pp. Done; executed; dis- 
charged. 

PER-FORM'ER, n. One that performs any thing, particu- 
larly in an art. 

PER-FORM'ING, ppr. Doing ; executing ; accomplishing. 

PER-FORM'ING, n. Act done; deed ; act of executing. 

t PER'FRI-CATE, v. t. [L. perfrico.] To rub over. Diet. 

PER-FU'MA-TO-RY, a. That perfumes. Leigh. 

* PER-FuAlE', or PER'FUME, n. [Fr. parfum : Sp. per- 
fume.] 1. A substance that emits a scent or odor which 
affects agreeably the organs of smelling, as musk. 2. 
The scent, odor or volatile particles emitted from sweet- 
smellmg substances. 

PER-FuME', v.t. To scent; to fill or impregnate with a 

grateful odor. Pope. 
PER-FuM'ED, (per-f umd') pp. Scented ; impregnated with 

fragrant odors. 
PER-FuM'ER, n. 1. He or t-liat which perfumes. 2. One 

whose trade is to sell perfumes. Bacon. 
PER-FCTM'ER-Y, n. Perfumes in general. 
PER-FuM'ING, ppr. Scenting ; impregnating with sweet 

odors. 

* PER-FUN€'TO-RI-LY, adv. [L. perfunctorie.] Careless- 
ly ; negligently ; in a manner to satisfy external form. 

* PER-FUN€'TO-RI-NESS, n. Negligent performaace; 
carelessness. Whitlock. 

* PER-F QNC'TO-RY, a. 1. Slight; careless; negligent, 
2. Done only for the sake of getting rid of the duty. 

PER-FuSE',w. t. [L. perfusus.] To sprinkle, pour or spread 
over. Harvey. 

PER'GO-LA, n. [It.] A kind of arbor. Flnett. 

PER-HAPS', adv. [per and hap.] By chance ; it may be. 

PER'I-ANTH, n. [Gr. nfpt and avQog.] The calyx of a 
flower when contiguous to the other parts of fructification. 

{• PER'I-APT, n. [Gr. JT£pja:rno.] An amulet ; a charm 
worn to defend against disease or mischief. Sha;k. 

PER-I-AU'GER, ) ^ Pj^oruE 

PER-I-A'GUA. \ '^"^ i^iROGUE. 

PER-I-€aRD'I-UM, n. [Gr. 7t£pt and Kapha.] A membrane 
that incloses the heart. 

PER'I-€ARP, n. [Gr. nepi and /faprros.] The seed-vessel of 
a plant. Martyn. 

PER-r-€ARP'I-UM. The same with pericarp. 

^PE-RI€'LI-TATE, ?;. i. [L.pericZitor.] To hazard. Cock- 
cram. 

, fE-RI€-LI-TA'TION, n. 1. The state of being in danger. 
Cockeram. 2. Trial ; experiment. 

PER-I-€Ra'NI-UM, n. [Gr. jrept and K^avLov.] The perios- 
teum, or membrane that invests the skull. Coxe. 

PE-RIOU-LOUS, a. [Ij. periculosus.] Dangerous ; hazard- 
ous. Brown. 

PER-I-DO-DE-€A-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. nepi, and dodecahe- 
dral.] Designating a crystal whose primitive form is a 
four-sided prism, and in its secondary form is converted 
into a prism of twelve sides. 

1 Ell I-DOT, n. [Fr.] Another name of the chrysolite. 

PER-1-S'CIAN, n. [Gr. nepiotKos.] An inhabitant of the 
opposite side of the globe, in the same parallel of latitude. 

PER-I-ER'6'i', n. [Gr. nepi and epyov.] Needless caution 
in an operation ; unnecessary diligence. 



PER'I-6EE, ; n. [Gr. irept and yrj.] That point in the 

PER-I-6e'UM, J orbit of the sun or moon, in which it is 
at the least distance from the earth ; opposed to apogee. 

PER'I-GORD-STONE, n. An ore of manganese. 

PER'I-GRAPH, n. [Gr. nepi and ypa<pTi.] 1. A careless 
or inaccurate delineation of any thing. 2. The white 
lines or impressions that appear on the musculus rectus of 
the abdomen. 

PE-RIG'Y-NOUS, a. [Gr. nepi and yvvv.] In botany, in- 
serted ajround the pistil, as the corol or stamens. 

PER-I-HeL'ION, ) 71. [Gr. Trept and f/'Xios.] That part of 

PER-I-HeL'I-UM, \ the orbit of a planet or comet, in 
which it is at its least distance from the sun ; opposed to 
aphelion. 

PER-I-HEX-A-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. nspi, and hezahedral.] 
Designating a crystal whose primitive form is a four-sided 
prism, and in the secondary form is converted into a 
prism of six sides. 

PER'IL, n. [Fr. ; It. periglio ; L. periculum.] ] . Danger ; 
risk ; hazard ; jeopardy ; particular exposure of person or 
property to injury, loss or destruction from any cause 
whatever. 2. Danger denounced ; particular exposure. 

t PER'IL, V. i. To be in danger. Milton. 

PER'IL-OUS, a. [Fr. perileux.] 1. Dangerous; hazardous; 
full of risk. 2. Vulgarly used for very, like mighty; 
[obs.] 3. Smart ; witty ; [obs.] 

PER'IL-OUS-LY, adv. Dangerously ; with hazard. 

PER'IL-OUS-NESS, m. Dangerousness ; danger; hazard. 

PE-RIM'E-TER, n. [Gr. TJspi and ixerpov.] In geometry, the 
bounds and limits of a body or figure. 

PER-I-0€-TA-HE'DRAL, a. [Gr. nepi, and octahedral.] 
Designating a crystal whose primitive form is a four-sided 
prism, and in its secondary form is converted into a prism 
of eight sides. 

PE'RI-OD, n. [L. periodus ; Fr. periode.] 1. Properly, a 
circuit ; hence, the time which is taken up by a planet in 
making its revolution round the sun. — 2. In chronology, a 
stated number of years ; a revolution or series of years by 
which time is measured. 3. Any series of years or of 
days in which a revolution is completed, and the same 
course is to be begun. 4. Any specified portion of time, 
designated by years, months, days or hours complete. 5. 
End ; conclusion. 6. An indefinite portion of any con- 
tinued state, existence or series of events. 7. State at 
which any thing terminates ; limit. 8. Length or usual 
length of duration. 9. A complete sentence from one full 
stop to another. 10. The point that marks the end of a 
complete sentence ; a full stop, thus, (.) — 11. In numbers, 
a distinction made by a point or comma after every sixth 
place or figure. — 12. In 7nedicine, the time of intension 
and remission of a disease, or of the paroxysm and remis- 
sion. 

fPE'RI-OD, V. t. To put an end to. Shak 

PE-RI-OD'I€, ) a. [It. periodicn ;Fr. periodique.] 1. Per- 

PE-RI-OD'I-€AL, ) formed in a circuit, or in a regular rev- 
olution in a certain time, or in a series of successive circuits. 
2. Happening by revolution, at a stated time. 3. Hap- 
pening or returning regularly in a certain period of time. 
4. Performing some action at a stated time. 5. Pertain- 
ing to a period ; constituting a complete sentence. 6. 
Pertaining to a revolution or regular circuit. 

PE-RI-OD'I-€AL, n. A periodical publication. 

PE-RI-OD'I-€AL-LY, adv. At stated periods. 

PER-I-OS'TE-UM, n. [Gr. -nepi and ocrreov.] A nervous 
vascular membrane endued with quick sensibility, imme- 
diately investing the bones of animals. 

PER-I-PA-TET'I€, a. [Gr. nepinarrjTiKos.] Pertaining to 
Aristotle's system of philosophy. 

PER-I-PA-TET'ie, 71. 1. A follower of Aristotle, so called 
because the founders of his philosophy taught, or his fol- 
lowers disputed questions, walking in the Lyceum at 
Athens. 2. It is ludicrously applied to one who is obliged 
to walk, or cannot afford to ride. 

PER-I-PA-TET'I-CISM, n. The notions or philosophical 
system of Aristotle and his followers. Barrow. 

PE-RIPH'E-RAL, a. Peripheric. Fleming. 

PER-I-PHER'I€, I a. Pertaining to a periphery ; con- 

PER-I-PHER'I-€AL, \ stituting a periphery. 

PE-RIPH'E-RY, n. [Gr. Tiepi and (pepo).] The circumfer- 
ence of a circle, ellipsis, or other regular curvilinear fig- 
ure. 

PER'I-PHRASE, 71. [Gr. nepicppacng.] Circumlocution ; a 
circuit of words ; the use of more words than ai-e necessa- 
ry to express the idea ; a figure of rhetoric employed to 
avoid a common and trite manner of expression. 

PER'I-PHRASE, V. t. To express by circumlocution. 

PER'I-PHRASE, V. i. To use circumlocution. 

PE-RIPH'RA-SIS. SeePERiPHRASE. 

PER-I-PHRAS'TI€, ) a. Circumlocutory ; expressing 

PER-I-PHRAS'TI-CAL, ) or expressed in more words 
than are necessary ; expressing the sense of one word in 
manj'^. 



See Synopsis il, iS, I, 0, V, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— HN, Mj^RiNE, BIRD ,— t Obsolete 



PER 



603 



PER 



rER-I-PHR.AS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. With circumlocution. 

PEK'J -PLUS, n. [Gr. TttptnAouf.] Circumnavigation ; a 
voyage round a certain sea or sea-coast. Vincent. 

l'£R-IP-NEU-MON'ie, a. Pertaining to peripneumony ; 
consisting in an inflammation of the lungs. 

PER-IP-NEtJ'MO-NY, n. [Gr. ;r£pi and nvevixwv.] An in- 
flammation of the lungs, or of some part of the thorax. 

PER-I-PO-LYG'O-NAL, a. [Gr. nept, and polygon.] In 
crystalography, having a great number of sides. 

PE-RIS'CIAN, ) n. [Gr. T^epicKioi.] An inhabitant of a 

PE-RIS'CI-I, \ frigid zone, or within a polar circle, whose 
shadow moves round, and in the course of the day falls in 
every point of compass. 

PE-RIS'CIAN, a. Having shadows all around. 

PER'ISH, V. i. [Fr. peri,-.] 1. To die ; to lose life in any 
manner. 2. To die; to wither and decay. 3. To waste 
away. 4. To be in a state of decay or passing away. 5. 
To be destroyed ; to come to nothing. 6. To fail entirely, 
or to be extirpated. 2 Kings ix. 7. To be burst or ruined. 
8. To be wasted or rendered useless. Jer. ix. 9. To be 
injured or tormented. 1 Cor. viii. 10. To be lost eternal- 
ly ; to be sentenced to endless misery. 2 Pet. ii. 

PER'ISH, V. t. To destroy. [JVot legitimate.] 

PER'ISH-A-BLE, a. 1. Liable to perish ; subject to decay 
and destruction. 2. Subject to speedy decay. Stat, of 
Conn. 

PER'ISH-A-BLE-NESS, n. Liableness to decay. Locke. 

PER'I-SPERM, n. [Gr. :T£f)t and anepija.] A thick, farina- 
ceous, fleshy, homy or woody part of the seed of plants. 

PER-I-SPHER'I€, a. [Gr. ngpt and <70aipa.] Globular; 
having the form of a ball. Journ. of Science. 

PER-IS-SO-LOG'I-€AL, a. Redundant in words. 

PER-IS-S0L'0-6Y, 71. [Gr. Trspto-o-oAoyta.] Superfluous 
words ; much talk to little purpose. [Little used.] 

PER-I-STAL'TI€, a. [Gr. TieQiaTaXriKog.] Spiral ; vermicu- 
lar or worm-like. The peristaltic motion of the intestines 
is performed by the contraction of the circular and longi- 
tudinal fibres composing their fleshy coats, by which the 
chyle is driven into the orifices of the lacteals, and the ex- 
crements are protruded towards the anus. 

PER-IS-Te'RI-ON, n. [Gr.] The herb vervain. Diet. 

PER'I-STyLE, n. [Gr. T:t^iaTv\ov.] A circular range of 
columns, or a building encompassed with a row of col- 
umns on the outside. 

PER-I-SYS'TO-LE, n. [Gr. nepi and cvuToXri.] The pause 
or interval between the systole or contraction, and the 
diastole or dilatation of the heart. 

PE-RlTE^, a. [L.peritus.] Skillful. [Little used.] 

PER-I-To'NE-AL, a. Pertaining to the peritoneum. 

PER-I-TO-Ne'UM, n. [Gr. nsptroi/aiov.] A thin, smooth, 
lubricous membrane inve?^ng the whole internal surface 
of the abdomen, and, more or less completely, all the vis- 
cera contained in it. 

PER'I-WIG, n. [Ir. pereabhic ; qu. D. paruiJc ; Fr. perruque.] 
A small wig ; a kind of close cap formed by an intertext- 
ure of false hair, worn by men for ornament or to conceal 
baldness. 

PER'I-WIG, V. t. To dress with a periwig or with false 
hair, or with any thing in like form. Swift. 

PER'I-WIN-KLE, K. [Sax. peruiiice ; It. pervinca.] 1. A 
sea snail, or small shell fish. 2. A plant. 

PER'JURE, (per'jur) v. t. [L. perjuro.] Willfully to make 
a false oath when administered by lawful authority or in 
a court of justice ; to forswear. 

t PER'JURE, n. A perjured person. Shak. 

PER'JURED, pp. Guilty of perjury ; having sworn falsely. 

PER'JUR-ER, n. One that willfully takes a false oath law- 
fully administered. 

PER'JUR-ING, ppr. Taking a false oath lawfully adminis- 
tered^ 

PER-Ju'RI-OUS, a. Guilty of perjury ; containing perjury. 

PER'JU-RY, n. [J^. perjurium.] The act or crime of will- 
fully making a false oath, when lawfully administered. 

PERK, a. [W. perc] Properly, erect ; hence, smart ; trim. 

PERK, V. i. [W. percu.] To hold up the head with affected 
smartness. Pope. 

PERK, V. t. To dress ; to make trim or smart ; to prank. 

PERK'IN, n. Ciderkin ; a kind of cider made by steeping 
the murk in water. Encyc. 

PERFLATE ACID. The acidulous phosphate of soda. 

PER'LA-TED ACID, or OU-RET'I€. Biphosphateof soda. 

+ PER'LOUS, for perilous. Spenser. 

PER-LUS-TRa'TION, n. [I^.perlustro.] The act of view- 
ing all over. Howell. 

PER'MA-GY, n. A little Turkish boat. Diet. 

PERMA-NENCE, \n. 1 . Continuance in the same state, 

PER'MA-NEN-CY, \ or without a change that destroys 
the form or nature of a thing ; duration ; fixedness. 2. 
Continuance in the same place or at rest. 

PER'MA-NENT, a. [L. permanens.] Durable ; lasting ; 
continuing in the same state, or without any change that 
destroys the form or natuie of the ihm^.— Permanent is 



equivalent to durable or lasting, but not to undccaying of 
unalterable. 

PER'MA-NEN'I'-LY, adv. With long continuance i dura^ 
bly ; in a fixed state or place. 

t PER-MAN'SION, n [J^. permansio.] Continuance. 

PER-ME-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or state of being per- 
meable. Journ. of Science. 

PER'ME-A-BLE, a. [L. permeo.] That may be passed 
through without rupture or displacement of its parts, as 
solid matter. 

t PER'ME-ANT, a. Passing through. Broion. 

PER'ME-ATE, v. t. [L. permeo.] To pass through the pore»s 
01 interstices of a body ; to penetrate and pass through a 
substance without rupture or displacement of its parts. 

PER'ME-A-TED, pp. Passed through, as by a fluid. 

PER'ME-A-TING, ppr. Passing through the pores or inter- 
stices of a substance. 

PER-ME-A'TION, 71. The act of passing through the pores 
or interstices of a body 

PER-MIS'Cl-BLE, a. [L. permisceo.] That may be mixed. 
[Little v^ed.] 

PER-MIS'SI-BLE, a. That may be penniitea or allowed. 

PER-MIS'SION, 71. [L. permissio.] 1. Tiie act of permitting 
or allowing. 2. Allowance ; license or liberty granted. 

PER-MIS'SIVE, a. 1. Granting liberty ; allowing. Milton. 
2. Granted ; suffered without hinderance. Milton. 

PER-MIS'SIVE-LY, adv. By allowa^j^ce ; withcrut prohibi- 
tion or hinderance. 

PER-MIS'TION, or PER-MIX'TION, n. [L. permistio, 
permixtio.] The act of mixing ; ttie state of being min- 
gled. 

PER-MIT', V. t. [L. permilto.] 1. To allow ; to grant leave 
or liberty to by express consent. 2. To allow by silent 
consent or by not prohibiting ; to suffer without giving 
express authority. 3. To afford ability or means. 4. To 
leave ; to give or resign. 

* PER-MIT', 71. 1. A written license or permission from the 
custom-house officer or other proper authority, to export 
or transport goods, or to land goods or persons. 2. War- 
rant ; leave ; permission. 

PER-MIT'TANCE, n. Allowance ; forbearance of prohibi- 
tion ; permission. Derham. 

PER-MIX'TION. See Permistion. 

PER-MU-Ta'TION, n. [L. psrmutatio.] 1. In commerce, 
exchange of one thing for another ; barter. — 2. In the 
canon law, the exchange of one benefice for another. — 3. 
In algebra, change or different combination of any num- 
ber of quantities. 

t PER-MuTE', v. t. [L. permuto.] To exchange ; to barter 

t PER-MuT'ER, n. One that exchanges. 

PER'NAN-CY, n. [Norm, perner.] A taking or reception, 
as the receiving of rents or tithes In kind. 

PER-Nl"CIOUS, a. [L. perniciosus.] 1. Destructive ; hav 
ing the quality of kiUing, destroying or injuring ; very 
injurious or mischievous. 2. Destructive ; tending to in- 
jure or destroy. 3. [Tu.pernix.] Q,uick ; [obs.] 

PER-Nl"CIOUS-LY, adv. Destructively ; with ruinous 
tendency or effects. Ascham. 

PER-Nl"CIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being very injuri- 
ous, mischievous or destructive. 

PER-NIC'I-TY, n. [L. pernicitas.] Swiftness of motion, 
celerity. [Little used.] Ray. 

PER-NOe-TA'TION, 7i. [L. pemocto.] The act ol paasmg 
the whole night ; a remaining all night. 

PE-RoGUE'. See Pirogue. 

PER-O-Ra'TION, 71. [L. peroratio.] The concluding part 
of an oration, in which the speaker recapitulates the prin- 
cipal points of his discourse. 

PER-OX'YD,77.. [per a.ndi oxyd.] A substance containing an 
unusual quantity of oxvgen. Davy. 

PER-OX'Y-DiZE, V. t. to oxydize to the utmost degree. 

PER-PEND', V. t. [L. perpendo.] To weigh in the mind ; 
to consider attentively. [Little used.] Shak. 

PER-PEND'ER, n. [Fr. parpaing.] A coping stone. 

PER-PEND'I-€LE, 71. [L.perpendiculum.] Something hang- 
ing down in a direct line ; a plumb-line. 

PER-PEN-DI€'U-LAR,a. [l,.perpendicularis.] 1. Hanging 
or extending in a right line from any point towards the 
centre of the earth or of gravity, or at right angles with 
the plane of the horizon. — 2. In geometry, falling directly 
on another line at right angles. 

PER-PEN-DI€'U-LAR, ti. 1. A line falling at right angles 
on the plane of the horizon. — 2. In geometry, a line fall- 
ing at right angles on another line. 

PER-PEN-DIC-U-LAR'I-TY, 71. The state of being perpen 
dicular. Watts. 

PER-PEN-DICU-LAR-LY, adv. 1. In a manner to tall on 
another line at right angles. 2. So as to fall on the plane 
of the horizon at right angles ; in a direction towards the 
centre of the earth or of gravity. 

t PER-PEN'SION, 71. [Ij. perpendo.] Consideration. 

t PER-PES'SION, 71. [L. perpessio.J Suffering ; endurance. 

PER'PE-TRATE, 7J. t. [L. perpetro.] To do; to commit, 



= See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK , D6VE 1— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J • S as Z ; CH as SH } TH as in this, t bsolete 



PER 



604 



PER 



to perform ; in an ill sense, that is, always used to express 

an evil act. 
i'ER'PE-TRA-TED, pp. Done ; committed ; as an evD act. 
/*ER'PE-TE,A-TING,pjj?-. Committing ; as a crime or evil act. 
PER-PE-TKa'TION, 71. 1. The act of committing a crime. 

2. An evil action. K. Charles. 
PER'PE-TRA-TOR, n. One that commits a crime. 
PER-PET'U-AL, a. [Fr. perpetuel ; L. perpetuus.'] 1. 

Never-ceasing ; contmuing forever in future time ; des- 
tined to be eternal. 2. Continuing or continued without 
intermission ; uninterrupted. 3. Permanent ; fixed ; not 
temporary. 4. Everlasting ; endless. 5. During the legal 
dispensation. 

PER-PET'U-AL-LY, adv. Constantly; continually; ap- 
plied to things which proceed without Intermission, or which 
occur frequently or at intervals, without limitation. 

PER-PET'U-ATE, V. t. [1.. perpetuo.] 1. To make perpet- 
ual ; to eternize. 2. To cause to endure or to be continu- 
ed indefinitely ; to preserve firm extinction or oblivion. 

3. To continue by repetition without limitation. 
PER-PET'U-A-TED,p;>. Made perpetual ; continued through 

etemitv, or for an indefinite time. 

PER-PET'U-A-TiXG, ppr. Continuing forever, or indefi- 
nitely. 

PER-PET-U-A'TION, ?i. The act of making perpetual. 

PER-PE-TU'I-TY, n. [L. perpetuitas.] 1. Endless dui-a- 
tion ; continuance to eternity. 2. Continued uninter- 
rupted existence, or duration for an indefinite period of 
time. 3. Something of which there will be no end. 

PER-PKOS'PHATE, n. A phosphate in which the phos- 
phoric acid is combined with an oxyd at the maxunum of 
oxydation. 

PER-PLEX', V. t. [L. perplexus.'] 1. To make intricate ; to 
involve ; to entangle ; to make complicated and difficult 
to be understood or unraveled. 2. To embarrass ; to puz- 
zle ; to distract ; to tease with suspense, anxiety or ambi- 
guity, 3. To plague ; to vex. 

t PER-PLEX', a. Intricate ; difficult. Qlanville. 

PER-PLEX'ED, (per-plexf) pp. Made intricate ; embar- 
rassed ; puzzled. 

PER-PLEX ED-LY, ads. Intricately; with involution. 

PER-PLEX'ED-NESS, n. 1. Intricacy ; difficulty from 
want of order or precision. 2. Embarrassment of mind 
from doubt or uncertainty. 

PER-PLEX'I-TY, 71, 1. Intricacy; entanglem.ent. 2. Em- 
barrassment of mind ; distui-bance from doubt, confusion, 
difficultv or anxiety. 

f PER-PO-Ta'TION, 71. [L. per and poto.] The act of 
drinking largely. 

PER-Q,UAD-R[-SUL'PHATE, n. A sulphate with four pro- 
portions of sulphuric acid combined with a maximum 
oxyd. 

PERaUI-SlTE, n. [L. perquisitus.] A fee or pecuniary al- 
lowance to an officer for services, beyond his ordinary 
salary or settled wages ; or a fee allowed by law to an of- 
ficer for a speciuc service, in lieu of an annual salary. 

fPER'aUI-SIT-ED, a. Supplied with perquisites. Savage. 

PER-aUI-Sl"TION, n. [L. perquisitus.] An accurate in- 
quiry or search. Ainsworth. 

PER-RO-aUET', n. [Fr.] A species of parrot ; also, the 
alca psittacula, an aquatic fowl. 

PERRY, n. [Fr. poire.] The juice of pears, which, being 
clarified by fermentation, is a pleasant drink. 

PER-SCRU-Ta'TIOX, n. [L. perscrutatio.] A searching 
tiioroughly ; minute search or inquiry. 

PER'SE-CUTE, B. t. [Fi.persecuter.] 1. Ina general sense, 
to pursue in a manner to injure, vex or afflict ; to harass 
with unjust punishment ; to inflict pain from hatred or 
malignity. — 2. .Appropriately, to afflict, harass or destroy 
for adherence to a particular creed or system of religious 
principles, or to a mode of worship. 3. To harass with 
solicitations or importunity. 

PER'SE-€U-TED, pp. Harassed by troubles or punishments 
unjustly inflicted, particularly for religious opinions. 

PER'SE-€U-TING, ppr. Pursuing with enmity or ven- 
geance, particularly for adhering to a particular religion. 

PER-SE-€u'TIOX, 71. 1. The actor practice of persecuting. 
2. The state of being persecuted. 

PER'SE-€U-TOR, ??. One that persecutes ; one that pursues 
another unjustly and vexatiously, particularly on account 
of religious principles. 

PER-SE''-VeR'AXCE, 7i. [Fr. ; lu. per sever antia.] 1. Per- 
sistence in anything undertaken; continued pursuit or 
prosecution of "any business or enterprise begun. — 2. In 
theolosy, continuance in a state of grace to a state of glory ; 
sometimes_caned final perseverance. 

■^PER-SE-VeR'ANT, a. Constant in pursuit of an under- 
taking. Ainsworth. 

f PER-SE-VeR'ANT-LY, adv. With constancy. Spiritual 
Conquest. 

PER-SE-VeRE', v. i. [L. persevero.] To persist in any 
ousiness or enterprise undertaken ; to pursue steadhy any 
design or course commenced ; not to give over or abandon 
what is undertaken 



PER-SE-VeR'ING, ppr. 1. Persisting in any business o? 
course begun. 2. a. Constant in the execution of a pur- 
pose or enterprise. 

PER-SE-VeR'ING-LY, adv. With perseverance or con 
tinued pursuit of what is imdertaken. 

PER SI-FLAGE, 74. [Fr.] A jeering; ridicule. H. More. 

PER-SIM'MON, 71. Atree and its fruit. Mease. 

PER-SIST', V. i. [L. persisto.] To continue steadily and 
firmly in the pursuit of any business or coui-se commenced , 
to persevere. [Persist is nearly synonymous with ^er^e- 
vere ; but persist frequently implies more obstinacy than 
, persevere, particularly in that which is evil or injurious to 
others.] 

PER-SIST'ENCE, > ii. 1. The state of persisting ; steady 

PER-SIST'EN-CY, ] pursuit of what is undertaken ; per- 
severance. 2. Obstinacy ; contumacy. Shak. 

PER-SIST'ENT, I a. In botany, continuing without with- 

PER-SIST'ING, j ering ; opposed to marcescent. 

PER-SIST'ING, ppr. Continuing in the prosecution of an 
undertaking ; persevering. 

PER-SIST'IVE, a. Steady in pursuit ; not receding from a 
purpose or undertaking ; persevering. Shak. 

PER'SON, (per'sn) n. [L. persona.] 1. An individual hu- 
man being consisting of body and soul. 2 A man, wom- 
an or child, considered as opposed to things, or distinct 
from them. 3. A human being, considered with respect 
to the living body or corporeal existence only 4. A hu- 
man being, indefinitely ; one ; a man. 5. A human being 
represented in dialogue, fiction, or on the stage ; charac- 
ter. 6. Character of office. — 7. In o-ra?n??mr, the nomina- 
tive to a verb ; the agent that performs, or the patient that 
sufl^ers, any thing affirmed by a verb. — 8. In law, an artifi- 
cial person is a corporation or body politic. — In person, by 
one's self; with bodily presence ; not by representative. 

f PERSON, V. t. To represent as a person ; to make to re- 
semble ; to image. Milton. 

PER'SON-A-BLE, a. 1. Havmg a weU-formed body or 
person ; graceful ; of good appearance.— 2. In law, ena- 
bled to maintain pleas in court. 3. Having capacity to 
take anj' thing granted or given. 

PER'SOX-AGE, 77. [Fr. personnage.] 1. A man or woman 
of distinction . 2. Exterior appearance ; stature ; air. 3. 
Character assumed. 4. Character represented. 

PER'SON-AL, a. [h. personalis.] 3. Belonging to men or 
women, not to things ; not real. 2. Relating to an indi- 
vidual ; afiecting individuals ; peculiar or proper to him 
or her. or to private actions or character. 3. Pertainmg to 
the corporal nature; exterior; corporal. 4. Present in 
person ; not acting by representative. — Personal estate, in 
law, movables ; chattels ; things belonging to the person ; 
as money, jewels, furniture, &c., as distinguished from 
real estate in land and houses. — Personal identity, in 
metaphysics, sameness of being, of which consciousness is 
the evidence. — Personal verb, in grammar, a verb conju- 
gated in the three persons. 

t PER'SON-AL, n. A movable. 

PER-SON-AL'I-TY, n. 1. That which constitutes an mdi- 
vidual a distinct person, or that which constitutes indi- 
viduality. 2. Direct application or applicability to a per- 
son. 

PER SOX'-AL-LY, adv. 1. In person ; by bodily presence ; 
not by representative or substitute. 2. With respect to an 
individual; particularly. 3. Yv'^ith regard to numerical 
existence. 

PER'SOX'^-ATE, V. t. 1. To represent by a fictitious or as- 
sumed character so as to pass for the person represented. 
2. To represent by action or appearance ; to assume the 
character and act the part of another. 3. To pretend 
hypocritically; [l.u.] 4. To counterfeit ; to feign ; as, a 
personated devotion. Hammond. 5. To resemble. Shak. 
6. To make a representation of, as in picture ; [ohs.] 7. 
To describe ; [o&5.] Q. [li.persono.] To celebrate loudly ; 
[obs.] 

t PER'SON- ATE, v. i. To display a fictitious character. 

PER'SON-ATE, a. [L. perso7ia,a mask.] Masked. 

PER-SOX^-A'TION, 71. The counterfeiting of the person and 
character of another. Bacon. 

PER'SON-A-TOR, n. 1. One who assumes the character of 
another. 2. One that acts or performs. B. Jonson. 

PER-SOX-I-FI-€a'TIOX, n. The giving to an inanimate 
being the figure or the sentiments and language of a ra- 
tional being ; prosopopoeia. 

PER-SON'I-FiED, pp. Represented with the attributes of a 
person. 

PER-SON'I-FY, 7). «. [1,. persona and f ado.] To give ani- 
mation to inanimate objects ; to ascribe to an inanimate 
being the sentiments, actions or language of a rational 
being or person. 

PER-SON'I-FY-ING, ppr. Giving to an inanimate being 
the attributes of a person. 

PER'SOX-iZE, 7-. f. To personify. [jXot much used.] 

PER-SPE€'TIVE, a. 1. Pertainmg to the science of optics ; 
optical. 2. Pertaining to the art of pei^pective. 

PER-SPE€'TIVE, 71. [Fr. ; It. perspettiva.] I. A glasa 



wnat 13 unaenaKcu. rrja.-tsriij\:j' ±±v u, n. ljci., it. ^c/o//t(,i,[fu.j x. ^ gi. 

* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tj, ■?, long.— FS.Vi, FALL, WH.^T ;— PREY j— PIN, MAKINE, BIRD j— t Obsolete 



PER 



6()5 



PER 



through which objects are viewed. 9. The art of drawing 

on a plane surface true resemblances or pictures of objects, 
as the objects appear to the eye from any distance and 
situation, real and imaginary. 3. A representation of ob- 
jects in perspective. 4. View ; vista. 5. A kind of 
painting, often seen in gardens and at the end of a gallery, 
designed expressly to deceive the sight by representing the 
continuation of an alley, a building, a landscape or the like. 

PER-SPEe'TIVE-LY, adv. Optically j through a glass; by 
representation. Shak. 

PER'SPI-€A-BLE, a. Discernible. Herbert. 

PER-SPI-€a'CIOUS, a. [L. perspicax.'] 1. Quick-sighted ; 
sharp of siglit. 2. Of acute discernment. 

PER-SPI-Oa'CIOUS-NESS, n. Acuteness of sight. 

PER-5PI-OAOI-TY, n. [1^. perspicacnas.'] 1. Acuteness of 
sight ; quickness of sight. 2. Acuteness of discernment 
or understanding. 

PER'SPI-€A-CY, n. Acuteness of sight or discernment. 

t PER-SPI'CIENCE, 11. [L. perspicietis.l The act of looking 
shai-ply. 

PER'SPI-CIL, n. [L.yerand speculum.l An optic glass. 
[Little u^eJL.I Crashaio. 

PER-SPI-€U'I-TY, n. [Fr. perspicuite ; L. perspicuitas.'] 1. 
Transparency ; clearness ; that quality of a substance 
which renders objects visible tlirough it ; [little u^ed.'] 
2. Clearness to mental vision ; easiness to be understood ; 
freedom from obscurity or ambiguity ; that quality of 
writing or language which readily presents to the mind 
of another the precise ideas of the author. 

PER-SPie'U-OUS, a. [L. perspiciLiLs.} 1. Transparent; 
translucent ; [I. «.] 2. Clear to the understanding ; that 
may be clearly understood ; not obscure or ambiguous. 

PER-SPI€'U-OUS-LY, adv. Clearly; plainly; in a manner 
to be easily understood. Bacon. 

PER-SPI€'U-0US-NES3, n. Clearness to intellectual vision; 
plainness ; freedom from obscurity. 

PER-SPI-RA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being perspirable. 

*PER-SPI'-RA-BLE, a. [ftom l^. per spiro.'] 1. That may be 
perspired ; that may be evacuated through the pores of the 
skin. 2. Emitting perspiration ; [iwt proper.] 

PER-SPI-RA'TION, n. [L. perspiro.] 1. The act of per- 
spiring ; excretion by the cuticular pores ; evacuation of 
the fluids of the body through the pores of the skin. 2. 
Matter pei-spired. 

* PER-SPl'-RA-TIVE, a. Performing the act of perspiration. 

PER.SPr-RA-TO-RY,a. Perspirative. Berkeley. 

PER-SPERE', v.i. [L. j^erand spiro.] 1. To evacuate ihe 
fluids of the body through the pores of the sldn. 2. To be 
evacuated or excreted through the pores of the skin. 

PER-SPiRE', V. t. To emit or evacuate through the pores 
of the skin. Smollett. 

PER-STRINGE',(per-strinj')«.t. [l^.-perstringo.'] To graze; 
to glance on. Burton. 

PER-SUaD A-BLE, a. That may be persuaded. 

PER-SUaD'A-BLY, adv. So as to be persuaded. 

PER-SUaDE', (per-swade') v, t. [L. persuadeo.'\ 1. To in- 
fluence by argument, advice, entreaty or expostulation ; 
to draw or incline the will to a determination by present- 
ing motives to the mind. 2. To convince by argument, or 
by evidence presented in any manner to the mind. 3. To 
inculcate by argument or expostulation ; [I. li.] 4. To 
treat by persuasion ; [ohs.] 

PER-SUAD'ED, pp. Influenced or drawn to an opinion or 
determination by argument, advice or reasons suggested ; 
convinced ; induced. 

PER-SUaD ER, 71. 1. One that persuades or influences an- 
other. Bacon. 2. That which incites. JMilton. 

PER-SUaD'ING, ppr. Influencinc by motives presented. 

PER-SUa-SI-BIL'I-TY, ii. Capability of being persuaded. 

PER-SUa'SI-BLE, a. [L. persitasibilis.] That may be per- 
suaded or influenced by reasons ofiered. 

PER-SUa'SI-BLE-NESS, 71. The quality of being influenced 
by persuasion. 

PER-SUa'SIOX, (per-swa'zhun) n. [Fr. ; 'L.persuasio.'] 1- 
The act of persuading. 2. The state of being persuaded 
or convinced; settled opinion or conviction proceeding from 
rtiguments and reasons ofljsred by others, or suggested by 
one's own reflections. 3. A creed or belief; or a sect 
or a pajty adhering to a creed or system of opinions. 

PER-SUa'SR^E, a. Having the power of persuading ; in- 
fluencing the mind or passions. 

PER-SUa'SIVE-LY, adv. In such a manner as to»persuade 
or convince. Milton. 

PER-SUa'SR^E-NESS, n. The quality of having influence 
on the mind or passions. Taylor. 

PER-SUa SO-RY, a. Having power to persuade. 

PER-SU-L'PHATE, n. A combination of sulphuric acid with 
the peroxyd of iron. Wehster''s Manual. 

PERT, a. [W. pert.'] 1. Lively ; brisk ; smart. 2. For- 
ward ; saucy ; bold ; indecorously free. Jlddison. 

PERT, 71. An assuming, over-forward, or impertinent per- 
son. Goldsmith. 

PERT, V. i. To behave with pertness ; to be saucy. Bp. 
Gaud en. 



PER-TaIN', v. i. [L. pertineo.'] I. To belong ; to be tha 
property, right or duty of. 2. To have relation to. 
Jlcts L 

PER-TER-E-BRa'TION, n. [L. per and terebratio.] The 
act of boring through. Ainsworth. 

PER-TI-Na'CIOUS, a. [L. pertinax.] 1. Holding or adher- 
ing to any opinion, purpose or design with obstinacy ; 
obstinate ; perversely resolute or persistent. 2. Resolute • 
firm ; constant ; steady. 

PER-TI-Na'CIOUS-LY, adv. Obstinately; with firm or 
perverse adherence to opinion or purpose. 

PER-TI-Na'CIOUS-NESS, ) n. [L. pertinacia.] 1. Firm or 

PER-TI-NAC'I-TY, \ unyielding adherence to 

opinion or purpose ; obstinacy. 2. Resolution ; constancy. 

PER'TI-NA-CY, 71. Obstinacy; stubbornness; persistency; 
resolution ; steadiness. [Little used.] Taylor. 

PER TI-NENCE, In. [L. per tin ens.] Justness of relation 

PER'TI-NEN-CY, ] to the subject or matter in hand ; fit- 
ness ; appositeness ; suitableness. 

PER'TI-NENT, a. [L. pertinens.] 1. Related to the subject 
or matter in hand ; just to the purpose ; adapted to the 
end proposed ; apposite ; not foreign to the thing intend- 
ed. 2. Regarding ; concerning ; belonging ; [little iised.] 

PER'TI-NENT-LY, adv. Appositely ; to the purpose. 

PER'TI-NENT-NESS, n. Appositeness. 

PER-TIN GENT, a. [L.pertingens.] Reaching to. 

PERTLY, adv. 1. Briskly ; smartly ; with prompt bold- 
ness. 2. Saucily ; with indecorous confidence or boldness. 

PERTNESS, n. 1. Briskness; smartness. 2. Sauciness ; 
forward promptness or boldness. 3. Petty liveliness ; 
sprightliness without force, dignity or solidity. 

PER-TURB', Iv.t. [h. perturbo.] 1. To disturb ; to 

*PER'TUR-BATE, ^ agitate; to disquiet. 2. To disor- 
der ; to coijfuse. 

PER-TJR-Ba'TION, n. [L. perturbatio.] 1. Disquiet or 
agitation of mind. 2. Restlessness of peissions ; great un- 
easiness. 3. Disturbance • disorder ; commotion in pub- 
lie affaire. 4. Disturbance of passions ; commotion of 
spirit. 5. Cause of disquiet. 

PER-TUR-Ba'TOR, ) n. One that disturbs or raises com- 

PER-TURBER, I motion. [Little used.] 

PER-TURB'ED, (per-turbd') pp. Disturbed ; agitated ; dis 
Quieted- 

PER-TuSE', I a. [L.pertusus.] 1. Punched; pierced with 

PER-TuS'ED, \ holes.— 2. In botany, fifll of hollow dots 
on the surface, as a leaf. 

PER-Tu^SlON, n. [L,. pertiisiis.] 1. The act of punching, 
piercing or thrustmg through with a pointed instrumerit. 
2. A Utile hole made by punching ; a perforation. 

PER'UIvE, n. [Ft. perruque ; It. p err ucc a.] An artificial 
cap of hair ; a periwig. Wiseman. 

PER'UKE, V. t. To dress in adscititious halt 

PER'UKE-Ma-KER, 71. A maker of perukes ; a wig-ma- 

PE-Ru'SAL, 71. 1. The act of reading. 2. Careful view or 
examination ; [timisual.] Tatler. 

PE-RuSE', V. i. 1. To read, or to read with attention. 2 
To obser^'e ; to examine with careful survey ; [obs.] 

PE-RuS'ED, (pe-ruzd') pp. Read ; observed ;" examined. 

PE-Rl"?'ER, n. One that reads or examines. Woodward. 

FB-R\j$'ll^G, ppr. Reading; examinmg. 

PE-RU'VI-AN, a. Pertaining to Peru, in S. America. — P& 
ruvian bark, the bark of the cinchona, a tree of Peru * 
called also Jesuits' bark. 

PER-VaDE', v. t. [L. pervado.] I. To pass through an 
aperture, pore or interstice ; to permeate. 2. To pass or 
spread through the whole extent of a thing and into every 
minute part. 3. We use this verb in a transitive form to 
express a passive or an intransitive signification. 

PER-VaD'ED, pp. Passed through ; permeated ; penetrated 
in every part. 

PER-VaD'ING, ppr. Passing through or extending to every 
part of a thing. 

PER-Va'STON, 7!. The act of pervading or passing tlnough 
the whole extent of a thing. Boyle. 

PER-VERSE', (per-vers') a. [L. perversus.] 1. Literally, 
turned aside ; hence, distorted from the right. 2. Obsti- 
nate in the wrong ; disposed to be contrary ; stubborn ; 
untractable. 3. Cross ; petulant ; peevish ; disposed to 
cross and vex. 

PER-VERSE'LY, (per-versly) adv. With intent to vex ; 
crossly ; peevishly ; obstinately in the wrong. 

PER-VERSE'NESS, 7!. Disposition to cross or vex ; untrac- 
tableness ; crossness of temper. 2. Perversion; [obs.] 

PER-VER'SION, n. [Fr. ; L. perversus.] The act of per- 
verting ; a turning from truth or propriety; a diverting 
from the true intent or object; change to something 
worse. 

PER-VERS'I-TY, ti. Perverseness ; crossness; disposition 
to thwart or cross. J\,''orns. 

PER-VERS'IVE, a. Tending to pervert or c-jrrupt. 

PER-VERT', v.t. [L. perverto.] 1. To ti rn from truth, 
propriety, or from its proper purpose ; to distort from its 
true use or end. 2. To turn from the right ; to corrupt. 



See Stmopds. ^OYB, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, U "^ [TE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S a.s Z ; CH as SH ; 'f H as in t'lis. \ Obsolete 



PET 



606 



PET 



PER-VEET'ED, pp. Turned from right to wrong ; distorted ; 
corrupted ; misinterpreted ; misemployed 

PER-VERT'ER, n. One that perverts or turns from right to 
wrong ; one that distoits, misinterprets or misapplies. 

PER-VERT'I-BLE, a. That may be perverted. Aiusworth. 

PER-VERT'ING, ppr. Turning from right to wrong ; dis- 
torting ; misinterpreting ; misapplying ; corrupting. 

PER-VES'TI-GATE, v. t. [L. pervestigo.1 To find out by 
research. Cocker am. 

PER-VES-TI-Ga'TION, 71. DUigent inquiry j thorough re- 
search. Chillino-worth. 

VER-YI-e A'CIOUS, a. [h.pervwax.] Very obstuiate ; stub- 
bom ; willfully contrary or refractory. Denham. 

FER-VI-CA'CrOUS-LY, adv. With willful obstinacy. 

?^t-:y{-|i'^f U|-^ESS, . „_ stubbornness ; willful ob- 

PER'VI-eA-CY ) ^iinvicy. [Little used.] 

PER'VI-OUS, a. [L. pervius.] 1. Admitting passage ; that 
may be penetrated by another body or substance ; per- 
meable 5 penetrable. 2. That may be penetrated by the 
mental sight. 3. Pervading; permeating; [not proper.] 

PER'VI-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of admitting passage 
or of being penetrated. Boyle. 

PE-SaDE', n. [Fr. passade.] The motion of a horse when 
he raises his fore quarters, keeping his hind feet on the 
jround without advancing. 

Pe'SO, n. A Spanish coin weighing an ounce ; a piaster ; a 
piece of eight. Sp. Diet. 

PES'SA-RY, 71. [Fr. pessaire.] A solid substance composed 
of wool, lint or linen, mixed with powder, oil, wax, &c., 
made round and long like a finger, to be introduced into 
the neck of the matrix for the cure of some disorder. 

PEST, 71. [Fr. peste ; L. pestis.] 1. Plague ; pestilence ; a 
fatal epidemic disease. 2. Any thing very noxious, mis- 
chievous or destructive. 

PEST'ER, V. t. [Fr. pester.] 1. To trouble ; to disturb ; to 
annoy; toharass with little vexations. 2. To encumber. 

PESTERED, pp. Troubled ; disturbed ; annoyed. 

PEST'ER-ER, ?i. One that troubles or harasses with vexation. 

PEST'ER-]NG,pi>r. Troubling; disturbing. 

PEST'ER'OUS, a. Encumbering ; burdensome. [L. u.] 

PEST'HOUSE, n. A house or hospital for persons infected 
with a.T5V contagious and mortal disease. 

t P£S'T1-DU€T, 71. [L. pestis and duco.] That which con- 
veys or brings contagion. Donne. 

PES-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. pestis and fero.] 1. Pestilential ; 
noxious to health ; malignant ; infectious ; contagious. 
2. Noxious to peace, to morals or to society ; mischievous ; 
destructive. 3. Troublesome ; vexatious. SJiak. 

PEST'I-LENCE, n. [L. pestUentia.] 1. Plague, appropri- 
ately so called ; but in a general sense, any contagious or 
infectious disease that is epidemic and mortal. 2. Cbr- 
ruption or moral disease destructive to happiness. 

PEST'I-LENT, a. [L. pestilens.] 1. Producing the plague, 
or other mahgnant, contagious disease ; noxious to health 
and life. 2. Mischievous ; noxious to morals or society ; 
destructive. 3. Troublesome; mischievous; making dis- 
turbance ; corrupt. 

PES-TI-LEN'TIAL, a. 1. Partaking of the nature of the 
plague or other infectious disease. 2. Producing or tend- 
ing to produce infectious disease. 3. Mischievous ; de- 
structive ; pernicious. South. 

PESTiI-LENT-LY, ado. Mischievously ; destructively. 

PES-TIL-La'TION, 71. [1.. pistillum.] The act of pounding 
and bruising in a mortar. [Little used.] Brown. 

PES'TLE, (pes'l) 71. [L. pistillum.] An instrument for 
pounding and breaking substances in a mortar. — Pestle of 
pork, a gammon of bacon. Ainsworth. 

t PES'TLE, V. i. To use a pestle. B. Jonson. 

PET, 71. [contracted from petulant.] A slight fit of peevish- 
ness or fretful discontent. 

PET, n. [f or mQYly peat. Ou. W. pHli.] 1. A cade lamb ; a 
lamb brought up by hand. 2. A fondling ; any little ani- 
mal fondled ;ind indulged. 

PET, V. t. To treat as a pet ; to fondle ; to indulge. 

fPET, V. i. To take offence ; to be in a slight passion. 

* Pk'TAL, or PET'AL, n. [Fr. petale.] In botany, a flower- 
leaf. 

PET'VlOUS {"" Having petals ; as apetaled^ower. 
PET'A-LINe' a. Pertaining to a petal. Barton. 
PET'A-LISM, 71. [Gr. ^STa'Siaixos.] A form of sentence 

among the ancient Syracusans, by v/hich they proscribed 

a citizen. 
PET'AL-ITE, 71. [Gr. TreraXov.] A rare mineral. 
PET'A-LOID, a. [petal, and Gr. eiSog.] Having the form of 

I)etals. Barton. 
PET'AL-SHaPED, a. Having the shape of a petal. 
PE-TaRD', 72. [lt.,&p.petardo ; Fr. petard.] An engine of 

war made of metal, nearly in the shape of a hat, to be 

loaded with powder and fixed on a madrier or plank, and 

used to break gates, barricades, draw-bridges and the like, 

by explosion. 
PE-TXR'. The same as petard 



FE-Tk'€UI-JE, n. [Sp. petequia ; It. petecchia.] Purple 
spots which appear on the skin in malignant fevers. 

PE-Te'€HI-AL, a. [Sp. petequial.] Spotted. A petechial 
fever is a malignant fever accompanied with purple spots 
on the skin. 

PET'E-REL, or PET'REL, 71. An aquatic fowl of the genus 
procellaria. 

Pe'TER-PENCE, 71, A tax or tribute formerly paid by the 
English people to the pope. Hall. 

Pe'TER-WoRT, n. A plant. 

PET'1-O-LAR, I a. 1. Pertaining to a petiole, or proceed- 

PET'I-O-LA-RY, \ ing from it. 2. Formed from a peti- 
ole. 3. Growing on a petiole. 

PET'I-O-LATE, I a. Growing on a petiole : as a petiolate 

PET'I-OLED, \ leaf. Martyn. 

PET'I-OLE, n. [L. petiolus.] In botany, a leaf-stalk ; the 
foot-stalk of a leaf. 

PET'IT, (pet'ty) a. [Fr. See Petty.] Small; little; mean. 
This -worA petit is now generally v/riXXen petty. 

PET'IT-MAI'TRE, (pet'te-miie-tur) n. [Fr.] A spruce fel- 
low that dangles about females ; a fop ; a coxcomb. 

PE-TI"TION, n. [1^. petitio.] 1. In a general sense, a. re- 
quest, supplication or prayer ; but chiefly and appropri- 
ately, a solemn or formal supplication ; a prayer addressed 
by a person to the Supreme Being. 2. A formal request or 
supplication from an inferior to a superior. 3. The paper 
containing a supplication or solicitation. 

PE-Ti"TiON, V. t. To make a request to ; to ask from ; to 
solicit ; particularly, to make supplication to a superior for 
some favor or right. 

PE-Tl"TION-A-RI-LY, adv. By way of begging the question. 

PE-Ti"TION-A-RY, a. 1. Supplicatory; coming with a 
petition. 2. Containing a petition or request. Swift. 

PE-Ti"TION-ER, n. One that presents a petition, either 
verbal or written. 

PE-Ti"TION-[NG, ppr. Asking as a favor, grant, right or 
mercv ; supplicating. 

PE-Tl"TIOJN'-Ii\G, 71. The act of asking or soliciting ; so- 
licitation ; supplication. 

PET'I-TO-RY, a. Petitioning ; soliciting. Brewer. 

PE-TONG', n. The Chinese name of a species of copper of 
a white color. Pinkerton. 

P^'TEr' ( ^^^ Saltpetre. 
PE-TRe'aN, a. [Ij.petra.] Pertaining to rock. 
PE-TRES'CENCE, n. The process of changing into stone. 
PE-TRES'CENT, a. [Gr. ntr^o?.] 1. Converting into stone ; 

changing into stony hardness. Boyle. 
PET-RI-F ACTION, n. 1. The process of changing into 

stone ; the conversion of wood or any animal or vegetable 

substance into stone or a body of stony hardness. 2. That 

which is converted from animal or vegetable substance 

into stone. — 3. In popular usage, a body incrusted with 

stony matter ; an incrustation. 
PET-RI-FA€'TIVE, a. 1. Pertaining to petrifaction. 2 

Having power to convert vegetable or animal substances 

into stone. 
PE-TRIF'I€, a. Having power to convert into stone. 
tPET'RI-FI-€ATE, w. t. To petrify. Hall. 
PET-RI-FI-Ca'TION, 71. 1. The process of petrifying. 2. 

That which is petrified, a petrifaction. 3. Obduracy; 

callousness. 
PETTi.I-FlED, pp. 1. Changed into stone. 2. Fixed in 

amazement. 
PET'RI-FY, V. t. [L. petra and facio.] 1. To convert to 

stone or stony substance ; as an animal or vegetable 

substance. 2. To make callous or obdurate. 3. To fix. 
PET'RI-FY, v. i. To become stone, or of a stony hardness. 
PET'RI-F'S'-ING, ;)pr. Converting into stone. Kirwan. 
PE'TROL, \ n. [Fr. petrole.] Rock oil, a liquid in- 

PE-TRo'LE-UM, \ flammable substance or bitumen exsud- 

ing from the earth and collected on the surface of the water. 
PET'RO-NEL, 71. A horseman's pistol. 
PET'RO-Sl-LEX, 71. [h. petra and silex.] Rock stone; rock 

flint, or compact feldspar. 
PET-RO-SI-Ll"CIOUS, a. Consisting of petrosiiex. 
PE'TROUS, a. [L.. petra.] Like stone ; hard; stony. 
PET'TI-COAT, 71. [Fr. petit.] A garment worn by females, 

and covering the lower limbs. 
PETiTI-FOG, V. i, [Fr. petit and vaguer.] To do small 

business ; as a lawyer. [ Vula-ar.] 
PET'TI-FOG-GER, n. An inferior attorney or lawyer who 

is emploved in small or mean business. 
PET'Tt-FOG-GER-Y, 71. The practice of a pettifogger , 

tricks ; quibbles. Milton. 
PET'TI-NESS, 71. Smallness ; littleness. Shak. 
PET'TISH, a. Fretful ; peevish. Creech. 
PET'TISH-LY, adv. In a pet ; with a freek of ill-temper. 
PET'TISH-NESS, n. Fretfulness ; petulance ; peevishness. 

Collier. 
PET'TI-ToES, 71. The toes or feet of a pig ; sometimes 

used for the human feet in contempt. 
PET'TO, n. [It., from L. pectus.] The breast ; hence, in 

petto, in secrecy : in reserve. Chesterfield. 



* See Synopsis ^, fi, T, O, tj, •?, long.—FkU, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— FIN, MARINE, BtRD ; 



t Obsolete, 



PHA 



607 



PHI 



PET'TY, a. [Fr. petit.] 1. Small ; little ; trifling ; incon- 
siderable, 2. Inferior. 

PET'TY-CHAPS, n. A small bird of the genus motacilla. 

PET'TV-eOY, n An herb. Ainsworth. 

PET'U-LANCE, ) n. [L. petulantia ; Fr. petulance.'] Freak- 

PET'U-LAN-CY, ) ish passion ; peevishness ; pettishness ; 
sauciness. Peevishness is not precisely synonymous with 
petulance ; the former implying more permanence of a 
sour, fretful temper; the latter more temporary or ca- 
pricious irritation. 

PET'U-LANT, a. [L. petulans.] 1. Saucy ; pert or forward 
with fretfulness or sourness of temper. 2. Manifesting 
petulance ; proceeding from pettishness. 3. Wanton ; 
freakish in passion. 

PET'U-LANT-LY, adv. With petulance ; with saucy pert- 

tPE-TUL'€OUS, a. Wanton; frisking. Cane. 

PE-TUNSE, ) (71. Porcelain clay so called, 

PE-TUNTSE', } (pe-tuns') ] used by the Chinese in the 

PE-TUNTZE', ) ( manufacture of porcelain or 

china-ware. 

PEW, 71. [D. puye ; L. podium.] An inclosed seat in a 
church. 

PEW, V. t. To furnish with pews. [Little used.] Ash. 

Pe' WET, 71. 1. An aquatic fowl, the sea-crow or mire-crow. 
2. The lapwing. Ainsworth. 

PEW'-FEL-LoW, n. A companion. Bp. Hall. 

PEW'TER, n. \lt..peltro ; Sp. peltre.] 1. A composition or 
factitious metal, consisting of tin and lead, or tin, lead 
and brass. 2. Vessels or utensils made of pewter; as 
plates, dishes, porringers and the like. 

PEW'TER-ER, n. One whose occupation is to make ves- 
sels and utensils of pewter. Boyle. 

t PEX'I-TY, 71. [L. pecto.] The nap or shag of cloth. 
Coles. 

PHa'E-TON, n. [Gr., from ^aivu).] 1. In mythology, the 
son of Phoebus and Clymene, or of Cephalus and Aurora, 
that is, the son of light or of the sun. 2. An open car- 
riage like a chaise, on four wheels, and drawn by two 
horses.— 3. In ornithology, a genus of fowls, the tropic 
bird. 

PHA-6E-De'NA, 71, [Gr. ^aysSaiva.] An ulcer, where the 
sharpness of the humors eats away tlie flesh. 

PHA-GE-DEN'I€, ) a. [Gr. dayeS^iviKog.] Eating or cor- 

PHA-6E-De'N0US, \ roding flesh, 

PHA-GE-DEN'I€, n. A medicine or application that eats 
away proud or fungous flesh, 

PHA-LAN'GI-OUS, a. [Gr. (paXayyiov.] Pertaining to the 
genus of spiders. Brown. 

PHAL'AN-6ITE, n. [Gr. d,a\ayyiTr]s.] A soldier belong- 
ing to a phalanx. Mitford. 

* PHAL'ANX, or PHa'LANX, n. [L. ; Gr. (pa\ay^.] 1, In 
Grecian antiquity, a square battalion or body of soldiers, 
formed in ranks and files close and deep, 2. Any body 
of troops or men formed in close array, or any combina- 
tion of people distinguished for firmness and solidity of 
union. — 3, In anatomy, the three rows of small bones 
forming the fingers. — 4. In natural history, a term used 
to express the arrangement of the columns of a sort of 
fossil corolloid. 

PHAL'A-ROPE, n. The name of several species of water- 
fowls inhabiting the northern latitudes. 

PHAN'TASM, 71, [Gr. cpavTaaiia.] That which appears to 
the mind ; the image of an external object ; an idea or 
notion ; it usually denotes a vain or airy appearance ; 
something imagined. 

PHAN-TAS'MA. The same as phantasm. 

PHAN-TAS'TI€. See Fantastic. 

PHAN'TA-SY. See Fancy. 

PHAN'TOM, 71, [Fr. fantdme.] 1. Something that appears ; 
an apparition ; a spectre. 2. A fancied vision. 

PHa'RA-ON, 71. The name of a game of chance. 

PHAR-A-ON'I€, a. Pertaining to the Pharaohs or kings of 
Egypt, or to the old Egyptians. Miehuhr. 

PHAR-I-Sa'I€, ) a. Pertaining to the Pharisees ; re- 

PHAR-I-Sa'I-€AL, \ sembling the Pharisees ; making a 
show of religion without tlie spirit of it. 

PHAR-I-Sa'I-CAL-NESS, n. Devotion to external rites 
and ceremonies ; external show of religion without the 
spirit of it. 

PHAR'I-SA-ISBI, 71. 1. The notions, doctrines and conduct 
of the Pharisees, as a sect. 2. Rigid observance of ex- 
ternal forms of religion without genuine piety; hypocrisy 
in religion. 

PHAR-I-Se'AN, a. Following the practice of the Phari- 
sees. Milton. 
PHAR'I-SEE, n. [Heb. ons, to separate.] One of a sect 
among the Jews, whose religion consisted in a strict ob- 
servance of rites and ceremonies and of the traditions of 
the elders, and whose pretended holiness led them to sep- 
arate themselves as a sect, considering themselves as 
more righteous than other Jews. 



*PHAR-MA-CEu'Tie, )a. [Gr. <paofiaKEVTiKog.] Per- 

* PHAR-MA-CEU-TI-€AL, \ taining to the knowledge or 
art of pharmacy, or to the art of preparing medicines. 

* PHAR-MA-CEU'TI-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of 
pharmacy. 

* PHAR-MA-CEU'TI€S, n. The science of preparing and 
exhibiting medicines. Parr. 

PHAR'MA-eO-LITE, n. Arseniate of lime. 

PHAR-MA-€0L'0-6IST, n. [Gr. ^a^fiaKov.] One that 
writes on drugs, or the composition and preparation of 
medicines. Woodward. 

PHAR-MA-€0L'0-6Y, n. 1. The science or knowledge of 
drugs, or the art of preparmg medicines. 2. A treatise on 
the art of preparing medicines. 

PHAR-MA-€0-P^'IA, \ n. [Gr. (papixuKov and nouw.] A 

PHAR'MA-€0-PY, \ dispensatory ; a book or treatise 
describing the preparations of the several kinds of medi- 
cines, with their uses and manner of application. 

PHAR-MA-€0P'0-LIST, n. [Gr. (papfiuKov and /cctfTrco).] 
One that sells medicines ; an apothecary. 

PHAR'MA-CY, 71. [Gr. (papuaKua.] The art or practice of 
preparing, preserving and compounding substances for 
the purposes of medicine ; the occupation of an apothe- 
cary, 

PHa'ROS, 71. [Gr. (papos.] 1. A light-house or tower which 
anciently stood on a small isle of that name, adjoining the 
Egyptian shore, over against Alexandria. 2. Any light- 
house for the direction of seamen ; a watch-tower ; a 
beacon. 

PHAR-YN-GOT'O-MY, n. [Gr. (papvy^ and tcixvu).] The 
operation of making an incision into the pharynx. 

PHa'RYNX, n. The upper part of the gullet, below the 
larynx. 

PHAS'EL, 71. [Gr. (paarj'Xog, or (pacio'Xos.] The French bean, 
or kidney bean. 

PHa'SIS, ) n. ; plu. Phases. [Gr. (pacrig.] 1. In a general 

PHASE, i| sense, an appearance ; that which is exhibited 
to the eye ; appropriately, any appearance or quantity of 
illumination of the moon or other planet. — 2. In mineral- 
ogy, transparent green quartz. 

PHASM, ; 71. [Gr.] Appearance ; fancied apparition ; 

PHAS'MA, \ phantom. [Little used.] 

PHAS'SA-€HATE, n. The lead-colored agate, 

PHEAS'ANT, (fez'ant) n. [Fr, faisan ; L, pkasianus 1 
A fowl of the genus phasianus, of beautiful plumage, and 
its flesh delicate food, 

PHEEK, 71, [Sax, gefera.] A companion. See Peer. 

PHEESE, v.t. To comb. See Fease. 

PHEN'GITE, n. [Gr. (peyyirris-] A beautiful species of 
alabaster. Encyc. 

PHEN'I-€OP-TER, n. [Gr. (poivtKor^Tspos.] A fowl of rhe 
genus phcenicopterus ; the flamingo. 

PHe'NIX, n. [Gr, foivi^ ; L, pha;nix.] 1. The fowl which 
is said to exist single, and to rise again from its own 
ashes. 2. A person of singular distinction. 

PHEN-O-GAM'I-AN, a. [Gr. (paivu) and yafxos.] In botany, 
having the essential organs of fructification visible, 

PHE-NOM-E-NOL'0-6Y, n. [phenomenon, and Gr. loyos-] 
A description or history of phenomena. 

PHE-NOM'E-NON, n.; plu. Phenomena. [Gr, <paivon£vov.'] 
La a general sense, an appearance ; any thing visible ; 
whatever is presented to the eye by observation or experi- 
ment, or whatever is discovered to exist. It sometimes 
denotes a remarkable or unusual appearance. 

PHe'ON, 71. In heraldry, the barbed iron head of a dart. 

PHl'AL, 71. [L. phiala.] 1. A glass vessel or bottle; in 
common usage, a small glass vessel used for holding 
liquors, 2, A large vessel or bottle made of glass ; as the 
Leyden phial. 

PHl'AL, V. t. To put or keep in a phial. Shenstone. 

PHIL-A-DELPH'I-AN, a. [Gr. (pi^os and aSt^og.] Per- 
taining to Philadelphia, or to Ptolemy Philadelphus. 

PHIL-A-DELPH'I-AN, n. One of the family of love, 

PH1L-AN-THR0P'I€, la. 1, Possessing general be- 

PHIL-AN-THROP'I-€AL, ] nevolence ; entertaining good- 
will towards all men; loving mankind, 2, Directed to 
the general good. 

PHI-LAN'THRO-PIST, n. A person of general benevo- 
lence ; one who loves or wishes well to his fellow men, 
and who exerts himself in doing them good. 

PHI-LAN'THRO-PY, n, [Gr. (pi\os and avdpuTiog.] The 
love of mankind ; benevolence towards the whole human 
family ; universal good-will. 

PHI-LIP'PI€, 7*. An oration of Demosthenes, the Grecian 
orator, against Philip, king of Macedon. Hence the word 
is used to denote any discourse or declamation full of ac- 
rimonious invective. 

PHIL'IP-PiZE, V. i. 1. To write or utter invective ; to de- 
claim against ; [ujiusual.] Burke. 2. To side with Philip ; 
to support or advocate Philip. Swift. 

PHIL-LY-Re'A, 71, A genus of plants, mockprivet. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



PHL 



608 



PHR 



PHI-L0I.'0-6ER, or PHI-L0L'0-6IST, 71. One versed in 
tlie history and construction of language 

PinL-0-L06'I€, ; a. Pertaining to philology, or to the 

rHIL-0-LOG'I-€AL, ( study and knowledge of language, 

PHI-L0L'0-6lZE, «. I. To offer criticisms. [L.u.] Evelyn. 

PHI-L0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. (pikoloyia.'] 1. Primarily, a love 
of words. 2. That branch of literature which compre- 
hends a knowledge of the etymology or origin and combi- 
nation of words J grammar, the construction of sentences 
or use of words in language ; criticism. 

PHi'LO-MATH, n. [Gr. (piXofiadris.] A lover of learning. 

PHI-LO-MATH'I€, a. 1. Pertaming to the love of learning. 

2. Having a love of letters. 
PHIL'O-MATH-Y, n. The love of leammg. 

* PIIi'LO-MEL, ) n. [from Philomela, who was changed 

* PHI-LO-Me'LA, \ into a nightingale.] The nightingale. 
PHIL'O-MOT, a. [corrupted from Fr. /ewiiZe jnorie.] Of the 

color of a dead leaf. Addison. 

PIIIL-O-Mu'SI-eAL, a. Loving music. Busiy. 

PHIL-0-PO-LEM'I€, a. [Gr. (piXog and 7To>£/it/cof.] Ruling 
over opposite or contending natures ; an epithet of Mi- 
nerva. 

t PHI-LOS'O-PHATE, v. i. [L.philosophor, pliilosffphatus.] 
To play the philosopher ; to moralize. 

t PHI-LOS-O-PHa'TION, 71. Philosophical discussion. 

k'HI-LOS'O-PHEME, n. [Gr. (pCKoaocprjua.] Principle of 
reasoning ; a theorem. {Little used.] 

PHI-LOS'0-PHER, 71. 1 . A person versed in phDosophy, or 
in the principles of nature and morality j one who devotes 
himself to the study of physics, or of moral or intellectual 
science. — 2. In a general sense, one who is profoundly 
versed in any science. — Philosopher's stone, a stone or 
preparation which the alchimists formerly sought, as the 
instrument of converting the baser metals into pure 
gold. 

PHIL-0-SOPH'I€, I a. 1. Pertaining to philosophy. 

PHIL-0-SOPH'I-€AL, \ 2. Proceeding from philosophy. 

3. Suitable to philosophy ; according to philosophy. 4. 
Skilled in philosophy. 5. Given to philosophy. 6. Reg- 
ulated by philosophy or the rules of reason. 7. Calm ; 
cool ; temperate ; rational ; such as characterizes a phi- 
losopher. 

PHIL-O-SOPH'I-GAL-LY, adv. 1. In a philosophical man- 
ner. 2. Calmly ; wisely ; rationally. 

PHI-LOS'0-PHISM, n. "[Gr. (piXos and ao(pic^ia.] 1. The 
love of fallacious arguments or false reasoning. 2. The 
practice of sophistry. Ch. Obs. 

PHI-LOS'0-PHIST, 71. A lover of sophistry; one who 
practices sophistry. Porteus. 

PlII-LOS-0-PHlS'TI€, \ a. Pertaining to the love or 

PHI-LOS-0-PHIS'TI-€AL, ] practice of sophistry. 

PHI-LOS'0-PHlZE, V. i. To reason like a philosopher ; to 
search into the reason and nature of things ; to investi- 
gate phenomena and assign rational causes for their ex- 
istence. 

PHI-LOS'0-PHlZ-ING, ppr. Searching into the reasons of 
things ; assigning reasons for phenomena. 

PHI-LOS'O-PHY, n. [L. philosophia.] 1. Literally, the love 
of wisdom. But, in modern acceptation, philosophy is a 
general term denoting an explanation of the reasons of 
things ; or an investigation of the causes of all phenomena 
both of mind and of matter. When applied to any par- 
ticular department of knowledge, it denotes the collection 
of general laws or principles under which all the subordi- 
nate phenomena or facts relating to that subject are com- 
prehended. Thus, that branch of philosophy which treats 
of God, &c. is called theology; that which treats of na- 
ture is called physics, or natural philosophy ; that which 
treats of man is called logic and ethics, or moral philos- 
ophy ; that which treats of the mind is called intellectual 
or mental philosophy, or metaphysics. 2. Hypothesis or 
system on which natural effects are explained. 3. Rea- 
soning; argumentation. 4. Course of sciences read in 
the schools. 

PHILTER, 71. [Fr. philtre ; L. philtra.] 1. A potion in- 
tended or adapted to excite love. 2. A charm to excite 
love. 

PIIIL'TER, V. t. L To impregnate with a love potion. 2. 
To charm to love ; to excite to love or animal desire by a 
potion. 

J'HIZ, n. [supposed to be a contraction oi physiognomy. 1 
The face or visage ; in contempt. Stepney. 

I'HLE-BOT'O-MIST, n. One that opens a vein for letting 
blood ; a blood-letter. 

PHLE-BOT'O-MiZE, v. t. To let blood from a vein. 

PIILE-BOT'O-MY, n. [Gr. (plepoTOixia.] The act or prac- 
tice of opening a vein for letting blood. 

PHLEGM, } 71. [Gr. (pXeyixa.] 1. Cold animal fluid; watery 

PHLEM, ] matter ; one of the four humors of which the 
ancients supposed the blood to be composed. — 2. In com- 
mon usage, bronchial mucus; the thick viscid matter 
secreted in the throat. — 3. Among chemists, water, or the 



water of distDlation. 4. Dullrtess; coldness; sluggish 
ness ; indifference. 
fPHLEG'MA-GOGUE, (fleg'ma-gog) 71. [Gr. ^Xeyjua and 
ayw.] A term anciently used to denote a medicine sup- 
posed to possess the property of expelling phlegm. 

* PHLEG-MAT'IC, a. [Gr. (pXcyiiaTiKos.] 1. Abounding 
in phlegm. 2. Generating phlegm. 3. Watery. 4. Cold ; 
dull ; sluggish ; heavy ; not easily excited mto action or 
passion. 

PHLEG-MAT'I-CAL-LY, ) adv. Coldly ; heavily, f^'ar- 

PHLEG-MAT'I€-LY, \ burton. 

PHLEG'MON, n. [Gr. ^XeyixovT].] An external inflamma- 
tion and tumor, attended with burning heat. 

PHLEG'MO-NOUS, a. Having the nature or properties of a 
phlegmon ; inflammatory ; burning. 

PHLEME, 71. [Arm. flemm.] See Fleam. 

PHLO-GIS'TIAN, n. A believer in the existence of phlo- 
giston. 

PHLO-GlS'TI€, a. Partaking of phlogiston ; inflaming 

PHLO-GISTI-CATE, v. t. To combine phlogiston with. 

PHLO-GIS-TI-Ca'TION, 71. The act or process of combi- 
ning with phlogiston. 

* PHLO-GIS'TON, n. [Gr. ^XoyicTos.] The principle of 
inflammabUity ; the matter of fire in composition with 
other bodies. 

PHo'LA-DlTE, 71. A petrified shell of the genus i'AoZas. 

PHON'ieS, n. [Gr. (pwvri.] 1, The doctrine or science of 
sounds ; otherwise called acoustics. 2. The art of com- 
bining musical sounds. 

PHO-NO-CAMP'TIC, a. [Gr. (pwvri and /fajuTrrw.] Having 
the power to inflect sound, or turn it from its direction, 
and thus to alter it. 

PHON'O-LITE, n. [Gr. <po)VT] and XiBos.] Sounding-stone; 
a name proposed as a substitute for klingstein. 

PHON-0-LOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to phonology. 

PHO-NOL'O-GY, 71. [Gr. ^wi^?? and Xoyog.] A treatise on 
sounds, or the science or doctrine of the elementary 
sounds uttered by the human voice in speech. 

PHOS'GENE, a. [Gr. 0wj and ytvvau).'] Generating light. 
Silliman. 

PHOS'PHATE, 71. 1. A salt formed by a combination of 
phosphoric acid with a base of earth, alkali or meal. 2. 
A mineral. 

PHOS'PHITE, 71. A salt formed by a combination of phos- 
phorous acid with a salifiable base. Lavoisier. 

PHOS'PHO-LITE, 71. [phosphor, and Gr. Xidos.] An earth 
united with phosphoric acid. Kirwan. 

PHOS'PHOR, 71. [Gr. (puiacpopos.'] The morning star or 
Lucifer ; Venus, when it precedes the sun and shines in 
the morning. 

PHOS'PHO-RATE, v. t. To combine or impregnate with 
phosphorus. 

PHOS'PHO-RA-TED, pp. Combined or impregnated with 
phosphorus. 

PHOS'PHO-RA-TING, ppr. Combining with phosphorus. 

PHOS-PHO-RESCE', (fos-fo-ress') v. i. To shine, as phos 
phorus, by exhibiting a faint light without sensible heat. 

PHOS-PHO-RES'CENCE, n. A faint light or luminousness 
of a body, unaccompanied with sensible heat. 

PHOS-PHO-RES'CENT, a. Shining with a faint light; 
luminous without sensible heat. 

PHOS-PHO-RES'CING, ppr. Exhibiting light without sen- 
sible heat. Cleaveland. 

PHOS'PHO-RI€, or PHOS-PHOR'I€, a. Pertaining to or 
obtained from phosphorus. 

PHOS'PHO-RITE, 71. A species of calcarious earth. 

PHOS-PHO-RIT'I€, a. Pertaining to phosphorite. 

PHOSTHO-ROUS, a. The phosphorous acid is formed by a 
combination of phosphorus with oxygen. 

PHOS'PHO-RUS, or PHOS'PHOR, 71. [L.] I. The morn- 
ing star. — 2. Phosphorus, in chemistry, a combustible sul>- 
stance, hitherto undecomposed. It is of a yellowish color 
and semi-transparent, resembling fine wax. It burns in 
common air with great rapidity. D. Olmsted. 

PHOSTHU-RET, n. A combination of phosphorus not oxy- 
genated with a base. Hooper. 

PHOS'PHU-RET-ED, a. Combined with a phosphuret. 

PHo'TI-ZITE, n. A mineral, an oxyd of manganese. 

PHO-TO-LOG'I€, ) a. Pertaining to photologv, or the 

PHO-TO-LOG'I-€AL, \ doctrine of light. 

PHO-TOL'O-GY, 71. [Gr. (pwg and Xoyos.] The doctrine or 
science of light, explaining its nature and phenomena. 

PIIO-TOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. (ptog and /itrpov.] An instrument 
for measuring the relative intensities of light. Rumford. 

PHO-TO-MET'RI€, ) a. Pertaining to or made by a 

PHO-TO-MET'RI-€AL, \ photometer. 

PHRASE, 7?. [Gr. (ppaais.] 1. A short sentence or expres- 
sion. 2. A particular mode of speech ; a peculiar sen- 
tence or short idiomatic expression. 3. Style ; expression 
—4. In music, any regular symmetrical course of notes 
which begin and complete the intended expression. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, Zoti^.—FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;~PiN, MARINE, BIRD;— t Obsolete 



PHY 



609 



PIC 



PHRASE, V. t. To call ; to style ; to express in words or in | 
peculiar words. Shak. 

PHRASE, V. i. To employ peculiar expressions. 

PHRASE LESS, a. Not to be expressed or described. 

PHRA-SE-0-LOG'ie, I a. Peculiar in expression ; con- 

PHRA-SE-O-LOG'I-eA^, sisting of a peculiar form of 
woris, 

PHRA-SE-OL'0-GY, n. [Gr. (ppacris and Xeyo).] 1. Manner 
of expression ; peculiar words used in a sentence ; dic- 
tion. 2. A collection of phrases in a language. 

* PHRE-NET'I€, a. [Gr. (ppeveriKos.] Subject to strong or 
violent sallies of imagination or excitement j wild and 
erratic ; partially mad. [It has been sometimes written 
phrentic, but is now generally written, ^-aritic] 

* PHRE-NET'I€, n. A person who is wild and erratic in 
his imagination. Woodward. 

PHREN'ie, a. [from Gr. (ppeves.] Belonging to the dia- 
phragm. 

PHRE-NI'-TIS'n. [Gr. ^pmrij,] 1. In meiicmc, an inflam- 
mation of the brain, or of the meninges of the brain, at- 
tended with acute fever and delirium. 2. Madness, or 
partial madness ; delirium ; phrensy. [It is generally 
written, in EngUsh, phrensy, or frenzy.] 

PHREN-0-L06'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to phrenology. 

PHREN-0-L06'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a phrenological man- 
ner. 

PHRE-N0L'0-6IST, n. One versed in phrenology. 

PHRE-NOL'0-GY, n. [Gr. (ppvv and 'Xoyos.] 1. The science 
of the human mind. Ch. Obs. 2. The science of the 
mind as connected with the supposed organs of thought 
and passion in the brain. 

PHREN'SY, n. Madness ; delirium, or that partial madness 
which manifests itself in wild and erratic sallies of the 
imagination. It is written, also, frenzy. 

PHREN'TI€. The same as phrenetic. 

t PHRON'TIS-TER-Y, n. [Gr. (ppovTiarripiov.] A school or 
seminary of learning. 

PHRY6'I-AN, a. [from Phrygia.] Pertaining to Phrygia ; 
an epithet applied to a sprightly, animating kmd of music. 
— Phrygian stone, a Stone used in dyeing. 

PHTHIS'ie, (tiz'zik) n. A popular name for an habitual or 
occasional dyspnoea, or difficulty of breathing. 

PHTHIS'I-€AL, (tiz'ze-kal) a. [Gr. ^0t<7t>coj.] Wasting 
the flesh. 

PHTHi'SIS, (thi'sis) n. [Gr. ^9ifftf.] A consumption oc- 
casioned by ulcerated lungs. Coxe. 

PHY-LA0TER, or PHY-LAOTER-Y, n. [Gr. (pv^aKrr,- 
piov.] 1. In a general sense, any charm, spell or amulet 
worn as a preservative from danger or disease. — 2. Among 
the Jews, a slip of parchment on which was written some 
text of Scripture, particularly of the decalogue, worn by 
devout persons on the forehead, breast or neck as a mark 
of their religion. — 3. Among the primitive Christians, a 
case in which they inclosed the relics of the dead. 

PHY-LA€'TERED, a. Wearing a phylactery j dressed like 
the Pharisees. Oreen. 

PHY-LA€'TER-I€, ) a. Pertaining to phylacteries. 

PHY-LA€-TER'I-€AL, \ .Addison. 

PHYL'LITE, n. [Gr. (pvWov and 'XiOog.] A petrified leaf, 
or a mineral having tlie figure of a leaf. 

PHYL-LOPH'0-ROUS, a. [Gr. <pvX\ov and (pepw.] Leaf- 
bearing ; producing leaves. 

PHYS'A-LITE, n. [Gr. ipvcaw and hOos.] A mineral of a 
greenish- white color, a subspecies of prismatic topaz ; 
called, also, pyrophysalite. 

PHYS'E-TER. See Cachalot. 

PHYS-I-AN'THRO-PY, n. [Gr. (pvaig and avdpwnos.] The 
philosophy of human life, or the doctrine of the constitu- 
tion and diseases of man, and the remedies. 

PHYS'ie, 71. [Gr. (pv (71 KT}.] 1. The art of healing diseases. 
2. Medicines ; remedies for diseases. — 3. In popular lan- 
guage, a medicine that purges ; a purge ; a cathartic. 

PHYS'ie, V. t. 1. To treat with physic ; to evacuate the 
bowels with a cathartic ; to purge. 2. To cure. 

PHYS'I-€AL a. 1. Pertaining to nature or natural produc- 
tions, or to material things, as opposed to things moral or 
imaginary 2. External; perceptible to the senses. 3. 
Relating to the art of healing. 4. Having the property of 
evacuating the bowels. 5. Medicinal ; promoting the 
cure of diseases. 6. Resembling physic. 

PHYS'I-€AL-LY, adv. I. According to nature ; by natu- 
ral power or the operation of natural laws. 2. According 
to the art or rules of medicine ; [o6s.] 

PHY-SI"C1AN, 71. 1. A person skilled in the art of healing; 
one whose profession is to prescribe remedies for diseases. 
— 2. In a spiritual sense, one that heals moral diseases. 

PHYS'I-€0-L06'I€, n. Logic illustrated by natural phi- 
losophy. 

PHYS'I-€0-LOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to physico-logic. 
[Little used.] 



PHYS'I-€0-THE-0L'0-6Y, n. Theology or divinity illus- 
trated or enforced by physics or natural philosophy. 

FHYS'IGS, 71. 1. In its nwtit extensive sense, the science of 
nature or of natural objects.— 2. In the usual and more 
limited sense, the science of the material system, including 
natural history and philosophy. 

* PHYS-I-OG'MO-MER. See PHysioGNOMisT. 
PHYS-I-OG-NOM'I€, } p , ■ • , . • 
PHYS-I-OG-NOM'I-€AL, \ "• Pertammg to physiognomy. 
PHYS-I-0G-NOM'I€S, n. Among physicians, signs in the 

countenance which indicate the state, temperament or 
constitution of the body and mind. 

* PHYS-I-OG'NO-MIST, n. One that is skilled in physiog- 
nomy. Dryden. 

* PHYS-I-OG'NO-MY, n. [Gr. (pvaioyvw^ovia.] 1. The art 
or science of discerning the character of the mind from 
the features of the face. Lavater. 2. The face or counte- 
nance with respect to the temper of the mind ; particular 
configuration, cast or expression of countenance. 

PHYS-I-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. 0uo-js and ypa(pu).] A de 

scription of nature, or the science of natural objects. 
PHYS-I-0L'0-6ER, n. A physiologist. 

ralltSiSl'SAL, i - P^'-t^^"i"g t« physiology. 

PHYS-I-0-LOG'I-€AL-LY, adv. According to the princi- 
ples of physiology. Lawrence's Led. 

PHYS-I-OL'0-<'ilST, 71. 1. One who is versed in the sci- 
ence of living beings, or in the properties and functions 
of animals and plants. 2. One that treats of physiology. 

PHYS-I-OL'0-6Y, n. [Gr. (pvaioloyia.] 1. The science 
of the properties and functions of animals and plants. 2. 
The science of the mind. Brown. 

t PHYS'NO-MY, 71. The old word for physiognomy. Spen- 

fPHYS'Y, for/Msee. Locke. 

PHY'TON-ESS. See Pythoness. 

PHY-TIV'0-ROUS, a. [Gr. (pvrov, and L. voro.] Feeding 
on plants or herbage. Ray. 

PHY-T0-GRAPH'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to the description 
of plants. 

PHY-TOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. (pvrov and ypa(pn.] A descrip- 
tion of plants. 

PHYT'O-LITE, n. [Gr. <pvrov and \idos.] A plant petri- 
fied, or fossil vegetable. 

PHY-T0L'0-6IST, n. One versed in plants, or skilled in 
phytology ; a botanist. 

PHY-T0L'0-6Y, 71. [Gr. (pvrov and \oyos-] A discourse oi 
treatise of plants, or the doctrine of plants. 

Pi'A Ma'TER. [L.] In anatomy, a thin membrane imme- 
diately investing the brain. Coxe. 

PI-A'BA, n. A small fresh-water fish of Brazil. 

tPl'A-€LE, n. [Ju.piaculum.] An enormous crime. 

PI-A€'U-LAR, ) a. [L. piacularis.] 1. Expiatory ; hav 

PI-A€'U-LOUS, \ ing power to atone. 2. Requiring ex 
piation. 3. Criminal ; atrociously bad. 

Pi'A-NET, n. [L. pica, or picus.] 1. A bird, the lessej 
woodpecker. Bailey. 2. The magpie. 

Pi'A-NIST, 71. A performer on the piano-forte. 

PI-A'NO-FoR'TE, n. [It. piano and forte.] A keyed musi- 
cal instrument of German origin and of the harpsichord 
kind, but smaller ; so called from its softer notes or ex- 
pressions. 

PI-AS'TER, n. [It. piastra.] An Italian coin of about 80 
cents value, or 3s. 7d. sterling. 

fPI-A'TION, 71. [L. piatio.] Expiation ; the act of atoning 
or purging by sacrifice. 

PI-AZ'ZA, 71. [It., for piazza ; Sp. plaza.] A portico or cov- 
ered walk supported by arches or columns. 

PIB'-€ORN, n. [W. pipe-horn.] Among the Welsh, a wind 
instrument or pipe with a horn at each end. 

PI'BROCH, n. [Gael, piohaireachd.] A wild, irregular spe- 
cies of music, peculiar to the Highlands of Scotland. It is 
performed on a bagpipe. 

Pi'CA, n. 1. In ornithology, the pie or magpie. — 2. In med- 
icine, a vitiated appetite. 3. A printing type of a large 
size. — 4. Pica, pye or pie, formerly an ordinary, a table or 
directory for devotional services ; also, an alphabetical 
catalogue of names and things in rolls and records. 

Pi'CA MA-Ri'NA. The sea-pye, ostralegus or oyster- 
catcher ; an aquatic fowl. 

PIC-A-ROON', ??. [Yr.picoreur.] A plunderer ; a pirate. 

PIC'CA-DIL, Pie-CA-DIL'LY, or PICK'AR-DIL, n. A 
high collar or a kind of ruff". Wilson. 

PIC'CA6E, n. [Norm, pecker.] Money paid at fairs for 
breaking ground for booths. 

PICK, V. t. [Sax. pycan; D. pikken ; G. picken ; 'Dar\.pik- 
ker j Sw. picka.] 1. To pull off" or pluck with the fingers 
something that grows or adheres to another thing ; to sep- 
arate by the hand. 2. To pull off" or separate witJi the 
teeth, beak or claws. 3. To clean by the teeth, fingers 
or claws, or by a small instrument, by separating some- 
thing that adheres. 4. To take up ; to cause or seek in- 
dustriously. 5. To separate or pull asunder ; to pull into 



» See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, DOVE j BIJLL, UNITE ^€ as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH j TH as in ais. f Obsolete 



PIC 



610 



PIE 



Biiiall parcels by tlie fingers ; to separate locks for loosen- 
iiig and cleaning. 6. To pierce ; to strike with a pointed 
instrument. 7. To strike witti the bill or beak ; to punc- 
ture. 8. To steal by taking out with the fingers or hands. 
9. To open by a pointed instrument. 10. To select ; to 
cull ; to separate particular things from others.— To pick 
out, to select. — To pick up, to take up ; to gather ; to glean. 
— To pick a hole in one's coat, to find fault. 

PI€K, V. i. 1. To eat slowly or by morsels ; to nibble. 2. 
To do any thing nicely or by attending to small things. 

PI€K, n. [Fr. piq2ie ; D. pik.] 1. A sharp-pointed tool for 
digging or removing in small quantities. 2. Choice ; right 
of "selection. — 3. Among printers, foul matter which col- 
lects on printing types. 

PI€K'A-PA€K, adv. In manner of a pack. [Vulcrar.'] 

PI€K'AXE, n. [pick and axe.} An axe with a sharp point 
at one end and a broad blade at the other. Milton. 

PieK'BA€K, a. On the back. Hudibras. 

PICKED, pp. Plucked oft' by the fingers, teeth or claws ; 
cleaned by picking j opened by an instrument ; selected. 

PI€K'ED, 01 PIK'ED, a. Pointed ; sharp. Mortimer. 

PI€K'ED-NESS, n. 1. State of being pointed at the end 5 
sharpness. 2. Foppery ; spruceness. 

FI€K-EER', V. t. [Fr. picorer.] 1. To pillage ; to pirate. 
2. To skirmish, as soldiers on the outposts of an army, or 
in pillaging parties. 

PI€K'ER, n. 1. One that picks or culls. 2. A pickaxe or 
instrument for picking or separating. Mortimer. 3. One 
that excites a quarrel between himself and another. 

PI€K'ER-EL, n. [fmmpike.l A small pike, a fish. 

PICK'ER-EL-WEED, n. A plant. Walton. 

Pl€K'ET, n. [Fr. piquet.] 1. A stake sharpened or point- 
ed. 2. A narrow board pointed ; used in making fence. 
3 A guard posted in front of an army to give notice of 
the approach of the enemy. Marshall. 4. A game at 
cards ; [see Piquet.] 5. A punishment which consists 
in making the offender stand with one foot on a poijited 

PI€K'ET, V. t. 1. To fortify with pointed stakes. 2. To 
inclose or fence with narrow pointed boards. 3, To fas- 
ten to a picket. Moore. 

PI€K'ET-ED, pp. Fortified or inclosed with pickets. 

PI€K'ET-ING, ppr. Inclosing or fortifying with pickets. 

PieK'ING, ppr. Pulling off with the fingers or teeth ; se- 
lecting. 

PI€K'ING, n. The act of plucking; selection J gathering 5 
gleaning. 

PI€'KLE, n. [D. pekel.] 1. Brine ; a solution of salt and 
water, or simply vinegar, sometimes impregnated with 
spices, in which flesh, fish or other substance is preserv- 
ed. 2. A thing preserved in pickle. 3. A state or condi- 
tion of difiiculty or disorder. 4. A parcel of land inclosed 
with a hedge ; [local.] 

PICKLE, V. t. 1. To preserve in brine or pickle. 2. To 
season in pickle. 3. To imbue highly with any thing bad . 

PI€'KLE-HER'RING, n. A merry-andrew ; a zany; a 
buffoon. Spectator. 

PI€K'LO€K, 71. 1. An instrument for opening locks 
without the key. Arhuthnot. 2. A person who picks locks. 

PieK'NI€K, n. An assembly where each person contrib- 
utes to the entertainment. Todd. 

PI€K'PO€K-ET, 71. One who steals from the pocket of an- 
other Arluthnot. 

P1€K'PURSE, n. One that steals from the purse of another. 
Swift. 

PI€K'THANK, n. An officious fellow, who does what he is 
not desired to do, for the sake of gaining favor ; a whisper- 
ing parasite. South. 

PIOK'TOOTH, n. An instrument for picking or cleaning 
the teeth. See Toothpick. 

Pi'€0, n. [Sp. See Peak.] A peak ; the pointed head of a 
mountain. 

PI€'RO-LITE, n. A mineral. See Pikrolite. 

PI€'R0-MEL, n. [Gr. nt/cpos-] The characteristic princi- 
ple of bile. Ure. 

PI€-RO-TOX'IN, n. [Gr. mK^og, and L. toxicum.] The 
bitter and poisonous principle of the cocculus indicus. 

PIGT, n. [L. pictus.] A person whose body is painted. 

PlC-To'RI-AL, a. [L. pictor.] Pertaining to a painter ; 
l)roducelbyapamter. £ro?/37i. 

f-PieT'U-RAL, n. A representation. Spenser. 

l'I€T'URE, n. [L. pictura.] 1. A painting exhibiting 
the resemblance of any thing ; a likeness drawn in colors, 
y. The works of painters ; painting. 3. Any resem- 
blance or representation, either to the eye or to the under- 
standing. 

PI€T'URE, V. t. 1. To paint a resemblance. South. 2. To 
represent ; to form or present an ideal likeness. 

I»I€T'URE-LlKE, a. Like a picture ; according to the 
manner of a picture. Shak. 

l'I€T'URED, pp. Painted in resemblance ; drawn in colors ; 
represented. 

t PI€T'U-RER, n. A painter. Bp. Hall. 



[Fr. pittoresque ; It. pittoresco.l 
)f 



PICT-U-RESdUE', 

PI€T-U-RESK', ^ Expressing that peculiar kind of 
beauty which is agreeable in a picture, natural or artifi- 
cial ; striking the mind with great power or pleasure in 
representing objects of vision, and in painting to the im- 
agination any circumstance or event as cleaiiy as if de- 
lineated in a picture. Gray. 

PICT-U-RESaUE'LY, ) adv. In a picturesque manner. 

PI€T-U-RESK'LY, \ Montgomery. 

PI€T-U-RESaUE'NESS, ) n. The state of being pictu- 

PI€T-U-RESK'NESS, \ resque. Price. 

PID'DLE, V. i. [This is a different sowing of peddle.] 1. To 
deal in trifles ; to spend time on trifling objects ; to attend 
to trivial concerns or the small parts rather than 10 the 
main. 2. To pick at table ; to eat squeamishly or without 
appetite. 

PID'DLER, n. 1. One who busies himself about little 
tilings. 2. One that eats squeamislily or without appetite 

PlE, 71. [Ir. pighe.] An article of food consisting of paste 
baked with something in it or under it, as apple, minced 
_meat, &:c. 

PlE, ?i. [L. pica.] 1. The magpie, a party-colored bud of 
the genus corvus. It is sometimes written pye. 2. The 
old popish service book. 3. Printers' types mixed or 
unsorted. — Cock and pie, an adjuration by the pie or ser- 
vice book, and by the sacred name of the Deity cor- 
rupted. 

PlE'BALD, a. [Sp. pio.] Of various colors; diversified in 
color"; ixs a. piebald horse. Pope. 

PIECE,?). [Fr. piece.] 1. A fragment or part of any thing 
sepaj-aled from the whole, in any manner, by cutting, 
spliting, breaking or tearing. 2. A part of any thing, 
though not separated, or separated only in idea ; not the 
whole ; a portion. 3. A distinct part or quantity. 4. A 
separate part ; a thing or portion distinct from others of a 
like kind. 5. A composition, essay or writing of no great 
length. 6. A separate performance ; a distinct portion of 
labor. 7. A picture or painting. 8. A coin. 9. A gun 
or single part of ordnance. — 10. In heraldry, an ordinary 
or charge. — 11. In ridicule or contempt, apiece of a lawyer 
is a smatterer. 12. A castle; a building ; [obs.] Spenser. 
— i-piece, to each; as, he paid the men a dollar a-piece. — 
Of a piece, like ; of the same sort, as if taken from the 
same whole. Dryden. 

PIeCE, v. t. To enlarge or mend by the addition of a piece ; 
to patch. Shak.— To piece out, to extend or enlarge by ad- 
dition of a piece or pieces. Temple. 

PIeCE, v. i. To unite by coalescence of parts ; to be com- 
pacted, as parts into a whole. 

PIeCED, pp. Mended or enlarged by a piece or pieces. 

PIeCE'LESS, a. Not made of pieces ; consisting of an en- 
tire thing. Donne. 

t PIeCE'L_Y, adv. In pieces. Huloet. 

PIeCE'MeAL, adv. [piece, and Sax. md. Q.U.] ] . In pieces : 
in fragments. 2. By pieces ; by little and little in succes- 
sion . 

PIeCE'MeAL, a. Single ; separate ; made of parts or 
pieces. South. 

PIeCE'MeALED, a. Divided into small pieces. 

PlE'CER, n. One that pieces ; a patcher. 

PlED, a. Variegated with spots of different colors ; spot- 
ted. 

PlED'NESS, n. Diversity of colors in spots. Shak. 

PIeLED, a. [See Peel.] Bald ; bare. 

PIeP, v.i. To cry like a young bird. Huloet. 

PIeTOU-DRE, 71. [Fr. pied and poudreux.] An ancient 
court of record in England, incident to every fair and 
market. 

PIeR, 7!. [Sax. per, pere.] 1. Amass of solid stone-work 
for supporting an arch or the timbers of a bridge or other 
building. 2. A mass of stone-work or a mole projecting 
into the sea, for breaking the force of the waves and mak- 
ing a safe harbor. 3. A mass of solid work between the 
windows of a room, 

PIeR'GLASS, n. A glass which hangs against a pier, be- 
tween windows. 

* PIERCE, (pers, or peers) v. t. [Fr. percer.] 1. To thrust 
into with a pointed instrument. 2. To penetrate ; to en- 
ter ; to force a way into. 3. To penetrate the heart deep- 
ly ; to touch the passions ; to excite or affect the pas- 
sions. 1 Tim. vi. 4. To dive or penetrate into, as a secret 
or purpose. 

* PIERCE, (pers, or peers) v. i. 1. To enter, as a pointed 
instrument. 2. To penetrate ; to force a way into or 
through any thing. 3. To enter ; to dive or penetrate, as 
into a secret. 4. To affect deeply. 

* PIERCE'A-BLE, (pers'a-bl, or peers'a-bl) a. Tl»at may 
be pierced. 

* PIERCED, pp. Penetrated; entered by force; trans- 
fixed. 

* PIER'CER, (pers'er, or peers'er) n. 1. An instrument that 
pierces, penetrates or bores. 2. One that pierces or per- 
forates. 

*PIER'CING, (pers'ing, or peers'ing) ppr. 1. Penetrating, 



* See Synopsis. A, E, l, O, tJ, Y, long.—FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete 



PIL 



Gil 



PIL 



tntering, as a pointed instrument ; making a way by force 
into another body. 2. Affecting deeply. 3. a. Affect- 
ing ; cutting \ keen. 

* PlER'CIiVG-LY, (pers'ing-ly, or pSers'ing-ly) adv. With 
penetrating force or effect ; sharply. 

* PIEE,'CING-NESS, (pers'ing-nes, or peers'ing-nes) n. 
The power of piercing or penetrating ; sharpness ; keen- 
ness. Derham. 

PI'ET, or Pi'OT, n. [from pie.] A magpie. 

PI'E-TISM, n. Extremely strict devotion, or affectation of 
piety. Frey. 

Pi'E-TIST, n. One of a sect professing great strictness and 
purity of life. Burnet. 

Pi'E-TY, 71. [L. pietas ; Fr. piete.] 1. Piety in principle 
is a compound of veneration or reverence of the Supreme 
Being and love of his character, or veneration accompa- 
nied with love ; and piety in practice is the exercise of 
these affections in obedience to his will and devotion to 
his service. 2. Reverence of parents or friends, accom- 
panied with affection and devotion to their honor and 
happiness. 

PI-E-ZOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. T:ie^u) and iierpov.] An instru- 
ment for ascertaining the compressibility of water. Per- 
kins. 

PIG, n. [D. big.] 1. The young of swine. 2. An oblong 
mass of unforged iron, lead or other metal. 

PIG, V. t, or i. To bring forth pigs. 

PI6'E0N, (pid'jun) n. [Fr.] A fowl of the genus columha. 

PIG'EON-FOOT, n. A plant. Ainsworth. 

PI6'E0N-HEART'ED, a. Timid j easily frightened. Beau- 
mont. 

PiG'EON-HoLE, 7!. A little apartment or division in a 
case for papers. 

PiG'EON-HoLES, n. An old English game in which balls 
were rolled through little cavities or arches. 

PIG'EON-LIV-ERED, a. Mild in temper ; soft ; gentle. 

PIG'EON-Pe A, n. A plant of the genus cytisus. 

PIG'GIN, n. [Scot, a milking pail.] A small wooden vessel 
with an erect handle, used as a dipper. 

PIG'HEAD-ED, a. Having a large head ; stupid. 

fPlGHT, (pite) pp. [Scot, pight^ or picht ; from pitch.] 
Pitched ; fixed ; determined. Shak. 

t PiGHT, V. t. [W. pigaw.] To pierce. TVickliffe. 

PiGH'TEL, n. A little inclosure. [Local] 

* PIG'ME-AN, a. [See Pygmean.] Very small j like a pigmy. 
PIG'MENT, n. [L. pigmentum.] Paint ; a preparation 

used by painters, dyers, &:c. to impart colors to bodies. 

PIG'MY, 71. [It., Sp., Port, pigmeo ; IL.pygmmus.] A dwarf ; 
a person oi very small stature. 

PIG'MY, a. Very small in size ; mean ; feeble ; inconsider- 
able. 

PIG-NO-Ra'TION, 71. [L. pignero.] The act of pledging or 
pawning. 

PIG'NO-RA-TlVE, a. Pledging ; pawning. [L. u.] Diet. 

PIG'NUT, 71. [pig and nut.] The ground-nut 5 also, a tree 
and its fruit of the genus juglans. 

PIGS'NEY, n. [Sax. piga, a little girl.] A word of endear- 
ment to a girl. [Little used.] Hudihras. 

PIG'TAIL, 71. 1. A cue ; the hair of the head tied in the 
form of a pig's tail. 2. A small roll of tobacco. 

PIG-WID'6EON, n [pig and widgeon.] A fairy ; a cant 
word for any thing very small. 

PIKE, n. [This word belongs to a numerous family of 
words expressing something pointed, or a sharp point, or, 
as verbs, to Sax. piic ; Fr. pique, piquer.] 1. A military 
weapon consisting of a long wooden shaft or staff, with a 
flat steel head pointed ; called the spear. 2. A fork used ' 
in husbandry. Tusser. — 3. Among turners, the iron sprigs 
used to fasten any thing to be turned. — 4. In ichthyology, 
a fish of the genus esox. 

PIK'ED, a. Ending in a point ; acuminated. Camden. 

PiKE'LET, } n. A light cake ; a kind of muffin. Seward's 

PiKE'LIN, \ Letters. 

PiKE'MAN, n. A soldier armed with a pike. Knolles. 

PiKE'STaFF, re. The staff or shaft of a pike. Tatler. 

PIK'RO-LITE, 71. [qu. Gr. 7Tt*:pos and XtOo?.] A mineral. 

ri-LAS'TER, 71. [lX.pilastro;"£'x.pilastre.] A square col- 
umn, sometimes insulated ; but usually pilasters are set 
within a wall, projecting only one quarter of their diam- 
eter. 

t PILCH, 71. [It. pelliccia; Fr. pelisse.] A furred gown or 
case ; something lined with fur. Shak. 

PIL'CHARD, n. [Ir. pilseir.] A fish resembling the her- 
ring, but thicker and rounder. 

PILCH'ER, 7!. [Sax. pylece ; Fr. pellice.] 1. A furred gown 
or case ; any thing lined with fur. Shak. 2, A fish like 
a herring, much caught in Cornwall. Milton. 

PILE, n. [Sp., It. pita; Fr. pile.] 1. Aheap; amass or 
collection of things in a roundish or elevated form. 2. A 
collection of combustibles for burning a dead body. 3. A 
large building or mass of buildings ; an edifice. 4. A 
heap of balls or shot laid in horizontal courses, rising into 
a pyramidical form 



See Synopsia MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;- BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH a.^ in this, f 



PILE, n. [D. paal ; Sw., Dan. pil.] I. A large stake or 
piece of timber, pointed and driven into the earth. 2. 
One side of a coin ; originally, a punch or puncheon used 
in stamping figures on coins, and containing the figures 
to be impressed. — 3. In heraldry, an ordinary in form of 
a point inverted or a stake sharpened. 

PILE, 71. [B.pyl; J)au.,Sw. pil ; 1,. pilum.] The head of 
an Eirrow. 

PILE, 71. [L. pilus.] Properly, a hair ; the fibre of wool, 
cotton and the like ; the nap, the fine, hairy substance of 
the surface of cloth. 

PILE, V. t.l. To lay or throw into a heap ; to collect many 
things into a mass. 2. To bring into an aggregate ; to 
accumulate. 3. To fill with something heaped. 4. To 
fill above the brim or top. 5. To break off the awns of 
threshed barley ; [local.] 

PIL'E-ATE, / a. [L. pileus.] Having the form of a cn.p 

PIL'E-A-TED, j or cover for the head. 

t PiLE'MENT, 71. An accumulation. Hall 

PiL'ER, 71. One who piles or forms a heap. 

Piles, n. plu. The hemorrhoids, a disease. 

PiLE'WoRM, 71. A worm found in piles in Holland. 

PiLE'WoRT, n. A plant of the genus ranunculus. 

PILFER, V. i. [W. yspeiliata ; Sp. pellizcar.] To steal in 
small quantities ; to practice petty theft. 

PIL'FER, V. t. To steal or gain by petty theft 5 to filch. 

FILTERED, pp. Stolen in small parcels. 

PIL'FER-ER, n. One that pilfers. Young. 

PIL'FER-ING, ppr. Stealing ; practicing petty thefts. 

PIL'FER-ING, n. Petty theft. Shak. 

PIL'FER-ING-LY, adv. With petty theft; filchingly. 

PIL'FER-Y, n. Petty theft. L' Estrange. 

PIL'-GaR-LI€K, or PILLED'-GaR-LI€K, n. One who 
has lost his hair by disease ; a poor, forsaken wretch. Ste- 
vens. 

PIL'GRIM, 71. [G. pilger ; Fr. pelerin.] 1. A wanderer ; a 
traveler ; one that travels to a distance from his own coun- 
try to visit a holy place, or to pay his devotion to the re- 
mains of dead saints. — 2. In Scripture, one that has only 
a temporary residence on earth. Heb. xi. 

t PIL'GRIM, v.i. To wander or ramble. Grew. 

PIL'GRIM-AGE, 7?. 1. a long journey , particularly a journey 
to some place deemed sacred and venerable, in order to 
pay devotion to the relics of some deceased saint. — 2. In 
Scripture, the journey of human life. Gen.x\\i\. 3. Time 
irksomely spent. Shak. 

fPIL'GRIM-iZE, V. i. To wander about as a pilgrim. 

PILL, 71. [L. pila, pilula.] 1. In pharmacy, a medicine in 
the form of a little ball, to be swallowed whole. 2. Any 
thing nauseous. Young. 

PILL, V. t. [Fr. piller.] To rob; to plunder; to pillage, 
that is, to peel, to strip. 

PILL, V. i. 1. To be peeled ; to come off m flakes. Dryden. 
2. To rob; see Peel. 

PILL' AGE, n. [Fr.] 1. Plunder; spoil; that which is 
taken from another by open force, particularly and chiefly, 
from enemies in war. 2. The act of plundering. — 3. In 
architecture, a square pillar behind a column to bear up 
the arches. 

PILL' AGE, V. t. To strip of money or goods by open vio 
lence ; to plunder ; to spoil. 

PILL'AGED, pp. Plundered by open force. 

PILL'A-GER, 71. One that plunders by open violence. 

PILL'A-GING, ppr. Plundering ; stripping. - 

PIL'LAR, 71. [Fr. pilier ; Sp., Port, pilar.] 1. A kind of 
irregular column, round and insulated, but deviating from 
the proportions of a just column. 2. A supporter ; that 
which sustains or upholds ; that on which some super 
structure rests. 3. A monument raised to comnaemorat© 
any person or remarkable transaction. 4. Something re 
sembling a pillar. Oen. xix. 5. Foundation ; support 
Job ix. — 6. In ships, a square or round timber fixed per- 
pendicularly under the middle of the beams for supporting 
the decks. — 7. In the manege, the centre of the volta, 
ring or manege-ground, around which a horse turns. 

PIL'LARED, a. 1. Supported by pillars. Milton. 2. Having 
the form of a pillar. Thomson. 

t PILL'ER, n. One that pills or plunders. Chaucer. 

t PILL'ER-Y, n. Plunder ; pillage ; rapine. Huloet. 

PILL'ION, (pil'yun) n. [Ix.pillin.] 1. A cushion for a wo- 
man to ride on behind a person on horseback. 2. A pad ; 
a pannel ; a low saddle. 3. The pad of a saddle that rests 
on the horse's back. 

PIL'LO-RIED, a. Put in a pillory. 

PIL'LO-RY, 71. [Ir. pilori, pioloir ; Fr. pilori.] A frame of 
wood erected on posts, with movable boards and holes, 
through which are put the head and hands of a criminal 
for punishment. 

PIL'LO-RY, V. t. To punish with the pillory. 

PIL'LoW, n. [Sax. pile, or pyle.] 1. A long cushion to sup 
port the head of a person when reposing on a bed ; a sack 
or case filled with feathers, down or other soft materiril. — 
2. In a ship, the block on which the inner end of a bow- 
sprit is supported. 

Obsolete. 



FIN 



612 



PIO 



riL'LSW, V. t. To rest or lay on for support. Mlton. 

PIL'LoW-BIeR, } n. The case or sack of a pillow which 

PJL'LoW-€ASE, \ contains the feathers. 

PIL'LoWED, pp. or a. Supported by a pillow. 

PIL'LoW-ING, ppr. Resting or laying on a pillow. 

PI-LoSE' \ 't -7 1 tr • 

PI'LOUS, \ "•■ t^- P^io^^-] Hairy 

PI-LOS'I-TF, 71. Hairiness. Bacon. 

Pi'LOT, n. [Fr. pilote.l 1. One whose oflSce or occupation 
is to steer ships, particularly along a coast, or into and out 
of a harbor, bay or river, where navigation is dangerous. 
_2. A guide ; a director of the course of another person. 

Pi'LOT, v. t. To direct the course of a ship in any place 
where navigation is dangerous. 

Pi'LOT-AGE, n. 1. The compensation made or allowed to 
one who directs the course of a ship. 2. The pilot's skill ; 
[ois.] Raleiffh. 

Pi LOT-FISH, n. A fish, a species of gasterosteus. 

PI LOT-ING, ppr. Steering ; as a ship in dangerous naviga- 
tion. 

PI LOT-ING, n The act of steering a ship. 

I PI'LOT-RY^' i "• I'i^otage ; skill in piloting. 

PILOUS, a. [L.pilosus.] 1. Hairy; abounding with hair. 
Robinson. 2. Consisting of hair. 

PIL'SER, n. The moth or fly that runs into a flame. 

PIM'E-LITE, 71. [Gr. jti/xeXt? and \lBos.'\ A terrene sub- 
stance of an apple-green color. • 

Pi'MENT, 71. Wine with a mixture of spice or honey. 

PI-MEN'TO, 71. [Sp. pimienta.'] Jamaica pepper, popularly 
called allspice. Encyc. 

PIMP, 71. A man who provides gratifications for the lust of 
others ; a procurer ; a pander. Addison. 

PIMP, V. i. To pander ; to procure lewd women for the 
gratification of others. 

PIM'PER-JN'EL, or PIM'PI-NEL, 71. [L. pimpinella ; Fr. 
pimprenelle.] The name of several plants. Lee. 

PIM'PIL-LO, 71. A plant of the genus cactus. 

PIM-PI-NEL'LA, 71. A genus of plants. 

PIMP'ING, ppr. Pandering ; procuring lewd women for 
others. 

PIMP'ING, a. Little ; petty. Skinner. 

PIM'PLE, 71. [Sax. j7i7i;)eZ.i A small pustule on the face or 
other part of the body, usually a red pustule. 

PIM'PLED, a. Having red pustules on the skin ; full of 
pimples. 

PIxMP'LiKE, a. Like a pimp ; vile ; infamous ; mean. 

PIN, 71. [W.pin.] 1. A small pointed instrument made of 
brass wire and headed ; used chiefly by females for fast- 
ening their clothes. 2. A piece of wood or metal sharp- 
ened or pointed, used to fasten together boards, plank or 
other timber. 3. A thing of little value. 4. A linchpin. 
5. The central part. 6. A peg used in musical instru- 
ments in straining and relaxing the strings. 7. A note or 
strain ; [vulgar.] 8. A horny induration of the mem- 
branes of the eye. 9. A cylindrical roller made of wood. 
10. A noxious humor in a hawk's foot. 11. The pin of a 
Mock is the axis of the sheave. 

PIN, V. t. [W. piniaw.] 1. To fasten with a pin or with 
pins of any kind. 2. To fasten ; to make fast ; or to join 
and fasten together. 3. To inclose ; to confine ; [see Pen 
and Pound.] Hooker. 

PI-NAS'TER, 71. [L. See Pine.] The wild pine. 

PIN'€ASE, n. A case for holding pins. 

PIN'CERS, ) 71. An instrument for drawing nails from 

PINCH'ERS, \ boards and the like, or for griping things 
to be held fast. 

PINCH, V. t. [Fr. pincer.l 1. To press hard or squeeze be- 
tween the ends of the fingers, the teeth, claws, or with 
an instrument, &c. 2. To squeeze or compress between 
any two hard bodies. 3, To squeeze the flesh till it is 
pained or livid. 4. To gripe ; to straiten ; to oppress with 
want. 5. To pain by constriction ; to distress. 6. To 
press ; to straiten by difficulties. 7. To press hard ; to 
try thoroughly. 

PINCH, V. i. 1. To act with pressing force ; to bear hard ; 
to be puzzling. 2. To spare ; to be straitened ; to be covet- 
ous. 

PINCH, 71. 1. A close compression with the ends of the fin- 
gers. 2. A gripe ; a pang. 3. Distress inflicted or suffer- 
ed ; pressure ; oppression. 4, Straits ; difficulty ; time of 
distress from want. 

PINCH'BECK, 71 [said to be from the name of the inventor.] 
An alloy of copper ; a mixture of copper and zink, con- 
sisting of three or four parts of copper with one of zink. 

PINCH'ER, 71. He or that which pinches. 

PINCh'pEN-NY, S «• ^ ™i^^'' 5 a niggard. 
PIN'€TJSH-ION, (pin-kush'un) 71. A small case stuffed with 

some'soft material, in which females stick pins for safety 

and preservation. 
PIN-DAR'I€, a. After the style and manner of Pindar. 
PIN-D AR'IC, 71. An od« in imitation of the odes of Pindar ; 

an irregular ode. Addison. 



PLN'DUST, n. Small particles of metal made by pointing 

pins. Digby. 

PINE, 71. (Fr, pin ; Sp,, It. pino j L. pinus ] A tree of the 
genus pinus, of many species. 

PINE, V. i. [Sax. pinan.] 1. To languish ; to lose flesh or 
wear away xmder any distress or anxiety of mind ; to 
grow lean, 2. To languish with desure ; to waste away 
with longing for something. 

PINE, V. t. 1. To wear out ; to make to languish. Dryden. 
2. To grieve for ; to bemoan in silence. Milton. 

t PINE, 71. [Sax. pin ; D. pyn.] Wo ; want ; penury ; mis- 
_ery, Spenser. See Pain. 

PiNE'-BAR-RENS, 71. A term applied, in the Southern 
States, to tracts of level country covered with pine trees. 
Pick. Voc. 

PIN'E-AL, a. [Fr. pineale.] The pineal gland is a part of 
the brain, about the bigness of a pea, situated in the third 
ventricle ; so called from its shape. 

PiNE'-AP-PLE, 71. The ananas, so called from its resem- 
blance to the cone of the pine tree. Locke. 

tPlNE'FUL, a. Full of wo. Hall. 

JPlN'ER-Y, 71. A place where pine-apples are raised. 

PIN'-FEATH-ER, 71 A small or short feather. 

PIN'-FEATH-ERED, a. Having the feathers only begin- 
ning_to shoot ; not fully fledged. Dryden. 

PIN'FoLD, 71. [pin, or pen, and fold.] A place in which 
beasts are confined. We now call it a pound. 

fPIN'GLE, 71. A small close. Ainsworth. 

t PIN'GUID, d. [L. pinguis.] Fat ; unctuous. 

PIN'HoLE, 71. A small hole made by the puncture or per- 
foration of a pin ; a very small aperture. 

PiN'ING, ppr. Languishing ; wasting away. 

PIN'ION, (pin'yun) n. [Fi.pignon.] 1. The joint of a fowl's 
wing, remotest from the body. 2. A feather; a quill. 3. 
A wing. 4. The tooth of a smaller wheel, answering to 
that of a larger. 5. Fetters or bands for the arms. 

PIN'ION, (pin'yun) v. t. 1. To bind or confine the wings. 

2. To confine by binding the wings. 3. To cut off' the 
first joint of the wing. 4. To bind or confine the arm or 
arms to the body. 5. To confine ; to shackle ; to chain. 
6. To bind ; to fasten to. 

PIN'IONED, pp. 1. Confined by the wings ; shackled. 2. 

a. Furnished with wings. Dryden. 
t PIN'ION-IST, 71. A winged animal ; a fowl. Brown. 
PIN-I-Ro'LO, 71, A bird resembling the sandpiper. 
PIN'ITE, 71. [from Pi?ii, a mine in Saxony.] A mineral. 
PINK, 71. [W. pi7ic.] 1. An eye, or a small eye ; but now 

disused, except in composition. 2. A plant and flower. 

3. A color used by painters ; from the color of the flower. 

4. Any thing supremely excellent. 5. [Fi. pinque ; D 
pink.]' A ship with a very narrow stern. 6. A fish, the 
minnow. 

PINK, V. t. 1. To work in eyelet-holes ; to pierce with 

small holes. 2. To stab ; to pierce. Addison. 
fPINK, v.i. [If.pinken.] To wink. L'Estrange. 
PINK'-EYED, a. Having small eyes. Holland. 
PINK'-NEE-DLE, ?i. A shepherd's bodkin. Sherwood. 
PINK'-STERNED, a. Having a very naiTow stern, as a 

ship. Mar. Diet. 
PIN'-Ma-KER, 71. One whose occupation is to make pins. 
PIN'-M6N-EY, 71. A sum of money allowed or settled on a 

wife for her private expenses. Addison. 
PIN'NACE, 71. [Sp. pinaza ; Fr. pinasse.] A small vessel 

navigated with oars and sails ; also, a boat usually rowed 

with eight oars. 
PIN'NA-€LE, 71. [Fr. pinacle ; It, pinacolo.] 1. A turret, 

or a part of a building elevated above the main building. 

Milton. 2. A high spiring point ; summit. Cowley. 
PIN'NA-€LE, V. t. To build or furnish with pinnacles. 
PIN'NA-€LED,pp. Furnished with pinnacles. 
fPIN'NAGE, 71. Poundage of cattle. See Pound. 
PIN'NATE, ) a. [L. pinnatu^.] In botany, a pinnate leaf 
PIN'NA-TED, S is a species of compound leaf wherein a 

simple petiole has several leaflets attached to each side 

of it. 
PIN'NA-TI-FID, a. [L. pinna and findc] In botany, feath- 

Gr-clcft 
PINNA-TI-PED, a. [L. pimia and pes.] Fin-footed ; hav- 
ing the toes bordered by membranes. Latham. 
PINNED, pp. Fastened with pins ; confined. 
PIN'NER, 71. 1. One that pins or fastens ; also, a pounder of 

cattle, or the pound-keeper. 2. A pin-maker. 3. The 

lappet of a head which flies loose. 
PIN'NITE, 71. Fossil remains of the^t7i7ia. Jameson. 
PIN'NOCK, 71. A small bird, the tomtit. Ainswm-th. 
PIN'NU-LATE, a. Apinnulate leaf is one in which each 

pinna is subdivided. Martyn. 
PINT, 71. [D. pint ; Fr. pinte ; Sp. pinta.] Half a quart, or 

four gUls. — In medicine, twelve ounces. 
PIN'TLE, 71. A little pin, — In artillery, a long iron bolt. 
PIN'ULES, 71. plu. In astronomy, the sights of an astrolabe. 
Pi'NY, a. Abounding with pine trees. May. 
Pl-0-NEER', 71. [Fr. pionnier.] 1. In the art of war, one 

whose business is to march with or before an army, to 



Se? Synopsis. A, E, I, E, U, Y, long—FkU, F^LL, WHAT ;— PREY :— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



PIR 



0)13 



PIT 



repair tlie road or clear it of obstructions. 2. One that goes 
before to remove obstructions or prepare the way for an- 
other. 
Pi'O-NING, n. The work of pioneers. Spenser. 

Pi'O-NY, or Pe'O-N Y, n. [Sax. pionie ; L. pcBonia.] A plant, 
bearing large, beautiful red flowers. 

Pi'OUS, a. [Ij. pius ; Fr. pieux.] 1. Godly; reverencing 
and honoring the Supreme Being in heart and in the prac- 
tice of the duties he has enjoined ; religious ; devoted to 
the service of God. 2. Dictated by reverence to God ; 
proceeding from piety. 3. Having due respect and affec- 
tion for parents or other relatives. Pope. 4. Practiced un- 
der the pretense of religion. 

Pi'OUS-L Y, adv. 1. In a pious manner ; with reverence and 
affection for God; religiously. 2. With due regard to 
natural or civil relations. 

PIP, n. [D. pip ; Fr. pepie.] 1. A disease of fowls ; a horny 
pellicle that grows on the tip of their tongue. 2. A spot on 
cards. Addison. 

PIP, V. i. [L. pipio ,' W. pipian ; Dan. piper.] To cry or chirp, 
as a chicken ; commonly pronounced pee;). Boyle. 

PIPE, n. [Sax. pipe ; W. pib ; Fr. pipe.] 1. A wind instrument 
of music, consisting of a long tube of wood or metal. 2. A 
long tube or hollow body. 3. A tube of clay with a bowl 
at one end ; used in smoking tobacco. 4. The organs of 
voice and respiration. 5. The key or sound of the voice. 
— 6. In England, a roll in the exchequer, or the exchequer 
itself. 7. A cask containing two hogsheads, or 120 gal- 
lons, used for wine ; or the quantity which it contains. — 
8. In mining, a pipe is where the ore runs forward end- 
wise in a hole, and does not sink downwards or in a 
vein. 

PIPE, V. i. 1. To play on a pipe, fife, flute or other tubular 
wind instrument of music. Drydcn. Swift. 2. To have a 
shrill sound ; to whistle. Shak. 

PIPE, V. t. To play on a wind instrument. 1 Cor. xiv. 

Piped, a. Formed with a tube ; tubular. Encyc. 

PiPE'-FISH, 71. A fish of the genus syngnathus. 

PiP'ER, n. One who plays on a pipe or wind instrument. 

PIP'ER-IDGE, 71. A shrub, the berberis, or barberry. 

PIP'ER-IN, 71. 1. A concretion of volcanic ashes. 2. A pe- 
culiar crystaline substance extracted from black pepper. 

PiPE'-TREE, 71. The lilac 

PiP'ING, ppr. I. Playing on a pipe. 2. a. Weak ; feeble ; 
sickly ; [vulgar.] 3. Very hot ; boilmg ; from the sound 
of boiling fluids; [vulgar.] 

PI-PIS'TREL, 71. A species of small bat. 

PIP'KIN, n. [dim. of pipe.] A small earthen boiler. 

PIP'PIN, 71. ID. pippelbig.] A kind of apple ; a tart apple. 

PIQ,U'AN-GY, (pik'an-sy/ n. Sharpness ; pungency ; tart- 
ness; severity. Barrow. 

PICiU'ANT, (pik ant) a. [Fr., frompiguer.] 1 . Pricking ; stim- 
ulating to the tongue. 2. Sharp ; tart ; pungent ; severe. 

PiaU'ANT-LY, (pik'ant-ly) adv. With sharpness ; tartly. 

PiQ,UE, (peek) n. [Fr.] 1. An offense taken; usually, 
slight anger. 2. A strong passion. 3. Point ; nicety ; 
punctilio. 

PiaUE, (peek) v. t. [Fr.piquer.] 1. To offend ; to nettle ; to 
irritate ; to sting ; to fret ; to excite a degree of anger. 2. 
To stimulate ; to excite to action ; to touch with envy, jeal- 
ousy or other passion. 3. With the reciprocal pronoun, to 
pride or value one's self. 

PiClUE, (peek) v. i. To cause irritation. Tatler. 

PiaUED, (peekt) pp. Irritated ; nettled ; offended ex- 
cited. 

PiaU-EER'. See Pickeer. 

PiaU-EER'ER, 7^. A plunderer; a freebooter. [See Pick- 

EERER.] Swift. 

PiaU'ET. See Picket. 

PI-aUET', (pe-kef) n. [Fr.] A game at cards. 

PlOU'ING, (peek'ing) ppr. trritating ; offending ; priding. 

Pi'RA-CY, 7U [Fi-. piraterie i Ij. piratic a.] 1. The act, prac- 
tice or crime of robbing on the high seas ; the taking of 
property from others by open violence and without au- 
thority on the sea ; a crime that answers to robbery on 
land. 2. The robbing of another by taking his writings. 

I'l'RATE, n. [It. pirato i L., Sp. pirata.] 1. A robber on 
the high seas. 2. An armed ship or vessel which sails 
without a legal commission, for the purpose of plundering 
other vessels indiscriminately on the high seas. 3. A 
bookseller that seizes the copies or writings of other men 
without permission. 

Pi'RATE, v. i. To rob on the high seas. Arbuthnot. 

Pi'RATE, V. t. To take by theft or without right or permis- 
sion, as books or writings. Pope. 

Pi'RA-TED, pp. Taken by theft or without right. 

Pi'RA-TING, ppr. 1. Robbing on the high seas ; taking 
without right, as a book or writing. 2. a. Undertaken for 
the sake of piracy. 

PI-RAT'I-€AL, a. [L. piraticus.] 1. Robbing or plunder- 
ing by open violence on the high seas. 2. Consisting in 
piracv ; predatory ; robbing. 3. Practicing literary theft. 

PI-RAt'I-€AL-LY, adv. By piracy. Bryant. 

PI-ROGUE', or PI-RA'GUA, (pi-roge', or pi-raw'gua) n. 



[Sp. piragua.] I. A canoe formed out of the trunk cf a 
tree, or two canoes united.— 2. In modern risare in Ameri- 
ca., a narrow ferry-boat carrying two masts and a lee 
board. 

t PIR'RY, n. A rough gale of wind ; a storm. Ehjot. 

PIS'€A-RY, n. [It. pescheria.] In law, the right or privilege 
of fishing in another man's waters. Blackstone. 

PIS-€a'T10N, 71. [L. piscatio.] The act of fishing. 

PIS'€A-TO-RY, a. [L. piscatorius.] Relating to fishes or to 
fishing. Addison. 

PIS'CES, 71. plu. [L. piscis.] In astronomy, the Fishes, the 
twelfth sign or constellation in the zodiac. 

PIS'CINE, a. [L. piscis.] Pertaining to fish or fishes. 

PIS-CIV'O-ROUS, a. [L. piscis and voro.] Feeding or sub • 
sisting on fishes. 

PISH, exclam. A word expressing contempt ; sometimes 
spoken and written pshaw. 

PISH, v. i. To express contempt. Pope. 

PISI-FORM, a. [L. pisum and/or7«a.] Having the form ol 
a pea. Kir-wan. 

PIS'MlRE, 71. [Sw. myra ; Dan. myre ; D. mier.] The in- 
sect called the ant or emmet. Prior. Mortimer. 

PIS'0-LITE, n. [Gr. -Kiaov and \Ld05.] Peastone. 

PIS'O-PHALT, n. Pea-mineral or mineral-pea. 

PISS, v. t. [D.. G. pissen ; Dan. pisser ; Fr. pi:--<er.] To dis- 
charge the liquor secreted by the kidneys and lodged in 
the urinary bladder. 

PISS, n. Urine ; the liquor secreted in the bladder. 

PISS'A-BED, 71. The vulgar name of a yellow flower. 

PIS'SA-SPHALT, n. [Gr. Triaaa and aacpaXrog ; Sp. pisa- 
sfalto.] Earth-pitch ; pitch mixed with bitumen. 

PISS'BURNT, a. Stained with urine. 

PIST, or PISTE, 71. [Fr. piste.] The track or foot-print of a 
horseman on the ground he goes over. 

PIS-Ta'CHIo, 71. [Fr. pistache; It. pistacchio.] The nut of 
the pistacia terebintkus, or turpentine tree. 

PIS'TA-CITE, or PIS'TA-ZITE. See Epidote. 

PIS-TA-REEN', n. A silver coin of the value of 17 or 18 
cents, or 9d. sterling. 

PIS'TIL, 71. [L. pistiUum.] In botany, the pointal, an organ 
of female flowers adhering to the fruit for the reception of 
the pollen. 

PIS-TIL-La'CEOUS, a. Growing on the germ or seed-bud 
of a flower. Barton. 

PIS'TIL-LATE, a. Having or consisting in a pistil. 

PIS-TIL-L A'TION, 7t. [L. pistillum.] The act of pounding 
in a mortar. [Little used.] 

PIS-TIL-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [pisiiZ, and L./e»-o.] Having a 
pistil without stamens ; as a female flower. 

PIS'TOL, 71. [Fr. pistole, pistolct.] A small fire-arm. 

PIS'TOL, v. t. [Fr. pistuler.] To shoot with a pistol. 

PIS-ToLE', 71. [Fr.] A gold coin of Spain, but current in 
the neighboring countries. 

PIS'TO-LET, 71. [Fr.] A little pistol. 

PIS'TON, 7). [Fr., Sp.pisio7!.] A short cylinder of metal 
or other solid substance, used in pumps and other engine? 
or machines for various purposes. 

PIT, n. [Sax. pit, or pyt ; Ir. pit.] 1. An artificial cavity maae 
in the earth by digging ; a deep hole in the earth. 2. A 
deep place ; an abyss ; profundity. 3. The grave. Ps. 
xxviii. 4. The area for cock-fighting. 5. The middle 
part of a theatre. 6. The hollow of the body at the 
stomach. 7. The cavity under the shoulder ; as, the arm- 
pit. 8. A dint made by impression on a soft substance, 
as by the finger, &c. 9. A little hollow in the flesh, made 
by a pustule, as in the small-pox. 10. A hollow place in 
the earth excavated for catching wild beasts. 11. Great 
distress and misery, temporal, spiritual or eternal. Ps. xl. 
12. Hell ; as, the bottomless pit. Rev. xx. 

PIT, v.t. 1. To indent ; to press into hollows. 2. To mark 
with little hollows. 3. To set in competition, as in com- 
bat. Madison. 

PIT-A-Ha'YA, 71. A shrub of California. Encyc. 

PIT'A-PAT, ado. In a flutter ; with palpitation or quick 
succession of beats ; as, his heart went pitapat. 

PIT'A-PAT, n. A light quick step. Dryden. 

PITCH, n. [Sax. pic ; D. pik ; G. peck.] 1. A thick tenacious 
substance, the juice of a species of pine or fir called abies 
picea. obtained by incision from the bark of the tree. 2. 
The resin of pine, or turpentine, inspissated ; used in 
calking ships and paying the sides and bottom. 

PITCH, 71, [W.pig.] 1. Literally, apoint; hence, any point 
or degree of elevation. 2. Highest rise. 3. Size ; stature. 
4. Degree ; rate. 5. The point where a declivity begins, 
or the declivity itself; descent ; slope. 6. The degree of 
descent or declivity. 7. A descent ; a fall ; a thrusting 
down. 8. Degree of elevation of the key-note of a tune 
or of any note. 

PITCH, V. t. [formerly pight ; W. piciaw ; D. pikken ; G. 
pichen.] 1. To throw or thrust, and, primarily, to thrust a 
long or pointed object ; hence, to fix ; to plant ; to set. 2. 
To throw at a point. 3. To throw headlong. 4. To 
throw with a fork. 5. To regulate or set the key-note of 



* See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, DOVE i-B{JLL, UNITE.— € as K , 6 as J j S as Z i CH as SH j TH as in this, t Obsolete , 



PIT 



614 



PLA 



a tune in music. 6- To set in array ; to marshal or ar- 
range in order ; used chiefly in the participle ; as a pitched 
battle. 7. [from pitch.] To smear or pay over with pitch. 

f ITCH, v.i. J . To light ; to settle ; to come to rest from 
flight 2. To fall headlong. 3. To plunge. 4. To fall ; 
to fix choice. 5. To fix a tent or temporary habitation ; 
to encamp. — 6. In navigation, to rise and fall, as the head 
and stern of a ship passing over w^aves. 7. To flow or 
fall precipitously, as a river. 

PITCHED, pp. Set ; planted ; fixed ; thrown headlong ; set 
in array ; smeared with pitch. 

PITCH'ER, n. [Arm. picker.] 1. An earthern vessel with a 
spout for pouring out liquors. 2. An instrument for 
piercing the ground. 

PITCH'-FAR-THIJMG, n. A play in which copper coin is 
pitched into a hole ; called also chuck-farthing. 

PITCH'FORK, 11. [W.picforg.] A fork or farming utensil 
used in throwing'liay or sheaves of grain. 

PITCH'I-NESS, 71. Blackness ; darkness. [Little used.] 

PITCH'ING, ^;jr. 1. Setting ; planting or fixing j throwing 
headlong ; plunging ; daubing with pitch ; setting, as a 
tune. 2. a. Declivous ; descending ; sloping ; as a hill. 

PITCH'ING, n. In navigation, the rising and falling of the 
head and stern of a ship, as she moves over waves. 

PITCH'-ORE, n.. Pitch-blend, an ore of uranium. 

PiTCH'PiPE, n. An instrument used by choristers in reg- 
ulating the pitch or elevation of the key. 

PITCH'-STONE, 71. A mineral. Cleaveland. 

PITCH' Y, a. 1. Partaking of the qualities of pitch ; like 
pitch. 2. Smeared with pitch. 3. Black ; dark ; dismal. 

PIT'CoAL, 71. Fossil coal ; coal dug from the earth. 

*PIT'E-OUS, a. 1. Sorrowful ; mournful ; that may excite 
pity. 2. Wretched; miserable; deserving compassion. 
3. Compassionate ; affected by pity. 4. Pitiful ; paltry ; 
poor. 

*PIT'E-OUS-LY, a<Zo. 1. In a piteous manner ; with com- 
passion. Shak. 2. Sorrowfully ; mournfully. 

*PITE-OUS-NESS, 71. 1. Sorrowfulness. 2. Tenderness; 
compassion. 

PIT'FALL, 71. A pit slightly covered for concealment, and 
intended to catch wild betists or men. 

PIT'FALL, V. t. To lead into a pitfall. Milton. 

PIT'-PtSH, 71. A small fish of the Indian seas. 

PITH, n. [Sax. pitha.] 1. The soft, spungy substance in the 
centre of plants and trees. Bacon. — 2. In animals, the 
spinal marrow. 3. Strength or force. 4. Energy ; cogen- 
cy ; concentrated force ; closeness and vigor of thought 
and style. 5. Condensed substance or matter ; quintes- 
sence. 6. Weight; moment; importance. 

PITH'I-LY, adv. With strength ; with close or concentrat- 
ed force ; cogently ; with energy. 

PITH'I-NESS, n. Strength ; concentrated force. 

PITH'LESS, a. 1. Destitute of pith ; wanting strength. 2. 
Wantijig cogency or concentrated force 

-[■ PIT'HoLE, n. A mark made by disease. Beaumont. 

PITH'Y, a. 1. Consisting of pith ; containing pith ; abound- 
ing with pith. 2. Containing concentrated force ; forci- 
ble ; energetic. 3. Uttering energetic words or expres- 
sions. 

PIT'I-A-BLE, a. [Fr. pitoyaUe.] Deserving pity ; worthy 
01 compassion ; miserable. Atterhury. 

PIT'I-A-BLE-NESS, re. State of desei-ving compassion. 

PIT'lED,;?p. Compassionated. 

tPIT'IED-LY, adv. In a situation to be pitied. Feltham. 

PIT'I-FUL, a. 1. Full of pity ; tender; compassionate. 1 Pet. 
jii. 2. Miserable; moving compassion. ShaU. 3. To be 
pitied for its littleness or meanness; paltry; contemptible; 
despicable. Shak. 4. Verv small ; insignificant. 

PIT'i-FUL-LY, adv. 1. With pity; compassionately. 2. 
In a manner to excite pity. 3. Contemptibly ; with 
meanness. 

PIT'I-FUL-NESS, 71. 1. Tenderness of heart that disposes 
to pity ; mercy ; compassion. 2. Contemptibleness. 

PIT'I-LESS, a. 1. Destitute of pity; hard-hearted. 2. Ex- 
citing no pity. 

PIT'I-LESS-LY, adv. Without mercy or compassion. 

PIT'I-LESS-NESS, 71. Unmercifulness ; insensibility to the 
distresses of others. 

PIT 'MAN, 71. The man that stands in a pit when sawing 
timber with another man who stands above. 

PIT-SAW, n. A large saw used in dividing timber. 

PIT'TANCE, 71. [Fr. pitance.] 1. An allowance of meat in 
a monastery. 2. A very small portion allowed or assigned . 
3 A very small quantity. 

ri-TtJ'I-TA-RY, a. [L. pituita.] That secretes phlegm or 
mucus. Parr. 

PIT'U-ITE, n. [Fr., from L. pituita.] Mucus. 

PI-Tu'I-TOUS, a. [L. pituitosus.] Consisting of mucus, or 
resembling it in qualities. 

PIT'Y, 71. [Fi.pitie; It. pietd.] 1. The feeling or suffering 
of one person, excited by the distresses of another ; sym- 
pathy with the grief or misery of another ; compassion or 
fellow-suffering. 2. The ground or subject of pity ; cause 
of grief; thing to be regretted. 



PIT'Y, V. t. [Fr. pitoyer.] To feel pain or grief for one in 
distress ; to have sympathy for ; to compassionate ; to 
have tender feelings for one, excited by his unhappi- 
ness. 

PIT'Y, V. i. To be compassionate ; to exercise pity. 

PIVOT, 71. [Fr.] Apinon which any thing turns. Dryden 

PIX, n. [L. pyxis.] 1. A little box or chest in wh'ch the con- 
secrated host is kept in Roman Catholic countries. 2., A 
box used for the trial of gold and silver coin. 

PIZ'ZLE, n. [D. pees.] In certain quadmpeds, the part 
which is official to generation and the discharge of urine. 

PLA-CA-BIL'I-TY, or * PLa'CA-BLE-NESS, n. The qual- 
ity of being appeasable ; susceptibility of being pacified. 

*PLa'€A-BLE, a. [It. placahile; Sp. placable; lu. placa- 
bilis.] That may be appeased or pacified ; appeasable ; 
admitting its passions or irritations to be allayed ; willing 
to forgive. 

PLA-CARD', n. [Fr. placard ; Sp. placarte.] Properly, a 
written or printed paper posted in a public place. It seema 
to have been formerly the name of an edict, procla- 
mation or manifesto issued by authority. It is now an 
advertisement, or a libel, or a paper intended to censure 
public or private characters or public measures, posted in 
a public place. 

PLA-€aRD', v. t. To notify publicly ; in colloquial lan- 
guage, to post. 

PLA-€;ART', n. The same as placard. 

PLa'CATE, v. t. [L. place] To appease or pacify ; to con- 
ciliate. Forbes. 

PLACE, 71. [Fr. ; Sp. plaza.] 1. A particular portion of 
space of indefinite extent. 2. Any portion of space, as 
distinct from space in general. 3. Local existence. 4. 
Separate room or apartment. 5. Seat ; residence ; maiv- 
sion. 6. A portion or passage of writing or of a book. 7. 
Point or degree in order of proceeding. 8. Rank ; order of 
priority, dignity or importance. 9. Office ; employment ; 
official station. 10. Ground; room. 11. Station in life ; 
calling ; occupation ; condition. 12. A city ; a town ; a 
village. — 13. In military affairs, a fortified town or post ; 
a fortress ; a fort ; as, a strong place. 14. A country ; a 
kingdom. 15. Space in general. 16. Room ; stead ; with 
the sense of substitution. 17. Room; kind reception. 

To take place. 1. To come ; to happen ; to come into actual 
existence or operation. 2. To take the precedence or 
priority. Locke. — To take the place, to occupy the place 
or station of another. — To have ploxe. I. To have a sta- 
tion, room or seat. 2. To have actual existence. — To 
give place. 1. To make room or way. 2. To give room ; 
to give advantage ; to yield to the influence of; to listen 
to. 3. To give Vay ; to yield to and suffer to pass away. 
— High place, in Scripture, a mount on which sacrifices 
were offered. 

PLACE, v.t. [Fr. placer.] 1. To put or set in a particular 
part of space, or in a particular part of the earth, or in 
something on its surface ; to locate. 2. To appoint, set, 
induct or establish in an office. 3. To put or set in any 
particular rank, state or condition. 4. To set; to fix. 5. 
To put ; to invest. 6. To put out at interest ; to lend. 

PLACED, pp. Set ; fixed ; located ; established. 

i-MA" - ■• - 

ment. 



PLaCE'-MAN, 71. One that has an office under a govern- 



PLA-CEN'TA, n. [L.] 1. In anatomy, the substance that 
connects the fetus to the womb, a soft roundish mass or 
cake by which the circulation is can-ied on between the 
parent and the fetus. 2. The part of a plant or fruit to 
which the seeds are attached. 

PLA-CEN'TAL, a. Pertaining to the placenta. 

PLA-CEN-Ta'TION, n. In botany, the disposition of the 
cotyledons or lobes in the vegetation or germination of 
seeds. 

PLa'CER, n. One who places, locates or sets. 

PLACID, a. [Tu. placidus.] 1. Gentle ; quiet; undisturbed; 
equable. 2. Serene ; mild ; unruffled ; indicating peace 
of mind. 3. Calm ; tranquil ; serene ; not stormy. 4. 
Calm ; quiet ; unraffled. 

PLAC'ID-LY, adv. Mildly ; calmly ; quietly ; without dis- 
turbance or passion. 

PLAC'ID-NESS, ) n. 1. Calmness ; quiet ; tranquillity ; un- 

PLA-CID'I-TY, <, ruffled state. 2. Mildness ; gentleness ; 
sweetness of disposition. 

fPLAC'IT, n. [la. placitum.] A decree or determination. 
Olanville. 

PLAC1-TO-RY, a. Relating to the act or form of pleadmg 
in courts of law. Clayton'' s Reports. 

PLACK'ET, 7!. [Fr. plaquer.] A petticoat. 

*PLa'GI-A-RISM, n. [from plagiary.] The act of purloining 
another man's literary works, or introducing passages 
from another man's writings and putting them off as one'^s 
own ; literary theft. 

*PLa'GI-A-RIST, n. One that purloins the writings of 
another and puts them off as his own. 

*PLa'GI-A-RY, 71. [Ij. plagium.] 1. A thief in literature; 
one that purloins another's writings and offers them to the 
public as his own. 2. The crime of literary theft ; [obs.j 



* See Sipiopsis. A, E, T, O, tj, 1?, Zoti^-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY •,— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



PLA 



615 



PLA 



* PLA'6l-A-RY, a. 1. Stealing men; kidnapping; [obs.] 2. 
Practicing literary theft. Hall, 

PLaGUE, (plag) n. [Sp. plaga, or llaga ; G., Dnn. plage ; 
L.plaga.] 1. Any thing troublesome or vexatious. 2. An 
acute, malignant and contagious disease. 3. A state of 
misery. 4. Any great natural evil or calamity. 

PLAGUE, (plag) v. t. [Sp. plagar ; Dan. plager.] 1. To in- 
fest with disease, calamity or natural evil of any kind. 
2._ To vex ; to tease ; to harass ; to trouble ; to embarrass. 

PLaGUE'FUL, a. Abounding with plagues ; infected with 
plagues. 

PLaGU'I-LY, adv. Vexatiously ; in a manner to vex, 
harass or embarrass ; greatly ; horribly. [In vulgar use.] 
Swift. 

PLaGU'Y, (plag'y) a. Vexatious; troublesome ; torment- 
ing. [Vulgar.] 

PLAICE, or PLAISE, n. [Fr. plie ; Sp. platija.] A fish. 

PLAICE'MOUTH, n. A wry mouth. B. Jonson. 

PLAID, or PLAD, n. [qu. W. plaid.'] A striped or variegat- 
ed cloth worn by the Highlanders in Scotland. 

PLAIN, a. [Fr. plain; It. piano; Sp. piano, llano; Port. 
piano; from L. planus.] 1. Smooth ; even; level; flat; 
without elevations and depressions ; not rough. 2. Open ; 
clear. 3. Void of ornament ; simple. 4, Artless ; sim- 
ple ; unlearned ; without disguise, cunning or affectation ; 
without refinement. 5. Artless ; simple ; unaffected ; un- 
embellished. 6. Honestly undisguised; open; frank; 
sincere ; unreserved. 7. Mere ; bare. 8. Evident to the 
understanding ; clear ; manifest ; not obscure. 9. Not 
much varied by modulations. 10. Not high-seasoned ; 
not rich; not luxuriously dressed. 11. Not ornamented 
with figures. 12. Not dyed. 13. Not difficult ; not em- 
barrassing. 14. Easily seen or discovered ; not obscure 
or difficult to be found. 

PLAIN, adv. 1. Not obscurely ; in a manner to be easily 
understood. 2. Distinctly; articulately. 3. With sim- 
plicity ; artlessly ; bluntly. 

PLAIN, n. [Ir. cluain ; Fr. plaine.] 1. Level land ; usually, 
an open field with an even surface, or a surface little 
varied by inequalities. 2. Field of battle. 

PLAIN, V. t. 1. To level ; to make plain or even on the 
surface. Hayward. 2. To lament [obs.] Spenser. 

t PLAIN, V. i. [Fr. plaindre.] To lament or wail. 

PLAIN-DeAL'ING, a. Dealing or communicating with 
frankness and sincerity ; honest ; open ; speaking and 
acting without art. 

PLAIN-DeAL'ING, n. A speaking or communicating 
with openness and sincerity ; management without art, 
stratagem or disguise ; sincerity. 

PLAIN-HEaRT'ED, a. Having a sincere heart ; communi- 
cating without art ; of a frank disposition. 

PLAIN-H:EaRT'ED-NESS, «. Frankness of disposition; 
sincerity. Hallywell. 

t PLaIN'ING, n. Complaint. Shah. 

PLAIN'LY, adv. 1. With a level surface ; [I. u.] 2. With- 
out cunning or disguise. 3. Without ornament or arti- 
ficial embellishment. 4. Frankly ; honestly ; sincerely. 
5. In earnest ; fairly. 6. In a manner to be easily seen 
or comprehended. 7. Evidently ; clearly ; not obscurely. 

PLAIN'NESS, n. 1. Levelness ; evenness of surface. 2. 
Want of ornament ; want of artificial show. 3. Open- 
ness ; rough, blunt or unrefined frankness. 4. Aitlessness ; 
simplicity ; candor. 5. Clearness ; openness ; sincerity. 

PLaIN'-SONG, n. The plain, unvaried chant of churches. 

PLaIN'-SFoK-EN, a. Speaking with plain, unreserved 
sincerity. Dryden. 

PLAINT, 71. [Ft. plainte.] 1. Lamentation ; complaint ; au- 
dible expression of sorrow. 2. Complaint ; representa- 
tion made of injury or wrong done. — 3. In laiv, a private 
memorial tendered to a court, in which the person sets 
forth his cause of action.— 4. In law, a complaint ; a 
formal accusation exhibited by a private person against an 
offender for a breach of law or a public offense. Laws of 
M. York and Conn. 

PLAINT-FUL, a. Complaining ; expressing sorrow with an 
audible voice. Sidney. 

PLAIN'TIFF, > w. [Fr. plaintif.] In law, the person who 

PLaIN'TIF, \ commences a suit before a tribunal, for 
the recovery of a claim ; opposed to defendant. 

PLAIN'TIVE, ffi. [Fr. plaintif .] 1. Lamenting ; complain- 
ing ; expressive of sorrow. 2. Complaining ; expressing 
sorrow or grief; repining. 

PLAIN'TIVE-LY, adv. In a manner expressive of grief. 

PLAIN'TIVE-NESS, n. The quality or state of expressing 
grief 

PLAINT'LESS, a. Without complaint ; unrepining. 

PLAIN'-WoRK, 71. Plain needlework, as distinguished 
from embroidery. Pope. 

PLAIT, 71. [W. pleth.] 1. A fold ; a doubling ; as of cloth. 
2. A braid of hair ; a tress. 

PLAIT, v.t. 1. To fold ; to double in narrow streaks. 2. To 
braid ; to interweave strands. 3. To entangle ; to involve. 

PLAIT'ED, pp. Folded ; braided ; interwoven. ; 

PLAIT'ER, n. One that plaits or braids. ' 



PLAIT'ING,;)pr. Folding; doubling; braiding. 

PLAN, n. [Fr., G., D., Dan., Sw.,Russ.plan.] 1. A draught 

or form ; properly, the representation of any thing drawn 

on a plane, as a map or chart. 2. A scheme devised ; a 

project. 
PLAN, v.t.l. To form a draught or representation of any 

intended work. 2. To scheme ; to devise ; to form in 

design. 
PLa'NA-RY, a. Pertaining to a plane. Diet. 
PLANCH, 77. t. [Fr. planche.] To plank; to cover with 

planks or boards. Gorges. 
PLANCHED, pp. Covered or made of planks or boards. 
PLANCHiER, n. A floor. Bacon. 

PLANCH-ER, V. i. To make a floor of wood. Sancroft. 
PLANCH'ET, 7J. [Fr. planchette.] A flat piece of metal or 

coin. Encyc. 
PLANCH'ING, 71. The laying of floors in a building ; also, 

a floor of boards or planks. Carew. 
PLANE, n. [from L. planus. See Plain.] 1. In geometry, 

an even or level surface, like plaijiin popular language. — 

2. In astronomy, an imaginary surface supposed to pass 
through any of the curves described on the celestial 
sphere. — 3. In joinery, an instrument used in smoothing 
boards. 

PLANE, 77. t. To make smooth ; to pa.e off the inequaliti(!S 
of the surface of a board or other piecv of wo^^d by the use 
of a plane. 2. To free from inequalitvs of surface. 

PLANED, pp. Made smooth with a plane ; leveled. 

PLaN'ER, 71. One who smooths with a pJane. Sherwood. 

PLAN'ET, ?i. [Fr. plajiete ; L., Sp., Port, planeta.] A ce- 
lestial body which revolves about the sun or other centre, 
or a body revolving about another planet as its centre. 

PLAN-E-TA'RI-UM, n. An astronomical machine which, 
by the movement of its parts, represents the motions and 
orbits of the planets. 

PLAN'E-TA-RY, a. [Fr. planetaire.] 1. Pertaining to tlie 
planets. 2. Consisting of planets. 3. Under the domin- 
ion or influence of a planet, [jistrology.] 4. Produced 
by planets. Shak. 5. Having the nature of a planet ; er- 
ratic or revolving. 

PLAN'ET-ED, a. Belonging to planets. Young. 

t PLA-NET'I-CAL, a. Pertaining to planets. Brown. 

]?LaNE'TREE, 71. [L. platanus ; Fr. plane, platane.] A 
tree of the genus platanus. 

PLAN'ET-STRUCK, a. Affected by the influence of plan- 
ets ; blasted. Suckling. 

PLA-NI-Fo'IJ-OUS, a. [L planus and folium.] Inbotany. 
a planifolious flower is one made up of plain leaves, set 
together in circular rows round the centre. 

PLA-NI-MET'RI€, i a. Pertaining to the mensuration 

PLA-NI-MET'RI-€AL, \ of plain surfaces. 

PLA-NIM'E-TRY, n. [L. planus, and Gr. ixerpew.] The 
mensuration of plain surfaces. 

PLA-NI-PET'A-LOUS, a. [L. planus, and Gr. nsraXov.] In 
botany, flat-leafed. 

PLAN'iSH, V. t. To make smooth or plain ; to polish ; used 
by manufacturers. Henry^s Chemistry. 

PLANTSHED, pp. Made smooth. 

PLAN'tSH-ING, ppr. Making smooth ; polishing. 

PLAN'I-SPHERE, n. [L. planus, and sphere.] A sphere 
projected on a plane. 

PLANK, 71. [Fr. planche; W. plane ; I), plunk; G., Dan. 
planke.] A broad piece of sawed timber, differing from 
a board only in being thicker. 

PLANK, V. t. To cover or lay with planks. 

PLANNED, pp. Devised ; schemed. 

PLAN'NER, n. One who plans or forms a plan ; a projec- 
tor. 

PLAN'NING, ppr. Scheming; devising; making a plan. 

PLA'NO-€ON'I-€AL, a. Plain or level on one side, and 
conical on the other. Orew. 

PLA'NO-CON'VEX, a. Plain or flat on one side, and convex 
on the other. JVewton. 

PLA'NO-HOR-I-ZON'TAL, a. Having a level horizontal 
surface or position. Lee. 

PLA'NO-SUB'U-LATE, a. Smooth and awl-shaped. 

PLANT, 71. [Fr. plante ; It.pianta; L.,Sp.,Port.,Sw.jpZa7t- 
ta ; D. plant.] 1. A vegetable ; an organic body, having 
the power of propagating itself by seeds. 2. A sapling. — 

3. In Scripture, a child ; a descendant ; the inhabitant of 
a country. Ps. cxliv. 4. The sole of the foot ; [little used.} 

PLANT, V. t. 1. To put in the ground and cover, as seed 
for growth. 2. To set in the ground for growth, as a 
young tree or a vegetable with roots. 3. To engfnder ; 
to set the germ of any thing that may increase. 4. To 
set ; to fix. 5. To settle ; to fix the first inhabitants ; to 
establish. 6. To furnish with plants ; to lay out and pre- 
pare with plants. 7. To set and direct or point. 8, To 
introduce and establish. 9. To unite to Christ and fix in 
a state of fellowship with him. Ps. xcii. 

PLANT, V. i. To perform the act of planting. Pope. 

PLANT'A-BLE, a. Capable of being planted. Edwards. 

t PLANT' A6E, n. [L. plantago.] An herb. Shak. ^ 



* See Synopsis. M5VE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z j CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



PLA 



616 



PLA 



PLANT'AiN, n. [Fr.] A plant of the genus jj^awtoj^o 

PLANT'AiN, I n. [Sp. platano.l A tree of the ge- 

PLAJVT'AIN-TREE, \ nus musa. 

t PLANT'AL, a. Belonging to plants. Glanville. 

PLANl'-A'TION, n. [L. plantatio.] 1. The act of planting 

^ or setting in the earth for growth. 2. The place planted ; 
applied to ground planted with trees, as an orchard or the 
like. — 3. In the United States and the West Indies, a culti- 
vated estate ; a farm. 4. An original settlement in a new 
country ; a town or village planted. B. Trumbull. 5. A 
colony Bacon 6. A first planting ; introduction ; estab- 
lishment. K. Charles. 

PLANT'-CANE, n. In the West Indies, the original plants 
of the sugar cane. Edwards. 

PLANT'ED, pp. 1. Set in the earth for propagation ; set ; 
fixed ; introduced ; established. 2. Furnished with seeds 
or plants for growth. 3. Furnished with the first inhabi- 
tants ; settled. 4. Filled or furnished with what is new. 

PLANT'ER, 71. 1. One that plants, sets, introduces or 
establishes. 2. One that settles in a new or uncultivated 
territory. 3. One who owns a plantation ; used in the 
West Indies and Southern States of America. 4. One that 
introduces and establishes. 

PLANT'ER-SHIP, n. The business of a planter. 

PLANT'I-CLE, 71. A young plant or plant in embryo. 

PLANT'ING, ppr Setting in the earth for propagation ; set- 
ting ; settling ; introducing ; establishing. 

PLANT'ING, n. The act or operation of setting in the 
ground for propagation, as seeds, trees, shrubs, &c. 

PLANT'-LOUSE, 7i. An insect that infests plants ; a vine- 
fretter ; the puceron. 

PLASH, 71. [D.plas.] 1. A small collection of standing 
water ; a puddle. 2. The branch of a tree partly cut or 
lopped and bound to other branches. 

PLASH, V. i. To dabble in water ; usually splash. 

PLASH, V. t. [Fr. plisser.} To interweave branches. In 
JVew England, to splice. 

PLASH'ING, ppr. Cutting and interweaving, as branches in 
a hedge 

PLASH'ING, 71. The act or operation of cutting and lopping 
small trees, and interweaving them, as in hedges. 

PLASH'Y, a. Watery ; abounding with puddles. Sandys. 

PLASM, n. [Gr. ^rXacrfia.] A mold or matrix in which any 
thing is cast or formed to a particular shape. [Little used.] 

PLASMA, n. A silicious mineral. Ure. 

PLAS-MAT'IC, la. Giving shape j having the power 

PLAS-MAT'I-€AL, \ of giving form. More. 

PLAS'TER, 71. [G.pfiaster; B.pleistre; Dan. plaster; Fr. 
pl&tre.] 1. A composition of lime, water and sand, well 
mixed into a kind of paste and used for coating walls and 
partitions of houses. — 2. In pharmacy, an external appli- 
cation of a harder consistence than an ointment. — Plaster 
of Paris, a composition of several species of gypsum dug 
near Montmartre, near Paris, in France, used in building 
and in casting busts and statues. — In popular language, 
this name is applied improperly to plaster-stone, or to any 
species of gypsum. 

PLAS'TER, V. t. 1. To overlay with plaster, as the parti- 
tions of a house, walls, &c. 2. To cover with a plaster, as 
a wound. — 3. In popular language, to smooth over ; to 
cover or conceal defects or irregularities. 

PLAS'TERED, pp. Overlaid with plaster. 

PLAS'TER-ER, n. 1. One that overlays with plaster. 2. 
One that makes figures in piaster. Wotton. 

PLAS'TER-ING, pj)r. Covering with or laying on plaster. 

PLAS'TER-ING, n. 1. The act or operation of overlaying 
with- plaster. 2. The plaster-work of a building ; a cov- 
ering of plaster. 

PLAS'TER-STONE, n. Gypsum, which see. 

PLAS'Tie, ) a. [Gr. -rrXaffriKos.] Having the power to 

PLAS'TI-€AL, ) give form or fashion to a mass of mat- 
ter. Prior. 

PLAS'TIC-I-TY, 71. The quality of giving form or shape to 
matter. Encyc. 

PLASTRON, 71. A piece of leather stufied, used by fencers 
to defend the body against pushes. Dryden. 

PLAT, V. t. To weave ; to form by texture. Ray. 

PLAT' ) 

PLAT'TING 1 ^* '^^^^ done by platting or interweaving. 

PLAT, 71. [Dan., D. plat ; Fr. plat ; G. platt.] A small 
piece of ground, usually a portion of flat, even ground. 

t PLAT, a. Plain ; flat. Chaucer. 

tPLAT, ady. 1 Plainly; flatly; downright. 2. Smoothly; 
even'y. 

PLa'TANE, 71. [L. platanus.] The plane-tree. Milton. 

PLAT'BAND, n. 1. A border of flowers in a garden, along 
a wall or the side of a parterre. — 2. In architecture, a flat 
square molding. 3. The lintel of a door or window. 4. 
A list or fillet between the flu tings of a column. 

PLATE, n. [D. plant ; G. plat te; Sw. platt; Dan., D.pZai.] 
1. A piece of metal, flat or extended in breadth. 2. Ar- 
mor of plate, composed of broad pieces. 3. A piece of 
wrought silver, as a dish or other shallow vessel ; hence. 



vessels of silver; wrought silver in general. 4, A small 
shallow vessel, made of silver or other metal, or of earth 
glazed and baked, from which provisions are eaten at 
table. 5. The prize given for the best horse in a race.— 6 
In architecture, the piece of timber which supports the 
ends of the rafters. 

PLATE, V. t. 1. To cover or overlay with plate or with 
metal ; used particularly of silver. 2, To arm with plate 
or metal for defense. 3. To adorn with plate. 4. To beat 
into thin flat pieces or lamens. 

PLaT'ED, pp. Covered or adorned with plate ; armed with 
plate ; beaten into plates. 

PLAT'EN, 71. Among printers, the flat part of a press by 
vvhich the impression is made. 

PLaTE'Y, a. Like a plate; flat. Gregory. 

PLAT'FORM, n. [plat and form.] 1. The sketch of any 
thing horizontally delineated; the ichnography. 2. A 
place laid out after any model.— 3. In the military art, an 
elevation of earth or a floor of wood or stone, on which 
cannons are mounted to fire on an enemy. — 4. In archi- 
tecture, a row of beams or a piece of timber which supports 
the timber- work of a roof, and lying on the top of the 
wall. 5. A kind of terrace or broad smooth open walk 
on the top of a building, as in the oriental houses.— 6. In 
ships, the orlop. 7. Any number of planks or other ma- 
terials forming a floor for any purpose. 8. A plan ; a 
scheme ; ground-work. Bacon. — 9. In JVew England, an 
ecclesiastical constitution, or a plan for the government 
of churches. 

*PLA-Ti'NA, \ n. [Sp. platina.] A metal discovered in 

*PLAT'I-NA, \ the mines of Choco, in Peru, nearly 

PLA-Ti'NUM, ) of the color of silver, but less bright, 
and the heaviest of the metals. 

PLAT'ING,p^r. Overlaying with plate or with a metal; 
beating into thin lamens. 

PLaT'ING, n. The art or operation of covering any thing 
with plate or with a metal, particularly of overlaying a 
baser metal with a thin plate of silver. 

PLA-TI-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [platina and/ero.] Producing 
platina; as platiniferous sand. 

PLA-TON'I€, a. Pertaining to Plato the philosopher, or to 
his philosophy, his school or his opinions.—Platonic love 
is a pure spiritual affection subsisting between the sexes, 
unmixed with carnal desires, and regarding the mind only 
and its excellencies. 

PLA-TON'I-€AL-LY, adv. After the manner of Plato. 

* PLa'TO-NISM, n. The philosophy of Plato, consisting of 
three branches, theology, physics and mathematics. 

* PLa'TO-NIST, ) n. One that adheres to the philosophy 
PLa'TO-NiZ-ER, \ of Plato ; a follower of Plato. 
PLa'TO-NiZE, v. i. To adopt the philosophy of Plato. 
PLa'TO-NiZE, v. t. To explain on the principles of the 

Platonic school, or to accommodate to those principles. 

PLa'TO-NiZED,^^. Accommodated to the philosophy of 
Plato. Evfield. 

PLa'TO-NiZ-ING, ppr. Adopting the principles of Plato ; 
accommodating to the principles of the Platonic school. 

PLAT-OON', 7?. [Fr. peloton.] A small square body of sol- 
diers or musketeers, drawn out of a battalion of foot wlien 
they form a hollow square, to strengthen the angles ; or a 
small body acting together, but separate from the main 
body. 

PLAT'TER, 71. 1. A large shallow dish for holding the pro- 
visions of a table. 2. One that plats or forms by weaving ; 
see Plat. 

PLAT'TER-FaCED, a. Having a broad face. 

PLAT'TING, ppr. Weaving ; forming by texture. 

PLAT'Y-PUS, n. A quadruped of New Holland. 

PLAUD'IT, 7!. [1,. plaudo.] Applause ; praise bestowed. 

PLAU-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. Speciou.sness ; superficial appear- 
ance of right. Swift. 

PLAUS'I-BLE, a. [L. plausibilis.] 1. That may be ap- 
plauded ; that may gain favor or approbation ; hence, 
superficially pleasing; apparently right ; specious; popu- 
lar. 2. Using specious arguments or discourse. 

PLAUS'I-BLE-NESS, n. Speciousness ; show of right or 
propriety. Sanderson. 

PLAQS'I-BLY, arfu. With fair show; speciously; in a 
manner adapted to gain favor or approbation. 

PLAUS'IVE, a. 1. Applauding ; manifesting praise. 2 
Plausible. 

PLAY, 2). i. [SslX. pleg an, plegian.] 1. To use any exercise 
for pleasure or recreation ; to do something not as a task 
or for profit, but for amusement. 2. To sport ; to frolick ; 
to frisk. 3. To toy ; to act with levity. 4 To trifle ; to 
act wantonly and thoughtlessly. 5. To do sonething 
fanciful ; to give a fanciful turn to. 6. Tc make sport, oi- 
practice sarcastic merriment. 7. To mock ; to p/actice 
illusion. 8. To contend in a game. 9. To practice a 
/trick or deception. 10. To perform on an instrument of 
music. 11. To move, or to move with alternate dilatatio.i 
and contraction. 12. To operate ; to act. 13. To move 
irregularly ; to wanton. 14. To act a part on the stage ; to 
personate a character. 15. To represent a standing char- 



SceSynrpsis. ', A, E, I, O, O, Y ZoTi^.- FAR, FALL, WHAT j—PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;- 



PLE 



617 



PLE 



acter. 16. To act in any particular character. 17. To 
move in any manner ; to move one way and anotlier. 

FLAY, V. t. 1. To put in action or motion. 2. To use an 
instrument of music. 3. To act a sportive part or cliarac- 
ter. 4. To act or perform by representing a character. 
5. To act 5 to perform. 6. To perform in contest for 
amusement or for a prize. — To play off, to display ; to 
show ; to put in exercise. — To play on or upon. 1. To de- 
ceive ; to mock or to trifle with. 2. To give a fanciful 
turn to. 

PLAY, n. 1. Any exercise or series of actions intended for 
pleasure, amusement or diversion, as cricket or quoit, 
or blind man 's-buff. 2. Amusement ; sport ; frolick ; 
gambols. 3. Game ; gaming ; practice of contending for 
victory, for amusement or for a prize, 4. Practice in any 
contest. 5. Action ; use ; employment ; office. 6. Prac- 
tice ; action ; manner of acting in contest or negotiation. 
7. A dramatic composition ; a comedy or tragedy ; a 
composition in which characters are represented by dia- 
logue and action. 8. Representation or exhibition of a 
comedy or tragedy. 9 Performance on an instrument of 
music. JO. Motion; movement, regular or irregular. 11. 
State of agitation or discussion. 12. Room for motion. 
13. Liberty of acting ; room for enlargement or display ; 
scope. 

PLaY'BILL, 71. A printed advertisement of a play, with 
the parts assigned to the actors. 

PLaY'BOOK, 71. A book of dramatic compositions. 

PLaY'-DXY, or PLaY'ING-DAY, n A day given to play 
or diversion : a day exempt from work. 

PLaY'DEBT,'m. a debt contracted by gaming. Arbuthnot. 

PLAYED, pp. Acted ; performed ; put in motion. 

PLaY'ER, n. 1. One who plays in any game or sport. 2. 
An idler. 3. An actor of dramatic scenes. 4. A mimic. 
5. One who performs on an instrument of music. 6. A 
gamester. 7^ One that acts a part in a certain manner. 

PLaY'F EL-LoW, n. A companion in amusements or 
sports. 

PLaY'FIJL, a. 1. Sportive ; given to levity. 2. Indulging 
a sportive fancy. 

t PLaY'FERE, M. [pZa?/ and/ere. See Fere.] A play-fellow. 

PLaY'FUL-LY, adn In a sportive manner. 

PLaY'FUL-NESS, n. Sportiveness. 

PLaY'GAME, n. Play of children. Locke. 

PLaY'HOUSE, n. A house appropriated to the exhibition of 
dramatic compositions ; a theatre. Pope. 

PLaY'MATE, n. A play-fellow ; a companion in diversions 
More. 

f PLaY'-PLEAS-URE, n. Idle amusement. Bacon. 

PLaY'SoME, a. Playful; wanton. Shclton. 

PLaY'SoME-NESS, n. Playfulness ; wantonness. 

PLaY'THING, 71. A toy ; any thing that serves to amuse. 

PLaY'WRIGHT, 71. A maker of plays. Pope. 

PLeA, 71. [Norm plait, plet, plaid, pie ; Fr. plaidoye^.] 1. 
In law, that which is alledged by a party in support of his 
demand ; but in a more limited and technical sense, the 
answer of the defendant to the plaintiff's declaration and 
demand. 2. A cause in court ; a lawsuit, or a criminal 
process. Laws of Mass. 3. That which is alledged in de- 
fense or justification ; an excuse ; an apology. 4. Urgent 
prajer or entreaty. 

f PLeACH, v. t. [Fr. pUsser.'] To bend ; to interweave. 

PLeAD, 7). i. \¥r.plaider.'] 1. Ins. general sense, to 'ArgVie 
in support of a claim, or in defense against the claim of 
another.— 2. In law, to present an answer to the declara- 
tion of a plaintiff. 3. To urge reasons for or against; to 
attempt to persuade one by argument or supplication. 4. 
To supplicate with earnestness. 5. To urge ; to press by 
operating on the passions. 

PLeAD, v. t. 1. To discuss, defend and attempt to main- 
tain by arguments or reasons offered to the tribunal or 
person who has the power of determining. 2. To alledge 
or adduce in proof, support or vindication. 3. To offer in 
excuse. 4. To alledge and offer in a legal plea or defense, 
or for repelling a demand in law.— 5. In Scripture, to 
plead the cause of the righteous, as God, is to vindicate 
them against enemies. 

PLeAD'A-BLE, a. That may be pleaded; that may be 
aljedged in proof, defense or vindication. Dryden. 

PLeAD'ED, pp. Offered or urged in defense ; alledged in 
proof or support. 

PLeAD'ER, n. [Fr. plaideur.] 1. One who argues in a 
court of justice. Swift. 2. One that forms pleas or plead- 
ings. 3. One that offers reasons for or against; one that 
attempts to maintain by arguments. 

PLeAD'ING, ppr. Offering in defense ; supporting by ar- 
guments or reasons ; supplicating, 

PLeAD'ING, n. The art of supporting by arguments, or of 
reasoning to persuade. 

PLeAD'INGS, n. In law, the mutual altercations between 
the plaintiff and defendant, or written statements of the 
parties in support of their claims. 

fPLEAS'ANCE, (plez'anse) 71. [Fr. plaisance.\ Gayety; 
pleasantry ; merriment. Spenser. 



PLEAS'ANT, (plez'ant) a. [Fr. plaisant.] 1. Pleasing, 
agreeable ; grateful to the mind or to the senses. 2 
Cheerful ; enlivening. 3. Gay ; lively ; humorous ; sport- 
ive. 4. Trifling ; adapted rather to mirth than use. 6. 
Giving pleasure ; gratifying. 

PLEAS'ANT-LY, (plez'ant-ly) adv. 1. In euch a manner 
as to please or gratify. 2. Gayly ; merrily; in good hu- 
mor. 3. Lightly ; ludicrously. 

PLEAS'ANT-NESS, (plez ant-nes) ti. 1. State of being 
pleasant -or agreeable 2. Cheerfulness ; gayety ; merri- 
ment. 

PLEAS'ANT-RY, (plez'ant-ry) 71. [Fr. plaisanterie.] 1. Gay- 
ety ; merriment. 2. Sprightly saying ; lively talk ; eftu- 
sion of humor. 

PLEASE, 7J. t. [Fr. plaire, plaisant j h. placeo.] 1. To ex- 
cite agreeable sensations or emotions in ; to gratify. Pope. 
2. To satisfy ; to content. 3. To prefer ; to have satisfac- 
tion in ; to like ; to choose 

PLeASE, v. i. 1. To like ; to choose ; to prefer. 2. To 
condescend ; to comply ; to be pleased ; a word of cere- 
inony. 

PLEASED, p;?. Gratified ; affected with agreeable sensations 
or emotions. 

f PLeAS'ED-LY, adv. In a way to be delighted. Feltham. 

PLeASE'MAN, 71. An officious person who courts favor 
servilely; a pickthank. Shak. 

PLeAS 'ER, 71. One that pleases or gratifies ; one that courts 
favor by humoring or flattering compliances or a show of 
obedience. 

PLEAS'INGjppr. Gratifying ; exciting agreeable sensations 
or^ emotions in. 

PLeAS'ING, a. 1. Giving pleasure or satisfaction ; agree- 
able to the senses or to the mind. 2. Gaining approbation. 

PLeAS'ING, 71. The act of gratifying. 

PLeAS'ING-LY, ado. In such a manner as to give pleas 
ure. 

PLeAS'ING-NESS, 71. The quality of giving pleasure. 

PLEAS'UR-A-BLE, (plezh'ur-a-bl) a. Pleasing; giving 
pleasure ; affording gratification. Bacon. 

PLEAS'UR-A-BLY, adv. With pleasure ; with gratification 
of the senses or the mind. Harris. 

PLEAS'UR-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of giving pleas- 
ure. 

PLEAS'URE, (plezh'ur) n. [Fr. plaisir.'] 1. The gratification 
of the senses or of the mind ; agreeable sensations or 
emotions ; the excitement, relish or happiness produced by 
enjoyment or the expectation of good ; opposed to pain 
2. Sensual or sexual gratification. 3. Approbation. 4 
What the will dictates or prefers ; will ; choice ; purpose , 
intention ; command. 5. A favor ; that which pleases. 
6. Arbitrary will or choice. 

PLEAS'URE, (plezh'ur) 7;. t. To give or afford pleasure to ; 
to please ; to gratify. Shak. 

PLEAS'URE-BoAT, n. A boat appropriated to sailing for 
amusement. 

PLEAS'URE-CAR-RIAGE, n. A carriage for pleasure. 

PLEAS'URE-FUL, a. Pleasant ; agreeable. [L. u.] Abbot. 

PLEAS'URE-GROUND, n. Ground laid out in an orna- 
mental manner and appropriated to amusement. 

i?LEAS'UR-lST, 71. A person devoted to worldly pleasure 
[Little used.'] Broicn. 

PLE-Be'IAN, (ple-be'yan) a. [It. plebeio ; L. pleb'ehis.] 1. 
Pertaining to the common people ; vulgar. 2. Consisting 
of common people. 

PLE-Be'I AN, n. One of the common people or lower ranks 
of men. [Usually applied to the common people of ancient 
Rome.'] Swift. 

t PLE-Be'IANCE, n. The common people. 

PLECK, 71. A place. Craven dialect. 

PLEDGE, 71. [Fr. plcige ; Norm, plegg.] 1. Something put 
in pawn ; that which is deposited with another as secu- 
rity ; a pawn. 2. Any thing given or considered as a 
security for the performance of an act. 3. A surety ; a 
hostage. Dryden. — 4. In law, a gage or security, real or 
personal, given for the repayment of money.— 5. In law^ 
bail ; surety given for the prosecution of a suit, or for the 
appearance of a defendant, or for restoring goods taken in 
distress and replevied. 6. A warrant to secure a person 
from injury in Ann^mg.— To put in pi edge, to pawn.— To 
hold in pledge, to keep as security. 

PLEDGE, 7;. «. [Fr. pie iger.] 1. To deposit in pawn. 2 
To give as a warrant or security. 3. To secure by a 
pledge. Shak. 4. To invite to drink by accepting the cup 
or health after another. Johnson. 

PLEDGED, pp. Deposited as security ; given in warrant. 

PLEDG-EE', n. The person to whom any thing is pledged 

PLEDG'ER, 77. 1. One that pledges or pawns any thing ; 
one that warrants or secures. 2. One that accepts the in- 
vitation to drink after another, or that secures another by 
drinking. 

t PLED6'ER-Y, 71. A pledging; suretiship. Encyc. 

PLEDG'ET, 71. In surgery, a compress, or small, flat tent of 
lint, laid over a wound to imbibe the matter discharged 
and keep it clean. 



See Syjiopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BtJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



PLl 



618 



PLO 



PLED6'1J\G, ppr. Depositing in pawn or as security ; giv- 

ingwarrant for security or safety. 
*PLe'IADS, (plg'yadz) n. [h. pleiades ; Gx. i:\sta5Ei.'] 

Jo astronomy, a cluster of seven stars in the neck of the 

constellation Taurus, 
t PLe'NAL, a. Full. Beauviont. 
*PLE'NA-RT-LY,a<fu. Fully j completely. Ayliffc. 

* PLE'NA^g-f-NESS, n. Fullness ; completeness. 
PLEN'AR-TY; n. The state of a benefice when occupied. 
^PLE'NA-RYjiij. [1,. plenus j Fi. plein ; It. pleriario.] 

FuU^ entire jpsmplete. Encyc. 

* t PLe'NA-RY^. Decisive procedure, .dyliffe. 
PLEN-I-Lu'NA?RY, a. Relating to the full moon. 

t PLEN'I-LUNE, 71. [L. plenilunium.] The full moon. B. 
Jons on. 

PLE-NIP'O-TENCE, n. [L. plenus and potentia.] Fullness 
or completeness of power. Milton. 

PLE-NIP'0-TENT, a. [L. plenipotens.] Possessing full 
power. Milton. 

PLEN-IP-O-TEN'TIA-RY, n. [Fr. plenipotentiaire.] A per- 
son invested with full power to transact any business ; 
usually, an embassador or envoy to a foreign couit fur- 
nished with full power. 

PLEN-IP-O-TEN'TIA-RY, a. Containing full power. 

t PLEIv'ISH, for replenish. 

PLe'NIST, n. [L. plenus.] One who maintains that ail 
space is full of matter. Boyle. 

PLEN'I-TUDE, n. [1,. plenitude] 1. Fullness. 2. Reple- 
tion ; animal fullness ; plethora ; redundancy of blood and 
liumors in the animal body. Encyc. 3. Fullness ; com- 
plete competence. 4. Completeness. 

* PLExV'TE-OUS, a. 1. Abundant ; copious ; plentiful ; suf- 
ficient for every purpose. 2. Yielding abundance. 3. 
I!avi]ig an abundance. 4. Possessing in abundance and 
ready to bestow liberally. Ps. Ixxxvi. 

* PLEN'TE-OUS-LY, adv. In abundance ; copiously ; plen- 

tifully. Milton. 

*PLEN'TE-OUS-NESS, n. Abundance; copious supply; 
plenty. 

PLEN'TI-FUL, a. 1. Copious; abundant; adequate to ev- 
ery purpose. 2. Yielding abundant crops ; affording am- 
ple supply ; fruitful 

PLEN'TI-FUL-LY, adv. Copiously ; abundantly ; with am- 
ple supply. Addison. 

PLEN'TI-FIJL-NESS, n. The state of being plentiful ; 
abundance! 2. The quality of affording full supply. 

PLEN TY, n. [L. plenus.] 1. Abundance ; copiousness ; 
full or adequate supply. 2. Fruitfulness ; a poetic use. 

PLENTY, a. Plentiful ; being in abundance. Goldsmith. 
Franklin. 

PLe'NUM, n. [L.] Fullness ©f matter in space. 

PLe'0-NASM, 71. [L. pleojiasmus.] Redundancy of words 
in speaking or writing ; the use of more words to express 
ideas, than are necessary. 

PLe'O-IVASTE, 71. [Gr. TrXtovaaTOs.] A mineral. 

PLE-0-NAS'TI€, ) a. Pertaining to pleonasm ; par- 

PLE-0-NAS'TI-€AL, \ taking of pleonasm ; redundant. 

PLE-0-NAS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. With redundancy of words. 

PLE-ROPH'0-RY, 71. [Gr. n\vpo(popia.] Full persuasion or 
confidence. [Little used.] Hall. 

t PLESH, for plash. Spenser. 

PLETH'0-RA, n. [Gr. n\rido)pa.] In medicine, fullness of 
blood ; excess of blood ; repletion. Parr. 

PLETH-0-RET'I€. The same as plethoric. 

PLETH'0-RI€, a. Having a full habit of body, or the ves- 
sels overcharged with fluids. Arbuthnot. 

PLETH'0-RY. See Plethora. 

PLETH'RON, \ n. [Gr. Tx\edpov.] A square measure used 

PLETH'RUM, S in Greece. 

PLEu'RA, 71. [Gr.] In anatomy, a thin membrane which 
covers the inside of the thorax. 

PLEU'RI-SY, 7!. [Gr. nXtvpirii ; Fr. plcuresie.] An inflam- 
mation of the pleura or membrane that covers the inside 
of the thorax. 

PEEU-RITIC, ) a. 1. Pertaining to pleurisy. 2. Dis- 

PEEU-RIT'I-€AL, ^ eased with pleurisy. 

tPLEV'IN, n. [Old Fr.] A warrant of assurance. 

PLEX'I-FORM, a. [L. plexus and for7n.] In the form of 
net-work ; complicated. Qjiincy. 

PLEX'US, 71. [L.] Any union of vessels, nerves or fibres, 
in the form of net-work. Coxe. 

PLI-A-BIL'I-TY, 7!, The quality of bending or yielding to 
pressure or force without rupture ; flexibility ; pliableness. 

PLT'A-BLE, a. [Fr ] 1. Easy to be bent; that readily 
yields to pressure without rupture ; flexible. 2. Flexible 
in disposition ; readily yielding to moral influence, argu- 
ments, persuasion or discipline. 

PLT'A-BLE-NESS, n. Flexibility ; the quality of yielding 
to force or to moral influence ; pliability. 

PLi'AN-CY, n. 1. Easiness to be bent ; in a physical sense. 
-2. Readiness to yield to moral influence. 

PLi'ANT, a. [Fr ] 1. That may be easily bent ; readily 
yielding to force or pressure without breaking ; flexible ; 



flexile ; lithe ; limber. 2. That may be easily tormed or 
molded to a different shape. 3. Easily yielding to moral 
influence ; easy to be persuaded ; ductile. 

PLi'ANT-NESS, n. Flexibility. Bacon. 

PLi'CA, n. [L.] The plica polonica is a disease of the hair 
peculiar to Poland and the neighboring countries. 

PLi'CATE, I a. [1.. plicatus.] Plaited ; folded hke a fan 

PLl'€A-TED, \ Lee. 

PLI-€a'TION, n. [L. plico.] A folding or fold. 

* PLI€ A-TURE, n. [L. plicatura.] A fold ; a doublmg. 

PLl'ERS, 71. plu. [Fr. plier.] An instrument by which any 
small thi)ig is seized and bent. Moxon. 

PLi'FORM, a. [Fr.] In the form of a fold. 

PLIGHT, (plite) v. t. [Sax. plihtan.] 1. To pledge ; to give 
as security for the performance of some act. 2. To 
weave ; to braid ; [obs.] 

PLIGHT, (plite) n. 1. Literally, a state of being involved, 
[L. plicatus ;] hence, perplexity, or a distressed state. 2. 
Condition; state; and sometimes good case. 3. Pledge; 
gage. 4. A fold, IL. plica ;] a double ; a plait ; [o&s.] 5. 
A garment ; [o&s.]" Chapman. 

PLTGHT'ED, (pllted) pp. Pledged. 

PLIGHT'ER, cpli'ter) n. One that pledges ; that which 
plights. 

PLTGHT'ING, (pli'ting) ppr. Pledging. 

t PLIM, V. i. To swell. Grose. 

PLINTH, 71. [Gr. JiXivQof.] In architecture, a. ^a.t, square 
member in form of a brick, which serves as the foundation 
of a column. 

PLOD, V. i. [qu. D. plots.] 1. To travel or work slowly, or 
with steady, laborious diligence. 2. To study heavily 
with steady diligence. 3. To toil ; to drudge. 

PLOD'DER, 71. A dull, heavy, laborious person. Shak. 

PLOD'DING, ppr. 1. Traveling or laboring with slow 
movement and steady diligence ; studying closely but 
heavily. 2. a. Industrious; diligent, but slow in coniri- 
vance or execution. 

PLOD'DING, n. Slow movement or study with steadiness 
or persevering industry. Prideaux. 

PLOOK, 71. A pimple. Grose. 

PLOT, n. [a different orthography of /iZat.] 1. A plat or 
small extent of ground. 2. A plantation laid out. 3. A 
plan or scheme. — 4. In surveying, a plan or draught of a 
field, farm or manor surveyed and delineated on paper. 

PLOT, V. t. To make a plan of; to delineate. Carew. 

PLOT, 7?. 1. Any scheme, stratagem or plan, of a compli 
cated nature, or consisting of many parts, adapted to the 
accomplishment of some purpose, usually a mischievous 
one. — 2. In dramatic writings, the knot or intrigue ; the 
story of a play, comprising a complication of incidents 
which are at last unfolded by unexpected means. 3. 
Contrivance ; deep reach of thought; ability to plot. 

PLOT, ?;. i. ]. To form a scheme of mischief against an- 
other, or against a government or those who administer 
it. 2. To contrive a plan ; to scheme. 

PLOT, V. t. To plan ; to devise ; to contrive. Dryden. 

PLOT'TED, pp. Contrived ; planned. 

PLOT'TER, n. 1. One that plots or contrives ; a contriver. 
Shak. 2. A conspirator. Dryden. 

FIjOT'TING, ppr. Contriving; planning; forming an evil 
design. 

PLOUGH, ) n. [Norm., Sax. ploge ; D, ploeg ; Ban. ploug, 

PLOW, \ plov ; Ice. plog j Scot, pleuch, pleugh.] 1. In 
affriculture, an instrument for turning up, breaking and 
preparing the ground for receiving the seed. — 2. Figura- 
tively, tillage ; culture of the earth ; agriculture. 3. A 
joiner's instrument for grooving. 

PLOUGH, V. t. 1. To trench and turn up with a plough 
2. To furrow ; to divide ; to run through in sailing. 3. 
To tear; to furrow. — 4. In Scripture, to labor in any 
calling. 

PLOUGH'-ALMS, n. A penny formerly paid by every 
plough-land to the chmxh. Coicel. 

PLOUGH'-BoTE, n. In English la^c, wood or timber al- 
lowed to a tenant for the repair of instruments of hus- 
bandry. 

PLOUGH'-BOY, 71. A boy that drives or guides a team in 
ploughing ; a rustic boy. Watts. 

PLOUGHED, pp. Turned up with a plough ; furrowed. 

PLOUGH'ER, 71. One that ploughs land ; a cultivator. 

PLOUGH'ING, ppr. Turning up with a plough ; furrowing. 

PLOUGH'ING, 71. The operation of turning up ground with 
a plough. 

PLOUGH'-LAND, n. Land that is ploughed, or suitable for 
tillage. 

PLOUGH'MAN, n. 1. One that ploughs or holds a plough. 
2. A cultivator of grain ; a husbandman. 3. A rustic ; a 
countryman ; a hardy laborer. 

PLOUGH'-MoN-DAY, v. The Monday after Twelfth-day 

PLOUGH'SHARE, n. The part of a plough which cuts the 
ground at the bottom of the furrow, and raises the slice tn 
the mold-board, which turns it over. 

PLoV'BR, 71. [Fr. pluvier.] The common name of several 



* Sec Synopsis. A, E, T, O, tj, Y, long.— FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PtN, MARINE, BIRD : 



t Obsolete. 



PLU 



619 



PLY 



species of birds that frequent the banks ot rivers and the 
seii shore. 
PLU€K, V- t. [Sax. pluccian ; G. pfliicken ; D. pliikken ; 
Ban. plujcker j Fr. eplucher.] 1. To pull with sudden 
force or effort, or to pull off, out or from, with a twitch. 

2. To strip by plucking ; as, to pluck a fowl. 
rLU€K, 71. The heart, liver and lights of an animal. 
PLUCKED, pp. Pulled off; stripped of feathers or hair. 
PLUCK'ER, 71. One that plucks. Mortimer. 
Fl.lJ€KiUiG, ppr. Pulling oft"; stripping. 

PLUG, n. [D. plug.] A stopple ; any piece of pointed wood 

or other substance used to stop a liole, but larger than a 

peg or spile. 
PLUG, V. t. To stop with a plug ; to make tight by stopping 

a hole. 
PLUM, ?i. {^diX. plume.'] 1. The fruit of a tree belonging to 

tJie gannsprunus. 2. A grape dried in the sun ; a raisin. 

3. The sura of £100,000 sterling. 4. A kind of play, 
f PLUM, a. The old word for plump. Florio. 
PLu'MAGE, 71. [Fr.] The feathers that cover a fowl. 
PLUMB, (plum) 71. yFx.plomb ; S^.plomo.] A mass of lead 

attached to a line, and used to ascertain a perpendicular 
position of buildings and the like. 

PLUMB, a. Perpendicular, that is, standing according to a 
plumb-line. 

PLUMB, adv. 1. In a perpendicular direction ; in a line 
perpendicular to the plane of the horizon. 2. Directly ; 
suddenly ; at once. 

PLUMB, u. t. 1. To adjust by a plumb-line; to set in a 
perpendicular dii-ection. 2. [VV, plymiaw.] To sound 
with a plummet, as the depth of water ; [little used.] Swift. 

PLUM-BAG'I-NOUS, a. Resembling plumbago ; consisting 
of plumbago, or partaking of its properties. 

PLUM-Ba'GO, 71. [L.] A mineral consisting of carbon and 
iron ; used for pencils, &c. 

PLUM'BE-AN, I a. 1. Consisting of lead ; resembling lead. 

PLUM'BE-OUS, \ 2. Dull; heavy; stupid. 

PLUMBED, (plumd) pp. Adjusted by a plumb-line. 

PLUMBER, (plum'mer) n. One who works in lead. 

PLUMB'ER-Y, (plum'mer-y) n. 1. Works in lead ; manu- 
factures of lead ; the place where lead is wrought. 2. 
The art of casting and working lead, or of making sheets 
and pipes of lead. 

PLUM-BIF'ER-OUS, a. [h. plumbum and fero.] Producing 
lead. Kirwan. 

PLUMB'-LINE, (plum'-llne) n. A line perpendicular to 
the plane of the horizon. 

PLUM'-€AKE, 71. Cake containing raisins or currants. 

PLUME, 7?. [Yr. plume.] 1. The feather of a fowl, jjariint- 
larly, a large feather. 2. A feather woni as an ornament, 
particularly, an ostrich's feather. 3. Pride ; towering 
mien. 4 Token of honor ; prize of contest. 

PLUxME, or PLu'MULE, n. In botany, the ascending scaly 
part of the corculum or heart of a seed. 

PLUME, V. t. ]. To pick and adjust plumes or feathers. 
2. To strip of feathers ; as, carnivorous animals will not 
take pains to plume the birds they devour. 3. To strip ; 
to peel. 4. To set as a plume; to set erect. 5. To adorn 
with feathers or plumes. 6. To pride ; to value ; to 
boast. 

PLUME-AL'UM, n. A kind of asbestus. TVilkiris. 

PLuME'LESS, a. Without feathers or plumes. 

PLU-MIG'ER-OUS, a. [L. pluma and gero.] Feathered ; 
having feathers. 

PLu'MI-PED, a. Having feet covered with feathers. 

PLu MI-PED, 71. [L. plmna and ^e^.] A fowl that has 
feathers on its feet. Diet. 

PLUM'MET, 71. [Sp. ploviada.] 1. A long piece of lead at- 
taclied to a line, used in sounding the depth of water. 2. 
An instrument used by carpenters, masons, &c. in adjust- 
ing erections to a perpendicular line, and, with a square, 
to determine a horizontal line. 3. Any weight. 4. A 
piece of lead used by school-boys to rule their paper for 
writing. 

PLUM' MING, n. Among miners, the operation of finding 
the place where to sink an air-shaft. 

PLUMOSE, or PLU'MOUS, a. [L. plumosiis.] 1. Feathery; 
resembling featJiers.— 2. In botany, a plumose bristle is one 
that has hairs growing on the sides of tlie main bristle. 

PLU-MOS'I-TY, 71. The state of having feathers. 

PLUMP, a. [Dan. plomp : Sw. plump ; D. ploinp ; G. plump.] 
1. Full ; swelled with fat or flesh to the full size ; fat ; 
having a full skin ; round. 2. Full ; blunt ; unreserved ; 
unqualified. 

PLUMP, n. A knot ; a cluster ; a clump ; a number of 
things closely united or standing together. 

PLUMP, V. t. To swell ; to extend to fullness ; to dilate ; 
to fatten. [Colloquial.] 

PLUMP, V. i. [G. plumpen.] 1. To plunge or fall like a 
Jieavy mass or lump of dead matter ; to fall suddenly or 
at once. 2. To enlarge to fullness ; to be swelled 

PLUMP, adv. Suddenly ; heavily ; at once, or with a sud- 
den, heavy fall. B. Jonson. 

PLUMP'ER, n. 1. Something carried in the mouth to dilate 



the cheeks ; any thing intended to swell out something 
else. 2. A full, unqualified lie : [in vulgar use.] 

PLUMP'LY, adv. Fully ; roundly ; without reserve. 

PLUMPNESS, 71. Fullness of skin ; distention to roundness. 

PLUM-POR'RIDGE, n. Porridge with pluma. Addison. 

PLUM-PIJD'DING, 74. Piidding containing raisins or cur- 
rants. 

PLUMP'Y, a. Plump ; fat ; jolly. [J^ot elegant.] Shak. 

PLUM'-TREE, 71. A tree that produces plums. 

PLu'MULE, 71. [lu. plumula.] The ascending scaly part of 
the embryo plant, which becomes the stem. 

PLuM'Y, a. [irom. plume.] 1. Feathered; covered with 
feathers. Milton. 2. Adorned with plumes. 

PLUNDER, V. t. [G. plundern.] 1. To pillage ; to spoil 
to strip ; to take the goods of an enemy by open force. 2 
To take by pillage or open force. 3. To rob, as a thief 
to take from ; to strip. 

PLUN'DER, n. 1. That which is taken from an enemy by 
force ; piUage ; prey ; spoil. 2. That which is takeji by 
theft, robbery or fraud 

PLUN'DERED, pp. Pillaged ; robbed 

PLUN'DER-ER, 71. I. A hostile pillager ; a spoiler. 2. A 
thief; a robber. Addison. 

PLUN'pER-ING,pi;7-. PiUaging ; robbing. 

PLUNGE, V. t. [Fr. plonger.] 1. To thrust into water Oi 
other fluid substance, or into any substance that is pene- 
trable ; to immerse in a fluid ; to drive into flesh, &c. 2 
To thrust or drive into any state in which the thing is 
considered as enveloped or surrounded. 3. To baptize by 
immersion. 

PLUNGE, V. i. 1. To pitch ; to thrust or drive one's self into 
water or a fluid ; to dive or to rush in. 2. To fall or rusli 
into distress or any state or circumstances in which the 
person or thing is enveloped, inclosed or overwhelmed 
3. To pitch or throw one's self headlong. 

PLUNGE, 7i. 1. The act of thrusting iiito water or any 
penetrable substance. 2. Difliculty ; strait ; distress ; a 
state of being surrounded or overwhelmed with difficul- 
ties. 

PLUNGED, pp. Thrust into a fluid or other penetrable sub- 
stance ; immei-sed; involved in straits. 

PLUN'GEON, n. A sea fowl. Ainsworth. 

PLUNG'ER, 7;. 1. One that plunges ; a diver. 2. A cylin- 
der used as a forcer in pumps. 

PJiUNG'ING, ;;/).-. Immersing; diving; rushing headlong 

tPLUNG'Y, a. Wet. Chaucer. 

PLUNK'ET, n. A kind of blue color. Ainsworth. 

PLu'RAL, a. [L.. pluralis.] 1. Containing more than one j 
consisting of two or more, or designating two or more. — 
2. In grammar, the plural number is that which designates 
more than one. 

PLu'RAL-IST, 77. A clerk or clergyman who holds more 
ecclesiastical benefices tlian one, with cure of souls. 

PLU-RAL'I-TY, 71. [Fr. pluralite.] 1. A number consisting 
of two or more of the same kind. 2. A state of being or 
having a greater number. — 3. In elections, a plurality uf 
votes is when one candidate has more votes than any 
other. — 4. Plurality of benefices is where the same clerk 
is possessed of more benefices than one, with cure of 
souls. 

PLu'RAL-LY, adv. In a sense implying more than one. 

PLU-RI-LIT'ER-AL, a. [L. plus and litera.] Containing 
rnore lettei-s than tliree. 

PLu-RI-LIT'ER-AL, n. A word consisting of more letters 
than three. 

tPLu'RI-SY, «. [L.plusyplurls.] Superabundance. 

PLUS, [L. more.] In algebra, a character marked thus, -|- 
used as the sign of addition. 

PLUSH, 77. [G. plusch.] Shag; a species of shaggy cloth or 
stuff with a velvet nap. 

PLUSHER, n. A marine fish. Careio. 

PLU-To'NI-AN, a. Plutonic, which see. 

PLU-To'NI-AN, 71. One who maintains the origin of moun- 
tains, &c. to be from fire. Journ. of Science. 

PLU-TON'ie, a. [from Pluto] Pertaining to or designating 
the system of the Plutonists. Kincan. 

PLtJ'TO-NIST, 71. One who adopts the theory of the forma- 
tion of the world in its present state from igneous fusion 

PLt)'VI-OUS "" ^^' -P^"^^<^^'*'] liainy ; humid. Broicn. 

PLu'VI-AL, n. [Fr. pluvial.] A priest's cope. Ainsworth. 

PLU-VI-AM'E-TER, n. [L. pluvia and Gr. het^ov.] Aram 
gage, an instrument for ascertaining the quantity of wa- 
ter that falls in rain, or in rain and snow. 

PLU-VI-A-MET'RI-CAL, a. Pertaining to a pluviameter ; 
made or ascertained by a pluviameter. 

PLY, V. t. [Fr. plier.] 1. To lay on, to put to or on with 
force and repetition. 2. To ernploy with diligence ; to ap- 
ply closely and steadily ; to keep busy. 3. To practice 
or perform with diligence. 4. To urge ; to solicit with 
pressing or persevering importunity. 5. To urge ; to 
press ; to strain ; to force. 

PLY, V. i. 1. To bend ; to yield. 2. To work steadily. 3 
To go in haste. 4. To busy one's self; to be steadily 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this f Obsolete 



POE 



620 



POI 



employed. 5. To endeavor to make way against the 
wind. 

PLY, ». 1. A fold ; a plait. 2. Bent ; turn ; direction j bias. 

PLY'ER, n. He or that which plies. In fortification, plyers 
denotes a kind of balance used in raisii>g and letting 
down a drawbridge. 

PLY'ING, ppr. Laying on with steadiness or repetition ; 
applying closely ; employing ; performing. 

PLY'LNG, n. I. Urgent solicitation. Hammond. 2. Effort to 
make way against the wind. 

PNEU-MAT'ie, (nu-mat'ik) ) a. [Gr. ^ive.vnariKos.'] 

PNEU-MAT'I-€AL, (nu-mat'e-kal) \ 1. Consisting of air, 
as a chin compressible substance. 2. Pertaining to air, or 
to the philosophy of its properties. 3. Moved or played 
by means of air. 

PNEU-MAT'1€S, n. 1. In natural philosophy, that branch 
which treats of air.— In chemistry, that branch which 
treats of the gases.— 2. In the schools, the doctrine of 
spiritual substances, as God, angels, and the souls of men. 
Diet. 

PNEU-MAT'0-CeLE, n [Gr. nvcufia and Krinr).'] In surge- 
ry, a distension of the scrotum by air. 

PNEU-MA-TO-LOfi'l-CAL, a. Pertaining to pneuma- 
tology. 

PNEU-MA-T0L'0-6IST, n. One versed in pneumatology. 

PNEU-MA-TOL'0-6Y, n. [Gr. jri/eujua and jroyo?.] 1. The 
doctrine of the properties of elastic fluids, or of spiritual 
substances. 2. A treatise on elastic fluids, or on spiritual 
substances. 

PNEU-MO'NI-A, I n. [Gr. nvevumi, from rtVEW.] In medi- 

PNEu'MO-NY, \ cine, an inflammation of the lungs. 

PNEU-MON'I€, a. Pertaining to the lungs ; pulmonic. 

PNEU-MON'I€, 71. A medicine for affections of the lungs. 
Coxe. 

Poach, v. t. [Fr. pochsr.] 1. To boil slightly. 2. To dress 
by boiling slightly and mixing in a soft mass. 3. To be- 
gin and not complete. 4. To tread soft ground, or snow 
and water, Jis cattle, whose feet penetrate the soil or soft 
substance and leave deep tracks. JVew England. 5. To 
steal game ; properly, to pocket game, or steal it and con- 
vey it away in a bag. England. 6. To steal 3 to plunder 
by stealth. 

Po ACH, V. t. [Corn. pokJda.] To stab ; to pierce ; to spear. 
England. 

PoACH, V. i. To be trodden with deep tracks, as soft 
ground. Mortimer. 

PoACH'ARD, I n. A fresh-water duck of an excellent 

POCH'ARD, \ taste. 

Poached, pp. SUghtly boiled or softened ; trodden with 
deep footsteps ; stolen. 

PoACH'ER, n. One that steals game. More. 

PoACH'I-NESS, n. Wetness and softness ; the state of be- 
ing easily penetrable by the feet of beasts. 

PoACH'Y", a. Wet and soft ; such as the feet of cattle will 
penetrate to some depth. 

POCK, n. [Sax. poc, or pocc ; D. pok ; G. pocke.] A pustule 
raised on the surface of the body in the variolous and 
vaccine diseases, named, from the pustules, small-pox. 

f POeK'ARRED, a. Marked with the small-pox. Grose. 

FOeK'FRET-TEN, a. [pock and fret, to corrode.] Pitted 
with the small-pox. 

POCK'MARK, n. Mark or scar made by the small-pox. 

POCK'ET, 71. [Fr. pochette.] 1. A small bag inserted in a 
garment for carrying small articles. 2. A small bag or 
net to receive the balls in billiards. 3. A certain quantity. 

POGK'ET, v.t. ]. To put or conceal in the pocket. 2. To 
take clandestinely. — To pocket an insult or affront, to re- 
ceive it without seeking redress ; \_in popular use.'] 

POeK'ET-BOOK, 71. A small book of paper covered with 
leather ; used for carrying papers in the pocket. 

POCK'ET-GLASS, n. A portable looking-glass. 

POCK'ET-HoLE, n. The opening into a pocket. 

PO€K'ET-LID, n. The flap over the pocket-hole. 

POCK'ET-MoN-EY, n. jNIoney for the pocket or for occa- 
sional expenses. 

PO€K'-HoLE, n. The pit or scar made by a pock. 

POCKT-NESS, 7?. The state of being pocky. 

POCK'WOOD, n. Lignumvitse, a very hard wood. 

POCK'Y, 'a'. 1. Infected with the small-pox ; full of pocks. 
2. Vile ; rascally ; mischievous ; contemptible ; {in vulgar 
use.] 

t POS'U-LENT, a. [Ij.poculentus.] Fit for drink. 

POD, n. The pericarp, capsule or seed-vessel of certain 
plants 

POD, V. i. To swell ; to fill ; also, to produce pods. 

PO-DAG'Rie, ) a. [L. podagra ; Gr. noSaypa.] 1. Per- 

PO-D AG'RI-€AL, \ taining to the gout ; gouty ; partaking 
of the gout. 2. Afflicted with the gout. Brown. 

POD'DED, a. Having its pods formed ; fuinished with pods. 

POD'DER, n. A gatherer of pods. 

PODGE, V. A puddle ; a plash. Skinner. 

PCEM, n. [L. poema.] 1 . A metrical composition ; a com- 
position in which the verses consist of certain measures, 



whether in blank verse or in rhyme. 2. This term la also 
applied to some compositions in which the language is 
that of excited imagination. 

PO'E-SY, n. [Fr. poesie; L. poesis.] 1. The art or skill 
of composing poems. 2. Poetry; metrical composition 
3. A short conceit engraved on a ring or other thing. 

PO'ET, n. [Fr. poete / L., Sp,, It.poeta ; Gr. Jioi^rrjs.] 1 
The author of a poem 5 the inventor or maker of a metri 
cal composition. 2. One skilled in making poetry, 01 
who has a particular genius for metrical composition 3 one 
distinguished for poetic talents. 

Po'ET-AS-TER, n. A petty poet ; a pitiful rhymer or writer 
of verses, Roscommon. 

PO'ET-ESS, n. A female poet. Sail. 

PO-ET'ie, ) a. [Gr. -noiriTiKog ; L. poeticus ; Fr. poet- 

PO-ET'I-€AL, \ ique.] 1. Pertaining to poetry ; suitable 
to poetry. 2. Expressed in poetry or measure. 3. Pos- 
sessing the peculiar beauties of poetry ; sublime. 

PO-ET'I-€AL-LY, adv. With the qualities of poetry ; by 
the art of poetry ; by fiction. Dryden. 

PO-ET'I€S, 71 The doctrine of poetry. Warton. 

Po'ET-iZE, V. i. [Fr. poctiser.] To write as a poet ; to 
compose verse. Donne. 

Po'ET-LAU'RE-AT, n. A poet employed to compose po- 
ems for the birth-days of a prince or other special occa- 
sion. 

Po'ET-MU-Si"CIAN, n. An appellation given to the bard 
and lyrist of former ages, as uniting the professions of po- 
etry and music. 

PO'ET-RESS, n. A female poet. 

Po'ET-RY, n. [Gr. TTOtjyrpta.] I. Metrical composition ; 
verse. 2. The art or practice of composing in verse. 
3. Poems; poetical composition. 4. This term is also 
applied to the language of excited imagination and feel- 
ing. 

*POIGj>J'AN-CY, (poin'an-se) n. 1. Sharpness; the power 
of stimulating the organs of taste. 2. Point ; sharpness ; 
keenness ; the power of irritation ; asperity. 3. Severi- 
ty; acuteness. 

* POIGN'ANT, (poin'ant) a. [Fr. poigiiant.] I. Sharp ; stim- 
ulating the organs of taste. 2. Pointed ; keen ; bitter ; 
irritating ; satirical. 3. Severe ; piercing ; very painful 
or acute. 

*POiGN'ANT-LY, (poin'ant-ly) adv. In a stimulating, 
piercing or irritating manner ; with keenness or point. 

POINT, n. [Fr. poinct ; Sp., It. punto, punta.] 1. The 
sharp end of any instrument or body, 2. A string with a 
tag. 3. A small cape, headland or promontory ; a tract 
of land extending into the sea, a lake or river, beyond the 
line of the shore, and becoming narrow at the end, 4. 
The sting of an epigram ; a lively turn of thought or ex- 
pression that strikes with force and agreeable surprise. 
5. An indivisible part of time or space. 6. A small space. 
7. Punctilio : nicety ; exactness of ceremony. 8. Place 
near, next or'contiguous to ; verge ; eve. 9. Exact place. 

10. Degree ; state of elevation, depression or extension. 

11. A character used to mark the divisions of writing, or 
the pauses to be observed in reading or speaking. 12. A 
spot ; a part of a surface divided by spots or lines. — 13. In 
geometry, that which has neither parts nor magnitude, — 
14, In music, a mark or note anciently used to distinguish 
tones or sounds. — 15, In modern music, a dot placed by a 
note to raise its value or prolong its time by one half.— 16. 
In astronomy, a division of the great circles of the horizon, 
and of the mariner's compass. — 17. In astronomy, a cer- 
tain place marked in the heavens, or distinguished for it? 
importance in astronomical calculations. The zenith and 
nadir are called vertical points. — 18, In perspective, a cer 
tain pole or place with regard to the perspective plane. — 
19, In manufactories, a lace or work wrought by the nee- 
dle. 20. The place to which any thing is directed, or the 
direction in which an object is presented to the eye, 21. 
Particular ; single thing or subject. 22, Aim ; purpose ; 
thing to be reached or accomplished, 23. The act of aim- 
ing or striking. 24. A single position ; a single assertion ; 
a single part of a complicated question or of a whole. 25. 
A note or tune. — 26. In heraldry, points are the several 
different parts of the escutcheon," denoting the local posi- 
tions of figures. — 27. In electricity, the acute termination 
of a body which facilitates the passage of the fluid to or 
from the body. — 28. In gunnery, point-blank denotes the 
shot of a gun leveled horizontally. — 29. In marine lan- 
guage, points are flat pieces of braided cordage, tapering 
from the middle towards each end, — Point de vise, [Fr. | 
exactly in the point of view. Shak. — The point, the sub- 
ject ; the main question ; the precise thing to be consid- 
ered. 

POINT, V. t. 1. To sharpen ; to cut, forge, grind or file to 
an acute end. 2. To direct towards an object or place, to 
show its position , or excite attention to it. 3. To direct 
the eye or notice. 4. To aim ; to direct towards an ob- 
ject. 5. To mark with characters for the purpose of dis- 
tinguishing the members of a sentence, and designating 



* See Synapsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, Zoti^-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— (PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BtRD ; - f Obsolete 



FOK 



621 



POL 



the pauses. 6. To mark with vowel-points. 7. To ap- 
point , [obs.] Spenser. 8. To fill the joints of with mor- 
tar, and smooth them with the point of atrowet.— T'o 
point out, to show by the finger or by other means.— To 
point a sail, to afiix points through the eyelet-holes of the 
reefs. 

POINT, v.i. 1. To direct the finger for designating an ob- 
ject, and exciting attention to it. 2. To indicate, as dogs 
do to sportsmen. 3. To show distinctly by any means. 
4. To fill the joints or crevices of a wall with mortar.— 5. 
In the rigging of a ship, to taper the end of a rope or 
splice, and work over the reduced part a small, close net- 
ting, with an even number of knittJes twisted from the 
same. — To point at, to treat with scorn or contempt by 
pointing or directing attention to. 

POINT' AL, n. In botany, the pistil of a plant ; an organ or 
viscus adhering to tlie fruit for the reception of the pollen. 
Its appearance is that of a column or set of columns in the 
centre of the flower. Martyn. 

POINT'ED, pp. 1. Sharpened ; formed to a point ; direct- 
ed ; aimed. 2. Aimed at a particular person or transac- 
tion. 3. a. Sharp ; having a sharp point. 4. Epigram- 
matical ; abounding in conceits or lively turns. 

POINT'ED-LY, adv. 1. In a pointed manner ; with lively 
turns of thought or expression. 2. With direct asser- 
tion; with direct reference to a subject; with explicit- 
ness. 

POINTiED-NESS, %. 1. Sharpness ; pickedness with 
asperity. 2. Epigrammatical keenness or smartness. 

POINT'EL, n. I. Something on a point. 2. A kind o« 
pencil or style. Wickliffe. 

POINT'ER, n. 1. Any thing that points. 2. The hand of a 
time-piece. 3. A dog that points out the game. 

POINT'ING, ppr. 1. Directing the finger; showing; di- 
recting. 2. Marking with points ; as a writing. 3. Fill- 
ing the joints and crevices of a wall with mortar or ce- 
ment. 

POINT'ING, n. 1. The art of making the divisions of a 
writing; punctuation. 2. The state of being pointed 
with marks or of having points. 

POINT'ING-STO€K, n. An object of ridicule or scorn. 

POINT'LESS, a. 1. Having no point ; blunt; obtuse. 2. 
Having no smartness or keenness. 

POISE, (poiz) n. [W. pwys ; Arm. poes ; Fr. poids."} 1. 
Weight ; gravity ; that which causes a body to descend 
or tend to the centre. 2. The weight or mass of metal 
used in weighing with steelyards to balance the sub- 
stance weighed. 3. Balance ; equilibrium ; a state in 
which things are balanced by equal weight or power ; 
equipoise. 4. A regulating power ; that which balances. 

POISE, (poiz) V. t. [W. pwysaw.] 1. To balance in 
weight ; to make of equal weight. 2. To hold or place 
in equilibrium or equiponderance. 3. To load with 
weight for balancing. 4. To examine or ascertain, as 
by the balance ; to weigh. 5. To oppress ; to weigh 
down. 

POISED, pp. Balanced ; made equal in weight ; resting in 
equilibrium. 

POIS'ING, ppr. Balancing. 

POIS'ON, (poiz'n) n. [Fr. poison.] 1. A substance which, 
when taken into the stomach, mixed with the blood, or 
applied to the skin or flesh, proves fatal or deleterious ; 
venom. 2. Any thing infectious, malignant, or noxious 
to health. 3. That which taints or destroys moral purity 
or health. 

POIS'ON, V. t. 1. To infect with any thing fatal to life. 2. 
To attack, injure or kill by poison. 3. To taint ; to mar ; 
to impair. 4. To corrupt. 

t POIS'ON-A-BLE, a. Capable of poisoning ; venomous. 

POIS'ONED, pp. Infected or destroyed by poison. 

POIS'ON-ER, n. One who poisons or corrupts ; that which 
corrupts. 

t POIS'ON-FUL, a. Replete with venom. Dr. Wldte. 

POIS'ON-ING, ppr. Infecting with poison ; corrupting. 

POIS'ON-OUS, a. Venomous ; having the qualities of pois- 
on ; corrupting ; impairing soundness or purity. 

POIS'ON-OUS-LY, adv. With fatal or injurious effects ; 
venomously. 

POIS'ON-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being fatal or in- 
jurious to health and soundness ; venomousness. 

POIS'ON-TREE, n. A tree that poisons the flesh. 

POI'TREL, TO. [Fr. poitraiL] 1. Armor for the breast. 2. 
[qu. pointel.] A graving tool. Ainsioorth. 

POIZE, a common spelling ofpoise. Sec Poise. 

POKE, n. [Sax. vocca, poha ; Fr. poche.] A pocket ; a small 
bag ; as, a_pig in a poke. Camden. 

POKE, or PoKE'-WEED, n. The popular name of a plant 
of the genus Phytolacca. 

POKE, V. t. [Corn, pokkia.] 1. Properly, to thrust ; hence, 
to feel or search for with along instrument. 2. To thrust 
at with the horns, as an ox. 

POKE, n. In JSTew England, a machine to prevent unruly 
beasts from leaping fences. 

POKE, V. t. To put a poke on. JVew Ena-land. 



PoK'ER, n. An iron bar used in stirring the fire when coal 
is used for fuel. Swift. 

PoK'ER, TO. [Dan. pokkeir.'] Any frightful object, especial- 
ly in the dark ; a bugbear ; a word in common use in 
America. 

PoK'ING, ppr. Feeling in the dark ; stirring with a pok- 
er ; thrusting at with the horns ; putting a poke on. 

PoK'ING, a. Drudging ; servile. {Colloquial.} Gray. 

PoK'ING-STICK, TO. An instrument formerly used in ad- 
justing the plaits of rufis then worn. Shak. 

PO-La'CREjTO. \^^.polacrei¥i.polacre,polaque.'] A vessel 
with three masts, used in the Mediterranean. 

PO'LAR, a. [Fr. polaire ; It. polare ; Sp. polar.] 1. Per- 
taining to the Doles of the earth, north or south, or to 
the poles of artificial globes ; situated near one of the 
poles. 2. Proceeding from one of the regions near the 
poles. 3. Pertaining to the magnetic pole, or to the point 
to which the magnetic needle is directed. 

PO-LAR'l-TY, n. That quality of a body, in virtue of which 
peculiar properties reside in certain points ; usually, as in 
electrified or magnetized bodies, properties of attraction 
or repulsion, or the power of taking a certain direction 
The property of pointing to tlie poles, which is peculiar to 
the magnetic needle. A mineral is said to possess polar- 
ity when it attracts one pole of a magnetic needle and re- 
pels the other. 

PO-LAR-I-Za'TION, to. The act of giving polarity to a 
body. — Polarization of light, a change produced upon light 
by the action of certain media, by which it exhibits the 
appearance of having polarity, or poles possessing differ- 
ent properties. 

Po'LAR-iZE, v. t. To communicate polarity to. 

Po'LAR-lZED, pp. Having polarity communicated to. 

Po'LAR-iZ-ING, ppr. Giving polarity to. 

Po'LA-RY, a. Tending to a pole ; having a direction to a 
pole. Brown. 

POLE, TO. [Sax. pol, pal ; D. paal : Dan. pal ; W. pawl ; L. 
palus.] 1. A long, slender piece of wood, or the stem of 
a small tree deprived of its branches. 2. A rod ; a perch ; 
a measure of length of five yards and a half. 3. An in- 
strument for measuring. — Bare poles. A ship is under 
bare poles when her sails are all furled. Mar. Diet. 

POLE, TO. {Yx.pole; It., Sp. polo.] 1. In astronomy, one 
of the extremities of the axis on which the sphere re- 
volves. — ^2. In spherics, a point equally distant from every 
part of the circumference of a great circle of the sphere ; 
or it is a point 90*^ distant from the plane of a circle, and 
in a line passing perpendicularly through the centre, call- 
ed the axis. — 3. In geography, the extremity of the earth's 
axis. 4. The star which is vertical to the pole of the 
earth. — Magnetic poles, two points in a lodestone,, corre- 
sponding to the poles of the world ; the one pointing to 
the north, the other to the south. 

POLE, TO. [from Poland.] A native of Poland. 

POLE, V. t. 1. To furnish with poles for support. 2. To 
bear or convey on poles. 3. To impel by poles, as a boat ; 
to push forward by the use of poles. 

PoLE'-AXE, ) TO. An axe fixed to a pole or handle ; or, 

PoLE'-AX, ) rather, a sort of hatchet with a handle 
about fifteen inches in length, and a point or claw bend- 
ing downward from the back of its head. 

PoLE'CAT, TO. A quadruped of the genus mustela ; the 
fitchew or fitchet. 

PoLE'-D A-VY, TO. A sort of coarse cloth. Ainsworth. 

POL'E-MARCH, to. [Gr. iio\Ena^')(pi.] 1. Anciently, a 
magistrate of Athens and Thebes. 2. A military officer 
in Laccdcemon. 

PO-LEM'I€, or PO-LEM'I-€AL, a. [Gr. iroXe/ztKoj.] 1 
Controversial ; disputative ; intended to maintain an opin- 
ion or system in opposition to others. 2. Engaged in sup- 
porting an opinion or system by controversy. 

PO-LEM'I€, TO. A disputant ; a controvertist. Pope. 

POL'E-MIST, TO. A controvertist. Mchols. 

PO-LEM'0-S€OPE, to. [Gr. noXe-^os and cKoneu).] An ob- 
lique perspective glass contrived for seeing objects that do 
not lie directly before the eye. 

PoLE'-STAR, TO. 1. A star which is vertical, or nearly so, 
to the pole of the earth ; a lodestar. 2. That which serves 
as a guide or director. 

Po'LEY-GRASS, to. A plant of the genus lythrum. 

PO'LEY-MOUN-TAIN, to. A plant of the genus teucrium 

PO-LICE', TO. [Fr. ; L. politia.] 1. The government of a 
city or town ; the administration of the laws and regula- 
tions of a city or incorporated town or borough. 2. The 
internal regulation and government of a kingdom or state. 

3. The corporation or body of men goveriiing a city — 

4. In Scottish, the pleasure-ground about a gentleman's 
seat. 

POL'ICED, a. Regulated by laws ; furnished with a regu- 
lar system of laws and administration. Bacon. 

PO-LICE'-OF-FI-CER, to. An officer intrusted with the 
execution of the laws of a city. , ^, 

POL'I-CY, TO. [Fr. police ; L. politia.] 1. The art or man 



* Sec Simopsui MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— B|[JLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH -, TH as in this f Obsolete 



POL 



622 



POL 



rer ol governing a nation ; or that system of measures 
which the sovereign of a country adopts and pursues, as 
best adapted to the interests of the nation. 2, Art, pru- 
dence, wisdom or dexterity in the management of public 
affairj. — 3. In common usage, the art, pmdence or wisdom 
of individuals in the management of their private or so- 
cial concerns. 4. Stratagem ; cunning ; dexterity of man- 
agement. 5. [It. poZizza.j A ticket or warrant for money 
in the public funds. — 6. [Sp. ■poliza.'] Policy, in commerce, 
the writing or instrument, by which a contract of indem- 
nity is effected between the insurer and the insured. 

I'OL'ING, n. In gardening, the operation of dispersing the 
worm-ciasts all over the walks, with long ash poles. 

roL'ING, -ppr. 1. Furnishing with poles for support. 2. 
Bearing on poles. 3. Pushing forward witli poles, as a 
boat. 

PoL'ISH, a. Pertaining to Poland. 

POL'ISH, V. t. [Fr. foiir, polissant.] 1. To make smooth 
and glossy, usually by friction. 2. To refine ; to wear 
off rudeness, rusticity and coarseness ; to make elegant 
and polite. 

POL'ISH, V. i. To become smooth ; to receive a gloss ; to 
take a smooth and glossy surface. 

POL'ISH, n. I. A smooth, glossy surface produced by fric- 
tion. 2. Refinement 5 elegance of manners. 

POL'ISH- A-BLE, a. Capable of being polished. 

POL'ISHED, pp. Made smooth and glossy ; refined. 

t POL'ISH-ED-NESS, n. I. State of being polished or 
glossed. Donne. 2. State of being refined or elegant. 
Coventry. 

POL'ISH-ER, n. The person or instrument that polishes. 

POL'ISH-ING, ppr. Making smooth and glossy ; refining. 

POL'ISH-ING, n. Smoothness ; glossiness ; refinement. 
Ooldsmith. 

POL'ISII-MENT, n. Refinement. Waterliouse. 

PO-LlTE'j a. [L. polit^is.'] 1. Literally, smooth, glossy, 
and used in this sense till within a century ; [o6s.] 2. 
Being polished or elegant in mannere ; refined in be- 
havior 3 well-bred. 3. Courteous ; complaisant ; oblig- 
ing^ 

PO-LlTE'LY, adv. With elegance of manners ; genteelly ; 
courteously. 

PO-LlTE'NESS, 71. 1. Polish or elegance of manners ; 
gentility; good-breeding; ease and gracefulness of man- 
ners. 2. Courteousness ; complaisance ; obliging atten- 
tions. 

POL'I-TIC, a. [L. poUtlcus.'\ 1. Wise ; prudent and saga- 
cious in devismg and pursuing measures adapted to pro- 
mote the public welfare. 2. Well devised and adapted 
to the public prosperity. 3. Ingenious in devising and 
pui-suing any scheme of personal or rational aggrandize- 
ment, without regard to the morality of the measure ; cun- 
ning ; artful ; sagacious in adapting means to the end, 
whether good or evil. 4. Well devised ; adapted to its 
end, riglit or wrong. 

f POL'I-TIC, n. A politician. Bacon. 

PO-LIT'I-CAL, a. 1. Pertaining to policy, or to civil gov- 
ernment and its administration. 2. Pertaining to a na- 
tion or state, or to nations or states, as distinguisned from 
civil or municipal ; as in the phrase, political and civil 
rights, the former comprehending rights that belong to a 
nation, or perhaps to a citizen as an individual of a na- 
tion ; ana the latter comprehending the local rights of a 
corporation or any member of it. 3. Public ; derived 
from ofiice or connection with government. 4. Artful ; 
skillful; [see Politic] 5. Treating of politics or govern- 
ment. Paley. — Political economy, the administration of 
the revenues of a nation ; or the management and regu- 
lation of its resources and productive property and labor. 

PO-LIT'I-€AL-LY, adv. 1. With relation to the govern- 
ment of a nation or state. 2. Artfully ; with address ; 
[o&s.l 

PO-LIT'I-€AS-TER, n. A petty politician. 

+ POL-I-TI"CIAN, a. Cunning ; using artifice. 

POL-I-TI"CIAN, n. \¥x.politicien.] 1. One versed in the 
science of government and the art of governing ; one 
skilled in politics. 2. A man of artifice or deep contri- 
vance. 

POL'I-TIC-LY, adv. Artfully ; cunningly. Shal: 

POL'I-TICS, n. [Fr. politique.] The science of government ; 
that part of ethics which consists in the regulation and 
government of a nation or state, for the preservation of its 
safety, peace and prosperity. 

f POL'I-TiZE, V. i. To play the politician. Milton. 

j- POL'I-TURE, n. Polish ; the gloss given by polishing. 

POL'I-TY, n. [Gr. no\LTua.'\ 1. The form or constitution 
of civil government of a nation or state. 2. The constitu- 
tion or general fundamental principles of government of 
any class of citizens, considered in an appropriate charac- 
ter, or as a subordinate state. 

PoLL, n. [D. &oZ.l 1. The head of a person, or the back 
part of the head. 2. A register of heads, that is, of per- 
sons. 3. The entry of the names of electors vi^ho vote 
for civil officers. Hence, 4. An election of civil officers. 



or the place of election. 5. A fish called a chub or chevin ; 
see PoLLAKD. 
PoLL, V. t. 1. To lop the tops of trees. Bacon. 2. To 
clip ; to cut off the ends ; to cut off hair or wool ; to shear. 

3. To mow ; to crop ; [obs.] 4. To peel ; to strip ; to 
plunder : [obs.] 5. To take a list or register of persons ; 
to enter names in a list. 6. To enter one's name in a list 
or register, 7. To insert into a number as a voter. Tickel. 

POL'LARD, 71. 1. A tree lopped. 2. A clipped coin. 3. 
The chub fish. 4. A stag that has cast his horns. 5. A 
mixture of bran and meal. 

POL'LARD, V. t. To lop the tops of trees ; to poll. 

POL'LEN, n. [h. pollen, pollis.] 1. The fecundating dust, 
or fine substance like flour or meal, contained in the an- 
ther of flowers, which is dispersed on the pistil for im- 
pregnation ; farin or farina. 2. Fine bran. Bailey. 

t POL'LEN-GER, n. Brushwood. Tusser. 

POL'LE-NIN, n. A substance prepared from the pollen of 
tulips, highly inflammable. 

PoLL'ER, n. [from _poZZ.] 1. One that shaves persons ; a 
barber ; [obs.] 2. One that lops or polls trees. 3. A pil- 
lager ; a plunderer; one that fleeces by exaction ;_ [vh^.] 

4. One that registers voters, or one that enters his name 
as a voter. 

PoLL'-E-VIL, 71. A swelling or irapostem on a horse's 
head, or on the nape of the neck between the ears. 

POL-LI-CI-Ta'TION, 71. [L. pollicitatio.] A promise ; a 
voluntary engagement, or a paper containing it. 

POL-LIN€'TOR, n. [L.] One that prepares materials for 
embalming the dead ; a kmd of undertaker. 

POL-LI-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. pollen and fero.] Producing 
pollen. 

POL'LOCK, or FOL'LACK, n. A fish, a species of gadus 
or cod. 

POL-LuTE', V. t. [L.polluo; Fr. polluer.] I. To defile; 
to make foul or unclean. Among the Jews, to make un- 
clean or impure, in a legal or ceremonial sense. 2. To 
taint with guilt. 3. To profane ; to use for carnal or idol- 
atrous purposes. 4. To corrupt or impair by mixture of 
ill, moral or physical. 5. To violate by illegal sexual 
commerce. 

POL-LuTE', a. Polluted ; defiled. Milton. 

POL-LuT'ED, pp. Defiled ; rendered unclean ; tainted 
with guilt ; impaired ; profaned. 

POL-LuT'ED-LY. adv. In a state of pollution. Heyicood. 

POL-LuT'ED-NESS, n. The state of being polluted ; de- 
filement. 

POL-LuT'ER, 71. A defiler ; one that pollutes or profanes. 

POL-LuT'ING, ppr. Defiling ; rendering unclean ; cor- 
rupting; profaning. 

POL-LU'TION, n. [L. pollutio ; Fr. pollution.] 1. The act 
of polluting. 2. Defilement ; uncleanness ; impurity ; 
the state of being polluted. — 3. In the Jewish economy, 
legal or ceremonial uncleanness. — 4. In medicine, the in- 
voluntary emission of semen in sleep. — 5. In a religious 
sense, guilt, the effect of sin ; idolatry. 

POL'LtJX, n. 1, A fixed star of the second magnitude, in 
the constellation Gemini or the Twins. 2. See Castor. 

POL-0-NaISE', ; n. A robe or dress adopted from the 

POL-0-NeSE', ) fashion of the Poles ; sometimes worn 
by ladies. 

POL-0-NeSE', 71. The Polish language. Encyc. 

POL'O-NOISPi, n. In music, a movement of three crotchets 
jn a bar, with the rhythmical cesure on the last. 

PoLT, 71. [Sw. bulla.] A blow, stroke or striking ; a word 
in common popular use in JSTew England. 

t PoLT'-FOOT, n. A distorted foot. Herbert. 

t P6LT'-F00T-ED 1 ^' H^"^i"S distorted feet. B. Jonson. 

POL-TROON', n. [F. poltron ; It. poltrone.] An arrant 
coward ; a dastard ; a wretch without spirit or courage. 

POL-TROON', a. Base ; vile ; contemptible. Hammond. 

POL-TROON'ER-Y, ) n. Cowardice ; baseness of mind , 

POL-TROON'RY, \ want of spirit. 

POL'VE-RIN, ) 71. [la. pulvis ; It. polverino.] The calcined 

POL' VE-RINE, S ashes of a pla-nt. 

PO'LY, or Po'LEY, 71. [L. polium.] A plant. 

POL'Y, in compound words, is from the Greek ttoXh?, and 
signifies jnany ; as in polygon, a figure of many angles. 

POL-Y-A-€OUS'TI€, a. [Gr. rroAuj and ukovu).] That mul- 
tiplies or magnifies sound ; eis a noun, an instrument to 
multiply sounds. 

POL'Y-A-DELPH, n. [Gr. iroXvs and o^eX^o?.] In botany, 
a plant having its stamens united in three or more bodies 
or bundles by the filaments. 

POL-Y-A-DELPH'I-AN, a. Having its stamens united in 
three or more bundles. 

POL-Y-AN'DER, n. [Gr. TroAuf and avrjp.] In botany, a 
plant having many stamens. 

POL-Y-AN'DRI-AN, a. Having many stamens. 

POL-Y-AN'DRY, n. The practice of females having more 
husbands than one at the same time ; plurality of hus- 
bands. 



See Synopsis A K, T, O t\ Y. /oti^ —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— PIN, MARINE BIRD ;— ^ Obsolete. 



POL 



623 



POM 



POL'Y-ANTH, ) n. [Gr, noXvs and avdo?.] A plant of 

POL-Y-ANTH'OS, j the genus primula or T^iimrose. 

POL- Y-AU-TOG'RA-?HY, n. [Gr. t:oXvs, avros and ypof^w.] 
The act or practice of multiplying copies of one's own 
handwriting ; a species of lithography. 

POL'Y-€HORD, a. [Gr. ttoXvj, and chord.] Having many 
chords or strings. Ch. Relig. Appeal. 

t POL'Y-€HREST, n. [Gr. ttoXds and %p>7crroj.] In phar- 
macy, a medicine that serves for many uses. 

POL'Y-€HRO-ITE, n. [Gr. noXvs and xpoi^w.] The color- 
ing matter of saffron. Ure. 

POL-Y-€0-TYL'E-DON, n. [Gr. jroXws and /cori;Aj?5wv.] 
In botany, a plant tha* has many or more than two cotyl- 
edons or lobes to the set,'^. 

POL-Y-eO-TY-LED'O-NOL;"^. a. Having more than two 
lobes to the seed. 

POL-Y-ED'R^S I ^^^ PoLYHEDRu ^ and Polyhedral. 

POL'Y-GAM, I n. [Gr. no\vg and xs"'"?-] In botany, a 

POL-Y-GAM'I-AN, \ plant which bears :;ermaphrodite 
flowers. 

POL-Y-GAM'I-AN, a. Producing hermaphrodite flowers, 
with male or female flowers, or both. 

PO-LYG'A-MIST, n. A person who maintains the lawful- 
ness of polygamy. 

PO-LYG'A-MOUS, a. 1. Consisting of polygamy. Encyc. 
2. Inclined to polygamy ; having a plurality of wives. 

PO-LYG'A-MY, 71. [Gr. koXdj and yajxoi.] A plurality of 
wives or husbands at the same time ; or the having of 
such plurality. 

POL'Y-GAR, n. In Hindostan, an inhabitant of the woods. 

PO-LYO'E-NOUS, a. [Gr. ttoAuj and yevos.'] Consisting of 
many kinds. Kir-wan. 

POL'Y-GLOT, a. [Gr. t:oXvs and yXwrra.] Having or con- 
taining many languages. 

POL'Y-GLOT, n. 1. A book containing many languages. 
2. One who understands many languages ; [obs.] 

POL'Y-GON, n. [Gr. iroXvj and ytovia.] In geometry, a 
figure of many angles and sides. 

?8:£li'o:No&, I ''' H™g ^^'^y ^^'''- ^''^ 

PO-LYG'O-NUM, or POL'Y-GON, n. [Gr. ttoXus and yovv.'] 

Knotgrass. 
PO-LYG'0-iSrY, n. [L. polygonum.] Knotgrass. 
POL'Y-GRAM, n. [Gr. :toXiis and ypanixa.] A figure con- 
sisting of many lines. Diet. 
POL'Y-GRAPH, n. An instrument for multiplying copies 

of a writing with ease and expedition. 
POL-Y-GRAPH'ie, la. 1. Pertaining to polygraphy. 
POL-Y-GRAPHH-CAL, \ 2. Done with a polygraph. 
PO-LYG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. rroXvs and yoafri ; ypa^w.] 
The art of writing in various ciphers, and of deciphering 
the same. 
POL'Y-GYN, n. [Gr. tioXdj and yvvi].] In botany, a plant 

having many pistils. 
POL-Y-GYN'I-AN, a. Having many pistils. 
P0-LY6'Y-NY, n. [Gr. no\vg and yvvq.] The practice of 

having more wives than one at the same time. 
POL-Y-Ha'LTTE, n. [Gr. jtoXv? and aX?.] A mineral. 
POL-Y-He'DRAL, or POL-Y-He'DROUS, a. Having 

many sides ; as a solid body. 
?OL-Y-He'DRON, w. [Gr. iToXu? and f^pa.] I. In geometry, 
a body or solid contained under many sides or planes. — 
2. In optics, a multiplying glass or lens consisting of sev- 
eral plane surfaces disposed in a convex form. 
+ PO-LYL'O-GY, 71. [Gr. ;ToXDf and Xoyog.] A talking 

much ; talkativeness ; garrulity. 
P0L-Y-MATH'I€, a. Pertaining to polymathy. 
PO-LYM'A-THY, n. [Gr. ttoXdj and naQvaig.] The knowl- 
edge of many arts and sciences. 
POL'YM-NITE, 71. A stone marked with dendrites and 
black lines, and so disposed as to represent rivers, marsh- 
es, &c. 
POL'Y-MORPH, n. [Gr. noXus and iiop<pr].] A name given 

to a numerous tribe or series of shells. 
POL-Y-MORPH'OUS, a. Having many forms. 
POL'Y-NEME, n. A fish having a scaly head. 
POL-Y-Ne'SIA, 71. [Gr. ttoXu? and vtjcros.] A new term in 
geography, used to designate a great number of isles in 
the Pacific ocean. 
POL-Y-Ne'SIAN, a. Pertaining to Polynesia. 
POL'Y-NOME,.w. [Gr. iroXvj and ovoiia.] In algebra, a 

quantity consibting of many terms. 
POL-Y-No'MI-AL, a Containing many names. 
POL-Y-ON'O-MOUS, a. [Gr. ttoXvs and ovojia.] Having 

many names or titles ; many-titled. Sir W. Jones. 
POL-Y-ON'O-MY, 71. Variety of different names. Faber. 
POL-Y-OP'TRUM, n. [Gr, iroXuf and oTTTOjUut.] A glass 
through which objects appear multiplied. 



n. [Gr. JToX'jj and ^wvjy.] Multiplicity 
of sounds, as in the reverberations 



POL-Y-PET'A-LOUS, a. [Gr. iroXvs and niraXov.] In hvi- 

any, having many petals. Martyn. 
POL-Y-PHON'ie, a. Having or consisting of many voices 

or sounds. Busby. 
PO-LYPH'0-NISM, 
PO-LYPH'O-NY, 

of an echo. 
PO-LYPH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. no\vs and (pvWov.] In botany^ 

many-leafed. 
POL'Y-PIeR, n. The name given to the habitations of 

polypes. Cuvier. 
POL'Y-PITE, n. Fossil polype. 
POL'Y-PODE, 71. [Gr. noXvs and novg.] An animal having 

many feet ; the milleped or wood-louse. Coxe. 
PO-LYP'0-DY, n. [L. polypodium.] A plant of the genua 

polypodium, of the order of Jilices or ferns. 
POL'Y-POUS, a. Having the nature of the polypus; having 

many feet or roots, like the polypus. 
POL-Y-PRAG-MAT'I-€AL, a. Over-busy ; forward ; offi- 
cious. 
POL'Y-PUS, ) n. [Gr. noXvnovg,] 1. Something that has 
POL'YPE, \ many feet or roots. — 2. In zoology, a spe- 
cies of fresh-water insect. 3. A concretion of blood iu 

the heart and blood vessels. Parr. 4. A tumor with a 

narrow base, somewhat resembling a pear ; found in the 

nose, uterus, &.c. 
POL'Y-SeOPE, n. [Gr. tioXvs and cKonew.] A glass which 

makes a single object appear as many. Diet. 
POL'Y-SPAST, n. [Sp. polispastos.] A machine consisting 

of many pulleys. Diet. 
POL'Y-SPERM, n. [Gr. ttoXvs and ane^iiia.] A tree whose 

fruit contains many seeds. Evelyn. 
POL-Y-SPERM'OUS, a. Containing many seeds. 
P0L-Y-SYL-LAB'1€, ) a. Pertaining to a polysyllable ; 
POL-Y-SYL-LAB'I-€AL, \ consisting of many syllables, 

or of more than three. 
POL'Y-SYL-LA-BLE, n. [Gr. noXvs and o-'jXXa/?*?.] A word 

of many syllables, that is, consisting of more syllables 

than three. 
POL-Y-SYN'DE-TON, n. [Gr. noXvavvSeTos.] A figure of 

rhetoric by which the copulative is often repeated. 
POL-Y-TE€H'NI€, a. [Gr. ::oXi;ff and rexfr}.] Denoting or 

comprehending many arts. 

* POL'Y-THE-ISM, 71. [Fr. polytheisme.] The doctrine of a 
plurality of gods or invisible beings superior to man, and 
having an agency in the government of the world. 

* POL'Y-THE-ISl', 71. A person who believes in or main- 
tains the doctrine of a plurality of gods. 

POL-Y-THE-IS'TI€, ; a. 1. Pertaining to polytheism 
POL-Y-THE-IS'TI-€AL, \ 2. Holding a plurality of gods 
PoM'ACE, n. [h. pojmim ; Fr. poiiime.] The substance of 

apples or of similar fruit crushed by grinding. In America., 

it is JO called before and after being pressed. 
PO-Ma'CEOUS, a. 1. Consisting of apples. 2. Like 

pomace. 
PO-MaDE', 71. [Fr. pommade.] Perfumed ointment. [L.u.] 
PO'MAJND-ER, 71. [Fr. pomme d'ambre.] A sweet ball; a 

perfumed ball or powder. Bacon. 
PO-Ma'TUM, 71. [Fr. pommade ; It. pomata ; Sp. pomada.] 

An unguent or composition used in dressing the hair. 
PO-Ma'TUM, v. t. To apply pomatum to the hair. Diet. 
POME, n. [L. pcmum.] In botany, a pulpy pericarp without 

valves, containing a capsule or core. 
I POME, V. i. [Fr. pomvier.^ To grow to a head, or form a 

head in growing. Diet. 
POME-CIT'RON, n. A citron apple. B. Jonson. 
POME-GRAN'ATE, (pom-gran'nat) 7!. [L. pomum and 

granatum .] 1. The fruit of a tree belonging to the genug 

punica. 2. The tree that produces pomegranates. 3. An 

ornament resembling a pomegranate, on the robe and 

ephod of the Jewish high-priest. 
POME-GRAN' ATE-TREE, n. The tree which produces 

pomegranates. 
POME'ROY, (pom'roy) ) n. Royal apple ; a par- 

POME-ROY'AL, (pom-roy'al) ) ticular sort of apple. 

Aiiisworth. 
PoME'-WA-TER, n. A sort of apple. Shak. 
PO-MIF'ER-OUS, a. [!•. pomum and fero.] Apple-bearing. 
POMME, cr POM-METTE', 7i. In heraldry, a cross with 

one or more knobs at each of the ends. 
PoM'MEL, 71. [Fr. pommeau.] 1. A knob or ball. 2. The 
. knob on the hilt of a sword ; the protuberant part of a 

saddle-bow ; the round knob on the frame of a chair, 

&c. 
PoM'MEL, V. t. To beat as with a pommel, that is, with 

something thick or bulky ; to bruise. 
PoM'MELED, pp. 1. Beaten ; bniised. — 2. In heraldry, 

having pommeis, as a sword or dagger. 
POM-Me'LJ-ON, 71. The cascabel or hindmost knob of a 

cannon. Mar. Diet. 
POMP, 71. [L. pompa ; Fr. pompe ; Arm. pump ; It., Sp 

pompa.] 1. A procession distinguished by ostentation of 



* See STjnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULIi, UNITE.— € as K -, 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH j TII as in this, f Obsolete 



PON e 

grandeur and splendor. 2. Show of magnificence ; pa- 
rade ; splendor. 

t POM-PAT'I€, a. [Low L. pompaticTis.] Pompous j splen- 
did ; ostentatious. Barrow. 

POMP'ET, n. The ball which printers use to black the 
types. Cotgrave. 

POM'PHO-LYX, n. [L., from Gr. no//^oXu|.] The white 
oxyd which sublimes during the combustion of zink. 

P6MP'I-ON, 71. [D. pompoen.] A pumpkin ; a plant and its 
fruit. 

POM'TlRE, n. [L. pomum and pyrus.] A sort of pearmain. 
Ainstoorth. 

POM-POS'I-TY, n. [It. pompositd.] Pompousness j ostenta- 
tion ; boasting. Aikin. 

POMP'OUS, a. [Fr, pompeux ; It. pomposo.] 1. Displaying 
pomp ; showy with grandeur ; splendid 3 magnificent. 
2. Ostentatious ; boastful. 

POMP'OUS-LY, adv. With great parade or display ; mag- 
nificently ; splendidly ; ostentatiously. Dryden. 

POMP'OUS-NESS, n. The state of being pompous ; mag- 
nificence ; splendor; great display of show. 

POM'-WA-TER, 71. The name of a large apple. Diet. 

POND, n'.' [Sp., Port., It. pantano.] 1. A body of stagnant 

' water without an outlet, larger than a puddle, and smaller 
than a lake ; or a like body of water with a small outlet. 
In the United States, we give this name to collections of 
water in the interior country, which are fed by springs, 
and from which issues a small stream. 2. A collection 
of water raised in a river by a dam, for the purpose of 
propelling mill-wheels. — Pond for fish ; see Fish-pond. 

POND, V. t. [from the noun.] To make a pond ; to collect 
in a pond by stopping the current of a river 

t POND, V. t. To ponder. Spenser. 

PON'DER, V. t. [L. pondero.] 1. To weigh in the mind ; 
to consider and compare the circumstances or conse- 
quences of an «!vent. 2. To view with deliberation ; to 
examine. 

PON'DER, V. i. To think ; to muse ; with on. Shak. 

PON'DER-A-BLE, a. That may be weighed ; capable of 
being weighed. Brown. 

?ON'DER-AL, a. [L. pondus.] Estimated or ascertained by 
weight, as distinguished from numeral. 

PON'DER-ANCE, n. Weight ; gravity. Gregory. 

t PON'DER-ATE, v. t. To weigh in the mind ; to consider. 

PON-DER-A'TION, n. The act cf weighing. [Little tised.] 

PON'DERED, pp. Weighed in the mind 5 considered ; ex- 
amined by intellectual operation. 

PON'DER-ER, 71. One that weighs in his mind. 

PON'DER-ING, ppr. Weighing intellectually ; considering ; 
deliberating on. 

PON'DER-ING-LY, adv. With consideration or delibera- 
tion. Hammond. 

PON-DER-OS'I-TY, 71. Weight; gravity; heaviness, 

PON'DER-OUS, a. [L. pouderosus.] 1. Very heavy; 
weighty. 2. Important ; momentous. 3. Forcible ; 
strongly impulsive. Dryden. — Ponderous spar, heavy 
spar or barytes. 

PON'DER-OUS-LY, adv. With great weight. 

PON'DER-OUS-NESS, n. Weight ; heaviness ; gravity. 

POND'- WEED, 71. [pond and weed.] A plant. 

PO'NENT, a. [It. ponente ; L. ponens,] Western. [L. u.] 

PON'GO, 71. A name of the orang outang. JVat. Hist. 

PON'IARD, (pon'yard) n. [Fr. ^oignard.~\ A small dagger ; 
a pointed instrument for stabbmg, borne in the hand or at 
the girdle, or in the pocket. 

PON'IARD, (pon'yard) v.t. To pierce with a poniard; to stab. 

t PONK, 71. A nocturnal spirit ; a hag. Shak. 

PONT' AGE, 71. [h.pons,pontis ; Sp.puente : W.pont.] A 
duty paid for repairing bridges. 

PON-TEE', n. In glass works, an iron instrument used to 
stick the glass at the bottom. 

PONT'ie, a. [L. Poiitus.] Pertaining to the Pontus, Eux- 
ine, or Black sea. J. Barlow. 

PON'TIP ' ['"" [Fr. powiife ; L. poTififea;.] A high-priest. 

PON-TIF'I€, a. Relating to priests ; popish. Milton. 

PON-TIF'I-€AL. a. [L. pontificalis.] 1. Belonging to a 

. high-priest ; belonging to the pope ; popish. 2. Splendid ; 
magnificent. 3. Bridge-building; [obs.] 

PON-TIF'I-€AL, 71. 1. A book containing rites and cere- 
monies ecclesiastical. South. 2. The dress and orna- 
ments of a priest or bishop. Lowth. 

tPON-TIF-I-€AL'I-Ti, n. The state and government of 
the pope ; the papacy. Usher. 

PON-TIF'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a pontifical manner. 

P0N-T1F'I-€ATE, n. [L. pontificatus.'] 1. The state or 
dignity of a high-priest; particularly, the office or dignity 
of the pope. 2. The reign of a pope. 

PONT'I-FlCE, n. Bridge-work; struct'ye or edifice of a 
bridge. [Little used.] Milton. 

PON-Tl-Fl"CIAL, a. Popish. Burton. 

PO.V-TI-FFCIAN, a. Popish ; papistical. Hall. 

PON-TI-Fl"CIAN, n. One that adheres to the pope ; a pa- 
pist. Mountague. 



A POP 

PON'TINE, or POMP'TINE, a. [L. pontina.] Designating 

a large marsh between Rome and Naples. 
PONT'LE-VIS, n. In horsemanship, a disorderly resisting 
of a horse by rearing repeatedly on his hind legs, so as to 
be in danger of coming over. 
PON-TOON', n. [Fr., Sp. ponton.] I. A flat-bottomed boat. 
2. A lighter; a low, flat vessel.— Pontoon-bridge is a 
bridge formed with pontoons. — Pontoon-carriage is made 
with two wheels only. 
Po'NY, n. A small horse. 

POOD, n. A Russian weight, equal to 40 Russian or 36 Eng- 
lish pounds. 

POOL, 71. [Sax. pol, pul ; D. poel ; G. pfuhl.] A small col- 
lection of water in a hollow place, supplied by a spring, 
and discharging its surplus water by an outlet. 

POOL, or POULE, n. [Fr. poule.] The stakes played for in 
certain games of cards. Southern. 

POOP, 71. [Fr. poupe ; It. poppa ; Sp, popa ; L. puppis.] The 
highest and aftmost part of a ship's deck, 

POOP, v. t. I. To strike upon the stern, as a heavy sea, 2. 
To strike the stern, as one vessel that runs her stenj 
against another's stern. Mar. Diet. 

POOP'ING, n. The shock of a heavy sea on the stern or 
quarter of a ship, when scudding in a tempest ; also, the 
action of one ship's running her stem against another's 
stern. 

POOR, a. [L. pauper ; Fr. pauvre.] 1. Wholly destitute of 
property, or not having property sufficient for a comforta- 
ble subsistence ; needy. — 2. In law, so destitute of prop- 
erty as to be entitled to maintenance from the public. 3. 
Destitute of strength, beauty or dignity ; barren ; mean ; 
jejune. 4. Destitute of value, worth or importance ; of 
little use; trifling. 5. Paltry; mean; of little value. 6 
destitute of fertility; barren; exhausted. 7. Of little 
worth ; unimportant. Swift. 8, Unhappy ; pitiable. 9 
Mean : depressf-d : low ; dejected ; destitute of spirit. 10. 
Lean ;' emaciated. Hi. Small, or of a bad quality. 12. 
Uncomfortable ; restless ; ill.'' 13. Destitute of saving 
grace. Rev. iii. 14. Wanting good qualities. 15. A word 
of tenderness or pity ; dear. 16. A word of slight con- 
tempt , wretched. 17. The poor, collectively used as a 
noun, those who are destitute of property ; the indigent : 
the needy. — Poor in spirit, in a Scriptural sense, humble ; 
contrite, 

POOR'JOHN, n. Asort of fish [caZZariMS,] jSinsworth. 

POOR'LY, adv. 1, Without wealth; in indigence. 2. 
With little or no success ; with little growth, profit or ad- 
vantage. 3, Meanly ; without spirit. 4, Without excel- 
lence or dignity. 

POOR'LY, a. Somewhat ill ; indisposed ; not in health ; a 
common use of the toord in America. Th. Scott. 

POOR'NESS, n. 1. Destitution of property ; indigence ; 
poverty ; want. 2, Meanness ; lowness ; want of digni- 
ty. 3. Want of spirit. 4. Barrenness ; sterility, 5. Un- 
productiveness ; want of the metallic substance. 6. 
Smallness or bad quality. 7, Want of value or impor- 
tance. 8. Want of good qualities, or the proper qualities 
which constitute a thing good in its kind. 9. Narrow- 
ness ; barrenness ; want of capacity. 

POOR-SPiR'IT-ED, a. Of a mean spirit; cowardly; base. 

POOR-SPlRiIT-ED-NESS, n. Meanness or baseness of 
spirit ; cowardice. South. 

POP, 71, [B.poep.] A small, smart, quick sound or report. 

POP, v. i. 1. To enter or issue forth with a quick, sudden 
motion, 2. To dart ; to start from place to place sud- 
denly. 

POP, V. t. To thrust or push suddenly with a quick motion. 
— To pop off, to thrust away ; to shift off, Locke. 

POP, adv. Suddenly ; with sudden entrance or appearance. 

POPE, n. [Gr, nana, nannag, nannog ; Low L, papa ; Sp,, 
It.,¥oxt. papa j Yx.pape.] 1, The bishop of Rome the 
head of the Catholic church. 2, A small fish, railed ilso 
a ruff. Walton. 

PoPE'DOM, 71, 1. The place, office or dignity of the pope ; 
papal dignity. 2. The jurisdiction of the pope. 

PoPE'-JoAN, n. A game of cards, Jenner. 

PoPE'LING, 71, An adherent of the pope. 

P6'PER-Y, 71, The religion of the church of Rome, compre- 
Jiending doctrines and practices. Swift. 

PoPE'S'-EyE, n. [pope and eye.] The gland surrounded 
with fat in the middle of the thigh, Johnson. 

POP'GUN, n. A small gun or tube used by children to shoot 
wads and make a noise. Cheyne. 

POP'IN-JAY, 71. [Sp. papagayo.] 1. A parrot, 2. A wood- 
pecker, a bird with a gay head. The green woodpecker, 
with a scarlet crown, a native of Europe. 3. A gay, tri- 
fling young man ; a fop or coxcomb. 

PoP'ISH, a. Relating to the pope ; taught by the pope ; 
pertaining to the pope or to the church of Rome, 

FoF'lSB-LiY, adv. In a popish manner; with a tendency 
to popery, 

POP'LAR, n. [L. populus ; Fr, peuplier.] A tree of the genus 
populus, of several species, 

POP'LIN, n. A stuff made of silk and worsted. 



* See Synopsis A, E, I, O, tj, Y, long.— FA.R, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



POR 



625 



POR 



I'OP-LIT'E-Ai., ; a. [L. pojttZes.] Pertaining to the ham or 

POP-LIT le, i knee-joint. Mti. Repos. 

POP'PET. See Puppet. 

POP'PY, 11. [Sax. popeg ; Fr. pavot ; L. papaver.] A plant 
of the genus papaver, of several species, from one of 
which, the somniferumy or white poppy, is collected 
opium. 

POP'U-LACE, n. [Fr. ; It. popolaccio.'] The common peo- 
ple ; the vulgar ; the multitude. Swift. 

POP|U-LA-CY, n. The populace or common people. 

rOP'U-LAR, a. [Fr. populaii-e ; Sip. popular ; li. popularis.] 

1. Pertahiing to the common people. 2. Suitable to com- 
mon people ; familiar ; plain ; easy to be comprehended ; 
not critical or abstruse. 3. Beloved by the people ; enjoy- 
ing the favor of the people ; pleasing to people in general. 
4. Ambitious; studious of the favor of the people. 5. 
Prevailing among the people ; extensively prevalent. — 
d. In law, ?>. popular action is one which gives a penalty 
to the person that sues for the same. 

POP-U-LAR'I-TY, n. [L. popularitas.] 1. Favor of the 
people ; the state of possessing the affections and confi- 
dence of the people in general. 2. Representation suited 
to vulgar or common conception ; that which is intended 
or adapted to procure the favor of the people ; [little used.'] 
Bacon. 

POP'U-LAR-TZE, V. t. To make popular or common ; to 
spread among the people. Beddoes. 

POP'U-LAR-lZED, pp. Made popular or introduced among 
the people. 

POP'U-LAR-TZ-ING, ppr. Making popular, or introducing 
among the people. 

POP'U-LAR-LY, adv. 1. In a popular manner. Dryden. 

2. According to the conceptions of the common people. 
POP'IT-LATE, V. i. [Ft. popolare, from L. populus.] To 

breed people ; to propagate. Bacon. 

POP'U-LATE, V. t. To people : to furnish with inhabitants. 

t POP'U-LATE, for populous. 

POP'U-LA-TED, pyj. Furnished with inhabitants ; peopled. 

POP<U-LA-T[NG,ypr. Peopling. 

POP-U-La'TION, n. 1. The act or operation of peopling 
or furnishing with inhabitants ; multiplication of inhabit- 
ants. 2. The whole number of people or inhabitants in a 
country. 3. The state of a country with regard to its 
number of inhabitants, or rather with regard to its num- 
bers compared with their expenses, consumption of goods 
and productions, and earnings. 

tPOP-U-LOS'I-TY, 7t. Populousness. Brown. 

POP'U-LOUS, a. [L. populoszis.] Full of inhabitants ; con- 
taining many inhabitants in proportion to the extent of 
the country. 

POP'U-LOUS-LY, adv. With many inhabitants in propor- 
tion to the extent of country. 

POP'U-LOUS-NESS, n. The state of having many inhab- 
itants in proportion to the extent of country. 

POR'€A-TED, a. [L. porca.] Ridged ; formed in ridges. 
Asiat. Res. 

POR'CE-LAIN", n. [Sp., Port, porcelana ,• Fr. porcelaine.] 

1. The finest species of earthen ware, originally manu- 
factured in China and Japan, but now made in several 
European countries. 2. The plant called purslain, which 
see. 

POR-CEL-La'NE-OUS, a. [from porcelain.] Pertaining to 
or resembling porcelain. Hatchett. 

POR'CEL-LA-NITE, n. A silicious mineral. 

PoRCH, 71. [Fr.porche.] 1. In arc/wiectM?-e, a kind of ves- 
tibule, supported by columns, at the entrance of temples, 
halls, churches or other buildings. 2. A portico ; a cov- 
ered walk. 3. By way of distinction, the porch was a 
public portico in Athens, where Zeno, the philosopher, 
taught his disciples. 

POR'CINE, a. [L. porcinus.] Pertaining to swine. 

POR'€U-PlNE, n. [It. porco-splnoso ; Sp. puerco-espin ; 
Fort, porco-espinho.] In zooZo^t/, a quadruped of the genus 
hystrix. The crested porcupine has a body covered with 
prickles which are very sharp, and some of them nme or 
ten inches long ; these he can erect at pleasure. 

POR'€U-PlNE-FISH, n. A fish covered with spines. 

PORE, n. [Fr. pore ; Sp,, It. poro.] 1. In anatomy, a mi- 
nute interstice in the skin of an animal, through which 
the perspirable matter passes to the surface or is excreted. 

2. A small spiracle, opening or passage in other sub- 
stances. 

PORE, V. i. [qu. Gr. E^opW; e(popaw.] To look with steady, 
continued attention or application. Shak. 

PORE, V. t. To examine ; with on. Milton. 

PoRE'BLiND, or PUR'BLiND, a. [qu. Gr. itwpos.] Near- 
sighted ; short-sighted. Bacon. 

PoR'ER, n. One who pores or studies diligently. 

POR'GY, n. A fish of the gilt-head kind. 

Po'RI-]NESS, n. The state of being pory or having numer- 
ous pores. Wiseman. 

Po'RISM, n. [Gr. no^itrixos.] In geometry, a proposition 
affirming the possibility offinding such conditions as will 



render a certain problem indeterminate or capable of in- 
numerable solutions. 

PO-RIS'Tie, ) -o . ■ ■ 

PO-RIS'TI-€AL, I '^- Pertammg to a porism 

Po'RITE, n. ; plu. Porites. A petrified madrepore. 

PoRK, n. [L. porcus ; Fr. pore] The flesh of swine, fresh 
or salted, used for food. 

PoRK'-eAT-ER, n. One that feeds on swine's flesh. 

PORK'ER, 71. A hog ; a pig. [Little used in America.] Pope 

PoRK'ET, n. A young hog. Dryden. 

PORK'LING, n. A pig. Tusser. 

PO-ROS'I-TY, 71. The quality or state of having pores or in- 
terstices. Bacon. 

PoR'OUS, a. Having interstices in the skin or substance of 
the body : having spiracles or passages for fluids. 

POR'OUS-NESS, 71. 1. The quality of having pores ; poros- 
ity. 2. The porous parts ; [not authorized^ 

POR-PHY-RIT'ie, or POR-PHY-RA'CEOUS, a. 1. Per- 
taining to porphyry ; resembling porphyry. 2. Contain- 
ing or composed of porphyry. 

POR'PHY-RiZE, V. t. To cause to resemble porphyry ; to 
make spotted in its composition. Cooper. 

POR'PHY-RY, n. [Gr. nop^upa ; L. porphyrites ; Fr. por- 
phyre.] A mineral consisting of a homogeneous ground 
with crystals. It is very hard, and susceptible of a fine 
polish. 

POR'PHY-RY-^HELL, n. An animal or shell of the genus 
murex. 

POR'PITE, ) n. The hair-button-stone, a small species of 

POR'PI-TES, fossil coral 

POR'POISE, PORTUS, or POR'PESS, n. [It. porco.] In 
zoology, a cetaceous fish, sometimes called the sea-hog. 

POR-Ra'CEOUS, a. [L. porraceus.] Greenish ; resembling 
the leek in color. Wiseman. 

t POR-RE€'TION, n. [L. porrectio.] The act of stretching 
forth. 

POR'RET, 71. [L. porrum ; It. porro, porretta.] A scallion ; 
a leek or small onion. Brown. 

POR'RiDGE, n. [qu. pottage, by corruption.] A kind of 
food made by boiling meat in water; broth. 

POR'RIDGE-POT, n. The not in which flesh, or flesh and 
vegetables, are boiled for food. 

POR'RIN-GER, n. [qu. porridge.] 1. A small metal vessel 
in which children eat porridge or milk. 2. A head-dress 
in the shape of a porringer, in contempt. 

PoRT, 71. [Fr., from L. portus ; Sp. puerto ; It. porta.] 1. 
A harbor ; a haven ; any bay, cove, inlet or recess of the 
sea or of a lake, or the mouth of a river, which ships or 
vessels can enter, and where they can lie safe from injury 
by storms. 2. [L. porta.] A gate. 3. An embrasure or 
opening in the side of a ship of war, through which can- 
non are discharged ; a port-hole. 4. The lid which shuts 
a port-hole. 5. Carriage ; air ; mien ; manner of move- 
ment or walk ; demeanor ; external appearance. — 6. In 
seamen''s language, the larboard or le-ft side of a ship. 7 
A kind of wine made in Portugal, so called from Oporto. 
— Port of the voice, in music, the faculty or habit of mak- 
ing the shakes, passages and diminutions. 

F6RT,v.t. 1. To carry in form. Milton. 2. To turn or 
put to the left or larboard side of a ship. 

PORT'A-BLE, a. [It. portahile.] 1. That may be carried 
by the hand or about the person, on horseback or in a 
traveling vehicle ; not bulky or heavy ; that may be easi- 
ly conveyed from place to place with one's traveling bag- 
gage. 2. That may be carried from place to place. 3. 
That may be borne along with one. 4. Sufferable ; sup- 
portable ; [obs.] Shak. 

PoRT'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being portable. 

PoRT'AGE, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of carrying. 2. The 
price of carriage. Fell. 3. A port-hole ; [unusual.] Shak. 
4. A carrying-place over land between navigable waters. 
Jefferson. 

PoRT'AL, n. [It.portella ; Tr.portail.] 1. In architecture. 
a little gate, where there are two gates of different dimen- 
sions. 2. A little square corn^^r of a room, separated from 
the rest by a wainscot, and forming a short passage into a 
room. 3. A kind of arch of joiner's work before a door. 
4. A gate ; an opening for entrance. 

t PoRT'ANCE, n. [from Fr. porter, to carry.] Air ; mien , 
carriage ; port ; demeanor. Spenser. Shak. 

t PoRT'ASS, n. A breviary , a prayer-book. Spenser. 

t PoRT'A-TlVE, a. [Fr. portatif.] Portable. Chaucei . 

PoRT'-BaR, n. A bar to secure the ports of a ship in a gale 
of wind. 

PoRT'CHAR-6ES, 71. In commerce, charges to which a ship 
or its cargo is subjected in a harbor, as wharfage, &c. 

PoRT'-€RaY-ON, n. A pencil-case. Encyc. 

PoRT-€UL'LIS, 1 71. In fortification, an assemblage of tim- 

PoRT'CLUSE, S bers joined across one another, like 
those of a harrow, and each pointed with iron, hung over 
the gateway of a fortified town, to be let down in case of 
surprise, to prevent the entrance of an enemy. 

PoRT-€UL'LIS, V. t To shut ; to bar ; to obstruct. 

PoRT-€UL'LlSED, a. Having a portcullis, Shenstone. 



* See Synops 



MOVE, BQOK, Dove ;-BULL, UNITE.-€ as K ; Gas J : ffi as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. 
40 



t Obsolete, 



POR 



626 



ros 



P6RTE, n. The Ottoman court, so called from the gate of 
_the sultan's palace, where justice is administered. 

PORT'ED, a. 1. Having gates ; [ohs.] B. Jonson. 2. Borae 
in a certain or regular order. Jones. 

POR-TEND', z;. t. [L. portendo.] To foreshow j to fore- 
token ; to indicate something future by previous signs. 

POR-TEND'ED, pp. Foreshown ; previously indicated by 
signs. 

POR-TEND'ING,f>;w. Foreshowing. 

t POR-TEN'SION^ n. The act of foreshowing. 

POR-TENT', n. [L. portentum.] An omen of ill ; any pre- 
vious sign or prodigy indicating the approacli of evil or 
calamity. Dry den. 

VOR-TENT'OUS, a. [L. portentosus.] 1. Ominous ; fore- 
showmg ill. 2. Monstrous ; prodigious ; wonderful ; in 
an ill sense. 

PORT'ER, n. [It. portiere ; Fr. portier.] 1. A man that has 
the charge of a door or gate ; a door-keeper. 2. One that 
waits at the door to receive messages. 3. [Fr. porteur, 
horn porter, to carry.] A carrier ; a person who carries or 
conveys burdens for hire. 4. A malt liquor which difiers 
from ale and pale beer in being made with high-dried 
malt. 

PoRT'ER-A6E, re. 1. Money charged or paid for the car- 
riage of burdens by a porter. Tooke. 2. The business of 
a porter or door-keeper. Churchill. 

t PoRT'ER-LY, a. Coarse ; vulgar. Bray. 

PORT'ESSE. See Portass. 

PoRT'FiRE, n. A composition for setting fire to powder, 
&c., frequently used in preference to a match. 

P6RT-Fo'LI-0, n. [Fr. porte-feuille.] A case of the size of 
a large book, to keep loose papers m. 

t PORT'GLAVE, n. [Fr. porter, and W. glaiv.] A sword- 
bearer. JiinsiDorth. 

PORT'GRAVE, PoRT'GREVE, or PoRT'REEVE, 7Z. [L. 
partus, and G. graf] Formerly, the chief magistrate of a 
port or maritime town. 

PoRT'-HoLE, 71. The embrasure of a ship of war. 

PoR'TI-€0, n. [It. portico ; L. porticus.] In architecture, a 
kind of gallery on the ground, or a piazza encompassed 
with arches supported by columns ; a covered walk. 

PoR'TION, 71. [L. portio.] 1. In general, a part of any 
thing separated from it. 2. A part, though not actually 
divided, but considered by itself. 3. A part assigned ; an 
allotment ; a dividend. 4. The part of an estate given to 
a child or heir, or descending to him by law. 5. A wife's 
fortune. 

PoR'TION, V. t. 1. To divide ; to parcel ; to allot a share or 
shares. 2. To endow. 

PoR'TIONED, pp. 1. Divided into shares or parts. 2. En- 
dowed ; furnished with a portion. 

PoR'TION-ER, n. One who divides or assigns in shares. 

PQR'TION-ING, jy?/-. Dividing; endowing. 

PoRTION-IST,' 71. 1. One who has a certain academical 
allowance or portion. 2. The incumbent of a benefice 
which has more rectors or vicars than one. 

PoRT'LAND-STONE, 71 A compact sand-stone. 

PoRT'LAST, or PoR'TOISE, n. The gunwale of a ship. 

PORT'LID, 71. The lid that closes a porthole. 

PoRT'LI-NESS, n. Dignity of mien or of personal appear- 
ance, consisting in size and symmetry of body, with dig- 
nified manners and demeanor. 

PoRT'LY, a. 1. Grand or dignified in mien ; of a noble ap- 
pearance and carriage. 2. Bulky ; corpulent. 

PoRT'-MAN, 71. [port and man.l An inhabitant or burgess, 
as of a cinque-port. 

PoRT-MAN'TEAU, (port- man 'to) n. [Fr. porte-manteau. 
It is often pronounced portmaiitle.] A bag, usually made 
of leather, for carrying apparel and other furniture on 
journeys, particularly on horseback. 

PqRT'-MOTE, 71. [port, and Sax. viot.] Anciently, a court 
held in a port town. Blaclistone. 

PoR'TOISE. See Portlast. 

PoR'TRAIT, 71. [Fr. portrait.'] A picture or representation 
of a person, and especially of a face, drawn from the life. 

t PoR'TRAIT, V. t. To portray ; to draw. Spencer. 

PoR'TRAI-TURE, 71. [Fr.] A portrait; painted resemblance. 
Milton._ 

PoR-TRaY-'. v. t. [Fr. portraire.] 1. To paint or draw the 
likeness of any thing in colors. 2. To describe in words. 
3. To adorn with pictures. 

PoR-TRaY'ED, (por-trade') pp. Painted or dra-vn to the 
life ; described 

PoR-TRaY'ER, 71. One who paints, draws to the life or 
describes. 

PoR-TRaY'ING, ppr. Painting or drawing the likeness of; 
describing. 

PoR'TRESS, ) 71. [from porter.] A female guardian of a 

PoR'TER-ESS, \ gate. Mlton. 

PoRT'REVE, 71. [The modem orthography of portgreve, 
which see.] The chief magistrate of a port or maritime 
town. 

PORT '-ROPE, n. A rope to draw up a portlid. 



t POR'WIG-LE, 71. A tadpole ; a yt*aag frog. Brow* 

PoR'Y, a. Full of pores or small interstices. 

POSE, 71. In heraldry, a lion, horse or other beast standing 
still, with all his feet on the ground. 

t POSE, 71. [Sax. gepose.] A stuffing of the head ; catarrh. 
Chaucer. 

POSE, V. t. [W. posiaw ; Fr. poser.] 1. To puzzle, [a word 
of the same origin ;] to set ; to put to a stand or stop ; to 
gravel. 2. To puzzle or put to a stand by asking difficult 
questions ; to set by questions ; hence, to interrogate 
closely, or with a view to scrutiny. 

Posed, pp. Puzzled ; put to a stand ; interrogated closely. 

POS'ER, 71. One that puzzles by asking difficult questions ; 
a close examiner. 

Posing, ppr. PuzzUng; putting to a stand; questioning 
closely. 

POS'I-TED, a. [h.positus.] Put; set; placed. 

PO-Si"TION, 71. [L. positio.] 1. State of bemg placed; sit- 
uation ; often with reference to other objects, or to differ- 
ent parts of the same object. 2. Manner of standing or 
being placed ; attitude. 3. Principle laid down ; proposi- 
tion advanced or affirmed as a fixed principle, or stated as 
the ground of reasoning, or to be proved. 4. The advance- 
ment of any principle. 5. State ; condition. — 6. In gram- 
mar, the state of a vowel placed between two consonants 

t PO-Sl"TION-AL, a. Respecting position. Brown. 

POS'I-TlVE, a. [it. positivo ; Fr. positif ; Low L. post- 
tivus.] 1. Properly, set; laid down; expressed; direct; 
explicit. 2. Absolute ; express ; not admitting any con- 
dition or discretion. 3. Absolute ; real ; existing in fact ; 
opposed to negative. 4. Direct ; express ; opposed to 
circumstantial. 5. Confident; fully assured. 6. Dog- 
matic ; over-confident in opinion or assertion. 7. Settled 
by arbitrary appointment. Hooker. 8. Having power to 
act directly. 

POS'I-TlVE, 71. 1. What is capable of being affirmed ; re- 
ality. 2. That which settles by absolute appointment. — 
3. In grammar, a word that affirms or asserts existence 

POS'I-TI VE-LY, adv. 1. Absolutely ; by itself :.idependent 
of any thing else ; not comparatively, z Not negative- 
ly ; really ; in its own nature ; directly ; inherently. 

3. CertEiinly ; indubitably. 4. Directly ; explicitly ; ex- 
pressly. 5. Peremptorily ; in strong terms 6. With full 
confidence or assurance. 

POS'I-TlVE-NESS, n. 1. Actualness; reality of existence ; 
not mere negation. 2. Undoubtkig assurance ; full confi 
dence ; peremptoriness. 

t POS-I-TIV'I-TY, 71. Peremptoriness. Watts. 

jPOS'I-TURE, for posture. See Posture. 

POS'NET, 7i. [W. pos-iied.] A little basin; a porringer 
skillet or sauce-pan. Owen. 

POS-0-LOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to posology. 

PO-SOL'O-GY, 71. [Gr. noaos and 'Xoyos.] In medicine, the 
science or doctrine of doses. Amer. Dispensatory. 

POS'PO-LITE, 72. A kind of militia in Poland. 

POSS, V. t. To dash violently in water; as, to poss clothes. 

POSS, 71. 1. A water-fall. Craven dialect. 2. Aposs-lub. 

POS'SE €OM-I-Ta'TUS, i. In law, the power of the 
country, or the citizens, who are summoned to assist an 
officer"in suppressing a riot, or executing any legal pre- 
cept which is forcibly opposed. The word corrutatus is 
often omitted, and posse alone is used in the same sense. 
Blackstone. — 2. In low language, a number or crowd of 
people ; a rabble. 

* POS-SESS', V. t. [L. possessus, possideo.] 1. To have the 
just and legal title, ownei-ship or property of a thing ; to 
own ; to hold the title of, as the rightful proprietor, or to 
hold both the title and the thing. 2. To hold ; to occupy 
without title or ownership. 3. To have ; to occupy. 

4. To seize ; to gain ; to obtain the occupation of. 5. To 
have power over, as an invisible agent or spirit. Luke, 
viii. 6. To affect by some power. — To possess of, or with, 
more properly to possess of, is to give possession, com- 
mand or occupancy. — To possess one's self of, to take or 
gain possession or command ; to make one's self master 
of. — To possess with, to furnish or fill with something 
permanent ; or to be retained. Jiddison. 

* POS-SESS'ED, (pos-sesf) pp. Held by lawful title ; occu- 
pied ; enjoyed ; affected by demons or invisible agents. 

* POS-SESS'ING, ppr. Having or holding by absolute right 

or title ; occupying ; enjoying. 

* POS-SES'SION, 71. l.The having, holding or detention of 
property in one's power or command ; actual seizin or 
occupancy, 2. The thing possessed ; land, estate or goods 
owned. 3. Any thing valuable possessed or enjoyed. 
4. The state of being under the power of demons or in- 
visible beings; madness; lunacy. — Writ of possession, a 
precept directing a sheriff to put a person in peaceable 
possession of property recovered in ejectment. — To take 
possession, to enter on, or to bring within one's power 
or occupancy. — To give possession, to put in another's 
power or occupancy. 

* t POS-SES'SION, v. t. To invest with property. Carew. 



* See Synopsis, a, E, I, O, 0, Y, long.—FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. 



POS 



627 POS 



* POS-SES'SION-ER, n. One that has possession of a thing, 
or power ov&r it. [Little used ] Sidney. 

*-f OS-SESS'IVE, a. [L. possesaivus.] Pertaining to posses- 
sion ; having possession. — Possessive case, in English 
grammar, is the genitive case, or case which expresses 
possession. 

* POS-SESS'OR, n. 1. An occupant ; one that has possession. 
2. One fliat has, holds or enjoys any good or other thing. 

*POS-SESS'0-E.¥", a. Having possession. Howel.— Possesso- 
ry action^ in law, an action or suit in which the right of 
possession only, and not that of property, is contested. 

POS'SET, n. [W. posel.] Milk curdled with wine or other 
liquor. Dryden. 

POS'SET, V. t. To curdle j to turn. Shak. 

POS-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. possibilite^ The power of being 
or existing ; the power of happening ; the state of being 
possible. 

POS'SI-BLE, a. [Fr. ; It. possibile ; L. possibilis.] That 
may be or exist; that may be now, or may happen or 
come to pass ; that may be done ; not contrary to the na- 
ture of things. 

POS'SI-BLY, adv. 1. By any power, moral or physical, 
really existing. 2. Perhaps ; without absurdity. 

f PoST, a. [from Fr. aposte?-.] Suborned ; hired to do what 
is wrong. Sandys. 

Post, ?,.. [W. post .• D., Dan., Sw.post ; Fr. poste.] 1. A 
piece of timber set upright, usually larger than a stake, 
and intended to support something else. 2. A military 
station ; the place where a single soldier or a body of 
troops is stationed. 3. The troops stationed in a particu- 
lar place, or the ground they occupy. 4. A public office 
or employment, that is, a fixed place or station. 5. A 
messenger ur a carrier of letters and papers. 6. A seat or 
situation. 7. A sort of wiiting-paper, such as is used for 
letters; letter-paper. 8. An old game at cards. — To ride 
post, to be employed to carry dispatches and papers. — 
Knight of the post, a fellow suborned or hired to do a bad 
action. - 

Post, ■». i. \¥t. poster. '\ To travel with speed. 

Post, v.t. l. To fix to a post. 2. To expose to public re- 
proach by fixing the name to a post ; to expose to oppro- 
brium by some public action. 3. To advertise on a post 
or in A public place. Laics of JVew England. 4. To set ; 
to place ; to station. — 5. In book-keeping, to carry accounts 
from the waste-book or journal to the ledger. — To post off, 
to put off; to delay ; [obs.] Shak. 

Post, a Latin preposition, signifying after. It is used in 
this sense in composition in many English words. 

t PoST'A-BLE, a. That may be carried. Mountague. 

P6ST'A6E, n. 1. The price established by law to be paid 
for the conveyance of a letter in a public mail. 2. A port- 
age ; [obs.'] Smollet. 

PoST'BOY, n. A boy that rides as post ; a courier. Tatler. 

PoST'-CHaISE, n. [See Chaise.] A carriage with four 
wheels for the conveyance of travelers. 

PoST'DATE, V. t. [L. post and date.] To date after the 
real time. _ 

PoST-DI-LU'VI-AL, la. [L. postanA dduviiim.'] Being or 

PoST-DI-Lu'VI-AN, \ happening posterior to the flood 
m Noah's days. 

PoST-DI-LtJ'VI-AN, n. A person who lived after the flood, 
or who hasjived since that event. Grew. 

PoST-DIS-SeI'ZIN, n. A subsequent disseizin. 

PoST-DIS-SeI'ZOR, n. A person who disseizes another of 
lands which he had before recovered of the same person. 
Blackstone. 

PoST'E-A, n. [L.] The record of what is done in a cause 
subsequent to the joining of issue and awarding of trial. 
Blackstone. 

PoST'ED, pp. 1. Placed ; stationed. 2. Exposed on a post 
or by public notice. 3. Carried to a ledger, as accounts. 

PoST'ER, n. One who posts ; also, a courier ; one that 
travels expeditiously. 

POS-Te'RI-OR, a. [L. ; Fr. posterieur.'] 1. Later or subse- 
quent in time. 2. Later in the order of proceeding or 
moving ; coming after. 

POS-TE-RI-OR'I-TY, n. [Fr. posteriority. ] The state of be- 
ing later or subsequent. Hale. 

POS-TE'Rt-ORS, n. plu. The hinder parts of an animal 
body. Sicift. 

POS-TER'I-TY, n. [Fr. posterite ; L. posteritas.] 1. De- 
scendants ; children, children's children, &c. indefinitely; 
the race that proceeds from a progenitor. — 2. In a general 
sense, succeeding generations. Pope. 

PoS'TERN, n. [Fr. pdterne.] 1. Primarily, a back door or 
gate ; a private entrance ; hence, any small door or gate. 
Dryden. — ^2. In fortification, a small gate, usually in the 
angle of the flank of a bastion. 

PoS'TERN, a. Back ; being behind ; private. Dryden. 

PoST-EX-TST'ENCE , n. Subsequent existence. 

P6ST'-FA€T, n. That which represents or relates to a fact 
that has occurred. 

PoST'-FlNE, n. In English law, a fine due to the king by 



prerogative, after a licentia concordandi given in a fine of 
Jands and tenements. Blackstone. 

POST'FIX, n. [L. post, and j^z.] In grammar, a letter, syl- 
lable or word added to the end of another word ; a sufiix 
Parkhurst. 

PoST'FIX, V. t. To add or annex a letter, syllable or word, 
to the end of another or principal word. 

PoST-FIX'ED, (post-fixf) pp. Added to the end of a word. 

PoST-FIX'ING, ppr. Adding to the end of a word. 

PoST-HACK'NEY, n. A hired posthorse. 

PoST'-HaSTE, n. Haste or speed in traveling, like that of 
a post or courier. Shak. 

PoST'-HaSTE, adv. With speed or expedition. 

PoST'-HORSE, n. A horse stationed for the use of couriers. 

PoST'-HOUSE, n. A house where a post-office is kept for 
receiving and dispatching letters by public mails ; a post- 
office. 

t POST'HUME, a. Posthumous. Watts. 

* POST'HU-MOUS, a. [L. jfost and humus.] 1. Born after 
the death of the father, or taken from the dead body of the 
mother. 2. Published after the death of the author. 3 
Being after one's decease. 

* POST'HU-MOUS-LY, adv. After onei's decease. 
t PoST'ie, a. [L. posticus.] Backward. Brown. 
POS'TIL, n. [It. postilla.] A marginal note. 
POS'TIL, v.t. [It. postillare.] To write marginal notes 

to gloss ; to illustrate with marginal notes. Bacon. 
POS'TIL, V. i. To comment ; to make illustrations. Skelton. 
POS'TIL-ER, n. One who writes marginal notes ; one who 

illustrates the text of a book by notes in the margin. 

* POS-TILL'ION, (pos-til'yun) n. [Fr. postilion.] One thai 
rides and guides the first pair of horses in a coach or othei 
carriage ; also, one that rides one of the horses. 

PoST'ING, p^jr. 1. Setting up on a post ; exposing the name 
or character to reproach by public advertisement. 2. Plac- 
ing ; stationing. 3. Transferring accounts to a ledger. 

PoST-LI-MIN'I-AR, { a. Contrived, done or existing sub- 

PoST-LI-MIN'I-OUS, \ seauently. 

POST-LI-MIN'T-UM, ) n. [L. pose snd limen.] Postlimini- 

POST-LIM'1-NY, \ urn, among the Romans, was the 
rfeturn of a person to his own country who had gone to 
sojourn in a foreign country. — In the modem law of na- 
tions, the right of postliminy is that by virtue of which 
persons and things, taken by an enemy in war, are restor- 
ed to their former state, when coming again under the 
power of the nation to which they belonged. 

PoST'MAN, n. A post or courier ; a letter-carrier. 

PoST'MARKj n. The mark or stamp of a post-office on a 
letter. 

PoST'MAS-TER, n. The officer who has the superintend- 
ence and direction of a post-office. — Postmaster-general 
is the chief officer of the post-office department. 

PoST-ME-RID'I-AN, a. [L. postrneridianus.] Being or be- 
longing to the afternoon. Bacon. 

PoST'NATE, a. [L. post and natus.] Subsequent. [L. w.] 
Taylor. 

PoST'-NOTE, n. [post and note.] In commerce, a bank- 
note intended to be transmitted to a distant place by the 
public mail, and made payable to order. 

PoST-NUP'TIAL, a. Being or happening after marriage. 
Kent. 

PoST'-OF-FlCE, n. An office or house where letters are re- 
ceived for delivery and for transmission ; a post-house. 

PoST'-PaID, a. Having the postage paid on ; as a letter. 

PoST-PoNE', V. t. [L. postpono.] 1. To put off; to defer 
to a future or later time ; to delay. 2. To set below some- 
thing else in value or importance. 

PoST-PoN'ED, (post-pond') pp. Delayed ; defen-ed to a fu- 
ture time ; set below in value. 

PoST-PoNE'MENT, n. The act of deferring to a future 
time ; temporary delay of business. T. Pickering. 

t PoST-PO'NENCE, n. Dislike. Johnson. 

PoST-PoN'ER, 71. One who delays or puts oft'. Paley. 

PoST-PoN<lNG,;7pr. Deferring to a future time. 

PoST-PO-Sl"TION, n. ,[post and position.] The state of be- 
ing put back or out of the regular place. Mede. 

PoST-RE-MoTE', a. [post and remote.] More remote in 
subsequent time or order. Darwin. 

PoST'SCRiPT, n. [L. post and scriptum.] A paragraph 
added to a letter after it is concluded and signed by the 
writer ; or any addition made to a book or composition af- 
ter it had been supposed to be finished. Mddison. 

PoST'-TOWN, n. 1. A town in which a post-office is estab- 
lished. 2. A town in which post-horses are kept. 

POST'U-LANT, n. One who makes demand. 

POST'U-LATE, 71. [L. postulatum.] A position or supposi- 
tion assumed without proof, or one which is considered as 
self-evident, or too plain to require illustration. 

POST'U-LATE, V. t. 1. To beg or assume without proof; 
[little used.] Brown. 2. To invite ; to solicit ; to require 
by entreaty.. Burnet. 3. To assume; to take without 
positive consent. Tooke. 

POST-U-La'TION, n. [L. postulatio.] 1. The act of sup- 



* See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, DOVE }— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J 5 S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



POT 



628 



POU 



posing witliout proof; gratuitous assumption. 2. Suppli- 
cation ; intercession ; also, suit ; cause. 

FOST'U-LA-TO-RY, a. 1. Assuming without proof. 2. 
Assumed witliout proof. Broicn. 

POST-U-La'TUM, 71. [L.] A postulate. Addison. 

POST'URE, n. \Yx. ; L. positura.'\ 1. In painting and sculp- 
ture, attitude ; the situation of a figure with regard to the 
eye, and of the several principal members with regard to 
each other, by which action is expressed. 2. Situation ; 
cohdition ; particular state with regard to something else. 
3. Situation 'of the body. 4. State ; condition. 5. The 
situation or disposition of the several parts of the body 
with respect to each other, or with respect to a particular 
purpose. 6. Disposition ; frame. 

POST'tTPE, V. t. To place in a particular manner ; to dis- 
pose the parts of a body for a particular purpose. 

POST'UHE-MaS'TER, a. One that teaches or practices ar- 
tificial postures of the body. Spectator. 

Po'SY, n. [qu. poesy.] 1. A motto inscribed on a ring, (fee. 
Addison. 2. A bunch of flowers. Spenser. 

POT, n. [Fr. pot ; Ir. pota ; Sw.potta ; Ban. potte ; W.pot.] 
1. A vessel more deep than broad, made of earth, or iron 
or other metal, used for several domestic purposes. 2. A 
sort of paper of small-sized sheets. — To ffo to pot, to be de- 
stroyed, ruined, wasted or expended ; [a low phrase.] 

POT, V. t. 1. To preserve seasoned in pots. 2. To inclose 
or cover in pots of earth. 3. To put in casks for draining. 

Po'TA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; Low L. potabilis.] Drinkable ; that 
may be drank. Milton. 

PO'Ti\-BLE, 71. Something that may be drank. 

PO'TA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being drinkable. 

POT'AGE, 71. [Fr. ; It. potag^o.] A species of food made 
of meat boiled to softness" in water, usually with some 
vegetables. 

P0T'A-6ER, 71. [from potage.] A pon'inger. Oreic. 

PO-TAG'RO, or PO-TAR'GO, n. A kind of pickle imported 
from the West Indies, King. 

Po'TAXCE, 71. With -icatchmakers, the stud in which the 
lower pivot of the verge is placed. Scott. 

POTASH, 71. [pot and a-'hes ; D. potasch ; Dan. potaske ; 
Fr. potasse.] The popular name of vegetable fixed alkali 
in an impure state, procured from the ashes of plants by 
lixiviation and evaporation. 

PO-TAS'SA, n. The scientific name of potash. 

PO-TAS'SI-UM, 71, A name given to the metallic basis of 
vegetable alkali or potash. 

PO-Ta'TION, n. [L. potatio.] 1, A di'inking or drinking 
bout. 2. A draught, 3, A species of drink, 

PO-Ta'TO, 71. [Ind, batatas.] A plant and esculent root of 
the genus so^anum, a native of America, 

POT'-BEL-LIED, a. Having a prominent belly. 

POT'-BEL-LY, 71. A protuberant belly. 

t POTCH, V. t. [Fr. pocher ; Eng. to poke.] 1. To thrust ; 
to push. SAaA-. 2. To poach ; to boil slightly. Wiseman. 

POTCH, V. i. [Fr, pocher.] To push ; to thrust, Shak. 

POT-€OM-P.AiSf'ION, n. A companion in drinking, 

POT'-HOUSE, 71. An ale-house. Warton. 

PoTE'LOT, 71. The sulphuret of molybden. 

Po'TEXCE, n. In heraldry, a cross, whose ends resemble 
^he head of a crutch. Encyc. 

Po'TEN-CY, 71. [L. potentia.] 1. Power; physical power, 
energy or efficacy ; strength. 2. Moral power ; influence ; 
authority, 

Po'TE^T, a. [L. potent.] 1. Powerful ; physically strong ; 
forcible ; efficacious. 2. Powerful, in a moral sense ; hav- 
ing great influence. 3. Having great authority, control or 
dominion. 

fPo'TENT, n. 1. A prince; a potentate. Shak. 2. A 
walking stafi" or crutch. Chaucer. 

t Po'TEN-TA-CY, n. Sovereignty. Barrow. 

PO'TEN-TATE, n. [Fr. pctentat : Jt. potentato.] A person 
who possesses great power or sway ; a prince ; a sove- 
reign ; an emperor, king or monarch. 

PO-TEX'TIAL, a. [L. potentialis.] 1. Having power to 
impress on us the ideas of certain qualities, though the 
qualities are not inherent in the thing. 2. Existing in 
possibility, not in act. 3. Efficacious : powerful ; [obs.] 
— Potential mode, in grawmar, is that form of the verb 
which is used to express the jiower, possibility, liberty or 
necessity of an action or of being. 

PO-TEXTIAL, 71. Any thing that may be possible. 

PO-TEX-TIAL'I-TY, 7!. Possibility ; not actuality. Taylor. 

PO-TEXTIAL^LY, adv. 1. In possibility ; not in act ; not 
positively. 2. In efficacy, not in actuality. 

Po TENT-LY, adv. Powerfully ; with great forc« or en- 
er^-v. 

Po'TENT-NESS, n. Powerfulness ; strength ; might. [Little 
used-.] 

TPo'1'ES-TA-TIVE, a. [L.potestas.] Authoritative. 

I POTGUN, for popgun. Sicift. 

POT'-HANG-ER, n. [pot and hanger.] A pot-hook, 

POTH'E-€A-RY. Contracted from apothecary, and very 
vulgar, 

*POTH'ER, n. [This word is vulgarly pronounced bother.] 



1, Bustle ; confusion ; tumult ; flutter [low.] Swift. 2 
A suffocating cloud, Draifton. 

* POTH'ER, V. i. To make a blustering, ineffectual effort , to 
make a stir, 

* POTH'ER, V. t. To harass and perplex ; to puzzle. 
POT'HERB, (pot'erb) 7i, An herb for the pot or for cookery 

a culinary plant, Arbuthnot. 

POT'-HOOK, n. 1. A hook on which pots and kettles are 
hung over the fire. 2. A letter or character like a pot- 
hook ; a scrawled letter. 

PO'TION, n. [Fr. ; Tu. potio.l A draught; usually , xiMqai^ 
medicine ; a dose. JSJilton. 

POT'LID, 71. The lid or cover of a pot. Derham. 

POT'-MAN, n. A pot companion. 

POT'SHARE, ) n. [pot, and Sax. sceard ; D. potscherf.] A 

POT SHERD, ) piece or fragment of a broken pot. Job ii 

POT'STOXE, n. A mineral ; a variety of steatite. 

P0T'TA6E, 72, Broth ; soup. See Potage. 

POT'TED, pp. Preserved or drained in a pot or cask. 

POT'TER, 71. One whose occupation is to make earthen 
vessels, Dryden. 

POT'TER, V. t. 1. To poke ; to push ; as, to potter the fire 
JVorth of England. 2. To pother; to disturb; to confound, 

POT'TERN-ORE, 71. A species of ore. Boyle. 

POT'TER-Y, 71. [Fr, poterie:] 1, The vessels or ware made 
by potters ; earthen ware, 2. The place where earthen 
vessels are manufactured. 

POT'TING, 71. 1. Drinking ; tippling.— 2, In the West Indies, 
the process of putting sugar in casks for draining. 

POT'TING, ppr. Preserving in a pot ; draining, as above ; 
drinking. 

POT TLE,7!. [W.potel.] 1. r^ ^^aiA measure of four pmts. 
2. A vessel ; a pot or tankard. 

fPOT'U-LENT, a. [L, potuUntus.] 3 Pretty much in 
drink. Diet. 2, Fit to drink. 

POT-VAL'IAXT, a. [jpot and valiant.] Courageous over 
the cup ; heated to valor by strong drink. 

POUCH, n. [Yi.poche.] 1, A small bag ; usually , ^ leaih- 
ern bag to be carried in the pocket. 2. A protuberant 
belly. 3, The bag or sack of a fowl, as that of the 
pelican. 

POUCH, V. t. 1. To pocket ; to save, 2, To swallow ; used 
of fowls, whose crop is called, in French, poche.' 3. To 
pout ; [obs.] 

t POUCH'-MOUTHED, a. Blubber-lipped. Ainsicorth. 

t PoUL'-Da-VIS, 71. A sort of sail-cloth. Ainswarth. 

POULE. See Pool. 

t PoULT, n. [Fr. pouletj] A young chicken. [Little used.] 

POUE'TER-ER, or PoUE'TER, 71. [^oxm. poltaire.] l.One 
who makes it his business to sell fowls for the table. 2. 
Formerly, in England, an officer of the king's household, 
_who had the charge of the poultry. 

Poultice, 7!. [ll.polta;'L.puls,pultis.] A cataplasm; 
a soft composition to be applied to sores. 

PoUL'TlCE, V. t. To applv a cataplasm to. 

fPoUL'TIVE, for poultice. Temple. 

PoUL'TRY, 7!. [from Fr. poule, poulet.] Domestic fowls 
which are propagated and fed for the table. 

PoUL'TRY-YaRD, n. A yard or place where fowls are 
kept for the use of the table, 

POUXCE, (pouns) n. [Fr. pierre-ponce.] 1. Gum-sandarach 
pulverized, 2, Charcoal dust inclosed. Cyc. 3. Cloth 
worked in eyelet-holes, Todd. 

POUNCE, V. t. To sprinkle or rub with pounce. 

POUNCE, n. The claw or talon of a bird of prey. 

POUNCE, V. t. To fall on suddenly ; to fall on and seize 
with the claws. 

POUNCE'-BOX, ) 7?. A small box with a perforated lid, 

POUN'CET-BOX, \ used for sprinkling pounce on paper. 

POUNCED, pp. Furnished with c'aws or talons. 

POUND, 71, [Sax., Goth., Sw., Dan, pund ; D. pond.] 1, A 
standard vveight consisting of twelve ounces troy or six- 
teen ounces avoirdupois. 2, A mone3'- of account consist- 
ing of twenty shillings, the value of which is different in 
different countries. The pound sterling is equivalent to 
$4 44. 44 cts. money of the United States. 

POUND, 77. [Bax. pyndan, piiidan.] An inclosure erected by 
authority, in which cattle or other beasts are confined 
when taken in trespassing, or going at large in violation 
of law; a pin -fold. 

POUND, V. t. To confine in a public pound. 

POUND, v.t. [Sax. punian.] 1. To beat; to strike with 
some heavy instrument. Dryden. 2. To comminute and 
pulverize by beating. 

POUND' A6E, 71. 1. A sum deducted from a pound, or a cer- 
tain sum paid for each pound. Swift. — 2. In England, a 
subsidy of 12(Z. in the pound, granted to the crown on all 
goods exported or imported. 

POUND'BReACH, 71. The breaking of a public pound for 
releasing beasts confined in it. Blackstone. 

POUND'ED, pp. 1. Beaten or bruised with a heavy instru- 
ment ; pulverized or broken by pounding, 2. Confined 
in a pound ; impounded, 

POUND'ER, n. 1, A pestle ; the instrument of pounding. 



See Synopsis. A E, I, O, U, Y, long.—FA^ ^ALL, WHAT ,— PREY ;— HN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



POW 



629 



PRA 



2. A person or thing denominated from a certain number 

of pounds. 3. A large peeir. 
POUND FOOL'ISH. The phrase penny wise and pound 

fvolish signifies negligent in the care of large sums, but 

careful to save small sums. 
POUNP'ING, ppr. Beating J bruising; pulverizing; im- 

poui-ding 
POUP'E-TON, n. [Fr. poupce.] A puppet or little baby, 
t POU'Pl€S, n. Veal steaks and slices of bacon. 
P5U PIES, n. In cookery, a mess of victuals made of veal 

steaks and slices of bacon. Bailey. 
♦POUR, (pore) v. t. [W. bwrw.] 1. To throw, as a fluid 

in a stream, either out of a vessel or into it. 2. To emit ; 

to send forth in a stream or continued succession. 3. To 

send ;'orth. 4. To throw in profusion or with overwhelm- 
ing force. 

* PoQR, V. i. 1. To flow ; to issue forth in a stream, or con- 
tinued succession of parts ; to move or rush, as a current. 

2. To rush in a crowd or continued procession. 

* PqURED, pp. Sent forth ; thrown, as a fluid. 

* PoUR ER, n. One that pours. 

* PoUR'ING, ppr. Sending, as a fluid ; driving in a current 
or continued stream. 

PoUR'LlEU. See Purlieu. 

POUR-PREST'URE, ti. [Fr. pour and pris.] In laxc, a 
wrongful inclosure or encroachment on another's property. 
POUR'SUI-VANT. See Pursuivant. 
POUR-VEY'ANCE. See Purveyance. 
POUSSE, corrupted from, pulse, peas. Spenser. 
POUT, n. 1. A fish of the genus gadus. 2. A bird. Carew. 

3. A fit of sullenness ; [colloquial.] 

POUT, V. i. [Fr. bonder.'] 1. To thrust out the lips, as in 
sullenness, contempt or displeasure ; hence, to look sullen. 
Shak. 2. To shoot out ; to be prominent. Dryden. 

POUTING, ppr. 1. Shooting out, as the lips. 2. Looking 
sullen. 

POV'ER-TY, n. [Norm, pouerii ; Fr. pauvrete ; It. povertd ; 
L. paupertas.] 1. Destitution of property ; indigence ; 
want of convenient means of subsistence. 2. Barrenness 
of sentiment or ornament ; defect. 3. Want ; defect of 
words. 

POWDER, 71. [Ft. poudre.] 1. Any dry substance com- 
posed of minute particles. 2. A composition of saltpe- 
tre, sulphur and charcoal, mixed and granulated ; gun- 
powder. 3. Hair-powder ; pulverized starch. 

POWDER, V. t. 1. To reduce to fine particles ; to commi- 
nute ; to pulverize ; to triturate ; to pound, grind or rub 
into fine particles. 2. To sprinkle with powder. 3. To 
sprinkle with salt ; to com ; as meal. 

t POWDER, V. i. To come violently. L'Estr^ange. 

POWDER-BOX, n. A box in which hair-powder is kept. 
Oay. 

POW'DER-€ART, n. A cart that carries powder and shot 
for artillery. 

POW'DER-CHEST, n. A small box or case charged with 
powder, old nails, &c. fastened to the side of a ship, to be 
discharged at an enemy attempting to board. 

POWDERED, pp. Reduced to powder; sprinkled with 
powder ; corned ; salted. 

POWDER-FLASK, n. A flask in which gunpowder is 
carried. 

POWDER-HORN, n. A horn in which gunpowder is car- 
ried by sportsmen. Smft. 

POWDER-ING,ppr. Pulverizing ; sprinkling with powder ; 
corning ; salting. 

POW'DER-ING-TUB, n. 1. A tub or vessel in which meat 
is corned or salted. 2. The place where an infected lecher 
is cured. 

POWDER-I\nLL,ra. A mill in which gunpowder is made. 

POWDER-MlNE, n. A cavern in which powder is to be 
placed, so as to be fired at a proper time. Rowley. 

POWDER-ROOM, n. The apartment in a ship where gun- 
powder is kept. Waller. 

POW'DER-Y, a. i. Friable ; easily crumbling to pieces. 2. 
Dustv ; sprinkled with powder. 3. Resembling powder. 

POWDiKE, ?!. Amarehor fen dike. [Local.] 

POWER, 71. [Fr.pouvoir; liiorm. pov are.] 1. In a philo- 
sopJucal sense, the faculty of doing or performing any thing ; 
the faculty of moving or of producing a change in some- 
thing ; ability or strength. 2. Force ; animal strength. 3. 
Force; strength; energy. 4. Faculty of the. mind, as 
manifested by a particular mode of operation. 5. Ability ; 
natural or moral. — 6. In mechanics, that which produces 
motion or force, or which may be applied to produce it. 
7. Force. 8. That quality, in any natural body, which pro- 
duces a change or makes an impression on another body. 
9. Force ; strength ; momentum. 10. Influence ; that 
which may move the mind. 11. Command ; the right of 
governing, or actual government ; dominion ; rule ; sway ; 
authority. 12, A sovereign, whether emperor, king or 
governing prince, or the legislature of a state. 13. One 
invested with authority ; a ruler; a civil magistrate. Rom. 
xiii. 14. Divinity ; a celestial or invisible being or agent 
supposed to have dominion over some part of creation. 



15. That which has physical power ; an aimy ; a navy ; 
a host ; a military force. 16. Legal authority ; warrant. — 
17. In arithmetic and algebra, the product arising from the 
multiplication of a number or quantity into itself; as, a 
cube is the third ;?oMer. — 18. In Scripture, right ; privilege. 
John i. 19. Angels, good or bad. Col. i. 20. Violence 
force; compulsion. Ezek. iv. 21. Christ is called the 
Power of God. 1 Cor. i.— 22. The powers of heaven may 
denote the celestial luminaries. Matt. xxiv. 23. Satan 
is said to have the power of death.— '2'^. In vulgar lan- 
guage, a large quantity ; a great number. — Power of attor- 
ney, authority given to a person to act for another. 

fPOW'ER-A-BLE, a. Capable of performing any thing. 

POW'ER-FUL, a. 1. Having great physical or mechanical 
power ; strong ; forcible ; mighty. 2. Having great moral 
power; forcible to persuade or convince the mind. 3. 
Possessing great political and military power ; strong in 
extent of dominion or national resources ; potent. 4. Efii- 
caciuus ; possessing or exerting great force, or producing 
great effects. — 5. In general, able to produce great efiects ; 
exerting great force or energy. 6. Strong ; intense. 

POW'ER-FUL LY, adv. W ith great force or energy ; po- 
tently ; mishtily ; with great effect ; forcibly. 

POW'ER-FUL-N£SS, n. The quality of having or exerting 
great power; force: power; might. Hakeicdl. 

POWER-LESS, a. Destitute of power ; weak; impotent. 

POWER-LOOM, n. A loom moved bv mechanical ])ower. 

POWL'DRON, ?'. [qu. Fr. ep«tt;V.] In herald,- a, ihiyX^dLii 
of armor which covers the shoulders. 

POW'TER, or POU'TER, n. A variety of the common do- 
mestic pigeon, with an inflated breast. 

POX, 71. [a corruption of pocks ; Sax. poc, or pace ; D. pok. 
It is properly a plural word, but by usage is singular.] 
Strictly, pustules or eruptions of any kind, but chiefly or 
wholly restricted to three or four diseases, the small-pox, 
chicken-pox, the vaccine and the venereal diseases. Pox, 
when used without an epithet, signifies the latter, lues 
venerea. 

POY, n. [Sp. apoyo.] A rope-dancer's pole. 

POZE, for pose, to puzzle. See Pose. 

t PRACTIC, was formerly used for practical, and Spenser 
uses it in the sense of artful, sly. 

PRA€-TI-€A-BIL'I-TY, ; n. The quality or state of be- 

PRA€'TI-€A-BLE-NESS, ] ing practicable ; feasibility. 

PRA€'TI-€A-BLE, a. [Fx.praticable ; It. praticabile ; Sp. 
practicable] 1. That may be done, effected or perfonned 
by human means, or by powers that can be applied. It 
is sometimes sjaionymous with possible, but the words 
differ in this : possible is applied to that which might be 
performed, if the necessary powers or means couldl»e ob- 
tained ; practicable is limited in its application to things 
which are to be performed by the means given, or which 
may be applied. It was possible for Archimedes to lift 
the world, but it was not practicable. 2. That may be 
practiced. 3. That admits of use, or that may be passed 
or traveled. In military affairs, a practicable breach is one 
that can be entered by troops. 

PRA€'TI-CA-BLY, adv. In such a manner as may be per- 
formed. Rogers. 

PRA€'TI-CAL, a. [L. practicus ; It. pratico ; Fr. pratique.] 

1. Pertaining to practice or action. 2. Capable of prac- 
tice or active use ; opposed to speculative. South. 3. That 
may be used in practice ; that may be applied to use. 4. 
That reduces his knowledge or theories to actual use. 5. 
Derived from practice or experience. 

PRA€'TI-€AL-LY, adzj. 1. In relation to practice. 2. By 
means of practice or use ; by experiment. 3. In practice 
or use. 

PRA€'TI-€AL-NESS, n. The quality of being practical. 

PRAC'TlCE, 71. [Sp. practica ; It. pratica : Ft. pratique.] 1. 
Frequent or customary actions ; a succession of acts of a 
similar kind or in a like employment. 2. Use ; custom- 
ary use. 3. Dexterity acquired by use ; [unusual.] Shak. 
4. Actual performance ; distinguished from theory. 5. 
Application of remedies ; medical treatment of diseases, 
fi Exercise of any profession. 7. Frequent use ; exercise 
for instruction or discipline 8. Skillful or artful manage- 
ment ; dexterity in contrivance or the use of means ; art ; 
stratagem ; artifice ; usually in a bad sense. 9. A rule in 
arithmetic, by which the operations of the general rules 
are abridged in use. 

PRACTICE, V. t. [from the noun. The orthography of the 
verb ought to be the same as of the noun ; as in notice and 
to notice.] 1. To do or perform Irequently, customarily or 
habitually. 2. To use or exercise any profession or art. 
3. To use or exercise for instruction, discipline or dexter- 
ity. 4. To commit; to perpetrate. Marshall. 5. To use ; 
[unusual.] Mitford. 

PRACTICE, v. i. 1. To perform certain acts frequently or 
customarily, either for instruction, profit or amusement. 

2. To form a habit of acting in any manner. 3. To trans- 
act or negotiate secretly. 4. To toy artifices. 5. To use 
evil arts or stratagems. 6. To use medical methods or 
experiments. 7. To exercise any employment or profession. 



* See Synopsis. MoVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE € a3K;6asJ;SasZ;CHasSH;THasin t1m. ^ Obsolete. 



PRA 



630 



PRE 



PRAC'TICED, pp Done by a repetition of acts ; customari- 
ly performed or ised. 

PK,A€'TI-CER, n 1 One that practices ; one that custom- 
arily perfoims certain acts. 2. One who exercises a pro- 
fession. 

PRACTI-CING, ppr. Performing or using customarily; 
exercising, as an art or profession. 

t PRA€'TI-SANT, n. An agent. Shak. 

PRA€-Ti"TION-ER, n. 1. One who is engaged in the actual 
use or exercise of any art or profession, particularly in law 
or medicine. 2. One who does any thing customarily 
or habitually. Whitgifte. 3. One that practices sly or 
dangerous arts. South. 

PR^-eOG'NI-TA, n. plu. [L. before known.] Things 
previously known in order to understand something else. 

PR^M-U-NI'RE, w. [L.] 1. A writ, or the offense for 
which it IS granted. 2. The penalty incurred by infring- 
ing a statute. 

PRAG-MAT'ie, ) a. [L. pragmaticus.'] Forward to 

PRAG-MAT'I-€AL, ) intermeddle ; meddling ; imperti- 
nently busy or officious in tlie concerns of others, without 
leave or invitation. — Praginatic sanction, in the German 
empire, the settlement made by Charles VI. the emperor, 
who, in 1722, having no sons, settled his hereditary do- 
minions on his eldest daughter, the archduchess Maria.— 
In the civil law, pragmatic sanction may be defined, a 
rescript or answer of the sovereign, delivered by advice 
of his council, to some college, order or body of people, who 
consult him in relation to the affairs of their community . 

PRAG-MAT'I-eAL-LY, adv. In a meddling manner ; im- 
pertinently. 

PRAG-MAT'I-€AL-NESS, n. Thequality of intermeddling 
without right or invitation. 

PRAG'MA-TIST, n. One who is impertinently busy or 
meddling. Reynolds. 

PRAIR'IE, )n. [Fr, prairie.] An extensive tract of land, 

PRAIR'Y, ) mostly level, destitute of trees, and covered 
with tall coarse grass. Western States. 

t PR^IS'A-BLE, a. That may be praised. Wickliffe. 

PRaISE, n. [D. prys ; G. preis ; Dan. priis ; Sw. pns ; W, 
pris ; Fr. priz ; It. prezio ; Sp. precio.] 1. Commendation 
bestowed on a person ; approbation expressed. Praise 
may he expressed by an individual, and in this circum- 
stance differs from fame, renown and celebrity, which are 
the expression of the approbation of numbers, or public 
commendation. When praise is applied to the expression 
of public approbation, it may be synonymous with renown, 
or nearly so. A man may deserve the praise of an indi- 
vidual, or of a nation. 2. The expression of gratitude for 
persona] favors conferred ; a glorifying or extolling. 3. 
The object, ground or reason of praise. 

PRaISE, y. t. [D. pryzen; pryzeeren; G.preisen; Dan. 
priser.] 1. To commend ; to applaud ; to express appro- 
bation of personal worth or actions. 2. To extol in 
words or song ; to magnify ; to glorify on account of 
perfections or excellent works. 3. To express gratitude 
for personal favors. Ps. cxxxviii. 4. To do honor to ; to 
display the excellence of. 

PRAISED, pp. Commended ; extolled. 

t PRaISE'FUL, a. Laudable ; commendable. Sidney. 

PRaIS'ER, n. One who praises, commends or extols ; an 
applauder ; a commender. Sidney. 

PRaISE'LESS, a. Without praise or commendation. 

PRAISE-'WoR-THI-LY, adv. In a manner deserving of 
commendation. Spenser. 

PRaISE'W6R-THI-NESS, M. The quality of deserving 
commendation. Smith. 

PRaISE'WoR-THY, a. Deserving of praise or applause ; 
commendable, Arhuthnot. 

PRAISING, ;?pr. Commending; extolling in words. 

PRAM, ) 71. [D.praan..] 1. A flat-bottomed boat or lighter, 

PRAME, \ used in Holland. — 2. In military affairs, a 
kind of floating battery or flat-bottomed vessel, mounting 
several cannon ; used in covering the disembarkation of 
troops, 

PRAiXCE, (prans) v. i. [W. pranciaw.] 1. To spring or 
bound, as a horse in high mettle. 2. To ride with bound- 
ing movements ; to ride ostentatiously. 3. To walk or 
strut about in a showy manner or with warlike parade. 

PRaN'CING, ppr. Springhag ; bounding ; riding with gal- 
lant show. 

PRAN'CIiVG, n. A springing or bounding, as of a high- 
spirited horse. Judg. v. 

PRANK, u.t. [G.prangen; D. pronken.] To adorn in a 
showy manner; to dress or adjust to ostentation. Milton. 

PRANK, 71. [W.pranc] 1. A wild flight; a capering; a 
gambol. 2. A capricious action ; a ludicrous or merry 
trick, or a mischievous act, rather for sport than injury. 

PRANK, a. Frolicksome ; full of gambols or tricks. 

PR \NKT ' i ^' ^^omed in a showy manner. 

PRANK ER, 71. One that dresses ostentatiously, 

PRANK'ING, ppr. Setting off or adorning for display. 

PRANK'ING, n. Oirtentatious display of dress. 



PRASE, 71. A silicious mineral. Cleaveland. 

PRA'SON, (pra'sn) n. [Gr. npaaov.] A leek ; also, a sea- 
weed green as a leek. Bailey. 

PRATE, V. i. [D. praaten.] To talk much and witliout 
weight, or to little purpose ; to be loquacious. Skak 

PRATE, V. t. To utter foohshly. Dryden. 

PRATE, ?i. Continued talk to little purpose; trifling talk; 
unmeaning loquacity. Shak. 

PRAT'ER, n. One that talks much to little purpose, or on 
trifling subjects. Southern. 

PRAT'ie, or PRAT'iaUE, n. [It. pratica ; Sp. practica ; 
Fr. pratique.] In commerce, primarily, converse ; inter- 
coiuse. Hence, a license or permission to hold intercourse 
and trade with the inliabitants of a place, after having 
performed quarantine, or upon a certificate that the ship 
did not come from an infected place ; a term used partic- 
ularly in the south of Europe. 

PRaT'ING, ppr. Talking much on a trifling subject ; talk- 
ing idly. 

PRAT'ING-LY, adv. With much idle talk ; with loquacity. 

PRAT'TLE, V. i. [dim. of prate.] To talk much and idly ; 
to be loquacious on trifling subjects. Locke. 

PRAT'TLE, n. Trifling talk ; loquacity on trivial subjects. 

PRAT'TLE-MENT, n. Prattle. Hayley. 

PRAT'TLER, n. An idle talker Herbert. 

PRAT'TLING, ppr. Talking much on trivial affairs. 

PRAV'I-TY, n. [L.pravitas.] Deviation from right ; moral 
perversion ; want of rectitude ; corrupt state. South. 

PRAWN, n. A small crustaceous fish. Encyc. 

PRAX'IS, n. [L.] 1. Use; practice. Coventry. 2. An 
example or form to teach practice. Lowth. 

PRAY, ?;. i. [Yx.prier; It. pregare ; L, prccor.] 1. To ask 
with earnestness or zeal, as for a favor, or for something 
desirable ; to entreat ; to supplicate. 2. To petition ; to 
ask, as for a favor ; as in application to a legislative 
body.— 3. In worship, to address the Supreme Being with 
solemnity and reverence, with adoration, confession ol 
sins, supplication for mercy, and thanksgiving for bless- 
ings received. 4. I pray, that is, I pray you tell me, ox 
let me know, is a common mode of introducing a question. 

FRAY,v.t. I. To supplicate; to entreat; to urge. — 2. In 
worship, to supplicate ; to implore ; to ask witli reverence 
and humility. 3. To petition. 4. To ask or entreat in 
ceremony or form. — To pray in aid, in law, is to call in for 
help one who has interest in the cause. 

PRAY'ER, n. 1. In a general sense, the act of asking for a 
favor, and particularly with earnestness. — 2. In worship, a 
solemn address to the Supreme Being. 3. A formula of 
church service, or of worship, public or private. 4. Prac- 
tice of supplication, 5. That part of a memorial or petition 
to a public body, which specifies the request as distinct 
from the recital of facts or reasons. 

PRAY'ER-BOOK, n. A book containing prayers or the 
forms of devotion, public or private. Swift. 

PRAY'ER-FUL, a. 1. Devotional ; given to prayer. 2. 
Using much praver. 

PRAY'ER-FUL-LY, adv. With much prayer. 

PRAY'ER-LESS, a. Not using prayer; habitually neglect- 
ing the duty of prayer to God. 

PRAY'ER-LESS-NESS, n. Total or habitual neglect of 
prayer. T. H. Skinner. 

PRAY'ING, ppr. Asking ; supplicating. 

PRAY'ING-LY, adv. With supplication to God. 

PRE, an English prefix, is the L. ^jve, before, probably a 
contracted word ; Russ. pred. It expresses priority of 
time or rank. 

PREACH, v. i. [D. preeken ; Fr, pr§cher.] 1, To pronounce 
a public discourse on a religious subject, or from a text of 
Scripture. 2. To discourse on the gospel way of salvation, 
and exhort to repentance, 

PReACH, Tj, i. I. To proclaim; to publish in religious 
discourses. 2. To inculcate in public discourses. — To 
preach up, to discourse in favor of, Dryden. 

t PReACH, n. A religious discourse. Hooker. 

PREACHED, pp. Proclaimed ; announced in public dis- 
course ; inculcated. 

PReACH'ER, ?),, ], One who discourses pubhcly on religious 
subjects. 2, One that inculcates any thing with earnestness 

tPREACH'ER-SHIP,7i. The office of a preacher, 

FRilACWING, ppr. Proclaiming; publishing in discourse ; 
iiiculcating, 

PREACHING, n. The act of preaching ; a public religious 
discourse, Milner. 

PReACH'MAN, w. A preacher; in contempt. Howell. 

PReACH'MENT, 71. A discourse or sermon ; in contempt ; 
a discourse affectedly solemn. Shak. 

PRE-AC-aUAINT'ANCE, n. Previous acquaintance. 

PRE-A€-aUAlNT'ED, a. Previously acquainted. 

PRE-AD'AM-ITE, n. [pre, before, and Adam.] An inhab- 
itant of the earth that lived before Adam. Pereyra. 

PRE-AD-AM-IT'I€, a. Designating what existed before 
Adam. Kirwan. 

PRE-AD-MIN-TS-TRa'TION,7i. Previous administration. 

PRE-AD-MON'ISH, v. t. To admonish previously. 



* See Synopsis, a, E, I, O, t), "2, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— j Obsolete 



PRE 



C31 



PRE 



PRE-AD-MO-Ni''TIDN, n. Previous warning or admoni- 
tion. 

PKk'AM-BLE, n. [It. preambolo ; Sp. preambulo ; Fr. pre- 
ambule.] 1. Something previous ; introduction to a dis- 
course or writing. 2. The introductory part of a statute, 
which states the reasons and intent of the law. 

PRe'AM-BLE, v. t. To preface ; to introduce with previous 
remarks. Feltham. 

fPJlE-AM'BU-LA-RY, orfPRE-AM'BU-LOUS, a. Previ- 
ous ; introductorv. Brown. 

PRE-AM'BU-LATE, ■». i [L. prm and ambulo.] To wallc 
or go before. Jordan. 

PRE-AM-BU-La'TION, n. 1, A preamble ; [obs.] Chaucer. 
2. A walking or going before. 

PRE-AM'BU-I/A-TO-RY, a. Going before ; preceding. 

PRE-AN-TE-PE-NUL'Tl-MATE, n. The fourth syllable 
from the last. 

PRE-AP-PRE-HEN'SION, n. An opinion fonned before 
examination. Brown. 

t PReASE, n. Press ; crowd. [See Press.] Chapman. 

PkeAS'ING, ppr. or a. Crowding. Spenser. 

PRE-AU'DI-ENCE, n. Precedence or rank at the bar among 
lawyers ; right of previous audience. Blackstone. 

PREB'END, u. [It. prebenda ; Sp. prebenda ( Fr. prebende.l 

1. The stipend or maintenance granted out of the estate 
of a cathedral or collegiate church. 2. A prebendary ; 
[oSs.l 

PRE-BEND'AL, a. Pertaining to a prebend. Chesterfield. 
PREB'EN-DA-RY, n. [Fr. prebendier.] An ecclesiastic 

who enjoys a prebend ; the stipendiary of a cathedral 

church. Swift. 
PREB'EN-DA-RY-SHIP, n. The oiiice of a prebendary ; a 

canonry. Wotton. 
PRE-€a'RI-OUS, a. [L. precarlus.] I. Depending on the 

will or pleasure of another ; held by courtesy ; liable to be 

changed or lost at the pleasure of another. 2. Uncertain ; 

heid by a doubtful tenure ; depending on unknown or 

unforeseen causes or events. 
PRE-€a'RI-OUS-LY, adv. At the will or pleasure of others : 

dependently ; by an uncertain tenure. 
PRE-€a'RI-OUS-NESS, n. Uncertainty j dependence on 

the will or pleasure of others, or on unknown events. 
PRE€'A-TiVE, ; a. [L. precor.] Suppliant ; beseeching. 
PRE€'A-TO-RY, \ Harris. 
PRE-CAU'TION, 71. [Fr. ; Ij. precautus ] Previous caution 

or care ; caution previously employed to prevent mischief 

or secure good in possession. 
PRE-€AU'TION, ?5.i. To warn or advise beforehand for 

preventing mischief or securing good. Locke. 
PRE-€AU'tlON-AL, a. Preventive of mischief. 
PRE-€AU'TION-A-RY, a. I. Containing previous caution. 

2. Proceeding from previous caution ; adapted to prevent 
mischief or secure good. 

PREC-E-Da'NE-OUS, a. [from precede, L. prcecedo.] Pre- 
ceding ; antecedent ; anterior. Hale. 

PRE-CeDE', v. t. [L. prcecedo.'] 1. To go before in the or- 
der of time. 2. To go before in rank or importance. 3. 
To cause something to go before ; to make to take place in 
prior time. 

PRE-CeD'ED, pp. Being gone before. 

PRE-CeD'ENCE, \n. 1. The act or state of going before ; 

PRE-CeD'EN-CY, \ priority in time. 2. The state of 
going or being befors in rank or dignity or the place of 
honor ; the right to a more honorable place. 3. The fore- 
most in ceremony. 4. Superiority ; superior importance 
or influence. 

PRE-CeD'ENT, a. Going before in time ; anterior ; ante- 
cedent. Hale. 

PREC'E-DENT, n. 1. Something done or said, that may 
serve or be adduced as an example to authorize a subse- 
quent act of the like kind. — 2. In law, a judicial decision, 
interlocutory or final, which serves as a rule for future 
determinations in similar or analogous cases. 

PREC'E-DENT-ED, a. Having a precedent ; authorized by 
an ex^m.ple of a like kind. 

PRE-Ce'DENT-LY, adv. Beforehand ; antecedently. 

t PRE-CEL'LENCE, 71. Excellence. Sheldon. 

PRE-CEN'TOR, 71. [Low L. praicentor ; Fr. precenteur.] 
The leader of the choir in a cathedral. Encyc. 

PRe'CEPT, 7?.. [Fr.preccpte; Sp. precepto ; !>. prceceptum .] 
1. In a general sense, any commandinent or order intended 
as an authoritative rule of action ; but applied particularly 
to commands respecting moral conduct. — 2. In law, a 
command or mandate in writing. 

t PRE-CEP'TIAL, a. Consisting of precepts. Shak. 

t PRE-CEP'TION, 71. A precept. Hall. 

PRE-CEP'TIVE, a. [!•. prceceptivus.] 1. Giving precepts or 
commands for the regulation of moral conduct ; containing 
precepts. 2. Directing in moral conduct ; giving rules or 
directions ; didactic. 

PRE-CEPTOR, 71. [L. prceceptor.] 1. In a. general sense, 
a teacher ; an instructor. — 2. In a restricted sense, the 
teacher of a school ; sometimes, the principal teacher of an 
academy or other seminary. 



PRE-CEP-ToiRI-AL, ffi. Pertaining to a preceptor. Literary 

Magazine. 

PRE-CEPTO-RY, a. Giving precepts. .Anderson. 

PRE-CEPTO-RF, 71. A subordinate religious house wheie 
instruction v;^as given. 

PRE-CEP'TRESS, n. A female teacher or preceptor. Olan- 
ville 

PRE-CES'SION, n. [Fr. precession; It. precessione.] 1 
Literally, the act of going before, but in this sense rarely 
or never used — 2. In astronomy, the precession of the equi- 
nox is an annual motion of the equinox, or point where 
the ecliptic intersects the equator, to the westward, 
amounting to 50|-". 

PRE'CINCT, n. [L. prcecinctus.] 1. The limit, bound or 
exterior line encompassing a place. 2. Bounds of juris- 
diction, or the whole territory comprehended within the 
limits of authority. 3 A territorial district or division. 

t PRE-CI-OS'I-TY, for preciov^ness or value. More. 

PRE"CIOUS, (presh'us) a. [Fr. precieux ; L. pretiosus.] 1 
Of great price ; costly. 2. Of great value or worth ; very 
valuable. 3. Highly valued ; much esteemed. 4. Worth- 
less ; in iroivy and contempt. — Precious metals, gold and 
silver, so cafled on account of their value. 

PRE"CIOUS-LY, (presh'us-ly) adv. 1. Valuably j to a great 
price. 2. Contemptibly ; in irony. 

PI{.E"CIOUS-NESS, (presh'us-nes) n. Valuableness ; great 
value ; high price. 

PREC'I-PE, (pres'i-py) n. [L. pracipio.] In law, a writ 
commanding the defendant to do a certain thing, or to 
show cause to the contrary ; giving him his choice to re- 
dress the injury or to stand the suit. 

PREC'I-PlCE, 7t. [Fr. ■,'L.prcecipitium.] 1. Strictly, a faUim^ 
headlong ; hence, a steep descent of land ; a fall or de- 
scent of land, perpendicular or nearly so. Dryden. 2. A 
steep descent, in general. 

PRE-CIF I-ENT, a. [L. prcecipiens.] Commanding; di- 
recting. 

PRE-CIP-I-TA-BIL'ITY, n. The quality or state of being 
precipitable. 

PRE-CIP'i-TA-BLE, a. [L. prcecipito.] That may be pre- 
cipitated or cast to the bottom, as a substance in solution. 

PRE-CIP'I-TANCE, \n. 1. Headlong hurry ; rash haste ; 

PRE-CIP'I-TAN-CY, \ haste in resolving, forming an 
opinion or executing a purpose without due deliberation. 

2. Hurry ; great haste in going. 
PRE-CIP'I-TANT, a. [L. praicipitans.] 1. Falling or rush- 
ing headlong ; rushing down with velocity. 2. Hasty 
urged with violent haste. 3. Rashly hurried or hasty 4 
Unexpectedly brought on or hastened. 

PRE-CIP'I-TANT, n. In chemistry, a liquor, which, when 
poured on a solution, separates what is dissolved, and 
makes it precipitate, or fall to the bottom in a concrete 

PRE-CJP'I-l'ANT-LY, adv. With great haste ; with rash, 
unadvised haste ; with tumultuous hurry. 

PRE-CIP'I-TATE, v. t. [L. pracipito.] I. To throw head- 
long. 2. To urge or press with eagerness or violence. 3 
To hasten. 4. To hurry blindly or rashly. 5. To throw 
to the bottom of a vessel, as a substance in solution. 

PRE-CIP'1-TATE, V. i. 1. To fall headlong. 2. To fall to 
the bottom of a vessel, as a sediment, or any substance in 
solution. 3. To hasten without preparation. 

PRE-CIP'I-TATE, a. 1. Falling, flowing or rushing with 
steep descent. 2. Headlong ; over hasty ; rashly hasty. 

3. Adopted with haste or without due deliberation ; hasty. 

4. Kastv ; violent ; terminating speedily in death. 
PRE-CIP'I-TATE, n. A substance which, having been 

dissolved, is again separated from its solvent and thrown 
to the bottom of the vessel by pouring another liquor upon 
it. — Precipitate per se, or red precipitate, the red oxyd or 
peroxyd of mercury. Thomson. 

PRE-CIP'I-TA-TED, pp. Hurried ; hastened rashly ; thrown 
headlong. 

PRE-CIP'I-TATE-LY, ff<Z7J. 1. Headlong; with steep de- 
scent. 2. Hastily ; with rash haste ; without due caution. 

PRE-CIP'I-TA-TING, ppr. Throwing headlong ; hurrying; 
hastening rashly. 

PRE-CIP-I-Ta'TION, 71. [L. prmcipitatio.] 1. The act of 
throwing headlong. 2. A fklling, flowing or rushing 
down with violence and rapidity. 3. Great hurry ; rash, 
tumultuous haste ; rapid movement. 4. The act or opera- 
tion of throwing to the bottom of a vessel any substance 
held in solution by its menstruum. 

PRE-CIP'I-TA-TOR, n. One that urges on with vehemence 
or rashness. Hammond. 

PRE-CIP'I-TOUS, a. [L. 'prmceps.'] 1. Very steep. 2 
Headlong ; directly or rapidly descending. 3. Hasty ; 
rash ; heady. 

PRE-CIP'I-TOUS-LY, adv. With steep descent; in violent 

PRE-cfp'I-TOUS-NESS, n. 1. Steepness of descent. 2. 

Rash haste. 
PRE-CTSE', a. [L. prcBcisus.] 1. Exact ; nice ; definite ; 

having determinate limitations ; not loose, vague, uncer- 



• See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BtJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH aa SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



PRE 



632 



PRE 



tain or equivocal. 9. Formal ; superstitiously exact ; ex- 
cessively nice ; punctilious in conduct or ceremony. Ad- 
dison^ 

PRE-ClSE'LY, adv. 1. Exactly; nicely; accurately; in 
exact conformity to truth or to a model. 2. With excess 
of formality ; with scrupulous exactness or punctilious- 
ness in behavior or ceremony. 

PRE-ClSE'NESS, n. 1. Exactness; rigid nicety. 2. Ex- 
cessive regard to forms or rules ; rigid formality. 

PRE-Ci"SIAN, w. 1. One that limits or restrains. 2. One 
who is rigidly exact in the observance of rules. 

PRE-Ci"SIAN-ISM, n. Excessive exactness ; superstitious 
rigor. Milton. 

PRE-Ci"SION, n. [Fr. ; L. prcBcisio.] Exact limitation ; 
exactness ; accuracy. 

PRE-Cl'SIVE, a. Exactly limiting by separating what is 
not relative to the purpose. Watts. 

PRE-€LuDE', V. t. [L. prmchido.] 1. To prevent from en- 
tering by previously shutting the passage, or by any pre- 
vious measures ; hence, to hinder from access, possession 
or enjoyment. 2. To prevent from happening or taking 
place. 

PRE-€LuD'ED, pp. Hindered from entering or enjoyment ; 
debarred from something by previous obstacles. 

PRE-€LuD'ING, ppr. Shutting out ; preventing from ac- 
cess or possession, or from having place. 

PRE-€Lu'SION, n. The act of shutting out or preventing 
from access or possession ; the state of bemg prevented 
from entering, possession or enjoyment. 

PRE-€Lu'SIVE, a. Shutting out, or tending to preclude ; 
hindering by previous obstacles. Burke. 

PRE-€Lu'SIVE-LY, adv. With hinderance by anticipation. 

PRE-€o'CIOUS, a. [h. prcBcox.] 1. Ripe before the proper 
or natural time. 2. Premature. 

PRE-€o'CIOUS-NESS, ) n. Rapid growth and ripeness 

PRE-eOC'I-TY, \ before the usual time ; prema- 

PRE-€OG'I-TATE, v. i: [L. prcecogito.] To consider or 
contrive beforehand. [Little used.] Sherwood. 

PRE-€OG-I-Ta'TION, n. Previous thought. Diet. 

PRE-€0G'NI-TA. See Prjecognita. 

PRE-eOG-Ni"TION, n. [L, prce and cognitio.] 1. Previous 
knowledge ; antecedent examination. — 2. In Scots law, 
an examination of witnesses to a criminal act, before the 
prosecution_of the offender. 

PRE-€OM-PoSE', V. t. To compose beforehand, 

PRE-GOM-PoS'ED, (pre-kom-pozd') pp. Composed before- 
hand. 

PRE-eOM-PoS'ING, ppr. Composing beforehand. 

PRE-€0N-CeIT', 71. An opinion or notion previously 
formed. Hooker. 

PRE-€0N-CeIVE', v.t. [L. prcE and concipio.] To form a 
conception beforehand ; to form a previous notion. 

PRE-€ON-CeIV'ED, (pre-kon-seevd') pp. Conceived be- 
forehand ; previously formed. South. •-* 

PRE-€ON-CeIV'ING, ppr. Conceiving or forming before- 
hand. 

PRE-€ON-CEP'TION, n. Conception or opinion previously 
formed. Hakewill. 

PRE-CON-CERT', v. t. [pre and concert.'] To concert be- 
forehand ; to settle by previous agreement. 

PRE-CON CERT'ED, j9jj. Previously concerted or settled. 
Warton. 

PRE-CON CERT'ING, ppr. Contriving and settling before- 
hand. 

I PRE-€ON-I-Za'TION, n. [L. praiconium.] A publishing 
by procl?mation, or a proclamation. Hall. 

PRE-CON- SIGN', ■«. «. [pre and consign.] To consign be- 
forehand ; to make a previous consignment of. 

PRE-C0N'3TI-TUTE, v. t. To constitute beforehand. 

PRE-CON'STI-TU-TED, pp. Previously established. 

PRE-CON 'STI-TU-TING, ppr. Constituting beforehand. 

PRE-CON'TRACT, 71, [2)re and contract.] A contract pre- 
vious to another. Shak. 

PRE-CON-TRACT', v. t. To contract or stipulate previously. 

PRE-CON-TRACT', v. i. To make a previous contract or 
agreement. 

PRE-CON-TRA€T'ED, pp. Previously contracted or stipu- 
lated ; previously engaged by contract. Ayliffe. 

PRE-CON-TRA€T'ING, ppr. Stipulating or covenanting 
beforehand. 

f PRE-CURSE', (pre-kurs') n. [L. proecnrsus.] A forerun- 
ning 

PRE-CL'RS'OR, n. [L. precursor.] A forerunner; a har- 
binger ; he or that which precedes an event and indicates 
its approach. 

PRE-CtlRS'O-RY, a. Preceding as the harbinger ; indicating 
something to follow. Med. Repos. 

t PRE-CURS'O-RY, 71. An introduction. Hammond. 

PRE-Da'CEOUS, a. [L. prcedaceus.] Living by prey. 

PRe'DAL, a. [L, prceda.] I. Pertaining to prey. 2. Prac- 
ticing plunder. Boyle. 

PRED'A-TO-RY, a. \lt. prmdatorius.] 1. Plundering; pil- 



laging ; characterized by plundering ; practicing rapine 
2. Hungry ; ravenous. 

PRE-DE-OeASE', v. i. To die before. Shak. 

PRE-DE-CeAS'ED, (pre-de-seesf) a. Dead before. Shak. 

PRED-E-CES'SOR, n. [Fr. predecesseur.] A person who 
has preceded another in the same office. .Addison. 

PRE-DE-LIN-E-A'TION, n. Previous delineation. 

PRE-DE-SiGN', v. t. To design or purpose beforehand ; to 
predetermine. 

PRE-DE-SlGN'ED, (pre-de-sind') pp. Purposed or deter- 
mined previously. Mitford. 

FRE-DESlGN'ING, ppr. Designing previously. 

PRE-DES-TI-Na'RI-AN, n. One that believes in the doc- 
trine of predestination. Walton. 

PRE-DE&-TI-Na'RI-AN, a. Of or belonging to predestina 
tion. 

PRE-DES'TI-NATE, a. Predestinated ; foreordained. 

PRE-DESTI-NATE, t;.«. [It. predestinare ; Yx. predesti 
ner ; L. prmdestino.] To predetermine or foreordain ; to 
appointor ordain beforehand by an unchangeable purpose. 

PRE-DES'TI-NA-TED, pp. Predetermined ; foreordained ; 

PRE-DES'TI-NA-TING, ppr. 1. Foreordaining; decreeing; 
appointing beforehand by an unchangeable purpose. 2. 
Holding predestination. 

PRE-DES-TI-NaTION, 71. The act of decreeing or fore- 
ordaining events. 

PRE-DES'TI-NA-TOR, n. 1. Propei-ly, one that foreordains 
2. One that holds to predestination. 

PRE-DES'TiNE, v. t. To decree beforehand ; to foreor- 
dain. Prior. 

PRE-DE-TERM'I-NATE, a. Determined beforehand. 

PRE-DE-TERM-I-N5'TI0N, n. 1. Previous determination ; 
purpose formed beforehand. 2. Premotion ; that concur- 
rence of God which determines men in their actions. 

PRE-DE-TERM'INE, v. t. pre and determine.] 1. To de- 
termine beforehand ; to settle in purpose or counsel. 2. 
Tjo doom by previous decree. 

PRe'DI-AL, a. [Sp. predial.] 1. Consisting of land or 
farms ; real estate. 2. Attached to land or farms. 3. 
Growing or issuing from land. 

PRED-I-€A-BIL'I-TY, n. Tlie quality of being predicable, 
or capable of being affirmed of something. 

PRED'I-CA-BLE, a. [L.prcEdicabilis.] That may be affirmed 
of something ; that may be attributed to. 

PRED'I-CA-BLE, n One of the five things which can be 
affirmed of any thing. Watts 

PRE-DIC'A-MENT, n. [Fr. ; L. prcedicamentum.] 1. In 
logic, a category ; a series or order of all the predicates or 
attributes contained under any genus. 2. Class or kind 
described by any definite marks ; hence, condition ; par- 
ticular situation or state. 

PRE-DIC-A-MENT'AL, a. Pertaining to a predicament. 

PRED'I-CANT, n. [L. prmdicans.] One that affirms any 
thing. 

PRED'I-CATE, v. t. [L. prcedico.] To affirm one thing of 
another. 

PREDT-CATE, v.i. To affirm; to comprise an affirmation. 

PRED'I-CATE, n. In logic, ihat which, in a propositior, is 
affirmed or denied of the subject. Watts. 

PRED-I-Ca'TION, n. [L, prcBdlcatio.] Affirmation of some- 
thing, or the act of affirming one thing of another. 

PRED'1-CA-TO-RY, a. Affirmative ; positive. Bp. Hail. 

FRE-J)I€Ti,v.t. [lu.prcedictus.] To foretell ; to tell before 
hand something that is to happen, 

PRE-DICT'ED, pp. Foretold ; told before the event. 

PRE-DI€T'ING, ppr. Foretelling. 

PRE-DIC'TION, ?t. [L,. pnedictio.] A foretelling ; a previous 
declaration of a future event ; prophecy. 

PRE-DICT'iVE, a. Foretelling ; prophetic. More. 

PRE-DICT'OR, n. A foreteller ; one who prophesies. 

PRE-D1-6ES'TI0N, 71. Too hastv digestion. Bacon. 

PRED-I-LEC'TION, n. [Fr, ; It. predilezione.]' A previous 
liking; a prepossession of mind in favor of something, 

PRE-DIS-Po'NENT, 71, That which predisposes, 

PRE-DIS-PoSE', V. t. 1. To incline beforehand ; to give 
a previous disposition to, 2. To fit or adapt previously, 

PRE-DIS-POS'ED, (pre-dis-pezd') pp. Previously inclined 
or adapted, 

PRE-DIS-PoS'ING, ppr. 1. Inclining or adapting before- 
hand, 2, a. Tending or able to give predisposition or 

PRE-DIS-Pb-Si"TION, n. 1. Previous inclination or pro- 
pensity to any thing. 2. Previous fitness or adaptation to 
any change, impression or purpose. 

PRE-DOM'I-NANCE, ) n. 1. Prevalence over others ; su- 

PRE-DOM'I-NAN-CY, \ periority in strength, power, in- 
fluence or authority ; ascendency, — 2, In astrology, the 
superior influence of a planet, 

PRE-DOM'I-NANT, a. [Fr. predominant ; It. predominate.] 
Prevalent over others ; superior in strength, influence or 
authority ; ascendant ; ruling ; controlling. 

PRE-DOM'I-NANT-LY, adv. With superior strength or in- 
fluence. Brown. 



* See Synopsis A, E, I, O, ©, ^, long.~F-AR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t (Obsolete. 



PRE 



633 



PRE 



PE.E-DOM'1-NATE, v i. [Fr. predominer ; Sp. predominar.^ 
To prevail ; to surpass in strength, influence or authority*^ 
to be superior ; to have controlling influence. 

PRE-DOM'1-NATE, v. t. To rule over. 

PRE-DOM'I-NA-TING, ppr. Having superior strength or 
influence ; rujing ; controlling. 

PRE-DOM-I-Na'TION, n. Superior strength or influence. 

PRE-E-LE€T', v. t. To choose or elect beforehand. 

PRE-E-LE€'TI0N, n. Choice or election by previous de- 
termination of the will. Prideaux. 

PRE-EM'I-NENCE, n. [Fr. ; It. preeminema.l 1. Superi- 
ority in excellence ; distinction in something commenda- 
ble. 2. Precedence ; priority of place ; superiority in 
rank or dignity. 3. Superiority of power or influence. 
Sometimes in a bad sense. 

PRE-EM'1-NENT, a. [Fr. ; pre and eminenU] 1 . Superior 
in excellence ; distinguished for something commendable 
or honorable. 2. Surpassing others in evil or bad qualities. 

PRE-EM'I-NENT-LY, adv. 1. In a pre-eminent degree ; 
with superiority or distinction above others. 2. In a bad 
sense. 

PRE-EMP'TION, n. [L, prce and emptio.] 1. The act of 
purchasing before others. 2. The right of purchasing be- 
fore others. — 3. Formerly, in England, the privilege or 
prerogative, enjoyed by the king, f^f buying provisions for 
his household in preference to others, abolished by statute 
19 Charles II. 

PREEN, n. [Scot, prein, prin ; Dan. preen.] A forked in- 
strument used by clothiers in dressing cloth. 

PREEN, V. t. [Scot.^proyne, prunyie ; Chaucer, proine.] To 
clean, compose and dress the feathers, as fowls, to enable 
them to glide more easily through the air or water. 

PRE-EN-GaGE', v. t. I. To engage by previous contract. 
2. To engage or attach by previous influence. 3. I'o en- 
gage beforehand. 

PRE-EN-Ga'GED, (pre-en-gajd') pp. Previously engaged 
by contract or influence. 

PRE-EN-GaGE'MENT, n. 1. Prior engagement; as by 
stipulation or promise. 2. Any previous attachment 
binding th^ will or affections. 

PRE-EN-Ga'GING, ppr. Previously engaging. 

PREEN'ING, ppr. Cleaning and composing the feathers, as 
fowls. 

PRE-E-STAB'LISH, v. t. To establish beforehand. 

PRE-E-STAB'LISHED, pp. Previously established. 

PRE-E-STAB'LISH-ING, ppr Settling beforehand. 

PRE-E-STAB'LISH-MENT, 71. Settlement beforehand. 

PRE-EX-AM-I-Na'TION, n. Previous examination. 

PRE-EX-AM'INE, v. t. To examine beforehand. 

PRE-EX-IST', V. i. To exist beforehand or before some- 
thing else. 

PRE-EX-[ST'ENCE, n. 1. Existence previous to some- 
thing else. 2. Existence of the soul before its union with 
the body, or before the body is formed. 

PRE-EX-IST'ENT, a. Existing beforehand ; preceding in 
existence. Pope. 

fPRE-EX-IS-Tl-MA'TION, m. Previous esteem. Broion. 

PRE-EX-IST'ING, jypr. Previously existing. 

fPRE-EX-PEC-TA'TION, n. Previous expectation. 

PREF'ACE, n. [Fr. ; L. prcefatio.] Something spoken as 
introductory to a discourse, or written as introductory to a 
book or essay, intended to inform the hearer or reader of 
the main design, or, in general, of whatever is necessary 
to the understanding of the discourse, book or essay ; a 
proem ; an introduction or series of preliminary remarks. 

PREF'ACE, V. t. 1. To introduce by preliminary remarks. 

2. To face ; to cover ; a ludicrous sense. Cleaveland. 

PREF'ACE, V. i. To say something introductory. 

PREF'ACED, pp. Introduced witli preliminary observa- 
tions. 

PREF'A-CER, n. The writer of a preface. Dryden. 

PREF'A-CING, -ppr. Introducing with preliminary remarks. 

PREF'A-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to a preface ; introductory 
tq^a book, essay or discourse. Dryden. 

PRe'FECT, n. [L. prcBfectus.] 1. In ancient Rome, a chief 
magistrate who governed a city or province in the ab- 
sence of the king, consuls or emperor. 2. A governor, 
commander, chief magistrate or superintendent. Addison. 

PRe'FE€T-SHIP, )n. 1. The office of a chief magistrate, 

* PRe'FEC-TURE, ^ commander or viceroy. 2. Jurisdic- 
tion of a prefect. 

PRE-FER', v. t. [L. prafero ; Fr. preferer.] 1. To regard 
more than another ; to honor or esteem above another. 2. 
To advance, as to an office or dignity ; to raise ; to exalt. 

3. To offer ; to present ; to exhibit ; usually witli solem- 
nity, or to a public body. 4. To offer or present ceremo- 
niously, or in ordijiary familiar language. 

PREF'ER-A-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Worth j^ to be preferred or 
chosen before something else ; more eligible ; more desira- 
ble. 2 More excellent ; of better quality. 

PREF'ER-A-BLE-NESS, 71. The quality or state of being 
preferable. Mountague. 

PREF'ER-A-BLY, adiu In preference ; in such a manner 
as to prefer one thing to another. 



PREF'ER-ENCE, n. The act of preferring one thing before 
another; estimation of one thing above another j choice 
of one thing rather than another. 

PRE-FER'MENT, 7t. [It. preferimento ] 1. Advancement 
to a higher office, dignity or station. 5. Superior pla^ e or 
office. 3. Preference ; [obs.] 

PRE-FER'RED, (pre-ferd') pp. Regarded above others ; el 
evated in station. 

PRE-FER'RER, 71. One who prefers. 

PRE-FER'RING, ppr. Regarding above others ; advancing 
to a higher station ; offering ; presenting. 

PRE-FIG'U-RATE, v.t. To show by antecedent represen- 
tation. [Little tised.] 

PRE-FIG-U-Ra TION, 71. Antecedent representation by 
similitude. JVorris. 

PRE-FIG'U-RA TIVE, a. Showing by previous figures 
types or similitude. 

PRE-FIG'URE, V. t. [L. prce and figuro.] To exhibit by 
antecedent representation, or by types and similitude 
Hooker. 

PRE-FIG'URED, pp. Exhibited by antecedent signs, types 
or similitude. 

PRE-FIG'UR-ING, ppr. Showing antecedently by simili- 
tude. 

PRE-FlNE', V. t. [L. prcefinio.] To limit beforehand. 

PRE-FI-Ni"TI0N,"7i. Previous limitation. [L.u.] Fotherby. 

PRE-FIX', V. t. [L. prcefigo.^ 1. To put or fix before, or at 
the beginning ot another thing. 2. To set or appoint be- 
forehand. 3. To settle ; to establish. 

PRe'FIX, n. A letter, syjlable or word put to the beginning 
of a word, usually to vary its signification. 

PRE-FIX'ED, (pre-fixf) pp Set before ; appointed before- 
hand , settled. 

PRE-FIX 'ING, ppr. Putting before ; previously appointing , 
establishing. 

PRE-FIXTON, 71. The act of prefixing. 

PRE-FORM', V. t. To form beforehand. Shak. 

PRE-FORM'A-TlVE, n. [L,. prce, and formative.] A forma- 
tive letter at the beginning of a word. M. Stuart. 

PRE-FUL'GEN-CY, n. [L. prmfulgens.] Superior bright- 
ness or effulgency. Barrow. 

PREG'NA-BLE, a. [Fr. prenable.] That may be taken or 
won by force ; expugnable. [Little used.] Cotgrave. 

PREG'NAN-CY, 71. 1. The state of a female who has con- 
ceived, or is with child. Ray. 2. Fertility; fruitfulness ; 
inventive power. — Pregnance, in a like sense, is not 
used. 

PREG'NANT, a. [L. prwgyians.] 1.. Being with young, as a 
female ; breeding ; teeming. 2. Fruitful ; fertile ; im- 
pregnating. 3. Full of consequence. 4. Easy to ad-rait 
or receive'; [not proper.] Shak. 5. Free ; kind ; ready ; 
witty ; apt ; [not proper.] Shak. 6. Plain ; clear ; evi- 
dent ; full : [obs.] Shak. 

PREG'NANT-LY, adv. 1. Fruitfully. 2. Fully; plainly; 
clearlv ; [obs.^Shak. 

t PRe'GRA-VATE, v. t. [L. prmgravo.] To bear down ; 
to depress. Hall. 

PRE-GRAV'I-TATE, v. i. To descend by gravity. 

PRE-GUS-Ta'TION, 71. [L. prcB and gusto.] The act of 
tasting before another. Diet. 

PRE-HEN'SILE, a. [L. prehendo^ prehensus.] Seizing; 
grasping ; adapted to seize or grasp. 

PRE-HEN'SION, n. A taking hold ; a seizing ; as with the 
hand or other limb. Lawrence. 

PREHN'ITE, n. A mineral of the siliceous kind. 

PRE-IN-STRUCT', v. t. To instruct previously. 

PRE-IN-STRU€T'ED, pp. Previously instructed or di- 

PRE-IN-STRU€T'ING, ppr. Previously instructing. 

PRE-IN-TI-MA'TION, n. [pre and intimation.] Previous 
intimation; a suggestion beforehand. T.Scott.. 

PRE-JUDGE', (pre-judj') v. t. [Fr. prejuger.] 1. To judge 
in a cause before it is heard, or before the arguments and 
facts in the case are fully known. 2. To judge and de- 
termine before the cause is heard ; hence, sometimes, to 
condemn beforehand or unheard. 

PRE-JUDG'ED, (pre-judjd) pp. Judged beforehand ; deter- 
mined unheard. 

PRE-JUDG'IN(t, ppr. Judging or determining without a 
heanng or before the case is fully understood. 

PRE-JUDG'MENT, 71. Judgment in a case without a hear 
ing or full examination. Knox. 

fPRE-Ju'DI-CA-CY, 71. Prejudice; prepossession. 

PRE-Ju'DI-CATE, v. t. [l^.prrn and jwdtco.J To prejudge ; 
to determine beforehand to disadvantage. 

PRE-Ju'DI-€ATE, v. i. To form a judgment without due 
examination of the facts and arguments in the case. 

PRE-Ju'DI-€ATE, a. 1. Formed before due examination. 
2. Prejudiced ; biased by opinions formed prematurely ; 
[little used.] 

PRE-Ju'DI-€A-TED, p^J Prejudged. 

PRE-JtJ'DI-CA-TING, ppr. Prejudging. 

PRE-JU-DI-€a'TION, n. The act of judging without i;^M 
examination of facts and evidence. 



* See Synopsis. IVIOVE, BOOK , D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE — € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this | Obsolete 



PRE 



634 



PRE 



rRE^CDI-GA-nVE, a. Forming an opinion or judgment 
without examination. More. 

PREJ'U-DICE, n. [Fr. ; h. prejudicium.'] 1. Prejudgment; 
an opinion or decision of mind, formed without due ex- 
amination of the facts or arguments which are necessary 
to a just and impartial determination. 2. A previous bent 
or bias of mind for or against any person or thing ; pre- 
possession. 3. Mischief; hurt; damage; injury. 

PREJ'U-DlCE, V. t. 1. To prepossess with unexamined 
opinions ; to bias the mind by liasty and incorrect notions, 
and give it an unreasonable bent to one side or other of a 
cause. Watts. 2. To obstruct or injure by prejudices, or 
an undue previous bias of the mind ; or to hurt; to dam- 
age ; to diminish ; to impair. 

PREJ'U-DiCED, pp. or a. Prepossessed by unexamined 
opinions; biased. 

PREJ-U-Dl"CIAL, a. 1. Biased or blinded by prejudices ; 
[ols.] 2. Hurtful ; mischievous ; injurious ; disadvanta- 
geous ; detrimental ; tending to obstruct or impair. 

PREJ-U-DT"CIAL-NESS, n. The state of being prejudicial; 
injuriousness. 

* tiCELA-GY, or PREL'A-CY. n. 1. The office of a pre. 
late. 2. Episcopacy ; the order of bishops, 3. Bishops, 
coilcctivclv • 

*PRF:'LATE, or PREL'ATE, n. \Yt.prelat.] An eccle- 
siastic of the higher order, as an archbishop, bishop or pa- 
triarch ; a dignitary of the church. 

* PRE'LATE-tSHIP, n. The office of a prelate. Harmar. 
PKP-T^AT'I^AL \°" Pertaining to prelates or prelacy. 
PRE-LAT'I-GAL-LY, adv. With reference to prelates. 
PRE-La'TION, n. [L. prcelatio.] Preference ; the setting 

of one above another. [Little used.] Hale. 

* PRe'LA-TISM, n. Prelacy ; episcopacy. Milton. 

* PRE'LA-TIST, 71. An advocate for prelacy, or the gov- 
ernment of the church by bishops ; a high-churchman. 
T. Scott. 

* PRE'LA-TURE, I n. [Fr. prelature.'] The state or 

* PRE'LA-TURE-SHIP, \ dignity nf a prelate. Diet. 

* t PRE'LA-TY, n. Episcopacy ; prelacy. Milton. 
PRE-LE€T', v. t. [L. pvislectus.] To read a lecture or pub- 
lic discoui'se. Horsley. 

PRE-LE€'TI0N, 71. [L. prcBlectio.] A lecture or discourse 
read in public or to a select company. Hale. 

PRE-LE€T0R, n. A reader of discourses ; a lecturer. 

PRE-LI-Ba'TION, 71. [L. prcelibo.] 1. Foretaste ; a tasting 
beforehand or by anticipation. 2. An eflusion previous to 
tasting. 

PRE-LIM'I-NA-RY, a. [Fr. preliminaire ; It. preliminare.] 
Introductory ; previous ; proemial ; that precedes the 
main discourse or busuiess. 

PRE-LIM'I-NA-RY, n. That which precedes the main dis- 
course, work, design or business ; something previous or 
preparatory. 

*PRE'LUDE, or PREL'UDE, n. [Low*L. prceludium.] 
1. A short flight of music, or irregular air, played by a 
musician before he begins the piece to be played, or before 
a full concert. 2. Something intioductory, or that shows 
what is to follow. 3. A forerunner; something which 
indicates a future event. 

PRE-LuDE', V. t. I. To introduce with a previous per- 
formance ; to play before. 2. To precede, as an intro- 
ductory piece. 

PRE-LuDE', V. i. To serve as an introduction to. Drij- 
den . 

PRE-LtJD'ED, pp. Preceded by an introductory perfonn- 
aiits; preceded. 

* PRe'LU-DER, 7!. One that plays a prelude, or introduces 
by a previous irregular piece of music. 

PRE-LuD'ING, ppr. Playing an introductory air; prece- 
ding. 

PRE-Lu'DI-OUS, a. Previous ; introductory. Cleaveland. 

PRE-LU'DI-UM, 71. [Low L.] A prelude. Dryden. 

PRE-Lu'SIVE, a. Previous ; introductory ; indicating that 
something of a like kind is to follow. 

PRE-Lu'S6-RY, a. Previous ; introductory ; prelusive. 

PRE-MA-TuRE', a. [Fr. premature ; L. pi-amaturus.] 1. 
Ripe before tlie natural or proper time. 2. Happening, 
arriving, performed or adopted before the proper time. 
3. AiTiving or received without due authentication or 
«;vidence. 

)'RE-MA-TuRE'LY, adv. 1. Too soon ; too early ; before 
t])e proper time. 2. Without due evidence or authenti- 
cation. ' 

PRE-MA-TrRE'NESS, \ n. I. Ripeness before the natural 

PRE-MA-TU'RI-TY, \ or proper tune. 9. Too great 
haste ; unseasonable earliness. 

PRE-MED'I-TATE, v. t. [Fr. premediter ; L prccmeditor.] 
To think on and revolve in the mind beforehand ; to 
contrive and design previously. Dryden. 

PRE-MED'I-TATE, v. i. To think, consider or revolve in 
the mind beforehand ; to deliberate. Hooker. 

PRE-MED'I-TATE, a. Contrived by previous meditation. 

PRE-MED'I-TA-TED, pp. 1. Previously considered or 



meditated. 2. Previously contrived, designed or intend 
ed; deliberate; willful. 

PRE-MED'I-TATE-LY, adv. With previous meditation. 

PRE-MED'I-TA-TING, ppr. Previously meditating ; con- 
triving or intending beforehand. 

PRE-MED-I-Ta'T10N, 71. [L. prcemeditatio.} 1. The act 
of meditating beforehand ; previous deliberation. 2. Pre- 
vious contrivance or design formed. 

PRE-MER'IT, v. t. [pre and merit.'] To merit or deserve 
beforehand. [Little used,] K. Charles. 

fPREM'I-CES, 77. [Fr.; 1.. primitice.] First fruits. 

*PReM'IER, (preem'yer) a. [Fi., fioml.. primus.] First 
chief; principal. Swift. 

*PReM'1ER, n. The first minister of state ; the prune min- 
ister. 

* PReM'IER-SHIP, 71. The office or dignity of the first 
minister of state. 

PRE-MlSE', V. t. [L. prcemissus.] 1. To speak or write 
before, or as introductory to the main subject ; to offer 
previously, as something to explain or aid in understand- 
ing what follows. 2. To send before the time ; [obs.] 3. 
To lay down premises or first propositions, on which rest 
the subsequent reasonings. 4. To use or apply previously. 

PRE-MlSE', V. i. To state antecedent propositions. Swift. 

PREMISE, (prem'is) 77. A first or antecedent proposition. 

PREM'I-SES, 77. \¥r. premisses ; L. prcemissa.] 1. In logic, 
the two first propositions of a syllogism, from which the 
inference or conclusion is drawn. 2. Propositions ante- 
cedently supposed or proved. — 3. In law, land or other 
things mentioned in the preceding part of a deed. 

PREM'ISS, 71. Antecedent proposition. [Rarely used.] 

PRe'MI-UM, 77. [L.] Properhj, a reward or recompense ; a 
prize to be won by competition ; the reward or prize to 
be adjudged to the bestperfonnance or production. 2. The 
recompense or prize offered for a specific discovery or for 
success in an enterprise. 3. A bounty ; something offered 
or given for the loan of money. 4.' The recompense to 
underwriters for insurance. 5. It is sometimes synony- 
mous with interest. 6. A bounty. 

PRE-MON'ISH, V. t. [L. prmmoiieo.] To forewarn ; to ad- 
monish beforehand. 

PRE-MON'ISHED, pp. Forewarned. 

PRE-MON'ISH-ING, ppr. Admonishing beforehand. 

PRE-MON'ISH MENT, 77. Previous warning or admoni- 
tion ; previous information. 

PRE-MO-Nl"TION, ti. Previous warning, notice or infor- 
mation. 

PRE-MON'I-TO-RY, a. Giving previous warning or no- 
tice. 

PRE-MON'STRANTS, n. [L. prcemonstrans.] A religious 
order of regular canons or monks of Premontre, in the 
isle of France. 

PRE-MONSTRAfE, 75. «. [L. prmmonstro.] To show be- 
forehand. [Little used.] Herbert. 

PRE-MON-STRa'TION, 77. A showing beforehand. [L. u.] 

PRE-MORSE', (pre-mors') a. [L. pramordeo.] Bitten off. 

PRE-Mo TION, 71. [pre and motion.] Previous motion or 
excitement to action. Encyc. 

*PREM-U-Nl'RE, 71. [See Fr^munire.] 1. in law, the 
offense of introducing foreign authority into England, 
and the writ which is grounded on the offense. 2. The . 
penalty incurred by the offense above described. South. 

t PRE-MU-N^TE', V. t. To guard against objection ; to for- 
tify. 

PRE-MU-Nf"TI0N, n. [h. prcemunitio, from prcemunio.] An 
anticipation of objections. Diet. 

PRE-No'MEN, 77. [L. prcenomen.] Among the Romans, a 
name prefixed to the family name, answering to our 
Christian name. 

PRE-NOM'I-NATE, v. t. [L. prm and 7107777720.] To fore- 
name. 

PRE-NOM'I-NATE, a. Forenamed. Shak. 

PRE-NOM-I-Na'TION, 77. The privilege of being named 
first. _ 

PRE-No'TION, 77. [L.pranotio.] A notice or notion which 
precedes something else in time ; previous notion or 
thought; foreknowledge. 

PREN-Sa'TION, n. [L. prensatio.] The act of seizing with 
violence. [Little iised.] Barrow. 

PREN'TlCE. A colloquial contraction of apprentice, which 
see. 

PREN'TiCE-SHIP. A contraction of apprenticeship, which 
see. Pope. 

t PRE-NUN-CI-A'TION, 71. [L. prcenuncio ] The act of tell- 
ing before. Diet. 

PRE-OB-TaIN', v. t. To obtain beforehand. 

PRE-OB-TaIN'ED, (pre-ob-tand') pp. Previously obtained. 

PRE-0€'€U-PAN-CY, 77. [L. prmoccupans.] 1. The act of 
taking possession before another 2. The right of taking 
possession before others. 

fPRE-Oe'eU-PATE, V. t. [L. prmoccupo.] 1. To antici- 
pate ; to take before. 2. To prepossess ; to fill with preju- 
dices. 

PRE-OC-€U-Pa'TION, n. 1. A taking possession before 



* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, "?, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE. BIRD : 



t Obsolete 



PRE 



635 



PRE 



another J prior occupation. 2. Anticipation. 3. Prepos- 
session. 4. Anticipation of objections. 

PRE-0€'€U-Py, v. t.rh.praoccupo.] 1. To take possession 
before another. 2. To prepossess ; to occupy by anticipa- 
tion or prejudices. 

PRE-OM'f-NATE, v. t. [L. prm and ominor.] To prognosti- 
cate ; to gather from omens any future event. 

PRE-0-PIN'ION, n. [pre and opmionJ] Opinion previously 
formed ; prepossession. Brown. 

PRE-OFTION, n. The right of first choice. 

PRE-OR-DaIN', v. t. [pre and ordain.] To ordain or ap- 
point beforehand ; to predetermine. 

PRE-OR-DaIN'ED, (pre-or-dand') pp. Antecedently or- 
dained or determined. 

PRE-OR-DaIN'ING, ppr. Ordaining beforehand, 

PRE-OR'DI-NANCE, n. [pre and ordinance.] Antecedent 
decree or determination. Shak. 

PRE-OR'DI-MATE, a. Foreordained. [Little used.] 

PRE-OR-DI-Na'TION, 71. The act of foreordaining ; pre- 
vious determination. Fotherby. 

PRE-FaR'A-BLE, a. That may be prepared. Boyle. 

t PREP'A-RATE, part. [L. preparhtiis.] Prepared. 

PREP-A-Ra'TION, n. [L. prmparatio.] 1. The act or ope- 
ration of preparing or fitting for a particular purpose, use, 
service or condition. 2. Previous measures of adaptation. 
3. Ceremonious introduction ; [umisual.] Shak. 4. That 
vi^hich is prepared, made or compounded for a particular 
purpose. 5. The state of being prepared or in readiness. 
6. Accomplishment ; qualification ; [obs.] 7. In ■pharma- 
cy, any medicinal substance fitted for the use of the pa- 
tient. — 8. In anatomy, the parts of animal bodies prepared 
and preserved for anatomical uses. 

PRE-PAR'A-TIVE, a. [It. preparativo ; Fr. preparatif.] 
Tending to prepare or make ready ; having the power of 
preparing, qualifying or fitting for any thing ; preparatory. 

PRE-PAR'A-TiVE, n. 1. That which has the power of pre- 
paring or previously fitting for a purpose ; that which 
prepares. 2. That which is done to prevent an evil or 
secure some good. 3. Preparation. 

PRE-PAR'A-TiVE-LY, adv. By way of preparation. Hale. 

PRE-PAR'A-TO-RY, a. [It., Sp. preparatwio ; Fr. prepar- 
atoire.] 1. Previously necessary ; useful or qualifying ; 
preparing the way for any thing by previous measures of 
adaptation. 2. Introductory ; previous ; antecedent and 
adapted to what follows. 

PRE-PARE', V. t. [Fr. preparer ; It. preparare ; Sp., Port. 
preparar ; L. prmparo.] I. In a general sense, to fit, adapt 
or qualify for a particular purpose, end, use, service or 
state, by any means whatever. 2. To make ready. 3. 
To provide ; to procure as suitable. 4. To set ; to estab- 
lish. 5. To appoint. 6. To guide, direct or establish. 
1 Chron. xxix. 

PRE-PARE', V. i. 1. To make all things ready ; to put 
things in suitable order. 2. To take the necessary pre- 
vious measures. 3. To make one's self ready. 

t PRE-PARE', n. Preparation. Shak. 

PRE-PAR ED, (pre-pard') pp. Fitted ; adapted ; made suit- 
able j made ready 3 provided. 

PRE-PAR'ED-LY, adv. With suitable previous measures. 

PRE-PAR'ED-NESS, n. The state of being prepared or in 
readiness. South. 

PRE-PAR'ER, n. ] . One that prepares, fits or makes ready. 
2. One that provides. 3. That which fits or makes suita- 
ble. 

PRE-PAR'ING, ppr. Fitting ; adapting ; making ready ; 
providing. 

PRE-PEl^SE', (pro-pens') ffl. [h. prapensus.] Preconceived j 
premeditated; aforethought. 

t PRE-PENSE', V. t. To weigh or consider beforehand. 

t PRE-PENSE', V. i. To deliberate beforehand. 

PRE-PENS'ED, (pre-pensf) pp. or a. Previously conceived ; 
premeditated. [Little used.] 

PRE-POL'LENCE, ) n. [L. prcspollens.] Prevalence ; su- 

PRE-POL'LEN-CY, \ periority of power. Coventry. 

PRE-POL'LENT, a. Having superior gravity or power; 
prevailing. Boyle. 

t PRE-POND'ER, V. t. To outweigh. Wolton. 

PRE-POND'ER-ANCE, / ?i. [See Preponderate.] 1. An 

PRE-POND'ER-AN-CY, \ outweighing ; superiority of 
weight. 2. Superiority of power, force or weight; in a 
figurative sense. 

PKE-POND'ER-ANT, a. Outweighing. Reid. 

PRE-POND'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. prcepondero.] 1. To out- 
weigh ; to overpower by weight. 2. To overpower by 
stronger influence or moral pbwer. 

PRE-POND'ER-ATE, v. i. 1. To exceed in weight ; hence, 
to incline or descend, as the scale of a balance. 2. To 
exceed in influence or power ; hence, to incline to one side. 

PRE-POND'ER-A-TING, ppr. Outweighing ; inclining to 
one side. 

PRE-POND-ER-a'TION, n. The act or state of outweigh- 
ing any thing, or of inclining to one side. Watts. 

PRE-POSE', V. t. [Fr. preposer.] To put before. [Mot 
much used.] Focaloir. 



PREP-0-SI"TION, n. [Fr.; L. prtepositio.] In grammar, a 
word usually put before another to express some relation 
or quality, action or motion to or from the tiling spe- 
cifieu. 

PREP-0-Si«TION-AL, a. Pertaining to a preposition, or to 
preceding position. Encyc. 

PRE-POS'1-TiVE, a. Put before. Jones. 

PRE-POS'I-TiVE, n. A word or particle put before anothei 
word. Jones. 

PRE-POS'I-TOR, 71. [L. prcepositor.] A scholar appointed 
by the instructor to inspect other scholars. 

PRE-POS'I-TURE, w. The office or place of a provost; a 
provostship. 

PRE-POS-SESS', V. t. 1. To preoccupy, as ground or land ; 
to take previous possession of. 2. To iireoccupy the mind 
or heart so as to preclude other things , hence, to bias or 
prejudice. See * Possess. 

PRE-POS-SESS'ED, (pre-pos-sesf) pp. Preoccupied; in- 
clined previously to favor or disfavor. 

PRE-POS-SESS'ING, ppr. 1. Taking previous possession 
2. a. Tending to invite favor; having power to secure the 
possession of favor, esteem or love. 

PRE-POS-SES'SION, n. 1. Preoccupation ; prior possession 
2. Preconceived opinion ; the effiect of previous impres 
sions on the mind or heart, in favor or against any person 
or thing. It is often used in a good sense ; sometimes it 
is equivalent to prejudice, and sometimes a softer name 
for it. In general, it conveys an idea less odious than 
prejudice; as the pre^o6sessio?is of education. South. 

PRE-POS'TER-OUS, a.[Ij. prceposterus.] 1. Literally, hav 
ing that first which ought to be last ; inverted in order 
2. Perverted; wrong; absurd; contrary to nature or rea- 
son ; not adapted to the end. 3. Foolish ; absurd. 

PRE-POS'TER-OUS-LY, ad^j. In a wrong or inverted ci- 
der; absurdly; foolishly. Bentley. 

PRE-POS'TER-OUS-NESS, n. Wrong order or method , 
absurdity ; inconsistency with nature or reason. 

PRE-Po'TEN-CY, n. ^L. prapctentia.] Superior power, 
predominance. [Little used.] Brown. 

PRE-Po'TENT, a. [L. prmpotens.] Very powerful. [L. u.] 

PRe'PUCE, n. [Fr. ; L. proeputium.] The foreskin ; a prcn 
longation of the cutis of the penis, covering the glans. 

PRE-RE-MoTE', a. [pre and remote.] More remote in pre- 
vious time or prior order. 

PRE-RE-aUlRE', V. t. [pre and require.] To require pre- 
viously. Hammond. 

PRE-REa'UI-SiTE, a. [pre and requisite.] Previously 
required or necessary to something subsequent. 

PRE-REa'UI-SlTE, n. Something that is previously re- 
quired or necessary to the end proposed. 

PRE-RE-SOLVE', v. t. To resolve previously. 

PRE-RE-SOLV'ED, (pre-re-zolvd') pp. Resolved before- 
hand ; previously determined. 

PRE-RE-SOLV'ING, ppr. Resolving beforehand. 

PRE-ROG'A-TlVE, m. [Fr.; It. prerogativo ; L. prceroga- 
tiva.] An exclusive or peculiar privilege. 

PRE-ROG'A-TlVE-€oURT, n. In Great Britain, a court 
for the trial of all testamentary causes, where the de- 
ceased has left bona notabilia, or effects of the value of 
five pounds, in two different dioceses. 

PRE-ROG'A-TIVED, a. Having prerogative. [Little used.] 
Shak. 

P"RE-ROG'A-TIVE-OF'FICE, n. The office in which the 
wills proved in the prerogative court are registered. 

PRES, PREST, seem to be derived from the Saxon preost, 
a priest ; it being usual, in after times, to drop the letter 
o in like cases. Gibson. 

* PRe'SAGE, or PRES'A6E, n. [Fr.; Sp., It. presagio ; L 
prmsagium.] Something which foreshows a future event ; 
a prognostic ; a present fact indicating something to come. 

PRE-SaGE', v.t. 1. To forebode ; to foreshow ; to indicate 
by some present fact what is to follow or come to pasH. 
2. To foretell ; to predict ; to prophesy. 

PRE-SaGE', v. i. To form or utter a prediction ; with of 

PRE-Sa'GED, (pre-sajd') pp. Foreboded ; foreshown ; fore- 
told. _ 

PRE-SaGE'FUL, a. Full of presages ; containing presaaes 

PRE-SaGE'MENT, n. 1. A foreboding ; foretoken. TVotion. 
2. A foretelling ; prediction. 

PRE-Sa'GER, n. A foreteller ; a foreshower. Shak, 

PRE-Sa'GING,;)^?-. Foreshowing; foretelling. 

PRES'BY-TER, n. [Gr. npea^vrepos.] 1. In the primitive 
Christian church, an elder ; a person somewhat advanced 
in age, who had authority in the church. 2. A priest; a 
person who has the pastoral charge of a particular church 
and congregation ; called, in the Saxon laws, mass-priest. 
Hooker. 3. A Presbyterian. Butler. 

PRES-BY-Te'RI-AL, ^ a. 1. Pertaining to a presbyter, 01 

PRES-BY-Te'RI-AN, ( to ecclesiastical government by 
presbyters. 2. Consisting of presbyters. 

PRES-BY-Te'RI-AN, n. 1. One that maintains the validity 
of ordination and government by presbyters. 2. One thai 
belongs to a church governed by presbyters. 



* See Synopsis. Mo VE BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



PRE 



PRES-BY-TS'RI-AN-ISM, n. The doctrines, principles 
and discipline or government of Presbyterians. Addison. 

PRES'BY-TER-Y, lu 1. A body of elders in the Christian 
church. — 2. In ecclesiastical ^ouer7irae7it, a judicatory con- 
sisting of all the pastors of churches within a certain dis- 
trict, and one ruling elder, a layman, from each parish, 
commissioned to represent the parish in conjunction with 
the minister. 3. The Presbyterian religion. 

* PRESCIENCE, (pre-sl'ense, or pre'shens) n. [Low L, prcB- 
seientia.] Foreknowledge ; knowledge of events before 
they take place. 

•PRESCIENT, (pre-si'ent, or pre'shent) a. Foreknowing; 
having knowledge of events before they take place. Pope. 

PRE-SCIND', V. t. [L. pr(Bscindo.] To cut off; to abstract. 
[Little used.] JVorris, 

PRE-SCIND'ENT, a. Cutting off; abstracting. Cheyne. 

PRE'SCIOtJS, a. [L. praisciiis.] Foreknowing ; having 
foreknowledge. Dryden. 

PRE-S€RlBE', V. t. [L. prmscribo.] 1. In medicine, to di- 
rect, as a remedy to be used or applied to a diseased pa- 
tient. 2. To set or lay down authoritatively for direction ; 
to give as a rule of conduct. 3. To direct. 

PRE-S€RlBE', V. i. 1. To write or give medical directions ; 
to direct what remedies are to be used. 2. To give law ; 
to influence arbitrarily.— 3. In law, to claim by prescrip- 
tion ; to claim a title to a thing by immemorial use and 
enjoyment. 4. To influence by long use ; [obs.] 

PRE-SCRlB'ED, (pre-skribd') pp. Directed; ordered. 

PRE-S€RlB'ER, n. One that prescribes. 

PRE-SCRlB'ING, ppr. Directing ; giving as a rule of con- 
duct or treatment. 

PRE'SeRIP"^ a. [L. prcBscriptus.] Directed; prescribed. 

PRE'SCRIPT, n. [L. prcescriptum.] 1. A direction ; a med- 
ical order for the use of medicines. 2. Direction ; pre- 
cept ; model prescribed. 

PRE-S€RIP'TI-BLE, a. That may be prescribed for. 

PRE-S€RIP'TI0N, n. [L. praiscriptic] I. The act of 
prescribing or directing by rules ; or that which is pre- 
scribed ; particularly, a medical direction of remedies for 
a disease and the manner of using them ; a recipe. — 2. In 
law, a prescribing for title ; the claim of title to a thing by 
virtue of immemorial use and enjoyment ; or the right 
to a thing derived from such use. — 3. In Scots law, the 
title to lands acquired by uninterrupted possession for 
the time which the law declares to be sufficient, or 40 
years, 

PRE-S€RIP'TlVE, a. 1. Consisting in or acquired by im- 
memorial use and enjoyment. 2. Pleading the contin- 
uance and authority of custom. Hurd. 

t PRES'E-ANCE, n. [Fr.] Priority of place in sitting. 

PRES'ENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. prcesentia.] 1. The existence of 
a person or thing in a certain place. 2. A being in com- 
pany near or before the face of another. 3. Approach 
face to face or nearness of a great personage. 4. State of 
being in view ; sight. — 5. By way of distinction, state of 
being in view of a superior. 6. A number assembled be- 
fore a great person. 7. Port ; mien ; air ; personal ap- 
pearance ; demeanor. 8. The apartment in whicJi a 
prince shows himself to his court. 9. The person of a supe- 
rior. — Presence of mind, a calm, collected state of the mind 
with its faculties at command. Waller. 

PRES'ENCE-CHaM-BER, I n. The room in which a 

PRES'ENCE-ROOM, ] /great personage receives 

company. 

PRE-SEN-SA'TION, n. Previous notion or idea. 

PRE-SEN'SION, n. [L. prtesensio.] Previous perception. 
[Little used.] Brown. 

PRES'ENT, a. [Fr. present; L. prcesens.] 1. Being in a 
certain place ; opposed to absent 2. Being before the 
face, or near ; being in company 3. Being now in view 
or under consideration. 4. Now existing, or being at this 
time ; not past or future. 5. Ready at hand ; quick in 
emergency. 6. Favorably attentive ; not heedless ; pro- 
pitious. 7. Not absent of mind ; not abstracted ; atten- 
tive. — The present, an elliptical expression for the present 
time. Milton. — At present, elliptically for at the present 
time. — Present tense, in grammar, the tense or form of 
a verb which expresses action or being in the present 
time. 

PRE.'5'ENT, ?i. [Fr.] That which is presented or given ; a 
gift ; a donative ; something given or offered to another 
gratuitously. — Presents, in the plural, is used in law for a 
deed of conveyance, a lease, letter of attorney or other 
writmg ; as in the phrase, " Know all men by these pres- 
ents ' 

PRE-SENT', v. t. [Low L. prcBsento ; Fr. presenter.] I. 
To set, place or introduce into the presence or before the 
face of a superior. 2. To exhibit to view or notice. 3. 
To offer ; to exhibit. 4. To give ; to offer gratuitously 
for reception. 5. To put into the hands of another in cer- 
emony. 6. To favor with a gift. 7. To nominate to an 
ecclesiastical benefice ; to offer to the bishop or ordinary 
as a candidate for institution. 8. To offer. 9. To lay 
before a public body for consideration, as before a legis- 



636 PRE 

lature, a court of judicature, a corporation, &c. 10. To 
lay before a court of judicature as an object of inquiry , 
to give notice officially of a crime or offense. 11. To 
point a weapon, particularly some species of fire-arms. 
12. To indict ; a customary use of the word in the United 



PRE-SENT'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be presented ; that 
may be exhibited or represented. Burke. 2. That may 
be offered to a church living. 3. That admits of the pres- 
entation of a clerk ; [unursual.] 

PRES-EN-Ta'NE-OUS, a. [L. prmsentaneus.] Ready: 
quick ; immediate. Harvey. 

PRES-EN-Ta'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of presenting. 
2. Exhibition ; representation ; display.— 3. In ecclesiasti- 
cal law, the act of offering a clerk to the bishop or ordina- 
ry for institution in a benefice. 4. The right of present 
ing a clerk. 

PRE-SENT' A-TtVE, a. 1. In ecclesiastical affairs, that 
has the right of presentation, or offering a clerk to the 
bishop for institution. 2. That admits the presentation of 

PRE-SENT'ED, pp. Offered ; given ; exhibited to view , 
accused. 

PRES'EN-TEE, n. One presented to a benefice. Ayliffe. 

PRE-SENT'ER, n. One that presents. 

PRE-SEN'TIAL, G. Supposing actual presence. [LiUleused.] 
JVorris. 

PRES-EN-TIAL'I-TY, n. The state of being present. [Lit- 
tle used.] 

PRE-SEN'TIAL-LY, adv. In a way which supposes actual 
presence. More. 

PRE-SEN'TIATE, v. t. To make present. [L. u.] Grew. 

{^rII'-ISfiSaL, I ''- Making present. 

t PRES-EN-TIF'I€-LY, adv. In such a manner as to make 
present. More. 

PRE-SENT'I-MENT, 71. [pre and sentiment.] Previous con- 
ception, sentiment or opinion ; previous apprehension of 
something future. Butler. 

PRES'ENT-LY, adv. 1. At present ; at this time ; [obs.] 
Sidney. 2. In a short time after ; soon after. 3. Imme- 
diately. 

PRESENTMENT, n. 1. The act of presenting. 2. Ap- 
pearance to the view ; representation.— 3. In law, a pre- 
sentment, properly speaking, is the notice taken by a 
grand jury of any offense from their own knowledge or 
observation, without any bill of indictment laid before 
them. Blackstone. — 4. In a more general sense, present- 
ment comprehends inquisitions of office and indictments. 
Blackstone. — In the United States, a presentment is an offi- 
cial accusation presented to a tribunal by the grand jury 
in an indictment ; or it is the act of offering an indict- 
ment. It is also used for the indictment itself. 5. The 
official notice in court which the jury or homage gives of 
the surrender of a copyhold estate. Blackstone. 

tPRES'ENT-NESS, 71. Presence. Clarendon. 

PRE-SERV'A-BLE, a. That may be preserved. 

PRES-ER-VaTION, 71. [It. preservaiione ; Sp, preserva- 
cion.] The act of preserving or keeping safe; the act of 
keeping from injury, destruction or decay. 

PRE-SERV'A-TiVE, a. [It. preservativo ; Fr. preservatif.] 
Having the power or quality of keeping safe from injury, 
destruction or decay ; tending to preserve. 

PRE-SERV'A-TIVE, 7?,. That which preserves or has 
the power of preserving ; a preventive of injury or de- 
cay. 

PRE-SERV'A-TO-RY, a. That tends to preserve. HaJl. 

PRE-SERV'A-TO-RY, n. That which has the power of 
preserving ; a preservative. Whitlock. 

PRE-SERVE', (pre-zerv') v. t. [Fr. preserver; It. preserv- 
are.] 1. To keep or save from injury or destruction ; to 
defend from evil. 2. To uphold ; to sustain. 3. To save 
from decay ; to keep in a sound state. 4. To season with 
sugar or other substances for preservation. 5. To keep 
or defend from corruption. 

PRE-SERVE', (pre-zerv') n. Fruit or a vegetable seasoned 
and kept in sugar or sirup. Mortimer. 

PRE-SERV'ED, (pre-zervd') pp. Saved from injury, de- 
struction or decay ; kept or defended from evil ; seasoned 
with sugar for preservation. 

PRE-SERV'ER, n. 1. The person or thing that preserves ; 
one that saves or defends from destruction or evil. 2 
One that makes preserves of fruits. 

PRE-SERV'ING, ppr. Keeping safe from injury, destruc- 
tion or decay ; defending from evil. 

PRE-SlDE', V. i. [L. prasideo ; Fr. presidcr.] 1. To be set 
over for the exercise of authority ; to direct, control and 
govern, as the chief officer. 2. To exercise superintend- 
ence ; to watch over as inspector. 

PRES'I-DEN-CY, n. 1. Superintendence ; inspection and 
care. 2. The office of president. 3. The term during which 
a president holds his office. 4. The jurisdiction of a pres- 
ident. 5. The family or suit of a president. 

PRES'I-DENT, n. [Fr,; l.. prcesidens.] 1. An officer elected 



♦ See Synopsis. A, E. T, O, tj, Y, long.—FiiR, FALL, WHAT ; -PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; 



Obsolete 



PRE 



637 



PRE 



or appointed to preside over a corporation, company or 
assembly of men, to keep order, manage their concerns 
or govern their proceedings. 2. An officer appointed or 
elected to govern a province or territory, or to administer 
the government of a nation. 3. The chief oificer of a col- 
lege or university. U. States. 4. A tutelar pov/er. — Fice- 
president, one who is second in authority to the presiden>.. 
PRES-I-DEN'TIAL, a. 1. Pertaining to a president. Walsh. 

2. Presiding over. Olanville. 
PRES'I-DENT-SHIP, n. 1. The office and place of pres- 
ident. 2. The term for which a president holds his office. 

PRE-SID'I-AL, ) a. [L. prcBsidhim.] Pertaining to a 

PRE-SID'IA-RY, ) garrison 5 having a garrison. JKbiceZZ. 

PRE-SIG-NI-FI-€a'TION, n. The act of signifying or 
showing beforehand. Barrow. 

PRE-SIG'NI-FY, V. t. [pre and signify.'] To intimate or sig- 
nify beforehand 3 to show previously. Pearson. 

PRESS, V. t. [Fr. presser ,- It. pressare.] 1. To urge with 
^orce or weight ; a word of extensive use, denoting the 
application of any power, physical or mora!, to something 
that is to be moved or affected. 2. To squeeze ; to cruslr. 

3. To drive with violence ; to huiTy. 4. To urge ; to 
enforce ; to inculcate with earnestness. 5. To embrace 
closely ; to hug. 6. To force into service, particularly 
into naval service ; to impress. 7. To straiten ; to dis- 
tress. 8. To constrain ; to compel ; to urge by authority 
or necessity. 9. To urge ; to impose by importunity. 
JO. To urge or solicit with earnestness or importunity. 
11. To urge ; to constrain. 12. To squeeze for making 
smooth ; as cloth or paper. 

PRESS, V. i. 1. To urge or strain in motion ; to urge for- 
ward with force. 2. To bear on with force ; to encroach. 
3. To bear on with force 5 to crowd ; to throng. 4. To 
approach unseasonably or importunately. 5. To urge 
with vehemence and importunity 6. To urge by influ- 
ence or moral force. 7. To push with force ; as, to press 
against the door. 

PRESS, w. [It. pressa; Fr. presse.] 1. An instrument or 
machine by which any body is squeezed, crushed or forced 
into a more compact form. 2. A machine for printing ; 
a printing-press. 3. The art or business of printing and 
publishing. 4. A crowd 5 a throng ; a multitude of indi- 
viduals crowded together. 5. The act of urging or push- 
ing forward. 6. A wine-vat or cistern. Hag. ii. 7. A 
case or closet for the safe keeping of garments. 8. Ur- 
gency ; urgent demands of affairs. 9. A commission to 
force men into public service, particularly into the navy. 
—Press of sail, in navigation, is as much sail as the state 
of the wind will permit. — Liberty of the press, in civil pol- 
icy, is the free right ef publishing books, pamphlets or pa- 
pers without previous restraint. 

FRESS'-BED, n. A bed that may be raised and inclosed in 
a case. 

PRESSED, pp. Urged by force or weight 5 constrained ; 
distressed ; crowded ; embraced. 

PRESS'ER, n. One that presses. 

PRESS'-GANG, n. A detachment of seamen under the 
command of an officer, empowered to impress men into 
the naval service. 

PRESS'ING, ppr. 1. Urging with force or weight ; squeez- 
ing ; constraining ; crowding ; embracing ; distressing ; 
forcing into service ; rolling in a press. 2. a. Urgent ; 
distressing. 

PRESS'ING, n. The act or operation of applying force to 
bodies. 

PRESS'ING-LY, adu. With force or urgency ; closely. 

PRES'SION, (presh'un) n. [It. pressione.] 1. The act of 
pressing. — 2. In the Cartesian philosophy, an endeavor to 
move. 

r PRESS'I-TANT, a. Gravitating ; heavy. More. 

j-FRESS'LY, adv. [L. presse.] Closely. More. 

PRESS'MAN, n. 1. In printing, the man who manages 
the press and impresses the sheets. 2. One of a press- 
gang, who aids in forcing men into the naval service. 

PRESS'-M6N-EY, n. Money paid to a man impressed into 
public service. [See Prest-monet.] Gay. 

PRESS'URE, (presh'ur) n. [It., L. presstira.] 1. The act 
of pressing or urging with force. 2. The act of squeez- 
ing or crushing,. 3. The state of being squeezed or crush- 
ed. 4. The force of one body acting on another by 
weight or the continued application of power. 5. A con- 
straining force or impulse ; that which urges or compels 
the intellectual or moral faculties. 6. That which af- 
flicts the body or depresses the spires ; any severe afflic- 
tion, distress, calamity or grievance ; straits, difficulties, 
embarrassments, or the distress they occasion. 7. Ur- 
gency ; as the pressure of business. 8. Impression ; 
stamp; character impressed. — 9. In the steam-en ffme,high^ 
pressure denotes a pressure greater than that of the atmos- 
phere ; low-pressure, a pressure not greater than that of 
me atmosphere. 

PREST, sometimes used for p-essed. Sec Press. 

fPREST, a. [Old Fr. prest, or preste, now prit, pret, or 
preste.] I. Ready : prompt. Fairfax. 2. Neat 5 tight. 



t PREST, n. [Fr. prit.] 1. A loan. Bacm. 2. Formerly, 

a duty in money 
PREST '-MoN-EY, n. Money paid to men impressed into 

the service. Encyc. 

PRES-Ta'TION, n. [L. prcestatio.] Formerly, a payment 
of money ; sometimes used for purveyance. 

PRES-Ta'TION-M6N-EY, w. A sum of money paid year- 
ly by archdeacons and other dignitaries to their bishop, 
pro exteriore jurisdictione. 

PRES'TER, n. [Gr. rrpnarrjp.] 1. A meteor thrown from 
the clouds with such violence, that by collision it is set 
on fire. 2. The external part of the neck, which swells 
when a person is angry. 

PRES'TI-GES, n. [L. prcestigice.] Juggling tricks ; impo»- 
tures. 

PRES-TIG-I-A'TION, n. [L. prcBstigice.] The playing of 
legerdemain tricks 3 a juggling. Diet. 

PRES-Tl6-I-A'TOR, 7t. A juggler 3 a cheat. More. 

PRES-TIG'I-A-TO-RY, a. Juggling 3 consisting of impcs- 
tures, 

PRES-TIG'I-OUS, a. Practicing tricks ; juggling. Bale. 

PRES'TI-MO-NY, n. [Port., Sp. prestimonio.] In canon 
law, a fund for the support of a priest, appropriated by the 
founder. 

PRES'TO, adv. [Sp., It. presto; !•. prcesto.] 1. In wm^c, 
a direction for a quick, lively movement or performance. 
2. CiuJckly 3 immediately ; in haste. Swift. 

PRE-STRI€'TlON, n. [1,. praistrictus.] Dimness. 

PRE-SuM'A-BLE, a. [Yrom presume.] That may be pre- 
sumed 3 that may be supposed to be true or entitled to be- 
lief, without examination or direct evidence, or on proba- 
ble evidence. 

PIlE-SuM'A-BLY, adv. By presuming or supposing some- 
thingto be true, without direct proof. Brown. 

PRE-SUME', V. t. [Fr. presumer ; It. presumere ; h. prm- 
suvio.] To take or suppose t® be true or entitled to belief, 
without examination or positive proof, or on the strength 
of probability. 

PRE-SuME',tJ. t. 1. To venture without positive permis- 
sion. 2. To form confident or arrogant opinions. 3. To 
make confident or arrogant attempts. 4. It has on or upon 
sometimes before the thing supposed. 

PRE-SuM'ED, (pre-zumd') pp. Supposed or taken to be 
true, or entitled to belief, without positive proof. 

PRE-SuM'ER, 71. One that presumes ; also, an arrogant 
person. Wott.on. 

PRE-SuM'ING, ppr. 1. Ta'^ing as true, or supposing to be 
entitled to belief, on probable evidence. 2. a. Venturing 
without positive permission 3 too confident 3 arrogant 5 
unreasonably bold. 

PRE-SUMP'TION, n. [Fr. presomption ; L. prmsumptio.] 

1. Supposition of the truth or real existence of something 
without direct or positive proof of the fact. 2. Strong 
probability. 3. Blind or headstrong confidence ; unrea- 
sonable adventurousness 3 a venturing to undertake 
something wit|iout reasonable prospect of success, or 
against the usual probabilities of safety 3 presumptuous- 
ness. 4. Arrogance. 5. Unreasonable confidence in di- 
vine favor. 

PRE-SUMP'TIVE, a. 1. Taken by previous supposition ; 
grounded on probable evidence. 2. Unreasonably confi- 
dent 3 adventuring without reasonable ground to expect 
success 3 presumptuous 3 arrogant. — Presumptive evidence, 
in law, is that which is derived from circumstances which 
necessarily or usually attend a fact as distinct from direct 
evidence or positive proof. — Presumptive heir, one who 
would inherit an estate if the ancestor should die with 
things in their present state, but whose right of inheri- 
tance may be defeated by the birth of a nearer heir before 
the death of the ancestor. 

PRE-SUMP'TIVE-LY, adv. By presumption, or supposi- 
tion grounded on probability. Burke. 

PRE-SUMP'TU-OUS, a. [Fr. presomptueux ; It., Sp. p-e- 
s2intuoso.] 1. Bold and confident to excess; adventur- 
ing without reasonable ground of success ; hazarding 
safety on too slight grounds ; rash. 2. Founded on pre- 
sumption ; proceeding from excess of confidence. 3. Ar- 
rogant 3 insolent. 4. Unduly confident 5 irreverent with 
respect to sacred things. 5. Willful 3 done with bold fle- 
sign, rash confidence or in violation of known duty. 

PRE-S«UMP'TU-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With rash confidence 

2. Arrogantly ; insolently. 3. Willfully 3 in bold defi- 
ance of conscience or violation of known duty. 4 
With groundless and vain confidence in the divine fa- 
voi. 

PRE-SUMF'TU-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being pre- 
sumptuous or rashly confident: groundless confidence ; 
arrogance 5^ irreverent boldness or forwardness. 

PRE-SUP-Fo'SAL, w. [pre and svpposal.] Supposal previ- 
ously formed 5 presupposition. Hooker. 

PRE-SUP-PoSE', •w t. [Fr. presvpposer ; It- presnpporre.] 
To suppose as previous ; to imply as antecedent. 

PRE-SUP-PoS'ED, (pre-sup-pozd';p/'. Supposed to be ante 
cedent. 



Synopsis. MdVE, BOOK, D6VE 3— BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J 3 S as Z ; CH as SH ; TO as in this t Obsolete 



\: 



PRE 



638 



m 



fPRE 



rRE-SUP-P6S'ING, ppr. Supposing as previous. 

PRE-SUP-PO-Si"TION, n. 1. Supposition previously form- 
ed 2. Supposition of sometTiing antecedent. 

PRE-SUR-MlSE', 71. A surmise n-^viously formed. 

PRE-TEND', V. t. [L. praitenao ; Fr. pretendre.] 1. Lit- 
erally^ to reach or stretch forward. 2. To hold out, as a 
false appearance ; to offer something feigned instead of 
that which is real ; to simulate, in words or actions. 3. 
To show hypocritically. 4. To exhibit as a cover for 
something hidden ; [obs.] 5. To claim. 6. To intend ; 
to design ; [obs.] 

PRE-TEND', V. i. To put in a claim, truly or falsely ; to 
hold out the appearance of being, possessing or perform- 
ing. 

PRE-TEND'ED, pp. 1. Held out, as a false appearance ; 
feigned; simu'ated. 2. a. Ostensible ; hypocritical. 

PRE-TEND ED-LY, adv. By false appearance or represen- 
tation. Hammond. 

PRE-TEND'ER, n. 1. One who makes a show of some- 
thing not real ; one who lays claim to any thing. — 2. In 
English history, the heir of the royal family of Stuart, who 
laid claim to the crown of Great Britain, but was exclud- 
ed by law. 

PRE-TEND'ER-SHIP, n. The claim of the Pretender. 

PRE-TEND'ING, ppr. Holding out a false appearance ; 
laying claim to. 

PRE-TEND'ING-LY, adv. Arrogantly ; presumptuously. 

PRE-TENSE', (pre-tens') 71. [L. pratensus.] 1. A holding 
out or offering to others something false or feigned ; a pre- 
senting to o^'^iers a false or hypocritical appearance. 2. 
Assumption , oiaim to notice. 3. Claim, true or false. 4. 
Something held out to terrify or for other purpose. 

PRE-TENS'ED, (pre-tenst') a. Pretended ; feigned. [Little 
used.] Enajc. 

PRE-TEN'SION, n. [It. pretensions ; Fr. pretention.] 1. 
Claim, true or false ; a holding out the appearance of right 
or possession of a thing, with a view to maJte others be- 
lieve wha» !s nut real, or what, if true, is not j'et known 
or admitted. 2. Claim to something to be obtaired, or a 
desire to obtain something, manifested by words or ac- 
tions. 3. Fictitious appearance ; [obs.^ 

PRE-TENT'A-TiVE, a. [L. pre and tento.] That may be 
previously tried or attempted. [Little used.] Wotton. 

PRe'TES, a Latin preposition, [prceter,] is used in some 
English words as a prefix. Its proper signification is be- 
yond, hence, beside, more. 

PRE-TER-IM-PER'PECT, a. [beyond or beside unfinish- 
ed.] In grammar, designating the tense which expresses 
action or being not perfectly past. 

PRe'TER-IT, a. [L. prxteritus.] Past ; applied to the tense 
in grammar which expresses an action or being perfectly 
past or finished, often that which is just past or completed, 
but without a specification of time. 

PRE-TER-i"TION, n. [Fr.] I. I'he act of going past ; the 
state of being past. — 2. In rhetoric, a figure by which, in 
pretending to pass over any thing, we make a summary 
iii_ention of it. 

PRe'TER-IT-NESS, n. The state of being past. [t. u.] 

PRE-TER-LAPS'ED, (pre-ter-lapsf) a. [L. prceterlapsus.] 
Past ; gonejby. 

PRE-TER-Le'GAL, a. [L. prater, and legal.] Exceeding 
the limits of law ; not legal. [Littleused.] K. Charles. 

PRE-TER-MIS'SION, n. [L. prmtermissio.] 1. A pass- 
ing by ; omission. — 2. In rhetoric, the same as preteri- 
tion. 

PRE-TER-MIT', v. t. [L. prcetermitto.] To pass by ; to omit. 
Bacon. 

PRE-TER-NAT'U-RAL, a. [L. prxter and natural.] Be- 
yond what is natural, or different from what is natural ; 
irregular. We call those events in the physical world 
preternatural,-which are extraordinary, which are deemed 
to be beyond or without the ordinary course of things, and 
yet are not deemed miraculous ; in distinction from events 
which are supernatural, which cannot be produced by 
physical laws or powers', and must therefore be produced 
by a direct exertion of omnipotence. We also apply the 
epithet to things uncommon or irregular ; as a preternatu- 
ral swelline. 

PRE-TER-NAT-U-RAL'I-TY, n. Pretematuralness. [Lit- 

PRE-TER-NAT'U-RAL-LY, adv. In a manner beyond or 
aside from the common order of nature. 

PRE-TER-NAT'U-RAL-NESS, n. A state or manner dif- 
ferert from the common order of nature. 

PRE-TER-PER'FE€T, a. [1,. prceter and perfectiis.] Literal- 
ly, more than complete or finished ; an epithet, in grammar, 
equivalent to preterit, applied to the tense of verbs which 
expresses action or being absolutely past. 

PRE-TER-PLU-PER'FE€T, a. [L. prceter, plus, and per- 
fectus.] Literally, beyond more than perfect ; an epithet, 
in grammar, designating the tense of verbs which ex- 
presses action or being psist prior to another past event or 
time 
PRE-TEX', V. t. [L. prmtexo ] To cloak ; to conceal. 



* PRE'-TEXT, n. [L. prcetexUis ; Fr. pretexte.] Pretense , 
false appearance ; ostensible reason or motive "assigned or 
assumed as a color or cover for the real reason or motive. 

PRE-TEX'TA, n. The robe that was worn by the youths 
of old Rome under seventeen years of age. 

PRe'TOR, n. [L.prcetor.] Among the ancient Romans, a. 
judge ; an ofiicer answering to the modern chief justice 
or chancellor, or to both. 

PRE-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to a pretor or judge ; judi 
cial. 

PRE-To'RI-AN, a. Belonging to a pretor or judge ; judicial , 
exercised by the pretor.— Fretorian bands, or guards, in 
Roman history, were the emperor's guards. 

PRE'TOR-SHIP, n. The office of pretor. Warton. 

PRET TI-LY, (prit'te-ly) ado 1. In a pretty manner ; with 
neatness and taste ; pleasingly; without magnificence or 
splendor. 2. With decency, good manners and decorum 
without dignity. 

PRET'TI-NESS, (prit'te-nes) n. 1. Diminutive beauty ; a 
pleasing form without stateliness or dignity. More. 2. 
Neatness and taste displayed on small objects". 3. Decen- 
cy of manners ; pleasing propriety without dignity or ele- 
vation. 

PRET'TY, (prit'ty) a. [Sax. prcste, pratig ; Dan. prydet ; 
Sw.prydd; W.prijd.] 1. Having diminutive beauty; of 
a pleasing form without the strong lines of beauty, ot 
without gracefulness and dignity. 2. Neat and appro- 
priate without magnificence or splendor. 3. Handsome ; 
neatly arranged or ornamented. 4. Neat; elegant with- 
out elevation or grandeur. 5. Sly ; crafty. 6. Small ; 
diminutive ; in contempt. 7. Not very small ; moderate- 
ly large ; [obs.] 

PRET'TY, (prit'ty) adv. In some degree ; tolerably ; mod- 
erately. Atterhiiry. 

PRE-TYP'I-FlED, pp. Antecedently represented by type 
prefigured. 

PRE-TYP'I-F-?, v. t. [jpre and trjpify.] To prefigure ; to ex- 
hibit previously in a type. Pearson. 

PRE-^YP'I-FY-ING, ppr. Prefiguring. 

PRE-VaIL', v. I. [Fr. prevaluir i It. prevalere ; I^. prtr- 
valeo.] 1. To overcome ; to gain the victory or superiori- 
ty ; to gain the advantage. 2. To be in force ; to have 
effect, power or influence. 3. To be predominant ; to 
extend over with force or effect. 4. To gain or have pre- 
dominant influence ; to operate with effect. 5. To per- 
suadeor induce ; with on or upon. 6. To succeed. 

PRE-VaiL'ING, pj??-. 1. Gaining advantage, superiority or 
victory; having effect; persuading; succeeding. 2. a. 
Predominant ; having more influence ; prevalent ; superior 
in power. 3. Efficacious. 4. Predominant ; most gen- 
eral. 

PRE-VaIL'MENT, n. Prevalence. [Little used.] Shak. 

PREV'A-LENCE, )n. 1. Superior strength, influence or ef- 

PREV'A-LEN-CY, \ ficacy ; most efficacious force in pro- 
ducing an effect. 2 Predominance ; most general recep- 
tion or practice. 3. Most general existence or extension. 
4. Success. 

PREV'A-LENT, a. 1. Gaining advantage or superiority ; 
victorious. 2. Powerful ; efficacious ; successful. 3. Pre- 
dominant; most generally received or current 4. Pre- 
dominant ; most general ; extensively existing. 

PREV'A-LENT-LY, adv. With predominance or supenon 
ty ; powerfully. 

PRE-VAR'I-€ATE, v. i. [It. prevaricare ; Sp. prevaricar , 
Fr. prevariquer ; 1l. prcevancor .] 1. To shuffle ; to quib- 
ble ; to shift or turn from one side to the other, from the 
direct course or from truth ; to play foul play. — 2. In the 
civil law, to collude ; as where an informer colludes with 
the defendant, and makes a sham prosecution. — 3. In 
English law, to undertake a thing falsely and deceitfully, 
with the purpose of defeating or destroying it. 

PRE-VAR'I-€ATE, v. t. To pervert ; to corrupt ; to evade 
by a quibble. [L.u.] 

PRE-VAR-I-€a'TION, t?. 1. A shuffling or quibbling to 
evade the truth or the disclosure of truth ; the practice of 
some trick for evading what is just or honorable ; a devia- 
tion from the plain path of truth and fair dealing. — 2. In 
the civil law, the collusion of an informer With the defend- 
ant, for the purpose of making a sham prosecution. — 3. In 
common lam, a seeming to undertake a thing falsely or de- 
ceitfully, for the purpose of defeating or destroying it. 4. 
A secret abuse in the exercise of a public office or com- 
mission. 

PRE-VAR'I-C 4-TOR, n. 1. One that prevaricates ; a shuf- 
fler ; a quibbler. 2. A sham dealer ; one who colludes 
with a defendant in a sham prosecution. 3. One who 
abuses his trust. 

t PRE-VeNE', v. t. [L. pravenio.] Literally, to come be- 
fore ; hence, to hinder. Philips. 

PRE-Ve'NT-ENT, a. [L. prmveniens.] Going before ; pre- 
ceding : hence, preventive. Milton. 

PRE-VENT', v. t. [It. prevenire ; Sp., Fr. prevenir ; L. 
prcevenio.] 1. To go before ; to precede. 2. To precede 
as something unexpected or unsought. 3. To go before , 



See Synopn^ J , % 1, 0, U, Y, lov<r.—FAB., FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BtRD ;— t Obsolete. 



PRI 



639 



PRI 



to precede ; to favor by anticipation or by hindering dis- 
tress or evil. 4. To anticipate. 5. To preoccupy; to pre- 
engage ; to attempt first. [In all the preceding senses, the 
word is obsolete.] 6. To hinder ; to obstruct ; to intercept 
the approach or access of This is now the only sense. 

t PRE-VENT', V. i. To come before the usual time. Bacon. 

PRE-VENT'A-BLE, a. That may be prevented. 

PRE-VENT'ED, ^j). Hindered from happening. 

PRE-VENT'ER, n. 1. One that goes before ; [obs.] Bacon. 

2. One that hinders ; a hinderer ; that which hinders. 
PRE-VENT'ING, ppr. 1. Going before ; [obs.] 2. Hinder- 
ing ; obviating. 

PRE-VENT'ING-LY, adv. In such a manner or way as to 
hinder. Dr. Walker. 

PRE-VEN'TION, 71. [Fr.] 1. Tlie act of going before ; [obs.] 
Bacon. 2. Preoccupation ; anticipation ; [I. u.] 3. The 
act of hindering ; hinderance ; obstruction of access or ap- 
proach. 4. Prejudice ; prepossession ; a French sense, 
but not in use in Enirlish. 

PRE-VEN'TION-AL, a. Tending to prevent. Diet. 

PRE-VENT'iVE, a. Tending to hinder ; hindering the ac- 
cess of. Brown. 

PRE-VENT'IVE, n. 1. That which prevents ; that which 
intercepts the access or approach of. 2, An antidote pr3- 
viously taken. 

PRE-VENT'IVE-LY, adv. By way of prevention ; in a 
naanner that tends to hinder. 

PRe'VI-OUS, a. [L. prcevius.] Going before in time ; be- 
ing or happening before something else ; antecedent ; 
prior. 

PRe'VI-OUS-LY, adv. In time preceding ; beforehand ; 
antecedently. 

PRe'VI-OUS-NESS, n. Antecedence ; priority in time. 

PRE-VI"SION, n. [1,. pravisus.] Foresight; foreknowl- 
edge ; prescience. Encyc. 

PRE-WARNi, V. t. [See Warn.] To warn beforehand ; to 
give previous notice of. Beaumont. 

PREY, M. [h.prmda; It. preda ; Fr. prole; Arm. preyi, or 
preih.] 1. Spoil ; booty ; plunder ; goods taken by force 
from an enemy in war. 2. That which is seized or may 
be seized by violence to be devoured ; ravine. 3. Ravage ; 
depredation.~./37iim«Z or beast of prey is a carnivorous 
animal ; one that feeds on the flesh of other animals. 

PREY, V. i. 1. To prey on or upon, is to rob ; to plunder ; to 
pillage. 2. To feed by violence, or to seize an,d devour. 

3. To corrode ; to waste gradually ; to cause to pine 
away. 

PREY'ER, n. He or that which preys ; a plunderer ; a 
waster ; a devourer. 

PREY'ING, ppr. Plundering ; corroding ; wasting gradual- 
ly. 

PRl'A-PISM, 71. [L. priapismus.] A preternatural tension. 

PRICE, 71. [Fr. prix ; It. prezzo ; Sp. precio ,■ Arm. pris ; D. 
prys ; G.preis; Dan. priis ; 1,. pretium.] 1. The sum or 
amount of money at which a thing is valued, or the val- 
ue which a seller sets on his goods in market. 2. The sum 
or equivalent given for an article sold. 3. The current 
value or rate paid for any species of goods. 4. Value; es- 
timation ; excellence ; worth. 5. Reward ; recompense. — 
The price of redemption is the atonement of Jesus Christ. 
1 Cor. vi. — jI price in the hands of a fool, the valuable of- 
fers of salvation, which he neglects. Prov. xvii. 

PRICE, V. t. 1. To pay for. 2. To set a price on. 

PRiCE'LESS, a. 1. Invaluable ; too valuable to admit of a 
price. Shak. 2. Without value ; worthless or unsalable. 
.7. Barlow. 

PRICK, V. t. [Sax. priccian ; D. prikken ; Dan. prikker ; 
Sw. pricka.] 1. To pierce with a sharp-pointed instrument 
or substance. 2. To erect a pointed thing, or with an 
acuminated point ; applied chiefly to the ears. 3. To fix 
by the point. 4. To hang on a point. 5. To designate 
by a puncture or mark. 6. To spur ; to goad ; to incite. 
7. To affect with sharp pain ; to sting with remorse. 8. 
To make acid or pungent to the taste. 9. To write a nm- 
sical composition with the proper notes on a scale. — 10. 
In seamen's language, to run a middle seam through the 
cloth of a sail. — To prick a chart, is to trace a ship's course 
on a chart. Mar. Diet. 

PRICK, v.i. 1. To become acid. 2. To dress one's self for 
show. 3. To come upon the spur; to shoot along. 4. 
To aim at a point, mark or place. 

PRICK, 71. [Sax. pricca ,• Sw. pric/c, or pre/ra.] 1. A slender, 
pointed instrument, or substance which is hard enough to 
pierce the skin ; a goad ; a spur. 2. Sharp, stinging 
pain ; remorse. 3. A spot or mark at which archers aim. 

4. A point ; a fixed place. 5. A puncture or place en- 
tered by a point. 6. The print of a hare on the ground. 
— 7. In seamen's language, a small roll. 

PRICKED, pp. Pierced with a sharp point ; spuiTed ; goad- 
ed ; stung with pain ; rendered acid or pungent ; marked ; 
designated. 

PRICK'BR, 71. 1. A sharp-pointed instrument.— 2. In col- 
loquial use, a prickle. 3. A light-horseman ; [obs.] 

PRICK'ET, 71. A buck in his second year. Manwood. 



PRICK'ING, ppr. Piercing with a sharp point ; goading , 
affecting with pungent pain ; making or becoming acid. 

PRICK'ING, n. A sensation of sharp pain, or of being 
pricked. 

PRICKLE, 71. 1. In bqtany, a smar pointed shoot or sharp 
process, growing from the bark. 2. A sharp-pointed 
process of an animal. 

PRICKLE-BACK, n. A small fish, so named from the 
prickles on its back ; the stickle-back. 

PRICK'LI-NESS, n. The state of having many prickles. 

PRICK'LOUSE, n. A low word, in contempt, lor a tailor. 
UEstrange. 

PRICK'LY, a. Full of sharp points or prickles. Swift. 

PRICK'MAD-AM, n. A species of house-leek. 

PRICK'PUNCH, 71. A piece of tempered steel with a round 
point, to prick a round mark on cold iron. Moxon. 

PRICK 'SONG, 71. A song set to music, or a variegated song , 
in distinction from a plain song. Shak. 

PRICK' WOOD, 71. A tree of the genus euonymous. 

PRIDE, n. [Sax. pryt,pryde.] 1. Inordinate self-esteem ; an 
unreasonable conceit of one's own superiority in talents, 
beauty, wealth, accomplishments, rank or elevation in 
office, which manifests itself in lofty airs, distance, re- 
serve, and orten in contempt of others. 2. Insolence , 
rude treatment of others ; insolent exultation. 3. Gener- 
ous elation of heart ; a noble self-esteem springing from a 
consciousness of worth. 4. Elevation ; loftiness. S.Dec- 
oration ; ornament ; beauty displayed. 6. Splendid show ; 
ostentation. 7. That of which men are proud ; that which 
excites boasting. 8. Excitement of the sexual appetite in 
a female beast. 9. Proud persons. Pa. xxxvi. 

PRIDE, v.t. With the recip'-ocal pronoun, to pride one's 
self, to indulge pride ; to take pride ; to value one's self; 
to gratify self-esteem. 

PRiDE'FIJL, a. Full of pride; insolent; scornful. 

PRiDE'LESS, a. Destitute of pride; without pride. 

PRiD'ING, ppr. Indulging pride or self-esteem; taking 
pride ; valuing one's self. 

PRID'ING-LY, ad«. With pride; in pride of heart. Barroio. 

PRIE, supposed to be so written for privet. Tusser 

PRIE, for pry. Chaucer. 

t PRIEF, for TJroo/. Chaucer. 

PRi'ER, n. One who inquires narrowly ; one who searches 
and scrutinizes. 

PRIeST, n. [Sax. preost ; D., G. priester ; Dan. prcest ; Fr. 
prStre.] 1. A man who officiates in sacred offices. 2. A 
person who is set apart or consecrated to the ministry ol 
the gospel ; a man in orders or licensed to preach the gos 
pel ; a presbyter. — In &reat Britain, the word is under 
stood to denote the subordmate orders of the clergy, above 
a deacon and below a bishop. — In the United States, the 
wcrrd denotes any licensed minister of the gospel. 

PRIeST'CRaFT, n. The stratagems and frauds of priests ; 
fraud or imposit'on in religious concerns ; management 
of selfish and ambitious priests to gain wealth and power, 
or_to impose on the credulity of others, ^ope. 

PRIeST'ESS, n. A female among pagans^ who officiated in 
sacred things. .Addison. 

PRIeST'HOOD, n. 1. The office or character of a priest. 
2. The order of men set apart for sacred oifices ; the or- 
der composed of priests. 

PRIeST'LiKE, a. Resembling a priest, or that which be- 
longs to a priest. Shak. 

PRIeST'LI-NESS, 71. The appearance and manner of a 
priest. 

PRIeST'LY, a. 1. Pertaining to a priest or to priests; sacer- 
dotal. 2. Becoming a priest. 

PRIeST'RID-DEN, a. Managed or governed by priests. 

t PRIeST-RID'DEN-NESS, 71. The state of being priest- 
ridden. 

PRIE VE, for jpro7;e. Spenser. 

PRIG, n. [G.frech.] 1. A pert, conceited, saucy, pragmati- 
cal fellow. Swift. 2. A thief. 

t PRIG, V. i. To haggle about the price of a commodity 
Ramsay's Poems. 

PRIG, V. t. To filch or steal. 

PRIG'GISH, a. Conceited ; coxcom-ical ; ? fleeted, [.a col- 
loquial expression.] Brockett. 

PRILL, 71. A birt or turbot. Ainsioorth. 

PRIM, a. [V>nss.primo,or priamo. See Prime.] Properly, 
straight ; erect ; hence, formal ; precise ; afl^ectedly nice. 

PRIM, V. t. To deck with great nicety; to form with af- 
fected preciseness. 

PRi'MA-CY, n. [It. primazia ; Fr. primatie ; Sp. primacia.] 
1. The chief ecclesiastical station or dignity ; the office or 
djgnity of an archbishop. 2. Excellency ; supremacy. 

PRl'MAGE, 77. In commerce, a small duty payable to the 
master and mariners of a ship. Encyc. 

tPRi'MAL, a. [See Prime.] Firsft S'koJc. 

PRi'MA-RI-LY, adv. In the first place ; originally ; in the 
first intention. 

PRI'MA-RI-NESr!, V. The state of being first in time, in act 
or intention. JVorris. 

PRi'MA-RY, a. [h. primarius.] 1. First in order of time 



• See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE — C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CIl as fHi ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



PRl 



640 



PRl 



original. 2. First in dignity or importance ; cliief ; prin- 
cipal. 3. Elemental ; intended to teach youth the first 
rudiments. 4. Radical ; original.— Primar?/ planets are 
those which revolve about the sun, in distinction from 
the secondary planets^ which revolve about the pri- 
mary 

PRI'MATE, n. [It. primato ; Ft. primal.] The chief eccle- 
siastic in the church j an archbishop. Swift. 

PRi'MATE-SHIP, n The office or dignity of an arch- 
bishop. 

PRI-Ma'TIAL, a. Pertaining to a primate. D'>Anville. 

PRI-MAT'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to a primate. Barrow. 

PRIME, a. [L. primus.] 1. First in order of time ; original. 
3. First in rank, degree or dignity. 3. First in excel- 
lence. 4. Early ; blooming. 5. First in value or import- 
ance. — Prime number, in arithmetic, a number which is 
divisible only by unity ; as 5, 7, 11. 

PRIME, 71. 1. The first opening of day ; the dawn ; the 
morning. 2. The beginning 5 the early days. Hooker. 
3. The spring of the year. 4. The spring of life ; youth ; 
hence, full healtn, strength or beauty. 5. The best part. 
6. Tjie utmost perfection. — 7. In the Romish church, the 
first canonical hour, succeeding to lauds. — 8. In fencing. 
the first of the chief guards. — 9. In c/temisir?/, primes are 
numbers employed, in conformity with the doctrine of 
definite proportions, to express the ratios in which bodies 
enter into combination. — Prime vertical, the vertical circle 
which passes through the poles of the meridian, or the 
east and west points of the horizon. 

PRIME, V. t. 1. To put powder in the pan of a musket or 
other fire-arm ; or to lay a train of powder for communi- 
cating fire to a charge. 2. To lay on the first color in 
painting. 

PRIME, V. i. To serve for the charge of a gun. Beaumont. 

PRiMED, pp. Having powder in the pan ; having the first 
color in painting. 

PRiME'LY, adv. 1. At first; originally 5 primarily. South. 
2. Most excellentlv. 

PRIME'NESS, 71. 1. The state of being first. 2. Supreme 
excellence ; [I. u.] 

+ PRIMER, a. First ; original. Drarjton. 

^RIM'ER, 71. 1. A small prayer book. 2. A small elemen- 
tary book for teaching children to read. 

PRl'MER-FlNE, n. In England, a fine due to the king on 
tile writ or commencement of a suit by fine. 

PRI-Me'RO,_7i. [Sp.] A game at cards. 

PRi'MER-SeI'ZIN, 71. In feudal law, the right of the king, 
when a tenant in capite died seized of a knight ^s fee, to 
receive of the heir, if of full age, one year's profits of the 
land if in possession, and haif a year's profits if the land 
was in reversion expectant on an estate for life. 

PRi-Mk'VAL, a. [L. primcBvus.] Original ; primitive. 

PRI-Me'VOUS, a. Primeval. 

PRi-MI-GE'NI-AL, a. [L. primigenius.] First born ; orig- 
inal ; primary. Bp. Hall. 

PRi-Ml6'E-N0US, a. First formed or generated 5 original. 
Kirxcan. 

PRiM'ING, p;>r. 1. Putting powder in the pan of a fire-arm. 
9^ Laying on the first color. 

PRIMMING, 77. 1. The powder in the pan of a gun, or laid 
along the channel of a cannon for conveying fire to the 
charge. — 2. Among painters, the first color laid on can- 
vas or on a building, &c. 

PRlM'ING-WiRE, n. A pointed wire, used to penetrate 
the vent of a piece, for examining the powder of the charge 
or for piercing the cartridge. 

PRi-MIP'I-LAR, a. {li.primipilus.] Pertaining to the cap- 
tain of the Vanguard. BarroiD. 

PRl-Mi"TtAL, a. Being of the first production. 

PRIM'I-TlVE, a. [It. primitivo ; Fr. primitif ; !•. primiti- 
vus.] 1. Pertaining to the beginning or origin ; original ; 
first. 2. Formal ; affectedly solemn ; imitating the sup- 
posed gravity of old times. 3. Original ; primary ; radi- 
cal ; not derived. — Primitive rocks, in geology, rocks sup- 
posed to be first formed, being iiTegularly crystalized, and 
aggregated without a cement, and containing no organic 
remains ,■ as, granite, gneiss, &c. 

PRlM'I-TlVE, n. An original word; a woi-d not derived 
from another. 

PRIM'I-TiVE-LY, adv. 1. Originally ; at first. 2. Prima- 
rily ; not derivatively. 3. According to the original rule 
or ancient, practice. 

PRIM'I-TiVE-NESS, 77. State 01 oeing original ; antiquity; 
conformitv to antiquity. Johnson. 

t PRIM'I-TY, 71. The state of being original. Pearson. 

PRiM'NESS, 71. [from prim.] Affected formality or nice- 
ness , stiffness ; preciseness, 

PRi-MO «^E'NI-AL, a. [L. primigenius.] First born, made 
or generated ; original ; primary ; constituent ; elemental. 
Boyle. 

PRI-MO-GEN'I-TOR, 71. [L. primus and genitor.] The first 
fatner or forefather. Gaxjton. 

PRl-M0-6EN'I-TMlE, n. [L. primus and genitiLs.] 1. The 
state of being born first of the same parents ; seniority by 



birth among children.— 9. In law, the right which belonga 
to the eldest son or daughter. 
PRi-M0-6EN'I-TURE-SHIP, 71. The right of eldership. 

* PRI-MOR'DI-AL, a. [Fr. ; L. primordialis .] Fust in 
order ; original ; existing from the beginning. 

* PRI-MOR'DI-AL, 71. Origin ; first principle or element 
PRi-MOR'DI-AN, 71. A kind of plum. 

PRI-MOR'DI-ATE, a. [See Primordial.] Oriainal ; ex- 
isting from the first. Boyle. 

PRIMP, V. i. To be formal or affected. 

PRIM'ROSE, n. [L. primula veris.] A plant of the genus 
primula, of several varieties. 

t PRi'MY, a. Blooming. Shak. 

PRINCE, (prins) 71. [Fr. ; It., Sp. principe ; L. princeps ; 
D.prins.] 1. In a general seyise, a sovereign ; the chief 
and independent ruler of a nation or state. 2. A sove- 
reign in a certain territory ; one who has the government 
of a particular state or territory, but holds of a superior to 
whom he owes certain services. 3. The son of a king or 
emperor, or the issue of a royal family. 4. The chief of 
any body of men. 5. A chief or ruler of either sex. 

PRINCE, V. i. To play the prince ; to take state. 

FRINCE'DOM, (prins'dum) n. The jurisdiction, sovereign- 
ty, rank or estate of a prince. 

PRlNCE'LiKE, (prius'like) a. Becoming a prince. Shak. 

PRiNCE'LI-NESS, 7!. The state or dignity of a prince. 

PRiNCE'LY, a. 1. Resembling a prince ; having the ap- 
pearance of one high-born ; stately ; dignified. 2. Having 
the rank of princes. 3. Becoming a prince ; royed ; grand ; 
august. 4. Very large. 5. Magnificent ; rich. 

PRiNCE'LY, adv. In a princelike manner. Johnson. 

PRINCES '-FEATH-ER, 71. A plant. 

PRIN'CES'-MET-AL, 71. A mixture of copper and zink in 
imitation of gold. 

PRIN'CESS, 77. 1. A female sovereign, as an empress or 
queen. 2. A sovereign lady of rank next to that of a 
queen. 3. The daughter of a king. Shak. 4. The con- 
sort of a prince. 

PRIN'CI-PAL, a. [Fr. ; L. principalis] 1. Chief; highest 
in rank, character or respectability. 2. Chief; most im- 
portant or considerable. — 3, Inlaw, ^principal challenge 
is where the cause assigned carries with it prima facie 
evidence of partiality, favor or malice. — 4. In music, fun- 
damental. 

PRIN'CI-PAL, 77. 1. A chief or head ; one who takes the 
lead. 2. The president, governor, or chief in authority. 
We apply the word to the chief instructor of an academy 
or seminary of learning. — 3. In laic, the actor or absolute 
perpetrator of a crime, or an abettor. — 4. In commerce, a 
capital sum lent on interest, due as a debt or used as a 
fund. 5. One primarily engaged ; a chief party. 

PRIN-CI-PAL'I-TY, 71. [ Fr. principalite.] 1. Sovereignty ; 
supreme power. Spenser. 2. A prince ; one invested 
with sovereignty. Tit. hi. 3. The territory of a prince ; 
or the country which gives title to a prince. 4. Superior- 
ity ; predominance ; [1. 21.]— 5. In Scripture, royal state 
or attire. Jer. xiii. 

PRIN'CI-PAL-LY, adv. Chiefly ; above all. Drvden. 

PRIN'CI-PAL-NESS, ti. The state of bemg principal 01 
chief. 

PRIN'CI-PATE, 77. Principality; supreme rule. Barrow. 

PRIN-CIP'I-A, 77. plu. [L. principium.] First principles. 

t PRIN-CIP-I-A'TION, 77. [L. principium.] Analysis into 
constituent or elemental parts. Bacon. 

PRIN'CI-PLE, 77. [It. principio ; Fr. principe j L. princip- 
ium.] 1. In a o-gTieraZ se7i5e, the cause, source or origin 
of any thing ; that from which a thing proceeds. 2. Ele- 
ment ; constituent part ; primordial substance. 3. Being 
that produces any thing ; operative cause. — 4. In science, 
a truth admitted either without proof, or considered as 
having been before proved. 5. Ground ; foundation; that 
which supports an assertion, an action, or a series of ac- 
tions or of reasoning. 6. A general truth ; a law compre- 
hending many subordinate truths. 7. Tenet ; that which 
is believed. — 8. A principle of human nature is a law of 
action in human beings ; a constitutional propensity com- 
mon to the human species. 

PRIN'CI-PLE, V. t. 1. To establish or fix in tenets ; to im- 
press with any tenet, good or ill ; chiefly used in t fce pai-ti- 
ciple. 2. To establish firmly in the mind. 

PRIN'CI-PLED, pp. Established in opinion or in tenets ; 
firmly fixed in the mind. 

PRIN'COCK, ) n. [qu. prink.] A coxcomb ; a conceited 

PRIN'COX, \ person ; a pert young rogue ; 1 ludicrous 
-word. [Little used.] 

PRINK, V. i. [D. pronken.] 1. To prank ; to dress for 
show. 2. To strut ; to put on stately airs. 

PRINK, v.t. To dress or adjust to ostentation. 

PRINT, V. t. [W. printiaw ; Fr. imprimer, empreinte ; Sp. 
imprimir : It. imprimer e.] 1. In general, to take or form 
letters, characters or figures on paper, cloth or other mate- 
rial by impression. 2. To mark by pressing one thing on 
another. 3. To impress any thing so as to leave its form 
4. To form by impression. 



* See Synofsi& A, E I, O V, Y, long.— FAU, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD 



t Obsolete 



PRI 



641 



PRI 



t»KINT, V. i. 1. To use or practice the art of typography, 
or of taking impressions of letters, figures and the like. 
2. To publish a book ; [elliptical.'] 

PRINT, 71. 1. A mark made by impression 5 any line, char- 
acter, figure or indentation of any form, made by the 
pressure of one body or thing on another. 2. The im- 
pressions of types in general, as to form, size, &c. 3. 
That which impresses its form on any thing. 4. The 
representation or figure of any thing made by impression. 
5. Tlie state of being printed and published. 6. A single 
sheet prmted for sale ; a newspaper. 7. Formal method ; 
lobs.] — Out of print, a phrase which signifies that, of a 
printed and published work, there are no copies for sale. 

PRINT'ED, pp. Impressed ; indented. 

PRINT'ER, n. 1. One that prints books, pamphlets or 
papers. 2. One that stains or prints cloth with figures, 
as calico. 3. One that impresses letters or figures with 
copper-plates. 

PRINT'ING, ppr, Impressmg letters, characters or figures 
on any thing ; making marks or indentations. 

PRINT'ING, n. The art or practice of impressing letters, 
characters or figures on paper, cloth or other material ; the 
business of a printer 3 typography. 

PRINT'iNG-INK, n. Ink used by printers of books. 

PRINT'ING-Pa-PER, n. Paper to be used in the printing 
of books, pamphlets, &c. ; as distinguished from -writing- 
paper, press-paper, wrapping-paper, c&c. 

PRINT'ING-PRESS, w. A press for the printing of hooks, 
&;c. 

PRINT'LF.SS, a. That leaves no print or impression. 

PRi'OR, a. [L.] Preceding in the order of time ; former; 
antecedent 5 anterior. 

PRi'OR, n. [F'r prieur ; It. prior e ; Ij. prior.] 1. The su- 
perior of a convent of monks, or one next in dignity to an 
abbot. 2. In some churches, one who presides over others 
in the same churches. 

PRi'OR-ATE, n. Government by a prior, Warton. 

PRi'OR-ESS, 71. A female superior of a convent of nuns. 

PRI^OR'I-TY, n. I. The state of being antecedent in time, 
or of preceding something else. 2. Precedence in place 
or rank. 

t PRI'OR-LY, adv. Antecedently. Oeddes. 

PRI'OR-SHIP, n. The state or office of prior. 

PRi'OR-Y, n. 1. A convent of which a prior is the superior ; 
in dignity below an abbey. 2. Priories are the churches 
gjven to priors in titulum, or by way of title. 

PRi'SAGE, n. [Fr. prise.] A right, belonging to the crown 
of England, of taking two tons of wine from every ship 
importing twenty tuns or more. 

PRIS-CILL'IAN-IST, n. In church history, one of a sect so 
denominated from Priscillian, a Spaniard. 

PRISM, n. [Ft. prisme ; Low L., Sp., It. p?-ij5ma.] A solid 
whose bases or ends are any similar, equal and parallel 
plane figures, and whose sides are parallelograms. D. 
Olmsted. 

PRIS-MAT'I€, I a. Resembling a prism 2. Separated 

PRIS-MAT'I-GAL, [ or distributed by a prism ; formed by 
a prism. 3. Pertaining to a prism. 

PRIS-MAT'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the form or manner of a 
prism. Boyle. 

PRIS-MA-TOID'AL, a. [L. prisma, and Gr. eiSos.] Having 
a prismatic form. Ure. 

IRIS'MOID, n. [L. prisma, and Gr. eiSos.] A body that 
approaches to the form of a prism. Johnson. 

PRISM'Y, a. Pertaining to or fike a prism, .dm. Review. 

PRIS'ON, (priz'n) n. [Fr. ; Sp. prision ; Arm. pr is oun.] 1. 
A public building for the confinement or safe custody of 
debtors and criminals 3 a jail. 2. Any place of confinement 
or restraint. — 3. In Scripture, a low, obscure, afflicted con- 
dition. Eccles. iv. 4. The cave where David was con- 
fined. Ps. cxlii. 5. A state of spiritual bondage, /s. xlii. 

PRIS'ON, V. t. 1. To shut up in a prison 3 to confine; to 
restrain from liberty, 2. To confine in any manner. 3, 
To captivate ; to enchain. 

PRIS'ON-BASE, n. A kind of rural sport ; commonly 
called prison-bars. Sandys. 

PRISONED, pp. Imprisoned ; confined ; restrained. 

PRIS'ON-ER, n. 1. One who is confined in a prison by 
legal arrest or warrant. 2. A person under arrest or in 
custody of the sheriff", whether in prison or not. 3. A 
captive ; one taken by an enemy in war. 4. One whose 
liberty is restrained, as a bird in a cage. 

PRISON-HOUSE, 71. A house in which prisoners are con- 
fined ; a jail. Judges xvi. Shak 

PRIS'ON-ING, ppr. Confining ; imprisoning. 

PRIS'ON-MENT, n. Confinement in a prison ; imprison- 
ment. 

PRIS'TINE, a. [L. pristinus 1 First ; original ; primi- 
tive. 

PRITH'EE. A coiTuption of pray thee ; as, I prithee ; but it 
is generally used without the pronoun, prithee. 

PRit'TLE-PRAT'TLE, n. Enipty talk ; trifling loquacity ; 
a word used in contempt or ridicule. Bp. Bramhall. 



* PRl'VA-CY, n. 1. A state of being in retirement from 
the company or observation of others; secrecy. 2. A 
place of seclusion from company or observation ; retreat ; 
solitude ; retirement. 3. Privity ; [065.] 4. Taciturn it v ; 
[obs.] 5. Secrecy; concealment of what is said or done 

t PRI-Va'DO, n. [Sp.] A secret friend. Bacon. 

PRi'VATE, a. [L. privatus.] 1. Properly, separate ; un- 
connected with others ; nence, peculiar to one's self; be- 
longing to or concerning an individual only. 2. Peculiar 
to a number in a joint concern, to a company or body 
politic. 3. Sequestered from company or observation ; 
secret ; secluded. 4. Not publicly known ; not open. 5-' 
Not invested with public otfice or employment 6. Indi- 
vidual ; personal; in contradistinction from public — In 
private, secretly ; not openly or publicly. Scripture. 

PRi'VATE, 71. 1. A secret message ; particular business ; 
[unusiial.] Shak. 2. A common soldier. 

PRi-VA-TEER', n. A ship or vessel of war owned and 
equipped by a private man or by individuals, at their own 
expense, to seize or plunder the ships of an enemy in 
war. 

PRi-VA-TEER', V. i. To cruise in a commissioned private 
ship against an enemy, for seizing their ships or annoying 
their commerce. 

PRt'VATE-LY, adv. 1. In a secret manner ; not publicly. 
2. In a manner affecting an individual or company. 

PRI'VATE-NESS, n. 1. Secrecy; privacy. 2. Retire- 
ment ; seclusion from company or society. 3. The state 
of an individual not invested with office. 

PRI-Va'TION, 72. [Fr. ; L,. privatio.] 1, The state of being 
deprived ; particularly, deprivation or absence of what is 
necessary for comfort. 2. The act of removing something 
possessed ; the removal or destruction of any tiling or 
quality. 3. Absence, in general. 4. The act of the mind 
in separating a thing from something appendant. 5. The 
act of degrading from rank or office. 

* PRIV'A-TiVE, a. 1. Causing privation. 2. Consisting 
in the absence of something ; not positive. 

*'PRIV'A-TiVE, n. 1. That of which the essence is the 
absence of something. — 2. In grammar, a prefix to a word 
which changes its signification and gives it a contrary 
sense, as a in Greek, and un and in in English. 

* PRIV'A-TlVE-LY, adv. 1. By the absence of something. 
2. Negatively. 

* PRIV'A-TlVE-NESS, n. Notation of the absence of 
something. [Little used.] 

PRIVET, n. A plant of the genus ligustrum. 

PRIV'I-LEGE, 71. [Fr. ; L. privilegium.] 1. A particular 
and peculiar benefit or advantage enjoyed by a person, 
company or society, beyond the common advantages of 
other citizens. 2. Any peculiar benefit or advantage, 
right or immunity, not common to others of the human 
race. 3. Advantage ; favor ; benefit. Hamilton. — Writ 
of privilege is a writ to deliver a privileged person frorc- 
custody when arrested in a civil suit. 

FRIVI-LEGE, v. t. 1. To grant some particular right or 
exemption to ; to invest with a peculiar right or immu- 
nity. 2. To exempt from censure or danger. 

PRIV'I-LEGED, pp. Invested with a privilege ; enjoying a 
peculiar right or immunity. 

PRIVI-LEG-ING, ppr. Investing with a peculiar right or 
immunity. 

PRIV'I-LY, adv. [from pnvy.] Privately ; secretly. 

PRIV'I-TY, 71. [Fr. privaxite.] 1. Privacy ; secrecy ; con- 
fidence ; [I. u.] 2. Private knowledge ; joint knowledge 
with another of a private concern, which is often sup- 
posed to imply consent or concurrence. — 3. Privities, in 
tbe plural, secret parts ; the parts which modesty requires 
to be concealed. 

PRIVY, a. [Fr. prive ; la. privus.] 1. Private ; pertaining 
to some person exclusively ; assigned to private uses ; not 
public. 2. Secret ; clandestine ; not open or public ; as, 
a privy attempt to kill one. 3. Private ; appropriated to 
retirement ; not shown ; not open for the admission of 
company. 4. Privately knowing ; admitted to the par- 
ticipation of knowledge with another of a secret transac- 
tion. 5. Admitted to secrets of state. 

PRIVY, 71. 1. In laic, a partaker; a person having an in- 
terest in any action or thing. 2. A necessary house, 

PRIVY-CHaM'BER, 71, In Great Britain, the private 
apartment in a royal residence or mansion, 

PRIVY-€0UN'SEL-0R, n. A member of the privy coun- 
cil. 

PRIVY-SeAL, \ n. 1. In England, the seal which the 

PRIVY-SIG'NET, i king uses previously in grants, &c., 
which are to pass the great seal, or which he uses in mat- 
ters of subordinate consequence, which do not require the 
great seal. — 2. Privy-seal is used elliptically for the pdn- 
• cipal secretary of state, or person intrusted with the 
privy-seal. 

PRIZE, n. [Fr. prise ; Sp., Port, presa ,• G. preis ; D. prys , 
Ban. priis; Sw. prisjj 1. That which is taken from an 
enemy in war. 2. That which is taken from another ; 
that which is deemed a valuable acquisition. 3. That 



* See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BjJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; OH as SB ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 
41 



PRO 



642 



PRO 



vrhicli is obtained or offered as the reward of contest. 4. 
The reward gained by any performance.— 5. In colloquial 
language, any valuable thing gained. 6. The money 
drawn by a lottery ticket ; opposed to blank. 

PRIZE, V. t. \Fx.priscr.'\ 1. To set or estimate the value 
of J to rate. 2. To value highly ; to estimate to be of 
great worth ; to esteem. 

PRIZE, V. t. To raise with a lever See Pry. 

PRIZED, pp. Rated ; valued ; esteemed. 

PRiZE'-FlGHT-ER, n. One that fights publicly for a re- 
ward. 

PRiZ'ER, n. One that estimates or sets the value of a thing. 

PRiZ'ING, ppr. Rating 5 valuing; esteeming. 

PRiZ'ING, n. In sea-language, the application of a lever to 
move any weighty body, as a cask, an anchor, a cannon, 
&c. Falconer's Marine Dictionary. 

PRO, a Latin and &reek preposition, signifying for, before, 
forth. In composition, it denotes fore, forth, forward. In 
the phrase pro and con, that is, pro and contra, it answers 
tq_the English /or ; for and against. Prior. 

PRO'A, n. Flying proa, a vessel used in the south seas, 
with the head and stern exactly alike. Encyc. 

PROB-A-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. probabilite ; L. probabilitas.] 

1. Likelihood ; appearance of truth ; that state of a case 
or question of fact which results from superior evidence 
or preponderation of argument on one side, inclining the 
mind to receive it as the truth, but leaving some room for 
doubt. It therefore falls short of moral certainty, but pro- 
duces what is called opinion. 2. Any thing that has the 
appearance of reality or truth. In this sense, the word 
admits of the plural number. 

PROB'A-BLE, a. [Fr. ; 1.. probabilis.] 1. Likely; having 
more evidence than the contrary. 2. That renders some- 
thing probable. 3. That may be proved ; [obs.] 

PROB'A-BLY, adv. Likely ; in likelihood ; with the ap- 
pearance of truth or reality. U Estrange. 

PRO'BANG, n. In surgery, an instrument of whalebone 
and spunge, for removing obstructions in the throat or 
esophagus. 

PRO'BATE, n. [L. probatus.'l I. The probate of a will or 
testament is the proving of its genuineness and validity. 

2. The right or jurisdiction of proving wills. 3. Proof; 
[ofo.] 

PRO-Ba'TION, n. [L. probatio.] I. The act of proving ; 
proof. Locke. 2. Trial ; examination ; any proceeding 
designed to ascertain truth. — 3. In a monastic sense, trial, 
or the year of novitiate, which a person must pass in a 
convent, to prove his virtue and his ability to bear the 
severities of the rule. 4. Moral trial ; the state of man in 
the present life, in which he has the opportunity of prov- 
ing his character and being qualified for a happier state. — 

5. In America, the trial of a clergyman's qualifications as 
a minister of the gospel, preparatory to his settlement.— 

6. In general, trial for proof, or satisfactory evidence, or 
the time of trial. 

PRO-Ba'TION-AL, a. Serving for trial. Bp. Richardson. 

PRO-Ba'TION-A-RY, a. Serving for trial . Dwight. 

PRO-Ba'TION-ER, 71. 1. One who is on trial, or in a state 
to give proof of certain qualifications for a place or state. 
2. A novice. — 3. In Scotland, a student in divinity, who 
seeks for license to preach. 

PRO-Ba'TION-ER-SHIP, n. The state of being a proba- 
tioner ; novitiate. {Little used.'] Locke. 

PRO-Ba'TION-SHIP, n. A state of probation ; novitiate ; 
probation. {Little used.] 

PRo'BA-TiVE, a. Serving for trial or proof. South. 

PRO-Ba'TOR, n. [L.] I. An examiner; an approver. 
Maydman. — 2. In law, an accuser. Cowel. 

* PRO'BA-TO-RY, a. 1. Serving for trial. Bramhall. 2. 
Serving for proof. Bp. Taylor. 3. Relating to proof. 

PRO-Ba'TUM EST, [L.; it is proved.] An expression sub- 
joined to a receipt for the cure of a disease, denoting that 
it has been tried or proved. 

PROBE, n. [L. probo ; Fr. eprouvette.] A surgeon's instru- 
ment for examining a wound, ulcer or cavity. 

PROBE, v.t. 1. To examine a wound, ulcer or some cav- 
ity of the body, by the use of an instrument thrust into 
the part. 2. To search to the bottom ; to scrutinize ; to 
examine thoroughly into causes and circumstances. 

PRoBE'-SCISS-ORS, n. Scissors used to open wounds, 
the blade of which, to be thrust into the orifice, has a 
button at the end. 

PROB'I-TY, n. [L. probitas ; It. probitd ; Fr. proUte.] Fn- 
marily, tried virtue or integrity, or approved actions ; but, 
in general, strict honesty ; sincerity ; veracity ; integrity 
in principle, or strict conformity of actions to the laws of 
Justice. 

PROB'LEM, n. [Fr. probleme ; L.. It., Sp. problema.] 1. A 
question proposed. — 2. In logic, a proposition that appears 
neither absolutely true nor false, and consequently may 
be asserted either in the affirmative or negative. — 3. In 
geometry, a proposition in which some operation or con- 
struction is required. — 4. In general, any question involv- 
ing doubt or unceitainty; 



PROB-LEM-ATT-€AL, a. Questionable ; uncertain ; un- 
settled ; disputable ; doubtful. Swift. 

PROB-LEM-AT'I-€AL-LY, adv. Doubtfully; dubiously, 
uncertainly. 

t PROB'LEM-A-TIST, n. One who proposes problems 
Evelyn. 

t PROB'LEM-A-TiZE, v. t. To propose problems. 

PRO-BOS'CIS, n. [L.] The snout or trunk ot an elephant 
and of other animals, particularly of insects. 

PRO-Ca'CIOUS, a. {'L.procax.] Pert; petulant; saucy. 
[Little used.] Barroio. 

PRO-€AC'I-TY, m. {Ij,. procacitas.] Impudence ; petulance 
{Little used.] Burton. 

PRO-€A-TAR€'TI€, a. [Gr. ::^oKaTagKriKog.] In medicine, 
pre-existing or predisposing ; remote. 

PRO-€A-TaRX'IS, n. [Gr.] The predisposing cause of a 
disease. Quincy. 

PRO-CeD'URE, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of proceeding or 
moving forward ; progress ; process ; operation ; series of 
actions. 2. Manner of proceeding ; management ; con- 
duct. 3. That which proceeds from something ; pro- 
duce ; {obs.] 

PRO-CEED', ; V. i. [Fr., Sp., Port, proceder ; It. procedere ; 

PRO-CeDE', \ L. jirocedo.] I. To move, pass or go for- 
ward from one place to another. 2. To pass from one 
point, stage or topic to another, 3. To issue or come as 
from a source or fountain. 4. To come from a person or 
place. 5. To prosecute any design. 6. To be transacted 
or carried on; {obs.] 7. To make progress ; to advance. 

8. To begin and carry on a series of actions or measures. 

9. To transact ; to act ; to carry on methodically. 10. I'o 
have a coui-se. II. To issue ; to be produced or propa- 
gated. 12. To be produced by an effectual cause. 

PRO-CEED'ER, n. One who goes forward, or who makes 
a progress. Bacon. 

PRO-CEED'ING, ppr. Moving forward ; passing on ; issu- 
ing ; transacting; carrying on. 

PRO-CEED'ING, n. 1. Process or movement from one 
thing to another ; a measure or step taken in busmess ; 
transaction ; in the plural, a course of measures or con- 
duct ; course of dealing with others. — 2. In law, the 
course of steps or measures in the prosecution of an action 
is denominated proceedings. 

* PRO-CEEDS', n. plu. 1. Issue ; rent ; produce.— 2. In 
commerce, the sum, amount or value of goods sold or con- 
verted into money. 

PROC-E-LEUS-MAT'I€, a. [Gr. Trf)oK£>£Dtr//aT£ffoj.] Inci 
ting; animating; encouraging. Johnson. 

t PRO-CEL'LOUS, a. [L. procellosus.] Tempestuous. Diet. 

t PRO-CEP'TION, 71. Preoccupation. K. Charles. 

t PRO-CeRE', a. [L. procerus.] Tall. Evelyn. 

PRO-CER'I-TY, 71. [L. proceritas.] Tallness ; height of 
stature. [Little used.] Addison. 

PROCESS, 71. [Fr. proces ; L. processus.] 1. A proceeding 
or moving forward ; progressive course ; tendency. 2. 
Proceedings ; gradual progress ; course. 3. Operations ; 
experiment ; series of actions or experiments. 4. Series 
of motions or changes in growth, decay, &;c. in physical 
bodies. 5. Course ; continual flux or passage. 6. Me- 
thodical management ; series of measures or proceedings. 
— 7. In law, the whole course of proceedings, in a cause, 
real or personal, civil or criminal, from the original writ 
to the end of the suit. — 8. In anatomy, any protuberance, 
eminence or projecting part of a bone. 

PRO-CES'SION, 71. [Fr. ; 1.. processio.] 1. The act of pro- 
ceeding or issuing. Pearson. 2. A train of persons walk- 
ing, or riding on horseback or in vehicles, in a formal 
inarch, or moving with ceremonious solemnity. 

t PRO-CES'SION, V. i. To go in procession. 

PRO-CES'SION-AL, a. Pertaining to a procession ; con- 
sisting in a procession. Saurin, Trans. 

PRO-CES'SION-AL, n. A book relating to processions of 
the Romish church. Gregory, 

PRO-CES'SION-A-RY, a. Consisting in procession. 

PRO'CHEIN, (pro'shen) a. [Fr. prochain; L. proximus.'] 
Next ; nearest ; used in the law phrase prochein amy, the 
next friend, any person who undertakes to assist an in- 
fant or minor in prosecuting his rights. 

PRo'€HRO-NISM, n. [Gr. npoxpoveu).] An antedating, 
the dating of an event before the time it happened ; 
hence, an error in chronology. 

PRO'CI-DENCE, n. [L. procidentia.] A falling down ; a 
prolapsus ; as of the intestinum rectum. Coxe. 

PRO-CID'U-OUS, a. That falls from its place. Jones. 

PRO-CIN€T', 71. [L. procinctus.] Complete preparation for 
action. [Little used.] Milton. 

PRO-€LaIM', v. t. {h.proclamo.] 1. To promulgate ; to an- 
nounce ; to publish. 2. To denounce ; to give oflicial no- 
tice of. 3. To declare with honor. 4. To utter openly j 
to make public. 5. To outlaw by public denuncia- 
tion 

PRO-€LaIM'ED, (pro-klamd') pp. Published officially ; pro- 
mulgated ; made publicly known. 



* Se« Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tj. •?, Zoref .— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



PRO 



643 



FRO 



PRO~€LaIM'ER, 71. One who publishes by authority ; one 

that announces or makes publicly known. Milton. 
PRO-€LaIM'ING, jo;)r. Publishing officially; denouncing 5 

promulgating ; making publicly known. 
PROe-LA-MA'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. proclamatio.] 1. Publica- 
tion by authority ; official notice given to the public. — 2 In 
England, a declaration of the king's will, openly publish- 
ed. 3. The declaration of any supreme magistrate pub- 
licly made known. 4. The paper containing an official 
notice to a people. J^Tew England. 
t PRO-eLlVE', a. Proclivous. 

PRO-€LIV'I-TY, 71. ['L.proclivitas.'] 1. Inclination; pro- 
pensity ; proneness ; tendency. 2. Readiness ; facility 
of learning. 
PRO-€Ll'VOUS, a. [L. proclivus, proclivis.] Inclined ; 

tending by nature. Diet. 
PRO-eON'SUL, 71. [L. pro and consul.] A Roman magis- 
trate sent to govern a province with consular authority. 
PRO-€ON'SU-LAR, a. 1. Pertaining to a procoiisul. 2. Un- 
der the government of a prciconsul. 
PRO-€ON'SUL-SHIP, n. The office of a proconsul, or the 

term of his office. 
PRO-€RAS'TI-NATE, v. t. [L. procrastinor.] To put off 

from day to day ; to delay ; to defer to a future time. 
PRO-€RAS'TI-NATE, ?;. i. To delay ; to be dilatory. 
PRO-CRAS'TI-NA-TED, pp. Delayed ; deferred. 
PRO-€RAS'TI-NA-TING, ppr. Delaying ; putting off to a 

future time. 
PRO-€RAS-TI-Na'TION, 71. [L. procrastinatio.] A putting 

off to a future time ; delay ; dilatoriness. 
PR0-€RAS'TI-NA-T0R, n. One that defers the performance 

of any thing to a future time. 
PRo'CRE-ANT, a. [L. procreans.] Generating ; producing ; 

productive ; fruitful. Shak. 
t PRo'CRE-ANT, n. That which generates. Milton. 
PRO'€RE-ATE, v. t. [L. procreo.} 1. To beget; to gen- 
erate and produce ; to engender. 2. To produce. 
PRo'€RE-A-TED, ^^. Begotten ; generated. 
PRO'€RE-A-TING, ppr. Begetting ; generating ; as young. 
PRO-€RE-A'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. procreatio.'] The act of be- 
getting ; generation and production of young. 
PRo'€RE-A-TiVE, a. Generative ; having the power to 

beget. Hale. 
PRo'CRE-A-TiVE-NESS, n. The power of generating. 
PRo'€RE-A-TOR, n. One that begets ; a generator ; a fa- 
ther or sire. 
PRO€'TOR,' n. [contracted from L. procurator.'] 1. One 
who is employed to manage the affairs of another. 2. A 
person employed to manage another's cause in a court. 
3. The magistrate of a university. Walter. 
PROe'TOR, V. i. To manage ; a cant word. Shak. 
PRO€'TOR-AGE, n. Management ; in contempt. Milton. 
PROG-TOR'I-€AL, a. Belonging to the academical proctor; 

magisterial. Prideanx. 
PROe'TOR-SHIP, n. The office or dignity of the proctor of 

a university. Clarendon. 
PRO-€UM'BENT, a. [L. procumlens.] 1. Lying down or 
on the face; prone. — '3,. In botany, trailing; prostrate; 
unable to support itself. 
PRO-€uR'A-BLE, a. That may be procured ; obtainable. 
''tPE.O'eU-RA-CY, 71. The management of any thing. 
PRO€-U-RA'TtON, 71. [L. procuratio.] L The act of pro- 
curing. 2. The management of another's affairs. 3. The 
instrument by which a person is empowered to transact 
the affairs of another. 4. A sum of money paid to the 
bishop or archdeacon by incumbents, on account of visita- 
tions. Todd. 
PROe'U-RA-TOR, n. The manager of another's affairs. 

8hak. 
PROe-U-RA-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to a procurator or 

proctor ; made by a proctor. Aijliffe. 
PROC-U-Ra'TOR-SHIP, n. The office of a procurator. 
PRO-eu'RA-TO-RY, a. Tending to procuration. 
PRO-€uRE', V. t. '^Yr. procurer ; It. procurare ; L. procuro.] 
1. To get ; to gain ; to obtain ; as by request, loan, effort, 
labor or purchase. 2. To persuade ; to prevail on ; [unu- 
sual.] 3. To cause ; to bring about ; to effect ; to contrive 
and effect. 4. To cause to come on ; to bring on. 5. To 
draw to ; to attract ; to gain. 
PRO-€tfRE', V. i. To pimp. Dryden. 
PRO-€uR'ED, (pro-kurd') pp. Obtained ; caused to be done ; 

effected ; brought on. 
PRO-€uRE'MENT, n. 1. The act of procuring or obtain- 
ing; obtainment. 2. A causing to be effected. Dryden. 
PRO-etJR'ER, 71. 1. One that procures or obtains ; that 
which brings on or causes to be done. 2. A pimp ; a 
ander. South. 
PltO-€uR'ESS, n. A bawd. Spectator. 
PRO-€uR'ING, ppr. 1. Getting; gaining; obtaining. 2. 
Causing to come or to be done. 3. a. That causes to 
come ; bringing on. 
PROD, n. A goad ; an awl ; an iron pin fixed in pattens. 

Grose. 
PROD'I-GAL, a. [Fr. prodigue ; Sp., It. prodigo ; li.prodi- 



gus.] I. Given to extravagant expenditures ; expending 
money or other things without necessity ; profuse ; lavish ; 
wasteful ; not frugal or economical. 2. Profuse ; lavish ; 
expended to excess or without necessity. 3. Very liberal; 
profuse. 
PROD'I-GAL, n. One that expends money extravagantly 01 
without necessity ; one that is profuse or lavish ; a waster ; 
a spendthrift. Dryden. 
PROD-1-GAL'I-TY, n. [Fr. prodigalite ; It. prodigalitd.] 
I. Extravagance in the"'expenditure of what one possess- 
es, particularly of money ; profusion ; waste ; excessive 
liberality. 2._Profuse liberality. 
fPROD'I GAL-iZE, v.i. To be extravagant in expend! 

tures. Sherwood. 
PROD'I-GAL-LY, adv. 1. With profusion of expenses ; ex 
travagantly ; lavishly ; wastefuUy. 2. With liberal abun 
dance ; profusely. 
t PR0D'I-6ENCE, n. Waste ; profusion ; prodigality. Hall 
PRO-Dl6'IOUS, (pro-did'jus) a. [^^.,\X.prodigioso; Yx.pro- 
digieux ; L. prodigiosus.] 1 Very great ; huge ; enormous 
in size, quantity, extent, &c. 2. Wonderful ; astonishing , 
such as may seem a prodigy ; monstrous ; portentous. 
PRO-DIG'IOUS-LY, adv. I. Enormously ; wonderfully ; as 

tonishingly. Ray. 2. Very much ; extremely. 
PRO-Dl6'IOUS-NESS, n. Enormousness of size ; the stat 

of having qualities that excite wonder or astonishment. 
PROD'I-GY, 71. [Ju. prodigium.] 1. Any thing out of the 
ordinary process of nature, and so extraordinary as to ex- 
cite wonder or astonishment. 2. Something extraordina- 
ry, from which omens are drawn ; portent. 3. A monster ; 
an animal or other production out of the ordinary course 
of nature. 
PRO-Di"TION, n. [L. proditio.] Treachery ; treason, 
t PROD'I-TOR, 71. [L.] A traitor. Shak. 
t PROD-I-To'RI-OUS, a. 1. Treacherous ; perfidious; trai- 
torous. 2. Apt to make discoveries or disclosures. Wotton 
PROp'I-TO-RY, a. Treacherous ; perfidious. Milton. 
t PRo'DROME, 71. [Gr. Tr^ohpoyLOs.] A forerunner. 
t PROD^RO-MOUS, a. Preceding; forerunning. Allen. 
PRO-DuCE', V. t. [L. produce.] 1. To bring forward ; to 
bring or offer to view or notice. 2. To exhibit to the pub- 
lic. 3. To bring forth ; to bear ; as plants or the soil. 4. 
To bear ; to generate and bring forth ; as young. 5. To 
cause ; to effect ; to bring into existence. 6. To raise ; tc 
bring into being. 7. To make ; to bring into being 01 
form. 8. To yield or furnish. — 9. In general, to bring in 
to existence or into view. 10. To draw out in length ; tp 
extend. Geometry. 
PROD'UCE, 71. That which is produced, brought forth 01 " 

yielded ; product. 
PRO-Du'CED, (pro-dusf) pp. Brought into life, being 01 

view ; yielded, 
t PRO-DuCE'MENT, n. Production. Milt07i. 
PRO-DtF'CENT, n. One that exhibits or offers to view or 

notice. [Little used.] Aijliffe. 
PRO-Du'CER, 71. One that generates ; one that produces. 
t PRO-DU-CI-BIL'I-TY, n. The power of producing. 
PRO-DU'CI-BLE, a. [It. producibile, produttibile.] I. That 
may be brought into being; that may be generated or 
made. 2. That may be brought into view or notice ; that 
may be exhibited. 
PRO-Du'CI-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of being 

producible. Boijle. 
PRO-Du'CING, ppr. Generating ; bringing into existence or 

notice. 
PROD'U€T, n. [L. productus ,• Fr. produit.] 1. That which 
is produced by nature, as fruits, grain, metals. 2. That 
which is formed or produced by labor or by niental appli- 
cation. 3. Effect ; result ; something consequential. — 4. 
In arithmetic, the amount of two or more numbers multi- 
plied. — 5. In geometry, the factum of two or more lines. 
PRO-DU€'TiLE, a. That may be extended in length. 
PRO-DU€'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. produUio.] 1. The act or pro- 
cess of producing, bringing forth or exhibiting to view. 
2. That which is produced or made. 
PRO-DU€'TIVE, a. [It. produttivo ; Sp. productive.] 1. 
Having the power of producing. 2. Fertile ; producing 
good crops. 3. Producing ; bringing into being ; causing 
to exist ; efficient ; as, an age productive of great men ; a 
spirit productive of heroic achievements. 
PRO-DU€'TIVE-NESS, n. The quality of being productive. 
PRo'EM, 71. [Fr. proeme ; It., Sp. proemio.] Preface ; intro- 
duction ; preliminary observations to a book or writing. 
t PRo'EM, V. t. To preface. Sotith. 
PRO-E'MI-AL, a. Introductory ; prefatory ; preliminary. 
PRO-EMP-TG'SIS n. [Gr.] In chronology, the lunar equa- 
tion or additicr: of a day, necessary to prevent the new 
moon from happening a day too soon. Cyc. 
PRO'FACE, interj. [Old Fr. prouf ace.] An old exclamation 
of welcome, frequent in the writers of Shakspeare's time. 
PROF-A-Na'TION, n. [Fr. ; It. profanazione : Sp. profana- 
cion.] 1. The act of violating sacred things, or of treating 
them with contempt or irreverence. 2. The act of treat- 
ing with abuse or disrespect. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, .BOOK, D6VE ,— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



PRO 



644 



PRO 



PRO-FANE', a. [L.iirofanus ; It., Sp.profano ; FLju'ofane.] 
1. Irreverent to any thing sacred ; applied to persons. 2. 
Irreverent ; proceeding from a contempt of sacred things, 
or implying it. 3. Not sacred ; secular ; relating to secu- 
lar things j as, profane history. 4. Polluted ; not pure 
5. Not purified or holy ; allowed for common use. 6. 
Obscene ; heathenish ; tending to bring reproach on reli- 
gion. — Profane is used chiefly in Scripture in opposition 
to holy, or qualified ceremonially for sacred services. 

PRO-FaNE', v. t. 1. To violate any thing sacred, or treat it 
with abuse, irreverence, obloquy or contempt. 2. To pol- 
lute ; to defile ; to apply to temporal uses ; to use as base 
or common. Ezek. xxiv. 3. To violate. Mai. ii. 4. To 
pollute ; to debase. Lev. xxi. 5. To put to a wrong use. 
Shak. 

PRO-FaN'ED, (pro-fund') pp. Violated ; treated with irrev- 
erence or abuse ; applied to common uses ; polluted. 

PRO-FaNE'LY, adv. 1. With in-everence to sacred things 
or names. Dwight. 2. With abuse or contempt for any 
thing venerable. 

PRO-FaNE'NESS, n. Irreverence of sacred things 5 partic- 
ularly, the use of language which implies irreverence to- 
wards God ; the taking of God's name in vain. Dryden. 

PRO-FaN ER, n. 1. One who, by words or actions, treats 
sacred thiiigs with irreverence ; one who uses profane 
language. 2. A polluter ; a defiler. 

PRO-FaN'ING, ppr. Violating 5 treating with irreverence ; 
polluting. 

PRO-FAN'I-TY, n. Profaneness, which see. Buckminster. 

t PRO-FEC'TION, 71. [L. profectio.] A going forward ; ad- 
vance ; progression. Brown. 

PRo'FERT, n. [L., 3d person ofprofero.] In law, the exhi- 
bition of a record or paper in open court. 

PRO-FESS', V. t. [It. professare ; Sp. profesar ; Fr. profes- 
ser ; h. professus.] 1. To make open declaration of; to 
avow or acknowledge. 2. To declare in strong terms. 
3. To make a show of any sentiments by loud declara- 
tion. 4. To declare publicly one's skill in any art or sci- 
ence, for inviting employment. 

f PRO-FESS', V. i. To declare friendship. Shak. 

PRO-FESS'ED, or PRO-FEST', pp. Openly declared, avow- 
ed or acknowledged. 

PRO-FESS'ED -LY, adv. By profession; by open declara- 
tion or avowal. K. Charles. 

PRO-FESS'ING, ppr. Openly declaring ; avowing ; ac- 
knowledging. 

PRO-FES'SION, n. [Fr. ; 1,. professio.] 1. Open declara- 
tion ; public avowal or acknowledgment of one's senti- 
ments or belief. 2. The business which one professes to 
understand and to follow for subsistence ; calling ; voca- 
tion ; employment. 3. The collective body of persons en- 
gaged in a calling. — 4. Among the Romanists, the enter- 
ing into a religious order. 

PRO-FES'SION-AL, a. Pertaining to a profession or to a 
calling. 

PRO-FES'SION-AL-LY, adv. 1. By profession. 2. By call- 
ing. 

PRO-FESS'OR, n. [L.] 1. One who makes open declara- 
tion of his sentiments or opinions ; one who makes a pub- 
lic avowal of his belief in the Scriptures and his faith in 
Christ. 2. One that publicly teaches any science or 
branch of learning ; particularly, an officer in a universi- 
ty, college or other seminary, whose business is to read 
lectures or instruct students in a particular branch of 
learning. 

PRO-FES-So'RI-AL, a. [L. professorius.] Pertaining to a 
professor. Enfield. 

PRO-FESS'OR-SHIP, n. The office of a professor or public 
teacher of the sciences. Walton. 

PRO-FESS'0-RY, a. Pertaining to a professor. 

PROF'FER V. t. [L. profero ; Fr. proferer.] L To offer 
for acceptance. 2. To essay or attempt of one's own ac- 
cord. 

PR0I''FER, n. 1. An offer made ; something proposed for 
acceptance by another. 2. Essay ; attempt. Bacon. 

PROF'FERED, pp. Offered for acceptance. 

PROF'FER-ER, n. One who offers any thing for accept- 
ance 

PROF'FER-ING, ppr. Offering for acceptance. 

PRO-Fi"CIENCE, » n. [from L. jn-oficiens.] Advance in 

PRO-Fl"CIEN-CY, ] the acquisition of any art, science or 
knowledge ; improvement ; progression in knowledge. 

PRO-Fl"CIENT, n. One who has made considerable ad- 
vances in any business, art, science or branch of learning. 

PR0-PI€'U-01JS, a. [L. proficuus.] Profitable ; advanta- 
geous ; nseful. {Little used.] Harvey. 

*PRO'FlLE, n. [Fr. vrofil;\i. profilo ; Sp., Port, perfil.] 
1. Primarily, an outline or contour ; hence, in sculpttire 
and painting, a head or portrait represented sidewise 
or in a side view ; the side face or half face.— 2. Tn ar- 
chitecture, the contour or outline of a figure, building 
or member ; also, the draught of a building, representing 
it as if cut down perpendicularly from the roof to the 
foundation. 



* PRo'FlLE, V. t. [Fr. profiler ; It. projilare.] To draw 
outline of a head sidewise ; to draw in profile 

* PRo'FiLED, pp. Drawn so as to present a side view. 

* PRO'FIL-ING, ppr. Drawing a portrait so as to represent 
a side view ; drawing an outline. Encyc. 

PROF'IT, n. [Fr. profit ; It. profitto.l 1- In commerce, the 
advance in the price of goods sold beyond the cost of pur- 
chase. 2. Any gain or pecuniary advantage. 3. Any ad- 
vantage ; any accession of good from labor or exertion. 

PROF'IT, V. t. [It. profittare ; Fr. profiter.] 1. To benefit 3 
to advantage. 2. To improve ; to advance. 

PROF'IT, V. i. 1. To gain advantage in pecuniary interest. 
2. To make improvement ; to improve ; to grow wiser or 
better ; to advance in any thing useful. 3. To be of use 
or advantage ; to bring good to. 

PROF'IT-A-BLE. a. [Fr.] 1. Yielding or bringing profit 
or gain ; gainful ; lucrative. 2. Useful ; advantageous. 

PROF'IT-A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Gainfulness. 2. Usefulness ; 
advantageousness. More. 

PROF'IT- A-BLY, a^u. 1. With gain; gainfully. 2. Use- 
fully ; advantageously ; with improvement. 

PROF'IT-ED, pp. Benefited ; advanced in interest or hap- 
piness ; improved. 

PROF'IT-ING, ppr. Gaining interest or advantage ; improv- 
ing. 

PROF'IT-ING, n. Gain ; advantage ; improvement. 

PROF'IT-LESS, a. Void of profit, gain or advantage. 

PROF'LI-GA-CY, n. A profligate or very vicious course of 
life ; a state of being abandoned in moral principle and in 
vice. Barrinffton. 

PROF'LI-GATl:, a. [L. profliffatus.] Abandoned to vice ; 
lost to principle, virtue or decency ; extremely vicious , 
shameless in wickedness 

PROF'LI-GATE, n. An abandoned man; a wretch who 
has lost all regard to good principles, virtue or decency. 

t PROF'LI-GATE, v. t. 1. To drive away. 2. To overcome. 

PROF'LI-GATE-LY, adv. 1. Without principle or shame 
2. In a course of extreme viciousness. 

PROF'LI-GATE-NESS, n. 1. The quality or state of being 
lost to virtue and decency. 2. An abandoned course of 
life ; extreme viciousness ; profligacy. 

t PROF-LI-Ga'TION, n. Defeat ; rout. Bacon. 

t PROF'LU-ENCE, n. [L. profluens.] A progress or course 

PROF'LU-ENT, a. Flowing forward. Milton. 

PRO-FOUND', a. [Fr. profond ; If. profondo ; Sp. profundo ; 
L. profundus.] I. Deep ; descending or being far below 
the surface, or far below the adjacent places. 2. Intellec- 
tually deep ; that enters deeply into subjects ; not supei-fi- 
cial or obvious to the mind. 3. Humble ; very lowly ; 
submissive. 4. Penetrating deeply into science or any 
branch of learning. 5. Deep in skill or contrivance. 6. 
Having hidden qualities. 

PRO-FOUNDJ, n. 1. The deep ; the sea ; the ocean. Dryden 

2. The abyss. Milton. 

t PRO-FOUND , v.i. To dive ; to penetrate. Glanville. 

PRO-FOUND'LY, adv. 1. Deeply ; with deep concern. 2 
With deep penetration into science or learning ; with 
deep knowledge or insight. 

PRO-FOUNDiNESS, n. 1. Depth of place. 2. Depth of 
knowledge or of science. Hooker. 

PRO-FUND'I-TY, n. [It. profonditd.] Depth of place, of 
knowledge or of science. Milton. 

PRO-FuSE', a. [L. profiisus.] 1. Lavish ; liberal to ex- 
cess ; prodigal ; as, a profiisc government. 2. Extrava- 
gant ; lavish. 3. Overabounding ; exuberant. 

PRO-FtJSE', v.t. ]. To pour out; [little used.] 2. To squan- 
der; [little used.] 

PRO-FuSE'LY, adv. 1. Lavishly; prodigally. 2. With 
exuberance ; with rich abundance. 

PRO-FuSE'NESS, n. 1. Lavishness; prodigality; extra v- 
agantexpenditures. 2. Great abundance ; profusion. 

PRO-Fu'SION, n. [L. profusio.] 1. Lavishness ; prodigal- 
ity ; extravagance of expenditures. 2. Lavish effusion 

3. Rich abundance ; exuberant plenty. 

PROG, V. i. [D. prachgen ; Sw. pracka.] To shift meanly 

for provisions ; to wander about and seek provisions 

where they are to be found ; to live by beggarly tricks 

[j3 low word.] Burke. 
PROG, n. 1. Victuals or provisions sought by begging, or 

found by wandering about. 2. Victuals of any kind. [Ji 

low word.] Swift. 
PROG, n. One that seeks his victuals by wandering and 

begging. 
t PRO-GEN' ER-ATE, v. t. [L. progenero.] To beget. 
t PRO-GEN-ER-A'TION, n. The act of begetting ; propa 

gation. 
PR0-6EN'I-T0R, n. [Tu., from progigno.] An ancestor in 

the direct line ; a forefather. 
PRO-GEN'I-TURE, n. A begetting or birth. [Little used ] 
PROG'E-NY, 71. [It. progenie ; L. progenies.] Offspring : 

race ; children ; descendants of the human kind, or oft- 

spring of other animals. 
PROG-No'SlS, 71. [Gr. npoyvwcns.] In medicine, the art of 

foretelling the event of a disease. Coxe. 



* See Si'nojtais. A fi I, O, C, 1?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete 



PRO 



645 



PRO 



PROG-NOS'TI€, a. Foreshowiirg ; indicating something 

future by signs or symptoms. 
PROG-NOS'Tie, 71. 1. In medicine, the judgment formed 
concerning the event of a disease by means of the symp- 
toms, a. Something which foreshows 5 a sign by whicii 
a future event may be known or foretold. — In medicine, a 
sign or symptom indicating the event of a disease. 3. A 
foretelling; prediction, 
t PROG-NOS'Tie, V. t. To foretell. Hachett. 
PROG-NOS'TI-€A-BLE, a. That may be foreknown or 

foretold. Brown. 
PR0G-N0S'TI-€ATE, v. t. [It. proffnosticare.] 1. To 
foreshow ; to indicate a future event by present signs 2. 
to foretell by means of present signs ; to predict. 
PROG-NOS'TI-eA-TED, pp. Foreshown ; foretold. 
PR0G-N03'TI-€A-TING, ppr. Foreshowing ; foretelling. 
PR0G-N0S-TI-€a'TION, 71. 1. The act of foreshowing a 
future event by present signs. 2. The act of foretelling 
an event by present signs. 3. A foretoken ; previous 
sign. 

PROG-NOS'TI-€A-TOR, n. A foreknower or foreteller of a 

• future event by present signs. 

PRO'GRAMM, 71. [Gr.] 1. Anci&nthj, a letter sealed 
with the king's seal. — ^2. In a university, a billet or ad- 
vertisement to invite persons to an oration. 3. A pro- 
clamation or edict posted in a public place. 4. That 
which is written before something else ; a preface. 
PROG'RESS, 71. [Fx. progres i Sp. progreso ; li. progres- 
sus.] 1. A moving or going forward ; a proceeding on- 
ward 2. A moving forward in growth; increase. 3. 
Advance m business of any kind. 4. Advance in knowl- 
edge ; intellectual or moral improvement ; proficiency. 
5. Removal ; passage from place to place. 6. A journey 
of state; a circuit. Addison. 

PRO-GRESS', V. i. I. To move forward in space ; to pass ; 
to proceed ; as, " that silverly doth progress on thy 
cheeks;" Shak. Ford. [These authors accent the first 
syllable, but the accent is now on the second.'] 2. To pro- 
ceed; to continue onward in course. Marshall. 3. To 
advance ; to make improvement. Du Ponceau. Bayard. 

PRO-GRES'SION, n. [Fr. ; L. progressin.] 1. The act of 
moving forward ; a proceeding in a course ; motion on- 
wards. 2. Intellectual advance. 3. Course ; passage. — 
4. In mathematics, regular or proportional advance in in- 
crease or decrease of numbers ; continued proportion, 
arithmetical or geometrical. 

PRO-GRES'SION-AL, a. That advances ; that is in a state 
of advance. Brown. 

PRO-GRESS'IVE, a. 1. Moving forward ; proceeding on- 
ward ; advancing. Bacon. 2. Improving. 

PRO-GRESS'IVE-LY, adv. By motion onward ; by regular 
advances. Hooker. 

PRO-GRESS'IVE-NESS, n. The state of moving forward ; 
an advancing ; state of improvement. 

PRO-HIB'IT v.t. [\j. prohibeo ; Fr. prohiber.] 1. To for- 
bid ; to interdict by authority. 2. To hinder ; to debar ; 
to prevent ; to preclude. 

PRO-HIB'IT-ED, pp. Forbid ; interdicted ; hindered. 

PRO-HIB'IT-ER, n. One who prohibits or forbids ; a for- 
bidder ; an interdicter. 

PRO-HIB'IT-ING, pjjr. Forbidding; interdicting; debar- 
ring. 

PRO-HI-BI"TION, n. [Fr. ; L. prohibitio.] 1. The act of 
forbidding or interdicting ; a declaration to hinder some 
action ; interdict. — 2. In law, a writ of prohibition is a 
writ issuing from a superior tribunal, directed to the 
judges of an inferior coui-t, commanding them to cease 
from the prosecution of a, suit. Blackstone. 

PRO-HIB'I-TlVE, I a. Forbidding ; implying prohibition. 

i'RO-HIB'I-TO-RY, ] Barrow. Ayliffe. 

t PROIN, 7;. t. [Fr. provigner.] To lop ; to trim ; to prune, 
[See Prune.] B. Jonson. 

t PROIN, w.i. To be employed in pruning. Bacon. 

PRO-JEOT', V. t. [L. projicio ; Fr. projeter.] 1. To throw 
out ; to cast or shoot forward. 2. To cast forward in the 
mind ; to scheme ; to contrive ; to devise something to be 
done. 3. To draw or exhibit, as the form of any thing ; 
to delineate. 

PRO-JE€T', V. i. To shoot forward ; to extend beyond 
something else ; to jut ; to be prominent. 

PROJ'ECT, 71. [Fr. projet.] 1. A scheme; a design; 
something intended or devised ; contrivance. 2. An idle 
scheme ; a design not practicable. 

PRO-JE€T'ED, pp. Cast out or forward ; schemed ; devis- 
ed ; delineated. 

PRO-JECT'lLE, a. 1. Impelling forward. 2. Given by 
impulse ; impelled forward. Arbuthnotl 

PRO-JECT'iLE, 71. 1. A body projected, or impelled for- 
ward by force, particularly through the air. 2. Project- 
iles, in mechanical philosophy, is that part which treats of 
the motion of bodies thrown or driven by an impelling 
force. 

l'RO-JE€T'ING, ppr. Throwing out or forward ; shooting 
■':>ut ; jutting ; scheming ; contriving. 



PRO-JEC'TION, n. [L. projectio.] 1. The act of throwing 
or shooting forward. Brown. 2. A jutting out ; exten- 
sion beyond something else. 3. The act of scheming; 
plan ; scheme ; design of something to be executed. 4. 
Plan ; delineation ; the representation of something.— 5. 
In alchimy, the casting of a certain powder, called powder 
of projection, into a crucible or other vessel full of some 
prepared metal or other matter, which is to be thereby 
transmuted into gold. 

PRO-JE€T'MENT, n. Design ; contrivance. [Little used.} 
Clarendon. 

PRO-JECT'OR, n. I. One who forms a scheme or design, 

2. One who forms wild or impracticable schemes. 
PRO-JE€T'URE, 71. A jutting or standing out beyond the 

line or surface of something else. 

PRO-LAPSE', (pro-laps') n. [L. prolapsus.] A falling down 
or falling out of some part of the body. 

PRO-LAPSE', (pro-laps') v. i To fall down or out ; to pro- 
ject too much, 

PRO-LAP'SION, \ c„„ p„^, _„^ 

PRO-LAP'SUS. i ®'^ PK0LAP3E. 

t PRO-LaTE', v. t. [L. prolatum.'] To uti'jr ; to pronounce 
PRo'LATE, a. Extended beyond the li.\e of an exact 

sphere. 
PRO-La'TION, 71. [L. prolatio.] 1. Utterance ; pronun- 
ciation ; [l.u.] Ray. 2. Delay; act of defeiring ; [obs.] 

3. A method, m music, of determining the po\ 'er of semi- 
breves and minims. 

PROL-E-GOM'E-NA, 11. plu. [Gr. irpoXeyoyufiva.] Prelimi- 
nary observations ; introductory remarks or diss, courses 
prefixed to a book or treatise. 

PRO-LEP^SIS, ; 71. [Gr. npoXeipis.] 1. Anticipation ;.-> fig- 

PRO-LEP'SY, \ me in rhetoric by which objections are 
anticipated or prevented. 2. An error in chronology, 
when an event is dated before the actual time ; an anach- 
ronism. 

PRO-LEP'TI€, I a. 1. Pertaining to prolepsis or anti- 
PR O-LEP'TI-CAL, \ cipation. 2. Previous ; antecedent. 
— 3. In medicine, anticipating the usual time. 

PRO-LEP'TI-CAL-LY, adv. By way of anticipation. 

t PRO-LE-Ta'RI-AN, a. [L. proletarius.] Mean ; vile ; vul- 
gar.' Hudibras. 

fPRcyLE-TA-RY, n. A common person. Burton. 

PRO-LIF'ER-OUS, a. In botany, prolific. 

PR0-LIF'I€, or PRO-LIF'I-€AL, a. [It., Sp. prolifico ; 
Fr. proUfique.] I. Producing young or fruit; fruitful; 
generative ; productive. 2. Productive ; having the qual- 
ity of generating. — 3. A prolific flower, [prolifer,] in bota- 
ny, is one which produces a second flower from its own 
substance, or which has smaller flowers growing out of 
the principal one. 

PRO-LIF'I-€A-CY, 77. Fruitfulness ; great productiveness. 

PRO-LIF'J-€AL-LY, adv. Fruitfully ; Vi^ith great increase. 

PRO-LIF-I-€a'TION, 77-. 1. The generation of young or of 
plants. — 2. In botany, the production of a second flower 
from the substance of the first. 

PR0-L1F'I€-NESS, n. The state of being prolific. 

* PRo'LIX, a. [L. prolixus.] 1. Long ; extended to a great 
length ; minute in narration or argument. 2. Of long du- 
ration ; [obs.] 

t PRO-LIX'IOUS, a. Dilatory; tedious. Shak. 

PRO-LIX'I-TY, or PRO-LIX'NESS, n. Great length ; mi- 
nute detail. 

PRO-LIX'LY, adv. At great length. Dryden. 

*PRO-LO-€u'TOR, n. [L. prolo^uor.] The speaker or chair 
man of a convocation. Swift. 

*PRO-LO-€0'TOR-SHIP, n. The office or station of a pro- 
locutor. 

fPRO'LO-GlZE, 7;. i. To deliver a prologue. 

* PRo'LOGUE, (pro'log) n. [Fr. ; L. prologus.] The preface 
or introduction to a discourse or performance ; chiefly, the 
discourse or poem spoken before a dramatic performance 
or play begins. Encyc. 

* PRo'LOGUE, (pro'log) v. t. [It. prologare.] To introduce 
with a formal preface. Shak. 

PRO-LONG', V. t. [Fr. prolonger ; It. prolungare ; Sp. pro- 
longar.] 1. To lengthen in time ; to extend the duration 
of.° 2. To lengthen ; to draw out in time by delay ; to 
continue. 3. To put oflTto a distant time. 4. To extend 
in space or length. 

PRO-LON'GATE, v. t 1. To extend or lengthen in space. 
2. To extend in time ; [little used.] 

PRO-LON'GA-TED, pp. Extended in space ; continued in 
length. 

PRO-LON'GA-TING, ppr. Lengthening in space. 

PRO-LON-Ga'TION, 77. [Fr.] 1. The act of lengthening 
in time or space. 2. Extension of tune by delay or post- 
ponement. 

PRO-LONG'ED, (pro-longd') pp. Lengthened in duration 
or space. 

PRO-LONG'ER, n. He or that which lengthens in time or 



PRO-LONG'ING, ppr. Extending in time j contmumg in 
length. 



* See Sir P'is. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE —BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete, 



Piio 



646 



PRO 



I'RO-Lu'SION, n. [L. 2^^olusio.'] A prelude; entertain- 
ment ; diverting performance. [Little used.] 

TROM-E-NaDE', n. [Fr.] 1. A walk for amusement or 
exercise. 2. A place for walking. 

tPRO-MER'IT, V. t. [L. promeritum.'] 1. To oblige; to 
confer a favor on. 2. To deserve j to procure bj' merit. 

I'RO-ME-THe'AN, a. Pertaining to Prometheus, who 
stole fire from heaven. 

PROM'I-NENCE, ) n. [L. ■prominentia.'] A standing out 

PROM'I-NEN-CY, \ from the surface of something, or 
that which juts out ; protuberance. 

PROM'I-NENT, a. [L. prominens.] 1. Standing out be- 
yond the line or surface of something; jutting; protuber- 
ant ; in high relief. 2. Full ; large. 3. Eminent ; dis- 
tinguished above others. 4. Principal ; most visible or 
striking to the eye ; conspicuous. 

PROM'I-NENT-LY, adv. In a prominent manner ; so as to 
stand out beyond the other parts ; eminently ; in a strik- 
ing manner ; conspicuously. 

PRO-MIS'€U-OUS, a. [L. promiscuus.] 1. Mingled ; con- 
sisting of individuals united in a body or mass without 
order; confused; undistinguished. 2. Common ; indis- 
criminate ; not restricted to an individual. 

PRO-MlS'€U-OUS-LY, ado. 1. In a crowd or mass with- 
out order ; with confused mixture ; indiscriminately. 2. 
without distinction of kinds. Pope. 

PRO-MIS'eU-OUS-NESS, n. A state of being mixed with- 
out order or distinction. Ash. 

PROM'iSE, n. [L. promissum ; Fr. promesse.] 1. In a o-e7i- 
eral sense, a declaration made by one person to another, 
which binds the person who makes it to do or forbear a 
certain act specified. — 2. In lain, a declaration, verbal or 
written, made by one person to another for a good or 
valuable consideration, in the nature of a covenant, by 
which the promiser binds himself, and, as the case may 
be, his legal representatives, to do or forbear some act, 
and gives to the promisee a legal right to demand and en- 
force a fulfillment. 3. A binding declaration of some- 
thing to be done or given for another's benefit. 4. Hopes ; 
expectation, or that which affords expectation, of future 
distinction. 5. That which is promised ; fulfillment or 
grant of what is promised. — 6. In Scripture, the promise 
of God is the declaration or assurance which God has giv- 
en in his word of bestowing blessings on his people. 

PROM'iSE, V. t. 1. To make a declaration to another 
which binds the promiser in honor, conscience or law, to 
do or forbear some act. 2. To afford reason to expect. 
3. To make declaration or give assurance of some benefit 
to be conferred ; to pledge or engage to bestow. 

PROM'iSE, v. i. 1. To assure one by a promise or binding 
declaration. 2. To afford hopes or expectations ; to give 
ground to expect good.— 3. In popular use, this verb some- 
times threatens or assures of evil ; as. The rogue shall 
be punished, I promise you. — 4. To promise one's self, to 
be assured or to have strong confidence. 

PROM'ISE-BRkACH, 71. Violation of promise. 

PROM'ISE-BREaK-ER, n. A violator of promises. 

PROM'iSED, pp. Engaged by word or writing. 

PROM-I-SEE', n. The person to whom a promise is made. 

PROM'IS-ER, n. One who promises ; one who engages, 
■ assures, stipulates or covenants. 

PROM'IS-ING, ppr. 1. Engaging by words or writing ; 
stipulating; assuring. 2. Affording just expectations of 
good, or reasonable ground of hope. 

PROMMS-SO-RI-LY, adv. By way of promise. 

PROM'IS-SO-RY, a. 1 . Containing a promise or binding 
declaration of something to be done or forborne. — 2. In 
law, a promissory note is a writing whic-h contains a prom- 
ise of the payment of money or the delivery of property to 
another, at or before a time specified, in consideration of 
value received by the promiser. 

fPROM'ONT. The same as promontory. 

PROMJON-TO-RY, n. [L. promontorium ; Fr. promontoire ; 
It., Sp. protnontorio.] In geography, a high point of land or 
rock, projecting into the sea beyond the line of the coast ; 
a head-land. It differs from a cape in denoting high land. 

PRO-MoTE', v. t. [L. promotus.] 1. To forward ; to ad- 
vance ; to contribute to the growth, enlargement or excel- 
lence of any thing valuable, or to the increase of any 
thing evil. 2. To excite ; as, to promote mutiny. 3. To 
exalt ;_to elevate ; to raise ; to prefer in rank or honor. 

PRO-MoT'ED, jyp. Advanced ; exalted. 

PRO-MoT'ER, 71. 1. He or that which forwards, advances 
or promotes ; an encourager. 2. One that excites. 3. An 
informer ; a make-bate ; [oZ»s.] 

PRO-MoT'ING, ppr. Forwarding ; advancing ; exciting ; 
exalting. 

PRO-Mo'TION, 77. [Fr.] 1. The act of promoting; ad- 
vancement ; encouragement. 2. Exaltation in rank or 
honorj preferment. 

PRO-Mo'TIVE, a. Tending to advance or promote; tend- 
ing to encourage. Hume. 

t PRO-MOVE', V. t. To advance. Fell. 

PROMPT, a. [Fr. prompt ; It., Sp. pronto ; Tu,. promptus.] 



1. Ready and quick to act as occasion demands. 2 Of a 
ready disposition; acting with cheerful alacrity. 3 
Quick ; ready ; not dilatory ; applied to things. 4. Q.uick ; 
hasty; indicating boldness or forwardness. 5. Ready; 
present; told down. 6. Easy; unobstructed. 

PROMPT, V. t. 1. To incite ; to move or excite to action 
or exertion ; to instigate. 2. To assist a speaker when at 
a loss, by pronouncing the words forgotten or next in or- 
der. 3. To dictate ; to suggest to the mind. 4. To re- 
mind ; [o&s.]s 

PROMPT'ED, pp. Incited; moved to action ; instigated ; 
assisted in speaking or learning. 

PROMPT'ER, 77. 1 . One that prompts ; one that admon- 
ishes or incites to action. 2. One that is placed behind 
the scenes in a play-house, whose business is to assist the 
speakers when at a loss, by uttering the first words of a 
sentence or words forgotten. 

PROMPT'ING, ppr. Inciting; moving to action; aiding a 
speaker when at a loss for the words of his piece. 

PROMPT'I-TUDE, 77. [Fr. ; Impromptus; It. prontitudine.] 

1. Readiness ; quickness of decision and action when oc- 
casion demands. 2. Readiness of will; cheerful alacrity. 

PROMPT'LY, adv. Readily ; quickly ; expeditiously ; cheer- 
fully. Taylor. 

PROMPT'NESS, 77. 1. Readiness ; quickness of decision 
or action. 2. Cheerful willingness ; alacrity. 3. Activi- 
ty ; briskness. 

PROMPT'U-A-RY, n. [Fr. promptuaire ; L. promptuarium,] 
That from which supplies are drawn; a storehouse; a 
magazine ; a repository. 

t PROMPT' rjRE, 77. Suggestion; incitement. Shak. 

PRO-MUL'GATE, v. t. [L. promulgo.l To publish ; to 
make known by open declaration. 

PRO-MUL'GA-TED, pp. Published ; made publicly known. 

PRO-MUL'GA-TING, ppr. Publishing. 

PRO-MUL-Ga'TION, 77. The act of promulgating ; publi- 
cation ; open declaration. 

* PRO-MUL-Ga'TOR, 77. A publisher; one who makes- 
known, or teaches publicly, what was before unknown. 

PRO-MULGE', (pro-mulj') v. t. To promulgate ; to publish 
or teach. 

PRO-MULG'ED, (pro-muljd') pp. Published. 

PRO-MUjuG'ER, 77. One who publishes or teaches what 
was before unknown. jStterbury. 

PR0-MULG'ING,:PP?-. Publishing. 

PRO-Na'TION, 7(. [Im.pronus.] 1. Among a77aio777isfs, that 
motion of the radius whereby the palm of the hand is 
turned downwards ; the act of turning the palm down- 
wards. Coxc. 2. That position of the hand when the 
thumb is turned towards the body and the palm down- 
wards. 

PRO-Na'TOR, 77. A muscle of the fore-arm which serves to 
turn the palm of the hand downward. 

PRONE, a. [L. pronus.] I. Bending forward ; inclined ; 
not erect. Milton. 2. Lying with the face downward. 
3. Headlong ; precipitous ; inclining in descent. 4. Slop- 
ing ; declivous ; inclined. 5. Inclined ; prepense ; dis- 
posed. 

PRoNE'LY, adv. So as to bend downwards ; in a kneeling 
posture. 

PRoNE'NESS, 77. 1. The state of bending downward. 2. 
The state of lying with the face downwards. 3. Descent ; 
declivity. 4. Inclination of mind, heart or temper ; pro- 
pension ; disposition. 

PRONG, 77. 1. A sharp-pointed instrument. 2. The tine 
of a fork_or of a similar instrument. 

PRONG'HoE, 71. A hoe with prongs to break the earth 

tPRo'NI-TY, for proneness. More. 

PRO-NOM'I-NAL, a. [L. pronomen.] Belonging to or of the 
nature of a pronoun. Lowth. 

PRO'NOUN, n. lYr. pronom ; It. pronome ; Sp. proiiombre ; 
L. pronomen.] In grammar, a word used instead of a 
noun or name, to prevent the repetition of it. 

PRO-NOUNCE', (pro-nouns') v. t. [Fr. prononcer ; L. pro- 
nuncio.] 1. To speak ; to utter articulately. 2. To utter 
formally, officially or solemnly. 3. To speak or utter 
rhetorically ; to deliver. 4. To speak ; to utter, in almost 
any manner. 5. To declare or affirm. 

PRO-NOUNCE', (pro-nouns') v. i. To speak ; to make dec- 
laration ; to utter an opinion. 

t PRO-NOUNCE', 77. Declaration. Milton. 

PRO-NOUNCE A-BLE, (pro-nouns'a-bl) a That may be 
pronounced or uttered. Piyikerton. 

PRO-NOUN'CED, (pro-nounsf) pp. SpoKen ; uttered ; de- 
clared solemnly. 

PRO-NOUN'CER, n. One who utters or declares. 

PRO-NOUN'CING, ppr. I. Speaking; uttering; declaring. 

2. a. Teaching pronunciation. 

* PRO-NUN-CI-A'TION, 77. \Fr. pr on onciation ; I,.pronun~ 
ciatio.] 1. The act of uttering with articulation; utter- 
ance. 2. The mode of uttering words or sentences , 
particularly, the art or manner of uttering a discourse 
publicly with propriety and gracefulness; now called 
delivery. 



See Synopsis. A, K, I. O, U, "?, long.— FAR, FALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD :— + Obsolete. 



U 



PRO 



647 



PRO 



PRO-NUN'CIA-TIVE, a. Uttering confidently ; dogmati- 
cal. Bacon. 

PROOF, 71. [Sax. prolan ; Bw.prof, Bain. prove; B.proef; 
Fr. preuve.] 1. Trial ; essay ; experiment ; any effort, 
process or operation that ascertains truth or fact. — 2. In 
Law and lotric, that degree of evidence which convinces 
the mind of the certainty of truth or fact, and produces 
belief. 3. Firmness or hardness that resists impression, 
or yields not to force ; impenetraoility of physical bodies. 
4. Firmness of mind ; stability not to be shaken.— 5. The 
proof of spirits consists in little bubbles which appear on 
the top of the liquor after agitation, called the bead, and, 
by the French, chapelet. 6. The degree of strength in 
spirit J as, high proof ; first proof.— 7. Ln printing and en- 
graving, a rough impression of a sheet, taken for correc- 
tion 3 plu. proofs, not proves. 8. Armor sutiiciently firm 
to resist impression ; [obs.] Shak. 

PROOF'LESS, a. Wanting sufficient evidence to induce 
belief; not proved. Boyle. 

t PEOOF'LESS-LY, adv. Without proof. 

PROP, V. t. [D- , Dan. prop ; Sw. propp ; D. proppen.] 1. To 
support or prevent from falling by placing something un- 
der or against. 2. 'J'o support by standing under or 
against. 3. To support ; to sustain ; in a general sense. 

PROP, n. That which sustains an incumbent weight ; that 
on which any thing rests for support ; a support ; a stay. 

PROP'A-GA-BLE, a. 1. That may be continued or multi- 
plied by natural generation or production. 2. That may 
be spread or extended by any means, as tenets, doctrines 
or principles, 

PKOP'A-GAND-ISM, n. The art or practice of propagating 
tenets or principles. Dwight. 

PROP-A-GAND'IST, n. A person who devotes himself to 
the spread of any system of principles. Walsh. 

PROP'A-GATE, V. I. [L. propago ; It. propaggine.'] 1. To 
continue or multiply the kind by generation or successive 
production. 2. To spread ; to extend ; to impel or con- 
tinue forward in space. 3. To spread from person to 
person ; to extend ; to give birtli to, or originate and 
spread. 4, To carry from place to place ; to extend by 
planting and establishing in places before destitute. 5. 
To extend ; to increase. 6. To generate ; to produce. 

PROP'A-GATE, V. i. To have young or issue ; to be pro- 
duced or multiplied by generation, or by new shoots or 
plants. 

PROP'A-GA-TED, pp. Continued or multiplied by genera- 
tion or production of the same kind ; spread ; extended. 

PROP'A-GA-TING, ppr. Continuing or multiplying the 
kind by generation or production ; spreading and estab- 
lishing. 

PROP-A-Ga'TION, 71. [Fr. ; \^. prcrpagatio.'] 1. The act of 
propagating ; the continuance or multiplication of the kina 
by generation or successive production. 2. The spread- 
ing or extension of any thing. 3. The spreading of any 
thing by planting and establishing in places before desti- 
tute. 4. A forwarding or promotion. 

PROP'A-GA-TOR, n. 1. One that continues or multiplies 
his own species by generation. 2. One that continues or 
multiplies any species of animals or plants. 3. One that 
spreads or causes to circulate, as a report. 4. One that 
plants and establishes in a country destitute. 5. One that 
plants, originates or extends ; one that promotes. 

PRO-PEL', V. t. [L. propello,] To drive forward ; to urge 
or press onward by force. 

PRO^PEL'LED, (pro-peld') pp. Driven forward. 

PRO-PEL'LING, ppr. Driving forward. 

PRO-PEND', V. I. [L. propendeo.] To lean towards ; to 
incline ; to be disposed in favor of any thing. [L. u.l Shak. 

PRO-PEND'EN-CY, n. [1.. propendens.j I. A leamng to- 
wards ; inclination ; tendency of desire to any thing. 2. 
Preconsideration ; attentive deliberation. [Little used.] 

PRO-PEND'ING, ppr. Inclming towards. 

PRO-PENSE', (pro-pens') a. [L. properu-us.] Leaning to- 
wards, in a moral sense : inclined ; disposed. 

PRO-PEN'SION, ) n. [Fr. propension ; L. propensio.] 1. 

PRO-PENS'I-TY, \ Bent of mind, natural or acquired ; 
inclination. 2. Natural tendency. 

PROP'ER, a. [Fi. propre ; IX.pi-oprio, or propio ; Sp. propio ; 
Ii.proprius.] 1. Peculiar; naturally or essentially belong- 
ing to a person or thing ; not common. 2. Particularly 
suited to. 3. One's own. 4. Noting an individual ; per- 
taining to one of a species, but not common to the whole ; 
as a proper name. 5. Fit ; suitable ; adapted ; accommo- 
dated. 6. Correct; just. 7. Not figurative. 8. Well- 
formed ; handsome. 9. Tall ; lusty ; handsome with 
bulk ; [not used.] Shak. — 10. In vulgar language, very ; 
as, proper good ; [vulgar.] 

fPROP'ER-ATE, v.t.''[Ij.propero.] To hasten. Cockeram. 

f PROP-ER-A'TION, n. [L. properatio.] The act of hasten- 
ing ; the act of making haste. Bailey. 

PROP'ER-LY, adv. 1. Fitly ; suitably ; in a proper man- 
ner. 2. In a strict sense. 

PROP'ER-NESS, M. 1. The quality of being proper ; [I. u.] 
2. Tallness ; [obs.] 3. Perfect form ; handsomeness. 



PROP'ER-TY, n. [from proper.] 1. A peculiar quality of 
any thing ; that which is inherent in a subject, or naturally 
essential to it. 2. An acquired or artificial quality ; that 
which is given by art or bestowed by man. 3. Quality ; 
disposition. 4. The exclusive right of possessing, enjoy- 
ing and disposing of a thing ; ownership. 5. Possession 
held in one's own right. Bryden. 6. The thing owned ; 
that to which a person has the legal title, whether in his 
possession or not. 7. An estate, whether in lands, goods 
or money. 8. An estate; a farm ; a plantation. 9. Near- 
ness or right. 10. Something useful ; an appendage ; a 
theatrical teryn. 11. Propriety ; [obs.] — Literary property^ 
the exclusive right of printing, publishing and making 
profit by one's own writings. 

t PROP'ER-TY, V. t. To invest with qualities, or to take as 
one's own ; to appropriate. Shak. 

PRO-PHaNE'. See Profane. 

PRo'PHA-StS, 71. [Gr. nf)0(paaig.] In TJzeiiciTie, prognosis; 
foreknowledge of a disease. 

PROPH'E-CY, n. [Gr. TrpocprjTeia.] 1. A foretelling ; pre- 
diction ; a declaration of something to come. — 2. In Scrip- 
ture, a book of prophecies ; a history. 3. Preaching ; pub- 
lic interpretation of Scripture ; exhortation or instruction. 
Prov. xxxi. 

PROPH'E-SlED, pp. Foretold ; predicted. 

PROPH'E SI-ER, n. One who predicts events. 

PROPH'E-SY, V. t. 1. To foretell future events; to pre- 
dict. 2. To foreshow ; [little ^ised.] Shak. 

PROPH'E-Sy, v. i. 1. To utter predictions ; to make decla- 
ration of events to come. Jer. xi.— 2. In Scripture, to 
preach ; to instruct in religious doctrines ; to interpret or 
explain Scripture or religious subjects ; to exhort. 1 Cor. 
xiii. 

PROPH'E-SY-ING, ppr. Foretelling evenis. 

PROPH'E-SY-ING, n. Theactof foretelling or of preaching 

PROPH'ET, n. [Gr. Tipo(pnTr]s ; li.propheta; Fr. prophete.] 
1. One that foretells future events; a predicter ; a fore- 
teller. — 2. In Scripture, a person inspired or instructed by 
God to announce future events. 3. An interpreter ; one 
that explains or communicates sentiments. Ex. vii. 4. 
One who pretends to foretell ; an impostor. — School, of the 
prophets, among the Israelites, a school or college in 
which young men were educated and qualified for public 

PROPH'ET-LiKE, a. Like a prophet. Shak. 
PROPH'ET-ESS, 71. A female prophet. Judg.iv. 
PRO-PHET'lfe, ) a. 1. Containing prophecy ; foretell- 
PRO-PHET'I-€AL, ] ing future events. 2. Unfolding 

future events. 
PRO-PHET'I-CAL-LY, adv. By way of prediction ; in the 

manner of prophecy. Dryden. 
t PROPH'E-TiZE, V. i. To give prediction. 
PROPH-Y-LAC'TI€, \ a. [Gr. rtpo<p\)\aKTiKog.] In med- 

PROPH-Y-LA€'TI-€AL, j idne, preventive ; defending 

from disease Coze, 
PROPH-Y-LAC'TI€, n. A medicine which preserves or de- 
fends against disease ; a preventive. Coze. 
PROP-I-Na'TION, 71. [ij.propinatio.] The act of pledging, 

or drinking first and then offering the cup to another. 

Potter. 
t PRO-PINE', v.t. [L. propinc] 1. To pledge; to drink 

first and then offer the cup to another. 2. To expose. 
t PRO-PIN'aUATE, V. i. [L. propinquo.] To approach ; to 

draw near to. Cockeram, 
PRO-PIN'Q,UI-TY, 71. [L. propinquitas.] 1. Nearness in 

place; neighborhood. 2. Nearness in time. 3. Nearness 

of blood ; kindred. 
PRO-PI'TIA-BLE, a. That may be induced to favor, or 

that may be made propitious. 
PRO-Pl''TIATE, t;. £. [L. propitio.] To conciliate ; to ap- 
pease one offended and render him favorable ; to make 

propitious. Pope. 
PRO-ri"TIA-TED, pp. Appeased and rendered favorable ^ 

conciliated. 
PRO-Pi"TIA-TING, ppr. Conciliating ; appeasing the wrath 

of and rendering favorable. 

* PRO-Pi-TI-A'TION, 71. [Fr.] 1. The act of appeasing 
wrath and conciliating the favor of an offended person 
the act of making propitious.— 2. In theology, the atone- 
ment or atoning sacrifice which removes tlie obstacle to 
man's salvation. 

PRO-PI-TIa'TORj n. One who propitiates. Sherwood. 

* PRO-PI"TIA-TO-RY, a. Having the power to make pro- 
pitious. Stilling fleet. 

* PRO-Pi'iTIA-TO-RY, n. Among the Jews, the mercy-seat ; 
the lid or cover of the ark of the covenant, lined within 
and without with plates of gold. Encyc. 

PRO-Pl"TIOUS, (pro-pisli'us) a. [L. propithis.] 1. Favora- 
ble ; kind. 2. Disposed to be gracious or merciful ; ready 
to forgive sins and bestow blessings. 3. Favorable; as, a 
propitious season. 

PRO-Pi"TIOUS-LY, a(fy. Favorably ; kindly. Roscommon. 

PRO-Pi"TIOUS-NESS, 71. 1 Kindness; disposition to treat 



♦ See Synovsis MOVE . BOOK , DoVE -—BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this, t OlselUe 



PRO 



PRO 



another kindly ; disposition to forgive. 2. Favorable- 

PRO'PLASM, n. [Gr. npo and nAao-jua.] A mold ; a matrix. 
PRO-PLAS'TiCE, rt. The art of making molds for castings. 

PE.O'P0-LIS, n. [Gr.] A thick, odorous substance having 
some resemblance to wax, and smelling like storax ; used 
by bees to stop the holes and crevices in their hives. 

PRO-Po'NENT, n. [L. proponens.] One that makes a pro- 
posal^ or lays down a proposition. Dryden. 

PHO-PoR'TiON, n. [L proportio.] 1. The comparative 
relation of any one thing to another. 2. 1 he identity or 
similitude of two ratios. — Proportion differs from ratio. 
Ratio is the relation which determines the quantity of one 
thing from the quantity of another, without the interven- 
tion of a third. Thus the ratio of 5 and 10 is 2 ; the ratio 
of 8 and 16 is 2. Proportion is the sameness or likeness of 
two such relations. Thus 5 is to 10 as 8 to 16 j that is, 5 
bears the same relation to 10 as 8 does to IR. Hence we 
say, such numbers are in proportion. — 3. In arithmetic, a 
rule by which, when three numbers are given, a fourth 
number is found. 4. Symmetry ; suitable adaptation of 
one part or thing to another. 5. Equal or just share. 6. 
From ; size ; [L w.] 7. The relation between unequal 
things of the same kind, by which their several parts cor- 
respond to each other with an equal augmentation and 
diminution, as in reducing and enlarging figures. 

PRO-PoR'TlON, V. t. 1. To adjust the comparative rela- 
tion of one thing or one part to another. 2. To form 
with symmetry or suitableness, as the parts of the body. 

PRO-PoR'TIOiSi-A-BLE, a. That may be proportioned or 
made proportional. 

PRO-PoR'TION-A-BLE-NESS, n. State or quality of being 
proportionable. 

PRO-PoR TION-A-BLY, adv. AccoRding to proportion or 
comparative relation. 

PRO-PoR'TION-AL, a. [It. proporzionale ; Fr. proportion- 
nel.] Having a due comparative relation ; being in suita- 
ble proportion or degree. 

PRO-PoR-TION-AL'1-TY, n. The quality of being in pro- 
portion. Grew, 

PRO-PoR'TION-AL-LY, adv. In proportion ; in due de- 
gree ; with suitable comparative relation. 

PRO-PoR'TION-ATE, a. Adjusted to something else ac- 
cording to a certain rate or comparative relation ; propor- 
tional. Locke. 

PRO-PoR'TION-ATE, v. t. To proportion ; to make pro- 
portional ; to adjust according to a settled rate or to due 
comparative relation. 

PRO-PoR'TION-ATE-LY, adv. With due proportion ; ac- 
cording to a settled or suitable rate or degree. 

PRO-PoR'TION-ATE-NESS, n. The state of being adjusted 
by due or settled proportion or comparative relation ; 
suitableness of proportions. 

PRO-PoR TIONED, pp. Made or adjusted with due pro- 
portion or with symmetry of parts. 

PRO-PoR TION-ING, ppr. Making proportional. 

PRO-PoR'TION-LESS, a. Without proportion j without 
symmetry of parts. 

PRO-Po'SAL, n. 1. That which is offered or propounded 
for consideration or acceptance ; a scheme or design, 
terms or conditions proposed. 2. Offer to the mind. 

PRO-PoSE', V. t. [Fr. proposer ; I^.propono.] 1. To offer 
for consideration, discussion, acceptance or adoption. 2. 
To offer or present for consideration.— 7'op?-Ojpo5e to one^s 
self, to intend ; to design. 

t PRO-PoSE', V. i. To lay schemes. Shak. 

t PRO-PoSE', n. Talk ; discourse. Shak. 

PRO-PoS'ED, (pro-pozd') pp. Offered or presented for con- 
sideration, discussion, acceptance or adoption. 

PRO-PoS'ER, n. One that offers any thing for consideration 
or adoption. Locke. 

PRO-PoS'lNG, ppr. Offering for consideration, acceptance 
or adjption. 

PROP-0-Sl"TION, n. [Fr. ; 1.. propositio.] 1. That which 
is proposed 3 that which is offered for consideration, ac- 
ceptance or adoption ; a proposal ; offer of terms.— 2. In 
logic, one of the three parts of a regular argument ; the 
part of an argument in which some quality, negative or 
positive, is attributed to a subject. — 3. In mathematics, a 
statement in terms of either a truth to be demonstrated, or 
an operation to be performed. — 4. In oratory, that which 
is offered or affirmed as the subject of the discoui-se ; any 
thing stated or affirmed for discussion or illustration.— 5. 
In poetry, the first part of a poem, in which the author 
states the subject or matter of it. 

PROP-0-Sl"TION-AL, a. Pertaining to a proposition 3 con- 
sidered as a praposition. Watts. 

PRO-POUND', V. t. [L. 'propnno.'] 1. To propose ; to offer 
for consideration. 2. To offer ; to exhibit ; to propose. — 
3. In congregational churches, to propose or name as a 
candidate for admission to communion with a church. 

PRO-POUND'ED, vp. Proposed ; offered for consideration. 

PRO-POUND'ERJ n. One that proposes or offers for consid- 
eration. 



PRO-POUNDTNG, ppr. Proposing ; offering fcr considera^ 

tion. 

PROPPED, joj). Supported; sustained by something placed 
under. 

PROP'PING, i)pr. Supporting by something beneath. 

PRO-PRE'FE€T, n. Among the Romans, a prefect's lieu- 
tenant commissioned to do a part of the duty of the pre- 
fect. 

PRO-PRE'TOR, n. [L. proprator.\ Among the Romans, a 
magistrate who, having discharged the office of pretor at 
home, was sent into a province to command there with 
his former pretorial authority. 

PRO-PRI'E-TA-RY , n. [Fr. proprietaire.] 1. A proprietor 
or owner ; one who has the exclusive title to a thing ; one 
who possesses or holds the title to a thing in his own 
right. — 2. In monasteries, such monks were called propri- 
etaries, as had reserved goods and effects to themselves, 
notwithstanding their renunciation of all at the time of 
their profession. 

PRO-PRi'E-TA-RY, a. Belonging to a proprietor or owner, 
or to aproprietary. 

PRO-PRl'E-TOR, n. [L. proprietas.] An owner ; the per- 
son who has the legal right or exclusive title to any 
thing, whether in possession or not. 

PRO-PRl'E-TRESS, n. A female who has the exclusive 
legal right to a t\img. L'' Estrange. 

PRO-PRI'E-TY, 71. [Fr. propriete ; L. proprietas.] 1. Prop- 
erty ; peculiar or exclusive right of possession ; owner- 
ship. 2. Fitness ; suitableness ; appropriateness j conso- 
nance with established principles, rules or customs ; just- 
ness ; accuracy. 3. Proper state. 

PROPT. See Propped. 

PRO-PuGN', (pro-pune',) v. t. [L. propugno.] To contend 
for ; to defend ; to vindicate. [Little used.] Hammond. 

f PRO-PUG'NA-€LE, ?i. [L. propugnaculum.] A fortress. 

t PRO-PUG-Na'TION, n. [L. propugnatio .] Defense. 

PRO-PuGN'ER, (pro-piin'er) n. A defender ; a vindicator. 

PRO-PUL-Sa'TION, n. [h. propulsatio.] The act of driving 
away or repelling ; the keeping at a distance. 

PRO-PULSE', (pro-puls') v. t. [L. propulso.] To repel ; to 
drive off. [Little used.] Cotgrave. 

PRO-PUL'SION, n. [L. propulsus.] The act of driving for- 
ward. Bacon. 

PRO Ra'TA. [L.] In proportion. 

PEORE, n. [L. prora.] The prow or fore part of a ship 
[JVot in use, except in poetry.] Pope. 

PRO RE Na'TA. [L.] According to exigences or circum- 
stances. 

PRO-RO-Ga'TION, n. [L. prorogatio.] 1. Continuance in 
time or duration ; a lengthening or prolongation of time. — 
2. In England, the continuance of parliament from one 
session to another, as an adjournment is a continuance of 
the session from day to day. 

PRO-RoGUE', (pro-rog') v. t. [Fr. proroger ; L. prorogo.] 
1. To protract; to prolong. 2. To defer; to delay. 3. 
To continue the parliament from one session to another. 

PRO-RUP'TiON, n. [L. pror^iiptus.] The act of bursting 
forth ; a bursting out. Brown. 

PRO-Sa'I€, a. [L. prosaicus ; Fr. prosaique.] Pertaining to 
prose ; resembling prose ; not restricted by numbers. 

t PRo'SAL, a. Prosaic. Brown. 

PRO-SeRIBE', v. t. [L. proscribo.] 1. To doom to de- 
struction ; to put one out of the protection of law, and 
promise a reward for his head. 2. To put out of the pro- 
tection of the law. 3. To denounce and condemn as dan- 
gerous and not worthy of reception ; to reject utterly. 4. 
To censure and condemn as utterly unworthy of recei>- 
tion. 5._ To interdict. 

PRO-S€RiB'ED, (pro-skribd') pp. Doomed to destruction ; 
denounced as dangerous, or as unworthy of reception ; 
condemned ; banished. 

PRO-S€RlB'ER, n. One that dooms to destruction ; one 
that denounces as dangerous, or as utterly unworthy of 
reception. 

PRO-S€RlB'ING, ppr. Dooming to destruction ; denounc 
ing as unworthy of protection or reception ; condemning ; 
banishing. 

PRO-S€RIP'TION, n. [L. proscriptio.] 1. The act of 
proscribing or dooming to death ; among the Romans, 
the public offer of a reward for the head of a political en- 
emy. 2. A putting out of the protection of law ; con- 
demning to exile. 3. Censure and condemnation ; utter 
rejection. 

PRO-S€RIP'TIVE, a. Pertaining to or consisting in pro- 
scription ; proscribing. Burke. 

PROSE, n. [L., It., Sp. prosa ; Fr. prose.] 1. The natural 
language of man ; language loose and unconfined to poet- 
ical measure. 2. A prayer used in the Romish church on 
particular days. 

PROSE, V. t. 1. To write in prose. Milton. 2. To make a 
tedious relation. Mason. 

PROS'E-€UTE, V. t. [Ij.prosecutus.] 1. To follow or pur- 
sue with a view to reach, execute or accomplish ; to con- 
tinue endeavors to obtain or complete ; to continue efforts 



* See Synopsis A, E, I, O, V, Y, long.—FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f ObLolete 



PRO 



649 



PRO 



already begun. 2. To seek to obtain by legal process. 
3. To accuse of some crime or breach of law, or to 
pursue for redress or punishment, before a legal tribu- 
nal. 
PROS'E-€UTE, V. i. To carry on a legal prosecution. 
Blackstone. 

PRQS'E-€U-TED, pp. Pursued, or begun and carried on 
for execution or accomplishment, as a scheme ; pursued 
for redress or punishment in a court of law, as a person j 
demanded in law, as a right or claim. 

PROS'E-€U-TING, ppr. Pursuing, or beginning and car- 
rying on for accomplishment ; pursuing for redress or pun- 
ishment ;_suLng for, as a right or claim. 

PROS-E-eu'TION, n. 1. The act or process of endeavoring 
to gain or accomplish something j pursuit by efforts of 
body or mind. 2. The institution and carrying on of a 
suit in a court of lav or equity, to obtain some right, or 
to redress and punish some wrong. 3. The institution 
or commencement and continuance of a criminal suit ; 
the process of exhibiting formal charges against an offender 
before a legal tribunal, and pursuing them to final judg- 
ment. 

PROS'E-eU-TOR, n. 1. One who pursues or carries on 
any purpose, plan or business. 2. The person who in- 
stitutes and carries on a , criminal suit in a legal tribu- 
nal, or one who exhibits criminal charges against an of- 
fender. 

PROS'E-L"?TE, 11. [Fr. proselyte ; It. prosoliia ; Gr. :rpo<7- 
jyXv ro?.] A new convert to some religion or religious sect, 
or to some particular opinion, system or party. 

PROS'E-LyTE. v. t. To make a convert to some religion, 
or to some opinion or system. Macknight. 

PROS'E-LYT-ISM, n. 1. The making of converts to a reli- 
gion or religious sect, or to any opinion, system or party. 
Burke. 2. Conversion to a system or creed. 

PROS'E-LYT-iZE, to make converts, or to convert, is not 
well authorized, or no* in common use, and is wholly un- 
n*!cessary. 

t PRO-SEM-I-Na'TION, n. [L. proseminatus,] Propagation 
by seed. Hale. 

PROS-EN-NE-A-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. irpos, Evvea and iSpa.] 
In crystnlography, having nine faces on two adjacent parts 
of the crystal. 

PRo'SER, n. 1. A writer of prose. Drayton.— % In cant 
language, one who makes a tedious naiTation of uninter- 
esting matters. 

PROS-0-Di'A-€AL, ) a. Pertaining to prosody or the quan- 

* PRO-So'DI-AL, > tity and accents of syllables ; ac- 
PRO-SOD'I-€AL, ) cording to the rules of prosody. 

* PR0-S6'DI-AN, n. One skilled in prosody or in the rules 
of pronunciation and metrical composition 

PROS'O-DIST, n. One who undei-stands prosody, 

PROS'0-DY, n. [Fr. prosodie ; L. prosodia.] That part of 
grammar which treats of the quantity of syllables, of ac- 
cent, and of the laws of versification. 

PROS-O-PO-LEP'SY, 71. [Gr. npoCTcoTToXTyt/^ta.] Respect of 
persons ; more particularly, a premature opinion or preju- 
dice against a person, formed by a view of his external 
appearance. Addison. 

PROS-O-PO-Pe'IA, \ n. [Gr. Tipoawi^oTioua.] A figure in 

PROS'O-PO-PY, \ rhetoric by which things are repre- 
sented as persons, or by which things inanimate are spoken 
of as animated beings, or by which an absent person is 
introduced as speaking, or a deceased person is represent- 
ed as alive and present. 

PROSTECT, n. [L. prospectus.'] 1. View of things with- 
in the reach of the eye. 2. View of things to come ; in- 
tellectual sight ; expectation. 3. That which is present- 
ed to the eye ; the place and the objects seen. 4. Object 
of view. 5. Vieyv delineated or painted ; picturesque 
representation of a landscape. 6. Place which affords an 
extended view. 7. Position of the front of a building. 
8. Expectation, or ground of expectation. 9. A looking 
forward ; a regard to something future. 

tPROS'PEOT, V. i. [L. prospectus.] To look forward. 
Diet. 

PRO-SPE€'TION, n. The act of looking forward, or of pro- 
viding for future wants. Palcy. 

PRO-SPE€T'IVE, a. 1. Looking forward in time ; regard- 
ing the future ; opposed to retrospective. W. Jay. 2. 
Acting with foresight. 3. Pertaining to a prospect; 
viewing at a distance. 4. Furnishing with an extensive 
prospect. 

PRP-SPE€T'IVE-LY, adv. With reference to the future. 

PRO-SPE€T'US, n. [L.] The plan of a literary work, 
containing the general subject or design, with the man- 
ner and terms of publication, and sometimes a specimen 
of it. 

PROSTER, V. t. [L. prospero.] To favor ; to render suc- 
cessful. Dryden. 

PROS'PER, V. i. 1. To be successful ; to succeed. 2. To 
grow or increase ; to thrive ; to make gain. 

PROS'PERED, pp. Having success ; favored. 



PROS'PEE-ING, ppr. Rendering successful : advancing in 

growth, wealth or any good. ^ 

PRuS PER'I-TY, n. VL. prosperitas.] Advance or gEfflr in 
any thing good or desirable ; successful progress in any 
business or enterprise ; success ; attainment of the object 
desired. 

PROS'PER-OUS, a. [L. prosperus.] 1. Advancing in 
the pursuit of any thing desirable ; making gain or in- 
crease ; thriving ; successful. 2. Favorable ; favoring 
success. 

PROS'PER-OUS-LY, adv. With gain or increase ; success- 
fully. Bacon. 

PROS'PER-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being successful , 
prosperity. 

PRO-SPl"CIENCE, n. [L. prospiciens.] The act of looking 
forward. Diet. 

PROSS, 11. Talk; conversaticHi, rather of the gossiping 
kind. Brockett. 

PROS'TATE, a. [fromGr. jrpotoTjyjut.] In anatomy,t}ieproS' 
tate gland is a gland situated just before the neck of the 
bladder in males, and surrounding the beginning of the 
urethra. 

PROS-TER-Na'TION, 71. [li.prosterno.] A state of being 
cast down ; dejection ; depression. [Little used.] 

PROS'THE-SIS, \ n. [Gr.] In surgery, the addition of an 

PROTH'E-SIS, \ artificial part to supply a defect of the 
body ; as a wooden leg, &c. 

PROS-THET'ie, a. [Gr. jrpoo-0£roj.] Prefixed, as a letter 
to a word. 

PROS'TI-TUTE, V. t. [L. prostxtuo.] 1. To offer freely 
to a lewd use, or to indiscriminate lewdness. 2. To give 
up to any vile or infamous purpose ; to devote to any 
thing base ; to sell to wickedness. 3. To offer or expose 
upon vile terms or to unworthy persons. 

PROS'TI-TUTE, a. Openly devoted to lewdness ; sold to 
wickedness or to infamous purposes. 

PROS'TI-TUTE, n. I. A female given to indiscriminate 
lewdness ; a strumpet. Dryden. 2. A base hireling ; a 
mercenary ; one who offers himself to infamous employ- 
ments for hire. 

PROS'TI-TU-TED, pp. Offered to common lewdness ; de- 
voted to base purposes. 

PROS'TI-TU-TING, ppr. Offering to indiscriminate lewd- 
ness ; devoting to infamous uses. 

PROS-TI-Tu'TION, 71. [¥x.;l,.prostituo.] 1. The act or 
practice of offering the body to an indiscriminate inter- 
course with men ; common lewdness of a female. 2. The 
act of setting one's self to sale, or offering one's self to 
infamous employments. 

PROS'TI-TU-TOR, n. One who prostitutes ; one who sub- 
mits himself or offers another to vile purposes. 

PROS'TRATE, a. [L. prostratus.] 1. Lying at length, or 
with the body extended on the ground or other surface. 
2. Lying at mercy, as a supplicant. 3: Lying in the pos- 
ture of humility or adoration. 

PROS'TRATE, v. t. 1. To lay flat ; to throw down. 2. To 
throw down ; to overthiow ; to demolish ; to ruin. — 3. To 
prostrate one^s self, to throw one's self down or to fall in 
humility or adoration. 4. To bow in humble reverence. 
5. To sink totally ; to reduce. 

PROS'TRA-TED, pp. Laid at length ; laid flat ; thrown 
down ; destroyed. 

PROS'TRA-TING, ppr. Laying flat ; throwing down ; de- 
stroying. 

PROS-TRa'TION, 71. 1. The act of throwing down or lay- 
ing flat. 2. The act of falling down, or the act of bowing 
in humility or adoration ; primarily, the act of falling on 
the face. 3. Great depression ; dejection. 4. Great loss 
of natural strength and vigor ; that state of the body in 
disease in which the system is passive and requires pow- 
erful stimulants to excite it into action. 

PRO'STyLE, 71. [Gr. rpooruXo? .] In architecture, a range 
of columns in the front of a temple. Encyc. 

PRO-SYL'LO-GISM, 7!. [pro and syllogism.] A prosyllo- 
gism is when two or more syllogisms are so connected 
that the conclusion of the former is the major or minor of 
the following. 

PRO-TA€'TI€, a. Protactic persons, in plays, are those 
who give a narrative or explanation of the piece. 

*PRo'TA-SIS, n. [Gr. nporaci^.] 1. A proposition ; a max- 
im. ^2. In the ancient drama, the first part of a comic or 
tragic piece, in which the severi viersons are shown, their 
characters intimated, and the subject proposed and enter- 
ed on. 

PRO-TAT'IG, a. [Gr. irporaTiKos.] Being placed in the be- 
ginning; previous. Dryden. 

PRo'TE-AN, a. Pertaining to Proteus ; readily assuming 
different shapes. See Proteus. 

PRO-TEOT', v. t. [L. protectus.] To cover or shield 
from danger or injury ; to defend ; to guard ; to preserve 
in safety. 

PRO-TE€T'ED, pp. Covered c defended from injury ; pre- 
served in safety. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. 7 Obsolete. 



PRO 



650 



PRO 



PRO-TE€T1NG, ppr. Shielding from injury ; defending j 
preserving in safety. 

PRO-TE€'TION, n. 1. The act of protecting ; defense ; 
shelter from evil ; preservation from loss, injury or an- 
noyance. 2. That which protects or preserves from 
injury. 3. A writing that protects ; a passport or other 
writing which secures from molestation. 4. Exemp- 
tion. 

PEO-TE€T'IVE, a. Affording protection ; sheltering ; de- 
fensive. Thomson. 

PRO-TE€T'OR, n. [Ft. protecteur.] 1. One that defends 
or shields from injury, evil or oppression ; a defender ; a 
guardian. — 2. In England, one who formerly had the care 
of the kingdom during the king's minority ; a regent. — 
3. In Catholic countries, every nation and every religious 
order has a. protector residing at Rome. 

PRO-TECT'OR-ATE, n. Government by a protector. Wal- 
pole. 

PRO-TE€T'OR-SHIP, n. The office of a protector or re- 
gent. Burnet. 

PRO-TECT'RESS, n. A woman or female that protects, 

PRO-TEND', V, t. [L. protendo.] To hold out ; to stretch 
forth. Dryden. 

PRO-TEND'ED, pp. Reached or stretched forth. Mitford. 

PRO-TEXDING, ppr. Stretching forth. 

t PRO-TENSE', (pro-tens') n. Extension. Spenser. 

PRO-TERV'I-TY, n. [L. protervitas.] Peevishness ; petu- 
lance. [Little used.] 

PRO-TEST', V. i. [L. protestor ; Fr. protester.] 1. To 
affirm with solemnity 3 to make a solemn declaration of a 
fact or opinion. 2. To make a solemn declaration expres- 
sive of opposition. 3. To make a formal declaration in 
writing against a public law or measure. 

PRO-TEST', v.t. 1. To call as a witness in affirming or de- 
nying, or to prove an affirmation. 2. To prove ; to show ; 
to give evidence of; [obs.] — 3. In commerce, to protest a 
bill of exchange, is for a notary public, at the request of 
the payee, to make a formal declaration, under hand and 
seal, against the drawer of the bill, on account of non-ac- 
ceptance or non-payment, for exchange, cost, commis- 
sions, damages and interest. 

* PROTEST, 7!. 1. A solemn declaration of opinion, com- 
monly against some act ; a formal and solemn declaration 
in writing of dissent from the proceedings of a legislative 
body. — 2. In commerce, a formal declaration made by a 
notary public, under hand and seal, at the request of the 
payee or holder of a bill of exchange, for non-acceptance 
or non-pavment of the same. 

PRC T'ES-TANT, a. Pertaining to those who, at the ref- 
ormation of religion, protested against a decree of Charles 
V. and the diet of Spires ; pertaining to the adherents of 
Luther, or others of the reformed churches. 

PROT ES-TANT, n. One of the party who adhered to Lu- 
ther at the Reformation in 1529, and protested against a 
decree of the emperor Charles V. and the diet of Spires, 
and appealed to a general council. 

PROT'ES-TAXT-ISM, n. The Protestant relisdon. 

PROT ES-TAXT-LY, atfi-. In conformity to" the Protes- 
tants. 

PROT-ES-Ta'TIOX, n. [Fr.] 1. A solemn declaration of 
a fact, opinion or resolution. 2. A solemn declaration of 
dissent ; a protest. — 3. In lair, a declaration in pleading, 
by which the party interposes an oblique allegation or 
denial of some fact, protesting that it does or does not 
exist. 

PRO-TEST'ED, pp. Solemnly declared or alledged ; declar- 
ed against for non-acceptance or non-payment. 

PRO-TEST'ER, n. 1. One who protests ; one who utters a 
solemn declai-ation. 2. One who protests a bill of ex- 
chanse. 

PRO-T£ST'IXG, ppr. Solemnly declaring or affii-ming ; de- 
claring against for non-acceptance or non-payment. 

PRo'TE'-US, n. [L.] In mythologtj, a marine deity, the son 
of Oceanus and Tethys,' whose distinguishing character- 
istic was the facultv of assuming diffisrent shapes. 

PRO-THOX'0-TA-RI-SHIP, n. The office of a prothono- 
tarj'. 

PRO-THOX'0-TA-RY, 71 [Low L. protonotarius.] 1. Orig- 
inally, the chief notary ; and, anciently, the title of the 
principal notaries of the emperors of Constantinople. — 
2. In England, an officer in the court of king's bench and 
common pleas. — 3. In the United States, a register or 
clerk of a comt. 

PRO'T0-€0L, n. [Low L. protocollum.] 1. The orig- 
jaal copy of any writing. Ayliffe. 2. A record or regis- 
try. 

PRo'TO-€OL-IST, 71. In Russia, a register or clerk. 

PRO'TO-MXR-TYR, n. [Gr, -^ujtos and jxaQTv^.] I. The 
first martyr ; a term applied to Stephen. 2. The first who 
suffers or"is sacrificed in any cause. 

PRO'TO-i'LAST, n. [Gr. rrpurof and nXaaroi.] The 
original ; the thing first formed, as a copy to be imitated. 

PRO-TO-PLAS'TI€, a First formed. Howell. 



PRo'TO-POPE, 71. [Gr. JrpwTo?, andi?ope.] Chief pope or 
imperial confessor. Tooke, Rilss. 

PRO-TO-SUL'PHATE, 71. In chemistry, the combination of 
sulphuric acid with a protoxyd. 

PRO'TO-T^PE, n. [Fr.; Gr. ;rpwTorrffoj.] An original or 
model after which any thing is formed ; the pattern of 
any thing to be engraved, cast, &c. ; exemplar ; arche- 
type. 

PRO-TOX'YD, n. [Gr. n^btTog and o|uj.] A substance 
combined with oxygen in the first degree, or an oxyd 
formed by the first degree of oxydizement. Thomson. 

PRO-TOX'Y-DIZE, v. t. To oxvdize in the first degree. 

PRO-TRACT', V. t. [L. protractus.] 1. To draw out or 
lengthen in time ; to continue ; to prolong. 2. To delay j 
to defer ; to put off to a distant time. 

t PRO-TRACT', n. Tedious continuance. Spenser. 

PRO-TRACT'ED, pp. Drawn out in time ; delayed. 

PRO-TRACT'ER, 71. One who protracts or lengthens in 
time. 

PRO-TRACT'ING, ppr. Drawing out or continuing in time ; 
delaying. 

PRO-TRACTION, n. The act of drawmg out or contin 
uing in time; the act of delaying the termmation of a 
thing. 

PRO-TRACT'IVE, a. Drawing out or lengthening in time .: 
prolonging; continuing; delaying. Dryden. 

PRO-TRACT'OR, n. An instrument for laying down and 
measuring angles on paper. 

PRO-TREP'TI-CAL, a. [Gr. irpoTpenriKoS'] Hortatory; 
suasory ; intended or adapted to persuade. [L, u.] Ward. 

PRO-TRUDE', V. t. [L. protrudo.] 1. To thrust forward ; 
to drive or force along. 2, To thrust out, as from con- 
finement. 

PRO-TRuDE', V. i. To shoot forward ; to be tluTist forn^ard. 
Bacon. 

PRO-TRuD'ED, pp. Thrust forward or out. 

PRO-TRuD'ING, ppr. Thrusting forward or out. 

PRO-TRu'SION, n. The act of thrusting forward or be- 
yond the usual limit ; a thrusting or driving : a push. 
Locke. 

PRO-TRu'SIVE, a. Thrusting or unpelling forward. 

PRO-TtJ'BER-ANCE, n. [L. protuberans.] A sweUing 
or tumor on the body ; a prominence ; a bunch or knob. 

PRO-TU'BER-ANT, a. Swellmg ; prominent bej'ond the 
surrounding surface. 

PRO-TtJ'BER-ATE, v. i. [L. protubero.] To swell or be 
prominent beyond the adjacent surface ; to bulge out. 

PRO-TU-BER-A'TION, n. The act of sweUing beyond the 
surroundins; surface. Cooke. 

PRO-TU'BER-OUS, a. Protuberant. Smith. 

PROUD, a. [Sax. prut ; D. preutsch.] 1. Having inordi- 
nate self-esteem ; possessing a high or unreasonable con- 
ceit of one's own excellence, either of body or mind. 2. 
AiTOgant; haughty ; supercilious. 3. Daring; presump- 
tuous. 4. Lofty of mien ; grand of person. 5. Grand ; 
lofty ; splendid ; magnificent. 6. Ostentatious ; grand. 
7. Splendid ; exhibiting grandeur and distinction ; excit- 
ing pride. 8. Excited by the animal appetite. 9. Fun- 
gous. 

PROUD'LY, adv. With an inordinate self-esteem ; in a 
proud manner ; haughtily ; ostentatiously ; with lofty airs 
or mien. Pope. 

PRoV'A-BLE, a. That may be proved. 

PROV'A-BLY, adv. In a manner capable of proof. HAoet. 

fPRO'VAND, 7!. Provender. 

PR5\rE, ?;. f. [^d.x.profMn;T).proeDen;'DaTi.prdver.] 1. 
To try ; to ascertain some unknown quality or tmth by an 
experiment or by a test or standard. 2. To evince, estab- 
hsh or ascertain" as truth, reality or fact, by testimony or 
other evidence. 3. To evince truth by argument, induc- 
tion or reasoning ; to deduce certain conclusions from prop- 
ositions that are true or admitted. 4. To ascertain tlie 
genuineness or validity of; to verify. 5. To experience, 
to try by suffering or encountering ; to gain certain knowl- 
edge" by the operation of something on ourselves, or by 
some act of our own. — 6. In arithmetic, to show, evmce 
or ascertain the correctness of any operation or result. 7. 
To trj' ; to esamhie. — 8. Men prove God, when by their 
provocations they put his patience to trial, Ps. xcv. ; or 
when by obedience they make trial how much he will 
countenance such conduct, Mai. iii. 

PROVE, V. i. 1. To make trial ; to essay. Dryden. 2. To 
be found or to have its qualities ascertained by experience 
or trial. 3. To be ascertained by the event or something 
subsequent. 4. To be found true or correct by the result. 
5. To make certain; to show; to evince. 6. To suc- 
ceed; [obs.] 

PROVED, pp. Tried ; evinced ; experienced. 

PRO-VED'I-TOR, ) n. [It. prov editor e.] A purveyor ; one 

PROV-E-DoRE', \ employed to procure supplies for an 
army. — Proveditor, in Venice and other parts of Italy, is 
an o"fficer who superintends matters of policy. Encyc. 



* See Synopsist a, E, T, O, V, "V-, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. 



PRO 



651 



PRU 



PROVEN. A word used by Scottish writers for the parti- 
ciple proved. 

PRO-VEN'CIAL, a. [Fr. provengal.] Pertaining to Prov- 
ence, in France. 

PROV'EN-DER, n. [Fr. provende ; Norm. provender.] 1. Dry 
food for beasts, usually meal, or a mixture of meal and 
cut straw or hay. 2. Provisions ; meat ; food. Coxe. 

PROV'ER, n. One that proves or tries ; that which proves. 

PROVERB, n. [Fr. proverhe ; It. proverbio ; L. proverbium.] 

1. A short sentence often repeated, expressing a well 
known truth or common fact, ascertained by experience 
or observation ; a maxim of wisdom. 2. A by-word ; a 
name often repeated 5 and hence, frequently, a reproach 
or object of contempt. Jer. xxiv. — 3. In Scripture, it 
sometimes signifies a moral sentence ormaximthatis enig- 
matical ; a dark saying of the wise that requires interpreta- 
tion. Prov. i. — 4. Proverbs, a canonical book cf the Old 
Testament. 

I PROVERB, t>. t. 1. To mention in a proverb. Milton. 2. 
To provide with a proverb. Shak. 

t PROVERB, V. i. To utter proverbs. Milton. 

PRO-VERB'I-AL, a. 1. Mentioned in a proverb. 9. Com- 
prised in a proverb ; used or current as a proverb. Pope. 

3. Peitaining to proverbs ; resembling a proverb ; suitable 
to a proverb. 

PRO-VERB'I-AL-IST, n. One who speaks proverbs. 

PRO-VERB'I-AL-IZE, v. t. To make a proverb ; to turn 
into a proverb, or to use proverbially. [Unusual.] 

PRO-VERB'I-x\L-LY, adv. In a proverb. Brown. 

PRO-V[DE', t). «. [li. provideo ; it. pi'ovvedere.] 1. To pro- 
cure beforehand ; to get ; to collect or make ready for 
future use 5 to prepare. 2. To furnish ; to supply ; fol- 
lovi^ed by with. 3. To stipulate previously. 4. To make 
a previous conditional stipulation. 5. To foresee ; a Lat- 
irdsm ; [obs.]—6. Provide, in a transitive sense, is followed 
by against or for. 

PRO-VlDE', V. i. To procure supplies or means of defense ; 
or to take measures for counteracting or escaping an evil. 

PRO-VlD'ED, pp. 1. Procured beforehand; made ready 
for future use ; supplied ; furnislied ; stipulated. 2. Stip- 
ulated as a condition, which condition is expressed in the 
following sentence or words. 

PROVI-DENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. providentia.] I. The act of 
providing or preparing for future use or application. 

2. Foresight; timely care. — 3. In theology, the care and 
superintendence which God exercises over his creatures. 

4. Prudence in the management of one's concerns or in 
private economy. 

PROVIDENT, G. Foreseeing wants and making provision 
to supply them ; forecasting ; cautious ; prudent in pre- 
paring for future exigences. 

PROV-I-DEN'TIAL, a. Eftected by the providence of God ; 
referable to divine providence ; proceeding from div^ine 
direction or superintendence. 

PROV-I-DEN'TIAL-LY, adv. By means of God's provi- 
dence. 

PROVI-DENT-LY, adv. With prudent foresight; with 
wise precaution in preparing for the future. 

PRO-VlD'ER, n. One who provides, furnishes or supplies ; 
one that procures what is wanted. Shak. 

PROVINCE,?;. [Fr. ;Li.p7-ovincia.] 1. Among the Rojnans, 
a country of considerable extent, which, being reduced 
under their dominion, was new-modeled, and subjected to 
the command of an annual governor sent from Rome. — 2. 
Among the modems, a country belonging to a kingdom or 
state either by conquest or colonization, usually situated 
at a distance from the kingdom or state, but more or less 
dependent on it or subject to it. 3. A division of a king- 
dom or state, of considerable extent. 4. A region of 
country ; in a general sense ,■ a tract ; a large extent. 5. 
The proper office or business of a person. 

PRO-VIN'CIAL, a. I. Pertaining to a province, or relating 
to it. 2. Appendant to the principal kingdom or state. 

3. Not polished ; rude. 4. Pertaining to an ecclesiastical 
province, or to the juilsdiction of an archbishop ; not ecu- 
menical. , 

PRO-VIN'CIAL, w. ]. A spiritual governor. In Catholic 
countries, one who has the direction of the several con- 
vents of a province. 2. A person belonging to a province. 
Burke. 

PRO-VIN'CIAL-ISM, 11. A peculiar word or manner of 
speaking in a province or district of country remote from 
the principal country or from the metropolis. 

PRO-VIN-CI-AL'I-TY, n. Peculiarity of language in a 
province. Warton. 

PRO-VIN'CIATE, V. t. To convert into a province. 

PRO-ViNE', I', i. [Fr. provigner.] To lay a stock or branch 
of a vine in the giound for propagation, 

PROVING, j?pr. Trying; ascertaining; evincing; expe- 
riencing. 

PRO-Vi"SION, n. [Fr. ; L. provisio.] 1. The act of pro- 
viding or making previous preparation. 2. Things 
provided ; preparation ; measures taken beforehand, 
either for security, defense or attack, or for the supply of 



wants. 3. Stores provided ; stock. 4. Victuals ; food - 
provender ; all manner of eatables for man and beast. 5 
Previous stipulation ; terms or agreement made, or meas- 
ures taken, for a future exigency. 

PRO Vl'SION, V. i. To supply with victuals or food. 

PRO-Vl"SION-AL, a. [Fr. provisionnel.] Provided for 
present need or for the occasion ; temporarily established j 
temporary. 

PRO-Vl"SION-AL-LY, adv. By way of provision ; tempa- 
rarUy ; for the present exigency. Locke. 

PRO-Vl"SION-A-RY, a. Provisional; provided for the 
occasion ; not permanent. Burke. 

PRO-Vl'SO, 71. [L. provisus.] An article or clause in 
any statute, agreement, contract, grant or other writing, 
by which a condition is introduced ; a conditional stipula- 
tion. _ 

PRO-Vl'SOR, n. [Fr. proviseur.] 1. In church affairs, a 
person appointed by the pope to a benefice before the 
death of the incumbent, and to the prejudice of the right- 
ful patron. 2. The purveyor, steward or treasurer of a 
religious house. 

PRO-Vl'SO RY, a. ]. Making temporary provision; tern 
porary. 2. Containing a proviso or condition ; conditional. 

PROV-0-€a'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. provocatio.] 1. Any 
thing that excites anger ; the cause of resentment. 1 Kings 
xxi. 2. The act of exciting anger. 3. An appeal to a 
court or judge; [obs.] 4. Incitement; [obs.] 

PRO-Vo'CA-TiVE, a. Exciting; stimulating; tending to 
awaken or incite appetite or passion. 

PRO-Vo'€A-TlVE, n. Any thing that tends to excite ap- 
petite or passion ; a stimulant. 

PRO-VO'€A-TiVE-NESS, n. The quality of being provo- 
cative or stimulating. 

tPRO-Vo'€A TO-RY, ?!. [Fr. provocatoire.] A challenge 
Cotgrave. 

PRO-VoK'A-BLE, a. That may be provoked. Rawlins. 

PRO-VOKE', v. t. [L. provoco ; Fr. provoquer ; It. provo- 
care ; Sp. prcvocar.] 1. To call into action ; to arouse ; to 
excite. 2. To make angry ; to offend ; to incense ; to en- 
rage. 3. To excite ; to cause. 4. To excite ; to stimu- 
late ; to increase. 5. To challenge. 6. To move ; to in- 
cite ; to stir up ; to induce by motives. Rom. x. 7. To 
incite ; to rouse. 

t PRO-VoKE', V. i. To appeal. Dryden. 

PRO-VoK'ED, (pro-vokt pp. Excited ; roused ; incited ; 
madeangry ; incensed. 

PRO-VoK'ER,ra. 1. One that excites anger or other pas- 
sion ; one that excites war or sedition. 2. That which 
excitej, causes or promotes. Shak. 

PRO-VoK'ING, p;)r. I. Exciting into action ; inciting; in- 
ducing by motives; making angry. 2. a. Having the 
power or quality of exciting resentment ; tending to 
awaken passion. 

PRO-VoK'ING-LY, adv. In such amanner as to excite anger. 

*PRO-VoST', (pro-vo') n. [Sax. profost, profast; Dan. 
provst ; G. probst, propst ; Arm. provost.] A person who 
is appointed to superintend or preside over sometliing ; 
the chief magistrate of a city or town. 

*PRO^VOST-SIIIP, n. The office of a provost. Hakewill. 

*PROW, ?i. [Fr. proue ; It. prua and proda ; Sp. proa.] 1. 
The forepart of a ship. — 2. In seamen^s language, tlie 
beak or pointed cutwater of a xebec or galley. 3. The 
name of a particular kind of vessel used in the East 
Indian seas. 

t PROW, a. Valiant. Spenser. 

PROWESS, 71. [Fr. prouesse ; It.prodezza.] Bravery ; valor ; 
particiilarlv , military bravery; gallantry; intrepidity iu 
war ; fearlessness of danger. 

t PROW'EST, a. [superl. of prow.] Bravest. Spenser. 

PROWL, V. t. To rove over. Sidney. 

PROWL, V. i. 1. To rove or wander, particularly for prey, 
as a wild beast. Milton. 2. To rove and plunder ; to prey ; 
to plunder. 

PROWL, ?(. A roving for prey ; colloquially, something to 
be seized and devoure'd. 

PROWL'ER, n. One that roves about for prey. Thomson. 

PROWL ING, ppr. Wandering about in search of prey or 
plunder. 

PROX'I-MAL. See Proximate. 

PROX'I-MATE, a. [L. prozimus.] Nearest ; next. 

PROX'I-MATE-LY, adv Immediately ; by immediate re- 
lation to or effect on. Bentley. 

t PROX'iME, a. Next ; immediately. Watts. 

PROX-IM'I-TY, n. [Fr. proximite ; L. proximitas.] The 
state of being next ; immediate nearness, either in place, 
blood or alliance. Swift. 

PROX'Y, n. [contracted from procuracy.] 1. The agency 
of another who acts as a substitute for his principal ; agen ■ 
cy of a substitute ; appearance of a representative. 2. 
The person who is substituted or deputed to act for another. 
—3. In popular use, an election or day of voting for offi- 
cers of government. 

PROX'Y-SHIP, n. The office or agency of a proxy. 

'\VFi\JCF, n. [from Prussia.] Prussian leather. Dr^/^ZeK. ' 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; g as Z ; CH as SII ; TH as in this, t Obsolite 



PSA 



ess 



PUB 



PRUDE, n. [Pr. prude ; D. prevtsck.] A woman of great 
reserve, coyness, affected stiffness of manners and scru- 
pulous nicety. Stcift. 

PRU'DENCE, n. [Fr. 5 h. prudentia ; It. prudenza ; Sp. pru- 
denda.] Wisdom applied to practice. Prudence implies 
caution in deliberating and consulting on the most suita- 
ble means to accomplish valuable purposes, and the exer- 
cise of sagacity in discerning and selecting them. Pru- 
dence differs from wisdom in this, that prudence implies 
more caution and reserve than wisdom, or is exercised 
more in foreseeing and avoiding evil, than in devising 
and executing that which is good. It is sometimes mere 
caution or circumspection. 

PRu'DENT, a. I. Cautious ; ciicumspect ; practically wise ; 
careful of the consequences of enterprises measures or 
actions ; cautious not to act when the end is of doubtful 
utility, or probably impracticable. 2. Dictated or directed 
by pmdence. 3. Foreseeing by instinct. 4. Frugal j 
economical. 5. Wise ; intelligent. 

PRU-DEN'TIAL, a. 1. Proceeding from prudence ; dictated 
or prescribed by prudence. 2. Superintending the dis- 
cretionary concerns of a society. JV. England. 

tPRU-DEN-TI-AL'l-TY,n. The quality of being pruden- 
tial ; eligibility, on principles of prudence. Brown. 

PRU-DEN'TIAJj-LY, a(f?). In conformity with prudence; 
prudently. South. 

PRU-DEN'TIALS,?7. plu. 1. Maxims of prudence or prac- 
tical wisdom. 2. The subordinate discretionary concerns 
and economy of a company, society or corporation. JV. 
England. 

PRu'DENT-LY, adv. 1. With prudence ; with due caution 
or circumspection j discreetly ; wisely. 2. With frugality 3 
economically. 

PRu'DER-Y, 71. Affected scrupulousness ; excessive nicety 
in condiict ; stiffness ; affected reserve or gravity ; coyness. 

PRU'DISH, a. [fxam.prude.'] Affectedly grave; very for- 
mal, precise or reserved. Garrick. 

PRUNE, V. t. 1, To lop or cut off the superfluous branches 
of trees, to make them bear better fruit or grow higher, or 
to give them a more handsome and regular appearance. 
?i._ To clear from any thing superfluous ; to dress ; to trim. 

PRuNE, V. i. To dress ; to prink ; a ludicrous word. 

PRtJNE, n. [Fr. prune; ll.,^'^. pruna; Li. prunum.'] A 
plum, or a dried plum. Bacon. 

PRUNED, pp. 1. Divested of superfluous branches ; trim- 
nied. 2. Cleared of what is unsuitable or superfluous. 

PRU'NEL, n. A plant. Amsworth. 

PRU-NEL'LO, n. A kind of stuff of which clergymen's 
gowns are made. Pope. 

PRU-rvEL'LO, n. [Fr. prunelle.] A kind of plum. 

PRuN'ER, n. One that prunes trees or removes what is 
superfluous. 

PRU-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [!•. prunum and fero.] Bearing plums. 

PRuN'ING, ppr. Lopping off superfluous branches ; trim- 
niing ; clearing of what is superfluous. 

PRuN'ING, n. In gardening and agriculture, the lopping off 
the superfluous branches of trees, either for improving the 
trees or their fruit. 

PRuN'ING-HOOK, ) n. An instrument used in pruning 

PRUN'ING-KNIFE, I trees. Dryden. 

PRu'RI-ENCE, I n. [L. pruriens.] An itching, longing 

PRU'RI-EN-CY, ) desire or appetite for any thing. Swift. 

PRu'RI-ENT, a. Itching ; uneasy with desire. Warton. 

PRU-RIG'I-NOUS, a. [L. pruriginosus.'] Tending to an 
itch. GreenhiU. 

PRU-Rl'GO, w. [L.] Itch. Gregory. 

PRuS'SIAN, (pru'shan) a. [from Prussia.] Pertaining to 
Fmssia.— Prussian blue, a combination of iron witJi fer- 
rocyanic acid. 

PRUS'SIATE, n. A salt formed by the union of the prussic 
acid, or coloring matter of prussian blue, with a salifiable 
base. 

PRuS'Sie, a. The prussic acid is a compound of kyanogen 
or cyanogen, prussic gas and hydrogen, and hence called 
hydrocyanic acid. 

PRY, v.i. To peep narrowly ; to inspect closely; to at- 
tempt to discover sometliing with scmtinizing curiosity, 
whether impertinently or not. 

PRY, n. Narrow inspection ; impertinent peeping. Smart. 

PRY, V. t. To raise or attempt to raise with a lever. This 
is the common popular pronunciation of j>rize, in .America. 
The lever used is also called a. pry. 

PRY IKG, ppr. Inspecting closely ; looking into with curi- 
osity. 

PRY'ING-LY, adv. With close inspection or impertinent 
curiosity. 

tR'Y'TANE, ) n. [Gr. -npvravig.] In ancient Greece, a 

PRYT'A-NIS, \ president of the senate of five hundred. 

\It is to be noted that, in words beginning with Ps and Ft, the 
letter p has no sound.] 

PSAL?I (sam) n. [L. psalmus.] A sacred song or hymn ; 
a song composed on a divine subject and in praise of God. 

PSALMIST, 71. 1. A writer or composer of sacred songs ; a 
title particularly applied to David and the other authors 



of the Scriptural psalms.— 2. In the chtrch of Rome^ a 
clerk, precentor, singer or leader of music in the church 

PSAL'MOD-I€ ' ( "" ^^l^^ting t® psalmody. Warton 
PSAL'MO-DIST, n. One who sings holy songs. Hammond. 
PSAL'MO-DY, n. The act, practice or art of singing sacred 
songs. 

PSAL-MOG'RA-PHER, ) n. A writer of psalms or divine 

PSAL-MOG'RA-PHIST, \ songs and hymns. 

PSAL-MOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. ^/a\pos and ypa^w.] The 
act or practice of writing psalms or sacred songs and 
hymns. 

PSAL'TER,n. [L. psalterium ; It., Sp. salterio,] 1. The 
book of- Psalms ; often applied to a book containing the 
Psalms separately printed.— 2. In Romish countries, a 
large chaplet or rosary, consisting of a hundred and fifty 
beads, according to the number of the psalms. 

PSAL'TER-Y, n. [Gr. ■t^/aXTrjpiov.] An instrument of mu- 
sic used by the Hebrews, the form of which is not now 
known. 

PSAM'MITE, n. [Gr. rpaixfiog.] A species of micaceous 
sandstone. Brongniart. 

PSEU'DO, [Gr. xPevSog, false.] A prefix signifying false, 
counterfeit or spurious. 

PSEU'DO- A-POS'TLE, n. A false apostle ; one who falsely 
pretends to be an apostle. 

PSEu'DO-CHl'NA, n. The false China root, a plant of the 
genus smilax, found in America. Encyc. 

PSEu'DO-GA-Le'NA, n. False galena or black jack. 

PSEU'DO-GRAPH, ) n. [Gr. ^^evSos and ypa<bT].] False 

PSEU-DOG'RA-PHY, I writing. 

PSEU-DOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. 4>£v5o\oyia.] Falsehood of 
speech. 

PSEu'DO-ME-TAL'Lie, a. Pseudo-metallic lustre is that 
which is perceptible only when held towards the light. 

PSEU-DO-MORPH'OUS, a. [pseudo, and Gr. ixopcpv] Not 
having thetrue form. 

PSEu'DO-Tl'NE-A, n. In natural history, the name of a 
remarkable species of insect or larva, resembling a moth, 

PSEu'DO-VOL-€AN'I€, a. Pertaining to or produced by a 
pseudo-volcano. Cleaveland. 

PSEu'DO-VOL-€a'NO, n. A volcano that emits smoke 
and sometimes flame, but no lava ; also a burning mine of 
coal. 

PSHAW, exclam. An expression of contempt, disdain or 
djslike. 

PSo'AS, n. [Gr.] The name of two inside muscles of the 
loins. 

PSo'RA, n. [Gr.] The itch. 

PSY-€HO-LOG'I€, ) a. Pertaining to a treatise on the 

FSy-€HO-LOG'I-€AL, \ soul, or to the study of the soul 
of man. Literary Mag. 

PSY-€HOL'0-GY,7?. [Gr. ■i'v;^?? and \oyos.] A discourse 
or treatise on the human soul ; the doctrine of the nature 
and properties of the soul. Campbell. 

PSY-€HOM'A-eHY, n. A conflict of the soul with the 
body. 

PSy'€HO-MAN-CY, m. Divination by consulting the soula 
of the dead. 

PTaR'MI-GAN, n. A fowl of the genus tetrao. 

* PTIS'AN, (tiz'an) n. [L. ptisana.] A decoction of barley 
with other ingredients. Arbuthnot. 

PTOL-E-MA'ie, a. [{xom Ptolemy .] Pertaining to Ptolemy. 
The Ptolemaic system, in astronomy, is that maintained by 
Ptolemy, who supposed the earth to be fixed in the centre 
of the universe. 

PTy'A-LISM, 71. [Gx. T^TuaXiainos.] In TKedJciTie, salivation ; 
an unnatural or copious flow of saliva. Coze. 

PTYS'MA-GOGUE, n. [Gr. -nrvafia and ayw.] A medicine 
that promotes discharges of saliva. Diet. 

PUB'ELE, a. Full ; fat. Grose. 

PU'BER-TY, n. [L. pubertas.] The age at which persons 
are_capable of procreating and bearing children. 

Pu'BeS, n. [L.J In botany, the hairiness of plants; a 
downy or villous substance which grows on plants ; pu- 
bescence. Mart])n. 

PU-BES'CENCE, n. [L. pubescens.] 1. The state of a youth 
who has arrived at puberty ; or the state of puberty. 
Brown.— 2. In botany, hairiness ; shagginess ; the hairy or 
downy substance on plants. 

PU-BES CENT, a. 1. Arriving at puberty. Brown.— 2. In 
botany, covered with pubescence. 

PUB'Lie, a. [L. publicws ; Sp. publico ; It. pubblico ; Fr. 
publiqae.] 1. Pertaining to a nation, state or community ; 
extending to a whole people. 2. Common to many ; cur- 
rent or circulated among people of all classes ; general. 
3. Open ; notorious ; exposed to all persons without re- 
striction. 4. Regarding the community ; directed to the 
interest of a nation, state or community. 5. Open for 
general entertainment. 6. Open to common use . 7. In 
general, public expresses something common to mankind 
at large, to a nation, state, city or town, and is opposed 



* See Synopsis 



E, T, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PlN, MARINE, BIRD :— j Obsolete. 



PUD 



653 



PUG 



to private.— Public law is often synonymous with the 
law of nations. 

PUB'Lie, n. The general body of mankind or of a nation, 
state or community ; the people, indefinitely.— Jn public, 
in open view ; before the people at large ; not in private. 

PUB'LI€-HOUSE, n. A house of entertainment. 

PUBiLl-€AN, n. [L. publicanus.] 1, A collector of toll or 
tribute. 2. The keeper of a public house ; an inn-keeper. 

PUB-LI-€a'TION, 71. [L. publicatio.] 1. The act of pub- 
lishing or offering to public notice ; notification to a people 
at large, either by words, writing or printing ; proclama- 
tion ; divulgation ; promulgation. 2. The act of offering 
a book or writing to the public by sale or by gratuitous 
distribution. 3. A work printed and published; any 
pamphlet or book offered for sale or to public notice. 

f PUB'LI€-HEAK,T'ED, a. Public-spirited. Clarendon. 

PUB'LI-CIST, n. A writer on the laws of nature and na- 
tions ; one who treats of the rights of nations. Kent. 

PUB-LIC'I-TY, K. [Fi. publicite.] The state of being public 
or open to the knowledge of a community ; notoriety. 

PUB'LI€-LY, adv. 1. Openly ; with exposure to popular 
view or notice ; without concealment. 2. In the name 
of the community. 

PUB'LI€-MiND-ED, a. Disposed to promote the public in- 
terest. [Little used.] 

PUB'LI€-MlND'ED-NESS, n. A disposition to promote the 
public weal or advantage. [Little used.] South. 

PUB'LT€-NESS, n. 1. The state of being public, or open 
to the view or notice of people at large. 2. State of be- 
longing to the community. 

PUB'Lie-SPIR'IT-ED, a. 1. Having or exercising a dis- 
position to advance the mterest of the community ; dis- 
posed to make private sacrifices for the public good. 2. 
Dictated by a regard to public good. 

PUB'LI€-SPIR'IT-ED-NESS, n. A disposition to advance 
the public good, or a willingness to make sacrifices of 
private interest to promote the common weal. 

PUB LISH, V. t. [Fr. publier ; Sp. publicar ; It. pubblicare ; 
L. publico.] 1, To discover or make known to mankind 
or to people in general what before was private or un- 
known ; to divulge, as a private transaction ; to promul- 
gate or proclaim, as a law or edict. 2. To send a book 
into the world ; or to sell or offer for sale a book, map or 
print. 3. To utter 5 to put off or into circulation. Laws 
of Mass. 4. To make known by posting, or by readmg 
in a church. 

PUB'LISHED, pp. Made known to the community ; di- 
vulged ; promulgated ; proclaimed. 

PUB'LISH-ER, n, 1. One who makes known what was 
before private or unknown ; one that divulges, promul- 
gates or proclaims. 2. One who sends a book or writing 
into the world for common use ; one that offers a book, 
pamphlet, &c., for sale. 3. One who utters, passes or 
puts into circulation a counterfeit paper. 

PUB'LISH-ING, ppr. Making known ; divulging ; promul- 
gating ; proclaiming ; selling or offering publicly for sale ; 
uttering. 

PUB'LISH-MENT, n. In popular usage in JVew England, a 
notice of intended marriage. 

PU€-€OON', n. A plant, a species of sanguinaria; the 
blood-root. Fam. of Plants. 

PUCE, a. Of a dark brown color. Q,u. 

PU'CEL-AGE, n. [Fr.] A state of virginity. [Little used.] 
Robinson. 

Pu'CE-RON, n. [Fr.] The name of a tribe of small insects ; 
the aphis, vine-fretter, or plant-louse. 

PU€K, n. [Ice., Sw. puke ; Scot, puck.] A demon ; a mis- 
chievous spirit. Shak. 

PU€K'-BALL, or PU€K'-FIST, n. [from puck.] A kind 
of mushroom full of dust. Diet. 

PU€K'ER, V. t. [Sp. buche.] To gather into small folds or 
wrinkles ; to contract into ridges and furrows ; to corru- 
gate. 

PU€K'ER, n. A fold or wrinkle, or a collection of folds. 

PU€K ERED, pp. Gathered in folds : wrinkled. 

PU€KER-ING, ppr. Wrinkhng. 

PUD'DER, n. [this is supposed to be the same as pother.] 
A tumult ; a confused noise ; a bustle. [ Vulgar.] Locke. 

PUD'DER, V. i. To make a tumult or bustle. Locke. 

PUD'DER, V. t. To perplex ; to embarrass ; to confuse ; 
vulgarly, to bother. Locke. 

PUD'DING, n. [W. poten ; Fr. boudin ; G,, Dan. pudding ; 
Sw. puding.] 1. A species of food of a soft or moderately 
hard consistence, variously made, but iisually a com- 
pound of flour, or meal of maize, with milk and eggs, 
sometinles enriched with raisins and called plum-pudding. 
2. An intestine. Shak. 3. An intestine stuffed with 
meat, &c. now called a sausage. 4. Proverbially, food 
or victuals. 

PUD'DING, or PUD'DEN-ING, n. In seamen's language, 
a thick wreath or circle of cordage, tapering from the 
middle towards the ends, and fastened about the mast 
below the trusses, to prevent the yards from falling down 
when the ropes sustaining them are shot away. 



PlJD'DIJNiG-GRASS, n. A plant of the genus mentha 

PUD'DING-GROSS, n. A plant. Qu. Johnson. 

P?JD'DING-PiE, n. A pudding with meat baked in it. 

P]fJD'DING PIPE-TREE, n. A plant of the genus cassia. 

PIJD'DING-SLEEVE, n. A sleeve of the full dress clerical 
gown. Swift. 

PJJD'DING-STONE, n. Conglomerate ; a coarse sandstone 
composed of silicious pebbles, flint, &;c, united by a cem- 
ent. Cleaveland. 

PUD DING-TlME, n. 1. The tun^ of dinner, pudding be- 
ing formerly the first dish set on the table, or rather first 
eaten. 2. The nick of time ; critical time. 

PUD'DLE, n. [Ir. boidhlia ; G. pfiltze.] A small stand of 
dirty water ; a muddy plash, .dddison. 

PUD'DLE, V. t. 1. To make foul or muddy ; to pollute 
with dirt ; to mix dirt and water. 2. To make thick or 
close. 

PUD'DLE, V. i. To make a dirty stir. Junius. 

PUD DLED, pp. Made muddy or foul. 

PUD'DLING, ppr. Making muddy or dirty. 

PUD'DLY, a. Muddy ; foul ; dirty. Carew. 

PUD'DOCK, or PUR'ROCK, n. [foi paddock, or parrock.^ 
A small inclosure. [Provincial in England.] 

Pu'DEN-CY, n. [L pudens.] Modesty j shamefacednesH 
Shak. 

PU-DEN'DA, n.plu. [L.] The parts of generation. 

PU'DIC, } a. [L. pudicus.] Pertaining to the parts which 

PU'DI-€AL, \ modesty requires to be concealed. 

PU-DIC'I-TY, n. [Fr. pudicite ; L. pudicitia.] Modesty ; 
chastity. Howell. 

PuE'-FEL-LoW. See Pew-fellow. 

Pu'E-RlLE, a. [Fr. ; L. puerilis.] Boyish : childish ; tri- 
fling ; as, apuerile amusement. Pope 

PU-E-RIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. puerilite ; L. puenlitas.] 1. Child- 
ishness ; boyishness ; the manners or actions of a boy j 
that which is trifling. — 2. In discotirse, a thought or ex- 
pression which is flat, insipid or childish. 

PU-ER'PE-RAL, a. [L. 2-uerpera.] Pertaining to child- 
birth ; as, a puerperal fever. 

PU-ER'PE-ROUS, a. [L. puerperus.] Bearing children; 
lying in. 

Pu'ET. SeePEWET, 

PUFF, n. [D.pofj G., Dan. puff.] 1. A sudden and single 
emission of breath from the mouth ; a quick forcible blast 
a whiff. 2. A sudden and short blast of wind. 3. A 
fungous ball filled with dust. 4. Any thing light and 
porous, or something swelled and light. 5. A substance 
of loose texture, used to sprinkle powder on the hair. 6. 
A tumid or exaggerated statement or commendation. 
Gibber. 

PUFF, V. i. [G.puffen; B. poffen.] 1. To drive air from 
the mouth m a single and quick blast. 2. To swell the 
cheeks with air. 3. To blow, as an expression of scorn or 
contempt. 4. To breathe with vehemence, as after vio- 
lent exertion. 5. To do or move with hurry, agitation 
and a tumid, bustling appearance. 6. To swell with air ; 
to dilaie or inflate. 

PUFF, V. t. 1. To drive with a blast of wind or air. 2. To 
swell ; to inflate ; to dilate with air. 3. To swell ; to 
inflate ; to blow up. 4. To drive with a blast in scorn or 
contempt. 5. To praise with exaggeration. 

PUFF'-BALL, n. A fungus or mushroom full of dust. 

PUFFED, "jj/?. Driven out suddenly, as air or breath ; blown 
up ; swelled with air ; inflated with vanity or pride ; 
praised. 

PUFF'ER, n. One that puffs ; one that praises with noisy 
commendation. 

PUFF'IN, 71. 1. A water-fowl of the genus alca or auk. 2. 
A kind of fish. 3. A kind of fungus with dust ; a fuzzball 

PUFF'IN-AP-PLE, n. A sort of apple so caHed. 

PUFF'I-NESS, n. State or quality of being turgid. 

PUFF'ING, ppr. Driving out the breath with a single, sud- 
den blast ; inflating ; praising pompously. 

PUFF'ING-LY, fldy. ]. Tumidly ; with swell. 2. With 
vehement breathing or shortness of breath. 

PUFF'Y, a. 1. Swelled with air or any soft matter ; tumid 
with a soft substance. 2. Tumid ; turgid ; bombastic. 

PUG, n. [Sax., Ew.piga; Dan. ^i^e.] The name given to 
a little animal treated with familiarity, as a monkey, or 
a little dog. 

tPUG'GERED, for puckered. More 

PUGH, exclam. A word used in contempt or disdain. 

PU'GIL, n. [It. pugillo ; Fr. pugile ; L. pugillum.] As 
much as is taken up between the thumb and two first 
fingers. Bacon. 

PU'GIL-ISM, n. [li.,^T^.pugil,] The practice of boxing or 
fighting with the fist. 

PU'GIL-IST, n. A boxer ; one who fights with his fists. 

PU-6IL-IS'TI€, a. Pertaining io boxing or figl^ting with 
the fist. 

PUG-Na'CIOUS, a. [L. pugnax.] Disposed to fight ; in- 
clined to fighting; quarrelsome; fighting. More. 

PUG-NAC'I-TY, n. Incliaarion to fight ; quarrelsomeness 
[Little used.] Bacon. 



■■ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z j CH as SH ; TII as in this, t Obsolete 



PUL 



654 



PUN 



PCIS'NE, (pu'ny) a [Fr. pvis and ne.] 1. In laic^ younger 
or inferior in rank 2. Later in date ; [o&s.l Hale. 

* PU'IS-SANCE, n. [Fr.] Power; strength; might; force. 
Milton. 

•PD'IS-SANT, a. Powerful; strong; mighty; forcible. 
Milton. 

* Pd'IS-SANT-LY, adv. Powerfully ; with great strength. 

PUKE, ?;. i. [Heb. p3 ; L. vacm.] To vomit ; to eject from 
the stomach. Shak. 

PUKE, 71. A vomit ; a medicine which excites vomiting. 

PUKE, a. Of a color between black and russet. Shak. 

PUKED, pp. Vomited. 

PuK'ER, 71. A medicine causing vomiting. 

PuK'ING, ppr. Vomiting. 

PUL'€HRI-TUDE, n. [L. pulchritudo.] 1. Beauty; hand- 
someness ; grace ; comeliness ; that quality of form which 
pleases the eye. 2. Moral beauty ; those qualities of the 
mind which good men love and approve. 

PULE, V. i. [Fr. piauler.] 1. To ciy like a chicken. 2. 
To whine ; to cry as a complaining child ; to whimper. 

PD'LI€, 71. A plant. Ainsworth. 

t Pd'LI-€OSE, ; a. [L. pulicosus.'] Abounding with fleas. 

t PU'LI-€0US, \ Diet. 

PUL'ING, ppr. Crying like a chicken ; whining. 

PuL'ING, n. A cry, as of a chicken ; a whining. 

PuL'ING-LY, adv. With whining or complaint. 

Pu'Ll-OL, 71. A plant. Ainsworth. 

PULK'HA, 11. A Laplander's traveling sled or sleigh. 

PjjLL, V. t. [Sax. pullian.'] 1. To draw ; to draw towards 
one, or to make an effort to draw. Pull differs from draw ; 
we use draw when motion follows the effort, and pull is 
used in the same sense ; but we may also pull forever 
without drawing or moving the thing. This distinction 
may not be universal. Pull is opposed to push. 2. To 
pluck ; to gather by drawing or forcing off or out. 3. To 
tear ; to rend ; but in lliis sense followed by some qualifj^- 
ing word or phrase. 

To pull down. I. To demolish or to take in pieces by separ- 
ating the parts. 2. To demolish ; to subvert ; to destroy. 
3. To bring down; to degrade ; to humble. — To pull off, 
to separate by pulling ; to pluck ; also, to take off without 
force. — To pull out, to draw out ; to extract. — To pull zip, 
to pluck up ; to tear up by the roots ; hence, to extii-pate ; 
to eradicate ; to destroy. 

PULL, 71. 1. The act of pulling or drawing with force ; an 
effort to move by drawing towards one.- 2. A contest ; a 
struggle. 3. Pluck; violence suffered. 

PULL'BA€K, n. That which keeps back, or restrains from 
proceeding. 

PULLED, pp. Drawn towards one ; plucked. 

t PULL'EN, 71. [Fr. poule ; L. pidlus.] Poultry. Bailezj. 

PULL'ER, n. One that pulls. Shak. 

PiJLL'ET, 71. [Fr. poulet ; It. polio ; L. pullus.] A young 
hen or female of the gallinaceous kind of fowls. 

PULL'EY, n. ; pZw. Pulleys. [Fr. poulie ; Sp. polla ; L. 
polus.] A small wheel turning on a pin in a block, with a 
furrow or groove in which runs the rope that turns it. 

PUL'LI-€AT, 71. A kind of silk handkerchief. 

PIJLL'ING, ppr. Drawing ; making an effort to draw ; 
plucking. 

PUL'LU-LATE, v. i. [L. pullulo.j To germinate ; to oud. 

PUL-LU-La'TION, 71. A germinating or budding; the 
first shooting of a bud. More. 

PUL'MO-NA-RY, a. [L. pulmonarius.] Pertaining to the 
lungs ; affecting the lungs. 

PUL'MO-NA-RY, n. [L. pulmonaria.] A plant, lungwort. 

PUL-MON'ie, a. [Fr. pulmonique.] Pertaining to the lungs; 
affecting the lungs. 

PUL-]\ION'I€, n. 1. A medicine for diseases of the lungs. 
2. One affected by a disease of the lungs. Arbuthnot. 

PULP, n. [Fr. pulpe; L..pulpa.] 1. A soft mass. 2. The 
soft substance within a bone ; marrow. 3. The soft, 
succulent, part of fruit. 4. The aril or exterior covering 
of a coffee-berry. 

PULP, V. t. To deprive of the pulp or integument, as the 
coffee-berry. 

PUL'PIT, 71. [L. pulpitum ; It., Sp. pulpito ; Fr. pupitre.] 
i. An elevated place or inclosed stage in a church, in 
which the preacher stands. It is called, also, a desk. — 2. 
In the Roman theatre, the pulpitum was the place where 
the players performed their parts, lower than the scena, 
and higher than the o?-cAest?-a. 3. A movable desk, from 
which disputants pronounced their dissertations, and au- 
thors recited their works. 

PUL'PJT-EL'0-aUENCE, or PUL'PIT-OR'A-TO-RY, n. 

Eloquence or oratory in delivering sermons. 
P1jL-PIT'I-€AL-LY, in Chesterfield, is not an authorized 

word. 
PUL'PIT-OE'A-TOR, n. An eloquent preacher. 
PtJLP'OUS, a. Consisting of pulp or resembling It ; solt 

like pap. Philips. 
f ULP'OUS-NESS, 71. Softness ; the quality of being pulp- 
ous. 



PULP'Y, a. Like pulp; soft; fleshy ; succulent. Rap 

PULS'ATE, V. i. [L. pulsatus.] To beat or throb. 

PULS'A-TlLE, a. [L. pulsatilis.] That is or may be struck 
or beaten ; played by beating. Mus. Diet. 

PUL-Sa'TION, n. [L, pulsatio.] 1. The beating or throb- 
bing of the heart or of an artery, in the process of carrying 
on the circulation of the blood. — 2. In law, any touching 
of another^s body willfully or in anger. 

PULS'A-TlVE, a. Beating ; throbbing. Encyc. 

PUL-Sa'TOR, n. A beater ; a striker. Diet. 

PULS'A-TO-RY, a. Beating ; throbbing, as the heart. 

PULSE, (puis) 71. [L. pulsus; Fr. pouls.] 1. In animals, 
the beating or throbbing of the heart and arteries ; inore 
particularly, the sudden dilatation of an artery, caused by 
the projectile force of the blood, which is perceptible to 
the touch. 2. The stroke with which a medium is af- 
fected by the motion of light, sound, &c. ; oscillation ; 
vibration. — To feel one^s pulse, metaphorically, \o sound 
one's opinion ; to try or to know one's mind. 

PULSE, V. i. To beat, as the arteries. [Little used.] Ray. 

PULSE, V. t. [L. pulso.] To drive, as the pulse. [L. u.] 

PULSE, n. [qu. L. pulsus.] Leguminous plants or their 
seeds ; as beans, peas, &c. Dryden. 

PUL-SIF'I€, a. [puZse, and L./acio.] Exciting the pulse ; 
causing pulsation. Smith. 

PUL'SIOJN, 71. [from Ju. pulsus.] The act of driving for- 
ward ; in opposition to suction or traction. [L. u.] More. 

PUL-Ta'CEOUS, a. [from Gr. TioXrog ,• L. puis.] Macer- 
ated ; softened ; nearly fluid. Beddoes. 

PUL'TISE, n. [Ij.pultis.] A poultice. Burton. 

PUL'VER-A-BLE, a. [L. pulvis.] That may be reduced to 
fine powder ; capable of being pulverized. 

PUL'VER-ATE, v. t. To beat or reduce to powder or dust. 

?SL™:Si:,|'^-^i^^^«f^^'-iiia 

PUL-VER-I-Za'TION, 71. [from pulverize.] The act of re- 
ducing to dust or powder. 

PUL'VER-IZE, ?j. t. [It. polverizzare ; Fr. pulveriser.] To 
reduce to fine powder, as by beatine, grinding, &c. 

PUL'VER-lZED, pp. Reduced to fine" powder. 

PUL'VER-lZ-ING, ppr. Reducing to fine powder. 

PUL'VER-OUS, a. Consisting of dust or powder; like 
powder. 

PUL-VER'U-LENCE, n. Dustmess ; abundance of dust or 
powder. 

PUL-VER'U-LENT, a. 1. Dusty ; consisting of fine pow- 
der ; powdery. 2. Addicted to lying and rolling in the 
dust, as fowls. 

PUL'VIL, n. A sweet-scented powder. [L. u.] Gay. 

t PUL'VIL, V. t. To sprinkle with a perfumed powder. 

PD'MA, n. A rapacious quadruped of America. 

* PUM'iCE, 71. [Li. pumex ; D, puimsteen.] A substance 
frequently ejected from volcanoes, of various colors, gray 
white, reddish-brown or black ; hard, rough and porous 
specifically lighter than water, and resembling the slag 
produced in an iron furnace. 

* PUM'iCE-STONE, n. The same as pumice. 
PU-Mi"CEOUS, a. Pertaining to pumice; consisting of 

pumice or resembling it. 

PUM'MEL. See Pommel. 

PUMP, 71. [Fr. po7npe ; B. pomp ; Ban. pomp e.] 1. A hy- 
draulic engine for raismg water. 2. A shoe with a thin 
sole. Swift. 

PUMP, v.i. To work a pump ; to raise water with a pump. 

PUMP, V. t. 1. To raise with a pump. 2.' To draw out by 
artful interrogatories. 3. To examine by artful questions 
for the purpose of drawing out secrets. 

PUMP '-Bolts, n. Two pieces of iron, one used to fasten 
the pump-spear to the brake, the other as a fulcrum for 
the brake to work upon. 

PUMP'-BRaKE, 71. The arm or handle of a pump. 

PUMP'-DaLE, n. A long wooden tube, used to convey the 
water from a chain-pump across the ship and through the 
side. 

PUMP'ER^ n. The pei-son or the instrument that pumps. 

PUMP'-GeAR, 71. The materials for fitting and repairing 
pumps. 

PUMP'-HOOD, 7?. A semi-cylindrical frame of wood, cov- 
ering the' upper wheel of a chain-pump. 

PUMP'ION, n. [D. pompoen ; Sw. pomp.] A plant and its 
fruit, of the genus cucurbita. 

PUMP'KIN, 71. A pompion. [ This is the convmon orthogra- 
phy of the_word in the United States.] 

PUMP -SPeAR, n. The bar to which the upper box of a 
pumr is fc-stened, and which is attached to the brake or 
handle. Mar. Diet. 

PUN, 71. [qu. W. pun.] An expression in which a word 
has at once different meanings ; an expression in which 
two different applications of a word present an odd or 
ludicrous idea ; a kind of quibble or equivocation ; a low 
species of wit. 

PUN, V. i. To quibble ; to use the same word at once in 
different senses. Dryden. 

PUN, V. t. To persuade by a pun. Addison. 



"^ce Synopsis. A, E, I, C, tj, ■?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



PUN 



655 



PUR 



t UNCH, n. [W. pwnc ; Arm. poengonn ; Fr. poingon ; Sp. 
punzon.] An instrument of iron or steel, used in several 
arts for perforating holes in plates of metal, and so con- 
trived as to cut out a piece. 

PUNCH, 71. [Sp. ponche ; G. punsch.] A drink composed of 
water sweetened with sugar, with a mixture of lemon- 
juice and spirit. Swift. 

PUNCH, n. The buffoon or harlequin of a puppet-show. 
See Punchinello. 

PUNCH, n. 1. A well-set horse with a short back, thin 
shoulders, broad neck, and well covered with flesh. 2. A 
short, fat fellow. 

PUNCH, V. t. [Sp. punzar ; W. pynciaw : L. pungo.] 1. To 
perforate with an iron instrument, either pointed or not. 
— 2. In popular usage, to thrust against with something 
obtuse. 

PUNCH'BoWL, m. A bowl in which punch is made, or 
from which it is drank. 

PUNCHED, pp. Perforated wdth a punch. 

PUNCH'EON, (puuch'un) n. [Ft. poingon.] 1. A small piece 
of steel, on the end of which is engraved a figure or letter, 
in creux or relievo, with which impressions are stamped 
on metal or other substance ; used in coinage, in forming 
the matrices of types, and in various arts. — 2. In carpen- 
try, a piece of timber placed upright between two posts, 
whose bearing is too great, 3. A measure of liquids, or a 
cask containing usually 120 gallons. 

PUNCH'ER, n. 1. One that punches. 2. A punch or per- 
forating instrument. 

PUN-CHI-NEL'LO, n A punch j a buffoon. Tatler. 

PUNCH'ING, ppr. Perforating with a punch ; driviisg 
against. 

PUNCH'Y, a. Short and thick, or fat. 

PUNCTATE, ) a. [L. punctus.] 1. Pointed.— 2. In bot- 

PUN€'TA-TED, j any, perforated ; full of small holes. 

PUN€'TI-FORM, a. [L. punctum, and form.] Havmg the 
form of a point. Ed. Encyc. 

PUN€-TIL'iO, (punk-til'yo) w. \^^.puntilla; It. puntiglio.] 
A nice point of exactness in conduct, ceremony or pro- 
ceedijig ; particularity or exactness in forms. Addison. 

PUNC-TIL'IOUS, (punk-til'yus) a. Very nice or exact in 
the forms of behavior, ceremony or mutual intercourse ; 
very exact in the observance of rules prescribed by law or 
custom ; sometimes, exact to excess. Rogers. 

PUN€-TIL'IOUS-LY, adv. With exactness or great nicety. 

PUN€-TIL'IOUS-NESS, n. Exactness in the observance 
of forms or rules ; attentive to nice points of behavior or 
ceremony. 

FUNCTION, n. [L. punctio.] A puncture. 

PUNCTO, n. [Sp., It. pMwio; lu. punctum.] 1. Nice point 
of form or ceremony. 2. The point in fencing. 

PUNCT'U-AL, a. [Fx. ponctuel ; It. puntuale jBp.puntuaL] 

1. Consisting in a point ; [l.u.] 2. Exact; observant of 
nice points ; punctilious, particularly in observing time, 
appointments or promises. 3. Exact. 4. Done at the 
exact time. 

PUNCT'U-AL-IST, n. One that is very exact in observing 

forms and ceremonies. Milton. 
PUN€T-U-AL'I-TY, n. 1. Nicety ; scrupulous exactness. 

2. It is now used chiefly in regard to time. 
PUNCT'U-AL-LY, adv. Nicely ; exactly ; with scrupulous 

regard to time, appointments, promises or rules. 

PUNCT'U-AL-NESS, n. Exactness ; punctuality. Felton. 

PUN€T'U-ATE, v. t. [Fr. ponctuer.] To mark with points; 
to designate sentences, clauses or other divisions of a 
writing by points, which mark the proper pauses. 

PUN€T'U-A-TED, pp. 1. Pointed. Fourcroy. 2. Having 
the divisions marked with points. 

PUN€T'U-A-TING, ppr. Marking with points. 

PUN€T-U-A'TION, n. In grammar, the act or art of point- 
ing a writing or discourse. 

t PUNCT'U-LATE, v. t. [L. punctulum.] To mark with 
small spots. Woodward. 

PUNCT'URE, n. [lu. punctura ; It. puntura.] The act of 
perforating with a pointed instrument; or a small hole 
made by it. Rambler. 

PUNCT'URE, V. t. To prick ; to pierce with a small, point- 
ed instrument. 

PUNCT'URED, pp. Pricked ; pierced with a sharp point. 

PUN€T'U-RING, ppr. Piercing with a sharp point. 

PUN'DIT, n. [Persic] In Hindostan, a learned Bramin ; 
one versed ni the Sanscrit language, and in the science, 
laws and religion of that country. 

• PUN'DLE, n. A short and fat woman. Aiiisworth. 

PUN'GAR, n. A fish. Ainsworth. 

PUN'GEN-CY, n. [It.pungens.] I. The power of pricking 
or piercing. 2. That quality of a substance which pro- 
duces the sensation of pricking, or affecting the taste like 
minute sharp points ; sharpness ; acridness^ 3. Power to 
pierce the mind or excite keen reflections or remorse. 4. 
Acrimoniousness ; keenness. 

PUN'GENT, a. [L. pungens.] 1. Pricking ; stimulating. 

2. Acrid ; affecting the tongue like small, sharp points. 

3. Piercing ; shaip. 4. Acrimonious ; biting. 



[ PUN'6ER, v. t. To puz2B.e ; to confound. Cheshire Oloss. 

PU'NI€, a. [Lu Punicv^.] Pertaining to the Carthaginians ; 
faitluess; treacherous; deceitful; as, Punic faith. 

PU'NI€, n. The ancient language of the Carthaginians, of 
which Plautus has left a specimen. Asiat. Res. 

t PU'NiCE, n. A wall -louse ; a bug. Ainsworth. 

PU-Nl"CEOUS, a. llu.puniceus.] Purple. Diet. 

PU'NI-NESS, m. Littleness ; pettmess ; smallness with feo- 
bleness. 

PUN'ISH, v.t. [Arm. punigza ; Fr.punir,punissant; It 
punire ; Sp. punir; from L. punio.] 1. To pain ; to afflict 
with pain, loss or calamity for a crime or fault. 2. To 
cheistise. 3. To reward with pain or suffering inflicted 
on the offender. 

PUN'ISH-A-BLE, a. 1. Worthy of punishment. 2. Liable 
to punishment; capable of being punished by law or 
right. 

PUN'ISH-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of deserving or 
being liable to punishment. 

PUN'ISHED, pp. Afflicted with pain or evil as the retribu- 
tion of a crime or offense ; chastised. 

PUN'ISH-ER, 7t. One that inflicts pain, loss or other evil 
for a crime or offense. Milton. 

FVN'ISH-ING, ppr. Afflicting with pain, penalty or suffer- 
ing of any kind, as the retribution of a crime or offense. 

PUN'ISH-MENT, n. Any pain or suffering inflicted on a 
person for a crime or offense, by the authority to which 
the offender is subject, either by the constitution of God 
or of civil society. 

PU-NI"T.ION, 71. [Fr.; L. punitic] Punishment. [L. u.] 

PU'NI-TlVE, a. [It. punitivo.] Awarding or inflictmg pur- 
jshment ; that punishes. Hammond. 

PU'NI-TO-RY, a. Punishing or tending to punishment 

PUNK, n. A prostitute ; a strumpet. Shak. 

PUN'NER, 71. A punster, which see. Steele. 

PUN'NING, ppr. Using a word at once in different senses. 

PUN'NING, 71. The art or practice of using puns. 

PUN'STER, 71. One that puns or is skilled in punning ; a 
quibbler; a low wit. Arbuihnot. 

PUNT, V. i. To play at basset and ombre. Addison. 

PUNT, 72. [Sax. punt; Ij. pons.] A flat-bottomed boat used 
in calking and repairing ships. Mar. Diet. 

PUNT'ER, 71. One that plays in basset against the banker 
or dealer. Encyc. 

Pu'NY, a. [contracted from Fr. puisne.] I. Properly, young 
or younger; hut in this sense not used. 2. Inferior, 
petty ; of an under rate ; small and feeble. 

Pu'NY, n. A young, inexperienced person ; a novice. South. 

PUP, V. i. To bring forth whelps or young, as the female of 
the canine species. 

PUP, n. A puppy. 

Pu'PA, n. [L. pupa.] In natural history, an insect in that 
state in which it resembles an infant in swaddling 
clothes. 

PU'PIL, n. [L. pupilla.] The apple of the eye. 

Pu'PIL, n. [Fr. pupille ; L. pupillus.] 1. A youth or scholar 
of either sex under the care of an instructor or tutor. 
2. A ward ; a youth or pereon under the care of a guar- 
dian. — 3. In the civil law, a boy or girl under the age of 
pubert}'. 

Pu'PIL-AGE, 71. 1. The state of being a scholar, or under 
the care of an instructor for education and discipline. 
2. Wardship ; minority. In this latter sense, the Scots 
use pupil arity. Beattie. 

Pu'PIL-A-RY, a. [Fr. pupillaire ; L, pupillaris.] Pertaining 
to a pupil or ward. Johnson. 

PU-PIV'0-ROUS, a. [pupa, and L. voro.] Feeding on the 
larvas and crysalids of insects. S. L. Mitchill. 

PUP'PET, n. [Fr. poupee ; L. pupus.] I. A small image in 
the human form, moved by a wire in a mock drama ; a 
wooden tragedian. 2. A doll. 3. A word of contempt. 
Shak. 

PUP'PET-MAN, or PUP'PET-MAS-TER, n. The master 
of a puppet-show. Swift. 

PUP'PET-PLaY-ER, n. One that manages the motions of 
puppets. Hales. 

PUP'PET-RY,_7i. Affectation. Marston. 

PUPTET-SHoW, 71. A mock drama performed by wooden 
images moved by wires. Swift. 

PUP'PY, 71. 1. A whelp ; the young progeny of a bitch or 
female of the canine species.— 2. Applied to persons, a 
name expressing extreme contempt. Addison. 

PUP'PY, V. i. To bring forth whelps. 

PUP'PY-ISM, n. 1. Extreme meanness. 2. Extreme affec- 
tation. Todd. 

PUR, V. i. To utter a low, munnuring, continued sound, asj 
a cat. 

PUR, V. t. To signify by purring. Oray. 

PUR, «. The low, murmuring, continued sound of a cat. 

PU-Ra'NA, 71. Among the Hindoos, a sacred poem or book 
Asiat. Res. 

PU-RAN'I€, a. Pertaining to the sacred poems of the Hin- 
doos. Asiat. Res. 

PUR'BECK-STONE, n. A hard sand-stone. Mchclson 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE j— BTJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z •, CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



PUR 



656 



PUR 



PUR'BLiND, a. [said to be from pore and hlind.'] Near- 
sighted or dim-sighted j seeing obscurely. Shak. 
PLTR'BLlND-NES'S, n. Shortness of sight j near-sighted- 
ness ; dimness of vision. 
PUR'CHAS-A-BLE, a. [from purchase.'] That may be 

bought, purchased or obtained for a consideration. 
PUR'CHASE, V. t. [Ft. pourchasser.'] 1. In its primary and 
legal sense, to gain, obtain or acquire by any means, ex- 
cept by descent or hereditary right. — 2. In common usage, 
to buy 3 to obtain property by paying an equivalent in 
money. Ii differs from barter only in the circumstance, 
that in purchasing, the price or equivalent given or secur- 
ed is money J in bartering, the equivalent is given in 
goods. 3. To obtain by an expense of labor, danger or 
other sacrifice. 4. To expiate or recomptense by a fine or 
forfeit. 5. To sue out or procure, as a writ. 
PUR'CHASE, V, i. In seamen's language, to draw in. 
PUR'CHASE, n. [Norm., Fr. pourchas, or purchas.] 1. In 
law, the act of obtaining or acquiring the title to lands 
and tenements by money, deed, gift or any means, ex- 
cept by descent ; the acquisition of lands and tenements 
by a man's own act or agreement. — 2. In law, the suing 
out and obtaining a writ. — 3. In common usage, the ac- 
quisition of the title or property of any thing by rendering 
an equivalent in money. 4. That which is purchased ; 
any thing of which the property is obtained by giving an 
equivalent price in money. 5. That which is obtained by 
labor, danger, art, &c. 6. Formerly, robbery, and the 
thing stolen. 7. Any mechanical power or force applied 
to the raising or removing of heavy bodies. 

PUR 'CHASED, pp. 1. Obtained or acquired by one's own 
act or agreement. 2. Obtained by paying an equivalent 
in money. 3. Obtained by labor, danger, art, &c. 

PUR'CHASE-M6N-EY, n. The money paid for any thing 
bought. Berkeley. 

PUR'CHAS-ER, n. 1. In law, one who acquires or obtains 
by conquest or by deed or gift, or in any manner other 
than by descent or inheritance. 2. One who obtains orac- 
quii-es the property of any thing by paying an equivalent 
in money. 

PUR'CHAS-ING, ppr. Buying ; obtaining by one's own act 
or for a price. 

PURE, a, [L, purus; It., Sp. pure ; Fr. pur.] 1. Separate 
from all heterogeneous or extraneous matter ; clear ; free 
from mixture. 2. Free from moral defilement ; without 
spot ; not sullied or tarnished ; incorrupt ; undebased by 
moral turpitude ; holy. 3. Genuine ; real ; true ; incor- 
rupt; unadulterated. 4. Unmixed; separate from any 
other subject or from every thmg foreign. 5. Free from 
guilt ; guiltless ; innocent. 6. Not vitiated with improper 
or coiTupt words or phrases. 7. Disinterested. 8. Chaste. 
9. Free from vice or moral turpitude. Tit. i. 10. Cere- 
monially clean; unpolluted. Ezra vi. 11. Free from any 
thing improper. 12. Mere ; absolute ; that and that only ; 
unconnected with any thmg else. 

\'PI}RE,v. t. To purify ; to cleanse. Chaucer. 

PuRE'LY, adv. 1. In a pure manner ; with an entire sepa- 
ration of heterogeneous or foul matter. Is. i. 2. Without 
any mixture of improper or vicious words or phrases. 3. 
Innocently ; without guilt. 4. Merely ; absolutely ; with- 
out connection with any thing else ; completely ; totally. 

PuRE'NESS, n. 1. Clearness ; an unmixed state ; separation 
or freedom from any heterogeneous or foreign matter. 
2. Freedom from moral turpitude or guilt. 3. Simplicity ; 
freedom from mixture or composition. 4. Freedom from 
vicious or improper words, phrases or modes of speech. 

PURE VIL'LEN-AGE, in the feudal laic, is a tenure of 
lands by uncertain services at the will of the lord. Black- 
stone. 

\ PUR'FiLE, n. [Fr. pourfilee.] A sort of ancient trimming 
for women's gowns, made of tinsel and thread, called 
also bobbin work. 

\ PUR'FLE, V. t. [Fr. pour filer ; It. profilare.] To decorate 
with a wrought or flowered border ; to embroider. Milton. 

PUR'FLE, In. 1. A border of embroidered work. — 2. In 

PUR'FLEW, ) heraldry, ermins, peans or furs which 
compose a bordure. 

PURG'A-MENT, n. [L. purgdmen.] A cathartic. Bacon. 

PUR-GA'TION, n. [Fr.; L. purgatio.] 1. The act or oper- 
ation of cleansing or purifying by separating and carrying 
off impurities or whatever is superfluous. — 2. In late, the 
act of cleansing from a crime, accusation or suspicion of 
guilt. 

PURG'A-TiVE, a. [It. purgativo ; Fr. purgatif.] Having 
the power of cleansing ; usually, having the power of 
evacuatiri^g the bov/els ; cathartic. 

PURG'A-TlVE, n. A medicine that evacuates the bowels ; 
a cathartic. 

FulGlt^g'lJlN, i^- Pertaining to purgatory. Mede. 

PURG'A-TO-RY, a. [L. purgatoriiLs.] Tending to cleanse ; 
cleansing ; expiatory. Burke. 

FiJRG'A-TO-RY, n. [Fr. purgatoire.] Among Catholics, a 
' place or state after death, in which the souls of 



persons are purified, or in which they expiate such of- 
fenses committed in this life, as do not merit eternal 
damnation. 

PURGE, (purj) V. t. [L. purgo : Fr. purger ^ Sp. pur gar ■ 
It. purgare.] 1. To cleanse or purify by separating and 
carrying off whatever is impure, heterogeneous, foreign 
or superfluous. 2. To clear from guilt or moral defile- 
ment. 3. To clear from accusation or the charge of a 
crime, as in ordeal. 4. To remove what is offensive ; to 
sweep away impurities. 5. To clarify ; to defecate ; as 
liquors. 

PURGE, V. i. I. To become pure by clarification. 2. To 
have frequent or preternatural evacuations by stool 

PURGE, n. A medicine that evacuates the body by stool ; a 
cathartic. Arbuthnot. 

PURGED, pp. Purified; cleansed; evacuated. 

PURG'ER, n. 1. A person or thing that purges or cleanses. 

2. A cathartic. 

PURG'ING, ppr. Cleansing ; purifying ; carrying off impu- 
rities or superfluous matter. 

PURG'ING, n. A diarrhea or dysentery ; preternatural 
evacuation by stool ; looseness of bowels. 

PU-RI-FI-€a'TION, n. [Fr.; 1,. purificatio.] 1. The act of 
purifying ; the act or operation of separating and remo- 
ving from any thing that which is heterogeneous or for- 
eign to it. — 2. In religion, the act or operation of cleansing 
ceremonially, by removing any pollution or defilement. 

3. A cleansing from guilt or the pollution of sin ; the ex- 
tinction of sinful desires, appetites and inclinations. 

PU-RIF'I-CA-TlVE, I a. Having power to purify : tend- 

PU-RIF'I-CA-TO-RY, \ ing to cleanse. 

Pu'RI-Fi-ER, n. That which purifies or cleanses ; a clean- 
ser ; a refiner. 

Pu'RI-FORM, a. [L. pus, purls and form.] Like pus ; in 
the form of pus. Med. Repos. 



pus. 

PU'RI-FY, V. t. [Fr. purifier ; L. purifico.] 1. To make 
pure or clear ; to free from extraneous admixture. 2. To 
free from pollution ceremonially ; to remove whatever 
renders unclean and unfit for sacred services. 3. To free 
from guilt or the defilement of sin. 4. To clear from im- 
proprieties or barbarisms. 

PCfRI-F^, V. i. To grow or become pure or clear. Burnet. 

Pu'RI-FY-ING, ppr. Removing foreign or heterogeneous 
mattery cleansing from pollution ; fining ; making clear. 

Pu'RI-FY-ING, n. The act or operation of making pure, 
or of cleansing from extraneous matter or from pollution. 

Pu'RIM, n. Among the Jews, the feast of lots, instituted to 
commemorate their deliverance from the machinations of 
Haman. Esth. ix. 

Pu'RIST, 71. [Fr. puriste.] One excessively nice in the use 
of words. Johnson. 

PU'RI-TAN, 71. [fromj?Mre.] A Dissenter from the church 
of England. 

PtJ'RI-TAN, a. Pertaining to the Puritans, or Dissenters 
from the church of England. Sanderson. 

PU-RI-TAN'I€, ) a.l'ertaining to the Puritans or their 

PU-RI-TAN'I-€AL, \ doctrines and practice ; exact ; 
rigid. 

PU-RI-TAN'I-€AL-LY, adv. After the manner of the Pu- 
ritans. 

PU'RI-TAN-ISM, 71. The notions or practice of Puritans. 

Pu'RI-TAN-iZE, V. i. To deliver the notions of Puritans. 

Pu'RI-TY, n. [Fr. purite ,• L. puritas.] i Freedom from 
foreign admixture or heterogeneous matter. 2. Clean- 
ness; freedom from foulness or dht. 3. Freedom from 
guilt or the defilement of sin ; innocence. 4. Chastity ; 
freedom from contamination by illicit sexual connection. 
5. Freedom from any sinister or improper views. 6. Free- 
dom from foreign idioms, from barbarous or imjVoper 
words or phrases. 

PURL, n. [supposed to be contracted from purfle. Qu.] 1 
An embroidered and puckered border. 2. A kind of edg- 
ing for bone-lace. 

PURL, 71. A species of malt liquor ; ale or beer medicated 
with wormwood or aromatic herbs. Johnson. 

PURL, 71. Two rounds in knitting. 

PURL, V. i. [Sw. porla ; W. freulaw.] 1. To murmur, as a 
small stream flowing among stones or other obstructions 
which occasion a continued series of broken sounds. 2. 
To flow or run with a murmuring sound. 

PURL, V. t. To decorate with fringe or embroidery, 

PURL, n. A gentle, continued mmmur of a small stream of 
ripplingwater. 

PUR'LIEu, (pur'lu) n. [Fr. pur, pure, and lieu, place,] A 
border ; a limit ; a certain limited extent ni district. 

PUR'LIN, n. In architecture, a piece of timber extending 
from end to end of a building or roof, 

PURL'ING, ppr. Murmuring or gurgling, as a brook. 

PURL'ING, 7t, The continued gentle murmur of a small 
stream. 

PUR-LOIN', V. t. [Fr, pour and loin.] 1, Literally-, to take 
or carry away for one's self; hence, to steal ; to take by 
thefl. 2. To take by plagiarism ; to steal from books or 
manuscripts. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, T, o, U, 1?, long.—FATX, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. 



PUR 



657 



PUS 



rUR-LOIN', V. i. To practice theft. Tit. ii. 
PUR-IiOIN'ED, (pur-loind') pp. Stolen j taken by plagia- 
rism. 
PUR-LOIN'ER, 71. A thief; a plagiary. 
PUR-LOIN'ING, ppr. Stealing ; committing literary theft. 
PUR-LOIN'ING, n. Theft ; plagiarism. 
PURTAR-TY, n. [Fr. pour and partie.] In law, a share, 
part or portion of an estate, which is allotted to a co-par- 
cener by partition. Cowel. 
PTJR'PLE, a. [Fr. pourpre ; L. purpureus ; Sp. purpurea ; 
It. porporino.) 1. Designating a color composed of red and 
blue blended, much admired, and formerly the Roman 
emperors wore robes of this color. — 2. In poetry, red or 
livid ; dyed with blood. 
PUR'PLE, n. 1. A purple color or dress ; hence, imperial 

government in the Roman empire 2. A cardinalate. 
PUR'PLE, V. t. [L. purpuro.] To make purple, or to dye 
of a red color. Milton. 

PUR'PLES, n. plu. Spots of a livid red on the body ; livid 
eruptions which appear in certain malignant diseases j a 
purple fever. 
PIJR'PLISH, a. Somewhat purple. Boyle. 
PUR'PoRT, n. [Fr. pour and porter.'] 1. Design or tenden- 
cy. Morris. 2. Meaning ; import. 

PUR'PoRT, V. t. 1. To intend ; to intend to show. Bacon. 
2. To mean ; to signify. 

PUR'PoRT-ED, pp. Designed ; intended ; meant. 

PURToRT-ING, ;7/?r. Designing; intending; importing. 

PUR'POSE, n. [Fr. propos ; Sp., It. proposito.] 1. That 
which a person sets before himself as an object to be 
reached or accomplishes • the end or aim to which the 
view is directed in any pla^ measure or exertion. 2. In- 
tention ; design. This sense, however, is hardly to be 
distinguished from the former. 3. End ; effect ; conse- 
quence, good or bad. 4. Instance ; example ; [o&s.] 5. 
Convi 'sation ; [obs.] — Of purpose, on purpose, with pre- 
vious design ; with the mind directed to that object, 

PURTOSE, V. t. To intend; to design; to resolve; to de- 
termine on some end or object to be accomplished. 

PURTOSE, V. i. To have an intention ; to have a design, 
Ps. xvii. To discourse. Spenser. 

PUR'POSED, jpp. 1. Intended; designed. 2, Resolved; 
having formed a design or resolution ; applied to persons. 

PUR'POSE-LESS, a. Having no effect, [L, u.] Hall. 

PUR'POSE-LY, adv. By design ; intentionally ; with pre- 
determination. Atterbury. 

PUR'PRES-TURE, n. [Fr. pour and prendre, pris.] In law, 
a nuisance, consisting in an inclosure of or encroachment 
on something that belongs to the public. 

PUR PRiSE, n. [Fr, pourpris.] A close or inclosure ; also, 
the whole compass of a manor. Bacon. 

PURPU-RATE, n. A compound of purpuric acid and a 
salifiable base. Ure. 

PUR'PURE, n. In heraldry, purple, represented in engra- 
ving by diagonal lines. Encyc. 

PUR'PU-R1€, a. Purpuric acid is produced by the action 
of nitric acid upon the lithic or uric acid. Dr. Prout. 

PURR, V. i. To nmrmur as a cat. See Pur. 

PURR, n. A sea lark, Ainsworth. 

PURRE, 71, Ciderkin or perkin, Encyc. 

PUR'RING, ppr. Murmuring as a cat, 

PURSE, (purs) n. [Fr. bourse ; It. borsa ; D, beurs ; G. 
borse ; Dan. bors.j 1. A small bag in which money is 
contained or carried in the pocket. 2. A sum of money 
offered as the prize of winning in a horse race, — 3. In 
Turkey, a sum of money, about $222. 4. The public 
coffers ; the treasury, — Lojig purse, or heavy purse, 
wealth ; riches. — Light purse, or empty purse, poverty, or 
want of resources, — Sword and purse, the military power 
and wealth of a nation, 

PURSE, v.t. 1. To put in a purse. Milton. 2. To con- 
tract into folds or wrinkles, Shak. 

PUKSED, pp. 1. Put in a purse. 2. Contracted into folds or 
wrinkles, 

PURSE'NET, (purs'net) n. A net, the mouth of which may 
be closed or drawn together like a purse. Mortimer. 

PURSE'-PRlDE, n. Pride of money ; insolence proceeding 
from the possession of wealth. Hall. 

PURSE'-PROUD, a. Proud of wealth ; puffed up with the 
possession of money or riches, 

PURS'ER, n. In the navy, an officer who has charge of the 
provisions of a ship of "war, and attends to their preserva- 
tion and distribution among the officers and crew, 

PURS'I-NESS. A mistake for pt5^7iess. See Pussy. 

PUR'SIVE-NESS. The same as pursiness. 

PURS'LAIN, 71. [It. porcellana.] A plant of the genus 
portulaca. Lee. 

PURS'LAIN-TREE, n. [L. halimus.] A shrub proper for 
hedges. 

PUR-Su'A-BLE, a. That may be pursued, followed or pros- 
ecuted. Sherwood. 

I'UR-Su'ANCE, n. 1. A following ; prosecution, process or 
continued exertion to reach or accomplish something. 
2. Consequence. 



PUR-StJ'ANT, a. [Fr. poursuivant.] Done in consequence 
or prosecution of any thing ; hence, agreeable, conform- 
able. _ 

PUR-SuE', V. t. [Fr. poursuivre.] 1. To follow; to go or 
proceed after or in a like direction. 2. To take and pro- 
ceed in, without following another. 3. To follow with a 
view to overtake ; to follow with haste ; to chase. 4. To 
seek ; to use measures to obtain. 5. To prosecute ; to 
continue. 6. To follow as an example ; to imitate. 7. To 
endeavor to attain to ; to strive to reach or gain. 8. To 
follow with enmity ; to persecute. 

PUR-SuE', V. i. To go on ; to proceed ; to continue ; a 
Gallicism. 

PUR-Su'ED, (pur-sude')i»^. Followed ; chased ; prosecuted ; 
continued. 

PUR-SU'ER, n. One that follows ; one that chases ; one 
that follows in haste with a view to overtake. Shak. 

PUR-Su'ING, ppr. Following; chasing; hastening after to 
overtake ; prosecuting ; proceeding in ; continuing. 

PUR-SuIT', 71. [Fr. poursuUe.] 1. The act of following with 
a view to overtake ; a following with haste, either for 
sport or in hostility. 2. A following with a view to reach, 
accomplish or obtain ; endeavor to attain to or gain. 3 
Proceeding; course of business or occupation ; continued 
employment with a view to some end. 4. Prosecution ; 
continuance of endeavor. 

PUR'SUI-VANT, (pur'swe-vant) n. [Fr. poursuivant.] A 
state messenger; an attendant on the heralds. Spenser. 

PURS'Y, a corrupt orthography. See Pussy. 

PUR'TE-NANCE, n. [L, pertinens.] Appurtenance ; but 
applied to the pluck of an animal. Ex. xii. 

PU'RU-LENCE, I n. [L. purulentus.] The generation of 

Pu'RU-LEN-CY, \ pus or matter ; pus. Arbuthnot. 

Pu'RU-LENT, a. Consisting of pus or matter , partaking 
of the nature of pus. Bacon. 

PUR-VEY', V. t. [Fr. pourvoir j L. provideo.] 1. To pro- 
vide ; to provide with conveniences. 2. To procure. 

PUR-VEY', V. i. To purchase provisions ; to provide. Mil- 
ton. 

PUR-VEY'ANCE, n. I. Procurement of provisions or vict- 
uals. 2. Provision ; victuals provided. — 3. In English 
laws, the royal prerogative or right of pre-emption" by 
which the king was authorized to buy provisions and ne- 
cessaries for the use of his household at an apprized 
value. 

PUR-VEY'OR, n. 1. One who provides victuals, or whose 
business is to make provision for the table ; a victualer. 

2. An officer who formerly provided or exacted provision 
for the king's household. England. 3. One who provides 
the means of gratifying lust; a procurer; a pimp; a 
bawd. Dry den. 

PUR'VIEW, (pur'vu) n. [Norm. Fr. pourveu, purvieu.] 1 
Primarily, a condition or proviso ; [obs.] 2. The body of 
a statute, or that part which begins with ^^ Beit enacted," 
as distinguished from the preamble. Cowel. — 3. In modern 
usage, the limit or scope of a statute ; the whole extent 
of its intention or provisions. Marshall. 4. Superintend- 
ence. Ramsay. 5. Limit or sphere intended ; scope ; ex- 
tent. Madison. 

PUS, n. [L.] The white or yellowish matter generated in 
ulcers and wounds in the process of healing. 

PUSH, V. t. [Fr. pousser ; D. puis.] 1. To press against 
with force ; to drive or impel by pressure ; or to endeavor 
to drive by steady pressure, without striking ; opposed 
to draw. 2. To butt ; to strike with the end of the horns ; 
to thrust the points of horns against. 3. To press or urge 
forward. 4. To urge ; to drive. 5. To enforce ; to press ; 
to drive to a conclusion. 6. To importune ; to press with 
solicitation; to tease. — To push down, to overthrow by 
pushing or impulse. 

PUSH, V. i. 1. To make a thrust ; as, to push with the 
horns or with a sword. Addison. 2. To make an effort, 

3. To make an attack. 4. To burst out. — To push on, to 
drive or urge forward ; to hasten. 

PUSH, 71, 1, A thrust with a pointed instrument, or with 
the end of a thing, 2, Any pressure, impulse or force ap- 
plied, 3, An assault or attack. 4. A forcible onset ; a 
vigorous effort. 5. Exigence ; trial ; extremity. 6. A 
sudden emergence. 7. A little swelhng or pustule; a 
wheal ; a pimple ; an eruption. 

PUSHED, pp. Pressed ; urged ; driven, 

PUSH'ER, 71. One that drives forward. 

PUSH'ING, ppr. 1. Pressing ; driving ; urging forward. 
2. a. Pressing forward in business ; enterprising ; driv- 
ing ; vigorous, 

PUSH'PIN, 71, A child's play in which pins are pushed al- 
ternately, L'Estrange. 

PU-SIL-LA-NIM'I-TY, n. [Fr. pusillanimite ; L. pusilla- 
nimitas.] Want of that firmness an'd strength of mind 
which constitutes courage or fortitude ; weakness of spir- 
it ; cowardliness. 

PU-SIL-LAN'I-MOUS, a. [Fr. pusillanime ; It. pusillanimo.] 
1. Destitute of that strength and firmness of mind which 
constitutes courage, bravery and fortitude ; being of weak 



» See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE. 

42 



.€asK; 6as J; SasZj CHasSH; TH as in this t ObsolUt 



PUT 



658 



FYG 



courage ; mean-spirited ; cowardly. 2. Proceeding from 
weakness of mind or want of courage : feeble. 

PU-SIL-LAN'I-MOUS-LY, adv. With want of courage. 

PU-SIL-LAN'I-MOUS-NESS, n. Pusillanimity ; want of 
courage. 

PIJSS, n. np. poes; Ir. pus.] 1. The fondling name of a 
eat. 2. The sportsman's name for a hare. 

PUS'SI-NESS, 71. A state of being swelled or bloated ; in- 
flation; hence, shortness of breath. 

PUS'SY, a. [Fr. poussif.] Properly, inflated ; swelled ; 
hence, fat, short and thick ; and as persons of this 
make labor in respiration, the word is used for short- 
breathed. 

PUS'TU-L ATE, V. t. [L. pustulatus.] To form into pustules 
or blisters. Stackhouse. 

*PUS'TULE, (pus'l, or pus'tiil) n. [Fr. pustule ; L. pustu- 
la.] A pimple or wheal ; a small push or eruption on the 
skin Arbuthnot. 

PCJS'TU-LOUS, a. [L. pustulosus.] Full of pustules or 
pimples. 

PIJT, V. t. ; pret. and pp. put. [D. pooten ; W. pwtian, and 
.] 1. To set, lay or place. 2. Put is applicable to 



state or condition as well as to place ; as, put him in a condi- 
tion to help himself. 3. To repose. 4. To push into action. 
5. To apply ; to set to employment. 6. To throw or intro- 
duce suddenly. 7. To consign to letters. 8. To oblige ; 
to require. 9. To incite ; to instigate ; to urge by influ- 
ence. 10. To propose. 11. To reacli to another. ^fl&. ii. 
12. To bring into a state of mind or temper. 13. To ofler ; 
to advance. 14. To cause. 
To put about, to turn ; to change the course ; to gibe ship. — 
To put by. 1. To turn away ; to divert. 2. To thrust 
aside. — To put down. 1. To baffle ; to repress ; to crush. 

2. To degrade ; to deprive of authority, power or place. 

3. To bring into disuse ; [obs.] 4. To confute ; to silence. — 
To put forth. 1. To propose ; to offer to notice. 2. To ex- 
tend; to reach. 3. To shootout: to send out, as a sprout. 4. 
To exert ; to bring into action. 5. To publish, as a book. — 
ropwt 171. 1. To introduce among others. 2. To insert. 3. 
To conduct into a harbor. — To put in fear, to affrighi ; to 
make fearful. — To put in mind, to remind ; to call to remem- 
brance. — To put in practice, to use ; to exercise. — To put 
into another^ s hands, to trust ; to commit to the care of. — 
To put off. 1. To divest; to lay aside. 2. To turn aside 
from a purpose or demand ; to defeat or delay by artifice. 

3. To delay ; to defer ; to postpone. 4. To pass falla- 
ciously ; to cause to be circulated or received. 5. To dis- 
card. 6. To recommend ; to vend ; to obtmde. 7. To 
vend ; to sell. 8. To passjnto other hands. 9. To push 
from land. — To put on or upon. 1. To impute ; to charge. 
2. To invest with, as clothes or covering. 3. To assume. 

4. To forward ; to promote ; [o&s.] 5. To impose ; to 
inflict. — To be ptit upon, to be imposed on ; to be deceiv- 
ed. — To put over. 1. To refer; to send. 2. To defer; 
to postpone.— To put out. 1. To place at interest ; to lend 
at use. 2. To extinguish. 3. To send ; to emit ; to 
shoot. 4. To extend; to reach out; to protrude. 5. To 
drive out ; to expel ; to dismiss. 6. To publish ; to make 
public ; [vulgar.'] 7. To confuse ; to disconcert ; to in- 
terrupt. — To put out the eyes, to d'^stroy the power of 
sight; to render blind.— T'o put to. J. To add ; to unite. 
2. To refer to ; to expose. 3. To punish by ; to distress 
by.-^Toput to it, to distress ; to press hard ; to perplex ; 
to give difiiculty to. — To be put to it, in the passive form, 
to have difiiculty. — To put the hand to. 1. To apply ; to 
take hold ; to begin ; to undertake. 2. To take by theft 
or wrong ; to embezzle.— To put to the sword, to kill ; to 
slay.— To put to death, to kill.— To put to a stand, to stop ; 
to arrest by obstacles or difficulties. — To put to trial, or on 
trial. 1. To bring before a court and jury for examina- 
tion and decision. 2. To bring to a test ; to try. — To put 
ton-ether. 1. To unite in a sum, mass or compound; to 
add. 2. To unite ; to connect. 3. To place in company 
or in one society. — To put trust in, to confide in; to re- 
pose confidence in. — To put up. 1. To pass unavenged; 
to overlook ; not to punish or resent. Addison. 2. To 
send forth or shoot up, as plants ; [obs.] 3. To expose ; 
to offer publicly. 4. To start from a cover [obs.] 5. To 
hoard. 6. To reposit for preservation. 7'. To pack ; to 
reposit in casks with salt for preservation. 8. To hide or 
lay aside. 9. To put in a trunk or box ; to pack. 

PUT, V. i. 1. To go or move ; [obs.] 2. To steer. 3. To 
shoot ; to germinate. 

To put forth. 1. To shoot ; to bud ; to germinate. 2. To 
leave a port or haven.— To put in. 1. To enter a harbor ; 
to sail into port. 2. To offer a claim. —To put in for, to 

offer one's self; to stand as a candidate for To put off, 

to leave land. — To put on, to urge motion ; to drive vehe- 
mently. — To put over, to sail over or across. Abbot. — To 
put to sea, to set sail ; to begin a voyage ; to advance into 
the ocean. — To put up. i. To take lodgings; to lodge; 
as, we pzcf T/p at the Golden Ball. 2. To offer one's self 
as a candidate.— To put up to, to advance to; [little 
used.]— To put up with. 1. To overlook or suffer without 



recompense, punishment or resentment. 2. To tafco 
without opposition or dissatisfaction. 

PUT, 77. 1. An action of distress; as, a forced put. L'E- 
strange. 2. A game at cards. 

PUT, 71. [qu. W.^Kt, a short, thick person.] A rustic; a 
clown. 

PUT, 71. [Fr. putain ; W. putan ; It. putta, puttano ; Sp. 
puta.] A strumpet ; a prostitute. 

Put case, for put the case, suppose the case to be so ; a vul- 
gar phrase. Burton. 

Pu'TA6E, 71. In law, prostitution or fornication on the part 
of a female. Cowel. 

Pu'TAN-ISM, n. [Fr. putanisme.] Customary lewdness or 
prostitution of a female. 

PU'TA-TlVE, a. [Fr.putatif; It. putativo.] Supposed; re 
puted ; commonly thought or deemed. 

PU'TID, n. [L. putidus.] Mean ; base ; worthless. 

PU'TID-NESS, 71. Meanness ; vileness. ' 

PUT'LOG, n. A short piece of timber used in scaffolds. 

PUT'-OFF, n. An excuse ; a shift for evasion or delay. 

PU-TRED'I-NOUS, a. [L. putredo.] Proceeding from pu- 
trefaction, or partaking of the putrefactive process ; hav- 
ing an offensive smell. Flayer. 

PU-TRE-FA€'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. putref actio.] A natural 
process by which animal and vegetable bodies are disor- 
ganized and dissolved. 

PU-TRE-FA€'TIVE, a. 1. Pertaining to putrefaction. 2. 
Tending to promote putrefaction ; causing putrefaction. 

PD'TRE-FiED,p;>. Dissolved; rotten. 

PU'TRE-PY, V. t. [Fr. putrefier ; L, putrefacio.] 1. To 
cause to dissolve ; to disorganize and reduce to the sim- 
ple constituent elements, as animal or vegetable bodies ; 
to cause to rot. 2. To corrupt ; to make foul ; [I. u.] 3. 
To make morbid, carious or gangrenous. 

Pu'TRE-FY, V. i. To dissolve and return to the origina. 
distinct elements ; to rot. 

PU-TRES'CENCE, 71. [Ju. putrescens.] The state of dissolv- 
ing, as an animal or vegetable substance ; a putrid state. 

PU-TRES'CENT, a. 1. Becoming putrid; passing from an 
organized state into the constituent elements. 2. Pertain- 
ing to the process of putrefaction. 

PU-TRES'Cl-BLE, a. That may be putrefied ; liable to be- 
come putrid. Ramsay, Hist. 

PU'TRID, a. [Fr. putride ; L. putridus.] 1. In a state of 
dissolution or disorganization, as animal and vegetable 
bodies ; corrupt ; rotten. 2. Indicating a state of dissolu- 
tion ; tending to disorganize the substances composing the 
body ; malignant. 3. Proceeding from putrefaction or 
pertaining to it. 

PU'TRID-NESS, or PU-TRID'I-TY, ti. The state of being 
putrid; conuption. Floyer. 

PU-TRI-FI-€a'TION. n. State of becoming rotten. 

fPU'TRY, a. Rotten.' Marston. 

PUT'TER, n. One who puts or places. ^Estrange. 

PUT'TER-ON, n. An inciter or instigator. Shak. 

PUT'TING, ppr. [from^^Mt.] Setting; placing; laying. 

piJT'TING-STONE, n. In Scotland, a stone laid at the 
gates of great houses for trials of strength. Pope. 

PUT'TOe, 71. A kite. Spenser. 

PUT'TOe-SHROUDS, n. Probably a mistake for futtoc- 
shrouds. 

PUT'TY, n. [Sp., Port, potea.] 1. A kind of paste or cem- 
ent compounded of whiting and lintseed oil, beaten or 
kneaded to the consistence of dough, used in fastening 
glass in sashes and in stopping crevices. 2. A powder of 
calcined tin, used in polishing glass and steel. 

PUY. See Pot. 

PUY'-BALD. See Pie-bald. 

PUZ'ZLE, V. t. 1. To perplex ; to embarrass ; to put to a 
stand ; to gravel. 2. To make intricate ; to entangle. 

PUZ'ZLE, V. i. To be bewildered ; to be awkward. 

PUZ'ZLE, 71. Perplexity ; embarrassment. Bacon. 

PUZ'ZLED, pp. Perplexed ; intricate ; put to a stand. 

PUZ'ZLE-HEAD-ED, a. Having the head full of confused 
notions. Johnson. 

PUZ'ZLER, n. One that perplexes. 

PUZ'ZLING, ppr. Perplexing ; embarrassing ; bewildering. 

PUZ'ZO-LAN, ) n. A loose, porous, volcanic substance 

PUZ-ZO-La'NA, I or stone. 

PYO'NITE, n. [qu. Gr. TivKvog.] A mineral. 

PY€'N0-STyLE, n. [Gr. nvKvos and otd^oj.] In ancient 
architecture, a buUdmg where the columns stand very 
close to each other. 

PyE, n. A confused mass ; the state of printing types when 
the sorts are mixed. 

PYE, 71. A bird. See Pie. 

P^'GARG, \ n. [Gr. r.vyagyoi.] A fowl of the genus 

PY-GAR'GUS, \ falco. 

*PYG'ME-AN, a. Pertaining to a pigmy or dwarf; very 
small; dwarfish. Milton. 

PYG'MY, n. [Fr. pygmee ; It. pigmeo ; L. pygmmus.] A 
dwarf ; a person not exceeding a cubit in height. 

PYG'MY, V. t. To dwarf; to make little. A. Wood. 



ised.]—To put up with. 1. To overlook or suffer without PYG'MY, z). t. To dwarf ; to make little. ./3. W7bo<Z. 
* See S2/7iopsw. A E, I, O, ©, Y, Ung.—FKB., FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. 



QUA 



659 



QUA 



PYL'A-GORE, n. [Gr. nvlayopas.] In ancient Greece, a 
delegate or representative of a city, sent to the Amphic- 
tyonic council. 

PY-LOR'I€, a. Pertaining to the pylorus. 

PY-Lo'RUS, n. [Gr. nuXwpoj .] The lower and right orifice 
of the stomach. Coze 

PY'OT. See Piet. 

PYR'A-€ANTH, n. [Gr. vv^aKavOa.] A plant.. 

PY-RAL'LO-LITE, n. [Gr. nv^, aXXos and XtOos.] A min- 
eral found in Finland. 

PYR'A-MID, m. [Fr. pyramide ; It. piramide ; L. pyramis.] 
A solid body standing on a triangular, square or polygonal 
base, and terminating in a point at the top ; or, in geome- 
try, a solid figure consisting of several triangles, whose 
bases are all in the same plane, and which have one com- 
mon vertex. 

PY-RAM'I-DAL, a. [Fr. pyramidale ] Pyramidical. 

PYR-A-MID'iSaL, I "• Having the form of a pyramid. 

PYR-A-MID'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the form of a pyramid. 

PY-RAM'I-DOID, or PYR'A-MOID, a. [pyramid, and Gr. 
eiSos.] A solid figure, formed by the rotation of a semi- 
parabola about its base or greatest ordinate. 

PYR'A-MIS, n. [L.] A pyramid. Bacon. 

Pyre, n. [L. pyra. ] A funeral pile ; a pile to be burnt. 

PYR'E-NITE, 71. A mineral found in the Pyrenees. 

PYR-E-TOL'0-GY, n. [Gr. nvpETos and Xoyos ] A discourse 
or treatise on fevers, or the doctrine of fevers. 

PYR'GOM, n. A mineral, called also fas salt e. 

PYR'I-FORM, a. [lu. ptjrum, and form.] Having the form 
of a pear. Gregory. 

PYR-I-Ta'CEOUS, a. Pertaining to pyrites. Lavoisier. 

*PY-Rl'TES, ) n. [Gr. nvpirrn, from Tri;p,fire.] Fire-stone; 

PYR'ITE, \ a genus of inflammable substances com- 
posed of sulphur and>iron or other metal ; a sulphuret of 
iron or other metal. 

PY-RIT'I€, PY-RITI-OAL, or PYxi'I-TOUS, a. Pertain- 
ing to pyrites ; consisting of or resembling pyrites. 

PYR-I-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [pyrites, and L./ero, to produce.] 
Containing or producing pyrites. 

PYR'I-TIZE, V. t. To convert into pyrites. Ed. Encyc. 

PYR-I-TOL 0-GY, n. [pyrites, and Gr. Xoyos.] A discourse 
or treatise on pyrites. Fourcroy. 

PYR'OGOM, 7i. A variety of diopside. Ure. 

PY-ROL'A-TRY, n. [Gr. nup and Xarpeia.] The worship 
of fire. Young. 

P^-RO-LIG'NE-OUS, PY-RO-LIG'NI€, or PY-RO-LIG'- 
NOUS, a. [Gr. TTUjj, and L. Zt>neMs.] Generated or procur- 
ed by the distillation of wood. 

PY-RO-LIG'NITE, 71. A salt formed by the combination of 
pyroligneous acid with another substance. 

PY-R0-LITHI€, a. [Gr. nup and Xt0o?.] The pyrolithic 
acid is obtained from the silvery white plates which sub- 
lime from uric acid concretions, when distilled in a retort. 

PY-ROL'0-GIST, 71. A believer in the doctrine of latent 
heat. Black 

P1f-R0L'0-6Y, 71. [Gr. nvp and \oyos.] A treatise on heat ; 
or the natural history of heat, latent and sensible. 

PY-ROM'A-LATE, n. A compound of malic acid and a 
salifiable base. Ure. 

PY-RO-Ma'LI€, a. [Gr. nvp, and Jj. malum.] The pyroma- 
lic acid is a substance obtained by distillation from the 
malic acid. 

* Py'RO-MAN-CY, n. [Gr rrvp and jxavTeia.] Divination 
by fire. Encyc. 



PYR-0-MAN'TI€, a. Pertaining to pyromancy. 

PYR-0-MAN'T1€, 71. One who pretends to divine by fire 

PY-ROM'E-TER, n. [Gr. nvp and ixerpov.] 1. An instru 
ment for measuring the expansion of bodies by heat. 2 
An instrument for measuring degrees of heat above those 
jndicated by the mercurial thermometer. 

PY-RO-Mu'CITE, 71. A combination of pyromucous acid 
with another substance. 

P-Y-R0-MU'€0US, a. [Gr. nvp, and L. mucus.] The pyro- 
mucous acid IS obtained by the distillation of sugar. 

PYR'OPE, n [Gr. Trupwrrof.] A mineral. 

PYR'O-PHANE, 71. [Gr. i:vp and (pavos.] A mineral. 

PY-ROPH'A-NOUS, a. Rendered transparent by heat. 

PY-ROPH'O-ROUS, a. Pertaining to pyrophorus. 

PY-ROPH'0-RUS, 71. [Gr. nvp and cpwpos.] A substance 
which takes fire on exposure to air, or which maintains 
or retains light. 

PY-RO-PHYS'A-LITE. See Topaz and Physalite. 

PY-ROR'THITE, n. A mineral resembling orthite. 

PYR'O-SeOPE, n. [Gr. nvp and oKoneu).] An instrument 
for measuring the pulsatory motion of the air, or tlie in- 
tensity of heat radiating from a fire. 

PY-ROS'MA-LITE, n. A mineral of a liver-brown color. 

PYR-0-TaR'TA-RI€, ) a. [Gr. nup, and tartar.] Denot 

PYR-0-TAR'TA-ROUS, \ ing an acid obtained by distil- 
ling pure tartrite of potash. 

PYR-0-TAR'TRITE, n. A salt formed by the combination 
of pyrotartarous acid with another substance. 

PYR-0-TE€H']\ie, } a. [Gr. irvp and Teyvr;.] Pertain- 

PYR-0-TE€H'NI-€AL, j ing to fire-works or the art of 
forming them. 

PYR-0-TE€H'NI€S, or * PYRiO-TE€H-NY, n. The art 
of making fire-works; or the science which teaches the 
management and application or fire in its various opera 
tions, in gunnery, rockets, &c. 

PYR-0-TE€H'NIST, n. One skilled in pyrotechny. 

PY-ROT'I€, a. [Gr. i:vpou).] Caustic. See Caustic. 

PY-ROT'I€, 71. A caustic medicine. 

PYR'OX-ENE, n. [Gr. nvp and ^evos.] Augite ; a species 
of minerals of the class of stones. 

PYR-OX-EN'I€, a. Pertaining to pyroxene, or partaking of 
its qualities. Humboldt. 

PYR'RHIC, n. [li.pyrrhichius.] 1. In poetry, a foot consist- 
ing of two short syllables. 2. An ancient military dance. 

PYR'RHIN, 71. [Gr. nvpivog.] A vegeto-animal substance. 

PYR-RHON'I€, a. Pertaining to Pyrrhonism. 

PYR'RHO-NISM, n. [from Pyrrho, the founder of the scep- 
tics.] Scepticism ; universal doubt. 

PYR'RHO-NIST, n. A sceptic ; one who doubts of every 
thing. 

PYTII-A-Go'RE-AN, n. A follower of Pythagoras, the 
founder of the Italic sect of philosophers. 

PYTH-A-GOR'fcf ^' I '^- belonging to the philosophy of 

PYTH-A-GOR'I-€AL, ) Pythagoras. 

PY-THAG'O-RISM, n. The doctrines of Pythagoras. 

PYTH'I-AN, a. [from Pythia.] Pertaining to the priestess 
of Apollo, who delivered oracles. 

PY'THO-NESS, 71. [from L. Pytho.] A sort of witch ; also, 
the female or priestess who gave oracular answers at Del 
phi, in Greece. 

PY-THON'I€, a. Pretending to foretell future events. 

PYTH'O-NIST, n. A conjurer. 

PYX, n. [L. pyxis; Gr. Ttv^ii.] The box in which the Cath- 
olics keep the host. Cranmer. 



Q. 



a is the seventeenth letter of the English Alphabet ; an 
articulation borrowed from the oriental koph or qoph. 
It is supposed to be an articulation more deeply guttural 
than that of K ; indeed it might have been pronounced 
as we pronounce qu ; for we observe that, in the Latin 
language, from which the moderns have borrowed the 
letter, it is always followed by u, as it is in English. Q, 
never ends an English word. Its name, cue, is said to be 
from the French queue, a tail. 

As a numeral, Q, stands for 500, and, with a dash, Q., for 
500,000. 

Among mathematicians, Q,. E. D. stands for quod erat de- 
monstrandum, which was to be demonstrated. 

In English, Q,. is an abbreviation for question. 

Q.UAB, 71. [G. quappe ; D. kwab ; Dan. qvabbe.] A fish of 
Russian rivers, which delights in clear water 

Q.UA-CHIL'TO, 71. A Brazilian fowl of the moor- hen kmd. 

QiUAGK,v.i. [D. kwaaken j G. quaken jjian. qvakker.] 



1. To cry like a duck or goose. King. 2. To boast; to 
bounce ; to talk iioisily and ostentatiously. 

dUACK, 71. I. A boaster; one who pretends to skill or 
knowledge which he does not possess. 2. A boastful 
pretender to medical skill which he does not possess ; an 
empiric ; an ignorant practitioner. 

CIUA€K'ER-Y, n. The boastful pretensions or mean prac- 
tice of an ignoramus, particularly in medicine ; empiri- 
cism. 

dUACK'ISH, a. Like a quack; boasting of skill net pos- 
sessed ; trickish. Burke. 

aUACK'ISM, 71. The practice of quackery. Jish. 

ClUAC'KLE, V. i. To almost choke ; to sufibcate. 

aUAC'KLED, or aUACK'ENED, a. Almost choked or 
suflTocated. 

aUA€K'SALV-ER, n. [Sw. qvacksalfvare.] One who 
boasts of his skill in medicines and salves ; a chailatan. 

t aUAD, a. [D. kwaad.] Evil ; bad. Gower. 



*See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 a» J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



QUA 

Q.UAD'BA-6ENE, n. [L. quadrageniJ] A papal indulgence 
multiplying remissions by forties. Taylor. 

QLJAD-RA-6ES'I-MA, n. [L. quadragesimus.] Lentj so 
called because it consists of forty days. Encyc. 

aiJAD-RA-6ES'I-MAL, a. Belonging to Lent; used in 
Leit. Sanderson. 

aUAD-RA-GES'I-MALS, n. plu. Offerings formerly made 
to the mother church on mid-lent Sunday. 

Q,UAD'E,AN-GLE, n. [L. quadratus and angulus.] In ge- 
ometry, a quadrilateral figure ; a square ; a figure consist- 
ing of four sides and four angles. 

aUAD-RAN'GU-LAR, a. 1. Square ; having four sides and 
four angles. — 2 In botany, having four prominent angles. 

aUAD'RANT, n. [L. quadrans.] 1. The fourth part ; the 
quarter.— 2. In geometry, the quarter of a circle ; the arc 
of a circle containing ninety degrees ; also, the space or 
area included between this arc and two radii drawn from 
the centre to each extremity. 3. An instrument for taking 
the altitudes cf the sun or stars, of great use in astronomy 
and navigation. 

QUAD-RANT'AL, a. Pertaining to a quadrant ; also, in- 
cluded in the fourth part of a circle. Derham.. 

Q,UAD-RANT'AL, n. A vessel used by the Romans ; orig- 
inally called amphora. It was square, and contained 80 
pounds or water. 

Q.tJAD'RAT, M. [h. quadratus. '\ 1. In ^nnfing-, a piece of 
metal used to fill the void spaces between words, &c. 2. 
A mathematical instrument. 

Q.UAD'RATE, a. 1. Square ; having fou- equal and paral- 
lel sides. 2. Divisible into four equal parts. 3. Square , 
equal ; exact. 4. Suited ; fitted 5 applicable ; corre- 
spondent. 

dUAD'RATE, n. 1. A square ; a surface with four equal 
and parallel sides. Milton. — 2. In astrology, an aspect of 
the heavenly bodies, in which they are distant from each 
other ninety degrees ; the same as quartile. 

aUAD'RATE, V. i. [L. quadro ; Fr. quadrer.] To suit ; to 
correspond ; to agree with : to be accommodated. 

Q.UAD-RAT'I€, a. Square ; denoting a square, or pertain- 
ing to it. — Quadratic equation, in algebra, an equation in 
which the unknown quantity is of two dimensions, or 
raised to the second power. 

Q.UAD'RA-TRIX, n. 1. A square or squared figure. — 2. In 
geometry, a mechanical line, by means of which we can 
find right lines equal to the circumference of circles. 

aUAD'RA-TURE, n. [L. quadratura.] 1. The act of squar- 
ing ; the reducing of a figure to a square. 2. A quadrate 5 
a square. — 3. In astronomy, the aspect of the moon when 
distant from the sun 90 degrees. — Quadralnire of curves, 
in mathematics, the finding of rectilineal figures contain- 
ing the same areas as figures bounded by curved lines. 
D. Olmsted. 

Q,UAD'REL, 11. [It. quadrello. ] In architecture, a kind of 
artificial stone made of chalky earth and dried in the 
shade for two years ; so called from being square. 

Q.UAD-REN'NI-AL, a. [L. quadriennium.] 1. Comprising 
four years. 2. Occurring once in four years. 

aUAD-REN'NI-AL-LY, ado. Once in four years. 

aUAD'RI-BLE, a. [L. quadro.] That may be squared. 

aUAD-RI-€AP'SU-LAR, a. [L. quadra and capsula.] In 
botany, having four capsules to a flower. Martyn. 

Q.UAD-RI-DEC'1-MAL, a. [L. quadra and decern.] In crys- 
talography, designating a crystal whose prism, or the 
middle part, has four faces and two summits, containing 
together ten faces. 

aUAD-RI-DEN'TATE, a. [L. quadra and dentatus.] In 
botany, having four teeth on the edge. Martyn. 

dUAD-RI-EN'NI-AL. The same as quadrennial. 

aUA.D'RI-FID, a. [L. quadrifidus.] In botany, four-cleft, 
as a quadrifid perianth. 

Q,UAD-RI-Ju GOUS, a. {1^. quadra anA jugum.] In botany, 
pinnate, with four pairs of leaflets. 

Q.UAD-RI-LAT'ER-AL, a. [L. quadra, or quatuor, and la- 
tus.] Having four sides and four angles. 

aUA.D-RI-LAT'ER-AL, n. A figure having four sides and 
frur angles ; a quadrangular figure. Encyc. 

aUAD-RI-LAT'ER-AL-NESS, n. The property of having 
four right-lined sides, forming as many right angles. 

Q,[JAD-RI-LIT'ER-AL, a. [L. quadra, or quatuor, and lit- 
er'a.] Consisting of four letters. Parkhurst. 

aUA-DRILLE', (qua-driV, or ka-dril') n. [Fr.] 1. A game 
played by four persons with 40 cards. 2. A kind of dance. 

dUAD RI-LO-BATE, ) a. [L. quadra, or quaty.or, and lobe ; 

aUAD'RI-Lf >BED, ) Gr. Ao|8oj.] In botany, having four 
lobes. Martyn. 

Q,UAD-RI-LOC'U-LAR, a. [L. quadra, quatuor, and locvr- 
lu's.] Having four cells ; four-celled. Martyn. 

t Q.UAD'RIN, n. [L. quadrinus.] A mite ; a small piece of 
money, in value about a farthing. Bailey. 

dUAD-RI-No'MI-AL, ) a. [L. quadra, quatuor, and no- 

aUAD-RI-NOM'I-€AL, S men.] Consisting of four de- 
nominations or terms. JDict. 

Q,UAD^RIP'AR-TITE, a. [L. quadra, quatuor, andpartitus.] 



660 QUA 

Divided into four parts, or consisting of four corresponding 
parts. 

au AD-RIP' AR-TITE-LY, adv In four divisions ; in a 
quadripartite distribution. 

aUAD-RIP-AR-Ti"TION, n. A division by four or into 
four parts ; or the takmg the fourth part of any quantity. 

QUAD-RIPH'YL-LOUS, a. [L. quadra, quatuor, and Gr, 
(Pv'Wov.] Having four leaves. 

aUAD'RI-REME, n. [L. quadriremis.] A galley with four 
benches of oars or rowers. Mitford. 

UUAD-RI-SYL'LA-BLE, n. [L. quadra, quatuor, and syl- 
lable.] A word consisting of four syllables. 

aUAD'RI-VALVE, or aUAD-RI-VALV'U-L.\R, a. In 
botany, having four valves 3 four-valved. Martyn. 

aUAD'RI-VALVES, n. plu. [L. quadra, quatuor, and val- 
va.] A door with four folds or leaves. 

Q,UAD-RIV'I-AL, a. [L. quadrivium ; quatuor and via.] 
Having four ways meeting in a point. 

Q.UAD-ROON', n. [L. quadra, quatuor.] In Spanish America, 
the offspring of a mulatto woman by a white man : a per- 
son quarter-blooded. 

Q,UAD'RU-MAN, n. [L. quadra and manus.] An animal 
having four hands or limus that correspond to the hands 
of a man, as a monkey. 

aUAD'RU-MA-NOUS,a. Having four hands ; four-handed. 

QUAD'RUNE, n. A gritstone with a calcarious cement. 

Q.UAD'RU-PED, a. [L. quadrupes.] Having four legs and 
feet. 

aUAD'RU-PED, n. An animal having four legs and feet, 
as a horse, an ox, a lion, &c. 

aUAD'RU-PLE, a. [L. quadruplus.] Fourfold; four times 
told. 

Q.UAD'RU-PLE, n. Four times the sum or number. 

aUAD-Ru'PLI-€ATE, a. Fourfold ; four times repeated. 

aUAD-Ru'PLI-CATE, v. t. [L. quadruplico.] To make 
fourfold ; to double twice. 

aUAD-RU-PLI-€A'TION, n. The act of making fourfold 
and taking four times the simple sum or amount. 

aUAD'RU-PLY, adv. To a fourfold quantity. Swift. 

Q,UiE'RE. [L.] Inquire ; better written query, which see. 

aU^ST'OR. See auEsxoR. 

Q,UAFF, V. t. [Fr. coiffer.] To drink ; to swallow in large 
draughts. 

dUAFF, V. i. To drink largely or luxuriously. South. 

QUAFFED, pp. Drank ; swallowed in large draughts. 

Q,UAFF'ER, 71. One that quaffs or drinks largely. 

t aUAFF'ER, V. t. To feel out. Derham. 

Q,UAFF'ING, ppr. Drinking ; swallowing draughts. 

CIUAG'GY, a. Yielding to the feet or trembling under the 
foot, as soft, wet earth. 

QUAG'MlRE, n. [that is, quake-mire.] Soft, wet land, 
which has a surface firm enough to bear a person, but 
which shakes or yields under the ffeet. More. 

Q.UA'HAUG, (quaw'hog) n. In JVejo England, the popular 
name of a large species of clams or bivalvular shells. 

fCiUAID, a. or pp. Crushed, subdued, or depressed. 

Q,UaIL, v. i. [Sax. cwellan; W. cwl.'j 1. To sink into de- 
jection ; to languish ; to fail in spirits ; \l. u.] Shak. 2. 
To fade ; to wither ; [obs.] 

Q,UaIL, v. i. [Fr. cailler ; It. quagliare.] To curdle ; to 
coagulate ; as milk. Bailey. 

t QUaIL, v. t. [Sax. cwellan.] To crush ; to depress ; to 
sink ; to subdue. [Now written quell.] Spenser. 

Q.UaIL, n. [It. quaglia ; Fr. caille ; Arm. coailL] A bird 
of the genus tetrao or grous kind. 

t aUAlL'ING, ppr. Failing ; languishing. 

f Q.UaIL'ING, n. The act of failing in spirit or resolution ; 
decay. 

Q,UaIL'-PiPE, n. A pipe or call for alluring quails into a 
net ; a kind of leathern purse in the shape of a pear, partly 
filled with horse hair, with a whistle at the end. 

Q,UaINT, a. [Old Fr. coint ; Arm. coent, coant.] 1. Nice ; 
scrupulously and superfluously exact ; having petty ele- 
gance. 2. Subtle; artful; [obs.] 3. Fine-spun; artfully 
framed. Shak. 4. Affected. Swift. — 5. In common use, 
odji ; fanciful ; singular ; and so used by Chaucer. 

aUAlNT'LY, adv. 1 Nicely ; exactly ; with petty neat- 
ness or spruceness. 2. Artfully. 3. Ingeniously ; with 
dexterity. 

aUAlNT'NESS, 71. 1. Niceness ; petty neatness or ele- 
gance. 2. Oddness ; peculiarity. 

dUAKE, V. i. [Sax. cwacian ; G. quackeln.] 1. To shake ; 
to tremble ; to be agitated with quick but short motions 
continually repeated ; to shudder. 2. To shake with vi- 
olent convulsions, as well as with trembling. 3. To 
shake, tremble or move, as the earth under the feet. Pope. 

t QUAKE, V. t. To frighten ; to throw into agitation. Shak. 

QUAKE, n. A shake ; a trembling ; a shudder ; a tremu 
lous agitation. Suckling. 

QUaK'ER, 71. One that quakes ; but usually, one of the re- 
ligious sect called Friends. 

QUaK'ER-ISM, n. The peculiar manners, tenets or vyor 
ship of the Quakers. JIfiZTjer. 

QUaK'ER-LY, a. Resembling Quakers. Goodman. 



See Sunopsis. A, E, T, (5, U, ^, long.—FA.B., FALL, WHAT ,— PREY ;-PtN, MARINE, BiRD 



t Obsolete 



ULA 



661 



QUA 



aUAK'ER-Y, n. auakensm. 

Q,UaK'ING, ppr. Shaking ; trembling. 

Q,UaK ING, n. A shaking ; tremulous agitation ; trepida- 
tion. Dan. X. 

aUAK'ING-GRASS, n. An herb. Ainsworth. 

aUAL'I-Fl-A-BLE, a. That may be qualified ; that may 
be abated or modified. Barrow. 

aUAL-I-FI-€A'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. Any natural endow- 
ment or any acquirement which fits a person for a place, 
otiice or employment, or enables him to sustain any char- 
acter with success. 2. Legal power or requisite. 3. 
Abatement ; diminution. 4. Modification ; restriction ; 
limitation. 

(iUAL'I-FIED, pp. Fitted by accomplishments or endow- 
ments ; modified. 

aUAL'I-Fi-£D-NESS, n. The state of being qualified or 
fitted. 

aUAL'I-Fl-ER, 71. He or that which qualifies ; that which 
modifies, reduces, tempers or restrains. Junius. 

aUAL'I-FY, V. t. [Fr. qualifier ; It. qualificare.] 1. To fit 
for any place, office, occupation or character ; to furnish 
with the knowledge, skill or other accomplishment neces- 
sary for a purpose. 2. To make capable of any employ- 
ment or privilege ; to furnish with legal power or capaci- 
ty. 3. To abate ; to soften ; to diminish. 4. To ease ; 
to assuage. 5. To modify ; to restrain ; to limit by ex- 
ceptions. _ 6. To modify ; to regulate ; to vary. 

Q,UAL'1-FY-ING, pj)r. Furnishing with the necessary qual- 
ities, properties or accomplishments for a place, station or 
business ; furnishing with legal power ; abating ; temper- 
ing ; modifying ; restraining. 

Q,UAL'I-TY, n. [L. qualitas ; Fr. qualite.] 1. Property ; 
that which belongs to abody or substance, or can be predi- 
cated of it. 2. Nature, relatively considered 3. Virtue 
or particular power of producing certain efiects. 4. Dis- 
position ; temper. 5. Virtue or vice. 6. Acquirement ; 
accomplishment. 7. Character. 8. Compan'tive rank 5 
condition in relation to others. 9. Superior rank ; supe- 
riority of birth or station ; as persons of quality. 10. Per- 
sons of high rank, collectively. 

*Q,UALM, (quam) n. [D. kwaal ; G. qualm; D. kwalm.] J. 
A rising in the stomach, as it is commonly called ; a fit of 
nausea, or a disposition or effort of the stomach to eject 
its contents. 2. A sudden fit or seizure of sickness at the 
stomach 5 a sensation of nausea. 3. A scruple of con- 
science, or uneasiness of conscience. 

*Q,UALM'ISH, (quim'ish) a. Sick at the stomach , inclined 
to vomit ; affected with nausea or sickly languor. 

*aUALM'ISH-NESS, n. Nausea. 

Q,UAM'0-€LIT, n. A plant of the genus ipomoea. 

*aUANiDA-RY, n. Doubt; uncertainty; a state of diffi- 
culty or perplexity. [A low icord.] 

f Q,UAN'DA-RY, v. t. To bring into a state of uncertainty 
or difficulty. Otway, 

aUAN'TI-TA-TIVE, a. Estimable according to quantity 
Taylor. 

aUANTI-TlVE, a. Estimable according to quantity. 
Digby. 

Q,UAN'TI-TY, n. [Fr. qxiantite ; It. quantitd ; L. quantitas.] 
l.That property of any thing which may be increased or 
diminished. Johnson. 2. An indefinite extent of space. 
3. A portion or part ; [obs.] Shale. 4. A large portion. — 
5. In mathematics, any thing v/hich can be multiplied, 
divided or measured. Day. — b. In grammar, the measure 
of a syllable ; that which determines the time in which it 
is pronounced.— 7. In logic, a category, universal, or pre- 
dicament ; a general conception. — 8. In music, the rela- 
tive duration of a note or syllable. 

aUAN'TUM, n. [L.] The quantity ; the amount. 

taUAR'AN-TAIN. See auARANxiNE. 

*Q,UAR'AN-TlNE, n. [It. quarantina ; Sp. quarentena ; 
Fr. quarajitaine.] 1. Properly, the space of forty days ; 
appropriately, the term of forty days, during which a ship 
arriving in port and suspected of being infected with a 
malignant, contagious disease, is obliged to forbear all in- 
tercourse with the city or place. 2. Restraint of inter- 
course to which a ship is subjected on the presumption 
that she may be infected, either for forty days or for any 
other limited term. — 3. In law, the period of forty days, 
during which the widow of a man dying seized of land, 
has the privilege of remaining in the mansion-house. 

aUAR-AN-TlNE', v. t. To prohibit from intercourse with 
a city or its inhabitants ; to compel to remain at a distance 
from shore for forty days, or for other limited period, on 
account of real or supposed infection ; applied to ships, or 
to persons and goods. 

aUAR-AN-TiN'ED, (quor-an-teend') pp. Restrained from 
communication with the shore for a limited period ; as a 
ship or its crew and passengers. 

aUAR-AN-TlN'ING, ppr. Prohibiting from intercourse 
with the port ; as a ship, or its crew and passengers. 

t aUAR'RE, for quarry. 

Q,UARREL, n. [W. cweryl ; Fr. querelle ; L., It. querela ; 
Sp. querella.] 1. A brawl ; a petty fight or scuffle ; from 



I its noise and uproar. 2. A dispute ; a contest. 3. A 
breach of friendship or concord ; open variance between 
parties. 4. Cause of dispute. 5. Something that gives a 
right to mischief, reprisal or action ; [obs.'\ 6. Objection , 
ill will, or reason to complain ; ground of objection or 
dispute. 7. Something peevish, malicious, or disposed to 
make trouble ; [obs.'] 

dUAR'REL, n. [W. gwarel.] 1. An arrow with a square 
head ; [not used, unless in poetry.] 2. A pane of glass ; a 
square. 

aUAR'REL, V. i. [Fr. quereller.] 1. To dispute violently 
or with loud and angry words ; to wrangle ; to scold. 2. 
To fight ; to scuffle ; to contend ; to squabble ; tised of 
two persons or of a small number. 3. To fall into vari- 
ance. 4. To find fault ; to cavil. 5. To disagree • to be 
at variance ; not to be in accordance in form or essence 

aUAR'REL, v.t. 1. To quarrel with. B Jonson. 2. I'd 
compel by a quarrel. 

Q,UAR'REL-ER, n. One who quarrels, wrangles or fig^s. 

ClUAR'REL-ING, ppr. Disputing with vehemence or loud 
angry words ; scolding ; wrangling ; fighting j finding 
fault ; disagreeing. 

aUAR'REL-ING, n. Contention ; dispute in angry words ; 
breach of concord ; a caviling or finding fault ; disagree- 
ment. 

dUAR'REL-OUS, a. Apt or disposed to quarrel ; petulant • 
easily provoked to enmity or contention. [Little used.] 

Q.UAR'REL-S6ME, a. Apt to quarrel ; given to brawls 
and contention ; inclined to petty fighting ; easily irri- 
tated or provoked to contest ; irascible 3 choleric ; petulant. 

Q,UAR'REL-S6ME-LY, adv. In a quarrelsome manner; 
with a quarrelsome temper ; petulantly. Hall. 

aUAR'REL-SoME-NESS, n. Disposition to engage in con- 
tention and brawls ; petulance. 

aUAR'RIED, pp. Dug from a pit or cavern. 

aU^R'RY, n. [Fr. carre, fox quarre.] 1. A square ; [obs.] 
2. An arrow with a square head; [obs.] — 3. In falconry, 
the game which a hawk is pursuing or has killed. — 4. 
Among hunters, a part of the entrails of the beast taken, 
given to the hounds. 

aUAR'RY, n. [Fr. carriers ; Norm, quarrier.] 1. A place, 
cavern or pit where stones are dug from the earth, or sep- 
arated from a large mass of rocks. — 2. In Paris, the quar- 
ries are a vast cavern under the city, several miles in 
extent. 

Q.UAR'RY, ?j. i. To prey upon, as a vulture or harpy. [.^ 
low word and not much used.] L'Estrange. 

QUAR'RY, V. t. To dig or take from a quarry. 

ClUAR'RY-ING, ppr. Digging stones from a quarry. 

Q.UAR'RY-MAN, n. A man who is occupied in quarrying 
stones. 

Q,UART, (quort) n. [It. quarta ; Fr. quarte ; L. quartus.] 
l.'The fourth part ; a quarter ; [obs.] 2. The fourth part 
of a gallon ; two pints. 3. A vessel containing the fourth 
of a gallon. 4. A sequence of four cards in the game of 
piquet. 

ClUART'AN, (quort'an) a. [L. quartanus.] Designating the 
fourth ; occurring every fourth day. 

ClUART'AN, n. 1. An intermitting ague that occurs every 
fourth day, or with intermissions of seventy-two hours. 

2. A measure containing the fourth part of some other 
measure^ 

Q,UAR-Ta'TION, n. In chemistry and metallurgy, the op- 
eration by which the quantity of one thing is made equal 
to the fourth part of another thing. 

dUART'ER, (quort'er) n. [Fr. quart, quartier ; It. quar- 
tiere ; Sp. quartel ; D. kwartier ; G. quartier ; L. quartus.] 
1. The fourth part.— 2. In weight, the fourth part of a 
hundred pounds avoirdupois, or of 112 lb., that is, 28 lb. — 

3. In dry measure, the fourth of a ton in weiglit, or eight 
bushels. — 4. In astronomy, the fourth part of the moon's 
period or monthly revolution. 5. A region in the hemi- 
sphere or great circle ; primarily, one of the four cardinal 
points. 6. A particular region of a town, city or country 
— 7. Usually in the plural, quarters, the place of lodging 
or temporary residence ; appropriately, the place where 
officers and soldiers lodge. 8. Proper station.— 9. On 
board of ships, quarters signifies the stations or places 
where the officers and men are posted in action.— 10. In 
military affairs, the remission or sparing of the life of a 
captive or an enemy when in one's power ; mercy granted 
by a conqueror to his enemy, when no longer able to de- 
fend himself. 11. Treatmentshown toan enemy ; indul- 
gence ; [rarely used.] 12. Friendship ; amity ; concord ; 
[obs.] — 13. In the slaughter house, one limb of a quadru- 
ped with the adjoining parts ; or one fourth part of the 
carcass of a quadruped, including a limb.— 14. In the 
menage, the quarters of a horse's foot are the sides of the 
coffin, between the toe and the heel. — 15. In a siege 
quarters are the encampment on one of the principal pas- 
sages round the place besieged, to prevent relief and in- 
tercept convoys. — 16. In seminaries of learning, a fourth 
part of the year, or three months.— 17. The quarter of a 
ship is the part of a ship's side which lies towards the 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— B]:jLL, UNITE.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete . 



QUA 



662 



QUE 



stern, or the part between the aftmost end of the main- 
chains and the sides of the stem, where it is terminated 
by the quarter-pieces.— 18. In heraldry, one of the parts or 
members of the first division of a coat that is divided into 
four parts. 

aUART'ER, V. t. 1. To divide into four equal parts. 2. 
To divide ; to separate into parts. 3. To divide into dis- 
tinct regions or compartments. 4. To station soldiers for 
lodging. 5. To lodge ; to fix on a temporary dwelling. 
6. To diet; [obs.] 7. To bear as an appendage to the 
hereditEu-y arms. 

aUART'ER, V. L To lodge ; to have a temporary resi- 
dence. 

aUART'ER-A6E, n. A quarterly allowance. Hudibras. 

CIUART'ER-DaY, 71. The day that completes three months, 
the quarter of a year ; the day when quarterly payments 
are made of rent or interest. 

aUART'EP.ED, fp. Divided into four equal parts or quait- 
ers ; separated into distinct parts ; lodged ; stationed for 
lodging. 

aUART'ER-ING, -ppr. Dividing into quarters or into dis- 
tinct parts ; stationing for lodgings. 

aUyVR.T'ER-ING, n. 1. A station. Mountapi. 2. Assign- 
ment of quarters for soldiers. 3. The division of a shield 
containing many coats. 

QUART'ER-LY, a. 1. Containing or consisting of a fourth 
part. 2. Recurring at the end of each quarter of the year. 

aUART'ER-LY, adv. Once in a quarter of a year. 

aUART'ERN, n. The fourth part of a pint ; a gill. 

aUAR-TETT', n. [It. quartetto.] I. In miisic, a composi- 
tion for four performers. — 2. In poetry, a stanza of four 
lines. 

aUART'ILE, n. An aspect ot the planets, when they are 
distant from each other a quarter of the circle, ninety de- 
grees, or three signs. 

Q.UART'0, n. [L. quartus.] A book of the size of the 
fourth of a sheet ; a size made by twice folding a sheet, 
which then makes four leaves. 

(iUART'O, a. Denoting the size of a book, in which a 
sheet makes four leaves. 

Q.UARTZ, (quortz) n. [G. quartz.] A species of silicious 
minerals, of various colors. 

Q.UARTZ'Y, a. Pertaining to quartz ; partaking of the na- 
ture or qualities of quartz ; resembling quartz. [Quartzy 
is the regular adjective, and quartzose and quartzous may 
be dispensed with.] 

Q,UAS, n. In Russia, a drink of common domestic use. 

GIUASH, V. t. [Sax. cwysan j D. kwetsen ; G. qitetschen ; 
Fr. casser ; It. squassare ; L. quasso.l 1. Properly, to he3.t 
down or beat in pieces ; to crush. 2. To crush "; to sub- 
due. — 3. In law, to abate, annul, overthrow or make 
void. 

Q,UASH, V. i. To be shaken with a noise. Sharp. 

Q.UASH, n. A species of cucurbita ; but in .America, pro- 
nounced squash ; so called, probably, from its softness. 

aUASH'ED, pp. Crushed ; subdued ; abated. 

ClUASH'ING, ppr. Crushing ; subduing ; abating. 

aUAS-SA'TION, n. [L. quassatio.] The act of shaking 3 
concussion; the stafe of being shaken. Gayton. 

Q,UAS'SIA, 71. A plant, or rather a genus of plants. 

f Q.UAT, n. A pustule or pimple. Shak. 

aUA'TER-CoUS'INS, (ka'ter-kuz'nz) 71. [L. quatuor, and 
cousin.] Those within the first four degrees of kindred. 
Skinner. 

aUAT'ERN, a. [L.quaUrni.] Consistingof four ; fourfold 3 
growing bv fours. Martyn. 

aUA-TERN'A-RY, n. [L. quaternarius.] The number 
four. 

aUA-TERN'A-RY, a. Consisting of four. Oreo-cry. 

aUA-TERN'I-ON, n. [L. quatemio.] 1. The num'ber four. 
2. A file of four soldiers, .dots xii. 

aUA-TERN'I-ON, v. t. To divide into files or companies. 

UUA-TERN'I-TY, n. The number four. Broken. 

aUATRAIN, n. [Fr.] A stanza of four lines rhyming al- 
ternately. Dryden. 

t aUAVE, for quaver. 

t aUJ VE'MIRE, for quagmire. 

Q,UA'YER, B i, [W . cwibiazo ; Sp. quiebro.] 1. To shake 
tbe voice tc utter or form sound with rapid vibrations, 
as in singing ; to sing with tremulous modulations of 
voice. 2. To tremble ; to vibrate. 

Q,Ua' VER, 71. 1. A shake or rapid vibration of the voice, or 
a shake on an instrument of music. 2. A note and meas- 
ure of time, in 7n?mc, equal to half a crotchet or the eighth 
of a semibreve. 

Q,Ua'VERED, a. or pp. Distributed into quavers. 

QUa'VER-ER, n. A warbler. 

Q.Ua'VER-ING, ppr. Shaking the voice or the sound or an 
instrument. 

aUA VER-ING, n. The act of shaking the voice, or of 
making rapid vibrations of sound on an instrument of 
music. 

* Q,UAY, (ke) n. 'Ft. quai ; D kaai ,• Arm. qae.] A key ; a 
mole or wharf "constructed in harbors for securing ves- 



sels and receiving goods unlaaen or to be shipped on 

board. 

* aUAY, V. t. To furnish with quays J. Barlow 

t QUeACH, 71. A thick bushy plot. Chapman. 

t QUeACH, v. i. To stir ; to move. See Quick. 

aUEACH'Y, a. 1. Shaking 3 moving, yielding or trembling 
under the feet, as moist or boggy ground. 2 Thick 3 
bushy 3 \^obs.] 

QUeAN, 71. [Sax. cicfflTi, or ciceTi.] A worthless woman 3 
a slut 3 a strumpet. Swift. 

aUEAS'I-NESS, 71. Nausea 5 qualmishness; inclination to 
vojnit. 

QUeAS'Y, a. 1. Sick at the stomach 3 afiected with nau- 
sea ; inclined to vomit. 2. Fastidious 3 squeamish 3 deli- 
cate. 3. Causing nausea. 

t aUECK, V. I. [G. quackehu] To shrink 3 to flinch. 

Q-UEEN, 7!. [Sax. cwan, or cwen ; Goth, queins, qucns i 
Dan. qvinde ; Sw. qvinna.] 1. The consort of a king ; a 
queen consort. 2. A woman who 's the sovereign of a 
kingdom 3 a queen-regent. 3. The sovereign of a swarm 
of bees, or the female of the hive.— QweCTi of the meadows, 
meadow-sweet, a plant. Lee. 

dUEEN, V. i. To play the queen 3 to act the part or char- 
acter of a queen. SMk. 

aUEEN'-AP-PLE, n. A kind of apple, so called. 

aUEEN-DOW'A-GER, n. The widow of a king, 

Q,UEEN'GoLD, n. A royal duty or revenue belonging 
to every queen of England during her marriage to the 
king. 

aUEEN'ING, n. An apple. Mortimer. 

dUEEN'LTKE, a. Resembling a queen. Drayton. 

QUEEN'LY, a. Like a queen 3 becoming a queen ; suita- 
ble to a queen. 

QUEER, a. [G, quer.] Odd ; singular ; hence, whimsical. 
Spectator. _ 

QUEER, or QUIeR, n. The old form of quire, or choir, and 
pronounced queer in Yorkshire, Eng. Bale, 

QUEER'LY, adv. In an odd or singular manner. 

QUEER'NESS, n. Oddity ; singularity 3 particularity. 

QUEEST, 7i. A ring-dove, a species of pigeon. Todd. 

QUEINT, p?-ei. and^;?. of quench. Gower. 

QUELL, V. t. [Sax. cwellan ; Dan. qvceler.] 1. To crush ; 
to subdue 3 to cause to cease. 2. To quiet 3 to allay ; to 
reduce to peace. 3. To subdue 3 to reduce. 

QUELL, V. i. To die 3 to abate. Spenser. 

t QUELL, n. Murder. Shak. 

QUELLED, ;>p. Crushed 3 subdued; quieted. 

QUELL'ER, 71, One that crushes or subdues. Shak. 

QUELL'ING, M^r. Crushing ; subduing ; reducing to peace. 

QUELQUE'-CHOSE, (kek'shoze) n. [Fr.] A trifle ; a 
kickshaw. Donne. 

fQUEME, V. t. [Sax. cweman.] To please. Spenser. 

QUENCH, V. t. [Sax. cwencan/] 1. To extinguish ; to put 
out. 2. To still; to quiet; to repress. 3.~To allay or 
extinguish. 4. To destroy. 5. To check ; to stifle. 

t QUENCH, V. i. To cool ; to become cool. Shak. 

QUENCH'A-BLE, a. That may be quenched or extin- 
guished. 

QUENCHED, pp. Extinguished; allayed; repressed. 

QUENCHER, n. He or that which extinguishes. 

QUENCH'ING, ppr. Extinguishing ; quieting ; stifling ; re- 
pressing. 

QUENCHLESS, a. That cannot be quenched or repressed 3 
inextinguishable. Shak. 

QUER'CIT-RON, 7f. [L. quercus.] The bark of the yellow 
oak, used in dyeing. Bancroft. 

t QUER'ELE, 7;. [L. querela ; Fr. querelle.] A complaint 
to a_court. Ayliffe. 

t QUe'RENT, n. [L. qxLerens.] The complainant 3 the 
plaintiff". 

QUe'RENT, «• [L. qumrens.] An inquirer. [Little used.] 

QUER-I-Mo'NI-OUS, a. [L. querimonia.] Complainuig 3 
querulous ; apt to complain. 

QUER-I-Mo'NI-OUS-LY, adv. With complaint 3 queru- 
lously. 

QUER-I-Mo'NI-OUS-NESS, n. Disposition to complain 5 a 
complaining temper. 

QUe'RIST, 7!. [h. qiimro.] One who inquires or asks ques- 
tions. Swift. 

QUERK. See Quirk . 

t QUERK'ENED, a. Choked. 

QUERL, v.t. [G. querlen.] To twirl; to turn or wind 
round; to coil. [This is a legitimate English word, in 
common use in JVew England.] 

QUERN, n. [Sax. cwyrn, ciceorn; Goth, quaim ; D. kweem. ; 
Dan. gvern.] A hand-mill for grinding grain ; a mUl, the 
stone of which was turned by hand, used before the in- 
vention of windmills and watermills. 

QUERP'O, n. [Sp. cuerpo : L. corpus ; Sp. en cuerpo de ca- 
viisa, half dressed.] A waistcoat or garment close to the 
body. Dryden. 

QUER'QUE-DULE, n. [L. querquedula.] An aquatic fowl 
a species of teal of the genus anas. Encyc 

QUER'RY, 71. A groom. See Equerrt. 



* See S-ifnopsis. A E I 6, tf, 7, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— y Obsolete. 



QUI 



663 



QUI 



UUER'U-LOUS, a. [L. quervlus.] 1. Complaining, or ha- 
bitually complaining ; disposed to murmur. 2. Express- 
ing complaint. 

aUER'U-LOUS-LY, adv. In a complaining manner. 

aUER'U-LOUS-NESS, n. Disposition to complain, or the 
hfibit or practice of murmuring. 

Q,Ue'RY, n. [L. quare.'] 'A question ; an inquiry to be an- 
swered or resolved JVewton. 

Q.yE'RY, V. i To ask a question or questions. Pope. 

Q,Ue'RY, v. t. 1. To seek ; to inquire. 2. To examine by 
questions. 3. To doubt of. 

Q.UEST, n. [Fr. quite, for queste ,• L. qtuero, qucestus.] 1. 
The act of seeking ; search. 2. Inquest ; a jury ; [obs.] 
3. Searchers, collectively ; [obs.] 4. Inquiry ; examina- 
tion ; [obs.] 5. Request ; desire ; solicitation. 

taUEST, « i. To go in search. 

QUEST, h. t. To search or seek for. Herbert. 

taUESt'ANT, 71. A seeker. Shak. 

CiUES'TION, (ques'chun) n. [Fr., Sp. question; L. qiKSS- 
tio.] 1. The act of asking; an interrogatory. 2. That 
wliich is asked ; something proposed which is to be solved 
by answer. 3. Inquiry ; disquisition ; discussion. 4. 
Dispute or subject of debate. 5. Doubt ; controversy ; 
dispute. 6. Trial ; examination ; judicial trial or inqui- 
ry. 7. Examination by torture. 8. Endeavor ; effort ; 
act of seeking ; [obs.] — 9. In logic, a proposition stated by 
way of interrogation. — In question, in debate ; in the course 
of examination. 

CIUES'TION, V. i. 1. To ask a question or questions ; to in- 
quire by interrogatory or proposition to be answered. 2. 
To debate by inter-ogatories. Shak. 

dUES'TION, V. t. 1. To inquire of by asking questions; to 
examine by interrogatories, 2. To doubt of; to be un- 
certain of. 3. To have no confidence in; to treat as 
doubtful. 

aUES'TION-A-BLE,a. 1. That may be questioned ; doubt- 
ful ; uncertain ; disputable. 2. Suspicious ; liable to be 
doubted or disputed ; liable to suspicion. 

aUES'TION-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of be- 
ing doubtful, questionable or suspicious. 

GID ES'TION-A-RY, a. Inquiring; asking questions. 

liUES'TIONED, pp. I. Interrogated; examined by ques- 
tions. 2. Doubted ; disputed. 

Q,U1]S'TI0N-ER, n. One that asks questions ; an inquirer. 

aUES'TION-ING, ppr. Interrogating ; calling in question ; 
doubting. 

aUES'TION-IST, n. A questioner ; an inquirer. Hall. 

QUES'TION LESS, adv. Beyond a question or doubt ; 
doubtless ; certainly. South. 

t Q,UEST'MAN, \n. A starter of lawsuits v r prosecu- 

t aUEST'MoN-GER, \ tions. Bacon. 

(iUES'TOR, n. [L. qucBstor.] In Roman antiquity, an officer 
who had the management of the public treasure. 

aUES'TOR-SHIP, n. I. The office of a questor or Roman 
treasurer. 2. The term of a questor's office. 

taUES'TRIST, n. A seeker; a pursuer. Shak. 

(iUEST'U-A-RY, a. Studious of profit. Brown. 

Q,UEST'U-A-RY, n. One employed to collect profits. 

ClUEUE. See Cue. 

Q.UIB, n. [W. cwip, gwib.] A sarcasm ; a bitter taunt ; a 
quip ; a gibe. 

aUlB'BLE, n. [W. cwipiaw or gwibiaw.] 1. A start or 
turn from the point in question, or from plain truth ; an 
evasion ; a cavil ; a pretense. 2. A pun ; a low con- 
ceit. 

aUIB'BLE, V. i. 1. To evade the point in question, or 
plain truth, oy artifice, play upon words, caviling or any 
conceit ; to trifle in argument or discourse. 2. To pun. 

aUIB'BLER, n. 1. One who evades plain truth by trifling 
artifices, play upon words, or cavils. 2. A punster. 

t ClUICK, V. i. [Sax. cwic, cwiccian.] To stir ; to move. 

GIUICK, a. [Sax. cwic ; D. kwik; G. quick ; Ban. qvik ; Sw. 
qvick.] 1. Primarily, alive ; living. 2. Swift ; hasty ; 
done with celerity. 3. Speedy ; done or occurring in a 
short time. 4. Active ; brisk ; nimble ; prompt ; ready, 
5. Moving with rapidity or celerity. — Q,uick with child, 
pregnant with a living child. 

aUICK, adv. 1. Nimbly; with celerity; rapidly; with 
haste; speedily; without delay. 2. Soon; in a short 
time ; without delay. 

aUICK, n. [Sw. qviga.] 1. A living animal; [obs.] 2. 
The living flesh ; sensible parts. 3. Living shrubs or trees. 

fClUICK, V. t. [Sax. cwiccian.] To revive; to make alive. 

Q,UICK, V. i. To become alive. Chaucer. 

aUICK'-BEAM, or aUICK'EN-TREE, n. A tree, the wild 
sorb, a species of wild ash. Mortimer. 

aUICK'EN, (quik'n) v. t. [Sax, cwiccian ; Dan, qvager.] 

1. Primarily, to make alive ; to vivify ; to revive or re- 
suscitate, as from death or an inanimate state, Rom. iv, 

2, To make alive in a spiritual sense ; to communicate a 
principle of grace to. 3. To hasten ; to accelerate. 4. 
To sharpen ; to give keener perception to ; to stimulate ; 
to incite. 5, To revive ; to cheer ; to reinvigorate ; to 
refresh by new supplies of comfort or grace. Ps. cxix. 



aUICK'EN, (quik'n) v. i. 1. To become alive. Ray. 2. To 
move with rapidity or activity. Pope. 

QUICKENED, pp. 1. Made alive; revived; vivified, 
remvigorated. 2. Accelerated ; hastened. 3. Stimulat- 
ed ; incited. 

Q,UI€K'EN-ER, n. I. One who revives, vivifies, or com- 
municates life. 2. That which reinvigorates. 3. That 
which accelerates motion or increases activity. More. 

aUICK'EN-ING, ppr. Giving life ; accelerating ; incit 
ing. 

CiUI€K'-E"?ED, a. Having acute sight ; of keen and ready 
perception. 

aUICK'-GRASS. See Quitch-grass. 

QUICK'LlME, n. Any calcarious substance deprived of its 
fixed or carbonic air, or an earthy substance calcined ; a? 
chalk, limestone, &c. 

QUICK'LY, adv. 1. Speedily ; with haste or celerity. 2. 
Soon ; without delay. 

QUICK'-MATCH, n. A combustible preparation fonned of 
cotton strands dipped in a boilmg composition of white 
vinegar, saltpetre and mealed powder ; used by artillery- 
men. 

QUICK'NESS, n. 1. Speed ; velocity ; celerity ; rapidi- 
ty. 2, Activity ; briskness ; promptness, 3, Acute- 
ness of perception ; keen sensibility, 4. Sharpness , pun- 
gency. 

QUICK'S AND, n. 1. Sand easily moved or readily yielding 
to pressure ; loose sand abounding with water. 2. Unsol- 
id ground. 

QUICK'SCENT-ED, a. Having an acute perception by the 
nose ; of an acute smell. 

QUICK'SET, n. A living plant set to grow, particularly for 
a hedge. Evelyn. 

QUICK'SET, v. t. To plant with living shrubs or trees for 
a hedge or fence. Mortimer. 

QUICK'SlGHT-ED, a. Having quick sight or acute dis- 
cernment ; quick to see or discern. Locke. 

QUICK'SIGHT-ED-NESS, n. Quickness of sight or dis- 
cernment ; readiness to see or discern. Locke. 

QUICK'SIL-VER, n. [that is, living silver, argentum vivum 
so called from its fluidity.] Mercury. 

QUICK'SIL-VERED, a. Overlaid with quicksilver. 

QUICK'WIT-TED, a. Having ready wit. Shak. 

QUID, n. A vulgar pronunciation of cud. 

t QUi'DAM, n. [L.J Somebody. Spenser. 

QUID'DA-NY, n. [G. quitte ; L. cydonium.] Marmalade ; 
a confection of quinces prepared with sugar. 

QUID'DA-TlVE, a Constituting the essence of a thing. 
Encyc. 

t QUID'DIT, n. [L. quidlibet, or Fr. que dit.] A subtilty ; an 
equivocation. Shak. 

QUID'DI-TY, n. [L. quid, what.] 1. A barbarous term 
used in school philosophy for essence. 2. A trifling nice- 
ty ; a cavil ; a captious question. Camden. 

QUID'DLE, V. i. [L. quid, what.] To spend time in tri- 
fling employments, or to attend to useful subjects in a 
trifling or superficial manner. The word is also used as a 
noun . 

QUID'NUNC, n. [L. what now.] One who is curious to 
know every thing that passes ; one who knows or pretends 
to know all occmrences. Tatler. 

QUID PRO QUO, [L.] In law, an equivalent ; something 
given or done for another thing. 

QUI-ESCE', (qui-es') v. i. [L. quiesco.] To be silent, as a 
letter; to have no sound. M. Stuart. 

QUI-ES'CENCE, ) n. [L. qwlescens.] I. Rest ; repose ; 

QUI-ES'CEN-CY, ] state of a thing without motion. 2. 
Rest of the mind ; a state of the mind free from agitation 
or emotion. 3. Silence ; the having no sound. 

QUI-ES'CENT, a. [L. quiescens.] 1, Resting ; being in a 
state of repose ; still ; not movmg. 2. Not ruffled with 
passion ; unagitated. 3. Silent ; not sounded ; having no 
sound. M. Stuart, 

QUI-ES'CENT, n. A silent letter. M. Stuart. 

QUi'ET, a. [Fr. quiet j L. quietus; It. quieto.] 1. Still; 
being in a state of rest ; not moving. Judg. xvi. 2. Still ; 
free from alarm or disturbance ; unmolested. 3. Peacea- 
ble ; not turbulent ; not giving oflfense ; not exciting con- 
troversy, disorder or trouble ; mild ; meek ; contented. 
4. Calm; not agitated by wind. 5. Smooth; unruffled. 
6. Undisturbed ; unmolested. 7. Not crying ; not rest- 
less. 

QUi'ET, n. [L. quies.] 1. Rest; repose; stillness; the 
state of a thing not in motion. 2. Tranquillity ; freedom 
from disturbance or alarm ; civil or political repose. 3. 
Peace ; security. Judg. xviii. 

QUi'ET, v.t. 1. To stop motion ; to still ; to reduce to a 
state of rest. 2. To calm ; to appease ; to pacify ; to lull ; 
to tranquilize. 3. To allay ; to suppress. 

QUi'ET-ED, pp. Made still ; calmed ; pacified. 

QUi'ET-ER, n. The person or thing that quiets. 

QUi'ET-ING, ppr. Reducing to rest or stillness ; appeasing , 
tranquilizing. 

QUi'ET-ISM, n. Peace or tranquillity of mind; apathy ; 



.•see iiynop-"^. 



MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



QUI 



664 



QUI 



dispassion ; indisturbance ; inaction. — In history, quietism- 
is the system of the quietists, who maintained that relig- 
ion consists in the internal rest or recollection of the 
mind, employed in contemplating God and submitting to 
his will. 

Q,Ul'ET-IST, 71. One of a sect of mystics, originated by 
Molino, a Spanish priest, who maintained the principles 
of quietism. 

ClUl'ET-LY, adv. 1. In a quiet state ; without motion ; in 
a state of rest. 2. Without tumult, alarm, dispute or dis- 
turbance ; peaceably. 3. Calmly ; without agitation or 
violent emotion ; patiently 

aUlET-NESS, 11. 1. A state of rest; stillness. 2. Calm; 
tranquillity. 3. Freedom from agitation or emotion ; 
calmness ; coolness. 4, Freedom from disturbance, dis- 
order or commotion ; peace ; tranquillity. 

t aUl'ET-SoME, a. Calm ; still ; undisturbed. Spenser. 

Q,Ul'E-TUDE, 71. [Fr.] Rest; repose; quiet; tranquillity. 

Q.UI-E'TUS, n. [L.] Rest; repose; death; hence, a final 
discharge or acquittance ; that which silences claims. 

aUILL, n. [Ir. cuille ; Corn, cuilan.] 1. The large, strong 
feather of a goose or other large fowl ; used much for 
writing-pens. 2. The instrument of writing. 3. The 
spine or prickle of a porcupine. 4. Apiece of small reed 
or other hollow plant, on which weavers wind the 
thread which forms the woof of cloth. 5. The instru- 
ment with Which musicians strike the strings of certain 
instruments. Dryden. — To carry a good quill, to write 
well. 

dUILL, V. t. To plait, or to form with small ridges like 
quills or reeds. [In the United States, this word is gener- 
ally pronounced twill.'] 

dUIL'LET, n. [L. quidlibet.] Subtilty ; nicety ; fraudulent 
distinction ; petty cant. ]_J<'ot rnuch used.] Shak. 

GUILT, 71, [It. coltre ; L. culcita ; Ir. cuilt.] A cover or 
garment made by putting wool, cotton or other substance 
between two cloths and sewing them together. 

Q,UILT, V. t. 1. To stitch together two pieces of cloth with 
some soft and warm substance between them. 2. To sew 
in the manner of a quilt. 

dUILT'ED, pp. Stitched together, as two pieces of cloth, 
with a soft substance between them. 

aUILT'ING, ppr. Stitching together, as two cloths, with 
some soft substance between them. 

aUILT'ING, 71. 1. The act of forming a quilt.— 2. In JVeio 
England, the act of quilting by a collection of females. 

Q,Ul'NA-RY, a. [1,. quinarius.] Consisting of five. 

QlUI'NATE, a. [L. quinque.] In botany, a quinate leaf is a 
sort of digitate leaf having five leaflets on a petiole. 

aUINCE, (quins) n. [Fr. coin, or coing.] The fruit of the 
pyrv^ cydonia, so named from Cydonia, a town of Crete, 
famous for this fruit. 

aUINCE'-TREE "" "^^^^ ^""^^ which produces the quince. 

t dUINCH, V. i. To stir, wince or flounce. 

Q,UIN-eUN'CIAL, a. [from L. quincunx.] Having the form 
of a quincunx. Ray. 

Q,UIN'€UNX, n. [L. quinque and uncia.] In gardening, 
the quincunx order is a plantation of trees disposed in a 
square, consisting of five trees, one at each corner and a 
fifth in the middle, thus, ;.: ; which order, repeated in- 
definitely, forms a regular grove or wood. 

Q.UIN-DEe'A-GON, n. [L. quinque, Gr. ScKa and ycovia.] 
In geometry, a plain figui'e with fifteen sides and fifteen 
angles. 

aUIN-DE-CEM'ViR, n. [L. quinque, decern and vir.] In 
Roman history, one of a collection or body of fifteen mag- 
istrates whose business was to preside over the sacri- 
fices. 

aUIN-DE-CEM'VI-RATE, 71. The body of fifteen magis- 
trates, or their office. 

Q,UIN'I-A, ) n. In pharmacy, a substance prepared from 

Q,UIN'INE, \ yellow bark (cinchona cordifolia,) possess- 
ing, in a concentrated form, the tonic virtues of the bark, 
and capable of forming salts with acids. 

aum-aUA-GES'I-MA, n. [L. fifty.] Quinquagesima 
Sunday, so called as being about the fiftieth day before 
Easter ; Shrove Sunday. 

Q.UIN-CIUAN'GU-LAR, a. [L. quinque and ayigulus.] Hav- 
ing five angles or comers. Woodward. 

aUIN-aUAR-TI€'U"-LAR, a. [L. quinque and articulus.] 
Consisting of five articles. \_L.^L.] Sanderson. 

atriN-aUE-€AP'SU-LAR, a. [L. quinque and capsvla.] 
In botany, having five capsules to a flower. 

QUIN-aUE-DEN TATE, a. [L. quinque and dentatus ; 
dens.] In botany, five-toothed. 

aUIN-QUE-F5'RI-0US, a. In botany, opening into five 
parts. Lee. 

Q,tJIN'Q.UE-FID, a. [L. quinque axvAfindo.] In botany, ^ye- 
cleft ; cut into five segments with linear sinuses. 

QUIX-aUE-FO'LI-A-TED, a. [L. quinque and folium.] 
Having five leaves. .Tohnson. 

Ql'IN-aUE-LIT'ER-AL, a. [L. quinque and litera.] Con- j 
sisting of five letters. M. Stuart. ' 



aUIN'aUE-LO-BATE, ) a. [L. quinque and lobus.] Five 

aUIN'aUE-LoBED, i lobed. 

aUIN-aUE-LO€ U-LAR, a. [L. quinque and loculus.] 
Five-celled ; having five cells. 

aUIN-aUEN'NI-AL, a. [L. q^uinquennalis.] Occurring 
once in five years, or lasting five years. 

aUIN-aUEP'AR-TITE, a. [L. quinque and partitus.] 1. 
Divided into five parts almost to the base. 2. Consisting 
of five parts. 

aUIN aUE-REME, n. [L. quinque and rrnius.] A galley 
having five seats or rows of oars. 

aUIN'aUE-VALVE, ) a. [L. quinque and valvae.] 

QUIN aUE-VALVU-LAR, \ Having five valves, as a 
pericarp. 

Q.UIiV'Q,UE-ViR, n. [L. quinque and vir.] One of an order 
of five priests in Rome. 

Q.UIN'SY, n. [Fr. esquinancie, squinancie ; It. squinanzia , 
Sp. esquinancia.] 1. An inflammatioLi of the throat ; a 
species of angina which renders respiration difficult, or 
intercepts it. 2. An inflammation of the fauces, particu- 
larly of the tonsils. 

Q,UINT, n. [L. quintus ; Fr. quinte.] A set or sequence of 
five ; as in piquet. 

ClUINT'AIN, 71. [Fr. quintaine.] Apost with a turning top. 

aUINT'AL, 77. [Fr. quintal; It. quintale.] A hundred 
pounds in weight ; or a weight of that number of pounds ; 
sometimes written and pronounced kentle. 

* aUIN-TES'SENCE, 7(. [L. quinta essentia.] 1. In al- 
chemy, the fifth or last and highest essence of power in a 
natural body. 2. An extract from any thing, containing 
its virtues or most essential part in a small quantity. — 3. 
In chemistry, a preparation consisting of the essential oil 
of a vegetable substance, mixed and incorporated with 
spirit of wine. 4. The pure, essential part of a thing. 

aUIN-TES-SEN'TIAL, a. Consisting of quintessence. 



Q,UINT'ILE, 71. [li. quintus.] The aspect of planets wheii 
distant from each other the fi " " 
degrees. 



fifth part of the zodiac, or 72 



Q,UINT'IN, n. [Fr. quintaine ; W. gwintan.] An upright 
post, on the top of which turned a cross piece, on one end 
of which was fixed a broad board, and on the other a sand 
bag. 

aUINT'U-PLE, a. [L. quintuplus.] Five-fold ; containing 
five times the amount. Graunt. 

QUIP, 71. [W. ^wip, gwipiaw.] A smart, sarcastic turn ; a 
taunt ; a severe retort. Milton. 

Q.UIP, V. t. To taunt ; to treat with a sarcastic retort. 

aUIP, V. i. To scoff. Sidney. 

aUIRE, 71. [Fr. choeur ; It. coro ; L. chorus ; Gr. X°P°^-} 
1. A body of singers ; a chorus. [See Chorus and Choir.] 
Milton. 2. The part of a church where the service -is 
sung. 

aUIRE, n. A collection of paper consisting of twenty-four 
sheets, each having a single fold. 

QUIRE, V. i. To sing in concert or chorus. Shak. 

QUiR'IS-TER, 77. One that sings in concert ; more general- 
ly, the leader of a quire, particularly in divine service ; a 
chorister. 

tQUIR-I-TA'TION, 71. [L. quiritatio.] A crying for help. 

QUIRK, 71. [W. ^wired.] 1. Literally, a turn; a starting 
from the point or line ; hence, an artful turn for evasion 
or subterfuge ; a shift ; a quibble. 2. A fit or turn ; a 
short paroxysm. 3. A smart taunt or retort. 4. A slight 
conceit or quibble. 5. A flight of fancy ; [obs.] 6. An 
irregular air.— 7. In building, a piece of ground taken out 
of any regular ground-plot or floor. 

QUiRK'ISH, a. 1. Consisting of quirks, turns, quibbles or 
artful evasions. Barrow. 2. Resembling a quirk. 

QUiRP'ELE, 71. The Indian ferret, an animal. 

QUIT, V. t.; pret. and pp. quit, or quitted. [Fr. quitter ; It. 
quitare ; Port., Sp. quitar ; D. kwyten ; G. quittiren ; Dan. 
quittcrer ; Sw. quitta.] 1. To leave; to depart from, 
either temporarily or forever. 2. To free ; to clear ; to 
liberate ; to discharge from ; [L u.] 3. To carry through , 
to do or perform something to the end, so that nothing re- 
mains ; to discharge or perform completely. — 4. To quit 
one's self, reciprocally, to clear one's self of incumbent 
duties by full performance. 5. To repay ; to requite, 6. 
To vacate obligation ; to release ; to free from. 7. To 
pay ; to discharge ; hence, to free from. 8. To set free ; 
to release ; to absolve ; to acquit. 9. To leave ; to give 
up; to resign; to relinquish. 10. To pay; [obs.] 11. 
To forsake ; to abandon.— To quit cost, to pay ; to free 
from by an equivalent ; to reimburse.— To quit scores, to 
make even ; to clear mutually from demands by mutual 
equivalents given. 

QUIT, a. Free ; clear ; discharged from ; absolved. 

QUI TAM, [L.] A qui tarn action, in law, is a popular ac- 
tion, in which a man prosecutes an offender for the king 
or state, as well as for himself. 

QUITCH'-GRASS, 7i. [properly quick-grass.] Dog-grass ; 
a syiecies of grass which roots deeply and is not easily 
killed. 

QUiT'CLAIM, V. t. [quit and claim.] To release a claim by 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I O, C, % long.—FXR, FALL, WH^T j-FRfiY j— PIN, MARINE, BIRD j— t Obsolete 



RAB 



665 



kab 



deed without covenants of warranty ; to convey to another 
who hcith some right in lands or tenements, all one's right, 
title and interest in the estate, by relinquishing all claim 
to them. Hlackstone. 

CiUIT'eLAIM, 11. A deed of release ; an instrument by 
which all claims to an estate are relinquished to another 
without any covenant of warranty, express or implied. 
Z.Swift. 

aUIT'CLAIMED, pp. Released by deed. 

aUlT'eLAlM-lNG,p;)r. Conveying by deed of release. 

(IIJITE, adv. [from quit.] Completely j wholly ; entirely j 
totally ; perfectly ; as, the work is not quite done. 

QUIT'-RENT, n. [L. quietus redittis.] A rent reserved in 
grants of land, by the payment of wliich the tenant is 
quieted or quit from all other service. 

QUITS, ado. [from quit.] An exclamation used when mu- 
tual demands are adjusted and the parties are even, each 
quit of the other. 

QUIT'TA-BLE, a. That may be vacated; that may be 
given up. Markland. 

aUIT'TAL, n. Return; repaymen. Shak. 

aUlT'TANCE, n. [Fr.] 1. Discharge from a debt or obli- 
gation ; an acquittance. Shak. 2. Recompense ; return ; 
repayment. Shak. 

t aUIT'TANCE, V. t. To repay. Shak. 

QUIT'TED, pp Left ; relinquished ; acquitted. 

aUIT'TER, n. 1. One who quits. 2. A deliverer ; [obs.] 
Ainswortk. 3. Scoria of tin. Ainsworth. 

aUIT'TER-BONE, n. In farriery, a hard, round swelling 
on the coronet, between the heel and the quarter. 

QUIVER, n. [qu. Fr. couvrir.'] A case or sheath for arrows. 

t QUIVER, a. Nimble: active. Shak. 

QUIVER, V. i. [D. huiveren.] 1. To shake or tremble ; to 
quake ; to shudder ; to skiver. 2. To play or be agitated 
with a tremulous motion, 

QUIVERED, a. [from the neun quiver.] 1. Furnished 
with a quiver. Milton. 2. Sheathed as in a quiver. 

QUIVER-ING, ppr. Trembling, as with cold or fear ; mov- 
ing with a tremulous agitation. 

QUIVER-ING, 71. The act of shaking or trembling ; agita- 
tion. Sidney. 

QUIX-OT'I€, a. Like Don Quixote ; romantic to extrava- 
gance. 

QtJIX'OT-ISM, n. Romantic and absurd notions; schemes 
or actions like those of Don Quixote. 

QUIZ, 7i. [Norm, quis, qui..] An enigma ; a riddle or ob- 
scure question. 

QUIZ, V. t. To puzzle. [JSTot an elegant icord.] 

QUO WAR'RAN-TO. In Law Latin, a writ brought be- 
fore a proper tribunal, to inquire by what warrant a per- 
son or corporation exercises certain powers. 

QUOB, V. i. [W. gwapiaw.] To move, as the fetus in ute- 
ro ; to throb. [Local and little used.] 

QUOD. The same as quoth, he saith. Chaucer. 

QUOD'LI-BET, n. [L. what you please.] A nice point ; a 
subtilty. Prior. 

QUOD-LIB-E-Ta'RI-AN, n. One who talks and disputes 
on any subject at pleasure. 



1 QUOD-LI-BET'I-CAL, a. Not restrained to a parliculai 
subject ; moved or discussed at plfiasiu"e for Gurioi'ivy or 
entertainment. 

QUOu-L1-BET'I-€AL-LY, adv. At pleasure ; for curiosi- 
ty ; so as to be deuated for entertainment. 

QUOIF, n. [Ft. coiffe.] A cap or hood. [See Coif.] Shak. 

QUOIF, V. t. To cover cr dress with a coif. Addison. 

QUOIF'FURE, n. A head dress. Addison. 

QUOIL. See Coil, the better word. 

QUOIN, n. [Fr. coi/i, a corner ; Sp. cuna. See Coin.] 1 
A corner. 2. Aji instrument to raise any tiling ; a wedge 
employed to raise cannon. — 3. In architecture, the corner 
of a brick or stone wall. 

QUOIT, 71. [D. coite.] 1. A kind of horse-shoe to be pitch 
ed or thrown at a fixed object in play. — In common prac- 
tice, a plain flat stone is used for this purpose. — 2. In some 
authors, the discus of the ancients, thrown in trials of 
strength. 

QUOIT, V. i. To throw quoits ; to play at quoits. Dryden. 

t QUOIT, V. t. To throw. Shak. 

QUOLL, n. An animal of New Holland. 

QUON'DAM, used adjectively. [L.] Having been formerly ; 
former; as, a quondam friend. Shak. 

t QUOOK, pret. of quake. Spenser. 

QUOP." See Quob. 

QUo'RUM, 71. [L. gen. plu. of qui.] 1. A bench of jus- 
tices, or such a number of officers or members as is com- 
petent by law or constitution to transact business. 2. A 
special commission of justices. 

QUo'TA, 71. [Li.quotiis; It., Sp. quota.] A just part or 
share ; or the share, part or proportion assigned to each. 

* QUO-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of i^uoting or citing. 2. 
The passage quoted or cited ; the part of a book or writing 
named, repeated or adduced as evidence or illustration. — 
3. In mercantile language, the naming of the price of com- 
modities ; or the price specified to a correspondent. 4. 
Quota ; share ; [obs.] 

* QUOTE, V. t. [Fr. quottr, now coter.] 1. To cite, as a 
passage from some author ; to name, f<^peat or adduce a 
passage from an author or speaker, by way of authority or ' 
illustration. — 2. In commerce, to name, as the price of an 
article. 3. To note. 

* I QUOTE, n. A note upon an author. Cotgrave 

* QUoT'ED, pp. Cited ; adduced ; named. 

* QUoT'ER, 71. One that cites the words of an author or 
speaker. 

* QUoTH, V. i. [Sax. cwytlian, cythan ; Goth, quithan.] To 
say ; to speak. This verb is defective, being used only in 
the first and third persons in the present and past tenses, 
as quoth I, quoth he ; and the nominative always follows 
the verb. 

* QUO-TID'I-AN, a. [L. quotidiaiius.] Daily ; occurring or 
returning daily. 

*QUO-TIDI-AN, 7!. 1. A fever whose paroxysms return 
every day. 2. Any thing returning daily. 

*QUo'TIENT,7i. [Fr.; L. quoties.] In arit/i7He«Jc, the number 
resulting from the division of one number by another, and 
showing how often a less number is contained in a greater. 



R 



Ris the eighteenth letter of the English Alphabet, and an 
articulation sui generis, having little or no resemblance 
in pronunciation to any other letter. But from the posi- 
tion of the tongue in uttering it, it is commutable with I, 
into ^yhich letter it is changed in many words by the 
Spaniards and Portuguese, and some other nations ; as I 
is also changed into r. It is numbered among the liquids 
and semi-vowels, and is sometimes called the canine let- 
ter. Its English uses, which are uniform, may be under- 
stood by the customary pronunciation of rod, rose, bar, 
bare, barren, brad, pride, drown. — In words which We 
have received from the Greek language, we follow the 
Latins, who wrote h after r, as rhapsody, rheum, rhetoric. 

As an abbreviation, R., in English, stands for rez, king, as 
George R. 

As a numeral, R, m Roman authors, stands for 80, and, with 
a dash over it, R, for 80,000. 

RA, as an inseparable pre,fix or preposition, is the Latin re, 
coming to us through the Italian and French, and prima- 
rily signifying again, repetition. See Re. 

RA-BaTE', v. t. [Fr. rabattre ; It. rabbattere.] In falconry, 
to recover a hawk to the fist. Ainsicorth. 

\ RA-Ba'TO, 77. [Fr. rabat.] A neckband or rufi". 

RAB'BET, v. t. [Fr. raboter.] To pare down the edge 
of a board or other piece of timber, for the purpose of re- 
ceiving the edge of another piece by lapping and thus 
uniting the two. 2. To lap and unite the edges of boards. 



&c. — In ship carpentry, to let the edge of a plank into the 

keel. 
RAB'BET, 7i. A cut on the side of a board, &c. to fit it to 

another by lapping ; a joint made by lapping boards, &c. 
RAB'BET-ED, pp^ Pared down at the edge ; united by a 

rabbet joint. 
RAB'BET-ING, ppr. Paring down the edge of a board 

unitins by a rabbet joint. 
RAB'BET-PLANE, n. A joiner's plane for paring or cut- 
ting square down Uie edge of a board, &c. Jiloxon 
RABBI, I n [Ch. J<3">.] A title assumed by the Jewish 
RAB'BIN, \ doctors, signifying master or lord. 
RAB-BIN'I€, ) a. Pertaining to the Rabbins, or to their 
RAB-BIN'I-€AL, \ opinions, learning and language. 
RAB-BIN'I€, 72. The language or dialect of the Rabbins ; 

the later Hebrew. 
RAB'BIN-ISM, 7). A Rabbinic expression or phraseology ; a 

peculiarity of the language of the Rabbins. 
RAB'BIN-IST, n. Among the Jeios, one who adhered to the 

Talmud and the traditions of the Rabbins. 
RAB'BIN-ITE, n. The same as Rabbinist. 
RAB'BIT, 7i. [said to be from the Belgic roMe, robbeken.} 

A small quadruped, of the genus lepus, which feeds on 

grass or other herbage, and burrows in the earth. 
RAB'BLE, 71. [L. rabula; Dan. raaber ; B. rabbelen.] 1 

A tumultuous crowd of vulgar, noisy people ; the mob ; a 

confused, disorderly crowd. 2. The lower class of people, 



♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K j G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in f A?:*, f Obsolete 



RAC e 

wither t reference to an assembly j the dregs of the peo- 
ple. 
RAB'BLE, V. i. To speak in a confused manner. 
RAB'BLE-CHARM'ING, a. Charming the rabble, 
t RAB'BLE-MENT, n. A tumultuous crowd of low people. 
BAB-DOL'0-6Y, n. [Gr. pa^Sog and \oyos.] A method 
of performing mathematical operations by little square 
rods. 
RAB'Ili a. [L. rabidus.] Furious ; raging ; mad ; as a rabid 

dog or wolf 
RAB ID-NESS, n. Furiousness ; madness. 
RAB'IN-ET, n. A kind of smaller ordnance. Ainsworth. 
RA'€A, n. A Syriac word signifying empty, beggarly, fool- 
ish ; a term of extreme contempt. Matt. v. 
RACE, n. [Fr. race.] 1. The lineage of a family, or con- 
tinued series of descendants from a parent who is called 
tlie stock. 9. A generation ; a family of descendants. 
3. A particular breed. 4. A root; as race-ginger. 5. A 
particular strength or taste of wine ; a kind of tartness. 
Temple. Messenger. 
RACE, n. [D. ras ; Sw. resa.] 1. A running ; a rapid 
comse or motion, either on the feet, on horseback, or in a 
carriage, &c. ; particularly, a contest in running ; a run- 
ning in competition for a prize. 2. Any running with 
speed. 3. A progress ; a course ; a movement or progres- 
sion of any kind. 4. Course ; train ; process ; [ote.] 5. 
A strong or rapid current of water, or the channel or 
passage for such a current. 6. By way of distinction, a 
contest in the running of horses ; generally in the plural. 
RACE, V. i. To run swiftly ; to run or contend in running. 
RACE-6IN'GER, n. Ginger in the root, or not pulverizedr 
RaCE'-HORSE, 71. A horse bred or kept for running in 

contest ;_a horse that runs in competition. 
RAC-E-Ma'TION, n [L. racemus.] 1. A cluster, as of 

grapes. 2. The cuUivation of clusters of grapes. 
RAC'EME, n. [L. racemus.] In botany, a species of inflo- 
rescence. Martyn. 
RAC-E-MIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. racemus and fero.] Bearing 

racemes or clusters. Asiat. Res. 
RAC'E-MOUS, a. Growing in racemes or clusters. Encyc. 
Ra'CER, n. A runner ; one that contends in a race. 
RACH. n. [Sax. rmcc ; Fr. braque.] A setting dog. 
Ra'CI-NESS, 11. The quality of being racy. 
RACK, n. [D. rek, rekker ; Sax. racan, rcBcan.] I. An en- 
gine of torture, used for extorting confessions from crimi- 
nals or suspected persons. 2. Torture ; extreme pain ; 
anguish. 3. Any instrument for stretching or extending 
any thing. 4. A grate on which bacon is laid. 5. A 
wooden frame of open work, in which hay is laid for 
horses and cattle for feeding. 6. The frame of bones of 
an animal ; a skeleton. 7. A frame of timber on a ship's 
bowsprit. 
RACK, n. [Sax. hracca ; W. rhac] The neck and spine of 

a fore quarter of veal or mutton. 
RACK, n. [Sax. rec, rccan.] Properly, vapor ; hence, thin, 
flying, broken clouds, or any portion of floating vapor in 
the sky. 
RACK, w. [for arrack. See Arrack.] Among the Tartars, 

a spirituous liquor made of mare's milk. 

RACK, V. i. [Sax. recan.] 1. Properly, to steam ; to rise, 

as vapor ; [see Reek.] 2. To fly as vapor or broken clouds. 

RACK, t). t. 1. To torture ; to stretch or strain on the rack 

or wheel. 2. To torment ; to torture ; to affect with 

extreme pain or anguish. 3. To harass by exaction. 4. 

To stretch ; to strain vehemently ; to wrest. 5. To 

stretch ; to extend. 

RACK, V. t. [Ar.] To draw off" from the lees ; to draw off", 

as pure liquor from its sediment. Bacon. 
RACKED, pp. 1. Tortured ; tormented ; strained to the 

utmost. 2. Drawn off", as liquor. 
RACK'ER, n. One that tortures or torments ; one that racks. 
RACK'ET., n. 1. A confused, clattering noise, less loud than 

uproar. 2. Clamor ; noisy talk. Swift. 
RACK'ET, n. A snow shoe. 
RACK-ET, V. i. To make a confused noise or clamor; to 

frolick. Qray 
RACK'ET, 71. [Fv. raquette ^ G. racket; D. raket.] The 

instrument with which players at tennis strike the ball. 
RACK'ET, V. t. To strike as with a racket. Hewyt. 
RACK'ET-Y, a. Making a tumultuous noise. 
RACKING, ppr. ^1. Torturing; tormenting; straining; 

drawing off". 2. a. Tormenting ; excruciating. 
RACK'ING, 71. 1. Torture ; a stretching on the rack. 9. Tor- 
ment of the mind ; anguish. 3. The act of stretching 
cloth on a frame for drying. 4. The act of drawing from 
the sediment, as liquors. 
RACK'ING-PACE, n. The racking-pace of a horse is an 

amble, but with a quicker and shorter tread. 
RACK'-RENT, n. An annual rent of tlie full value of the 

tenement or near it. Blackstone. 
RACK'-RENT-ED, a. Subjected to the payment of rack- 
rent. Franklin. 
RACK'-RENT-ER, n. One that is subjected to pay rack- 
rent. Locke. 



6 RAF 

RACK'LESS, a. Careless The word used in the north of 

England for reckless. 
RAC-OON', n. An American quadruped. It is somewha* 

larger than a fox, and its fur is valuable. 
Ra'CY, a. [Sax. /trffis, or Sp., Port, rail.] Strong; flavor- 

ous ; tasting of the soil ; as, racy wine. Johnson. 
RAD, the old pret. of read. Spenser. 
RAD, RED, ROD, an initial or terminating syllable in 

names, is the D. raad, G. rath, counsel ; as in Conrad, 

powerful in counsel ; Ethelred, noble counsel. 
fRAO'DLE, V. t. To twist; to wind together. 
RAD'DLE, 71. A long stick used in hedging ; also a hedge 

formed by interweaving the shoots and branches of trees 

or shrubs. Todd. 
RAD'DOCK, or RUD'DOCK, n. [from red, ruddy.] A bird, 

the redbreast. Shak. 
Ra'DI-AL, a. [from L. radius.] Pertaining to the radius 

or to the fore arm of the human body. 

* Ra'DI-ANCE, ) n. [L. radians.] Properly, brightness 
* Ra'DI-AN-CY, \ shooting in rays or beams; hence, In 

general, brilliant or sparkling lustre ; vivid brightness. 
*Ra'DI-ANT, a. Shooting or darting rays of light; beam- 
ing with brightness ; emitting a vivid light or splendor. 

* Ra'DI-ANT, n. In optics, the luminous point or object 
from which light emanates, that falls on a mirror or lens. 

* Ra'DI-ANT-LY, adv. With beaming brightness ; with 
glittering splendor. 

* Ra'DI-ATE, v. i. [L. radio.] 1. To issue in rays, as light ; 
to dart, as beams of brightness ; to shine. 2. To issue 
and proceed in direct lines from a point. 

* Ra'DI-ATE, v. t. To enlighten ; to illuminate ; to shed 
light or brightness on. [Usually irradiate ] 

* Ra'DI-ATE, a. In botany, a rayed or radiate coral or flower 
is a compound flower consisting of a disk, in which the 
corollets or florets are tubular and regular, and of a ray, in 
which the florets are irregular. 

* Ra'DI-A-TED, pp. 1. Adorned with rays of light Addi- 
son. 2. Having crystals diverging from a centre. Min- 
eralogy. 

* Ra'DI-A-TING, ppr. Darting rays of light; enlightening. 

* RA-DI-a'TION, n. [L. radiatio.] 1. The emission and 

difl!"usion of rays of light ; beamy brightness. 2. The 
shooting of any thing from a centre, like the diverging rays 
of light. 

RAD'I-CAL, a. [Fr. ; L. radicalis.] 1. Pertaining to the 
root or origin ; original ; fundamental. 2. Implanted by 
nature ; native ; constitutional. 3. Primitive ; original ; 
underived ; uncompounded. 4. Serving to origination. — 
5. In botany, proceeding immediately from the root. 

RAD'I-CAL, n. 1. In philology, a primitive word ; a radix, 
root, or simple, underived, uncompounded word. 2. A 
primitive letter ; a letter that belongs to the radix.— 3. In 
chemistry, an element, or a simple constituent part of a 
substance, which is incapable of decomposition. 

RAD-I-CAL'I-TY, 71 1. Origination. Brown. 2. A being, 
radical ; a quantity which has relation to a root. Bailey. 

RAD'I-CAL-LY, adv. 1. Originally,; at the origin or root ; 
fundamentally. 2. Primitively ; essentially ; originally ; 
without derivation. 

RAD'I-CAL-NESS, n. The state of being radical or funda- 
mental. 

RAD'I-CANT, a. [L. radicans.] In botany, rooting. Zee. 

RAD'I-CATE, V. t. [L. radicatus.] To root ; to plant deep- 
ly and firmly. Olanville. 

RAD'I-CA^ED, j VP- or a. Deeply planted. Burke. 
RAD-I-Ca'TION, n. 1. The process of taking root deeply. 

2. In botany, the disposition of the root of a plant with 

respect to the ascending and descending caudex and the 

radicles. 
RAD'I-CLE, 71. [L. radicula.] 1. That part of the seed of 

a plant which upon vegetating becomes the root. 2. The 

fibrous part of a root, by which the stock or main body of 

it is terminated. 
RA-DI-OM'E-TER, n. [L. radius, and Gr. ixerpov.] The 

forestaff", an instrument for taking the altitudes of celestial 

bodies. 
RAD'ISH,7i. [Sax.rmdic; B.radijs; G.radiess; Ir. raidis.] 

A plant of the genus raphanus, the root of which is eaten 

raw. , 

* Ra'DI-US, 71. [L. ] 1. In geometry, a right line drawn or 
extending from the centre of a circle to the periphery, 
and hence thesemidiameter of the circle.— 2. In anatomy, 
the exterior bone of the fore arm, descending along with 
the ulna from the elbow to the wrist.— 3. In botany, a ray ; 
the outer part or circumference of a compound radiate 
flower, or radiated discous flower. 

Ra'DIX, n. [L.] In etymology, a primitive word from 
which spring other words. — 2. In logarithms, the base of 
any system of logarithms, or that number whose logarithm 
is unity. — 3. In algebra, radix sometimes denotes the root 
of a finite expression, from which a series is derived. 

fRAFF, 7;.t. [G. 7-c#'e7i.] To sweep; to snatch, draw or 
huddle together ; to take by a promiscuous sweep. 



St6 Synovsis, S, E. I, O, tJ, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WH^T 5— PREY ;— PlN. MARINE, BIRD ;- f Obsolete 



RAI 



667 



RAK 



RAFF, n. 1. The sweepings of society ; the rabble ; the 
mob [colluvies.] This is used chiefly in the compound or 
duplicate, riffraff. 2. A promiscuous heap or collection ; 
a jumble. 

RAF'FLE, V. i. [Fr. rafter.] To cast dice for a prize, for 
which each person concerned in the game lays down a 
stake or hazards a part of the value. 

RAF'FLE, n. A game of chance, or lottery in which sever- 
al persons deposit a pait of the value of the thing, in 
consideration of the chance of gaining it. 

RAF'FLER, n. One who raffles. 

RAF'FIAJUG, ppr. The act of throwing dice for a prize 
staked by a number. 

RAFF'-MER-CHANT, n. A timber-merchant ; a raft-mer- 
chant. Yorkshire, Eng. 

RAFT, 71. [Dan. raft ; Sax. reafian.] An assemblage of 
boards, planks or pieces of timber fastened together hori- 
zontally and floated down a stream ; a float. Pope. 

fRAFTj^p. [Sax. reafian.] Torn j rent; severed. 

RAFT'ER, n. [Sax. rcefter.] A roof timber ; a piece of 
timber that extends from the plate of a building to the 
ridge, and serves to support the covering of the roof. Pope. 

RAFT'ERED, a. Built or furnished with rafters. 

RAFT'Y, a. Damp ; musty. [Local.] Robinson. 

RAG, 71. [Sax. hracod ; Dan. ragerie.] 1. Any piece of 
cloth torn from the rest ; a tattered cloth, torn or worn till 
its texture is destroyed. 2. Garments worn out ; prover- 
bially, mean dress. 3. A fragment of dress. 

RAG, V. t. [qu. Sax. wregian.] To scold ; to rail. [Local.] 

, RaMI-BASH, or RAG'A-BRASH, n. An idle, ragged 
person. 

RAG-A-MUF'FIN, n. [qu. rag, and Sp. mofar.] A paltry 
fellow ; a mean wretch. Swtft. 

RAG'-BoLT, 71. An iron pin with barbs on its shank to re- 
tain it in its place. Mar Diet. 

*jlA6E, n. [Fr. rage.] 1. Violent anger accompanied with 
furious words, gestures or agitation ; anger excited to fury. 
2. Vehemence or violent exacerbation of any thing pain- 
~ful. 3. Fury; extreme violence. 4, Enthusiasm ; rapture. 
5. Extreme eagerness or passion directed to some object. 

RAGE, V. i. 1. To be furious with anger ; to be exasperated 
to fury ; to be violently agitated with passion. 2. To be 
violent and tumultuous. 3. To be violently driven or 
agitated. 4. To ravage ; to prevail without restraint, or 
with fatal eflect. 5. To i»d driven with impetuosity ; to 
act or move furiously. 6. To toy wantonly ; to sport ; 
[obs.] 

RaGE'FUL, a. Full of rage ; violent ; furious Sidney. 

IRa'GER-Y, 71. Wantonness. Chaucer. 

RAGK5, n. Rowley ragg, a species of silicious stone. 

RAG'GED, a. [from rag.] 1. Rent or worn into tatters, or 
till its texture is broken. 2. Broken with rough edges ; 
uneven. 3. Having the appearance of being broken or 
torn ; jagged ; rough with sharp or irregular points. 4. 
Wearing tattered clothes. 5. Rough ; rugged. 

RAG'GED-NESS, n. 1. The state of being dressed in tat- 
tered clothes. 2. The state of being rough or broken 
irregularly. 

R A'GING, p;>r. [from raore.] 1, Acting with violence or fury. 
2. a Furious; impetuous; vehemently driven or agitated. 

Ra'GING, n. Fury; violence; impetuosity. Jonah i. 

RA'GING-LY, adv. With fury ; with violent Impetuosity. 
Hall. 

RAG'MAN,7i. A man who collects or deals in rags. 

RAG'MAN'S-RoLL, n. A roll or register of the value of 
benefices in Scotland, made by Ragimund. See Rigma- 
role. 

RA-GoUT', ) , ,^ ^ 71. [Fr. ragout; Arm. ragoud.] A 

RA-GOO', \^ ^ ' ( sauce or seasoning for excitmg a 
languid appetite ; or a high-seasoned dish, prepared with 
fish, flesh, greens and the like, stewed with salt, pepper, 
cloves, &c. 

RAG'STONE, n. A stone of the silicious kind. 

RAG'WoRT, n. A plant of the genus senecio. 

RAIL, 71. [G. riegel; W.rhail.] 1. A cross-beam fixed at 
the ends in two upright posts. — 2. In the United States, a 
piece of timber, cleft, hewed or sawed, rough or smooth, 
inserted in upright posts for fencing. 3. A bar of wood 
or iron used for inclosing any place ; the piece into which 
baki;.ters are inserted. 4. A series of posts connected 
witli cross-beams, by which a place is inclosed. — 5. In a 
ship, a narrow plank nailed for ornament or security on a 
ship's upper works. 

RAIL, n. A bird of the genus rallus. Encyc. 

RaIL, 71. [Sax. hriBgle, rcegle.] A woman's upper gar- 
ment; retained in the word nightrail. 

RAIL, V. t. 1. To inclose with rails. 2. To range in a line. 

RAIL, V. i. [D. rallen ; Sp. rallar.] To utter reproaches ; 
to scofi"; to use insolent and reproachful language ; to re- 
proach or censure in opprobrious terms. Swift. 

RAIL'-BtRD, 71. A bird of the genus cuculus. 

RAIL'ER, 77. One who scoffs, insults, censures or reproaches 
with opprobrious language. South. 



RAIL'ING, ppr. 1. Clamoring with insulting larigungfl, 
uttering reproachful words. 2. a. Expressing reproach , 
insulting. 

RAIL ING, 71. Reproachful or insolent language. 1 Pet. iii. 

RaIIVING, ppr. Inclosing with rails. 

RaIL'ING, n. ]. A series of lails ; a fence. 2. Rails in 
general ; or the scantling for raib. 

RAIL'ING-LY, adv. With scoffing or insulting language. 

*RAIL'LER-Y, or RAL'LbVRY, n. [Fr. raillerie.] Banter j 
jesting language ; good-humored pleasantry or slight sa- 
tire ; satirical merriment. Addison. 

fRAIL'LEUK, 77. [Fr.] A banterer ; a jester ; a mocker. 

RAI'MENT, V. [for arrayment.] 1. Clothing in general ; 
vestments ; vesture ; garments. 2. A single garment. 

RAIN, v.i. [Sax. hregnan, regnan, reman, niiau ; Goth. 
rign,] 1 To fall in drops from the clouds, as water ; 
u^ed mostly with it for a nominative. 2. To fall or drop 
like rain. 

RAIN, V. t. To pour or shower down from the upper re- 
gions, like rain from the clouds. 

RAIN, 71. [Sax. roign, regn, ren.] The descent of water 
in drops_from the clouds ; or the water thus falling. 

IRAIN'BeAT, a. Beaten or injured by the rain. Hall. 

RAIN'BoW, n. A bow, or an arch of a circle, consisting of 
all the colors formed by the refraction and reflection of 
rays of light from drops of rain or vapor, appearing in the 
part of the hemisphere ». pposite to the sun. 

RAIN'-DEER, n. [Sax. hrana.] The rane, a species of 
the cei-vine genus. 

RAIN'I-NESS, 71. The state of being rainy. 

RA!N'WA-TER, n. Water that has fallen from the clouds. 

RAIN'Y, a. Abounding with rain ; wet ; showery. 

RAIP, n. A rod to measure ground. 

RAISE, (raze) v. t. [Goth, raisyan, ur-raisyan.] 1. To lift ; 
to take up ; to heave ; to lift from a low or reclining pos- 
ture. 2. To set upright. 3. To set up ; to erect ; to set 
on its foundations and put together. 4. To build. 5. To 
rebuild. 6. To form to some height by accumulation. 7. 
To make ; to produce ; to amass. 8. To enlarge ; to am- 
plify. S/iaA:. 9. To exalt; to elevate in condition. 10. To 
exalt ; to advance ; to promote in rank or honor. 11. To 
enhance; to increase. 12. To increase in current value. 
13. To excite ; to put in motion or action. 14. To excite 
to sedition, insurrection, war or tumult; to stir up. 15. 
To arouse ; to awake ; to stir up. 16. To increase in 
strength ; to excite from languor oi weakness. 17. To 
give beginning of importance to ; to elevate into reputa- 
tion. 18. To bring into being. 19. To bring from a state 
of death to life. 20. To call into view from the state of 
separate spirits. 21. To invent and propagate ; to origin- 
ate ; to occasion. 22. To set up ; to excite ; to begin l)y 
loud utterance. 23. To utter loudly ; to begin to sound 
or clamor. 24. To utter with more strength or elevation ; 
to swell. 25. To collect; to obtain ; to bring into a sum 
or fund. 26. To levy ; to collect ; to bring into service. 
27. To give rise to. 28. To cause to grow ; to procure to 
be produced, bred or propagated. JVew England. 29. To 
cause to swell, heave and become light. 30. To excite , 
to animate with fresh rigor. 31. To ordain ; to appoint , 
or to call to and prepare ; to furnish with gifts and qualifi- 
cations suited to a purpose ; a Scriptural sense. 32. To 
keep in remembrance. Ruth iv. 33. To cause to exist by 
propagation. Matt. xxii. 34. To incite ; to prompt. Ezra 
i. 35. To increase in intensity or strength. — 36. In sea- 
men's language, to elevate, as an object by a gradual ap- 
proach to it ; to bring to be seen at a greater angle. 

To raise a purchase, in seamen^s language, is to dispose in- 
struments or machines in such a manner as to exert any 
mechanical force required. — To raise a siege, is to remove 
a besieging army, and relinquish an attempt to take the 
place. 

RAISED, pp. Lifted ; elevated ; exalted ; promoted ; set 
upright ; built ; made or enlarged ; produced ; enhanced ; 
excited ; restored to life ; levied j collected ; roused ; in- 
vented and propagated ; increased. 

RAIS'ER, n. One who raises ; that which raises; one that 
builds ; one that levies- or collects ; one that begins, pro- 
duces or propagates. Bacon, Taylor. 

*RAIS'IN, (razn) n. [Fr., Jr.; Arm. rcesin, resin i D 
roiyn : G. rosine.] A dried grape. 

RAIS'I-NG,7)p-. Lifting; elevating ;jSetting upright ; exalt- 
ing; producing; enhancing; restoring to life ; collecting, 
levying ; propagating, <Stc. 

RAIS'ING, 71. 1. The act of lifting, setting up, elevating, 
exalting, producing, or restoring to life. — 2. In JVe?c £71^-- 
land, the operation or work of setting up the frame of a 
building. 

RA'JAH, or RA'JA, 71. [L. rex, regis.] In India, a prince. 
Encrjc. 

RA'JAH-SHTP, 71. The dignity or principality of a rajah. 

RAKE, n. [Sax.raca, race; G.rechsn; Ir.raca.] An in- 
strument consisting of a head-piece, in which teeth are 
inserted, and a long handle ; used for collecting hay or 
other light things. 



' See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE € as K ; G as J ; S as Z : CH as SH ; TH as in this. ^Obsolete 



RAM 



668 



KAN 



£AKB, n [Dan. rcskel.] A loose, disorderly, vicious man ; 
a man addicted to lewdness and other scandalous vicei. 
Pope. 

RAKE, n. [Sax. racan.] 1. The projection of the upper 
parts of a ship, at the height of the stem and stem, be- 
yond the extremities of the keel. 2. The inclination of a 
maat from a perpendicular direction. 

RAKTSi, V. t. [Sax. racian ; Sw.raka; Ban. rager.] 1. Prop- 
erly, to sicrape ; to rub or scratch with something rough. 
2. To gather with a rake. 3. To clear with a rake ; to 
smooth with a rake. 4. To collect or draw together 
something scattered ; to gather by violence. 5. To scour ; 
to search "Vich eagerness all corners of a place. — 6. In the 
military art, to enfilade ; to fire in a direction with the 
length of any thing ; particularly in naval engagements, 
to rake is to cannonade a ship on the stern or head, so 
that the balls range the whole length of the deck.— To 
rake up, applied to fire, is to cover the fire with Eishes. 

RAKE, V. i. 1. To scrape ; to scratch into for finding some- 
thing; to search minutely and meanly. 2. To search 
with minute inspection into every part. 3. To pass 
with violence or rapidity. 4. To seek by raking. 5. 
To lead a dissolute, debauched life. 6. To incline from 
a perpendicular direction. 

RaKED, pp. Scraped ; gathered with a rake ; cleaned with 
a rake ; cannonaded fore and aft. 

RaKE'HELL, 71. [Dan. rcekel.] A lewd, dissolute fellow ; a 
debauchee ; a rake 

RAKE'HELL, a. Base ; wild ; outcast ; worthless Spea- 
ser. 

RaKE'HEL-LY, a. Dissolute 3 wild. B.Jonson. 

RaK'ER, 11. One that rakes 

RaKE'SHAME, 71. A vile, dissolute wretch, Milton. 

RaK'ING, ppr. 1. Scraping ; gathering with a rake ; clean- 
ing and smoothing with a rake ; cannonading in the direc- 
tion of the length ; inclining. 2. a. That rakes. 

RaK'ING, n. 1. The act of using a rake ; the act or opera- 
tion of collecting with a rake, or of cleaning and smoothing 
with a rake. 2. The space of ground raked at once ; or 
the quantity of hay, &c. collected by once passing the 
rake. 

RaK'ISH, a. Given to a dissolute life ; lewd ; debauched. 

RaKISH-NESS, n. Dissolute practices. 

RAL'LY, V. t. [Fr. railier.] 1. To reunite ; to collect and 
reduce to order troops dispersed or thrown into confusion. 

2. To collect ; to unite ; as things scattered. 
RAL'LY, V. t. [Fr. railier.] To treat with good humor and 

pleasantry, or with slight contempt or satire, according to 
the nature of the case. 

RAL'LY, V. i, 1. To assemble ; to unite. 2. To come back 
to order. 3. To use pleasantry or satirical merriment. 

RAL'LY, n. 1. The act of bringing disordered troops to their 
ranks. 2. Exercise of good humor or satirical merri- 
ment. 

RAM, 71. [Sax., D. ram; G. ramm.] 1. The male of the 
sheep or ovme genus ; in some parts of England called a 
tup, — 2. In astronomy, Aries, the sign of the zodiac which 
the sun enters on the 21st of March. 3. An engine of 
war, used formerly for battering and demolishing the walls 
of cities ; called a battering-ram. 

RAM, V. t. [G. ramm 671 ; D. rammeijen ; Dan. ram/er.] I. 
To thrust or drive with violence ; to force in ; to drive 
down or together. 2. To drive, as with a battering ram. 

3. To stuff; to cram. 

RAM, a. Stinking. Morth of England. 

RAM'A-DAN, n. Among the Mohammedans, a solemn sea- 
son of fasting. 

RAM' AGE, n. [L. ramus ; Fr. ramage.] 1. Branches of 
trees ; [obs,] 2. The warbling of birds sitting on boughs. 
- See Rummage. 

t RAM' AGE, a. [Old Fr. ramaage.] Wild; shy. Chaucer. 

RAM'BLE, v.i. [It. ramengare.] 1. To rove; to wander; 
to walk, ride or sail from place to place, without any de- 
terminate object in view ; or to visit many places ; to rove 
carelessly or irregularly. 2. To go at large without re- 
straint and without direction. 3. To move without cer- 
tain direction. 

RAM'BLE, n. A roving ; a wandering ; a going or moving 
from place to place without any determinate business or 
object; an irregular excursion. 

RAM'BLER, n. One that rambles ; a rover ; a wanderer. 

R AM'BLING, ppr. Roving; wandering; moving or going 
irregularly, 

RAM'BLING n. A roving ; irregular excursion. South. 

RAM'BOOZE, ) n. A drink made of wine, ale, eggs and 

RAM'BUSE, ) sugar in winter, or of wine, milk, sugar 
and rose-water in summer. Bailey. 

RAiM'E-KIN, } n. [Fr. ramequin.] In cookery, small 

RAM'E-Q.UINS, \ slices of bread covered with a farce of 
cheese and eggs. 

RAM'ENTS,7i.[L.rfflTOe?!ia.] 1. Scrapings ; shavings; [obs.] 
—2. In botany, loose scales on the stems of plants. Lbme. 

Ra'ME-OUS, a. [L. ramus.] In botany, belonging to a 
branch ; growing on or shooting from a branch. Lee. 



RAM-I-FI-€a'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The process of branching 
or shooting branches from a stem. 2. A branch ; a small 
division proceedmg from a main stock or channel. 3. A 
division or subdivision. — 4. In botany, the manner in 
which a tree produces its branches or boughs. 5. The 
production of figures resembling branches. Eucyc. 

RAM'I-FlED, pp. Divided into branches. 

RAM'I-FY, V. t. [Fr. ramifier.] To divide into branches or 
parts. 

RAM'I-FY, V. i. 1. To shoot into branches, as the stem of a 
plant. 2. To be divided or subdivided. 

R AM'I-FY-ING , ^;7r. Shooting into branches or divisions. 

RAM'ISH, a. [Dan. ram.] Rank; strong-scented. 

RAM'ISH-NESS, n. Rankness ; a strong scent. 

RAMMED, pp. [See Ram.] Driven forcibly. 

RAM'MER, 71. 1. One that rams or drives. 2. An instru- 
ment for driving any thing with force. 3. A gun-stick ; 
a ramrod ; a rod for forcing down the charge of a gun. 

RAM'MING, ppr. Driving with force. 

RAM'MY, a. Like a ram ; strong-scented. Burton. 

RA-MOON', n. A tree of America. 

Ra'MOUS, a. [L. ramosus.] I. In botany, branched, as a 
stem or root ; having lateral divisions. 2. Branchy ; con- 
sisting of branches ; full of branches. 

RAMP, v.i. [¥x. Tamper ; It. rampa,rampare.] 1. To climb, 
as a plant ; to creep up. 2 To spring ; to leap ; to bound ; 
to prance ; to frolick. In this sense usually written and 
pronounced romp. 

RAMP, n. A leap ; a spring ; a bound. Milton. 

RAM-PALL'IAN, n. A mean wretch. Shak. 

RAMP'AJN-CY, 7!. Excessive grow ih or practice ; excessive 
prevalence ; exuberance ; extravagance. South. 

RAMP'ANT, a. [Fr.] 1. Overgrowing the usual bounds; 
rank in growth ; exuberant. 2. Overleaping restraint. — 
3. In heraldry, applied to the lion, leopard or other beast, 
rampant denotes the animal reared and standing on his 
hind legs, in the posture of climbing. 

RAMTART, n. [Fr. rempart.] 1. In fortification, an eleva- 
tion or mound of earth round a place, capable of resisting 
cannon shot, and formed into bastions, curtains, &c. 2. 
That which fortifies and defends from assault ; that which 
secures safety. 

t RAM'PART, V. t. To fortify with ramparts. Shak. 

RAM'PI-ON, n. [from ramp.] The name of several plants. 

t RAMP'IRE, 71. The same as rampart. 

RAM'SONS, n. A plant, a species of allium, 

RAN, the pret. of run. In old writers, open robbery. 

RAN-CES'CENT, a. [L, ranceo.] Becoming rancid or sour. 

t RANCH, V. t. [corrupted from wrench.] To sprain ; to in- 
jure by violent straining or contortion. Dryden. 

RAN'CID, a. [L. rancidas.] Having a rank smell ; strong 
scented ; sour ; musty. Arbuthnot. 

RAN-CID'I-TY, \ n. The quality of being rancid ; a strong, 

RAN'CTD-NESS, \ sour scent, as of old oil. 

RAN'€OR, n. [L.] 1. The deepest malignity or spite ; deep- 
seated and implacable malice; inveterate enmity. 2 
Virulence ; corruption. 

RAN'€OR-OUS, a. Deeply malignant ; implaca"bly spiteful 
or malicious ; intensely virulent. 

RAN'€OR-OUS-LY, adv. With deep malignity or spiteful 
malice. 

RAND, 71. [G., D., Dan. rand.] A border ; edge ; margm ; 
as the rand of a shoe. 

RAN'DOM, 71. [Norm., Sax. randun.] 1. A roving motion or 
course without direction ; hence, want of direction, rule 
or method ; hazard ; chance ; used in the phrase at ran- 
dom, that is, without a settled point of direction. 2. 
Course; motion; progression; distanceof a body thrown. 

RAN'DOM, a. 1. Done at hazard or without settled aim or 
purpose ; left to chance 2. Uttered or done without pre- 
vious calculation. 

RAN'DOM-SHOT, n. A shot not directed to a point, or a 
shot with the muzzle of the gmi elevated above a hori- 
zontal Une. Mar. Diet. 

RAN'DY, a. Disorderly ; riotous. [Local.] Grose. 

RANE, ) n. [Sax. /47-a7(a ; Fr. renne ; D. rendier ; G<, 

RaNE'DEER, i rennthier.] A species of deer found in the 
northern parts of Europe and Asia. 

RAN Force, n. The ring of a gun next to the vent. 

RANG, the old pret. of ring. [JVearly obsolete.] 

RANGE, V. t. [Fr. ranger,] 1. To set in a row or in rows ; 
to place in a regular line, lines or ranks ; to dispose in the 
proper order. 2. To dispose in proper classes, orders or 
divisions. 3. To dispose in a proper manner ; to place in 
regular method. 4. To rove over; to pass over. 5. To 
sail or pass in a direction parallel to or near. 

RANGE, V, i. 1. To rove at large ; to wander without re- 
straint or direction. 2. To be placed in order ; to be 
ranked. 3. To lie in a particular direction. 4. To sail 
or pass near or in the direction of. 

RANGE, n. [Fr. ranges.] 1. A row ; u rank ; things in a 
line ; as a range of buildings. 2.. A class ; an order. 3 
A wandering or roving ; excursion. 4. Space or room for 
excursion. 5. Compass or extent of excursion ; space 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, tj, Y, long — FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete 



RAN 



RAP 



taken in by any thing extended or ranked in order. 6. 
Tlie step of a ladder. 7. A kitchen grate. 8. A bolting- 
sieve to sift meal. — 9. In gunnery, tlie path of a bullet or 
bomb, or the line it describes from the mouth of the piece 
to the point where it lodges j or the whole distance which 
it passes. 

RaN6ED, pp. Disposed in a row or line ; placed in order j 
passed in roving ; placed in a particular direction. 

RaNO'ER, w. 1. One that ranges J a rover; arobber; [Lm.] 
2. A dog that beats the ground. — 3. In England, a sworn 
officer of a forest, whose business is to walk through the 
forest, watch the deer, &c. 

RaNG'ER-SHIP, n. The office of the keeper of a forest. 

RaN6'ING, ppr. Placing in a row or line ; disposing in or- 
der, method or classes ; roving j passing near and in the 
direction of. 

RaNG'ING, 71. The act of placing in lines or in order ; a 
roving, &c. 

RANK, n. [Ir. ranc ; W. rhenc ; Arm. rencq ; Fr. rang.] 
1. A row or line, applied to troops ; a line of men standing 
abreast or side by side, and, as opposed to file, a line run- 
ning the length of a company, battalion or regiment. 2. 
Ranks, in the plural, the order of common soldiers. 3. A 
row ; a line of things, or things in a line. 4. Degree ; 
grade; in military affairs^ as the rank of captain. 5. 
Degree of elevation in civil life or station ; the order of 
elevation or of subordination. 6. Class ; order ; division ; 
any portion or number of things to which place, degree 
or order is assigned. 7. Degree of dignity, eminence or 
excellence. 8. Dignity ; high place or degree in the or- 
ders of men. — Rank and file, the, order of common soldiers, 
— To fill the ranks, to supply the whole number, or a com- 
petent number. — To take rank, to enjoy precedence, or to 
have the right of taking a higher place. 

RANK, a. [Sax, ranc j Sp., It. mncio j Ij. ? ancidus.] 1. 
Luxuriant in growth ; being of vigorous growth. 2. Caus- 
ing vigorous growth ; producing luxuriantly ; very rich 
and fertile. 3. Strong-scented. 4. Rancid ; musty. 5. 
Inflamed with venereal appetite. 6. Strong to the taste ; 
high-tasted. 7. Rampant ; high-grown ; raised to a higJi 
degree ; excessive. 8. Gross ; coarse. 9. Strong ; clincli- 
ing. 10. Excessive ; exceeding the actual value. — To set 
rank, as the iron of a plane, to set it so as to take off a 
thick shaving. 

RANK, v.t. 1. To place abreast or in a line. 2. To place 
in a particular class, order or division. 3. To dispose 
methodically ; to place in suitable order. 

RANK, V. i. 1. To be ranged ; to be set or disposed ; as in a 
particular degree, class, order or division . 2.. To be placed 
in a rank or ranks. 3. To have a certain grade or de- 
gree of elevation in the orders of civil or military life. 

RANKED, pp. Placed in a line ; disposed in an order or 
class ; arranged methodically. 

RANK'ER, n. One that disposes in ranks ; one that ar- 
ranges. 

RANK'ING, ppr. Placing in ranks or lines ; arranging ; 
disposing in orders or classes ; having a certain rank or 
grade. 

RAN'KLE, V. i. 1. To grow more rank or strong ; to be in- 
flamed ; to fester. 2. To become more violent ; to be in- 
flamed ; to rage. 

RANK'LY, adv. 1. With vigorous growth. 2. Coai-sely; 
grossly. 

RANK'NESS, n. 1. Vigorous growth ; luxuriance ; exuber- 
ance. 2. Exuberance ; excess ; extravagance. 3. Extra- 
ordinary strength. 4. Strong taste. 5. Rancidness ; rank 
smell. 6. Excessiveness. 

^AN'NY, n. The shrew-mouse. Brown. 

RAN'SACK, V. t. [Dan. randsager ; Sw. ransaka ; Gaelic, 
1-ansuchadh.] 1. To plunder ; to pillage completely ; to 
strip by plundering. 2. To search thoroughly ; to enter 
and search every place or part. 3. To violate ; to ravish ; 
[obs.] 

RAN'SA€KED, pp. Pillaged ; searched narrowly. 

RAN'SA€K-ING, ppr. Pillaging ; searching narrowly. 

RAN'SoM, n. [Dan. ranton ; Sw. ranson ; G. ranzion ; 
Norm, raancon ; Fr. rangon,] 1. The money or price paid 
for the redemption of a prisoner or slave, or for goods cap- 
tured by an enemy. 2. Release from captivity, bondage 
or the possession of an enemy.— 3. In law, a sum paid for 
the pardon of some great offense and the discliarge of the 
offender ; or a fine paid in lieu of corporal punishment. — 
4. In Scripture, the price paid for a forfeited life, or for 
delivery or release from capital punishment. 5. The 
price paid for procuring the pardon of sins and the re- 
demption of the sinner from punishment. 

RAN'SoM, V. t. [Sw. ransonera ; Dan. ranconerer ; Fr. 
rangonner.] 1. To redeem from captivity or punishment 
by paying an equivalent. 2. To redeem from the posses- 
sion of an enemy by paying a price deemed equivalent. 
— 3. In Scripture, to redeem from the bondage of sin, and 
irom the punishment to which sinners ai-e subjected by the 
divine law. 4. To rescue ; to deliver. Hos. xiii. 

RAN'SoMED, pp. Redeemed or rescued from captivity. 



bondage or punishment by the payment of an equiva- 
lent. 

RAN'SoM-ER, n. One that redeems 

RAN'SoM-ING, ppr. Redeeming from captivity, bondage 
or punishment by giving satisfaction to the pcssessor ; 
rescuing ; liberating. 

RAN'SoM-LESS, a. Free from ransom. Shak. 

RANT, V. i. [W. rhonta.] To rave in violent, high-sound- 
ing or extravagant language, without correspondent dig- 
nity of thought ; to be noisy and boisterous in words or 
declamation. 

RANT, n. High-sounding language without dignity of 
thought ; boisterous, empty declamation. 

RANTER, 71. A noisy talker ; a boisterous pieacher 

RANT'ING, ppr. Uttering high-sounding words without 
solid sense; declaiming or preaching with boisterous 
empty words. 

RANT'I-POLE, a. Wild ; roving ; rakish. [j1 low word.] 
Congreve. 

RANT'I-POLE, t;. i. To run about wildly. {Low.]Jirluth. 

RANT'ISM, 71. The practice or tenets of ranters. 

RANT'Y, a. Wild ; noisy ; boisterous. 

RAN'U-LA, 71. [L. rana.] A swelling under the tongue, 
similar to the encysted tumors in different parts of the 
liody. 

RA.-N UN'eU-LUS, n. [L.] In botany, crowfoot, a genus of 
piants. 

RAP, 7). t. [Sax. hrepan, hreppan, repan ; L. rapio ; Sw. 
rappa.] To strike with a quick, sharp blow ; to knock. 

RAP, V. t. To strike with a quick blow ; tojfcnock Torap 

out, to utter with sudden violence. Addison. 

RAP, V. t. I. To seize and bear away, as the mind or 
thoughts; to transport out of one's self; to affect with 
ecstasy or rapture. 2. 'J'o snatch or hurry away. 3. To 
seize by violence. 4. To exchange ; to truck ; [low, and 
not used.] — To rap and rend, to seize and tear or strip ; to 
fall on and plunder ; to snatch by violence. 

RAP, 71. A quick, smart blow ; as a rap on the knuckles. 

RA-Pa'CIOUS, a. [L. rapax.] 1. Given to plunder; dis- 
posed or accustomed to seize by violence ; seizmg by 
force. 2. Accustomed to seize for food; subsisting on 
prey or animals seized by violence. 

RA-Pa'CIOUS-LY, adv. By rapine ; by violent robbery or 
seizure, 

RA-Pa'CIOUS-NESS, 77. The quality of being rapacious ; 
disposition lo plunder or to exact by oppression. 

RA-PAC'I-TY, 71. [Fr. rapacite ; L. rapacitas.] 1. Addict 
edness to plunder; the exercise of plunder; the act or 
practice of seizing by force. 2. Ravenousness. 3. The 
act or practice of extorting or exacting by oppressive in- 
justice. 

RAPE, n. [L. rafw, raptus ,- It. ratto ; Fr. rapt.] I. In a 
general sense, a seizing by violence ; also, a seizing and 
carrying away by force, as females. — 2. In law, the carnal 
knowledge of a woman forcibly and against her will. 
Blackstone. 3. Privation; the act of seizing or taking 
away. 4. Something taken or seized and carried away. 
5. Fruit plucked from the cluster. 6. A divisi.on of a 
county in Sussex, in England ; or an intermediate di 
vision between a hundred and a shire, and containing 
three or four hundreds. 

RAPE, n. [Ir. raib ; L. rapa, rapum ; Gr. pairvs j D. raap.] 
A plant of the genus brassica. 

+ RAPE, V. i. To commit a rape. Heywood. 

RaPE'ROOT. See Rape. 

RaPE'SEED, 71. The seed of the rape, from which oil is ex- 
pressed. 

RAP'ID, a. [L. rapidus.] ]. Very swift or quick ; moving 
with celerity. 2. Advancing with haste or speed ; speedy 
in progression. 3. Of quick utterance of words. 

RAP ID, or RAP'IDS, n. The part of a river where the 
current moves with more celerity than the common cur- 
rent. — Rapids imply a considerable descent of the earth, 
but not sufficient to occasion a fall of the water, or what 
is called a cascade or cataract. 

RA-PID'I-TY, 71. [L. rapiditas ; Fr. rapidite.] L Swiftness ; 
celerity ; velocity. 2. Haste in utterance. 3. Quick- 
ness of progression or advance. 

RAP'ID-LY, adv. J. With great speed, celerity or velocity ; 
swiftly ; with quick progression. 2. With quick utter- 
ance. 

RAP'ID-NESS, 71. Swiftness ; speed ; celerity ; rapidity. 

Ra'PI-ER, 7i. [Fr. rapiere ; Ir. roipeir.] A small sword used 
only in thrusting. Pope. 

Ra'PI-ER-FISH, 77. The sword-fish. Grew, 

RA-PIl'lO \ "■ ^"lv6"Z6d volcanic substances. 

RAP'iNE, n. [Fr. ; L. rapina.] 1. The act of plunilering ; 
the seizing and carrying away of things by force. 2. Vio- 
lence ; force. 

RAP'iNE, v. t. To plunder, 

RAP-PA-REE', n. A wild Irish plunderer; so called from 
rapery, a half-pike that he carries. Todd. 

RAP-PEE', 71, A coarse kind of snuff. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE,— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tJiis f Obsolste 



RAS 



670 



RAT 



EAP'PER. n. [from rap.] 1. One that raps or knocks 2. 

The knocker of a door. 3. An oath or a lie ; fobs.] 
tRAP'PoRT, n. [Fr.l Relation; proportion. 
BAPT, pp. [from rap.] Transported 3 ravished. 
t RAPT, V. t. To transport or ravish. Chapman. 
RAPT, n. 1. An ecstasy ; a trance. 2. Rapidity ; [obs.] 
RAP'TER, I n. [L. ■>-aptor.] A ravisher : a plunderea:. Dray- 
RAP'TOrH ton. 
RAPT'LTRE, 71. [l..raptus.] 1. A seizmg by violence; [l.u.] 

2. Transport ; ecstasy ; violence of a pleasing passion ; 
extreme joy or pleasure. 3. Rapidity with violence ; a 
hurrying along with velocity. 4. Enthusiasm; uncom- 
mon heat of imagination. 

RAPT URED, a. Ravished ; transported. Tliomson. 

RAPT U-RIST, n. An enthusiast. Spenser. 

RAPT'U-ROUS, a. Ecstatic ; transporting ; ravishing. 

RARE, a. [L. rarus ; Sp., Port., ll.raro ; Fr rare.] 1. Un- 
common ; not frequent. 2. Unusually excellent ; valuable 
to a degree seldom found. 3. Thinly scattered. 4. Thin ; 
porous ; not dense. 5. [Sax. hrere.] Nearly raw ; im- 
perfectly roasted or boiled. Drijden. 

Ra'REE-SHoW, n [rare and show.] A show carried in a 
box. Pope. 

RAR-E-F ACTION, n. [Fr.] The act or process of expand- 
ing or distending bodies, by separating the parts and ren- 
dermg the bodies more rare or porous, by which operation 
they appear under a larger bulk, or require more room, 
without an accession of new matter ; opposed to conden- 
sation. Encyc. 

RAR'E-Fl-A-BLE, a. Capable of being rarefied. 

RAR'E-FY, V t [Fr. rarefier ; L. rarefacio.] To make 
thin and porous or less dense ; to expand or enlarge a body 
withoutadding to it any new portion of its own matter. 

RAR*E-FY, v. i. To become thin and porous. Dryden. 

RAR'E-FY-ING, ppr. Making thin or less dense. 

RARE'LY, adv. 1. Seldom ; not often ; as, things rarely 
seen. 2. Fiiiely ; nicely ; [little used.] Shak. 

RARE'NESS, n. 1. The state of being uncommon ; uncom- 
monness ; infrequency. 2. Value arising from scarcity. 

3. Thinness ; tenuity. 4. Distance from each other ; 
thinness. 

RARE'RIPE, a. [Sax. arceran.] Early ripe ; ripe before 
others, or before the usual season. 

RARE'RIPE, n. An early fruit, particularly a kind of peach 
which ripens early. 

* RAR'I-TY, n. [Fr. rarete ; L. raritas.] 1. Unconimon- 
ness ; infrequency. 2. A thing valued for its scarcity, 
3. Thinness ; tenuity ; opposed to densittj. 

RAS'eAL, n. [Sax.] A mean fellow ; a scoundrel ; in 
modern usage, a trickish, dishonest fellow : a rogue. 

RAS'CAL, a. 1. Lean ; as, a rascal deer. 2.' Mean ; low. 

RAS-€AL'ION, 71. A low, mean wretch. Hudibras. 

RAS-eAL'I-TY, 71. 1. The low, mean people. South. 2. 
Mean trickishness or dishonesty ; base fraud. 

RAS'€AL-LY, a. 1. Meanly trickish or dishonest ; vile. 
2. Mean; vile; base; worthless. Swift. 

*RASE, v.t. [Fr. raser ; Sp., Port, rasar.] 1. To pass 
along the surface of a thing, with striking or rubbing it at 
the same tnne ; [obs.] 2. To erase ; to scratch or rub out ; 
or to blot out ; to cancel. 3. To level with the ground ; 
to overthrow ; to destroy. 

t RASE, 71. 1. A cancel ; erasure. 2. A slight wound. 

RASH, a. [D., G. rasch ; Sw., Dan. rask.] 1. Hasty in 
council or action ; precipitate ; resolving or entering on a 
project or measure without due deliberation and caution, 
and thus encountering unnecessary hazard. 2. Uttered 
or undertaken with too much haste or too little reflection. 
0. Requiring haste ; urgent. 4. Quick ; sudden ; [obs.] 

RASH, n. Corn so dry as to fall out with handling. [Local.] 

RASH, 71. [It.rascia.] 1. Satin. 2. An eruption or efflo- 
rescence on the body. 

RASH, V. t. [It. raschiare ; W. rh&sg.] To slice ; to cut in- 
to pieces ; to divide. Spenser. 

RASH'ER, 71. A thin slice of bacon ; a thin cut. Shak. 

f RASH'LING, n. One who acts without caution or reflec- 
tion. 

RASH'LY, adv. With precipitation ; hastily ; without due 
deliberation. L''Estrange. 

RASH'NESS, 71. 1. Too much haste in resolving or in un- 
dertaking a measure ; precipitation ; inconsiderate readi- 
ness or promptness to decide or act. 2. The quality of be- 
ing uttered or done without due deliberation. 

RaSP, 71. [Sw., D. rasp ; G. raspel ; Dan. raspe.] I. A 
large, rough file ; a grater. 2. A raspberry, which see. 

RaSP, v. t. [D. raspen ,• Dan. rasper ; Sw. raspa.] To rub 
or file with a rasp ; to rub or grate with a rough file. 

RAS'PA-TO-RY, n. A surgeon's rasp. Wiseman. 

*RaSP'BER-RY, (riis'ber-ry) n. [G. kratzbecre.] The fruit 
of a bramble or species of rubus ; a berry growing on a 
prickly plant. 

RASP'BER-RY-BUSH, 71. The bramble producing raspber- 
ries. 

RXSP'ER, 71. A scraper. Sherwood. 

KaS'URE, (ra'zhur) n. [L. rasura.] 1. The act of scraping 



or shaving ; the act of erasing. 2. The mark by which 
a letter, word or any part of a writing is erased, effaced or 
obliterated; an erasure. 

RAT, 71. [Sax. rmt ; D. rat ; G. ratze ; Fr. rat.] A small 
quadruped of the genus mus. — To smell a rat, to be sus- 
picious ; to be on the watch from suspicion. 

RaT'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be rated, or set at a certain 
value. Camden. 2. Liable or subjected by law to taxation. 
Stat, of Conn. 

RaT'A-BLY, adv. By rate or proportion ; proportionally. 

RAT-A-FiA', (rat-a-fee') n. [Sp.] A fine spirituous liquor, 
prepared from the kernels of several kinds of fruits, par- 
ticularly of cherries, apricots and peaches. 

RAT-AN', 71. [Malay, rotan ; Java, rottang.] A small cane, 
the growth of India. 

RAT'-CATCH-ER, 71. One who makes it his business to 
catch rats. 

RATCH, n. In clock work, a sort of wheel having twelve 
fangs, which serve to lift the detents every hour and 
thereby cause the cIock to strike. 

RATCH'ET, n. In a watch, a small tooth at the bottom of 
the fusee or barrel, which stops it in winding up. 

RATCH'IL, 71. Among miners, fragments of stone. 

RATE, V. [Norm, rate ; L. ratus.] 1. The proportion or 
standard by which quantity or value is adjusted. 2. 
Price or amount stated or fixed on any thing. 3. Settled 
allowance. 4. Degree ; comparative height or value. 5. 
Degree in which any thing is done. 6. Degree of value ; 
price. 7. A tax or sum assessed by authority on property 
for public use, according to its income or value ; as parish 
rates. — 8. In the jiavy, the order or class of a ship, accord- 
ing to its magnitude or force. 

RATE, V. t. 1 . To set a certain value on ; to value at a cer- 
tain price or degree of excellence. 2. To fix the magni- 
tude, force or order, as of ships. 

RATE, V. i. 1. To be set or considered in a class, as a ship. 
2. To make an estimate . 

RATE, V. t. [Sw. rata, ryta ; Ice. reita.] To chide with ve- 
hemence ; to reprove ; to scold ; to censure violently. 
Shak. 

RaT'EDj pp. 1. Set at a certain value , estimated ; set in a 
certain' order or rank. 2. Chid ; reproved. 

RaT'ER, n. One who sets a value on or makes an estimate. 

fRATH, 71. [Ir. rath.] A hill. Spenser. 

I RATH, a. [Sax. rath, rmthe, hrmth, hrathe.] Early ; com- 
ing before others, or before the usual time. Milton.' 

* RATH'ER, adv. [Sax. rathor, hrathor ; comp. of rath.] 1. 
More readily or willingly ; with better liking ; with pref- 
erence or choice. 2. In preference ; preferably ; w'.th bet- 
ter reason. 3. In a greater degree than otherwise. 4. 
More properly ; more correctly speaking. 5. Noting some 
degree of contrariety in fact. — The rather, especially ; for 
better reason ; for particular cause. — Had rather is suiv- 
posed to be a corruption of would rather. 

RATH'OF-FITE, n. A mineral brought from Sweden. 

RAT-I-FI-€a'TI0N, n. [Fr.] I. The act of ratifying ; con- 
firmation. 2. The act of giving sanction and validity to 
somethmg done by another. 

RAT'I-FlED, pp. Confirmed ; sanctioned ; made valid. 

RAT'I-Fl-ER, 72. He or that which ratifies or sanctions. 

RAT'I-FY, V. t. [Fr. ratifier.] 1. To confirm ; to establish ; 
to settle. 2. To approve and sanction ; to make valid. 

RAT'I-FY-ING, ppr. Confirming ; establishing ; approving 
and sanctioning. 

RaT'ING, ppr. [from rate.] 1. Setting at a certain value ; 
assigning rank to ; estimating. 2. Chiding ; reproving. 

Ra'TIO, (ra'sho) n. [L.] Proportion, or the relation of ho- 
mogeneous things which determines the quantity of one 
from the quantity of another, without the intervention of 
a third. 

*Ra'TI-0-CI-NATE, v.i. [1,. ratiocinor.] To reason; to 
argue. [Little used.] 

* RA-TI-O-CI-Na'TION, 71. [L. ratiocinatio.] The act or 
process of reasoning, or of deducing consequences from 
premises. South. 

*RA-TI-OC'I-NA-TlVE, a. Argumentative; consisting in 
the comparison of propositions or facts, and the deduction 
of inferences from the comparison. [Little used.] 

Ra'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. ratio.] A portion or fixed allowance 
of provisions, drink and forage, assigned to each soldier 
in an army for his daily subsistence and for the subsist- 
ence of horses. 

* Ra'TION-AL, a. [Fr. rationnel ; It. razionale ; L. ration- 
a'is.] 1. Having reason or the faculty of reasoning ; en- 
dowed with reason. 2. Agreeable to reason. 3. Agree- 
able to reason ; not extravagant. 4. Acting in conformity 
toreason : wise ; judicious. 

* Ra'TION-AL, 71. A rational being. Yoking. 
*RA-TION-a'LE, 71. ]. A detail with reasons ; a series of 

reasons assigned. 2. An account or solution of the prin- 
ciples of some opinion, action, hypothesis, phenomenon, 
&c. 

* Ra'TION-AL-IST, n. One who proceeds in his disquisi- 
tions and practice wholly upon reason. Bacon. 



*See Synopsis. A E, T, O, tj, "?, long.— FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PR^Y 5— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— t Obsolete 



RAV 



671 



RE 



*RA-T10N-AL'I-TY, n. 1. The power of reasoning. 2. 

Reasonableness. 

* Ra'TION-AL-LY, adv. In consistency with reason ; rea- 
sonably. 

* R A'TION-AL-NESS, n. The state of being rational or con- 
sistent with reason. 

RAT'LIN, ) n. A small line traversing the shrouds of a 

RAT'LINE, ) ship, making the step of a ladder for as- 
cending to the mast-heads. 

RAT-OON', 71. [Sp. retono.] A sprout from the root of the 
sugar cane, which, has been cut. Edwards, W. Ind. 

RATS'BANE, 71. Poison for rats; arsenic. Swift. 

RATS'BaNED, a. Poisoned by ratsbane Junius. 

RAT'-TaIL, n. In farriery, an excrescence growing from 
the pastern to the middle of the shank of a horse. 

RAT-TEEN', n. [Sp. ratina.] A thick woolen stuff quilled 
or twilled. 

RAT-TI-NET', n. A Woolen stuff thinner than ratteen. 

RAT'TLE, V. L [D. ratelen, reutelen; G. rasseln.] 1. To 
make a quick, sharp noise rapidly repeated, by the colli- 
sion of bodies not very sonorous. 2. To speak eagerly and 
noisily ; to utter words in a clattering manner. 

RAT'TLE, V. t. 1. To cause to make a rattling sound or a 
rapid succession of sharp sounds. 2. To stun with noise ; 
to drive with sharp sounds rapidly repeated. 3. To scold ; 
to rail at clamorously. 

RAT'TLE, 71. 1. A rapid succession of sharp, clattering 
sounds. 2. A rapid succession of words sharply uttered ; 
loud, rapid talk ; clamorous chiding. 3. An instrument 
with which a clattering sound is made. 4. A plant, louse- 
wort. — Yellow rattle, a plant of the genus rhinanthus. 

RAT'TLE-HE AD-ED, a. Noisy ; giddy ; unsteady. 

RAT'TLES, n. phi. The popular name of the croup, or 
cynanche trachealis. 

RAT'TLE-SNAKE, n. A snake that has rattles at the tail, 
of the genus crotalus. 

RAT'TLE-SNAKE-ROOT, n. A plant or root. 

RAT'TLE-SNAKE-WEED, n. A plant. 

RAT'TLING, ppr. Making a quick succession of sharp 
sounds. 

RAT'TLING, n. A rapid succession of sharp sounds. 

RAT-TOON', 71. A West Indian fox. 

RAU'CI-TY, 71. [L. raucus,] 1. Hoarseness ; a loud, rough 
sound. — 2. Among physicians, hoarseness of the human 
voice. 

t RAU'€OUS, a. Hoarse ; harsh. 

t R AUGHT. The old participle of reach. 

RAUNCH. See Wrench. 

RAUT, V. i. To bellow ; to roar. See Rout. 

RAVAGE, 71. [Fr.] 1. Spoil ; ruin ; waste ; destruction 
by violence, either by men, beasts or physical causes. 2. 
Waste ; ruin ; destruction by decay. 

RAVAGE, V. t. [Fr. rava^er.^ I. To spoil 5 to plunder ; 
to pillage ; to sack. 2. To lay waste by any violent force. 
3. To waste or destroy by eating. 

RAVAGED, pp. Wasted ; destroyed ; pillaged. 

RAVA-GER, n. A plunderer ; a spoiler ; he or that which 
lays waste. Swift. 

RAVA-GING, ppr. Plundering ; pillaging ; laying waste. 

RAVE, V. i. [D. revelenj Sp.'rabiar ; Fort, raivar.] 1. To 
wander in mind or intellect ; to be delirious ; to talk irra- 
tionally ; to be wild. 2. To utter furious exclamations ; 
to be furious or raging, as a madman. 3. To dote ; to be 
unreasonably fond 5 followed by upon. 

RAVE, 71. The upper side-piece of timber of the body of a 
cart. J\rew England. 

RAV'EL, (rav'l) v. t. [D. raaffelen and ravtlen.] 1. To en- 
tangle ; to entwist together ; to make intricate ; to involve ; 
to perplex. 2. To untwist ; to unweave or unknot ; to 
disentangle. 3. To hurry or run over in confusion ; [obs.] 

RAV'EL, (rav'l) v. i. 1. To fall into perplexity and confu- 
sion. 2. To work in perplexities ; to busy one's self with 
intricacies ; to enter by winding and turningc 3. To be 
unwoven. 

RAVELED, pp. Twisted together ; made intricate ; disen- 
tangled. 

RAVEL-IN, 71. [Fr. ; It, ravellino.] In fortification, a 
detached work with two faces which make a salient an- 
gle, without any flanks, and raised before the counter- 
scarp of the place. 

RAV'EL-ING, ppr. Twisting or weaving ; untwisting ; dis- 
entangling. 

Ra'VEN, (ra'vn) t;.. [Sax. hrcsfn, hrefn, or rmfn.] A large 
fowl of a black color, of the genus corvus. 

RAVEN, (rav'n) v. t. [G. rauben ; Dan. rSver ,• Sax. reafi- 
an.'j I. To devour with great eagerness ; to eat with vo- 
racity. 2. To obtain by violence. 

RAVEN, (rav'n) v. i. To prey with rapacity. Oen. xlix. 

RAVEN, (rav'n) 71. 1. Prey ; plunder; food obtained by vi- 
olence. J\rah. ii. 2. Rapine ; rapacity. Ray. 

RAVENED, pp. Devoured with voracity. 

RAVEN-ER, 71. One that ravens or plunders. Gower. 

RAVEN-ING, ppr. Preying with rapacity. 

RAVEN-ING, n. Eagerness for plunder. Luke xi. 



RAV'EN-OUS, a. 1. Furiously voracious ; hungry even to 
rage ; devouring with rapacious eagerness. 2 . Eager for 
prey or gratification. 

RAVEN-OUS-LY, adv. With raging voracity. Burnet. 

RAVEN-OUS-NEgS, n. Extreme voracity , rage for prey. 

Ra'VEN'S DU€K, n. [G. ravenstuch.] A species of sail- 
cloth. Tooke. 

RaVER, 71. One that raves or is furious. 

R AVET, n. An insect shaped like a cockchaffer 

RAVIN. See Raven. 

t RAVIN, a. Ravenous. Shak. 

RAVIN, ) 71. [Fr. ravin.] A long, deep hollow, worn Ijy 

RA-VlNE', ) a stream or torrent of water ; hence, any 
long, deep hollow or pass through mountains, &c. 

RAVING, ppr. or a. Furious with delirium; mad; dis- 
tracted. 

RaVING-LY, adv. With furious wildness or frenzy ; with 
distraction. Sidney. 

RAVISH, v. t. [Ft. ravir.] 1. To seize and carry away by 
violence. 2. To have carnal knowledge of a woman by 
force and against her consent. Is. xiii. 3. To bear away 
with joy or delight ; to delight to ecstasy ; to transport. 

RAVISHED, pp. Snatched away by violence ; forced to 
submit to carnal embrace ; delighted to ecstasy. 

RAVISH-ER, n. 1. One that takes by violence. Pope. 2. 
One that forces a woman to his carnal embrace. 3. One 
that transports with delight. 

RAVISH-ING, ppr. 1. Snatching or taking by violence ; 
compelling to submit to carnal intercourse ; delighting to 
ecstasy. ■ 2. a. Delighting to rapture ; transporting. 

RAVISH-ING, n. 1. A seizing and carrying away by vio- 
lence. 2. Carnal knowledge by force agamst consent. 
3. Ecstatic delight ; transport. 

RAV ISH-ING-LY, adv. To extremity of delight. 

RAVISH-MENT, n. 1. The act of forcing a woman to car- 
nal connection ; forcible violation of chastity. 2. Rapture ; 
transport of delight ; ecstasy ; pleasing violence on the 
mind or senses. 3. The act of carrying away ; abduction. 

RAW, a. [Sax. hreaw, reaw ; D. raauw ,• G. roh.] 1. Not 
altered from Its natural state ; not roasted, boiled or cook- 
ed ; not subdued by heat. 2. Not covered with skin ; 
bare, as flesh. 3. Sore. 4. Immature ; unripe ; not con- 
cocted, 5. Not altered by heat ; not cooked or dressed ; 
being in its natural state. 6, Unseasoned ; unexperienced ; 
unripe in skill. 7. New ; untried. 8. Bleak ; chilly ; cold, 
or rather cold and damp. 9. Not distilled ; [obs.] 10 
Not spun or twisted ; as, raw silk. 11. Not mixed or 
adulterated. 12. Bare of flesh. 13. Not tried or melted 
and strained. 14. Not tanned ; as, raw hides. 

RAW'-BoNED, a. Having little flesh on the bones. Shak. 

RAW'HEAD, n. The name of a spectre, mentioned to 
frighten children. Dryden. 

RAW'ISH, a. Somewhat raw ; cool and damp. [L. used.] 

RAW'LY, adv. 1. In a raw manner. 2. Unskillfully ; 
without experience. 3. Newly. Shak. 

RAWNESS, 71. 1. The state of being raw ; uncooked ; un- 
altered by heat. 2. Unskillfulness ; state of being inex- 
perienced. 3. Hasty manner. 4. Chilliness with damp- 
ness. 

RAY, 71. [Fr. raie, rayon; Sp., Port, rayo.] 1. A line of 
light, or the right line supposed to be described by a par- 
ticle of light. A collection of parallel rays constitutes a 
beam. — 2. Fiffuratively, a beam of intellectual light. 3. 
Light ; lustre. — 4. In botany, the outer part or circum- 
ference of a compound radiate flower.— 5. In ichthyology, 
a bony or cartilaginous ossicle in the fins of fishes, serving 
to support the membrane. 6. A plant, lolium. 7. Ray, 
for ar7-ay ; [obs.] Spenser. — Pencil of rays, a number of 
rays of light issuing from a point and diverging. 

RAY, 71. [Fr. raie ; Sp. raya ; G. roche.] A fish. 

RAY, V. t. 1. To streak ; to mark with long lines. 2. To 
foul ; to beray ; [obs.] 3. To array ; [obs.] 4. To shoot 
forth. 

RaY'LESS, a. Destitute of light ; dark ; not illuminated. 
Young. 

RAZE, n. A root. 

RAZE, V. t. [Fr. raser ; L. rasv^.] 1. To subvert from the 
foundation ; to overthrow ; to destroy ; to demolish. 2 
To erase ; to efface ; to obliterate. 3. To extirpate. 

RAZED, pp. Subverted ; overthrown ; wholly ruined ; 
erased ; extirpated. 

RA-ZEE', n. A ship of war cut down to a smaller size. 

RaZ'ING, ppr. Subverting; destroying; erasing; extirpa 
ting. 

Ra'ZOR, n. [Fr. rasoir ; It. rasoio.] An instrument for , 
shaving off beard or hair. — Razors of a boar, a boar's 
tusks. 

t RA'ZOR-A-BLE, a. Fit to be shaved, Shak. 

RA'ZOR-BILL, n. An aquatic fowl. 

Ra'ZOR-FISH, n. A species of fish. 

RAZ'URE, (ra'zhur) 71. [Fr. rasure.] The act of erasing or 
effacing ; obliteration. See Rasure. 

RE, a prefix or inseparable pai tide in the composition of 
words, denotes return, repetition, iteration. In a few 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ,— BULL, UNITE.— € as K : G as J : S as Z ; CH as SII ; TH as in this, t 



REA 



67a 



REA 



English words, it has lost its appropriate signification, as 
}n rejoice, recommend, receive. 

RE-AB-SORB', v. t. [re and absorb.] 1. To draw in or 
imbibe again what has been effused, extravasated or 
thrown off J used of fluids. 2. To swallow up again. 

KE-AB-SORB'ED, (re-ab-sorbd') pp. Imbibed again. 

RE-AB-SORB'ING, ppr. Reimbibing. 

RE-AB-SORP'TION, n. Tlie act or process of imbibing 
what has been previously thrown oft", effused or extrav- 
asated ; the swallowing a second time.> 

RE-A€-CESS', n. [re and access.'] A second access or ap- 
proach J a visit renewed. Hakewill. 

Reach, v. t. Raught, the ancient preterit, is obsolete. 
The verb is now regular ; pp. reached. [Sax. racan, recan, 
rcecan, or hrcecan ; Goth, rakyan.] 1. To extend ; to 
stretch. 2. Tr» extend to ; to touch by extending, either 
the arm alone, or with an instrument in the hand. 3. To 
strike from a distance. 4. To deliver with the hand by 
extending the arm : to hand. 5. To extend or stretch 
from a distance. 6.' To arrive at ; to come to. 7. To at- 
tain to or arrive at, by effort, labor or study ; hence, to 
gain or obtain. 8. To penetrate to. 9. To extend to so 
as to include or comprehend in fact or principle. 10. To 
extend to. 11. To extend ; to spread abr-^ad. 12. To 
take with the hand. 13. Tooveriesih; .o decewe 

Reach, v. i. l. To be extended. 2. To penetrc.ce 3. To 
make effoi-ts to vomit ; [see Retch.] Cheyne. — To reach 
after, to make efforts to attain to or obtain. 

Reach, n. l. Extension j a stretcliingj extent. 2. The 
power of extending to, or of taking by tJie hand, or by 
any instrumoii. managed by the hand. 3. Power of at- 
tainment or management, or the limit of power, p.hysical 
or moral. 4. Effort of the mind in contrivance or re- 
search ; contrivance ; scheme. 5. A fetch; an artifice to 
obtain an advantage. 6. Tendency to distant conse- 
quences. 7. Extent. — 8. Among seamen, the distance 
between two points on the banks of a river, in which 
the curreni flows in a straight course. 9. An effort to 
vomit. 

Reached, pp. stretched out ; extended ; touched by ex- 
tending the arm ; attained to ; obtained. 

ReACH'ER, n. One that reaches or extends ; one that de- 
Hvers by extending the arm. 

ReACH'ING, pp?-. Stretching out ; extending; touching by 
extension of the arm ; attainmg to ; gaining ; making ef- 
forts to vomit. 

RE-A€T', V. t. [re and act.] To act or perform a second 
time. 

RE-A€T', V. i. 1. To return an impulse or impression ; to 
resist the action of another body by an opposite force. 
2. To act in opposition ; to resist any influence or power. 

RE-ACT'ED, pp. Acted or performed a second time. 

RE-A€T'ING, ppr. Acting again ; in physics, resisting the 
impulse of another body. 

RE-AC'TION, n. 1. In physics, counteraction ; the resist- 
ance made by a body to the action or impulse of another 
body, which endeavors to change its state, either of mo- 
tion or rest. 2. Any action in resisting other action or 
power. 

t Read, n. [Sax. reed.] 1. Counsel. 2. Saying ; sentence. 

Read, v. t. The preterit and pp. read, is pronounced red. 
[Sax. rmdan, redan ; G. reden ; D. rede ; Dan. rede.] 1. 
To utter or pronounce written or printed words, letters or 
characters in the proper order; to repeat the names or 
utter the sounds customarily annexed to words, letters or 
characters. 2. To inspect and understand words or char- 
acters ; to peruse silently. 3. To discover or understand 
by characters, marks or features. 4. To learn by observa- 
tion. 5. To know fully. 6. To suppose ; to guess ; [obs.] 
7. To advise ; [obs.] 

Read, v. i. 1. To perform the act of reading. 2. To be 
studious ; to practice much reading. 3. To learn by 
reading. 4. To tell ; to declare ; [obs.] 

READ, (red) pp. 1. Uttered ; pronounced, as written 
words in the proper order. 2. Silently perused. 

READ, (redl a. Instructed or knowing by reading ; versed 
in books ; learned ; as, well read in history. 

ReAD'A-BLE, a. That may be read ; fit to be read. Hurd. 

RE-A-DEP'TION, n. [from L. re and adeptus.] A regain- 
ing ; recovery of something lost. [Mot much used.] Bacon. 

ReAD'ER, n. 1. One that reads ; any person who pro- 
nounces written words ; particularly, one whose oflice is 
to read prayers in a church. 2. By way of distinction, one 
that reads much ; one studious in books. 

ReAD'ER-SHIP, n. The office of reading prayers in a 
church. Swift. 

READi-LY, (red'e-ly) adv. ].Q.uickly; promptly; easily. 
2. Cheerfully ; without delay or objection ; without re- 
luctance. 

READ'I-NESS, (red'e-nes) n. 1. Quickness ; promptness ; 
promptitude ; facility ; freedom from hinderance or ob- 
struction. 2. Promptitude ; cheerfulness ; willingness ; 
alacrity ; freedom from reluctance. 3. A state of prepar- 
ation ; fitness of condition. 



ReAT)'ING, ppr. 1. Pronouncing or perasing written on 
printed words or characters of a book or writing. 2. Dis- 
covering by marks ; understanding. 

ReAD'IjNG, 71. 1. The act of reading; perusal. 2. Study 
of books. 3. A lecture or prelection. 4. Public recital.— 

5. In criticism, the manner of reading the manuscripts of 
ancient authors, where the words or letters are obsciue. 

6. A commentary or gloss on a law, text or passage.— 7 
In legislation, the formal recital of a bill by the proper 
oflicer, before the house which is to consider it. 

RE-AD-J6URN', v. t. [re and adjourn.] 1. To adjourn a 
second time. 2. To cite or summon again ; [obs.] 

RE-AD-JUST', V. t. [re and adjust.] To settle again ; to 
put in order again what had been discomposed. 

RE-AD-JUST'ED, pp. Adjusted again ; resettled. 

RE-AD-JUST'ING, ppr. Adjustmg again. 

RE-AD-JUST'MENT, n. A second adjustment. 

RE-AD-MIS'SION, n. [re and admission.] The act of ad- 
mitting again what had been excluded. 

RE-AD-MIT', V. t. [re and admit.] To admit again. Milton. 

RE- AD-MIT TANCE, n. A second admittance ; allowance 
to enter again. 

RE-A-DOPT', V. t. [re and adopt.] To adopt again. Young, 

RE-A-DORN', V. t. To adorn anew ; to decorate a second 
time. Blackmore. 

RE-AD-VERT'EN-CY, n. [re and advertency.] The act of 
reviewing. Morris. 

READ'Y, (red'y) a. [Sax. reed, hrad, hrwd; Dan. rede.] 1. 
Q.uick ; prompt ; not hesitating. 2. Cluick to receive or 
comprehend; not slow or dull. 3. Cluick in action or 
execution; dextrous. 4. Prompt; not delayed; present 
in hand. 5. Prepared; fitted; furnished with what is 
necessary, or disposed in a manner suited to the purpose. 
6. Willing ; free ; cheerful to do or suffer ; not backward 
or reluctant. 7. Willing ; disposed. 8. Being at the 
point; near; not distant ; about to do or suffer. 9. Being 
nearest or at hand. 10» Easy ; facile ; opportune ; short ; 
near, or most convenient. — To make ready. 1. To pre- 
pare ; to provide and put in order. 2. An elliptical 
phrase, for make things ready / to make preparations ; to 
prepare. 

READ'Y, (red'y) adv. In a state of preparation, so as to 
need no delay. 

READ'Y, (red'y) n. For ready money. [A low word. , 
Arbuthnot. 

t READ'Y, (red'y) v. t. To dispose in order ; to prepare. 

RE-AF-FiRM', v. t. [re anrl affirm.] To affirm a second 
time. 

RE-AF-FiRM'ANCE, n. A second confirmation. Ayliffe. 

RE-A'GENT, n. [re and agent.] In chemistry, a substance 
employed to precipitate another in solution, or to detect 
the ingredients of a mixture. 

RE-AG-GRA-Va'TION, n. [re and aggravation.] In the 
Romish ecclesiastical law, the last monitory, published 
afl;er three admonitions and before the last excommuni 
cation. 

fREAK, n. A rush. 

RE'AL, a. [Low L. realis ; It. reale ; Sp. real ; Fr. reel.] 

1. Actually being or existing ; not fictitious or imaginary. 

2. True ; genuine ; not artificial, counterfeit or factitious. 

3. True; genuine; not affected ; not assumed. 4. Rela- 
ting to things, not to persons ; not personal. — 5. In law, 
pertaining to thuigs fixed, permanent or immovable, as to 
lands and tenements ; as, real estate. — Real action, in 
lajc, is an action which concerns real property.— i2eaZ 
presence, in the Romish church, the actual presence of the 
body and blocd of Christ in the eucharist. 

Re'AL, or Re'AL-IST, n. A scholastic philosopher, who 
maintains that things, and not words, are the objects of 
dialectics ; opposed to nominal or nominalist. 

Re'AL, n. [Sp.] A small Spanish coin of the value of forty 
maravedis. It is sometimes written rial. 

RE'AL-GAR, n. [Fr. reagal, or realgal.] A combination 
of sulphur and arsenic ; red sulphuret of arsenic. 

RE-AL'I-TY, n. [Fr. realite.] 1. Actual being or existence 
of any thing ; truth ; fact ; in distinction from mere ap- 
pearance. 2. Something intrinsically important, not mere- 
ly matter of show. — 3. In the schools, that which may exist 
of itself, or which has a full and absolute being of itself, 
and is not considered as a part of any thing else.— 4. In 
law, immobility, or the fixed, permanent nature of prop- 
erty. 

RE-AL-I-Za'TIONj n. 1. The act of realizing or making 
real. 2. The act of converting money into land. 3. The 
act of believing or considering as real. 4. The act of 
bringing into being or act. Glanville. 

Re'AL-iZE, v.t. [S-p. realizar ; Fr. realiser.] 1. To bring 
into being or act. 2. To convert money into land, or per- 
sonal into real estate. 3. To impress on the mind as a 
reality ; to believe, consider or treat as real. 4. To bring 
home to one's own case or experience ; to consider as 
one's own ; to feel in all its force. Dwight. 5. To bring 
into actual existence and possession ; to render tangible 
or effective. 



* See Synopsis 



E, T, O, V, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



REA 



673 



REA 



Rk'AL-iZED, pp. Brought into actual being; converted 
into real estate ; impressed, received or treated as a real- 
ity; felt in its true force; rendered actual, tangible or 
effective. 

Re'AL-iZ-ING, ppr. 1. Bringing into actual being ; con- 
verting into real estate ; impressing as a reality ; feeling as 
one's own or in its real force ; rendering tangible or effec- 
tive. 2. a. That makes real, or that brings home as a 
reality. 

JIE-AL-LED6E', (re-al-lej') v. t. [re and alledge.] To al- 
ledge again. Cotgrave. 

Re'AL-LY, adv. 1. With actual existence. 2. In truth ; 
in fact ; not in appearance only. 

REALM, (relm) n. [Fr. royaume ; It. reame.] 1. A royal 
jurisdiction or extent of government ; a kingdom ; a 
king's dominions. 2. Kingly government. 

ilE'AL-TY, m. [It. realtd.] 1. Loyalty ; [obs.] 2. Reality; 
[obs.l — 3. In law, immobility ; see Reality. 

Ream, n. [Sax. ream ; D. riem ; Dan. re7n, or reem ; Sw. 
rem.] A bundle of paper, consisting of twenty quires. 

Ream, v. i. [Sax. hreman.] To cry aloud ; to scream ; to 
bewail one's self. J\rortli of England. 

RE-AN'I-MATE, v. t. [re and animate.'] 1. To revive ; to 
resuscitate ; to restore to life, as a person dead or appa- 
rently -lead. 2. To revive the spirits when dull or lan- 
guid ; t-" Invigorate ; to infuse new life or courage into. 

RE-AN I-MA-TED, pp. Restored to life or action. 

RE-AN'I-MA-TING, ppr. Restoring life to ; invigorating 
with new life and courage. 

RE-AN-I-Ma'1'ION, n. The act or operation of reviving 
from apparent death ; the act or operation of giving fresh 
spirits, courage or vigor. 

RE-AJST-NEX', v. t. [re and annex.] To annex again ; to 
reunite ; to annex what has been separated. 

RE-AN-NEX-A'TJON, n. The act of annexing again. 

RE-AN-NEX'ED, (re-an-nexf) pp. Annexed or united 
again. 

RE-AN-NEX'ING, p-pr. Annexing again ; reuniting. 

Reap, v.t. [Sax. rijja/i.] 1. To cut grain with a sickle ; 
as, to reap wheat or rye. 2. To clear of a crop by reap- 
ing. 3. To gather ; to obtain ; to receive as a reward, or 
as the fruit of labor or of works. 

Reap, v. i. 1. To perform the act or operation of reaping. 
2. To receive the fruit of labor or works. 

Reaped, pp. cut with a sickle ; received as the fruit of 
labor or works. 

ReAP'ER, n. One that cuts grain with a sickle. 

ReAP'ING, ppr. Cutting grain with a sickle ; receiving as 
the fruit of labor or the reward of works. 

ReAP'ING-HOOK, n. Ao instrument used in reaping; a 
sickle. 

RE-AP-PAR'EL, v. t. [rr. and apparel.] To clothe again. 

RE-AP-PAR'ELED, pp. Clothed again. 

RE-AP-PAR'EL-ING, ppr. Clothing again 

RE-AP-PeAR', v. i. [re and appear.] To appear a second 
time. 

RE-AP-PeAR'ANCE, 71 A second appearance. 

RE-AP-PeARTNG, ppr. Appearing again. 

RE-AP-PLI-€a'TION, n. A second application. 

RE-AP-PLY', V. t. or i. [re and apply.] To apply again. 

RE-AP-PLY'ING, ppr. Applying again. 

RE-AP-POINT', V. t. To appoint again. 

RE-AP-i'OINT'MENT, n. A second appointment. 

RE-AP-PoR'TION, v.t. To apportion again. 

RE-AP-PoR'TIONED, pp. Apportioned again. 

RE-AP-P6R'TI0N-ING, JW- Apportioning again. 

RE-AP-PoR'TION-MENT, n. A second apportionment, 
Madison. 

Rear, n. [Fr. arriere.] 1. In a general sense, that which 
is behind or backwards ; appropriately, the part of an 
army which is behind the ocher ; also, the part of a fleet 
which is behind the other. 2. The last class ; the last in 
order. — In the rear, behind the rest ; backward, or in the 
last class. 

R kAR, a. [Sax. hrere.] 1. Raw ; rare ; not well roasted or 
boiled. 2. [Sax. armran.] Early. [A provincial 2cord.] 

Rear, ?>. t. [Sax. raran, reran, araran.] 1. To raise. 2. 
I'o lift after a fall. 3. To bring up or to raise to maturity, 
as young. 4. To educate ; to instruct. 5. To exalt ; to 
elevate. 6. To rouse ; to stir up. 7. To raise ; to breed, 
as cattle. 8. To achieve ; to obtain. — To rear the steps, 
to ascend ; to move upward. Milton. 

ReAR'-AD'MI-RAL. See Admiral. 

Reared, j)p. Raised ; lifted ; brought up ; educated ; ele- 
vated. 

ReAR'-GUARD, n. The body of an army that marches in 
tJie rear of the main body to protect it. 

liEAE'ING, ppr. Raising ; educating ; elevating. 

ReAR'-LTNE, n. The line in the rear of an army. 

ReAR'-MOUSE, 'n. [Sax. hrcre-mus.] The leather-winged 
bat. Sliak. 

ReAR'-RANK, n. The rank of a body of troops which is 
in the rear. 

ReAR'WARD, 71. [See Rereward] 1. The last troop ; the 



rear-guard 2. The end : the tail ; the train behind. 3 
The latter part. 

RE-AS-CENU', V. i. [re and ascend.] To rise, mount oi 
climb again Milton. 

IIE-AS-CEND', V. t. To mount or ascend agam. Addison. 

RE-AS-CEND'ED, pp. Ascended again. 

RE-AS-CEND'ING, ppr. Ascending again. 

RE-AS-CEN'SION, n. The act of reascending ; a re- 
mounting. 

RE-AS-CENT', n. A returning ascent ; acclivity. Co-xper. 

ReAS'ON. (rS'zn) n. [Ir. reasun ; W. rheswm ; Arm. 
resoun ; Fr. raison ; Sp. razon ; It. ragione ; L. ratio.] 
1. That which is thought or which is alledged in words, 
as the ground or cause of opinion, conclusion or determi- 
nation." 2. The cause, ground, principle or motive of any 
thing said or done ; that which supports or justines a de- 
termination, plan or measure. 3. Eflicient cause. 4. 
Final cause. 5. A faculty of the mind by which it dis- 
tinguishes truth from falsehood, and good from evil, and 
which enables the possessor to deduce inferences from 
facts or from propositions. 6. Ratiocination ; the exercise 
of reason. 7. Right ; justice ; that which is dictated or 
supported by reason. 8. Reasonable claim; justice. 9. 
Rationale ; just account. 10. Moderation ; moderate de- 
mands; claims which reason and justice admit or pre- 
scribe. — In reason, in all reason, in justice ; with rational 
ground. 

ReAS'ON, v. i. [Fr raisonner ; Sax. raswian.] I. To ex- 
ercise the faculty of reason ; to deduce inferences justly 
from premises. 2. To argue ; to infer conclusions from 
premises. 3. To debate ; to confer or inquire by discus- 
sion or mutual communication of thoughts, arguments or 
reasons. — To reason with. 1. To argue with ; to endeavor 
to inform, convince or persuade by argument. 2. To dis- 
course ; to talk ; to take or give an account ; [obs.] 

ReAS'ON, ?;. t. 1. To examine or discuss by arguments; 
to debate or discuss. 2. To persuade by reasoning or ar- 
gument. 

ReAS'ON-A-BLE, a. 1. Having the faculty of reason ; en- 
dued with reason. 2. Governed by reason ; being under 
the influence of reason ; thinking, speaking or acting ra- 
tionally or according to the dictates of reason. 3. Con- 
formable or agreeable to reason ; just ; rational. 4. Not 
immoderate. 5. Tolerable ; being in mediocrity ; moder- 
ate. 6. Not excessive ; not unjust. 

ReAS'ON-A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The faculty of reason. 2. 
Agreeableness to reason; that state or quality of a thing 
which reason supports or justifies. 3. Conformity to ra- 
tional principles. 4. Moderation. 

ReAS'ON-A-BLY, adv. I. In a manner or degree agreeable 
to reason ; in consistency with reason. 2. Moderately ; 
in a moderate degree ; not fully ; in a degree reachuig 
to mediocrity. 

ReAS'ON-ER, 71. One who reasons or argues. 

ReAS'ON-ING, ppr. Arguing; deducing inferences from 
premises ; debating ; discussing. 

ReAS'ON-ING, n. The act or process of exercising the 
faculty of reason ; that act of the mind by which new or 
unknown propositions are deduced from previous ones 
which are known and evident, or which are admitted or 
supposed for the sake of argument; argumentation ; ratio- 
cination. 

ReAS'ON-LESS, a. 1. Destitute of reason. 2. Void of 
reason ; not warranted or supported by reason. 

RE-AS-SEM'BLA6E, n. Assemblage a'second time, 

RE-AS-SEM'BLE, v. t. [re and assemble.] To collect again 

RE-AS-SEM'BLE, v. i. To assemble or convene again. 

RE-AS-SEM'BLED, pp. Assembled again. 

RE-AS-SEMBLING,piJr. Assembling again 

RE-AS-SERT', v. t. [re and assert.] To assert again : to 

' maintain after suspension or cessation. 

RE-AS-SERT'ED, pp. Asserted or maintained anew 

RE-AS-SERT'ING,pp?-. Asserting again ; vindicating anew 

RE-AS-SiGN', (re-as-sine') v. t. [re and assign.] To assign 
back ; to transfer back what has been assigned. 

RE-AS-SIM'I-LATE, v. t. [re and assiinilate.] To assimi- 
late or cause to resemble "anew ; to change again into a 
like or suitable substance. 

RE-AS-SIM'I-LA-TED, pp. Assimilated anew; changed 
again to a like substance. 

RE-AS-SIM'I-LA-TING,^pr, Assimilating again. 

RE-AS-SIM-I-La'TION, 71. A second or renewed assimUa- 
tioii. Encyc. 

RE-AS-SuME', v. t. [re and assume.] To resume; to take 
again. Milton. 

RE-AS-SuM'ED. (re-as-sumd') pp. Resumed; assumed 
again. 

RE-AS-StJM'ING, ppr. Assuming or taking again. 

RE-AS-SUMP'TION, 71. A resuming ; a second assumption. 

RE-AS-SuR'ANCE, (re-a-shur'ans) p>. A second assurance 
against loss ; or the assurance of property by an under- 
writer, to relieve himself from a risk he has taken. 

RE-AS-StJRE', (re-a-shure') v. t. [re and assure] 1 To 
restore courage to ; to free from fear or terror. 2. To 



* See Synopsis. 



MOVE, BQQK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. 



t Obsolete . 



REB 



674 



REC 



insure a second time against loss, or rather to insure by 
another what one has already insured ; to insure against 
loss that^may be incurred by taking a risk. 

BE-AS-SuR'ED, (re-a-^hurd') pp. 1. Restored from fearj 
re-encouraged. 2. Insured against loss by risk taken, as 
an underwriter. 

RE-AS-StJR'ER, (re-a-shur'er) n. One who insures the 
first underwriter. 

RE-AS-SuR'ING, ppr. 1. Restoring from fear, terror or 
depression of courage. 2. Insuring against loss by in- 
surance. 

ReAS'TI-NESS, 71. Randjness, [JVct in use, or local.] 

JlEAS'TY, a. [qu. rusty.J Covered with a kind of rust, 
and Jiaving a rancid taste ; applied to dried meat. [JVot in 
use, or local.l Skelton. 

Re'AI'E, n. A" kind of long small grass that grows in wa- 
ter and complicates itself. [J\rot in use, or local.] Walton. 

RE-AT-TACH', v. t. [re and attach.] To attach a second 
time. 

RE-AT-TACH'MENT, n. A second attachment. 

RE-AT-TEMPT', v. t. [re and attempt.] To attempt 
again. 

jReAVE, ?;. « [^ax.reafian.] To take away by stealth or 
violence; to oereave. [See Bereave.] Shak. 

RE-BAP'TISM, n. A second baptism. 

RE-BAP-TI-ZJ'TION, n. A second baptism. 

RE-BAP-TiZE', V. t. [re and baptize.] To baptize a second 
time. Ayliffe. 

RE-BAP-TIZ'ED, (re-bap-tizd') pp. Baptized again. 

RE-BAP-TiZ'ER, n. One that baptizes again. Howell. 

RE-BAP-TlZ'ING, ppr. Baptizing a second time. 

RE-BATE', V. t. [Fr. rebattre ; It. ribattere.] To blunt ; to 
beatto obtuseness ; to deprive of keenness. Dryden. 

RE-BaTE', I n. 1. Diminution. — 2. In commerce, 

RE-BATE'i\IEi\T, \ abatement in price ; deduction.— 3. 
In heraldry, a diminution or abatement of the bearings in 
a coat of arms. 

RE-Ba'TO, 71. A sort of ruff. See Rabato. 

Re'BE€K, n. [Fr. rebec : It. ribecca.] A three-stringed fid- 
dle. [Mot much used.] Milton. 

REB'EL, 7i. [Fr. rebelle; L. rebellis.] I. One who revolts 
from the government to which he owes allegiance, either 
by openly renouncing the authority of that government, 
or by taking arras aiid openly opposing it. A rebel differs 
from an enemy, as the latter is one who does not owe al- 
legiance to the government which he attacks. 2. One 
who willfully violates a law. 3. One who disobeys the 
king's proclamation ; a contemner of the king's laws. 
4. A villain who disobeys his lord. 

REB'EL, a. Rebellious ; acting in revolt. Milton. 

RE-BEL', V. i. [L. rebello.] 1. To revolt ; to renounce the 
authority of the laws and government to which one owes 
allegiance. 2. To rise in violent opposition against lawful 
authority. 

RE-BEL'LED, (re-beld') pp. or a. Rebellious ; guilty of re- 
bellion. Milton. 

RE-BEL' LER, 7(. One that rebels. Diet. 

RE-BEL'LING, ppr. Renouncing the authority of the gov- 
ernment to which one owes allegiance ; arising in oppo- 
sition to lawful authority. 

RE-BELL'ION, n. [Fr. ; L. rebellio.] 1. An open and 
avowed renunciation of the authority of the government 
to which one owes allegiance ; or the taking of arms 
traitorously to resist the authority of lawful government ; 
revolt. — Rebellion differs from insurrection and from muti- 
ny. — Insurrection may be a rising in opposition to a parti- 
cular act or law, without a design to renounce wholly all 
subjection to the government. — Insurrection may he, but 
is not necessarily, rebellion. — Mutiny is an insunection 
of soldiers or seamen against the authority of their offi- 
cers. 2. Open resistance to lawful authority. 

RE-BELL'IOUS, a. Engaged in rebellion ; renouncing the 
authority and dominion of the government to which al- 
legiance is due ; traitorously resisting government or law- 
ful authority. 

RE-BELL'IOCJS-LY, adv. With design to throw off the 
authority of legitimate government ; in a rebellious man- 
ner. 

RE-BELL'IOUS-NESS, n. The quality or state of being 
rebellious. 

RE-BEL'LoW, v. i. [re and bellojc] To bellow in return ; 
to echo back a loud, roaring noise. Dryden. 

RE-BEL'LoW-Ij\G, ppr. Bellowing in return or in echo. 

RE-BLOS'SOM, v. i. [re and blossom.] To blossom again. 

t RE-BO- A'TION, 71. [li.reboo.] The return of aloud, bel- 
lowing sound. Patrick. 

RE-BOIL', V. i. [L. re and bullio.] To take fire ; to be 
hot. 

RE-BOUND', V. i. [Fr. rebondir.] To spring back ; to start j 
back; to be reverberated by an elastic power resisting 
force or impulse impressed. 

RE-BOUND', V. t. To drive back ; to reverberate. Dryden. 

RE-BOUND', n. The act of flying back in resistance of the 
impulse of another body ; resilience. Dryden. 



RE-BOUND'ING, ppr. Springing or flying back : reverbe- 
rating. 

RE-BRaCE', v. t. [re and brace.] To brace again. Oray 

RE-BReATHE', v. i. [re and breathe.] To breathe again. 

RE-BUFF', n. [It. rabbuffo : Fr. rebuffade.] 1. Repercus- 
sion, or beating back ; a quick and sudden resistance 
2. Sudden check; defeat. 3. Refusal; rejection of soli- 
citation. 

RE-BUFF', V. t. To beat back ; to offer sudden resistance 
to ; to check. 

RE-BUlIiD', I V. t. [re and build.] To build again ; to re- 

RE-BILD', ] new a structure ; to build or construct what 
has been demolished. 

RE-RTJiLD'ER, n. One who rebuilds. Bp. Hall. 

litlihS'f'W'- S-^ilding again. 

TJF-BUtT T^ ) 

RE-BILT' ' ( PP' ^^^^^ again ; reconstructed. 

RE BuK'A-BLE, a. Worthy of reprehension. 

RE-BuKE', v. t. [Norm, rebuquer.] 1. To chide ; to re- 
prove ; to reprehend for a fault ; to check by reproof. 2 
To check or restrain. 3. To chasten ; to punish ; to afflict 
for correction. 4. To check; to silence. 5. To check; 
to heal. 6. To restrain; to calm. 

RE-BuKE', n. 1. A chiding; reproof for faults; reprehen- 
sion. — 2. In Scripture, chastisement ; punishment ; afflic- 
tion for the purpose of restraint and correction. Ezek. v. 
— 3. In lozo language, any kind of check. — To suffer re- 
buke, to endure the reproach and persecution of men. 
Jer. XV. — To be without rebuke, to live without giving 
cause of reproof or censure ; to be blameless. 

RE-BuK'ED, (re-biikt') pp. Reproved ; reprehended ; 
checked ; restrained ; punished for faults. 

RE-BuKE'FUL, a. Containing or abounding with re- 
bukes. 

RE-BuKE'FUL-LY, adv. With reproof or reprehension. 

RE-BuK'ER, n. One that rebukes; a chider; one that 
chastises or restrains. 

RE-BuK'ING, ppr. Chiding ; reproving ; checking ; pun- 
ishing. 

RE-BUL-Li"TION, n. Act of boiling or effervescing. 

RE-BUR'Y, (re-ber'ry) v. t. [re and bury.] To inter again. 

Re'BUS, 7!. [L., from res.] 1. An enigmatical representa- 
tion of some name, &;c. by using figures or pictures in- 
stead of words. 2. A sort of riddle. — 3. In some chemical 
writers, sour milk; sometimes, the ultimate matter of 
which all bodies aie composed. — 4. In heraldry, a coat of 
arms which bears an allusion to the name of the person ; 
as three cups, for Butler. 

RE-BUT', V. t. [Fr. rebutcr ; Norm, rebutter.] To repel ; to 
oppose by argument, plea or countervailing proof. 

RE-BUT', V. i. 1. To retire back ; [obs.] Spenser. 2. To 
answer, as a plaintiff^s sur-rejoinder. Blackstone. 

RE-BUT'TED, PJ7. Repelled; answered. 

R£-BUT'TER, n. In law pleadings, the answer of a de- 
fendant to a plaintiff's sur-rejoinder. Blackstone. 

RE-BUT'TING, ppr. Repelling; opposing by argument, 
countervailing allegation or evidence. 

RE-CALL', V. t. [re and call.] 1, To call back ; to take 
back. 2. To revoke ; to annul by a subsequent act. 3. 
To call back ; to revive in memory. 4. To call back from 
a place or mission. 

RE-CALL', n. 1. A calling back ; revocation. 2. The 
power of calling back or revoking. Dryden. 

RE-CALL'A-BLE, a. That may be recalled. Madison. 

RE-CALL'ED, (re-kawld);p^. Called back ; revoked. 

RE-CALL'ING, ppr. Calling back ; revoking. 

RE-CANT', V. t. [L. rccanto.] To retract; to recall; tc 
contradict a former declaration. 

RE-CANT', V. i. To recall words ; to revoke a declaration 
or proposition ; to unsay what has been said. 

RE-CAN-Ta'TION, n. The act of recalling ; retraction ; a 
declaration that contradicts a former one. Sidney. ' 

RE-eANT'ED,jjp. Recalled; retracted. 

RE-CANT'ER, 71. One that recants. Shak. 

RE-€ANT'ING, ppr. Recalling ; retracting. 

RE-€A-PAC'I-TATE, v. t. [re and capacitate.] To qual- 
ify again ; to confer capacity on again. Mterbvry. 

RE-CA-PAC'I-TA-TED, ^;?. Capacitated again. 

RE-CA-PAC'I-TA-TING, ppr. Conferring capacity again. 

RE-€A-PIT'U-LATE, v. t. [Fr. recapituler.] To repeat the 
principal things mentioned in a preceding discourse, ar- 
gument or essay; to give a summary of the principal 
facts, points or arguments. 

RE-€A-PIT'U-LA-TED, pp. Repeated in a summary. 

RE-CA-PIT'U-LA-TING, ppr. Repeating the principal 
things in a discourse or argument. 

RE-CA-PIT-U-LA'TION, n. I. The act of recapitulating. 
2. A summary or concise statement or enumeration of the 
principal points or facts in a preceding discourse, argu- 
ment or esspy. 

RE-€A-PIT'U-LA-TO-RY, a. Repeating again ; containing 
recapitulation. Oarretson. 

RE-CAP'TION, 71. [L. re and captio.] The act of retaking ; 



* See Synopsis. A, E, T, 6, T7, ?< long.—Y-AK, F^LL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PTN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



REC 



67: 



llEC 



reprisal ; the retaking of one's own goods, chattels, wife 
or children from one who has taken them and wrongfuiiy 
detains them. Blackstone. 
RE-GAP'TOR, n. [re and captor.] One who retakes ; pne 

that takes a prize which had been previously taken. 
R£-€APT'URE, n. [re and capUire.] 1. The act of reta- 
king ; particularly, the retaking of a prize or goods from 
a captor. 2. A prize retaken. 
RE-€APT'URE, v. t. To retake , particularly, to retake a 

prize which had been previously taken. 
RE-eAPT'URED, pp. Retaken. 
RE-€APT'UR-ING, ppr. Retaking, as a prize from the 

captor. 
RE-€AR'NI-FY. v t [re and camify.] To convert again 

into flesh [Mot much used.] Howell. 
RE-€AR'RIE"D, pp. Carried back or again. 
RE-€AR'RY, v. t. [re and carry.] To carry bacK. Walton. 
RE-€AR'RY-[NG, ppr. Carrying back. 
RE-€aST', v. t. [re and cast.] 1. To cast again. 2. To 
throw again. 3. To mold anew. 4. To compute a sec- 
ond time 
RE-CAST', pp. Cast again ; molded anew. 
RE-€AST'ING, ppr. Casting again ; molding anew. 
RE-CkDE', v. i. [L. recede.] 1. To move back ; to retreat ; 
to witlidtaw. 2. To withdraw a claim or pretension ; to 
desist from j to relinquish what had been proposed or as- 
serted. 
RE-CeDE', v. t. [re and cede.] To cede back j to grant or 

yield to a former possessor. 
RE-CkD'ED,pp. Ceded back; regranted. 
RE-CeD'ING, ppr. 1. Withdrawing ; retreating ; moving 

back. 2. Ceding back ; regranting. 
RE-CeIPT', ) , ^,.{ n. [ft. ricctta ; L. receptus.] 1. The 

RE-CeIT', i <.re-seei ) ^ ^^^ ^f receiving. 2. The place 
of receiving. 3. Reception. 4. Reception ; welcome; [oSs.] 
5. Recipe ; prescription of ingredients for any composition, 
as of medicines, &c. Dryden. — 6. In commerce, a writing 
acknowledging the taking of money or goods. 
Ri-cilT''^'' i (re-seef) \v t. To give a receipt for. 
RE-CeIV'A-BLE, a. That may be received. 
RE-CeIV'A-BLE-NESS, 11. Capability of being received, 
RE-CeIVE', w. t. [Fr. recevoir ; It. ricevere.] 1. To take, 
as a thing offered or sent ; to accept. 2. To take as due 
or as a reward. 3. To take or obtain from another in any 
manner, and either good or evil. 4. To take, as a thing 
communicated. 5. To take or obtain intellectually, b. 
To embrace. 7. To allow; to hold; to retain. 8. To 
admit. 9. To welcome ; to lodge and entertain ; as a 
guest. 10. To admit into membership or fellowship. 11. 
To take in or on ; to hold ; to contain. 12. To be endow- 
ed with. 13. To take into a place or state. 14. To take 
or have as something described. 15. To bear with or suf- 
fer. 2 Cor. xi. 16. To believe in. John i. 17. To accept 
or admit officially or in an official character. 18. To take 
stolen goods from a thief, knowing them to be stolen. 
RE-CeIV'ED, (re-seevd') pp. Taken ; accepted ; admitted ; 

embraced ; entertained ; believed. 
RE-CeIV'ED-NESS, n. General allowance or belief. 
RE-CeIV'ER, 71. 1. One who takes or receives in any man- 
ner. 2. An officer appointed to receive public money ; a 
treasurer. 3. One who takes stolen goods from a thief, 
knowing them to be stolen, and incurs the guilt of parta- 
king in the crime. 4. A vessel for receiving and contain- 
ing the product of distillation. 5. The vessel of an air- 
pump, for containing the thing on which an experiment 
is to_be made. G. One who partakes of the sacrament. 
RE-CeIV'ING, ppr. Taking ; accepting ; admitting ; em- 
bracing ; believing ; entertaining. 
RE-CEL'E-BRATE, v. t. [re and celebrate ] To celebrate 

again. B. Jonson. 
RE-CEL'E-BRA-TED, pp. Celebrated anew. 
RE-CEL'E-BRA-TING, pjTT Celebrating anew. 
RE-CEL-E-BRa'TION, 11. A renewed celebration. 
Re'CEN-CY, n. [L. recens.] 1. Newness ; new state ; late 

origin. 2. Lateness in time ; freshness. 
RE-CENSE', (re-sens') v. t. [L. recenseo.] To review ; to 

revise. 
RE-CEN'SION, n. [L. recensio.] Review ; examination ; 

enumeration. Evelyn. 
Re'CENT, a. [L. recens.] 1. New ; being of late origin or 
existence. 2. Late ; modern. 3. Fresh ; lately received. 
4. Late ; of late occurrence ; as a recent event or trans- 
action. 5. Fresh ; not long dismissed, released or parted 
from. 
Re'CENT-LY, adv. Newly ; lately ; freshly ; not long 

since. 
Re'CENT-NESS, n. Newness ; freshness ; lateness of ori- 
gin or occurrence. 
♦ RE-CEP'TA-€LE, n. [L. receptaculum.] 1. A place or 
vessel into which something is received or in which it is ■ 
contained, as a vat, a tun, a hollow in the earth, &c. — ! 
2. in botany, one of the parts of the fructification ; the I 
base by which the other parts of the fiructificaiion are I 



connected. — 3. In anatomy _ the receptacle of the chyle is 
situated on the left side of the upper vertebre of the loins, 
under the aorta and the vessels of the left kidney. 
REC-EP-TA€'U-LAR, a. In botany, pertaining to the re 

ceptacle or growing on it, as the nectary. 
REC'EP-TA-RY, n. Thing received. Brown. 
RE-CEP-TI-BIL'I-TY, n. The possibility of receiving or 

of being received. Olanville. 
RE-CEP'TIOxNf, n. [Fr., L. receptio.] 1. The act of receiv- 
ing. 2. The state of being received. 3. Admission of 
any thing sent or communicated. 4. Readmission. 5. 
Admission of entrance for holding or containing. 6. A 
receiving or manner of receiving for entertainment; en- 
tertainment. 7. A receiving officially. 8. Opinion gen- 
erally admitted ; [obs.] 9. Recovery ; [obs.] 
RE-CEP'TIVE, a. "Having the quality of receiving or ad- 
mitting what is communicated. Olanville. 
RE-CEP-Tiyi-TY; 11. The state or quality of being recep- 
tive. Fotherby. 
* t RE-CEP'TO-RY, a. Generally or popularly admitted or 

received. Brown. 
RE-CESS', n. [L. recessus.] 1. A withdrawing or retiring ; 
a moving back. 2. A withdrawing from public business 
or notice; retreat; retirement. 3. Departure. 4. Place 
of retirement or secrecy ; private abode. 5. State of re- 
tirement. 6. Remission or suspension of business or 
procedure. 7. Privacy ; seclusion from the world or from 
company. 8. Secret or abstruse part. 9. A withdrawing 
from any point ; removal to a distance. 10. [Fr. reccz.] 
An abstract or registry of the resolutions of the imperial 
diet ; [obs,] 11. The retiring of the shore of the sea or 
of a lake from the general line of the shore, forming a 
bay. 
RE-CES'SION, n. [L. recessio.] 1. The act of withdraw- 
ing, retiring or retreating. 2. The act of receding from a 
claim, or of relaxing a demand. 3. A cession or granting 
back. 
RE-C[JaNGE', v. t. [Fr. rechanger.] To change again. 
RE-CHaNG'ED, (re-chanjd') pi-^ Changed again. 
RE-CHaNG'ING, ppr. Changing again. 
RE-CHARGE', v. t. [Fr. recharger.] 1. To charge or ac- 
cuse in return. 2. To attack again ; to attack anew. 
RE-CHAR6'ED, (re-charjd') pp. Accused in return ; attack- 
ed anew. 
RE-CHAR6'ING, ppr. Accusing in return ; attacking 

anew^ 
RE-CHeAT', n. Among hunters, a lesson which the hunts- 
man winds on the horn when the hounds have lost the 
game, to call them back from pursuing a counter-scent 
Shak. 
RE-CHeAT', v. t. To blow the recheat. Drayton. 
RE-CHOOSE', (re-chooz') v. t. To choose a second time. 
RE-CHoS'EN, (re-ch5'zn) pp. or a. Re-elected; chosen 

again. 
RE-CID-I-Va'TION, n. [L. recidivus.] A falling back ; a 

backsliding. [Jyot much used.] Hammond. 
fREC-I-Dl'VATE, i) i. [h. recidivo.] To backslide; to fall 

again. Bp. jindrewes. 
RE-CID'I-VOUS, a. [L. recidivus.] Subject to backslide. 

[Little used.] 
REC'I-PE, (res'e-py) 71. [L. imperative of recipio.] A medi- 
cal prescription ; a direction of medicines to be taken by 
a patient. 
RE-CIP'I-ENT, 71. [L. recipiens.] 1. A receiver ; the per- 
son or thing that receives ; he or that to which any thing 
is communicated. 2. The receiver of a still. 
RE-CIP'RO-CAL, a. [L. reciprocus ; Sp., It. reciproco ; Fr 
reciproque.] 1. Acting in vicissitude or return ; altern- 
ate. 2. Mutual ; done by each to the other. 3. Mutual- 
ly interchangeable. 
RE-CIP'RO€AL, n. The reciprocal of any quantity is uni • 

ty divided by that quantity. 
RE-CIP'RO-€AL-LY, adv. Mutually ; interchangeably ; iu 
such a manner that each affects the other and is equally 
affected by it. 
RE-CIP'RO-CAL-NESS, n. Mutual return ; alternateness. 
RE-CIP'RO-CATE, v. i. [L. reciproco ; Fr. reciproquer.] To 

act interchangeably ; to alternate. Dryden. 
RE-CIP'RO-CATE, v. t. To exchange; to interchange ; to 

give and return mutually. 
RE-GIP'RO-CA-TED, pp. Mutually given and returned ; 

interchanged. 
RE-CIP'RO-CA-TING, ppr. Interchanging ; each giving or 

doing to the other the same thing. 
RE-CIP-RO-€a'TION, n. [L. reciprocatio.] 1. Interchange 
of acts ; a mutual giving and returning. 2. Alternation. 
3. Regular return or alternation of two symptoms or dis- 
eases. 
REC-I-PROC'I-TY, n. [Fr. reciprocite.] Reciprocal obliga- 
tion or right ; equal mutual rights or benefits to be yielded 
or enjoye"d, 
RE-Ci"SION, 71. [L. recisio.] The act of cutting off. 
RE-ClT'AL, n. 1. Rehearsal ; the repetition of the word3 
of another or of a writing. 2. Narration; a telling of the 



':e Synopsi? MOVE, BOOK. DoVE ;— BIJLL . UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J j S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete* 



IIEC 



676 



REC 



particulars of an adventure or of a series of events. 3. 
Enumeration. Prior. 

REC-I-Ta'TION, ?i. [L. recitatio] ]. Rehearsal; repeti- 
tion of words. Temple. — 2. In colleges and schools^ the 
rehearsal of a lesson by pupils before their instructor. 

REC-I-TA-TIVE , a. [Fr. recitatif; It. recitativo.] Recit- 
ing ; rehearsing; pertaining to musical pronunciation. 
Dryden. 

REC-I-TA-TlVE', n. A kind of musical pronunciation, 
such as that in which the several parts of the liturgy are 
rehearsed in churches, or that of actors on the stage, when 
they express some action or passion, relate some event, or 
reveal some design. 

REC-I-TA-TlVE'LY, adv. In the manner of recitative. 

RE-ClTE', V. t. [L. recito.'] 1. To rehearse ; to repeat the 
words of another or of a writing. — 2. In writing, to copy. 
3. To tell over ; to relate ; to narrate. 4. To rehearse, 
as alesson to an instructor. 5. To enumerate. 

RE-ClTE', V. i. To rehearse a lesson. American seminaries. 

fRE-ClTE', foi recital. 

RE-ClT'ED, ■pp. Rehearsed ; told ; repeated ; narrated. 

RE-ClT'ER, n. One that recites or rehearses ; a narrator. 

RE-CIT'ING, ppr. Rehearsing ; telling ; repeating ; nar- 
rating. 

j-RE€K, V. i. [Sax. recan, reccan.] To care ; to mind ; to 
rate at much. Milton. 

RE€K, -y.i. To heed ; to regard; to care for. {Obsolete, 
luiless in poetry.'] Sidney. 

REGK'LESS, a. Careless ; heedless ; mindless. Sidney. 

RECK'LESS-NESS, n. Heedlessness ; carelessness ; negli- 
gence. Sidney. 

RE€K'ON, (rek'n) v. t.. [Sax. recan, reccan ; D. reckenen ; 
G. rechnen.] 1. To count ; to number ; that is, to tell the 
particulars. 2. To esteem ; to account ; to repute. Rom. 
viii. 3. To repute ; to set in the number or rank of. — 4. 
To assign in an account. 5. To compute ; to calculate. 

RE€K'ON, V. i. 1. To reason with one's self and conclude 
from arguments. 2. To charge to account; with ow. 3. 
To pay a penalty ; to be answerable. — To reckon vith. 1. 
To state an account with another, and compare it with 
his account. 2. To call to punishment. — To reckon on 
or upon, to lay stress or dependence on. 

RE€KONED, (reknd) pp. Counted; numbered; esteem- 
ed reputed ; computed ; set or assigned to in account. 

RE€K'OiV-ER, (rek'n-er) n. One who reckons or com- 
putes. 

RECK'ONING, (rek'ning) ppr. Counting ; computing ; 
esteeming ; reputing ; stating an account mutually. 

RECK'ONING, n. 1. The act of counting or computing ; 
calculation. 2. An account of time. 3. A statement of 
accounts with another ; a statement and comparison of 
accounts mutually for adjustment. 4. The charges or ac- 
count made by a host. 5. Account taken. 6. "Esteem; 
account ; estimation. — 7. In naoigation, an account of 
the ship's course and distance calculated from the log- 
board without the aid of celestial observation. 

RE€K'ONING-BOOK, n. A book in which money receiv- 
ed and expended is entered. Johnson. 

RE-CLaIM', v. t. [Fr. reclamer ; h, reclamo.] 1. To claim 
back ; to demand to have returned. 2. To call back from 
en-or, wandering or transgression, to the observance of 
moral rectitude ; to reform ; to bring back to correct de- 
portment or course of life. 3. To reduce to the state de- 
sired. 4. To call back; to restrain. 5. To recall ; to cry 
out against; [unusual.] 6. To reduce from a wild to a 
tame or domestic state ; to tame ; to make gentle. 7. 
To demand or challenge ; to make a claim ; a French 
use. 8. To recover. — 9. In ancient customs, to pursue 
and recall, as a vassal. 10. To encroach on what has 
been taken from one ; to attempt to recover possession. 

RE-CLaIM', v. i. To cry out ; to exclaim. Pope. 

t RE-CLAIM', n. 1. Reformation. Hales. 2. Recovery. 
Spenser. 

RE-CLaIM'A-BLE, a. That may be reclaimed, reformed 
or tamed. 

RE-CLaIM'ANT, n. One that opposes, contradicts or re- 

m.onstrates against. Waterland. 
RE-CLaIM'ED, (re-klamd') pp. Recalled from a vicious 

life ; reformed ; tamed ; domesticated ; recovered. 
RE-CLaIM'ING, ppr. Recalling to a regular course of life ; 

reforming; recovering; taking; demanding, 
t RE-€LaIM'LESS, a. Not to be reclaimed. Lee. 
REC-LA-Ma'TION, 71. 1. Recovery. 2. Demand; chal- 
lenge of something to be restored ; claim made. 
REC'LI-NATE, a. [L. reclinatus.] In botany, reclined, as 
a leaf; bent downwards, so that the point of the leaf is 
lower than the base. 
REC-LI-Na'TEON, n. The act of leaning or reclining. 
RE-€LlNE', V. t. [L. reclino.] To lean back ; to lean to one 

side or sidewise. 
RE-€LlNE', V. i. To lean ; to rest or repose ; as, to recline 

on a couch. 
EE-€LlNE', a. [L. reclinis.] Leaning ; being in a leaning 
posture. [Little iised.] Milton 



I RE-€LlN'ED, (re-klind') pp. Inclined back cr sidewise. 

RE-€LlN'ING, ppr. Leaning back or sidewise ; resting , 
lying._ 

RE-CLoSE', V. t. [re and close.] To close or shut again 
Pope._ 

RE-€LoS'ED, (re-kl6zd') pp. Closed again. 

RE-CLoS'ING, ppr. Closing again. 

RE-CLuDE', V. t. [L. recludo.] To open. [Little used.] 

RE-CLuSE', a. [Fr. rectus ; L. rechisus.] Shut up ; seques- 
tered ; retired from the world or from public notice ; soli- 
tary. _ 

RE-CLuSE', n. 1. A person who lives in retirement or se- 
clusion from intercourse with the world, as a hermit or 
monk. 2. A person who confines himself to a cell in a 
monastery. 

fRE-CLtJSE', V. t. To shut up. Donne. 

RE-CLuSE'LY, adv. In retirement or seclusion from so- 
ciety ._ 

RE-€LuSE'NESS, n. Retirement ; seclusion from society. 

RE-€Lu'SlON, n. A state of retirement from the world ; 
seclusion. 

RE-€Lu'SIVE, a. Affording retirement from society. 

RE-€0-AG-U-La'T10N, n. A second coagulation. 

fRE-COCT', a. [li. recoctus.] New-vamped. Taylor. 

*REC-OG-Ni"TION, (rek-og'-nish'un, or rek-o-nish'un) n. 
[L. rccognitio.] 1. Acknowledgment; formal avowal. 
2. Acknowledgment ; memorial. 3. Acknowledgment ; 
solemn avowal by which a thing is owned or declared to 
belong to, or by which the remembrance of it is revived, 
4. Knowledge confessed or avowed. 

* RE-COG'NI-TOR, (re-kog'ne-tor, or re-kon'e-tor) n. One 
of a jury upon assize. Blackstone. 

*RE-C0G'NI-ZA-BLE, (re-kog'ne-za-bl, or re-kon'e-za-bl) 
a. That may be recognized or acknowledged. Orient. Col- 
lections. 

*RE-C0G'NI-ZANCE, (re-kog'ne-zans, or re-kon'e-zans) 
71. [Fr. reconnoisance.] 1. Acknowledgment of a person 
or thing ; avowal ; profession. — 2. In laic, an obligation 
of record which a man enters into before some court of 
record or magistrate duly authorized, with condition to 
do some particular act, as to appear at the assizes, to 
keep the peace, or pay a debt. 3. The verdict of a jury 
impanneled upon assize. 

* REC'OG-NlZE, (rek'og-nize, or rek'o-nize) v. t. [It. rico- 
noscere ; Sj). reconocer ; Fr. reconnoitre ; L. recognosco.] 
1. To recollect or recover the knowledge of, either with 
an avowal of that knowledge or not. We recognize a per- 
son at a distance, when we recollect that we have seen 
him before, or that we have formerly known him. We 
recognize his features or his voice. 2. To review ; to re- 
examine. South. 

* REC'OG-NiZE, V. i. To enter an obligaticm of record be- 
fore a proper tribunal. 

*RE€'OG-NlZED, pp. Acknowledged; recollected as 
known ; bound by recognizance. 

* RE-COG-NI-ZEE', n. The person to whom a recognizance 
is made. Blackstone. 

*REeOG-NlZ-ING, ppr Acknowledging; recollecting as 
known ; entering a recognizance. 

* RE-COG-NI-ZOR', n. One who enters into a recogni- 

zance. Blackstone. 
RE-COIL', V. i. [Fr. reculer^ ; It. rinculare ; Sp. recular.] 

1. To move or start back ; to roll back. 2. To fall back ; 

to retire. 3. To rebound. 4. To retire; to flow back. 5. 

to start back ; to shrink ; as, nature recoils at the bloody 

deed. 6. To return. 
f RE-COIL', V. t. To drive back. Spenser. 
RE-COIL', n. A starting or falling back. 
RE-COIL'ER, n. One who falls back from his promise oi 

profession ; a revolter. 
RE-COIL'ING, ppr. Starting or falling back ; retiring ^ 

shrinking. 
RE-COIL'lNG, n. The act of starting or falling back ; a 

shrinking ; revolt. South. 
RE-COIL'ING-Ly, adv. With starting back or retroces- 
sion. 
RE-COIN', V. t. [re and coin.] To coin again. 
RE-COIN' AGE, n. 1. The act of coining anew. 2. That 

which is coined anew. 
RE-COIN'ED, (re-koind-) pp. Coined again. 
RE-COIN'ING, ppr. Coining anew. 
REC-OL-LECT', v. t. [re and collect ; L. recolligo, recol- 

lectus.] I. To collect again ; to recover or call back ideas 

to the memory. 2. To recover or recall the knowledge 

of; to bring back to the mind or memory. 3. To recover 

resolution or csmposure of mind. 
RE-COL-LECT', v. t. To gather again ; to collect what 

has been scattered. 
REC'OL-LECT. See Recollet. 
REC-OL-LECT'ED, pp. Recalled tQ the memory. 
REC-OL-LECT'ING, ppr. Recovering to the memory. 
REC-OL-LEC'TION, n. 1. The act of recalling to the 

memory, as ideas that have escaped ; or the operation by 

which ideas are recalled to the memory or revived in f lie 



* See Synopsis. A fi, I 5 U, f lonff.—FKR, FALL, WHAT ;—PRJSY j— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete 



REC 



677 



REC 



mind. 2. The power of recalling ideas to the mind, or 
the period within which things can be recollected ; re- 
membrance. 

R.E€-OL-LEeT'IVE, a. Having the power of recollecting. 

RE€'OL-LET, n. fSp., Port, recoleto.] A monk of a re- 
formed order of Franciscans. 

11E-€0M-BI-Na'TI0N, n. Combination a second time. 

RE-€OM-BlNE', v. t. [re and combine.] To combine 
again. 

llE-€OM-BrN'ED, (re-kora-bind') p;>. Combined anew. 

RE-€OM-BlN'ING, ppr. Combining again. 

RE-C6M FORT, v. t. [re and comfort.] 1. To comfort 
again ; to console anew. 2. To give new strength. 

RE-€6jM'FORT-ED, pp. Comforted again. 

llE-€6M'FORT-ING, ppr. Comforting again. 

t RE-CoM'FO.RT-LESS, a. Witliout comfort. Spenser. 

RE-COM-MENCE', (re-kom-mens') v. t. [re and com- 
vievce.] To commence again ; to begin anew. 

RE-€OM-MEN'CED, (re-kom-mensf) pp. Commenced 
anew. 

RE-€OM-MEN'CING, ppr. Beginning again. 

[{ EC-OM-MEND', v. t. fre and commend; Fr. rccommand- 
er.] 1. To praise to another : to offer or commend to an- 
other's notice, confidence or kindness by favorable repre- 
sentations. 2. To make acceptable. 3. To commit with 
prayers. 

REC-OM-MEND'A-BLE, a. That may be recommended ; 
worthy of recommendation or praise. Glanville. 

[REC-OM-MEND'A-BLE NESS, n. auality of being rec- 
ommendable. 

tREC-OM-MEND'A-BLY, adv. So as to deserve com- 
mendation. 

REC-OM-MEND-A'TION, K. 1. The act of recommending 
or of commending ; the act of representing in a favorable 
manner for the purpose of procuring the notice, confi- 
dence or civilities of another. 2. That which procures a 
kind or favorable reception. 

RE€-OM-MENi> A-TO-RY, a. That commends to another ; 
that recommends. Swift. 

REC-OM-MEND'ED, pp. Praised ; commended to another. 

REC-OM-MEND'ER, n. One who commends. 

RE€-OM-MEND'ING, ppr. Praising to another ; commend- 
ing. 

RE-€OM-MIS'SION, v. t. [re and comviission.] To commis- 
sion again. Marshall. 

RE-€OM-MIS'SIONED, pp. Commissioned again. 

RE-€OM-MIS'SION-ING, ppr. Commissioning again. 

RE-COM-MIT', 1). t [re B.\\A. commit.] 1. To commit again. 
2. To refer again to a committee. 

RE-€OM-MIT'MENT, n. A second or renewed commit- 
ment ; a renewed reference to a committee. 

RE-€OM-MIT'TED, pp. Committed anew ; referred again. 

RE-€OM-MIT'TING, ppr. Committing again j referring 
again to a committee. 

RE-€OM-Mu'NI-€ATE, v. i. [re and comviunicate.] To 
communicate again. 

RE-€OM-PA€T', v. t. [re and compact.] To join anew. 

tRE-€OM-PEN-SA'TION, n. Recompense. 

REC'OM-PENSE, v. t. [Fr. recompenser.] 1. To compen- 
sate ; to make return of an equivalent for any thing given, 
done or suffered. 2. To requite ; to repay ; to return an 
equivalent ; in a bad sense. 3. To make an equivalent 
return in profit or produce. 4. To compensate ; to make 
amends by any thing equivalent. 5. To make restitution 
or an equivalent return for. JVwm. v. 

REC'OM-PENSE, v. 1. An equivalent returned for any 
thing given, done or suffered; compensation; reward; 
amends. 2. Requital ; return of evil or suffering or other 
equivalent ; as a punishment. 

REC'OM-PENSED, pp. Rewarded; requited. 

RECOM-PENS-ING, p;)r. Rewarding; compensating; re- 
quiting. 

RE-€OM-PiLE'MENT, n. [re and compilement.] New 
compilation or digest. Bacon. 

RE-€OM-PoSE', V. t. [re and compose.] 1. To quiet anew ; 
to compose or tranquilize that which is ruffled or disturb- 
ed. 2. To compose anew ; to form or adjust again. 

RE-€OM-PoS'ED, (re-kom-pozd') pp. Quieted again after 
agitation ;_ formed anew ; composed a second time. 

RE-€OM-PoS'ING, ;};ir. Rendering tranquil after agitation ; 
■forming or adjusting anew. 

RE-€OM-PO-Sl"TrON, n. Composition renewed. 

REC-ON-ClL'A-BLE, a. 1. Capable of being reconciled ; 
•capable of renewed friendship. 2. That may be made to 
agree or be consistent ; consistent. 3. Capable of being 
adjusted. 

REC-ON-CiL'A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being 
reconcilable; consistency. 2. Possibility of being restor- 
ed to friendship and harmony. 

KEC-ON-CILE', V. t. [Fr. reconcilier ; L. reconcilio.] 1. To 
conciliate anew ; to call back into union and friendship 
the affections which have been alienated ; to restore to 
friendship or favor after estrangement. 2. To bring to 
acquiescence, content or quiet submission. 3. To make 



consistent or congruous ; to bring to agreement or suita 
bleness. 4, To adjust ; to settle. 

t RE€-ON-ClLE', a. i. To become reconciled. .Sbp. San- 
croft. 

REC-ON-ClL'ED, (rek-on-sild') pp. Brought into friend- 
sliip from a state of disagreement or enmity ; made con- 
sistent; adjusted. 

RE€-ON-ClLE'MENT, 71. 1. Reconciliation; renewal of 
friendship. 2. Friendship renewed. Milton. 

REC-ON-ClL'ER, n. 1. One who reconciles ; one who 
brings parties at variance into renewed friendship. 2 
One who discovers the consistence of propositions. 

RE€-ON-CIL-r-A'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. reconciliatio.] 1 
Tlie act of reconciling parties at variance ; renewal of 
friendship after disagreement or enmity. — 2. In Scripture, 
the means by which sinners are reconciled and Irought 
into a state of favor with God, after natural estrangement 
or enmity ; tlie atonement; expiation. 3. Agreement of 
things seemingly opposite, different or inconsistent. 

REC-OiV-CIL'I- A-TO-RY, a. Able or tending to reconcile. 
IlaU. 

RE€-ON-ClL'ING, ppr. Bringing into favor and friendship 
after variance ; bringing to content or satisfaction ; show- 
ing to be consistent ; adjusting ; making to asree. 

RE-CON DEN-Sa'TION, n. The act of recondensing. 

RE-CON-DENSE', (re-kon-dens') v. t. [re and condense.] 
To condense again. Boyle. 

RE-CON-DENS'ED, (re-kon-densf) pp. Condensed anew 

RE-€ON-DEN3'ING, ppr. Condensing again. 

*RE€ON-DITE, a. [L. reconditus.] 1. Secret ; hidden 
from the view or intellect; abstruse. 2. Profound ; deal- 
ing in things abstruse. 

RE-€ON'DI-TO-RY, n. A repository ; a store-house or mag- 
azine. [Little used.] Ash. 

RE-eON-DU€T', v. t. [re and condact.] To conduct back 
or again. Dry den. 

RE-CON-DU€T'ED, 7>;j. Conducted back or again. 

RE-eON-DU€T'ING, ppr. Conducting back or again. 

RE-€ON-FiRM', v. t. [re and confirm.] To confirm anew. 

RE-CON-JOIN', V. t. [re and conjoin.] To join or conjoin 
anew. Boyle. 

RE-€ON-JdlN'ED, (re-kon-joind') pp. Joined again. 

RE-€ON-JOJN'ING, ppr. Joining anew. 

RE-CON-NOIT'ER, v.t. [Fr. reconnoitre.] To view; to 
survey ; to examine by the eye ; particularly, in military 
affairs, to examine the state of an enemy's army or camp, 
or the ground for military operations. 

RE-CON-NOIT'ERED, pp. Viewed ; examined by person- 
al observation. 

RE-CON-NOIT'ER-ING, pp: Viewing ; examining by 
personal observation. 

RE-€ON'Q,UER, (re-kon'ker) v. t. [re and conquer; Fr. re- 
conquerir.] 1. To conquer again; to recover by con- 
quest. Davies. 2. To recover ; to regain ; [a French 
use.] 

RE-€ON'Q,UERED, pp. Conquered again ; regained. 

RE-€ON'Q,UER-ING, ppr. Conquering again ; recovering. 

RE-CON'SE-€RATE, v. t. [re and consecrate.] To conse- 
crate anew. 

RE-CON'SE-€RA-TED, pp. Consecrated again. 

RE-CON'SE-CRA-TING, ppr. Consecrating again. 

RE-€ON-SE-€Ra'TION, n. A renewed consecration 

RE-CON-SID'ER, v. t. [re and consider.] 1. To consider 
again ; to turn in the mind again ; to review. 2. To an- 
nul ; to take into consideration a second time and rescind. 

RE-€ON-SID-ER-a'TION, n. 1. A renewed consideration 
or review in the mind. 2. A second consideration ; an- 
nulment ; rescision. 

RE-CON-SID'ERED, fp. Considered again ; rescinded. 

RE-CON-SID'ER-ING, ppr. Considering again ; rescinding. 

t RE-€ON'SO-LATE, v. t. To console or comfort again. 

RE-€ON-VeNE', v. t. [re and convene.] To convene or 
call together again. 

RE-CON-VeNE', v. i. To assemble or come together again. 

RE-CON-VeN'ED, (re-kon-veend') pp. Assembled anew. 

RE-CON-VeN'ING, ppr. Assembling anew. 

RE-CON- VER'SION, n. [re and conversion.] A second 
conversion. Weever. _ 

RE-CON-VERT', v. t. [re and convert.] To convert again. 

RE-€0N-VERT'ED, pp. Converted again. 

RE-CON-VERT'ING, ppr. Converting again. 

RE-CON-VEY', V. t. [re and convey.] 1. To convey back 
or to its former place. 2. To transfer back to a former 
owner; as, to reconvey an estate. 

RE-CON-VEY'ED, (re-kon-vade') pp. Conveyed back>; 
transferred to a former owner. 

RE-CON-VEY'ING, ppr. Conveying back ; transferring to 
a former owner. 

RE-CORD', v. t. [L. recorder ; Sp. recordar ; Fr. recorder.] 
1. To register ; to enroll ; to write or enter in a book or on 
parchment, for the purpose of preserving authentic or cor- 
rect evidence of a thing. 2. To imprint deeply on the 
mind or memory. 3. To cause to be remembered. 4. To 
recite ; to repeat ; [obs.] 5. To call to mind ; [obs.] 



Sec Synf^sis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ?— BIJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z : CfH as SH ; TH «s in this. tUbsoiete 



REC 



678 



REC 



8.E-€0RD', V. i. To sing or repeat a tune. Shak. 

* RE€'ORD, n. 1. A register ; iin authentic or otiicial copy 
of any writing, or account of any facts and proceedings, 
entered in a book for preservation ; or tlie book containing 
such copy or account. 2. Autlientic memorial. 

t RE€-OKD-A'TION, n. [L. recordatio,] Remembrance. 

RE-€ORD'ED, pj?. Registered j otncially entered in a book 
or on parchment ; imprinted on the memory. 

RE-€ORD'ER, n. 1. A person whose official duty is to regis- 
ter writings or transactions j one who enrolls or records. 
2. An officer of a city who is keeper of the rolls or records, 
or who is invested with judicial powers. 3. Formerly, a 
kind of flute, flagfclet or wind instrument. 

RE-eORD'ING, ^jjr. Registering; enrolling 3 imprinting on 
the memory. 

RE-€OUCn', V. i. [re and couch.] To retire again to a lodge, 
as lions. Wotton, 

RE-€OUNT', V. t. [Fr. reconter ; Sp. recontar ; It. raccon- 
tare.] To relate in detail ; to recite ; to tell or narrate the 
particulars ; to rehearse. 

RE-€OUNT'ED, pp. Related or told in detail ; recited. 

RE-€OUNT'ING, ppr. Relating in a series ; narrating. 

RE-eOUNT JVIENT, n. Relation in detail ; recital. [L. m.] 

(• RE-COUR'ED, for recovered or recured. Spenser. 

RE-CoURSE', n. [Fr. recours ; It. ricorso ; Sp. recurso ; L. 
r^cursus.] 1. Literalh, , a running back; a return. 2. 
Return ; new attack ; [obs.] 3. A going to with a request 
or application, as for aid or projection. 4. Application of 
efforts, art or labor. 5. Access ; [little used.] 6. Frequent 
passage. 

t RE-€oURSE', V. i. To return. Fox 

f RE-eoURSE'FUL, a. Moving alternately. Drayton. 

RE-€6V'ER, V. i. [Fr. recouvrer ; It. ricoverare ; Li. recu- 
perc] 1. To regain ; to ge* or obtain that v^hich was lost 
2. To restore from sickness. 3. To revive from apparent 
death. 4. To regain by reparation ; to repair the loss of, 
or to repair an injury done by neglect. 5. To regain a 
former state by liberation from capture or possession. 6. 
To gain as a compensation ; to obtain in return for injury 
or debt. 7. To reach ; to come to. 8. To obtain title to 
by judgment in a court of law. 

RE-€6V'ER, V. i. 1. To regain health after sickness ; to 
grow well. 2. To regain a former state or condition after 
misfortune. 3. To obtain a judgment in law ; to succeed 
in a lawsuit. 

RE-€6V'ER-A-BLE, a. 1. That may be regained or recov- 
ered. 2. That may be restored from sickness. 3. That 
may be brought back to a former condition. 4. That may 
be obtaiJied from a debtor or possessor. 

RE-€6V'ERED, pp. Regained ; restored ; obtained by judi- 
cial decision. 

RE-GoV-ER-EE', ?i. In lato, the tenant or person against 
whom a judgment is obtained in common recovery. 

RE-€6Y'EB.-ING, ppr. Regaining ; obtaining in return or by 
judgment in law ; regaining health. 

RE-€oVER-OR, ri. In Ian;, the demandant or person who 
obtains a judr'nent in his favor in common recovery. 

RE-€6V'ER-Y, n. 1. The act of regaining, retaking or ob- 
taining possession of any thing lost, 2. Restoration from 
sickness or apparent death. 3. The capacity of being re- 
stored to health. 4. The obtaining of right to something 
by a verdict and judgment of court from an opposing party 
in a suit. 

RE€'RE-ANT, a. [Norm, recreant.] 1. Crying for mercy, 
as a combatant in the trial by battel ; yielding ; hence, 
cowardly ; mean-spirited. 2. Apostate ; false. 

RE€'RE-ANT, n. One who yields in combat and cries 
craven : one who begs for mercy ; hence, a mean-spirited, 
cowardly wretch. 

REe'RE-ATE, v. t. [i... rezreo ; Fr. recreer ; It. ricreare ; 
Sp. recrear.] 1. To refresh afler toil ; to reanimate, as 
languid spirits or exhausted strength ; to amuse or divert 
in weariness. 2. To gratify ; to delight. 3. To relieve ; 
to revive. 

ilE€'RE-ATE, v. i. To take recreation. Addison. 
?.E-eRE-ATE', V. t. To create or form anew. Marshall. 

.iEG'RE-A-TED, pv. Refreshed ; diverted ; amused ; grati- 
fied. 

RE-€RE-aT'ED, vp. Created or formed anew. 

RE€'RE-A-TING, ppr. Refreshing after toil ; reanimating 
the spirits or strength ; diverting ; amusing. 

RE-€RE-aT'ING, ppr Creating or forming anew. 

RE€-RE-A'TION, 7?. 1. Refreshment of the strength and 
spirits after toil ; amusement ; diversion. 2. Relief from 
toil or pain ; amusement in sorrow or distress. Sidney. 

RE-€RE-A'TION, n. A forming anew. 

RE€'RE-A-TiVE, a. Refreshing ; giving new vigor or ani- 
mation ; giving relief after labor or pain ; amusing ; divert- 
ing. 

RE€'RE-A-TTVE-LY, adr. ^^.Ith recreation or diversion. 

REC'RE-A-TIVE-NESS, ,;. Tlie quality of being refreshing 
or diverting. 

RE€'RE-MENT, ?7. [L recrementum.] Superfluoug matter 
separated from that which is useful ; dross ; scoria ; spume. 



RE€-RE-MENT"AL, ) a. Drossy ; consisting ofsupef- 

RE€-RE-MEN-Ti"TIAL, > fluous matter seperated from 

RE€-RE-MEN-Ti"TIOUS, ) that which is valuable. 

RE-€RIM'I-NATE, v. i. [Fr. recriminer.] 1. To return 
one accusation with Emother. 2. To charge an accusei 
with the like crime. 

RE-CRIMiI-NATE, v. t. To accuse in return. South. 

RE-€RIM'I-NA-TING, ppr. Returning one accusation with 
another. 

RE-CRIM-I-Na'TION, n. 1. The return of one accusation 
with another. — 2. In laic, an accusation brought by the 
accused against the accuser upon the same fact. 

RE-€RIM'I-NA-TlVE, j t, , ^. ,. „ , 

RE-€RIM'I-NA-T0-RY \ -tietortmg accusation. Burke 

RE-CRIM'I-NA-TOR, n. He who retorts an accusation. 

RE-CROSS', V, t. To cross a second time. Washington. 

RE-€ROSS'ED, (re krost') ^;. Crossed a second time. 

RE-CROSS' ING, ppr. Crossing a second time. 

RE-CRU'DEN-CY. The same as recradescency. 

RE-CRU-DES'CENCE, ) n. [L. reci-udescens.] The state 

RE-CRU-DESCEN-CY, \ of becoming sore again. Bacon 

RE-CRU-DES'CENT, a. Growing raw, sore or painful 
again^ 

RE-CRuIT', V. t. [YY.recruter ; It. reclutare ; Sp.reclutar.\ 

' 1. To repair by fresh supplies any thing wasted. 2. To 
supply with new men any deficiency of troops. 

RE-CRuIT', V. i. 1. To gain new supplies of any thing 
wasted ; to gain flesh, health, spirits, &c. 2. To gain 
new supplies of men ; to raise new soldiers. 

RE-CRUIT', 11. The supply of any thing wasted ; chiefly, a 
new-raised soldier to supply the deficiency of an army. 

RE-CRuIT'ED, pp. Furnished with new supplies of what 
is wasted. 

RE-€RuIT'ER, n. One who recruits ; one who supplies a 
company with new members. 1 

RE-CRtJIT'ING, ppr. Furnishing with fresh supplies; rais- 
ing new soldiers for an army. 

RE-CRuIT'ING, n. The business of raising new soldiers to 
supply the loss of men in an army. 

RE-CRtJIT'MENT, n. The act or business of raising new 
supplies of men for an army. Walsh. 

RE-CRYSTAL-iZE, v. i. To crystalize a second time. 

RECT'AN-GLE, n. [Fr. ; L. rectangulus.] 1. A right-an- 
gled parallelogram. — 2. In arithmetic, the product of two 
lines multiplied into each other. 

RECT'AN-GLED, a. Having right angles, or angles of nine- 
ty degrees. 

RECT-AN'GU-LAR, a. Right-angled ; having angles of 
ninety degrees. Wotton. 

RE€T-AjN"GU-LAR-LY, adv. With or at right angles. 
Brown. 

REC TI-Fi-A-BLE, a. That may be rectified ; capable of 
being corrected or set right. 

REC-TI-FI-Ca'TION, w. [Fr.] 1. The act or operation of 
correcting, amending or setting right tliat which is wrong 
or erroneous. — 2. In chemistry, the process of refining or 
purifying any substance by repeated distillauon, which 
separates the grosser parts. 

REC'TI-FiED, pp. Corrected ; set or made right ; refined 
by repeated distillation or sublimation. 

RE€'TI-FI-ER, 7j. One that corrects or amends. Bailey. 2. 
One wlio refines a substance by repeated distillations. 3. 
An instiument that shows the variations of the compass, 
and rectifies the course of a ship. Encyc, 

RE€'TI-Fy, V. t. [Fr. rectifier ; It. reitificare : Sp. rectifi- 
car.] 1. To make rigirt ; to correct that which is Avrong, 
erroneous or false ; to amend. — 2. Jn chemistry, to refine 
by repeated distillation or sublimation, by which the fine 
parts of a substance are separated from the grosser. — 3. To 
rectify the globe, is to bring the sun's place in the ecliptic 
on the globe to the brass meridian. 

REC'TI-FY-ING, ppr. Correcting; amending; refining by 
repeated distillation or sublimation. 

REC-TI-LIN'E-AL, ) a. [L. rectus and linea.] Right-lined ; 

REC-TI-LINIE-AR, \ consisting of a right line or of right 
lines ; straight. 

t REC-TI-LIN'E-OUS, a. Rectilinear. Ray. 

REC'TI-TUDE, n. [Fr. ; It. rcttitudine ; Sp. rcctitud.] In 
viorality, rightness of principle or practice ; uprightness of 
mind ; exact conformity to truth^ or to the rules prescribed 
for moral conduct, either by divine or human laws. 

RECTOR, n. [L. rector ; Fr. recteur ; It. rett(yre.] 1. A 
ruler or governor. 2. A clergyman who has the charge 
and cure of a parish, and has the tithes, &c ; or the par- 
son of an unimpropriated parish. 3. The chief elective 
officer of some universities, as in France and Scotland. 
4. The superior officer or chief of a convent or religious 
house ; and, among the Jesuits, the superior of a house 
that is a seminary or college. 

rfctor at ) 

REe-To'RI-AL ( "" Pertaining to a rector. Blackstone. 

REC'TOR-SHIP', n. The ofiice or rank of a rector. 

REC'TOR-Y, 71. 1. A parish church, parsonage or spiritual 



* See Synopsis. A K I, O, U, "S", long —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



RED 



679 



RED 



iiving, with all its rights, tithes and glebes. 2. A rector's 
mansion or parsonage-house. Encyc. 

RE€'TRIX*'' ( ^' t^' '■^^^^'^^•l A governess. B. Jonson. 

REeTUM,'??. [L.] In anatomy, the third and last of the 
large intestines. Encyc. 

KE€-U-Ba'TION, n. [L. "ecubo ; re and cubo, to lie down.] 
The act of lying or leaning. [Little ^ised.] Brown. 

t RE-€ULE', r. i. To recoil. [See Recoil.] Barret. 

RE-€UMB', V. i. [L. recnmbo.] To lean ; to recline ; t6 re- 
pose. 

RE-eUMB'EXCE, n. [from L. recumbens.] The act of re- 
posing or resting in confidence. Ld. JVvrth. 

RE-€UMB EX-CY, n. 1. The posture of leaning, reclining 
or lying. 2. Rest ; repose ; idle state. Locke. 

RE-€UMB'ENT, a. [L. recumbens.] 1. Leaning ; reclin- 
ing. -2. Reposing ; inactive ; idle. Youna-. 

t RE-eu PER-A-BLE, a. Recoverable. Cliancer. 

RE-€U-PER-A TIOX, 7i. [L. recuperatio.] Recovery, as of 
any thing lost. 

RE-euPER-A-TiVE, ) a. Tending to recovery j pertain- 

RE-€U'PER-A-T0-RY, \ ing to recovery. 

RE-€UR', V. i. [L. recurro : Fr. recourir.] 1. To return to 
the thought or mind. 2. To resort ; to nave recourse. 

tRE-€uRE', V. t. [re and c?ire.] To cure 5 to recover. 

tRE-€uRE', n. Cure; recovery. Knollen. 

tRE-€uRE'LESS, a. Incapable of cure or remedy. 

RE-eURRENCE, \n. 1. Return. 2. Resort; the having 

RE-€UR'REN-CY, ) recourse. 

RE-CUR'REXT, a. [L. recurrens.] 1. Returning from time 
to time. — 2. In cry sialography^ a recurrent crystal is one 
whose faces, being counted in annular ranges from one 
extremity to the other, furnish two different numbers 
which succeed each other several times, as 4, 8, 4, 8, 4. — 
3. In anatomy, the recurrent nerve is a branch of the par 
vacrum, given off in the upper part of the thorax, which is 
reflected and runs up along the trachea to the larynx. 
Wistar. 

RE-€trR'SIOM', 71. [L. recursus.] Return. [Little tised.] 

RE-€URV'ATE, v. t. [L. recurvo.] To bend back. 

RE-€URViATE, a. 1. In botany, bent, bowed or curved 
downwards. 2. Bent outward's. 

RE-€UR-Va'TIOX, or RE-€URV'I-T1^, n. A bending or 
flexure backwards. Brown. 

RE-€URVE', (re-kurv') v. t. [L. recurve] To bend back. 

RE-€URV'ED, (re-kurvd') pp. Bent back or downwards. 

RE-€URV'I-R0S-TER, n. [L. recurvus and rostrum.] A 
fowl whose beak or bill bends upwards, as the avoset. 

RE-€URV'0US, G. [lu. recurvus.] Bent backwards. 

RE-€u'SAX-CY, n. Non-conformity. Coke. 

* RE-€U'SANT, a. [L. recusans.] Refusing to acknowledge 
the supremacy of the king, or to conform to the establish- 
ed rites of the church. 

*RE-€d SANT, n. 1. In English history, a person who re- 
fuses to acknowledge the supremacy of the king in mat- 
ters of religion. 2. One who refuses communion with the 
church of England ; a non-conformist. 

REG-U-Sa TION, ?i. [L. rectisatio.] 1. Refusal.— 2. In law, 
the act of refusing a judge, or challenging that he shall 
not try the cause, on account of his supposed partiality. 

t RE-€USE', V. t. [L. recuso.] To refuse or reject, as a 
judge ; to challenge that the judge shall not try the cause. 
Digby. g 

RED, a. [Sax. red, read ; D. rood ; G. roth ; Sw. rod ; Dan. 
rod ; Corn, rydh.] Of a bright color, resembling blood. 
Red is a. simple or primary color, but of several different 
shades or hues, as scarlet, crimson, vermilion, orange- 
red, &c. 

RED, n. A red color. J\''ewton. 

f RE-DA€T', V. t. [L. redactus.] To force ; to reduce to 
form. 

RED' AN, n. [written sometimes redent and redens.] In for- 
tification, a work indented, or formed with salient and re- 
entering' angles, so that one part may flank and defend 
another. 

fRED-ARGUE, V. t. ['L.redarguo.] To refute. 

tRED-AR-GuTION, ?!. Refutation; conviction. Bacon. 

RED -BER-RIED, a. Having or bearing red berries. 

RED-BiRD, 71. The popular name of several birds. 

REDBREAST,.7i. A bird so called from the color of its 
breast, a species of motacilla. 

RED BUD, n. A plant or tree of the genus cercis. 

RED-CHALK', 71. A kind of clay iron-stone ; reddle. 

RED-€o'AT, n. A name given to a soldier who wears a 
red coat. Dryden. 

RED'DEX, (red'n) v. t. To make red. Dryden. 

REDDEN, (red'n) v. i. 1. To grow or become red. 2. To 
blush. 

RED-DEND1JM, 71, In law, the clause by which rent is re- 
served in a lease. 

REDDISH, a. Somewhat red ; moderately red. Lev. xiii. 

RED'DTSH-NESS, n. Redness in a moderate degree. 

RED-Di'TION, 71. [L. reddo.]!. A returning of any thing ; 
restitution ; surrender. 2. Explanation ; representation. 



RED'DI-TiVE, a. [L.. redditivus.] Returning; answering 
to an interrogative ; a term of grammar. Johnson. 

REDDLE, n. [from red.] Red chalk, commonly used as a 
pigment. Hill. 

t REDE, 71. [Sax. r<£d.] Counsel; advice. Shak. 

fREDE, V t. To counsel or advise. Spenser. 

RE-DEEM', V. t. [L. redimo.] 1. To purchase back ; t« 
ransom ; to liberate or rescue from captivity or bondage, 
or from any obligation or liability to suffer or to be forfeit- 
ed, by paying an equivalent. 2. To repurchase what has 
been sold ; to regain possession of a thing alienated, by 
repaying the value of it to the possessor. 3. To rescue"; 
to recover ; to deliver from. 4. To compensate ; to make 
amends for. 5. To free by making atonement. 6. To pay 
the penalty of. 7. To save. 8. To perform what I as been 
promised ; to make good by performance. — 9. In lau\ to 
recall an estate, or to obtain the right to re-enter upon a 
mortgaged estate by paying to the mortgagee his principal, 
interesi, and expenses or costs. — 10. In theology, to res- 
cue and deliver from the bondage of sin and its penalties. 
— 11. In commerce, to purchase or pay the value, in specie, 
of any promissory note, bill or other evidence of debt, 
given'by the state, by a company or coi-poration, or by an 
individual. — To redeem time, is to use more diligence in 
the iinrrovement of it. 

RE-DEEM A-BLE, a. ]. That may be redeemed ; capable 
of redemption. 2. That may be purchased or paid for in 
gold and silver, and brought into the possession of govern- 
ment or the original promiser. 

RE-DEEM' A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being redeemable 

RE-DEEM'ED, (re-deemd') pp. Ransomed ; delivered from 
bondage, distress, penalty, liability, or from the possession 
of another, by paying an equivalent. 

RE-DEEJM'ER, n. 1. One who redeems or ransoms. 2. The 
Savior of the world, Jz«>us Christ, 

RE-DEEM'ING, pjjr. Ransoming; procuring deliverance 
from captivity, capture, bondage, sin, distress or liability 
to suffer, by the payment of an equivalent. 

RE-DE-LIB'ER-ATE, v. i. [re and deliberate.] To deliber- 
ate again. 

t RE-DE-LIB'ER-ATE, v. t. To reconsider. 

RE-DE-LIV'ER, v. t. [re and deliver.] 1. To deliver back. 
Jiiiliife. 2. To deliver again ; to liberate a second time. 

RE-DE-LIV'ER-ANCE, ?;. A second deliverance. 

RE-DE-LIVERED, pp. Delivered back ; liberated again. 

RE-DE-LIV'ER-ING, ppr. Delivering back; liberating 
again. 

RE-DE-LIV'ER-Y", 71. The act of delivering back ; also, a 
second delivery or liberation. 

RE-DE-MaND', v. t. [re and demand ; Fr. redemander.] 
To demand back ; to demand again. Addison. 

RE-DE-MaND', n. A demandhig back again. 

RE-DE-MAND'A-BLE, a. That may be demanded back. 

RE-DE-MaND'ED, pp. Demanded back or again. 

RE-DE-MaXD'ING, ppr. Demanding back or again. 

RE-DE-MlSE', V. t. [re and demise.] To convey or trans- 
fer back, as an estate in fee simple, fee tail, for life or a 
term of years. _^ 

RE-DE-MlSE', n. Reconveyance ; the transfer of an estato 
back to the person who has demised it. 

RE-DE-MlS'ED, (re-de-mlzd') pp. Reconveyed, as an es- 
tate. 

RE-DE-MTS'ING, ppr. Reconvejnng. 

RE-DEMP'TION, n. [Fr. ; It. redenzione ; L. redemptio.l 
1. Repurchase of captured goods or prisoners ; the act of 
procuring the deliverance of persons or things from the 
possession and power of captors by the payment of an 
equivalent ; ransom ; release. 2. Deliverance from bond- 
age, distress, or from liability to any evil or forfeiture, 
ehher by money, labor or other means. 3. Repurchase, 
as of lands alienated. Lev. xxv. 4. The liberation of an 
estate from a mortgage ; or the purchase of the right to re- 
enter upon it by p^'ing the sum for which it was mort- 
gaged ; also, the rigiit of redeeming and re-entering. 5. 
Repurchase of notes, bills or other evidence of debt by 
paying their value in specie to their holders. — 6. In theol- 
ogy, the ransom or deliverance of sinners from the bond- 
age of sin and the penalties of God's violated law by the 
atonement of Christ. Dryden. 

RE-DEMP'TION-ER, n. One who redeems himself, or pur- 
chases his release from debt or obligation to the master of 
a ship by his services ; or one whose services are sold to 
pay the expenses of his passage to America. 

RE-DEMP'TOR-Y, a. Paid for ransom. Chapman. 

RE-DENT'ED, a. Formed like the teeth of a saw ; in- 
dented. 

RE-DE-SCEND', v.i. [re and descend.] To descend again. 

RE-DE-SCEND'ING, ppr. Descending again. 

RED'EYE, 71. A fish of a red color, the iris. 

RED'GUM, 71. A disease of new-born infants ; an eruption 
of red pimples in early infancv. Good. 

RED'-HAIRED, a. Having hair of a red or sandy color. 

RED'-HOT, n. Red with heat ; heated to redness. 

RED'I-ENT, a. [L. rediens.] Returning. E. H. Smith. 



See Snnops^j MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tto. t Obsolete. 



RED 



680 



REE 



RE-DI-6EST', v. t. To digest or reduce to foiin a second 
time. Kent. 

RE-Di-6EST'ED, yp. Digested again. 

RE-DI-6EST'ING, ppr Digesting a second time ; reducing 
a£;ain to order. 

RE-DIIN^TE-GRATE, v. t. [L. rcdrnteffro.} To make whole 
again ; tp renew ; to restore to a perfect state. 

RE-DIN'TE-GRATE, a. Renewed ; restored to wholeness 
or a perfect state. Bacon. 

RE-DIN'TE-GRA-TED,p;). Renewed restored to entireness. 

RE-DIN TE-GRA-TIIVG, ppr. Restoring to a perfect stale, 

RE-DIN-TE-GRa'TION, ?i. 1. Renovation; restoration to 
a whole or sound state. — 2. In chemistry, the restoration 
of anj' mixed body or matter to its former nature and con- 
stitution. 

RE-DIS-BCTRSE', (re-dis-hurs) v. t. [re and disburse.] To 
repay or refund. Spenser. 

EE-DIS-PoSE', v. t. [re and dispose.l To dispose or adjust 
again. Baxter. 

RE-DIS-PoS'ED, (re-dis-pozd') pp. Disposed anew. 

EE-DIS-FoSliSG, ppr. Disposing or adjusting anew. 

RE-DIS-SkI'ZIIV, n. [re and disseizin.'] In law, a tcrit cf 
redisseizin is a writ to recover seizin of lands or tene- 
ments against a redisseizor. 

RE-DIS-SkLZOR, 71. [re and disseizor.] A person who dis- 
seizes lands or tenements a second time, or after a recov- 
ery of the same from him in an action of novel disseizin. 

RE-DIS-SOLVE', (re-diz-zolv') v. t. [re and dissolve.] To 
dissolve again. 

EE-DIS-SOLV ED, (re-diz-zolvd') pp. Dissolved a second 
time. 

RE-DIS-SOLVIXG, ppr. Dissolving again. 

RE-DIS-TRIB'UTE^ v. t. [re and distribute.] To distribute 
again; to deal back again. Cotgrave. 

RE-DIS-TRIB'U-TED, pp. Distributed again or back. 

RE-DIS-TRIB U-TING, ppr. Distributing again or back. 

RE-DIS-TRI-BU'TION , n. A dealing back, or a second dis- 
tribution. 

RED'-LEAD, (red'-led) n. [red and lead.] Minium, or red 
oxyd of lead. 

RED'LY, ado. With redness. Cotgrave. 

RED'NESS, 71. [Sax. readness^.] The quality of being red ; 
red color. Spectator. 

RED'0-LEN4^^ i '^' ^^^'^^ redolent.] Sweet scent. Boyle. 

RED'0-LENT, a. [L. redolens.] Having or diffusing a 
sweet scent. Sandys. 

RE-D6UB'LE, (re-dub'l) v. t. [re and double.] 1. To repeat 
in return. 2. To repeat often. 3. To increase by repeat- 
ed or continued additions. 

RE-D61JB'LE, (re-dub'l) v. i. To become twice as much. 

RE-D6UB'LED, (re-dub'ld) pp. Repeated in return ; repeat- 
ed over and over ; increased by repeated or continued ad- 
ditions. 

RE-D6UB'LING, (re-dub'ling) ppr. Repeating in return ; 
repeating again and again ; increasing by repeated or 
continued additions. 

RE-DOUBT', I ,^ , „.,< { n. [It. ridotto ; Sp. redticto ; Fr. 

RE-DOUT', i ^re-uoui; ^ redoute.] In fortification, an 
outwork ; a small, square fort without any defense, ex- 
cept in front ; used in trenches, lines of circumvallation, 
contravallation and approach, to defend passages, &c. 

RE-DOUBT' A-BLE, ) a. [Fr.] Formidable ; that is to be 

RE-DOUT'A-BLE, ) dreaded ; terrible to foes. Hence, 
the implied sense is valiant. 

tEE-DOUBTED, G. Formidable. Svenser. 

RE-DOUXD', V. i. [It. ridondare ; L. redundo.] 1. To be 
sent, rolled or driven back. 2. To conduce in the conse- 
quence ; to contribute ; to result. 3. To proceed in the 
consequence or eti'ect ; to result. 

RE-DOUND'ING, ppr. Conducing ; contributing ; resulting. 

RED'POLE, 71. A bird with a red head or poll, of the genus 
fringilla. 

EE-DRaFT', v. t. [re and draft.] To draw or draft anew. 

RE-DRAFT', n. 1. A second draft or copy.— 2. In the 
French commercial code, a new bill of exchange. V/alsh. 

RE-DRaFT'ED,pp. Drafted again ; transcribed into a new 
copy. 

EE-I)"RAFT'ING, ppr. Redrawing ; drafting or transcribing 
again 

RE-DRAW, V. t. [re and draw.] 1. To draw again. — In 
commerce, to draw a new bill of exchange. Walsh. 2. To 
draw a second draft or copy 

RE-DRESS', V. t. [Fr. redresser.] 1. To set right; to 
amend. 2. To remedy ; to repair ; to relieve from, and 
sometimes to indemnify for. 3. To ease ; to relieve. 

RE-DRESS', n. 1. Reformation ; amendment. 2. Relief; 
remedy ; deliverance from wrong, injury or oppression. 
3. Reparation ; indemnification. 4. One who gives re- 
lief. Dryden. 

RE-DRES^ED, (re-dresf) pp. Remedied ; set right ; re- 
lieved ; indemnified. 

RE-DRESS'BR, n. One who gives redress. 

BE-DRESSONGjPiw. Setting right ; relievii:g ; indemnifj'ing. 



EE-DRESS'IVE, a. Affording reUef. Thomson. 
RE-DEESS'LESS, a. Without amendment ; without relief. 

Shericood. 

EED-SkAR', v. i. [red and sear.] To break or crack when 
too hot, as iron under the hammer ; a term, of workmen. 

RED'SHANK, 7^. 1. A bird of the genus scolopax. 2. A 
contemptuous appellation foi- bare-legged persons. Spenser 

RED'SHORT, a. [red and short.] Brittle, or breaking short 
when red-hot, as a metal ; a term of workmen. 

EED'STAET, or EED'TaIL, n. [red and start ; Sax. steort.j 
A bird of the genus motacilla. 

EED'STEkAK, n. [red and streak.] 1. A sort of apple. 
Mortimer. 2. Cider pressed from the red-streak apples. 

RE-DuCE', v. t. [L. redtico ; Fr. reduire ; it. riducere.] 1 
Literally, to hvmg hack; [obs.] 2. To bring to a former 
state. 3. To bring to any state or condition, good or bad 
4. To diminisli in length, breadth, thickness, size, quan 
tity or value. 5. To lower ; to degrade ; to impair in dig- 
nity or excellence, (i. To subdue ; to bring into subjec 
tion. 7. To reclaim to order. Milton. S. To bring, as 
into a class, order, genus or species ; to bring under rules 
or within certain limits of description. — 9. In arithmetic, 
to change numbers from one denomination into another, 
without altering their value. — 10. In algebra, to reduce 
eqiuUions, is lo clear them of all superfluous quantities, 
bring them to their lowest terms, and separate the known 
from the unknown, till at length the unknown quantity 
only is found on one side and the known ones on the 
other. — il. m metaUargy, to bring back metallic sub- 
stances which have been divested of their form, into their 
original state of metals. — 12. In surgery, to restore to its 
proper place or state a dislocated or fractured bone. — To 
reduce a figure, design or draught, to make a copy of it 
larger or smaller than the original. 

RE-DU'CED, (re-dust) pp. Brought back ; brought to a 
former state ; brought into any state or condition ; dimin- 
ished ; subdued ; ininoverished. 

EE-DtCEMENT, 71. The act of bringing back ; the act of 
diminishing ; the act of subduing ; reduction. 

RE-DU'CER, n. One that reduces, Sidney. 

RE-DU'CI-BLE, a. That mav be reduced. Dryden. 

RE-Du'CI-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being reducible. 

RE-DU'CING, ppr. Bringing back; bringing to a former 
state, or to a different slate or form ; diminishing ; subdu- 
ing ; impoverishing. 

tRE-DU€T', V. t. [L. reductus.] To reduce. TVarde. 

RE-DUCT', n. In building, a little place taken out of a 
larger to make it more regular and uniform, or for some 
other convenience. 

RE-DUCTION, 7). [Fr, ; h. reductio.] 1. The act of re- 
ducing, or state of being reduced. 2. Diminution, 3. 
Conquest ; subjugation. — 4. In arithmetic, the bringing of 
numbers of different denominations into one denomina- 
tion. — 5. In aZ^cira, reduction of equations ; see Reduce, 
No. 10, , 

RE-DUC'TIVE, a. [Fr, rcductif.] Having the power of re- 
ducing. Brevint. 

EE-DUC'TIVE, 7?. That which has the power of reducing. 

EE-DUC'TIVE-LY, adv. By reduction; by consequence. 

EE-DUND'ANCE, ; n. [L. redundantia.] 1. Excess or su- 

EE-DUND'AK-CY, ^ perfluous quantity ; superfluity ; su- 
perabundance. — 2, In rfi5cow5e, superfluity of words. 

EE-DUND'ANT, a. 1. Superfluous ; exceeding what is 
natural or necessarj' ; superabundant ; exuberant. 2. 
Using more words or images than are necessary or useful. 
— 3. In music, a redundant chord is one which contains a 
greater number of tones, semitones or lesser intervals, 
than it does in its natural state, as from /a to sol sharp. 

EE-DUND'ANT-LY, fldu. With superfluity or excess; su- 
perfluously ; superabundantly. 

EE-DI7TL[-CATE, v. t. [L. reduplico.'] To double. 

EE-Du'PLI-€ATE, a. Double, 

RE-DU-PLr-€A'TI0N, 7!. The act of doubling, Digby. 

RE-DtJ'PLI-CA-TlVE, a. Double. Watts. 

EED'WING, n. A bird of the genus turdus. 

REE, or RE, n. A small Portuguese coin or money of ac 
count, value about one mill and a fourth. 

REE, V. t. To riddle ; to sift ; that is, to separate or throw 
off. [J^ot in use, or local.] Mortimer. 

EE-ECI-I'O, V. t. [re and echo.] To echo back ; to reverbe- 
rate again. 

EE-E€H'0, V. i. To echo back ; to retui-n back or be rever- 
berated ; as an echo. Pope. 

EE-EeH'0,7(. The echo of an echo. 

RE-E€H'OED, pp. Returned, as sound ; reverberated again 

RE-ECK'0-ING, p2)r. Returning or reverberating an echo 

REECH'Y, a. [a mis-spelling of reeky.] Tarnished with 
smoke ; sooty ; foul ; as a reechy neck. Shak. 

REED, 7(. [Sax. Jircod, reod ; G. rieth.] 1. The common 
name of many aquatic plants. 2. A musical pipe ; reeds 
being anciently xised for instruments of music. 3. A little 
tube through which a hautboy, bassoon or clarinet is 
blown. 4. An arrow, as made of a reed headed. f» 
Thatch. West of England. 



* See Synopsis. A,E , I, O, U, I? long.—FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— t Obsolete 



REE 



681 



REF 



REED'ED, a. 1. Covered with reeds. Tusser. 2. Formed 
with channels and ridges like reeds. 

REiJD EiV, (ree'dn) a. Consisting of a reed or reeds. Dryden. 

i^JIE C'G E,.S.t5S,_?!. A plant, bur-reed, of the genus s;?aro-anm»«. 

HE-ED-I-F1-€a'TION, 71. [from re-edify.] Act or operation 
of rebuilding; state of being rebuilt. D'Anville, Trans. 

RE-ED'I-FrED,i?2). Rebuilt. 

IIE-ED'I-FY, V. t.. [Fr. reMifier.] To rebuild ; to build 
again after destruction. Milton. 

RE-ED'I-PY-ING,;7^r. Rebuilding. 

REED'LESS, a. Destitute of reeds. May. 

REED'MACE, n. A plant of the genus typha. Lee. 

KEED'Y, a. Abounding with reeds. Thomson. 

EEEF, ?i. [D. reef; Dan. riv, or rift ; Sw. ref.] A certain 
portion of a sail, between the top or bottom and a row of 
eyelet holes, which is folded or rolled up to contract the 
sail, when the violence of the wind renders it necessary. 

REEF, n. [G. riff; D. rif] A chain or range of rocks lying 
at or near the surface of the water. Mar. Diet. 

liEEF, 5K A cutaneous eruption ; a rash. Grose. 

REEF, V. t. To contract or reduce the extent of a sail by 
rolling or folding a certain portion of it and making it fast 
to the yard. 

R-EEF'BAND, n. A piece of canvas sewed across a sail, to 
strengthen it in the part where the eyelet holes are formed. 

REEFED (reeft) pp. Having a portion of the top oi tottom 
folded and made fast to the yard. 

REEFING, ppr. Folding and making fast to the yard, as a 
portion of a sail. 

REEF'-LlNE, n. A small rope formerly used to reef the 
courses by being passed through the holes of the reef spirally. 

REEF'Y, a. Scabby. Grose. 

REEF'-TAC-KLE, n. A tackle upon deck, communicating 
with its pendant, and passing through a block at the top- 
mast-head- and through a hole in the top-sail-yard-arm, is 
attached to a cringle below the lowest reef. 

REEK, n. [Sax. rec] 1. Vapor ; steam. 2. A rick. 

REEK, V, i. [Sax. recan, reocan ; D. rooken.l To steam ; to 
exhale ; to emit vapor. Milton. 

REEK^'TNG, ppr. Steaming; emitting vapor. 

REEK'Y, a. Smoky ; soiled with smoke or steam ; foul. 

REEL, n. [Sax. hreol, reol.] 1. A frame or machine turn- 
ing on an axis, and on which yara is extended for winding, 
either into skains, or from skains on to spools and quills. 
2. A kind of dance. 

REEL, V. t. To gather yam from the spindle. Wilkins. 

REEL, V. i. [Sw. ragla.l To stagger ; to incline or move in 
walking, first to one side and then to the other ; to vacillate. 

RE-E-LECT', V. t. [re and elect.] To elect again. 

RE-E-LE€T'ED, pp. Elected again ; rechosen. 

RE-E-LE€T'ING, jjpr. Electing again. 

RE-E-LEC TION, n. Election a second time, or repeated 
election. Swift. 

RE-EL- I-GI-BIL'I-TY, n. The capacity of being re-elected 
to the same office. 

RE-EL^-GI-BLE, a. [re and eligible.] Capable of being 
elected again to the same office. 

RE-EM-BaRK', v. t. [re and embark.] To embark or put 
on board again. 

RE-EM-BaRK', v. i. To embark or go on board again. 

RE-EM-BAR-Ka'TION, n. A putting on board or a going 
on board again. 

RE-EM-BAT'TLE, v. t. [re and embattle.] To array again 
for battle ; to arrange again in the order of battle. 

RE-EM-BAT'TLED, pp. Arrayed again for battle. 

RE-EM BAT'TLING, ppr. Arranging again in battle array. 

RE-EM-BOD' Y, v. t. [re and embody.] To embody again. 

RE-EN- ACT', V. t. [re and enact.] "To enact again. 

RE-EN-ACT'ED, pp. Enacted again. 

RE-EN-ACT'ING, ppr. Enacting anew ; passing again into 
a law. 

RE-EN- ACTION, «. The passing into a law again. 

RE~EN-ACT'MENT, n. The enacting or passing of a law 
a secondjime ; the renewal of a law. Key. 

RE-EN-FoRCE', v. t. [re and enforce.] To strengthen with 
new force, assistance or support. 

RE-EN-FOR'CED, (re-en-forsf) pp. Strengthened by addi- 
tional force, troops or ships. 

RE-EN-FoRCE'MENT, m, L The act of re-enforcing. 2. 
Additional force; fresh assistance; particularly, a.Mi- 
tional troops or force to augment the strength of an army 
or of ships. 3. Any augmentation of strength or force by 
somethirig added. 

RE-EN-FoR'CING, ppr. Strengthening by additional force. 

RE-EN-G aGE', v. t. To engage a second time. 

RE-EN-GaGE , V. i. To engage again ; to inlist a second 
time ; to covenant again. Mitford. 

RE-EN-JOY', V. t. [re and enjoy.] To enjoy anew, or a 
second time. Pope. 

RE-EN-JOY'ED, (re-en-joyd') pp. Enjoyed again. 

RE-EN-JOY'ING, ppr. Enjoying anew. 

RE-EN- JOY'MENT, n. A second or repeated enjoyment. 

RE-EN-KIN'DLE, v. t. [re and enkindle.] To enkindle 
again ; to rekindle. Taylor. 



RE-EN-KIN'DLED, pp. Enkindled agartr 

RE-EN-KIN'DLING, ppr. Enkindling anew. 

RE-EN-LIST', t). t. To enlist a second time. SeeRB-iNLisr 

RE-EN'TER, v. t. [re and enter.] To enter again or anew 

RE-EN'TER, v. i. To enter anew. 

RE-EN'TERED, pp Entered again. 

RE-EN 'TER-ING, ppr. 1. Entering anew. 2. Entering hi 
return. 

RE-EN-THRoNE', v. t. [re and enthrone.] To enthrone 
again ; to replace on a throne. Southern. 

RE-EN-THRoN'ED, (re-en-thrond') pp. Raised again to a 
throne. 

RE-EN-THRoN'ING, ppr. Replacing on a throne. 

RE-EN'TRANCE, n. [re and entrance.] The act of enter- 
ing again. Hooker. 

REER'SlOUSE, 71. [Sax. hreremns.] A rear-mouse ; a bat 

RE-E-STAB'LISH, v. t. [re and establish.] To establish 
anew ; to fix or confirm again. 

RE-E-STAB'LISHED, pp. Established or confirmed again 

RE-E-STAB'LISH-ER, n. One who establishes again. 

RE-E-STAB'LISH-ING, ppr. Establishing anew ; confirm- 
ing again. 

RE-E-STAB'LTSH-MENT, n. The act of establishing again ; 
the state of being re-established ; renewed confirmation ; 
restoration. 

t RE-E-STaTE', v. t. [re and estate.] To re-establish. 

t REEVE, n [Sax. gerefa ; G. graf.] A steward. Dryden. 

REEVE, n. A bird, the female of the rufi". 

REEVE, V. t. In seamen's language, to pass the end of a 
rope through any hole in a block, thimble, cleat, ring-bolt, 
cringle, &c. 

REEVE, V. t. To talk inconsistently. Craven dialect. 

RE-EX-AM-I-Na'TION, n. A renewed or repeated exam- 
ination. 

RE-EX-AM'iNE, v. t. [re and examine.] To examine anew. 

RE-EX-AM'iNED, pp. Examined again. 

RE-EX-AM'IN-ING,ppr. Examining anew. 

RE-EX-CHaNGE', 71. [re and exchang"] i. A renewed 
exchange. — 2. In comrnerce, the exchange chargeable on 
the redraft of a bill of exchange. 

RE-EX-PoRT', V. t. [re and export.] To export again ; tc 
export what has been imported. 

RE-EX'PoRT, n. Any commodity re-exported. 

RE-EX-POR-Ta'TION, 71. The act of exporting what has 
been imported. 

RE-EX-PoRT'ED, pp. Exported after being imported, 

RE-EX-PoRT'ING, ppr. Exporting what has been im- 
ported. 

t RE-FECT'. V. t. [L. refectus, reficio.] To refresh ; to re- 
store after hunger or fatigue. Brown. 

RE-FEC'TION, 71. [Fr. ; h.refectio.] J. Refreshment after 
hunger or fatigue. 2. A spare meal or repast. 

RE-FECT'IVE, a. Refreshing ; restoring. 

RE-FECT'IVE, n. That which refreshes. 

* RE-FE€T'0-RY, n. [Fr. refectoire.] A room o^ refresh- 
ment ; properly, a hall or apartment in convents and 
monasteries, where a moderate repast is taken. 

RE-FEL', V. t. [L. refello.] To refute; to disprove ; to re- 
press. [Little iised.] Shak. 

RE-FER', V. t. [L. refero ; Fr. referrer.] 1. To direct, 
leave or deliver over to another person or tribunal for in- 
formation or decision. 2. To reduce, as to the ultimate 
end. 3. To reduce ; to assign ; as to an order, genus or 
class. 

RE-FER', v.r. 1. To respect ; to have relation. 2, To ap- 
peal ; to have recourse ; to apply. 3. To allude ; to have 
respect to by intimation without naming. 

REF'ER-A-BLE, a. J. That may be referred ; capable ol 
being considered in relation to something else. 2. That 
may be assigned ; that may be considered as belonging to 
or related to. 

REF-ER-EE', n. One to whom a thing is referred ; partic- 
ularly, a person appointed by a court to hear, examine 
and decide a cause between parties, pending before the 
court, and make report to the court. — In JVew England, 
a referee differs from an arbitrator, in being appointed by 
the court to decide in a cause which is depending before 
that court. An arbitrator is chosen by parties to decide a 
cause between theta. 

REF'ER-ENCE, n. 1. A sending, dismission or direction to 
another for information. 2. Relation ; respect ; view to- 
wards. 3. Allusion to. — 4. In Zaw, the process of assign- 
ing a cause depending in court, for a hearing and decision, 
to persons appointed by the court. 

REF-ER-END'A-RY, n. I. One to whose decision a cause 
is referred ; [obs.] 2. An officer who delivered the royal 
answer to petitions. 

t RE-FER'MENT, 71. Reference for decision. Laud. 

RE-FER-MENT',iJ.t. [re and ferment.] To ferment again. 

RE-FER'RED, (re-ferd') pp. Dismissed or directed to an- 
other ; assigned, as to a class, order or cause ; assigned 
by a court to persons appointed to decide. 

RE-FER'RI-BLE, a. That may be referred ; referable. 

RE-FER'RING, ppr. Dismissing or directing to another for 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



REF 



682 



KEF 



information ; alluding ; assigning, as to a class, order, 
cause, &c. ; or assigning to private persons for decision. 

tiE-FlNDi, V. t. [re and find.] To find again; to experi- 
ence anew. Sandys. 

RE-FlNE', V. t. [Fr. rajjiner ; It. raffinare ; Sp., Port, refi- 
nar.] 1. To purify, in a general sense ; applied to liquors, 
to depurate ; to defecate ; to clarify ; to separate, as liquor, 
from all extraneous matter. — 9. Applied to metals, to sep- 
arate the metallic substance from all other matter. 3. To 
purify, as manners, from what is gross, clownish or vul- 
gar ; to polish ; to make elegant. 4. To purify, as lan- 
guage, by removing vulgar words and barbarisms. 5. To 
purify, as taste ; to give a^ice and delicate perception of 
beauty and propriety in literature and the arts. 6. To 
purify, as the mind or moral principles. 

RE-FlNE', V. i. 1. To improve in accuracy, delicacy, or in 
any thing that constitutes excellence. 2. To become 
pure ; to be cleared of feculent matter. 3. To affect nicety. 

RE-FiX'ED, (re-find') pp. Purified ; separated from extra- 
neous matter ; assayed, as metals; clarified, as liquors; 
polished ; separated from what is coarse, rude or im- 
proper. 

RE-FiN'ED-LY, adv. With affected nicety or elegance. 

RE-FiN'ED-NESS, n. State of being refined ; purity ; re- 
finement ; also, affected purity. 

RE-FINE'MENT, ?i. 1. The act of purifying by separating 
from a substance all extraneous matter ; acleEhing from 
dross, dregs or recrement. 2. The state of being pure. 3. 
Polish of language ; elegance; purity. 4. Polish of man- 
ners ; elegance ; nice observance of the civilities of social 
intercourse and of graceful decorum. 5. Purity of taste ; 
nice perception of beauty and propriety in literature and 
the arts. 6. Purity of mind and morals ; nice perception 
and observance of rectitude in moral principles and prac- 
tice. 7. Purity of heart ; the state of the Iieart purified 
from sensual and evil affections. 8. Artificial practice ; 
subtilty. 9. Affectation of nicety, or of elegant improve- 
ment. 

RE-FlN'ER, 71 X. One that refines metals or other things. 

2. An improver in purity and elegance. 3. An inventor 
of superfluous subtilties ; one who is over nice in discrim- 
inatjon, in argument, reasoning, philosophy, &c. 

RE-FlN'ER-Y, 7i. The place and apparatus for refining 
metals. 

RE-FlN'ING, ppr. Purifying ; separating from alloy or any 
extraneous matter ; polishing ; improving in accuracy, 
delicacy or purity. 

RE-FIT', V. t. [re anA fit.] To fit or prepare again ; to re- 
pair ; to restore after damage or decay. 

RE-FIT'TED, pp. Prepared again ; repaired. 

RE-FIT'TING, ppr. Repairing after damage or decay. 

RE-FLE€T', 7). t. [1,. rcflecto ; Fi: reflechir; It riflettere.] 
To throw back ; to return. 

RE-FLE€T', v. i. 1. To tjircw back light; to return rays 
or beams. 2. To bend back. 3. To throw or turn back 
the thoughts upon the past operations of the mind or upon 
past events. 4. To consider attentively ; to revolve in 
the mind; to contemplate. 5. To bring reproach.— To 
reflect on, to cast censure or reproach. Sicift. 

RE-FLE€T'ED, pp. Thrown back ; returned. 

RE-FLE€T'ENT, a. Bending or flying back. Diffby. 

RE-FLEeT'J-BLE, a. That may be reflected or thrown 
back. Gregory. 

RE-FLE€T'I.\G, ppr. 1. Throwing back. 2. Turning 
back, as thoughts upon themselves or upon past events. — 

3. Refiectinrr on, casting censure or reproach. 
RE-FLEGT'ING-LY, adc. With reflection ; with censure. 
RE-FLE€'TION, 7i. [from reflect.] 1. The act of throwing 

back. 2. The act of bending back. 3. That wliich is 
reflected. 4. The operation of the mind by which it turns 
its views back upon itself and its operations. 5. "J'hought 
thrown back on itself, on the past or on the absent. 6. 
The expression of thought. 7. Attentive consideration ; 
meditation ; contemplation. 8. Censure ; reproach cast. 

RE-FLEGT'IVE, a. 1. Throwing back images. 2. Con- 
sidering the operations of the mind or things past. Prio<'. 

RE-FLEfeT'OR, n. 1. One who reflects or considers. Boyl'.. 
9. That which reflects. 

PvK'FLEX, a. ['L.reflexus.] 1. Directed back. 2. Designa- 
ting the parts of a painting illuminated by light reflected 
from another part of the same picture. — 3. In botany, bent 
back ; reflected. 

tKE-FIiEX',?(. Reflection. Hooker. 

RE-FLEX', V. t. 1. To reflect. Shak. 2. To bend back ; 
to turn back ; [little used. ] Gregory. 

RE-FLEX-I-BIL'I-TY, n. Thequality of being reflexibleor 
capable of beins reflected. J^ewton. 

RE-FLEX'I-BLE, a. Capable of being reflected or thrown 
back. Cheyne. 

RE-FLEX'ION. See Reflection. 

RE-FLEX'I-TY, n. Capacity of being reflected. 

ItE-FLEX'IVE, a. Having respect to something past. 

RE-FLEX'IVE-LY, adv. In a direction backward. Gov. of 
the Tongue. 



Re'FLoAT, n. [re and float.] Reflux ; ebb ; a flowing 

back. [Little used.] Bacon. 

RE-FLO-RES'CENC£, n. [re and florescence.] A blossom- 
ing anew. 

RE-FL6UR'ISH, (re-fiur'ish) v. i. [re and flourish.] To 
flourish anew. Milton. 

RE-FLOUR'ISH-ING, p;jr. Flourishing again. 

RE-FLoW, V. i. [re and flow.] To flow back ; to ebb. 

RE-FLoW'ING, ppr. Flowing back ; ebbing. Varwin 

RE-FLU€T-U-A'TIUN, n. A flowing back. 

R PF'T TT-FMPF ) 

REF'LU-EN-CY ( "* ^ flowing back. Mountagu. 

REF'LU-ENT, a. [L. refluens.] 1. Flowing back ; ebbing 
2. Flowing back ; returning. 

RE'FLUX, n. [Fr. ; L. refluxus.] A flowing back ; the 
returning of a fluid. £ro7cm. 

RE-Fo'CIL-LATE, v. t. [It. refocillare ; Sp. refocilar ,• L 
refocillo.] To refresh ; to revive ; to give new vigor to. 
[Little used.] 

RE-FO-CIL-La'TION, n. The act of refreshing or giving 
new vigor; restoration of strength by refreshment. [L. u.] 

RE-FO-MENT', t;. t. [re and foment.] 1. To foment anew; 
to warm or cherish again. 2. To excite anew. 

RE-FO-MENT'ED, pp. Fomented or incited anew. 

RE-FO-MENT'ING, ppr. Fomenting anew ; exciting again. 

RE-FORM', V. t. [Fr. reformer ; L. reformo.] 1. To change 
from worse to better ; to amend ; to correct ; to restore to 
a former good state, or to bring from a bad to a good state 
2. To change from bad to good ; to remove that which is 
bad or corrupt. 

RE-FORM', v.i. To abandon that which is evil or corrupt^ 
and return to a good state ; to be amended or corrected. 

Re'-FORM, v.t. [re and/or7?t.] To form again; to create 
or shape anew. 

RE-FORM', n. Reformation ; amendment of what is defect- 
ive, vicious, corrupt or depraved. 

REF-OR-Ma'DO, n. [Sp.] 1. A monk adhering to the ref- 
ormation of his order. Weever. 2. An ofiicer retained iji 
his regiment when his company is disbanded. 

fP-E-FORM'AL-lZE, vA. To affect reformation; to pre- 
tend to correctness. Lee, 

REF-0R-Ma'TI0N,7!. 1. The act of reforming; correction 
or amendment of life, manners, or of any thing vicious or 
Corrupt. Dryden. — 2. By way of eminence, the change of 
religion from the corruptions of popery to its primitive pu- 
rity, begun by Luther, A. D. ]517. 

Re-FOR-Ma'TION, Ti. The act of forming anew ; a second 
forming in order. Mitford. 

RE-FORM' A-TO-RY, a. Producing reformation. 

RE-FORjM'ED, (re-formd') pp. Restored to a good state. 

Re'-FORMED, pp. Formed anew. 

RE-FOR]\PER, n. 1. One who effects a reformation ot 
amendment. 2. One of those who commenced the refor- 
mation of religion. 

RE-FORM'ING, ppr. Correcting what is wrong; amend- 
ing ; restoring to a good state. 

Re'-FORM-IXG, ppr. Forming anew. 

RE-FORM'IST, 71. 1. One who is of the reformed religion. 
2. One who proposes or favors a reform. 

RE-FOR-TI-FI-€a'TION, n. A fortifying a second time. 

RE-FOR'TLFy, v. t. [re and fortify.] To fortify anew. 

RE-FOS'SION, 71. The act of digging up. Bp. Hall. 

RE-FOUND', V. t. [re and foxind.] To found or cast anew. 

RE-FRACT', V. t. [L. refractus.} To break the natural 
course of the rays of light ; to cause to deviate from a di- 
rect course. 

RE-FRA€-Ta'RI-AS, n. A mineral. 

RE-FRA€T'ED, pp. 1. Turned from a direct course, as 
rays of light. — 2. a. In botany, bent back at an acute 
angle. 

RE-FRA€T'ING, ppr. 1. Turning from a direct course. 2. 
a. That turns rays from a direct course. 

RE-FRA€'TIOXT, n. The deviation of a moving body, 
chiefly rays of light, from a direct course. 

RE-FRACT'I VE, a. That refracts or has power to refract or 
turn from a direct course. 

RE-FRA€T'0-RI-XESS, n. [from refractory.] Perverse ov 
sullen obstinacv in opposition or" disobedience. 

RE-FRA€T'0-RY, a. [Fr. rcfractaire ; 1,. refractarius.] 1. 
Sullen or perverse in opposition or disobedience ; obstin- 
ate in non-compliance. 2. Unmanageable ; obstinately 
unyielding. — 3. Applied to metals, difficult of fusion ; nc* 
easily yielding to the force of heat. 

RE-FRA€T'0-RY, n. LA person obstinate in opposition 
or disobedience. 2. Obstinate opposition ; [obs.] 

*RE-FRa'GA-BLE, or REF'RA-GA-BLE, a. [L. refra- 
gor.] That may be refuted, that is, broken. 

RE-FRaIN', v. t. [Fr. rcfrener ; It. rinfrenare ; L. re/r<E7io.] 
To hojd back ; to restrain ; to keep from action. 

RE-FRaIN', v. i. To forbear ; to abstain ; to keep one's 
self from action or interference. 

RE-FRAIN', 71. [Fr. refrein.] The burden of a song ; a 
kind of musical repetition. Mason. 

RE-FRa1N'ED, (re-fraini') pp. Held oack ; restrained. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, "?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHi^T ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARiNE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete 



REF 



G83 



RE(i 



RE-FRAlN'ING,ppr. Holding back; forbearing. 

RE-FRaAIE', v.t. [re and frame.] To frame again. 

RE-FRA^-Oi-BIL'1-TY, /;. The disposition of rays of light 
to be refracted or turned out of a direcc course, in passing 
out of one transparent body or medium into another. 

RE-FRAN'GI-BLE, a. [1.. re and frango.] Capable of being 
refracted or turned out of a direct course in passing from 
one medium to another : as rays of light. 

REF-RE-Na'TION, 11. The act of restraining. 

RE-FRESH', v.t. [Fr. rafraichir ; It. rinfrescare ; Sp., 
Port, refrescar.] 1. To cool ; to allay heat. 2. To give 
new strength to ; to invigorate ; to relieve after fatigue. 
3. To revive ; to reanimate after depression ; to cheer ; to 
enliven. 4. To improve by new touches anything im- 
paired. 5. To revive what is drooping. 

t RE-FRESH', n. Act of refreshing. Daniel. 

RE-FRESH'ED, (re-freshf) pp. Cooled ; invigorated ; re- 
vived ; clreered. 

RE-FRESH'ER, n. He or that which refreshes, revives or 
invigorates. Thomson. 

RE-FRESH'ING, ppr. or a. Cooling ; invigorating ; reviv- 
ing ; reanimating. 

RE-FRESH'ING, n. Refreshment ; relief after fatigue or 
suffering. Mortimer. 

RE-FRESH'MENT, n. 1. Act of refreshing .; or new strengtli 
or vigor received after fatigue ; relief after sufferinf 2. 
New life or animation after depression. 3. That v^iiich 
gives fresh strength or vigor, as food or rest. 

RE-FRET', n. The burden of a song. Diet. 

RE-FRIG'ER-ANT, a. Cooling ; allaying heat. 

RE-FRIG'ER-ANT, n. Among physicians, amedicme which 
abates heat and refreshes the patient. 

RE-FRI6'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. refrigero.'] To cool ; to allay 
the heat of; to refresh. Bacon. 

RE-FRIG'ER-A-TED. pp. Cooled. 

RE-FRIG ER-A-TING, ppr. Allaying heat ; cooling. 

RE-FRIG-ER-A'TION, ?i. The act of cooling; the abate- 
ment of heat ; state of being cooled. Bacon. 

RE-FRIG'ER-A-TlVE, a. Cooling. 

B,E-FRlG'ER-A-TiVE, n. A remedy that allays heat. 

RE-FRIG'ER-A-TO-RY, a. Cooling ; mitigating heat. 

RE-FRIG»ER-A-T0-RY, n. 1. In distillation, a vessel filled 
with cold water, through which the worm passes ; by 
which means the vapors are condensed as they pass 
through the worm. 2. Any thing internally cooling. 

t REF-RI-GE'RI-UM, n. [j..] Cooling refreshment ; refrig- 
eration. South. 

fREFT, pp. of reave. 1. Deprived ; bereft. Shak. 2. pret. 

■ of reave. Taken away. Spenser. 

REFT, n. A cnink. See Rift. 

REF'UGE, n. [Fr. ; L. refugium, rcfugio.] 1. Shelter or 
protection from danger or distress. 2. That which shel- 
ters or protects from danger, distress or calamity ; a strong 
hold ; any place inaccessible to an enemy. 3. An expe- 
dient to secure protection or defense. 4. Expedient, in 
general. 

REF'UGE, V. t. To shelter; to protect. 

t REF UGE, V. i. To take refuge. Sir J. Finett. 

REF-U-GEE', n. [Fr. refiigie.] 1. One who flies to a 
shelter or place of safety. Drijden. 2. One who, in times 
of persecution or political commotion, flees to a foreign 
country for safety. 

RE-FUL'GENCE, ) n. [L. refaltrens.] A flood of light ; 

RE-FTJL'GEN-CY, \ splendor. 

RE-FUL'GENT, a. Casting a bright light ; shining ; splen- 
did. 

SE-FUL'6ENT-LY, adv. With a flood of light ; with great 
brightness. 

RE-FUND', V. t. [L. refundo.] 1. To pour back. 2. To 
repay ; to return in payment or compensation for what 
has been taken ; to restore. 

JRE-FUND'ED, ;)p. Poured back ; repaid. 

RE-FUND'ER, ?j. One who repays what is received. 

RE-FUND'ING, ppr. Pouring back ; returning by payment 
or compensation. 

RE-Fu'SA-BLE, a. That mav be refused. 

RE-Fu'SAL, n. 1. The act of refusing; denial of anything 
uemanded, solicited or offered for acceptance. 2. The 
light of taking in preference to others ; the choice of tak- 
ing or refusing ; option ; pre-emption. 

RE-FUSE', V. t. [Fr. refuser; Port, refusar.] 1. To 
deny a request, demand, invitation or command ; to de- 
cline to do or grant what is solicited, claimed or command- 
ed. 2. Todfcline to accept what is ofi'ered. 3. To re- 
ject ._ 

RE-FuSE', V. i. To decline to accept ; not to comply. 

* REF'USE, a. [Fr. refits.] Literally, refused ; rejected ; 
hence, worthless ; of no value ; left as unworthy of recep- 
tion. 

* REF'USE, n. That which is refused or rejected as useless ; 

waste matter. Addison. 

tRE-FtJSE', 71. Refusal. Fairfax. 

RE-FtJS'ED, (re-fuzd') pp. Denied ; rejected ; not ac- 
cepted. 



RE-FUS'ER, n. One that refuses or rejects. Taylor 

RE-FuSTNG, ppr. Denying declining to accept; reject- 
ing. 

RE-FD'TA-BLE, a. That may be refuted or dispnved , 
that may be proved false or erroneous. 

fRE-Fu'TAL, 7?. Refutation. 

REF-U-Ta'TION, 71. [L. refutatio.] The act or process of 
refuting or disproving ; the act of provijig to be false or er- 
roneous. 

RE-FuTE', v. t. [Fr. refuter ; L. refute.] To disprove and 
overthrow by argument, evidence or countervailing proof ; 
to prove to be false or erroneous ; to confute. 

RE-FuT'ED, pp. Disproved ; proved to be false or errone 
ous. 

RE-FuT'ER, n. One that refutes. 

RE-FuT'ING, ppr. Proving to be false or enoneous ; con 
futing. 

RE-GaIN', v. t. \re and gain ; Fr. regagner.] To gain 
anew ; to recover what has escaped or been lost. 

RE-GaIN'ED, (re-giind') pp. Recovered ; gained anew. 

RE-GaIN'ING, ppr. Gaining anew ; recovering. 

Re'GAL, a. \Yx. -,1^. regaliSi] Pertaining to a king ; king- 
ly ; royal ; as, a regal title. 

Re'GAL, n. [Fr. regale.] A musical instrument. Bacon. 

RE-GaLE', n. [Fr. regale.] The prerogative of monar- 
chy. 

RE-GaLE', n. A magnificent entertainnient or treat given 
to embassadors and other persons of distinction. 

RE-GALE', V. t. [Fr. regaler ,■ Sp. regalar.] To refresh ; 
to entertain with something that delights ; to gratify, as 
the senses. 

RE-GaLE', v. i. To feast ; to fare sumptuously. Shciistone. 

RE-GaL'ED, (re-gald') pp. Refreshed ; entertained ; grati- 
fied. 

RE-GaLE'MENT, 71. Refreshment ; entertainment ; grati=- 
ficatjon. 

RE-Ga'LI-A, n. [L.] 1. Ensigns of royalty ; the appara- 
tus of a coronation ; the crown, sceptre, &c. — 2. In law, 
the rights and prerogatives of a king. 

RE-GaL'ING, ppr. Refreshing ; entertaining ; gratifying. 

RE-GAL'I-TY, n. [from L. regalis ; It. realtd ; Fr. royaute.] 
Royalty ; sovereignty ; kingship. Bucon. 

Re'GAL-LY, adv. In a royal manner. Milton. 

RE-GaRD', t). f. [Fx.regarder^H.riguj.'-dare.] 1. To look 
towards; to point or be directed. 2. To observe; to no- 
tice with some particularity. 3. To attend to with re- 
spect and estimation ; to value. 4. To attend to as a 
thing that aflects our interest or happiness ; to fix the 
mind on as a matter of importance. 5. To esteem ; to 
hold in respect and afiection. 6. To keep; to observe 
with religious or solemn attention. 7. To attend to as 
sometJiing to influence our conduct. 8. To consider seri- 
ously ; to lay to heart. 9. To notice with pity or concern. 
10. To notice favorably or with acceptance ; to hear and 
answer. II. To love and esteem ; to practice. 12. To 
respect ; to have relation to. — To regard the pe son, to 
value for outward honor, wealth or power. Matt. xxii. 

RE-GARD', 7?. [Fr. regard ; It. riguardo.] 1. Look ; as- 
pect directed to another ; [I. u.] 2. Attention of the 
mind; respect in relation to something. 3. Respect ; es- 
teem ; reverence; that view of the mind which springs 
from value, estimable qualities, or any thing that excites 
admiration. 4. Respect; account. 5. Relation; refer 
ence. 6. Note ; eminence ; account. 7 Matter demand 
ing notice. 8. Prospect ; object of sight ; [obs.] — 9. In tl't; 
forest laws, view ; inspection. 

RE-GARD'A-BLE, a. Observable ; Avorthy of notice. 

RE-GARD' ANT, a. 1. In la^r, a villain regardant is one an- 
nexed to the manor or land. — 2. In heraldry, looking be- 
hind, as a lion or other beast. 

RE-GARD'ED, pp. Noticed ; observed ; esteemed ; re- 

SDCCtcd. 

RE-GARD'ER, n. 1. One that regards.— 2. In law, the re 
garder of the forest is an ofiicer whose business is to view 
the forest, inspect the oflUcers, and inquire of all offenses 
and defaults. 

RE-GARD'FUL, a. Taking notice ; heedful ; observing 
with care ; attentive. Soiith. 

RE-GARD'FUL-LY, adv. 1. Attentively; heedfully. 2. 
Respectfully. Shak. 

RE-GARD'ING, ppr. 1. Noticing; considering with cnre; 
attending to ; observing ; esteeming ; caring for. 2. Re- 
specting ; concerning; relating to. 

RE-GARD'LESS, a. 1. Not looking or attending to ; heed- 
less ; negligent; careless. 2. Not regai-ded ; slighted. 

RE-GARD'LESS-LY, adv. Heedlessly; carelessly; negli- 
gently. 

RE-GARD'LESS-NESS,7i. Heedlessness ; inattention ; neg- 
lisence. Whttlnck. 

RE-Ga'TA, or RE-GAT'TA, n. [It. regatta.] In Fenice, :i 
grand rowing match with boats. 

RE-GATH'ER, v. t. To gather or collect a second time 

RE-GATH'ERED, pp. Collected again. 

RE-GATH'ER-ING, ppr. Gathering a second time. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE 5— BfJLL, GNITE.— € as K : 6 as J : S as Z ; CH as SH , TH as in this, f Obsolete 



REG 



684 



REG 



REG'EL, or RECtTL, n. A fixed star of the first magnitude 
in Orion's left foot. 

RK'fiEN-CY, 71. [L. regens.] 1. Rule; authority, gov- 
erQiiient. 2. Vicarious government. 3. The district un- 
der the jurisdiction of a vicegerent. 4, The body of men 
intrusted witli vicarious government. 

RE-GEN'ER-A-CY, n. The state of being regenerated. 

RE-fiEiX'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. regcnero.] 1. To generate or 
produce anew ; to reproduce.— 2. In theology, to renew 
the heart by a change of affections ; to implant holy afiec- 
tions in the heart. Scott. 

RE-6EN'ER-ATE, a. [L, regencratus.] 1. Reproduced. 
2. Born anew ; renovated in heart 3 changed from a natu- 
ral to a spiritual state. Milton. 

RE-GEN'ER-A-TED, pp. 1. Reproduced. 2. Renewed ; 
born again. 

RE-6EN'ER-ATE-NESS, n. The state of being regener- 
ated. 

PE-eEN'ER-A-TING, ppr. 1. Reproducing. 2. Renovat- 
ing the nature by the implantation of holy affections in 
the heart. 

RE-6Ei\-ER-A'TI0N, n. 1 Reproduction ; the act of pro- 
ducing anew. — 2. In theology, new birth by the grace of 
God. 

RE-GEX'ER-A-TO-RY, a. Renewing ; having the power 
to renew ; tending to reproduce or renovate. Faber. 

R&dEKT, a. [h. regens.] 1. Ruling j governing. 2. Ex- 
ercising vicanous authority. Milton. 

ReGEKT, «. 1. A governor; a ruler. 2. One invested 
with vicarious authority ; one who governs a kingdom in 
the minority, absence or disability of the king. — 3. In coZ- 
Ze^ea-, a teacher of arts and sciences. — 4. In English uni- 
7iersiiies, a master of arts under five years standing, and a 
doctor under two. — 5. In the state uf M'eio York, the mem- 
ber of a corporate body which is invested with the super- 
intendence of all the colleges, academies and schools in 
the state. 

RE'GENT-ESS, n. A protectress of a kingdom. Cotgrave. 

Re GENT-SHIP, ?i. 1. The power of governing, or ''the of- 
fice of a regent. 2. Deputed authority. 

RE-GERM'I-NATE, v. i. [re and germinate.'] To germinate 
again. Lee. 

RE-6ERM'I-NA-TING, ppr. Germinating anew. 

RE-6ERM-I-Na'TI0N, n. A sprouting or germination 
anew. 

t RE-GEST', n. A register. Milton. 

t REG'I-BLE, a. Governable, Diet. 

REG'I-ClDE, 5?. [It,, Sp, regidda ; Fr, regicide.] 1. A 
king-killer ; one who murders a king. 2. The murder of 
a king. 

REG'1-MEN, n. [L.] 1. In medicine, the regulation of diet 
with a view to the preservation or restoration of health. 
2. Any regulation or remedy which is intended to pro- 
duce beneficial effects by gradual operation. — 3, In gram- 
mar, government ; that part of syntax or construction, 
which regulates the dependency of words ; the words 
governed. 4. Orderly government ; system of order. 

REG'I-MENT, 71. [L. regimen.] 1. In military affairs, a 
body of men consisting of a number of companies com- 
manded by a colonel. 2. Government ; mode of ruling ; 
rule ; authority ; \_ol)s.] Hooker. 

REG'I-MENT, v. t. To form into a regiment or into regi- 
ments with proper officers, Sw.ollet. 

REG-I-MENT'AL, a. Belonging to a regiment. 

REG-I-MENT'ALS, n. plu. The uniform worn by the 
troops of a regiment. 

REG'I-MENT-ED, pp. Formed into a regiment; incorpo- 
rated with a regiment. JVashington. 

Re'GION, (re'jun) n. [Fr., Sp. region : It. rcsione ; L. re- 
gie.] 1. A tract of land or space of indefinite extent, 
usually a tract of considerable extent. 2. The inhabitants 
of a region or district of country. Matt. iii. 3. A part of 
the body. 4. Place ; rank. Shak. 

UEG'IS-TER, 71. [Fr. re.gistre, regitre; Low L. reg-is- 
trum.] 1. A written account or entiy of acts, judgments 
or proceedings, for preserving and conveying to future 
times an exact knowledge of transactions. The word ap- 
propriately denotes an official account of the proceedings 
of a ])ublic body, a prince, a legislature, a court, an incor- 
porated company and the like, and in this use it is synony- 
mous with record. 2. The book in which a register or 
record is kept, as a parish register. 3. [Low L. registra- 
rius.] The officer or person whose business is to write or 
enter in a book accounts of transactions. — 4. In chemistry 
and the arts, an aperture with a lid, stopper or sliding 
plDte, in a furnace, stove, &c. for regulating the admis- 
sion of air and the heat of the fire. 5. The inner part 
of the mold in which types are cast.— 6. In printing, the 
correspondence of columns on the opposite sides of the 
sheet. 7. A sliding piece of wood, used as a stop in an 
organ. 

REG'IS-TER, v. t. 1. To record ; to write in a book for 
preserving an exact account of facts and proceedings. 2. 
to enroll ; to enter in a list. 



REGTS-TER-SHIP, n. The ofiice of register. 

REG'IS-TRAR, )n. An officer in the English universi' 

REG'IS-TRA-RY, \ ties, who has the keeping of all the 
public records. 

REG-IS-TRa'TION, n. The act of insertmg in a register. 

REG'IS-TRY, n. 1. The act of recording or writing in a 
register. 2. The place where a register is kept. 3. A 
series of facts recorded. 

fREGLE-MENT, n. [Fr.] Regulation. Bacon. 

REG'LET, n. [Fr.] A ledge of wood exactly planed, used 
by printers to separate lines and make the work more 
open. 

REG'NANT, a. [Fr,] 1. Reigning; exercismg regal au- 
thority ; as, a queen regnant. 2. Ruling ; predominant ; 
prevalent ; having the chief power. Swift. 

RE-GORGE', (re-gorJO v. t. [Fr. regorger.] 1. To vomit 
up ; to eject from the stomach ; to throw back or out 
again. 2. To swallow again. 3. To swallow eagerly. 

t RE-GRaDE', v. i. [L. regredior.lTo retire ; to go back 

RE-GRAFT', v. t. [re and a-raft.] To graft again. 

RE-GRAFT'ED, pp. Grafted agam. 

RE-GRAFT'ING, ppr. Grafting anew. 

RE-GRANT', v. t. [re and grant.] To grant back. Jiyliffe. 

RE-GRANT', n. The act of granting back to a former pro- 
prietor. 

RE-GRANT'ED, pp. Granted back. 

RE-GRANT'ING, ppr. Granting back. 

RE-GRaTE', v. t. [Fr. regratter.] 1. To offend ; to shock ; 
[7. u.] 2. To buy provisions and sell them again in the 
same market or fair; a practice which, by raising the 
price, is a public offense and punishable. Regrating dif- 
fers from engrossing and monopolizing, which signify the 
buying the whole of certain articles, or large quantities, 
and ivom forestalling , vsrhich signifies the purchase of pro- 
visions on the way, before they reach the market. 

RE-GRaT'ER, 77. One who buys provisions and sells thetn 
in thesame market or fair 

RE-GRaT'ING, ppr. Purchasing provisions and selling 
them in the same market. 

RE-GREET', v. t. [re and greet.] To greet again ; to re- 
salute. 

RE-GREET', n. A return or exchange of salutation. 

RE-GREET'ED,p;). Greeted again or in return. 

RE GREET'ING, pp7\ Greeting again ; resalating. 

RE'GRESS, n. [Fr. regres ; L. regressus.] 1. Passage 
back ; return. 2. The power of returning or passing 
back. 

RE-GRESS', v. i. To go back; to return to a former place 
or state. Brown. 

RE-GRES'SION, n. The act of passing back or returning. 
Brown. 

RE-GRESS'IVE, a. Passing back ; returning. 

RE-GRESS'IVE-LY, adv. In a back\^ard way or manner ; 
by return. Johnson. 

RE-GRET', n. [Fr. regret.] 1. Grief; sorrow; pain of 
mind. 2. Pain of conscience ; remorse. 3. Dislike ; 
aversion ; [obs.] 

RE-GRET', v.t. [Fr. regretter.] 1. To grieve at; to la- 
ment; to be sorry for; to repent. 2. To be uneasy at j 
[ohs.] 

RE-GRET'FUL, a. Full of regret. Fanshaw. 

RE-GRET'FUL-LY, adv. With regret. Greenhill. 

RE-GRET'TED, pp. Lamented. 

RE-GRET'TING, ppr. Lamenting; grieving at; repent- 
ing. 

f RE-GUERD'ON, (re-gerd'un) n. [re, and Fr. guerdon.] A 
reward ; a recompense. Shak 

t RE-^GUERD'ON, (re-gerd'un) v. t. To reward. Shak. 

REG'U-LAR, a. [Sp. regular ; Fr. regulier : L. regularis.] 

1. Conformed to a rule ; agreeable to an established rule, 
law or principle, to a prescribed mode or to established 
customary forms. 2. Governed by rule or rules ; steady 
or uniform in a course or practice. — 3. In geometry, a reg- 
ular figure is one whose sides and angles are equal, as a 
square, a cube, or an equilateral triangle. 4. Instituted 
or initiated according to established forms or discipline, 
5. Methodical ; orderly. 6. Periodical. 7. Pursued with 
uniformity or steadiness. 8. Belonging to a monastic 
order. — Regular troops, troops of a permanent army ; op- 
posed to militia. 

REG'U-LAR, 7!. 1. In a monastery, one who has taken the 
vows, and who is bound to follow the rules of the order. 

2. A soldier belonging to a permanent army. 
REG-U-LAR'I-TY, 71. 1. Agreeableness to a rule or to 

established order. 2. Method ; certain order. 3. Con- 
formity to ceitaui principles. 4. Steadiness or uniformi- 
ty in a course. 

REG'U-LAR-LY, adv. 1. In a manner accordant to a 
rule or established mode. 2. In uniform order ; at cer- 
tain intervals or periods. 3. Methodically ; in due or- 
der. 

REG'U-LATE, v. t. 1. To adjust by rule, method or estab- 
lished mode. 2. To put in good order. 3. To subject to 
rules or restrictions. 



S(e Syllepsis. A, E, T, 5, U, Y, Zots^.— FAR, FALL, WII^^T ,— PRgY ;— FtN, MARINE, BIRD ,-- t Obsolete. 



REI 



685 



REI 



HEG'U-LA-TED, pp. Adjusted by rule, method or forms ; 
put in good order ; subjected to rules or restrictions. 

REG'U-LA-TING, ppf. Adjusting by rule, method or 
forms ; reducing to order ; subjecting to rules or restric- 
tions. 

REG-U-1aA'TI0N, 71. 1. The act of regulating or reducing to 
order. 9. A rule or order prescribed by a superior for the 
management of some business, or for the government of a 
company or society. 

REG'U-LA-TOR, n. 1. One who regulates. 2. The small 
spring of a watch, which regulates its motions by retard- 
ing or accelerating them. 3. Any part of a machine which 
regulates its movements. 

REG'U-LINE, a. Pertaining to regulus or pure metal. 

REG'U-LiZE, V. t. To reduce to regulus or pure metal ; to 
separate pure metal from extraneous matter. 

REG'U-LUS, n. [L.; Fr. regule. For the nlural, some au- 
thors write reguli, and others reguluses.j In chemistry, 
the finer or pure part of a metallic substance, which, in 
the melting of ores, falls to the bottom of the crucible. 

RE-GUR6'I-TATE, v. t. [Fr. regorger.] To throw or pour 
back, as from a deep or hollow place ; to pour or throw 
back in great quantity. 

RE-GUR6'I-TATE, v. i. To be thrown or poured back. 
Harvey. 

RE-GUR6'I-TA-TED, pp. Thrown or poured back 

RE-GURG'I-TA-TING, ppr. Throwing or pouring back. 

RE-GURG-I-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of pouring back. 2. 
The act of swallowing again; reabsorption. 

RE-HA-BIL'I-TATE, v. t. [Fr. rehabiliter.} To restore to 
a former capacity ; to reinstate ; to qualify again ; to re- 
store, as a delinquent to a former right, rank o* privilege 
lost or forfeited. 

EE-HA-BIL'I-TA-TED, pp. Restored to a former rank, 
right, privilege or capacity ; reinstated. 

RE-HA-BIL'I-TA-TING, ppr. Restoring to a former right, 
rank, privilege or capacity ; reinstating. 

RE-HA-BIL-I-Ta'TION, n. The act of reinstating in a for- 
mer rank or capacity ; restoration to former rights. 

RE-HeAR', v. «.; pret. and pp. reheard, [re and hear.] To 
hear_again ; to try a second time. 

RE-HeARD', [See * Heard.] jjp- Heard again. 

RE-HeAR'ING, ppr. Hearing a second time. 

RE-HeAR'ING, n. 1. A second hearing. Addison.— 2. In 
law, a second hearing or trial, 

RE-HEARS'AL, (re-hers'al) n. 1. Recital ; repetition of 
. the words of another or of a written work. 2. Narra- 
tion ; a telling or recounting, as of particulars in detail. 
3. The recital of a piece before the public exhibition 
of it. 

RE-HEARSE', (re-hers') ^. i. 1. To recite; to repeat the 
words of a passage or composition ; to repeat the words of 
another. 2. To narrate or recount events or transactions. 
3. To recite or repeat in private for experiment and im- 
provement, before a public representation. 

RE-HEARS'ED, (re-hersf) pp. Recited ; repeated, ai words ; 
narrated. 

RE-HE ARS'ER, (re-hers'er) n. One who recites or nar- 
rates. 

RE-HEARS'ING, (re-hers'ing) ppr. Reciting ; repeating 
words ; recounting ; telling ; narrating. 

ReI'GLE, (re'gl) n. [Fr. r^glc.] A hollow cut or channel 
for guiding any thing. Carew. • 

REIGN, (rane) v. i. [L. regno ; Fr. regner ; It. regnare ; Sp. 
reijnar,] 1. To possess or exercise sovereign power or 
authority : to rule ; to exercise government, as a king or 
emperor ; or to hold the supreme power. 2. To be pre- 
(tnminant ; to prevail. 3. To rule ; to have superior or 
uncontrolled dominion. Rom. vi. 

REIGN, (rane) n. [Fr. regne ; L. regnum.] 1. Royal au- 
thority ; supreme power ; sovereignty. 2. The time dur- 
ing which a king, queen or emperor possesses the supreme 
authority. 3. Kingdom ; dominion. 4. Power; influence. 
5. Prevalence. 

REIGN'ER, (ra'ner) n. Ruler. Sherwood. 

REIGN'ING, (ra'ning) ppr. 1. Holding or exercising su- 
preme power ; ruling ; governing, as king, queen or em- 
peror. 2. a. Predominating; prevailing. 

RE-IM-BARK'. See Re-embakk. 

RE-IM-BOD'Y, V. i. [re and imbody.] Toimbody again ; to 
be formed into a body anew. Boyle. 

RE-IM-BURS'A-BLE, a. That may be repaid. Hamilton. 

RE-IM-BURSE', (re-im-burs') v. t. [Fr. rembourser ,■ It. 
rimborsare.] To refund ; to replace in a treasury or in a 
private coffer, and equivalent to the sum taken from it, 
lost or expended. 

RE-IM-BURS'ED, (re-im-bursf) pp. Repaid ; refunded ; 
made good, as loss or expense. 

RE-IM-BURSE'MENT, (re-im-burs'ment) n. The act of 
repaying or refunding ; repayment. Hamilton 

RE-IM-BURS'ER, n. One who repays or refunds what has 
been lost or expended. 

RE-IM-BURS'ING, ppr. Repaying; refunding; making 
good, as loss or expense. 



RE-IM-PLANT', v. t. [re and implant.i To implant again 

RE-IM-PLANT'ED,pp. Implanted anew. 

RE-IM-PLANT'ING, ppr. Implanting agam. 

RE-IM-POR-TuNE', v. t. [re and importune.] To impor 
tune ag'^in. 

RE-IM-POR-TuN'ED, (re-im-por-tund') pp. Importuned 
again . 

RE-IM-POR-TuN'ING, ppr. Importuning again. 

RE-IM-PREG'NATE, v. t. [re and impregnate.] To toi- 
pregnate again. Brown. 

RE-IM-PREG'NA-TED,pi». Impregnated again. 

RE-IM-PREG'NA-TING, wpr. Impregnating again. 

RE-IM-PRESS', V. t. [re and impress.] To impress anew 

RE-IM-PRESS'ED, (re-im-presf) ;>p. Impressed again. 

RE-IM-PRESS'ING, pnr. Impressing again. 

RE-IM-PRES'SION, n. A second or repeated impression 

RE-IM-PRINT', V. t [re and imprint.] To imprint agaii.. 

RE-IM-PRINT'ED, pp. Imprinted agam. 

RE-IM-PRINT'ING, pjir. Imprinting anew. 

RE-IM-PRIS'ON, V. t. To imprison a second time. 

RE-IM-PRIS'ONED, pp. Imprisoned a second time. 

RE-IM-PRIS'ON-ING, »pr. Imprisoning a second time. 

RE-IM-PRIS'ON-MENT, n. The act of confining in prisor 
a second time. 

REIN, 71. [Fr. rene, from resne.] 1. The strap of a bridle, 
fastened to the curb or snaffle on each side, by wiiich the 
rider of ahorse restrains and governs him. 2. The in- 
strument of curbing, restraining or governing ; govern- 
ment. — To give ihe reins, to give license; to leave with- 
out restraint. — To take tlie reins, to take the guidance or 
government. 

REIN, V. t. To govern by a bridle. Milton. 2. To restrain ; 
to control. Shak. 

REIN<DEER, ) 71. [Sax. hrana. See Rane.] A species of 

RaNE'DEER, \ the cervine genus. 

RE-IN-FE€T', v. t. [re and infect.] To infect again. 

RE-IN-FE€T'ED,p;j. Infected again. 

RE-IN-FEOT'ING, ppr. Infecting again. 

RE-IN-FEe'TIOUS, a. Capable of infecting again. 

RE-IN-F5RCE', v. t. [re and enforce.] To give new force 
to ; to strengthen by new assistance or support. 

RE-IN-FoR'CED, (re-in-forsf) pp. Strengthened by addi 
tional force. 

RE-IN-FoRCE'MENT, n. New force added ; fresh supplies 
of strength ; particularly, additional troops or ships. 

RE-IN-FoR'CING, ppr. Adding fresh force to. 

RE-IN-GRa'TIATE, v. t. [re and ingratiate.] To ingra- 
tiate again ; to recommend again to favor. Herbert. 

RE-IN-GRa'TIA-TED, pp. Reinstated in favor. 

RE-IN-GRa'TIA-TING, ppr. Ingratiating again. 

RE-IN-HAB'IT, v. t. [re and inhabit.] To inhabit again. 

RE-IN-HAB'IT-ED,:P;7. Inhabited again. 

RE-IN-HAB'IT-ING, ppr. Inhabiting a second time. 

REIN'LESS, a. Without rein ; without restraint ; un- 
checked. 

RE-IN-LIST', v. t. or i. To inlist again. Marshall. 

RE-IN-LIST'ED, pp. Inlisted anew. 

RE-IN-LIST'ING, -ppr. Inlisting anew. 

RE-IN-LIST'MENT, n. The ace of inlisting anew; the act 
of engaging again in military service. 

RE-IN-ClUiRE', V. t. To inquire a second time. Brown. 

REINS, n. plu. [Fr. rein, rognon ; L. ren, renes.] I. The 
kidneys ; the lower part of the back.— 2. In Scripture, the 
inward parts ; the heart, or seat of the affections and pas 
sions. Ps. Ixxiii. 

RE-IN-SERT', V. t. [re and insert.] To insert a second 
time. 

RE-IN-SERT'ED, P77. Inserted again. 

RE-IN-SERT'ING, ppr. Inserting again. 

RE-IN-SER'TION, n. A second insertion. 

RE-IN-SPE€T', V. t. To inspect again, as provisions. 

RE-IN-SPE€'TION, n. The act of inspecting a second 
time 

RE-IN-SPiRE', V. t. [re and inspire.] To inspire anew. 

RE-IN-SPlR'ED, (re-in-splrd') pp. Inspired again. 

RE-IN-SPlR'ING,p;7r. Inspiring again. 

RE-IN-STALL', v. t. To install again ; to seat anew. 

RE-IN-STALL'ED, (re-in-stawld') pp. Installed anew. 

RE-IN-STALL'ING, ppr. Installing agam. 

RE-IN-STALL'MENT, n. A second installment. 

RE-IN-STATE', v. t. [re and instate.] To place again in' 
possession or in a former state ; to restore to a state from 
which one had been removed. 

RE-IN-STaT'ED, pp. Replaced in possession or in a funno 
state. 

RE-IN-STaTE'MENT, n. The act of putting in a former 
state ; re-establishment. Marshall. 

RE-IN-STaT'ING, ppr. Replacing in a former state ; put- 
ting again in possession. 

RE-xN-SuR'ANCE, (re-in-shurans) n. [re and insurance] 
An inswrance of property already insuied ; a second in- 
suranceof the same property. 

RE-IN-SURE', (re-hi-shure') v. t. [re and insure.] To iii- 



See Synopsis MO\'E, BOQK, DoVE ; ByLL, UNITE.-€ as K : G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SIJ ; TH as in tUs. t OhsoUtc 



REL 



REL 



sure the same property a second time by other underwrit- 
ers. 

RE-IN-SuR'ED, (re-iri-shurd') pp. Insured a second time by 
other persons. 

UE-IN-SUR'ING, (re-in-shur'ing) ppr. Insuring a second 
time by other persons. 

RE-IN'TE-GRATE, v. t. [Fr. reintegrer ; L. redintegro.] 
To renew with regard to any state cr quality ; to restore. 
[Little used.] 

RE-lN-TER'RO-GATE, v. t. [re and interrogate.] To in- 
terrogate again ; to question repeatedly. Cotgrave. 

RE-IN-THRoNE , i). t. To replace on the throne, 

RE-IN-THRoN'ED, pp. Placed again on the throne. 

RE-lN-THRoN'ING, ppr. Replacmg on the throne. 

t RE-IN-THRoN'iZE, v. t. To reinthrone. 

RE-IN-VEST', V. t. [re and invest.] To invest anew. 

IlE-IN-VEST'ED, ;>p. Invested again. 

RE-IN-VEST'ING, pp- Investing anew. 

RE-IN-VEST'MENT, n The act of investing anew ; a 
second or repeated investment. 

TIE-IN -VIG'0-RAT£, 1). «. To revive vigor in j to reani- 
mate. 

REIT, n. Sedge ; sea-weed. Bailey. 

REI'TER, n. [Ger. rdter.] A ride. ; a trooper. 

RE-IT'ER-ATE, v. t. [Fr. reiterer.] To repeat ; to repeat 
agahi and again. Milton. 

RE-IT'ER-A-TED, pp. Repealed again and again. 

RE-IT'FR-A-TING, ppr. Repeating again and again. 

RE-IT-ER-A'TION, n. Repetition. Boyle. 

RE-JEeT', V. t. [L.rejlcio^rejectus.] 1. Tt throw away, 
as any thing -'^'ess or vile. 2. To cast off. 3. To cast 
off; to forsake. Jer. vii. 4. To refuse to receive ; to 
slight ; to despise. 5. To refuse to grant. 6. To refuse 
to accept. 

RE-JECT'A-BLE, a. That may be rejected. 

RE-JE€-TA-MENT'A, n. [from L. rejecto.] Things thrown 
out or away. [M-formed.] Fleming. 

RE-JE€-T^'NE-OUS, a. Not chosen or received j rejected. 
Mm-e. 

RE-JE€T'ED, pp. Thrown away; cast off; refused; 
slighted. 

RE-JEGT'ER, n. One that rejects or refuses. Clarke. 

liE-JE€T'ING, ppr. Throwing away ; castingoff; refusing 
to grant or accept ; slighting. 

RE-JEe'TION, n. [L. rejectio.] The act of throwing 
away ; the act of casting off or forsaking ; refusal to 
accept or grant. 

\ RE-JEe-Tl"TIOUS, a. That may be rejected or refused. 

RE-JEeT'IVE, a. That rejects or tends to cast off. 

RE-JE€T'MENT, n. Matter thrown away. Eaton. 

RE-JOICE', i|re-jois') v. i. [Fr. rejouir, rejouissant ; Sp. re- 
gocijar.] To experience joy and gladness in a high de- 
gree ; to be exhilarated with lovely and pleasurable sensa- 
tions ; to exult. 

RE-JOICE', (re-jois') v. t. To make joyful ; to gladden; to 
animate witn lively, pleasurable sensations ; to exhila- 
rate. 

t RE-JOICE', n. Act of rejoicing. Brown. 

RE-JOI'CED, (re-joisf) pp. Made glad ; exhilarated. 

RE-JOI'CER, n. One that rejoices. Taylor. 

RE'30l'ClNG, ppr Animating with gladness ; exhilarating; 
feeling joy. 

RE-JOI'CING, n 1. The act of expressing joy and gladness. 
•2. The subject of joy. 3. The experience of joy. Oal.vi. 

RE-JOI'CING-LY, adv. With joy or exultation. Slieldoyi. 

RE-JOIN', V. t. [re and join ; Fr. rejuindre.] 1. To join 
again ; to unite after separation. 2. To meet one again. 

«IE-J0IN', V. i. 1. To answer to a reply. — 2. In law plead 
ings, to answer as the defendant to the plaintiff's replica- 
tion. 

RE-JOIND'ER, 71. 1. An answer to a reply ; or, in general, 
an answer. — 2. In law pleadings, the defendant's answer 
to the plaintiff's replication. 

RE-JOIN'ED, (re-joind') pp. Joined again ; reunited. 

RF,-301N'lNG,ppr. Joining again ; answering a plaintiff^s 
replication. 

RE-JOINT', V. t. [re and jomi.] To reunite joints. 

7 RE-JoLT', n. [re and jolt.] A reacting jolt or shock. 
South. 

r RE-J6URN', (re-jurn') v. t. [Fr. reajourner.] To adjourn 
to another hearing or inquiry. Burton. 

RE-JUDGE', (re-juj') t). £. \re and judge.] To judge again ; 
to re-examine ; to review ; to call to a new trial and de- 
cision. Pope. 

RE-JTIDG'ED, (re-jujd') pp. Reviewed; judged again. 

RE-JUDG'ING, ppr. Judging again. 

RE-JU-VE-NES'CENCE, )n. [1,. re and J7ivenescens.] A 

KE-JU-VENES'CEN-CY, \ renewing of youth ; the state 
of being young again. 

RE-KIN'DLE, v. t. [re and kindle.] 1. To kindle again ; 
lo set on fire anew. 2. To inflame again ; to rouse anew. 

RE-KIN'DLED, pp. Kindled again ; inflamed anew. 

RE-KIN'DLING, ppr. Kindling again ; inflaming anew. 

RE-LajD', pp. Laid a second time. 



RE-LAND', V. t. [re and land \ To land again ; to put on 
land what had been shipped or embarked. 

RE-LAND', V. i. To go on shore after having embarked. 

RE-LAND'ED, pp. Put on shore again. 

RE-LAND'ING, ppr. Landing again. 

RE-LAPSE', (re-laps') v. i. HLi. relapsus.] 1. To slip or 
slide back ; to return. 2. To fall back ; to return to a 
former state or practice. 3. To fall back or return from 
recovery or a convalescent state. 

RE-LAPSE, (re-laps') n. A sliding or falling back, particu- 
larly into a former bad state, either of body or of morals. 

RE-LAPS'ER, u. One that relapses into vice or error. 

RE-LAPS'ING, ppr. Sliding or falling back, as into disease 
or vice. 

RE-LaTE', v. t. [L. relatus.] 1. To tell : to recite ; to 
narrate the particulars of an event. 2. To bring back ; to " 
restore ; [obs.] 3. To aily by connection or kindred.— 7'o 
relatj one^s self, to vent thoughts in words ; [ill.] 

RE-LaTE', v. i. To have reference or respect ; to regard. 

RE-LaT'ED, pp. 1. Recited ; narrated. 2. a. Allied by 
kindred ; connected by blood or alliance, particularly bv 
consanguinity. 

RE-LaT'ER, 71. One who tells, recites or narrates ; a histo- 
rian. Swift. 

RE-LaT'1NG, ppr. 1. Telling ; reciting ; narrating. 2. a. 
Having relation or reference ; concerning. 

RE-La'TION, 71. [Fr. ; L. relatio.] 1. The act of telling ; 
recital ; account ; narration ; narrative of facts. 2. Re- 
spect ; reference ; regard. 3. Connection between things ; 
mutual respect, or what one thing is with regard to anotli- 
er. 4. Kindred ; alliance. 5. A person connected by 
consanguinity or affinity ; a kinsman or kinswoman. 6. 
Resemblance of phenomena ; analogy. — 7. Iji geometry, 
ratio; proportion. 

RE-La'TION-AL, a. Having relation or kindred. Tooke. 

RE-La'TION-SHIP, 71. The state of being related by kin- 
dred, affinity ojc other alliance. 

REL'A-TlVE, a.' -[Fr. relatif; L. rclativus.] 1. Having re- 
lation ; respecting. 2. Not absolute or existing by itself, 
considered as belon'^jng to or respecting something else. 3. 
Incident to man in* society ; as relative rights and duties. 

4. Particular ; positivie ; [obs ] 

REL'A-TlVE, 71. 1. A^erson connected by blood or aflini- 
ty ; strictly, one alliedj by blood ; a relation ; a kinsman 
or kinswoman. 2. That which has relation to something 
else. — 3. In grammar, a word which relates to or repre- 
sents another word, called its antecedent, or to a sentence 
or member of a sentence. 

REL'A-TiVE-LY, adv. In relation or respect to something 
else ; not absolutely. Watts. 

REL'A-TiVE-NESS, n. The state of having relation. 

RE-La'TOR, 71. In law, one who brings an information in 
the nature of a quo warranto. Blackstone. 

RE-LAX', V. t. [L. relaxo.] 1. To slacken ; to make less 
tense or rigid. 2. To loosen ; to make less close or firm. 
3. To make less severe or rigorous ; to remit or abate in 
strictness. 4. To remit or abate in attention, assiduity oi 
labor. 5. To unbend ; to ease ; to relieve from close at- 
tention. 6. To relieve from constipation; to loosen; to 
open. 7. To open ; to loose. 8. To make languid. 

RE-LAX', ij. i. 1. To abate in severity; to become more 
mild or less rigorous. 2. To remit in close attention. 

t RE-LAX', 7?,. Relaxation. Feltham. 

RE-LAX' A-BLE, a. That may be remitted. Barrow. 

REL-AX-A'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. relaxatio.] 1. The act of 
slackening or remitting tension. 2. Cessation of restraint. 
3. Remission or abatement of rigor. 4. Remission of at- 
tention or application. 5. An opening or loosening. 

REL-AX'A-TlVE, a. Having the quality of relaxing. 

RE-LAX'ED, (re-laxf) pp. Slackened ; loosened ; remitted 
or abated in rigor or hi closeness ; made less vigorous ; lan- 
guid. 

REL- AX'ING, ppr. Slackening; loosening; remitting or 
abating in rigor, severity or attention ; rendering languid 

RE-LAY', 7i. [Fr. relais.] 1. A supply of horses placed on 
the road to be in readiness to reheve others, that a travel- 
er may proceed without delay. 2. Hunting dogs kept in 
readiness at certain places to pursue the game, when the 
dogs^that have been in pursuit are weary. 

RE-LaY', v. t. [re and lay.] To lay again ; to lay a second 
time. Smollet. 

RE-LaY'ING, ppr. Laying a second time. 

RE-LeASE', f. t. [usually derived from Fr. 7-eZac/;er ; It. 
rilassare and rilasciare.] 1. To set free from restraint of 
any kind, either physical or moral ; to liberate from prison, 
confinement or servitude. Matt. xv. Mark xv. 2. To 
free from pain, care, trouble, grief, &c. 3. To free from ob- 
ligation or penalty. 4. To quit ; to let go, as a legal claim. 

5. To discharge or relinquish a right to lands or teneinents, 
by conveying it to another that has some right or estate in 
possession. 6. To relax ; [obs.] 

RE-LeASE', 7!. 1. Liberation or discharge from restraint of 
any kind, aa from confinement or bondage. 2. Liberation 
from care, pain or any burden. 3. Discharge from obli- 



* Sec Synopsis. A E. I. O. U -t' ^y?;^/,— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD : 



t Obsolete 



REL 



687 



REL 



gation or responsibility, as from debt, penalty or claim of 
any kind ; acquittance. — 4. In law, a release or deed of 
release, is a conveyance of a man's right in lands or tene- 
ments to another who has some estate in possession ; a 
quitclaim. 

RE-LeAS'ED, (re-leesf) pp. Set free from confinement; 
freed from obligation or liability ; freed from pain ; quit- 
claimed. 

RE-LeASE'MENT, 71. The act of releasing from confine- 
ment or obligation. Milton. 

RE-LeAS'ER, 71. One who releases. 

RE-LeAS'ING, ppr. Liberating from confinement or re- 
straint ; freeing from obligation or responsibility, or from 
pain or other evil ; quitclaiming. 

BEL'E-GATE, V t. [L. relego.] To banish ; to send into 
exile. 

REL'E-GA-TED, pp. Sent into exile. 

REL'E-GA-TING, ppr. Banishing. 

REL-E-Ga'TION, n. [L. relegatio.] The act of banish- 
ment ; exile. Ayliffe. 

RE-LENT', V. i. [Fr. ralentir ; Sp. relenter.] L To soften ; 
to become less rigid or hard ; to give. 2. To grow moist ; 
to deliquesce ; applied to salts ; [ofe.] 3. To become less 
intense; [little used.} Sidney. 4. To soften in temper ; to 
become more mild and tender ; to feel compassion. 

T RE-LENT', ij. t. 1. To slacken. 2. To soften ; to mollify. 

t RE-LENT', pp. Dissolved. 

t RE-LENT', 71. Remission ; stay. Spenser. 

RE-LENT'ING, ppr. Softening in temper ; becoming more 
mild or compassionate. 

RE-LENT'ING, n. The act of becoming more mild or 
compassionate. 

RE-LENT'LESS, a. Unmoved by pity ; unpitying ; insensi- 
ble to the distresses of others ; destitute of tenderness. 

RE-LES-SEE', n. The person to whom a release is executed. 

RE-LES-SOR'sTi. The person who executes a release. 

REL'E-VANCE, ) n. 1. The state of being relevant, or of 

REL'E-VAN-CY, \ affording relief or aid. 2. Pertinence ; 
applicableness.— 3. In Scots law, sufficieij«y to infer the 
conclusion. » 

REL'L-VANT, a. [Fr. ; L. relever.] ]. .Relieving ; lend- 
ing aid or support. 2. Pertinent; applicable. 3. Suffi- 
cient to support the cause. Scots law, • 

t REL-E-Va'TION, 71. A raising or lifting up. 

RE-Ll'ANCE, 71. Rest or repose of mind, resulting from a 
full belief of the veracity or integrity of a person, or of 
the certainty of a fact; trust; confidence ; dependence. 

REL'I€, 71. [Fr. relique; lu. reliquim.] 1, That which re- 
mains ; that which is left after the loss or decay of the 
rest. 2. The body of a deceased person ; a corpse ; [usu- 
ally in the plural.] Pope. 

t REL'I€-LY, adv. In the manner of relics. Donne. 

REL'1€T, n. [L. relictus, reHcta.] A widow ; a woman 
whos^ husband is dead. Sprat. 

RE-LIeF', 71. [Fv. relief ; It. rilevn,rilievo.] 1. The remov- 
al, in whole or in part, of any evil that afflicts the body or 
mind ; the removal or alleviation of pain, grief, want, 
care, anxiety, toil or distress, or of any thing oppressive 
or burdensome, by which some ease is obtained. 2. That 
which mitigates or removes pain, grief or other evil. 3. 
The dismission of a sentinel from his post, whose place 
is supplied by another soldier ; also, the person who takes 
his place. — 4. In sculpture &;c. the projecture or promi- 
nence of a figure above or beyond the ground or plane on 
which it is formed. Relief is of three kinds ; high relief, 

[alto relievo ;] low relief, [basso relievo ;] and demi relief, 
demi relievo.] The difference is in the degree of projecture. 
— 5. In painting, the appearance of projection, or the de- 
gree of boldness which a figure exhibits to the eye at a dis- 
tance. — 6. In feudal law, a fine or composition which the 
heir of a tenant, holding by kn ight's service or other tenure, 
paid to the lord at the death of the ancestor, for the privi- 
lege of taking up the estate which, on strict feudal princi- 
ples, had lapsed or fallen to the lord on the death of the 
tenant. 7. A remedy, partial or total, for any wrong 
suffered ; redress ; indemnification. 8. The exposure of 
any thing by the proximity of something else. 

RE-LT^R, 71. One who relies, or places full confidence in, 

RE-LIeV'A-BLE, a. Capable of being relieved ; that may 
receive relief. Hale. 

RE-LIeVE', v. t. [Fr. relever ; L. relevo.] 1. To free, 
wholly or partially, from pain, grief, want, anxiety, care, 
toil, trouble, burden, oppression, or anything that is con- 
sidered to be an evil ; to ease of any thing that pains the 
body or distresses the mind. 2. To alleviate or remove. 
3. To dismiss from a post or station, as sentinels, a guard 
or ships, and station others in their place. 4. To right ; 
to ease of any burden, wrong or oppression. 5. To abate 
the inconvenience of any thing by change, or by the inter- 
position of something dissimilar. 6. To assist ; tosupport. 

RE-LlE V'ED, (re-leevd') pp. 1. Freed from pain or other 
evil ; eased or cured ; aided ; succored ; dismissed from 
watching. 2. Alleviated or removed ; as pain or dis- 
tress. 



RE-LIeV'ER, n One that relieves : he or that which gives 
ease._ 

RE-LIeV'ING, ppr. Removing pain or distress, or abating 
the violence of it ; easing ; curing ; assisting ; dismissing 
from a post, as a sentinel ; supporting. 

RE-LIe'VO, n. [It.] Relief; prominence of figures in 
statuary, architecture, &c. ; apparent prominence of fig- 
ures in painting. 

RE-LIGHT', (re-llte') v. t. [re and light.] 1. To light anew ; 
to illuminate again. 2. To rekindle ; to set on fire again. 

RE-LlGHT'ED, f)^. Lighted anew ; rekindled. 

RE-LlGHT'ING, ppr. Lighting again ; rekindling. 

RE-LI6'I0N, (re-lij'un) n. [Fr., Sp. religion ; It. rellgione ; 
Li. religio.] 1. i?eZig-207i, in its most comprehensive sense, 
includes a belief in the being and perfections of God, in 
the reveMion of his will to man, in man's obligation to 
obey his commands, in a state of reward and punishment, 
and in man's accountableness to God ; and also true 
godliness or piety of life, with the practice of all moral 
duties. 2. Religion, as distinct from theology, is godliness 
or real piety in practice. 3. Religion, as distinct from 
virtue or morality, consists in the performance of the du- 
ties we owe directly to God, from aprinciple of obedience 
to his will. 4. Any system of faith and worship. 5. The 
rites of religion ; in the plural. 

tRE-Ll6'ION-A-RY, a. Relating to religion ; pious. 

KE-LIG'ION-IST, n. A bigot to any religious persuasion. 
Swift. 

RE-LIG'IOUS, (re-lid'jus) a. [7r. religieux ; 'L.rcligiosus.] 

1. Pertaining or relating to religion. 2. Pious; godly; 
loving and reverencing the Supreme Being and obeying 
his precepts. 3. Devoted to the practice of religion. 4. 
Teaching religion ; containing religious subjects or the 
doctrines and precepts oi religion. 5. Exact ; strict ; such 
as religion requires. 6. Engaged by vows to a monastic 
life. 7. Appropriated to the performance of sacred or 
religious duties. 

RE-LIG'IOUS, 71. A person bound by monastic vows, or 
sequestered from secular concerns and devoted to a life of 
piety and devotion ; a monk or friar ; a nun. 

RE-LIG'IOUS-LY, (re-lid'jiis-ly) adv. i. Piously ; with love 
and reverence to the Supreme Being ; in obedience to the 
divine commands. 2. According to the rites of religion 
3. Reverently ; with veneration. 4. Exactly ; strictly ; 
conscientiously. 

RE-LIG'IOUS-NESS, n. The quality or state of being re- 
ligious. 

RE-LIN'QUISH, v.t. [L. relinquo.] 1. To withdraw 
from ; to leave ; to quit. It may be to forsake or abandon, 
but it does not necessarily express the sense of the latter. 
A man may relinquish an enterprise for a time, or with a 
design never to resume it. In general, to relinquish, is to 
leave without the intention of resuming, and equivalent 
to fo7-sake, hnt is less emphatical than abandon and desert 

2. To forbear ; to withdraw from. 3. To give up ; to re ■ 
nounce a claim to. — To relinquish back, or to, to give up ; 
to release ; to surrender. 

RE-LIN'aUISIlED,;>7). Left; quitted; given up. 

RE-IilN'aUISH-ER, n. One who leaves or quits. 

RE-LlN'aUISH-ING, ppr. auitting ; leaving ; giving up. 

RE-LlN'aUISH-MENT, n. The act of leaving or quitting ; 
a forsaking ; the renouncing a claim to. 

REL'I-Q,UA-RY, n. [Fr. rcliquaire.] A depository for rel- 
ics ; a casket in which relics are kept. 

RE-LIQ,'UID-ATE, v. t. [re and liquidate.] To liquidate 
anew ; to adjust a second time. 

RE-Lia'tJID-A-TED, pp. Liquidated again. 

RE-LICi'UID-A-TING,ppr. Liquidating again. 

RE-LICl-UID-A'TION, n. A second or renewed liquidation ; 
a renewed adjustment. Hamilton. 

REL'ISH, 77. 1. Taste; or, rather, a pleasing taste; that 
sensation of the organs which is experienced when we 
take food or drink of an agreeable flavor. 2. Liking , 
delight; appetite. 3. Sense; the faculty of perceiving 
excellence ; taste. 4. That which gives pleasure ; the 
power of pleasing. 5. Cast ; manner. 6. Taste ;' a small 
quantity just perceptible. 

REL'ISH, V. t. 1. To give an agreeable taste to. 2. To like 
the taste of. 3. To be gratified with the enjoyment or 
use of. 

REL'ISH, V. i. 1. To have a pleasing taste. 2. To give 
pleasure. 3. To have a flavor. 

REL'ISH-A-BLE, a, Gustable ; having an agreeable taste. 

REL'ISIIED, j);>. Giving an agreeable taste ; received with 
pleasure. 

RE-LiVE, (re-Iiv') v. i. [re and live.] To live again ; to 
revive. Spenser. 

f-RE-LlVE', (re-livO t;. t. To recall to life. Spenser. 

RE-LoAN', v. t. [re and loan.] To loan again ; to lend 
what has been lent and repaid. 

RE-LoAN', n. A second lendinc of the same mrney. 

RE-LoAN'ED, (re-lond') vp. Loaned again. 

RE-LoAN'TNG, ppr. Loaning again. 

t RE-L6VE', 7;. i. [re and love.] To ]ove in return. Botjle 



* See Synopsis. M5VE, BOQK, D6VE 5— BULL, UNITE.— C as K 3 G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



REM 



688 



REM 



lt£-LU'CENT, a. [L. relucens.] Shining; transparent; 
clear ; pellucid. Thomson. 

RE-LU€T', z). i. [L.reluctor.] To strive or struggle against. 
[Little used.] 

RE-LUeT'ANCE, In. Unwillingness; great opposition of 

RE-LU€T'AN-CY, J mind ; repugnance. 

R£-L1j€T'ANT, a. 1. Striving against; unwilling ; much 
opposed iu heart. 2. Unwilling ; acting with slight re- 
pugnance ; coy. 3. Proceedmg from an unwilling mind ; 
granted with reluctance. 

RE-LU€T'.\NT-L Y, adv. With opposition of heart ; un- 
willingly. 

RE-LU€T'ATE, v. t. To resist ; to struggle agamst. 

RE-LU€-Ta'TION, n. Repugnance ; resistance. Bacon. 

RE-LU€T'ING, ppr. 1. Striving to resist. 2. a. Averse ; 
unwilling. 

RE-LuM£',«.t. LFr.raZZitmer.] To rekindle; to light again. 

RE-LuM'ED, (re-lumd') j?ij. Rekindled ; lighted again. 

RE-LU'MlNE, V. t. [It. ralluvdnare ; L. relumino.] 1. To 
light anew ; to rekindle. 2. To Uluminate again. 

RE-LU'MiNED, pp. Rekindled ; illuminated anew. 

RE-LuM'lNG, ppr. Kindling or lighting anew. 

RE-LuM'IN-lNG, ppr. Rekindling ; enlightening anew. 

RE-LY', V. i. [re and lie.] To rest on something, as the mind 
when satisfied of the veracity, integrity or ability of per- 
sons, or of the certainty of facts or of evidence ; to have 
confidence in ; to trust in ; to depend. 

RE-LY'IXG, ppr. Reposing on something, as the mind; 
confiding in ; trusting in ; depending. 

RE-MaDE', jpret. and pp. of remake. 

RE-Ma1N', w. ^- li. remaueo.] 1. To continue; to rest or 
abide in a place for a time uidefinite. 2. To be left after 
others have withdrawn ; to rest or abide in the same 
place when others remove, or are lost, destroyed or taken 
away. 3. To be left after a part or otliers have past. 4. 
To continue unchanged, or in a particular state. 5. Not 
to be lost ; not to escape ; not to be forgotten. 6. To be 
left, out of a greater number or quantity. 7. To be left as 
not included or comprised, fe. To continue iu the same 
state. 

RE-MaTN', v. t. To await ; to be left to. 

fRE-MAlN', 76. That which is left . a corpse ; also, abode. 

LI ;;-MaIN'DER, n. 1. Any thing left after the separation and 
removal of apart. Arbutk. 2. Relics ; remains ; the corpse 
of a human being ; [nbs.] 3. That which is left after a part 
is past. 4. The sum that is left after subtraction or after 
any deduction.— 5. In law, an estate Ihnited to take ef- 
frct and be enjoyed after another estate is determined. 

j- RE-MaIN'DER, a. Remaming ; refuse ; left ; as the re- 
mainder biscuit. Shak. 

RE-MaIN'DER-MAN, n. In law, he who has an estate after 
a particular estate is determined. Blackstone. 

RE-:iIaIN'ING, ppr. Continuing ; resting ; abiding for an 
indefinite time : being left. 

RE-MaINS', n.,phi. 1. That which is left after a part is 
separated, taken away or destroyed. 2. A dead body ; a 
corpse. 

RE-MaKE', v. t. ; pret. and pp. remade, [re and make.] To 
make anew. 

RE-MaND', v. t. [Fr. remander.] To call or send back him 
or that which i;S ordered to a place. 

RE-MaND'ED, pp. Called or sent back. 

RE-MAND'ING, ppr. Calling or sending back. 

REBl A-NENT, n. [L. remaiiens.] The part remaining. 

REM'A-NENT, a. Remaining. [Little used.] Taylor. 

RE-MARK', n. [Fr. remarque.] Notice or observation ; par- 
ticularly, notice or observation expressed in words or 
writing. 

RE-MaRK', v. t. [Fr. remarquer.] 1. To observe ; to note 
in the mind ; to take notice of without expression. 2. To 
express iu words or writing what one thinks or sees ; to 
express observations. 3. To mark ; to point out ; to dis- 
tinguish ; [ubs.] jililton. 

UE-MaRK'A-BLE, a. [Fr. remarquable.] 1. Observable; 
worthy of notice. 2. Extraordinary ; unusual ; that de- 
serves particular notice, or that may excite admiration or 
wonder. 

RE-MARK' A-BLE-NESS, ?i. Observableness ; worthiness 
of remark ; the quality of deserving notice. 

RE-MARK' A-BLY, adv. 1. In a manner or degree worthy 
of notice. 2. In an extraordinary manner. 

RE-MARK'ED, (re-markf) pp. Noticed ; observed ; ex- 
pressed in words or writing. 

RE-MARK'ER, n. An observer; one who makes remarks. 
Watts. 

RE-MARK'ING,ppr. Observing; takmg notice of ; express- 
ing in words or writing. 

RE-MAR'RIED, pp. Married again or a second time. 

RE-MAR'RY, v. t. [re and marry.] To marry again or a 
second time. Tindal. 

RE-MAR'RY-ING, ppr. Marrying again or a second time. 

RE-MAS'TI-€ATE, v. t. [re and masticate.] To chew or 
masticate again ; to chew over and over, as in chewing 
the cud. 



RE-MAS 'TI-€A-TED, pp. Chewed again or repeatedly. 
RE-MAS'TI-CA-TING, ppr. Chewmg again or over and 

over. 
RE-MAS-TI-€a'TION, n. The act of masticating again or 

repeatedly. 
REM'BLE, V. t. To move, or remove. Grose. 

* RE-Me'DI-A-BLE, a. [from remedy.] That may be reme- 

diedor cured. 

RE-Me'DI-AL, a. [li.remedialis.] Affording a remedy ; in- 
tended for a remedy, or for the removal of an evil. 

RE-Me'DI-ATE, in the sense of remedial, is not in use. 

REM'E-DiED,pjp. [fxova. remedy.] Ciu-ed ; healed ; repaired 

*RE-MED'I-LESS, a. 1. Not admitting a remedy; incur- 
able ; desperate. 2. Irreparable. 3. Not admitting change 
or reversal. 4. Not admitting recovery. South. 

* RE-ME1»'I-LESS-LY, adv. In a manner or degree that 
precludes a remedy. Clarendon 

* RE-MED'I-LESS-NESS, n. Incurableness. 
REM'E-DY, 71. [L. remedium ; Fi. remede.] 1. That which 

cures a disease ; any medicine or application which puts 
an end to disease and restores health. 2. That which 
counteracts an evil of any kind. 3. That which cures 
uneasiness. 4. That which repahs loss or disaster ; rep- 
aration. 

REM'E-DY, V. t. [Fr. remedier.] 1. To cure ; to heal. 2. 
To cure ; to remove, as an evil. 3. To repair ; to remove 
mischief. 

REM'E-DY-ING, ppr. Curing ; healing ; removing ; restor- 
ing from a bad to a good state. 

RE-MELT', V. t. [re and rnelt.] To melt a second time. 

RE-MELT'ED, jjp. Melted again. 

RE-MELT'ING, ppr. Melting again. 

RE-MEM'BER, v. t. [Norm, remembre ; Low L. rememoror.^ 
1. To have in the mind an idea which had been in the 
mind before, and which recurs to the mind without ef- 
fort. 2. When we use effort to recall an idea, we are said 
to recollect it. This distinction is not always observed. 
Hence remember is often used as synonymous with recol- 
lect, that is, to call to mind. We say, we cannot remem- 
ber a fact, wlien we mean, we cannot recollect it. 3. To 
bear or keep in mind ; to attend to. 4. To preserve the 
memory of; to preserve from being forgotten 5. To 
mention ; [obs.] 6. To put in mind ; to remind ; [obs.] 
7. To think of and consider ; to meditate. Ps. Ixiii. 8. 
To bear in mind with esteem ; or to reward. Eccles. ix. 
9. To bear in mind with praise or admiration ; to cele- 
brate. 1. Chron. xvi. 10. To bear in mind with favor, 
care, and regard for the safety or deliverance of any one. 
Ps. Ixxiv. 11. To bear in mind with intent to reward or 
punish. 3 John x. 12. To bear in mind with confidence ; 
to trust in. Ps. xx. 13. To bear in mind with the pur- 
pose of assisting or relieving. Oal. ii. 14. To bear in 
mind with reverence ; to obey. 15. To bear in mind with 
regard; to keep as sacred; to observe. — To remember 
mercy, is to exercise it. Hab. hi. 

RE-MEIM'BERED, pp. Kept in mind ; recollected. 

RE-MEM'BER-ER, n. One that remembers. Wotton. 

RE-MEM'BER-ING, ppr. Having in mind. 

RE-MEM'BRANCE, n. [Fr.] 1. The retaining or having in 
mind an ioea which had been present before, or an idea 
which had been previously received from an object when 
present, and which recurs to the mind afterwards without 
the presence of its object. Technically, remembrance dif- 
fers from reminiscence and recollection, as the former im- 
plies that an idea occurs to the mind spontaneously, or 
without much mental exertion. The latter imply the 
power or the act of recalling ideas which do not sponta- 
neously recur to the mind. 2. Transmission of a fact 
from one to another 3. Account preserved ; something 
to assist the memory. 4. Memorial. 5. A token by 
which one is kept in the memory. 6. Notice of some- 
thing absent. 7. Power of remembering ; limit of time 
within which a fact can be remembered. 8. Honorable 
memory ; [obs.] 9. Admonition. 10 Memorandum ; a 
note to help the memory. 

RE-MEM'BRAN-CER, n. 1. One that reminds, or revives 
the remembrance of any thing. 2. An officer in the ex- 
chequer of England, whose business is to record certain 
papers and proceedings, make out processes, &;c. ; a re- 
corder. 

I RE-MEM'0-RATE, v. t. [L. rememoratus, rememoror.] 
To remember ; to revive in the memory. 

t RE-MEM-O-Ra'TION, n. Remembrance. 

t RE-MER'CIE, ) t;.- t. [Fr. remercier.] To thank. Spen- 

tRE-MER€Y, \ ser. 

REM'I-GRATE, v. i. [L. rewigro.] To remove back again 
to a former place or state ; to return. 

REM-I-GRa'TION, 71. Removal back again ; a migration 
to a former place. Hale. 

RE-MIND', V. t. [re and mind.] 1. To put in mind ; to 
bring to the remembrance of. 2. To bring to notice or 
consideration. 

RE-MlND'ED, pp. Put in mind. 

RE-MiND'ING, ppr. Putting in mind ; calling attention to 



* Sue Synopsis. A, £, T, O, tJ, ^, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT j— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete 



REM < 

RE-MIND'ER, n. One who reminds ; an admonisher. 

EEM-I-IVIS'CENCE, n. [Fr, ; L. reminiscens.] 1. That 
faculty of the mind by which ideas formerly received 
into it, but forgotten, are recalled or revived iii the memo- 
ry. 2. Recollection ; recovery of ideas that had escaped 
from the memory. Hale. 

EEM-I-NIS'CENT, n. One who calls to mind and records 
past events. C. Butler. 

REM-I-NIS-CEN'TIAL, a. Pertaining to reminiscence or 
recollection. Brown. 

RE-MlSE', V. t. [Fr. remise ; L. remissus.] To give or 
grant back ; to release a claim ; to resign or surrender by 
deed. 

RE-MiS'ED, (re-mizd') pp. Released. 

RE-MlS'ING, ppr. Surrendering by deed. 

RE-MISS', a. [Fr. remis ; L. remissus.] 1. Slack ; dilatory j 
negligent ; not performing duty or business ; not comply- 
ing with engagements at all, or not in due time. 2. Slow ; 
slack ; languid. 3. Not intense. 

RE-MISS'I-BLE, a. That may be remitted or forgiven. 

RE-MIS'SION, n. [Fr. ; L. remissio.] 1. Abatement ; rel- 
axation ; moderation. 2. Abatement ; diminution of in- 
tensity. 3. Release ; discharge or relinquishment of a 
claim or right. — 4. In medicine, abatement ; a temporary 
subsidence of the force or violence of a disease or of pain. 
5. Forgiveness; pardon. 6. The act of sending back; 
[ohs.^ 

t RB-MISS'IVE, a. Forgiving ; pardoning. HacJcet. 

RE-MISS'LY, adv. 1. Carelessly ; negligently ; without close 
attention. 2. Slowly ; slackly ; not vigorously ; not with 
ardor. 

RE-MISS'NESS, n. Slackness; slowness; carelessness; 
negligence ; want of ardor or vigor ; coldness ; want of 
ardor ; want of punctuality. 

RE-MIT', V. t. [L. remitto ; Fr. remettre ; It. rimettere ; 
Sp. remitir.] 1. To relax, as intensity ; to make less tense 
or violent. 2 -To forgive ; to surrender the right of pun- 
ishing a crime. 3. To pardon, as a fault or crime. 4. To 
give up ; to resign. 5. To refer, tj. To send back. 7. 
To transmit money, bills or other thing in payment for 
goods received. 8. To restore. 

RE-MIT', v,i. 1. To slacken ; to become less intense or 
rigorous. 2. To abate in violence for a time, without in- 
termission. 

RE-MIT'MENT, n. 1. The act of remitting to custody. 2. 
Forgiveness ; pardon. Milton. 

RE-MIT'TAL, n. A remitting ; a giving up ; surrender. 
Swift. 

RE-M[T'TANCE, 71. I. In comTnerce, the act of transmit- 
ting money, bills or the like, to a distant place, in re- 
turn or payment for goods purchased. 2. The sum or 
thing remitted in payment. 

RE-MIT'TED, pp. R^elaxed ; forgiven ; pardoned ; sent 
back ; referred ; given up ; transmitted in payment. 

RE-MIT'TER, n. 1. One who remits, or makes remittance 
for payment.— 2. In law, the restitution of a more ancient 
and certain right to a person who has right to lands, but is 
out of possession and has afterwards the freehold cast 
upon him by some subsequent defective title, by virtue of 
which he enters. 3. One that pardons. 

REM'NANT, n. [contracted from remanent.} 1. Residue ; 
that which is left after the separation, removal or destruc- 
tion of a part. 2. That which remains after a part is 
done, performed, told or passed. 

REM'NANT, a. Remaining ; yet left. {Little used.] 

RE-MOD'EL, V. t. [re and model.] To model or fashion 
anew. 

RE-MOD'ELED, pp. Modeled anew. 

RE-MOD EL-ING, ppr. Modeling again. 

RE-MoLD', V. t. [re and 7)wld.] To mold or shape anew. 

RE-MoLD'ED, pp. Molded again. J. Barlow. 

RE-MoLD'ING, ppr. Molding anew. 

RE-MoLT'EN, a. or pp. [re and rnolten.] Melted again. 

RE-MON'STRANCE, n. [Fr. remontrance.] 1 Show ; dis- 
covery ; [ohs.] 2. Expostulation ; strong representation 
of reasons against a measure. 3. Pressing suggestions in 
opposition to a measure or act. 4. Expostulatory counsel 
or advice ; reproof. 

RE-MON STRANT, a. Expostulatory; urging strong reas- 
ons against an act. 

RE-MON'STRANT, n. One who remonstrates. The Ar- 
minians are called Remonstrants, because they remon- 
strated against the decisions of the Synod of Dort, in 
1618. 

RE-MON'STRATE, v. i. [L. remonstro ; Fr. remontrer.] 
1. To exhibit or present strong reasons against an act, 
measure or any course of proceedings ; to expostulate. 2. 
To suggest urgent reasons in opposition to a measure. 

RE-MON'STRATE, v. t. To show by a strong representa- 
tion of reasons. 

RE-MON'STRA-TING, ppr. Urging strong reasons against 
a measure. 

RE-MON-STRa-TION,«. The act of remonstrating. [L.u.] 

RE-MON'STRa-TOR, n. One who remonstrates. 



& REM 

REM'O-RA, n. IL.] 1. Delay ; obstacle ; hinderance ; [obs.] 
2. The sucking-fish, a species of echeneis, which is said to 
attach itself to the bottom or side of a ship and retard its 
motion. 

fREM'O-RATE, v.t. [h. remoror.] To hinder; to d& 
lay. 

f RE-MORD', V. t. [L. remordeo.] To rebuke; to excite to 
remorse. Skelton. 

fRE-MORD', 17. t. To feel remorse. Elyot. 

RE-MORD'EN-CY, n. Compunction ; remorse. 

* RE-MORSE', (re-mors') n. [L. remorsus.] 1 The keen 
pain or anguish excited by a sense of guilt ; compunction 
of conscience for a crime committed. 2. Sympathetic 
sorrow ; pity ; compassion. 

*t RE-MORS'ED, a. Feeling remorse or compunction. 
RE-MORSE'FUL, (re-mors'ful) a. 1. Full of remorse. 2. 

Compassionate; feeling tenderly ; [obs.] 3. Pitiable; [obs. 
*RE-MORSE'LESS, a. Unpitying ; cruel; insensible to 

distress. Milton. 

* RE-MORSE'LESS-LY, adv. Without remorse. South. 
*RE-MORSE'LESS-NESS, (re-mors'les-nes) n. Savage cru 

eltyj insensibility to distress. Beaumont, 
RE-MoTE', a. [L. remotus.] 1. Distant in place ; not near. 

2. Distant in time, past or future. 3. Distant ; not imme 
diate. 4. Distant; primary; not proximate. 5. Alien, 
foreign ; not agreeing with. 6. Abstracted. 7. Distant 
in consanguinity or affinity. 8. Slight ; inconsiderable. 

RE-MoTE'LY, adv. 1. At a distance in space or time ; not 
nearly. 2. At a distance in consanguinity or affinity 

3. Slightly ; in a small degree. 
RE-MoTE'NESS, n. 1 . State of being distant in space or 

time ; distance. 2. Distance in consanguinity or affinity. 
3. Distance in operation or efficiency. 4. Slightness ; 
smallness. 

RE-Mo'TION, n. The act of removing ; the state of being 
removed to a distance. [Little used.] Shak. 

RE-MOUNT', V. t. [Fr. remcnter.j To mount again. 

RE-MOUNT', V. i. To mount again ; to reascend. 

RE-MoV-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The capacity of being remova- 
ble from an office or station ; capacity of being displaced. 

RE-MOV'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be removed from an office 
or station. 2. That may be removed from one place to 
another. 

RE-MOV'AL, n. 1. The act of moving from one place to 
another for residence. 2. The act of displacing from an 
office or post. 3. The act of curing or putting away. 4. 
The state of being removed ; change of place. 5. The 
act of putting an end to 

RE-MoVE', V. t. [L. removeo ; Sp. remover.] 1. To cause 
to change place ; to put from its place in any manner. 2. 
To displace from an office. 3. To take or put away in 
any manner ; to cause to leave a person or thing ; to ban- 
ish or destroy. 4. To carry from one court to another 
5. To take from the present state of being. 

RE-MoVE', V. i. 1. To change place in any manner. 2. To 
go from one place to anotlier. 3. To change the place of 
residence. 

RE-MGVE', 71. 1, Change of place. Chapman. 2. Transla- 
tion of one to the place of another. 3. State of being re- 
moved. 4. Act of moving a man in chess or other game. 
5. Departure ; a going away. 6. The act of changing 
place ; removal. 7. A step in any scale of gradation. 8. 
Any indefinite distance. 9. The act of putting a horse's 
shoes on different feet. 10. A dish to be changed while 
the rest of the course remains. 11. Susceptibility of being 
removed ; [obs.] 

RE-MOVED, (re-moovd') pp. 1. Changed in place ; carried 
to a distance ; displaced from office ; placed far off. 2. a. 
Remote ; separate from others. 

RE-MOV'ED-NESS, n. State of being removed ; remote- 
ness. Shak. 

RE-M(5V'ER, 71. One that removes. Bacon. 

RE-M6V'ING, ppr. Changing place ; carrying or going 
fromone place to another ; displacing ; banishing. 

RE-MU'6I-ENT, a. [L. remugiens.] Rebellowing." Jl/bre. 

RE-MU-NER-A-BIL'l-TY, n. The capacity of being re- 
warded. 

RE-MtJ'NER-A-BLE, a. That may be rewarded; fit or 
proper to be recompensed. 

RE-MtJ'NER-ATE, v. t. [L. remunero.] To reward; to 
recompense ; to requite ; in a good sense ; to pay an equiv- 
alent to for any service, loss, expense or other sacrifice 

RE-MU'NER-A-TED, pp. Rewarded ; compensated. 

RE-Mu'NER-A-TING,;?;?r, Rewarding; recompensing 

RE-MU-NER-a'TION, w. 1. Reward; recompense; the act 
of paying an equivalent for services, loss or sacrifices. 2 
The equivalent given for services, loss or sufferings. 

RE-MtJ'NER-A-TiVE, a. Exercised in rewarding; that 
bestows rewards. Boyle, 

RE-Mu'NER-A-TO-RY, a. Affording recompense ; reward- 
ing. Johnson, 

RE-MUR'MUR, v, t. [L. remnrmuro.] To utter back in 
murmurs ; to return m murmurs ; to repeat in low, hoarse 
sounds. 



See Synopsis. MtiVE, BOOK, D6VE 
44 



-BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



REN 



690 



REN 



RE-MUR'MUR, v. i. To murmur back ; to return or echo 
in low, rumbling sounds. Dryden. 

HE-MUR'MURED, pp. Uttered back in murmurs. 

RE-MUR'MUR-ING, ppr. Uttering back in low sounds. 

Re'NAL, a. [L. renalis.] Pertaining to the kidneys or 
reins. 

REN'ARD, n. [Fr. ; G. reineke.] A fox ; a name used in fa- 
bles, but not m common discourse. Dryden. 

RE-NAS'CEN-CY, n. The state of springing or being pro- 
duced again. Brown. 

BE-NAS'CENT, a. [L. renascens ] Springing or rising into 
being again ; reproduced. 

RE-NAS'CI-BLE, <i. That may be reproduced; that may 
spring again into being. 

RE-NAV'1-GATE, v.t. To navigate again. 

RE-NAV'I-GA-TED, pp. Navigated again ; sailed over 
anew. 

RE-NAV'I-GA-TING, ppr. Navigating again. 

REN-€OUN'TER, n. [Fr. rencontre.'] 1. Literally, a meet- 
ing of two bodies. 2. A meeting in opposition or contest. 

3. A casual combat ; a sudden contest or fight without 
premeditation. 4. A casual action ; an engagement be- 
tween armies or fleets. 5. Any combat, action or en- 
gagement. 

REN-€OUN'TER, v. t. 1. To meet unexpectedly without 
enmitv or hostility. 2. To attack hand to hand. 

REN-€OUN'TER, v. i. 1. To meet an enemy unexpected- 
ly. 2. To clash ; to come in collision. 3. To skirmish 
with another. 4. To fight hand to hand. 

REND, V. t. ; pret. and pp. rent. [Sax. rendan, hrendan.] 1. 
To separate any substance into parts with force or sudden 
violence ; to tear asunder 5 to split. 2. To separate or 
part with violence. — To rend the heart, in Scripture, to 
have bitter sorrow for sin. Joel ii, — Rend differs some- 
what from lacerate. We never say, to lacerate a rock or 
a kingdom, when we mean to express splitting or divi- 
sion. Lacerate is properly applicable to the tearing off of 
small pieces of a thing, as, to lacerate the body with a 
whip or scourge ; or to the tearing of the flesh or other 
thing without entire separation. 

REND'ER, n. One that tears by violence. 

REN'DER, V. t. TF*- rendre ; It. rendere ; Sp. rendir ; Port. 
render.] 1. xo return; to payback. 2. To inflict, as a 
retribution. 3 To give on demand ; to give ; to assign. 

4. To make or cause to be, by some influence upon a 
thing, or by some change. 5. To translate, as from one 
language into another. 6. To surrender ; to yield or give 

' up the command or possession of. 7. To afford ; to give 

for use or benefit. 8. To represent ; to exhibit ; [obs.] — 

To render back, to return ; to restore, 
t REN'DER, V. i. To show ; to give an account. Shak. 
REN'DER, n. 1. A surrender ; a giving up. 2. A return ; 

a payment of rent. 3. An account given. 
REN'DER-A-BLE, a. That may be rendered. Sherwood. 
REN'DERED, pp. Returned ; paid back ; given ; assigned ; 

made ; translated ; surrendered ; aflbrded. 
REK'DER-ER, ?i. Restorer; distributer. Chapman. 
REN'DER-ING, ppr. Returning ; giving back ; assigning ; 

making; translating; surrendering; affordmg. 
REN'DER-ING, n. Version ; translation. Lowth. 

* REN'DEZ-VoUS, (ren'de-vooz) n. [Fr. rendei vous, 
render yourselves, repair to a place.} 1. A place appointed 
for the assembling of troops, or the place where they as- 
semble ; or the port or place where ships are ordered to 
join company. 2. A place of meeting, or a sign that 
draws men together. 3. An assembly ; a meeting. 
[Rarely used.] 

* REN'DEZ-VoUS, (ren'de-vooz) v. i. To assemble at a 
particular place, as troops. Hook. 

* REN'DEZ-VoUf5, (ren'de-vooz) v. t. To assemble or 
bring together at a certain place. Echard. 

* REN'DEZ-V5US-ING, ppr. Assembling at a particular 
place. 

REN'DI-BLE, a. 1. That may be yielded or surrendered. 
2. That may be translated. [Little used.] 

REN-DI"TION, n. [from render.] 1. The act of yielding 
possession ; surrender. Fairfax. 2. Translation. South. 

REN'E-GADE, ) n. [Sp., Port, renegado ; Fr. renegat.] 1. 

REN-E-Ga'DO, S An apostate from the faith. 2. One 
who deserts to an enemy ; a deserter. 3. A vagabond. 

f RE-Ne6E'. v. t. [L. renetro.] To deny; to disown. 

t RE-NeGE , V. i. To deny. Shak. 

RE-NERVE', (re-nerv') v. t. [re and nerve.] To nerve 
again ; to give new vigor to. J. Barlow. 

RE-NERVED, (re-nervd') pp. Nerved anew. 

RE-NERVING, ppr. Giving new vigor to. 

SE-NEW, V. t. [L. renovo ; or re and new.] 1. To reno- 
vate ; to restore to a former state, or to a good state, after 
decay or depravation ; to rebuild ; to repair. 2. To re- 
establish ; to confirm. 3. To make again. 4. To repeat. 
5. To revive. 6. To begin again. 7. To make new ; to 
make fresh or vigorous. — C. In theology, to make new ; to 
renovate ; to transforni. 

RE-NEVVA-BLE, a. That may be renewed. Swift. 



RE-NEW'AT<, n. 1. The act of renewing , the act of form- 
ing anew. 2. Renovation; regeneration. 3. Revival, 
restoration to a former or to a good state. 

RE-NEW'ED, (re-newd') pp. Made new again ; repaired ,• 
re-established ; repeated ; revived ; renovated. 

RE-NEW'ED-LY, adv. Anew ; again. United States. 

JiE-NE W'ED-NESS, n. State of being renewed. Hammond 

RE-NEW'ER, n. One who renews. Sherwood. 

RE-NEW'ING, ppr. 1. Making new again ; repairing ; re- 
establishing ; repeating ; reviving ; renovating. 2. a. 
Tending or adapted to renovate. 

RE-NEW'ING, n. The act of making new ; renewal. 

REN'I-FORM, a. [L. renes, an&form.] Having the form or 
shape of the kidneys. Kirwan. 

* REN'I-TENCE, / n. [L. rcnitens.] 1. The resistance of 

* REN'I-TEN-CY, ^ a body to pressure ; the eftort of 
matter to resume the place or form from which it has been 
driven by the impulse of other matter ; the eflect of elas- 
ticity. 2. Moral resistance ; reluctance. Darwin. 

* REN'I-TENT, a. Resisting pressure or the eflect of it ; 
acting against impulse by elastic force. Ray. 

REN'NET, n. [G. rinnen.] The concreted inilk found in 
the stomach of a sucking quadruped, particularly of the 
calf. It is also written runnet. 

RENNET-ING ( "' -^ kind of apple. Mortimer. 
RE-NOUNCE', (re-nouns') v. t. [Fr. renoncer; L. renundo.] 

1. To disown ; to disclaim ; to reject, as a title oi claim ; 
to refuse to own or acknowledge as belonging to. 2. I'o 
deny ; to cast off; to reject ; to disclaim. 3. To cast ofl' 
or reject, as a connection or possession ; to forsake. 

RE-NOUNCE', (re-nouns') v. i. 1. To declare a renuncia- 
tion ; [obs.] — 2. in cards, not to follow suit, when the 
person has a card of the same sort. 

RE-NOUNCE', (re-nouns') m. The declining to follow suit, 
when it can be done. 

RE-NOUN'CED, (re-nounsf) pp. Disowned ; denied ; re- 
jected ; disclaimed. 

RE-NOUNCE'MENT, (re-nouns'ment) n. The act of dis- 
claiming or rejecting"; renunciation. Shak. 

RE-NOUN'CER, n. One who disowns or disclaims. 

RE-NOUN'CING, ^;)r. Disowning; disclaiming; rejecting. 

RE-NOUN'CING, n. The act of disowning, disclaiming 
denying or rejecting. 

REN'O-VATE, v.t, [L. renovo.] To renew; to restore to 
the first state, or to a good state, after decay, destruction 
or depravation. 

RE^'0-VA-TED, pp. Renewed; made new, fresh or vig- 
orous. 

REN'0-VA-TING, ppr. Renewing. 

REN-O-Va'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. renovatio.] 1. The act of 
renewing ; a making new after decay, destruction or de- 
pravation ; renewal. 2. A state of being renewed. Milton. 

RE-NOWN', 7(. [Fr. renommee.] Fame; celebrity; exalted 
reputation derived from the extensive praise of great 
achievements or accomplishments. 

RE-NOWN', V. t. To make famous. [L. u.] Dryden. 

RE-NOWN'ED, (re-nownd') a. Famous ; celebrated for 
great and heroic achievements, for distinguished qualities, 
or for grandeur ; eminent. Dryden. 

RE-NOVl^N'ED-LY, adv. With fame or celebrity. 

RE-NO WN'LESS, a. With renown ; inglorious. 

RENT, pp. oi rend. Torn asunder; split or burst by vio- 
lence ; torn. 

RENT, 7J. 1. A fissure ; a break or breach made by force. 

2. A schism ; a separation. 
RENT, V. t. To tear. See Rend. 
t RENT, V. i. To rant. Hudibras. 

RENT, n. [Fr. re7ite ; Sp. renta ; D., Dan., G. rente.] A 
sum of money, or a certain amount of other valuable 
thing, issuing yearly from lands or tenements; a compen- 
sation or return, in the nature of an acknowledgment, for 
the possession of a corporeal inheritance. 

RENT, V. t. 1. To lease ; to grant the possession and en- 
joyment of lands or tenements for a consideration in the 
nature of rent. 2. To take and hold by lease the posses- 
sion of land or a tenement, for a consideration in the na- 
ture of rent. 

RENT, V. i. To be leased, or let for rent. 

RENT'A-BLE, a. That may be rented. 

t RENT'A6E, n. Rent. 

RENTAL, n. A schedule or account of rents. 

RENT'ED, pp. Leased on rent. 

RENT'ER, n. One who leases an estate ; more generally, 
the lessee or tenant who takes an estate or tenement on 
rent. 

RENT'ER, V.t. [Fr. rentraire.] 1. To fine-draw ; to sew- 
together the edges of two pieces of cloth without doubling 
them, so that the seam is scarcely visible. — 2. In tapestry, 
to work new warp into a piece of damaged tapestry, aiid 
on this to restore the original pattern or design. 3. To 
sew up artfully, as a rent. 

RENT'ERED, pp. Fine-drawn ; sewed artfully together. 

RENT'ER-ER, n. A fine-drawer. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, O Y Ion — FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete 



RE.l' 



691 



REP 



RENT'ER-ING, ppr. Fine-drawing ; sewing artfully to- 
getlier. 

RENT'ING, ppr. Leasing on rent ; taking on rent. 

RENT'-RoLL, n. [rent and roll.] A rental j a list or ac- 
count of rents or income. 

* RE-NUN-CI-A'TION, 7i. [L. renunciatio.] The act of re- 
nouncing ; a disowning ; rejection. Taylor. 

t REN- VERSE', (ren-vers') v. t. [Fr. renverser.] To re- 
verse. 

REN- VERSE', a. In heraldry, inverted ; set with the head 
djvvnward or contrary to the natural posture. 

t REN-VERSE'MENT, n. The act of reversing. 

J8,E-0B-Ta1N', v. t. [re and obtain.] To obtain again. 

RE-OB-TaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be obtained again. 

RE-OB-TaIN'ED, (re-ob-taind') pp. Obtained again. 

RE-OB- TaIN'ING, ppr. Obtaining again. 

RE-OP-PqSE', V. t. To oppose again. 

RE-0R-Da1N', v. t. [re and ordain ; Fr. reordonner.] To 
ordain again, as when the first ordination is defective. 

RE-0R-Da1N'£D, (re-or-daind') pp. Ordained again. 

RE-OR-DaIN'ING, ppr Ordaining again. 

RE-OR-D1-Na'TION, n. A second ordination. 

RE-OR-GAN-I-Za'TION, n. The act of organizing anew. 

RE-OR'GAN-IZE, v. t. [re and organize.] To organize 
anew j to reduce again to a regular body, or to a sys- 
"tem. 

RE-OR'GAN-IZED, pp. Organized anew. 

RE-OR'GAN-lZ-ING, ppr. Organizing anew. 

RE-PAC'I-FlED, pp. Pacified or appeased again. 

RE-PAC'I-FY, v.t. [re andi pacify.] To pacify again. 

RE-PAC'I-Fy-ING, ppr. Pacifying again. 

RE-Pi\€K', V. t. [re and pack.] To pack a second time ; as, 
to repack beef or pork. 

RE-PAGK'ED, (re-pakf) pp. Packed again. 

RE-PA€K'ER, n. One that repacks. 

RE-PA€K'ING, ppr. Packing anew. 

RE-PaID', pp. of repay. Paid back. 

RE-PAIR', V. t. [Fr. reparer ; L. reparo.] 1. To restore 
to a sound or good state after decay, injury, dilapi- 
dation or partial destruction. 2. To rebuild a part de- 
cayed or destroyed ; to fill up. 3. To make amends, as 
for an injury, by an equivalent ; to indemnify for. 

RE-PAIR', n. Restoration to a sound or good state after 
decay, waste, injury or partial destruction ; supply of 
loss ; reparation. 

RE-PAIR', V. i. [Fr. repairer.] To go to 3 to betake one's 
self; to resort. Pope. 

RE-PAIR', n. The act of betaking one's self to any place ; 
a resorting ; abode. Dryden. ' 

RE-PAIR'A-BLE, a. That may be repaired ; reparable. 

RE-PAIR'ED, (re-paird') pp. Restored to a good or sound 
state ; rebuilt ; made good. 

RE-PAIR ER, n. One who repairs or makes amends. 

RE-PAIR'ING, ppr. Restoring to a sound state ; rebuilding ; 
making amends for loss or injury. 

RE-PAND', a. [L. repandns.] In botany, a repand leaf is 
one, the rim of which is terminated by angles having 
sinuses between them, inscribed in the segment of a circle. 

RE-PAND'OUS, a. Bent upwards ; convexedlv crooked. 

REP'A-RA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. reparahilis.] I. That may be 
repaired or restored to a sound or good state. 2. That 
may be retrieved or made good. 3. That may be supplied 
by an equivalent. 

REP'A-RA-BLY, adv. In a manner admitting of restora- 
tion to a good state, or of amends, supply or indemnifi- 
cation. 

REP-A-Ra'TION, n. 1. The act of repairing ; restoration 
to soundness or a good state. 2. Supply of what is wast- 
ed. 3. Amends ; indemnification for loss or damage. 4, 
Amends ; satisfaction for injury. 

RE-PAR'A-TiVE, a. That repairs ; restoring to a sound or 
good state ; that amends defect or makes good. 

SE-PAPv'A-TiVE, n. That which restores to a good state ; 
that which makes amends. Wotton. 

REP-AR-TEEi, K. [Fr. reparfie.] A smart, ready and witty 
reply. Prior. 

itEP-AR-TEE', V. i. To make smart and witty replies. 

RE-PASS', V. t. [Fr. repasser ; re and pass.] To pass again ; 
to pass or travel back. Pope. 

RE-PaSS', v. i. To pass or go back ; to move back. 

RE-PASS'ED, (re-pasf) pp. Passed or traveled back. 

RE-PaSS'ING, ppr. Passing back. 

RE-PaST', n. [Fr. repas, from repaUre ; L. re and pasco, 
to feed.] 1. The act of taking food ; or the food taken ; a 
meal. 2. Food ; victuals. 

RE-FaST', i\t. To feed 3 to /east. 

t RE-PaST'URE, n. Food ; entertainment. Shak. 

f RE-PAT'Rl-ATE, or f R£-Pa'TRI-ATE, v. t. [Fr. re- 
patrier ; re, and L. patria.] To restore to ojie's own home 
or country. Cot^rrave. 

RE-PAY', V. t. [Fr. repayer ; re and pa?/.] 1. To pay back ; 
to refund. 2. To make return or requital, in a good or 
bad sense. 3. To recompense, as for a loss. 4. To com- 
pensate. 



RE-PAY' A-BLE, a. That is to be repaid or refunded. 

RE-PaY'ING, ppr. Paying back ; compensating ; requiting 

RE-PaY'MENT, n. 1. The act of paying back ; reimburse- 
meiit. 2. The money or other tiring repaid. 

RE-PeAL', v. t. [Fr. rappelei ; L. appailo.] 1. To recall. 
2. To recall, as a deed, will, law or statute j to revoke, 
to abrogate by an authoritative act, or by the same power 
that_made or enacted. 

RE-PeAL', n. Recall from exile; [obs.] 2. Revocation; 
abrogation. 

RE-PEAL- A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being repealable 

RE-PeAL'A-BLE, a. Capable of being repealed ; revocable 
by the same pov/er that enacted. 

RE-PeAL'ED, (re-peeld') pp. Revoked ; abrogated. 

RE-PeAL'ER, 71. One that repeals. 

RE-PeAL'ING, ppr. Revoking ; abrogating. 

RE-PeAT', v. t. [Fr. repeter ; It. ripetere ; Sp. repetir ; L 
repetc] 1. To do, make, attempt or utter again; to 
iterate. 2. To try agam. 3. To recite ; to rehearse. 

RE-PeAT', n. 1. In music, a mark directing a part to be 
repeated in performance. 2. Repetition. 

RE-PeAT'E.D, pp Done, attempted or spoken again ; re- 
cited. 

RE-PeAT'ED-LY, adv. More than once ; again and again, 
indefinitely. 

RE-PeAT'ER, n. 1. One that repeats ; one that recites O'" 
rehearses. 2. A watch that strikes the hom^ at wUl, by 
the compression of a spring. ' 

RE-PeAT'ING, ppr. Doing or uttering again. 

t REP-E-DA'TION, n. [Low L. repedo.] A stepping or 
going back. More. 

RE-PEL', V. t. [L. repello.] 1. To drive back ; to force to 
return ; to check advance. 2. To resist ; to oppose. 

RE-PEL', V. i. 1. To act with force in opposition to force 
impressed. — 2. In medicine, to check an afflux to a part of 
the body. 

RE-PEL'LED, (re-peld') pp. Driven back ; resisted. 

RE-PEL'LEN-CY, n. 1. The principle of repulsion ; the 
quality of a substance which expands or separates parti- 
cles and enlarges the volume. 2. Tlie quality tliat repels 
drives back or resists approach. 3. Repulsive quality. 

RE-PEL'LENT, a. Driving back ; able or tending to repel 

RE-PEL'LENT, n. In medicine, a medicine which drives 
back morbid humors into the mass of the blood, from 
which thev were undulv secreted ; a discutient. 

RE-PEL'LER, n. He or that which repels. 

RE-PEL'LIN^G, ppr. Driving back ; resisting approach. 

Re'PENT, a. [ii.repo.] Creeping; as, a re^e/jt root. 

RE-PENT', V. i. [Fr. repentir ; It. pentire, pentirsi ; Sp. 
arrepentirse.] 1. To feel pain, sorrow or regret for some- 
thing done or spoken. 2. To expiess sorrow for some- 
thing past. 3. To change the mind in consequence of 
the inconvenience or injury done by past conduct. — i. 
.Applied to the Supreme Being, to change the course of 
providential dealings. Gen. vl. — 5. In theology, to sorrow 
or be pained for sin, as a violation of God's holy law, a 
dishonor to his character and government, and the foulest 
ingratitude to a Being of infinite benevolence. 

RE-PENT', V. t. 1. To remember with sorrow. 2. With 
the reciprocal pronoun ; [Fr. se repentir ;] Jer. viii. ; [obs.] 

RE-PENT'ANCE, n. [Ft.] 1. Sorrow for any thing done 
or said ; the pain or grief which a person experiences in 
consequence of the injury or inconvenience produced by 
his own conduct. — 2. In theology, real penitence ; sorrow 
or deep contiition for sin, as an"ofFense and dishonor to 
God, a violation of his holy law, and the basest ingrati- 
tude towards a Being of infinite benevolence. 

RE-PENT' ANT, a. [Fr.] I. Sorrowful for past conduct 01 
words. 2. Sorrowful for sin. 3. Expressing or showing 
sorrow for sin. 

RE-PENT'ANT, n. 1. One who repents ; a penitent. 2. 
One that expresses sorrow for sin. Lightfoot. 

RE-PENT'EK, n. One that repents. 

RE-PENT'ING, ppr. Grieving for what is past : feeling 
pain or contrition for sin. 

RE-PENT'ING, n. Act of repentuig. Hos.xl. 

RE-PENT'ING-LY, adv. With repentance. 

RE-PeO'PLE, v. t. [re and people ; Fr. repevpler.] To 
people anew ; to furnish again with a stock of people. 

RE-PeO'PLED, pp. Stocked anew with inhabitants. 

RE-PeO PIJNG, ppr. Furnishing again with a stock of 
inhabitants. 

RE-PeOPLING, n. The act of furnishing again with in- 
habitants. Hale. 

RE-PER-CUSS', v. t. [L. repercutio.] To beat back. 

RE-PER-CUS SION, n. [L. repercussio.] 1. The act of 
driving back ; reverberation. — ^2. In music, frequent repe- 
tition of the same sound. 

RE-PER-€USS'IVE, a. 1. Driving back ; having the power 
of sending back ; causing to reverberate. 2. Repellent ; 
[obs.] 3. Driven back ; reverberated. 

t RE-PER-€TJSS'IVE, n. A repellent. Bacon. 

t RE-PER-Tl"TIOUS, a. [from L. repertus.] Found ; 
gained by finding. Diet. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE 5— BULL UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J : S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



REP 



HEP 



REP'ER-TO-RY, n. [Pr. repertoire ; L. repertorium.] 1. 
A place in which things are disposed in an orderly man- 
ner, so that they can be easily found, as the index of a 
book, a common-place book, &c. 2. A treasury ; a mag- 
azine. 

REP-E-TEND', n. [L. repetendus.] The parts of decimals 
continually repeated. 

REP-E-Tl' TION, n. [L. repetitio.] 1. The act of doing or 
uttering a second time ; iteration of the same act, or of 
the same words or sounds. 2. The act of reciting or re- 
hearsing ; the act of reading over. 3. Recital. 4. Recital 
from memory. — 5. In music, the art of repeating, singing 
or playing the same part a second time. — 6. In rhetoric, 
reiteration, or a repeating the same word, or the same 
sense in different words, for the purpose of making a 
deeper impression on the audience. 

REP-E-Ti"TION-AL, ) a. Containing repetition. [Little 

REP-E-Tl"TION-A-RY, \ used.] 

REP-E-Tl' TIOUS, a. Having repetitions. [Little used.] 

RE-PINE', V. i. [re and pine.] I. To fret one's self; to be 
discontented ; to feel inward discontent which preys on 
the spirits. 2. To complain discontentedly ; to murmur. 
3. To envy. 

RE-PIN'ER, 71. One that re[^nes or murmurs. 

RE-PlN'ING, ppr. 1. Fretting one's self; feeling discon- 
tent that preys on the spirits ; complaining ; murmuring. 
2. a_. Disposed to murmur or complain. 

RE-PIN 'ING, 11. The act of fretting or feeling discontent or 
of niurmuring. Burnet. 

RE-PlN'ING-LY, adv. With murmuring or complaint. Hall. 

RE-PLaCE', v. t. [Fi. replacer j re and place.] 1. To put 
again in the former place. 2. To put in a new place. 3. 
To repay ; to refund. 4. To put a competent substitute 
in the place of another displaced or of something lost. 

RE-PLa'CED, (re-plasf) pp. Put again in a former place ; 
supplied by a substitute. 
, RE-PLaCE'MENT, 11. The act of replacing. 

RE-PLa'CING, ppr. Putting again in a former place ; sup- 
plying the place of with a substitute. 

RE-PLaIT', v. t. [re ami plait.] To plait or fold again; to 
fold one part over another again and again. Drydeii. 

RE-PLaIT'ED, pp. Folded again or often. 

RE-PLaIT'ING, ppr. Folding again or often. 

RE-PLANT', V. t. [Fr. replauter.] To plant again. 

RE-PLANT'A-BLE, a. That may be planted again. 

RE-PLAN-Ta'TION, 11. The act of planting again. 

RE-PLANT'ED, vp. Planted anew. 

RE-PLANTTNG, ppr. Planting again. 

RE-PLeAD', v. t. [re and plead.] To plead again. 

RE-PLeAD'ER, 71. In law, a second pleading or course of 
/ pleadings; or the power of pleading again. 

RE-PLEN'ISH, v. t. [Norm, replencr.] 1. To fill ; to stock 
with numbers or abundance. 2. To finish ; to complete ; 
[obs.] 

RE-PLEN'ISH, V. i. To recover former fullness. Bacon. 

RE-PLEN'ISHED, pp. Filled ; abundantly supplied. 

RE-PLEN'ISH-ING, ppr. Filling; supplying with abun 
dance. 

RE-PLeTE', a. [L. repletus.] Completely filled ; full. 

RE-PLe'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. repletio.] 1. The state of being 
completely filled ; or superabundant fullness. — 2. In medi- 
cine, fullness of blood ; plethora. 

RE-PLe'TIVE, a. Filling; replenishing. Cotgrave. 

f RE-PLe'TIVE-LY, adv. So as to be filled. 

RE-PLEV'I-A-BLE, a. In law, that may be replevied. 

RE-PLEV'IED, pp. Taken by a writ of replevin. 

RE-PLEVIN, 71. 1. An action or remedy granted on a 
distress, by which a persOii whose cattle or goods are dis- 
trained, has them returned to his own possession upon 
giving security to try the right of taking in a suit at law, 
and if that should be determined against him, to return 
the cattle or goods into the possession of the distrainor. 
2. The writ by which a distress is replevied. 

RE-PLEV'I-SA-BLE, a. That may be replevied. 

RE-PLEV'Y, v. t. [re and pledge ; Law L. replegiare.^ 1. 
To take back, by a writ for that purpose, cattle or goods 
that have been distrained, upon giving security to try the 
right of distraining in a suit at law, and if that should be 
determined against the plaintiff, to return the cattle or 
goods into the hands of the distrainor. 2. To bail. 

RE-PLEVYf-TNG, ppr Retaking a distress. 

REP-LI-Ca'TION, 11. [L. replicatio.] 1. An answer; a 
reply. Particularly, 2. In lato pleadings, the reply of 
the plaintiff to the defendant's plea. 3. Return or reper- 
cussion of sound; [obs.] 

RE-PLl'ER, 71. One who answers ; he that speaks or writes 
in return to something spoken or written. 

RE-PL"?', 7>. i. [Fr.repliquer ; li. replico ; It. replicare : Sp. 
replicar.] 1. To answer ; to make a return in words or 
writing to something said or written by another. — 2. In 
law, to answer a defendant's plea. 

RE-PLY', V. t. To return fot an answer. 

RE-PL^Y', 71. [Fr. repliqiie , It. replica.] 1. An answer ; 
that which is said or wriUen in answer to what is said or 



written by another. 9. A book or pamphlet written in 

answer to another. 

RE-PLY'ING, ppr. Answering either in words or writing 

RE-POL'ISH, V. t. [Fr. repolir ; re and polish.] To polisJi 
again. Donne. 

RE-POL'ISHED, pp. Polished again. 

RE-POL'ISH-ING, ppr. Polishing anew. 

RE-PoRT', V. t. [Fr. rapporter ; L. reyorto.] 1. To beai 
or bring back an answer, or to relate what has been dis- 
covered by a person sent to examine, explore or investi- 
gate. 2. To give an account of; to relate ; to tell. 3. To 
tell or relate from one to another ; to circulate publicly, as 
a story. 4. To give an official account or statement. 5 
To give an account or statement of cases and decisions in 
a court of law or chancery. 6. To return, as sound ; to 
give back. — To be reported, or to be reported of, to be well 
or ill spoken of. 

RE-PoRT', V. i. To make a statement of facts. 

RE-PoRT', 71. 1. An account returned ; a statement or re- 
lation of facts given in reply to inquiry, or by a person 
authorized to examine and make return to liis employer. 
2. Rumor ; common fame ; story circulated. 3. Repute ; 
public character. 4. Account ; story ; relation. 5. 
Sound ; noise. 6. An account or statement of a judicial 
opinion or decision, or of a case argued and determined 
in a court of law, chancery, &c. 7. An official statement 
of facts, verbal or written ; particularly, a statement in 
writing of proceedings and facts exhibited by an officer to 
his superiors. 

RE-PoRT'ED, pp. Told, related or stated in answer to in- 
quiry or direction ; circulated in popular rumors ; reputed 
stated officially. 

RE-PoRT'ER, n. 1. One that gives an account, verbal or 
written, official or unofficial. 2. An officer or person who 
makes statements of law proceedings and decisions, or 
of legislative debates. 

RE-PoRT'ING, ppr. Giving account ; relating ; presenting 
statements of facts or of adjudged cases in law. 

RE-PoRT'ING-LY, adv. By report or common fame. 

RE-PoS'AL, 71. The act of reposing or resting. Shak. 

fRE-PoS'ANCE, 71. Reliance. J.Hall. 

RE-PoSE', V. t. [Fr. reposer; It. riposare ; Sp. reposar.] 
1. To lay at rest. 2. To lay ; to rest, as the mind, in 
confidence or trust. 3. To lay up ; to deposit ; to lodge. 
4. Tjo place in confidence. 

RE-PoSE', V. i. 1. To lie at rest ; to sleep. 2. To rest in 
confidence. 3. To lie ; to rest. 

RE-PoSE', n. [Fr. repos.] 1. A lying at rest. 2. Sleep; 
rest ; quiet. 3. Rest of mind ; tranquillity ; freedom from 
uneasiness. 4. Cause of rest. — 5. In poetry, a rest ; a 
pause. — 6. In painting, harmony of colors, as when 
nothing glaring appears. Oilpin. 

RE-PoS'ED, (re-p6zd') pp. Laid at rest ; placed in confi- 
dcncG 

RE-POS'ED-NESS, n. State of being at rest. 

RE-PoS'ING, ppr. Laying at rest; placing in confidence : 
lying at rest ; sleeping. 

RE-POS'IT, V. t. [L. repositv^.] To lay up ; to lodge, as 
for safety or preservation. Derham. 

RE-POS'IT-ED, pp. Laid up ; deposited for safety or pres- 
ervation. 

RE-POS'IT-ING, ppr. Laying up or lodging for safety or 
preservation. 

RE-PO-Sl"TION, 71. The act of replacing. Wiseman. 

RE-POST-TO-RY, n [L. repositorium.] A place where 
things are or may be deposited for safety or preservation. 

RE-POS-SESS', V. t. [re and possess.] To possess again.— 
To repossess one\t self, to obtain possession again. 

RE-POS-SESS'ED, (re-pos-sesf) pp Possessed again. 

RE-POS-SESS'ING, ppr. Possessing again ; obtaining pos- 
session again. 

RE-POS-SES'SION, n The act of possessing again ; the 
state of possessing again. 

RE-PoUR', V. t. [re and pour.] To pour again. 

REP-RE-HEND', t>. «. [h. reprehendo ; Ft. reprendre.] L 
To chide ; to reprove. 2. To blame ; to censure. 3. To 
detect of fallacy ; [obs.] 4. To accuse ; to charge with a 
fault. Bacon 

REP-RE-HEND'ED, pp. Reproved ; blamed. - 

REP-RE-HENDER, n. One that reprehends; one that 
blames or reproves. Hooker. 

REP-RE -HEND'ING, ppr. Reproving ; blaming. 

REP-RE-HEN'SI-BLE, a. [Fr.; L. reprehensus.] Hamable ; 
culpable ; censurable ; deserving reproof. 

REP-RE-HEN'SI-BLE-NESS, n. Blamableness ; culpable- 

REP-RE-HEN'SI-BLY, adv. Culpably ; in a manner to de- 
serve censure or reproof. 

REP-RE-HEN'SION, n. [Fr.; L. reprchensio.] Reproof; 
censure ; open blame. 

REP-RE-HEN'SIVE, a. Containing reproof. South. 

REP-RE-HEN'SO-RY, a. Containing reproof. Boswell. 

REP-RE-SENT', v. t. [Fr. representer ; L. reprcBsento.] 1. 
To show or exhibit by resemblance. 2. To describe ; to 



f>» ^^ivwsis. A,E, I, O, tJ, Y, long.—FAVi, FALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— ■? Obsolete 



REP 



693 



REP 



exhibit to the mind in words. 3. To exhibit ; to show by 
action. 4. To personate ; to act the character or to fill the 
place of another in a plaj'. 5. To supply the place of; to 
act as a substitute for another. 6. To show by argu- 
ments, reasoning or statement of facts. 7. To stand in 
the place of, in the right of inheritance. 
REP-RE-SENT'ANCE, n. Representation ; likeness. 

*REP-RE-SENT'ANT, 71. A representative. Wotton. 

UEP-RE-SENT-A'TION, n. 1. The act of representing, 
describing or showing. 2. That which exhibits by re- 
semblance j image, likeness, picture or statue. 3. Any 
exhibition of the form or operations of a thing by some- 
thing resembling it. 4. Exhibition, as of a play on the 
stage. 5. Exhibition of a character in theatrical per- 
formance. 6. Verbal description ; statement of arguments 
or facts. 7. The business of acting as a substitute for 
another. 8. Representatives, as a collective body. 9. 
Public exhibition. 10. The standing in the place of ano- 
ther, as an heir, or in the right of taking by inheritance. 

KEP-RE-SENT'A-TlVE, a. [Fr. representatif.] 1. Exhib- 
iting a similitude. 2. Bearing the character or power of 
another. 

REP-RE-SENT' A-TlVE, n. 1. One that exhibits the like- 
ness of another. — 2. In legislative or other business, an 
agent, deputy or substitute who supplies the place of 
another or others, being invested with his or their author- 
ity. — 3. In law, one that stands in the place of another 
as lieir, or in the right of succeeding to an estate of in- 
heritance, or to a crown. 4. That by which any thing 
is exhibited or shown. 

REP-RE-SENT' A-TiVE-LY, adv. 1. In the character of 
another; by a representative. 2. By substitution; by 
delegation of power. 

REP-RE-SENT' A-TIVE-NESS, n. The state or quality of 
being representative. Spectator. 

REP-RE-SENT'ED, pp. Shown ; exhibited ; personated ; 
described ; stated ; having substitutes. 

REP-RE-SENT'ER, n. 1. One who shows, exhibits or de- 
scribes. 2. A representative ; one that acts by deputation ; 
[little used.] 

REP-RE-SENT'ING, ppr. Showing ; exhibiting ; de- 
scribing ; acting in another's character. 

REP-RE-SENT'MENT, n. Representation; image; an 
idea proposed as exhibiting the likeness of something. 

UE-PRESS', ?;. t. [h. repressus.] 1. To crush; to quell; to 
put down ; to subdue ; to suppress. 2. To check ; to 
restrain. 

f RE-PRESS', 11. The act of subduing. 

ilE-PRESS'ED, (re-presf) p;). Crushed; subdued. 

RE-PRESS'ER, n. One that crushes or subdues. 

RE-PRESS'ING, p2>r. Crushing; subduing; checking. 

RE-PRES'SION, 71. 1. The act of subduing. 2. Check ; re- 
straint. 

RE-PRESS'IVE, a. Having power to crush ; tending to 
subdue or restrain. 

t RE-PRIe'VAL, 71. Respit ; reprieve. Overbury. 

RE-PRIkVE', v. t. [Fr. reprendre, repris.] 1. To respit af- 
ter sentence of death ; to suspend or delay the execution 
of for a time, 2. To grant a respit to ; to relieve for a 
time from any suffering. 

RE-PRIeVE', 71. 1. The temporary suspension of the exe- 
cution of sentence of death on a criminal. 2. Respit; 
interval of ease or relief. 

RE-PRIeV'ED, (re-preevd') pp. Respited ; allowed a longer 
time to live than the sentence of death permits. 

RE-PRIeV'ING, ppr. Respiting; suspending the execu- 
tion of for a time. 

REP'RI-MAND, v. t. [Fr. reprimander.] 1. To reprove 
severely ; to reprehend ; to chide for a fault. 2. To re- 
prove publicly and officially, in execution of a sentence. 

REP'RI-MAND, n. Severe reproof for a fault; reprehen- 
sion, private or public. Spectator. 

REP'RI-MAND-ED, pp. Severely reproved. 

REP'RI-MAND-ING, ppr. Reproving severely. 

RE-PRINT', V. t. [re and pnnt.] 1. To print again ; to print 
a second or any new edition. Pope. 2. To renew the im- 
pression of any thing. South. 

Re'PRINT, n. A second or a new edition of a book. 

RE-PRINT'ED, pj>. Printei anew; impressed again. 

RE-PRINT'ING, ;>pr. Priiiiiig again; renewing an im- 
pression. 

RE-PRTS'AL, 71. [Fr. represailles ; It. ripresaglia ; Sp. 
represalia ] 1. The seizure or taking of any thing from 
an enemy by way of retaliation or indemnification for 
tomething taken or detained by him. 2. That which is 
taken from an enemy to indemnify an owner for some- 
thing of his which the enemy has seized. 3. Recaption. 
4. The act of retorting on an enemy by inflicting suffer- 
ing or death on a prisoner taken from him, in retaliation 
of an act of inhumanity. Vattel. 

t REPRISE', 71. [Fr.] A taking by way of retaliation. 

RE-PRlSE', v.t. 1. To take again. Spenser. 2. To recom- 
pense ; to pay. Grant. 



RE-PRIZ'ES, n. plu. In law, yearly deductions out ot a 
manor, as rent-charge, rent-seek, &c. Jones. 

RE-PRoACH', V. t. [Fr. reprocher ; It. rimprocciare.] 1. To 
censure in terms of opprobrium or contempt. 2. To 
charge with a fault in severe language. 3. To upbraid ; 
to suggest blame for any thing. 4. To treat with scorn or 
contempt. Luke vi. 

RE-PRoACH', n. 1. Censure mingled with contempt or 
derision ; contmnelious or opprobrious language towards 
any person ; abusive reflections. 2. Shame ; infamy ; 
disgrace. 3. Object of contempt, scorn or derision. 4. 
That which is the cause of shame or disgrace. Oen. xxx. 

RE-PR6ACH'A-BLE, a. 1. Deserving reproach. 2. Op- 
probrious ; scurrilous; [not proper.] Elyut. 

RE-PRoACH'ED, (re-prochf) pp. Censured in terms of 
contempt ; upbraided. 

RE-PRoACH'FUL, a. 1. Expressing censure wiiii con- 
tempt ; scurrilous ; opprobrious. 2. Shameful ; bringing 
or cashing reproach ; infamous ; base ; vile. 

RE-PROACH'FUL-LY, adv. 1. In terms of reproach ; op- 
probriously ; scurrilously. 1 Tim. v. 2. Shamefully; dis- 
gracefully ; contemptuously. 

REP'RO-BATE, a. [E. reprubatus.] 1. Not enduring proof 
or trial : not of standard purity or fineness ; disallowed ; 
rejected. 2. Abandoned iu sin ; lost to virtue or grace. 
3. Abandoned to error, or in apostasy. 

REP'RO-BATE, n. A person abandoned to sin ; one lost 
to virtue and religion. Raleigh. 

REP'RO-BATE, v.t. 1. To disapprove with detestation or 
marks of extreme dislike ; to disallow ; to reject. It ex- 
presses more than disapprove or disallow. We disapprove 
of slight faults and improprieties ; we reprobate what is 
mean or criminal. 2. In a milder sense, to disallow. 3. 
To abandon to wickedness and eternal destruction. 4. To 
abandon to his sentence, without hope of pardon. 

REP'RO-BA-TED, pp. Disapproved with abhorrence; re- 
jected ; abandoned to wickedness or to destruction. 

REP'RO-BATE-NESS, n. The state of being reprobate. 

REP'RO-BA-TER, n. One that reprobates. 

REP'RO-BA-TING, ppr. Disapproving with extreme dis- 
like ; rejecting ; abandoning to wickedness or to destruc- 
tion. 

REP-RO-Ba'TION, 7K [¥y.; L.. reprobatio.] 1. The act of 
disallowing with detestation, or of expressing extreme 
dislike. 2. The act of abandoning or state of being aban- 
doned to eternal destruction. 3. A condemnatory sen- 
tence; rejection. 

REP-RO-Ba'TION-ER, 7j. One who abandons others tc 
eternal destruction. South. 

RE-PRO-DuCE', V. t. [re and produce.] To produce again 
to renew the production of a thing destroyed. 

RE-PRO-Du'CED, (re-pro-dusf) pp. Produced anew. 

RE-PRO-Du'CER, n. One or thativhich reproduces. 

RE-PRO-DtJ'CING, ppr. Producing anew. 

RE-PRO-DU€'TION, n. The act or process of reproducing 
that which has been destroyed. 

RE-PROOF', 71. [from reprove.] 1. Blame expressed to the 
face ; censure for a fault ; reprehension. 2. Blame'cast ; 
censure directed to a person. 

RE-PRoV'A-BLE, a. [from reprove.] Worthy of reproof; 
deserving censure ; blamable. Taylor. 

RE-PRoVE', V. t. [Fr. reprouvr-r : L. reprobo.] 1. To 
blame ; to censure. 2. To charge with a fault to the face ; 
to chide ; to reprehend. Luke iii. 3. To blame for. 4. To 
convince of a fault, or to make it manffest. John xvi. 
5. To refute ; to disprove ; [obs.] 6. To excite a sense of 
guilt. 7. To manifest silent disapprobation or blame. 

RE-PR(3V'ED, (re-proovd') pp. Blamed; reprehended ; con 
vinced of a fault. 

RE-PR5V'ER, 77. One that reproves ; he or that which 
blames. South. 

RE-PROVING, ppr. Blaming ; censuring. 

RE-PRuNE', V. t. [re and prune.] To prune a second 
time._ 

RE-PRuN'ED, pp. Pruned a second time. 

RE-PRUN'ING, ppr. Pruning a second time. 

REPTILE, a. [Fr.; L. reptilis.] 1. Creeping; moving on 
the belly, or with many small feet. 2. Groveling ; low; 
vulgar. 

REP'TiLE, 7!. 1. An animal that moves on its belly, or by 
means of small, short legs, as earth-worms, caterpillars, 
snakes and the like. 2. A groveluig or very mean per- 
son ; a term of contempt. 

RE-PUB'LI€, 77. [Li. respitblica.] 1. A commonwealth; a 
state in which the exercise of the sovereign power is 
lodged in representatives elected by the people. 2. Com- 
mon interest ; the public ; [obs.] — Republic of letters, the 
collective body of learned men. 

RE-PUB'LI-€AN, a. 1. Pertaining to a republic ; consisting 
of a commonwealth. 2. Consonant to the principles of a 
republic. 

RE-PUB'LI-CAN, n. One who favors or prefers a republican 
form of government. 

RE-PUB'LI-eAN-ISM, n. I. A republican form or systeirj 



• See Synopsis. M5VE, BQQK, D6VfJ j— BIJIjL, UNITE.^e as K j 6 as J ; S asZ ; CB as SH j TH as in ai*. t Obs»lete 



REQ 



694 



RES 



of government. 2. Attachment to a republican form of 
government. 
IIE-PUB'LI-GAN iZE, v. t. To convert to republican prin- 
ciples. Ramsay. 
RE-PUB-LI-Ca'TION, m. {re B.nA publication.'] 1. A second 
publication, or a new publication of something before 
published. 2. A second publication, as of a former will j 
renewah 
RE-PUB'LISHj V. t. [re and publish.] 1, To publish a sec- 
ond time, or to publish a new edition of a work before 
published. 2. To publish anew. 
RE-PUB'LISHEDj pp. Published anew. 

RE-PUB LISH-ER, 7t. One ■ivho republishes. 

RE-PUB'LISH-ING, ppr. Publisliing again. 
RE-Pu'DI-A-BLE, a. [from repudiate.] That may be re- 
jected ; fit or proper to be put away. 

RE-PU'DI-ATE, V. t. [Fr. repudier ; L. repudio.] I. To cast 
away j to reject ; to discard. 2. Appropriately, to put 
away ; to divorce, as u wife. 

RE-Pu'DI-A-TED, p;;. Cast ofFj rejected; discarded; di- 
vorced. 

RE-Pu'DI-A-TING,^;?r. Casting off; rejecting; divorcing. 

RE-PU-DI-A'TION, w. [Fr.; L. repudiatio.'^- 1. Rejection. 
2. Divorce. Arbiithnot. 

fRE-PuGN', (re-pune') n. [L. repugm.] To oppose; to 
resist. 

RE-PLTG'NANCE, ) n. [Fr. repugnance ; It. ripugnama ; 

RE-PUG'NAN-CY, \ L. repugnantia.] I. Opposition of 
inind ; reluctance ; unwillingness. 2. Opposition or 
struggle of passions; resistance. 3. Opposition of prin- 
ciples or qualities ; inconsistency ; contrariety. 

RE-PUG'NANT, a. [Fr.; L. repugnans.] 1. Opposite; 
contrary ; inconsistent. 2. Disobedient ; not obsequious ; 
[obs.] 

RE-PUG'NANT-LY, adv. With opposition; in contradic- 
tion. Brown. 

RE-PUL'LU-LATE, v. i. [L. re and pullulo.] To bud 
again. Hoioell. 

RE-PUL-LU-La'TION, 71. The act of budding again. 

RE-PULSE', (re-puls') n. [L. repulsa.] 1. A being checked 
in advancing, or driven back by force. 2. Refusal ; de- 
nial. 

RE-PULSE', V, i. [L, repulsus.] To repel ; to beat or drive 
back. Milton. 

RE-PULS'ED, (re-pulsf) pp. Repelled ; driven back. 

RE-PULS'ER, n. One that repulses or drives back. 

RE-PULS'ING, ppr. Driving back. 

RE-PUL'SION, n. 1. In physics, the power of repelling or 
driving off; that property of bodies which causes them to 
recede from each other or avoid coming in contact. 2. The 
act of repelling. 

RE-PULS'IVE, a. 1. Repelling; driving off, or keeping 
from approach. 2. Cold"; reserved ; forbidding. 

RE-PULS'IVE-NESS, n. The quality of being repulsive or 
forbidding. 

RE-PULS'O-RY, a. Repulsive ; driving back. 

RE-PUR'CHASE, v. t. [re and jJurchase.] To buy again ; 
to buy back ; to regain by purchase or expense. 

RE-PUR'CHASE, n. The act of buying again ; the pur- 
chase again of what has been sold. 

RE-PUR'CHASED, pp. Bought back or again ; regained by 
expense. Shak. 

RE-PUR'CHAS-ING, ppr. Buying back or again ; regain- 
ing by tlie payment of a price. 

REP'U-TA-BLE, a. 1. Being in good repute; held in es- 
teem ; as, a reputable man or character ; reputable conduct. 
It expresses less than respectable and honorable, denoting 
the good opinion of men, without distinction or great 
qualities. 2. Consistent with reputation ; not mean or 
disgraceful. 

REP'U-TA-BLE-NESS, v. The quality of being reputable. 

REPU-TA-BLY, adv. With reputation; without disgrace 
or discredit. 

REP-U-Ta'TION, n. [Fr.; L. reputatio.] 1. Good name ; 
the credit, honor or character which is derived from a 
favorable public opinion or esteem. 2. Character by re- 
port; in a good or bad sense. 

RE-PuTE', V. t. [L. reputo ; Fr. repvter.] To think ; to ac- 
count; to hold ; to reckon. Shak. 

RE-PuTE', n. Reputation ; good character ; the credit or 
honor derived from common or public opinion. 2. Char- 
acter ; in a bad sense. 3. Established opinion. 

RE-PuT'ED, pp. Reckoned; accounted. 

RE-PuT'SD-LY, adv. In common opinion or estimation. 

RE-PuTE'LESS, a. Disreputable ; disgraceful. 

RE-PuT'ING, pp?-. Thinking; reckoning; accounting. 

RE-aUEST , 71. [Fr. requite ; L. reguisitus ; Sp. requesta.] 
1. The expression of desire to some person for something 
to be granted or done ; an asking ; a petition. 2. Prayer ; 
the expression of desire to a superior or to the Almighty. 
PhU. iv, 3. The thing asked fur or requested. 4. A state 
of being desu-ed or held in such estimation as to be sought 
after or pursued. — In request, in demand ; in credit or 
reputation. 



RE-aUEST', V. t. [Fr. requiter.] 1. To ask ; to solicit , lO 
express desire for. 2. To express desire to; to ask. 2 A 
court of conscience for the recovery of small debts, held 
by two aldermen and four commoners, who try causes by 
the oath of parties and of other witnesses. 

RE-aUEST'ED, pp. Asked ; desured ; solicited. 

RE-Q,UEST'ER, n. One who requests ; a petitioner. 

RE-aUEST'ING, ppr. Asking; petitioning. 

RE-aUICK'EN, V. t. [re and quicken.] To reanimate ; to 
give new life to. Shak. 

RE-aUI€K'ENED, pp. Reanimated. 

RE-Q.UI€K'EN-Ii\G, ppr. Reanimating; invigorating. 

Re'Q,UI-EM, n. [L.] In the Romish church, a hynm or 
mass sung for the dead, foi- the rest of his soul ; so called 
from the first word. 2. Rest ; quiet ; peace ; [obs.] 

t RE-dUl'E-TO-RY, n. [Low L. requietGrlum?] A sepul- 
chre. _ 

RE-GtUlR'A-BLE, a. [from require.] That may be requir 
ed ; fit or proper to be demanded. Hale. 

RE-Q,UlRE', V. t. [L. requiro ; Fr., Sp. rcquerir.] 1. To 
demand ; to ask, as of right and by authority. 2. I'o 
claim ; to render necessary. 3. To ask as a favor ; to re- 
quest. 4. To call to account for. Ezek. xxxiv. 5. To 
make necessary ; to need ; to demand. 1 Sam. xxi. 6. To 
avenge ; to take satisfaction for. 1 Sam. xx. 

RE-U,UlR'ED, (re-quird') pp. Demanded; needed; neces 
sary. _ 

RE-aUlRE'MENT, n. Demand ; requisition. Scott. 

RE-Q,UlR'ER, n. One who requires. 

RE-dUlR'ING, ppr. Demanding ; needing. 

REQ,'UI-SlTE, (rek'we-zit) a. [L. requisitu^.] Required by 
the nature of things or by circumstances; necessary; so 
needful that it cannot be dispensed with. 

REa'UI-SlTE, n. That which is necessary; seraethiug 
indispensable. 

REQ,'UI-SiTE-LY, adv. Necessarily ; in a requisite man- 
ner. Boyle. 

REQl'UI-SiTE-NESS, n. The state of being requisite or 
necessary ; necessity. Boyle. 

REa-UI-Sli'TION, n. [Fr.; It. rcquisizione.] Demand ; ap 
plication made as of right. 

RE-QUIS'I-TiVE, a. Expressing or implying demand. 

RE-aUIS'I-TO-RY, a. Sought for ; demanded. [L. u.] 

RE-ClUl'TAL, 71. [ixom. requite^ 1. Return for any office, 
good or bad ; in a good sense, compensation ; recompense. 
2. Return ; reciprocal action. Waller. 

RE-GlUlTE', V. t. [from quit ; Ir. cuitighim.] I. To repay 
either good or evil ; in a good sense., to recompense ; to 
return an equivalent in good ; to reward. 2. To do or 
give in return. 

RE-Q,UlT'ED, pp. Repaid; recomi)ensed ; rewarded. 

RE-aUIT'ER, n. One who requites. 

RE-Q,UlT'ING, ppr. Recompensing ; rewarding ; giving in 
return. 

ReRE'-MOUSE, n. [Sax. hreremus,] A bat. 

RE-RE-SOLVE'. Cre-re-zolv') v. t. To resolve a second 
time. 

RkRE'-WARD, 71. [rear and ward.] The part of an army 
that marches in the rear, as the guard ; the rear-guard. 

RE-SAIL', V. t. or t. [re and sail.] To sail back. Pope. 

RE-SALE', 71. [re and sale.] 1. A sale at second hand. 2. 
A second sale ; a sale of what was before sold to the pos- 
sessor. 

RE^A-LuTE', 75. t. [L. resaluto ; Fr. resaluer.] 1. To sa 
lute or greet aiiew. 2. To return a salutation. 

RE-SA-LOT'ED, pp. Saluted agam. 

RE-SA-LUT'ING, ppr. Saluting anew. 

RE-SCIND', V. t. [L. rescindo ; Fr. rescinder.] 1. To ab- 
rogate ; to revoke ; to annul ; to vacate an act by the 
enacting authority or by superior authority. 2. To cut 
off; [obs.] 

RE-SCIS'SION, (re-sizh'un) n. [Fr. rescision ; L. rescissus.] 
1. The act of abrogating, annulling or vacating. 2. A 
cutting off. 

RE-SCIS'SO^RY, a. [Fr. rescisoire.] Having power to cut 
offer to abrogate. Selden. 

RES'COUS, in law. See Rescue. 

RE-SCRTBE', v. t. [L. rescnbo.] 1. To write back. 2. To 
write over again. 

Re'SCRIPT, n. [L. rescriptum.] The answer of an empe- 
ror, when consulted by particular persons on some diffi- 
cult question. 

t RE-SCRIP'TION, 71. The act of writing back, or of an- 
swering a letter in writing. Loveday. 

RE-SCRIPT'IVE-LY, adv. By rescript. [Unusual.] Burke. 

RES'€U-A-BLE, a. That may be rescued. Oayton. 

RES'CUE, (res'ku) v. t. [Norm, rescure ; Fr. recourre, rr- 
cous ,• It. riscattare.] To free or deliver from any confine- 
ment, danger or evil ; to liberate from restraint. 

RES'CUE, n. 1. Deliverance from restraint, violence or 
danger, by force or by the interference of an agent.— 2. 
In law, rescue or rescous, the forcible retaking of a lawful 
distress from the distrainor, or from the custody of the 
law. 



* See Syoopsis. R E. T, O, tJ, Y, long.—FXB., FALL, WHAT ;— PR£Y ;— PIN, MARtNE, BIRD ; - f Obsolete 



RES 



695 



RES 



fi fc:S'€fJED, pp. Delivered from confinement or danger. 

EES€U-ER, u. One that rescues or retakes. KeiiU 

BES'€U-ING, ppr. Liberating from restraint or danger. 

KE-SEARCH', (re-serch') n. [Fr. recherche.] Diligent in- 
quiry or examination in seeking facts or principles j labo- 
rious or continued search after truth. 

RE-SEARCH', (re-serch') v.t. [Fr. rechercher.] 1. To 
search or examine with continued care ; to seek diligent- 
ly for the truth. 2. To search again ; to examine anew. 

RE-SEARCH'ER, (re-serch'er) n. One who diligently in- 
quires or examines. 

RE-SeAT'j v. t. [re and seat.] To seat or set again. 

RE-SeAT'ED, pp. Seated again. 

RE-SEATiIi\G,p/>/-. Seating again. 

SE-SE€'TI0N, 71. [L. resectio, rtseco.] The act of cutting 
or paring off. Cotgrave, 

RE-SEEK', V. t. ; pret. and pp. resought. To seek again. 

RE-SeIZE', '«. t. [re and seize.] 1. To seize again ; to 
seize a second time. — 2. In lain, to take possession of 
lands and tenements which have been disseized. 

RE-SeIZ'ED, (re-seezd') pp. Seized again. 

RE-SeIZ'ER, 7i. One who seizes again. 

RE-SeIZ'ING, ppr. Seizing again. 

RE-SeIZ'URE, (re-s5'zhur) n. A second seizure ; the act 
of seizing again. Bacon. 

RE-SELL', V. t. To sell again. 

t RE-SEM'BLA-BLE, a. That may be compared. 

RE-SEM'BLANCE, n. [Fr. ressemblance.] 1. Likeness j 
similitude, either of external form or of qualities. 2. 
Something similar 5 similitude; representation. 

RE-SEM'BLE, v. t. [Fr. resseml/ler ; It. rassernbrare.] 1, 
To have the likeness of; to bear the similitude of some- 
thing, either in form, ligure or qualities. 2. To liken ; to 
compare ; to represent as like something else. 

RE-SEM'BLED, pp. Likened ; compared. 

RE-SEM'BLING, ppr. Having the likeness of; likening; 
comparing. 

RE-SEND', V. t. ; pret. and pp. resent, [re and send.] To 
send again ; to send back. Shak. 

RE-SENT', V. t. [Fr. ressentir.] 1. To take well ; to re- 
ceive with satisfaction ; [obs.] 2. To take ill ; to consid- 
er as an injury or affront ; to be in some degree angry or 
provoked at. 

RE-SENT'ED, pp. Taken ill ; being angry at. 

RE-SENT'ER, M, 1. One who resents; one that feels an 
injury deeply. 2. In the sense of one that takes a thing 
well ; [obs.] 

RE-SENT'FUL, a. Easily provoked to anger; of an irrita- 
ble temoer. 

RE-SENT'ING, ppr. Taking ill ; feeling angry at. 

RE-SENT'ING-LY, adv. 1. With a sense of wrong or af- 
front ; with a degree of anger. 2. With deep sense or 
strong perception; [obs.] 

RE-SENT'IVE, a. Easily provoked or irritated ; quick to 
feel an injury or affroRt. Thomson. 

RE-SENT'MENT, ?;. [Fr. ressentiment ; It. risevtimevto.] 
.1. The excitement of passion which proceeds from a sense 
of wrong offered to ourselves, or to those who are con- 
nected witli us ; anger. 2. Strong perception of good ; 
[obs.] More. 

RES-ER-VA'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. reservo.] 1. The act of 
reserving or keeping back or in the mind ; reserve ; con- 
cealment or withholding from disclosure. 2. Something 
withheld, either not expressed or disclosed, or not given 
up or brought forw-ard. 3. Custody ; state of being treas- 
ured up or kept in store. — 4. In laic, a clause or part of 
an instrument by which something is reserved, not con- 
ceded or granted ; also, a proviso. — Jvlental reservation is 
the withholding of expression or disclosure of something 
that affects a proposition or statement, and which, if dis- 
closed, would materially vary Its import. 

RE-i?ERV'A-TlVE, a. Keeping ; reserving. 

RE-SERV'A-TO-RY, v.. [from reserve.] A place in which 
things are reserved or kept. Woodward. ' 

RE-SERVE', (re-zerv') v. t. [Fr. reseroer j L. reservo.] 1. 
To keep in store for future or other use ; to withhold from 
present use for another purpose. 2. To keep ; to hold ; 
to retain. 3. To lay up and keep for a future time. 
9 Pet. ii. 

RE-SERVE', 71. 1. That w^hich is kept for other or future 
use ; that which is retained from present use or disposal. 
2. Something in the mind withheld from disclosure. 3. 
Exception ; something withheld. 4. Exception in favor. 
5. Restraint of freedom in words or actions ; backward- 
ness ; caution in personal behavior. — 6. In law, reserva- 
tion. — In reserve, in store ; in keeping for other or future 
use. — Bodij of reserve, in military affairs, the third or last 
line of an army drawn up for battle, reserved to sustain 
the other lines as occasion may require ; a body of troops 
kept for an exigency. 

RE-SERVED, (re-zervd') pp. 1. Kept for another or future 

use ; retained. 2. a. Restrained from freedom in words 

or actions ; backward in conversation ; not free or frank. 

RE-SERV'ED-LY, adv. 1. With reserve ; with backward- 



ness ; not with openness or frankness. 2. Scrupulously ; 

cautiously ; coldly. Pope. 

RE-SERV'ED-NESS, n. Closeness; want of frankness 
openness or freedom. South. 

PE-SERV'ER, ?i. One that reserves. 

RE-SERVING, ppr. Keeping back ; keeping for other use 
or for use at a future time ; retaining. 

RES-ER-VOIR', (rez-er-vwor') n. [Fr.] A plaoe where any 
thing is kept in store, particularly, a place where water is 
collected and kept for use when wanted, as to supply a 
fountain, a canal or a city by means of aqueducts, or to 
drive a mill-wheel and the like ; a cistern; a mill-pond ; 
a basin. 

Re'SET, n. In Scots lavj, the receiving and harboring of 
an outlaw or a criminal. E7icyc. 

RE-SET'TLE, v. t. [re and settle.] 1. To settle again 
Swift. 2. To install, as a minister of the gospel. 

RE-S'ET'TLE, v. i. To settle in the ministry a second 
time ; to be installed. 

RE-SET'TLED, pp. Settled again ; installed. 

RE-SET'TLE-MENT, 72. 1. The act of settling or compos- 
ing again. 2. The state of settling or subsiding again 
3. A second settlement in the ministry. 

RE-SET'TLING, ppr. Settling again ; installing. 

RE-SHIP', V. t. [re and ship.] To ship again ; to ship what 
has been conveyed by wate^r or imported. ^ 

RE-SHIP'MENT, m. 1. The act of shipping or loading on 
board of a ship a second time. 2. That which is reship- 
ped. 

RE-SHIP'PED, (re-shipf) pp. Shipped again. 

RE-SHIP'PING, ppr. Shipping again. 

t Re'SI- ANCE, 7i. Residence; abode. Baco7i. 

t Re'SI- ANT, a. [Norm, resiant.] Resident ; dwelling , 
present in a place. Knollcs. 

RE-SlDE', v.i. [Fr. resider; L. re.sideo, resido.] 1. To 
dwell permanently or for a length of time ; to have a set- 
tled abode for a time. 2. To sink to the bottom of 
liquors ; to settle : [obs.] 

RES'I-DENCE, n. [Fr.] I. The act of abiding or dwelling 
in a place for some continuance of time. 2. The place 
of abode ; a dwelling ; a habitation. 3. That which falls 
to the bottom of liquors ; [obs.] — 4. In the ca7ion and com- 
7/1071 laiD, the abode of a parson or incumbent on his bene- 
fice ; opposed to non-residence. 

RES'I-DENT, a. [L. reside7is ; Fr. resident.] Dwelling or 
having an abode in a place for a continuance of time, but 
not definite. 

RESI-DENT, n. 1. One who resides or dwells in a place 
for some time. 2. A public minister who resides at a for- 
eign court. 

RES-I-DEN'TIA-SY, a. Having residence. More. 

RES-I-DEN'TIA-RY, n. An ecclesiastic who keeps a cer- 
tain residence. Eccles. Canons. 

RE-SiD'ER, 71. One who resides in a particular place. 

RE-SlD'ING, ppr. Dwelling in a place for some continu- 
ance of time. 

RE-SID'U-AL, a. Remaining after a part is taken. Davy. 

RE-SID'U-A-RY, a. [L. residiius.] Pertaining to the residue 
or part Tems-ining.— Residuary legatee, in law, the legatee 
to whom is bequeathed the part of goods and estate which 
remains after deducting all the debts and specific lega- 

RES'i-DUE, n. [Fr. residu ; L. residuus.] 1. That which 
remains after a part is taken, separated, removed or des- 
ignated. 2. The balance or remainder of a debt or ac- 
count. 

RE-SID'U-UM, 71. [L.] 1. Residue; that which is left 
after any process of separation or purification.— 2. In lav), 
the part of an estate or of goods and chattels remaining 
after the payment of debts and legacies. 

fRE-SlEGE', ^^ t. [re and siege.] To seat again ; to rein- 
state. Spenser. 

RE-SIGN', (re-zine'), v. t. [Fr. resigner ; L. resigTio.] 1. 
To give up ; to give back, as an ofiice or commission, to 
the ^person or authority that conferred it ; hence, to sur- 
render an office or charge in a formal manner. 2. To 
withdraw, as a claim. 3. To yield. 4. To yield or give 
up in confidence. 5. To submit, particularly to Provi- 
dence. 6. To submit without resistance or murmur 
Shalt. 

Re'SIGN, v. t. To sign again. 

t RE-SiGN', 71. Resignation. 

RES-IG-Na'TION, 71. [Fr.l 1. The act of resigning or 
giving up, as a claim or possession. 2. Submission ; un- 
resisting acquiescence. 3. auiet submission to the will 
of Providence ; submission without discontent, and witli 
entire acquiescence in the divine dispensations. 

RE-STGN'ED, (re-zind') pp. I. Given up ; surrendered 
yielded. 2. a. Submissive to the will of God. 

RE-STGN'ED-LY, adv. With submission. 

RE-SlGN'ER, Tfi. One that resigns. . . 

RE-$IGN'ING, ppr. Giving up ; surrendering; submitting 

tRE-SlGN'MENT, n. The act of resigning. 

RES'I-LAH, 71. An ancient patriarchal coin. 



^ Ses Sympsus. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;-^Bi:iLL, UNITE— € as K; 6as J} SasZ; CH as SH; THasintAi^ 1 Obsolete. 



RES 



RES 



f RE-SlLE', V. i. [L. resilio.] To start back ; to fly trom a 
purpose. Ellis. 

* RE-SIL'I-ENCE, ln.['L.resiliens.] The act of leaping 

* SE-SIL'I-EN-CY, ) or springing back, or tlie act of re- 
bcuiiding. 

* RE-SIL'1-ENT, a. [L. resiliens.] Leaping or starting 
back ; rebounding. 

EES-I-Ll"TION, 71. [L. resilio.] The act of springing 
back ; resilience. 

RES'IN, n. [Fr. resine ; L., It., Sp. resina ,• Ir. roisin.] An 
inflammable substance, bard when cool, but viscid when 
heated, exsuding in a fluid state from certain kinds of 
trees, as pine, either spontaneously or by incision. 

JIES-I-NIP^ER-OUS, a. [L. resina and fero.] Yielding resin. 

KES'IN-1-FORM, a. Having the foim of resin. Cyc. 

KES'I-iMO-E-LE€'TRie, a. Containing or exhibiting nega- 
tive electricity, or that kind which is produced by the 
ftiction of resinous substances. Ure. 

RES'I-NO- EX-TRA€T'IVE, a. Designating extractive 
matter in which resi'n predominates. 

RES'IN-OUS, a. Partaking of the qualities of resin ; like 
resin. 

RES'IN-OUS-LY, ffltZi;. By means of resin. Oregory. 

RES'IN-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being resinous. 

RES-I-PIS'CENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. resipis^p.] Properly, wis- 
dom derived from severe experience ; hence, repentance. 
[Little ^ised.] 

RE-SiST', V. t. [li. resisto ; Fr. resister ; Sp. resistir.] 1. 
Literally, to stand against ; to withstand ; hence, to act 
iu opposition, or to oppose. 2. To strive against; to en- 
deavor to counteract, defeat or frustrate. 3. To baffle ; to 
disappoint. 

RE-SIST', 2). i. To make opposition. Shak. 

RE-SIST'ANCE, n. The act of resisting ; opposition. 2. 
The quality of not yielding to force or external impres- 
sion. 

RE-SIST' ANT, n. He or that which resists. Pearson. 

RE-SIST'ED, pp. Opposed ; counteracted ; withstood. 

RE-SIST'ER, n. One that opposes or withstands. 

RE-SIST-I-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. The quality of resisting. 2. 
duality of being resistible. 

RE-SIST'I-BLE, a. That may be resisted. Hale. 

RE-SISTTNG, ppr. Withstanding; opposing. 

RE-SIST'IVE, a. Having the power to resist. B. Jonson. 

RE-SIST' LESS, a. 1. That cannot be effectually opposed ; 
irresistible. 2. That cannot resist ; helpless. 

RE-SIST'LESS-LY, adv. So as not to be opposed or denied. 
Blackwall. 

RE-SoLD', pp. of resell. Sold a second time, or sold after 
being bought. 

* RES'0-LU-BLE, a. [re, and L. solubilis.] That may be 
melted or dissolved. Boyle. 

RES'O-LUTE, a. [Fr. resolu j It. resoluto.} Having a fixed 
purpose; determined; hence, bold; firm ; steady; con- 
stant in Pursuing a purpose. 

RES'O-LUTE-LY, adv. 1. With fixed purpose; firmly; 
steadily; with steady perseverance. 2. Boldly; firmly. 

RES'0-LUTE-NESS, n. Fixed purpose ; firm determina- 
tion ; unshaken finnness. 

KES-O-LU'TION, 7i. [Fr. ; L. resolutlo.] 1. The act, oper- 
ation or process of separating the parts which compose a 
complex idea or a mixed body ; the act of reducing any 
compound or combination to its component parts ; analy- 
sis. * 2. The act or process of unraveling or disentangling 
perplexities, or of dissipating obscurity in moral subjects. 
S. Dissolution ; the natural process of separating the com- 
ponent parts of bodies. — 4. In music, the resolution of a 
dissonance is the carrying of it, according to rule, into a 
consonance in the subsequent chord. — 5. In medicine, the 
disappearing of any tumor without coming to suppura- 
tion ; the dispersing of inflainmation. 6. Fixed purpose 
or determination of mind. 7. The eflfect of fixed purpose ; 
firmness, steadiness or constancy in execution, implying 
courage. 8. Determination of a cause in a court of jus- 
tice. 9. The determination or decision of a legislative 
body, or a formal proposition offered for legislative deter- 
mination. 10. The formal determination of any corporate 
body, or of any association of individuals. — 11. In alge- 
bra, the resolution of an equation is the same as reduction. 
12. Relaxation ; a weakening ; [obs.] 

t RES-O-Lu'TION-ER, n. One who joins in the declara- 
tion of others. Burnet. 

RES'O-LU-TlVE, a. Having the power to dissolve or relax. 
[Mot much used.] Johnson. 

RE-SOLV'A-BLE, a. That may be resolved or reduced to 
first principles. 

RE-SOLVE', (re-zolv') v. t. [L. resolvo ; Fr. resoudre ; 
It. risolvere ; Sp. resolver.] 1. To separate the compo- 
nent parts of a compound substance ; to reduce to first 
principles. 2. To separate the parts of a complex idea ; 
to reduce to simple parts ; to analyze. 3. To sepa- 
rate the parts of a complicated question ; to unravel ; to 
disentangle of perplexities ; to remove obscurity by analy- 
sis; to clear of difliculties ; to explain. 4. To inform; to 



free from doubt or perplexity. £ To settle in an opinion 
to make certain. 6. To confirm , to fix in constancy. 7 
To melt ; to dissolve. 8. To form or constitute by resolu- 
tion, vote or determination. —9. In music, to resolve a dis ■ 
cord or dissonance, is to carry it, according to rule, into a 
consonance in the subsequent chord.— 10. In medicine, to 
disperse or scatter ; to discuss, as inflammation or a tu 
mor. 11. To relax ; to lay at ease. Spenser.— I'i. In alge- 
bra, to resolve an equation is to bring all the known quan- 
tities to one side of the equation, and the unknown quan- 
tity to the other. 

RE-SOLVE', (re-zolv') v. i. 1. To fix in opinion or pur- 
pose ; to determine in mind. 2. To determine by vote 
3. To melt ; to dissolve ; to become fluid. 4. To separate 
into its component parts or into distinct principles. 5 
To be settled in opinion. 

RE-SOLVE', (re-zolv') n. 1. Fixed purpose of mind; seL 
tied determination ; resolution. 2. Legal or oflicial deter- 
mination ; legislative act concerning a private person or 
corporation, or concerning some private business. 3. The 
determination of any corporation or association; resolu- 
tion. 

RE-SOLVED, (re-zolvd');>p. 1. Separated into its compo- 
nent parts ; analyzed. 2. Determined in purpose. 3. 
Determined officially or by vote'. 

RE-SOLV ED LY, adv. With finnness of purpose. 

RE-SOLV'ED-NESS, n. Fixedness of purpose ; firmness 
resolution. Decay of Piety. 

RE-SOLVENT, n. That which has the power of causing 
solution. 

RE-SOLVER, n. One that resolves or forms a firm pur- 
pose. 

RE-SOLVING, ppr. Separating into component parts ; an- 
alyzing ; discussing, as tumors ; determining. 

RE-SOLVING, n. The act of determining or forming a 
fixed purpose ; a resolution. Clarendon. 

RES'O-NANCE, 7i. [L. resonans,] 1. A resounding; a 
sound returned from the sides of a hollow instrument of 
music ; reverberated sound or sounds. 2. A sound re- 
turned. 

RES'O-NANT, a. [L. resonans.] Resounding; returning 
sound ; echoing back. Milton. 

RE-SORB', V. t. [L. resorbeo.] To swallow up. 

RE-SORB'ENT, a Swallowing up. Woodhull. 

RE-SORT ,v.i. [Fr. ressortir.] 1. To have recourse ; to 
apply ; to betake. 2. To go ; to reoair. 3. To fall back ; 
[obs.] 

RE-SORT', n. 1. The act of going to or making applica- 
tion ; a betaking one's self. 2. Act of visiting. 3. As- 
sembly ; meeting. 4. Concourse ; frequent assembling. 
Swift. 5. The place frequented. G. Spring ; active pow- 
er or movement ; a Gallicism ; [obs.] — Last resort, ulti- 
mate means of relief; also, final tribunal. 

RE-SORT'ER, n. One that resorts or frequents. 

RE-SORT'ING, ppr. Going ; having recourse ; betaking ; 
frequenting. 

RE-SOUND', V. t. [L. resono ; Fr. resonner ; It. risuonare ; 
Sp. resonar.] 1. To send back sound ; to echo. 2. To 
sound ; to praise or celebrate with the voice or the sound 
of instruments. 3. To praise ; to extol with sounds ; tc 
spread the fame of. 

RE-SOUND', V. i. 1. To be echoed ; to be sent back, as 
sound. 2. To be much and loudly mentioned. 

Re'SOUN^D, v. t. [re and sound.] To sound again. 

RE-SOUND',?'. Return of sound ; echo. Beaumont. 

RE-SOUNDED, p;). Echoed; returned, ;is sound. 

RE-SOUND'ING, j?/jr. Echoing; returning, as sound. 

RE-SoURCE', 71. [Fr. ressource.] 1. Any source of aid or 
support ; an expedient to which a person may resort for 
assistance, safety or supply ; means yet untried ; resort.— 

2. Resources, in the plural, pecuniary means ; funds ; 
money or any property that can be converted into sup- 
plies. 

RE-SoURCE'LESS, a. Destitute of resources. Burke. 
RE-SoW, V. t.; pret. resowed ; pp. resowed, or resown. \re 

and sow.] To sow again. Bacon. 
RE-SOAVED, (re-sode') ) « 

RE-SoWN', (re-sone') 1 ^^- ''"^^^ ^"^^• 
RE-SPeAK', v. t.; pret. respoke ; pp. respoken, respoke. [re 

and speak.] 1. To answer ; to speak in return ; to reply ; 

[I. u.] 2. To speak again ; to repeat. 
RE-SPECT', V. t. [L. respecto, or respectus ; Fr. respecter J] 

1. To regard ; to have regard to in design or purpose. 2. 

To have regard to, in relation or connection ; to relate to. 

3. To view or consider with some degree of reverence ; to 
esteem as possessed of real worth. 4. To look towards ; 
[obs.] — To respect the person, to suffer the opinion or judg- 
ment to be influenced or biased by a regard to the out- 
ward circumstances of a person, to the prejudice of right 
and equity. 

RE-SPECT', n. [L. respectus ; Fr. respect.] 1. Regard ; 
attention. Shak. 2. That estimation or honor in which 
men hold the distinguished worth or substantial good 
qualities of others. It expresses less than reverence and 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U Y, long-.— FAR. FALL. WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete 



RES 



697 



RES 



veneration. Which regard elders and superiors ; whereas 
res-pect may regard juniors and inferiors. Respect regards 
the qualities of the mind, or the actions which character- 
ize those qualities. 3. That deportment or course of ac- 
tion which proceeds from esteem ; regard ; due attention. 
4. Good will ; favor. 5. Partial regard ; undue bias to 
the prejudice of justice. 6. Respected character. 7. Con- 
sideration ; motive in reference to something. 8. Rela- 
tion ; regard ; reference. 

RE-SPE€-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. State or quality of being re- 
spectable ; the state or qualities which deserve or com- 
mand respect. CuvLberland. 

RE-SPE€T'A-BLE, a. [Fr. ; It. rispettabile ; Sp. respetor- 
blc] 1. Possessing the worth or qualities which deserve 
or command respect ; worthy of esteem and honor. — 2. In 
popular language, this word is much used to express what 
is moderate in degree of excellence or in number, but not 
despicable. 

RE-SPE€T'A-BLE-NESS, n. Respectability. 

RE-SPEGT'A-BLY, adv. 1. With respect ; more generally, 
in a manner to merit respect. 2. Moderately, but in a 
manner not to be despised. 

RE-SPE€T'ED, pp. Held in honorable estimation. 

RE-SPEeT'ER, n. One that respects. 

RE-SPE€T'FyL, a. Marked or characterized by respect. 

RE-SPE€T'FyL-LY, adv. With respect ; in a manner com- 
porting with' due estimation. Dryden. 

RE-SPE€T'FUL-NESS, n. The quality of being respect- 
ful. 

RE-SPE€T'ING, ppr. Regarding ; having regard to ; relat- 
ing to. 

RE-SPE€T'IVE, a. [Ft. respectifi It. rispettivo.] 1. Rel- 
ative ; having relation to something else ; not absolute. 
2. Particular; relating to a particular person or thing. 3. 
Worthy of respect ; [obs.] 4. Careful ; circumspect ; cau- 
tious ; attentive to consequences ; [obs.] 

RE-SPE€T'IVE-LY, adv. 1. As relating to each ; particu- 
larly ; as each belongs to each. 2, Relatively ; not abso- 
lutely. 3. Partially ; With respect to private views ; [obs.] 
4. With respect; [obs.] 

SE-SPE€T'LESS, a. Having no respect ; without regard ; 
without reference. [Little used.] Drayton. 

RE-SPEOT'LESS-NESS, n. The state of having no respect 
or regard ; regardlessness. [Little used.] Shelton. 

RE-SPERSE'. V. t. [L. respersus.] To sprinkle. [L. u.] 

RE-SPER'SION, n. [L. rt^persio.] The act of sprinkling. 
Johnson. 

*RE-SPI.'RA-BLE,or RE-SPl'RA-BLE, a. That may be 
breathed ; fit for respiration or for the support of animal 
life. 

RES-PI-Ra'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. respiratio.] 1, The act of 
breathing ; the act of inhaling air into the lungs, and again 
exhaling or expelling it, by which animal life is supported. 
2. Relief from toil. 

* RE-SPI'-RA-l O-RY, a. Serving for respiration. 

RE-SPiRE', v. i. [Fr. respirer ; L. respiro.] 1. To breathe ; 
to inhale air into the lungs and exhale it. 2. To catch 
breath. 3. To rest ; to take rest from toil. 

RE-SPiRE', v. t. To exhale ; to breathe out ; to send out in 
exhalations. B. Jonson. 

RE-SPrR'ED, (re-spird') pp. Breathed ; inhaled and ex- 
haled. 

RE-SPlR'ING, ppr. Breathing ; taking breath. 

RES'PIT, n. [Fr. repit.] 1. Pause ; temporary intermis- 
sion of labor, or of any process or operation ; interval of 
rest. — 2. In laic, reprieve ; temporary suspension of the 
execution of a capital offender. 3. Delay ; forbearance ; 
prolongation of time for the payment of a debt beyond the 
legal time. 4. The delay of appearance at court granted 
to a jury, beyond the proper term. 

RES'PIT, V. t. 1. To relieve by a pause or interval of rest. 
2. To suspend the execution of a criminal beyond the time 
limited by the sentence ; to delay for a time. 3. To give 
delay of appearance at court. 

RES'PIT-ED, pp. Relieved from labor; allowed a tempo- 
rarj^ suspension of execution. 

RES'PIT-ING, ppr. Relieving from labor ; suspending the 
execution of a capital offender. 

RE-SPLEN'DENCE, ) n. [L. resplendens.] Brilliant lus- 

RE-SPLEN'DEN-CY, \ tre ; vivid brightness ; splendor. 
Milton. 

RE-SPLEN'DENT, a. Very bright ; shining with brilliant 
lustre. Spenser. 

RE-SPLEN'DENT-LY, adv. With brilliant lustre, 

RE SPLIT', V. t. [re and split.] To split again. 

RE-SPOND', V. i. [Yr.repondre ; It, rispondere ; Sp. respon- 
der , L. respondeo.] 1. To answer ; to reply. 2. To cor- 
respond ; to suit. 3. To be answerable ; to be liable to 
make payment. 

RE-SPOND', V. t. To answer ; to satisfy by payment. Sedg- 
wick, Mass. Rep. 

RE-SPOND', n. 1. A short anthem interrupting the middle 
of a chapter, which is not to proceed till the anthem is 
ended. 2. An answer ; [obs ] 



RE-SPOND'ED, pp. Answered ; satisfied by payment. 

RE-SPOND'ENT, a. Answering ; that answers to demand 
or expectation. 

RE-SPOND'ENT, n. 1. One that answe;^ m a suu, partx 
ularly a chancery suit. — 2. In the schools, one who main- 
tains a thesis in reply, and whose province is to refute ob 
jections or overthrow arguments. 

RE-SPOND'ING, ppr. Answering ; corresponding. 

t RE-SPONS'AL, a. Answerable ; responsible. Heylin. 

RE-SPONS'AL, n. 1. Response ; answer. Brevint. 2. One 
who is responsible ; [obs.] Barrow. 

RE-SPONSE', (re-spons') n. [L. responsum.] I. An an- 
swer or reply ; particularly, an oracular answer. 2. The 
answer of the people or congregation to the priest, in the 
litany and other parts of divine service. 3. Reply to an 
objection in a formal disputation. — 4. In the Roiwi.^k 
church, a kind of anthem sung after the morning lesson. 
— 5. In a fugue, a repetition of the given subject by an 
other part. 

RE-SPON-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. The state of being accounta- 
ble or answerable, as for a trust or office, or for a debt 
Paley. 2. Ability to answer in payment ; means of pay 
ing contracts. 

RE-SPONS'I-BLE, a. [Ij. responses.] 1. Liable to account; 
accountable ; answerable. 2. Able to discharge an obli- 
gation; or having estate adequate to the payment of a 
debt. 

RE-SPONS'I-BLE-NESS, n. 1. State of being liable to an- 
swer, repay or account ; responsibility. 2. Ability to 
make payment of an obligation or demand. 

t RE-SPON'SION, n. [L. responsio.] The act of answer- 
ing. 

RE-SPONS'IVE, a. 1. Answering ; making reply. 2. Cor- 
respondent ; suited to something else. Pope. 

RE-SPONS'0-RY, a. Containing answer. 

RE-SPONS'0-RY, n. A response ; the answer of the peo- 
ple to the priest in the alternate speaking, in church ser- 
vice. 

REST, n. [Sax. rc-it, rmst ; Dan., G., Sw. rast ; D. rust.] 
1. Cessation of motion or action of any kind, and applica- 
ble to any body or being. 2. Quiet ; repose ; a state free 
from motion or disturbance ; a state of reconciliation to 
God. 3. Sleep. 4. Peace ; national quiet. 5. The finai 
sleep ; death, fi. A place of quiet ; permanent habitation. 
7. Any place of repose. 8. That on wliich any thing 
leans or lies for support. 1 Kings vi. — 9. In poetry, a short 
pause of the voice in reading ; a cesura. — 10. In philoso- 
phy, the continuance of a body in the same place. 11. Fi- 
nal hope ; [obs.] 12. Cessation from tillage. Lev. xxv. 
13. The gospel church or new covenant state in which 
the people of God enjoy repose, and Christ shall be glori- 
fied. Is. xi.— 14. In TOMsic, a pause ; an interval dunng 
which the voice is intermitted ; also, the mark of such in- 
termission. 

REST, 71. [Fr. reste.] 1. That which is left, or which re- 
mains after the separation of a part, either in fact or in 
contemplation ; remainder. 2. Others ; those not includ 
ed in a proposition or description. 

REST, v. i. [Sax. restan, hrestan ; D, rusten ; G. rasten.] 
1. To cease from action or motion of any kind ; to stop ; 
a word applicable to any body or being, and to any kind of 
motion. 2. To cease from labor, work or performance. 3. 
To be quiet or still ; to be undisturbed. 4. To cease from 
war ; to be at peace. 5. To be quiet or tranquil, as the 
mind ; not to be agitated by fear, anxiety or other pas- 
sion. 6. To lie ; to repose ; as, to rest on a bed. 7. To 
sleep ; to slumber. 8. To sleep the final sleep ; to die or 
be dead. 9. To lean ; to recline for support. 10. To 
stand on ; to be supported by. 11. To be satisfied ; to ac- 
quiesce. 12. To lean ; to trust ; to rely. 13. To continue 
fixed. Is. li. 14. To terminate ; to come to an end. 
JEzek. xvi. 15. To hang, lie or be fixed. 16. To abide ; 
to remain with. 17. To be calm or composed in mind ; to 
enjoy peace of conscience. 

t REST, V. i. [Fr. rester.] To be left ; to remain. Milton. 

REST, v.t. 1. To lay at rest ; to quiet. Dryden. 2. To 
place, as on a support. Waller. 

RE-STAG'NANT, a. [L. restagnans.] Stagnant ; remain- 
ing without a flow or current. [L. u.] Boyle. 

RE-STAG'NATE, v. i. [L. restagjw.] To stand or remain 
without flowing. Wiseman. 

RE-STAG-Na'TION, n. Stagnation, which see. 

REST' ANT, a. [L. restans, resto.] In botany, remain 
ing. 

RES-TAU-Ra'TION, n. [L. restauro.] Restoration to a 
former good state. 

REST'ED, pp. Laid on for support. 

RE-STEM', v. t. [re and stem.] To force back against the 
current. Shak. 

REST'FUL, a. [from rest.] Quiet ; being at rest. Shak. 

REST'FtJL-LY, adv. In a state of rest or quiet. 

REST'-HAR-RoW, n. A plant of the genus ononis. 

RES'TIFF, ) a. [Fr. retif; It. restivo, restio ; from L. resto. 

REST'IF. \ 1. Unwilling to go, or only running back 



Sec Synopsis,. MOVE, BOOK DOVE ;— BJI LL, UNITE.— € as K j Ci as J j S as Z j CH as SH ; TH as in this f Obsolete 



RES e 

abstinate in refusing to move forward ; stubborn. 2. Un- 
yielding. 3. Being at rest, or less in action j [obs.] 

KtSTIFF, 71. A stubborn liorse. 

REST'IFF-NESS,7i. 1. Obstinate reluctance or indisposition 
to move. 2. Obstinate unwillingness. 

RE-STIN€'TION, 71. [h. restinctio.] The act of quenching 
or extinguishing. 

REST'ING, ppr. Ceasing to move or act ; ceasing to be 
moved or agitated ; lying ; leaning ; standing ; depending 
or reljing, 

REST'ING-PLACE, n. A place for rest. 

RE-STIN'GUISH, v. t. [L. resUnguo.] To quench or extin- 
guish. Field. 

t RES'TI-TUTE, v. t. [L. restituo.] To restore to a former 
state. Dyer. 

RES-TI-TU'TION, n. [L. restitutio.] 1. The act of re- 
turn mg or restoring to a person some thing or right of 
which ne has been unjustly deprived. 2. The act of 
making good, or of giving an equivalent for any loss, 
damage or injury ; indemnification. 3. The act of recov- 
ering a former state or posture. Oreic. — Restitution of all 
thiiig-s, the putting the world in a holy and happy state. 
Jlcts iii. 

RES'TI-TU-TOR, n. One who makes restitution. [L. u.] 

REST'IVE, RESTTVE-NESS. See Restiff. 

REST'LESS, a. [from rest; Sax. restleas.] 1. Unquiet; 
uneasy ; continually moving. 2. Being without sleep ; 
uneasy. 3. Passed in unquietness. 4. Uneasy ; unquiet ; 
not satisfied to be at rest or in peace. 5. Uneasy ; turbu- 
lent. 6. Unsettled ; disposed to wander or to change 
place or condition. 

REST'LESS-LY, adv. Without rest ; unquietly. South. 

REST'LESS-NESS, 7!. 1. Uneasiness ; unquietness ; a 
state of disturbance or agitation, either of body or mind. 
2. Want of sleep or rest ; uneasiness. 3. Motion ; agita- 
tion. 

RE-SToR'A-BLE, a. [from restore.] That may be restored 
to a former good condition. Sicift. 

RE-SToR'AL, 71. Restitution. Barrow. 

RES-TO-RaTTON, n. [Fr. restauratiov .] 1. The act of 
replacing in a former slate. 2. Renewal ; revival ; re- 
establishment. 3. Recovery ; renewal of health and 
soundness. 4. Recovery from a lapse or any bad state. — 
5. In theology, universal restoration, the final recovery of 
all men from sin and alienation from God, to a state of 
happiness ; universal salvation. — 6. In England, the re- 
turn of king Charles II. in 1660, and the re-establishment 
of monarchv. 

tlE-SToR'A-TiVE, a. That has power to renew strength 
and vigor. Evcyc. 

RE-SToR'A-TIVE, n. A medicine efficacious in restoring 
strength and vigor, or in recruiting the vital powers, jlr- 
buthnot. 

RE-SToRE', V. t. [Fr. restaur er ; It. restaurare ,• Sp.,Port. 
restaurar ; L. restauro.] 1. To return to a person, as a 
specific thing which he has lost, or which has been taken 
from him and unjustly detained. 2. To replace ; to re- 
turn ; as a person or thing to a former place. 3. To bring 
back. 4. To bring back or recover from lapse, degenera- 
cy, declension or ruin to its former state. 5. To heal ; to 
cure ; to recover from disease. 6. To make restitution or 
satisfaction for a thing taken, by returning something 
else, or something of different value. 7. To give for sat- 
isfaction for pretended wrongs something not taken. Ps. 
Ixix. y. To repair ; to rebuild. 9. To revive ; to resusci- 
tate ; to bring back to life. 10. To return or bring back 
after absence. Heb. xiii. 11. To bring to a sense of sin 
and amendment of life. Gal. vi. 12. To renew or re- 
establish after interruption. 13. To recover or renew, as 
passages of an author obscured or corrupted. 

RE'-STORE, v. t. [re and store.] To store again. 

RE-SToR'ED, (re-stord') pp. Returned ; brought back ; re- 
trievedj recovered ; cured ; renewed ; re-established. 

t RE-SToRE'MENT, n. The act of restoring ; restora- 
tion. _ 

RE-PToR'ER, 7). One that restores ; one that returns what 
is lost or unjustly detained ; one who repairs or re-estab- 
lishes_. 

RE-SToR'IjVG, 7>p?-. Returning what is lost or taken ; bring- 
ing back recovering; curing; renewing; repairing; re- 
establish ng. 

RE-STRaIN', v. t. [Fr. restraindre ; It. ristrignere, restrin- 
gere.] 1. To hold back ; to check ; to hold from action, 
proceedins or advancing, either by physical or moral 
force, or by any interposing obstacle. 2. To repress ; to 
keep in awe. 3. To suppress ; to hinder or repress. 4. 
To abridge ; to hinder from unlimited enjoyment. 5. To 
limit ; to confine. 6. To withhold ; to forbear. 

RE-STRaIN'A-BLE, a. Capable of being restrained. 
Brotcn. 

RE-STRaIN'ED, (re-strand') pp. Held back from advancing 
or wandering ; withheld ; repressed ; suppressed ; abridg- 
ed; confined. 



6 RES 

RE-STRaIN'ED-LY, adv. With restraint; with limita- 
tion. 

RE-STRaIN'ER, 71. He or that which restrains. 

RE-STRaIN'ING, ppr. 1. Holding back from proceeding , 
checking ; repressing ; hindering from motion or action • 
suppressing. 2. a. Abridging ; limiting. 

RE-STRaINT', 71. [from Fr. restreint.] 1. The act or oper- 
ation of holding back or hindering from motion, in any 
manner; hinder;)nce of the will, or of any action, physi- 
cal, moral or mental. 2. Abridgment of liberty. 3. Pro- 
hibition. 4. Limitation ; restriction. 5. That which re- 
strains, hinders or represses. 

RE-STRICT', V. t. [L. restrictus.] To limit ; to confine ; to 
restrain within bounds. 

tRE-STRI€T', a. Confined; limited, ^nnot. on Olanville 

RE-STRICTED,^;), Limited; confined to bounds. 

RE-STRICT'ING, ppr. Confining to limits. 

RE-STRI€'TION, 7i. [Fr.; L. restrictus.] 1. Limitation 
confinement within bounds. 2. Restraint. 

RE-STRICT'IVE, a. [Fr. restrictif.] 1. Having the quality 
of limiting or of expressing limitation. 2. Imposing re- 
straint. 3. Stj'ptic; [obs.] 

RE-STRICTTVE-LY, adv. With limitation. 

RE-STRlNGE', (re-strinj') t;. ^ [L.restringo.] To confine 
to contract ; to astringe. 

RE-STRIN'GEN-CY, ?i. The quality or power of contract- 
ing. 

RE-STRIN'GEx\T, a. Astringent; styptic. 

RE-STRIN GENT, n. A medicine that operates as an as- 
tringerit or styptic. Harvey. 

RE-STRlVE', V. i. [re and strive.] To strive anew. 

REST'Y, a. The same as restive or restif, of which it is a 
contraction. 

RE-SUB-JEC'TION, n. [re and subjection.] A second sub- 
jection. Bp. Hall. 

RE-SUB-LI-Ma'TION, n. A second sublimation. 

RE-SUB-LiME', v. t. [re and sublime.] To sublime again. 

RE-SUB-LlM'ED, (re-sub-limd') pp. Sublimed a second 
time. 

RE-SUB-LlM'ING, ppr. Subliming again. 

RE-SU-Da'TION, 71. [lu. resudatus.] The act of sweating 
again. 

RE^'SULT', 7J. 7. [Fr. resulter; L. resulto, resilio.] 1. To 
leap back ; to rebound. 2. To proceed, spring or rise, as 
a consequence, from facts, arguments, premises, combina- 
tion of circumstances, consultation or meditation. 3. To 
come to a conclusion or determination. 

RE-SULT', n. 1. Resilience; act of flying back. 2. Con- 
sequence ; conclusion ; iiiference ; effect. 3. Consequence 
or effect. 4. The decision or determination of a council 
or deliberative assembly. JVsjd England. 

RE-SULT' ANCE, 71. The act of resulting. 

RE-SULT 'ANT, n. In mechanics, a force which is the com- 
bined effect of two or more forces, acting in different di- 
rections. 

RE-SULT'ING, ppr. 1. Proceeding as a consequence, ef- 
fect or conclusion of something; coming to a determina- 
tion. — 2. In laic, resulting use is a use which returns to 
him who raised it, after its exphation or during the impes- 
sibiljty of vesting in the person intended. 

RE-SuM'A-BLE, a. [from resume.] That may be taken 
back, or that may be taken up again. 

RE-SUME', V. t. [L. resumo.] 1. To take back what has 
been given. 2. To take back what has been taken away. 
3. To take again after absence. 4. To take up again af- 
ter interruption ; to begin again. 

RE-SuM'ED, (re-zumd') pp. Taken back ; taken again ; 
begun again after interruption. 

RE-StJM'ING, ppr. Taking back ; taking again ; beginning 
agaia after interruption. 

RE-SUM'MON, V. t. 1. To summon or call again. 2 To 
recall ; to recover. Bacon. 

RE-SUM'MONED, jip. Summoned again ; recovered. 

RE-SUM'iAION-ING, pvr. Recalling ; recovering. 

RE-SUMP'TION, 77. [Fr. ; L. resumptus.] The act of re- 
suming, taking back or taking again. 

RE-SUMP'TlVE, a. Taking back or again. 

RE-SU'PI-NATE, a. [h. resupinatus.] In botany, reversed; 
turned upside down. 

RE-SU-PI-Na'TION, 77. The state of lying on the back 5 
the state of being resupinate or reversed, as a corol. 

RE-Su'PlNE, a. Lying on the back. 

RES-UR-RE€'TI0N, n. [Fr. ; L. resurrectus.] A rising 
again ; chiefly, the revival of the dead of the human race, 
•or their return from the grave, particularly at the general 
judgment. 

RE-SUR-VEY', V. t. [re and survey.] To survey again or 
anew ; to review. Shak. 

RE-SUR'VEY, 77. A second survey. 

RE-SUR-VEY'ED, (re-sur-vade') pp. Surveyed again. 

RE-SUR-VEY'ING, pp. Surveying ane w ; reviewing. 

RE-SUS'CI-TATE, v. t. [L. resuscito.] 1. To revivi- 
fy ; to revive ; particularly, to recover from apparent - 
death. 2. To reproduce, as a mixed body from its ashes. 



*SC6 Syonpsia. i, E, I, O, U, T, long.— FS.R, FALL, WH^T ;— PRgY;— PIN, MARINE, BiRDj— f Obsolete. 



RET 



699 



REl 



RE-SUS'CI-TA-TED, pp. Revived ; revivified ; reproduced. 

RE-SUS'CI-TA-TING, ppr. Reviving ; revivifying ; repro- 
ducing. 

RE-SUS-Cr-TA'TION, n. 1. The act of reviving from a 
state of apparent death ; the state of being revivified. 2. 
The reproducing of a mixed body from its ashes. 

RE-StrS'CI-TA-TiVE, a. Reviving ; revivifying ; raising 
from apparent death ; reproducing. 

* RE-TAIL', > V. t. [Fr. retaillen It. ritagliare.] 1. To 

*EeTAIL, \ sell in small quantities or parcels, from the 
sense of cutting or dividing. 2. To sell at second hand. 
Pope. 3. To tell in broken parts ; to tell to many. 

Retail, 71, Tlie sale of commodities in small quantities 
or parcels, or at second hand. Addison. 

RE-TAIL'ED, (re-tald') pp. Sold in small quantities. 

B,E-TaIL'ER, } n. One who sells goods by small quanti- 

lii: TAIL-ER, \ ties or parcels. 

RE-TaILING, ppr. Selling in small quantities. 

RE-TaIN', ^. £. [Fr. retenir ; It. ritenere; Sp. retener ; L. 
retineo.] 1. To hold or keep in possession ; not to lose 
or pnrt with or dismiss. 2. To keep, as an associate ; to 
keep from departure. 3. To keep back ; to hold. 4. To 
liold from escape. 5. To keep in pay ; to hire. 6. To 
engage ; to employ by a fee paid. 

t RE-TaIN', v. i. 1. To belong to ; to depend on. Boyle. 
2. To keep ; to continue. 

RE-TaIN'ED, (re-tand') pp. Held ; kept in possession ; 
kept as an associate ; kept in pay ; kept from escape. 

RE-TaIN'ER, n. 1. One who retains ; as an executor, who 
retains a debt due from the testator. 2. One who is kept 
in service ; an attendant. 3. An adherent ; a depend- 
ent; a hanger-on. 4. A servant, not a domestic, but occa- 
sionally attending and wearing his master's livery. — 5. 
Among lawyers, a fee paid to engage a lawyer or counsel- 
or to maintain a cause. 6. The act of keeping depend- 
ents, or being in dependence. 

RE-TaIN'ING, ppr. Keeping in possession ; keeping as an 
associate ; keeping from escape ; hiring ; engaging by a 
fee. 

RE-TaKE', v. t. ; pret. retook ; pp. retaken, [re and take.'] 
1. To take again. Clarendon. 2. To take from a captor 3 
to recapture. 

RE-TaK ER, n. One who takes again what has been taken j 
a recaptor. Kent. 

RE-TaK'ING, ppr. Taking again ; taking from a captor. 

RE-TaKTNG, n. A taking again ; recapture. 

RE-TAL'I-ATE, v. t. [Low L. retalio.] To return like for 
like ; to repay or requite by an act of the same kind as 
has been received. 

RE-TAL'I-ATE, v. i. To return like for like. 

RE-TAL'I-A-TED,pp. Returned, as like for like. 

RE-TAL'I-A-TING,ppr. Returning like for like. 

RE-TAL-I-A'TION, 71. 1. The return of like for like ; the 
doing that to another which he has done to us ; requital 
of evil. — 2. In a ffood sense, return of good for good. 

RE-TAL'I-A-TO-RY, a. Returning like for like. Canning. 

RE-TaRD', v. t. [Fr. retarder ; L. retardo.] 1. To diminish 
the velocity of motion , to hinder ; to render more slow in 
progress. 2. To delav ; to put off; to render more late. 

t RE-TARD', V. i. To stav back. Brown. 

RE-TARD-A'TION, n. The act of abating the velocity of 
motion ; hinderance ; the act of delaying. 

RE-TaRD'ED, pp. Hindered in motion ; delayed. 

RE-TaRD'ER, n. One that retards, hinders or delays. 

RE-TARD'ING, ppr. Abating the velocity of motion ; hin- 
dering ; delaying. 

RE-TARD MENT, n. The act of retarding or delaying. 

RETCH, V. i. [Sax. hrcecan.] To make an efibrt to vomit ; 
to heave ; as the stomach ; to strain. 

t RETCH'LESS, a. Careless. [See Reckless.] Dri/den. 

KE-TE€'TION, n. [L. retectus.] The act of disclosing or 
producing to view something concealed. 

RE-TENT', 71. That which is retained. Kirwan. 

RE-TEN'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. retentio, retineo.] 1. The 
power of retaining ; the faculty of the mind by which it 
retains ideas. — 2. In 7nedicine, the power of retaining, or 
that state of contraction in the solid or vascular parts of 
the body, by wjiich they hold their proper contents and 
prevent involuntary evacuations ; undue retention of some 
natural discharge. 3. The act of withholding ; restraint, 
i. Custody ; confinement ; [obs.] 

RE-TEN'TIVE, a. [Fr. reteiitif.] Plaving the power to 
retain. 

t RE-TEN'TIVE, n. Restraint. Bp. Hall. 

RE-TEN'TIVE-NESS, n. The quality of retention. 

t RE-TEX , V. t. [L. retexo.] To unweave ; to undo ; to 
annul by anv action. Hacket. 

RET'I-CENCE, ) n. [Fr. reticence ; L. reticentia.] Con- 

RET'I-CEN-CY, i cealment by silence. — In rhetoric, apo- 
siopesis or suppression. 

RETICLE, 71. [L. reticulum.] 1. A small net. 2. A 
contrivance to measure the quantity of an eclipse ; a kind 
of micrometer. 

RE-TIC'U-LAR, a. Having the form of a net or of net- 



work ; formed with iiiterstices. — In anatomy, the reticular 
body, or rete mucosum, is the layer of the skin, intemriedi- 
ate between the cutis and the cuticle, the principal seat of 
color in maw. 

RE-Tl€'U-LATE, ) o. [L reticulatus.] Netted : resem- 

RE-TIC'U-LA-TED, \ bling net-work ; having distinct 
veins crossing like net-work. 

RE-TI€-U-La'TION, 7i. Net-work; organization of sub- 
stances resem'jling a net. Darwin. 

RET'I-FORM, a. [L. retiformis.] Having the form of a 
net in texture ; composed of crossing lines and interstices. 

RET'I-NA, n. [L.] In anat07ny, one of the. coats of the 
eye, being an expansion of the optic nerve over the bot- 
tom of the eye, where the sense of vision is first received. 

RET-I-NAS-PHALT', «, A bituminous or resinous sub- 
stance of a yellowish or reddish brown. 

RET'I-NITE, n. [Gr. pvnvn.] Pitchstone. 

*RET'I-NUE, n. [Fr. retenue.] The attendants of a pnnce 
or distinguished personage, chiefly on a journey or an 
excursion ; a train of persons. 

RET-I-RaDE', 71. [Fr.] In fortification, a kind of retrench- 
ment in the body of a bastion or other work. 

RE-TiRE', -u. i. [Fr. retirer.] 1. To withdraw; to retreat; 
to go froin company or from a public place into privacy. 
2. To retreat from action or danger. 3. To withdraw 
from a public station. 4. To break up, as a company or 
assembly. 5. To depart or withdraw for safety or for 
pleasure. 6. To recede ; to fall back. 

t RE-TIRE', V. t. To withdraw ; to take away. 

JRE-TlRE', n. 1. Retreat; recession; a withdrawing. 
S/iak. 2. Retirement ; place of privacy. Milto7i. 

RE-TTR'ED, (re-tird') a. 1. Secluded from much society or 
from public notice ; private. 2. Secret ; private. 3. With- 
dra\yn. Locke. 

RE-TlR'ED-LY, ado. In solitude or privacy. Sherwood. 

RE-TIR'ED-NESS, ?i, A state of retirement; solitude; 
privacy or secrec}'. Atterbury. 

RE-TIRE'MENT, n. 1. The act of withdrawing from com- 
pany or from public notice or station. 2. The state of 
being withdrawn. 3. Private abode ; habitation secluded 
from much society or from public life. 4. Private way of 
life 

RE-TlR'ING, ppr. 1. Withdrawing; retreating; going 
into seclusion or solitude. 2. a. Reserved ; not forward or 
obtrusive. 

RE-ToLD', pret. and pp. of retell ; as a story retold. 

RE-TORT', V. t. [L. retortus.] 1. To throw back ; to re- 
verberate. 2. To return an argument, accusation, censure 
or incivility. 3. To bend or curve back. 

RE-TORT', V. i. To return an argument or charge ; to make 
a severe reply. 

RE-TORT', ?i. 1. The return of an argument, charge 01 
incivility in reply. — 2. In chemistry, a spherical vessel 
v.'ith its neck bent, to which the receiver is fitted. 

RE-TORT'ED, pp. Returned ; thrown back ; bent back 

RE-TORT'ER, 7i. One that retorts. 

RE-TORT'ING, ppr. Returnins; throwing back. 

RE-TOR'TION, 71. The act of retorting. Spenser. 

RE-TOSS', V. t. [re and toss.] To toss back. Pope. 

RE-TOSS'ED, (re-tosf) pp. Tossed back. 

RE-TOSS'ING, ppr. Tossing back. 

RE-T6UCH', (re-tuch') v. t. [re and touch.] To improve 
by new touches ; as, to retouch a picture or an essay, 
Dniden. Pope. 

RE-T6UCH'ED, (re-tuchf) pp. Touched again. 

RE-ToUCH'ING, (re-tuch'ing) ppr. Improving b^ new 
touches. 

RE-TRACE', V. t. [Fr. retracer.] 1. To trace back ; to go 
back in the same path or course 2. To trace back, as a line. 

RE-TRA'CED, (re-trasf) pp. Traced back. 

RE-TR A'CING, ppr. Tracing back. 

RE-TRACT', v.t. [¥x. retracter ; L. retractus.] 1. To re- 
call, as a declaration, words or saying ; to disavow ; to 
recant. 2. To take back ; to rescind ; [little used.] 3. 
To draw back, as claws. 

RE-TRACT', V. i. To take back ; to unsay ; to withdraw 
concession or declaration. 

RE-TRACT', n. Among horsemen, the prick of a horse's foot 
in nailing a shoe. 

RE-TRACT'A-BLE, a. That may be retracted or recalled. 

RE-TRACTATE, v. t. [L. retractatus.] To recant ; to unsay 

RE-TRAC-Ta'TION, 71. [Fr. ; L. retractatio.] The recall- 
ing of what has been said , recantation ; change 01 
opinion declared. 

RE-TRACT'ED, pp. Recalled; recanted; disavowed. 

RE-TR ACT'I-BLE, a. That may be drawn oack ; retractile 
Journ. of Science. 

RE-TRACT'iLE, a. Capable of being drawn back. 

RE-TRACT'ING, ppr. Recalling ; disavowing ; recanting 

RE-TRACTION, ?!. L The act of withdrawingsometliing 
advanced, or changing something done. 2. Recantation ; 
iisavowal of the truth of what has been said ; declaration 
of change of opinion. 3. Act of withdrawing a claim. 

RE-TRACT'IVE, a. Withdrawing ; taking from. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL UNITE € as K ; G as J 3 S as Z j CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



RET 



700 



REV 



KE-TRA€T'I\'E, n. That which withdraws or takes from. 

IEE-TRaICT', (re-trate')7i. Retreat. [See Retreat.] Bacon. 

RE-TRaIT', 71. [It. ritratto.] A cast of couiitenance ; a 
picture. Spe7iser. 

RE-TRAX'IT, 71. [L. retraho, retraxi.] In law, the with- 
drawing or open renunciation of a suit in court, by which 
the plaintiff loses his action. 

RE-TReAT', 71. [Fr. retraite ; L, retractus.] 1. The act 
of retiring ; a withdrawing of one's self from any place. 
2. Retirement ; state of privacy or seclusion from noise, 
bustle or company. 3. Place of retirement or privacy. 
4. Place of safety or secui-ity. — 5. In military affairs, 
the retiring of an aimy or body of men from the face of 
an enemy, or from any ground occupied, to a greater dis- 
tance from the enemy, or from an advanced position. A 
retreat is properly an orderly march, in which circum- 
stance it differs from a fiight. 6. The withdrawing of a 
ship or fleet from an enemy 3 or the order and disposition 
of ships declining an engagement. 7. The beat of the 
drum at the hring of the evening gun, to warn soldiers to 
forbear firing and the sentinels to challenge. 

RE-TReAT', v. i. 1. To retire from any position or place. 
2. To withdraw to a private abode or to any secluded sit- 
uation. 3. To retire to a place of safety or security, 4. 
To move back to a place before occupied ; to retire. 5. 
lo retire from an enemy or ft-om any advanced position. 

RE-TReAT'ED, as a passive participle, though used by 
Jililton, is not good English. 

RE-TRENCH', v. t. [Fr. retrancher.] 1. To cut off; to 
pare away. 2. To lessen ; to abridge ; to curtail. 3. To 
confine; tolunit; [not proper.] Addison. 

RE-TREXCH', v. i. To live at a less expense. 

RE TREXCH'ED, (re-trenchf) /'i?. Cutoff; curtailed. 

RETRENCHING, ppr. Cutting off ; curtailing. 

RE-TRENCH'31ENT, 71. [Fr. retraacliement ; Sp. atrinche- 
ramiento.] I. The act of lopping off; tbe act of removing 
v/hat is superfluous. 2. The act of curtailing, lessening 
or abridging ; diminution. — 3. In military affairs, any 
work raised to cover a post and fortify it against an ene- 
my. Encnc. 

* RE TRIB UTE, v. t. [Fr. retrihuer ; L. retribuo.] To pay 
back ; to make payment, compensation or reward in leturn. 

*RE TRIB'U-TED,p;). Paid back; given in return; re- 
warded. 

RE-TRIB U-TER, n. One that makes retribution. 

*RE-TRIB'U-TING,2J;?7-. Requiting; making repayment; 
rewarding. 

RET-RI-BC'TION, 71. [Fr.] 1. Repayment; return accom- 
modated to the action ; reward ; compensation. 2. A 
gratuity or present given for services in the place of a 
salary. 3. The distribution of rewards and punishments 
at the general judgment. 

RE-TRIB U-TlVE, ) a. Repaving ; rewarding for good 

RE-TRIB'U-TO-RY, \ deeds, and punishing for offenses. 

RE-TRIeV'A-BLE, a. That may be retrieved or recovered. 

RE-TRIeVE', v. t. [Fr. retrouver ; It. ritrovare.] 1. To 
recover ; to restore from loss or injury to a foimer good 
state. 2. To repair. 3. To regain. 4. To recall; to 
bring back. 

fRE-TRlEVE', n. A seeking again ; a discovery 

RE-TRIeV' ED, (re-treevd' );>;). Recovered; re 
gainedj recalled. 

RE-TRIeV'1NG, ppr. Recovering ; repairing; recalling. 

RET-RO-AC TION, n. [L. retro., and action.] 1. Action 
returned, or action backwards. 2. Operation on something 
past or preceding. 

RET-RO-AC TIVE, a. [Fr. retroactif.] Operating by return- 
ed action ; affecting what is past ; retrospective. 

RET-RO-A€'TIVE-LY, adv. By returned action or opera- 
tion ; by operating on something past. 

RET-RO-CeDE', v. t. [L, retro and cedo ; Fr. retroceder.] 
To cede or grant back ; as, to retrocede a territory to a 
former proprietor. 

RET-RO-CeU'ED, pp. Granted back. 

RET-RO-CeD ING, ppr. Ceding back. 

RET-RO-CES'SION, n. 1. A ceding or granting back to 
a former proprietor. 2. The act of going back. 

RET-RO-UUC TION, 71. [L.. retroduco.] A bringing back. 

RET'RO-FLEX, a. [1.. retro and flexus.] In botany, bent 
this wav and that, or in different directions. 

RETiRO-FRACT, ) a. [L. retro and fractus.] Reduced 

RET-RO-FRACT'ED, \ to hang down as it were by force 
so as to appear as if broken. 

RET-RO-GRA-Da TION, 77. [Fr.] 1. The act of moving 
backwards ; applied to the apparent motion of the planets. 
2. A movins backwards ; decline in excellence. 

RET'RO-GRADE, a. [Fr. ; L. retrogradior.] 1. Going or 
moving backwards.— 2. In astronomy, apparently moving 
backward and contrary to the succession of the signs, as 
a planet. 3. Declining from a better to a worse state. 

RET'RO-GRADE, v. i. [Fr. retrograder ; L. retrogradior.] 
To eo or move backward. Bacon. 

RET RO-GRADE, v. t. To cause to go backward. 

RET-RO-GRES SION;, n. The act of going backward. 



RET-RO-GRESS'IVE, a. Going or moving backward ; d 
dining from a more perfect to a less perfect state. 

RET-RO-MIN'GEN-CY, u. [L. retro and mingo.] The act 
or quality of discharging the contents of the bladder back 
wards. 

RET-RO-MIN'GENT, a. Discharging the urine backwards 

RET-RO-MIN'GENT, n. In zoology, an animal that dis- 
charges its urine backwards. 

RET-RO-PUL'SIVE, a. [L. retro and pulsus.] Driving 
back ; repelling. Med. Repos. 

RE-TRORSELY, (re-trors'ly) adv. [L. retrorsum.] In a 
backward direction. Eaton. 

RET'RO-SPECT, 7?. [L. retro and specio.] A looking back 
on tilings past ; view or contemplation of something past. 

RET-RO-SPEC'TION, n. 1. The act of looking back on 
things past. 2. The faculty of looking back on past things. 

RET-RO-SPECT'IVE, a. 1. Looking back on past events. 
2. Having reference to what is past ; affecting things past 

RET-RO-SPE€T'IVE-LY, adv. By way of retrospect. 

RET-RO-VER'SION, 77. A turning or falling backwards. 

RET'RO-VERT, v. t. To turn back. 

RET'RO-VERT-ED, a. [1.. retro and verto.] Turned back 

RE-TRtiDE', V. t. [L. reirudo.] To thrust back. 

fRE-TRuSE', a. [L.retrusus.] Hidden ; abstruse. 

RE-TUND', V. t. [L. retundo.] To blunt ; to turn ; to dull. 

RE-TURN', V. i. [Fr. retourner ; It. ritornare ; Sp. retor- 
nar.] 1. To come or go back to the same place. 2. To 
come to the same state. 3. To answer. 4. To come 
again ; to revisit. 5. To appear or begin again after a 
periodical revolution. 6. To show fresh signs of mercy 
To repent of sin. Scripture. 

RE-TURN', V. t. I. To bring, carry or send back. 2. To 
repay. 3. To give in recompense or requital. 4. To 
give back in reply. 5. To tell, relate or communicate. 
6. To retort ; to recriminate. 7. To render an account, 
usually an oflicial account to a superior. 8. To render 
back to a tribunal or to an office. 9. To report ofiicially 
10. To send; to transmit; to convey. 

RE-TURN', n. 1. The act of coming or going back to the 
same place. 2. The act of sending back. 3. The act of 
putting in the former place. 4. Retrogression ; the act of 
moving back. 5. The act or process of corning back to a 
former state. 6. Revolution; a peri«*/lical coming to the 
same point. 7. Periodical renewal. 8. Repayment ; re- 
imbursement in kind or in something equivalent, for mon- 
ey expended or advanced, or for labor. 9, Profit ; advan- 
tage. JO. Remittance ; payment from a distant place. 11. 
Repayment; retribution; requital. 12. Act of restoring or 
giving back ; restitution. 13. Either of the adjoinuig 
sides of the front of a house or ground-plot, is called a re- 
turn side. — 14. In law, the rendering back or delivery of 
a writ, precept or execution, to the proper olficer or court ; 
or the certificate of the ofiicer executing it, indorsed. 15. 
A day in bank. The day on which the defendant is or- 
dered to appear in court, and the sheriff is to bring in the 
writ, and report his proceedings, is called the return of the 
writ. — 16. In military and naval affairs, an official account, 
report or statement rendered to the commander. 

RE-TURN'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be returned or restored. 
— 2. In Za?c, that is legally to be returned, delivered, given 
or rendered. 

RE-TURN'-DAY, n. The day when tlie defendant is to 
appear in court, and the sheriff is to return the writ and 
his proceedings. 

RE-TURN'ED, (re-turnd') ;?;?. Restored; given or sent back. 

RE-T17RN'ER, 77. One who returns; one that repays or 
remits monej". 

RE-TURN'ING, ppr. Giving, carrving or sending back. 

RE-TURN'ING-OF'FI-CER, 77. The officer whose duty it 
is to make returns of writs, precepts, juries, &c. 

RE-TURN'LESS, a. Admitting no return. [LiPJe used.] 

RE-TuSE', a. [L. retusus.] In botany, a retusc leaf is one 

' ending in a blunt sinus. Lee. 

RE-UN'ION, 71. 1. A second union ; union formed anew 
after separation or discord. — 2. In medicine, union of parts 
separated by wounds or accidents. 

RE-U-NlTE', V. t. [re and unite.] 1. To unite again ; to 
join after separation. 2. To reconcile after variance. 

RE-U-NlTE', V. i. To be united again ; to join and cohere 
again ._ 

RE-U-NiT'ED, pp. United or joined again ; reconciled. 

tRE-U-Nl'TION, 7!. Second conjunction. Knatchhull. 

RE-U-NiT ING.p/^r. Uniting again ; reconciling. 

REuS'SITE, 77. [from Rev^s.] A sah. 

RE-VAL-U-A'TION, 77. A fresh valuation. 

REVE, 77. [Sax. gerefa.] The bailiff of a franchi',e or 
manor. It is usually written reeve. 

RE-VeAL', 77. t. [Fr. reveler^ L,. revelo.] 1. To disclose; 
to discover ; to show ; to make known something before 
unknown or concealed. 2. To disclose, discover or make 
known from heaven. 

RE-VeAL', 7J. A revealing; disclosure. Brown. 

RE-VeAL'ED, (re-veeld') pp. Discl()sed; discovered ; made 
known ; laid open. 



* See Synopsii A, E I O V,Y,long.—FkR,FAhL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, JL^RiNE, BIRD ,— i Obanltie 



REV 



701 



REV 



RE-VSAI/EIl, n. 1. One that discloses or makes known. 
2. One that brings to view. Dryden. 

EE-VeAL'ING, ppr. Disclosing; discovering; making 
known. 

RE-VeAL'MENT, n. The act of revealing. [L. u.] South. 

RE-VEII/LE, I .^ „^r„^, S n. [Fr. reveiller.] In military 

BEV'EL-LY, \ (-re-veiya; | affairs, the beat of drum 
about break of day, to give notice that it is time for the 
soldiers to rise and for the sentinels to forbear challenging. 
[This word might well be anglicizedrer'e/Zi/.] 

REVEL, V. i. [D. revelen.] 1. To feast with loose and 
clamorous merriment ; to carouse ; to act the bacchanalian. 
2. To move playfully or without regularity. 

REV EL, n. A feast with loose and noisy jollity. 

RE-VEL'. V. t. [L. revello.'] To draw back ; to retract ; 
to make' a revulsion. Harvey. 

REV-E-La'TION, 71. [Fr. ; L. revelatiLs.] 1. The act of 
disclosing to others what was before unknown to them ; 
appropriately, the disclosure or communication of truth to 
men by God himself, or by his authorized agents, the 
prophets and ipostles. 2. That which is revealed ; appro- 
priately, the sacred truths which God has communicated 
to man for his instruction and direction. 3. The Apoca- 
lypse ; the last book of the sacred canon. 

RE'V'EL-LER, n. One who feasts with noisy merriment. 

REV'EL-ING, ppr. Feasting with noisy merriment. 

REV EL-LNG, n. Afeasting with noisy merriment ; revehy. 
Gal. V. 

REVEL-ROUT, n. 1. Tumultuous festivity. 2. A mob ; 
a rabble tumultuously assembled ; an unlawful assembly. 

REVEL-RY, n. iVoisy festivity ; clamorous jollity. 

RE-VEX DI-CATE, v. t. [Fr. revendiquer.] To reclaim 
what has been taken away ; to claim to have restored 
what has been seized. 

RE-VEN D,I-€A-TED, pp. Reclaimed; regained. 

RE-VEX DI-€A-TIXG, p;?r. Reclaiming; recovering. 

RE-VEX'^-DI-€a'TIOX, n. [Fr.] The act of reclaiming or 
demanding the restoration of any thing taken by an ene- 
my ; as by right of postliminium. 

RE-VEX6E', (re-venj') t. t. [Fr. revancher, venger ; Sp. 
vengar.l^ 1. To inflict pain or injury in return for an in- 
jury received. 2. To inflict pain deliberately and mali- 
ciously, contrary to the laws of justice and humanity, in 
return for injury received. 3. To vindicate by punish- 
ment of an enemy. 

RE-VEXGE , (re-venj') 72. \¥x. revanche.'] 1. Return of an 
injury ; the deliberate infliction of pain or injury on a per- 
son in return for an injury received from. him. 2. A 
malicious or spiteful infliction of pain or injury, contrary 
to the laws of justice and Christianity, in return for an 
injury or offense. 3. The passion which is excited by an 
injury done or an affront given. 

RE-VEX*G'ED, (re-venjd');/p. Punished in return for an 
injury ; spitefully punished. 

RE- YEXGE FUL, a. 1. Full of revenge or a desire to inflict 
pain or evil for injury received; spiteful; malicious; 
wreakins revenge. 2. Vindictive : inilicting punishment. 

RE-VEX6E'FUL-LY, (re-venj ful-ly) adv. By way of re- 
venge ; vindictively ; with the spirit of revense. Dryden. 

RE-VEXGE'FUL-XESS, 7i. Vnidictiveness. More. 

RE-ATIXGE'LESS, (re-venj les) a. Unrevenged. Marston. 

RE-VEXGE'MEXT,7i. Revenge ; return of an injury. [L. «.] 

RE-VEXG'ER, n. 1. One who revenges; one who inflicts 
pain on another spitefully in return for an injury. 2. One 
who inflicts just punishment for injuries ; [less proper.] 

RE-VEXG IXG, ppr. 1. Inflicting pain or evil spitefully for 
injurv or affront received. 2. Vindicating ; punishing. 

RE-VEXG'IXG-LY, adv. With revenge ; with the spirit of 
revenge ; vindictively. Shak. 

*REV'E-XUE, 71. [FT.revenu: L,. revenio.] 1. In a. gener- 
al sense, the annual rents, profits, interest or issues of any 
species of property, real or personal, belonging to an in- 
dividual or to the public. When used of individuals, it is 
equivalent to income. — In modern usage, income is applied 
more generally to the rents and profits of individuals, and 
revenue to those of the state. 2. The annual produce of 
taxes, excise, customs, duties, rents, &;c. which a nation 
or state collects and receives into the treasury for public 
use. 3. Return ; reward. 4. A fleshy lump on the head 
of a deer. 

t RE-VERB' 1-. t. To reverberate. Shak. 

RE-VERB'ER-AXT, a. [l..reverberans.] Returning sound ; 
resounding ; driving back. Shak. 

RE-VERB'ER-ATE, t;. t. [L. reverb ero.] 1. To return, as 
sound ; to send back ; to echo. 2. To send or beat back ; 
to i-epel ; to reflect. 3. To send or drive back ; to repel 
from side to side. 

RE-VERB'ER-ATE, v. i. I. To be driven back ; to be re- 
pelled, as ravs of light, or sound. 2. To resound. 

RE-VERB'ER-ATE, a. Reverberant. Shak. 

RE-VERB ER-A-TED,^p. Driven back ; sent back ; driven 
% from side to side. 

RE-VERB ER-A-TIXG, ppr. Driving or sending back; re- 
flecting, as light ; echoing, as sound. 



RE-VERB-ER-A'TION, n. [Fr.] The act of driving or send 
ing back ; particularly, the act of reflecting light £ind heat, 
or repelling sound. 

RE-VERB ER-A-TO-RY, a. Returning or drivmg back. 

RE-VERB'ER-A-TO-RY, n. A furnace with a kind of dome 
that reflects the flame upon a vessel placed within it, so 
as tq_surround it. 

RE-VeRE', v. t. [Fr. reverer ; It. reverire ; L. revereor.] 
To regard with fear mingled with respect and affection , 
to venerate ; to reverence ; to honor in estimation. 

RE-VeR'ED, (re-veerd ) pp. Regarded with fear mingled 
with respect and affection. 

REV'ER-EXCE, n. [Fr. ; L. reverentia.] I. Fear mingled 
with respect and esteem ; veneration. — Reverence is near- 
ly equivalent to veneration, but expresses something less 
of the same emotion. It differs from awe, which is an 
emotion compounded of fear, dread or terror, with adnii- 
I ration of something great, but not necessarily implying 
love or affection. We feel reverence for a parent, and for 
an upright magistrate, but we stand in awe of a tyrant. 
2. An act of respect or obeisance ; a bow or courtesy. 3. 
A title of the clergy. 4. A poetical title of a father. 

REV'ER-EXCE, v. t. To regEird witn reverence ; to regard 
with fear mingled with respect and affection. 

REVER-EXCED, pp. Regarded with fear mingled with 
respect and affection. 

REV''ER-EX"-CER, n. One that regards with reverence. 

REVER-EX-CIXG, ppr. Regarding with fear mixed with 
respect and affection. 

REVER-EXD, a. [Fr. ; L. reverendu^.] 1. Worthy of rev- 
erence ; entitled to respect mingled with fear and affec- 
tion. 2. A title of respect given to the clergy or ecclesi- 
astics, 

REV'ER-EX'T, a. 1. Expressing reverence, veneration or 
submission. 2. Submissive ; humble ; impressed with 
reverence. 

REV-ER-EX'TIAL, a. [from reverence.] Proceeding from 
reverence, or expressing it. South. 

REV-ER-EX'TIAL-LY, adv. With reverence, or show of 
reverence. Brown. 

REV ER-EXT-LY, adv. 1. With reverence ; with respect- 
ful regard. 2. With veneration ; with fear of what is 
great or terrifying. 

RE-VeR'ER, 7?'. One who reveres or venerates. 

REV ER-IE. See Revert. 

RE-VeR IXG, ppr. Regarding with fear mixed with re- 
spect and affection ; veneratmg. 

RE-VERS' AL, a. Intended to reverse ; implying reverse. 
B timet. 

RE-VERS'AL, n. A change or overthrowing. 

RE-VERSE', (re-vers') v. t. [L. reversus.] 1. To turn up- 
side domi. 2. To overturn ; to subvert. 3. To turn 
back. 4. To turn to the contrary. 5. To put each in the 
place of the other. — 6. In laic, to overthrow by a contra- 
rv decision ; to make void ; to annul. 7. To recall ; [obs.] 

IRE- VERSE', (re-vers') i-. i. To return. Spenser. 

RE-VERSE', (re-vers) ?). 1. Change ; vicissitude ; a turn 
of affairs ; in a good sense. 2. Change for the worse ; 
misfortune. 3. A contrary ; an opposit'e. 4. [Fr. revers.] 
The reverse of a medal or coin is the second or back side, 
opposite to that on which the head or principal figure is 
impressed. 

RE-VERS'ED, (re-versf) pp. 1. Turned side for side or end 
for end ; changed to the contrary. — 2. In lajc, overthrown 
or annulled — 3. a. In botany, resupinate ; having the upper 
lip larser and more expanded than the lower. 

RE-VERS ED-LY, adv. In a reversed manner. South. 

RE-VERSE'LESS, a. Xot to be reversed ; iiTeversible. 

RE-VERSE'LY. adv. On the other hand ; on the opposite 

RE-VERS I-BLE, a. That may be reversed. 

RE-VERS'IXG, ppr. Turning upside down ; subverting 
turning the contrary way ; annulling, 

RE-VER'SIOX, 7?. [Fr. ; L. reversio.] 1. In a general sense, 
a retummg ; appropriately, in law, the returning of an 
estate to the grantor or his heirs, after a particular estate 
is ended. 2. The residue of an estate left in the grantor, 
to commence in possession after the determination of the 
particular estate granted. 3. Succession ; right to future 
possession or enjoyment. — 4. In algebra, reversion of se- 
ries, a kind of reversed operation of an infinite series. 

RE-VER SIOX-A-RY, a. Pertaining to a reversion, that is, 
to be enjoyed in succession, or after the determination of 
a particular estate. 

RE-VER SIOX^-ER, n. The person who has a reversion, or 
who is entitled to lands or tenements, after a particular 
estate sranted is determined. 

RE-VERT', V. t. [L. reverto.] 1. To turn back ; to turn to 
the contrary ; to reverse. "2. To drive or turn back ; to 
reverberate. 

RE- VERT', V. i. 1. To return ; to fall back.— 2. In law, to 
return to the proprietor, after the determinalio' of a par- 
ticular estate. 

RE-VERT', 71. In music, return ; recurrence ; antistrophe 
Peacham. 



* See SimnpsL'i. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UXITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in thtJi. f 



REV 



702 



REV 



SE-VERT'ED, jrp. Reversed ; turned back. 

KE-VERT'Ei«T, n. A medicine which restores the natural 
order of the inverted, irritatii e motions in the animal sys- 
tem. Darwin. 

RE-VERT' t-bLE, a. That may revert or return. 

RE-VERT'ING, pjjr. Turning back ; returning. 

RE-VERT'IVE, a. Changing ; reversing. Thomson. 

* REV'ER-Y, ) n. [Fr. reverie. It is often written in Eng- 

* REV ER-IE, \ lish as in French.] 1. Properly, a raving 

or delirium ; but its sense, as generally used, is a loose or 
irregular train of thoughts, occurring in musing or medi- 
tation j wild, extravagant conceit of the fancy or imagina- 
tion. 2. A chimera ; a vision. 

RE-VEST', V. t, [Fr. revitir.] 1. To clothe again. 2. To 
reinvest ; to vest again with possession or office. 3. To 
lay out in something less fleeting than money. 

RE- VEST', v.i. To take effect again, as a title ; to return 
to a former owner. 

RE-VEST'ED, pp. Clothed again ; invested anew. 

RE-VEST'IA-RY, n. [Fr. revestiaire ; L. revestio.l The 
place or apartment in a church or temple where the dresses 
are deposited. 

RE-VET'MEiNT, n. [Fr. revitement.] In fortification , a 
strong wall on the outside of a rampart, intended to sup- 
port the earth. 

RE-Vi'BRATE, v. i. [re and vibrate.] To vibrate back or 
in return. 

RE-VI-BRa'TION, n. The act of vibrating back. 

tRE-VI€'TION, n. [L. re and victum.] Return to life. 

RE-VICT'UAL, (re-vit'tl) v. t. [re and victual.] To furnish 
again with provisions. Raleigh. 

RE-VICT'UALED, (re-vit'tld) pp. Furnished with victuals 
again. 

RE-VICT'UAL-ING, (re-vit'tl-ing) ppr. Supplying again 
withj)rovisions. 

f-RE-VlE', V. t. [re and vie.] To accede to the proposal of a 
stakeand to overtop it. B. Jonsori. 

f RE-ViE', v.i. To return the challenge of a wager at cards ; 
to make a rotort. Trial of the seven Bishops. 

RE-VIEW, (re-vu') v. t. [re and view ; or Fr. revoir, rcvu.] 
1. To look back on. Denham. 2. To see again. 3. To 
view and examine again ; to reconsider ; to revise. 4. To 
retrace, 5. To survey ; to inspect ; to examine the state 
of any thing, particularly of troops. 

RE-VIEW, (re-vu') n. [Fr. revue.] 1. A second or repeated 
view ; a re-examination ; resurvey. 2. Revision ; a sec- 
ond examination with a view to amendment or improve- 
ment. — 3. In vdlitary avoirs., an examination or inspection 
of troops under arms, by a general or commander, for the 
purpose of ascertaining the state of their discipline, equip- 
ments, &c. — 4. In literature, a critical examination of a 
new publication, with remarks. 5. A periodical pam- 
phlet containing examinations or analyses of new publica- 
tions. 

RE-VIEWED, (re-vude') pp. Resurveyed ; re-examined ; 
inspected ; critically analyzed. 

RE-VIEWER, (re-vu'er) n. One that reviews or re-exam- 
ines ; an inspector ; one that critically examines a new 
publication, and communicates his opinion upon its merits. 

RE- VIEWING, ppr. Looking back on ; seeing again ; re- 
vising ; re-examining ; inspecting, as an army ; critically 
examining and remarking on. 

tRE-VIG'OR-ATE, v t. [re and vigor.] To give new 
vigor to. 

RE-VlLE', V. t. [re and vile.] To reproach ; to treat with 
opprobrious and contemptuous language. 

|RE-VlLE', M. Reproach; contumely; contemptuous lan- 
guage. Milton. 

RE-VlL'ED, (re-vild') pp. Reproached ; treated with op- 
probrious or contemptuous language. 

f RE-ViLE'MENT, 7?,. Reproach; contemptuous language. 

RE-ViL'ER, n. One who reviles another ; one who treats 
another with contemptuous language. 

RE-ViL'ING, jjpr. Reproaching; treating with language of 
contempt. 

RE-VlL'ING, n. The act of reviling or treating with re- 
nroachful words. Is. li. 

RE-VlL'ING-LY, adv. With reproachful or contemptuous 
language ; with opprobrium. 

RE-VIN'DI-€ATE, v.t. To vindicate again; to reclaim; 
to demand and take back what has been lost. 

RE-VlS'AL, n. Revision ; the act of reviewing and re- 
examining for correction and improvement, 

RE-VlSE', V. t. [L. revisus, revise] 1. To review; to re- 
examine ; to look over with care for correction. 2. To 
review, alter and amend. 

RE-VTSE', n. 1. Review; re-examination. 2. Among prin- 
ters, a second proof sheet ; a proof sheet taken after the 
iirstcorrection. 

RE-VlS'ED, (re-vlzd') pp. Reviewed; re-examined for 
correction. 

RE-Vi.S'ER,n. One thatrevisesorre-examines for correction, 

EE-VIS'ING, ppr. Reviewing , re-examining for correc- 
tion. 



RE-VI"SION, 71. [Fr.] 1. The act of reviewing ; review , 
re-examination for correction. 2. Enumeration of inhab^ 
itants. 

lllvi'SKl^RY, i «• Pertaining to revision, 

RE-VIS'IT, w. t. [Fr. revisiter; 1,. revisito^] To visit again. 
Pope. 

RE-VIS-IT-A'TION, n. The act of revisiting. 

RE-VIS'IT-ED, pp. Visited again. 

RE-VIS'IT-ING, p;?r. Visiting again. 

RE-Vl'SOR, n. In Russia, one who has taken the number 
of inhabitants. Tooke. 

RE-Vi'VAL, n. 1. Return, recall or recovery to life from 
death or apparent death, 2, Return or recall to activity 
from a state of languor. 3. Recall, return or recovery 
from a state of neglect, oblivion, obscurity or depression 
4, Renewed and more active attention to religion; an 
awakening of men to their spiritual concerns, 

RE-VIVE', V. i. [Fr, revivre ; L. revivisco.] 1. To return to 
life ; to recover life, 2. To recover new life or vigor ; to 
be reanimated after depression. 3. To recover from a 
state of neglect, oblivion, obscurity or depression. — 4, In 
chemistry, to recover its natural state, as a metal, 

RE-VlVE', V. t. 1, To bring agahi to life ; to reanimate, 

2. To raise from languor, depression or discouragement ; 
to rouse. 3. To renew ; to bring into action after a sus- 
pension, 4. To renew in the mind or memory ; to re- 
call. 5. To recover from a state of neglect or depression. 

6, To recomfort ; to quicken ; to refresh with joy or hope., 

7, To bring again into notice, — 8, In cheiuistry, to restore 
or reduce to its natural state or to its metallic state. 

RE-ViV'ED, (re-vlvd') pp. Brought to hfe ; reanimated j 
renewed ; recovered ; quickened ; cheered ; reduced to a 
metallic state, 

RE-VlV'ER, n. That which revives; that which invigor- 
ates or refreshes ; one that redeems from neglect or de- 
pression, 

RE-VIV'I-FI-€ATE, v. t. [J r, revivifier ; L, re and vivifi- 
co.] To revive ; to recall or restore to life. [Little used.] 

RE-VIV-I-FI-€a'TION, n. 1. Renewal of life ; restoration 
of life ; or the act of recalling to life. — 2. In cheviistry, the 
reduction of a metal to its metalic state. 

RE-VIV'I-F-y, V. t. [Fr, revivifier.] 1. To recall to life ; to 
reanimate, 2, To give new life or vigor to. 

RE-VlV'ING, j?pr. Bringing to life again; reanimating; 
renewing ; recalling to the memory, 

REV-I-VIS'CENCE, ) n. Renewal of life ; return to life 

REV-I-VIS'CEN-CY, \ Burnet. 

REV-I-VIS'CENT, a. Reviving ; regaining or restoring life 
or action, Darwin. 

RE-Vi'VOR, 71. In laio, the reviving of a suit which is 
abated by the death of any of the parties. 

REV'0-€A-BLE, a, [Fr ; 1.. revocabilis.] That may be re- 
called or revoked ; that may be repealed or annulled. 

REV'0-€A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being revoca-, 
ble. 

fREVO-CATE, v.t. [L. revoco.] To recall ; to call back. 
See Revoke. 

REV-0-€a'TION, n. [Fr., from L. revocatio.] 1. The act 
of recalling or calling back. 2. State of being recalled 
Howell. 3. Repeal ; reversal. 

t REV'0-€A-TO-RY, a. Revoking; recalling. World of 
Wonders. 

RE-V6KE', v.t. [Fr. revoquer ; L. revoco.] 1. To recall ; 
to repeal ; to reverse. 2. To check ; to repress ; [obs.] 

3. To draw back ; [unusual.] 
RE-VoKE', V. i. To renounce at cards, 
RE-VoKE', n. The act of renouncing at card«, 
RE-VoK'ED, (re-vokf) pp. Repealed ; reversed, 
RE-VoKE'MENT, n. Revocation ; reversal. [Little used.] 
RE-VoK'ING, joj7r. Reversing; repealing. 

* RE-VOLT', v.i. [Fr, revolter ; It. rivoltare.] 1. To foil 

off or turn from one to another, 2. To renounce alle- 
giance and subjection to one's prince or state ; to reject 
the authority of a sovereign. 3. To change; [obs.] — 4. In 
Scripture, to disclaim allegiance and subjection to God. 
*RE-VOLT', V. t. 1. To turn ; to put to flight ; to overturn. 
Burke. 2, To shock ; to do violence to ; to cause to 
shrink or turn away with abhorrence, 

* RE-VOLT', Ti, I. Desertion ; change of sides; more err 
rectly, a renunciation of allegiance and subjection to one's 
prince or government. 2, Gross departure from duty 
Shak. — 3. In Scripture, a rejection of divine government 

4. A revolter ; [obs.] Shak. 

*RE-VOLT'ED, pp. 1. Having swerved from allegiance or 

duty. 2. Shocked ; grossly offended. 
* RE-VOLT'ER, 71. 1. One who changes sides ; a deserter. 

2. One who renounces allegiance and subjection to his 
prince or state. 

* RE-VOLT' ING, ppr, 1. Changing sides ; desertmg. 2 

Disclaiming allegiance and subjection to a prince or state 

3, Rejecting the authority of God. 4, a. Doing violence, # 
as to the fee'ings ; exciting abhorrence. 

REV'0-LU-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may revolve. Cotgrave. 



See Synopsis A, E I^ 6, U, Y, long.— FAR, F^LL, WHAT ;--PREY ;— PIN, MARINE BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



RHE 



VOJ 



RHY 



EEV O-LUTE, a. [L. revolutus.l In botany, rolled back or 
downwards. 

REV-O-LU'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. revolutus.] 1. In physics, 
rotation ; the circular motion of a body on its axis ; a 
course or motion which brings every point of the sur- 
face or periphery of a body back to the place at which it 
began to move. 2. The motion of a body round any fixed 
point or centre. 3. Motion of any thing which brings it 
to the same point or state. 4. Continued course marked 
by the regular return of years. 5. Space measured by 
some regular return of a revolving body or of a state of 
things. — 6. In politics, a material or entire change in the 
constitution of government. 7. Motion backward. Jii/fo«. 

REV-O-Lu'TlON-A-R Y, a. 1. Tertaining to a revolution in 
government. Burke, 2. Tending to produce a revolu- 
tion. 

REV-O-LU'TION-ER,, n I. A revolutionist. Ramsay. 2. 
In England, one who favored the revolution in 1688. 
Smollet. 

REV-0-Lu'TION-IST, n. One engaged in effecting a 
change of government; the favorer of a revolution. 
Burke. 

REV-O-LtJ'TION-lZE, v. t. I. To effect a change in the 
form of a political constitution. Jimes. 2. To effect an 
entire change of principles in. J. M. Mason. 

REV-O-LO'TION-lZED, pp. Changed in constitutional 
form and principles. 

REV-0-Lu'TION-lZ-ING, ' ppr. Changing the form and 
principles of a constitution. 

RE-VOLVE', V. i. [Old Fr. revolver ; L. rc-olvo.'] To roll 
in a circle ; to perform a revolution ; to fall back ; to re- 
turn. 

RE-VOLVE', V. t. [L. revolvo.] To roll any thing round ; 
to consider ; to meditate upon. Shak. 

RE-VOLV'EN-CY, n. State, act or principle of revolving ; 
revolution. Cowper. 

RE-VOM'IT, V. t. [re and vomit ; Fr. revo7nir.] To vomit 
or pour forth again ; to reject from the stomach. 

RE-VOM'IT-ED, pp. Vomited again. 

RE-VOM'IT-ING, ;>pr. Vomiting again. 

RE-VUL'SION, 71. [Fr. ; L. revulsus.] 1. In medicine, the 
act of turning or diverting a flux of humors or any cause 
of disease, from one part of the body to another. 2. The 
act of holding or drawing back. 

RE-VUL'SIVE, a. Having the power of revulsion. 

RE-VUL'SIVE, n. 1. That which has the power of divert- 
ing humors from one part to another. 2. That which has 
the power of withdrawing. ii'e/L 

f REW, rt. A row. Spenser. 

RE-WARD', V. t. [Norm, regarder ; Fr. and Norm, guer- 
don.]' To give in return, either good or evil. 

RE-WARD', n. 1. Recompense, or equivalent return for 
good done, for kindness, for services and the like. 2. The 
fruit of men's labor or works. 3. A bribe ; a gift to per- 
vert justice. Dcut. xxvii. 4. A sum of money offered for 
taking or detecting a criminal, or for recovery of any 
thing lost. 5. Punishment ; a just return of evil or suf- 
fering for wickedness. 6. Return in human applause. 
Matt. vi. 7. Return in joy and comfort. Ps. xix. 

RE-WARD'A-BLE, a. That may be rewarded ; worthy of 
recompense. Hooker, 

RE-WARD'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being worthy of 
reward. Goodman. 

RE-WARD'ED, pp. Requited ; recompensed or punished. 

RE-WARD'ER, n. One who rewards ; one that requites 
or recompenses. Heb. xi. Addison. 

RE-WARD'ING, ppr. Making an equivalent return for good 
or evil ; requiting ; recompensing. 

fRE-WoRD', V. t. To repeat in the same words. 

RE-WRlTE', V. t. To write a second time. 

RE-WRIT TEN, 7>j». Written again. Kent. 

REYS, 71. The master of an Egyptian bark or ship. 

RHA-BAR'BA-RATE, a. Impregnated with rhubart. 

RHAB-DOL'0-6Y, n. [Gr. pafiSog and \oyos.] The act or 
art of computing or numbering by Napier's rods or Na- 
pier's bones. 

RHAB'DO-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. pa(iSoi and pavreia.] Divina- 
tion by a rod or wand. Brown. 

RHAPSODIC, \ a. Pertaining to or consisting of rliap- 

RfJAP-SOD'I-CAL, \ sody ; unconnected. 

RHAP'SO-DIST, n. I. One that writes or speaks without 
regular dependence of one part of his discourse on another. 
2. One who recites or sings rhapsodies for a livelihood; 
or one who makes and repeats verses extempore. — 3. .An- 
ciently, one whose profession was to recite the verses of 
Homer and other poets. 

RHAP'SO-DY, n. [Gr. pai/zw^ta.] Originally, a discourse in 
verse, sung or rehearsed by a fhapsodist { or a collection 
of verses. — In modern usage, a collection of passages, 
thoughts or authorities, composing a new piece, but with- 
out necessary dependence or natural connection. Locke. 

RHElN'-BER-RY, n. Buckthorn, a plant. Johnson. 

RHe'NISH, a. Pertaining to the river Rhine, or to Rheims 
in France. 



RHe'TIAN, a. Pertaining to the ancient Rheeti, or to Rhas- 
tia, their country. 

RHe'TOR, 71. [L. ; Gr. p>?ra)p.] A rhetorician. [Littleused.\ 

RHET'O-Rie, n. [Gr. pnropiKT].] 1. The art of speaking 
with propriety, elegance and force. 2. The power of per- 
suasion or attraction ; that which allures or charms. 

RHE-TOR'1-CAL, a. 1. Pertaining to rhetoric. 2. Con 
taining the rules of rhetoric. 3. Oratorial. More. 

RHE-TOR'I-€AL-LY, adv. 1. In the manner of rhetoric 
according to the rules of rhetoric. 

fRHE-TOli'I-CATE, v. i. To play the orator. Decay vf 
Piety. 

t RHE-TOR-I-Ca'TION, n. Rhetorical amplification. 

RHEl-0-Rl"CIAN, 7j. [Fx.rhetoricien.j 1. One who teaches 
the art of rhetoric, or the principles and rules of correct 
and elegant speaking. 2. One well versed in the rules 
and principles of rhetoric. 3. An orator; [less proper.] 

tRIIET-0-Rl"CIAN, a. Suiting a master of rhetoric. 

RHET'0-RlZE, v. i. To play the orator. Cotgrace. 

RHET'O-RiZE, v. t. To represent by a figure of oratory. 

RHEtJM, n. [Gr. pevixj.] 1. An increased and often inflam- 
matory action of the vessels of any organ ; but generally 
applied to the inflammatory action of the mucous glands, 
attended with increased discharge and an altered state of 
their excreted fluids. 2. A thin serous fluid, secreted by 
themucous glands, &c. ; lis in catarrh. 

RIIEu-MAT'lC, a. [L. rheumaticus.] Pertaining to rheu- 
matism, or partaking of its nature. 

RHEU'MA-TISM, n. [L. rheumatismus.] A painful disease 
affecting muscles and joints of the human body, chiefly 
the larger joints, as the hips, knees, shoulders, <fcc. Parr. 

RHEtJM'Y, a. 1. Full of rh-e-um or watery matter ; consist- 
ing of rheum, or partaking of its nature. 2. Affected with 
rheum. 3. Abounding with sharp moisture; causingrheum. 

RHIME. See Rhyme. 

RHi'NO, n._ A cant word for gold and silver, or money. 

RHI-NO-Ce'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to the rhinoceros ; re 
sembling the rhinoceros. Tatler. 

RHI-NOC'E-ROS, n. [Fr. rhinoceros, or rhinocerot ; L,. rhi- 
noceros.] A genus of quadrupeds of two species, one of 
which, the unicorn, has a single horn growing almost 
erect from the nose. 

RHI-NOC'E-ROS-BiRD, n. A bird of the genus &Mcero5. 

RHo'DI-AN, a. Pertaining to the island of Rhodes. 

RHo'DI-UM, 7(. A metal recently discovered among grains 
of crude platinum. 

RHOD-0-DEN'DRON, n. [Gr. poSov and 6£v6pov.] The 
dwarf rosebay. Evelyn. 

RHOD-0-MON-TaDE'. See RoDOMONTArE. 

RHo'DON-ITE, n. A mineral of a red color. Philips. 

RHOE'TIZ-ITE, ) n. A mineral ocpurring in masses or in 

RHET'IZ-ITE, \ radiated concretions. 

* RHOMB, n. [Fr. rhombe ; L. rhombus ; Gr, po/^^aj.] In 
geometry, an oblique-angled parallelogram, or a quadri- 
kteral figure whose sides are equal and parallel, but the 
angles unequal, two of the angles being obtuse and two 
acute. 

RHOMB'IC, a. Having the figure of a rhomb. Grew. 

RHOM'BO, 71. A fish of the turbot kind. Diet. JVat, Hist. 

RHOM'BOID, 71. [Gr. popl3og and eiSos.] 1. In geometry, a 
figure having some resen.blance to a rhomb ; or a quadri- 
lateral figure whose opposite sides and angles are equal, 
but which is neither equilateral nor equiangular.— 2. a. In 
anatomy, the rhomboid muscle is a thin, broad and ob- 
liquely square, fleshy muscle, between the basis of the 
~ scapul-i and the spina dorsi. 

RHOM-BOID'AL, a. Having the shape of a rhomboid, or a 
shape approaching it. Woodward. 

RIIOMB'-SPAR, 72. A mineral of a grayish-white. 

RHu'BARB, 71. [Syr. raiborig ; L. rhabarbarum.] A plant of 
the genus rheum, of several species. The root is medic- 
inal and much used as a moderate cathartic. 

RHU-BAR'BAR-INE, n. A vegetable substance obtained 
from rhubarb. Journ. of Science. 

RHUMB, 71. [from rhomb.] In navigation, a vertical circle 
of any given place, or the intersection of such a circle 
with the horizon ; m which last sense rhmnb is the same 
as a point of the compass. 

RHUMB'-LlNE, n. In navigation, a line prolonged from 
any point of the compass on a nautical chart, except frcm 
the four cardinal points. 

RHYME, ) 71. [Sax. rim and gcrim; Sw., Dan. rim; D. 

RIME, \ rymjG.reim.] 1. In jjoctr?/, the con-espond- 
ence of sounds in the terminating words or syllables of 
two verses, one of which succeeds the other immediately, 
or at no great distance. 2. A harmonical succession of 
sounds. 3. Poetry ; a poem. 4. A word of sound to 
answer to another word.— Rhyme or reason, number or 
sense. Spenser. ^ ^ 

RHYME, V. i. 1. To accord in sound. 2. To make verses 

RHYME, V. t. To put into rhyme, mison. 

RHYME'LESS, a. Destitute of rhyme ; not having conso- 
nance of sound. Hall. 



* Sis iynopns. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BTTLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, j Obsolete 



RIC 



704 



RID 



RHYM'ER, RH^M'IST, or RHYM'STER, n. One who 
makes rhymes ; a versifier ; a poor poet. Dryden. 

RHY'MI€, a. Pertaining to rhyme. 

RHYTHM, or RHYTH'MUS, n. [Gr. pu0/Ltos.l 1. In music, 
variety in the movement as to quickness or slowness, or 
length and shortness of the notes j or rather the proportion 
which the parts of the motion have to each other. 2. 
Metre ; verse ; number. Howell. 

RHYTH'MI-€AL, a. [Gr. pvOiiLKos ; L. rhythmicus.] Hav- 
ing proportion of sound, or one sound proportioned to an- 
other; harmonical. Johnson. 

Rl'AL, n. A Span»ish coin. See Real. 

Rl'AL, n. [from roynl.] A royal 5 a gold coin of the value 
j)f ten shillings sterling, formerly current in Britain. 

Rl'ANT, a. [Fr.] Laughing; exciting laughtei. Buck. 

RIB, n. [Say. rib, or rLO ; Ice. rif ; G. rippe ; D. rib.] 1. 
A bone of animal bodies which forms a part of the frame 
of the thorax.— 2. In ship building, a piece of timber which 
forms or strengthens the side of a ship.— 3. In botany, the 
continuation of the petiole along the middle of a leaf, and 
from which the veins take their rise. — 4. In cloth, a prom- 
inent line or rising like a rib. 5- [W. rhib.] Something 
long, thin and narrow ; a strip. 

RIB, V. t. 1. To furnish with ribs. In manufactures, to 
form with rising lines and channels. 2. To inclose with 
ribs. Shak. 

RIB'ALD, n. [Fr. ribaud ; It, ribaldo. ] A low, vulgar, bru- 
tal Avretch ; a lewd fellow. Pope. 

RIB'ALD, a. Low ; base ; mean. Shak. 

RIB'ALD-ISH, a. Disposed to ribaldry. Hall. 

RIB'ALD-RY, n. [It. ribalderia.] Mean, vulgar language ; 
chiefly, obscene language. Sicift. 

RIB' AN, n. In heraldry, the eighth part of a bend. 

RIB'AND. See Ribbon. 

RIBBED, pp. or a. 1. Furnished with ribs. Sandr/s. 2. In- 
closed as with ribs. Shak. 3. Marked or formed with 
rising lines and channels. 

RIB'BON, I n. [W. rhibin, rhib ; It. ruibin ; Fr. ruban.] I. 

RIB'IN, \ A fillet of silk ; a narrow web of silk used for 
an ornament, as a badge, or for fastening some part of 
female dress. — 2. In naval architecture, a long, narrow, 
flexible piece of timber, nailed upon the outside of the 
ribs from the stem to the sternpost, so as to encompass the 
ship lengthwise ; the principal are the floor-ribbon and 
the breadth-ribbon. 

RIB'BON, V. t. To adorn with ribbons. Beaumont. 

fRIB'IBE, n. [See Rebec] A sort of stringed instrument. 

RlB'RoAST, V. t. [rib and roast.] To beat soundly ; a bur- 
lesque word. Butler. 

RIB'RoAST-ED, pp. Soundly beaten. 

RIB'RoAST-ING, ppr. Beating soundly. 

RIB'WoRT, n. A plant of the geiwisplantago. 

RIO, or RIOK, as a termination, denotes jurisdiction, or a 
district over which government is exercised, as in bish- 
oprick ; Sax. cyne-ric, king-ric. It is the Gothic reiki, 
dominion ; Sax. rice or ric. 

RIO, as a termination of names, denotes rich or powerful, 
as in Alfric, Frederick, like the Greek Folycrates and 
Plutarchus. It is the first syllable of Richard ; Sax. ric, 
rice. See Rich. 

RICE, n. [Fr. riz, or ris ; It. riso ; G. reis, or reiss ; D. 
rjjst ,• Dan. ris.] A plant of the genus oryza, and its seed, 
used for food. 

RlCE'-BiRD, ) n. A bird of the United States, the , 

RiCE'-BUNT-ING, \ emberiza oryzivora. In JVew Eng- 
land, it is called bob-lincoln. 

RICH,' a. [Fr. riche ; Sp. rico ; It. ricco ; Sax. ric, rice, 
ricca ; D.ryk; G.reich.] 1. Wealthy; opulent; possess- 
ing a large portion of land, goods or money, or a larger 
portion than is common to otlier men or to men of like 
rank. 2. Splendid : costly ; valuable ; precious : sump- 
tuous. 3. Abundant in materials ; yielding great quanti- 
ties of any thing valuable. 4. Abounding in valuable in- 
gredients or qualities. 5. Full of valuable achievements 
or works. 6. Fertile ; fruitful ; capable of producing 
large crops or quantities. 7. Abundant; large. 8. Abun- 
dant; affording abundance ; plentiful. 9. Full of beauti- 
ful scenery. 10. Abounding with elegant colors. 11. 
Plentifully stocked. 12. Strong ; vivid ; perfect. 13. 
Having something precious. 14. Abounding with nutri- 
tious qualities. 15. Highly seasoned. 16. Abounding 
with a variety of delicious food. 17. Containing abun- 
dance beyond wants. — 18. In music, fu!l of sweet or har- 
monious sounds. — 19. In Scripture, abounding ; highly 
endowed. — The rich, used as a noun, denotes a rich man 
or person, or more frequently, in the plural, rich men or 
persons. 

■fRICH, v.t. To enrich. [See Eneich.] Oower. 

t RICHED, pp. Enriched. Shak. 



RICH'ES, n. [Fr. richesse ; It. ricchezza ; Sp. riqueza. 



This 
IS m the singular number in fact, but treated as the 
plural.] 1. Wealth; opulence; affluence; possessions of 
land, goods or money in abundance. 2. Splendid, sump- 



tuous appearance. — 3. In Scripture, an abundance of spir- 
itual blessings. Luke xvi. 

RICH'LY, adv. 1. With riches ; with opulence ; with 
abundance of goods or estate ; with ample funds. 2 
Gayly ; splendidly ; magnificently. 3. Plenteously ; 
abundantly ; amply. 4. Truly ; really ; abundantly ; 
fully. 

RICHNESS, n. 1. Opulence ; wealth. Sidney. 2. Finery ; 
splendor. Johnson. 3. Fextility ; fecundity ; fruitfulness ; 
the qualities which render productive. 4. Fullness ; 
abundance. 5. Quality of abounding with something 
valuable. 6. Abundance of any ingredient or quality 
7. Abundance of beautiful scenery. 8. Abundance of 
nutritious qualities. 9. Abundance of high seasoning 
10. Strength ; vividness ; or whatever constitutes perfec 
tion. 11. Abundance of imagery or of strikmg ideas. 

RIOK, 7! . [Sax. hreac, or hrig ; li. cruach ; W . crug.] A 
heap or pile of grain or hay in the field or open air, but 
sheltered with a kind of roof. In.dmerica, we usually 
give this name to a long pile ; the round and conical pile 
being called stack. 

RICKETS, n. [In technical language, rachitis, Gr. pa^ins ; 
Sp. raquitio, the rickets.] A disease which aflects chil- 
dren, and in which the joints become knotted, and the 
less and spine grow crooked. 

RICK'ET-Y, a. 1. Afi'ected with riekets. JJrbuthnot. 2 
Weak ; feeble in the joints ; imperfect. 

RIO'O-CHET, n. [Fr.] In gunnery, the firing of giins 
mortars or howitzers with small charges, and elevated a 
few degrees, s.o as to carry the balls or shells just over the 
parapet, and cause them to roll along the opposite ram- 
part. 

t RIO'TURE, n. [L. rictura.] A gaping. Diet. 

RID, pret. of ride. 

RID, V. t. ; pret. and pp. rid. [Sax. ahreddan, or hreddan ; 
B. redden ; G. retten, or erretten; Dan. redder.] i. To 
free ; to deliver ; properly, to separate, and thus to deliver 
or save. 2. To separate ; to drive away. 3. To free ; to 
clear; to disencumber. 4. To dispatch. 5. To drive 
away ; to remove by violence ; to destroy. 

RID, pp. or a. Free ; clear ; as, to be rid of trouble. 

RIDDANCE, n. 1. Deliverance; a setting free. 2. Disen 
cumbrance. 3. The act of clearing away. 

RIDDEN, or RID, pp. of ride. 

RID'DING, ppr. Freeing ; clearing ; disencumbering. 

RID'DLE, n. [Sax. hriddel ; W. rhidyll.] An instrument 
for cleaning grain, being a large sieve with a perforated 
bottom. 

RID'DLE, V. t. To separate, as grain from the chaff with a 
riddle ; as, to riddle wheat. 

RID'DLE, n. [Sax. rwdelse ; D. raadzel ; G. rdthsel.] I. 
An enigma ; something proposed for conjecture, or that is 
to be solved by conjecture ; a puzzling question ; an am- 
biguous proposition. Judges xiv. 2. Any thing ambig- 
uous or puzzling. 

RID'DLE, V. t. To solve ; to explain ; but we generally 
use unriddle, which is more proper. 

RID'DLE, V. i. To speak ambiguously, obscurely or enig- 
matically. Shak. 

RID'DLER, n. One who speaks ambiguously 

RID'DLING-LY, adv. In the manner of a riddle. 

RIDE, V. i. ; pret. rode, or rid ,• pp. rid, ridden. [Sax. ridan ; 
G. rcitcn ; D. ryden ; Sw. rida ; Dan. rider.] 1. I'o be 
carried on horseback, or on any beast, or in any vehicle 
2. To be borne on or in a fluid. 3. To be supported in 
motion. 4. To practice riding. 5. To manage a horse 
well. 6. To be supported by something subservient ; to 
sit. — To ride easy, in seamen's language, is when a ship 
does not labor or feel a great strain on her cables. — To 
ride hard, is when a ship pitches violently, so as to strain 
her cables, masts and hull. — To ride out, as a gale, signi- 
fies that a ship does not drive during a storm. 

RIDE, 1;. t. 1. To sit on, so as to be carried. 2. To manage 
insolently at will. Sicift. 3. To carry , [local.] 

RIDE, ?;. 1. An excursion on horseback or in a vehicle. 

2. A saddle horse ; [local.] Grose. 3. A road cut in a 
wood or through a ground for the amusement of riding ; a 
riding. 

RiD'ER, n. 1. One who is borne on a horse or other beast, 
or in a vehicle. 2. One who breaks or manages a horse. 

3. The matrix of an ore. 4. An inserted leaf or an addi- 
tional clause, as to a bill in parliament. — 5. In ship build- 
ing, a sort of interior rib fixed occasionally in a ship's 
hold, opposite to some of the timbers to which they are 
bolted, and reaching from the keelson to the beams of the 
lower deck, to strengthen her frame. 

RIDGE, n. [Sax. rig, ricg, hric, hricg ; Sw. rygg ; D. rug ; 
G. riicken.] 1. The back, or top of the back. '^2. A long or 
continued range of hills or mountains ; or the upper part 
of such a range. 3. A steep elevation, eminence or pro- 
tuberance. 4. A long, rising land, or a strip of ground 
thrown up by a plough or left between furrows. Ps. Ixv. 
5. The top of the roof of a building. 6. Any long eleva- 



* See Synopsis A, £, I, O C, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— j Obsolete. 



RIG 



705 



RIG 



tion of land. — 7. Ridges of a horse^s mouth are wrinkles 
or risings of flesh in tne roof of the mouth. 
RIDGE, V. t. 1. To form a ridge.— 2. In tillage, to form 
into ridges with the plough. 3. To wrinkle. 

I11D6 IL, or RIDG'LING, n. The male of any beast half 

gelt. Encyc. 
f RIDG'ING-LY, adv. After the manner of ridges ; or ridge 
by ridge. Huloet. 

RID6'Y, a. Having a ridge or ridges; rising in a ridge. 

RI.D'I-€ULE, n. [Fr. ; L. ridiculum.] 1. Contemptuous 
laughter ; laughter with some degree of contempt ; deri- 
sion. 2. Thai species of writing which excites contempt 
with laughter. 

RID'I-€ULE, V. t. 1. To laugh at with expressions of con- 
tempt ; to deride. 2. To treat with contemptuous mer- 
riment ; to expose to contempt or derision by writing. 

t RID'I-€ULE, a. Ridiculous. 

RID'I-€uLED, pp. Treated with laughter and contempt. 

RID I-€U-LER, n. One that ridicules. Chesterfield. 

RIDI-€U-LIiVG, ppr. Laughing at in contempt. 

RI-DI€'U-LOiJS, a. [L. ridiculus ; It. ridicoloso.] That 
may justly excite laughter with contempt. 

RI-Dl€'U-LOUS-LY, adv. In a manner worthy of con- 
temptuous merriment. 

RI-DI€'U-LOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being ridicu- 
Jous. 

RiD'ING, PP7-. [from ride.] 1. Passing or traveling on a 
beast or in a vehicle ; floating. 2. a. Employed to travel 
on any occasion. Aijliffe. 

RiD'ING, n. 1. A road cut in a wood or through a ground, 
for the diversion of riding therein. Sidney. 2. [corrupted 
from trithing, third.] One of the three intermediate juris- 
dictions between a three and a hundred, into which the 
county of York, in England, is divided. 

RlD'ING-€LERK, n. In England, one of the six clerks in 
chancery. .Bsh. 

RiDING-CoAT, n. A coat for riding on a journey. 

RiD'ING-HAB-IT, n. A garment worn by females when 
they ride or travel. Guardian. 

RlD'lNG-HOOD, n. A hood used by females when they 
ride ; a kind of cloke with a hood. 

RiD'ING-S€HOOL, n. A school or place where the art of 
riding is taught. . 

RI-DOT'TO, n. [It. ; L. reductus.] 1. A public assembly. 
2. A musical entertainment consisting of singing and 
dancing, in the latter of which the whole company join. 

RIS. SeeRTE. 

RIFE, a. [Sax. ryfe.] Prevailing ; prevalent. It is used of 
epidemic diseases. Knollcs. 

^iFWLY, adv. Prevalently j frequently. Knolles. 

RiFE'NESS, n. Frequency ; prevalence. Arbuthnot. 

RIFF'RAFF, r.. [Fr. rifier; G.raffen; Dan. rips, raps.] 
j?weepings ; refuse. Hall. 

Rl'FLE, V. t. [Fr. rifler.] 1. To seize and bear away by 
force; to snatch away. 2. To strip; to rob ; to pillage ; 
to plunder. 

Rl'FLE, 71. [Dan. rifle, or riffle.] A gun about the usual 
size of a musket, the inside of whose barrel is rifled, that 
J-, grooved, or formed with spiral channels. 

jll'FLE, V. t. To groove ; to channel. 

El'FLED, pp. Seized and carried away by violence ; pil- 
jaged ; channeled. 

Rl'FLE-MAN, n. A man armed with a rifle. 

Rl'FTiER, 71. A robber ; one that seizes and bears away by 
violence. 

Rl'FLING, ppr. Plundering ; seizing and carrying away by 
violence ; grooving. 

RIFT, n. [from rive.] A cleft ; a fissure ; an opening made 
by riving or splitting. Dryden. 

RIFT, V. t. To cleave ; to rive ; to split. Pope. 

IIU'T, v.i. 1. To burst open; to split. Bacon. 2. To 
belch ; to break wind ; [local.] 

RiFT'ED, pp. Split; rent; cleft. 

RIFT'ING, ppr. Splitting ; cleaving ; bursting. 

PJG, n. [Sax.] A ridge, which see. 

RIG, V. t. [Sax. lorigan.] 1. To dress; to put on; when 
applied to persons, not elegant, but rather a ludicrous 
word, to express the putting on of a gay, flaunting or un- 
usual dress. 2. To furnish with apparatus or gear; to fit 
with tackling. — 3. To rig a ship, in seamen^s language, is 
to fit the shrouds, stays, braces, &c. to their respective 
masts and yards. 

RIG, n. [See the verb.] 1. Dress; also, bluster. 2. A 
romp ; a wanton ; a strumpet. — To run the rig, to play a 
wiDton trick. — To run the rig upon, to practice a sportive 
trick on. 

in/r, V. i. To play the wanton. 

RKx-A-DOON', n. [Fr. rigodon.] A gay brisk dance per- 
formed by one couple, and said to have been borrowed 
from Provence in France. 

RI-GA'TION, n. [L. rigatio.] The act of watering ; but 
irrigation is generally used. 

RIGGED, (rigd) pp. Dressed ; furnished with shrouds, 
stays, &c. as a ship. 



RIG'GER, n. One that rigs or dresses ; one whose occupa- 
tion is to fit the rigging of a ship. 

RIG'GING, ppr. Dressing ; fitting with shrouds, braces, &c 

RIG'GING, VI. Dress ; tackle ; particularly, the ropes which 
support the masts, extend and contract the sails, &:c. of a 
ship. 

t RIG'GISH, a. Wanton ; lewd. Shak. 

RIG'GLE, V. i. To move one way and the other. See 
_V\'riggle. 

Right, (rite) a. [Sa.x.riht,reht; B.regt; G. recht ; Dan. 
rigtig j Sw. ricktig j It. retto ; Sp. recto ; Ij. rectus.] 1. 
Properly, strained ; stretched to straightness ; hence, 2. 
Straight. — 3. In morals and religion, just ; equitable ; ac- 
cordant to the standard of truth and justice or the will of 
God. 4. Fit ;"' suitable; proper; becoming. 5. Lawful. 
6. True ; not erroneous or wrong ; according to fact. 7. 
Correct ; passing a true judgment ; not mistaken or wrong. 
8. Not left ; most convenient or dextrous. 9. Most favor- 
able or convenient. 10. Properly placed, disposed or ad- 
justed; orderly ; well regulated. 11. Well performed, as 
an art or act. 12. Most direct. 13. Being on the same 
side as the right hand. 14. Being on the right band of a 
j)erson whose face is towards the mouth of a river. 

Right, adv. l. in a right or straight line ; directly. 2. 
According to the law or will of God, or to the standard of 
truth and justice. 3. According to any rule of art. 4. 
According to fact or truth. 5. In a great degree ; very ; 
[inelegant.] 6. It is prefixed to titles ; as in right hon- 
orable. 

Right is used elliptically for it is right, what you say is 
right, it is true, &c. Pope. — On the right, on the side with 
J;he right hand. 

Right, n. l conformity to the will of God, or to his law, 
the perfect standard of truth and justice. 2. Conformity 
to human laws, or to other human standard of truth, pro- 
priety or justice. 3. Justice ; that wiiich is due or proper. 

4. Freedom from error ; conformity with truth or fact. 

5. Just claim ; legal title ; ownership ; the legal power of 
exclusive possession and enjoyment. 6. Just claim by 
courtesy, customs, or the principles of civility and deco- 
rum. 7. Just claim by sovereignty; prerogative. 8 
That which justly belongs to one. 9. Property ; interest. 
10. Just claim; immunity; privilege. 11. Authority, 
legal power.— 12. In the United States, a tract of land ; or 
a share or proportion of property, as in a mine or manu- 
factory. 13. The side opposite to the left ; as, on the 
right. — To rights. 1. In a direct line ; straight ; [wmsual.] 

2. Directly ; soon. — To set to rights, or to put to rights, to 
put into good order ; to adjust ; to regulate what is out of 
order. — Bill of rights, a list of rights ; a paper containing 
a declaration of rights, or the declaration itself. — Writ of 
right, a writ which lies to recover lands in fee simple, 
unjustly withheld from the true owner. 

Right, v.t. l. To do justice to; to relieve from wrong. 
Taylor. — 2. In seamen's language, to right a ship, is to 
restore her to an upright position from a careen. — To right 
the helm, to place it in the middle of the ship. 

Right, v. L To rise with the masts erect, as a ship. 

RiGHT'ED, pp. Relieved from injustice ; set upright. 

jRlGPlT'EN, «. t, [&a.x. gerihtan.] To do justice to. 

*RlGHT'EOUS, (ri'chus) a. [Sax. rihtwise.] 1. Jutt ; ac 
cordant to the divine law. 2. Just ; equitable; merited. 

fRlGHT'EOUSED, (rl'chust) a. Made righteous ; justified. 
Bale. 

* RiGHT'EOUS-LY, (ri'chus-ly) ad^. Justly ; in accordance 
with the laws of justice ; equitably. 

*RlGHT'EOUS-NESS, (ri'chu?-nes) n. 1. Purity of heart 
and rectitude of life ; conformity of heart and life to the 
divine law. — 2. Applied to God, the perfection or holiness 
of his nature ; exact rectitude ; faithfulness. 3. The ac- 
tive and passive obedience of Christ, by which the law of 
God is fulfilled. Dan. ix. 4. Justice ; equity between 
man and man. Luke i. 5. The cause of our justification. 
Jer. xxiii. 

RiGHT'ER, n. One who sets right ; one who does justice 
or redresses wrong. 

RlGHT'FUL, a. 1. Having the right or just claim according 
to established laws. 2. Being by right, or by just claim. 

3. Just ; consonant to justice. 
RiGHT'FUL-LY, adv. According to right, law or justice. 
RlGHT'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Justice ; accordance with the rules 

of right." 2. Moral rectitude ; [not usual.] 
RIGHT'-HAND, n. The hand opposite to the left. 
RlGHT'ING, ppr. Doing justice to ; setting upright. 
RiGHT'LY, adv. 1. According to justice ; according to the 
divine will or moral rectitude. 2. Properly ; fitly ; suita- 
bly. 3. According to truth or fact ; not erroneously. 4. 
Honestly ; uprightly. 5. Exactly. 6. Straightly ; direct- 



ly ; [obs.] 
IGHT': 



RlGHT'NESS, n. 1. Correctness ; conformity to truth or to 
the divine will, which is the standard of moral rectitude. 
2. Straightness. 

RIGID, o. [Fr. rigide ; It., Sp. rigido ; L. rig'dus.] 1. StiflTj 
not pliant ; not easily bent. It is applied to bodies or sub- 



* See Synopsis. 



MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH aa in this. 
45 



t Obsolete 



RIN 



706 



RIP 



stances that are naturally soft or flexible, but not fluid. 
Rigid is opposed to flexible, but expresses less than inflexi- 
ble. 2. Strict in opinion, practice or discipline j severe in 
temper. 3. Strict ; exact. 4. Severely just. 5. Exactly 
according to the sentence or law. 

RI-6rD'I-TY, n. [Fr. rigidite ; L. rigiditas.] 1. Stiffness ; 
want of pliability ; the quality of not being easily bent. 
2. A brittle hardness. 3. Stiffness of appearance or man- 
ner ; want of ease or airy elegance. 

RlG'irr-LY, adv. 1. Stiffly j unpliantly. 2. Severely ; strict- 
ly ; exactly ; without laxity, indulgence or abatement. 

RI6 ID-NESS, n. 1. Stiffness of a body ; the quality of not 
being easily bent. 2. Severity of temper j strictness in 
opinion or practice. 

RIG'LET, n. [Fr. ; Tui.regula.] A flat, thin piece of wood, 
used for picture frames ; also used in printing, to regulate 
the margin, &c. 

RIG'MA-ROLE, n. A repetition of stories 3 a succession of 
stories. Goldsmith. 

RIG'OL, n. A circle ; a diadem. Shak. 

RIG'OLL, n. A musical instrument consisting of several 
sticks bound together, but separated by beads. Encyc. 

RIG'OR, ?i. [L. ; Fv. rigucur.] 1. Stiffness; rigidness. — 2. 
In medicine, a sense of chilliness, with contraction of the 
skin ; a convulsive shuddering or slight tremor, as in the 
cold fit of a fever. 3. Stiffness of opinion or temper ; se- 
verity ; sternness. 4. Severity of life ; austerity; volun- 
tary submission to pain, abstinence or mortification. 5. 
Strictness ; exactness without allowance, latitude or in- 
dulgence. 6. Violence ; fury ; \_oos.'] 7. Hardness ; so- 
lidity ; [unusual.'] 8. Severity ; asperity. 

RIG'OR-OUS, a. [Fr. rigoureux.'] 1. Severe ; allowing no 
abatement or mitigation. 2. Severe ; exact ; strict ; with- 
out abatement or relaxation. 3. Exact ; strict ; scrupu- 
lously accurate. 4. Severe; very cold. 

RIG'OR-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Severely; without relaxation, 
abatement or mitigation.. 2. Strictly ; exactly ; with scru- 
pulous nicety ; rigidly. 

RIG'OR-OUS-iSrESS, n. 1. Severity v/ithout relaxation or 
mitigation; exactness. Ash. 2. Severity. 

RILL, 71. [G. rille ; W. rhill.] A small brook ; a rivulet ; a 
streamlet. Milton. 

RILL, V. i. To run in a small stream, or in streamlets. 

RILL'ET, n. A small stream ; a rivulet. Drayton 

RIM, n. [Sax. rivia and reoma ; W. r/iim and rhimp.] 1. 
The border, edge or margin of a thing. 2. The lower 
part of the belly or abdomen. 

RIM, V. t. To put on a rim or hoop at the border. 

ROIE, n. [Sax. rim.] Rhyme, which see. 

RIME, 71. [Sax. hrim ; Ice. hrym ; D. rym.] White or hoar 
frost ; congealed dew or vapor. Bacon. 

f RIME, 71. [L. rima ; Sw. remna.] A chink ; a fissure ; a 
rent or long aperture. 

RIME, V. i. To freeze or congeal into hoar frost. 

RI'MGSE, ) a. [L. rimosus.] In botany, chinky ; abounding 

Ri'MOUS, \ with clefts, cracks or chinks. 

RIM'PLE, 71. [Sax. hrympelU.] A fold or wrinkle. See 
Rumple. 

RIM'PLE, V. t. To rumple ; to wrinkle. 

RIM'PLING, 71. Undulation. 

Ri'MY, a. [from rime.] Abounding with rime ; frosty. 

RiND, 71. [Sax. rind., or hrind ; G. rinde.] The bark of a 
plant ; the skin or coat of fruit that may be pared or peel- 
ed off; also, the inner bark of trees. 

fRlND, v.t. To bark; to decorticate. 

RIN'DLE, n. A small water-course or gutter. Ash. 

RING, n. [Sax. ring, or hring ; B. ring, or hring ; G., D., 
Sw. ring.] 1. A circle, or a circular Tine, or any thing in 
the form of a circular line or hoop. 2. A circular course. 

RING, 71. 1. A sonnd ; particularhj, the sound of metals. 
2. Any loud sound, or the sounds of numerous voices ; or 
sound continued, repeated or reverbtrated. 3. A chime, 
or set of bells harmonically tuned. 

RING, V. t. ; pret. and pp. rung. [Sax. nngan, hringan ; 
G., D. ringen ; Sw. ringa ; Dan. rincrer.l" To cause to 
sound, particularly by striking a metallic body. 

RING, V. t. [from the noun.] 1. To encircle, bhak. 2. To 
fit with rings, as the fingers, or as a swine's snout. Shak. 

RING, V. i. 1. To sound, as a bell or other sonorous body, 
particularly a metallic one. 2. To practice the art of 
making music with bells. 3, To sound ; to resound. 4. 
To utter, as a bell ; to sound. 5. To tinkle ; to have tl^ 
sensation of sound continued. 6. To be filled with report 
or talk._ 

RING'-BoLT, n. An iron bolt with an eye, to which is fitted 
a ring of iron. Mar. Diet. 

RING'-BoNE, 71. A callus growing in the hollow circle of 
the little pastern of a horse, just above the coronet. 

RING'DoVE, n. [G. ringeltaube.] A species of pigeon, the 
eolumba palumbits. 

RIN'OENT, a. [L. ringor.] In botany, a ringent or labiate 
corol is one which is irregular, monopetalous, with the 
border usually divided into two parts, called the upper 
and lower lip. 



RING'ER, n. One who rings. 

RING'ING, ppr. Causing to sound, as a bell; BouBding; 
fitting with rmgs. 

RING'ING, n. The act of sounding or of causing to sound 

RING'LeAD, v. t. To conduct. [Little used.] 

RING'LeAD-ER, n. [ring and leader.] The leader of any 
association of men engaged in violation of law or an ille- 
gal enterprise, as rioters, mutineers and the like. 

RING'LET, 7?. [dim. of ring.] 1. A small ring. Pope 2 
A cvixl; particularly, a curl of hair. Milton. 3 A circle. 

RING'-OU-SEL, 71. A bird of the genus turdus. 

RING'-STReAKED, a. [ring and streak.] Having circular 
streaks or lines on the body. 

RING'-TAIL, 71. 1. A kind of kite with a whitish tail. 2. 
A small quadrilateral sail, set on a small mast on a ship's 
tafferel. 

RING'-WoRM, 71. [rmo- and worm.] A circular ciuption 
on the skin ; a kind of tetter. Parr. 

RINSE, (rins) v. t. [Sw. rensa, or re7ia ,• Dan. renser ; Sax., 
D,, G. rein; Fr. rincer.] 1. To wash; to clear.se by 
washing. But in present u^sagc, 2. To cleanse with a sec- 
ond or repeated application of water, after washing. We 
distinguish washing from rinsing. Washing is performed 
by rubbing, or with the use of soap ; rinsing is performed 
with clean water, without much rubbing or the use of 
soap. 

RINSED, vp. Cleansed with a second water ; cleaned. 

RINS'ER,'7i. One that rinses. 

RINS'ING, ppr. Cleansing witli a second water. 

Rl'OT, 7;. [Norm, riotti ; It. riotta ; Fr. riote.] 1. In a gen- 
eral sense, tumult ; uproar ; hence, technically, in law, a 
riotous assembling of twelve persons or more, and not 
dispersing upon proclamation. 2. Uproar ; wild and noisy 
festivity. 3. Excessive and expensive feasting. 2 Pet. i) 
4. Luxury. — To run riot, to act or move without control 
or restraint. 

Rl'OT, V. i. [Fr. rioter ; It. riottare.] 1. To revel ; to run 
to excess in feasting, drinking or other sensual indulgen- 
ces. 2. To luxuriate ; to be highly excited. 3. To ban- 
quet ; to live in luxury ; to enjoy. 4. To raise an uproar 
or sedition. 

Rl OT-ER, 71. 1. One who indulges in loose festivity or ex- 
cessive feasting. — 2. In law, one guilty of meeting with 
others to do an unlawful act, and declining to retire upoE 
proclamation. 

Rl'OT-ING, ppr. Reveling ; indulging in excessive feasting 

Rl'OT-ING, n. A reveling. 

fRl'OT-iSE, n. Dissoluteness; luxury. Spenser. 

Rl'OT-OUS, a. [It. riottoso.] ]. Luxurious; wanton or li- 
centious in festive indulgences. 2. Consisting of riot ; 
tumultuous ; partaking of the nature of an unlawful as- 
sembly ; seditious. 3. Guilty of riot ; applied to persons. 

Rl'OT-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With excessive or licentious luxu- 
ry. 2. In the manner of an unlawful assembly ; tumultu- 
ously ; seditiously. 

Rl'OT-OUS-NESS, 71. The state or quality of being riotous. 

RIP, V. t. [Sax. rypan, ryppan, hrypan ; Sw. rifva ; Dan. 
ri'vcr.] 1. To separate by cutting or tearing ; to tear or 
cut open or off; to tear offer out by violence. 2. To take 
out or away by cutting or tearing. 3. To tear up for 
search or disclosure, or for alteration ; to search to the ^ot 
tom ; with up. 4. To rip out, as an oath. 

RIP, n. 1. A tearing ; a place tom ; laceration. 2. A wick 
er basket to carry fish in. 3. Refuse ; [not in use or local.] 

RI-Pa'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to the bank of a river. 

RIPE, a. [Sax. ripe, gerip ; D. ryp ; G. reif.] 1. Brought 
to perfection in growth or to the best state ; mature ; fit for 
use. 2. Advanced to perfection ; matured. 3. Finished ; 
consummate. 4. Brought to the point of taking effect ; 
matured ; ready ; prepared. 5. Fully qualified by im 
provement ; prepared. 6. Resembling the ripeness of 
fruit. 7. Complete ; proper for use. 8. Maturated; sup- 
purated ; as an abscess or tumor. 

t RIPE, V. i. To ripen ; to grow ripe ; to be matured. 

JRIPE, V. t. To mature ; to ripen. Shak. 

RTPE'LY, adv. Maturely ; at the fit time. Shak. 

RI'PEN, (ri'pn) v. i. [Sax. ripiav , D. rypen ; G. reifen.} 
1. To grow ripe ; to be maturea , as grain or fruit. 2. To 
approach or come to perfection ; to be fitted or prepared. 

RI'PEN, (ri'pn) v.t. 1. To mature ; to make ripe ; as grain 
or fruit. 2. To mature ; to fit or prepare. 3. To brmg to 
perfection. 

RiPE'NESS, n. 1. The state of being ripe or brought to that 
state of perfection which fits for use ; maturity. 2. FuP 
growth. 3. Perfection ; completeness. 4. Fitness ; qual- 
ification. 5. Complete maturation or suppuration, as of 
an ulcer or abscess. 6. A state of preparation. 

RI-PHe'AN, a. An epithet given to certain mountains in 
the north of Asia. 

RIP'IER, or RIP'PER, n. In old laws, one who brings fisb 
to market in the inland country. Cowel. 

RIPPED, ])p. Torn or cut offer out ; torn open. 

RIP'PER, n. One who tears or cuts open. 

RIP'PING, ppr. Cutting or tearing off or open ; tearing up 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y>, long.~FAK, FALL, WHAT ;~PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BlRD;— f Obsoleie 



RIT 



707 



ROA 



aIP'PING, n. 1. A tearing. 2. A discovery , [obs.'j Spenser. 

RIP'PLE, V. i. [Dan. ripper.] To fret on the surface, as 
water when agitated. 

RIP'PLE, V. t. [G. riffeln, to hatchel.] 1. To clean, as flax. 
Rav. 2. To agitate the surface of water. 

RIP'PLE, n. 1. The fretting of the surface of water : little 
curling waves. 2. A large comb or hatchel for cleaning 
flax. 

RIP'PLING, ppr. Fretting on the surface. 

RIPTLING, n. 1. The ripple dashing on the shore, or the 
noise of it. 2. The act or method of cleajiing flax 5 a 
hatchelin^. 

RIPT, pp. for ripped. 

lilP'TOW-ELL, 71. A gratuity given to tenants after they 
had reaped their lord's corn. Todd. 

RISE, (rize) v. i. ; pret. rose ; pp. risen ; pron. roze, rizn. 
[Sax. arisaii ; B.ryzen; Goth, reisan.] 1. To move or 
pass upward in any manner j to ascend. 2. To get up ; 
to leave the place of sleep or rest. 3. To get up or move 
from any recumbent to an erect posture. 4. To get up 
from a seat ; to leave a sitting posture. 5. To spring ; to 
grow. 6. To swell in quantity or extent ; to be more ele- 
vated. 7. To break forth ; to appear. 8. To appear above 
the horizon ; to shine. 9. To begin to exist ; to originate ; 
to come into being or notice. 10. To be excited ; to begin 
to move or act. 11. To increase in violence. 12. To ap- 
pear in view. 13. To appear in sight j also, to appear 
more elevated. 14. To change a station ; to leave a place. 
15. To spring ; to be excited or produced. 16. To gain 
elevation in rank, fortune or public estimation ; to be pro- 
moted. 17. To break forth into public commotions ; to 
make open opposition to government. 18. To be excited 
or roused into action. 19. To make a hostile attack. 20. 
To increase ; to swell ; to grow more or greater. 21. To 
be improved ; to recover from depression. 22. To elevate 
the style or manner. 23. To be revived from death. 24. 
To come by chance. 25. To ascend ; to be elevated above 
the level or surface. 26. To proceed from. 27. To have 
its sources in. 28. To be moved, roused, excited, kindled 
or inflamed, as passion. 29. To ascend in the diatonic 
scale. 30. To amount. 31. To close a session. This 
verb is written also arise, which see. 

RISE, n. 1. The act of rising, either in a literal or fig- 
urative sense ; ascent. 2. The act of springing or mount- 
ing from the ground. 3. Ascent ; elevation, or degree of 
ascent. 4. Spring ; source ; origin. 5. Any place elevated 
above the common level. 6. Appearance above the hori- 
zon. 7. Increase; advance. 8. Advance in rank, hon- 
or, property or fame. 9. Increase of sound on the same 
key ; a swelling of the voice. 10. Elevation or ascent of 
the voice in the diatanic scale. U. Increase ; augmenta- 
tion. 12. [D. rys ; from the verb.] A bough or branch ; 



[obs.] Chaucer. 
WEN, pp. See Rise. 



R 

RiS ER, 11. 1. One that rises ; as, an early riser. — 2. Among 
joiners, the upright board of a stair. 

RISH, n. A rush. Cheshire Gloss. 

*RI-St-BILT-TY,?i. [from risible.] 1. The quality of laugh- 
ing, or of being capable of laughter. 2. Proneness to 
laugh. 

* Rl'SI-BLE, or RIS'I-BLE, a. [Fr. risible ; L. risibilis.] 

1. Having the faculty or power of laughing. 2. Laugha- 
ble ; capable of exciting laughter. The description of 
Falstatf in Shakspeare, exhibits a risible scene. Risible 
differs from ludicrous, as species from genus ; ludicrous 
expressing that which is playful and sportive ; risible, that 
which may excite laughter. Risible differs from ridicu- 
lous, as the latter implies something mean or contempti- 
ble, and risible does not. 

RTS'ING, ppr. 1. Getting up ; ascending ; mounting ; spring- 
ing ; proceeding from ; advancing ; swelling ; increasing ; 
appearing above the horizon ; reviving from death, &c. 

2. Increasing in wealth, power or distinction. 
RlS'lNG, Ti. 1. The act of getting up from any recumbent 

or sitting posture. 2. The act of ascending. 3. The act 
of closing a session, as of a public body. 4. The appear- 
ance of the sun or a star above the horizon. 5. The act 
of reviving from the dead ; resurrection, jyiark ix. 6. A 
tumor on the body. Lev. xiii. 7. An assembling in oppo- 
sition to government 3 insurrection; sedition or mu- 
tiny. 

RISK, n. [Fr. risque; Arm. risgl ; Port, risco ; It. rischio.] 
1. Hazard ; danger ; peril ; exposure to harm. — 2. In com- 
merce, the hazard of loss, either of ship, goods or other 
property. — To run a risk, is to incur hazard ; to encounter 
danger. 

RISK, V. t. 1. To hazard ; to endanger ; to expose to injury 
or loss. 2. To venture ; to dare to undertake. 

RISKED, pp. Hazarded ; exposed to injury or loss. 

RISK'ER, n. One who hazards. 

RISK'ING , ppr. Hazarding ; exposing to injury or loss. 

RISSE, obsolete ;)rei. of rise. B. Jonson. 

RITE, n. [Fr. rit, rite ; L. ritus ; It., Sp. rito.] The man- 
ner of performing divine or solemn service as established 



. by law, precept or custom 3 formal act of religion, or other 
solemn duty. 

RI-TOR-NEL'LO, n. [It.] In music, a repeat ; the burden 
of a song, or the repetition of a verse or strain. 

RIT'U-AL, a. [It. rituale.] 1. Pertaining to, rites j con- 
sisting of rites 2. Prescribing rites. 

RIT'U-AL, n. A book containing the rites to be observed, 01 
the manner of performing divine service in a pardcular 
church, diocese or the like. 

RIT'U-AL-IST, n. One skilled in the ritus^;. Qregorv. 

RITU-AL-LY, adv. By rites ; or by a particular rite.' 

fRIVAGE, n. [Fr.] A bank, shore or coast. Spenser. 

RI'VAL, n. [L. rivalis ; Fr., Sp. rival ; It. rivale.] 1. One 
who is in pursuit of the same object as another ; one striv 
ing to reach or obtain something which another is at- 
tempting to obtain, and which one only can possess ; a 
competitor 2. One striving to equal or exceed ^nothei 
in excellence. 3. An antagonist ; a competitor .ai any 
pursuit or strife. 

Ri'VAL, a. Having the same pretensions or claims ; stand- 
ing in competition for superiority. Dryden. 

RI'VAL, V. t. 1. To stand in competition with ; to strive to 
gain the object which another is contending for. 2 To 
stiive to equal or excel ; to emulate. 

t Ri'VAL, v.i. To be competitors. Shak. 

t RI-VAL'I-TY, n. Rivalry. Shak. 

Ri'VAL-RY, n. [from rival.] Competition ; a strife or effort 
to obtain an object which another is pursuing ; an en- 
deavor to equal or surpass another in some excellence; 
emulation. 

Ri'VAL-SHIP, n. 1. The state or character of a rival. 2. 
Strife ; contention for superiority ; emulation ; rivalry. 

RIVE, V. t. ; pret. rioed ; pp. rived, or riven. [Dan. revner, 
river ; Sw. rifva.] To split ; to cleave ; to rend asunder 
by force. Dryden. 

RIVE, V. i. To be split or rent asunder. Woodward. 

RIVE, n. A rent, or tear. JBrockett. 

t RI V'EL, V. t. [Sax. gerifled ; Sw. rifva.] To contract into 
wrinkles ; to shrink. Dryden. 

RIVEN, pp. of rive. Split ; rent or burst asunder. 

Ri'VER, n. One who rives or splits. 

RIVER, n. [Fr. riviere; Arm. rifyer ; Corn, ryvicr ; It. 
riviera ; L. rivus, rivulus ; D. rivier.] 1. A large stream 
of water flowing in a channel on land towards the ocean, 
a lake or another river. 2. A large stream ', copious flow ; 
abundance. 

RIV'ER-DRAG-ON, n. A crocodile ; a name given by Ml- 
ton to the king of Egypt. 

t RIVER-ET, n. A small river. 

RIVER-GOD, 71. A deity supposed to preside over a river, 
as its tutelary divinity ; a naiad. Lempriere. 

RIVER-HORSE, n. The hippopotamus, an animal inhabit- 
ing rivers. Milton. 

RI VER-WA-TER, n. The water of a river. 

RIVET, v.'t. [It. ribadire; Port, rebitar.] 1. To fasten 
with a rivet or with rivets. 2. To clinch. 3. To fasten 
firmly ; to make firm, strong or immovable. 

RIVET, n. A pin of iron or other metal ; a pin or bolt 
clinched at both ends. 

RIVET-ED, pp. Clinched ; made fast. 

RIVET-ING, ppr. Clinching ; fastening firmly 

RIVU-LET, w. ['L.jivulus.] A small stream or brook 3 a 
streamlet. Milton. 

t RIX-A'TION, n. [L. rixatio.] A brawl or quarrel. 

RIX-DOL'LAR, 71. [G. reichsthaler ; B. ryksdaalder , Sw 
riksdaler; Tian.rigsdaler.] A silver coin ofGermany, Den 
mark and Sweden, of different value in different places 
In Hamburg and some other parts of Germany, its value 
is the same as the American dollar, or 45. 6d. sterling. 

RoACH, 71. [Sax. reohche, hreoce; G.roche; Dan. 7 kke.] 
A fish of the genus cyprinus, found in fresh water. — 6<f 
somid as a roach is a phrase supposed to have been orig- 
inally, as sound as a rock, [¥x. roche.] 

RoAD, n. [Sax. rad, radc ; G. reise ; D. reis ; Fr. rade ; Sp. 
raaa ; G., D. recde.] 1. An open way or public passage , 
ground appropriated for travel, forming a communication 
between one city, town or place and another 2 A 
place where ships may ride at anchor at some distance 
from the shore ; sometimes called roadstead, that is, a 
place for riding, meaning at anchor. 3. A journey ; [obs.] 
4. An inroad ; incursion of an enemy ; [obs.] — On the 
road, passing ; traveling. Law. 

RoADER, I 71. Among seamen, a vessel riding at anchor 

RoAD'STER, \ in a road or bay. 

ROAD'STEAD. See Road. 

RoAD'VVaY, 7t. A highway. [Tautological.] Shak. 

RoAM, V. i. To wander ; to ramble ; to rove ; to walk or 
move about from place to place without any certain pur- 
pose or direction. 

RoAM, V. t. To range ; to wander over. Milton. 

RoAM'ER, n. A wanderer ; a rover ; a rambler ; a vagran* 

Roaming, ppr. Wardering; roving. 

RoAM'ING, or RoAM, n. The act of wandering. 

RoAN, a. [Fr. rouan.] A roan horse is one that is of a bay, 



• See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolet* 



ROB 



ROD 



sorrel or dark color, with spots of gray or white thickly 
interspersed 

RoAN -TREE, 71. A tree ; the mountain ash. Lee. 

RoAR, V. i. [Sax. rarian ; W. rhaicr.] 1. To cry with a 
fall, loud, continued sound ; to beUow, as a beast. 2. To 
cry aloud, as in distress. 3. To cry aloud ; to bawl ; as a 
child. 4. To cause aloud, continued sound. 5. To make 
a loud noise. 

RoAR, n. 1. A full, loud sound of some continuance ; the 
cry of a beast. 2. The loud cry of a child or person in 
distress. 3. Clamor ; outcry of joy or mirth ; as, a roar 
of laughter. 4. The loud, continued sound of the sea in 
a storm, or the howling of a tempest. 5. Any loud sound 
of some continuance. 

RoAR'ER, n. One that roars, man or beast. 

RoAR'ING, ppr. Crying like a buU or lion ; uttering a deep, 
j[oud sound. 

RoAR'IXG, n. The cry of a lion or other beast ; outcry of 
distress, Job iii. ; loud, continued sound of the billows of 
the sea or of a tempest, 7s. v. 

RoAR'Y, a. Dewy ; more properly rory. 

RoAST, V. t. [W. rhostiaK .; Ir. rostum ; Arm. rosta ; Fr. 
rdtir ; It. arrostire ; D. roosten ; G. r'dsten ; Sw. rosta.] 

1. To cook, dress or prepare meat for the table by exposing 
it to heat, as on a spit, in a bake-pan, in an oven, or the 
like. 2. To prepare for food by exposure to heat. 3. To 
heat to excess ; to heat violently. 4. To dry and parch 
by exposure to heat. — 5. In metallurgy, to dissipate the 
volatile parts of ore by heat. — 6. In common discourse, to 
jeer ; to banter severely. 

RoAST, 11. That which is roasted. 

RoAST, a. [for roasted.l Roasted ; as, roast beef. 

RoAST, 7(. In the phrase, to rule the roast, this word is a cor- 
rupt pronunciation of theG. rafA, counsel, Dan.,D. raad, 
Sw. rud. 

RoAST'ED, pp. Dressed by exposure to heat on a spit. 

ROASTER, 71. 1. One that roasts meat ; also, a gridiron. 

2. A pig for roasting. 

Roasting, ppr. l. Preparing for the table by exposure 
to heat on a spit ; drying and parching. 2. Bantering 
with severity. 

RoAST'IXG, n. A severe teasing or bantering. 

ROB, 7!. [Sp. roh.'] The inspissated juice of ripe fruit, mixed 
with honey or sugar to the consistence of a conserve. 

ROB, V. t. [G. raubeii ; D. rooven ; Sw. roffa ; It. rubare ; 
Sp. robar ; Port, roubar.] 1. In laic, to take from the per- 
son of another feloniously, forcibly and by putting him in 
fear. 2. To seize and carry from any thing by violence 
and with felonious intent. 3. To plunder ; to strip un- 
lawfully. 4. To take away by oppression or by violence. 
5. To take from ; to deprive. — 6. In a loose sense, to steal ; 
•to take privately without permission of the owner. 7. To 
withhold what is due. Jtlal. iii. 

RO-BAL'LO, 7). A iish found in Mexico. Clavigero. 

ROB BE, n. [G.] The sea-dog or seal. 

ROBBED, pp. Deprived feloniously and by violence ; plun- 
dered ; seized and carried away by violence. 

ROB BER, 71. 1. In laic, one thattakes goods or money 
from the person of another by force or menaces, and with 
a felonious intent. — 2. In a looser sen^e, one who takes 
that to which he has no right ; one who steals, plunders 
or strips by violence and wrong. 

ROB'BER-Y, n. 1. In laic, the forcible and felonious taking 
from the person of another any money or goods, putting 
him in fear, that is, by violence or by menaces of death or 
personal injury. — Robbery differs from theft, as it is a vio- 
lent felonious taking from the person or presence of an- 
other ; whereas theft is a felonious takinir of goods pri- 
vately from the person, dwelling, &c. of another. 2. A 
plundering ; a pillaging ; a taking away by violence, 
wrong or oppression. 

ROB'BING, ppr. Feloniously taking from the person of an- 
other ; putting him in fear ; strippins ; plundering. 

ROB'BIXS, or ROPE'-BANDS, n. [rope and baiids.] Short, 
<lat, plaited pieces of rope with an e}^e in one end, used 
in pairs to tie the upper edges of squai-e sails to their yards. 

ROBE, 71. [Fr. robe ; Sp. ropa ; Port, roupa ; Ir. roba ; It. 
roba.] 1. A kind of gown, or long, loose garment, worn 
over other dress, particularly by persons in elevated sta- 
tions. 2. A splendid female gown or garment. 2 Sam. 
xiii. 3. An elegant dress ; splendid attire. — 4. In Scrip- 
ture, the vesture of purity or righteousness, and of happi- 
ness. Job xxix. 

ROBE, V. t. 1. To put on a robe ; or to dress with magnifi- 
cence ; to array. Pope. 2. To dress ; to invest, as with 
beauty or elegance. 

RoBED, pp. Dressed with a robe ; arrayed with elegance. 

ROBERS-MAN, or ROB'EBTS-MAN, 77. In the old stat- 
utes of England, a bold, stout robber or night thief, said to 
be so called from RoUnhood, a famous robber. 

ROB'ERT, or HERB-ROB'ERT, n. A plant of the genus 
geranium ; stork's bill. Jiinsworth. 

ROB'ERT-INE, n. One of an order of monks, so ceilled 
from Robert Flower, the founder, A. D. 1187. 



ROB'IN, 71. [L. rubecula.] 1. A bird of the genus mota- 
cilla, called, also, redbreast.— 2. In the United States, a 
bird with a red breast, a species of turdus. 

ROB'IN-GQOD-FEL-LoW, n. An old domestic goblin. 

ROB'O-RANT, a. [L. roborans, roboro.] Strengthening. 

ROB'O-RANT, n. A medicine that strengthens j but cor- 
roborant is generally used. 

ROB-O-Ra'TION, 7i. [L. roboro.] A strengthening [L.u.\ 

RO-Bo'RE-OUS, a. [h. roboreus.] Made of oak. 

RO-BUST', a. [L. robustus.] 1. Strong; lusty; sinewy; 
muscular ; vigorous ; forceful. 2. Sound ; vigorous. 3. 
Violent ; rough ; rude. 4. Requiring strength. 

fRO-BUS'TIOUS, a. [L. robustus.] 1. Strong ; sinewy ; 
vigorous ; forceful. Milton. 2. Requiring strength. Locke 
Robustious is now used only in low language. 

t RO-BUS'TIOUS-LY, adv. With violence ; with fury. 

t RO-BUS'TIOUS-XESS, n. Quality of being vigorous 

RO-BUST'NESS, n. Strength; vigor, or the condition of 
the body when it has full, firm flesh and sound health. 

ROe'AM-BOLE, or ROK'AM-BOLE, 71. A sort of wUd gar- 
lic, the allium scorodoprasum. 

ROCHE'-AL-UM, (roch'-al-um) n. [Fr. roche.] Rock-alum, 
a purer kind of alum. Mortimer. 

RO-CHELLE' SALT. Tartrate of pofash and soda. 

ROCH'ET, n. [Fr. rochet ; It. roccetto, rccchetto.] A sur- 
plice ; the white, upper gannent of a priest worn while 
oificiating. 

ROCH'ET, 77. A fish, the roach, which see. 

ROCK, 7!. [Fr. roc, or roche ; It. rocca ; Sp. roca ; Port. 
roca, rocha.] 1. A large mass of stony matter, usually 
compounded of two or more simple minerals, either bed- 
ded in the earth or resting on its surface. — 2. In Scripture, 
fgurativcly, defense ; means of safety ; protection ; 
strength ; asylum. 3. Firmness ; a firm or immovable 
foundation. Ps. xxvii. 4. A species of vulture or condor 
Encyc. 5. A fabulous bird in the Eastern tales. 

ROCK, 77. [Dan. rok ; Sw. rock ; D. rokken ,- G. rocken ; It 
rocca.] A distaff used in spinning; the staff" or frame 
about which flax is arranged, from which the thread is 
drawn in spinning. 

ROCK, V. t. [Dan. rokker ; G. riicken ; Old Fr. '••ocquer, or 
roqucr,] 1. To move backward and forward, as a body 
resting on a foundation. It differs from shake, as denot- 
ing a slower and more uniform motion, or larger move- 
ments. It differs from sicing, which expresses a vibratory 
motion of something suspended. 2. To move backwards 
and forwards in a cradle, chair, &c. 3. To lull to quiet. 

ROCK, V. i. To be moved backwards and forwards ; to reel. 

ROCK'-AL-UM, 71. The purest kind of alum. See Roche- 

iLTTM. 

ROCK'-Ea-SIN, 77. A cavity or artificial basin cut in a rock 

for the purpose, as is supposed, of collecting the dew or 

rain for ablutions and purifications prescribed by the dru- 

idical religion. Grosier. 
ROCK'-BUT-TER, 77. A subsulphete of alumin. 
ROCK-CRYS'TAL, ?7. The most perfect variety of siliceous 

earth or quartz ; limpid quartz. 
ROCK'-DoE, 77. A species of deer. Grew. 
ROCKED, pp. [from rock, the verb.] Moved one way and 

the other. 
ROCK'ER, 77. One who rocks the cradle ; also, the curving 

piece of wood on which a cradle or chair rocks. 
ROCK'ET, 77. [Dan. raket, rakette ; G. rackete.] An artificial 

fire-work, consisting of a cylindrical case of paper, filled 

with a composition of combustible ingredients, as nitre, 

charcoal and sulphur. This bemg tied to a stick and 

fired, ascends into the air and bm-sts 
ROCK'ET, 77. [L. cruca.] A plant of the genus brassica. 
ROCK'-FISH, 77. A species of gobius. 
ROCK'I-NESS, n. [from rocky.] State of abounding with 

rocks. 
ROCK'ING, ppr. Moving backwards and forwards. 
ROCK'LESS, a. Being without rocks. Dryden. 
ROCK'-OIL, 77. Another name for petrol or petroleum. 
ROCK'-PIG-EON, 71. A pigeon that builds her nest on a 

rock. 
R0CK'-R5SE, 77. A plant of the genus cistus. 
ROCK'-RU-BY, 77. A name sometimes given to the garnet. 
ROCK'-SALT, 77. Fossil or mineral salt ; salt dug from the 

earth ; muriate of soda. 
ROCK'-WOOD, 77. Ligniform asbestus. Cyc. 
ROCK'-WoRK, 77. 1. Stones fixed in mortar in imitation 

of the asperities of rocks; forming a wall. 2. A natural 

wall of rock. 
ROCK'Y, a. 1. Full of rocks. 2. Resembling a rock. JJ/iZ- 

ton. 3. Very hard ; stony ; obdurate ; unsusceptible of 

impression. 
ROD, 77. [Sax. rod ; Dan. rode ; D. roedc] 1. The shoot or 

long twig of any woody plant ; a branch, or the stem of a 
*6hrub. 2. An instrument of punishment or correction ; 

chastisement. 3. Discipline ; ecclesiastical censures. 1 

Cor. iv. 4. A kind of sceptre. 5. A pole for angling ; 

something long and slender. Gay. 6. An instrument for 

measuring ; but more generally, a measure of length cou- 



* See Svnonsis A, E, T 0, U, Y, long.— FA.B., FALL, WHA.T ;— PRgY j— KN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsclete 



J 



ROL 



709 



ROM 



taining five yards, or sixteen feet and a half j a pole j a 
perch. — 7. In Scripture, a staff or wand. 1 Sam. xiv. 8. 
Support. Ps. xxiil. 9. A shepherd's crook. Lev. xxvii. 
10. An instrument for threshing. Is, xxviii. 11. Power ; 
authority. Ps. cxxv. 12. A tribe or race. Ps. Ixxiv.— 
Rod of iron, the mighty power of Christ. Rev. xix. 

RODE, pret. of ride ; also, a cross; See Rood. 

ROD'0-MONT, ?i. [Fr. rodomo7it j It. rodomonte.] A vain 
boaster. Herbert. 

ROD'O-MOiNT, a. Bragging ; vainly boasting. 

ROD-O-MON-TaDE', 71. [Fr. rodomontade; It. rodomon- 
tata.] Vain boasting 3 empty bluster or vaunting ; rant. 
Dryden. 

ROD-O-MON-TaDE', v. i. To boast ; to brag ; to bluster ; 
to rant. 

ROD-0-MON-TaD'IST, ; n. A blustering boaster 3 one that 

ROD-0-MON-TaD'OR, \ brags or vaunts. 

RoE, I u. [Sax. ra or raa, rage or hrmge ; G. 

RoE'BU€K, \ reli and rehbock ; Dan°. raa or raabuk ; 
S\v. rabock.] 1. A species of deer, the car vus capreolus, 
with erect, cylindrical, branched horns, forked at the sum- 
mit. 2. Roe, the female of the hart. 

RoE, 71. [G, rogcn.] The seed or spawn of fishes. 

RoE -STONE, n. Called, also, oolite, which see. 

RO-Ga'TION, n. [Fr. jL.. rogatio.] 1. Litany 5 supplica- 
tion. — 2. In Roman jurisprudence, the demand by the 
consuls or tribunes, of a law to be passed by the people. 

RO-Ga'TION-WEEK, n. The second week before Whit- 
sunday, thus called from the three fasts observed therein 5 
viz., on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday, called roga- 
tion-days, because of the extraordinaiy prayers then made 
for the fruits of the earth, or as a preparation for the de- 
votion of the Holy Thursday. Diet. 

RoGUE, (rog) n. [Sax. earg, arg ,- D., G., Sw., Dan. arg.] 

1. In law, a vagrant 3 a sturdy beggar 3 a vagabond. 2. 
A knave 3 a dishonest person 3 applied to males. 3. A 
name of slight tenderness and endearment, 4. A wag. 

RoGCJE, (rog) v. i. 1. To wander 3 to play the vagabond 3 
[little used.] Spenser. 2. To play knavish tricks 3 [little 
used.] Johnson. 

ROGU'ER-Y, n. 1. The life of a vagrant 3 [I. u.] Donne. 

2. Knavish tricks 3 cheating 3 fraud 3 dishonest practices. 
Dryden. 3. Waggery 3 arch tricks 3 mischievousness. 

RoGUE'SHIP, 71. The qualities or personage of a rogue. 

RoGU'ISH, a. 1. Vagrant 3 vagabond 3 [nearly obs.] 2. 
Knavish 3 fraudulent 3 dishonest. Swift. 3. Waggish 3 
wanton 3 slightly mischievous. Addison. 

RoGU'ISH-LiT, adv. Like a rogue 3 knavishly 3 wantonly. 

RoGL''ISH-NESS,7i. 1. Thequalitiesof arogue 5 knavery 3 
inischievousness. 2. Archness 3 sly cunning. 

f RoGU'Y, «. Knavish 3 wanton. UEstrange. 

ROIL, V. t. [This is the Arm. brella ; Fr. brouiller, er.ilrou- 
iller ; It. brogliare, imbrogliare ; Sp. embroUar ; Port, eui- 
brulliar.] l.^To render turbid by stirring up the dregs or 
sediment. 2. To excite some degree of anger 3 to disturb 
the passion of resentment. [These senses are in common 
use in JYew England, and locally in England.] 3. To per- 
plex 5 [local in England. J 

ROILED, pp. Rendered turbid or foul by disturbing the lees 
or sediment 3 angered slightly 3 disturbed in mind by an 
offense. 

ROIL'ING, ppr. Rendering turbid 3 or exciting the passion 
of anger. 

ROIL'Y, a. Turbid. [A colloquial word in Meio England.] 

t ROIN, n. [Fr. rog7ie.] A scab 3 a scurf. Chaucer. 

ilOINT. See Aroynt. 

t ROIST, ) V. i. [Arm. reu^tla.] To bluster 5 to swag- 

t ROIST'ER, \ ger 3 to bully 5 to be bold, noisy, vaunting 
or turbulent. Shak. 

t ROIST'ER, I n. A bold, blustering, turbulent fel- 

i ROISTER-ER, \ low. 

■ ROIST'ER-LY, adv. Like a roister 5 lawless 3 violent. 

ROKE, ROOK, or ROAK, n. Mist 3 smoke 3 damp. Jforth 
of England 

tRoK'Y, a. [See Reek.] Misty 5 foggy 3 cloudy. Ray. 

Roll, v.t. [D.,G.rollen; Sw.rulla; 'D?Ln. ridler ; W. 
rholiaw ; Fr. rouler.] 1. To move by turning on the sur- 
face, or with a circular motion, in which all parts of the 
surface are successively applied to a plane. 2. To re- 
volve 3 to turn on its axis. 3. To move in a circular di- 
rection. 4. To wrap round on itself 5 to form into a cir- 
cular or cylindrical body. 5. To inwrap 3 to bind or 
involve in a bandage or the like. 6. To form by rolling 
into round masses. 7. To drive or impel any body with a 
circular motion, or to drive foiward with violence or in a 
stream. 8. To spread with a roller or rolling pin. 9. To 
produce a periodical revolution. 10. To press or level 
with a roller. — To roll one's self, to wallow. Jilic. i. 

Roll, v. L l. To move by turning on the surface, or with 
the successive application of all parts of the surface to a 
plane. 2. To move, turn or run on an axis, as a wheel. 

3. To run on wheels. 4. To revolve 3 to perform a peri- 
odical revolution. 5. To turn 3 to move circularly. 6. 



To float in rough water 5 to be tossed about. 7. To move, 
as waves or billows, with alternate swells and depressions. 
8. To fluctuate 3 to move tumultuously. 9. To be moved 
with violence ; to be hurled. 10. To be formed into a 
cylinder or ball. 11. To spread under a roller or rolling- 
pin. 12. To wallow 3 to tumble. 13. To rock or move 
from side to side. 14. To beat a drum with strokes so 
rapid that they can scarcely be distinguished by the ear. 

Roll, n. l. The act of rolling, or state of being rolled. 2. The 
thing rolling. 3. A mass made round 3 something like a bal, 
or cylinder. 4. A roller 3 a cylinder of wood, iron or stone 
5. A quantity of cloth wound into a cylindrical form. 6. A 
cylindrical twist of tobacco. 7. An official writing 3 a list , 
a register 3 a catalogue. 8. The beating of a drum'' with 
strokes so rapid as scarcely to be distinguished by the ear 
— 9. Rolls of court, of parliament, or of any public body, 
are tlie parchments on which are engrossed, by the proper 
officer, the acts and proceedings of that body, and which, 
being kept in rolls, constitute the records of such public 
body. — 10. In antiquity, a volume 5 a book consisting of 
leaf, bark, paper, skin or other material on which the an- 
cients wrote, and which, being kept rolled or folded, was 
called in Latin volumen, from volvo, to roll. 11. A chroni- 
cle 3 history 3 annals. 12. Part 3 ofiice 5 that is, round of 
duty, like turn 3 [obs.] 

Rolled, -pp. Moved by turning 3 formed into a round or 
cylindrical body ; leveled with a roller, as land. 

RoLL'ER, n. 1. That which rolls 3 that which turns on its 
own axis 3 particularly, a cylinder of wood, stone or 
metal, used in husbandry and the arts. 2. A bandage 3 a 
fillet 3 properly, a long and broad bandage used in sur- 
gery. 3. A bird of the magpie kind, about the size of a 
jay. 

RoLL'ING, ppr. Turning over 5 revolving 3 forming into a 
cylinder or round mass 3 leveling, as land. 

RoLL'ING, ?i. The motion of a ship from side to side. 

RoU^'ING-PIN, 71. A round piece of wood, tapering at 
each end, with which paste is molded and reduced to a 
proper thickness. 

RoLL'ING-PRESS, 71. An engine consisting of two cylin- 
ders, by which cloth is calendered, waved and tabbied 5 
also, an engine for taking impressions from copper plates 3 
also, a like engine for drawing plates of metal, <&c. 

RoLL'Y-POOL-Y, ?i. [said to be from ro/Z and pool, or roll 
ball, and pool.] A game in which a ball, rolling into t 
certain place, wins. 

RoM'AGE, n. Bustle 3 tumultuous search. See Rummage. 

RO-MAL', (ro-maul') 7i. A species of silk handkerchief. 

RO'MAN, a. [L. Romanus,froxaRo7na.] 1. Pertaining t:- 
Rome, or to the Roman people. 2. Romish 3 popish 3 pro 
fessing the religion of the pope. 

Ro'MAN CATH'O-LIC, as an adjective, denoting the reli 
gion professed by the people of Rome and of Italy, at the 
head of which is the pope or bishop of Rome 3 as a noun, 
one who adheres to the papal religion. 

Ro'MAN,?/. i. A native of Rome. 2. A citizen of Rome ; 
one enjoying the privileges of a Roman citizen. 3. One 
of the Christian church at Rome to which Paul addressed 
an epistle. 

*RO-MANCE', (ro-mans', orro'mans) n. [Fr. roman ; It. 
romanzu ; Sp. romance.] 1. A fabulous relation or story of 
adventures and incidents, designed for the entertainment 
of readers 3 a tale of extraordinary adventures, fictitious 
and often extravagant, usually a tale of love or war, sub- 
jects interesting the sensibilities of the heart, or the pas- 
sions of wonder and curiosity. — Romance differs from the 
novel, as it treats of great actions and extraordinary ad- 
ventures 3 that is, according to the Welsh signification, it 
vaults or soars beyond the limits of fact and real life, and 
often of probability. 2. A fiction. Prior. 

*RO-MANCE', (ro-mans', or r5'mans) v. i. To forge and tell 
fictitious stories 5 to deal in extravagant stories. Rich- 
ardson. 

*RO-MAN'CER, ) n. 1. One who invents fictitious stories 

*R5'MAN-CER, \ 2. A writer of romance. 

* RO-M AN CING, ) ppr. Inventing and telling fictitious 

*Ro'MAN-CING, \ tales 3 building castles in the air. 

RO-MAN'CY, a. Romantic. [Mot proper.] 

RO'MAN-IgM, n. The tenets of the church of Rome. 

RO'MAN-IST, n. An adherent to the papal religion 3 a Ro- 
man Catholic. Encyc. 

RO MAN-IZE, V. t. L To Latinize 5 to fill with Latin 
words or modes of speech, 2. To convert to the Roman 
Catholicreligion, or to papistical opinions. 

Ro'MAN-iZE, v.i. To conform to Romish opinions, cus- 
toms or modes of speech. 

Ro'MAN-lZED, pp. Latinized. 

RO-MANSH', n. The language of the Grisons in Switzer 
land, a corruption of the Latin. 

RO-MAN'Tie, a. 1. Pertaining to romance, or resembling 
it 3 wild 3 fanciful 3 extravagant. 2. Improbable or chi- 
merical 3 fictitious. 3. Fanciful 3 wild 3 full of wild dt 
fantastic scenery. 

RO-MAN'TI-€AL-LY, adv. Wildly ; extravagantly. 



?ee STfltvpsis. MOVE, BOOK, HOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this. + Obsolete 



ROO 



710 



ROS 



RO-MAN'Tie-NESS, 71. 1. Wildness ; extravagance; fan- 
cifulness. 2. Wildness of scenery. 

RO-MAN'ZO-VITE, n. A mineral of the garnet kind. 

RoM£'PEN-NY, ) n. [Rome, and Sax. pennig, or sceat.l A 

RoME'SeOT, \ tax of a penny on a house, formerly 
paid by the people of England to tiie church of Rome. 

RoM'ISH, a. Belonging or relating to Rome, or to the reli- 
gion professed by the people of Rome ; catholic 3 popish. 

RoM'lST, n. .4 papist. South. 

ROMP, n. [a different spelling of rawijj ,• W.rham.] 1. A 
rude girl who indulges in boisterous play. Addison. 2. 
Rude play or frolick, Thomson. 

ROMP, V. i. To play rudely and boisterously 3 to leap and 
fri^ about in play. Richardson. 

ROMP'ING, ppr. Playing rudely ; as a noun, rude, boister- 
ous play. 

ROMP'ISH, a. Given to rude play ; inclined to romp. 

ROMP'ISH-NESS, «. Disposition to rude, boisterous play; 
or the practice of romping. Steele. 

ROMPU, or ROM-PEE', 71. [L. rumpo.] In heraldry, an 
ordinary that is broken, or a chevron, a bend or the like, 
whose upper points are cut off. 

RON-DEAU', (ron-do') ) n. [Fr. rondeau.] 1. A kind of 

RON'DO, \ poetry, commonly consisting of 

thuteen verses, of which eight have one rhyme, and five 
another. Warton. — 2. In music, the rondo, vocal or instru- 
mental, generally consists of three strains. 3. A kind of 
jig or lively tune that ends with the first strain repeated. 

tRUN'DLE,7i. [fi-om round.] A round mass. Peacham. 

tRON'DURE, n. [Fr. rondeur.] Around; a circle. Shak. 

•f RONG, the old pret. and pp. of ring, now rung. Chaucer. 

fRoN'ION, (run'yun) n. [Fr. rognon,] A fat, bulky 
woman. 

R6NT, n. An animal stinted in its growth. See Runt. 

ROOD,/;, [a different orthography of ro<i.] 1. The fourth 
part of an acre, or forty square rods. 2. A pole ; a meas- 
ure of five yards ; a rod or perch ; [not used in Amerira.] 

ROOD, 7i. [Sax. rode, or rod.] The cross ; or an image of 
Christ, of the virgin Mary and St. John, or some other 
saint, on each side of it. 

ROOD'LOFT, 71. A loft or gallery in a church, on which 
relics and images were set to view. Johnson. 

ROOB'Y, a. Coarse; luxuriant. Craven dialect. 

ROOF, n. [Sax. rof, hrof.] 1. The cover or upper part of a 
house or other building. 2. A vault ; an arch ; or the in- 
terior of a vault. 3. The vault of the mouth ; the upper 
part of the mouth ; the palate. 

ROOF, V. t. 1. To cover with a roof. 2. To inclose in a 
house ; to shelter. 

ROOFED, pp. Furnished or covered with a roof or arch. 

ROOF'ING,p^r. Covering with a roof. 

ROOF'ING, n. The materials of which a roof is composed ; 
or materials for a roof. Encyc. 

ROOF'LESS, a. [Sax. rofiease.] 1. Having no roof. 2. 
Having no house or home ; unsheltered . 

ROOF'Y, a. Having roofs. Dryden. 

ROOK, 71. [Sax. hroc ; G. roche ; Dan. roge.] ]. A fowl of 
the genus corvus. 2. A cheat ; a trickish, rapacious fel- 
low. 

ROOK, 71. [It. rocco.] A common man at chess. 

ROOK, V. i. To cheat ; to defraud. Locke. 

ROOK, V. t. To cheat ; to defraud by cheating. Aubrey. 

ROOK, V. i. To squat. See Ruck. 

ROOK'ER-Y, n. 1. A nursery of rooks. Pope. — 2. In low 
'■a}rgv -ge, a brothel. 

ROOK'Y', a. Inhabited by rooks ; as, the rooky wood. 

ROOM, n. [Sax., Dan., Sw. ruvi ; D. ruim ; G. raum.] I. 
Space; compass; extent of place, great or small. 2. 
Space or place unoccupied. 3. Place for reception or ad- 
mission of any thing. 4. Place of another ; stead ; as in 
succession or substitution. 5. Unoccupied opportunity. 
6. An apartment in a house ; any division separated from 
the rest by a partition. 7. A seat. Lukexiv. — To inuke 
room, to open a way or passage ; to free from obstructions. 
— To nzke room, to open a space or place for any thing. — 
To give room, to withdraw ; to leave space unoccupied 
for others to pass or to be seated. 

ROOM, V. i. To occupy an apartment ; to lodge. 

t ROOM' AGE, 71. [from rooyn.] Space; place, Wotton. 

ROOMFUL, a. Abounding with rooms. Donne. 

ROOM'I-NESS, n. Space ; spaciousness ; large extent of 
space. 

ROOMTH, )n.B.vAa. Space ; spacious. Ill-formed ic or ds, 

ROOMTH'Y, \ and not used in the United States. 

ROOM'Y, a. Spacious : wide ; large ; having ample room. 

ROOF'Y, a. Hoarse. Craven dialect. 

ROOST, n. [Sax. hrost ; D. roest.] The pole or other sup- 
port on which fowls rest at night. Dryden. — dt roost, in 
a state for rest and sleep. 

ROOST, v.i. 1. To sit, rest or sleep, as fowls on a pole, 
tree or other thing at n^trht. 2. To lodge, in burlesque. 

KOOST ING, ppr. Sitting for rest and sleep at night. 

ROOT, n. [Dan. r-jd ; Sw. rot ; L. radix.] ]. That part of 
a 'plant which entei-s and fixes itself in the earth, and 



serves to support the plant in an erect position, while, by 
means of its flbrils, it imbibes nutriment for the stem- 
branches and fruit. 2. The part of any thing that resem- 
bles the roots of a plant in manner of growth. 3. The 
bottom or lower part of any thing. 4. A plant whose rout 
is esculent or the most useful part ; as beets, carrots, <slc 
5. The original or cause of anything. 6. The first ances- 
tor. Locke. — 7. In arithmetic and algebra, the root of any 
quantity is such a quantity as, when multiplied into itself 
a certain number of times, will exactly produce that 
quantity. 8. Means of growth.— 9. In music, the funda- 
mental note of any chord.— idoot of bitterness, in Scripture, 
any error, sin or evil that produces discord or immorality. 
— To take root, to become planted or fixed ; or to be estab- 
lished. — To take deep root, to be firmly planted or estab- 
lished ; to be deeply impressed. 

ROOT, V. i. 1. To fix the root; to enter the earth, as roots. 
2.* To be firmly fixed ; to be established. 3. To sink deep. 

ROOT, V. t. 1. To plant and fix deep in the earth ; used 
chiefly in the participle. 2. To plant deeply ; to impress 
deeply and durably. 

ROOT, V. i. or t. [Sax. wrot, wrotan ; D. wroeten ; G. reute.n ; 
ban. roder ; Sw. rota.] To turn up the earth with the 
snout, as swine. — To root up or out, to eradicate ; to ex- 
tirpate ; to remove or destroy root and branch ; to extermi- 
nate. 

ROOT'-BOUND, a. Fixed to the earth by roots, Milton 

ROOT'-BUlLT, a. Built of roots. Shenstone. 

ROOTED, pp. Having its roots planted or fixed in the earth 
hence, fixed ; deep ; radical. 

ROOT'ED-LY, adv. Deeply ; from the heart. Shak. 

ROOTER, n. One that roots ; or one that tears up by the 
roots. 

ROOT'-HOUSE, n. A house made of roots. Dodsley. 

ROOT'ING, ppr. Striking or taking root ; turning up with 
the snom. 

ROOT'-LeAF, 71. A leaf growing immediately from the 
root. jMartijn. 

ROOT'LET, 7*. A radicle ; the fibrous part of a root. 

ROOT'Y, a. Full of roots ; as, rooty ground. Adams. 

r6-PAL'I€, a. [Gr. ponaXov, a club.] Clubformed ; in- 
creasing or swelling towards the end. 

ROPE, n. [Sax. rap; Sw. rep ; Dan. ree& ,• W.rhaf; Ir 
ropa,roibin.'\ 1. A large string or line composed of sever- 
al strands twisted together. 2. A row or string consisting 
of a number of things united, 3. Ropes, [Sax. roppas,] 
the intestines of birds. — Rope of sand, proverbially, feeble 
union or tie ; a band easily broken. 

ROPE, V. i. To draw out or extend into a filament or thread, 
by means of any glutinous or adhesive quality 

ROPE'-BAND. SeeRoBBiN. 

RoPE'-DAN-CER, 7!. [rope and daricer.] One that walks 
on a rope suspended. Addison. 

RoPE'-LAD-DER,7i. A ladder made of ropes. 

RoPE'-MaK-ER, 71. One whose occupation is to make 
ropes or cordage. 

RoPE'-MaK-ING, n. The art or business of manufacturing 
ropes or cordage. 

RoP'ER-Y, n. 1. A place where ropes are made. 2. A trick 
that deserves the halter, Shak. 

RoPE TRICK, n. A trick that deserves the halter. Shak. 

RoPE'WALK, n. Along covered walk, or a long building 
over smooth ground, where ropes are manufactured. 

RoPE'-YARN, 71, Yarn for ropes, consisting of a single 
thread. 

RO'PI-NESS, n. Stringiness, or aptness to draw out in a 
string or thread without breaking, as of glulmous substan- 
ces ; "viscosity ; adhesiveness. 

RoP'Y, a. Stringy ; adhesive ; that may be drawn into a 
thread ; viscous ; tenacious ; glutinous. 

*ROa'UE-LAUR, 71. [from Fr. ; Dan. roMeZor.] A cloak 
for men. Gay. 

Ro'RAL, a. [L. roralis.] Pertaining to dew, or consisting 
of dew ; dewy. Green. 

t RO-Ra'TION, 7). [L. roratio.] A falling of dew. Diet. 

RO'RID, a. [L. ro7-idus.] Dewy. Granger. 

RO-RIF ER-OUS, a. [L, ros and fero.] Generating or pro- 
ducing dew. Diet. 

t RO-RIF'LU-ENT, a. [L. ros and fluo.] Flowing with 
dew. Diet. 

RO-Sa'CEOUS, a. [L, rosaceus.] Rose-like ; composed of 
several petals, arranged in a circular form. 

Ro'SA-RY, n. [L, rosarium.] 1. A bed of roses, or place 
where roses grow. 2. A chaplet. 3. A string of beads 
used by Roman Catholics, on which they count theii 
prayers. 

RO-SAS'IC, a. The rosasic acid is obtained from the urine 
of persons affected with intermitting and nervous fevers. 

fROSCID, a. [L. roscidus.] Dewy; containing dew, o 
consisting of dew. Bacon. 

ROSE, n. [Fr. rose ; L., It., Sp. rosa; G,, Dan. rose.] 1. A 
plant and flower of the genus rosa, of many species and 
varieties. 2. A knot of ribbon in the form of a rose, used 
as an ornamental tie of a shoe.— Under the rose, in secret ; 



*SeeSynopsi<:. a g, I, O, tJ, Y, /o'!-— FAR, FALL, WH4T;^PREy ;-PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— 1[ Obsolete. 



ROT 



711 



ROIJ 



pnvately ; in a manner that forbids disclosure.— iJose of 
Jericho, a plant growing on the plaii> of Jericho. 

HOSE, ])ret. of rise. 

RO'SE-AL, a. [L. roseus.'] Like a rose in smell or color. 

*E,0''SE-ATE, (ro'zhe-at) a. [Fr. rosat.] 1. Rosy 5 full of 
roses. 2. Blooming ; of a rose color. Boyle. 

RpSE'BAY, 71. A plant, the nerium oleander. 

RoSED, a. Crimsoned ; flushed. Shak. 

RoSE'GALL, n. An excrescence on the dog-rose. 

RoSE'-M'AL-L5W, n, A plant of the genus alcea. 

ROSE'MA-Rr, n. [L. rosmarinus.] A verticillate plant of 
the genus rosmarinus. 

RoSE'No-BLE, n. An ancient English gold coin, stamped 
with the figure of a rose, first struck in the reign of Ed- 
ward III. and current at 6s. 8d., or, according to Johnson, 
at 16 shillings. 

RoSE'-aUARTZ, n. A subspecies of quartz. 

ROSE'-RQOT, n. A plant of the genus rhodiola. 

Ro'SET, n.' [Fr. rosette.] A red color used by painters. 

RoSE'-WA-TER, n. Water tinctured with roses by distil- 
l^ation. Encyc. 

ROSE'- WOOD, n. A plant or tree of the genus aspalathus, 
growing in warm climates. 

R0S-I-€RU'CIAN, n. [L. ros and crux.] The Rosicrucians 
were a sect or cabal of hermetical philosophers, or rather 
fanatics, who sprung up in Germany in the fourteenth 
century, and made great pretensions to science ; and, 
among other things, pretended to be masters of the secret 
of the philosopher's stone. 

ROS-I-€Ru'CIAN, a Pertaining to the Rosicrucians, or 
their arts. Hudibras. 

t Ro'SIER, (ro'zhur) n. [Fr.] A rose-bush. Spenser. 

ROS'IN, n. [This is only a diifeient orthography of resin ; 
Lr.roisin; Fr.resine; h. resina. See Resin.] 1. Inspis- 
sated turpentine, a juice of the pine. 2. Any inspissated 
matter of vegetables that dissolves in spirit of wine. 

ROS'IN, V. t. To rub with rosin. Oay. 

Ro'SI-NESS, n. The quality of being rosy, or of resembling 
the color of the rose. Daoenant. 

ROS'IN-Y, a. Like rosin, or partaking of its qualities. 

ROS'LAND, n. [W. rhos, peat, or a moor. ] Heathy land ; 
land full of ling ; moorish or watery land. 

ROS'PO, 71. A fish of Mexico, perfectly round. 

ROSS, n. [qa. G. graus.] The rough, scaly matter on the 
surface of the bark of certain trees. JVew England. 

ROSS'EL, n. Light land. [JVot used in .America.] 

t ROSS'EL-LY, a. Loose ; light. Mortimer. 

ROS'SET, n. The large ternate bat. 

ROS'SIG-NOL, n. [Ft. ; It.rosignuolo.] The nightingale. 

ROS'TEL, n. [L. rostellum.] In botany, the descending plane 
part of the corcle or heart, in the first vegetation of a seed. 

ROS'TER, n. In military affairs, a plan or table by which 
the duty of officers is regulated. — In Massachusetts, a list 
of the officers of a division, brigade, regiment or battalion. 

ROS'TRAL, a. [L. rostrum.] 1. Resembling the beak of a 
ship. 2. Pertaining to the beak. 

ROS'TRATE, ) a. [L. rostratus.] 1. In botany, beaked ; 

ROS'TRA-TED, \ having a process resembling the beak 
of a bird. 2. Furnished or adorned with beaks. 

ROS'TRUM, n. [L.] 1. The beak or bill ©f a bird. 2. 
Jhe beak or head of a ship. — 3. In ancient Rome, a scaf- 
fold or elevated place in the fomm, where orations, plead- 
ings, funeral harangues, &c. were delivered. 4. The 
pipe which conveys the distilling liquor into its receiver, 
in the common alembic. 5. A crooked pair of scissors, 
used by surgeons for dilating wounds. 

RO'SY, a. 1. Resembling a rose ; blooming ; red ; blushing ; 
charming. 2. Made in the form of a rose. 

ROT, V. i. [Sax. rotian ; .D. rotten ; Sw. rota.] To lose 
the natural cohesion and organization of parts, as animal 
and vegetable substances ; to be decomposed and resolved 
into its original component parts by the natural process, 
or the gradual operation of heat and air ; to putrefy. 

ROT, t'.lt. To make putrid ; to cause to be decomposed by 
the natural operation of air and heat; to bring to corrup- 
tion. 

ROT n. 1. A fatal distemper incident to sheep, usually 
supposed to be owing to wet seasons and moist pastures. 
2. Putrefaction ; putrid decay. — 3. Dry rot, in timber, the 
decay of the wood without the access of water. 

RO'TA, n. [L. rota ; W. rhod.] 1. An ecclesiastical court 
of Rome, composed of twelve prelates.— 2. In English 
history, a club of politicians, who, in the time of Charles 
I. contemplated an equal government by rotation. 

Ro'TA-LITE, n. A genus of fossil shells. 

RO'TA-RY, a. [L. rota ; W. rhod ; Sp. rueda ; Port, roda.] 
Turning, as a wheel on its axis. 

RO'TATE, a. In botany, wheel-shaped ; monopetalous, 
spreading flat, without a tube. 

Ro'TA-TED, a. [L. rotatus.] Turned round ^ as a wheel. 

r6-Ta'TION, n. [L. rotatio.] 1. The act of turning, as 
a wheel or solid body on its axis, as distinguished from the 
progressive motion of a body revolving round another 
body or a distant point. 2. Vicissitude of succession. 



RO'TA-TIVE, a. Turning, as a wheel ; rotatory. [L. «.] 

RO-Ta 'TO-PLANE, a. In botany, wheel-shaped and flat, 
without a tube. Lee. 

RO-Ta'TOR, n. [L.] That which gives a circular or roll 
ing motion ; a muscle producing a rolling motion. 

RO'TA-TO-RY, a. [from rota tor. J 1. Turning on an axis 
as a wheel ; rotary. 2. Going m a circle ; following in 
succession. 

t ROTE, ii. [a contraction of crowd, W. crwth, Ir. emit ] 
A kind of violin or harp. 

ROTE, n. [L. rota.] Properly, a round of words ; frequent 
repetition of words or sounds, without attending to the 
signification, or to principles and rules ; a practice that im- 
presses words in the memory without an effort of the 
understanding, and without the aid of rules. 

ROTE, V. t. To fix in the memory by means of frequent 
repetition, without an effort of the understanding to com- 
prehend What is repeated. [Little used.] Shak. 

ROTE, V. i. To go out by rotation or succession. [Little 
used ] 

ROTH'ER-BeASTS, n. [Sax. hryther.] Cattle of tte bo- 
vine genus. Golding. 

ROTH'ER-NAlLS,m. [coxrvLpteAfmrarjidder-nails.] Among 
shipicrights, nails With very full heads, used for fastening 
the rudder-irons of ships. 

ROTH'OF-FITE, n. A variety of grenate, brown or black. 

RO'TO-CO, n. An eastern weight of 5lbs. Entick. 

ROT'TEN, (rot'n) a. [Sw. rutten.] 1. Putrid; carious; 
decomposed by the natural process of decay. 2. Not firm 
or trusty ; unsound ; defective in principle ; treacherous ; 
deceitful. 3. Defective in substance ; not sound or hard. 
4. Fetid ; ill-smelling. 

ROT'TEN-NESS, n. State of being decayed or putrid ; ca 
riousness ; putrefaction ; unsoundness. 

ROTTEN-STONE, n. A soft stone or mineral. 

RO-TUND', a. [L,. rotundus.] 1. Round; circular; spher- 
ical. — 2. In ioJ«7??/, circumscribed by one unbroken curve, 
or without angles. 

RO-TUND-I-Fo'LI-OUS, a. [L. rotundas and folium.] 
Having round leaves. 

RO-TUND'I-TY, 71. Roundness ; sphericity ; circularity. 

RO-TUND'O, 71. [It. rotondo.] A round building; any 
building that is round both on the outside and inside. 

ROU'COU, (roo'koo) n. A substance used in dyeing ; the 
same as anotta. 

ROUGE, (roozh) a. [Fr.] Red. Davies. 

ROUGE, (roozh) n. Red paint; a substance used for paint- 
ing the cheeks. 

ROUGE, V. i. To paint the face, or rather the cheeks. 

ROUGE, V. t. To paint or tinge with red paint. 

ROUGH, (ruf ) a. [Sax. hreog, hreoh, hrug, reoh, rug, ruh, 
href, hreof; D. ruig.] 1. Having inequalities, small ridges 
or points on the surface ; not smooth or plane. 2. Stony; 
abounding with stones and stumps. 3. Not wrought or 
polished. 4. Thrown into huge waves ; violently agi- 
tated. 5. Tempestuous ; stormy ; boisterous. 6. Aus- 
tere to the taste ; harsh. 7. Harsh to the ear ; grating ; 
jarring ; unharmonious. 8. Rugged of temper ; sevei-e ; 
austere ; rude ; not mild or courteous. 9. Coarse in man- 
ners ; rude. 10. Harsh ; violent ; not easy. 11. Harsh ; 
severe ; uncivil. 12. Hard-featured ; not delicate. 13. 
Terrible ; dreadful. 14. Rugged ; disordered in appear- 
ance ; coarse. 15. Hairy ; shaggy ; covered with hairs, 
bristles and the like. 

ROUGH'-CAST, (ruf kast) v. t. [rough and cast.] 1. To 
form in its first rudiments, without revision, correction 
and polish. 2. To mold without nicety or elegance, or to 
form with asperities. 3. To cover with a mixture of 
plaster and shells or pebbles. 

ROUGH'-€aST, (ruf-kast) 71. 1. A rude model; the form 
of a thing in its first rudiments, unfinished. 2. A plaster 
with a mixture of shells or pebbles, uped for covering 
buildings. 

ROUGH '-DRAUGHT, (rUf'-draft) n. A draught in its rudi- 
ments ; a draught not perfected ; a sketch. 

ROUGH'-DRAW, (ruf'-draw) v. t. To draw or delineate 
coarsely. Dryden. 

ROUGH'DRAWN, {mf- drawn) pp. Coarsely drawn. 

ROUGH'EN;'(rufn) v. t. [from rough.] To make rough. 

ROUGH'EN, (ruf n) v. i. To grow or become rough. 

ROUGH'-FOOT-ED, (ruf-fut-ed) a. Feather-footed. 

ROUGH'-HEW, (ruf'-hu) v. t. [rough and hew.] 1. To 
hew coarsely without smoothing. 2. To give the first 
form or shape to a thing. 

ROUGH'-HEWN, (ruP-hune) pp. ot a. 1. Hewn coarsely 
without smoothing. 2. Rugged ; unpolished ; of coarse 
manners ; i-ude. 3. Unpolished ; not nicely finished. 

ROUGH'INGS, (rufingz) 71. Grass after mowing or reaping, 
[Local.] 

ROUGH'LY, (rufly) adv. 1. With uneven surface ; with 
asperities on the suiface. 2. Harshly ; uncivilly ; rudely 
3. Severely ; without tenderness. 4. Austerely to the 
taste. 5. Boisterously ; tempestuously. 6. Harshly to the 
ear. 7. Violently ; not gently. 



Set Synopsis. M5VE , BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tAwr t Obsolete 



712 



ROW 



ROUGH'NESS, (rufii^^^PflBj, Unevenness of surface, oc- 
ca-sioned by small promineiices ; asperity of surface, 2, 
Austereuess to the taste. 3. Taste of astringency. 4. 
Harshness to the ear. 5. Euggedness of temper; harsh- 
ness ; austerity. 6. Coarseness of manners or behavior ; 
rudeness. 7. Want of delicacy or refinement. 8. Severi- 
ty ; harshness or violence of discipline. 9. Violence of 
operation in medicines. 10. Unpolished or unfinished 
state. 11. Inelegance of dress or appearance. 12. Tem- 
pestuousness ; boisterousness ; as ot v/inds or weather. 
13. Violent agitation by wi]id. 14. Coarseness of featm-es. 

ROUGH- iCiD'-ER, n. One that breaks horses for riding. 

ROUGH '-SHOD, (ruf shod) a. Shod with shoes armed with 
points. 

t SOUGHT, for raught ; pret. of reach. Shak. 

ROUGH'-W^ORK, (ruf wm-k) v. t. To work over coarsely, 
without regard to nicety, smoothness or finish. 

ROUGIi'-WR OUGHT, (rufrawt) a. Wrought or done 
coarsely. 

RoU-LEAU', (roo-15') n. [Fr.] A little roll 5 a roll of guin- 
eas in paper. Pope. 

\ ROUN, V. i. [G. rawien ; Sax. nmian.] To whisper. 

JROUN, V. t. To address in a whisper. Bret. 

ROUNCE, (rouns) n. The handle of a printing press, 

ROUN'CE-VAL, n. [from Sp. Roncesvalles.'] A vaHety of 
pea, so called. Tusser. 

ROUN'-TREE, or RoAN'-TRii;E, n. The mountain-ash. 

ROUND, a. [Fr. rond ; It., Sp., Port. ro7ida.] 1. Cylindri- 
cal ; circular ; spherical or globular. 2. Full ; large. 3. 
Full ; smooth ; flowing 5 not defective or abrupt. 4. 
riaiii , open , ca'; did ; lair. 5. Full ; quick ; brisk. 6. 
Full; plump; bold; positive. — A round number is a 
number that ends with a cipher, and may be divided by 
10 without a remainder. 

ROUiND, n. 1. A circle ; a circular thing, or a circle in mo- 
tion. 2. Action or perfonnance in a circle, cr passing 
through a series of hands or things, and coming to the 
point of beginning ; or the tiane of such action. 3. Rota- 
tion in office; succession in vicissitude. 4. A rundle ; 
the step of a ladder. 5, A walk performed by a guard or 
an officer round the rampart of a garrison, or among sen- 
tinels, to see that the sentinels are faithful and all thing's 
safe, 6. A dance ; a song ; a roundelay, or a species of 
fugue, 7, A general discliarge of fire-arms by a body of 
troops, in which each soldier fires once. — .^7 round of car- 
triges and balls, one cartridge to each man. 

ROUiVD, adv. 1. On all sides. 2. Circularly ; in a circular 
form. 3. From one side or party to another. 4. Is'ot in 
a direct line ; by a course longer than the direct course. — 
All round, in common speech, denotes over the whole place, 
or in every direction. 

ROUND, pre^. 1. On every side of; as, the people stood 
round him. 2. About ; in a circular course, or in all parts ; 
as, to go round the city. 3. Ciicularly ; about. — To come 
or get r-jiLiid one, in popular language, is to gain advantage 
over one by flattery or deception ; to circumvent. 

ROUND, V. t. To make circular, spherical or cylindrical. 
2. To surround ; to encircle ; to encompass. 3. To form 
to the arch or figure of the section of a circle. 4. To 
move about any thing. 5. To make full, smooth and 
flowing. — To round in, among seamen, to pull upon a slack 
rope, v/hich passes through one or more blocks m a direc- 
tion nearly horizontal. 

ROUND, V. i. 1. To grow or become round. 2. To go 
round. — To round to, in sailing, is to turn the head of the 
ship towards the wind. 

j- ROUND, V. i. [a corruption of roun j Sax. runian ; G, 
raunen.] To whisper. Bacon. 

ROUiN'DA-BOUT, a, [round cmdi about.'] 1, Indirect ; going 
round ; loose. 2, Ample ; extensive. 3. Encircling ; 
encompassing. 

ROUND'A-BOUT, n. A large strait coat. 

ROUNDEL, ROUND'E-LAY, or ROUND'O, -n. [Fr. 
rondelet.'] 1. A sort of ancient poem, consisting of thir- 
teen verses, of which eiglit are in one kind of rhyme, and 
five in another. 2. [Fr. rondelle.] A round form or 
figure ; [ohs.] 

t ROUND'ER, n. Circumference ; inclosure. 

ROUND'HEAD, n. [round and head.] A name formerly 
given to a Puritan, from the practice which prevailed 
among the Puritans of cropping the hair round. Spectator. 

ROUND HEAD-ED, a. Having a round head cr top. 

ROUND'HOUSE, n. 1. A constable's prison ; the prison to 
secure persons taken up by the night watch, till they can 
be examined by a magistrate. Encyc. — 2. In a. ship of war, 
a certain necessary near the head," for the use of particu- 
lar officers. — 3. In large merchant-men and ships of loar, a 
cabin or apartment in the after part of the quarter-deck, 
having the pf'op for its roof; sometimes called the 
coach. 

KOUxVD'ING,p^r. 1. IMaking round or circular. 2. Making 
full, flowing and smooth. 

ROUND'ING, a. Round or roundish ; nearly round. 

ROUND'ING, n. Among seamen, old ropes wound about the 



part of the cable which lies in the hawse, or athwart the 
stem, to prevent its chafing. 
ROUNDISH, a. Somewhat round ; nearly round. 

ROUND'ISH-NESS, n. The state of being roundish. 
ROUND'LET, n. A little circle. Gregory. 

ROUND'LY, adv. 1. Iji a round form or manner. 2. Open- 
ly , boldly ; without reserve ; peremptorily. 3, Plainly ; 
fully, 4. Briskly ; with speed. 5. Completely ; to the 
purpose ; vigorously ; in earnest. 

ROUND'NESS, n. I. The quality of being round, circular, 
spherical, globular or cylindrical ; circularity ; sphericity ; 
cylindrical form ; rotundity, 2. Fullness ; smoothness of 
flow. 3. Openness; plainness; boldness; positiveness. 

ROUND'RIDgE, v. t. ground and 7-idge.] In tdluire, to 
form round ridges by ploughing. Edwards, W. Indtes. 

ROUND'ROB-IN, n. [Vi. rund and ruban. Todd.] A writ 
ten petition, memorial or remonstrance signed by names 
in a ring or circle. Forbes. 

ROUND.S, ?i. plu. 1. See llouJND, n. No. 5. 2. Roan d- top ; 
see Top. 

ROUSE, (rouz) v. t. [This word, written also arouse, seems 
to belong to the family cf raise or rush. See Raise.] 1. To 
wake from sleep or repose. Gen. xlix. 2. To excite to 
thought or action from a state of idleness, languor, stupid- 
ity or inattention. 3. To put into action ; to agitate. 4, 
I'o drive a beast from his den or place of rest, 

ROUSE, V. i. 1. To awake from sleep or repose. 2. To be 
excited to thought or action from a state of indolence, 
sluggishness, languor or inattention. 

ROUSE, V. i. In seamen's language, to pull together upon 
a cable, &c. without the assistance of tackles. 

t ROUSE, n. [D. roes : G. rausch.] A full glass of liquor ; 
a bumper in honor of a health. Shak. 

ROUSED, pp. Awakened from sleep ; excited to thought 
or action. 

ROUg'JJil, 5!. One that rouses or excites. 

EOUS'ING, ppr. 1. Awaking from sleep ; exciting ; calling 
into action. 2. a. Having power to awaken or excite. 
3. Great ; violent ; [vv'igar.] 

ROUT, 71. [G. rotte ; D. rot; Dan. rode.] 1, A rabble ; a 
clamorous multitude ; a tumultuous crowd, — 2. In law, a 
rozu is where three persons or more meet to do an uniav/- 
ful act upon a common quarrel, as forcibly to break down 
fences on a right claimed of common orof way, and make 
some advances towards it, 3. A select company ; a party 
for gaming 

ROUT, 74. [Fr. deroute ; It. rotta.] The breaking or de- 
feat of an army or band of troops, or the disorder and 
confusion of troops thus deJfated and put to flight. 

ROUT, V. t. To break the ranks of troops and put them to 
flight in disorder ; to defeat and throw into confusion. 

tRO'UT, r.r. To assemble in a clamorous and tunmltuous 
crowd. Bacon. 

*ROUT, ?,„,.>,( n. [Fr. route ; Sp. rauta ; Arm, roud ; W. 

ROUTE, I ^-^^^ I rhawd.] The course or way wliich is 
traveled or passed, or to be passed ; a passing ; a course ; 
a march. 

tllOUT, r. I. [Sax. /),ruta?i,] To snore. Chaucer. 

I ROUT, V. t. [for root.] To turn up the ground with the 
snout ; to search. 

ROU-TiNE', (roo-teen') n. [Fr.] 1. A round of business, 
amusements or pleasure, daily or frequentlj' pursued ; 
particularly, a course of business or official duties, regu- 
larly or frequently returning. 2. Any regular habit or 
practice not acconmiodated to circumstances. 

ROVE, V. I. [Dan. rover ; Sw. rofva.] To wander ; to 
ramble ; to range ; to go, move or pass without certain 
direction in any manner, by walking, riding, flying or 
otherwise. 

ROVE, V. t. To wander over ; as, roving a fleld, 

ROVE, V. t. [q\i. reeve.] To draw a thread, string or cord 
through an eye or aperture. 

RoV'ER, n. 1. A wanderer ; one who rambles about. 2. 
A fickle or inconstant person. 3. 'A robber or pirate ; 
a freebooter. — M rovers, without any particular aim ; at 
random. 

JxOV'U<G, ppr. Rambling; wandering; passing a cord 
through an eye, 

RoW, n. [Sax. rawa : G.rcihe; D.rei.] A series of per- 
sons or things arranged in a continued line ; a line ; a 
rank ; a file. Milton. 

ROW, n. A riotous noise; a drunken debauch. [A low 
word.] 

RoW, V. t. [Sax. rowan, reo^can ; Sw. ro ; Dan. roer.] 1 
To impel, as a boat or vessel along the surface of water 
by oars. 2. To transport by rowing. 

Row, V. i. To labor with the oar ; as, to row well. 

fRoW'A-BLE, a. Capable of being rowed or rowed upon. 

RoWED,^p. Driven by oars. 

ROWEL, 71. [Old Fr. rouelle.] 1. The little wheel of a 
spur, formed with sharp points. — 2. Among farriers, a roll 
of hair or silk, used as an issue on horses, answering to a 
seton in surgery. 3. A little flat ring or wheel of plate or 
iron on horses' bits. 



* See Synopds. A, K, T, 6, V, ^, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD j- 



RUB 



713 



RUD 



ROWEL, t>. t. To insert a rowel in ; to pierce the skin and 
keep open tlie wound by a rowel. 

ROWEjVj n. 1. A field kept up till after Michaelmas, that 
the corn left on the ground may sprout into green. J\rotes 
on Ttisser. — 2. In JSTew England, the second growth of 
grass in a season. 

UoWER, n. One that rows or manages an oar in rowing. 

Rowing, ppr. impelling, as a boat by oars. 

ROWLEY-RAGG. See Ragg. 

RoW-LOOK, n. That part of a boat's gunwale on which 
the oar rests in rowing. Mar'. Diet. 

RoW-PoRT, 71. A little square hole in the side of small 
vessels of war, near the surface of the water, for the use 
ot an oar for rowing in a calm. 

ROY'AL, a. [Fr. royal; It. reale ; Sp., Port. real.'\ 1. 
Kingly; pertaining to a king; regal. 2. Becoming a 
king ; magnificent. 3. Noble ; illustrious. 

ROY'AL, 7f. 1. A large kind of paper. It is used as a noun 
or an adjective. — 2. Among seamen, a small sail spread 
immediately above the top-gallant-sail ; sometimes termed 
the top-gallant^oyal. 3. One of the shoots of a stag's 
head. — 4. In artillery, a small mortar. — 5. In England, 
one of the soldiers of the first regiment of foot, called the 
royals, and supposed to be the oldest regular corps in Eu- 
rope. 

ROY'AL ISM, n. Attachment to the principles or cause of 
royalty, or to a royal government. Madison. 

ROY'AL-IST, n. An adherent to a king, or one attached to 
a kingly government. Waller. 

ROY'AL-TZEji). t. To make roj'al. Shak. 

RO Y' AL-LY, adv. In a kingly manner ; like a king ; as 
becomes a king. Dryden. 

ROY'AL-TY, ?t. [Fr. i-oyaute ; It. realtd.] 1. Kingship; 
the character, state or office of a king. — 2. Royalties, plu. 
emblems of royalty; regalia. 3. Rights of a king ; pre- 
rogatives. 

t ROYNE, V. t. [Fr. rogner.] To bite ; to gnaw. 

t ROYN'ISH, a. [Fr. rogneux ; Sp. ronoso ; It. rognoso.] 
Mean ; paltry ; as, the roynish clown. Shak. 

t ROY TEL-ET, 7t. [Fr. roitelet.] A little king. Heylin 

t ROY'TISH, a. Wild ; irregular. Beaximont. 

BUB, P.t. [W. rhwbiaw.] 1. To move something along 
the surface of a body with pressure. 2. To wipe; to 
clean ; to scour. 3. To touch so as to leave behind some- 
thing which touches ; to spread over. 4. To polish ; to 
retouch ; with over. 5. i'o obstruct by collision ; [unu- 
sual.] Skak. — To rub down, to clean by rubbing; to conb 
or curry, as a horse. — To rah off, to clean any thing by 
rubbing ; to separate by friction. — To rub out. 1. To erase ; 
to obliterate. 9. To remove or separate by friction. — To 
rub upon, to touch hard. Sidney. — To rub up- 1. To bur- 
nish ; to polish ; to clean. 2. To excite ; to awaken ; to 
rouse to action. 

RUB, V. i. 1. To move along the surface of a body with 
pressure. 2. To fret; to chafe. 3. To move or pass 
with difficulty. 

RUB, n. 1. The act of rubbing ; friction. 2. That which 
renders motion or progress difficult; collision; hinder- 
ance ; obstruction. 3. Inequality of ground that hinders 
the motion of a bowl. 4. Difficulty ; cause of uneasi- 
ness ; pinch, 5. Sarcasm ; joke ; something grating to 
the feelings. 

RUB, or RUB'-STONE, n. [rub and stone.] A stone, usu- 
ally some kind of sandstone, used to sharpen instruments ; 
a whetstone. 

fRUB'BAGE, tRUB'BIDGE, or fRUB'BLE, for rubbish, 
vulgar and not used. 

RUB'BER, n. 1. One that rubs. 2. The instrument or 
thing used in rubbing or cleaning. 3. A coarse file, or 
the rough part of it. 4. A whetstone ; a rubstone. — 5. In 
gaming, two games out of three ; or the game that decides 
the contest ; or a contest consisting of three games. — India 
rubber, elastic resin, or caoutchouc, a substance produced 
from the syringe-tree of South America ; a substance re- 
markably pliable and elastic. 

RUB'BISH,?;. 1. Fragments of buildings ; brolcen or imper- 
fect pieces of any structure ; ruins. "2. Waste or reject- 
ed matter ; any thing worthless. 3. Mingled mass ; con- 
fusion. 

RUB'BLE-STONE; n. A stone, so called from its being 
rubbed and worn by water ; graywacke. 

RU-BE-Fa'CIENT, a. [I^. rubefacio.] Making red. 

RU-BE-Fa'CIENT, n. In medicine, a substance or external 
application which excites redness of the skin. 

RU'BEL-LITE, n. [from L. rubeus.] A silicious mine- 
ral of a red color of various shades ; the red shorl ; siberite. 

RU-BES'CENT, a. [Ij. rubescens,rubesco.] Growing or be- 
coming red ; tending to a red color. 

RU'BI-€AN, a. [Fr.; L. rubeo.] Rubican color of ,a horse 
is a bay, sorrel or black, with a light gray or white upon 
the flanks, but the gray or white not predominant there. 

Ru'BI-CEL, n. [L. rubeo.] A gem or mineral, a variety of 
ruby of a reddish color, from Brazil. 

Rtf'BI-€UND, a. [L. rubicuiidus.] Inclining to redness. 



tRU-BI-€UND'I-TY,7i. Disposition to redness. 

RU'BIED, a. Red as a ruby ; as, a rubied lip. 

RU-BIF'I€, a. fL. ruber and facio.] Maldng red 

RU-BI-FI-€a'TION, n The act of making red. 

RU'BI-FORM, a. [L. ruber 3.nd form.] Having the form of 
red. JVewton. 

RXJ'Bl-FY,v.t. [h. ruber and facio.] To make red. [L.u.] 

RU-BI'GO, ?/. Mildew; a rust which appears on the leaves 
and stems of plants, consisting of a small fungus. 

fRU'BI-OUS, a. [1.. rubeus.] Red ; ruddy. S/taA;. 

RU'BLE, (roo'bl) n. [Russ., from rublyu.] A silver coin oi 
Russia, of the value of about fifty-seven cents. 

RU'BRie, 71. [Fr. rubrique; L., It., Sp. rubrica.] 1. In 
the canon law, a title or article in certain ancient law 
books ; so called because written in red tetters. 2. Direc- 
tions printed in prayer books. 

RtJ'BRI€, V. t. To adorn with red. 



RtJ'BRIO, 



a. Red. 



RU'BRI-OAL, 

Ru'BRI-€AL, a. Placed in rubrics. 

RU'BRI-€ATE, v. t. [L. rubricatus.] To mark or distin- 
guish with red. Herbert. 

RU'BRI-€ATE, a. Marked with red. Spelman. 

Ru'BY, 71. [Fr. rubis ; Sp. rubi ; Fort, rubi, rubim ; It.ru 
bino.] 1. A precious stone; a mineral of a carmine-red 
color. 2. Redness ; red color. 3. Any thing red. 4 
A blain ; a blotch; a carbuncle. — Ruby of arsenic or sul- 
phur is the realgar, or red combination of arsenic and sul- 
phur. jYicholson. — Ruby of zink is the red blend. — Rock 
ruby, the amethystizontes of the ancients, is the most 
valued species of garnet. 

Ru'BY, V. t. To make red. Pope. 

Ru'BY, a. Of the color of the ruby ; red ; as, ruby lips. 

RUeK, V. t. [L. rugo.] 1. To cower ; to bend and set 
close ; [obs.] Oower. 2. To wrinkle. 

RUGK, n. A ^vrinkle ; a fold ; a plait. 

RU€-Ta'TION, 71. [L. ructo.] The act of belching wmd 
from tlie stomach. 

f RUD, to make red, used by Spenser, is a different spellinj 
of red. See Ruddy. 

RUD, 72. [Sax. ritde.] 1. Redness; blush; also, red ochre 
2. The fish rudd. 

RUDD, n. [probably from red, mddy.] A fish. 

RUD'DER, n. [G. ruder; Sax. rother.] 1. InrMvigation 
the instrument by which a ship is steered ; that part of 
the hehn which consists of a piece of timber, broad at the 
bottom, which enters the water and is attached to the 
stern-post by hinges, on which it turns. 2. Tliat which 
guides or governs the course. 3. A sieve ; [local.] 

RUD'DER-PERCH, 7(. A small fish. Catesby. 

RUD'DI-NESS, n. The state of being ruddy ; redness, or 
rather a lively tiesh color ; that degree of redness which 
characterizes high health ; applied chiefly to the complex 
ion or color of the human skin. 

RUD'DLE, n. [W. rhutell.] The name of a species of chalk 
or red earth, colored by iron. Woodward. 

RUD'DLE-MAN, n. One who digs ruddle. 

RUD'DOe, 71. [Sax. rudduc] A bird. 

RUD'DY, a. [Sax. rude, rudu, read; D. rood; G. roth.] 1. 
Of a red color ; of a lively flesh color, or the color of the 
human skm in high health. 2. Of a bright yellow color ; 

i unusual.] 
DE, a. [Fr. rude ; It. rude and rozzo ; Sp. rudo ; L. ru~ 
dis.] 1. Rough; uneven; rugged; unformed by art. 2. 
Rough ; of coarse mannei-s ; unpolished ; uncivil ; clown- 
ish : rustic. 3. Violent ; tumultuous ; boisterous ; turbu- 
lent. 4. Violent ; fierce ; impetuous. 5. Harsh ; inclem- 
ent. 6. Ignorant ; untaught ; savage ; barbarous. 7 
Raw ; untaught ; ignorant ; not skilled or practiced. 8. 
Artless; inelegant; not polished. 

RUDE'LY, adv. 1. With roughness. 2. Violently ; fierce- 
ly ; tnmultuously. 3. In a rude or uncivil manner. 4. 
Without exactness or nicety ; coarsely. 5. UnskillfuUy. 
6. Without elegance. 

RtJDE'NESS, n. 1. A rough, broken state; unevenness : 
wildness. 2. Coai-seness of manners ; incivility"; rustic- 
ity ; vulgarity. 3. Ignorance ; unskillfulness. 4. Art- 
lessness ;" coarseness ; inelegance. 5. Violence ; impet- 
uosity. 6. Violence ; storminess. 

RtJ'DEN-TURE, n. [Fr.] In architecture, the figure of a 
rope or staff, plain or carved, with which the flutings of 
columns are sometimes filled. 

[RU'DE-RA-RY, a. [Low L. niderariv^,] Belonging to 
rubbish. Diet. 

t RU-DE-Ra'TION, n. [L. nideratio.] The act of paving 
with pebbles or little stones. Bailey. 

RuDES'BY, n. An uncivil, turbulent fellow. Shak. 

RU'DI-MENT, 71. [Fr.; L. rudimentum.] 1. A first pnnci 
pie or element ; that which is to be first learnt. 2. The 
original of any thing in its first form. 

RU'DI-MENT, 'v. t. To furnish with first principles or .Tiles ; 
to ground ; to settle in first principles. 

RU-DI-MENT AL, a. Initial ; pertaining to rudunents, or 
consisting in first principles. 



* See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BTJLL, UNITE — G aa K ; C as J ] S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in t/w*. t Obsolete 



RUG 



714 



RUM 



&0E, (ru) V. t. [Sax. reowian, hreowian; W.rkuaWfrhuadu; 
D. rouwen ; G. reueii.] To lament ; to regret ; lo grieve 
for. 

fRuE, V. i. To have compassion. Chaucer. 

jRuE, M. Sorrow; repentance. Shak. 

Rue, (ru) n, [Sax. rude; Dan. rude; L., It. ruta ; Sp. 
ruda; Fr-rwe.] Aplantof the genus ritte, of several species. 

RUE'FJJL, (ru'ful) a. [rue and /uZZ.] 1. Woful ; mourn- 
fal ; sorrowful ; to be lamented. 2. Expressing sorrow 

RUE'FUL-LY, adv. Mournfully ; sorrowfully. More. 

RuE'FJJL-NESS, n. Sorrowfulness ; mournfulness. 

RuETNG, n. Lamentation. Smith. 

jRLT-EijLE', (ru-el') n. [Fr.] A circle; a private circle or 
assembly at a private house. Dryden. 

RU-FES'CEiVT, a. [L. rufesco.} Reddish; tinged with 
red. 

RUFF, n. [Arm. rouffenn.] 1. A piece of plated linen worn 
by females around the neck. 2. Something puckered or 
plaited. 3. A small fish, a species of per ca. 4. A bird 
of the genus trmga, with a tuft of feathers around the 
neck of the male, whence the namt. 5. [Sax. hreof.] A 
state of roughness ; [obs.] 6. Pride ; elevation. 7. A 
particular species of pigeon. 8. [D. troef, troeven.'] At 
cards, the act of winning the trick by trumping the cards 
of another suit. 

RUFF, V. t. 1. To rufle ; to disorder. 2. [D. troeven.] To 
trump any other suit of cards at whist. 

*RUF'FIAN, n. [It. ruffiano ; Sp. rujian ; Port, rufiam ; D. 
roffiaan-l A boisterous, brutal fellow ; a fellow ready for 
any desperate crime ; a robber ; a cut-throat ; a murderer. 
Addison. 

* RUF'FIAN, a. Brutal ; savagely boisterous. Pope. 

* RUF'FIAN, V. i. To play the ruffian ; to rage ; to raise tu- 

mult. Shak. 

* RUF'FIAN-LllCE, a. Like a ruffian ; bold in crimes ; vio- 
lent; licentious. Fulke. 

RUF'FLE, V. t. [Belgic, ruyffelen.] 1. Properly, to wrin- 
kle ; to draw or contract into wrinkles, open plaits or 
folds. 2. To disorder by disturbing a smooth surface ; to 
make uneven by agitation. 3. To discompose by disturb- 
ing a calm state of; to agitate ; to disturb. It expresses 
less than /ret and vex. 4. To throw into disorder or con- 
fusion. 5. To throw together in a disorderly manner. 6. 
To furnish with ruffles. 

RUF'FLE, V. i. 1. To g-ow rough or turbulent. 2. To play 
loosely ; to flutter. 3. To be rough ; to jar ; to be in con- 
tention ; [obs.] 

RUF'FLE, 11. 1. A strip of plaited cambric, or other fine 
cloth, attached to some border of a garment, as to the 
wristband or hosom. 2. Disturbance ; agitation ; commo- 
tion. 

RUF'FLE, ) n. A particular beat or roll of the drum, used 

RUFF, \ on certain occasions in military affairs, as a 
mark of respect. 

^UFa-'LE, I ^_ ^_ -p^j ^g^^ j}^^ j.^fj.Qj. ^Qji Qf ^jjg jjj.^j^_ 

itur J , ) 

RUF'FLED, pp. Disturbed ; agitated ; furnished with ruf- 
fles. 

t RUF'FLER, n. A bully ; a swaggerer. 

RUF'FLING, ppr. Disturbing ; agitating ; furnishing with 
ruffles. 

RUF'FLING, n. Commotion; disturbance; agitation. 

RUF'FING^' ! PP^- Beating a roll of the drum. 

RUF'FLING, I n. A particular beat or roll of the drum, 

RUF'FING, \ used on certain occasions as a mark of re- 
spect. 

RtJ'FOUS, a. [Li.rufas; Sp.rufo.] Reddish; of a reddish 
color, or rather of a yellowish red. 

RUF'TER-HOOD, n. In falconry, a hood to be worn by a 
hawkwhen'she is first drawn. Bailey. 

RUG, 71. [D. ruig ; G. rauch; Sw. rugg ; Dan. rug.] 1. 
A coarse, nappy, woolen cloth used for a bed-cover, and, 
in modern times particularly, for covering the carpet be- 
fore a fire-place. 2. A rough, woolly or shaggy dog. 

RUG'GED, a. [from the root of ruo-, rough, which see.] 1. 
Rough ; full of asperities on the surface ^ broken into 
sharp or irregular points or crags, or otherwise uneven. 
2. Uneven ; not neat or regular. 3. Rough in temper ; 
harsh ; hard ; crabbed ; austere. 4. Stormy ; turbulent ; 
tempestuous. 5. Rough to the ear ; harsh ; grating. 6. 
Soui ; surly ; frowning ; wrinkled. 7. Violent ; rude ; 
boisterous. 8. Rough ; shaggy.— 9. In botany, scabrous ; 
rough with tubercles or stiff points. 

RUG'GED-LY, adv. In a rough or rugged manner. 

RUG'GED-NESS, n. 1. The quality or state of being rug- 
ged ; roughness ; asperity of surface. 2. Roughness of 
temper ; harshness ; surliness. 3. Coarseness ; rudeness 
of manners. 4. Storminess ; boisterousness. 

RUG'-GOWNED, a. Wearing a coarse gown or rug. 

t RUG'IN, 71. A nappy cloth. Wiseman. 

RO'GINE, 71. [Fr.l A surgeon's rasp. Sharp. 

RtJ'GOSE, or RtJ'GOUS, a. [li.rugosus.] Wrinkled ^ full 
of wrinkles. Wiseman.— 'i. In botany, a rugose leaf is 



wlien the veins are more contracted than the disk, so that 
the latter rises into little inequalities, as in sage, primrose, 
cowslip, &c. 

RU-GOS'I-TY, n. A state of being wrinkled. [Little used.] 
Smith. 

RU'IN, 71. [Fr. rwine; L., Sp. 7-uma; It. rwiTia.] 1. Destruc- 
tion ; fall ; overthrow ; defeat ; that change of any thing 
which destroys it, or entirely defeats its object, or unfits it 
for use. 2. Mischief; bane; that which destroys.— 3. 
P^uin, more generally ruins, the remains of a decayed or 
demolished city, house, fortress, or any work of art or 
other thing; as, the ruins of Palmyra. 4. The decayed 
or enfeebled remains of a natural object. 5. The cause 
of destruction. 

Ru'IN, V. t. [Fr. miner.] 1. To demolish ; to pull down, 
burn, or otherwise destroy. 2. To subvert ; to destroy 
3. To destroy ; to bring to an end. 4. To destroy in any 
manner. 5. To counteract ; to defeat. 6. To deprive of 
felicity or fortune. 7. To impoverish. 8. To bring to 
everlasting misery. 

Ru'IN, V. i. 1. To fall into ruins. 2. To run to ruin ; to 
fall into decay or be dilapidated. 3. To be reduced ; to be 
brought to poverty or misery. 

t Ru'IN- ATE, V. t. To demolish ; to subvert ; to destroy ; to 
reduce to poverty. 

(■ RU-IN-A'TION, n. Subversion ; overthiow ; demolition, 

Ru'INED, pp. Demolished; destroyed; subverted ; reduc- 
ed to poverty ; undone. 

RU'IN-ER, n. One that ruins or destroys. Chapman. 

RU'IN-I-FORM, a. [L. ruina, and form.] Having the ap- 
pearance of ruins, or the ruins of houses. 

RU'IN-ING, ppr. Demolishing ; subverting ; destroying ; 
reducing to poverty ; bringing to endless misery. 

RU'IN-OUS, a. [L. ruinosu^ ; Fr. ruineux.] 1. Fallen to 
ruin ; entirely decayed ; demolished ; dilapidated. 2. 
Destructive ; baneful ; pernicious ; bringing or tending to 
bring certain ruin. 3. Composed of ruins ; consisting in 
ruins. 

RU'IN-OUS-LY, adv. In a ruinous manner ; destructively 

RU'IN-OUS-NESS, 71. A ruinous state or quality, 

RULE, n. [W. rheol ,• Arm. real; Sax. regol, reogol ; Sw., 
Dan., G., D. regel; Fr. regie.] 1. Government; sway ; 
empire ; control ; supreme command or authority. 2. 
That which is established as a principle, standard or direc- 
tory ; that by which any thing is to be adjusted or regu- 
lated, or to which it is to be conformed. 3. An instru- 
ment by which lines are drawn. 4. Established mode or 
C()urse of proceeding prescribed in private life. — 5. In lit- 
erature, a maxim, canon or precept to be observed in any 
art or science. — 6. In monasteries, corporations or societies, 
a law or regulation to be observed by the society and its 
particular members. — 7. In courts, rules are the determi- 
nations and orders of court, to be observed by its officers 
in conducting the business of the court. — 8. In arithmetic 
and algebra, a determinate mode prescribed for perform- 
ing any operation and producing a certain result. — 9. In 
grammar, an established form of construction in a partic- 
ular class of words ; or the expression of that form in 
words. 

RULE, V. t. 1. To govern ; to control the will and actions 
of others, either by arbitrary power and authority, or by 
established laws. 2. To govern the movements of things 
to conduct; to manage ; to control. 3. To manage; to 
conduct, in almost any manner. 4. To settle as by a rule 
5. To mark with lines by a ruler. 6. To estabhsh by de 
cree or decision ; to determine, as a court. 

RULE, V. i. To have power or command ; to exercise su- 
preme authority. Ray. 

Ruled,;;;). Governed; controlled ; conducted ; managed, 
established by decision. 

RuL'ER, n. 1. One that governs, whether emperor, king, 
pope or governor ; any one that exercises supreme power 
over others. 2. One that makes or executes laws in a 
limited or free government. 3. A rule ; an instrument 
of wood or metal with straight edges or sides, by which 
lines are drawn on paper, parchment or other substance. 

RuL'ING, ppr. 1. Governing ; controlling the will and ac 
tions of intelligent beings, or the movements of othei 
physical bodies. 2. Marking by a ruler. 3. Deciding ; 
determining. 4. a. Predominant; chief; controlling. 

fRuL'Y, a, [from j-M^e.] Orderly; easily restrained. 

RUM, n. 1. Spirit distilled from cane-juice, or the scum- 
mings of the juice from the boiling-house, or from the trea- 
cle or molasses which drains from sugar, or from dunder, 
the lees of former distillations. 2. A low, cant word for 
a country parson. Swift. 

fRUM, a. Old-fashioned ; queer. 

RUM'BLE, v. i. [D.rommelen; G.rummeln; Ban. rumler.] 
To make a low, heavy, continued sound. 

RUM'BLER, 71. The person or thing that rumbles. 

RUM'BLING, ppr. Making a low, heavy, continued sound 

RUM'BLING, 71. A low, heavy, continued sound. Jer. 
xlvii. 

RUM'BUD, 71. A grog-blossom. Rush. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, T. O, V, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— t Obsolete. 



RUN 



'15 



RUN 



RC'MI-NANT, a. [Fi ; L. rumino.'] Chewing the cud j 
having the property of chewing again what has been 
swallowed. Raxj. 

Ru 311-NAjNT, iu An animal that chews the cud. Ray. 

KU'MI-NATE, V. i. [Fr. ruminer ; L. rumino.] 1. To chew 
the cud ; to chew again wliat has been slightly chewed 
and swallowed, 2. To muse 3 to meditate ; to think again 
and again ; to ponder. 

RU'Mi-.VATE, V t. 1. To chew over again. 2. To muse 
on ; to meditate over and over again. Vryden. 

Ku'MI-NA-TED, ^;j. Chewed again j mused on. 

RU'MI-NA-TING, ppr. Chewing the cud ; musing. 

RU-MI-Na'TION, II. [L. ru>ni?iatio.] 1. The act of chewing 
the cud. 2. T!ie power or property of chewing the cud. 
3. A musing or continued thinking on a subject} deliber- 
ate meditation or reflection. 

Ru'MI-NA-TOR, n. One that ruminates or muses on any 
subject ; one that pauses to deliberate and consider. 

RUMMAGE, n. A searching carefully by looking into 
every corner and by tumbling over things. 

RUM MAGE, V. t. [qu. li. riuior, or Fr. remuer.] To search 
narrowly by looking into every corner and turning over or 
removing goods or other things. Drydcn. 

RUM MAGE, V. i. To search a place narrowly by looking 
among things. Sidft. 

RUM MAGEU, pp. Searched in every corner. 

RUM'MA-GING, ppr. Searching in every corner. 

fRUM'MER, n. [D. roemer.] A glass or drinking cup. 

Ru'MOR, n. [L.J 1. Flying or popular report; a current 
story passing from one person to another, without any 
known authority for the truth of it. 2. Report of a 
fact ; a story well authorized. 3. Fame 3 reported celeb- 
rity. 

Ru MOR, V. t. To report ; to tell or circulate a report. 

RU'MORED, pp. Told among the people ; reported. 

Ru'MOR-ER, 71. A reporter; a teller of news. Shak. 

RU'MOR-ING, ppr. Reporting ; teUing news. 

fRuMOR-OUS, a. Famous; notorious. Bale. 

RUMP, n. [G. rumpf; Sw. rumpa ; Dan. rumpe, or rompe.] 

1. The end of the back bone of an anunal with the parts 
adjacent. 2. The buttocks. 

RUMP'ER, n. One who favored the rump-parliament; one 
who had been a member of it. 

RUM'PLE, I', t. [D. roinpelen.] To wrinkle ; to make un- 
even ; to form into irregular inequalities. 

RUM PLE, n. A fold or plait. Drydcn. 

RUM'PLE D, pp. Formed into irregular wrinkles or folds. 

RUMP'LESS, a. Destitute of a tail. Lawrence. 

RUM PLING, ppr. Making uneven. 

RUN, V. i. ; pret. ran, 01 run ; pp. run. [Sax. rennan ; Goth. 
rinnan ; D. rennen ; G. rennai, rinnen.] 1. To move or 
pass in almost any manner, as on the feet or on wheels. 

2. To move or pass on the feet with celerity or rapidity, 
by leaps, or long, quick steps. 3. To use the legs in mov- 
ing; to step. 4. To move in a hurry. 5. To proceed 
along the surface ; to extend ; to spread. 6. To rush 
with violence. 7. To move or pass on the water ; to sail. 
8. To contend in a race. 9. To flee for escape. 10. To 
depart privately ; to steal away. 11. To flow in any man- 
ner, slowly or rapidly ; to move or pass ; as a fluid. 12. 
To emit ; to let flow. 13. To be liquid or fluid. 14. To 
be fusible; to melt. 15. To fuse ; to melt. 16. To turn. 
17. To pass ; to proceed. 18. To flow, as words, lan- 
guage or periods. 19. To pass, as time. 20. To have a 
legal course ; to be attached to ; to have legal effect. 21 . 
To have a course or direction. 22. To pass in thought, 
speech or practice. 23. To be mentioned cursorily or in 
few words. 24. To have a continued tenor or course. 
25. To be in motion ; to speak incessantly. 26. To be 
busied ; to dwell. 27. To be popularly known. 28. To 
be received ; to have reception, success or continuance. 
29. To proceed in succession. 30. To pass from one state 
or condition to another. 31. To proceed in a train of con- 
duct. 32. To be in force. 33. To be generally received. 
34. To be carried ; to extend ; to rise. 35. To have a 
track or course. 36. To extend ; to lie in continued 
length. 37. To have a certain direction. 38. To pass in 
an oibit of any figure. 39. To tend in growth or progress. 
40. To grow exuberantly. 41. To discharge pus or other 
matter. 42. To reach; to extend to the remembrance 
of. 43. To continue in time, before it becomes due and 
payable. 44. To continue in effiect, force or operation. 
45. To press with numerous demands of payment. 46. 
To pdss or fall into fault, vice or misfortune. 47. To foil 
or pass by gradual changes ; to make a transition. 48. To 
have a general tendency. 49. To proceed as on a ground 
or principle ; [obs.] 50. To pass or proceed in conduct or 
management. 51. To creep; to move by creeping or 
crawlmg. 52. To slide. .53. To dart ; to shoot. 54. To 
fly ; to move in the air. — 55. In Scripture, to pursue or 
practice the duties of religion. — 56. In elections, to have 
interest or favor ; to be supported by votes. 

To run after. 1. To pursue or follow. 2. To search for ; to 
endeavor to find or obtain. — To run at, to attack with the 



horns, as a bull.— To run away, to flee; to escape.— To 
run away icith. 1. To hurry without deliberation. 2. To 
convey away ; or to assist in escape or elopement. — To 
run in, to enter; to step in.— To run into, to enter.— To 
run in trust, to run in debt ; to get credit ; [obs.]— To run 
in with. 1. To close ; to comply ; to agree with ; [unusual.'l 
2. To make towards; to near; to sail close to. — To run 
down a coast, to sail along it. — To run on. 1. To be con- 
tinued. 2. To talk incessantly. 3. To continue a course 

4. To press with jokes or ridicule ; to abuse with sarcasms j 
to bear hard on. — To run over, to overflow. — To run out. 

1. To come to an end ; to expire. 2. To spread exuber- 
antly. 3. To expatiate. 4. To be wasted or exhausted 

5. To become poor by extravagance. — To run up,' to rise , 
to swell ; to amount. 

RUN, V. t. 1. To drive or push ; in a general sense. 2. To 
drive ; to force. 3. To cause to be driven. 4. To melt ; 
to fuse. 5. To incur ; to encounter ; to run the risk or 
hazard of losing one's property. 6. To venture ; to haz- 
ard. 7. To smuggle ; to import or export without paying 
the duties required by law. 8. To pursue in thought ; to 
carry in contemplation. 9. To push; to thrust. 10. To 
ascertain and mark by metes and bounds. 11. To cause 
to ply ; to maintain in running or passing. 12. To cause 
to pass. 13. To found ; to shape, form or make in a 
mold ; to cast. 

To run down. 1. In hunting, to chase to weariness. — 2. In 
navigation, to run down a vessel, is to run against her, end 
on, and sink her. 3. To crush ; to overthrow ; to over- 
bear. — To run hard. 1. To press with jokes, sarcasm or 
ridicule. 2. To urge or press importunately. — To run 
over. 1. To r.ecount in a cursory manner ; to narrate hast- 
ily. 2. To consider cursorily. 3. To pass the eye over 
hastily. — To run out. 1. To thrust or push out ; to extend. 

2. To waste; to exhaust. — To rim through, to expend; 
to waste. — To run up. 1. To increase ; to enlarge by ad- 
ditions. 2. To thrust up, as any thing long and slender. 

RUN, 71. 1. The act of running. 2. Course ; motion. 3. 
Flow. 4. Course ; process ; continued series. 5. Way ; 
will ; uncontrolled course. 6. General reception ; con- 
tinued success. 7. Modish or popular clamor. 8. A gen- 
eral or uncommon pressure on a bank or treasury for pay- 
ment of its notes. 9. The aftmost part of a ship's bottom. 
10. The distance sailed by a ship. 11. A voyage ; also, 
an agreement among sailors to work a passage from one 
place to another. 12. A pair of mill-stones. 13. Preva- 
lence. — 14. In America, a small stream ; a brook. — In the 
long run [at the long run not so generally used] signi- 
fies the whole process or course of things taken together ; 
in the final result ; in the conclusion or end. — The run of 
mankind, the generality of people. 

RUN'A-GATE, 71. [Fr. runagat.] A fugitive ; an apostate ; 
a rebel ; a vagabond. Sidney. 

RL'^N'A-WAY, 71. [run and away.] One that flies from dan- 
ger or restraint ; one that deserts lawful service ; a fugi- 
tive. Shak. 

t RUN-€a'TION, 71. [L. runcatio.] A weeding. Evelyn. 

RUN'CI-NATE, a. [L. runcina, a saw.] In botany, a run- 
cinate leaf is a sort of pinnatifid leaf, with the lobr^s con- 
vex before and straight behind, like the teeth of a double 
saw, as in the dandelion. 

RUN'DLE, 71. [from round, G. rund.] 1. A round ; a step of 
a ladder. Duppa. 2. Something put round an axis ; a 
peritrochium. 

RUND'LET, or RUN'LET, a. [fromround.] A small barrel 
of no certain dimensions. 

RuNE, 71. [See Runic] The Runic letter or character. 
Temple. 

Ru'NER, 7!, A bard or learned man among the ancient 
Goths. [See Runic] Temple. 

Ru NES, 71. piu. Gothic poetry or rhymes. Temple. 

RUNG, pret, and pp. of ring. 

RUNGJ 71. A floor-timber in a ship, whence the end is called 
a rung-head. Mar. Diet. 

Ru'NIC, a. [W. rhin ; Ir. run ; Goth, riina ; Sax. run,] An 
epithet applied to the language and letters of the ancient 
Goths. 

fRUN^NEL, 72. A rivulet or small brook. Fairfax. 

RUN'NER, n. 1. One that runs; that which runs. 2. A 
racer. 3. A messenger. 4. A shooting sprig. 5. One of 
the stones of a mill. 6. A bird. 7. A rope used to increase 
the power of a tackle. 8. A support of a sleigh or sled. 

RUN'NET, 7i. [D. runzel ; G. rumen ; fc»ax. geruimcu. It is 
sometimes written rennet.] The concreted milk found m 
the stomachs of calves or other sucking quadrupeds. 

RUN'NING, ppr. I. Moving or going with rapidity ; flow- 
ing. 2. a. Kept for the race. Law. 3. In succession ; 
without any intervening day, year, &c. 4. Discharging 
pus or other matter. 

RUN'NING, 7). 1. The act of running, or passing with speed. 
2. That which runs or flows. 3. The discharge of an ul- 
cer or other sore. 

RUN'NING-FlGHT, 72. A battle in which one party flees and 
the other pursues, but the party fleeing keeps up the contest. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z } CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



RUS 



71(J 



RYO 



fiUN'NING-RIG'GING, n. That part of a ship's rigging or 
ropes which passes tlirough blocks, &c. 

RUN'NIJN'G-Tl'TLE, n. In prmiing, the title of a book that 
is continued from page to page on the upper margin. 

ELTNN'ION, n. [Fr. romier.) A paltry, scurvy wretch. 

EUNT, n. [D. rund.] Any animal small below the natural 
or usual size of the species. 

RU-PEE', n. [Pers.] A silver coin of the East Indies, of the 
value of 2s. 4d. or 2s. 6d. sterling ; about 52 or 56 cents. 

RUP'TION, n. [L. ruptio.] Breach ; a break or bursting 
open. fVueman, 

RUPT'UREj.n. [Fr. ; L. ruptus.] 1. The act of breaking or 
bursting; the state of being broken or violently parted. 
2. Hernia ; a prete,.Tiatural protrusion of the contents of 
the abdomen. 3. Breach of peace or concord, either be- 
tween individuals or nations , between nations, open 
hostility or war. 

RUPT'URE, V. t. To break ; to burst ; to part by violence. 

RUPTURE, V. i. To suifer a breach or disruption. 

RUPT'URED,;^;?. Broken; burst. 

RUPT'URE-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus hcrniaria, and 
another of the genus linum. 

RVPT'VR-llSiG, ppr. Breaking; bursting. 

RU'RAL, a. [Fr. ; L. ruralis.] Pertaining to the country, 
as distinguished from a city or town ; suiting the country, 
or resembling it. Sidneij. 

RU'RAL-IST, n. One that leads a rural life. Coventry. 

RO'RAL-LY, adv. As in the country. Wakefield. 

RC'RAL-NESS, n. The quality of being rural. Dkt. 

fRU-Rie'O-LIST, n. [L. ruricola.] An inhabitant of the 
country. Diet. 

tRU-RIG'EN-OUS, a. [L. rus.] Born in the country. 

RUSE, n. [Fr.] Artifice ; trick ; stratagem ; wile ; fraud ; 
deceit. [JSTot English.'] Ray. 

RUSH, 71. [Sax. rics, or rise ; L. ruscus.'] I. A plant of the 
genusj«wou6-, of many species. 2. Any thing proverbially 
worthless or of trivial value. 

RUSH, V. i. [Sax. reosan, hreosan, or rmsan ; Sw. rusa ; G. 
rausehen ; "D. ruisehen.] 1. To move or drive forward witli 
impetuosity, violence and tumultuous rapidity. 2. To 
enter with undue eagerness, or without due deliberation 
and preparation. 

■f RUSH, V. t. To push forward with violence. 

RUSH, n. A driving forward with eagerness and haste ; a 
violent motion or course. 

RUSH'-€AN-DLE, n. A small blinking taper made by 
stripping a rush, except one smaU strip of the hark which 
holds the pith together, and dipping it in tallow. John- 
son. 

RUSHED, a. Abounding with rushes. iVarton. 

RUSH'ER, n. 1. One who ruslies forward. V/hitlock. 2. 
One who formerly strewed rushes on the floor at dances. 

RUSHI-NESS, n. The state of abounding with rushes. 

RUSH'ING, jppr. Moving forward with impetuosity. 

RUSH'ING, 71. A violent driving of any thing ; rapid or tu- 
multuous course. Is. xvii. 

RUSH'-LlGHT, n. 1. The light of a rush-candle; a small, 
feeble light. 2. A rush-candle. 

RUSH'-LiKE, a. Resembling a rush ; weak. 

RUSH'Y, a. 1. Abounding with rushes, 2. Made of rushes. 

RUSK,?;.. 1. A kind of light cake. 2. Hard bread for stores. 

RUS'MA, n. A brown and light iron substance, with half 
as much quicklime steeped in water, of which the Turkish 
women make their psilothron to take oif their hair. 

RUSS, (roos) a. [Sw. ryss.} Pertaining to the Russ or Rus- 
sians. 

RUSS, (roos) n. The language of the Russ or Russians. 

RUS'SET, a. [Fr. rouz, rousse ; It. rosso ; Sp. roso, roxo ; 
L. riissus.] ]. Of a reddish-brown color. 2. Coarse; 
homespun ; rustic. 

RUS'SET, n. A country dress. Dryden. 

RUS'SET, ; 71. A kind of apple of a russet color and 

RUS'SET-ING, \ rough skin. 

RUS'SET-Y, a, Of a russet color. 

RuS'SIAN, (ru'shan) a. Pertaining to Russia. 

RUS'SIAN, (ru'shan) n. A native of Russia. 

RUST, 71. [Sax. rust ; D. roest ; G., Sw. rest ; Dan. rust.] 
1. The oxyd of a metal ; a substance composed of oxygen 
combined with a metal, and forming a rough coat on its 

' riurface. 2. Loss of power by inactivity, as metals lose 
ilieir brightness and smoothness when not used. 3. Any 
foul matter contracted. 4. Foul, extraneous matter. 5. 
A disease in grain, a kind of dust which gathers on the 
stalks and leaves. 



RUST', V. i. [Sax. rustian ; W. rhyduA I. To contract 
rust ; to be oxydized and contract a rougnness on the sur- 
face. 2. To degenerate in idleness; to become dull by 
inaction. 3. To gather dust or extraneous matter. 

RUST, V. t. 1. To cause to contract rust. 2. To impair by 
time and inactivity. 

RUST'ED, pp. Affected with rust. 

RUST'ie, ) a. [L. rustieus.] 1. Pertaining to the coun 

RUST'I-€ AL, i try ; rural. 2. Rude ; unpolished ; rough , 
awkward. 3. Coarse ; plain ; simple. 4. Simple ; art- 
less ; unadorned. — Rustic work, in a building, is when the 
stones, &c. in the face of it, are hacked or pecked so as to 
be rough. 

RUST'I€, n. An inhabitant of the country ; a clown. 

RUST'I-€AL-LY, adv. Rudely ; coarsely ; without refine- 
ment or elegance. Dryden. 

RUST'1-€AL-NESS, n. The quality of being rustical ; rude 
ness ; coarseness ; want of refinement. 

RUST'I-€ATE, v. i. [L. rusticor.] To dwell or reside in the 
country. Pope. 

RUST'^-CATE, V. t. To compel to reside in the country ^ 
to banish from a town or college for a time. 

RUST'I-CA-TED, pp. Compelled to reside in the country. 

RUST'I-CA-TING, ppr. Compelling to reside in the coun- 
try. 

RUST-I-€a'TION, n. 1. Residence in the country.— 2. In 
universities and colleges, the punishment of a student for 
some offense, by compelling him to leave the institution 
and reside for a time in the countrJ^ 

RUS-TIC'I-TY, n. [L. rusticitas ; Fr. rusticite.] The quail 
ties of a countryman ; rustic manners ; rudeness ; coarse- 
ness ; simplicity ; artlessness. Jiddison. 

RUST'[-LY, adv. In a rusty state. Sidney. 

RUST'I-NESS, n. [from rusty.] The state of being rusty 

RUST'ING, ;)pr. Contracting rust ; causing to rust. 

RUS'TLE, (rus'l) v. i. [Sax. hristlan^ G. rasscln ; Sw 
rossla.] To make a quick succession of small sounds, like 
the rubbing of silk cloth or dry leaves. 

RUS'TLING, ppr. Making the sound of silk cloth when 
rubbed. 

RUS'TLING, n. A quick succession of small sounds, as a 
brushing among dry leaves or straw. 

RUST'Y, a. 1. Covered or aflfected with rust. 2. Dull, 
impaired by inaction or neglect of use. 3. Surly ; mo 
rose. 4. Covered with foul or extraneous matter. 

RUT, 71. [Fr. rut ; Arm. rut.] The copulation of deer. 

RUT, V. i. To lust, as deer. 

RUT, 72. [It. rotaia; L. rota.] The track of a wheel. 

RtJ'TA Ba'GA, 71. The Swedish turnep. 

f RuTH, 71. [fromrwe.] I.Mercy; pity; tenderness; sorrow 
for the misery of another. 2. Misery; sorrow. 

RUTH'E-NUS, n. A fish of the genus accipenser. 

t RtJTH'FUL, a. 1. Rueful ; woful ; sorrowful. 2. Merci- 
ful. 

t RuTH'FUL-LY, adv. 1. Woful ly ; sadly. Knolles. 2 
Sorrowfully ; mournfully. Spenser. 

RuTH'LESS, a. Cruel ; pitiless ; barbarous ; insensible to 
the miseries of others. Pope. 

RtiTH'LESS-LY, adu. Without pity; cruelly; barbarously 

RuTH'LESS-NESS, n. Want of compassion ; insensibihty 
to the distresses of others. 

Ru'TIL, ) n. Sphene, an oxyd of titanium, of a dark-red 

RtJ'TILE, \ color, or of a light or brownish-red. 

RtJ'TI-LANT, a. [L. rutilans, rutilo.] Shining. Evelyn. 

t RU'TI-LATE, u. z. [li. rutilo.] To shine ; to emit rays of 
light. Ure. 

fRUT'TER, n. [G. reiter ; D. ruiter.] A horseman or 
trooper. 

fRUT'TER-KIN, n. A word of contempt; an old, crafty 
fox or beguiler. 

fRUT'TIER, 71. [Fi. routier, from route.] Directioaof the 
road or course at sea ; an old traveler acquainted with 
roads ; an old soldier. Cotgrave. 

RUT'TISH, a. [from rut.] Lustful ; libidinous. Shak 

RUT'TLE, for rattle, not much used. Burnet. 

RY'AL, n. A coin. See Rial. 

R1?'DER, 71. A clause added to a bill in parliament. 

R1?E, n. ^ [Sax. ryge ; D. rogge ; G. rocken ; Dan. roo-, or rug , 
Sw. rag, or rog ; W. rhyg.] 1. An esculent grain of the 
genus secale, of a quality inferior to wheat. 2. A disease 
in a hawk. 

RYE'-GRASS, n. A species of strong grass, of the genus 
hordeum. Encyc. 

R^'OT, 71. In Hindostan, a renter of land by a lease. 



* See &vnovsis. A, E, I, o, V, Y, long.—FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. 



SAC 



717 



SAC 



s. 



Sthe nineteenth letter of the English Alphabet, is a 
J sibilant articulation, and number'^d among the semi- 
vowels. It represents the hissing made by driving the 
breath between the end of the tongue and the roof of the 
mouth, just above the upper teeth. It has two uses j one 
to express a mere hissing, as in sabbath, sack, sin, this, 
tlius ; the other a vocal hissing, precisely lilie that of z, as 
in muse, icise, pronounced muze, wize. It generally has 
its hissing sound at the beginning of all proper English 
words, but in the middle and end of words, its sound is 
to be Isnown only by usage. In a few words, it is silent, 
as in isle and viscount. 

As ^numeral, S. denoted seven. — In books of navigation and 
in common usage, S. stands for south ; S. E. for south- 
east; S. W. for south-west; S. S. E. for south south- 
east ; S. S. W. for south south-west, <fcc. 

* SAB'A-OTH, n. [Heb. DINas armies.] Armies ; a woid 
used, Rom. ix. 29, James v. 4, " the Lord of Sabaoth.^' 

SAB-BA-Ta'RI-AN, 71. [from sabbath.] One who observes 
the seventh day of the week as the sabbath, instead of the 
first. A sect of Baptists are called Sabbatarians. 

SAB-BA-Ta'RI-AINI, a. Pertaining to those who keep Satur- 
day, or the seventh day of the week, as the sabbath. 
Mountagu. 

SAB-BA-Ta'R1-AN-IsM, n. The tenets of Sabbatarians. 

SAB'BATH, n. [Heb. DaB' rest; L. sabbatum.] 1. The day 
which God appointed to be observed by the Jews as a day 
of rest from all secular labor or employments, and to be 
kept holy and consecrated to his service and worship. 2. 
Intermission of pain or sorrow ; time of rest. 3. The 
Sabbatical year among the Israelites. Lev. xxv. 

SAB'BATH-BREaK-ER, n. [Sabbath and break.] One who 
profanes the Sabbath by violating the laws of God or man, 
which enjoin the religious observance of that day. 

SAB'BATH-BREaK-ING, n. A piofanation of tlie sabbath 
by violating the injunction of the fourth commandment, 
or the municipal laws of a state which require the ob- 
servance of that day as holy time. 

SAB'BATH-LESS, a. Without intermission of labor. 
Bacon. 

SAB-BAT'I€, ) a. [Ft. sabbatique ; L. sabbaticus.] 1. 

SAB-BAT'I-CAL, S Pertaining to the Sabbath. 2. Re- 
sembling the Sabbath ; enjoying or bringing an intermis- 
sion of labor. — Sabbatical year, in the Jewish economy, 
was every seventh year, in which the Israelites were com- 
manded to suffer their fields and vineyards to rest, or lie 
without tillage. 

SAB'BA-TISM, n. Rest ; intermission of labor. 

SABEAN, See Sabian. 

SA'BE-ISM, n. The same as Sabianism. D^Anville. 

SA-BELL'IAN, a. Pertaining to the heresy of Sabellius. 

SA-BELL'IAN, n. A follower of Sabellius. Encyc. 

SA-BELL'IAN-ISM, n. The doctrines or tenets of Sabellius. 
Barrow. 

Sa'BI-AN, ) a. Pertaining to Saba, in Arabia, celebrated 

SA-Be'AN, \ for producing aromatic plants. 

SA'BI-AN, a. [Heb. N3:f.] The Sabian worship or religion 
consisted in the worship of the sun and other heavenly 
bodies. 

Sa'BI-AN, 71. A worshiper of the sun. 

Sa'BI-AN-ISM, n. That species of idolatry which consisted 
in worshiping the sun, moon and stars. 

SAB'INE, n. A plant ; usually written savin, which see. 

Sa'BLE, 71. [Russ. sobol ; G. zobel ; Sw., Dan., D. sab el ; 
Fr. zibeline.] 1. A small animal of the weasel kind, the 
mastela zibellina. 2. The fur of the sable. 

Sa'BLE, a. [Fr.] Black; dark; used chiefly in poetry or 
in heraldry. 

SAB'LIkRE, (sab'leer) 7i. [Fr.] 1. A sand-pit ; [little used.] 
2. In carpentry, a piece of timber as long, but not so thick 
as a_beam. 

SA-BoT', (sa-bo') n. [Fr. sabot ; Sp. zapato.] A wooden 
shoe. [JVot English.] Bramhall. 

Sa'BRE, ) n. [Fr. sabre] A sword or cimiter with a broad 

Sa'BER, \ and heavy blade, thick at the back, and a lit- 
tle falcated or hooked at the point; a falchion 

Sa'BRE, v. t. To strike, cut or kill with a sabre. 

SAB-U-LOS'I-TY, n. Sandiness ; grittiness. 

SAB'U-LOUS, a. [It. sabuLosus.] Sandy; gritty. 

SAC, n. [Sax. sac, saca, sace, or s icu.] In English law, the 
privilege enjoyed by the lord of a manor, of holding 
courts, trying causes and imposing fines. 

SA€-€aDE', n. [Fr.] A sudden violent check of a horse 



by drawing or twitching the reins on a sudden and with 
one pull. 

SA€-€HA-RIF'ER-0US, a. [L. saccharum.] Producing 
sugar. ^ 

SA€'eHAR-INE, a. [L. saccharum.] Pertaining to sugar ; 
having the iiualities of eugar. 

SA€-€HO-LA€'Tie, a. [1j. saccharum.] Aterminchemis 
try, denoting an acid obtained from the sugar of milk 

SA€'€HO-LATE, n. In chemistry, a salt formed by the 
union of the saccholactic acid with a base. 

SAC-ER-Do'TAL, a. [L. sacerdotalis.] Pertaining to 
priests or the priesthood ; priestly. Stillingjieet. 

SACH'EL, n. [L. sacculus.] A small sack or bag ; a bag in 
which lawyers and children carry papers and books. 

Sa'CHEM, n. In America, a chief among some of the na- 
tive Indian tribes. See Sagamore. 

SACK, 71. [Sax. scBC, sacc j D. zak, sek ; G. sack; Jr. S2C } 
Arm. sach ; Fr. sac] J. A bag, usually a large cloth bag, 
used for holding ana conveying com, small wares, wool, 
cotton, hops, and the like. 2. The measure of three 
bushels. Johnson. 

SA€K, n. [Fr. sec, seche.] A species of sweet wine, 
brought chiefly from the Canary isles- Fr. Diet. 

SACK, n. [L. sagum.] Among cur rude ancestors, a kind 
of cloak of a square form, worn over the shoulders and 
body, and fastened in front by a clasp or thorn. 

SACK,'?;, t. To put in a sack or in bags. Betterton. 

SACK, V. t. [Arm. sacqa ; Ir. sacham; Sp., Port. saqucar,\ 
To plunder or pillage, as a town or city. 

SACK, V. The pillage or plunder of a town or city ; or the 
storm and plunder of a town. 

SACK'AGE, n. The act of taking by storm and pillaging. 

SACK'BUT, n. [Sp. sacabuche ; Port, sacabuxa, or saque- 
buxo ; Fr. saquebute.] A wind instrument of music; a 
kind of tnmipet, so contrived that it can be lengthened or 
shortened according to the tone required. 

SACK'CLOTH, 71. [sack and cloth.] Cloth of which sacks 
are made ; coarse cloth. 

SACK'CLoTHED, a. Clothed in sackcloth. Hall. 

SACKED, pp. Pillaged ; stormed and plundered. 

SACK'ER, n. One that takes a towD or plunders it. 

SACK'FUL, n. A full sack or bag. b'oift. 

SACK'ING, ppr. Taking by assault aiul plundering. 

SACK'ING, 71. The act of taking by storm and pillaging. 

SACK'ING, 71. [Sax. scBccing.] 1. Cloth ot which sacks or 
bags are made. 2. The coarse cloth or canvas fastened to 
a bedstead for supporting the bed. 

SACK'LESS, a. [Sax. sacleas.] duiet ; peaceable ; no! 
quarrelsome ; harmless ; innocent. [Local.] 

SACK-POS'SET, 71. [sack and posset.] A posset made of 
sack, milk and some other ingredients. Swift. 

SAC'RA-MENT, 71. [Fr. sacrement ; It., Sp. sacramento , 
L. sacramentum.] 1. Among ancient Christian writers, a 
mystery ; [obs.] 2. An oath ; a ceremony producing an 
obligation ; [obs.] 3. In present usage, a solemn religious 
ceremony enjoined by Christ to be observed by his fol- 
lowers. 4. The eucharist or Lord's supper. 

t SAC'RA-MENT, v. t. To bind by an oath. Laud. 

SAC-RA-MENT'AL, a. Constituting a sacrament, or per- 
taining to it. 

SAC-RA-MENT'AL, n. That which relates to a sacrament 

SAC-RA-MENT'AL-LY, adv. After the manner of a sac- 
rament. Hail. 

SAC-RA-MEN-Ta'RI-AN, n. One that differs from the 
Romish church in regard to the sacraments, or to the 
Lord's supper. 

SAC-RA-MENT'A-RY, 71. 1. An ancient book of the 
Romish church, containing the prayers and ceremonies 
made use of in the celebration of the sacraments. 2. A 
saciamentarian. 

SAC-RA-^MENT'A-RY, I a. Pertaining to sacramentari- 

SAC-R A-MEN-Ta'RI-AN, ] ans and to their controversy 
respecting the eucharist. 

f Sa'CRATE, v. t. [L. sacro.] To consecrate ; to dedicate, 
Waterhouse. 

Sa'CRE. See Saker. 

Sa'CRED, a. [¥t. sacre j Sp., It., Port, sacro; Ij. sac er.'\ 
1. Holy ; pertaining to God or to his worship; separated' 
from common secular uses and consecrated to God and his 
service. 2. Proceeding from God and containing religious 
precepts. 3. Narrating or writing facts respecting God 
and holy things. 4. Relating to religion or the worship 
of God ; used for religion's purposes. 5. Coiisecratea • 
dedicated; devoted; with io. 6. Entitled to reverence: 
venerable 7. Inviolable, ss if appropriated to a superior 
being. 



♦ See Synopsis MOVE, BOQK, Dd) VE ;— BULL. UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ^ S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, r Cbsolete 



SAD 



718 



SAG 



SA'€JRED-L^, adv. 1. Religiously; with due reverence as 
of something holy or consecrated to God. 2. Inviolably ; 
strictly. 

Sa'€RED-NESS, n. 1. The state of being sacred, or conse- 
crated to God, to his worship or to religious uses ; holi- 
ness ; sanctity. 2. Inviolableness. 

SA-eRlP'l€, ) a. FL. sacrificus.] Employed in sacri- 

SA-€RIF'I-€AL, \ fice. Johnson. 

tSA€RIF'I-€A-BLE, a. Capable of being offered in 
sacrifice. Brown. 

SA-t;RIF'I-€ANT, n. [L. sacrijicans.] One that offers a 
sacrifice. Hallywell. 

t SA€-RI-FI-€a'TOR, n. [Ft. sacrificateur.] A sacrificer; 
one that offers a sacrifice. Brown. 

SA-€RlF'I-eA-TO-RY, a. Offering sacrifice. Sherwood. 

SA€'RI-FJCE, (sak're-fize) v. t. [L. sacrifico ; Fr. sacrifier ; 
Sp. sacnfocar ; It. sacrificare.] 1. To ofter to God in hom- 
age or worship, by killing ana consuming, as victims on 
an -(.tar J to immolate. 2. To destroy, surrender or suffer 
to be lost for the sake of obtaining something 3. To de- 
vote with loss. 4. To destroy 5 to kill. 

SA€'RI-FlCE, (sak're-fIze) v. i. To make offerings to God 
by the slaughter and burning of victims. Ex. iii. 

SA€'RI-FICE, (sak're-fize) n. [Fr.3 L. sacrificium.] 1, An 
offering made to God by killing and burning some animal 
upon an altar. — A sacrifice differs from an oblation ; the 
latter being an offering of a thing entire or without 
change, as tithes or first fruits; whereas sacrifice implies 
a destruction or killing, as of a beast. 2. The thing offer- 
ed to God, or immolated by an act of religion. 3. De- 
struction, surrender or loss made or incurred for gaining 
some object, or for obliging another. 4. Any thing de- 
stroyed . 

SA€'RI-FlCED, (sak're-f Izd) pp. Offered to God upon an 
altar ; destroyed, surrendered, or suffered to be lost. 

SAC'RI-Fl-CER, (sak're-fi-zer) n. One that sacrifices or 
immolates. Dryden. 

SAe-RI-Fl"CIAL, (sak-re-fish'al) a. Performing sacrifice ; 
included in sacrifice ; consisting in sacrifice. Shak. 

SAC'RI-LEGE, 71. [Fr. ; L. sacrilegium.] The crime of 
violating or profanmg sacred things ; or the alienating to 
laymen or to common purposes what has been appropria- 
ted or consecrated to religious persons or uses. 

SA€-RI-Le'GIOUS, (sak-re-le'jus) a. [L. sacHlegus.] 1. 
Violating sacred things ; polluted with the crime of sac- 
rilege. 2. Containing sacrilege. 

SA€-RI-Le>6I0US-LY, o.dv. With sacrilege j in violation 
of sacred_things. 

SAC-RI-LE'GIOUS-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being sac- 
rilegious. 2. Disprisition to sacrilege. 

SAC'RI-LE-GIST. n. One who is guilty of sacrilege. 

fSA'CRING, ;?;>'■. [from Fr. sac?-er.] Consecrating. 

Sa'€RING-BELL, n. A bell rung before the host. 

Sa 'CRIST, 71. A sacristan ; a person retained in a cathe- 
dral to copy out music for the choir, and take care of the 
books. 

SAC'RIS-TAN, n. [Fr. sacristain ; It. sacristano ; Sp. 
sacristan.'^ An officer of the church who has the care of 
the utensils or movables of the church. It is now cor- 
rupted into sexton. 

SAC'RIS-TY, n. [Fr. sacristie ; Sp., It. sacristia.] An 
apartment in a church where the sacred utensils are kept ; 
now called the vestry. 

t SAC'RO-SANCT, a. [L. sacrosanctus.] Sacred ; inviola- 
ble. More. 

BAD, a. [In W. 6'ttrf signifies wise, prudent, sober.] 1. Sor- 
•tjwful ; affected with grief; cast down with affliction. 

2. Habitually melancholy ; gloomy ; not gay or cheerful, 

3. Downcast; gloomy; having the external appearance 
of sorrow. 4. Serious ; grave ; not gay, light or volatile. 
5. Aflaictive ; calamitous ; causing sorrow. 6. Dark-col- 
ored ; [obs.] 7. Bad; vexatious; [colloquial.] Addison. 
8. Heavy; weighty; ponderous; [obs.'] 9. Close; firm; 
cohesive ; opposed to lifrht or friable ; [obs.] 

SAD'DEN, (sad'n) v. t. 1. To make sad or sorrowful ; also, 
to make melancholy or gloomy. 2. To make dark-color- 
ed ; [o6sJ 3. To make heavy, firm or cohesive ; [obs.] 

SAD'DENED, pp. Made sad or gloomy. 

SAD'DEN-ING, ppr. Making sad or gloomy. 

SAD'DLE, (sad'l) n. [Sax. sadel, sadl ; D. zadel ; G. sattel.] 
I. A seat to be placed on a horse's back for the rider to sit 
on — '2. Among seamen, a cleat or block of wood nailed on 
the lower yard arms to retain the studding-sail-booms in 
their place. 

SAD'DLE, V. t. 1. Tc put a saddle on. 2. To load ; to fix a 
burden on. 

SAD'DLE-BACKED, a. Having a low bagk and an eleva- 
ted neck and head, as a horse. Far. Diet. 

SAD'DLE-BoW, n: [Sax. sadl-boga.] The bows o*" a sad- 
dle, or the pieces which form the front. 

SAD'DLE-MaK-ER, orSAD'DLER, n. One whose occu- 
pation is to make saddles. 

SAD-DU-Ce'AN, a. Pertaining to the Sadducees, a sect 
among the ancient Jews. Acts xxiii. 



SAD'pU-CISM, 71. The tenets of the Sadducees. More. 
SAD'iR-ON, (sad'i-urn) n. An instrument used to smooth 

clothes after washing ; a flat-iron. [Little used.] 
SAD'LY, adv. 1. Sorrowfully ; mournfully. Dryden. 2. In 
a calamitous or miserable' manner. 3. In a dark color; 
[obs.] ' 

SAD'NESS, 71. 1. Sorrowfulness ; mournfulness ; dejection 
of mind. 2. A melancholy look ; gloom of countenance 
3. Seriousness ; sedate gravity. 
SAFE, a. [Fr. sauf, sauce ; L. salvus.] 1. Free from dan- 
ger of any kind. 2. Free from hurt, injury or damage 
3. Conferring safety ; securing from harm, 4. Not expo- 
sing to danger, r-hil. iii. 5, No longer dangerous ; placed 
beyond the power of doing harm. 
SAFE, n. A place of safety ; a place for securing provisions 

from noxious animals, 
t SAFE, v. t. To render safe. Shak. 

SAFE-CON'DJCT, n. [safe and conduct; Fr. sauf-con- 
duit.] That which gives a safe passage, either a convoy 
or guard to protect a person in an enemy's country or in 
a foreign country, or a writing, a pass or warrant of secu- 
rity given to a person by the sovereign of a country to 
enable him to travel with safety. 
SaFE'GUARD, n. 1. He or that which defends or protects ; 
defense ; protection. 2. A convoy or guard to protect a 
traveler. 3. A passport ; a warrant of security given by 
a sovereign to protect a stranger within his territories. 4. 
An outer petticoat to save women's clothes on horseback 
SaFE'GUARD, v. t. To guard ; to protect. [Little used.] 
SAFE-KEEP'ING,7?. [safe and keep ] The act of keeping 

or preserving in safety from '.niury or from escape. 
SaFE'LY, adv. 1. In a safe uianner; without incurring 
danger. 2. Without injury . 3. Without escape ; in close 
custody. 
SaFE'NESS, n. 1. Freedom from danger. 2. The state of 

being safe, or of conferring safety. 
SaFE'TY, n. Freedom from danger or hazard, 2. Exemp- 
tion from hurt, injury or loss. 3. Preservation from es- 
cape ; close custody. 4. Preservation from hurt. 
SaFE'TY-LAMP, n. An invention of Sir Humphrey Davy, 
to prevent explosions in mines. The light is placed with- 
in a network of fine wire, through which the combusti- 
ble gasses pass slowly and are consumed without explo- 
sion. 
SaFE'TY-VALVE, n. A valve by means of whicli a 

boiler is preserved from bursting by the force of steam. 
SAF'FLoW, I n. The plant bastard saffron, of the 
SAF'FLOW-ER, \ genus carthamus. 
SAF'FLOW-ER, n. A deep-red fecula separated from 

orange-colored flowers. 
*SAF'FRON, n. [W. safrwn, safyr ; Fr. safran ; Arm. 
zafron ; G., Sw,, Dan, saffran.] 1. A plant of the genus 
crocus. — 2. In materia medica, saffron is formed of the 
stigmata of the crocus officinalis, dried on a kiln and 
pressed into cakes, 
*SAF'FRON, a. Having the color of saffron flowers; yel 

low. Dryden. 
* SAF'FRON, V. t. To tinge with saffron ; to make yellow , 

to gild. Chaucer. 
SAF'FRON-Y, a. Having the color of saffron. Lord. 
SAG,7), i, [a different spelling of swag.] 1, To yield; to 
give way ; to lean or incline from an upright position, or 
to bend from a horizontal position. — 2. In sailing, to in- 
cline to the leeward ; to make lee way. Mar. Diet. 
SAG, V. t. To cause to bend or give way ; to load or burden. 
SA-Ga'CIOUS, a. [L, sagax ; Fr. sage, sagesse ; Sp. saga, 
sagaz ; It. saggio.] 1. Quick of scent. 2. duick of 
thought ; acute in discernment or penetration. 
SA-Ga'CIOUS-LY, adv. 1. With quick scent, 2, With 

quick discernment or penetration, 
SA-Ga'CIOUS-NESS, n. 1, The quality of being sagacious; 
quickness of scent. 2, Q,uickness or acuteness of dis- 
cernment. 
SA-GAC'I-TY, 71, [Fr. sagacite; L. sagacitas.] 1. Quirk 
ness or acuteness of scent ; applied to animals. 2, Quick 
ness or acuteness of discernment or penetration ; readiness 
of apprehension. 
SAG'A-MORE, n. Among some tribes of American Indians, 

a king or chief, 
SAG'A-PEN, I n. In pharmacy, a gum-resin, brought 

SAG-A-Pe'NUM, \ from Persia and the East. 
SAG'A-THY, n. A kind of serge ; a slight woolen stuff, 
SAGE, 71. [Fr, sauge ; Ar, saoch.] A plant of the genus 

salvia, of several species, 
SAGE, a. [Fr, sage ; It. saggio.] 1 Wise ; having nice 
discernment and powers of judging ; prudent ; grave. 2, 
Wise ; judicious ; proceeding from wisdom ; well judged ; 
well adapted to the purpose, 
SAGE, 71. A wise roan ; a man of gravity and wisdom ; 
particularly, a man venerable for years, and known as a 
man of sound judgment and prudence ; a grave philoso- 
pher. 
SaGE'LY, adv. Wisely , with just discernment and pm- 
dence. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, o, V, Y C^ro-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY j— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



SAI 



739 



SAL 



!8A-(jENE', ». A Russian measure of about seven English 

feet. 

Sa6E'NESS, 71. Wisdom ; sagacity ; prudence ; gravity. 

SA6'EN-ITE, n. Acicular rutile. Ure. 

SA6'IN-ATE, V. t. To pamper ; to fatten. Cocker am. 

* SA(j'IT-TAL, a. [L. sagittalis.] Pertaining to an arrow ; 
resembling an arrow. — In anatomy, the sagittal suture is 
the suture which unites the parietal bones of the skull. 

SA6-IT-Ta'RI-US, n. [L. an archer.] One of the twelve 
signs of the zodiac, which the sun enters Nov. 22. 

SAG'IT-TA-RY, n. A centaur, an animal half man, half 
horse, armed with a bow and quiver. Shak. 

SA(j'IT-TA-RY, a. Belonging to an arrow ; proper for an 
arrow. 

SA6'IT-TATE, a. In botany, shaped like the head of an 
arrow ; triangular, hollowed at the base. 

Sa'GO, n. A dry, mealy substance or granulated paste, 
imported from Java and the Philippine and Molucca isles. 

SA-GOIW, n. The sagoins form a division of the genus simia. 

Sa'GY, a. Full of sage ; seasoned with sage. 

SAH'LITE, n. A mineral named from the mountain SaJila. 

Sa'I€, 71. A Turkish or Grecian vessel. Ma?-. Diet. 

SAID, (sed) pret. and pp. of say ; so written for sayed. 1. 
Declared ; uttered ; reported. 2. Aforesaid ; before men- 
_tioned. 

Sail, n. [Sax., G., Sw. segel ; Dan. sejl ; D. zeil.] 1. In 
navigation, a spread of canvas, or sheet which receives 
the impulse of wind by which a ship is driven.— 2. In 
poetry, wings. Spenser. 3. A ship or other vessel ; used 
in the singular for a single ship, or as a collective name for 
many. — To loose sails, to unfurl them. — To make sail, to 
extend an additional quantity of sail. — To set sail, to ex- 
pand or spread the sails ; and hence, to begin a voyage. — 
To shorten sail, to reduce the extent of sail, or take in a 
part. — To strike sail. 1. To lower the sails suddenly. 2. 
To abate show or pomp ; [colloquial.] Shak. 

RaIL, v.i. 1. To be 'mpelled or driven forward by the ac- 
tion of wind upon sails, as a ship on water. 2. To be 
conveyed in a vessel on water ; to pass by water. 3. To 
swim. 4. To set sail ; to begin a voyage. 5. To be car- 
ried in the air, as a balloon. 6. To pass smoothly along. 
7. To fly without striking with the wings. 

SAIL, V. t. 1. To pass or move upon in a ship, by means of 
sails. 2. To fly through. Pope. 

SaIL'A-BLE, a. Navigable ; that may be passed by ships. 

SaTL'-BCRNE, a. Borne or conveyed by sails. J. Barlow. 

SaIL'-BROAD, a. Spreading like a sail. Milton. 

Sailed, pp'. Passed in ships or other water-craft. 

SaIL'ER, n. 1. One that sails ; a seaman ; usually, sailor. 

2. A ship or other vessel, with reference to her manner of 
jailing. 

SaIL'ING, ppr. Moving on water or in air; passing in a 
ship or other vessel. 

SaIL'ING, n. 1. The act of moving on water ; or the move- 
ment of a ship or vessel impelled by the action of wind on 
her sails. 2. Movement through the air, as in a balloon. 

3. The act of setting sail or beginning a voyage. 
SaIL'-LOFT, n. A loft or apartment where sails are cut 

out andjnade. 

SaIL'-MaK-ER, 71. 1. One whose occupation is to make 
sails. 2. An officer on board ships of war, whose business 
is to repair or alter sails. 

SaIL'-MaK-ING, 71. The art or business of making sails. 

SaIL'OR, 71. [a more common spelling tlmn sailer.] A mar- 
iner ; a seaman ; one who follows the business of naviga- 
ting ships or other vessels. 

SaIL'Y, a. Like a sail. Drayton. 

SaIL'-YARD, n. [Sax. segl-gyrd.] The yard or spar on 
which sails are extended. Dry den. 

SAIM, 71. [Sax. seim ; W. saim.] Lard. [Local.] 

I SAIN, for sayen, pp. of say. Shak. 

SaIN'FOIN, ) 71. [Fr. sainfoin.] A plant cultivated for 

SaINT'FOIN, \ fodder. 

SaINT, 71. [Fr. ; L. sanctus ,• It., Sp. santo.] 1. A person 
sanctified ; a holy or godly person ; one emment for piety 
and virtue. 2. One of the blessed in heaven. Reo. xviii. 
3. The holy angels are called sai?its. Jude 14. 4. One 
canonized by the church of Rome. Encyc. 

SaINT, v. t. To number or enroll among saints by an offi- 
cial act of the pope ; to canonize. 

SAINT, V. i. To act with asbow of piety. Pope. 

SaINT^ED, pp. 1. Canonized ; enrolled among the saints. 
2. a. Holy ; pious. 3. Sacred. Milton. 

S^INT'ESS, n. A female saint. Fisher. 

SAINT JOHN'S BREAD, n. A plant. 

SaTNT JOHN'S W6RT, n. A plant. 

SaINT'LiI^E, a. [saint and like.] 1. Resembling a saint. 
2. Suiting a saint ; becoming a saint. Dryden. 

SAINT'LY, a. Like a saint ; becoming a holy person. 

SAINT PE-TER'S Wort, 71. A plant. 

SAINT'S' BELL, n. A small bell rung in churches. 

SAINT'-SEEM-ING, a. Eavmg the appearance of a saint. 
Mountagu. 

SAINT'SHIP, n. The character or qualities of a saint. 



SA-JeNE', n. [written, also, sagene.] A Russian measure 
of length, equal to seven feet English measure. 

SAKE, n. [Sax. sac, saca ; D. laak ; G. sache ; Sw. saX 
and orsak ; Dan. sag.] 1. Final cause ; end ; purpose ; or 
rather the purpose of obtaining. 2. Account ; regard to 
any person or thing. 

Sa'KER, n. [Fr. sacre.] 1. A hawk ; a species of falcon. 
2. A piece of artillery. Hudibras. 

SAK'ER-ET, n. The male of the saker-hawk. 

SAL, 71. Salt ; a word much used in chemistry. 

SA'LA-BLE, a. [from sale.] That may be sold • that finds 
a readv market ; being in good demand. 

SA'LA-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being salable. 

Sa'LA-BLY, adv. In a salable manner. 

SA-LA'CIOUS, a. [L. salax.] Lustful , lefJherous. 

SA-LA'CIOUS-LY, adv. Lustfully ; with eager anunal ap- 
petite. 

SA-L A'CIOUS-NESS, ) n. Lust ; lecherousness ; strong pro- 

SA-LAC'I-TY, \ pensity to venery. 

SAL'AD, 71. [Fr. salade ; D. salaade ; G., Sw. salat ; Dan 
salad.] Raw herbs, usually dressed with salt, vinegar 
oil or spices, and eaten for giving a relish to other food. 

SAL'AD-ING, 71. Vegetables for salads. Cheyne. 

SAL A-LEM'BROTH, 71. A compound muriate of mercury 
and ammonia. Ure. 

t SA-LAM', n. [Oriental, peace or safety.] A salutation or 
compliment of ceremony or respect. Herbert. 

SAL'A-MAN-DER, n. [L., Gr. salamandra.] An animal of 
the genus lacerta, or lizard, one of the smaller species of 
the genus. The vulgar story of its being able to endure 
fire, is a mistake. — Salamander''s hair or wool, a name 
given to a species of asbestos or mineral flax . 

SAL-A-MAN'DRiNE, a. Pertaining to or resembling a sal- 
amander ; enduring fire. 

SAL AM-Mo'NI-Ae, 71. Muriate of ammonia. Ure. 

SAL'A-RIED, a. Enjoying a salary. 

SAL'A-RY, 71. [Fr. salaire ; It., Sp. salario ; L. sulaHum.] 
The recompense or consideration stipulated to be paid to 
a person for services, usually a fixed sum to be paid by 
the year. 

SALE, n. [W. sal ; Sax. sal.] 1. The act of selling ; the 
exchange of a commodity for money of equivalent value. 
2. Vent; power of selling ; market. 3. Auction; public 
sale to the highest bidder, or exposure of goods in market , 
[I. u.] 4. State of being venal, or of being oSeied. to 
bribery. 5. [qu. Sax. scelan.] A wicker basket. 

SALE, a. Sold ; bought ; as opposed to homemade. [Collo- 
quial.] 

SAL-E-BROS'I-TY, n. [See Salebrous.] Roughness or 
ruggedness of a place or road. Feltham. 

SAL'E-BROUS, a. [L. salebrosv^.] Rough ; rugged ; un- 
even. [Little used.] 

SAL'EP, 7!. [said to be a Turkish word ; written, also, Sa- 
lop, saloop and saleb.] In materia medica, the dried root 
of a species of orchis ; also, a preparation of this root to be 
used as food. 

SaLES'MAN, 71. [sale and man.] 1. One that sells clothes 
ready made. Swift. 2. One who makes sales to custom- 
ers in a store or shop. 

SA'LET. See Sallet 

SaLE'WoRK, n. Work or things made for sale ; hence, 
work carelessly done. Shak. 

SAL'I€, «. [The origin of this word is not ascertained.] 
The Salic law of France is a fundamental law, by virtue 
of which males only can inherit the throne. 

*SA'LI-EjN1T, a. [L. saliens.] ]. Leaping; an epithet in 
heraldry, applied to a lion or other beast, represented in 8 
leaping posture. — 2. In /o?-t(^catto7t, projecting ; as a sali- 
ent angle. 

* SA'LI-ENT, a. [L. saliens.] 1. Leaping ; moving by leaps , 
as frogs. 2. Beating ; throbbing ; as the heart. 3. Shoot- 
ing out or up ; springing ; darting 

SA-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. sal and fere] Producing or beai 
ing salt. Eaton. 

SAL'I-FI-A-BLE, a. Capable of becoming a salt, or of com 
bin ing with an acid to form a neutral salt. 

SAL-I-PI-CA'TION, 71. The act of salifying. 

SAL'I-FlED, pp. Formed into a neutral salt by combination 
with an acid. 

SAL'I-FY, V. t. [L. sal and facio.] To form into a neutral 
salt, by combining an acid with an aUiali, earth or 
metal. _ 

SAL'I-Fy-ING, ppr. Forming into a salt by combination 
with an acid. 

SAL'I-GOT, 71. [Fr.] A plant, the water-thistle. 

SAL-I-Na'TION, 7i. [Ij. sal, salinator.] Theact of washing 
with salt-water. Oreenhill. 

*SA-LlNE', la. [Fr. salin.] 1. Consisthig of salt.or con- 

SA-LI'NOUS. \ stituting salt. 2. Partaking of the quali- 
ties of salt. 

*SA-LlNE', 71. [Sp., It. salina ; Fr. saline ] A salr spring, 
or a place where salt-water is collected in the esrth. 

SAL-I-N1F'ER-0US, a. [Ij. sal, salinum , and fero.] Pro- 
ducing salt. 



* See Synopsis MOVE, BOQK D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; C as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in chis t Obsolete 



SAL 



720 



SAL 



SA-LIN'I-FORM, ff. [L. sal j salinumy and form.] Having 
the form of salt. 

SA-Ll'NO-TER'RENE, a. [L. saly salinum and terrenus.] 
Denoting a compound of salt and earth. 

SAL'ITE, V. t. [L. salio.] To salt; to impregnate or season 
with salt. [Little used.} 

SA-LI'VA, 1 n. [L. saliva.l The fluid which is secreted by 

SAL'IVE, \ the salivary glands, and which serves to 
moisten the mouth and tongue. 

*^SA-Ll'VAL, )a. [from saliva.'] Pertaining to saliva ; se- 

SAL'I-VA-RY, \ creiing or conveving salivj*. 

SAL'l-VATS, V. t. [itom saliva i Fr. saliver.] To excite 
an unusual secretion and discharge of saliva m a person, 
usually by mercury ; to produce ptyalism in a person. 

SAL'1-VA-TED, pp. Having an increased secretion of saliva 
from medicine. 

SAL'I-VA-TING, ppr. Exciting increased secretion of 
saliva. 

SAL-I-Va'TION, n. The act or process of promoting ptya- 
lism, or of producing an increased secretion of saliva, for 
the cure of disease. 

HA-Ll'VOUS, a. Pertaining to saliva; partaking of the 
nature of saliva. Wiseman. 

KAL'LET, n. [Fr. salade.] A head-piece or helmet. 
S AT 'T Tt^T i 

. SAL'LET-ING, \ "• [corrupted from salad.] 
SAL'Ll-ANCE^ n. [from sally.] An issuing forth. 

SAL'LoW, n. [Sax. salh, salig ; Ir. sail ; Fr. saule.] A 
tree of the willow kind, or genus salix. 

SAL'LoW, a. [Sax. salowig, sealwe.] Having a yellowish 
color j of a pale, sickly color, tinged with a dark yellow. 

SAL'^OW-NESS, «. A yellowish color; paleness tinged 
with a dark yellow. 

SAL'LY, 71. [Fr. saillie ; It. salita ; Sp. salida.] 1. An 
issue or rushing of troops from a besieged place to attack 
the besiegers. 2. A spring or dartii;g of intellect, fancy 
or imagination ; flight; sprightly exertion. 3. Excursion 
from the usual track ; range. 4. Act of levity or extrava- 
gance ; wild gayety ; frolick. 

SAL'LY, V. i. [Fr. saillir ; Arm. sailha ; It. salire ; Sp. sa- 
lir ; L. salio.] 1. To issue or rush out, as a body of troops 
from a fortified place to attack besiegers. 2. To issue 
suddenly ; to make a sudden eruption. 

SAL'LY-ING, j)pr. Issuing or rushing out. 

SAL'LY-PoRT, 71. 1. In fortification, a postern gate, or a 
passage under ground from the inner to the outer works, 
such as from the higher flank to the lower, or to the te- 
nailles, or to the communication from the middle of the 
curtain to the ravelin. 2. A large port on each quarter of 
a fire-ship for the escape of the men into boats when the 
train is fired. 

SAL-MA-GUN'DI, n. [Sp. salpicon, corrupted. See Salpi- 
coN.] A mixture of chopped meat and pickled herring 
with oil, vinegar, pepper and onions. Johnson. 

SAL'MI-A€, n. A contraction of sal ammoniac. 

SALM'oN, (sam'niun) n. [L. salmo ; Fr. saumon.] A fish 
of the genus salmo. 

SALM'oN-TROUT, (sam'mun-trout) n. A species of trout 
resembling the salmon in color. Walton. 

SA-LOON', m. [It. salone ; Sp., Fr. salon.] In architecture. 
a lofty, spacious hall, vaultea at the top, and usually 
comprehenciing two stories, with two ranges of windows. 

SA-LOOP', ) ^,„c„„„ 

Sa'LOP. 'jSeeSALEP. 

SAL'PI-€ON, 71. [Sp.] Stuffing ; farce ; chopped meat or 
bread, <fcc., used to stufi" legs of veal ; called, also, salma- 
gundi. 

jSAL-SA-MEN-Ta'RI-OUS, a. [1,. salsamentarius.] Per- 
taining to salt things. Diet. 

SAiySI-FY, 71. [Fr. salsifis.] Goai's-beard, a plant, 

SAL-SO-AC'ID, a. [L. salsus and acidus.j Having a taste 
compounded of saltness and acidness. [Little used.] 

SAL-StJ'Gl-NOUS, a. [L. salsugo.] Saltish. 

SALT, 7i. [Sax. salt, sealt ; Gotb ., Sw., Dan. salt ; G. salz ; 
it. sale : Fr. sel ; L., Sp., Port, sal.] I. Common salt is 
the muriate of soda, a substance used for seasoning cer- 
tain kinds of food, and for the preservation of meat, &c. — 
2. In chemistry, a body compounded of an acid united to 
some base. 3. Taste ; sapor; smack. 4. Wit; poignan- 
cy ; as, Attic salt. 

SALT, a. 1. Having the taste of salt; impregnated with 
salt. 2. Abounding with salt. 3. Overflowed with salt- 
water, or impregnated with it. 4. Growing on salt marsh 
or meadows and having the taste of salt. 5. Producing 
salt-water. 6. Lecherous ; salacious. 

SALT, 71. 1. The part of a river near the sea, where the 
water is salt. 2. A vessel for holding salt. 

SALT, V. t. ]. To sprinkle, impregnate or season with 
sail. 2. To fill with salt between the timbers and planks, 
as a ship, for the preservation of the timber. 

SALT, V. i. To deposit salt from a saline substance. 

\ SALT, 71. [Fr. saut.] A leap ; the act of jumping. 

SALT'ANT, a [L. saltans.] Leaping ; dancing. 



SAL-Ta'TION, 7t. yL. saltatio.] 1. A leaping or jumpicg 
2. Beating or palpitation. 

SALT'€AT, 71. A lump or heap of salt, made at the salt- 
works, which attracts pigeons. 

SALT'-CEL-LAR, 71. [salt and cellar.] A small vessel used 
for holding salt on the table. Swift. 

SALT'ED, pp. Sprinkled, seasoned or impregiated with 

■ salt. 

SALT'ER, n. 1. One who salts ; one who gives or applies 
salt. 2. One that sells salt. 

SALT'ERN, n. A salt-work ; a building in which salt is 
made by boiling or evaporation. Encyc. 

SALT'IER, n. [Fr. sautoir.] In heraldry, one of the honor- 
able ordinaries, in the form of St. Andrew's cross. 

tSALT'IN-BAN-€0,7i. [Yx. saltimbanque.] Amouiitebank ; 
a quack. Broion. 

SALT'ING, ppr. Sprinkling or seasoning with salt. 

SAlT'ING, n. The act of sprinkling or impregnating with 
salt. 

SALT'ISH, a. Somewhat salt. 

SALT'ISri-LY, adv. With a moderate degree of saltness. 

SALT'ISH-NESS, n. A moderate degree of saltness. 

SALT'LESS, a. Destitute of salt; insipid. 

SALT'LY_, adv. With taste of salt ; in a salt manner. 

sAliT'-MiNE, n. A mine where fossil salt is obtained. 

SALTINESS, 71. 1. The quality of being impregnated witiJ 
salt. 2. Taste of salt. 

SALT'-PAN, or SALT'-PIT, n. A pan, basin or pit where 
salt is obtained or made. Bacon. 

SALT-Pk'TRE, \ n. [salt, and Gr. nergos.] A neutral salt 

SAlT-Pe'TER, \ formed by the nitric acid in combina- 
tion with potash, and hence denominated nitrate of 
potash. _ 

SALT-Pe'TROUS, a. Pertaining to saltpetre, or partaking 
of its qualities ; impregnated with saltpetre. 

SALT-RHEuM', n. Herpes ; an affection of the skin. 

SALTS, n. The salt water of rivers entering from the 
ocean. S. Carolina. 

SALT'-WA TER, n. Water impregnated with salt ; sea- 
water. '" 

SALT'- WORK, 71. A house or place where salt is made. 

SALT'-WoRT, 71. A plant ; jointed glasswort. 

t SALT'Y, a. Somewhat salt. Cotgrave. 

SA-LU'BRI-OUS, a. [L. saluher, salubris.] Favorable co 
health ; healthful ; promoting health. 

SA-LU'BRI-OUS-LY, adv. So as to promote health. 

SA-Lu'BRI-TY, 71. [L. salubritas.] Wholesomeness 
hcalthfulness ; favorableness to the preservation of health 

SAL'U-TA-RI-NESS, n. 1. Wholesomeness ; the quality 
of contributing to health or safety. 2. The quality of pro 
moting good or prosperity. 

SAL'U-TA-RY, a. [Fr. salutaire ; L. salutaris.] 1. Whole- 
some ; healthful ; promoting health. 2. Promotive of 
public safety ; contributing to some beneficial purpose. 

SAL-U-Ta'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. salutatio.] The act of salut- 
ing ; a greeting ; the act of paying respect or reverence 
by the customary words or actions. 

SA-Lu'TA-TO-RY, a. Greeting ; containing salutations. 
An epithet applied to the oration which introduces the exer- 
cises of commencement in American colleges. 

t SA-LO'TA-TO-RY, n. [Low L. salutatorium.] Place of 
greeting. 

SA-LtJTE', V. t. [L. saluto ; It. salutare ; Sp. saludar ; Fi 
saluer.] 1. To greet ; to hail ; to address with expressions 
of kind wishes. 2. To please ; to gratify ; [w/mswaZ.] 3. 
To kiss. — 4. In military and naval affairs, to honor some 
person or nation by a discharge of cannon or small arms, 
by striking colors, by shouts, &c. 

SA-LtJTE', n. 1. The act of expressing kind wishes or re- 
spect ; salutation ; greeting. 2. A kiss. — 3. In military 
affairs, a discharge of cannon or small arms in honor of 
some distinguished personage. — 4. In the navy, a testimo- 
ny of respect or deference rendered by ships, which is 
performed by a discharge of cannon, &c. 

SA-TaVTiBB, pp. Hailed; greeted. 

SA-LuT'ER, 71. One who salutes. 

SAL-U-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. salutifer.] Bringing health ; 
healthy. Dennis. 

SALV-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The possibility of being saved or ad- 
mitted to everlasting life. Saunderson. 

SALVA-BLE, a. [L. salvvs.] That may be saved, or re- 
ceived to everlasting happiness. 

SALVAGE, n. [Fr. salvage.] In commerce, a reward or 
recompense allowed by law for the saving of a ship or 
goods from loss at sea. 

t SALVAGE, for savage. See Savage. 

SAL-Va'TION, 71. [It. salvazione ; Sp. salvacion.] 1. The 
act of saving ; preservation from destruction, danger or 
great calamity. — 2. Appropriately, in theology, the re. 
demption of man from the bondage of sin and liability to 
eternal death, and the conferring on him everlasting hap- 
piness. 3. Deliverance from enemies ; victory. Ex. xiv 
4. Remission of sins, or saving graces. Lulce xix. 5. The 



* See Synopsis. 



A, E, I, O, tJ, Y, hng.— FAR, FALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD j- 



1[ Obsolete 



SAN 



721 



SAN 



Author of man's salvation. Ps. xxvii. 6. A term ol 
or benediction. Rev. xiXf 

SALV'A-TO-RY, ?t. [Fr. salvatoire.] A place where things 
are preserved ; a repository. Hale. 

* SALVE (salv, or s'siv) 7i. [Sax. sealfe ; from L. salvus.] 
1. A g'.uiinous composition or substance to be applied to 
wounds or sores. 2. Help ; remedy. 

*SALViC, (salv, or sav) v. t. 1. To heal by applications or 
medicaments ; [I. u.] 2. To help ; to remedy ; [/. u.] 3. 
To help or remedy by a salvo, excuse or reservation ; [I. 
u] 4. To salute j [obs.] 

SAL VER, n A piece of plate with a foot ; or a plate on 
which any thing is presented. Pope. 

f SAL-VIF'I€, a. [L. salvus and facia.] Tending to save or 
secure safety. Ck. Relig. Appeal. 

SAL'VO, n. [L. salvo jure.] An exception ; a reservation j 
an excuse. K. Charles. 

SALVOR, n. One who saves a ship or goods at sea. 

SA-MAR'1-TAN, a. 1. Pertaining to Samaria. 2. Denot- 
ing the ancient characters and alphabet used by the He- 
brews. 

BA-MAR'I-TAN, n. 1. An inhabitant of Samaria, or one 
that belonged to the sect which derived their appellation 
fiom that city. 2. The language of Samaria, a dialect of 
the Chaldean. 

SAxM'BO, n. The offspring of a black person and a mu- 
latto. 

SAME, a. [Sax. same ; Goth, sama, same ; Dan. samme ; 
Sw. samme.] 1. Identical ; not different or other. 2. Of 
the identical kind or species, though not the specific thing. 
3. That was mentioned before. Daniel. 4. Equal; ex- 
actly similar. 

t SAME, ado. [Sax. sam.] Together. Spenser. 

SaME'NESS, n. 1. Identity; the state of being not differ- 
ent or other. 2. Near resemblance ; correspondence ; 
similarity, 

Sa'MI-AN EARTH, n. [Gr. Samos.] The name of a marl 
of two species, used in medicine as an astringent. 

Sa'MI-EL, or SI-MOOM', n. [Ar.] A hot and destructive 
wind that sometimes blows in Arabia. 

t SAM'ITE, n. [Old Fr.] A species of silk stuff. 

SAM'LET, n. A little salmon. Walton. 

SAMP, 71. A species of food composed of maize broken or 
bruised, boiled and mixed with milk. JVew England. 

SAMP'ANE, n. A kind of vessel used by the Chinese. 

SAM'PHIRE, n. [said to be a corruption of Saint Pierre.] 
A plant of the genus crithmum. 

SAM'PLE, n. [L. exemplum ; Sp., Port, exemplo ; It. esem- 
pio ; Fr. ezemple ; Ir. somplar.] 1. A specimen ; a part of 
any thing presented for inspection, or intended to be 
shown, as evidence of the quality of the whole. 2. Ex- 
ample ; instance. 

SAM'PLE, V, t. To show something similar. Ainsworth. 

SAMTLER, n. [L. exemplar.] A pattern of work ; a speci- 
men ; particularly, a piece of needle-work by young giris 
for improvement. 

SAM'SON'S-PoST, n. In sJdps, a notched post used instead 
of a ladder ; also, a piece of timber that forms a return for 
a tackle-fall. 

SAN'A-BLE, a. [L. sanabilis.] That may be healed or 
cured ; susceptible of remedy. More. 

t SA-Na'TION, n. [L. sanatio.] The act of healing or 
curing. Wiseman. 

SAN'A-TiVE, a. [L. sano, to heal.] Having the power to 
cure or heal ; healing ; tending to heal. 

SAN'A-TlVE-NESS, n. The power of healing. 

SANCE'-BELL, n. A corruption of saint'5-SeZ?, which see. 

t SAN€'TI-FI-€ATE, v. t. To sanctify. Barrow. 

SAN€-TI-FI-€a'TION, n. [Fr. ; Low L. sanctificatio.] 1. 
The act of making holy. 2. The act of consecrating or of 
setting apart for a sacred purpose ; consecration. 

SANC'TI-FiED, pv. 1. Made holy ; consecrated ; set apart 
for sacred services. 2. Affectedly holy. 

SAN€'TI-Fi-ER, n. He that sanctifies or makes holy. 

SAN€'TI-FY, v. t. [Fr. sanctifier ; It. santificare ; Sp. san- 
tificar ; Low L sanctijico.] 1. In a general sense, to 
cleanse, purify or make holy. 2. To separate, set apart 
or appoint to a holy, sacred or religious use. 3. To puri- 
fy ; to prepare for divine service, and for partaking of 
holy things. Ex. xix. 4. To separate, ordain and appoint 
to the work of redemption and the government of the 
church. John x. 5. To cleanse from corruption ; to purify 
from sin. 6. To make the means of holiness ; to render 
productive of holiness or piety. 7. To make free from 
^^iiilt. 8. To secure from violation. 

SAN€'TI-FY-ING, ppr. 1. Making holy ; purifying from 
the defilements of sin ; separating to a holy use. 2. a. 
Tending to sanctify ; adapted to increase holiness. 

SAN€-TI-Mo'NI-OUS, a. [L. sanctimonia.] Saintly ; hav- 
ing the appearance of sanctity. 

SAN€-TI-Mo'NI-OUS-LY, adv. With sanctimony. 

SANC-TI-Mo'NI-OUS-NESS, n. State of being sanctimo- 
nious ; sanctity, or the appearance of it ; devoutness. 

SANC'TI-MO-NY, 71. [L. sanctimonia.] Holiness ; devout- 



ness ; scrupulous austerity ; sanctity, or the appearance 
of it. [Little used.] Raletgh. 

SA:\C'TlOi\, 71. [Fr. ; L. sanctio.] 1. Ratification ; an 
ofliicial act of a superior by which he ratifies and gives 
valid)ty to the act of some other person or body. 2. Au- 
thority ; confirmation derived from testimony, character, 
influence or custom. 3. A law or decree ; luu^ruper.] 
JJenham. 

SANC'l'ION, V. t. To ratify ; to confirm ; to give validity 
or authority to. Burke. 

SANCTIONED, pp. Ratified; confirmed; authorized. 

SAN€'TION-ING, ppr. Ratifying ; authorizing. 

SAN€'TI-TUDE, n. [L. sanctus, sanctitudo.] Holiness ; 
sacredness. Milton. 

SANCiTI-TY, 71. [Li. sanctitas.] 1. Holiness; state of being 
sacred or holy. 2. Goodness ; purity ; godliness. 3. ba- 
credness ; solemnity. 4. A saint or holy being ; [un- 
usual.] 

t SANCT'U-A-RlZE, v. t. [from sanctuary ] To shelter by 
means of a sanctuary or sacred privileges. 'Shak. 

SANCTCJ-A-RY, n. [Fi. sanctuaire ; It.. 8p. santuario ; 
L. sanctuarium.] 1. A sacred place ; particularly, among 
the Israelites, the most retired part of the temple at Jeru- 
salem, called the Holy of Holies. 2. The temple at Je- 
rusalem. 3. A house consecrated to the worship of God ; 
a place where divine service is performed. — 4. In Catholic 
churches, that part of a church where the altar is placed, 
encompassed with a balustrade. 5. A place of protec 
tion ; a sacred asylum. 6. Shelter ; protection. 

SAND, n. [Sax., G., Sw., Dan. saiid ; B. zand.J 1. Any 
mass or collection of fine particles of stone, particularly of 
fine particles of silicious stone, but not strictly reduced to 
pTJWder or dust. — 2. Sands, in the plural, tracts of land 
consisting of sand, like the deserts of Arabia and Af- 
rica. 

SAND, V. t. 1. To sprinkle with sand. 2. To drive upon 
the sand. 

SAN'DAL, 71. [Fr. sandale ; It. sandalo ; Sp. sandalia ; L. 
sandalium.] 1. A kind of shoe, consisting of a sole fas- 
tened to the foot. Pope. 2. A shoe or slipper worn by the 
pope and other Romish prelates when they officiate. 

SAN'DAL, SAN'DAL- WOOD, or SAN'DERS, n. [Ar.] 
A kind of wood which grows in the East-Indies and has 
a bitter taste and an aromatic smell. 

SAN'DA-RA€, ) n. [L. sandaraca.] 1. A resin in white 

SAN'DA-RA€H, ) tears, more transparent than those of 
mastic ; obtained from the juniper. 2. A native fossil ; 
also, a combination of arsenic and sulphur ; orpiment. 

SAND'-BAG, n. A bag filled with sand, used in fortifi- 
cation. 

SAND'-BATH, n. A bath made by warm sand, with which 
something is enveloped. 

SAND'-BLlND, a. Having a defect of sight, by means of 
which small particles appear to fly before the eyes. 

SAND'-BOX, 71. 1. A box with a perforated top or cover, 
for sprinkling paper with sand. 2. A tree or plant. 

SAND'ED, pp. 1. Sprinkled with sand. 2. a. Covered 
with sand ; barren. 3. Marked with small spots ; varie- 
gated with spots ; speckled ; of a sandy color. 4. Short- 
sighted. 

SAND'-EEL, n. The ammodyte, a fish. 

SANDER-LING, n. A bird of the plover kind. 

SAN'DERS. See Sandal. 

SAN'DE-VER, or SAN'DI-VER, n. [Fr. sain de verre, oi 
saint de verre.] Glass-gall ; a whitish salt which is cast 
up from the materials of glass in fusion. 

SAND'-FLooD, n. A vast body of sand moving or borne 
along the deserts of Arabia. Bruce. 

SAND'-HeAT, n. The heat of warm sand, in chemical op 
erations. 

SAND'I-NESS, n. [from sandy.] I. The state of bemg 
sandy. 2. The state of being of a sandy color. 

SAND'ISH, a. [from sand.] Approaching the nature of 
sand ; loose ; not compact. Evelyn. 

SAND'IX, n. A kind of minium or red lead, mr.de of ce- 
ruse, but inferior to the true minium. Encyc, 

SAND'Pl-PER, n. A bird of the genus tringa. 

SAND'STONE, n. A stone composed chiefly of grains of 
quartz united by a cement, calcarious, marly, argillaceous 
or silicious. 

SAND'-WoRT, 71. A plant. 

SAND'Y, a. [Sax. sandig.] 1. Abounding with sand ; full 
of sand ; covered or sprinkled with sand. 2. Consisting 
of sand ; not firm or solid. 3. Of the color of sand ; of a 
yellowish-red color. 

SANE, a. [L. sanus ; I), gezond ; G. gesund.] 1. Gound ; 
not disordered or shattered ; healthy. 2. Sound ; not 
disordered ; having the regular exercise of reason and 
other faculties of the mind. 

SANG, pret. of sing. , ^ 

SANG FROID, (sang froa) n. [Fi. ; cold blood.] 1. Cool- 
ness ; freedom from agitation or excitement of mind 2 
Indifference. 

SAN'GI-AC, n. A Turkish governor of a province. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; C as J -, S as Z ; CH .-us SH ; TH as in tAw t Obsolete 
46 



SAP 



72Q 



SAR 



SAN-GUIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. sanguifer.] Conveying blood. 

The sanguifermis vessels are the arteries and veins. 
SAN-GUI-FI-€a'TION, ?t. [Fr.] In the animal economy, 

the production of blood ; the conversion of chyle into 

blood. Arhithnot. 
SAN'GUI-Fl-ER, n. A producer of blood. Plover. 
SAN-GUIF'LU-OUS, a. [L. sanguis and^ao.J Floating or 

running v^ith blood . 
SAN'GUI-FY, v.i. To produce blood . Hale. 
SAN GUI-F-y-ING, ppr. Producing blood. 
SAJV'GUIN-A-RY, a. [Fr. sanguinaire : L. sanguinarius.] 

1. Bloody ; attended with much bloodshed ; murderous. 

2. Blood-thirsty ; cruel ; eager to shed blood. 
SAN'GUIN-A-RY, n. A plant. Ainsioorth. 
SAJX'GUlNE, ) a. [Fr. saiia-uin ; L. sanguineus.} 1. Red ; 
RAN'GUIN, \ having the color of blood. Milton^ 2. 

Abounding with blood ; plethoric. 3. Warm ; ardent. 4. 

Confident. 
t SANGUINE, 71. Blood color. Spenser. 
SAN'GUiNE, V. t. 1. To stain with blood. 2. To stain or 

varnish with a blood color. 
SAN GUiNE-LESS, a. Destitute of blood ; pale. [Z..M.] 
SAN GUlNE-LY, adv. Ardently ; with confidence of suc- 

AN'GUINE-NESS, n. 1. Redness ; color of blood in the 
skin. 2. Fullness of blood ; plethora. 3. Ardor ; heat 
of temper; confidence. 

SAN-GUIN'E-OUS, a. [L. sanguineus.] 1. Aboundmg 
with blood ; plethoric. 2. Constituting blood. 

f SAN-GTJIN'I-TY, for sanguineness. Sioift. 

SANGUI-SUGE, 7i. [1,. sanguisuga.} The blood-sucker; 
a leech, or horse-leech. Encyc. 

SAN'HE-DRIM, 7!. [Low 1: synedrium.] The great council 
of seventy elders among the Jews, whose jurisdiction ex- 
tended to all important affairs. 

SAN'I-€LE, 7!. [from L. sano.l Self-heal, a plant. 

SA-NID'T-UM, 7!. A genus of fossils. Encyc. 

Sa'NI-ES, 71. [L.] A thin acrid discharge from wounds or 
sores ; a serous matter, less thick and white than pus. 

Sa'NI-OUS, a. 1. Pertaining to sanies, or partaking of its 
nature and appearance ; thin ; serous. 2. Runnmg a thin 
serous matter. 

SAN'I-TY, 71. [L. sanitas.] Soundness; particularly, a 
sound state of mind ; the state of a mind in the perfect 
exercise of reason. 

SANK, pret. of sink, but nearly obsolete. 

SAN'NAH, n. The name of certain kinds of India muslins. 

SANS, prep. [Fr.] Without. Shak. 

SAN'SCRIT, n. [According to H. T. Colebrooke, Sanscrit 
signifies the polished dialect. It is sometimes written 
Shanscrit-I The ancient language of Hindostan, from 
which are formed all the modern languages or dialects of 
the great peninsula of India. 

SAN'TER. See Saunter. 

SANT'ON, 71. A Turkish priest ; a kind of dervis. 

SAP, 71. [Sax. sa;p ; D. zap ; G. saft.] 1. The juice of plants 
of any kind, which flows chiefly between the wood and 
the bark. 2. The alburnum of a tree; the exterior part 
of the wood, next to the bark ; [a sense in general use in 
J\rew England.'] 

SAP, v.t. \Fx. saper ; It. zappare ; Arm. sappa.] 1. To 
undermine ; to subvert by digging or wearing away ; to 
mine. 2. To undermine ; to subvert by removing the 
foundation of. 

SAP, V. i. To proceed by mining, or by secretly under- 
mining. 

SAP, n. In sieges, a trench for undermining; or an ap- 
proach made to a fortified place by digging or under cover. 

SAP'A-JO, n. A division of the genus simia. 

SAP'-C6L-OR, 71. An expressed vegetable juice. Parke. 

SAPH'IRE. See Sapphire. 

SAP'ID, a. [L. sapidas.] Tasteful ; tastable ; having the 
power of affecting the organs of taste. 

SA-PID'I-TY, } n. Taste ; tastefulness ; savor; the quality 

SAP ID-NESS, \ of affecting the organs of taste. 

Sa'PI-ENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. sapientia.] Wisdom ; sageness ; 
_knowledge. Swift. 

Sa'PI-ENT, a. \Vise ; sage ; discerning. M2ton. 

SA-PI-EN'TIAL, a. Affording wisdom or instructions for 
wisdom. \_JVot much used.] Bp. Richardson. 

SAP'LESS, a. 1. Destitute of sap. 2. Dry; old; husky. 

SAP'LING, 74. [from sap.] A young tree. ^Milton 

SAP-0-NaICEOUS, a. [from L. sa;?o.] Soapy; resembling 
soap ; having the qualities of soap. 

SAP'0-NA-RY, a. Saponaceous. 

SA-PON-I-FI-Ca^TION, n. Conversion into soap. 

SA-PON'I-FY, v. t. [L. sapo and facio.] To convert into 
soap by combination with an alkali. 

SAP'0-NULE, 7!. A combination of volatile or essential oil 
_with some base. 

Sa'POR, n. [L.] Taste ; savor ; relish ; the power of af- 
fecting the organs of taste. Brown. 

SAP-0-RIF'I€, a. [Yr. saporifique.] Having the power to 
produce taste ; producing taste. Johnson. 



SAP-O-ROS'I-TY, n. The quality of body by which it ex- 
cites the sensation of taste. 

Sa'PO-ROUS, a. Having taste; yielding some kind of 
taste. Bailey. 

SA-PO'TA, 71 In botany, a tree or plant. 

SAP-PA-DIL'LO-TREE, or SAP-A-DIL'LO-TREE, ii A 
tree of the genus sloanea. Lee. 

SAP'PARE, 71. A mineral or species of earth. 

SAPPED, pp. Undermined ; suoverted. 

SAP'PER, n. One who saps. — In an army, sappers and 
miners are employed in working at saps. 

SAP'PHIC, (saf'ik) a. Pertaining to Sappho, a Grecian poet 
ess ; as, Sapphic odes. 

* SAP'PHIRE, (saf 'f ire, or saf 'fer) n. [L. sapphirus.] A 
species of silicious gems or minerals, of several varieties. 

SAP'PHIR-INE, a. Resembling sapphire ; made of sap- 
phire ; having the qualities of sapphire. 

SAP'PI-NESS, n. [from sappy.] The state or quality of 
being full of sap ; succulence ; juiciness. 

SAP'PY, a. [Sax. scepig.] 1. Abounding with sap ; juicy , 
succulent. 2. Young ; not firm ; weak. 3. Weak iu 
intellect. 

t SAP'PY, a. [qu. Gr. ffjyTru.] Musty ; tainted. 

SAR'A-BAND, n. [Sp. zarabanda; Port., It. sarabanda; 
Fr. sarabande.] A dance and a tune used in Spain. 

SAR-A-CEN'I€, \a. I. Pertaining to the Saracens, in- 

SAR-A-CEN'I-€AL, ] habitants of Arabia ; so called from 
sara, a desert. 2. Denoting the architecture of the Sara- 
cens, the modem Gothic. 

SAR'A-GOY, n. The opossum of the Molucca isles, 

SAR'A-SIN, or SAR'RA-SINE, n. 1. A plant, a kind of 
birth-wort. 2. A portcullis or herse. 

SaR'CASM, 71. [L. sarcasmus.] A keen, reproachful ex- 
pression ; a satirical remark or expression, uttered with 
some degree of scorn or contempt ; a taunt ; a gibe. 

SAR-€AS'TI€, \ a. Bitterly satirical ; scornfully se- 

SAR-€AS'TI-CAL, S vere ; taunting. 

SAR-CAS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. In a sarcastic manner; with 
scornful satire. South, 

SARCE'NET,?*. [qu. saracenicum.] A species of fine, thin, 
woven silk. Dryden. 

t SaR'CLE, v. t. [Fr. sarcler ^ L. sarculo.] To weed corn. 
Ainsworth. 

SXR'€0-CELE, n. [Gr. cag^ and KnKri.] A spurious rup- 
ture or hernia, in which the testicle is swelled or indu- 
rated. 

SAR'€0-€OL, ) n. [Gr. capl and KoWa.] A semi-trans- 

SaR-CO-€OL'LA, ) parent solid substance, imported from 
Arabia and Persia in grains of a light-yellow or red color 

SAR'CO-LITE, 71. [flesh-stone.] A substance of a vitreous 
nature, found near Vesuvius. 

SAR-CO-LOG'I-CAE, a. Pertaining to sarcology. 

SAR-€0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. aap^ and '\oyo?.] That part o" 
anatomy which treats of the soft parts of the body. 

SAR-€o'MA, 7i. [Gr. from (^ap^.] Any fleshy excrescent 
on an animal body. Encyc. 

SAR-COPH'A-GOUS, a. [See Sarcophagus.] Feedin-g on 
flesh ; flesh-eating. Diet. 

SAR-€OPH'A-GUS, n. [L.] 1. A species of stone used 
among the Greeks in their sculptures, which was so called 
because it consumed the flesh of bodies deposited in it 
within a few weeks. 2. A stone coffin or grave in which 
the ancients deposited bodies which they chose not t® 
bum. 

SAR-COPH'A-6Y, n. The practice of eating flesh. Brown. 

SAR-eOT'I€, a. [Gr. o-ap|.] In sur^eri/, producing or gen- 
erating flesh. 

SAR-COT'IC, n. A medicine or application which promote* 
the growth of flesh ; an incarnative. 

t SAR-€U-La'TION, n. [L. sarculus.] The act of weed- 
ing ; plucking up weeds. Diet. 

SAR'DA-CHATE, n. The clouded and spotted agate, of a 
pale flesh color. 

SAR'DAN, n. A fish resembling the herring. 

SARDE, or SAR'DOIN, n. A mineral, a variety of car- 
nelian. 

SAR'DEL, \ 

SAR'DINE, > n. [L. sardius. \ A precious stone. 

SXR'DI-US, ) 

SAR-Do'NI-AN, ) a. Sardonian, or sardonic laughter, a 

SAR-DON'IC, \ convulsive involuntary laughter, so 
called from the herba sardonia, a species of ranunculus, 
which is said to produce such convulsive motions in the 
cheeks and lips as are observed during a fit of laughter. 

SAR-DON'IC, a. Denoting a kind of linen made at Colcliis. 

* SaR'DO-NYX, 71. [L. sardomjches, from Gr. capoovv^, 
from Sardis.] A silicious stone or gem, nearly allied to 
carnelian. 

SAR'GUS, 71. A fish of the Mediterranean. 

t SARK, n. [Sax. syrc] 1. In Scotland, a shirt. 2. A 

shark. 
SAR'LAC, 71. The grunting ox of Tartary. 



I 



See Synopsis. A E, r, O, U, "?, long.—F^R, FALL, WHAT — PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete. 



SAT 



723 



SAU 



SAR-Ma'TIAN, I a. Pertaining to Sarmatia and its inliab- 

SAR-MATI€, i itants. 

SAR-MENT'OUS, a. [L. sarmentosus.'] A sarmentous stem, 
in botany, is one that is filiform and almost naked. 

SARN, 11. A British word for pavement or stepping-stones. 

SA-R0N'1€, a. Denoting a gulf of Greece between Attica 
and Sparta. D\inville. 

SAR'PLAR, n. A sarplar of wool is a sack containing 80 
tod ; a tod contains two stone of 14 pounds each. 

SAR'FLI-ER, 71. [Fr. serpilli^e.] Canvass, or a packing- 
cloth. Baileij. 

SAR'SA, ) n. A plant, a species of smilax, 

SaR-SA-PA-RIULA, \ valued in medicine. 

SARSE, n. [qu- sarcenet, or Fr. sas.] A fine sieve ; usu- 
ally written searce, or searse. [Little used.] 

SARSE, V. t. To sift through a sarse. [Little used.] 

SART, n. A piece of woodland turned into arable. 

SAR-To'RI-US, n. [L. sartor.] The muscle which serves 
to throw one leg across the other, called the tailor's 
muscle. 

SASFI, n. [Ar.] 1. A beU worn for ornament. 2. The 
frame of a window in which the lights or panes of glass 
are set. 

SASH'OON, 78. A kind of leather stufiing put into a boot 
for the wearer's ease. Ainsworth. 

SAS'SA-FRAS, n. [L. sazifraga.] A tree of the genus 
laurus, whose bark has an aromatic smell and taste. 

SASSE, n. [D. sas.] A sluice, canal or lock on a navigable 
river ; a word found in old British statutes. Todd. 

SAS'SO-LIN, ) n. Native boracic acid, found in saline in- 

SAS'SO-LINE, \ crustations on the borders of hot springs 
near Sasso. 

SAS'SO-ROL, I n. A species of pigeon, called rock- 

SAS^O-ROL'LA, ] pigeon. Diet. J\'at. Hist. 

SAS'TRA, n. Among the Hindoos, a sacred book. 

SAT, pret. of sit. 

Sa'TAN, 71. [Heb. ; an adversary.] The grand adversary 
of man ; the devil, or prince of darkness ; the chief of the 
fallen angels. 

SA-TAN'1€, ) a. Having the qualities of Satan ; resem- 

SA-TAN'I-€AL, ) bling Satan ; extremely malicious or 
wicked ; devilish ; infernal. 

SA-TAN'I-CAL-LY, adv. With the wicked and malicious 
jpirit of Satan i diabolically. Hammond. 

Sa'TAN-ISM, n. The evil and malicious disposition of Sa- 
^an ; a diabolical spirit. 

Sa'TAN-IST, n. A very wicked person. [Little itsed.] 

SATCH'EL, n. [See Sachel.] A little sack or bag. 

SATE, V. t. [L. satio ; It. saziare.] To satiate ; to satisfy 
appetite •, to glut; to feed beyond natural desire. 

SaT'ED, pp. Filled ; glutted 3 satiated. 

SaTE'LESS, a. Insatiable ; not capable of being satis- 
fied. 

SAT'EL-LlTE, n. [Fr., It. satellite; 1.. satelles.] 1. A 
secondary planet or moon ; a small planet revolving round 
another. 2. A follower ; an obsequious attendant or de- 
pendent. 

SAT-EL-Ll"TIOUS, a. Consisting of satellites. Cheyne. 

SATIATE, (sa'shate) v.t. [L. satiatus.] 1. To fill; to 
satisfy appetite or desire ; to feed to the full, or to furnish 
enjoyment to the extent of desire. 2. To fill to the extent 
of want. 3. To glut ; to till beyond natural desire. 4. 
To gratify desire to the utmost. 5. To saturate. 

Sa'TIATE, a. Filled to satiety ; glutted. Pope. 

SA-TI-A'TION, n. The state of being filled. Whitaker. 

* SA-Tl'E-TY, n. [Fr. saticte ; I^.satietas.] Properly, full- 
ness of gratification, either of the appetite or any sensual 
desire ; but it usually implies fuliness beyond desire ; an 
excess of gratification which excites wearisomeness or 
loathing ; state of being glutted. 

SAT'IN, n, [Fr. satin; W.sidan.] A species of glossy silk 
cloth, of a thick, close texture. 

SAT-I-NET', 71. 1. A thin species of satin. 2. A particu- 
lar kind of woolen cloth. 

SAT'IN-FLOW-ER, n. A plant of the genus lunaria. 

SAT'IN-SPAR, n. A mineral, fibrous limestone. 

* SAT'lRE, 71. [Fr. satire ; Sp., L. satira.] 1. A discourse 
or poem in which wickedness or folly is exposed with 
severity. 2. Severity of remark. 

SA-TlR'i€, I a. [L. satiricus ; Fr. satirique.] 1. Be- 

SA-TlR'I-€AL, ) longing to satire ; conveying satire. 2. 
Censorious ; severe in language. 

SA-TlR'I-€AL-LY, adv. With severity of remark ; with 
invectives ; with intention to censure. 

SAT'IR-IST, 71. One who writes satire. Granville. 

SAT'IR-iZE, V. t. [Fr. satiriser.] To censure with keen- 
ness or sevexity. Swift. 

SAT'IR-rZED, pp. Severely censured. 

SAT'IR-TZ-ING, ppr. Censuring with severity. 

SAT-IS-F ACTION, 71. [Fr. ; L. satisfactio.] 1. That state 
of the mind which results from the full gratification of 
desire ; repose of mind or contentment with present pos- 
session and enjoyment. 2. The act of pleasing or gratify- 
ing. 3. Repose of the mind on the certainty of any 



thing ; that state which results from relief from suspense, 
doubt or uncertainty: conviction. 4. Gratification; thai 
which pleases. 5. That which satisfies ; amends ; rec- 
ompense ; compensation ; indemnification ; atonement. 
6. Payment ; discharge. 

SAT-IS-F ACTIVE, a. Giving satisfaction. \L.u.] Brown. 

SAT-IS-FACTO-RI-LY, adv. 1. In a manner to give sat- 
isfaction or content. 2. In a manner to impress convic- 
tion or belief. 

SAT-1S-FA€ TO-EI-NESS, 71. The power of satisfying or 
giving content. Boyle. 

SAT-IS-F A€'TO-RY, a. [Fr. satisfactoire ; Sp. satisfac- 
torio.] 1. Giving or producing satisfaction ; yielding ecu- 
tent ; relieving the mind from doubt or uncertainty and 
enabling it to rest with confidence. 2 Making amends, 
indemnification or recompense ; causing to cease from 
claims and to rest content ; atoning. 

SAT'IS-FiED,pp. Having the desires fully gratified; made 
content. 

SAT'IS-Fl-ER, 72. One that gives satisfaction. 

SAT'IS-FY, v.t. [1,. satisfacio ; Fr. satisfaire.] 1. To 
gratify wants, wishes or desires to the full extent ; to 
supply possession or enjoyment till no more is desired. 
2. To supply fully what is necessary and demanded by 
natural laws. 3. To pay to content ; to recompense or 
indemnify to the full extent of claims. 4. To appease by 
punishment. 5. To free from doubt, suspense or uncer- 
tainty ; to cause the mind to rest in confidence by ascer- 
taining the truth. 6. To convince. 7. To pay ; to dis- 
charge. 

SAT'IS-FY, V. i. 1. To give content. 2. To feed or sup- 
ply to the full. 3. To make payment. 

SAT'IS-FY'-ING, ppr. Giving content; feeding or supply- 
ing to the full extent of desire ; convincing ; paying. 

Sa'TIVE, a. [L. sativus.] Sown in gardens. 

SAT'RAP, 7J. In Persia, an aAmixal; more generally, XhQ 
governor of a province. Encyc. 

SAT'RA-PAL, a. Pertaining to a satrap or a satrapy. 

SATRA-PESS, 7!. A female satrap. J\litford. 

SAT'RA-PY, n. The government of a satrap. 

SAT'U-Rx\-BLE, a. That may be saturated ; capable of sat- 
uration. Oreio. 

SAT'U-RANT, a. [L. saturans.] Saturating ; impregnat- 
ing to the full. 

SAT'U-RANT, 71. In medicine, a substance which neutral 
izes the acid in the stomach; an absorbent. 

SAT'U-RATE, v. t. [L. saturo.] 1. To impregnate or 
unite with, till no more can be received. 2. To supply 
or fill to fullness. 

SAT'U-RA-TED, pp. Supplied to fullness. 

SAT'U-RA-TING, ppr. Supplying to fullness. 

SAT-U-Ra'TION, n. In a general sense, a filling or sup- 
ply to fullness. — In chemistry, solution continued till the 
solvent can contain no more. 

SAT'UR-DAY, n. [Sax. Smter-daeg ; D. Saturdag ; Saturn's 
day.] The last day of the week; the day next preceding 
the Sabbath. 

SA-Tu'RI-TY, 71. [L. saturitas.] Fullness of supply; the 
state of being saturated. [Little used.] 

* SAT'URN, '71. [L. Saturnus.] 1. In mythology, one of 
the oldest and principal deities. — 2. In astronomy, one 
of the planets of the solar system, less in magnitude than 
Jupiter, but more remote from the sun. — 3. In the old 
chemistry, an appellation given to lead. — 4. In heraldry, 
the black color in blazoning the arms of sovereign princes. 

SAT-UR-Na'LI-AN, a. [from L. Saturnalia.] 1. Per- 
taining to the festivals celebrated in honor of Saturn. 2 
Loose ; dissolute ; sportive. 

SA-TURN'I-AN, a. In fabulous history, pertaining to Sat- 
urn, whose age or reign, from the mildness and wisdom 
of his government, is called the golden age ; hence, gold 
en ; happy ; distinguished for purity, integrity and sim- 
plicity. 

SAT'UR-NlNE, a. [Fr. saturnien, from L. Saturnus.] 1. 
Supposed to be under the influence of Saturn. 2. Dull, 
heavy ; grave ; not readily susceptible of excitement 
phlegmatic. 

SAT URN-IST, n. A person of a dull, grave, gloomy tem- 
perament. Browne. 

SAT'URN-ITE, n. A metallic substance. 

*Sa'TYR, 7!. [ij. satijrus ; Gr. carvpog.] In mythology, a 

sylvan deity or demi-god. 
SAT-Y-RTA-SIS, 71. [Gr.caTvpiaaii.] Immoderate venere 

al appetite. Coze. 
SA-TYR'I-ON, 71. A plant. Pope. 

SAUCE, 71. [Fr. sauze, or sausse.] 1. A mixture or compo- 
sition to be eaten with food for improving its relish. — 2. 
In JVew England, culinary vegetables and roots eaten 
with flesh.— To serve one the same sauce, is to retaliate 
one injury with another ; [vulgar.] 
SAUCE, V. t. 1. To accompany meat with somethmg to 

■give it a higher relish. 2. To gratify with rich tastes 
3. To intermix or accompany with any thing good, or, 



' See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, DoVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE — € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolett 



SAV 



724 



SAY 



tronically, with any thing bad. 4. To treat with bitter, 
pert or tart language ; [vulgar.] 

SAUCE'-BOX, (saus'-box) n. [from saucy.] A saucy, impu- 
dent fellow. Spectator. 

SAUCE'-PAN, (saus'-pan) n. A small pan for sauce, or a 
small skillet with a long handle, in which sau-ce or small 
things are boiled. 

BAU'CER, 11. [Fr. sauciere, or saussiere.] 1. A small pan 
in which sauce is set on a table. 2. A piece of china or 
t)ther ware, in which a tea-cup or coffee-cup is set. 

SAU'CI-LY, adv. [from saucy.] Impudently, with imperti- 
nent boldness ; petulantly. Addison. 

SAU'CI-NESS, n. Impudence ; impertinent boldness j pet- 
ulance ; contempt of superiors. Dryden. 

SAU'CISSE, I n. [Pr. saucisse.] In mining or gunnery, a 

SAU'CIS-SON, \ long pipe or bag, filled with powder, 
and extending from the chamber of the mine to the en- 
trance of the gallery. 

SAU'CY, a. [from sauce ; L. salsus.] 1. Impudent ; bold 
'to excess 5 rude ; transgressing the rules of decorum ; 
treating superiors with contempt. It expresses more than 
pert ; as, a saucy boy ; a saucy fellow. 2. Expressive of 
impudence. 

SAUL, an old spelling of soul. 

SAUN'CING-BELL. See Sance-bell. 

SAUN'DERS. See Sandal and Sanders. 

*SAUN'TER, (san'ter) v. i. 1. To wander about idly. 2. 
To loiter ; to linger. 

* SAUN'TER-ER, n. One that wanders about idly. 

* SniN'TER-ING, ppr. Wandering about lazily or idly 5 
loitering. 

SAUR, n. Dirt; soil. Grose. 

SAU'RI-AN, a. [Gr. craijpoj.] Pertaining to lizards 5 desig- 
nating an order of reptiles. Ed. Encyc. 

*SAU'SAGE, m. [Yr. saucisse.] The intestine of an animal 
stuffed with minced meat seasoned. 

SAUS'SUR-ITE, n A mineral so named from Saussure. 

SaV'A-BLE, a. Capable of being saved. 

SaV'A-BLE-NESS, n. Capability of being saved. 

SAVAGE, a. [Fr. sauvage ; Arm. savaich ; It. selvaggio ; 
Sp. salvage.] 1. Pertaining to the forest ; wild ; remote 
from human residence and improvements ; uncultivated. 

2. Wild ; untamed. 3. Uncivilized ; untaught ; unpol- 
ished ; rude. 4. Cruel ; barbarous ; fierce ; ferocious ; 
inhuman; brutal. 

SAVAGE, n. 1. A human being in his native state of rude- 
ness ; one who is untaught, uncivilized or without culti- 
vation of mind or manners. 2. A man of extreme, un- 
feeling, brutal cruelty, a barbarian. 3. The name of a 
genus of fierce, voracious flies. 

SAVAGE, V. t. To make wild, barbarous or cruel. [L. u.] 

SAVAGE-LY, adv. In the manner of a savage , cruelly ; 
inhumanly. Shak. 

SAVAGE-NESS, n. Wildness ; an untamed, uncultivated 
or uncivilized state ; barbarism. Hence, 2. Cruelty ; 

SAVA6E-RY, n. 1. Wild growth, as of plants. SAa/;. 2. 

Cruelty ; barbarity. Shah. 
SAVA6-ISM, n. The state of rude, uncivilized men ; 

the state of men in their native wildness and rudeness. 

Walsh. 
SA-VAN'NA, n. [Sp. saiana.] An extensive, open plain or 

meadow, or a plain destitute of trees. 
SAVE,z). t. [Fr. sawver ; L. salvo ; It. salvare ; Sp. salvar.] 

1. To preserve from injury, destruction or evil of any 

kind ; to rescue from danger. 2. To preserve from final 

and everlasting destruction ; to rescue from eternal death. 

3. To deliver ; to rescue from the power and pollution of 
sin. 4. To hinder from being spent or lost. 5. To pre- 
vent. 6. To reserve or lay by for preservation. 7. To 
spare ; to prevent ; to hinder from occurrence. 8. To 
salve ; as, to save appearances. 9. To take or use oppor- 
tunely, so as not to lose. 10. To except; to reserve from 
a general admission or account ; as, " Israel burned none 
of them, save Hazor only." Josh. xi. 

SAVE, V. i. To hinder expense. Bacon. 

SaVE'-ALL, n. [save and all.] A small pan inserted in a 
candlestick to save the ends of candles. Johnson. 

SAVED, ppr. Preserved from evil, injury or destruction ; 
kept frugally; prevented; spared; taken in time. 

SaVE'LIN, 71. A fish of the trout kind. 

S AVER, 71. 1. One that saves, preserves or rescues from 
evil or destruction. 2. One that escapes loss, but without 
gain. 3 One that is frugal in expenses ; an economist. 
TVotton. 

SAVIN, n. [Fr. savinier ; L., Sp. sabina.] A tree or 
shrub. 

SAVING, ppr. 1. Precerving from evil or destruction ; 
hindering from waste or loss ; sparing ; taking or using in 
time. 2. Excepting. 3. a. Frugal; not lavish; avoid- 
ing unnecessary expenses ; economical ; parsimonious. 

4. That saves in returns or receipts the principal or sum 
employed or expended ; that incurs no loss, though not 
gainful, 5. That secures everlasting salvation. 



SAVING, n. 1. Something kept from being expended or 
lost. 2. Exception ; reservation. 

SAVING-LY, adv. 1. With frugality or parsimony. 2. So 
as to be finally saved from eternal death, 

SaVING-NESS, n. 1. Frugality; parsimony; caution 
not to expend money without necessity or use. 2. Ten- 
dency to promote eternal salvation. 

SAVINGS-BANK, n. A bank in which the savings or 
earnings of the poor are deposited and put to interest for 
their benefit. 

SAV'IOR, (sav'yur) n. [Fr, sauveur.] One that saves or 
preserves ; but properly applied only 10 Jesus Christ. 

Sa'VOR, n. [Fr. saveur ; L. sapor.] 1. Taste or odor 
something that perceptibly affects the organs of taste and 
smell. 2. The quality which renders a thuig valuable ; 
the quality which renders other bodies agreeable to the 
taste. — 3. In Scripture, character; reputation. Ex. v. 4 
Cause; occasion. 2 Cor. ii. — Sweet savor, in Scripture, de 
notes that which renders a thing acceptable to God, or his 
acceptance. 

Sa'VOR, v. i. 1^ To have a particular smell or taste. 2 
To partake of the quality or nature of; or to have the ap- 
pearance of. 

SA'VOR, V. t. 1, To like ; to taste or smell with pleasure 
Shak. 2, To like ; to delight in ; to favor. Matt. xvi. 

Sa'VOR-I-LY, adv. 1. With gust or appetite. Dryden. 1 
With a pleasing relish. Dryden. 

SA'VOR-I-NESS, n. Pleasing taste or smell. 

Sa'VOR-LESS, a. Destitute of smell or taste; insipid. 

Sa' VOR-LY, a. Well-seasoned ; of good taste. 

Sa'VOR-LY, adv. With a pleasing relish. Barrow. 

SAVOR-Y, a. Pleasing to the organs of smell or taste. Milton. 

Sa'VOR-Y, n. [Fr. savoree.] A plant of the genus satureia. 

SA-VOY', 71. A variety of the common cabbage, {brassica 
oleracea,) much cultivated for winter use. Ed. Encyc. 

SAW, pret. of see. 

SAW, n. [Sax. saga ; G. s'dge ; D. zaag ; Sw. saga ; Dan. 
'saug.] 1. A cutting instrument, consisting of a blade or 
thin plate of iron or steel with one edge dentated or tooth- 
ed, 2. A saying ; proverb ; maxim ; decree ; [obs. See 
Say.] Shak. 

SAW, V. t. j pret. sawed ; pp. sawed, -or sawn. [G. sagejL ; 
D. zaagen ; Sw. saga ; Dan, sauger ; Norm, segiiar.] 1. 
To cut with a saw ; to separate with a saw. 2 To form 
by cutting with a saw, 

SAW, V. i. 1. To use a saw ; to practice sawing 2. To 
cut with a saw. 3. To be cut with a saw. 

SAW'-DUST, n. Dust or small fragments of wood or stone 
made by the attrition of a saw. Mortimer. 

SAWED, pp. Cut, divided or formed with a saw. 

S A W'ER, 71. One that saws ; corrupted into se.wyer. 

SAW-FISH, 71. A fish of the genus;)?-istis. Encyc. 

SAW'-FLY, n. A genus of flies, (iewiAredo.) Encyc. 

SAW'-PIT, n. A pit over which timber is sawed. 

SAW'-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus serratula. 

SAW'- WREST, 71. An instrument used to wrest or turn 
the teeth of saws a little outwards. 

SAWYER, n. 1. One whose occupation is to saw timber 
into planks or boards, or to saw wood for fuel. — 2. In 
America, a tree, which, being undermined by a current 
of water, and falling into the stream, lies with its 
branches above water, which are continually raised and 
depressed by the force of the current. 

SAX'I-FRAGE, n. [L. saxifraga.] A medicine that has 
the property of breaking or dissolving the stone in the 
bladder.— In botany, a genus of plants of many species. 

SAX-IF'RA-GOUS, a. Dissolving the stone. Broicn. 

SAX'ON, 71. [Sax. seax.] 1. One of the nation or people 
who formerly dwelt in the northern part of Germany, and 
who invaded and conquered England in the fifth and 
sixth centuries. 2. The language of the Saxons. 

SAX'ON, a. Pertaining to the Saxons, to their country, or 
to their language. 

SAX'ON-ISM, 71.- An idiom of the Saxon language. 

SAX'ON-IST, 71. One versed in the Saxon language. 

SaY, v. t. ; pret. and pp. said, contracted from sayed. [Sax 
smgan, sacgan ; G. sagen ; D. zeggen ; Sw. saga.] 1. To 
speak ; to utter in words. It is observable that although 
this word is radically synonymous with speak and tell, 
yet the uses or applications of these words are different. 
Thus we say, to speak an oration, to tell a story ; but in 
these phrases say cannot be used. Yet to say a lesson ia 
good English, though not very elegant. 2. To declare 
Gere, xxxvii. 3. To utter; to pronounce. 4. To utter, 
as a command. 5. To utter, as a promise. Luke xxiii. 
6. To utter, as a question or answer. Mark xi. 7. To af- 
firm ; to teach. Matt. xvii. 8. To confess. Luke xm. 
9. To testify. Acts xxiv. 10. To argue ; to alledge by 
way of argument. 11, To repeat; to rehearse; to recite. 
12. To pronounce ; to recite without singing. 13. To re- 
port ; as in the phrase, it is said. 14, To answer ; to utter 
by way of reply ; to tell, 

SAY, n. [Sax. saga, sagu.] A speech ; something said. 

tSAY,7i. [forassfflT/.] 1. Asample. 2. Trialhy sample. Boyle 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, V, ^, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARtNE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete 



SCA 



725 



SCA 



:SaY, n. [Fr. soie.] A thin silk. 

SaY, I n. In commerce, a kind of serge used for linings, 

SaYE, ) shirts, aprons, &;c. 

SaY'ING, ppr. Uttering in articulate sounds or words; 
speaking ; telling ; relating ; reciting. 

SaY'ING, w. 1 An expression ; a sentence uttered ; a dec- 
laration. 2. A proverbial expression. Milton. 

S€AB, n. [Sax. scceb, sceb ; G. schabe ; Sw. skabb ; Dan. 
sJiab ; L. scabies.] 1. An incrusted substance, dry and 
rough, formed over a sore in healing. 2. The itch or 
mange in horses ; a disease of sheep. 3. A mean, dirty, 
paltry fellow ; [low.] 

SCAB'BARD, n. The sheath of a sword. Dryden. 

S€AB'BARD, v. t. To put in a sheath. 

SCABBED, a. 1. Abounding with scabs ; diseased with 
scabs. 2. Mean ; paltry ; vile ; worthless. 

S€AB'BED-NESS, n. The state of being scabbed. 

S€AB'BI-NESS, n. The quality of being scabby. 

S€AB'BY, a. 1. Affected with scabs ; full of scabs. Dry- 
den. 2. Diseased with the scab or mange ; mangy. Swift. 

S€a'BI-OUS, a. [L. scabiosus.] Consisting of scabs ; rough; 
it^hy; leprous. Arbuthnot. 

SCa'BI-OUS, n. A plant of the genus scabiosa. 

f SCA-BRED'I-TY, «. [L.scabredo,scabrities.] Roughness; 
ruggedness. Bwrton. 

SCa'BROUS, a. [L. scabrosns.] 1. Rough; rugged; hav- 
ing sharp points. 2. Harsh ; unmusical. 

SCa'BROUS-NESS, n. Roughness ; ruggedness. 

SCAB' W6RT, 71. A plant, a species of helenium. i 

SCAD, n. I. A fish, the shad, which see. Careio 2. A 
fish of the genus caranx. 

SCAF'FOLD, n. [Fr. echafaud ; Arm. chafod ; Ir. scafal ; 
It. scafale.] 1. Among builders, an assemblage or struc- 
ture of timbers, boards or planks, erected by the wall of a 
building to support the workmen. 2. A temporary gal- 
lery or stage raised either for shows or spectators. 3. A 
stage or elevated platform for the execution of a criminal. 

SCAF'FOLD, V. t. To furnish with a scaffold ; to sustain ; 
to uphold. 

SCAF'F0LD-A6E, n. A gallery ; a hollow floor. Shale. 

SCAF'FOLD- ING, n. 1. A frame or structure for support 
in an elevated place. 2. That which sustains ; a frame. 
3. Temporary structure for support. 4. Materials for 
scaffolds. 

SCaL'A-BLE, a. That may be scaled. 

SCA-LaDE', n. [Fr. scalade ; Sp. scalado.] A storm or 

SCA-La'DO, \ assault on a fortified place, in which the 
soldiers enter the place by means of ladders. It is writ- 
ten, also, escalade. 

SCA'LA-RY, a. Resembling a ladder; formed with steps. 
[Little used.] 

SCALD, V. t. [It. scaldare j Sp., Port, escaldar ; Fr. echau- 
cier ' ] . To burn or painfully affect and injure by im- 
mersion in or contact with a liquor of a boiling heat, or a 
heat approaching it. 2. To expose to a boiling or violent 
heat over a fire, or in water or other liquor. 

SCALD, n. A burn, or injury to the skin and flesh by hot 
liquor. 

SCALD, n. [qu. Sax. scyll.] Scab; scurf on the head. 

SCALD, a. Scurvy ; paltry ; poor ; as, scald rhymers. 

SCALD, n. [Dan. skialdrer ; Sw. skalla.] Among the an- 
cient Scandinavians, a poet. Mallet. 

SC ALD'ED, pp. Injured by a hot liquor ; exposed to boiling 
lieat. 

SCALD'ER, n. A scald ; a Scandinavian poet. 

SCALD'HE AD, n. A loathsome affection of the head, in 
which it is covered with a continuous scab. 

SCALD'IC, a. Pertaining to the scalds or poets of antiquity ; 
composed by scalds. Warton. 

SCALD'ING, ppr. I. Burning or injuring by hot liquor. 
2." Exposing to a boiling heat in liquor. 

SCALD'ING-HOT, a. So hot as to scald the skin. 

SCALE, 71. [Sax. scale, sceale ; D. sckaaL] 1. The dish 
of a balance ; and, hence, the balance itself, or whole in- 
strument. 2. The sign of the balance or Libra, in the 
zodiac. 3. The small shell or crust which composes a 
part of the covering of a fish ; and, hence, any thin layer 
or leaf exfoliated or separated ; a thin lamina. 4. [L. sea- 
la.] A ladder: series of steps; means of ascending. 5. 
The act of storming a place by mounting the wall on lad- 
ders ; an escalade, or scalade. 6. A mathematical instru- 
ment of wood or metal, on which are marked lines and 
figures for the purpose of measuring distances, extent or 
proportions. 7. Regular gradation ; a series rising by 
steps or degrees like those of a ladder. 8. Any instru- 
ment, figure or scheme, graduated for the purpose of 
measuring extent or proportions. — 9. In music, a gamut; 
a diagram ; or a series of lines and spaces rising one above 
another, on which notes are placed ; or a scale consists 
of the regular gradations of sounds. 10. Any thing grad- 
uated or marked with degrees at equal distances. 

SCALE, V. t. [It. scalare.] 1. To climb, as by a ladder; 
to ascend by steps. 2. [from scale, a balance.] To meas- 
ure ; to compare ; to weigh. 3. [from scale, the covering 



of a fish. J To strip or clear of scales. 4. To take off in 
thin lamms or scales. 5. To pare off a surface.— 6. In the 
J\rorth of England, to spread, as manure or loose sub- 
stances ; also, to disperse ; to waste.— 7. In gunnery, to 
clean the inside of a cannon by the explosion of a small 
quantity of powder. 

SCALE, V. i. To separate and come off in thin layers. 

SCALED, pp. 1. Ascended by ladders or steps ; cleared ot 
scales ; pared ; scattered. 2. a. Having scales like a fish ; 
squamous. 

SCaLE^LESS, a. Destitute of scales. S. M. Mitchill. 

SCA-LeNE', ) a. [Gr. aKaMfog.] A scalene triangle is 

SCA-Lk'NOQS, ) one whose sides and angles are une- 
qual _ 

SCA-LeNE', 7U a scalene triangle. 

SCa'LI-NESS, n. The state of being scaly ; roughness 

SCaL'ING, ppr. 1. Ascending by ladders or steps ; storm 
ing. 2. Stripping of scales. 3. Peeling ; paring. 

SCaL'ING-LAD-DER, n. A ladder made for enabling 
troops to scale a wall. 

SCALL, 71. Scab ; scabbiness leprosy. 

SCALL'ION, a. [It. scalogno ; L. ascalonia ; Fr. echalote.] 
A plant of the genus allium ; a variety of the common on- 
ion, which never forms a bulb at the root. 

SCAL'LOP, 71. 1. A shell-fish, or rather a genus of shell-fish, 
called pecten. 2. A recess or curving of the edge of any 
thing, like the segment of a circle ; written, also, scollop. 

SCAL'LOP, V. t. To mark or cut the edge or border of any 
thing into segments of circles. Gray. 

SCALP, 71. [D. schelp, or schulp ; and L. scalpo.] 1. The 
skin of the top of the head. 2. The skin of the top of the 
head cut or torn off. 

SCALP, V. t. To deprive of the scalp or integuments of the 
head. Sharp. 

SCALPED, pp. Deprived of the skin of the head. 

SCALP'EL, n. [L. scalpellum.] In surgery, a knife used in 
anatomical dissections and surgical operations. 

SCALP'ER, or SCALP'ING-IR-ON, n. An instrument of 
surgery, used in scraping foul and carious bones ; a raspa- 
tory. 

SCALP'ING,ppr. Depriving of the skin of tiie top of the 
head. 

SCaL'Y, a. 1. Covered or abounding with scales ; rough. 
2. Resembling scales, lamina or layers. — 3. In botany, 
composed of scales lying over each other. 

SCAM'BLE, 7J. i. [D. schommelen.] 1. To stir quick ; to be 
busy ; to scramble ; to be bold or turbulent. 2. To shift 
awkwardly. 

SCAM'BLE, V. t. To mangle ; to maul. Mortimer. 

SCAM'BLER, n. A bold intruder upon the generosity or 
hospitality of others. Steevens. 

SCAM'BLING, ppr. Stirring ; scrambling ; intruding. 

SCAM'BLING-LY, adv. With turbulence and noise. 

SCAM'MEL, n. A bird. 

t SCAM-Mo'NI-ATE, a. Made with scammony. 

SCAM'MO-NY, 71. [L. scammonia.] ]. A plant of the genus 
convolvulus. 2. A gum resin, obtained from the plant of 
that name. 

SCAMP'ER, V. i. [D. schampen ; Fr. escamper ; It. scam- 
pare.] To run with speed ; to hasten escape. Addison. 

SCAMP'ER-ING, ppr. Running with speed; hastening in 
flight. 

SCAN, V. t. [Fr. scavder ; Sp. escander ; It. scandire.] 1. To 
examine with critical care ; to scrutinize. 2. To examine 
a verse by counting the feet ; to recite or measure verse 
by distinguishing the feet in pronunciation. 

SCAN'DAL, 71. [Fr. scandale ; It. scandalo ; Sp. escandalo ; 
L. scandalum.] 1. Offense given by the faults of another 
2. Reproachful aspersion ; opprobrious censure ; defama- 
tory speech or report ; something uttered which is false 
and injurious to reputation. 3. Shame ; reproach ; dis- 
grace. 

SCAN'DAL, V. t. 1. To treat opprobriously ; to defame ; to 
asperse; to traduce; to blacken character; [little used,] 
2. To scandalize ; to offend ; [obs.] 

SCAN'DAL-iZE, v.t. [Gr. GKavSaXi^o) ; L. scandaliio; Fr. 
scandaliser.] I. To offend by some action supposed crim 
inal. 2. To reproach ; to disgrace ; to defame. 

SCAN'DAL-TZED, pp. Offended ; defamed ; disgraced. 

SCAN'DAL-lZ-ING, ppr. Giving offense to ; disgracing. 

SCAN'DAL-OUS, a. [It. scandaloso ; Sp. escandaloso ; Fr. 
scandaleux.] 1. Giving offense. 2. Opprobrious ; dis- 
graceful to reputation ; that brings shame or infamy. 3. 
Defamatory. 

SCAN'DAL-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Shamefully ; in a manner to 
give offense. 2. Censoriously ; with a disposition to find 
fault. 

SCAN'DAL-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being scandalous ; 
the quality of giving offense, or of being disgraceful. 

SCAN'DA-LUM MAG-NA'TUM. In law, a defamatory 
speech or writing made or published to the injury of a 
person of dignity. 

SCAND'ENT,a. [L.scandens.] Climbing, either with spiral 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK DoVE ;—pjJLL, UNITE -.CasK; 6 asJ ; SasZ; CHasSH ; THas in «Ais. j Obsolete 



SCA 



7*416 



SCA 



tendrils for its support, or by adhesive fibres, as a stalk ; 
climbing ; performing the office of a tendril, as a petiole. 

SCANNED, fp. Critically sifted or examined ; resolved into 
feet in recital. 

SCAN'NING, ppr. Critically examining ; resolving into feet, 
as verse. 

SCAN'SION, n. The act of scanning. Percy. 

SCANT, V. t. [Dan. skaanet.'] To limit; to straiten. 
Dryden. 

SCANTi V. i. To fai! or become less ; as, the wind scants. 

SCANT, a. 1. Not full, large or plentiful ; scarcely suffi- 
cient ; rather less than is wanted for the purpose. 2. 
Sparing ; parsimonious ; cautiously affijrding ; [obs.] 3. 
Not fair, free or favorable for a ship's course. 

t SCANT, adv. Scarcely ; hardly ; not quite. Camden. 

I SCANT, n. Scarcity. Care^c. 

SCANT'I-LY, adv. 1. Not fully ; not plentifully. 2. Spar- 
ingly ; niggardly ; [unusual.] 

SCANT'I-NESS, n. 1. Narrowness ; want of space or com- 
pass. Dryden. 2. Want of amplitude, crreatness or abun- 
dance ; limited extent. 3. Want of fullness ; want of 
sufficiency. 

SCAN'TLE, V. t. To be deficient ; to fail. Drayton. 

SCAN'TLE, V. i. To divide into thin or small pieces ; to 
shiver. Chesterfield. 

t SCANT'LET, n. A small pattern ; a small quantity. 

SCANT'LING, n. [Fr. echantillon ; Sp. escantillon ; Port. 
escantilham.] 1. A pattern ; a quantity cut for a particu- 
lar purpose. 2. A small quantity ; as, a scantling of wit. 
3. A certain proportion or quantity. — 4. In the United 
States, timber sawed or cut into pieces of a small size, as 
for studs, rails, &c. — 5. In seamen's language, the dimen- 
sions of a piece of timber, with regard to its breadth and 

T SCANT'LING, a. Not plentiful ; small. Taylor. 

SCANT'LY, adv. 1. Scarcely ; hardly ; [obs.] 2. Not fully 
or sufficiently ; narrowly ; penuriously ; without ampli- 
tude. 

SCANT'NESS, n. Narrowness ; smallness, 

SCANT'Y, a. 1. Narrow ; small ; wanting amplitude or ex- 
tent. 2. Poor ; not copious or full ; not ample ; hardly 
sufficient. 3. Sparing ; niggardly ; parsimonious. 

SCAP'A-ISM, n. [Gr. ff/cairrw.] Among the Persians, a bar- 
barous punishment inflicted on criminals by confining 
them in a hollow tree till they died. 

SCAPE, V. t. To escape ; a contracted word, not now used 
except in poetry, and with a mark of elision. See Escape. 

f SCAPE, n. 1. An escape; [see Escape.] 2. Means of 
escape ; evasion. 3. Freak ; aberration ; deviation. 4. 
Loose act of vice or lewdness. 

SCAPE, n. [L. scapus.] In botany, a stem bearing the fruc- 
tification without leaves, as in the narcissus and hya- 
cinth. 

SCaPE'-GoAT, n. [escape and goat.] In the Jewish ritual, 
a goat which was brought to the door of the tabernacle, 
where the high-priest laid his hands upon him, confessing 
the sins of the people, and putting them on the head of the 
goat ; after which the goat was sent into the wilderness, 
bearing the iniquities of the people. Lev. xvi, 

SCaPE'LESS, a. In botany, destitute of a scape. 

SCaPE'MENT, n. The method of communicating the im- 
p'jlse of The wheels to the pendulum of a clock. 

SCa'PHITE, n. [li. scapha.] Fossil remains of the scapha. 

SCAP'O-LITE, 71. [Gr. (TKanos and \i6os.] A mineral. 

SCAP'TJ-LA, n. [L.] The shoulder-blade. Coze. 

SCAP'U-LAR, a. [L. scapularis.] Pertaining to the shoul- 
der, or to the scapula ; as, the scapidar arteries. 

SCAP'U-LAR, n. 1. In anatomy, the name of two pairs of ar- 
teries, and as many veins. — 2. In ornithology, a feather 
which springs from the shoulder of the wing, and lies 
along the side of the back. 

SCAP'U-LAR, \ n. A part of the habit of certain religious 

SCAP'U-LA-RY, \ orders in the Romish church, consist- 
ing of two narrow slips of cloth worn over the gown. 

SCAR, n. [Fr. escarre ; Arm. scarr, or yscar ; It. escara ; 
Gr e<yx°-9"- ' ^^^- skar.] 1. A mark in the skin or flesh 
of an animal, made by a wound or an ulcer, and remain- 
mg after the wcrund or ulcer is healed. 2. Any mark or 
injury ; a blemish. 3. [L. scarus ; Gr. aKapos.] A fish. 

SCAR, v. t. To mark with a scar. Shak. 

SCAR, v. t. To scare. JVorth of England. 

SCAR'AB, ) n. [L. scarabmis.] A beetle ; an insect of 

SCAR A-BEE. \ the genus scarabmus. 

SCARA-MOTJCH, v. [Fr. escarmouche; It. scaramuccio ; 
Sp. escaramuza.] A buffoon in motley dress. 

SCARCE, a. [It. scarso ; I), schaarsch.] 1. Not plentiful 
or abundant being in small Quantity in proportion to the 
demand. 2 Being few in number and scattered ; rare ; 
uncommon 

SCARCE, I adv. 1. Hardly; scantly. 2. Hardly; with 

SCARCL'LY, \ difficulty. 

SCARCE'NESS, ) n. 1. Smallness of quantity, or smallness 

S€aR'CI-TY, \ in proportion to the wants or demands ; 



deficiency ; defect of plenty ; penury. 2. Rareness , in 
frequency. 

SCARE, v.t. [qu. W esgar; It. scorare.] To fright; to 
terrify suddenly ; to strike with sudden terror. — To scare 
away, to drive away by frightening. 

SCaRE'CRoW, m. [scare and crow.] 1. Any frightful tbmg 
set up to frighten crows or other fowls from corn-fields ; 
hence, any <^hing terrifying without danger ; a vain terror. 
2^ A fowl of the sea-gull kind ; the black-gull. 

SCARED, pp. Frightened ; suddenly terrified. 

t SCaRE'FiRE, n. A fire breaking out so as to frighten 
people. 

SCARF, n.jplu. Scap.fs. [¥x. echarpe ; It. ciarpa ; [Sax 
srearf.] Something that hangs loose upon the shoulders. 

SCAR F, V. t. 1. To throw loosely on. Shak. 2. To dress in 
a loose vesture. Shak. 

SCARF, v.t. [Sw. skarfva; Sp. escarpar.] To join ; to 
piece ; to unite two pieces of timber at the ends, by let- 
ting the end of one into the end of the other, or by laying 
the two ends together and fastening a third piece to both. 

SCARF'SKIN, w. [scarf axiA skin.] The cuticle ; the epider- 
mis ; the outer thin integument of the body. 

SCAR-I-FI-Ca'TION, n. [L. scarificatio.] In surgery, the 
operation of making several incisions in the skin with a 
lancet or other cutting instrument, particularly the cup- 
ping instrument. Encyc. 

SCAR-I-FI-Ca'TOR, n. An instrument used in scarifica- 
tion. 

SCAR'I-Fi-ER, 71. 1 . The person who scarifies. 2. The in- 
strument used for scarifying. 

SCAR'I-F'?, V. t. [Fr. scarifier; L. scarifico.] To scratch 
or cut the skin of an animal, or to make small incisions by 
means of a lancet or cupping instrument, so as to draw 
blood from the smaller vessels without opening a large 
vein. 

SCAR'I-FY-ING, ppr. Making small incisions in the skin 
with an instrument. 

SCa'RI-OUS, a. [Low L. scar'rosus.] In botany, tough, 
thin and semi-transparent, dry and sonorous to the touch, 
as a perianth. 

SCAR-LA-Tl'NA, n. The scarlet fever; called, in popular 
language, the canker rash. 

SCAR-LAT'I-NOUS, a. Of a scarlet cblor ; pertaining to 
the scarlet fever. 

SCAR'LET, n. [Fr. ecarlate ; Arm. scarladd; It. scarlatto , 
Sp. escarlata.] 1. A beautiful bright-red color, brighter 
than crimson. 2. Cloth of a scarlet color. 

SCAR'LET, a. Of the color called scarlet ; of a bright-red 
color. Shak. _ 

SCAR'LET-BfAN, n. A plant ; a red bean. Mortimer. 

SCAR'LET-Pe'VER, n. [L, scarlatina.] A disease in 
which the body is covered with an efflorescence or red 
color, 

SCAR'LET-O AK, n. A species of oak, the quercus coccifera, 
or kermes oak. 

t SCAR'MAGE, ) peculiar modes of spelling skirmish. Spen- 

t SCAR'MOGE, \ ser. 

SCARN, n. [Sax. scearn.] Dung. [JVot in use, or local.] 

SCaRN'-BEE, n. A beetle. [JVot in use, or local.] Ray. 

SCARP, n. [Fr. escarpe; It. scarpa.] In fortification, the 
interior talus or slope of the ditch next the place, at the 
foot of the rampart. 

SCARP, 77. In heraldry, the scarf which military command- 
ers wear for ornament ; borne somewhat like a batoon 
sinister, but broader, and continued to the edges of the 
field. Encyc. ' 

SCa'RUS, 7^. A fish. See Scar. 

SCa'RY, 71. Barren land having only a thin coat of grass 
upon it. [Local.] 

SCAT, 71. A shower of rain ; and hence, scatty, showery. 
Orose. 

SCATCH, n. [Fr. escttcAe.] A kind of horse-bit for bridles 
Bailey. 

SCATCH'ES, 7?,. plu. [Fr. echasses.] Stilts to put the feet in 
for walking in dirty places. Bailey. 

SCATE, n. [D. schaats ; Ice. skid.] A wooden shoe furnish- 
ed with a steel plate for sliding on ice. 

SCATE, V. i. To slide or move on scateg. 

SCATE, n. [Sax. sceadda ; L. squatina.] A fish. 

SCa'TE-BROUS, a. [L. scatebra.] Abounding with springs. 

* SCATH, V. t. [Sax. scathian, sceathian ; D. schaaden.] 
To damage ; to waste ; to destroy. [Little used.] 

* SCATH, n. Damage ; injury ; waste ; harm. [Little used.] 



SCATH'FUL, a. Injurious; harmful; destructive. [L.u.i 

SCATH'LESS, a. Without waste or damage. [Little used.] 
Chaucer. 

SCAT'TER, v.t. [Sax. scateran; h. scateo.] 1. To dis- 
perse ; to dissipate ; to separate or remove things to a dis- 
tance from each other. 2. To throw loosely about ; to 
sprinkle. 3. To spread or set thinly. 

SCAT'TER, V. i. 1. To be dispersed or dissipated. 2. To 
be liberal to the poor ; to be charitable. Prov. xi. 

SCAT'TERED, pp. 1. Dispersed ; dissipated ; thinly spread ; 



See Synopsis. A, E, I 5, tJ, ^, long.— FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD 



t Obsolete. 



SCH 



727 



SCH 



sprinkled or thinly spread over.— 2. In botany, irregular 
in position ; without any apparent regular order. 

S€AT'TERED-LY, adv. In a dispersed manner. 

SCAT'TER-ING, ppr. 1. Dispersing ; spre-Hding thinly ; 
sprinkling. 9. a. Not united ; divided amt»ng maliy. 

S€AT'TER-ING-LY, adv. Loosely ; in a dispersed man- 
ner ; thinly. 

SeAT'TER-LING, n. A vagabond ; one that has no fixed 
liabitation or residence. [Little used.] 

tSCA-Tu'RI-ENT, a. [h. scaturiens.] Springing, as the 
water of a fountain. Diet. 

t S€AT-U-RI6'IN-0US, a. [L. scaturiffo.] Abounding with 
springs. Diet. 

SeAUP, 71. A fowl of the duck kind. Eneyc. 

SCAV'AfiE, 71. [Sax. seeawian.] In aneient customs, a toll 
or duty exacted of merchant-strangers by mayors, sheriffs, 
&c., for goods shown or offered for sale within their pre- 
cincts. 

SeAV'EN-OER. n. [Sax. scafan; G. sehaben.] A person 
whose employment is to clean the streets of a city. 

fSCEL'ER-AT, n. [Fr. ; L. seeleratus.] A villain ; a crim- 
inal. 

SCENE, 71. [Fr. ; L. scena ; Gr. CKfiyn.] 1 . A stage ; the 
theatre or place where dramatic pieces and other shows 
are exhibited. 2. The whole series of actions and events 
connected and exhibited ; or the whole assemblage of ob- 
jects displayed at one view. 3. A part of a play ; a di- 
vision of an act. 4. So much of an act of a play as repre- 
sents what passes between the same persons in the same 
place. 5. The place represented by the stage. 6. The 
curtain or hanging of a theatre adapted to the play. 7. 
The place where any thing is exhibited. 8. Any remark- 
able exhibition. 

SCeN'ER-Y, n. 1. The appearance of a place, or of the va- 
rious objects presented to view ; or the various objects 
themselves, as seen together. 2. The representation of 
the place in which an action is performed. 3. The dispo- 
sition and consecution of the scenes of a play. 4. The 
paintings representing the scenery of a play. 

SCEN'I€, ) a. [L. sceiiicus.'] Pertaining to scenery ; 

S0EN'I-€AL, S dramatic ; theatrical. 

SCEN-0-GRAPH'I€, ) a. Pertaining to scenography ; 

SCEN-0-GRAPH'I-€AL, S drawn in perspective. 

SCEN-0-GRAPH'I-€AL-LY, adv. In perspective. 

SCE-NOG'RA-PHY, 71. [Gr. cKrivri and ypaipia.'] The rep- 
resentation of a body on a perspective plane ; or a descrip- 
tion of it in all its dimensions as it appears to the eye. 

SCENT, 71. [Fr. senteur, from sentir ; L. sentio.] 1. Odor ; 
smell ; that substance which, issuing from a body, affects 
the olfactory organs of animals. 2. The power of smell- 
ing ; the smell. 3. Chase followed by the scent ; course of 
pursuit; track. 

SCENT, v.t.l. To smell ; to perceive by the olfactory or- 
gans. 2. To perfume : to imbue or fill with odor, good or 
bad. 

SCENT'FUL, a. 1. Odorous ; yielding much smell. 2. Of 
quick smell. Browne. 

SCENT'LESS, a. Inodorous; destitute of smell. 

*SKEP'TI€, 71. [Gx.aKt-KTiKos ; Sax. seeawian.] 1. One who 
doubts the truth and reality of any principle or system of 
principles or doctrines.— In philosophy, a Pyn-honist or 
follower of Pyrrho, the founder of a sect of sceptical phi- 
losophers. — 2. In theolofty, a person who doubts the ex- 
istence of God, or the truth of revelation. 

*SKEPiTI€, ) a. \. Doubting ; hesitating to admit the 

* SKEP'TI-€AL, \ certainty of doctrines or principles ; 

doubting of every thing. 2. Doubting or denying the 
truth of revelation. 

* SKEP'TI-CAl^LY, adv. With doubt ; in a doubting man- 

ner. 
SKEP'TI-€AL-NESS, n. Doubt ; pretense or profession of 
doubt. 

* SKEP'TI-CISM, 77. [Fr. scepticisme.] 1. The doctrines and 
opinions of the Pyn-honists or sceptical philosophers ; uni- 
versal doubt.— 2. In theology, a doubting of the truth of 
revelation, or of the existence of God. 

* SKEP'TI-CIZE, V. i. To doubt ; to pretend to doubt of 
every thing. [Little used.] Shaftesbury. 

SCEP'TRE, ) 71. [Fr. sceptre ; L. sceptmm.] 1. A staff or 

SCEPTER, \ batoon borne by kings on solemn occasions, 
as a badge of authority. 2. The appropriate ensign of roy- 
alty ; an ensign of higher antiquity than the crown 3. 
Royal power or authority. 4. A constellation. 

SCEP'TRE, V. t. To invest with royal authority, or with 
the ensign of authority. 

SCEP'TRED, a. Bearing a sceptre. Tickel. 

S€He'DI-ASM, 77. [Gr. (jxs^tacrna.] Cursory writing on a 
loose sheet. 

SCHA'AL-STEIN, or SCaLE'-STONE, n. A rare mineral, 
called, also, tafelspath and tabular spar, 

*SCHED'ULE, 77. [1^. schedula.] 1. A small scroll or piece 
of paper or parchment, containing some writing. 2. A 
piece"of paper or parchment annexed to a larger writing, 



as to a will, a deed, a lease, ice. 3. A piece of paper or 
parchment containing an inventory of goods. 

*S€HED'ULE, v. t. To place in a list or catalogue ; to in- 
ventory. 

SCHEE'LIN, ) 71. A different name of tungsten, a hard, 

5CHF'LI-UM, ] brittle metal. 

SCHEICK, or SCHEIGH, 7i. Among the Arabians and 
Moors, an old man ; and hence, a chief, a lord, a man of 
eminence. SeeSHAiK. 

S€He'MA-TISM, 11. [Gr. axnt^Laricmog.] 1. Combinatior. 
of the aspects of heavenly bodies. 2. Particular form oi 
disposition of a thing ; [little used.] 

S<i)HE MA-TIST, n. A projector ; one who forms schemes. 

SCHEME, 77. [L. schevia ; Gr. axilla.] 1. A plan ; a com 
bination of things connected and adjusted by design ; a 
system. 2. A project ; a contrivance ; a plan of something 
to be done ; a design. 3. A representation of the aspects 
of the celestial bodies ; any lineal or mathematical di- 
agram, 

SCHEME, V. t. To plan ; to contrive. 

SCHEME, V. i. To form a plan ; to contrive. 

SCHeM'ER, n. One that contrives ; a projector ; a con- 
triver. 

SCHeM'ING, ppr. 1. Planning ; contriving. 2. a. Given to 
forming schemes ; artful. 

SCHeM'IST, 77. A schemer ; a projector. Coventry. 

SCHENE, n. [L. schmnos ; Gr. a^oivos.] An Egyptian 
measure of length, equal to sixty stadia, or about 7^ miles. 

SCHe'SIS, 7!. [Gr. a')(^eaig.] Habitude ; general state or dis- 
position of the body or mind. 

SCHIL'LER-SPAR, ti. A mineral. 

SCHISM, (sizm) 77. [L. schisma ; Gr. cr;^i<rjiia.] 1. In a gen 
eral sense, division or separation ; but appropriately, a di- 
vision or separation in a church or denomination of 
Christians. K. Charles. 2. Separation ; division among 
tribes or classes of people . 

* SCHIS-MAT'IC, (siz-mat'ik) } a. Pertaining to 
SCHIS-MAT'I-CAL, (siz-mat'i-kal) \ schism ; implying 

schism ; partaking of the nature of schism ; tending to 
schism. 

* SCHIS-MAT'IC, 77. One who separates from an estab- 
lished church or religious faith, on account of a diversity 
of opinions. 8707/^. 

SCHIS-MAT'I-CAL-LY, adv. In a schismatical manner , 
by separation from a church on account of a diversity of 
opinions. 

SCHIS-MAT'I-€AL-NESS, 77. The state of being schis- 
matical. 

SCHIS'MA-TiZE, v. i. To commit or practice schism ; to 
make a breach of communion in the church. 

SCHISM'LESS, a. Free from schism ; not affected by schism. 
[Little used.] Milton. 

SCHIST. See Shist. 

SCHOL'AR, n. [Low L. scholaris ; Fr. ecolier ; D. school- 
ier ; G. schvlcr.] I. One who learns of a teacher ; one 
who is under the tuition of a preceptor ; a pupil ; a disci- 
ple ; hence, any member of a college, academy or school ; 
applicable to the learner of any art, science or branch of 
literature. 2. A man of letters. Locke — 3. Emphatically 
used, a man eminent for erudition ; a person of high at- 
tainments in science or literature. 4. One that learna 
anything. 5. A pedant ; a man of books. Bacon. 

t S€HO-LAR'I-TY, 71. Scholarship. B.Jonsov. 

SCHOL'AR-LiKE, a. Like a scholar ; becoming a scholar. 
Bacon. 

SCHOL'AR-SHIP, 77. 1. Learning; attainments in science 
or literature. 2. Literary education ; [imusual.] 3» Ex- 
hibition or maintenance for a scholar ; foundation for the 
support of a student. 

SCHO-LAS'TIC, \ a. [L. scholasticws.] 1. Pertaining 

SCHO-LAS'TI-CAL, \ to a scholar, to a school or to 
schools. 2. Scholar-like ; becoming a scholar ; suitable to 
schools. 3. Pedantic ; formal. 

SCHO-LAS'TIC, 77. One who adheres to the method orsub- 
tilties of the schools. Milton^ 

SCHO-LAS'TI-CAL-LY, adv. In the manner of schools , 
according to the niceties or method of the schools. 

SCHO-LAS'TI-CISM, 77. The method or subtilties of the 
schools. Warton. 

SCHo'LI-AST, 77. [Gr. cxo^iaarrti.] A commentator 01 
annotator ; one who writes notes upon the works of an 
other for illustrating his writings. 

t SCHo'LI-AZE, V. i. To write notes on an author's works 

t SCHo'LI-CAL, a. Scholastic. Hales. 

SCHo'LI-UM, 77.,- plu. Scholia, or Scholiums. [L. schc- 
lion ; Gr. axo^iov.] In mathematics, a remark or observa- 
tion subjoined to a demonstration. 

t SCHo'LY, 71. A scholium. Hooker. 

t SCHo'LY, V. i. To write comments. Hooker. 

SCHOOL, 77. [L. schola ; Gr. axo'>^r! ; G. scMile ; D. skole ; 
Sw. skola ; Arm. scol ; Fr. ecole ; It. scuola ; Sp. escuelaj 
Port, escola.] 1. A place or house in which persons are 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.-^€ as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z • ^H as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



SCI 



728 



SCO 



instructed in arts, science, languages or any species of learn- 
ing ; or the pupils assembled for instruction. — In Ameri- 
can usage, school more generally denotes the collective 
body of pupils in any place of instruction, and under the 
direction and discipline of one or more teachers. 2. The 
instruction or exercises of a collection of pupils or stu- 
dents, or the collective body of pupils while engaged in 
their studies. 3. The state of instruction. 4. A place of 
education, or collection of pupils, of any kind. 5. Sepa- 
rate denomination or sect ; or a system of doctrine taught 
by particular teachers, or peculiar to any denomination of 
Christians or philosophers. 6. The seminaries for teach- 
ing logic, metaphysics and theology, [school diviidty,] 
wiiicb were formed in the middle ages, and which were 
characterized by academical disputatious and subtilties of 
reasoning ; or the learned men who were engaged in dis- 
cussing nice points in metaphysics or theology. 7. Any 
place of improvement or learning. 

SCHOOL, V. t. 1. To instruct ; to train ; to educate. 2. To 
teach with superiority ; to tutor ; to chide and admonish ; 
to reprove. 

SCHOOL'-BOY, n. A boy belonging to a school, or one 
who is learning rudiments. Swift. 

S€HOOL'-DAME, n. The female teacher of a school. 

1 SCHOOL'-DAY, n. The age in which youth are sent to 
school. Shak. 

SCHOOL'-DIS-TRICT, n. A division of a town or city for 
establishing and conducting schools. U. States. 

t SCHOOL'ER-Y, n. Something taught ; precepts. Spenser. 

SCHOOL'-FEL-LoW, n. One bred at the same school ; an 
associate in school. Locke. 

SCHOOL'-HOUSE, n. A house appropriated for the use of 
schools, or for instruction. 

SCHOOL'ING, jj/jr. Instructing ; teaching; reproving. 

SCHOOL'ING, n. 1. Instruction in school ; tuition. 2. 
Compensation for instruction ; price or reward paid to 
an instructor for teaching pupils. 3. Reproof; repri- 
mand. 

SCHOOL'MaID, 71. A girl at school. Shak. 

SCHOOL'MAN, m. 1. A man versed in the niceties of aca- 
demical disputation or of school divinity. 2. A writer of 
scholastic divinity or philosophy. 

SCHOOL'MaS-TER, u. 1. The man who presides over 
and teaches a school ; a teacher, instructor or preceptor 
_of a school. 2. He or that which disciplines, instructs and 
leads. 

SCHOOL'MIS-TRESS, n. A woman who governs and 
teaches a school. Oay. 

SCHOON'ER, 71. [G. sckoner.] A vessel with two masts. 

SCHORL. See Shorl. 

SCl-A-GRAPH'I-CAL, a. Pertaining to sciagraphy. 

SCl-AG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. (XKiaypa(l>ia.'} I. The art of 
sketching or delineating. — 2. In architecture, the profile 
or section of a building to exhibit its interior structure. — 
3. In astronomy, the art of finding the liour of the day or 
night by the shadows of objects, caused by the sun, moon 
or stars ; the art of dialing. 

SCI-A-THER'IC, \ a. [Gr. aKia and drjpa.] Belonging 

SCl-A-THERT-CAL, \ to a sun-dial. [Little used.] 

SCI-A-THER'I-CAL-LY, adv. After the manner of a sun- 
dial. 

SCI-AT'I€, or SCT-AT'I-€A, n. [L. sciatica.] Rheumatism 
in the hip. Coxe. 

SCI-AT'IC, I a. 1, Pertaining to the hip. 2. Affecting 

SCl-AT'I-CAL, i the hip. 

SCl'ENCE, 71. [Fr. ; L. scientia.] I. In a general sense, 
knowledge, or certain knowledge ; the comprehension or 
understanding of truth orfacts by the mind. — 2. In philoso- 
phy, a collection of the general principles or leading truths 
relating to any subject. 3. Art derived from precepts or 
built on principles. 4. Any art or species of knowledge. 
5. One of the seven liberal branches of knowledge, viz. 
grammar, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy 
and music. Johnson. — Authors have not always been 
careful to use the terms art and science with due discrim- 
ination and precision. Music is an art as well as a sci- 
ence. In general, an art is that which depends on prac- 
tice or performance, and science that which depends on ab- 
stract or speculative principles. The theory of music is a 
science ; the practice of it an art. 

tSClENT, a. [L. sciens.] Skillful. Cockeram. 

SCl-EN'TIAL, a. Producing science. Milton. 

SCl-EN-TlF'ie, \ a. [Fr. scientifique ; It. scientijico ; 

SCI-EiV-TIF'I-CAL, \ Sp. cientifico.] 1. Producing cer- 
tain knowledge or demonstration. 2. According to the 
; tiles or principles of science. 3. Well versed in science. 

SCT-SN-TIF'I-CAL-LY, ado. 1. In such a manner as to 
produce knowledge. 2. According to the rules or princi- 
ples of science. 

SCILLI-TIX,7i. A white, transparent, acrid substance, ex- 
tra(.ted from squills by Vogel. Ure. 

SCIM'I-TAR. See Ci miter. 

SCINK, 71. A cast calf. [J^oiin use, or local.] Ainsworth. 



SCIN'TIL-LANT, a. Emitting sparks or fine igneous pai- 

ticles ; sparkling. 
SCIN'TIL-LATE, v. i. [L. sdntillo.] 1. To emit sparks 

or fine igneous particles. 2. To sparkle, as the fixed 

stars. 

SCIN'TIL-LA-TING, ppr. Emitting sparks ; sparkling. 

SCIN-TIL-La'TION, n. The act of emitting sparks or ig 
neons particles ; the act of sparkling. Brown. 

SCl'O-LlSM, 71. Superficial knowledge. Brit. Critic. 

SCl'0-LIST, n. [L. sciolus.] One who knows little, or who 
knows many things superficially ; a smatterer. 

SCl'0-LOUS, a. Superficially or imperfectly knowing. 

* SCI-OM'A-CHY, 7i. [Gx.cKLaa.nA.y.u'x;!]-] A battle with a ' 
shadow. [Little used.] Cowley. 

SCION. SeeCioN. 

SCl-OP'Tie, a. [Gr. cicia and onro/zai.] Pertaining to the 
camera obscura, or to the art of exhibiting images through 
ahole in a darkened room. Bailey. 

SCT-OP'Tie, 71. A sphere or globe with a lens made to turn 
like the eye. 

SCl-OP'TICS, 71. The science of exhibiting images of ex- 
ternal objects, received through a double convex glass 
into a darkened room. 

SCI'RE Fa'CIAS, n. [L.] In law, a judicial writ summon- 
ing a person to show cause to the court why something 
should not be done. Blackstone. 

SCl'ROC, ) n. [It. scirocco.] In Italy, a south-east 

SCi-ROC'CO, \ wind ; a hot, suffocating wind, blowing 
from the burning deserts of Africa. 

SeiR-ROS'I-TY, 71. An induration of the glands. 

SCIR'ROUS, a. 1. Indurated ; hard ; knotty ; as a gland. 
2. Proceeding from scirrus. 

SCIR'RUS, 71. [It. scirro ; Sp. escirro ; L. scirrvs ; Gr. 
uKippoi.] In surgery and medicine, a hard tumor on any 
part of the body, usually proceeding from the induration 
of a gland, and often terminating in a cancer. 

SCIS-CI-Ta'TION, 71. [1,. sciscitor.] The act of inquiring ; 
inquiry ; demand. [Little used.] Hall. 

SCIS'SI-BLE, a. [L. scissus, scindo.] Capable of being cut 
or divided by a sharp instrument. Bacon. 

SCIS'SILE, a. [L. scisdlis.] That may be cut or divided by 
a sharp instrument. Arbuthnot. 

SCIS'SION, (sizh'un) n. [Fr.; L. scissio.] The act of cut- 
ting or dividing by an edged instrument. Wiseman. 

SCIS'SORS, (siz'zurz) n. plu. [L. scissor.] A cutting in- 
strument resembling shears, but smaller, consisting of two 
cutting blades movable on a pin in the centre, by which 
they are fastened. 

SCIS'SURE, (sizh'ur)??. [L. scissura,] A Ion gitudinral open- 
ing in a body, made by cutting. 

SCl-TA-MIN'E-OUS, a. Belonging to the scitaminece, one of 
Linne's_ natural orders of plants. Asiat. Res. 

SCLA-Vo'NI-AN, I a. [Sclavi.] Pertaining to the Sclavi, 

SLA-VON'ie, \ or to their language. 

SCLE-ROT'IC, a. [Gr. o-/cX?7poj.] Hard i firm. 

SCLE-ROT'ie, n. 1. The firm, white, outer coat of the eye 
2. A medicine which hardens and consolidates the parts 
to which it is applied. 

SCOAT. See Scot. 

SCOB'I-FORM, a. [1.. scobs, and form.] Having the form 
of saw-dust or raspings. 

SCOBS, 71. [L.] Raspings of ivory, hartsliorn or other hard 
substance ; dross of metals, &c. Chambers. 

SCOFF, 7J. i. [Gr. (XKUTTTU).] To treat with insolent ridicule, 
mockery or contumelious language ; to manifest contempt 
by derision ; with at. 

SCOF'F, v. t. To treat with derision or scorn. Fotherby. 

SCOFF, n. Derision, ridicule, mockery or reproach, ex- 
pressed in language of contempt ; expression of scorn or 
contempt. 

SCOFF'ER, n. One who scoffs ; one that mocks, derides or 
reproaches in the language of contempt ; a scorner. 

SCOFF'ING, ppr. Deriding or mocking ; treating with re- 
proachful language. 

SCOFF'ING-LY, adv. In mockery or contempt ; by way of 
derision. Broome. 

SCoLD, V. i. [D. schelden ; G. schelten.] To find fault or 
rail with rude clamor ; to brawl ; to utter railing, or harsh, 
riide, boisterous rebuke ; with at. 

SCoLD, V. t. To chide with rudeness and boisterous clam- 
or ; to rate. Boswell. 

SCoLD, n. 1. A rude, clamorous, fonl-mouthed woman 
Swift. 2. A scolding ; a brawl. 

SCoLD'ER, 71. One that scolds or rails. 

SCoLD ING, ppr. 1. Railing with clamor ; uttering le 
buke in rude and boisterous language. 2. a. Given to 
scolding. 

SCoLD'ING, 71. The uttering of rude, clamorous language 
by way of rebuke or railing ; railing language. 

SCoLD'ING-LY, adv. With rude clamor or railing. 

SCOL'LOP, 71. 1. A pectinated shell ; [see Scallop.] 2. 
An indenting or cut like those of a shell. 

SCOL'LOP, V. t. To form or cut with scollops. 



St. Synopsis. A 1, T, O, U,1r, long.— FAB., FA.L1., WH-^T ;— PRSY j— PIN, MARINE, BiRDj— f Obsolete, 



SCO 



729 



SCO 



S€OL-0-PEN'DRA, ». [Gr. axoXoirevSpa.] 1. A venom- 
ous serpent. 2. A genus of insects. 3. [L. scolopendri- 
um.] A plant. 

I SeOMM, n. [L. scomma.] 1. A buffoon. 2. A flout ; a 
jeer. 

SCONCE, n. [D. schans ; G. schanze ; D. skands,] 1. A 
fort or buiwark ; a work for defense ; [obs^] 2. A hang- 
ing or projecting candlestick, generally with a mirror to 
reflect the light. 3. The circular tube with a brim in a 
candlestick, into which the candle is inserted. 4. A fix- 
ed seat or shelf j [local.] 

SCONCE, 71. [Dan. skwnner, skiiinsom.] 1. Sense; judg- 
ment ; discretion or understanding. 2. The head ; [a 
.ow word.'] 3. [qu. poll-tax.] A mulct or fine. 

T SCONCE, V. t. To mulct ; to fine. Warton. 

SCOOP, n. [H.schop; G. schuppe, schupp.] 1. A large la- 
dle ; a vessel with a long handle fastened to a dish, used 
for dipping liquors ; also, a little hollow piece of wood for 
bailing boats. 2. An instrument of surgery. 3. A sweep 3 
a stroke ; a swoop. 

SCOOP, v.t. 1. To lade out ; properly, to take out with a 
scoop or with a sweeping motion. 2. To empty by la- 
ding. 3. To make hollow, as a scoop or dish ; to excavate. 
4. To remove, so as to leave a place hollow. 

SCOOPED, pp. Taken out as with a scoop or ladle; hol- 
lowed ; excavated ; removed so as to leave a hollow. 

SCOOP'ER, n. One that scoops ; also, a water-fowl. 

SCOOP'ING, ppr. Lading out; making hollow; excavat- 
ing ; removing so as to leave a hollow. 

SCOOP'-NET, 71. A net so formed as to sweep the bottom 
of a river. 

SCOPE, n. [L. Scopus ; Gr. ckoitos.] 1. Space ; foom ; am- 
plitude of intellectual view. 2. The limit of intellectual 
view ; the end or thing to which the mind directs its 
view ; that which is purposed to be reached or accom- 
plished ; hence, ultimate design, aim or purpose ; inten- 
tion ; drift. 3. Liberty ; freedom from restraint ; room 
to move in. 4. Liberty beyond just limits ; license. 5. 
Act of riot ; sally ; excess ; [obs.] Shak. 6. Extended 
quantity ; [obs.] Davies. 7. Length ; extent ; sweep. 
Mar. Language, 

SCo'PI-FORM, a. [L. scopa, and form.] Having the form 
of a broom or besom. Kirwan. 

t SCOP'PET, V. t. To lade out. Bp. Hall. 

JSCOP'TIC, ) a. [Gi. or/cwTTTtKos.] Scofiing. Ham- 

t SCOP'TI-CAL, S -rnond. 

tSCOP'LT-LOUS, a. [L. scopulosus.] Full of rocks; rocky, 

t SCOR'BUTE, n. [L. scorbutics.] Scurvy. Purchas. 

SCOR-BtJ'TIC, \ a. [Fr. scorbvMque.] 1. Affected or 

SCOR-Bu'TI-CAL, \ diseased w^th scurvy. 2. Pertain- 
ing to scurvy, or partaking of its nature. 3. Subject to 
scurvy. 

SCOR-BtJ'TI-CAL-LY, adv. With the scurvy, or with a 
tendency to it. 

SeORCE. See Scorse. 

SCORCH, V. t. [D. schreeijen, schrooken.] 1. To burn su- 
perficially ; to subject to a degree of heat that changes 
the color of a thing, or both the color and texture of 
the surface. 2. To burn ; to affect painfully with heat. 

SCORCH, V. i. To be burnt on the surface ; to be parclied ; 
to be dried up. Mortimer. 

SCORCHED, pp. Burnt on the surface ; pained by heat. 

SCORCH'ING, ppr. Burning on the surface; paining by 
heat. 

SCORCH'ING-FEN-NEL, n. A plant of the genus thapsia ; 
deadly carrot. Lee. 

SCOR'DI-UM, n. [L.] A plant, the water-germander. 

SCORE, n. [Ir. scor, sgoram ; Sax. scor.] 1. A notch or 
incision ; the number twenty. 2. A line drawn. 3. An 
account or reckoning. 4. An account kept of something 
past ; an epoch ; an era. 5. Debt, or account of debt. 6. 
Account; reason; motive. 7. Account; sake. — 8. Inmzt- 
sic, the original and entire draught of any composition, or 
its transcript. — To quit scores, to pay fully ; to make even 
by giving an equivalent. — A song in score, the words with 
the musical ncles of a song annexed. 

SCORE, V. t. 1. To notch ; to cut and chip for the purpose 
of preparing for hewing. 2. To cut ; to engrave. 3. To 
mark by a line. 4. To set down as a debt. 5. To set 
down or take as an account ; to charge. 6. To form a 
scf>re in music. 

SCORED, ;jp. Notched ; set down ; marked ; prepared for 
hewing. — In botamj, a scored stem is marked with parallel 
lines or grooves. 

SCo'RI-A, n. [L.] Dross ; the recrement of metals in 
fusion, or the mass produced by melting metals and ores. 

SeO-RT-A'CEOUS, a. Pertaining to dross ; like dross or 
the recrement of metals ; partaking of the nature of sco- 
ria. 

SCOR-I-FI-Ca'TION, 71. In metallurgy, the act or opera- 
tion of reducing a body, either wholly or in part, into 
scoria. 

SCS'RI-FiED. pp. Reduced to scoria. 



SCo'RI-FORM, a. [L. scoria, and form.] Like scoria-, in 
the form of dross. Kirwan.] 

SCo'RI-F5^, V. t. To reduce to scoria or drossy matter. 

SCO'RI-F?-ING, ppr. Reducing to scoria. 

SCoR'ING, ppr. Notching ; marking ; setting down as an 
account or debt ; forming a score. 

SCO'RI-OUS, a. Drossy ; recrementitious. Brown. 

SCORN, n. [Sp. escarnio; Port, escarneo.] 1, Extreme 
contempt ; that disdain which springs from a person's 
opinion of the meanness of an object, and a consciousness 
or belief of his own superiority or worth. 2. A subject 
of extreme contempt, disdain or derision ; that which is 
treated with contempt. — To think scorn, to disdain; to 
despise; [obs.] Sidney. — To laugh to scorn, to deride ; to 
make a mock of; to ridicule as contemptible. 

SCORN, V. t. 1. To hold in extreme contempt ; to despise ; 
to contemn ; to disdain. Job. xvi. 2. To think unwor- 
thy ; to disdain. 3. To slight ; to disregard ; to neglect. 

f SCORN, V. i. To scorn at, to scoff at ; to treat with con- 
tumely, derision or reproach. Shak. 

SCORNED, pp. Extremely contemned or despised ; dis- 
dained. 

SCORN'ER, n. 1. One that scorns ; a contemner; a despiser. 
2. A scoffer; a derider; in Scripture, one who scoffs at 
religion. 

SCORN'FUL, a. 1. Contemptuous; disdainful; entertain- 
ing scorii ; insolent. 2. Acting in defiance or disregard. 
— 3. In Scripture, holding religion in contempt. 

SCORN'FIJL-LY, adt). With extreme contempt ; contemp- 
tuously ; insolently. Atterbury. 

SCORN'FUL-NESS, n. The quality of being scornful. 

SCORN'ING, ppr. Holding in great contempt ; despising ; 
disdaining. 

SCORN'ING, n. The act of contemning; a treating with 
contempt, slight or disdain. 

SCOR'PI-ON, 71. [Fr.; L. scorpio.] 1. ^n zoology, an insect 
of the genus scorpio, or rather the genus itself, containing 
several species, natives of southern or warm climates, 
having a venomous sting. — 2. In Scripture, a painful 
scourge ; a kind of whip armed with points like a scor- 
pion's tail. 1 Kin^s xii, — 3. In astronorny, the eighth sign 
of the zodiac, which the sun enters Oct. 23. 4. [L. scor- 
pius.] A sea fish. Ainsworth. — W^ater-scorpioTi, an aquatic 
insect of the genus nepa. 

SCOR'PI -ON-FLY, 71. An insect of the genus jja7ior7ta, hav- 
ing a tail which resembles that of a scorpion 

SCOR'PI-ON-GRaSS, or SCOR'PI-ON'S TaIL,7i. A plant 
of the genus scorpiurus. 

SCOR'PI-ON-SEN-NA, n. A plant. 

SCOR'PI-ON'S-THORN, 71. A plant of the genus ulex. 

SCOR'PI-ON-WORT, n. A plant Parr. 

f SCORSE, 71. [It. scorsa.] A course or dealing ; barter. 

t SCORSE, V. t. 1. To chase. 2. To barter or exchange 

t SCORSE, V. i. To deal for the purchase of a horse. 

SCORT'A-TO-RY, a. [L. scortator.] Pertaining to or con- 
sisting in lewdness. 

SCOR'ZA, 71. In mineralogy, a variety of epidote. 

SCOT, or SCOTCH, v. t. To support, as a wheel, by pla- 
cing some obstacle to prevent its rolling. 

SCOT, 71. [Sax. sceat ; Ice. skot ; D. schot ; Fr. ecot; It. 
scotto ; Sp. escote.] In law and English history, a portion 
of money, assessed or paid ; a tax.— Scoi and lot, parish 
payments. When persons were taxed unequally, they 
were said to pay scot and lot. 

SCOT, 71. [Sax. scotta, scotte.] A native of Scotland. 

SCOT'AL, ) 71. [scot and ale.] In law, the keeping of 

SCOT'ALE, ) an alehouse by the officer of a forest, and 
drawing people to spend their money for liquor, for fear 
of his displeasure. 

SCOTCH, a. Pertaining to Scotland or its inhabitants. 

SCOTCH. See Scot, the verb. 

t SCOTCH, V. t. [qu. Sax. sceadan.] To cut with shallow 
incisions. Shak. 

SCOTCH, n. A slight cut or shallow incision. Shak. 

Si-'OTPPTT'— ^OT T OPS ) 

SCOTCHED-COL-LOPS, 1 ^- ^^^^ ^"^ '"^^ ^""^^ P^^*=«^- 

SCOTCH'-HOP-PER, 71. A play in which boys hop over 
scotches or lines in the ground. Locke. 

SCo'TER, 71. The black diver or duck, a species of anas. 

SCOT'FREE, a. 1. Free from payment or scot; untaxed. 
2. Unhurt ; clear ; safe. 

SCo'TIA, 71. In architecture, a semicircular cavity or chan- 
nel between the tores in the bases of columns. 

SCOT'ISH, ) a. Pertaining to the inhabitants of Scotland, 

SCOT'TISH, \ or to their country or language. 

SCo'TIST, n. [from Duns Scotus.] One of the followers 
of Scotus, a sect of school divines. 

SCOT'O-MY, n. [Gr. GKorwfja.] Dizziness or swimming of 
the head, with dimness of sight. 

SCOT'TER-TNG, n. A provincial word in Herefordshire, 
England, denoting the burning of a wad of pease-straw 
at the end of harvest. .Tohnson. 

SCOT'TI-CISM, 71. An idiom or peculiar expression of the 
natives of Scotland. Beattie. 



*Sce Synops-J. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; C as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



SCR 



730 



SCR 



ri€OT'TISU, See Scotish. 

SeOUN'DEEL, n. [said to be from It. scondaruole.] A 
mean, worthless fellow ; a rascal ; a low, petty villain ; a 
man without honor or virtue. Pope. 

SCOLTN'DREL, a. Low; base; mean; unprincipled. 

SeOUN'DREL-ISM, n. Baseness; turpitude; rascality. 
Cotgrave 

S€OUR, V, t. [Goth, skauron ; Sax. scur ; D. schuuren ; G. 
scheuern ; Dan. skurer.] 1. To rub hard with something 
rough, for the purpose of cleaning. 2. To clean by fric- 
tion ; to make clean or bright. 3. To purge violently. 4. 
To remove by scouring. 5. To range about for taking all 
that can be found. 6. To pass swiftly over; to brush 
along. 

S€OUR, V. i. 1. To perform the business of cleaning ves- 
sels by rubbing. 2. To clean. 3. To be purged to excess. 

4. To rove or range for sweeping or taking something. 

5. To run with celerity ; to scamper. 

SCOURED, pp. Rubbed with something rough, or made 
clean by rubbing ; severely purged ; brushed along. 

SeOUR'ER, 71. 1. One that scours or cleans by rubbing. 2. 
A drastic cathartic. 3. One that runs with speed. 

SCoURGE, (skurj) n. [Fr. escourgee ; It. scweggia.'] 1. A 
whip ; a lash consisting of a strap or cord ; an instrument 
of punishment or discipline. 2. A punishment ; vindic- 
tive affliction. 3. He or that which greatly afflicts, harass- 
es or destroys ; particularly, any continued evil or calam- 
ity. 4. A whip for a top. 

Se6UR6E, (skurj) v. t. [It. scoreggiare.] To whip 
severely; to lash. 2. To punish with severity; to 
chastise ; to afflict for s-ins or faults, and with the purpose 
of correction. 3. To afflict greatly ; to harass, torment or 
injure. 

SeoURGED, (skurjd) pp. Whipped; lashed; punished 
severely ; harassed. 

S€oURG'ER, (skurj'er) n. One that scourges or punishes; 
one that afflicts severely. 

SeoURG'ING, p2)r. Whipping; lashing with severity; 
punisliing or afflicting severely. 

SeOUR'ING, ppr. Rubbing hard with something rough. 

SeOUR'Ii\G, 71. A rubbing hard lor cleaning ; a cleansing 
by a drastic purge ; looseness ; flux. Bacon. 

SeOURSE. SeeScoRSE. 

S€O0T, n. [Fr. ecout, ecouter ; It. scolta, scoltare ; L. 
ausculto.l 1. In "military affairs, a. person sent before an 
army, or to a distance, for the purpose of observing the 
motions of an enemy or discovering any danger, and 
giving notice to the general. 2. A high rock ; [obs.] 

SeOUT, V. i. To go on the business of watching the mo- 
tions of an enemy ; to act as a scout. 

SeOUT, V. t. [perhaps Svv. skiuta.] To sneer at ; to treat 
with disdain and contempt. [In use in jSmcrica.] 

S€o'VEL, 71. [W. ysgubell ; L. scopa.] A mop for sweep- 
ing ovens; a^maulkin. Ainsworth. 

S€OW, 71. [D. schouw ; Dan. skude.] A large, flat-bottom- 
ed boat ; used as a ferry-boat, or for loading and unload- 
ing vessels. [In use in JVew England.'] 

S€OW, V. t. To transport in a scow. 

SeOWL, V. i. [Sax. scul ; D. scheel, schielen.] 1. To 
wrinkle the brows, as in frowning or displeasure ; to put 
on a frowning look ; to look sour, sullen, severe or 
angry. 2. To look g'oomy, frowning, dark or tempest- 
uous. 

SGOWL, V. t. To drive with a scowl or frowns. 

S€OWL, 71. 1. The wrinkling of the brows in frowning ; 
the expression of displeasure, suUenness or discontent in 
the countenance. 2. Gloom ; dark or rude aspect. 

SeOWL'ING, ppr. Contracting the brow's into wrinkles ; 
frowning ; expressing displeasure or sullenness. 

SeOWL'ING-LY, adv. With a wrinkled, frov/ning aspect ; 
with a sullen look. 

SGRAB'BLE, v. i. [D. krabbelen, krabben; G. krabbeln, 
graben.] 1. To scrape, paw or scratch with the hands ; to 
move along on the liands and knees by clawing with the 
hands ; to scramble ; [commoii in JVew England.] 2. To 
make irregular or crooked marks. 

SGRAB'BLli], V. t. To mark with irregular lines or letters. 

SGRAB'BLING, ppr. Scraping; scratching; scrambling; 
making irregular marks. 

S€RAF'FLE, v. i. 1. To scramble; to be industrious. 
Brockett 2, To shuffle ; to act unfairly. Grose. 

S€RAG. n. Something thin or lean Avith roughness. 

SGRAG GED, ) a. 1. Rough with irregular points or a bro- 

SCRAG'GY, \ ken surface. 2. Lean with roughness. 

SGRAG'GED-NESS, or SGRAG'GI-NESS, n. Leanness, or 
leanness with roughness ; ruggedness ; roughness occa- 
sioned by broken, irregular points. 

S€RAG'Gi-LY, adv. With leanness and roughness. 

SGRAM'BLE, «. i. [D. schrammen.] 1. To move or climb 
by seizing objects with the hand, and drawing the body 
forward. 2. To seize or catcli eagerly at any thing that is 
desired ; to catch with haste preventive of another ; to 
catch at without ceremony. 

SCRAM'BLE, n. 1. An eager contest for something, in 



which one endeavors to get the thing before another. 9 
The act of climbing by the help of the hands. 

S€RAM'BLER, n. One who scrambles ; one who climbs by 
the help of the hands. 

SeRAM'BLING, ppr. 1. Clunbing by the help of the hands 

2. Catching at eagerly and without ceremony. 
SCRAM'BLlNG, n. 1. The act of climbing by the help of 

the hands. 2. The act of seizing or catching at with ea- 
ger haste and without ceremony. 

SCRaNCH, v. t. [D. schranssen.] To grind with the teeth, 
and with a crackling sound ; to craunch. 

fSCRAN'NEL, a. Slight; poor. Milton. 

SCRAP, n. [from scrape.] 1. A small piece ; a fragment : 
a crum. 2. A part ; a detached piece ; as, scraps of histo- 
ry or poetry. 3. A small piece of paper. 

SCRAPE, V. t, [Sax. screopan ; D. sckraapen, schrabben ; 
G. schrapen ; Sw. skrapa.] J. To rub the surface of any 
thing with a sharp or rough instrument, or with some- 
thing hard. 2. To clean by scraping. Lev. xiv. 3. Te 
remove or take ofi" by rubbing. 4. To act upon the sur 
face with a grating noise. — To scrape off, to remove b> 
scraping; to clear away by rubbing.— To scrape together 
to gather by close industry or small gains or savings. 

SCRAPE, V. i. 1. To make a harsh noise. 2. To play 
awkwardly on a violin. 3. To make an awkward bow 
— To scrape acquaintance, to make one's self acquainted 
to curry favor; [a low phrase.] 

SCRAPE, n. [Dan. scrab ; ^w. skrap.] 1. A rubbing. 2. 
The sound of the foot drawn over the floor. 3. A bow. 
4. Difficulty ; perplexity ; distress ; that which harasses ; 
[a loio word.] 

SCRAPED, pp. Rubbed on the surface with a sharp or rough 
instrument ; cleaned by rubbing ; cleared away by scra- 
ping. 

SCRaP'ER, 71. 1. An instrument with which any thing is 
scraped. 2. An instrument drawn by oxen or horses, and 
used for scraping earth in making or repairing roads, &c. 

3. An instrument having two or three sides or edges, for 
cleaning the planks, masts or decks of a ship, &c. 4, A 
miser; one who gathers property by penurious diligence 
and small savings ; a scrape-penny. 5. An awkward fid- 
dler. 

SCRaP'ING, ppr. Rubbing the surface with something 
ssharp or hard ; cleaning by a scraper. 

t SCRAT, V. t. To scratch. Burton. 

t SCRAT, V. i. To rake ; to search. 

f SCRAT, 71. A hermaphrodite. Skinner. 

SCRATCH, V. t. [G. kratzen, ritzen, kritzeln; D. kratsen ■ 
Sw. kratsa.] 1. To rub and tear the surface of any thing 
with something sharp or ragged. 2. To wound slightly. 
3. To rub with the nails. 4. To write or draw awkward- 
ly ; [obs.] 5. To dig or excavate with the claws.— To 
scratch out, to erase ; to rub out ; to obliterate. 

SCRATCH, V. i. To use the claws in tearing the surface. 

SCRATCH, n. 1. A rent; a break in the surface of a thing 
made by scratching, or by rubbing with anything pointed 
or ragged. 2. A slight wound. 3. A kind of wig worn 
for covering baldness or gray hairs, or for other purpose. 

SCRATCHED, pp. Torn by the rubbing of something 
rough or pointed. 

SCRATCH'ER, n. He or that which scratches. 

SCRATCH'ES, n. plu. Cracked ulcers on a horse's foot. 

SCRATCH'ING, ppr. Rubbing with something pointed or 
rough ; rubbing and tearing the surface. 

SCRATCH'ING-LY, adv. With the action of scratching. 
Sidney. 

f SCR AW, n. [Irish and Erse.] Surface ; cut turf. Swift. 

SCRAWL, V. t. [qu. D. schravelen.] 1. To draw or mark 
awkwardly and irregularly. 2. To write awkwardly. 

SCRAWL, V. i. I. To write unskillfully and inelegantly. 
2. To creep ; to crawl. 

SCRAWL, n. 1. Unskillful or inelegant writing; or a 
piece of hasty, bad writing. Pope. — 2. In JVezo England, a 
ragged, broken branch of a tree, or other brush-wood. 

SCRAWL'ER, n. One who scrawls ; a hasty or awkward 
writer. 

SCRAY, 71. A fowl called the sea-swallow. 

t SCRk'A-BLE, a. [L. screabilis.] That may be spit out. 

SCREAK, V. i. [Sw. skrika ; Dan. skriger.] To utter sud- 
denly a sharp, shrill sound or outcry ; to scream ; as in a 
sudden fright ; also, to creak, as a door or wheel. 

SCRkAK, 71. A creaking ; a screech. 

SCReAM, v. i. [Sax. reomian, hrceman, or hreman.] 1 To 
cry out with a shrill voice ; to utter a sudden, sharp out- 
cry, as in a fright or in extreme pain ; to shriek. 2. To 
utter a shrill, harsh cry. 

SCReAM, 7t. A shriek, or sharp, shrill cry, uttered sud- 
denly, as in terror or in pain ; or the shrill cry of a fowl. 

SCReAM'ER, n. A fowl, or genus of fowls, 

SCReAM'ING, ppr. Uttering suddenly a sharp, shrill cry ; 
cryjng with a shrill voice. 

SCReAM'ING, n. The act of crying out with a shriek of 
terror or agony. 

SCREECH, V. i. [Sw. skrika ; Dan. skriger ; G. schreien.] 



S Synopsis A. E, I, 0. U, t, long.— FAB., FiVLL, WHA.T ;— PRgY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



SCR 



731 



sea 



1. To cry out with a sbarp, shrill voice ; to utter a sudden 
shrill cry, as in terror or acute pain ; to scream ; to shriek. 

2. To utter a sharp cry, as an owl ; thence called screech- 
owl. 

SeREECH, n. 1. A sharp, shrill cry uttered in acute pain, 
or in a sudden fright. 2. A harsh, shrill cry. 

S€REECH'ING, ppr. Uttering a shrill or harsh cry. 

SeREECH'~OWL, n. An owl that utters a harsh, disagree- 
able cry at night. 

SCREED, 71. With plasterers, the floated work behind a 
cornice. 

SCREEN, n. [Fr. ecran.] 1. Any thing that separates or 
cuts off inconvenience, injury or danger; and hence, that 
which shelters or protects from danger, or prevents incon- 
venience. 2. A riddle or sieve. 

SCREEN, V. t. 1. To separate or cut off from inconveni- 
ence, injury or danger ; to shelter ; to protect ; to protect 
by hiding; to conceal. 2. To sift or riddle; to separate 
the coarse part of any thing from the fine, or the worth- 
less from the valuable. 

SCREENED, pp. Protected or sheltered from injury or dan- 
ger; sifted. 

SCREEN'ING, ppr. Protecting from injury or danger. 

SCREW, n [D, schroef; G. schraube ; Dan. skruve, or 
skrue ,• Sw skruf.] 1. A cylinder of wood or metal, 
grooved spirally ; or a cylinder with a spiral channel or 
thread cui in such a manner that it is equally inclined to 
the base of the cylinder throughout the whole length. 
2. One of the six mechanical powers. 

SCREW, V. t. 1. To turn or apply a screw to ; to press, 
fasten or make firm by a screw. 2. To force ; to squeeze ; 
to press. 3. To oppress by exactions. 4. To deform by 
contortions; to distort. — To screw out, to press out; to 
extort.— To screw up, to force ; to bring by violent press- 
ure. — To screw in, to force in by turning or twisting. 

SCREWED, pp. Fastened with screws; pressed with 
screws ; forced. 

SCREW'ER, n. He or that which screws. 

SCREWING, ppr. Turning a screw ; fastening or pressing 
with a screw. 

SCREW-TREE, n. A plant of the genus helicteres. 

t SCRI-Ba'TIOUS, a. Skillful in or fond of writing. 
B arrow. 

SCRIB'BLE, V. t. [L. scrihillo.] 1. To write with haste, or 
without care or regard to correctness or elegance. 2. To 
fill with artless or worthless writing. 

SCRIB'BLE, V. i. To write without care or beauty. 

SCRIB'BLE, 11. Hasty or careless writing. Boyle. 

SCRIBBLED, pp. Written hastily and without care. 

SCRIB'BLER, n. A petty author ; a writer of no reputa- 
tion. 

SCRIBE, n. [Fr.; L. scriba.] I. In a general sense, a 
writer. 2. A notary ; a public writer.— 3. In ecclesiasti- 
cal meetings and associations in America, a secretary or 
clerk ; one who records the transactions of an ecclesiastical 
body.— 4. In Scripture, a clerk or secretary to the king. 
2 Sam. viii. 5. An officer who enrolled or kept the rolls 
of the army, and called over the names and reviewed 
them. 2 C/i. xxvi. 6. A writer and a doctor of the law ; 
a man of learning ; one skilled in the law ; one who 
read and explained the law to the people. Ezra vii. 

SCRIBE, V. t. To mark by a model or rule ; to mark so as 
to fit one piece to another ; a term used by carpenters. 

tSCRIKE, V. i. To cry out. See Screak. 

jSCRl'MER, 71. [Fr. escWmewr.] A fencing-master. 

SCRIMP, V. t. [Sw. skrumpen; D. krimpen.] To contract; 
to shorten ; to make too small or short ; to limit or strait- 
en. JVew England. 

SCRIMP, a. Short; scanty. 

SCRIMP, n. A pinching miser ; a niggard ; a close-fisted 
person. JVew England. 

SCRINE, n. [L. scrinium : Norm, escrin.'j A shrine ; a 
chest, book-case or other place where writihgs or curiosi- 
ties are deposited. 

SCRIN6E, V. i. To cringe, of which this word is a corrup- 
tion. 

SCRIP, 71. [W. ysgrab, ysgrepan ; Sw. skrappa.] A small 
bag ; a wallet ; a satchel. 

SCRIP, 71. [L. scriptum, scriptio.] A small writing, certifi- 
cate or schedule ; a piece of paper containing a writing. 

f SCRIP'PAGE, n. That which is contained in a scrip. 
t SCRIPT, 71. A scrip. Chaucer. 

SCRIP'TO-RY, a. [L. scriptorius.] Written ; expressed in 

writing ; not verbal. [Little used.] Swift. 
SCRIPT'U-RAL, a. 1. Contained in the Scriptures, so call- 
ed by way of eminence, that is, in the Bible. 2. Accord- 
ing to the Scriptures or sacred oracles. 
SCRIPT'U-RAL-IST, n. One who adheres literally to the 
Scriptures and makes them the foundation of all philoso- 
phy. 
SCRIPT'URE, n. [L. scriptura.] 1. In its primary sense, a 
writing ; any thhig written. — 2. Appropriately, and by 
vay of distinction, the books of the Old and New Testa- 
ment ; the Bible. 



SCRIPT'U-RIST, n. One well versed in the Scriptures. 
SCRI VE'NER, (skriv'ner) n. [W. ysgnvenwr : It. scrivano , 
Fr. ecrivain.] 1. A writer ; one whose occupation is to 
draw contracts or other writings. 2. One whose business 
is to place money at interest. 
SCROF'U-LA, 71. [L.] A disease, called vulgarly the king's 
evil, characterized by hard and scirrous tumors in the 
glands of the neck, &c. 
SCROF'U-LOUS, a. 1. Pertaining to scrofula, or partaking 

of its nature. 2. Diseased or affected with scrofula. 
SCROG, 71. [Sax. scroh.] A stunted shrub, bush or branch. 
SCROLL, 71. [Fr. ecroue.] A roll of paper or parchment ; 

or a writing formed into a roll. 
SCRo'TUM, 71. The bag which contains the testicles, 
f SCROYLE, 71. [Fr. ecrouelles ; D. schraal.] A mean fel- 
low ; a wretch. Shak. 
SCRUB, V. t. [Sw. skrubba ; Dan. skrubber ; D. schrobben ; 
G. schrabben.] To rub hard, either with the hand or with 
a cloth or an instrument; usually, to rub hard with a 
brush, or with something coarse or rough, for the purpose 
of cleaning, scouring or making bright. 
SCRUB, V. i. To be diligent and penurious. 
SCRUB, 71. 1. A mean fellow ; one that labors hard and 
lives meanly. 2. Something small and mean. 3. A worn- 
out brush. 
SCRUB'BED, I a. Small and mean ; stunted in growth. 
SCRUB'BY, i Sicift. 
SCRUDGE, V. t To crowd thickly together ; to squeeze. 

Grose. 
SCRUF, for scurf, not in use. 

SCRtJ'PLE, 71. [Fr. scj-upule ; L. scrupulus, scrupulum.] 1. 
Doubt ; hesitation from the difficulty of determining 
what is right or expedient ; backwardness ; reluctance to 
decide or to act. 2. A weight of 20 grains, the third 
part of a dram; among goldsmiths, the weight of 24 
grains. — 3. Proverbially, a very small quantity. — 4. In 
Chaldean chronology, the yo'V'O' ^^''^ ^^ ^^ hour. 
SCRU'PLE, V. i. To doubt ; to hesitate. Milton. 
SCRU'PLE, V. t. To doubt; to hesitate to believe; to 

question. 
SCRU'PLED, pp. Doubted ; questioned. 
SCRU'PLER, n. A doubter ; one who hesitates. 
SCRUPLING, ppr. Doubting; hesitating; questioning, 
t SCRu'PU-LiZE, V. t. To perplex with scruples. Moun- 

taa-u. 
SCR'U-PU-LOS'I-TY, 71. [L. scrupulositas.] L The quality 
or state of being scrupulous ; doubt ; doubtfulness respect- 
ing some difficult point, or proceeding from the difficulty 
or delicacy of determining how to act ; hence, the caution 
or tenderness arising from the fear of doing wrong or of- 
fending. 2. Nicety of doubt ; or nice regard to exactness 
and propriety. 3. Niceness ; preciseness. 
SCRU'PU-LOUS, a. [L. scrupulosus ; Fr. scrupuleux.] 1 
Nicely doubtful ; hesitating to determine or to act; cau 
tious in decision from a fear of ofl^ending or doing wrong. 
2. Given to making objections ; captious. 3. Nice ; doubt- 
ful ; [obs.] 4. Careful ; cautious ; exact in regarding 
facts. S.Nice; exact. Foley. 
SCRu'PU-LOUS-LY, ado. With a nice regard to minute 

particulars or to exact propriety. Taylor. 
SCRu'PU-LOUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being 
scrupulous ; niceness, exactness or caution in determin- 
ing or in acting, from a regard to truth, propriety or ex- 
pedience. 
SCRU'TA-BLE, a. Discoverable by inquiry or critical ex- 
amination. Decay of Piety. 
t SCRU-Ta'TION, 71. Search ; scrutiny. 
SCRU-Ta'TOR, 71. [L.] One that scrutinizes ; a close ex 

aminer or inquirer. [Little used.] Jiijliffe. 
SCRU-TI-NEER', 71. A searcher ; an examiner. 
SCBu'TI-NIZE, v. t. To search closely ; to examine or in- 
quire into critically. 
SCRu'TI-NIZED, 'pp. Examined closely. 
SCRu'TI-NiZ ING, ppr. Inquiring into with critical mi- 
nuteness or exactness. 
SCRu'TI-NiZ-ER, 71. One who examines with critical 

care. 
SCRU'TI-NOUS, a. Closel-y inquiring or examining ; cap- 
tious. Denham. 
SCRU'TI-NY, 71. [Fr. scrutin ; It. scrutinio ; Sp. escrutinio 
IjOW L. scrutinium.] I. Close search ; minute inquiry 
critical examination. — 2. In the primitive church, an ex- 
amination of catechumens in the last week of Lent, who 
were to receive baptism on Easter-day. — 3. In the ca7io7i 
law, a ticket or little paper billet on which a vote Is writ- 
ten. 
t SCRtJ'TI-NY, ?:. t. The same as scrutinize. 
SCRU-ToIR', (skru-tore') 71. [Fr. ecritoire.] A kind of desk, 
case of drawers or cabinet, with a lid opening downward 
for the convenience of writing on it. 
SCRtJZE, V. t. To crowd ; to squeeze. [A low word ~ 
SCUD, V. i. [Dan. skyder, skud; Sw. skudda.] '. In a 
general sense, to be driven or to flee or fly with haste .-^ 



* See Synopsis. MOVE BQQK, D6VE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



scu 



7.'^ 



SEA 



In seameri'a language, to be driven with precipjtatlon be- 
fore a tempest. 2. To run with precipitation ; to fly. 

S€UD, v. t. To pass over quickly. Sheiistone. 

IS€UD, 71. 1. A low, thin cloud, or thin clouds driven by 
the wind. 2. A driving along ; a rushing with precip- 
itation. 

S€tTD'DING, ppr. Diiving or being driven before a tempest ; 
running with fleetness. 

SeUD'DLE, V. i. To run with a kind of affected haste ; 
commonly pronounced scuttle. \A low word.] 

SeUF'FLE, n. [This is a different orthograpliy of shuffle ; 
Sw. skuff, skuffa ; Dan. skuffe.] 1. A contention or trial 
of strength betw&en two persons, who embrace each 
other's bodies ; a struggle with close embrace, to decide 
which shall throw the other. 2. A confused contest ; a 
tumultuous struggle for victory or superiority ; a fight. 

SeUF'FLE, V i. 1. To strive or struggle with close em- 
brace, as two men or boys. 2. To strive or contend tu- 
niultuously, as small parties. 

SeUF FLER, 71 One who scuffles. 

StJUF'FLING, ppr. Striving for superiority with close e.m- 
brace ; struggling or contending without order. 

SeUG, V t [Dan. skygger.] To hide. [Local.] Grose. 

g€ULK, V. i. [Dan. skiuler ; Sw. skyla.] To retire into a 
close or covered place for concealment ; to lurk ; to lie 
close from shame, fear of injury or detection. 

S€ULK'ER, 77. A lurker ; one that lies close for hiding. 

SeULK'lNG, ppr. Withdrawing into a close or covered 
place for concealment ; lying close. 

SeULL, 71. 1. The brain-pan ; [see Skull.] 2. A boat ; a 
cock-boat; [see Sculler.] 3. One who sculls a boat. 
4. A short oar, whose loom is only equal in length to half 
the breadth of the boat to be rowed, so that one man can 
manage two, one on each side. 5. [Sax. sceole.] A shoal 
or multitude of fish ; [obs.] 

S€(JLL, V. t. To impel a boat by moving and turning an 
oar over the stern. Mar. Diet. 

SeULL'-€AP. See Skull-cap. 

SCULL'ER, 71. 1. A boat rowed by one man with two 
sculls or ?hort oars. 2. One that sculls, or rows with 
sculls ; one that impels a boat by an oar over the stern. 

SCCJLL'ER-Y, n [Fr. ecuelle ; Scot, skul, skolL] A place 
where dishes, kettles and other culinary utensils are kept. 

SGULL'ION, 77. [Ir. sguille.] A servant that cleans pots 
and kettles, and does other menial services in the kitchen. 

f S€ULL'ION-LY, a. Like a scullion ; base ; low ; mean. 

fSGULP, V. t. [L. sculpo.] To carve ; to engrave. 

S€ULP'TILE, a. [L. sciilptiUs.] Formed by carving. 

SCULPTOR, 71. [L.] One whose occupation is to carve 
wood or stone into images j a carver. Encyc. 

SeULPT'URE, 71. [Fr. ; L. sculptura.] 1. The art of cai-v- 
ing, cutting or hewing wood or stone into images of men, 
beasts or other things. 2. Carved work. 3. "The art of 
engraving on copper. 

SeULPT'URE, V. t. To carve ; to engrave ; to form images 
or figures with the chisel on wood, stone or metal. 

S€ULPT'URED,pj7. Carved; engraved. 

SeULPT'UR-ING, pp-. Carving; engraving. 

SCUM, 77. [Fr. ecume ,• It. schiinna; Sw.,J)an. skum.] 1. 
The extraneous matter or impurities which rise to the 
surface of liquors in boiling or fermentation, or which 
form on the surface by other means. 2. The refuse ; the 
recrement ; that which is vile or worthless. 

SCUM, ;;. t. To take the scum from ; to clear off the impure 
matter from the surface ; to skim. 

SeUM'BER, 71. The dung of the fox. Ainsworth. 

SCUMMED, pp. Cleared of scum ; skimmed. 

SeUM'MER, 71. [Fr. ecumoire.] An instrument used for 
taking off the scum of liquors ; a skimmer. 

SCUM'MING, ppr Clearing of scum ; skimming. 

SCUJM MINGS, 77 plu. The matter skimmed from boiling 
liquors. Edwards, W. Indies. 

SCUPPER, 77. [Sp. e.sc77p?>.] The scvppers or scupper-holes 
of a ship are channels cut through the water-ways and 
Sides of a ship at proper distances, and lined with lead 
fur carrying off the water from the deck. 

S-GUP'PER-HOSE, n. A leathern pipe attached to the mouth 
of the scuppers of the lower deck of a ship, to prevent the 
water from ejitering. 

SCUP'PER-NaIL, 77. A nail with a very broad head for 
covering a large surface of the hose. Mar. Diet. 

SCUP'PER-PLUG, 77. A plug to stop a scupper. 

SCURF, 77. [Sax. scurf; G. schorf ; D. schurft : Dan. skurv ; 
Sw. skorf.^ 1. A dry miliary scab or crust formed on the 
skin of an animal. 2. The soil or foul remains of any 
thing adherent. 3. Any thing adhering to the surface. 

SCURFF, 7!. Another name for the bull-trout. 

SeURF'I-NESS, 77. The state of being scurfy. 

SCURF' Y, a 1. Having scurf; covered with scurf. 2. Re- 
sembling scurf. 

SCUR'RIL, a. [L. scurrilis.] Such as befits a buffoon or 
vulgar jester ; low ; mean ; grossly opprobrious in lan- 
guage ; scurrilous. Dryden. 

S€UR-RIL'I-TY, n. [L. scurrilitas ; Fr. scurrilite.] Such 



low, vulgar, indecent or abusive language, as is used by 
mean fellows, buffoons, jesters and the like ; grossness of 
reproach or invective ; obscene jests, &.c. 

SCCJR'RiL-OUS, a. 1. Using the low and indecent language 
of the meaner sort of people, or such as only the license 
of buffoons can warrant. 2. Containing low indecency or 
abuse ; mean ; foul ; vile ; obscenely jocular. 

SCUR'RIL-OUS-LY, adv. With gross reproach ; with low, 
indecent language. Tillotson. 

SCUR'RIL-OUS-JS'ESS, 71. Indecency of language; vulgar- 
ity ; baseness of manners. 

SCUR'VI-LY, adv. [from scurvy.] Basely ; meanly ; with 
coarse and vulgar incivility. Swift. 

SCUR'Vl-NESS, n. The state of being scurvy. 

SCUR'VO-GEL, 77. A Brazilian fowl of the stork kind. 

SCUR'VY, 71. [from 50777-/ ; Low Tu. scorbutus.] A disease 
characterized by great debility ; most incident to persons 
who live confined, or on salted meats without fresh vege- 
tables in cold climates. 

SCUR'VY, a. 1. Scurfy ; covered or affected by scurf or 
scabs ; scabby ; diseased with scurvy. 2. Vile ; mean ; 
low ; vulgar ; worthless ; contemptible. Swift. 

SCUR'VY-GRASS, 77. A plant ; spoonworl. 

'SCUS'ES, for excuses. Shak. 

SCUT, 71. [Ice. skott ; W. cwt.] The tail of a hare or other 
animal whose tail is short. Swifi. 

SCd'TAGE, 7(. [LawLi. scutagium,] In English history, a. 
tax or contribution levied upon those who held lands by 
knight service. 

SCUTCH'EON. A contraction of escutcheon, which see. 

SCUTE, 71. [L. scutum.] A French gold coin of 3s. 'id. ster- 
ling. 

SCu'TEL-LA-TED, a. [L. scutella.] Formed like a pan , 
divided into small sui-faces. Woodioard. 

SCU'TI-FORM, a. [L. scutum, and/urT/i.] Having the form 
of a buckler or shield. 

SCUT'TLE, n. [L. scutella ; Sax. scutel, scuttel.] A broad, 
shallow basket ; so called from its resemblance to a dish. 

SCUT'TLE, 77. [Fr. ecoutUle ; Arm. scoutilh ; Sp. escotilla ; 
Sax. scyttel.] 1. In ships, a small hatchway or opening in 
the deck, large enough to admit a man, and with a lid for 
covering it ; also, a like hole in the side of a ship, and 
through the coverings of her hatchways, &c. 2. A square 
hole in the roof of a house, with a lid. 3. [from scud, and 
properlv scuddleA A quick pace ; a short run. 

SCUT'TLE, V. i. To run witli affected precipitation. 

SCUT'TLE, V. t. 1. To cut large holes through the bottom 
or sides of a ship for any purpose. 2. To sink by making 
holes through the bottom. 

SCUTTLE-BUTT, ) 77. A butt or cask having a square 

SCUT'TLE-CaSK, \ piece sawn out of its bilge, and 
lashed upon deck. 

SCUT'TLED, pp. Having holes made in the bottom or 
sides ; sunk Ijy means of cutting holes in the bottom or side 

SCUT'TLE-FiSH, ?7. The c77ttZe-/,srt, so called. 

SCUT'TLING, ppr. Cutting holes in the bottom or sides 
sinking by such holes. 

SCYT'ALE, 7i. A species of serpent. 

SCYTHE. A wrong spelling. See Stthe. 

SCYTH'IAN, a. Pertaining to Scythia. 

SCl^TII'IAN, 77. A native of Scythia. 

t SDaIN, for disdain. [It. sdegnare.] Spenser. 

t SDEIN'FIJL, for disdainful. Spenser. 

SeA, (see) 77. [Sax. sm, secge ,• G. see ; D. zee ; Sw. sio.] 1. 
A large basin, cistern or laver which Solomon made in 
the temple. 2. A large body of water, nearly inclosed by 
land, as the Baltic. 3. The ocean ; as, to go to sea. 4 
A wave ; a billow ; a surge. 5. The swell of the ocean 
in a tempest, or the direction of the waves. — 6. Proverbi- 
ally, a large quantity of liquor. 7. A rough or agitated 
place or element.— Half seas over, half drunk ; [a low 
phrase.] Spectator. — 07i the high seas, in the open sea, the 
^ommon highway of nations. 

SeA-A-NEM'O-NY, 77. The animal flower, which see. 

SeA'-APE, 77. The name of a marine animal. 

SeA'-BANK, 7!. 1. The sea shore. Shak. 2. A bank or 
jiiole to defend against the sea. 

SeA'-BAR, 71. The sea-swallow. Johnson. 

SeA'-BAT, 77. A sort of flying-fish. Cotgrave. 

SeA'-BaTHED, a. [sea and bathe.] Bathed, dipped or 
washed in the sea. Sandys. 

SeA'-BEaR, 77. An animal of the bear kind that frequenta 
the sea ; the white or polar bear ; also, the ursine seal. 

SeA'-BEARD, 77. A marine plant, conferva rupestris. 

SeA'-BeAST, n. [sea and beast.] A beast or monstrous 
_animal^of the sea. Milton. 

SeA'-BeAT, } a. [sea and heat.] Beaten by the sea, 

SeA'-BeAT-EN, \ lashed by the waves. 

SeA'BoARD, n. [sea, and Fr. bord.] The sea shore. 

SeA 'Board, adv. Towards the sea. 

SeA'-BoAT, 77. A vessel that bears the sea firmly, without 
Jatioring or straining her masts and rigging. 

SeA'-BoRD, ) a. [sea, and Fr. bord.] Bordering 

SeA'-BORD'ER-ING, on the sea or ocean. 



* See Synopsis A E, I, O, tj, Y, long.— FAR. FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD j— f Obsolete 



SEA 



733 



SEA 



SfiA'-BORN, a. [sea and born.] 1. Born c he sea; pro- 
duced by the sea. 2. Born at sea. 

SkA'-BOUND, la. [sea and bound.] Bca-Tided by the 

SeA'-BOUND-ED, \ sea. 

SeA'-BOY, n A boy employed on shipboard. 

SeA'-BReACH, n. [sea and breach.] Irruption of the sea 
_by breaking the banks. L^Estrange. 

SeA-BReAM, n. A fish of the spams kind. 

SeA'-BREEZE, n. A wind or current of air blowing from 
_the sea upon land. 

SeA'-BUILT, a. Built for the sea. Dryden. 

SEA-eAB'BA6E, ) n. Sea-colewort, a plant of the genus 

SeA'-CaLE, \ crambe. 

SeA'-€ALF, n. The common seal, a species of phoca. 

SeA'-€AP, n. A cap made to be worn at sea. 

SeA'-€ARD, n. The mariner's card or compass. 

SeA'-€ARP, n. [sea and carp.] A spotted fish living among 
rocks and stones. Johnson. 

SeA'-CHaN6E, n. A change wrought by the sea. 

SeA'-CHART, 71. A chart or map on which the line of the 
jhore, isles, shoals, harbors, &c. are delineated. 

SEA'-CiR'€LED, a. Surrounded by the sea. 

SeA'-€oAL, m. Coal brought by sea ; a vulgar name for 
fossil coal, in distinction from charcoal. 

SeA'-€oAST, n. The shore or border of the land adjacent 
Jo the sea or ocean. 

SeA'-€OB, n. A fowl, called, also, sea-gull. 

SeA'-€oLE-W6RT, n. Sea-cale, which see. 

SeA'-CoM-PASS, 71. [sea and compass.] The mariner's 
card and needle ; the compass constructed for use at sea. 

SeA'-€OOT, 71. A sea {owl,fulica marina. 

SeA-€OR'MO-RANT, n. The sea-crow or sea-drake. 

SeA'-€OW, n. [sea and cow.] The trichechus manatus. 

SeA'-€RoW, n. A fowl of the gull kind. 

SeA'-DEV-IL, n. The fishing-frog or toad-fish. 

SeA'-DOG, 7i. 1. A fish. 2. The sea-calf or common seal. 

SeA'-DR AG-ON, n. A marine monster caught in England, 
Jn 1749. Oent. Magazine. 

SeA'-EAR, 71. A sea plant, a^iris marina. Johnson. 

SeA'-EEL, n. An eel caught in salt water ; the conger. 

SEA'-EN-CiR'€LED, a. [sea and encircled.] Encompassed 
by thesea. Thomson. 

SeA'-FaR-ER, 71. One that follows the seas ; a mariner. 

SeA'-FaR-ING, a. Following the business of a seaman ; 
customarily employed in navigation. 

SeA'-FEN-NEL, n. The same as samphire. 

SeA'-FiGHT, 71. An engagement between ships at sea ; a 
naval action. Bacon. 

SeA'-FISH, 71. Any marine fish. 

SeA'-FOWL, 71. [sea and fowl.] A marine fowl. 

SeA'-FOX, n. A species of sgualus. 

SeA'-GaGE, 71. [sea and gage.] The depth that a vessel 
sinks in the water. Encyc. 

SeA'-GAR-LAND, 71. [sea and garland.] A plant. 

SeA'-GiR-DLES, n. A sort of sea mushroom. Johnson. 

SeA'-GIRT, a. [sea and girt.] Surrounded by the water of 
_the sea or ocean. Milton. 

SeA'-GOD, n. [sea and god.] A marine deity. 

SeA'-GOWN, n. A gown or garment with short sleeves. 

SeA'-GRASS, 71. A plant growing on the sea shore. 

SeA'-GREEN, a. [sea and green.] Having the color of sea 
water ; being of a faint green color. Locke. 

SeA'-GREEN, 71. 1. The color of sea water. 2. A plant. 

SeA'-GULL, 71. [sea and gull.] A fowl of the genus larus ; 
a species of gull ; called, also, sea-crow. 

SeA'-HARE, n. [sea and hare.] A marine animal. 

SeA'-HEDGE-HOG, 71. A sea shell, a species of echinus. 

SeA'-HEN, 71. Another name of the guillemot. 

SeA'-HOG, n. [sea and hog.] The porpoise, which see. 

SeA'-HOL-LY, 71. A plant of the genus eryngium. 

SeA'-HoLM, 71. [sea, and Dan. AoZm.] 1. A small, unin- 
habited isle. 2. Sea-holly. Carew. 

SeA'-HORSE, n. 1. In ichthyology, the morse. 2. The 
hippopotamus, or river-horse 3. A fish of the needle-fish 
kind. 

SeA'-LEGS, 71. The ability to walk on a ship's deck when 
pitching or rolling. Mar. Diet. 

SeA'-LEM-ON, v-. [sea and lemon.] A marine animal. 

SeA'-LiKE, a [sea and like.] Resembling the sea. 

SeA'-LI-ON, 7*. An animal of the genus phoca or seal. 

SeA'-MaID, n. l._The meiinaid. 2. A sea nymph. 

SeA'-MALL, or SeA'-MEW, n. A fowl, a species of gull 
or larus. 

SeA'MAN, n. [sea and 7;ia7i. J ]. A sailor ; a mariner. — 2. 
By way of distinction, a skillful mariner ; also, a man who 
is well versed in the art of navigating ships. 3. Merman, 
Jhe male of the mermaid ; [little used.] Locke. 

SeA'MAN-SHIP, 71. The skill of a good seaman ; an ac- 
quaintance with the art of mans-ging and navigating a 
ship. 

SeA'-MARK, n. Any elevated object on land which serves 
for a direction to mariners in entering a harbor, or in sail- 
ing along or approaching a coast ; a beacon. 

SEA'-MEW, n. A fowl, a species of gull or larus. 



SeA'-MON-STER, n. A huge marine animal. 

SeA'-MOSS, 71. A name given to coral. 

SEA'-MOUSE, 71. A marine animal. 

SeA'-NA-VEL-W6RT, 71. A plant. Johnson. 

SeA'-NEE-DLE, n. A name of the gar or garfish. 

SeA'-NET-TLE, 71. Another name of the animal flower 
or sea-anemony. Encyc. 

SeA'-NURSED, a. Nursed by the sea. J. Barlow. 

SeA'-NYMPH, 71. A nymph or goddess of the sea. 

SeA'-oN'ION, n. [sea and onion.] A plant. Ainsworth. 

SeA'-OOZE, n. [sea and ooze.] The soft mud on or near 
the sea-shore Mortimer. 

SeA'-OT-TER, 71. A species of otter. 

SeA'OWL, 71. Another name of the lump-fish. 

SeA'-PAD, 71. The star-fish, stella 7aarina. 

SeA'-PAN-THER, n A fish like a lamprey. 

SeA'-PIIEAS'ANT, n._ The pin-tailed duck. 

SeA'-PiE, or SeA'-PyE, n. A fowl of tlie genus hcemato- 
pus, and grallic ordei; 

SeA'-PiE, n. A dish of food consisting of paste and meat 
boiled together. 

SeA'-PIeCE, 71. A picture representing a scene at sea. 

SeA'-PLANT, n. A plant that grows in salt water. 

SeA'-POOL, 7i. A lake of salt water. Spenser. 

SeA'-PoRT, 71. [sea and port.] 1. A harbor near the sea, 
formed by an arm of the sea or by a bay. 2. A city or 
town situated on a harbor, on or near the sea. 

SeA-RE-SEM'BLING, a. Like the sea ; sea-like. 

SeA'-RISK, 71. Hazard or risk at sea. 

SeA'-ROB-BER, n. [sea and robber.] A pirate ; one that 
jobs on the high seas. 

SeA'-ROGK-ET, 71. A plant of the genus bunias. 

SeA'-ROOM, 71. Ample space or distance from land, shoals 
or rocks. 

SeA'-Ro-VER, n. ]. A pirate ; one that cruises for plun- 
der. 2. A ship or vessel that is employed in cruising for 
plunder 

SeA'-RUFF, n. A kind of sea fish. [L. orpkus.] 

S|A-S€OR'PI-ON, n. The fatherlasher. 

SeA'-SER-PENT, 71. [sea and serpent.] A huge animal 
Jike a serpent inhabiting the sea. Outhrie. 

SeA'-SER-VICE, 71. [sea and service.] Naval .service; ser- 
vice in the navy or m ships of war. 

SeA'-S'HARK,7i. a ravenous sea fish. Shak. 

SeA'-SHELL n. [sea and shsll.] A marine shell ; a shell 
Jhat grows iii the sea. Mortimer. 

SeA'-SHoRE, 71. [sea and shore.] Tha coast of the sea , 
Jhe land that lies adjacent to the sea or ocean. 

SeA'-SIGK, a. Affected with sickness or nausea by means 
j)f the pitching or rolling of a vessel. Sicift. 

SeA'-SI€K-NESS, n. The sickness or nausea occasioned 
J)y the pitching and rolling of a ship in an agitated sea. 

SeA'-SiDE,7/. The land bordering on the sea; the country 
jidjacent to the sea, or near it. Pope. 

SeA'-STAR, 71. [sea and star.] The star fish. 

SeA'-STTR'GEoN, n. A surgeon employed on shipboard. 

SeA-SUR-ROUND'ED, a. Encompassed by the sea. 

SeA'-TERM, 71. A word or term used appropriately by sea 
jnenj or peculiar to tue art of navigation. 

SeA'-THIeF, n. [sea and thief.] A pirate. 

SeA'-ToAD, n. An ug?y fish, so called. Cotgrave 

SeA'-ToRN, a. [sea and torn.] Torn by or at sea. 

SeA'-TOSSED, a. Tossed by the sea. Shak. 

SeA'-UR-CHIN, n. A genus of marine animals. 

SeA'-WALLED, a. Surrounded or defended by the sea. 

SeA'WARD, a. Directed towards the sea. Donne. 

SeA'WARD, adv, TowarCE the sea Drayton. 

SeA'-WA-TER, 71. [sea arid water.] Water of the sea or 
ocean, which is salt. Baccn. 

SeA'-WEED, 71. [sea and weed.] A marine plant. 

SeA'-WITH-WIND, n. Bindweed. 

SEA'-WOLF, 71. A fish of the genus anarrhicas. 

SeA'-WoRM-WOOD, 71. A sort of worm wood. Lee. 

SeA-WoR'THI-NESS, 71. The state of being able to re- 
sist the ordinary violence of wind and weather ; applied 
to a ship. 

SeA'-WoR-THY, a. Fit for a voyage ; worthy of being 
jrusted to transport a cargo with safety. 

Seal, n. [Sax. seol, sele, syle ; Sw. sial.] The common 
jiame for the species of the genus phoca. 

Seal, 71, [Sax. sigel, sigle ; G. siegel ; L. sigillum ; It. si- 
gillo ; Sp. sigilo?] 1 A piece of metal or other hard sub- 
stance, usually round or oval, on which is engraved some 
image or device used for making impressions on wax. 2. 
The wax set to an instrument, and impressed or stamped 
with a seal. 3. The wax or wafer that makes last a letter 
or other paper. 4. Any act of confirmation. 5. That which 
confirms, ratifies or makes stable ; assurance. 2 Tim. ii 
6. That which effectually shuts, confines or secures ; that 
jvhich makes fast. Rev. xx. 

Seal. v. t. [Sw. besegla, forsegla ; Dan. besegler,forseg- 
ler ; G. siegeln.] 1 To fasten with a seal ; to attach to- 
gether with a wafer or with wax. 2. To set or afl[ix a 
seal as a mark of authenticity. 3. To confirm ; to ratity ; 



See Syjiopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



SEA 



734 



SEC 



to establish. 4. To shut or keep close. 5. To make fast. 
6. To mark with a stamp, as au evidence of standard ex- 
actness, legal size, or merchantable quality. 7. To keep 
secret. 8. To mark as one's property, and secure from 
danger. Cant.iv. 9. To close ; to fulfill 3 to complete; 
with up. Dan. ix. 10. To imprint on the mind. Job 
xxxiii. 11. To inclose ; to hide ; to conceal. Job xiv. 
12. To confine; to restrain. Job xxxvii. — 13. In archi- 
tecture, to fix a piece of wood or iron in a wall with ce- 
jnent. 

Seal, V i. To fix a seal. [Umisual] Shak. 

Sealed, pp. Furnished with a seal ; fastened with a seal ; 
confirmed • closed. 

SeAL'ER, n 1. One who seals; an officer iu chancery 
who seals writs and instruments. — 2. In JVew England, 
an officer to examine and try weights and measures. 

SeAL'ING, ppr. Fixing a seal ; fastening with a seal ; 
confirming ; closing ; keeping secret. 

SeAL'ING, n. [from seal, the animal.] The operation of 
taking seals and curing their skins. 

SEALaNG-VOY-ACE, n. A voyage for the purpose of 
jtilling seals and obtaining their skins. 

SeAL'ING-WAX, n. [sec/ and wax.] Hard wax used for 
sealing letters. 

Seam, n. [Sax. seam ; D. zoom ; G. saum ; Dan. sojn.] 1. 
The suture or uniting of two edges of cloth by the needle. 
2. The joint or juncture of planks in a ship's side or 
deck ; or rather the intervals between the edges of boards 
or planks in a floor, &c. — 3. In mines, a vein or stratum 
of metal, ore, coal and the like. 4. A cicatrix or scar. 
5. A measure of eight bushels of corn ; or the vessel that 
contains it. 

■f SeAM, n. [Sax. seim ; W. saim.] Tallow ; grease ; 
Jard. 

SeAM, v. t. 1. To fonn a seam ; to sew or otherwise unite. 
2. To mark with a cicatrix ; to scar. Pope. 

SeA'MAN. Sec under Sea. 

Seamed, pp. Marked with seams ; having seams. 

Seaming, ppr. Marking with scars ; making seams. 

SeAM'LESS, a. Having no seam. 

SkAM'-RENT, 71. [seam and rent.] The rent of a seam ; 
the separation of a suture. 

SeAM STER, n. One that sews well, or whose occupation 
js to sew. 

SeAM'STRESS, n. [that is, seamsteress ; Saji. seamestre.] 
A woman whose occupation is sewing. 

SeAM'Y, a. Having a seam ; containing seams. 

SeAN, n. A net. See Seine. 

SeA'POY, or Se'POY, n. [Pers. sipahi ; Hindoo, sepahai.] 
A native of India in the military service of an European 
jjower. 

SeAR, v. t. [Sax. searan.] 1. To burn to dryness and hard- 
ness the surface of any thing ; to cauterize ; to expose to 
. a degree of heat that changes the color of the surface, or 
makes it hard. 2. To wither ; to dry. 3. To make cal- 
lous or insensible. — To sear up, to close by searing or cau- 
terizing ; to stop. 

SeAR, a. Dry ; withered. Milton. Ray. 

SEIARCE, (sers) v. t. To sift ; to bolt ; to separate the fine 
part of meal from the coarse. \ Little used.] Mortimer. 

SEARCE, (sers) n. A sieve ; a bolter. [Little used.] 

SEAR'CER, (sers'er) n. One that sifts or bolts. [L. u.] 

SEARCH, (serch) v.t. [Fr. chercher ; It. cercare.] 1. To 
look over or through for the purpose of finding something ; 
to explore: to examine by inspection. 2. To inquire ; to 
seek for. 3. To probe ; to seek the knowledge of by 
feeling with an instrument. 4. To examine ; to try. Ps. 
cxxxix. — To search out, to seek tiU found, or to find by 
seeking. 

SEARCH, (serch) v.i.. 1. To seek ; to look for; to make 
search. 2. To make inquiry ; to inquire. — To search for, 
to look for ; to seek ; to try to find. 

SEARCH, (serch") n. 1. A seeking or looking for something 
that is lost, or the piace of which is unknown. 2. In- 
quiry ; a seeking. 3. Quest ; pursuit for finding. 

SEARCH'A-BLE, (serch'a-bl) a. That may be searched or 
explored. Cotgrave. 

SEARCH'ED, (sercht) pp. Looked over carefully ; explor- 
ed ; examined. 

SEARCH'ER, (serch'er) n. 1. One who searches, explores 
or examines for the purpose of finding something. 2. A 
seeker; an inquirer. 3. An examiner; a trier. 4. An 
officer in London, appointed to examine the bodies of the 
dead, and report the cause of their death. G. An inspec- 
tor of leather. — 7. In military affairs, an instrument for 
examining ordnance, to ascertain whether guns have any 
cav^.ties in them. 8. An instrument used in the inspec- 
tion of butter, &.c. to ascertain the quality of that which 
is contained in firkins ; [local.] Mass. 
SEAKCHING, (serching) ppr. 1. Looking into or over; 
exploring ; examining ; inquiring ; seeking ; investiga- 
ting. 2. a. Penetrating ; trying ; close. 
SEARCH'fNG, (serch'ing) n. Examination ; severe inqui- 
sition. Judges V. 



SEARCH'LESS, (serch'les) a. Inscrutable eluding search 
or investigation. 

SeAR'-CLOTH, n. [Sax. sar-clath.] A cloth to cover a 
^ore ; a plaster. Mortimer. 

SeARED, pp. Burnt on the surface ; cauterized 

SeAR'ED-NESS, n. The state of being searea, cauterized 
^r hardened ; hardness ; insensibility. 

SEA 'SON, (se'zn) 71. [Fr saison.] 1. A fit or suitable time ; 
the convenient time ; the usual or appointed time. 2. 
Any time, as distinguished from others. 3. A tune of 
some continuance, but not long. 4. One of the four divi- 
sions of the year, spring, summer, autumn, winter. 'I'o 
be in season, to be in good time ; sufficiently early. To 
he out of season, to be too late, beyond the proper time. 
5. That which matures or prepares for the taste ; that 
which gives a relish. 

SeA'SON, 7). t. [Fr. assaisonner ; Sp., Fort, sazonar.] 1. 
To render palatable, or to give a higher relish to, by the 
addition or mixture of another substance more pungent 01 
pleasant. 2. To render more agreeable, pleasant or de- 
lightful ; to give a relish or zest to by something that ex- 
cites, anunates or exhilarates. 3. To render more agree- 
able, or less rigorous and severe ; to temper; to moderate , 
to qualify by admixture. 4. To imbue ; to tinge or taint 

5. To fit for any use by time of habit ; to mature ; to pre- 
pare. 6. To prepare for use by drying or hardening ; to 
take out or suffer to escape the natural juices. 7. To pre- 
pare or mature for a climate ; to accustom to and enable 
_to endure. 

SeA'SON, v. i. 1. To become mature ; to grow fit for use ; 
to become adapted to a climate, as the human body. 2l 
To become dry and hard by the escape of the natural 
juices, or by being penetrated with other substance. 3. 
J'o betoken ; to savor ; [obs.] 

SeA'SON- A-BLE, a. Opportune ; that comes, happens or 
is done in good time, in due season or in proper time for 
the purpose. 

SeA'SON-A-BLE-NESS, 71. Opportuneness of time ; the 
state of being in good time, or in time convenient fr>r the 
j)urpose, or sufficiently early. 

SeA'SON-A-BLY, adv. In due time ; in time convenient ; 
sufficiently early. 

t SeA'SON-A6E, n. Seasoning; sauce. South. 

SeA'SONED, pp. Mixed or sprinkled with something that 
gives a relish; tempered; moderated; qualified ; mat .ir- 
^d ; dried and hardened. 

SeA'SON-ER, 71. He that seasons; that which seasons, 
matures or gives a relish. 

SeA'SON-ING, pjjr. Giving a relish by something added ; 
moderating ; qualifying maturing ; drying and harden- 
ing ; fitting by habit. 

SeA'SON-ING, 71. 1. That which is added to any species 
of food to give it a higher relish. 2. Something added or 
mixed to enhance the pleasure of enjoyment. 

Seat, n. [It. sedia ; Sp. sede, sitio ; L. sedes, situs.] 1. 
That on which one sits ; a chair, bench, stool or any other 
thing on which a person sits. 2. The place of sitting ; 
throne ; chair of state ; tribunal ; post of authority. 3. 
Mansion; residence; dwelling; abode. 4. Site ; situa- 
tion. 5. That part of a saddle on which a person sits.— 

6. In horsemanship, the posture or situation of a person on 
horseback. 7. A pew or slip in a church ; a place to sit 
in. 8. The place where a thing is settled or estab- 
lished. 

Seat, v. t. 1. To place on a seat ; to cause to sit down 
2. To place in a post of authority, in office or a place of 
distinction. 3. To settle ; to fix in a particular place or 
country. 4. To fix ; to set firm. 5. To place in a church ; 
to assign seats to. 6. To appropriate the pews in to par 
ticular families. 7. To repair by making the seat new. 
8._ To settle ; to plant with inhabitants. Stith, Virg. 

t Seat, v. i. To rest ; to lie down. Spenser. 

SeAT'ED, pp. Placed in a chair or on a bench, &c. ; set ; 
_fixed ; settled ; established ; furnished with a seat. 

SeAT'ING, ppr. Placing on a seat; setting; settling; fur- 
nishing with a seat ; having its seats assigned to individ- 
uals, as a church. 

SeAVES, 71. plu. [Sw. saf; Dan. siv.] Rushes. [Local.] 

SeAVY, a. Overgrown with rushes, f Local.] 

SE-Ba'CEOUS, a. [Low L. sebaccus.] Made of tallow or 
fat ; pertaining to fat. 

SE-BAC'I€, a. In chemistry, pertaining to fat. 

Se'BATE, 71. In chemistry, a salt formed by the sebacic 
acid and a base. Hooper. 

SE-BES'TEN, 71. The Assyrian plum, a plant. 

Se'CANT, a. [L. secans.] Cutting ; dividing into two 
j)arts. 

SE'CANT, 77. [It., Fr., Sp. seca7?«e.] I. In geometry, &\me 
that cuts another, or divides it into parts. — 2. In trigo- 
nometry, the secant of an arc is a right line drawn from 
the centre through one end of the arc, and terminated by 
a tangent drawn through the other end. 

SE-CeDE', v.i. [L. secedo.] To withdraw from fellowship, 
communion or association ; to separate one's self. 



* See Synopsis. .S, K, I, O, tJ, Y, Zoti^.— FAR, PALL, WHAT ;— PREY;- PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— 1; Obsolete 



SEC 



735 



SEC 



SE-CfiDER, n. One who secedes. In Scotlarid, the seceders 
are ji numerous body of Presbyterians. 

SE-OeD'ING, ppr. Withdrawing from fellowship. 

SE-CERN'j V. t. [L. secerno.] In the animal economy, to 
secrete. 

SE-CERN'ED, (se-sernd') pp. Separated ; secreted. 

SE-CEB-N'ENT, n. That which promotes secretion; that 
which increases the irritative motions, which constitute 
secretion. 

SE-CERN'ING, ppr. Separating ; secreting. 

t SE-CESS', n. [L. secessus.] Retirement ; retreat. 

SE-CES'SION, 71. [L. secessio.] 1. The act of withdraw- 
ing, particularly from fellowship and communion. 2. 
Tlie act of departing ; departure. 

t Se'€LE, n. [Fr. siecle ; L. seculumV] A century. 

SE-€Ll)DE', V. t. [L. seclvdo.] 1. To separate, as from 
company or society, and, usually, to keep apart for some 
length of time, or to confine in a separate state. 2. To 
shut out ; to prevent from entering ; to preclude. 

SE-€LdD'ED, pp. Separated from others ; living in retire- 
ment _; shut out. 

SE-€LuD'ING, ppr. Separating from others ; confining in 
solitude or in a separate state ; preventing entrance. 

SE-€Lu'SION, n. The act of separating from society or 
connection ; the state of being separate or apart ; separa- 
tion ; a shutting out. 

SE-€LtJ'SiVE, a. That secludes or sequesters ; that keeps 
separate or in retirement. 

SECOND, a. [Fr. ; L. secundus ; It. secondo.] I. That im- 
mediately follows the first ; the next following the first in 
order of place or time ; the ordinal of two. 2. Next in 
value, power, excellence, dignity or rank ; inferior. 

FEe'ONl), n. 1. One who attends another in a duel, to aid 
him, and see that all proceedings between the parties are 
fair. 2. One that supports or maintains another ; that 
which supports. 3. The sixtieth part of a minute of time 
or of a degree. — 4. In music, an interval of a conjoint 
degree. 

55E€'OND, V. t. [L. secundo ; Fr. seconder ; It. secondare.] 
1. To follow in the next place. 2. To support ; to lend 
aid to the attempt of another ; to assist ; to forward ; to 
promote ; to encourage ; to act as the maintainer. — 3. In 
Lesfislation, to support, as a motion or the mover. 

SE€'OND-A-RI-LY, adv. In the second degree or second 
order ; not primarily or originally ; not in the first inten- 
tion. 

FEe'OND-A-RI-NESS, n. The state of being secondary. 

SEo'OND-A-RY, a. [L. secimdarius.'] 1. Succeeding next in 
order to the first ; subordinate. 2. Not primary ; not of the 
first intention. 3. Not of the first order or rate ; revolving 
about a primary planet. 4. Acting by deputation or dele- 
gated authority. 5. Acting in subordination. — Seconda- 
ry rocks, those later formed and containing petrifactions. 

SEC'OND-A-RY, n. 1. A delegate or deputy ; one who acts 
in subordination to another. Encyc. 2. A feather growing 
on the second bone of a fowl's wing. 

SE€'OND-ED, pp. Supported ; aided. 

SE€'OND-ER, n. One that supports what another attempts, 
or what he afiirms, or what he moves or proposes. 

SECOND-HAND, n. Possession received from the first 
possessor. Johnson. « 

SEC'OND-HAND, a. 1. Not original or primary ; received 
from another. Locke. 2. Not new ; that has been used 
by another. 

SECOND-LY, adv. In the second place. Bacon. 

SECOND-RATE, n. [second and rate.} The second order 
in size, dignity or value. .Bddison. 

SE€'OND-RATE, a. Of the second size, rank, quality or 
value. Dryden. 

SE€ OND-SlGHT, n. The power of seeing things future or 
distant ; a power claimed by some of the Highlanders in 
Scotland. Jiddison. 

SECOND-SIGHT-ED, a. Having the power of second- 
^ight. 

Se'€RE-CY, n. 1. Properly, a state of separation ; hence, 
concealment from the observation of others, or from the 
notice of any persons not concerned ; privacy ; a state of 
being hid from view. 2. Solitude ; retirement ; seclusion 
from the view of others. 3. Forbearance of disclosure or 
discovery. 4. Fidelity to a secret; the act or habit of 
peeping secrets. 

Se'CRET, a. [Fr. secret ; It., Sp., Port, secreto ; L. secre- 
tins.] 1. Properly, separate ; hence, hid ; concealed from 
the notice or knowledge of all persons except the individ- 
ual or individuals concerned. 2. Unseen ; private ; se- 
cluded ; being in retirement. 3. Removed from sight ; 
private ; unknown. 4. Keeping secrets ; faithful to se- 
crets intrusted ; [unusual.] 5. Private ; affording priv- 
acy. 6. Occult ; not seen ; not apparent. 7. Known to 
God only. 8. Not proper to be seen; kept or such as 
ought to be kept from observation. 

Se'€RET, n. [Fr. ; L. secretum.] 1. Something studiously 
concealed. 2. A thing not discovered and therefore un- 
known. — 3. Secrets, plu., the parts which /nodesty and 



propriety require to be concealed.- -7n secret^ in a private 

place ; in privacy (.r secrecy, 
t Se'CRET, v. t. To keep private. Bacon. 
SE€'RE-TA-RI-SHIP, n. The office of a secretary. 
SE€'RE-TA-RY, n. [Fr. secretaire ; Sp., It ., secretario.j 

1. A person employed by a public body, by a' company or 
by an individual, to write orders^ letters, dispatches, pub- 
lic or private papers, records and the like. 2. An officer 
whose business is to superintend and manage the affairs 
of a particular department of government. 

SE-€ReTE', v. t. 1. To hide ; to conceal ; to remove from 
observation or the knowledge of others. 2. To secrete 
one's self; to retire from notice into a private place ; to 
abscond. — 3. In the animal economy, to secern ; to pro- 
duce from the blood substances different from the blood 
itself,_or from any of its constituents ; as the glands. 

SE-€ReT'ED, pp. Concealed ; secerned. 

SE-CReT'ING, ppr. Hidmg ; secerning. 

SE-eRE'TION, n. 1. The act of secerning ; the act of pro- 
ducing from the blood substances diffierent from the blond 
itself, or from any of its constituents, as bile, saliva, mu- 
cus, urine, &c. 2. The matter secreted, as mucus, per- 
spirable matter, &.c. 

t Se'€RET-IST, n. A dealer in secrets. Boyle. 

SE-€RE-Ti"TIOUS, a. Parted by animal secretion. 

Se'€RET-LY, adv. 1. Privately; privily; not openly, 
without the knowledge of others. 2. Inwardly ; not ap- 
parently or visibly ; latently. 

SE'GRET-NESS, n. 1. The state of being hid or concealed. 

2. The quality of keeping a secret. Donne. 
Se'€RE-TO-RY, a. Performing the office of secretion. 
SE€T, n. [Fr. secte ; It. setta ; L., Sp. secta.] 1. A body 

or number of persons united in tenets, chiefly in philoso- 
phy or religion, but constituting a distinct party by hold- 
ing sentiments diff'erent from those of other men. 2. A 
cutting or cion ; [obs.] 

SECTa'RI-AN, a. [L. sectarius.] Pertaining to a sect. 

SE€-Ta'RI-AN, n. One of a sect ; one of a party in religion 
which has separated itself from the estabhshed church, or 
which holds tenets different from those of the prevailing 
denomination in a kingdom or state. 

SE€-Ta'RI-AN-ISM, n. The disposition to dissent from 
the established church or predominant religion, and to 
form new sects. 

SE€T'A-RISM, n. Sectarianism. [Little used.] 

SE€T'A-RIST, n. A sectary. [JYot much v^ed.] Warton. 

SE€T'A-RY, n. [Fr. sectaire.] 1. A person who separates 
from an established church, or from the prevailing de- 
nomination of Christians ; one that belongs to a sect ; a 
dissenter. 2. A follower ; a pupil ; [obs.] 

t SECTa'TOR, n. [Fr. sectateur.] A follower ; a disciple ; 
an adherent to a sect. Raleigh. 

SECT'ILE, a. [L. sectilis.] A sectile mineral is one that is 
midway between the brittle and the malleable. 

SECTION, 71. [Fr. ; L. sectio.] 1. The act of cutting or of 
separating by cutting. 2. A part separated from the rest ; 
a division. — 3. In books and writings, a distinct part or 
portion ; the subdivision of a chapter ; the division of a 
law or other writing or instrument. 4. A distinct part of 
a city, town, country or people.— 5. In geometry, a side 
or surface of a body or figure cut off" by another ; or the 
place where lines, planes, &c. cut each other. 

SECTION-AL, a. Pertaining to a section or distinct part 
of a larger body or territory. 

SECT'OR, n. [Fr. secteur.] 1. In geometry, a part of a 
circle comprehended between two radii and the arch ; or 
a mixed triangle, formed by two radii and the arch of a 
circle. 2. A mathematical instrument so marked with 
lines of sines, tangents, secants, chords, &c. as to fit all 
radii and scales, and useful in finding the proportion be- 
tween quantities of the same kind. 

SECU-LAR, a. [Fr. secul aire ; It. secolare ; Sp. secular ; 
L. secularis.] 1. Pertaining to this present world, or to 
things not spiritual or holy ; relating to things not imme- 
diately or primarily respecting the soul, but the body , 
worldly.— 2. Among catholics, not regular ; not bound by 
monastic vows or rules ; not confined to a monastery, or 
subject to the rules of a religious community. 3. Ccmiing 
once in a century. 

SE€(J-LAR, n. A church officer or officiate whose func- 
tions are confined to the vocal department of the choir. 

SE€-U-LAR'I-TY, n. Worldliness ; supreme attention to 
the things of the present life. Buchanan. 

SE€-U-LAR-I-Za'TION, n. The act of converting a regu- 
lar person, place or benefice into a secular one. 

SECU-LAR-IZE, v.t. [Fr. seculariser.] I. To noke sec- 
ular ; to convert from spiritual appropriation to secular or 
common use ; or to convert that which is regular or mo- 
nastic into secular. 2. To make worldly. 

SECU-LAR-TZED, pp. Converted from regular to secular. 

SECU-LAR-lZ-ING, ppr. Converting from regulaj or mo- 
nastic to secular. 

SECU-LAR-LY, adv. In a worldly manner. 

SECU-LAR-NESS, n. A secular disposition ; worldliness 



* See Synopsis MOVE, BQOK, D6VE ; BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH za in f/iwr f Obsolete 



SED 



736 



SEE 



SECtJN-DINE, n. [Fr. secondines.] Secundines, in the 
plural, as generally used, are the several coats or mem- 
branes in which the fetus is wrapped in the womb ; the 
after-birth. 

SE-€URE', a. [L, secwnis ; It. sicuro; Sp.seg-uro.] 1. Free 
from danger of being taken by an enemy ; that may resist 
assault or attack. 2. Free from danger ; safe ; applied to 
persons. 3. Free from fear or apprehension of danger ; 
not alarmed ; not disturbed by fear ; confident of safety ; 
herce, careless of the means of defense. 4. Confident j 
not distrustful. 5. Careless ; wanting caution. 6. Cer- 
tain ; very confident. 

SE-€oRE', v.t. 1. To guard effectually from danger; to 
make safe. 2. To make certain ; to put beyond hazard. 
3. To inclose or confine efl'ectually ; to guard efi^ectually 
from escape ; sometimes, to seize and confine. 4. To 
make certain of payment. 5. To make certain of receiv- 
ing a precarious debt by giving bond, bail, surety or oth- 
erwise. 6. To insure, as property. 7. To make fast. 

SE-€uR'ED, (se-kurd') pp. Effectually guarded or protect- 
ed ; made certain j put beyond hazard ; efiectually con- 
fined 5 made fast. 

SE-€uRE'LY, a<Zu. 1. Without danger ; safely. 2. With- 
out fear or apprehension ; carelessly ; in an unguarded 
state ; in confidence of safety. 

t SE-€URE'MENT, n. Security ; protection. Brown. 

SE-€uRE'NESS, n. Confidence of safety ; exemption from 
fear; hence, want of vigilance or caution. 

SE-€uR'ER, n. He or that which secures or protects. 

SE-€d'RI-FORM, a. [L. securis, and form.] In botany, 
havi_ng the fonn of an axe or hatchet. Lee. 

SE-€U'RI-TY, n. [Fr. securite ; L. securitas.] 1. Protec- 
tion ; effectual defense or safety from danger of any kind. 
2. That which protects or guards from danger. 3. Free- 
dom from fear or apprehension ; confidence of safety ; 
whence, negligence in providing means of defense. 4. 
Safety ; certainty. 5. Any thing given or deposited to 
secure the payment of a "debt, or the performance of a 
contract. 6. Something given or done to secure peace or 
good behavior. 

SE-DAN', n. l*Pr.] A portable chair or covered vehicle for 
carrying a single person. Dryden. 

SE-DaTE', a. [L. sedatus.] Settled ; composed ; calm ; 
quiet ; tranquil ; still ; serene ; unruflled by passion ; un- 
disturbed. 

SE-DaTE'LY, adv. Calmly ; without agitation of mind. 

SE-DaTE'NESS, n. Calmness of mind, manner or counte- 
nance ; freedom from agitation ; a settled state ; compo- 
sure ; serenity ; tranquillity. 

fSE-DA'TION, 71. The act of calming. Coles. 

SED'A-TIVE, a. [Fr. sedatif.] In medicine, moderating 
muscular action or animal energy. Coze. 

SED'A-TiVE, n. A medicine that moderates muscular ac- 
tion or animal energy. Coze. 

SED'EN-TA-RI-LY, adv. In a sendentary manner. 

SED'EN-TA-RI-NESS, n. The state of being sedentary. 

SED/EN-TA-RY, a. [Fr. sedentaire ; It., Sp. sedeatario ; L. 
sedentarius.] 1. Accustomed to sit much, or to pass most 
of the time in a sitting posture. 2. Requiring much sit- 
ting. 3. Passed for the most part in sitting. 4. Inac- 
tive ; motionless ; sluggish. 

SED6E, n. [Sax. secg.] 1. A narrow flag, or grovrth of 
such flags ; called, in the north of England, seg, or sag. 
Barret. — 2. In Mew England, a species of very coarse 
grass growing in swamps. 

SED6ED, a. Composed of flags or sedge. Shak. 

SEDO'Y, a. Overgrown with sedge. Shak. 

SED'I-MENT, n. [Fr. ; li. sedimentum.] The matter which 
subsides to the bottom of liquor ; settlings ; lees ; dregs. 

SE-Dl"TION, n. [Fr. ; L. seditio.] A factious commotion 
of the people, or a tumultuous assembly of men rising in 
opposition to law or the administration of justice, and in 
disturbance of the public peace. Sedition is a rising or 
commotion of less extent than an insurrection, and both 
are less than rebellion ; but some kinds of sedition, in 
Great Britain, amount to high treason. In general, sedi- 
tion is a local or limited insurrection in opposition to civil 
authority, as mutiny is to military. 

SE-DI''TION- A-RY, n. An inciter or promoter of sedition. 

SE-Dl"TIOUS, a. [Fr. seditieux ; L. seditiosTis.] 1. Per- 
taining to sedition ; partaking of the nature of sedition. 
2. Tending to excite sedition ; as seditious words. 3. Dis- 
posed to excite violent or irregular opposition to law or 
lawful authority; turbulent; factious, or guilty of sedi- 
tion. 

SE-DI"TI0US-LY, adv. With tumultuous opposition to 
law ; in a manner to violate the public peace. 

SE-Dl''TIOUS-NESS, n. The disposition to excite popular 
commotion in opposition to law ; or the act of exciting 
such commotion. 

SE-DuCE', V. t. [L. seduco ; Fr. seduire ; It. sedurre ; Sp. 
seducir.] 1. To draw aside or entice from the path of rec- 
titude and duty in any manner, by flattery, promises, 
bribes or otherwise ; to tempt and lead to miquity ; to 



corrupt; to deprave. 2. To entice to a surrender of 

chastity. 
SE-Du'CED, (se-dusf) pp. Drawn or enticed from virtue ; 

corrupted : depraved. 
SE-DuCE'MENT, ?i. 1. The act of seducing; seduction. 

2. The means employed to seduce ; the arts of flattery, 
falsehood and deception. Pope. 

SE-Du'CER, n. 1. One that seduces ; one that entices an- 
other to depart from the path of rectitude and duty ; one 
that persuades a female to surrender her chastity. 2. That 
which leads astray ; that which entices to evil. 

SE-Du'CI-BLE, a. Capable of being drawn aside from the 
path of rectitude ; corruptible. Brown. 

SE-Du'CING, ppr. Enticing from the path of virtue or 
"chastity. 

SE-DU€'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. seduc^io.] 1. The act of sedu- 
cing, or of enticing from the path of duty. 2. .appropri- 
ately, the act or crime of persuading a female, by flattery 
or deception, to surrender her chastity. 

SE-DUCTIVE, a. Tending to lead astray ; apt to mislead 
by flattering appearances. Stephens. 

SE-BU'LI-TY, 71. [L. sedulitas ; Lt. sedulitd.] Diligent and 
assiduous application to business ; constant attention ; 
unremitting industry in any pursuit. It denotes constancy 
and perseverance rather than intenseness of application. 

SED'U-LOUS, a. [L. sedulus.] Assiduous ; diligent in ap- 
plication or pursuit ; constant, steady and persevering 
in business or in endeavors to effect an object ; steadily 
industrious. 

SED'U-LOUS-LY, ffidz). Assiduously; industriously; dili- 
gently ; with constant or continued application. 

SED'U-LOUS-NESS, Ti. Assiduity; assiduousness; steady 
diligence ; continued industry or effort. 

SEE, n. [Fr. siege ; Scot, sege.] 1. The seat of episcopal 
power ; a diocese ; the jurisdiction of a bishop. 2. The 
seat of an archbishop; a province or jurisdiction of an 
archbishop. 3. The seat, place or office of the pope or 
Roman pontiff. 4. The authority of the pope or court of 
Rome. 

SEE,tJ. t. pret. saw ; pp. seen. [Sax. seen, seogan, geseon ; 
G. sehcn ; D. zien ; Dan. seer ; Sw. se.] 1. To perceive 
by the eye ; to have knowledge of the existence and ap- 
parent qualities of objects by the organs of sight ; to be- 
hold. 2. To observe ; to note or notice ; to know ; to 
regard or look to ; to take care. 3. To discover ; to de- 
scry ; to understand. 4. To converse or have intercourse 
with. 5. To visit. 6. To attend ; to remark or notice. 
7. To behold with patience or sufferance ; to endure. — 8. 
In Scripture, to hear or attend to. 9. To feel ; to suffer ; 
to experience. 10. To know ; to learn. 11. To perceive ; 
to understand ; to comprehend. 12. To perceive ; to un- 
derstand experimentally. 13. To beware. 14. To know 
by revelation. 15. To have faith in and rehance on. IG. 
To enjoy ; to have fruition of. 

SEE, V. i. 1. To have the power of perceiving by the prop- 
er organs, or the power of sight. 2. To discern ; to have 
intellectual sight ; to penetrate ; to understand. 3. To 
examine or inquire. 4. To be attentive. 5. To have 
full understanding, — See to it, look well to it ; attend j 
consider ; take care. — Let me see, let us see, are used to 
express consideration, or to introduce the particiiiar con- 
sideration of a subject. 

SEED, 71. [Sax. seed ; G. sant ; D. zaad ; Dan. seed.] 1. The 
substance, animal or vegetable, which nature prepares for 
the reproduction and conservation of the species. 2. That 
from which any thing springs : first principle ; original. 

3. Principle of production. 4. 'Progeny; offspring; chil- 
dren ; descendants. 5. Race ; generation ; birth. 

SEED, V. i. 1. To grow to maturity, so as to produce seed 
Sicift. 2. To shed the seed. Mortimer. 

SEED, V. t. To sow ; to sprinkle with seed, which germi- 
nates and takes root. Belknap. 

SEED'-BUD, n. [seed and bud.] The gerjn, germen or 
rudiment of the fruit in embryo. 

SEED'-CAKE, n. [seed and cake.] A sweet cake contain- 
ing aromatic seeds. Tusser. 

SEED'-€oAT, n. In botany, the outer coat of a seed. 

SEED -Leaf, n. In botany, the primary leaf. 

SEED'ED, a. Bearing seed ; covered thick with seeds. 
Fletcher. Interspersed as with seeds. B. Johnson. 

SEED'ER, n. [Sax. scedere.] One who sows. 

SEED'LING, 71. A yoimg plant or root just sprung from the 
seed. Evelyn. 

SEED'-LIP, I n. A vessel in which a sower carries the 

SEED'-LOP, \ seed to be dispersed. England. 

SEED'LOBE, n. The lobe of a seed ; a cotyledon. 

t SEED'NESS, n. Seed tune. 

SEED'-PEARL, n. Small grains of pearl Boyle. 

SEED'-PLAT, } n. 1. The ground on which seeds are 

SEED'-PLOT, \ sown to produce plants for transplanting. 
2. A nursery. 

SEEDS'MAN, n. [seed and Tuan.] A person who deals m 
seeds ; also, a sower. Diet. 

SEED'-TlME, n. The season proper for sowing. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, f , long.— FAR, FALL, WH^^T •,— FRgY ;— PtN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



SEG •; 

SEED'VES-SEL, n. In bokiny, the pericai-p which contains 
the seeds. 

SEED A', a. [from seed.] 1. Abounding with seeds. 2. 
Having a peculiar flavor, supposed to be ddrived from the 
weeds growing among tlie vines. 

SEE'l-VG, ppr. [from see.] Perceiving by the eye ; knowing ; 
understandmg ; observing ; beholding. 

[J\/'ote. It is sometimes classed among adverbs, but is prop- 
erly a paniciple, and is used iadefinitely, or without direct 
reference to a person or persons, as, " W'herefore come ye 
to me, seeing ye hate me ?" Gen. xxvi. ; that is, since, or 
the fact being that or thus ; because that.] 

SEE'ING, /(. Sight; vision. Skak. 

STuEK, v. t. ipret. a.nd pp. sought, pronounced sawt. [Sax. 
secaii, scEcan, gesecun ; G, suchen ; D. zoeken.] 1. I'o go 
in search or quest of; to look for ; to search for by going 
from place to place. 2. To inquire for ; to ask for ; to so- 
licit ; to endeavor to find or gain by any means, 3. Seek 
is followed sometimes by out or after. 

SEEK, c.i. 1. To make search or inquiry; to endeavor 
to make discovery. 2. To endeavor. — To seek after, to 
make pursuit ; to attempt to find or take. — To seek far, to 
endeavor to find. KnoUes. — To seek to, to apply to; to 
resort to. 1 Kings x. 

SEEKER, 7i. 1. One that seeks ; an inquirer. 2. One of a 
sect that professes no determinate religion. Johnson. 

SEEK-SOR-ROW, n. [seek and sorrow.] One that con- 
trives to give himself vexation. [Little used.] Sidney. 

SEEL, V. t. [Fr- sceller.^ To close the eyes; a term of 
falconry, from the practice of closing the eyes of a wild 
hawk. 

t SEEL, r. i. [Sax. swZa??.] To lean ; to incline to one side. 

t SEEL, } n. The rolling or agitation of a ship in a 

fSEELIXG, \ storm. Ainsworth. 

I S1:EL, n. [Sax. s(EL.] Time ; opportunity ; season. 

I SEEL I-Ll , ado. In a silly manner. 

fSEEL'l, a. 1. Lucky; fortunate. Spenser. 2. Silly ; fool- 
ish ; simple ; [see Silly.] Tusser. 

SEEM, i". i. [G. ziemen, geziemen ; T). ziceemen.] 1. To 
appear ; to make or have a show or semblance. 2. To have 
the appearance of truth or fact ; to be understood as true. 

t SEEM, V. t. To become ; to befit. Spenser. 

SEEM ER, n. One that carries an appearance or semblance. 

SEEM'IXG, ppr. 1. Appearing ; having the appearance or 
semblance, whether real or not. 2. a. Specious. 

SEE.M ING, 11. 1. Appearance ; show ; semblance. 2. 
Fair appearance. 3. Opinion or liking ; favorable opin- 
ion ; [obs.] 

SEE-ML\G-LY, a 
blance. Addison. 

SEEM'IXG-XESS, n. Fair appearance ; plausibility. 

t SEE_M LESS, a. Unseemly; unfit; indecorous. 

SEEM LI-XESS, n. Comeliness ; gi-ace ; fitness ; propriety ; 
decency ; decorum. Camden. 

SEEMLY", a. [G. ziemlich i Dan. sommeUg.] Becoming; 
fit ; suited to the object, occasion, purpose or character ; 
suitable. 

SEEM'LY, adv. In a decent or suitable manner. 

I SEEM'LY-HED, n. Comely or decent appearance. 

SEEX"^, pp. of see. 1. Beheld ; observed ; understood. 2. a. 
Vei-sed ; skilled ; [obs.] 

SEER, n. [from see.] 1. One who sees. 2. A prophet ; a 
pei-son who foresees future events. 1 Sajn. ix. 

SEER'WOOD. See Sear, and Sear-wood, dry wood. 

SEE'-SAW, n. A vibratory or reciprocating motion. 

SEE -SAW, r. i. To move with a reciprocating motion ; to 
move backward and forward, or upward and downward. 

SEETHE, V. t. ; pret. seethed, sod ; pp. seethed, sodden. [Sax. 
seathan, seothan, sythan : D. lieden ; G. sieden.] To boil, 
to decoct or prepare for food in hot liquor. 

SEETHE, V. i. To be in a state of ebullition ; to be hot. 

SEETHED, pp. Boiled ; decocted. 

SEETH ER, 7i. A boiler ; a pot for boiling things. 

SEExiriXG, ;j;)r. Boihng ; decocting. 

jSEG, n. Sedge. 

SEG, 71. A castrated bull. JVorth of England. 

SEG'HOL, 77. A Hebrew vowel-point^ or short vowel, 
thus •.•, indicating the sound of the English e in men. 
M. Stuart. 

SEGHO-LATE, a. Marked with a seghol. 

SEG MEXT, V. [Fr. ; L. segmentum.] 1. In geometry, that 
part of the circle contained between a chord and an arch 
of that circle, or so much of the circle as is cut off" by the 
chord. — 2. In general, a part cut oflF or divided; as the 
segments of a calvx. 

t SEG XI-TUDE, I n. [L. segjiis.] Sluggishness ; inactiv- 

+ SEG'XI-TY, ] ity. 

SEG RE-GATE, v. t. [L. segrego.] To separate from oth 
ers ; to set apart. Sherwood. 

SEG'RE-GATE, a. Select. [Little v^cd.] Wotton. 

SEG RE-GA-TED, pp. Separated ; parted from others 

SEG'RE-GA-TtXG, ppr. Separating. 

SEG-RE-Ga'TION, 71. [Fr.] Separation from others ; a 
parting. Skak. 



"37 



SEL 



<j. In appearance ; in show 



SEIGN-Eu'RI-AL, (seen-yu're-al) a. [Fr.J L Pertaining to 
the lord of a manor; manorial. 2. Vested with large 
jowers ; independent 

SKIGNIOR, (seeuyur) n. [Fr. seigneur; It. signore; Sp. 
senor ; Port, senhor ; from L. senior.] A lord ; the lord 
cf a manor ; but used also in the south of Europe as a 
title of honor. 

SeIGX'IOR-AGE, (seen'yur-aje) n. A royal right or \v,;.g- 
ative of the king of England, by which he claims an 
allowance of gold and silver brought in the mass to be 
exchanged for coin. 

SEIGX-l6'RI-AL, (seen-yo're-al). TJie same as seisrneurial. 

SeIGX'IOR-IZE, (seen'yur-izej v. t. To lord it over. [L. u.] 

SeIGXTO-RY, (seen'yo-ry) 7i, [Yx. seigneur ie.] ' A lord- 
ship ; a manor, 2. The power or authority of a lord ; 
dominion. 

SeIX, 77. [Sax. segne ; Fr. seine ; Arm. seigne.] A large 
jiet for catching fisit 

SeIX'ER, 71. A fislier with a sein or net. [Little used.] 

Se'I-TY, 77. [L. se, one's self.] Something peculiar to a 
man's self. [JVot well authorized.] Tatler. 

SeIZ'A-BLE, a. That may be seized ; liable t.-> be taken. 

Seize, v. t. [Fr. saisir ; Arm. sesiza, or sesya.] 1. To fall 
or rush upon suddenly and lay hold on ; or to gi'ipe or 
gi-asp suddenly. 2. To take possession by force, with 
or witliout right. 3. To invade suddenly ; to take hold 
of; to come upon suddenly. 4. To take possession by 
virtue of a warrant or legal authority. 5. To fasten ; to 
fix. — In seamen's language, to fasten two ropes or ditferent 
parts of one rope together with a cord. — To be seized of, 
to have possession. Spenser. — To seize on or 772*071, is to fall 
on and grasp ; to take hold on. 

SkI7,ED, pp. Suddenly caught or grasped ; taken by force ; 
invaded suddenly ; taken possession of; fastened with a 
_cord ; havmg possession. 

SeIZ'ER, 77. One that seizes. 

SeIZ'IX^, 77. [Fr. 5a;*-7He.] 1. In Zaro, possession. Seizin is 
of two sorts, seizin in deed, or fact, and seizin in law. 
Seizin in fact or deed is actual or corporal possession : 
seizin in law is when something is done which the law 
accounts possession or seizin, as enrollment, or when lands 
descend to an heir, but he has not yet entered on them. 

2. The act of taking possession ; [not used except in law.l 

3. The thing possessed ; possession. 

Seizing, ppr. Failing on and grasping suddenly ; laying 

hold on suddenly ; fastening. 
SeIZ'IXG, n. 1. The act of taking or grasping suddenly. 

— 2. In seamen's language, the operation of fastening to- 

jether ropes with a cord. 
SeI'ZOR, n. One who seizes. Wheaton. 
Seizure, 77. I. The act of seidng; the act of laying 

hold on suddenly. 2. The act of taking possession by 

force. 3. The act of taking by warrant. 4. The ihiag 

taken or seized. 5. Gripe : grasp ; possession 6. Catch ; 

jL catching. 
Se'JANT, a. In heraldry, sitting, like a cat with the fore 

feet straight ; applied to a lion or other beast. 
SE-JOIN', v. t. To separate. Wkately. A Scottish loord. 
SE-JtJ'GOUS, a. [L. sejugis.] In botany, a sejugous leaf is 

a pinnate leaf having sfx pairs of leaflets. 
SE-JUN€'TI0N, 71 [L. sejmictio.] The act of disjoining ; 

a disuniting; separation. [Little used.] Pearson. 
SE-JUNG'I-BLE, a. That may be disjoined. [Little 

it-sed.] 
t SEKE, for sick. See Sick. Chaucer. 
fSEL'eOUTH, a. [Sax. sel, seld, and couth.] Rarely 

known ; unusual ; uncommon. Spenser. 
SELDOM, adv. [Sax, selden, seldon ; D. zelden; G. selten.] 

Rarely ; not often ; not frequently. 
SEL'BOil, a. Rare ; unfrequent. [Little used.] Milton 
SEL'DOftl-NESS, 77. Rareness ; uncommonness ; infrequen- 

cy. Hooker. 
\ SELD'SHoWN, a. Rarely shown or exhibited. 
SE-LECT', i). f. [L. selectus.] To choose and take from 

a number; to take by preference from among others; to 

pick out ; to cull. 
SE-LECT', fl. Xicely chosen; taken from a number by 

preference; choice; whence, preferable; more valuable 

or excellent than others. 
SE-LE€T'ED, pp. Chosen and taken by preference from 

among a number ; picked ; culled. 
SE-LE€T'ED-LY, adv. With care in selection. 
SE-LECT'IX^G, ;7;7?-. Choosing and taking from a number; 

picking out ; culling. 
SE-LEC'TIOX, n. [L. selectio.] 1. The act of choosing 

and taking from among a number ; a taking from a num- 
ber by preference. 2. A number of things selected or 

taken from others by preference. 
SE-LE€T'IVE, a. Selecting ; tending to select. [Unusual.] 
SE-LE€T'MAN, n. [select and man.] In JVew England, a 

town officer chosen annually to manage the concerns of 

the town, provide for the poor. &c. 
SE-LECT'NESS, n. The state of being select or well 

chosen. 



See Synopsis 



MOVE, BQOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH j TH as in this. 

'47 



t Obsolete 



SEL 



738 



SEL 



»E-LE€T'OR, 71. [L.] One that selects or chooses from 

among a number. 
>SE-LE']>rt-ATE, 71. A conipoandofselenic acid with a base. 
SE-LEN'I€, a. Pertaining to selenium, or extracted from it. 
tiEL'EN-lTE, n. [Gr <7i\>7vtr?;f.] Foliated or crystalized 

sulphate of linae. 
SEL-E-NIT'I€, / a. Pertaining to selenite ; resembling 
SEL-E-NIT'I-CAL, \ it, or partaking of its nature and 

properties. 
SE-Le'NI-UM, 7^. A new elementary body or substance, 

extracted from the pyrites of Fahlun in Sweden. 
SEL-E-NIU'RET, or SEL-E-Nu'RET, n. A mineral, of a 

shining lead-gray color. 

SEL-E-NO-GRAPH'i-€AL, \ «' belonging to selenography. 

SEL-E-NOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. c£\vvri and ypa(j>i>i.-\ A de- 
scription of the moon and its phenomena. 

SELF, a. or pron. ; pla Selves ; used chiefly in composi- 
tion. [Sax. self, sijlf; Goth, silba : Sw. sieif; Dan. selv ; 
G. sdbst ; D. zeZ/.'] 1. In old authors, this word some- 
times signifies particular, very, or same. — 2. In present 
usage, self is united to certain personal pronouns and pro- 
nonxinal adjectives, to express emphasis or distinction ; 
also when the pronoun is used reciprocally ; as, / myself. 
3. Self is sometimes used as a noun, noting the indi- 
vidual subject to liis own contemplation or action, or not- 
ing identity of person. Consciousness makes every one 
to be what be calls self. 4. It also signifies personal in- 
terest, or love of private interest ; selfishness. — Self is 
much used in composition. 

SELF-A-BaS'ED, (self-a-basf) a. [self and ahase-l Hum- 
bled by conscious guilt or shame. 

SELF-A-BaSE'MENT, 71. Humiliation or abasement pro- 
ceeding fmm consciousness of inferiority or guilt. 

SELF-A-BaS'ING, a. Humbling by the consciousness of 
guilt or bv shame. 

SELF-A-BuSE', n. [scZ/ and a^Mse.] The abuse of one's 
own person or powers . Bhak. 

SELF-A€-€uS'ING, a. Accusing one's self, 

SELF-AC-TIVI-TY, 71. Self-motion, or the power of mov- 
ing one's self without foreign aid. Bentley. 

SELF-AD-MI-Ra'TION, n. Admiration of one's self. 

SELF-AD-MlR'ING, a. Admiring one's self. Scott. 

SELF-AF-F AIRS', 7J. pZit. [self ani affair.] One's own pri- 
vate business. Shak. 

BELF-AF-FRIGHT'ED, a. Frightened at one's self. 

SELF-AP-PLAUSE', n. Applause of one's self. 

SELF-AP-PROV'ING, a. That approves of one's own con- 
duct. Pope^ 

SELF-AS-SuM'ED, (se\f-as-sumd') a. Assumed by one's 
own act or without authority. Mitford. 

SELF-BAN'ISHED, a. Exiled voluntarily. 

SELF-BE-GOT'TEN, a. Begotten by one's own powers. 

SELF'-BORN, a. Born or produced by one's self. 

SELF-CEN'TRED, a. Centred in itself. 

SELF-CHAR'I-TY, n. Love of one's self. 

SELF-€OM-Mu'NI-€A-TlVE, a. [self s^nd. communicative.] 
Imparted or communicated by its own powers. JYorris. 

SELF-CON-CeIT', 71. [self and conceit.] A high opinion of 
one's self; vanity. 

SELF-€ON-CeIT'ED, a. Vain ; having a high or over- 
weening opinion of one's own person or merits. 

SELP-CON-CeIT'ED-NSSS, 11. Vanity ; an overweening 
opinion of one's own person or accomplishments. 

SELF-€0N'FI-DENCE, n. Confidence in one's own judg- 
ment or ability ; reliance on one's own opinion or powers 

SELF-€0N'FI-DENT, a. Confident of one's own strength 
or powers ; relyins on one's own judgment. 

SELF-€0N-FID'ING, a. Confiding in one's own judgment 
or powers, without the aid of others. Pops. 

SELF-eON'SCIOUS, a. Conscious in one's self. 

SELF-€0N'SCI0US-NESS, 71. Consciousness within one's 
self. Locke. 

SELF-€ON-SID'ER-ING, a. [seZfand consider.] Consider- 
ing in one's own mind ; deliberating. Pope. 

SELF-CON-StJM'ING, a. That consumes itself. 

SELF-eON-TRA-DI€'TION, n. The act of contradicting 
itself; repugnancy in terms. 

SELF-€ON-TRA-DI€T'0-RY, a. Contradicting itself. 

SELF-€ON-VI€T'ED, a. [.yeZfand convict.] Convicted by 
one-s own consciousness, knowledge or avowal. 

?ELF-€ON-VI€'TION, n. Conviction proceeding from 
one's own consciousness, knowledge or confession. 

SELF-€RE-aT'ED; a. Created by one's self; not formed 
or constitut_ed by another. Mdncr. 

SELF-DE-CeIT', 71. Deception respecting one's self, or that 
originates from one's own mistake ; self-deception. 

SELF-DE-CkLV'ED, (self-de-seevd') a. Deceived or misled 
respecting oiie's self by one's own mistake or error. 

SELF-DE-CeIV'ING, a. Deceiving one's self. 

SEIiF-DE-CEP'TION, n. Deception concerning one's self, 
proceeding from one's own mistake. 

SELF-DE-FENSE', (self-deafens') n. The act of defending 
one's own person, property or reputation. 



SELF-DE-LU'SION, n. [self ana drJusion.] The delusion 
of one's self, or respecting one's self South. 

SELF-DE-Nl'AL, n. The denial of one's self; the forbear- 
ing to gratify one's own appetites or desires. 

SELF-DE-Ny'ING, a. Denying one's self; a forbearing to 
indulge one's own appetites or desires. 

SELF-DE-PEND'ENT, ) a. Depending on one's self 

SELF-DE-PEND'ING, \ Scott. 

SELF-DE-STRU€'TION, n. [self and destruction.] The 
destruction of one's self; voluntary destruction. 

SELF-DE-STRU€'TIVE, a. Tending to the destruction of 
one's self. 

SELF-DE-TERM-1-Na TION, n. Determination by one's 
own mind ; or determination by its own powers, without 
extraneous impulse or influence. 

SELF-DE-TERM'IN-ING, a. Determining by or of itself; 
determining or deciding without extraneous power or in- 
fluence. 

GELF-DE-VoT'ED, a. [self and devote.] Devoted in per- 
son, or voluntarily devoted in person. 

SELF-DE-VoTE'MENT, 71. The devoting of one's person 
and services voluntarily to any difiicult or hazardous em - 
ployment. 

SELF-DE-V0_UR'ING, a. Devouring one's self or itself, 

SELF-DIF-Fu'SiVE, a. [self and diffusive.] Having pow- 
er to diffiise itself ; that diffuses itself. JVorris. 

SELF-EN-JOY'MENT, n. [self and enjoyment.] Internal 
satisfaction or pleasure. 

SELF-E-STEEM', n. [self and esteem.'] The esteem or 
good opinion of one's self, Milton. 

SELF-ES-TI-Ma'TION, 71. The esteem or good opinion of 
one's self. Milner. 

SELF-EV'I-DENCE, n. Evidence or certainty resulting 
from a proposition without proof; evidence that ideas of- 
fer to the mind upon bare statement. 

SELF-EV'I-DENT, a. Evident without proof or reasoning ; 
that produces certainty or clear conviction upon a bare 
presentation to the mind. 

SELF-EV'I-DENT-LY, adv. By means of self-evidence. 

SELF-EX-AL-Ta'TION, 71. The exaltation of one's self 

SELF-EX-ALT'ING,a. Exalting one's self. 

SELF-EX-AM-IN-a'TION, 71. An examination or scrutiny 
into one's own state, conduct and motives, particularly in 
regard to religious affections and duties. 

SELF-EX-€US'ING, a. Excusing one's self. Scott. 

SELF-EX-IST'ENCE, n. Inherent existence ; the existence 
possessed by virtue of a being's own nature, and inde 
pendent of any other being or cause ; an attribute peculiar 
to God. 

SELF-EX-IST'ENT, a. Existing by its own natm-e or es- 
sence, independent of any other cause. 

SELF-FLAT'TER-ING, a. Flattering one's self. 

BELF-FLAT'TER-Y, n. Flattery of one's self. 

SELF-GLo'RI-OTjS, a. [self tind glorious.] Springing from 
vain glorv or vanity ; vain ; boastful. Dryden. 

SELF-HaRM'ING, a. [self and harm.] Injuring or hurting 
one's self or itself. Sharp. 

SELF'-HEAL, 71. [self and heal.] A plant. 

SEIiF-HEAL'ING, a. Having the power or property of 
healing itself. 

SELF-HOM'I-CTDE, n. The killing of one's self. 

SELF-I'DOL-IZED, a. Idolized by one's self. Cowper. 

SELF-IM-PART'ING, a. [self and impart.] Imparting by 
its own povv'ers and will. JSTorris. 

SELF-IM-POST'URE, n. [self and imposture.] Imposture 
practiced on one's self. South. 

SELF-IN'TER-EST, 71. [self and inte7-est.] Private inter- 
est ; the interest or advantage of one's self. 

SELF-IN'TER-EST-ED, a. Having self-interest ; particu- 
larly concerned for one's self. 

SELF-JUS'TI-Fl-ER, n. One who excuses or justifies him- 
self. 

SELF-KIN'DLED, a. [self and kindle.] Kindled of itself, 
or without extraneous aid or power. Dryden. 

SELF-KNoW'ING, a. [self and know.] Knowing of itself, 
or without communication from another. 

SELF-ItNOWL'EDGE, (self-nol'ledje) n. The knowledge 
of one's own real character, abilities, worth or demerit. 

SELF'-LoVE, 77. [self and love.] The love of one's own 
person or happiness. Pope. , 

SELF-LoV'ING, a. Loving one's self, Walton. 

SELF'-MET-AL, n. The same metal. 

SELF-MoTION, v.. Motion given by inherent powers, 
without external impulse ; spontaneous motion. 

SELF-MoV'ED, (self-mbvd') a. [5e//and7Ko?)c.] Moved by 
inherent power, without the aid of external impulse. Pope. 

SELF-MoV'ING, a. Moving or exciting to action by inhe- 
rent power, without the impulse of another body or extra- 
neous influence. 

SELF-MUR'DER, 7!.. The murder of one's self ; suicide. 

SELF-MUR'DER-ER, n. One who voluntarily destroys his 
own life. 

SELF-NEG-LECT'ING, n. A neglecting of one's self. 

SELF-O-PIN'ION, 71. One's own opinion. 



* Set Synopsis. A, E. T, O, O, ■?, Zoreg-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY -.—PIN MARINE BIRD — t OhsoUtc. 



SEM 



739 



SEM 



BELF-O-PIN lONED, a. Valuing one's own opinion highly. 

SELF-PAS,-TIAIi'l-TY, 71. That partiality by which a man 
overrates^ his own worth when compared with others. 

SELF-FLeAS'ING, a. [self and jj/ea^e.] Pleasing one's 
self, gratifying one's own wishes. Bacon. 

SELF'PRaISE, ?i. [self rinA ■praise.'] The praise of one's 
self; s^lf-applause. Broome. 

SELF-PREF'ER-ENCE, n. [self and preference.] The 
preference of one's self to others. 

SELF-PRES-ER-Va'TION, n. The preservation of one's 
self from destruction or injury. Milton. 

SELF-RE-PEL'LEN-CY, w. [selfAuArepellency.l The in- 
herent power of repulsion in a body. Black. 

SELF-RE-PEL'LLVG, a. [seZ/and re;)eZ.] Repelling by its 
own inherent power. 

SELF-RE-PRoV'ED, (self-re-provd') a. [self d,nA reprove.] 
Reproved by consciousness or one's own sense of guilt. 

SELF-RE-PROV'ING, a. Reproving by consciousness. 

SELF-RE-PROV'ING, n. The act of reproving by a con- 
scious sense of guilt. S/ta/i;. 

SELF-RE-STRaIN'ED, (self-re-strand') a. Restrained by 
itself, or by one's own power or will ; not controlled by 
external force _or authority, 

SELF-RE-STRaIN'ING, a. Restraining or controlling it- 
self. 

SELF'-S AME, a. [self and same.] Numerically the same ; 
the very same ; identical. Scripture. 

SELF'-SEEK-ING, a. [self ?iTid seek.] Seeking one's own 
interest or happiness ; selfish. Arbuthnot. 

SELF-SLAUGH'TER, (self-slaw'ter) n. [self and slaugh- 
ter.] The slaughter of one's self. Shak. 

SELF-SUB-DU'ED, (self-sub-dud') a. [self and suhdue.] 
Subdued by one's own power or means. Shak. 

SELF-SUB- VERS'IVE, a. Overturning or subverting itself. 
J. P. Smith. 

SELF-SUF-Fl"CIEN-CY, n. An overweening opinion of 
one's own st>-ength or worth ; excessive confidence in 
one's own competence or sufficiency. 

SELF-SUF-Fi"CIENT, a. Having full confidence in one's 
own strength, abilities or endowments ; whence, haughty ; 
overbearing. 

SELF-TOR-MENT'ER, n. One who torments himself. 

SELF-TOR-MENT'ING, a. [self and torment.] Torment- 
ing one's self ; as, self -tormenting- sin. Crashaio. 

SELF-VAL'U-ING, a. EsteemJng one's self. Parnell. 

SELF-WILL', 71. One's own will ; obstinacy. 

SELF-WILL'ED, (self-willd') a. Governed by one's own 
will ; not yielding to the will or wishes of others ; not ac- 
commodating or compliant ; obstinate. 

SELF-WRONG', w. [self and wrong.] Wrong done by a 
person to himself. Shak. 

SELF'ISH, a. Regarding one's own interest chiefly or sole- 
ly ; influenced in actions by a view to private advantage. 

SELF'ISH-LY, adv. In a selfish manner; Avith regard to 
private interest only or chiefly. Pope. 

SELF'ISH-NESS, n. The exclusive regard of a person to his 
own interest or happiness ; or that supreme self-love or 
self-preference, whicii leads a person in his actions to di- 
rect his purposes to the advancement of his own interest, 
power or happiness, without regarding the interest of 
others. 

tSELF'NESS,n. Self love; selfishness. Sidney. 

SELL, for self; and sells, for selves. [Scot.] B. Jonson. 

tSELL, 71. [Fr. selle ; L. sella.] A saddle, and a throne. 

SELL, V. t. ; pret. and pp. sold. [Sax. selan, sellan, STjlan, 
or syllan; Sw.salia; Ice. sella; Dan. salger.] 1. To 
transfer property or the exclusive right of possession to 
another for an equivalent in money. It is correlative to 
hmj, as one party buys what the other sells. It is distin- 
guished from exchangeoY barter, in which one commodity 
is given for another ; whereas in selling the consideration 
is money, or its representative in current notes. 9. To 
betray ; to deliver or surrender for money or a reward. 
3. To yield or give for a consideration. — 4. In Scripture, 
to give up to be harassed and made slaves. 5. To part 
with ; to renounce or forsake. 

SELL, V. i. 1. To have commerce ; to practice sellin"-. '^ 
To be sold. 

SEL'LAN-DER, n. A dry scab in a horse's hough. 

SELL'ER, 71. The person that sells ; a vender. 

SELL'ING, ppr. 1. Transferring the property of a thins (of 
a price. 2. Betraying for money. 

SELVEDGE, n. [D. zelf-kant.] The edge of cloth, where 
it is closed by complicating the threads ; a woven border, 
or border of close work. 

SELV'EDGED, a. Having a selvedge. 

SELVES, plu. of self. 

t SEM'BLA-BLE, a. [Fr.] Like ; similar ; resembling. 

t SEM'BLA-BLY, adv. In like manner. Shak. 

SEM'BLANCF, n. [Fr. ; It. sembiama.] 1. Likeness , re- 
semblance ; actual similitude. 2. Appearance ; show ; 
figure ; form. Fairfax. 

t SEM'Bl ANT, n. Show ; figure ; resemblance. Spenser. 

t SEM'BLANT, a. Like ; resembUng. Prior. 



t SEM'BLA-TIVE, a. Resembling ; fit ; suitable 

t SEM'BLE, V. t. [Fr. sembler.] To imitate ; to make sim ■ 
liar. 

SEM'I, [L. ; Gr. Ty/^t,] in composition, signifies half. 

SEM'I-A-CID I-FlED,a.or;>;,. Half acidified. See Acidift 

SEM'I-AM-PLEX I-€AUL, a. [L. scmi,aiuplexus.] In bot- 
any, embracing the stem half way, as a leaf. 

SEM'1-AN'NU-AL, a. [semi and a/umaZ.] Halfyearlv 

SEM'I-AN'NU-AL-LY, adv. Every half year. 

SEM'I-AN'NU-LAR, a. [L. semi and annulvs ] Having the 
figure of a half circle ; that is, half round 

SEM'I-AP'ER-TURE, n. The half of an aperture 

SEM'I-a'RI-AN, 71. In ecclesiastical history, the Semi-Ari- 
ans were a branch of the Arians, who in appearance con- 
demned the errors of Arius, but acquiesced in some clhis 
principles. 

SEM'I-a'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to Semi-Arianism. 

SEM'I-A RI-AN-ISM, n. The tenets of the Semi-Arians. 

SEM'I-BAR-Ba'RI-AN, a. [semi and barbaria7i.] Half sav 
age ; partially civilized. Mitford. 

SEM'I-BPi,EVE, n. [semi and breve ; formerly written sem- 
ibref] In music, a note of half the duration or time of the 
breve. 

SEM'I-€AL'ClNED, a. [semi and calcine.] Half calcined 

SEM'I-€AS'TRATE, v. t. To deprive of one testicle. 

SEM'I-eAS-TRA'TION, 7i. Half castration ; deprivation of 
one testicle. Brown. 

SEM'I-CtR-€LE, 71. 1. The half of a circle ; the part of a 
circle comprehended between its diameter and half of its 
circumference. 2. Any body in the form of a half circle. 

SEM'I-CiR-€LED, or SEM-I-CiR'€U-LAR, a. Having the 
form of_a half circle. Addison. 

SEIVl'I-€o-LON, n. [semi and colon.] In grammar and 
punctuation, the point [;]. 

SEM'I-€0-LUM'NAR,a. [se7?7i and colum7iar.] Like a half 
column ; flat on one side and round on the other. 

SEM'I-GOM-PAGT', a. [semi and compact.] Half compact ; 
imperfectly indurated. Kirican. 

SEM'I-€RUS-TA'CEOUS, a. Half crustaceous. 

SEM'I-CY-LIN'DRI€, ) u ,^ ,• ^ ■ , r 

SEM'I-CY-LIN'DRI-€AL, \ °- Half cylmdncal. Lee. 

SEM'I -DE-IS'TI-€AL, a. Half deistical ; bordering on do- 
ism. 

SEM'I-DI-AM'E-TER, n. Half the diameter ; a riglit line 
or the length of a right line drawn from the centre of a 
circle or spliere to its circumference or periphery ; a radius 

SEM'I-Dl-AP-A'SON, 71. In music, an imperfect octave, or 
an octave diminished by a lesser semitone. 

SEM'I-DI-A-PEN'TE, 71. An imperfect fifth ; a hemi-dia- 
pente. 

SEM'I-DT-APH-A-Ne'I-TY, 71. [See Semidiaphanous.] 
Half or imperfect transparency. [Little used.! BoijU 

SEM'I-DI-APH'A-NOUS, a. [semi and diaj.:.anous.] Half 
or imperfectly transparent. Woodward. 

SEM'I-DI-A-TES'SA-RON, 71 [semi and diatessaron ] In 
music, an imperfect or defective fourth. 

SEM'I-DI-TONE, n. [semi, and It. ditono.] In music, a les- 
ser third, having its terms as 6 to 5 ; a hemi-ditone. 

SEM'I-DoUB'LE, 71. [semi and double.] In the Romisk 
breviary, an office or feast celebrated with less solemnity 
than the double ones, but with more than the single ones. 

SEM'I-FLO-RET, 7!. [semi and floret.] A half floret. 

SEM-I-FL0S'€U-L0US, a. [semi, and 'L.flosculus. Semi- 
floscular is also used, but is less analogical.] Composed of 
semiflorets ; ligulate. 

SEM'I-FLtJ'ID, a. [semi and fluid.] Imperfectly fluid. 

SEM'I-FORMED, a. Half formed ; imperfectly formed. 

SEM'I-IN'DU-RA-TED, a. [semi and indurated.] Imper- 
fectly indurated or hardened. 

SEM'I-LA-PID'I-FlED, a. [semi and lapidified.]' Imper- 
fectly changed into stone. Kirwan. 

SEM'I-LEN-TI€'U-LAR, a. [semi and le7iticular .] Half 
lenticular or convex; imperfectly resembling a lens. 

SEM-I-Lu NAR, / a. [Fr. semilunaire.] Resembling in 

SEM-l-Lu'NA-RY, ^ form a half moon. 

SEM'I-MET'AL, n. [semi and metal.] An imperfect metal, 
or rather a metal that is not malleable, as bismuth, zink. 

SEM'l-ME-TAL'LI€, a. Pertaining to a semi-metal, or par- 
taking of its nature and qualities. Kirwan. 

SEM'i-NAL, a. [Fr. ; L. seminalis.] 1. Pertaining to seed, 
or to the elements of production. 2. Contained in seed ; 
radical ; rudimental ; original. Swift. — Seminal-leaf, the 
same as seed-leaf. 

SEM'I-NAL, 71. Seminal state. Brozon. 

SEM-I-NAL'I-TY, n. The nature of seed ; or the power ol 
being produced. Brown. 

SEM'I-NA-RIST, n. A Romish priest educated in a semina- 
ry. Sheldon. 

SEM'I-NA-RY, 71. [Fr. seminaire ; 1,. seminarium.] 1. A 
seed-plat; groun* where seed is sown for producing 
plants for transplantation ; a nursery. 2. The place or 
original stock whence any thing is brought ; [obs.] 3. 
Seminal state ; [obs.] 4. Source of propagation. 5. A 
place of education ; any school, academy, college or uni 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as m (Ais j Obsolete 



SEM 



740 



SEN 



versity, in which young persons are instructed in the sev- 
eral branches of learning, 6. A Romish priest educated 
in a seminary ; a seminarist. 
SEM'I-NA-RY, a. Seminal ; belonging to seed. Smith. 
SEM'I-NATE, V. t. [L. semino.} To sow ; to spread ; to 

propagate. Waterhoiise 
8EM-I-NA'TrON, 71. [L. seminatio.] 1. The act of sowing. 

— 2. In botany, the natural dispersion of seeds. Martyn. 
t SEM INED, a. Thick covered, as with seeds. 
SEM-I-NIF'ER-OUS, a [L. semen and fero.] Seed-bear- 
ing ; producing seed. Darwin, 
SEM-I-NIF'I€, \ a. [L. semen and /acio.] Forming or 
SEM-I-NIF'I-€AL, \ producing seed. 
SEM-I-NIF-I-€a'TION, n. Propagation from the seed or 

seminal parts. Hale% 
SEM'I-O-PAaUE', ) a. [lu. sevii wa^ opacus ^ Halftrans- 
SEMI-O-Pa'COUS, i parent only. 
SEMI-o'PAL, n. A variety of opal. Jameson. 
SEM I-OR-Bie U-LAR, a. [semi and oriicular.] Having 

the shape of a half orb or sphere. Martyn. 
SEM'I-OR'DI-NATE, n. In conic sections, a line drawn at 
right angles to and bisected by the axis, and reaching 
from one side of the section to the other. 
SEM I-OS'SE-OUS, a. Half as hard as bone. 
SEMI-O'VATE, a. {scnns.Tni ovate.] Half egg-shaped. 
SEM'I-OX'YG-E-NA-TED, a. Half saturated with oxygen. 
SEM'I-PAL'MATE, ) a. [semi and palmate.] Half pal- 
SEM'I-PAL'MA-TED, S mated or webbed. 
SEM'I-PED, 71. [semi, and L. pes.] A half foot in poetry. 
* SEM-I-Pe'DAL, a. Containing a half foot. 
SEM'I-PE-La'GI-AN, 71. In ecclesiastical history, the Semi- 
Pelagians are persons who retain some tincture of the doc- 
trines of Pelagius. 
SEM'I-PE-La'GI-AN, a. Pertaining to the Semi-Pelagians, 

or their tenets. 
SEM l-PE-LA'G'i .AN-ISM, n. The doctrines or tenets of the 

Serai-Pelagians. 
SEM'I-PEL-LtJ CID, a. [semi and pellucid.] Half clear, or 

imperfectlv transparent. Woodward. 
SEM I-PEL-LU-CID'I-T Y, n. The quality or state of being 

imperfectlv transparent. 
SEM I-PER-SPI€'U-OUS, a. [semi and perspicuous.] Half 

transparent 5 imperfectly clear. Qreio. 
SEM'I-PHLO-6lS'TI-€A-TED, a. [semi and phlogistica- 

ted.] Partially impregnated with phlogiston. 
SEM I-PRI-MI6'EN-0US, a. [semi and pnmigenous.] In 
geology, of a middle nature between substances of pri- 
mary and secondary formation. 
SEM'I-PROOF, 71. [semi and proof.] Half proof; evidence 

from the testimony of a single witness. [Little tised.] 
SEM I-PRo'TO-LITE, n. [semi, and Gr. Trpwroj and XiQog.} 

A species of ^-^ssil. 
SEMfl-aU^D'RATE, \ n. [L. semi and quadratus.] An 
SEM'I-aUAR'TILE, \ aspect of the planets, when dis- 
tant from' each other the half of a quadrant, or forty-five 
degrees, one sign and a half. 
SEM'I-CtUA-VER, n. [semi and quaver.] In music, a note 
of half the duration of the quaver; the sixteenth of the 
semibreve. 
SEM'I-Q,UA-VER, v. t. To sound or sing in semiquavers. 
SEM'I-aUIN'TILE, n. [L. semi and quintHis.] An aspect 
of the planets, when distant from each other half of the 
quintile, or thirty-s\x degrees. 
SEM'I-SAV'AGE, a. Half savage; half barbarian. 
SEM'I-SAV'A6E, rt One who is half savage or imperfect- 
ly civilized. J. Barlow. 
SEM'I-SEX'TlLE, v. [semi and sextile.] An aspect of the 
planets, when they are distant from each other the twelfth 
part of a circle, or thirty degrees. Bailey. 
SE^I'l-SPHER'ie, \ a. Having the figure of a half 

SE.M'T-SPHER'I-€AL, \ sphere. 
SEM'I-SPHE-ROID'AL, a. Formed like a half spheroid. 
SEM-T-TER'TIAN, ff. [semi Q.nA f.rtian.] Compounded of a 

tertian and quotidian ague. 
SEM-I-TER'TIAN, n. An intermittent compounded of a 

tertian and quotidian. Bailey. 
SEM'I-TONE, n. [semi and tone.] In music, half a tone. 
SEM-I-TON'ie, a. J^rtaining to a semitone ; consisting of 

a semitone. 
SEM'I-TRAN'SEPl , n. [semi and transept.] The haif of a 

transept or cross a^sle. 
SEM'I-TRANS-PaR'ENT, (sem-e-trans-pair'ent) a. [semi 

,ind trn.nsparent.] Half or imperfectlv transparent. 
SEM'I-TRANS-PaR'EN-CY, (sem-e-trans-pair'en-se) n. 

Imperfect transparency ; partial opaqueness. 
FEiM'I-VIT'RE-OUS, «. Partially vitreous. Bigelow. 
SEMT-VIT-RI-FI-Ca'TION, 71. 1. The state of being im- 
perfectlv vitrified. 2. A substance imperfectly vitrified. 
SEM'I-VIT'RI-FIED, a. Half or imperfectly vitrified ; par- 
tially converted into glass. 
SExM'I-Vo-CAL, a. [semi and vocal.] Pertaining to a semi- 
vowel ; half vocal; imperfectly sounding. 
SEM'I-VOW-EL, n. [semiknA. vowel.] In grammar, a. \id\f- 



vowel, or an articulation which is accompanied with an 

imperfect sound. 
SEM-PER-Vi'RENT, a. [L. semper and virens.] Always 

fresh ; evergreen. Lee. 
SEM'PER-VlVE, n. [L. semper and vivus.] A plant. 
SEM-PI-TERN'AL, a. [Fr. sempiterncl ; L. sempitcrnus j 

I. Eternal in futurity ; everlasting ; endless ; having be 

ginning, but no end. 2. Eternal ; everlasting. 
SEM-PI-TERN'I-TY, n. [L. sempiternitas.] Future dura 

tion without end. Hale. t 

t SEM'STER, n. A seamster ; a man who uses a needle. 
SEM'STRESS, n. [Sax. seamstre.] A woman whose busi 

ness is to sew Swift. Often written sempstress. 
SEN, or SENS, adv. Since. Spenser. This word is still 

used by some of our common people for since. 
SEN'A-RY, a. [L. seni^ senarius.] Of six ; belonging l^ 

six ; containing six. 
SEN' ATE, n. [Fr. senat ; It. senato ; Sp. senado ; L. sen- 

at7is.] 1. An assembly or council of senators ; a body of 

the principal inhabitants of a city or state, invested with a 

share in the government. — 2. In tte United States, senate 

denotes the higher branch or house of a legislature. — 3. In 

a looser sense, any legislative or deliberative body ol 

men. 
SEN'ATE-HOUSE, n. A house in which a senate meets, 

or a place of public council. Shak. 
SEN'A-TOR, 71. 1. A member of a senate. 2. A counselor, 

a judge or magistrate. Ps. cv. 
SEN-A-To'RI-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to a senate ; becoming 

a senator. 2. Entitled to elect a senator ; as a senatoriat 

district. _(7. States, 
SEN-A-To'RI-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of a senate , 

with digriity or solemnity. 
t SEN-A-To'RI-AN. The same as senatorial. 
SEN'A-TOR-SHIP, n. The office or dignity of a senator. 
SEND, V. t. j pret. and pp. sent. [Sax. sendan ; Goth, san- 

dyan ; D. zenden ; G. sendeii ; Sw. sanda ; Dan. sender.] 

1. In a general sense, to throw, cast or thrust ; to impel 
or drive by force to a distance. 2. To cause to be con- 
veyed or transmitted. 3. To cause to go or pass from 
place to place. 4. To commission, authorize or direct to gf> 
and act. 5. To cause to come or fall ; to bestow. 6. To 
cause to come or fall ; to inflict. 7. To prcpagate ; to 
diffuse. — To send away, to dismiss ; to cause to depart. — 
To send forth or out. 1. To produce ; to put or bring forth. 

2. To emit. 

SEND, V. i. To dispatch an agent or messenger for some 
purpose, — To send for, to request or require by message 
to come or be brought. 

fSEN'DAL, 71, [Sp. cendal.] A light, thin stuff of silk or 
thread. Chaucer. 

SEND'ER, n. One that sends. Shak. 

SEN'E-GA, ) n, A plantcalled?-aMZeswoite-roo^, of the genus 

SEN'E-KA, [ poly gala, 

SE-NES'CENCE, n, [L. senesco,] The state of growing old ; 
decay by_time. Woodward, 

*SEN'ES-CHAL, n. [Fr. senechal ; It. siniscalco ; Sp. sen- 
escal ; G. seneschalL] A steward ; an officer in the houses 
of princes and dignitaries, who has the superintendence 
of feasts and domestic ceremonies. 

SEN'GREEN, n. A plant, the houseleek. 

Se'NILE, a, [L. senilis,] Pertaining to old age ; proceeding 
from age. Boyle, 

SE-NIL'I-TY, n. Old age. [JVot much used.] Boswell. 

SeN'IOR, (seen'yur) a. [L. senior, comp. oisenex.] Elder or 
^Ider ; but, as an adjective, it usually signifies older in office. 

SeN'IOR, (seen'yur) n. 1. A person who is older than 
another ; one more advanced in life. 2, One that is older 
in office, or one whose first entrance upon an office was 
anterior to that of another. 3. An aged person ; one of 
_the oldest inhabitants. 

SeN-IOR'I-TY, (seen-yor'e-ty) 71. 1. Eldership; superior 
age; priority of birth. 2. Priority in office. 

SEN'NA, n, [Pers., Ar.] The leaf of the cassia senna, a na- 
tive of the East, used as a cathartic. 

SEN'NIGHT, (sen'nit) n. [contracted from sevennight, as 
fortnight fxovci fourteennight.] The space of seven niglit'i 
and days ; a week. 

SE-NO€'U-LAR, a. [L. seni and oculus.] Having six eyes. 
Derham, 

t SEN"S^A-TED, a. Perceived by the senses. 

SEN-Sa'TION, n, [Fr. ; It sensazione ; Sp. sensacion.] The 
perception of external objects by means of the senses 
Encyc. 

SENSE, (sens) n. [Fr. sens ; It. senso ; L, scnsus.] I. The 
faculty of the soul by which it perceives external objects 
by means of impressions made on certain organs of the 
body. 2. Sensation ; perception by the senses. 3. Per- 
ception by the intellect ; apprehension ; discernment. 4. 
Sensibility; quickness or acuteness of perception. 5. Un- 
derstanding ; soundness of faculties ; strength of natural 
reason. 6. Reason ; reasonable or rational meaning. 7 
Opinion ; notion ; judgment. 8. Consciousness ; convic- 
tion. 9. Moral perception. 10. Meaning; import; sig- 



See Synopsis, A, E, T, O, t) ?, long,—YAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete. 



SEN 



^41 



SE? 



niiication. — Common sense, that power of the mind which 
enables the possessor to discern what is right, useful, ex- 
pedient or proper, and adopt the best means to accomplish 
his purpose. — Moral sense, a determination of tlie mind to 
be pleased with the contemplation of those affections, 
actions or characters of rational agents, which are called 
good or virtuous. 

t SENSED, pp. Perceived by the senses. Glanville. 

SENSE'FUL, (sens'ful) a. Keasonable ; judicious. 

SENSE'LESS, (sens'les) a. 1. Wanting the faculty of per- 
ception. -2. Unfeeling ; wanting sympathy. 3. Unrea- 
sonable ; foolish; stupid. 4. Unreasonable; stupid; act- 
ing without sense or judgment. 5. Contrary to reason or 
sound judgment. 6. Wanting knowledge ; unconscious. 
7 Wanting sensibility or quick perception. 

SENSE'LESS-LY, (sens'les-ly) adv. In a senseless manner 3 
stupidly ; unreasonably. 

SENSE'LESS-NESS, (sens'les-nes) n. Unreasonableness ; 
folly ; stupidity ; absurdity. Grew. 

SENS-I-BIL'i-TY, n. [Fr. sensibilite.] 1. Susceptibility of 
impressions ; the capacity of feeling or perceiving the im- 
pressions of external objects. 2. Acuteness of sensation, 
y. Capacity or acuteness of perception ; that quality of the 
soul which renders it susceptible of impressions ; delica- 
cy of feeling. 4. Actual feeling. 5. It is sometimes 
used in the plural. 6. Nice perception, so to speak, of a 
balance ; that quality of a balance which renders it mova- 
ble with the smallest weight. Lavoialer. 

SENS'i-BLE, a. [Er., Sp. ; It. sensibile.] 1. Having tlie ca- 
pacity of receiving impressions from external objects ; ca- 
pable of perceiving by the instrumentality of the proper 
organs. 2. Perceptible by the senses. 3. Perceptible or per- 
ceived by the mind. 4. Perceiving or having perception, 
either by the mind or the senses. Locke. 5. Having moral 
perception ; capable of being affected by moral good or 
evil. 6. Having acute intellectual feeling ; being easily 
or strongly affected. 7. Perceiving so clearly as to be 
convinced ; satisfied ; persuaded. 8. Intelligent ; dis- 
cerning. 9. Moved by a very small weight or impulse. 
10. Affected by a slight degree of heat or cold. 11. Con- 
taining good sense or sound reason. 

SENS'I-BLE, n. Sensation 3 also, whatever may be per- 
ceived. [Little used.'] 

SENS'I-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Possibility of being perceived by 
the senses. 2. Actual perception by the mind or body. 
3. Sensibility ; quickness or acuteness of perception. 4. 
Susceptibility ; capacity of being strongly affected, or ac- 
tual feeling ; consciousness. 5. Intelligence ; reasona- 
bleness ; good sense. 6. Susceptibility of slight impres- 
sions. 

SENS'I-BLY, ado. 1. In a manner to be perceived by the 
senses ; perceptibly to the senses. 2. With perception, 
either of mind or body. 3. Externally ; by affecting the 
senses. 4. With quick intellectual perception. 5. With 
intelligence or good sense ; judiciously. 

SENS'I-TlVE, a. [It., Sp. sensitivo ; Fr. sertsitif ; L. sensi- 
thms.] 1. Having sense or feeling, or having the capacity 
of perceiving impressions from external objects. 2. That 
affects the senses. 3. Pertaining to the senses, or to sen- 
sation ; depending on sensation. 

SENS'I-TiVE-LY, adv. In a sensitive manner. 

gENS'I-TlVE-PLANT, n. A plant of the genus viimosa 
[mimjc,] so called from the sensibility of its leaves. 

SEN-So'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to the sensory or sensorium. 

SEN-SO'RI-UM, ) n. [from L. sensus, seiitio.] 1 . The seat of 

SENS'0-RY, \ sense ; the brain and nerves. 2. Organ 
of sense. 

SENS'U-AL, a. [It. sensuale ; Sp. sensual ; Fr. sensuel.] 1. 
Pertaining to the senses, as distinct from the mind or soul. 
Pope. 2. Consisting in sense, or depending on it. j Af- 
fecting the senses, or derived from them. Hence. 4. In 
theology, carnal ; pertaining to the flesh or body, in oppo- 
sition"to the spirit ; not spiritual or holy ; evil. James iii. 
5. Devoted to the gratification of sense ; given to the in- 
dulgence of the appetites ; lewd ; luxurious. 

SENS' U-AL-IST, n. A person given to the indulgence of 
the appetites or senses; one who places his chief happi- 
ness in carnal pleasures. 

SENS-U-AL'I-TY, u. [It. sensualitd ; Sp. sensiialidad ; Fr. 
sensualite.] Devoiedness to the gratification of the bodily 
appetites ; freeindulgence in carnal or sensual pleasures. 

J5ENS-U-AL-I-Za'TION, n. The act of sensualizing ; the 
state of being sensualized. 

SENS'U-AL-iZE, v. t. To make sensual ; to subject to the 
love of sensual pleasure ; to debase by carnal gratifica- 
tions. 

3ENS'U-AL-LY, adv. In a sensual manner. 

fSENS'U-OUS, a. Tender; pathetic. Milton. 

SENT, pret. and pp. of send. 

SEN'TENCE, n. [Fr. ; It. sentenza ; Sp. sentencia.] 1. In 
law, a judgment pronounced by a court or judge upon a 
criminal ; a judicial decision publicly and officially de- 
clared ni a criminal prosecution. — 2. In language not 
technical, a determination or decision given, particularly 



a decision that condemns, or an unfavorable delermjua- 
tion. 3. An opinion ; judgment concerning a controvert 
ed point, .dcts xv. 4. A maxim ; an axiom ; a short 
saying containing moral instruction. 5. Vindication of 
one's innocence. — 6. In grammar, a. period ; a number of 
words containing complete sense or a sentiment, and fol- 
lowed by a full pause. 

SEN'TENCE, v. t. 1. To pass or pronounce the judgment 
of a court on 3 to doom. 2. To condemn 3 to doom to 
punishment. 

SEN-TEN'TIAL, a. 1. Comprising sentences. J^ewcome. 
2. Pertaining to a sentence or full period. Sheridan. 

t SEN-TEN-Ti-OS'I-TY, n. Comprehension in a sentence. 

SEN-TEN'TIOUS, a. [Fr. sententicuz ; It. scntenzioso.] 1. 
Abounding with sentences, axioms and maxims 3 short 
and energetic. 2. Comprising sentences, 

SEN-TEN'TIOUS-LY, adv. In short, expressive periods; 
with striking brevity. Broome. 

SEN-TEN 'TIUUS-NESS, n. Pithiness of sentences 3 brevi 
ty with strength. Dnjden. 

SEN'TER-Y and SEN'TRY are corrupted from sentinel. 

SEN'TIENT, (sen'shent) a. [L. sentiens.] 1. That per- 
ceives ; having the faculty of perception. 

SEN'TIENT, n. 1. A being or person that has the faculty 
of perception. 2. He that perceives. 

SEN'TI-MENT, n. [Fr. : It. sentiviento ; Sp. sentimievto.] 
1. Properly, a thought prompted by passion or feelmg. — 
2» In a popular sense, thought ; opinion 3 notion ; judg- 
ment ; the decision of the mind formed by deliberation or 
reasoning. 3. The sense, thought or opinion contained 
in words, but considered as distinct from them. 4. Sensi- 
bility ; feeling. 

SEN-TI-MENT'AL, a. I. Abounding with sentiment or 
just opinions or reflections. 2. Expressing quick mtel 
lectua! feeling, 3. Affecting sensibility. 

SEN-TI-MENT'AL-IST, n. One that affects sentiment, fine 
feeling or exquisite sensibility. 

SEN-Tf-MENT'AL-I-TY, n. Affectation of fine feeling or 
exquisite sensibility. Warton. 

SENT'I-NEL, n. [Fr. sentinellc ; It., Port, sentinella ; Sp. 
ccntinela.] In military affairs, a soldier set to watch or 
guard an army, camp or other place from surprise, to ob- 
serve the approach of danger and give notice of it. 

SEN'TRY, n. Guard 3 watch 3 the dutv of a sentinel. 

SEN'TRY-BOX, ?!. A box to cover a 'sentinel at his post, 
and shelter him from the weather. 

Se'PAL, n. [from L. sepio.] In ftotaji?/, the small leaf or part 
of a calyx. A''ecker. 

SEP-A-RA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being separable, 
or of admitting separation or disunion. 

SEP'A-RA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. separaL'ilis.] That may be 
separated, disjoined, disunited or rent. 

SEP'A-RA-BLE-NESS, ?i. The quality of being capable of 
separation or disunion. Boyle. 

SEP'A-RATE, v. t. [L. separo ; Fr. separer ; It. scparare , 
Sp. separar.] 1. To disunite 3 to divide; to sever; to 
part, in almost any manner, either things naturally or 
casually joined. 2. To set apart from a number for apar- 
ticular service. 3. To disconnect. 4. To make a space 
between. 

SEP'A-RATE, v. i. 1. To part; to be disunited ; to be dis- 
connected ; to withdraw from each other. 2. To cleave 3 
to open. 

SEP'A-RATE, a. [L, separatus.] ]. Divided from the 
rest ; being parted from another 3 disjoined 3 disconnect- 
ed. 2. Unconnected ; not united 3 distinct. 3. Disu- 
nited from the body. 

SEP'A-RA-TED, pp. Divided; parted ; disunited. 

SEP'A-RATE-LY, adv. In a separate or unconnected 
state ; apart 3 distinctly ; singly. 

SEP'A-RATE-NESS, n. The state of being separate. 

SEP'A-RA-TING, ppr. Dividing 5 disjoining 3 putting or 
driving asunder; disconnecting; decomposing. 

SEP-A-Ra'TION, n. [Fr. ; lu. separatin ; It. separazionc i 
Sp. separaciMt.'] 1. The act of separating, severing or 
disconnectii'^; disjunction. 2. The state of being sepa- 
rate ; disunion 3 disconnection, 3. The operation of dis- 
uniting or decomposing substances ; chemical analysis. 
4. Divorce ; disunion of married persons. 

SEP'A-RA-TIST, 71. [Fr. scparatiste.] One that withdraws 
from a church, or rather from an established church, to 
which he has belonged 3 a dissenter 5 a seceder 3 a schis- 
matic ; a sectary. 

SEP'A-RA-TOR, n. One that divides or disjoins 3 a di- 
vider. 

SEP'A-RA-TO-RY, a. That separates. [L- «,] Cheyne. 

SEP'A-RA-TO-RY, v. A chemical vessel for separating 
liquors ; and a surgical instrument for separating the peri- 
cranium from the cranium. 

SE-PAWN', or SE-PON', n. A species of food consisting 
of riieal of maize boiled in water. 

t SEP'IE-I-BLE, a. That may be buried. Bailey. 

SEP'I-MENT, 7(. [L. sepiinentum.] A hedge 3 a fence 3 
something that separates or defends. 



* See Synoims. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 5 TH as in this. Obsolete 



SEQ 



742 



SER 



• J^E-PoSE', V t. [li. sepono, sepositus.] To set apart. 
Donne. 

■j SEP-0-Sl"TION, 71. The act of setting apart ; segrega- 
Jion. 

Se'POY, n. A native of India, employed as a soldier in the 
service of European powers. 

SEPS, 7t. [L.] A species of venomous eft or lizard. 

SEPT, 71. A clan, race or family, proceeding from a com- 
mon progenitor ; used of the races or families in Ireland. 
Spenser, 

SEP-TAN'GU-LAR, a. [L. septem and angulus.] Having 
seven angles or sides. 

SEP-Ta RI-A, n. [L. septa.] A name given to nodules 
or spheroidal masses of calcarious marl. 

SEP-TEM'BER, 7!. [L. septem; Fr. septembre ; It. settem- 
bre ; Sp. septiembre.] The seventh month from March, 
which was formerly the first month of the year. Septem- 
ber is now the ninth month of the year. 

PEP-TEM'PAR-TITE, a. Divided into seven parts. 

,SEP'TEN-A-RY, a. [Fr. septcnaire ; It. settenario ; Sp. sep- 
tenario ; L. septenarius.] Consisting of seven. 

SEP'TEN-A-RY, n. The number seven. Burnet. 

SEP-TEN'NI-AL, a. [L. septennis.] 1. Lasting or con- 
tinuing seven years. 2. Happening or returning once in 
every seven years. 

SEP-TEN'TRI-ON, n. [Fr. ; L. septentrio.] The north or 
northern regions. Shak. 

SEP-TEN'TR[-0N, ) a. [li.septentrionalis.] Northern; 

SEP-TEN'TRI-0-NAL, \ pertainijig to the north. 

t^EP-TEN-TRI-O-NAL'I-TY, n. Northerlmess. 

SEP-TEN'TRI-O-NAL-LY, ado. Northerly; towards the 
north. 

PEP-TEN'TRI-0-NATE, v. i. To tend northerly. Brown. 

SEPT'FOIL, 71. [L. septem and folium.] A plant of the ge- 
nus tormentilla. 

SEP'T1€, or SEP'TI-€AL, a. [Gr. tmnriKos.] I. Having 
power to promote putrefaction. 2. Proceeding from or 
generated by putrefaction. 

SEP'TI€, 71. A substance that promotes the putrefaction of 
bodies. Encyc. 

SEP-TIC'I-TY, n. Tendency to putrefaction. Fourcrov. 

SEP-TI-LAT'ER-AL, a. [L. septem and latas.] Having 
seven sides. Brown 

SEP-TIN'SU-LAR, a [L septem and insula.] Consisting 
of seven isles ; as, the scptinsular republic. Quart. Rev. 

SEP-TU-AG'EN-A-RY, a. [Fr. septuagetiaire ; L. septua- 
jTcnarius.] Consisting of seventy. Brown. 

SEP-TU-AG'EN-A-RY, n. A person seventy years of ase. 

SEP-TU-A-GES'I-MA, n. [L. septuarresimus.] The third 
Sunday before Lent, or before Quadragesima Sunday. 

SEP-TQ-A-GES'I-MAL, a. Consisting of seventy. 

SEP'TU-A-GINT, 71, [L. septuaiTuita.] A Greek version of 
the Old Testament, so called because it was the v/ork of 
seventy, or rather of seventy-two iiiterpreters. . 

SEP'TU-A-GINT, a. Pertaining to the Septuagint; con- 
tained in the Greek copy of the Old Testament. 

SEP'T(J-A-RY, n. [L. septem.] Something composed of 
seven ; a week. [Little used.] Cole. 

SEPTU-PLE, a. [Low L. septuplez.] Seven-fold. 

SE-PUL'CHRAL, a. [L. sepulchralis.] Pertaining to burial, 
to the grave, or to monuments erected to the memory of the 
dead. 

SEP UL-CHRE, ) 71. [Fr. sepulchre; Sp., Port, sepulcro ; 

SEP'UL-€HER, i It. sepolcro ; L.. sejmlchrum .] A grave; 
a tomb ; the place in which the dead body of a human 
being is interred. 

SEP UL-CHRE, V. t. To bury ; to inter ; to entomb. 

SEP'UL-TURE, 71. [Fr. ; It. sepultura.] Burial; inter- 
ment ; the act of depositing the dead body of a human 
being in the grave. 

SE-aUA'CIOUS, a. [L. seguax.] 1. Following; attend- 
ant. 2. Ductile ; pliant ; [little used.] 

SE-aUA CIOUS-NESS, 7i. State of being sequacious ; dis- 
position to follow. Taylor. 

SE-aUAC'I-TY, 71. 1. A following, or disposition to fol- 
jow. 2. Ductility; pliableness; [little used.] Bacon. 

SE'aUEL, 71. [Fr. se^Jie/Ze; L., It.,Sp sequela.] 1. That 
which follows, a succeeding part. 2. Consequence ; event. 
3. Consequence inferred ; consequentialness ; [I. u.] 

Se'QUENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. sequens.] 1. A following, or 
that which follows ; a consequent. 2. Order of succession. 
3. Series ; arrangement ; method. — 4. In music, a regular 
_aliernate succession of similar chords. 

SK'Q,UENT, a. 1. Following ; succeeding. 2 Consequen- 
tial ; [little used.] 

tSE'CiUENT, 72 A follower. SAffifc. 

SE-CilJ^ES'TER, V. t. [Fr. sequestrer ; It. scquestrai-e ; Sn. 
spqursfrar; how Li. sequestra.] 1. To separate from the 
owner for a time ; to seize or take possession of some 
pro]h' rty which belongs to anotlier, and hold it till the 

Profit:' have paid tlie demand for which it is taken. 2. 
o tahe from parties in controversy and put into the pos- 
session of an mdifferent person. 3. To put aside; tore- 
move ; to separate from other things. 4. To sequester 



one's self, to separate one's self from society ; to with- 
draw or retue. 5. To cause to retire or withdraw mto 
obscurity. 

SE-aUES'TER, V. i. To decline, as a widow, any concern 
with the estate of a husband. 

SE-aUES'TERED,j;;). Seized and detained fo> u time, to 
satisfy a demand ; separated ; secluded ; private. 

SE-aUES'TRA-BLE, a. That may be sequestered or sepa- 
rated ; subject or liable to sequestration. 

SE-aUES'TRATE, v. t. To sequester. 

SE-aUES-TRA'TION, n. 1. The act of taking a thing 
from parties contending for it, and intrusting it to an in- 
difierent person. — 2. In the civil law, the. act of the ordi- 
nary, disposing of the goods and chattels of one deceased, 
whose estate no one will meddle with. 3. The act of 
taking property from the owner for a time, till the rents, 
issues and profits satisfy a demand. 4. The act of seizing 
the estate of a delinquent for the use of the state. 5. Sep- 
aration ; retirement; seclusion from society. 6. State of 
being separated or set aside. 7. Disunion; disjunction; 
[obs.] 

* SE-QUES-TRa'TOR, 7?. 1. One that sequesters property, 
or takes the possession of it for a time, to satisfy a demand 
out of its rents or profits. 2. One to whom the keepbig 
of sequestered property is committed. 

Se'QUIN, n. A gold com of Venice and Turkey. See Ze- 

CHIN. 

SE-RAGL'IO, (se-ral'yo) n. [Fr. serail ; Sp. serrallo : It. 
se-n-aglio.] The palace of the grand seignior or Turkish 
sultan, or the palace of a prmce. 

SER'APH, 71. ; plu. Seraphs ; but sometimes the Hebrew 
plural. Seraphim, is used, [from Heb. ^Tty, to burn.] 
An angel of the highest order. 

SE-RAPH'IC, )a. 1. Pertaining to a seraph; angelic ; 

SE-RAPH'I-Cx^L, ) sublime. 2. Pure; refined from seu- 
sualitv. 3. Burning or inflamed with love or zeal. 

SER'A-PHIM, 71. [the Hebrew plural of seraph.] Angels 
of the highest order in the celestial hierarchy. 

SE-RAS'KIER, n. A Turkish general or commander of 
land forces. 

SE-RASS', 7!. A fowl of the East Indies of the crane kind. 

SERE, a. Dry ; withered ; usually written sear. 

fSERE, ?;. A claw or talon, Chapman. 

SER-E-NaDE', 71. [Fr. ; It., Sp. serenata.] 1. An enter- 
tainment of music given in the night by a lover to his 
mistress under her window. 2. Music performed in the 
streets during the stillness of the night. Addison. 

SER-E-NaDE', v. t. To entertain with nocturnal music 

SER-E-NaDE', v. i. To perform nocturnal music. 

SE-Re'NA GUT'TA. See Gutta Serena. 

SER-E-Na'TA, n. A vocal piece of music on an amorous 
subject. Busby. 

SE-ReNE', a. [Fr. serein ; It., Sp. sereno ; L. sere7j«^.] 1. 
Clear or fair, and calm. 2. Bright^ Pope. 3. Calm ; unruf- 
fled ; undisturbed. 4. A title given to several prhices and 
magistrates in Europe. 

fSE-RENE', n. A cold, damp evening. B. Jonson. 

SE-ReNE', v. t. ]. To make clear and calm; to quiet. 2 
To clear ; to brighten. Philips. 

SE-ReNE'LY, a/Zy. Calmly ; quietly. Pope. 2. With ua- 
ru filed temper ; coolly. Prior. 

SE-REi\'E'NESS, n. The state of being serene ; serenity. 

fSE-REN't-TUDE, 71. Calmness. Wotton. 

SE-REN'I-TY, ?(. [Fr. serenite ; L. serenitas.] 1. Clear- 
ness and calmness. 2. Calmness ; quietness ; stillness ; 
peace. 3. Calmness of mind; evenness of temper; un- 
disturbed state ; coolness. 4. A title of respect. 

SERF,?!. [Fr. .serf ; Tu. servus.] A servant or slave em- 
ployed in husbandry, and, in some countries, attached to 
the soil and transferred with it. 

SERGE, 7!. [Fr. serge ; Sp. xerga.] A woolen, quilted stuff, 
manufactured in a loom with four treddles, after the man 
ner of ratteens. 

SER'GEAN-CY, ?!. The office of a seraeant at law. Hacket 

SER'GEANT, (sar'jent) v. [Fr. sergeut ; It. sergente ; Sp., 
Port, sargento.] 1. Formerly, an ofiicer in England, 
nearly answering to the more 'modern bailiff of the hun- 
dred ; also, an officer whose duty was to attend on the 
king, and on the lord high steward in court, to arrest 
traitors and other off'enders. — 2. In military affairs, a 
non-commissioned officer. — 3. In England, a lawyer of 
the highest rank, and a]iswering to the doctor of the civil 
law. 4. A title sometimes given to the kiisg's servants. 

SER'GEANT-RY, (sar'jent-ry) n. In England, sergeantry 
is of two kinds; grand scrcreavtrit and petit sergeantry 
Grand sergeantry is a particular kind of knight-service 
a tenure by which the tenant was bound to do some spe- 
cial honorary service to the king in person. — Petit ser 
geantry was a tenure by which the tenant was bound to 
renderto the king, annually, some small implement of 
war, as a bow. 

SER'GEANT-SHIP, (sar'jent-ship) n. The office of a ser- 
geant. 

SERGE'-MaK-ER, 71. A manufacturer of serges. 



♦ See Synopsis A, E, T, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD j 



t Obsolete 



SER 



743 



SER 



SE-RI"CEOUS, a [1, «ericjt6-.] Pertaining to silk j consist- 
ing of silk ; silky — In botany, covered with very soft 
Jiairs pressed close to the surface. 

Se'RIES, h. [L.] 1. A continued succession of things in 
the same order, and bearing the same relation to each 
other. 2. Sequence; order ; course ; succession of things. 
— 3. In natural history, an order or subdivision of some 
class of natural bodies. — 4. In arithmetic and algebra, a 
number of terms in succession, increasing or diminishing 
in a certain ratio. 

SER'IN, n. A song bird of Italy and Germany. 

SE'RI-OCJS, a. [Fr. eerieux ; Sp. serio ; It. serio, scrioso ; 
L. serius.] 1. Grave in manner or disposition ; solemn ; 
not light, gay or volatile. 2. Really intending what is 
said ; being in earnest ; not jesting or making a false pre- 
tense. 3. Important ; weighty ; not trifling. 4. Partic- 
ularly attentive to religious concerns or one's own reli- 
gious state. 

Se'RI-OUS-LY, adv. Gravely ; solemnly ; in earnest ; 
_}vithout levity. 

Sk'KI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Gravity of manner or of mind; 
solemnity. 2. Earnest attention, particularly to religious 
concerns. 

tSER-MOC-I-NA'TION, 7z. Speech-making. Peafham. 

t SER-MOC-I-Na'TOR, n. One that makes sermons or 
speeches. 

SER'MON, n. [Pr. ; L. sermo.'\ 1. A discourse delivered 
in public by a clergyman for the purpose of religious in- 
struction. 2. A printed discourse. 

SER'MON, V. t. 1. To discourse as in a sermon ; \l. u.'] 
2. To tutor ; to lesson ; to teach ; [1. m.] Shak. 

SER'MON, V. i. To compose or deliver a sermon. [L^ w.] 

tSER'MON-iNG, n. Discourse ; instruction ; advice. 
C/tfliicer. 

SER'MON-iZE, V. i. I. To preach. Bp. JVicholson. 2. To 
inculcate rigid rules. Chesterfield. 3. To make seiinons ; 
to compose or write a sermon or sermons. [Thics used in 
the United States.] 

SER'MON-lZ-ER, n. One that composes sermons. 

SER'MON-lZ-ING, ppr. Preaching 3 inculcating rigid pre- 
cepts ; composing sermons. 

SER'MOLTN-TArN, n. A plant; laserwort; seseli. 

SE-ROON', n. [Sp. seron.] A quantity ; bale or package. 

SE-ROS'I-TY, n. [Fr. serosite.] In medicine, the watery 
part of the blood. Encyc. 

SER'O-TINE, n. A species of bat. 

Se'ROUS, a. [Fr. sereux.] 1. Thin ; watery ; like whey. 

2. Pertaining to serum. Arbuthnot. 

SERTENT, n. [L. sei-pens.'] 1. An animal of the order 
scrpentes, [creepers, crawlers,] of the class amphibia. — 2. 
In astronomy, a constellation in tlie northern hemisphere. 

3. An instrument of music, serving as a base to the cor- 
net or small shawm. 4. Figuratively, a subtil or malicious 
person. — 5. Jn raytJioloffy, a symbol c.f the san. Encyc. 

SER'PENT-etT'eUM-BER, n. A plant. 

SER'PENT-eAT'ER, m. A fowl of Africa. 

SER'PENT-FISH,,n. A fish of the genus tjinia. 

SER'PENT'S-ToNGUE, n. A plant. 

SER-PEN-Ta'RI-A, 71 A plant, called also snake-root. 

SER-PEN-Ta'RI-US, n A constellation in the northern 
hemisphere, containing seventy-four stars. 

SER'PEN-TZNE, a. [L. serpentinus.'] 1. Resembling a 
serpent ; usually, winding or turning one way and the 
other, like a moving serpent ; anfractuous. 2. Spiral ; 
twisted. 3. Like a serpent ; having the color or proper- 
ties of a serpent. 

SER'PEN-TINE, v. I To wind like a serpent ; to meander. 

SERiPEN-TINE, { n. A species of talck or magne- 

SER'PEN-TINE-STONE, ] sian stone. 

SER'PENT-iZE, v. i. To wind ; to turn or bend, first in 
one direction and then in the opposite ; to meander. 

t SER'PET, n. A basket. Ainswurth. 

SER-PIG'IN-OUS, a. [L. serpigo.] Affected with serpigo. 

* SER-PI'GO^ ?i. [L.] A kind of herpes or tetter; called, 
in popular language, a ringioorm. Kncyc. 

SER'PU-LITE, /t. Petrified shells or fossil remains of the 
genus scrpula. Jameson. 

fSERR, V. £. [Fx. server ; Sp., Port, cerrar.] To crowd, 
press or drive together. Bacoa. 

SER'RATE, ) a. [L. serratus.] Jagged; notched; in- 

SER'RA-TED, ] dented on the edge, like a saw. 

SER-R A'TION, n. Formation in the shape of a saw. 

SERiRA.-TfJRE, 71. An indenting or indenture in the edge 
of any thing, like those of a saw. Martyn. 

SER'ROUS, a. Like the teeth of a saw ; irregular. [L. ?t.] 

SER'RU-LATE, a. Finely serrate ; having minute teeth. 

tSEU'RY,-?;. t. [Fr. serrcr.] To crowd ; to press together. 
Milton. 

Se'RUM, 71. [L.] 1. The thin, transparent part of the 
blood. 2. The thin part of milk ; whey. 

SER'VAL, 71. An animal of the feline genus. 

SERVANT, 71. [Fr. ; L. servans.] 1. A person that at- 
tends another for the purpose of performing menial offices 
for him, or who is employed by another for such ofiices or 



for other labor, and is subject to Ins command. Iixb 
word is correlative to master. Servant diflers from slave 
as the servant's subjection to a master is voluntary, the 
slave's is not. Every slave is a servant, but every ser- 
vant is not a slave. 2. One in a state of subjection.— 3 
In Scripture, a slave ; a bondman. 4. 'J'he subject ot 
a king. 2 Sam. viii. 5. A person who voluutarily serves 
another or acts as his minister. Is. xlii. 6. A person en- 
ployed or used as an instrument in accomplishing God's 
purposes. 7. One who yields obedience to another. 8 
That which yields obedience, or acts in subordination as 
an instrument. Ps. cxix. 9. One that makes painful 
sacrifices in compliance with the weakness or wants of 
others. 1 Cor. ix. 10. A person of base condition or ig- 
noble spirit. Eccles.x. 11. A word of civility. Swift 

t SERVANT, V. t. To subject. Shak. 

SERVE, (serv) v. t. [Fr. servir ; it. servlre ; Sp. servir 
L. servio.] 1. To work for ; to bestow the labor of body 
and mind in the employment of another. 2. To act as 
the minister of ; to perform official duties to. 3. To at- 
tend at command : to wait on. 4. To obey servilely or 
meanly. 5. To supply with food. 6. To be subservient 
or subordinate to. 7. To perform the duties required in 
8. To obey ; to perform duties in the eniplojoTient of. 9 
To be sufficient to, or to promote. 10. To help by good 
offices. 11. To comply with; to submit to 12. To be 
sufficient for ; to satisfy ; to content. 13. To be in tnc 
place of any thing to one. 14. To treat ; to requite. — 15, 
In Scripture and theology, to obey and worship ; t3 act in 
conformity to the law of a superior, arid treat him with 
due reverence. — 16. In a bud sense, to obey ; to yield com- 
pliance or act according to. 17. 'J'o worship ; to ren- 
der homage to. 18. To be a slave to ; to be in bondage 
to. Gen. XV. — 19. To serve one^s self of, to use ; to make 
use of; a Gallicism, [se servir de.] '20. To use; to man- 
age ; to apply. — 21. In seamen^s language, to wind some- 
thing round a rope to prevent friction. 

To serve up, to prepare and present in a dish. — To serve out, 
to distribute in portions. — To serve a writ, to read it to 
the defendant ; or to leave an attested copy at his usual 
place of abode. —'jTo serve an attachment, or writ of attach- 
vient, to levy it on the person or goods by seizure ; or to 
seize. — To serve an execution, to levy it on lands, goods 
or person by seizure or taking possession. — "To serve a 
warrant, to read it, and to seize the person against whom 
it is issued. — To serve an office, to discharge a public duty. 

SERVE, (serv) v. i. 1. To "be a servant or slave. 2. 'J'o 
be employed in labor or other business for another. Gen. 
xxix. 3. To be in subjection. /s. xliii. 4. To wait ; to at- 
tend ; to perform domestic offices to another. Ltike x. 5. 
To perform duties, as in the army, navy, or in any office. 
6. I'o answer ; to accomplish the end. 7. To be suffi- 
cient for a purpose. 8. To suit ; to be convenient. 9. 
To conduce ; to be of use. 10. To ofliciate or minister; 
to do the honors of. 

SERVED, pp. Attended ; waited on ; worshiped ; levied. 

SERVICE, 71. [Fr. ; It. serviiio ; Sp. servicio ; L. servitium.] 
1. In a general sense, labor of body, or of body and mind, 
performed at the command of a superior, or in pursuance 
of duty, or for tlie benefit of another. 2. The business of 
a servant; menial office. 3. Attendance of a servant. 

4. Place of a servant ; actual employment of a servant. 

5. Any thing done by way of duty to a superior. 6. At- 
tendance on a superior. 7. Profession of respect uttered 
or sent. 8. Actual duty ; that which is required to uc 
done in an office. 9. That which God requires of man 
worship ; obedience. 10. Employment ; business ; of- 
fice. 11. Use ; purpose. 12. Military duty by land ot 
sea. 13. A military achievement. 14. Useful office ; ad- 
vantage conferred. 15. Favor. IG. The duty which a 
tenant owes to his lord for his fee. 17. Public worship, 
or office of devotion. 18. A musical church coroposif'on 
consisting of choruses, trios, duets, solos, &c J 9. Tlie 
official duties of a minister of the gospel, as in church, at 
a funeral, marriage, &c. 20. Course ; order of dishes at 
table. — 21. In seamen's language, the materials used for 
serving a rope, as spun-yarn, sixiall lines, &c. 22. A tree 
and its fruit, of the genus sorbets. 

SERViCE-A-BLE, a. 1. That does service ; that pro- 
motes happiness, interest, advantage or any good ; useful j 
beneficial ; advantageous. 2. Active ; diligent ; officious. 

SER VICE- A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Usefulness in promoting 
good of any kind ; beneficialness. 2. Officiousness ; 
readiness to do service. 

t SERVI-ENT, a. [h. serviens.] Subordinate. Dyer. 

SERVILE, a. [Fr. ; L. servilis.] 1. Such as pertains 10 a 
servant or slave ; slavish ; mean ; such as proceeds from 
dependence. 2. Held in subjection ; dependent 3. 
Cringing; fawning; meanly submissive. 

SERViLE-LY, adv. I. Meanly; slavishly; with base 

' submission or obsequiousness, 2. With base deference 
to another. „ , 

SERVILE-NESS, ) n. Slavery ; the condition of a slave or 

SER-VIL'I-TY, bondman. 2. Mean submission ; 



♦ Sec Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. ^Obsolete 



SET 



744 



SET 



baseness ; slavishness. 
ish deference. 



3. Mean obsequiousness ; slav- 



SERV ING, ppr. Working for ; acting in subordination to ; 

worshiping; also, performing duties. 
SERV'IJVG-.MaID, w. A female servant ; a menial. 
SERV IXG-MAIv, n. A male servant ; a menial. 
•SEE.V'1-TOR, n. [It. servitore j Sp. servidor : Fr. serviteur.'] 

1. A servant ; an attendant. 2. One that acts under an- 
other ; a follower or adherent. 3. One that professes du- 
ty and obedience. Shak. — 1. In the universiuj of Oxford, 
a student who attends on another for his maintenance 
and learning ; such as is called, in Cambridge, a. sizer. 

SERY'I-TOR-SHIP, n. Tlie office of a sei-vitor. 

SERV'I-TUDE, 71. [Fr. ; L. ^ercitudo.] 1. The condition 
of a slave ; the state of involuntary subjection to a mas- 
ter; slavery; bondage. 2. The state of a servant. 3. 
The condition of a conquered country. 4. A state of 
slavish dependence. 5. Servants, collectively ; [obs.] 

SES'AME, In. [Fr. sesame; It. sesame; L. iresama.] 

SES'A-MUM, j Oily grain ; a genus of annual herbaceous 
plants, from the seeds of which an oil is expressed. 

SES'B.US^, 71. A plant ; a species of cEschynomene. 

SES'E-LI, 7(. [L., Gr. ceatXi.'] A genus of plants ; meadow 
saxifrage ; hartwort. Encyc. 

SES-aUI-AL'TER, ) a. [L.] 1. In geometry, desig- 

SES-CiUi-AL'TER-AL, ^ nating a ratio where one quan- 
tity or number contains another once, and half as much 
more ; as 9 contains 6 and its half. — 2. A sesquialteral 
floret is when a large fertile floret is accompanied with a 
small abortjve one. 

SES-aUI-Du PLI-€ATE, a. [L. sesqui and duplicates.] 
Designating the ratio of two and a half to one. 

* SES-aUIP'E-DAL, I a [L. sesqui and pedaKs.] Con- 

SES-aUIP-E-DA'LI-AN, \ taining a foot and a half. 

SES-aUIP'LI-CATE, a. [L, sesqui and plicatus.] Desig- 
nating the ratio of one and a half to one. 

SES-atJI-TER'TIAN, ; a. [L. sesqui and tertius.] Des- 

SES-aUI-TER TION-AI-, ] ignating the ratio of one 
and one third. 

SES Q,(jI-T0NE, 7!. In musics a minor third, or interval of 
three semitones. Busby. 

SESS, 71. [L. sessio.] A tax. [L. u.] See Assessment. 

SES'SlLE, a. [L. sessilis.] In botany, sitting on the stem. 

SES'SION, «. [Fr.; L. se^sia.] 1. A sitting or being placed. 

2. The actual sitting of a court, council, legislature, &c. 

3. The time, space or term during which a court, council, 
legislature and the like, meet daily for business. — 4. Sto-- 
siins, in some of the States, is particularly used for a court 
of justices, held for granting licenses to innkeepers or 
taverners, for laying out new highways or altering old 
ones, and the like. 

SESS'-POOL, n. A cavity sunk in the earth to receive and 
retain the sediment of water conveyed in drains. 

SESTERCE, n. [Fr. ; L. sestertius.] A Roman coin, in 
value the fomth part of a denarius, about two pence ster- 
ling or four cents. — The sestertium, that is, s ester tiump on- 
du-f, was two pounds and a half, or two hundred and 
fifty denarii ; about seven pounds sterling, or thirty one 
dollars. 

SET, c. t.; pret. and pp. set. [Sax. saitan, setan, settan ; L. 
sedo : G.setzen; D. zetten ; Sw. satta ; Dan. setter.] I. 
To put or place ; to fix or cause to rest in a standing pos- 
ture. 2. To put or place in its proper or natural posture. 
3. To put, place or fix in any situation. 4. To put into 
any condition or state. 5. To put; to fix ; to attach to. 
6. To fix ; to render motionless. 7. To put or fix, as a 
price. 8. To fix ; to state by some rule. 9. To regulate 
or adjust: as to se£ a time-piece by the sun. 10. To fit 
to music . u> adapt with notes. 11. To pitch; to begin to 
sing '.n public. 12. To plant, as a shrub, tree or vegeta- 
ble. 13. To variegate, intersperse or adorn with some- 
thing fixed ; to stud. 14. To return to its proper place or 
srate ; to replace ; to reduce from a dislocated or fractur- 
ed state. 15. To fix; to place. 16. To fix firmly; to 
predetermine 17. To fix by appointment ; to appoint ; 
to assign. 18. To place or station ; to appoint to a par- 
ticular duty. 19. To stake at play ; [/. u.] 20. To ofier 
a wager at dice to another ; [I. ?/.] 21. To fix in metal. 
22. To fix ; to cause to stop ; to obstruct. 23. To embar- 
rass ; to perplex. 24. To put in sood order : to fix for 
use ; to bring to a fine edge. 25. To loose and extend ; 
to sj)read. 26. To point out without noise or disturbance. 
27. To oppose. 28. To prepare with runnet for cheese. 
29. To dim ; to darken or extinguish. 

'2'u set fry the compass, among seamen, to obsei-ve the bearing 
or situation of a distant object by the compass. — To set 
about, to begin, as an action or enterprise ; to apply to. — 
To .-tet ove^s self against, to place in a state of enmity or 
opp'sition. — To set against, to oppose ; to set in compari- 
son — To ^■:i opart, to sejiarate to a particular use ; to sep- 
•irate fro'in the rest. — To srt u.-ide. 1. To omit for the 
present; to luy out of the question. 2. To reject. 3. To 
."mnul ; to vacate. — To set abroach, to spread. — To set 
a-going, to cause to begin to move. — To set by. 1. To 



set apart or on one side ; to reject. 2. To esteem ; to re- 
gard ; to value. — To set down. 1. To place upon tlie 
ground or lioor. 2. To enter in writing ; to register. 3. 
To explain or relate in writing. 4. To fix on a resolve ; 
[I. u.] 5. To fix ; to establish ; to ordain.— 7'o set forth. 

1. To manifest ; to otfer or present to view. Rom. iii. 2. 
To publish ; to promulgate ; to make appear. 3. To send 
out; to prepare and send; [obs.] 4. To display ; to ex- 
hibit ; to present to view ; to show. — To set forward, to 
advance; to move on; also, to promote. — To set in, to 
put in the way to begin.— To set off. 1. To adorn ; to 
decorate ; to embellish. 2. To give a pompous or fl-tter- 
ing description of; to eulogize; to recommend. 3. To 
place against as an equivalent. 4. To separate or assign 
for a particular purpose. — 'To set unoiupon. 1. To in- 
cite ; to instigate ; to animate to action. 2. To assault or 
attack; seldom used transitively, but the passive form is 
often used. 3. To employ, as in a task. 4. To fix the 
attention ; to determine to any thing with settled purpose. 

— To set out. 1. To assign; to allot. 2. To publish. 3. 
To mark by boundaries or distinctions of space. 4. To 
adorn ; to embellish. 5. To raise, equip and send forth ; 
to furnish ; [i. v.] 6. To show ; to display ; to recom- 
mend ; to set off. 7. To show J to prove; \Lu.] — 8. In 
law, to recite ; to state at large. — To set up. 1. I'o erect. 

2. lo begin a new institution ; to institute ; to establish ; 
to found. 3. To enable to commence a new business. 
4. To raise ; to exalt ; to put in power. 5. To place in 
view. 6. To raise ; to utter loudly. 7. To advance ; to 
propose as truth or for reception. 8. To raise from de- 
pression or to a sufficient fortune. — 9. In seamen's lan- 
guage, to extend, as the shrouds, stays, &c.— To set at 
?iaMo-/;t, to undervalue ; to contemn ; to despise. — To set 
in order, to adjust or arrange ; to reduce to method. — To 
set eyes on, to see ; to behold ; to fasten tJie eyes on. — To 
set the teeth on edge, to affect the teeth with a painful sen- 
sation. — To set over. 1. To appoint or constitute. 2. To 
assign ; to transfer, to convey. — To set right, to correct; 
to put in order. — To set at ea^e, to quiet ; to tranquilize. — 
To set free, to release from confinement, imprisonment or 
bondage ; to liberate ; to emancipate. — To set at icorh, to 
cause to enter on work or action ; or to direct how to en- 
ter on work. — To set on fire, to communicate fire to ; to in- 
flame ; and, figuratively, to enkindle the passions ; to 
make to rage ; to irritate. — To set before, to offer; to pro- 
pose ; to present to view, 

SET, r. i. 1. To decline ; to go down ; to pass below the 
horizon. 2. To be fixed hard ; to be close or firm. 3. To 
fit music to words. 4. To congeal or concrete. 5. To 
begin a journey ; [obs.] 6. To plant. 7. To flow ; to 
have a certain duection in motion. 8. To catch birds 
with a dcg that sets them, that is, one that lies down and 
points them out, and with a large net. — To set one's self 
about, to begin ; to enter upon ; to take the first steps. — 
To set one's self, to apply one's self. — To set about, to fall 
on ; to begin ; to take the first steps in a business or en- 
terprise. — To set in. 1. To begin. 2. To become settled 
m a particular state. — To set forward, to move or march ; 
to begin to maixh ; to advance, — To set on or %(pon. 1. 
To begin a journey or an enterprise. 2. To assault ; to 
make an attack. Skak. — To set out. 1. To begin a jour- 
ney or course. 2. To have a begimiing. — To set to, to 
apply one's self to. — To set up. 1. To begin business 
or a scheme of life. 2. To profess openly ; to make pre- 
tensions. 

SET, pp. 1. Placed ; put ; located ; fixed ; adjusted ; com- 
posed ; studded or adorned ; reduced, as a dislocated or 
broken bone. 2. a. Regular; uniform; formal; as, a. set 
speech. 3. Fixed in opinion ; determmed ; firm ; obsti- 
nate. 4. Established ; prescribed. 

SET, n. 1. A number or collection of things of the same 
kind and of similar forai, which are ordinarily used to- 
gether. 2. A number of things fitted to be used together, 
though different in form. 3. A number of persons asso- 
ciated ; as, a set of men. 4. A number of particular things 
that are united in the formation of a whole. 5. A youjig 
plant for growth. 6. The descent of the sun or other lu- 
minarj- below the horizon. 7. A wager at dice. 8. A 
name. 

SE-Ta'CEOUS, a. [L. seta.] 1. Bristly; set with strong 
haiis; consisting of stronghairs. — 2. In *offl?;y/, bristle-shap- 
ed ; having the tliickness and length of a bristle. — Setaceous 
worm, a name given to a water-worm that resembles a 
horse hair, vulgarly supposed to be an animated hair. 

SET'DOWN, n. A powerful rebuke or reprehension. • 

SET'-FOIL. See Sept-foil. 

Sf.'TI-FORM, a. ['L.seta, and /or?n.] Having the form of a 
bristle. Journ. of Science. 

tSET'NESS, V. Regulation ; adjustment. Masters. 

SET'-OFF, 7(. [setnndoff.] The act of admitting one claim 
to counterbalance another. — In JVew England, offset is 
sometimes used for set-off. 

Se'TON, 7!. [Fr.] In surgery, a few horse hairs or small 
threads, or a twist of silk, drawn through the skin, by a 



* See Synopsi* A, E, I, o, V, -f, lojig.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete 



SET 



745 



SEW 



large needle, by which a small opening is made and con- 
tinued for the discharge of humors. 

SE'TOUS, a. [It. setoso ; L. setosus.] In botany, bristly ; 
having the surface set with bristles. Martyn. 

SET-TEE', n. 1. A long seat with a back to it. 2. A ves- 
sel witli one deck, and a very long, sharp prow, carrying 
two or tliree masts with latteen fails ; used in the Mediter- 
ranean. 

SET'TER, 71. 1. One that sets. 2. A dog that beats the 
field and starts birds for sportsmen. 3. A man that per- 
forms the office of a setting-dog, or finds persons to be 
plundered. 4. One that adapts words to music in com- 
position. 5. Whatever sets oft', adorns or recommends : 
[obs.] 

SET'TER-WoRT, n. A plant, a species of helleborus. 

SET'TIIN'G, ppr. Placing; putting; fixing; studding; ap- 
pointing ; sinking below the horizon, <kc. 

SET'TING, n. 1. The act of putting, placing, fixing or 
establishing. 2. The act of sinking" below the horizon. 

3. The act or manner of taking birds by a setting dog. 

4. Tnclosure. 5. The direciion of a current at sea. 
SET TING-DOG, 7z. A setter; a dog trained to find and 

start birds for sportsmen. 

SETTLE, n. [Sax. setl, settl ; G. sessel ; D. zetel.] A seat 
or bench ; something to sit on. Dryden. 

SET'TLE, V. t. 1. To place in a permanent condition after 
wandering or fluctuation. 2. To fix; to establish; to 
make permanent in any place. 3. To establish in busi- 
ness or way of life. 4. To many 5. To establish ; to 
confirm. 6. To determine what is uncertain ; to estab- 
lish ; to free from doubt. 7. To fix ; to establish ; to 
make certain or permanent. 8. To fix or establish ; not 
to suffer to doubt or waver. 9. To make close or com- 
pact. 10. To cause to subside after being heaved and 
loosened by frost; or to dry and harden after rain. II. 
To fix or establish by gift, grant or any legal act. 12. To 
fix firmly. 13. To cause to sink or subside, as extrane- 
ous matter in liquors. 14. To compose; to tranquilize 
what is disturbed. 15. To establish in the pastoral of- 
fice ; to ordain over a church and society, or parish. U. 
States. Bosic ell. 16. To plant with inhabitants; to colo- 
nize. 17. To adjust ; to close by amicable agreement or 
otherwise. IS. To adjust ; to liquidate ; to balance, or to 
pay. — To settle the land, among seamen, to cause it to sink 
or appear lower by receding from it. 

SET'TLE, V. i. 1. To fall to the bottom of liquor ; to sub- 
side ; to sink and rest on the bottom. 2. To lose motion 
or fermentation ; to deposit, as feces. 3. To fix one's 
habitation or residence. 4. To marry and establish a do- 
mestic state. 5. To become fixed after change or fluctu- 
ation. 6. To become stationary; to quit a rambling or 
irregular course for a permanent or methodical one. 7. 
To become fixed or permanent ; to take a lasting form or 
state. 8. To rest ; to repose. 9. To become calm ; to 
cease from agitation. 10. To make a jointure for a wife. 
11. To sink by its weight ; and, in loo.~e bodies, to become 
more compact. 12. To sink after being heaved, and to 
dry. 13. To be ordained or installed over a parish, church 
or congregation. 14. To adjust differences or accounts ; 
to come to an agreement. 

SET'TLEn, pp. Placed ; established ; fixed ; determined ; 
composed ; adjusted. 

SET'TLED-NESS, n. The state of being settled ; confirm- 
ed state. [Little used.] K. Charles. 

SET'TLE-MENT, n. 1. The act of settling, or state of be- 
ing settled. 2. The falling of the foul or foreign matter 
of liquors to tlie bottom ; subsidence. 3. The matter 
that subsides ; lees ; dregs ; \_obs.] 4. The act of giving 
possession by legal sanction. 5. A jointure granted to a 
wife, or the act of granting it. 6. The act of taking a do- 
mestic state ; the act of marrying and going to house- 
keeping. 7. A becoming stationary, or taking a perma- 
nent residence after a roving course of life. 8. The act 
of planting or establishing, as a colony ; also, the place, 
or the colony established. 9. Adjustment ; liquidation ; 
the ascertainment of just claims, or payment of the bal- 
ance of an account. 10. Adjustment of diflerences ; pa- 
cification ; reconciliation. 11. The ordaining or install- 
jnent of a clergyman over a parish or congre^gation. 12. 
A sum of money or other property granted to a minister 
on his ordination, exclusive of his salary. 13. Legal res- 
idence or establishment of a person in a particular parish 
or town 

SET'TLIXG, ppr. Placing; fixinii ; establishing; regulat- 
ing ; adjusting ; planting ; subsiding ; composing ; ordain- 
ing or installing. 

SET'TLIXG, n. 1. The act of making a settlement ; a 
planting or colonizing. 2. The act of subsiding, as lees. 
3. The adjustment of diflferences. — 4. SeMZ(?i^5,"plu. lees ; 
dreus ; sediment. 

?ET-To , n. Anarsniment; a debate. Brocl-ett. 

SET WALL, n. [set ami wall.] A plant. The garden set- 
wall is a species of Valeriana. 



;, seofan; Goth, .rib^: n D. 
Four and three ; one more 



SEVEN, (sev'n) a. [Sax. seofi 

leeven ,- G. sieben ; L. septem.] 

than six or less than eight. 
SEV'EN-FoLD, a. [seven and fold.] Repeated seven times ; 

doubled seven times. 
SEV'EN-FoLD, adv. Seven times as much or often. 
SEVEN-MGHT, (sen'nit) n. [seven and night.] A week : 

the period of seven days and nights. — Sevennight is now 

contracted into sennight, which see. 
SEV EN-S€ORE, 7i. [seven and score.] Seven times twen 

ty, that is. a hundred and forty. Bacon. 
SEVEN-TEEN, a. [Sax. seofontyne.] Seven and ten. 
SEVEX-TEENTH, a. [from seventeen.] The ordinal of 

seventeen ; the seventh after the tenth. 
SEVENTH, a. [iyax. seofetha.] 1. The ordinal of seven ; 

the first after the sixth. 2. Containing or being one part 

in seven. 
SEVENTH, n. 1. The seventh part; one part in seven.— 

2. In music, a dissonant interval or heptachord. 
SEVENTH-LY, ado. In the seventh place. Bacon. 

SE VEN-TI-ETH, a. [from seveiity.^ The ordinal of sev- 
enty. 

SEVEN-TY, a. [D. zeventig.] Seven times ten. 

SEV'EN-Tl' , 71. The Septuagmt or seventy translators of 
the Old Testament into the Greek language. 

SEVER, ^'. f. [Fr. sevrer : It. sevrare.] 1. To part or di- 
vide by violence ; to separate by cutting or rending. 2. 
To part from the rest by violence. 3. To separate ; to 
disjoin, as distinct things, but united. 4. To separate 
and put in different orders or places. 5. To disjoin; to 
disunite ; in a general sense, but usually implying vio- 
lence. 6. To keep distinct or apart. Ex. viii. — 7. In law, 
to disunite ; to disconnect ; to part possession. 

SEV'ER, V. i. 1. To make a separation or distinction ; to 
distinguish. 2. To suffer disjunction; to be parted or 
rent asunder. Shak. 

SEVER-AL, a. [from sever.] 1. Separate ; distinct ; not 
common to two or more. 2. Separate ; different ; dis- 
tinct. 3. Divers; consisting of a number: more than 

~ two, but not very many. 4. Separate ; single , particu- 
lar. 5. Distinct ; appropriate. 

SEV'ER-AL, 71. 1. Each particular, or a small number, 
singly taken. 2. An inclosed or separate place ; inclos- 
ed ground ; [obs.] — In several, in a state of separation ; 
[little used.] 

t SEV-ER-AL'I-TY, n. Each particular singly taken ; dis- 
tinction. Bp. Hall. 

t SEVER-AL-IZE, v. t. To distinguish. Bp. Hall. 

SEVER-AL-LY, adv. Separately ; distinctly ; apart from 
others. 

SEVER-AL-TY, ti. A state of separation from the re'^t, or 
from all others. 

SEVER-ANCE, n. Separation ; the act of dividing or disu- 
niting. 

SE-VeRE', a. [Fr.; L. severus ; It., Sp. severo.] I. Rigid ; 
harsh ; not mild or indulgent. 2. Sharp ; hard ; rigorous. 

3. Very strict ; or sometimes, perhaps, unreasonably strict 
or exact ; giving no indulgence. 4. Rigorous, perhaps 
cruel. 5. Grave; sober; sedate to an extreme. 6. Rig- 
idly exact ; strictly methodical ; not lax or airy. 7. Sharp ; 
afflictive ; distressing ; violent. 8. Sharp ; biting ; ex- 
treme. 9. Close ; concise ; not luxuriant. 10. Exact ; 
critical ; nice. 

SE-VeRE'LY, adv. 1. Harshly ; sharply. 2. Strictly ; 
rigorously. 3. With extreme rigor. 4. Painfully ; af- 
flictively ; greatlv. 5. Fiercely ; ferociously. 

SEV'ER-ITE, 71. A mineral found near St. Sever. 

SE-VEU'I-TY, 7!. [L. severitas.] 1. Harshness; rig'r; 
austerity ; want of mildness or indulgence. 2. Rigor ; 
extreme strictness. 3. Excessive rigor ; extreme degree 
or amount. 4. Extremity ; quality or power of distress- 
ing. 5. Extreme degree.' 6. Extreme coldness or inclem- 
ency. 7. Harshness"; cruel treatment ; sharpness of pun- 
ishment. 8. Exactness ; rigor ; niceness. 9. Strictness ; 
risiid accuracv. 

t SEV-0-€A'TiON, n. [L. sevocc] The act of calling 
aside._ 

SEV-Ru'GA, 7?. A fish, the accipenser stellatus. Tooke. 

t SEW, to follow. [See Sue.] Spenser. 

SEW, (so) v. t. [Sax. siician, smcian ; Goth. ^uya?i ; Sw 
sij ; Dan. syer : L. suo.] To unite or fasten together with 
a'needle and tlwead. — To seio up, to inclose by sewing ; 
to inclose in any thing sewed. 

SE\'\', (so) v. i. To practice sewing ; to join things with 
stitches. 

t SEW, (so) V. t. [L. sicca.] To drain a pond for taking the 
fish. 

SEWED, (s5de) pp. United by stitches. 

SEW'EL, n. Among hmts men, something hung up to pre- 
vent deer from entering a place. 

* SEWER, V. [G. unzucht.] A drain or passage to 
convev oflT water under ground ; a subterraneous ca- 
nal, particularly in cities ; corruptly pronounced shore or 



* See Sijnoiisis. MoVE, BQOK, DOVE ;— BIILL, UNITE.— € as K ; C as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



SHA 



74C 



SHA 



r FEWER, (86'er) n. [D. schcffer ; G. sckaffner.] An offi- 
cer who serves up a feast and arranges the dishes. 

SEW EK, (so'er) n. One who sews, or uses the needle. 

SEWING, (so'iug) ppr. Joining with the needle or with 
stitches. 

SEW'I-TUDE, ?i. A term derived from the civil law, equiv- 
alent to easement in the common law. 

t- SEW'STER, (so'ster) 71. A woman that sows or spins. B. 
Jonson. 

SEX, 7(. [Fr. sexe ; Sp. sexo ; It. sesso ; L. scxus.] 1. The 
distinction between male and female ^ or that property or 
character by which an animal is male or female. 2. By 
way of emphasis, womankind; females. 

SEX-A-6E-Na'RI-AN, 71. A person who has arrived at the 
age of sixty vears. Cowpcr. 

*SEX'A-GEX-A-RY, or SEX-AG'EN-A-RY, a. [Fr. sexa- 
gcnaire : L. sezagenarius.] Designating the number six- 
ty ; as a vomi, a "person sixty years of age ; also, some- 
thing composed of sixty. 

SEX-A-GES'I-MA, n. [L. sexaffesimus.] The second Sun- 
day before Lent, the next to Shrove-Sunday, so called as 
being about the 60th day before Easter^ 

SEX-A-6ES'I-MAL, a. Sixtieth ; pertaining to the number 
sixtv. 

SEX-AN'GLED, ) a. [L. sex and angnlus.] Having six 

SEX-ANGU-LAE, ( angles; hexagonal. 

SEX-AN'GU-LAR-LY, adv. With six angles ; hexagonally. 

SEX-DEC'I-MAL, a. [L. sex and decern.] In crystalogra- 
phy, when a prism or the middle part of a crj^stal has six 
faces and two summits, and, taken together, ten faces, or 
the reverse 

SEX-DU-O-DEC'I-MAL, a. [L. sex and duodechn.'] In 
crystalography, designating a crystal when the prism or 
middle part has six faces and two summits, having togeth- 
er twelve faces. 

SEX-EN'NI-AL, a. [L. sex and anniis.] Lasting six years, 
or haiDpening once in six years. 

SEX-EN'NI-AL-LY, adv. Once in six years. 

SEX'FID, a. [Tu. sex a-ndfindo.] Jn botany, six-c\eft. 

SEX-LO€'U-LAR, a. [L. sex and luculus!] In botany, six- 
celled : h-.ivinff six cells for seeds. 

SEX'TALv, v. -XJ^. sextans.] A stanza of six lines. 

SEX'TANT, 7(. [L. sextans.] 1. In mathematics, the sixth 
part of a circle. Hence, 2. An instrument formed like a 
quadrant, excepting that its limb comprehends only 60 

■ degi^ees, or the sixth part of a circle. — 3. In astronomy, a 
ronstellation of the southern hemisphere. 

SEX'TA-RY, n. [L. sextarius.] A measure of a pint and a 
half. 

t SEX'TA-RY, or f SEX-TRY, 71, The same as sacristan. 
Diet. 

BEX'TiLE, 71. [L. sextilis.] Denoting the aspect or po- 
sition of two planets, when distant from each other 60 de- 
grees. 

SEX'TON, 71. [contracted from sacristan,] An under officer 
of the church, whose business is to take care of the ves- 
sels, vestments, &c. belonging to the church, to attend on 
the officiating clergyman, and perform other duties per- 
taining to the church, to dig graves, &c. 

SEXTON-SHIP, 7i. The office of a sexton. Swift. 

SEX'TU-PLE, a. [Low L. sextwjlus.] 1. Sixfold ; six times 
as much. — 9. In music, denoting a mixed sort of triple, 
beaten in double time, or a measur*; of two times compos- 
ed of six equal notes, three for each time. 

SEX'U-AL, a. I. Pertaining to sex or the sexes; distin- 
guishing the sex ; denoting what is peculiar to the distinc- 
tion and office of male and female. — 2. Sexual system, in 
botainj, the system which ascribes to vegetables the dis- 
tinction of sexes. 

SEX'U-AL-FST, 7*. One who believes and maintains the 
doctrine of sexes in plants. Milne. 

SEX-U-AL'I-TY, 77. The state of being distinguished by 
sex. 

SHAB, V. i. To play mean tricks. — In some parts of J'J'eio 
Evcrlavd, it signifies to reject or dismiss. [Vultrar.] 

SHAB'BED, a. IMean ; shabby. ^. JVood. 

SHAB'BI-LY, ndv. 1. Raggedly ; with rent or ragged 
clothes. 2. Meanly ; in a despicable manner. 

SHAB'BI-NESS, n. 1. Raggedness. 2. Meanness; paltri- 
ness. 

SHAB'BY, a. [T>. sckab'ng : G. schdbig.] ]. Ragged ; torn, 
or worn to rags. 2. Clothed with ragged garments. 3. 
Tile^n ; paltry; despicable. 

SHA€K, /?. In ancient customs of England, a liberty of 
winter pasturage. Stock turned into the stubble after the 
harvest are said to be at shack. — [n J^^eio England, shack 
is used in a somewhat similar sense for mast or the food 
of swine, and for feeding at large or in the forest. 

SHA€K, V. i. 1. To shed, as corn at harvest ; [local.] 
Grose. 2. To feed in stubble, or upon the waste corn of 
the field ; [local.] Pegge. 

SHA€'KLE, 71. Stubble. 

SHA€'KLE, V. t. [Sax. sceacul : D. schakel.] I. To chain ; 
to fetter ; to tie or confine the limbs so as to prevent free 



I motion. 2. To bind or confine so as to obstruct or embar 
rass action. 

SHACKLE, or SHACKLES, 7t. 1. Fetters, gyves, hand 
cuffs. 2. I'hat which obstructs or embarrasses free action ' 

SHACKLED, pp. Tied ; confined ; embarrassed. 

SHACK LING, ;>;>7-. Fettering; binding; confining. 

SI-IAD, n. [G. schade.] A fish, a species of clupea. 

SHAD'DOCK, 7!. A variety of the orange, pampelmoe. 

SHADE, n. [Sax. scad, scead, seed ; G. schatten.] 1. Lit- 
erally, the interception, cutting off or interruption of the 
rays of light ; hence, the obscurity which is caused by 
such interception. Shade differs from shadoic, as it im- 
plies no particular form or definite limit ; whereas a shad- 
oic represents in form the object which intercepts the light 

2. Darkness ; obscurity. 3. An obscure place, properly in 
a grove or close wood, which precludes the sun's rays 
and hence, a secluded retreat. 4. A screen ; something 
that intercepts light or heat. 5. Protection ; shelter. — 6 
In painting, the dark^part of a picture. 7. Degree or gra- 
dation of light. 8. A>shadow ; [see Shadow.] Pope. 9 
The soul, after its separation from the body ; so called be- 
cause the ancients supposed it to be perceptible to the 
sight, not to the touch ; a spirit ; a ghost. Dryden. 

SHADE, V. t. [Sax. sceadan, gesceadan.] 1. To shelter or 
screen from light by intercepting its rays. 2. To over- 
spread with darkness or obscurit}' ; to obscure. 3. To 
shelter ; to liide. 4. To cover from injury ; to protect ; to 
screen. 5. To paint in obscure colors ; to darken. 6. To 
mark with gradations of color. 7. To darken ; to ob- 
scure. 

SHaD'ED, pp. Defended from the rays of the sun ; dark- 
ened. 

SHaD'ER, v. He or that which shades. 

SHa'DI-NESS, 71. The state of being shady ; umbrageous- 
ness. 

SHaD'ING, ppr. Sheltering from the sun's rays. 

SHAD'oW, n. [Sax. sradu, sceadu.] 1. Shade within de- 
fined limits ; obscurity or deprivation of light, apparent on 
a plane, and representing the form of the body which in- 
tercepts the rays of light. 2. Darkness ; shade ; obscurity. 

3. Shelter made by any thing that intercepts the light, 
heat or influence of the air. 4. Obscure place ; secluded 
retreat ; [obs.] 5. Dark part of a picture ; [obs.] 6. A 
spirit ; a ghost ; [obs.] — 7. In painting, the representation 
of a real shadow. 8. An imperfect and faint representa- 
tion ; opposed to substance. 9. Inseparable companion. 
10. Type ; mystical representation. 11. Protection ; shel- 
ter ; favor. Lam. iv. 12. Slight or faint appearance 
James i. 

SHAD'oW, V. t. 1. To overspread with obscurity. 2. To 
cloud ; to darken. 3. To make cool ; to refresh by shade , 
or to shade. 4. To conceal ; to hide ; to screen. 5. To 
protect ; to screen from danger ; to shroud. 6. To mark 
with slight gradations of color or light. Locke. 7. To 
paint in obscure colors. 8. To represent faintly or imper- 
fectly_. 9. To represent typically. 

SHAD OWED, pp. Represented imperfectly or typically. 

SHAB'oW-GRaSS, n. A kind of grass so called. 

SHAD'oW-ING, ppr. Representing by faint or imperfect 
resemblance. 

SHAD'oW-ING, 7!. Shade or gradation of light and color. 

SIIAD'oW-Y, a. [Sax. sceadwig.] 1. Full of shade ; dark ; 
gloomy. 2. Not brightly luminous ; faintly light. 3. 
Faintly representative ; typical. 4. Unsubstantial ; un- 
real. .5. Dark ; obscure ; opaque. 

t SFIAD'oW-Y-NESS, 71. State of being shadowy. 

SHa'DY, a. 1. Abounding with shade or shades ; overspread 
with shade. 2. Sheltered from the glare of light or sultry 
heat. 

t SHAF'FLE, V. i. To hobble or limp. 

t SHAF'FLER, n. A hobbler ; one that limps. 

SHAFT, 7!. [Sax. sceaft ; D., G. schaft ; Sw., Dan. shaft. \ 
1. An arrow ; a missile weapon. — 2. In mining, a pit, or 
long, narrow opening or entrance into a mine. — 3. In ar- 
rhiiectnre, the shaft of a column is the body of it, between 

.- the base and the capital. 4. Any thing straisht. 5. The 
stem or stock of a feather or quill. 6. The pde of a car- 
riage, sometimes called tongue or neap. 7. The handle 
of a weapon. 

SHaFT'ED, a. Having a handle ; a term, in heraldry, ap- 
plied to a spear-head. 

t SHAFT'MENT, n. [Sax. scceftmund.] A span, a measure 
of about six inches. Ray. 

SHAG, 7!. [Sax. sceacg-e ; Haji. sldcRg ; ^w. skagg.] 1. 
Coarse hair or nap, or rough, woolly hah-. 2. A kind of 
cloth having a long, coarse nap.— 3. In ornithology, an 
aquatic fowl. 

SHAG, a. Hairy ; shaggy. Shak. 

SHAG, V. t. 1. To make rough or hairy. J. Barloic. 2. To 
make rough or shaggy ; to deform. Thomson. 

SHAG'GED, or SHAG'GY, a. 1. Rough with long hair or 
wool. 2. Rough ; rugged. 

SHAG'GED-NESS, or SHAG'GI-NESS, n. The state of be- 
ing shaggy ; roughness with long, loose hair or wool. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, O, Y, Zoti/;'.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ; 



t Obsolete 



SHA 



747 



SHA 



SHA-GREE:N', n. [Pers.] A kind of grained leather prepar- 
ed of the skin of a fish, a species of sqtialiis. 

SHA-GREEN', a. Made of the leather called shagreen. 

SHA-GREEN', for clmcrriu. See Chagrin. 

SHAH, n. A Persian word signifying king. Eton. 

SHaIK, SCHEien, or SCHEICK, n. Among the Arabians 
and Moors, an old man 3 and hence, a chief, a lord, a man 
of eminence. 

t SHaIL, v. t. To walk sidewise. L^Estra-nge. 

SHAKE, V. t. ; pret. shook ■ pp. shaken. [Sax. sceacan ; Sw. 
skaka : D. schokken.'\ 1. To cause to move with quick 
vibrations ; to move rapidly one way and the other ; to 
agitate. 2. To make to iott'er or tremble. 3. To cause to 
shiver. 4. To throw down by a violent motion. 5. To 
tlii-ow away ; to drive off. 6. To move from firmness ; to 
weaken the stability of; to endanger ; to threaten to over- 
throw. 7. To cause to waver or doubt ; to impair the res- 
olution of; to depress the courage of. 8. To trill. — To 
shake hands ; sometimes, to unite with ; to agree or con- 
tract with ; more generally, to take leave of, from tlie 
practice of shaking hands' at meeting and parting. — To 
shake off, to drive off; to throw off or down by violence. 

SHAKE, V. i. I. To be agitated with a waving or vibratory 
motion. 2. To tremble ; to shiver ; to quake. 3. To totter. 

SHAKE, n. 1. Concussion ; a vacillating or wavering mo- 
tion ; a rapid motion one way and the other ; agitation. 
2. A trembling or shivering; agitation. 3. Amotion of 
hands clasped. — 4. In music, a trill ; a rapid reiteration of 
two notes comprehending an interval not greater than one 
wjiole tone, nor less than a semitone. 

SHaK'EN, (slia'kn) J3;?. 1. Impelled with a vacillating mo- 
tion ; agitated, 2. a. Cracked or split. 

SHaK'ER, 7(. 1. A person or tiling that shakes or agitates. 
Pope. — 2. In the United States, Shakers is the name given 
to a sect of Christians. 

SHaK'IXG, ppr. 1. Impelling to a wavering motion ; caus- 
ing to vacillate or waver ; agitating. 2. Trembling ; shiv- 
ering ; quaking. 

SHaK IXG, 71. l.The act of shaking or agitating ; brandish- 
ing. Job xli. 2. Concussion. 3. A trembling or shivering. 

SHaK'Y, a. Cracked, as timber. Chambers 

SHALL, / 



(shal) 



V. i. verb aitxiliarij ; pret, should. [Sax. 

SHAL, <, ^""""^ I scealan, scylan. Shall is defective, 
having no infinitive, imperativ<3 or participle.] 1. Shall 
is primarily in the present tense. We still use shall and 
should before auotlier vern in the infinitive, without the 
sign to ; but the signification of shall is considerably de- 
flected from its primitive sense. It is now treated as a 
mere auxiliary/ to other verbs, serving to form some of the 
tenses. — In the present tense, shall, before a verb in the 
infinitive, forms the future tense ; but its force and effect 
are different with the different persons or personal pro- 
nouns. Thus, in the first person, shall simply foretells or 
declares what will take place ; as, I or we shall ride to 
town on Monday. — 2. In the second and third persons, 
shall implies a promise, command or determination ; as, 
you shall receive your wages. — 3. Shall I gol shall he go 7 
intcrrogativebi, asks for permission or direction. But shall 
yougol asks for information of another's intention. 4. But 
after another verb, shall, in the third person, simply fore- 
tells ; as, he says that he shall leave town to-morrow. 
So also in the second person ; as you say that you shall i-ide 
to-morrow. 5. After if, and some verbs which express 
condition or supposition, shall, in all the persons, simply 
foretells. — 6. Should, in the first person, implies a condi- 
tional event. 7. Should, though properly the past tense 
of shall, is often used to express a contingent future 
event ; as, if it should rain to-morrow. 

t SHALE, V. t To peel. See Shell. 

SHALE, 71. [G. schale.] 1. A shell or husk.— 2. In natural 
historn, a species of shist or shistous clay ; slate-clay. 

SHAL-LOOX', n. [said to be from Chalons, in France ; Sp. 
chalcon.^ A slisht woolen stuff. Swift. 

SHAL'LOP, 7!. [Fr. rhaloupe : Sp., Port, chalupa.] 1. A 
sort of large boat with two masts, and usually rigged like 
a schooner. 2. A small, light vessel. 

SHAL-LOT', n. An eschalot, which see. 

SHAL'LoW, a. [from shoal: Sax. sceoL] 1. Not deep; 
having little depth ; shoal. 2. Not dee)) ; not entering far 
into the earth. 3. Not intellectually deep ; not profound ; 
not penetrating deeply into abstruse subjects ; superficial. 
4. Slight ; not deep. 

SHAL'LoW, n. A shoal ; a shelf; a flat ; a sand-bank ; any 
place where the water is not deep. Drvdev. 

SHAL'LoW. v.t. To make shallow. [L.u.} Herbert. 

feHAL'LoWlBRAlXED, a. Weak in intellect; foolish; 
emptv-headed. South. 

SHAL'LoW-LY, adv. 1. With little depth. 2. Superfi- 
ciallv ; simplv ; not wisely. 

SHAL'LoW-NESS, n. 1. Want of depth ; small depth. 2. 
Superficialness of intellect ; want of power to enter deeply 
into subjects ; emptiness ; silliness. 

t SHALM, or t SHAWM, n. [G. schalmeie.] A kind of mu- 
sical pipe. Knolles. 



SHA-LoTE', 71. The French echalote anglicized 
SHAL'STONE, 71. A mineral, tafelspath. 
SHALT. The second person singular of shall, 
SHAM, 71. [W. 5107H.] That which deceives expectation , 
any trick, fraud or device that deludes and disappoints , 
delusion ; imposture. [jVot an elegant word.] Addison. 
SHAM, a. False ; counterfeit ; pretended ; as, a sliam fight 
SHAM, V. t. [W, sionii,] 1. To deceive expectation ; to 
trick ; to cheat ; to delude with false pretenses ; [not ele- 
gant.] 2. To obtrude by fraud or imposition. 
SHAM, V. i. To make mocks. Prior. 
SHAM' AN, 71. In Russia, a wizard or conjurer. Encyc. 
SHAM'BLES,7i. [Sax. scam el ; Li. scamnum.] 1 The place 
where butcher's meat is sold ; a flesli-market.— 2. In min- 
ing, a niche or shelf left at suitaole distances to receive 
the ore which is thrown from one to another, and thus 
raised to the top. 

SHAM'BLING, a. [from scamble, scambling.] Moving with 
an awkward, irregular, clumsy pace. Smith. 

SHAM'BLING, n. An awkward, clumsy, irregular pace or 
gait 

SHAME, n. [Sax. scama, sccam, sceom : G. scham.] 1. A 
painful sensation excited by a consciousness of guilt, or of 
having done something whicli injures reputation ; or by 
the exposure of tliat which nature or modesty prompts us 
to conceal. 2. The cause or reason of shame ; thct which 
brings reproach, and degrades a person in the estimation 
of others. 3. Reproach; ignominy; derision; contempt. 
4. The parts which modesty requires to be covered. 5 
Dislionor ; disgrace. Prov. ix. 

SHAME, V. t. 1. To make ashamed ; to excite a conscious- 
ness of guilt or of doing something derogatory to reputa- 
tion ; to cause to blush. 2. To disgrace. 3. To mock at 

SHAINIE, r. i. To be ashamed. 

SHAMED, pp. IVIade ainamed. 

SHa;\IE'FaCED, a. Bashful ; easily confused or put out of 
countenance. 

SHaME'FaCED-LY, adv. Bashfully ; with excessive mod- 
estv. Woolton. 

SHaME'FaCED-NESS, 71. Bashfulness ; excess of modea- 
tv. Drvdcn. 

SHaME'FUL, a. [shame ^nA fxill.] 1. That brings shame 
or disgrace ; scandalous ; disgraceful ; injurious to reputa- 
tion. "2. Indecent; raising shame in others. 

SHaME'FUL-LY, ndf. 1. Disgracefully ; in a manner to 
bring reproach. 2. With indignity or indecency; hi a 
manner that may cause shame. 

STIa^IE'FUL-XESS, n. Disgracefulness. Johnson. 

SHa3IE'LESS, a. [shame aiTd less.] 1. Destitute of shame ; 
wanting modesty; impudent; brazen-faced; immodest; 
audacious ; insensible to disgrace. Pope. 2. Done with- 
out shame ; indicating want of shame. 

SHaME'LESS-LY, adv. Without shame ; impudently. 
Hair. 

SHaME'LESS-NESS, 71. Destitution of shame ; want of 
sensibility to disgrace or dishonor ; impudence. 

SHaM'ER, 7!. One who makes ashamed ; that which con- 
founds. 

SHaM'ING, ppr. Making ashamed ; causing to blush ; con- 
founding;. 

SHAMOIER, 7?. One that shams ; an impostor. 

*SHAM'OIS, ; ,^u.,rr.hr,^7^ ') '"'• C^i"- chamois ; It. camozza ; 

SHAM^IY, i(.snammyj| Bp. gamuza; Tort, gamo.] 1. 
A species of wild goat. 2. A kind of leather prepared 
from the skin of the' wHd goat. 

SHAjVIROCK, n. The Irish name for three-leafed grass. 

SHANK. 7'. [Sax. scanc, sceanc ; Sw. skank.] 1. The 
whole' joint from the knee to the ankle. 2. The tibia or 
large bone of the leg. 3. The long part of an instrument. 
4. A plant. 

SHANKED, a. Having a shank. 

SHANK'ER, 77. [from Fr. chancre.] A malignant ulcer, 
usually occasioned by some venereal complaint. 

SHANK'-PaINT-ES, 7i. With seamen, a short rope and 
chain which sustain the shank and flukes of an anchor 
asaJnst the ship's side. 

SHAN'SCRIT, n. Tlie Sanscrit, or ancient language of 
Hirdostan. See Sa'Vscrit. 

SHAN'T Y, for janty, gay ; showy [JVot in use, or local.] 

SPIAPE, V. t. ; pret. shaped ; pp. shaped, or shapen. [Sax 
sceapian, sceppan, scipan, or scyppan ; D. scheppen, schaf- 
fen.] 2. To form or create. 2. To mold or make into a 
particular form : to give form or figure to. 3. To mold ; 
to cast ; to regulate ; to adjust ; to adapt to a purpose. 4 
To direct. 5. To image ; to conceive. 

SHAPE, V. i. To square ; to suit ; to be adjusted. 

SHAPE, 7!. 1. Form or fisure as constituted by lines and 
angles. 9. External appearance. 3. The form of the 
truiik of the human body. 4. A being as endowed with 
fonn. 5. Idea ; pattern. 6. Form. 7. Manner. 

SHAPED, or SHaP'EN, pp. Formed; molded; cast; con- 
ceived. 

SHAPE'LESS, a. Destitute of regular form ; wantmg sym- 
metry of dimensions. Shak. 



* Sec Synofsis MOYB, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, j Obsolete 



SHA 



748 



SHE 



SHaPELESS-NESS, n. Destitution of regular form. 

SHAPE'Ll-NESS, n. [from shapely.] Beauty or proportion 
of Tonn. [Little used^l 

SHaPE'LY, a. [from skape.] Weil-formed; having a reg- 
uljir siiape ; symmetrical. Warton. 

SHaPE'SMITH, u. One that undertalces to improve the 
form of the body. [In burlesque.] 

SHaP'IIn'G, ppr. Forming; molding; casting; conceiving; 
giving form. 

SHARD, -n. [Sax. sceard.] ]. A piece or fragment of an 
earthen vessel or of any brittle substance ; [ohs.] 2. The 
snell of an egg or of a snail. 3. A plant; [chard.] 4. A 
fritii or strait. 5. A gap. 6. A fish. 

SHARD'BORN, a. [shard and born.] Born or produced 
among fragments or in crevices. Shak. 

SHaRD'ED, a. Having wings sheathed with a hard case. 
Inhabiting shards. 

SHARE, n. [Sax. scear, sceara.] 1. A part ; a portion ; a 
quantity. 2. A part or portion of a thing owned by a 
number in common. 3. The part of a thing allotted or 
distributed to each individual of a number; dividend; 
separate portion. 4. A part belonging to one; portion 
possessed. 5. A part contributed. 6. The broad iron or 
blade of a plough which cuts the ground ; or furrow-slice. 
— To go shares, to partake ; to be equally concerned. 

SHARE, V. t. [Sax. scearan, scyran.] 1. To divide ; to part 
among two or more. 2. To partake or enjoy with others ; 
to seize and possess jointly or in common. 3. To cut ; to 
shear; [obs.] 

SHARE, V. i. To have part. Locke. 

SHaRE'-BONE, n. The o«sa pubis. Derham. 

SHARED, pp. Held or enjoyed with another or others ; 
divided ;_distnbuted in shares. 

SHARE'HoLD-ER, n. [share and holder.] One that holds 
or owns a share in a joint fund or property. Med. Repos. 

SHAR'SR, n. A partaker; one that participates anything 
with another ; one who enjoys or suffers in common vvitli 
another or others. 

SHAR'iNG, ]ipr. Partaking ; having a part with another ; 
enjoying or suffering with others. 

SHAR'ING, 7!. Participation. 

SHARK, n. [L. carcharias.] 1. A voracious fish of the 
genus squaJus, of several species. 2. A greedy, artful fel- 
low ; one who fills his pockets by sly tricks ; [low.] 3. 
Trick ; fraud ; petty rapine ; [I. u,] — 4. In J^ew' England, 
one tliat lives by shifts, contrivance or stratagem. 

SHARK, V. t. To pick up hastily, slily or in small quanti- 
ties. [Low.] Shak. 

SHARK, v.i. 1. To play the petty thief; or rather to live 
by shifts and petty stratagems. [In .JYew England tlie 
common pronunciation is shurk.] 2. To cheat ; to trick ; 
[low.] 3. To fawn upon for a dinner ; to beg. — To shark 
out, to slip out or escape by low artifices ; [vulgar.] 

SHARK'ER, n. One that lives by sharking; an artful fel- 
low. Wotton. 

SHARK'ING, ppr. Picking up in haste; living by petty rap- 
ine, or by shifts and devices. 

SHARK'ING, 7?.. ]. Petty rapine; trick. WestfieM. 2. The 
seeking of a livelihood by shifts and devices, 

SHARP, a. [Sax. scearp ; D. scherp ; G. scharf ; Dan., Sw. 
skarp.] 1. Having a very thin edge or fine point ; keen ; 
acute ; not blunt. 2. Terminating in a point or edge ; not 
obtuse. 3. Forming an acute or too small angle at the 
ridge. 4. Acute of mind ; quick to discern or distinguish ; 
penetrating; ready at invention ; witty ; ingenious. 5. 
Being of quick or nice perception ; apjJied to the senses 
or organs of perception. 6. Affecting the organs of taste 
like fine points ; sour; acid. 7. Affecting the organs of 
hearing like sharp points; piercing; penetrating; shrill. 
8. Severe ; harsh ; biting ; sarcastic. 9. Severely rigid ; 
quick or severe in punishing; cruel. 10. Eager for food ; 
keen. 11. Eager in pursuit; keen in quest. 12. Fierce; 
ardent ; fiery ; violent. 13. Keen ; severe ; pungent. 
14. Very painful or distressing. 15. Very attentive or 
vigilant. 16. Making nice calculations of profit ; or close 
and exact in making bargains or demanding dues. 17. 
Biting; pinching; piercing. 18. Subtil; nice; witty; 
acute. — 19. Among workmen, hard. 20. Emaciated ; lean ; 
thin. — To brace s'la.rp, in seamanship, to turn the yards to 
the most oblique position possible, that the ship nipy lay 
well up to the wind. 

SHARP, n. 1. In rnnsic, an acute sound. 2. A r ,ite artifi- 
cially raised a semitone ; or, 3. The character which 
directs the note to be thus elevated. 4. A pointed weap- 
on ; [obs.] 

SHARP, V t. 1. To make keen or acute. 2. To render 
quick. 3. To mark with a sharp, in musical composition ; 
or to raise a note a semitone. 

SHARP, V. i. 'lo play tricks in bargaining ; to act the 
sharper. 

SHARP'-ED6ED, a Having a fine, keen edge. 

SHARP'EN, (sharp'n) v. t. [G. sch'drfen ; D. schcpen ; Sw. 
skarpa.] 1. To make sharp ; to give a keen edge or fine 
point to a thing ; to edge ; to point. 2. To make more 



eager or active. 3. To make more pungent and painlu!* 
4. To make more quick, acute or ingenious. 5. To ren- 
der perception more quick or acute. 6. To render more 
keen ; to make more eager for food or for any gatification 
7. To make biting, sarcastic or severe. 8. To render less 
flat, or more shrill or piercing. 9. To make more tart or 
acid ; to make sour. 10. To make more distressing. — 11. 
In music, to raise a sound by means of a sharp. Prof. 
Fisher. 

SHARPEN, V. i. To grow or become sharp. Shak. 

SHARP'ER, n. A shrewd man in making bargains ; a 
tricking fellow ; a cheat in bargaining or gaming. 

SHARP'LY, adv. 1. With a keen edge or a fine pomt. 2. 
Severely; rigorously; roughly. 3. Keenly; acutely; 
vigorously. 4. Violently; vehemently. 5. With keen 
perception ; exactly ; minutely. 6 . Acutely ; wittily 
with nice discernment. 

SI-IARP'NESS, n. 1. Keenness of an edge or point. 2. Not 
obtuseness. 3. Puiigency ; acidity. 4. Pungency of 
pain ; keenness ; severity of pain or afiliction. 5. Pain 
fulness; afflictiveness. 6. Severity of language; pun- 
gency; satirical sarcasm. Dryden. 7. Acuteness of in- 
tellect ; the power of nice discernment; quickness of un 
derstanding ; ingenuity. 8. Quickness of sense or per 
ception. 9. Keenness ; severity. 

SHARP'-SET, a. 1. Eager in appetite ; affected by keen 
hunger ; ravenous. 2. Eager In desire of gratification. 

SHARP'-SHOOT-ER, n. One skilled in shooting at an 
object with exactness ; one skilled in the use of the rifle. 

SHARP'-SlGHT-ED, a. 1. Having quick or acute sight 
2. Having quick discernment or acute understanding. 

SHARP'-VIS-AGED, a. Havhig a sharp or thin face. 

SHARP'- WIT-TED, a. Having an acute or nicely discem 
ing mind. Wotton. 

SHASH. See Sash. 

SHAS'TER, n. Among the Hindoos, a sacred book contahi- 
ing the dogmas of the religion of the Bramins. 

SHAT'TER, V. t. [D. schateren.] I. To break at once into 
many pieces ; to dash, burst, rend or part by violence into 
fragments. 2. To rend ; to crack ; to split ; to rive into 
splinters. 3. To dissipate ; to make incapable of close 
and continued application. 4. To disorder ; to derange ; 
to render delirious. 

SHAT'TER, V. i. To be broken into fragments ; to fall or 
crumble to pieces by any force applied. 

SHATTER-BRAINED, or SHAT'TER-PaT-ED, a. 1. 
Disordered or wandering in intellect. 2. Heedless ; wild ; 
not consistent. 

SHAT'TERED, pp. Broken or dashed to pieces ; rent 

SHAT'TER-ING, ppr. Dashing or breaking to pieces. 

SHAT'TERS, n.plu. The fragments of any thing forcibly 
rent or broken. Swift 

SHAT'TER-F, a. Brittle ; easily falling into many pieces 
not compact ; loose of texture. 

SHAVE, V. t. ; pret. shaved ; pp. shaved, or shaven. [Sax 
sceafan, scafan ; H.schaavcn; G.schaben; Ddcii. skaver.] 
1. To cut or pare off something from the surface of a body 
by a razor or other edged instrument. 2. To shave off, to 
cut off. 3. To pare close. 4. To cut off thin slices ; or to 
cut in thin slices. 5. To skim along the surface or near 
it ; to sweep along. 6. To strip ; to oppress by extortion ; 
to fleece. 7. To make smooth by paring or cutting off 
slices. — To shave a note, to purchase it at a great discount, 
a discount much beyond the legal rate of interest ; [a low 
phrase.] 

SHAVE,?;. [Sw. s/ifl/,- G. schabe ; Sax. scafa, sceafa.] An 
instrument with a long blade and a handle at each end 
fOT shaving hoops, &:c. 

SHAVED, pp. Pared ; made smooth with ^ razor or other 
cutting instrument ; fleeced. 

SHAVE'-GRASS, n. A plant of the genus equisetum. 

SHaVE'LING, n. A man shaved ; a friar or religious ; in 
contempt. Spenser. v 

SHaV'ER, n. 1. One that shaves or whose occupation is to 
shave. 2. One that is close in bargains or a sharp dealer. 
3._One that fleeces ; a pillager ; a plunderer. 

SHaV'ER, n. [Gipsey, tschabe, or tschatoo.] A boy or young 
vnfin. This word is still in common use in JVezo England. 

SHaV'ING, ppr. Paring the surface with a razor or other 
sharp instrument ; making smooth by paring ; fleecing. 

SHaV'ING, n. 1 The act of paring the surface. 2. A thin 
slice pared off. 

SHAW, 71. [Sax. scua, szuwa ; Sw. skugga ; Dan. skovc.] 
A thicket ; a small wood. [Local in England.] 

SHAW-FOWL, n. [shaio and fowl.] The representation 
or image of a fowl made by fowlers to shoot at. 

SHAWL, n. A cloth of wool, cotton, silk or hair, used by 
females as a loose covering for the neck and shoulders. 

t SHAWM, n. [G. schalmeie.] A hautboy or cornet ; writ 
ten, also, shalm. Com. Prayer. 

SHE, pronoun personal of the feminine gender. [Sax. seo 
GotJi. si ; D. zy ; G. sie.] 1 A pronoun which is the sub^ 
stitute for the name of a female, and of the feminine gen- 
der; the word which refers to a female mentioned in the 



* See Synopsis. A, E, l, O, V, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ,— PREY ;— PiN, MARiNE, BiRD ;— t Obiolete 



SHE 



749 



SHE 



pieteding or following part of a sentence or discourse, 
a. She is sometimes used as a noun for woman or female, 
and in tlie plural ; but in contempt or in ludicrous language. 

3. Shb is used also in composition for female^ representing 
sex ; as, a sAe-bear. 

SHeAD'ING, n, [G. scheiden; Sax. sceadan.} In the isle 
of_Man, a riding, tithing or division. 

SHeAF, n. ,• plu. Sheaves. [Sax. sceaf; D. scJioof] 1. A 
quantity of the stalks of wheat, rye, oats or barley bound 
together ; a bundle of stalks or straw. 2. Any bundle or 
collection, 

SHeAF, v. t. To collect and bind ; to make sheaves. Shak. 

t SHEAL. To shell. Shak. 

SHeAR, v. t. ; pret. sheared ; pp. sheared, or shorn. The 
old pret. shore is entirely obsolete. [Sax, scearan, scyran, 
sciroM j G. scheren.] 1. To cut or chp something from the 
surface with an instrument of two blades. 2. To separate 
by shears. 3. To reap j [obs.] Oower. 

SHeAR, v. i. To deviate. See Sheer. 

SHeAR'BILL, n. A fowl, the black skimmer. 

SHEARD, n. A shard. See Shard. 

SHEARED, pp. Clipped ; deprived of wool, hair or nap. 

SHeAR'ER, n. One that shears. Milton. 

SHeAR'MAN, n. One whose occupation is to shear 
cloth. 

SHEARS, n. plu. [from the verb.] 1. An instrument con- 
sisting of two blades witli a bevel edge, movable on a pin, 
used for cutting cloth and other substances. 2. Something 
in the form of the blades of shears. 3. Wings ; [obs.] 

4. An engine for raising heavy weights ; [see Sheers.] 

5. The denomination of the age of sheep from the cutting 
of the teeth ; [local.] 

SHeAR '-WA-TER, n. A fowl. Ainsworth. A species of 
petrel. The cut-water. Bartram. 

SHeAT. See Sheet. 

SHeAT'-FISH, 71. [G. scheide.] A fish. 

SHeATH, n. [Sax. sceath, scathe ; G. scheide ; D. scheede.] 
1. A case for the reception of a sword or other long and 
slender instrument; a scabbard. — 2. In botany, a mem- 
brane investing a stem or branch, as in grasses. 3. 
Any thin covering for defense ; the wing-case of an 
insect. 

SHeATH, ) V. t. 1. To put into a case or scabbard. 2. 

SHeATHE, \ To inclose or cover with a sheath or case. 
3. To cover or line. 4. To obtund or blunt, as acrimo- 
nious or sharp particles. 5. To fit with a sheath. Skak. 
G. To case or cover with boards or with sheets of copper. 
— To sheathe the sword, Si figurative phrase, to put an end 
to_war or enmity ; to make peace. 

SHeATHED, pp. 1. Put in a sheath ; inclosed or covered 
with a case ; covered ; lined ; invested with a membrane. 
--2. a. In ftotanjf, vaginate ; invested by a sheath. 

SHeATH:'ING, ppr. Putting in a slieatb, inclosing in a 
case ; covering ; lining ; investing with a membrane. 

SHeATH'ING, v. The casing or covering of a ship's bot- 
iqin and sides ; or the materials for such covering. 

SHeATH'LESS, a. Without a sheath or case for covering ; 
unsheathed. Percy's Masque. 

SHeATH'-WINGED, a. [sheath and wing.] Having cases 
foi- covering the wings. Brown. 

SHeATH'Y, a. Forming a sheath or case. Brown. 

SHeAVE, 71. In seamen's langiiage, a wheel on which the 
rope works in a block. 

t SHeAVE, v. t. To bring together : to collect. 

t SHeAVED, a. Made of straw. Shak. 

SHeAVE'-HOLE, 71. A channel cut in a mast, yard or 
other timber, in which to fix a sheave. Mar. Diet. 

t SHE€K'LA-T0N, n. [Fr. ciclaton.] A kind of gilt 
leather. 

SHED, V. t. ; pret. and pp. shed. [Sax. scedan.] 1. To pour 
out ; to effuse ; to spill ; to suffer to flow out. 2. To let 
fall; to cast. 3. To" scatter; to emit; to throw off; to 
diffuse. 

SHED, V. i. To let fall its parts. Mortimer. 

.SHED, n. [Sax. seed; Sw. skydd.] 1. A slight building; a 
covering of timber and boards, &c. for shelter against rain 
and the inclemencies of weather ; a poor house or hovel. 
-2. In composition, effusion ; as in blood-sAeo!. 

SHED, V. t. To keep off; to prevent from entering. 

SHED'DER, n. One that sheds or causes to flow out. 

SHED'DING, pjjr. Effusing ; causing to flow out ; letting 
fall ; casting ; throwing off; sending out ; diffusing. 

SHEEN, or SHEEN'Y, a. [Sax. 5ce/ie, sce7i.] Bright; glit- 
tering; showy. Fairfax. 

SHEEN, 71. Brightness ; splendor. Milton 

SHEEP, n. sing, and plu. [Sax. sceap, seep ; G. schaf; D. 
schaap.] 1. An animal of the genus ovis. 2. In contempt, 
a sUly fellow. 3. Figuratively, God's people are called 
sheep. 

t SHEEP'-BITE, V. t. To practice petty thefts. 

t SHEEP'-BlT-ER, n. One who practices petty thefts. 

SHEEP'€OT, n. A small inclosure for sheep; a pen. 

SHEEP'FoLI), n. [sheep and fold.] A place where sheep 
ase collected or confined . Prior. 



SHEEP'HOOK, n. A hook fastened to a pole, ty which 

shepherds lay hold on the legs of their sheep. 
SHEEP'ISH, a. 1. Like a sheep ; bashful ; timoroMs to 

excess ; over-modest ; meanly diffident. 2. Pertaining to 

sheep. 
SHEEP'ISH-LY, adv. Bashfullv ; with mean timidity. 
SHEEFISH-NESS, n. Bashfulness ; e.xcessive modesty or 

diffidence ; mean timorousness. Herbert. 
SHEEP'-MAR-KET, n. A place where sheep are sold. 
SHEEP'-MaS-TER, n. [sheep and master.] A Ideder of 

sheep ; one that has the care of sheen. 
SHEEP'S'-EyE, 71. [sheep and eye.] A modest, diffident 

look, such as lovers cast at their mistresses. Drydea. 
SHEEP'-SHANK, n. Among seamen, a knot in a rope 

made to shorten it, as on a runner or tie. Mar. Diet. 
SHEEP'S'-HEAD, n. [sheep and head.] A fish caught on 

the shores of Connecticut and of Long Island. 
SHEEP'-SHeAR-ER, 77. One tliat shears sheep. 
SHEEP'-SHeAR-ING, 77. 1. The act of shearing sheep 

2. The time of shearing sheep ; also, a feast made on that 
occasion. 

SHEEP'-SKIN, n. The skin of a sheep ; or leather pre 
pared fromit. 

SHEEP'-STeAL-ER, n. [sheep and steal.] One that steals 
sheep. 

SHEEP'-STeAL-ING, 77. The act of stealing sheep. 

SHEEP'-WALK, n. [sheep and walk.] Pasture for sheep ; 
a place where sheep feed. Milton. 

SHEER, a. [Sax. scir, scyr ; G.schier; TiSLa., skier .] 1. 
Pure ; clear ; separate from any thing foreign ; unmingled. 
Shak. 2. Clear; thin. 

f SHEER, adv. Clean ; quite ; at once. Milton. 

t SHEER, V. t. To shear. Dryden. 

SHEER, V. i. 1. In seamen's language, to decline or de- 
viate from the line of the proper course, as a ship wheJi 
not steered with steadiness. 2. To slip or move aside. — 
To sheer off, to turn or move aside to a distance. — To 
sheer up, to turn and approach to a place or ship. 

SHEER, n. 1. The longitudinal curve or bend of a ship's 
deck or sides. 2. The position in which a ship is some- 
times kept at single anchor, to keep her clear of it. 

SHEER'-HULK, n. An old ship of war, fitted witij sheers 
or apparatus to fix or take out the masts of other ships. 

[ SHEER'LY, adv. At once ; quite ; absolutely. 

SHEERS, n. plu. An engine consisting of two or more 
pieces of timber or poles, fastened together near the top ; 
used for raising heavy weights. 

SHEET, 7). [Sax. sceat, sceta, scyta ; L. scheda.] 1. A 
broad piece of cloth used as a part of bed-furniture. 2. A 
broad piece of paper as it comes from the manufacturer. 

3. A piece of paper printed, folded and bound, or formed 
into a book. 4. Any thing expanded. — 5. Sheets, plu. a 
book or pamphlet. 6. A sail. 

SHEET, 77. [Fr. ccoute; Sp., Port, escota.] In nautical lan- 
guage, a rope fastened to one or both the lower corners of 
a sail to extend and retain it in a particular situation. 

SHEET, V. t. 1. To furnish with sheets ; [I. u.] 2. To 
fold in a sheet ; [I. u.] 3. To cover as with a sheet ; to 
cover with something broad and thin. 

SHEET'-AN-CHOR, n. 1. The largest anchor of a ship. 
2. The chief support ; the last refuge for safety. 

SHEET'-€OP-PER, n. Copper in broad, thin plates. 

SHEET'ING, n. Cloth for sheets. 

SHEET'-lR-ON, n. Iron in sheets or broad, thin plates. 

SHEET'-LEAD, ti. Lead in sheets. 

SHEIK, 71. In Egypt, a person who has the care of a 
mosque ; a kind of priest. Encyc. 

SHEK'EL, 77. [Heb.] An ancient weight and coin among 
the Jews and other nations of the same stock. 

SHELD, a. Speckled. 

SHELD'A-FLE, { n. A chaffinch. This word is also writ- 

SHELD'A-PLE, \ ten shell-apple. 

SHEL'DRaKE, 71. An aquatic fowl of the duck kind. 

SHEL'DUCK, 77. A species of wild duck. Mortimer. 

SHELF, 77. ; plu. Shelves. [Sax. scylf.] 1. A platform of 
boards or planks, elevated above the floor, and fixed or 
set on a frame, or contiguous to a wall, for holding vessels, 
utensils, books and the like. 2. A sand-bank in the sea, 
or a rock or ledge of rocks. — 3. In mining, fast ground ; 
that part of the internal structure of the earth which lieg 
in an even, regular form. 

SHELF' Y, a. 1. Full of shelves; abounding with sand- 
banks or rocks. 2. Hard ; firm ; [obs.] 

SHELL, 71. [Sax. scyl, scytl, scell.] 1. The hard or stony 
covering of certain fruits and of certain animals. 2. The 
outer coat of an egg. 3. The outer part of a house unfin- 
ished. 4. An instrument of music, like testudo in Latin 
5. Outer or superficial part. 6. A bomb. — Fossil shells, 
shells dug from the earth. 

SHELL, V. t. 1. To strip or break off the shell ; or to take 
out of the shell. 2. To separate from the ear. 

SHELL, v.. i. 1. To fall off, as a shell, crust or exterior 
coat. 2. To cast the shell or exterior covenrg 3, To be 
from the husk. 



* See Synopsis Mc^VE, BOOK, DqVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this- f Josolete 



sni 



750 



SHI 



SHELLED, pp. Deprived of the shell also, separated 
from the ear. 

SHELL'-FISH, n. An aquatic animal whose external cov- 
ering consists of a shell, crustaceous or testaceous. 

SHELLING, ppr. 1. Taking off the shell ; casting the cov- 
ering. 2._Separating from the ear. 

SUELL'-MeAT, n. Food consisting of shell-fish. 

sue; Xi'-WoRK, 71. Work composed of shells, or adorned 
with them. Cotgrave. 

SHELL y, a. 1. Abounding with shells. 2. Consisting of 
shells. 

SHELTER, n. [Sw. skyla; Dan, skiul] 1. That which 
covers or defends from injury or annoyance, 2. The state 
of being covered and protected ; protection ; security. 
3. He that defends or guards from danger j a protector. 
Ps. Ixi. 

SHEL'TER, V. t. 1. To cover from violence, injury, annoy- 
ance or attack. 2. To defend ; to protect from danger ; 
to secure or render safe ; to harbor. 3. To betake to 
cover or a safe place, 4, To cover from notice j to dis- 
guise for protection. 

SHEL'TER, V. i. To take shelter. MUfon. 

SHEL'TERED, pp. Covered from injury or annoyance ; 
defended; protected. 

SHEL'TER-ING, ppr. Covering from injury or annoyance ; 
protecting. 

SIIEL'TER-LESS, a. Destitute of shelter or protection ; 
without home or refuge. Rozce. 

SHEL'TER-Y, a. Affording shelter. {Little used.] White. 

SHL^'TIE, n. A small but strong horse in Scotland. 

f SHELVE, (shelv) v. t. To place on a shelf or on shelves. 

SHii^LVE, (shelv) v. i. [Sax. scylfan.} To incline; to be 
sloping. 

SHELVING, ppr. or a. Inclining; sloping; having de- 
clivity. 

SHELV'Y, a. Full of rocks or sand-banks ; shallow. 

SHE-MIT'I€, a. Pertaining to Shem, the son of Noah. 
—The Shemitic languages are the Chaldee, Syriac, Arabic, 
Hebrew, Samaritan, Ethiopic and Old Phenician. 

■fSHEND, V. t.; pret. and pp. shent. [Sax. scendan ; D, 
schenden.} 1. To injure, mar or spoU, 2. To blame, re- 
proach, revile, degrade, disgrace. 3. To overpower or 
surpass. Spenser. 

SHENT, j7p. Injured. [Obsolete, unless in poetr^j.] 

SHEP'HERD, (shep'perd) n. [Sax. sceap-heard or hyrd.'] 1. 
A man employed in tending, feeding and guarding sheep 
in the pastured 2. A swain ; a rural lover. 3. The pastor 
of a parish, church or ccngregation. — God and Christ are, 
in Scripture, denominated Skepherds, as they lead, pro- 
tect and govern their people, and provide for their wel- 
fare. 

SHEP'HERD-ESS, n. A woman that tends sheep ; hence, 
a rural lass. Sidney. 

SHEP'H£RD-ISH, a. Resembling a shepherd; suiting a 
shepherd ; pastoral ; rustic. Sidney. 

SHEP'HERD-LY, a. Pastoral; rustic. Taylor. 

SHEP'HERD'S NEE-DLE, n. A plant of the genus scan- 
dix ; Venus's comb. 

SHEP'HERD'S POUCH, or SHEP'HERD-S PURSE, n. A 
plant of the genus thlaspi. 

SHEP'HERD'S ROD, n. A plant ; teasel. 

SHEP'HERD'S STAFF, n. A plant. 

*SHER'BET, n. [Pers.] A drink composed of water, 
lemon -juice and sugar, sometimes with perfumed cakes 
dissolved in it, with an infusion of some drops of rose- 
water. Another kind is made with violets, honey, juice 
of raisins, &c. 

SHERD, 7!. A fragment ; usually written shard. 

SHER'IFF, ) n. [Sax. scir-gerefa.] An officer in each coiui- 

SHER'IF, ) ty, to whom is intrusted the execution of 
the laws. 

SHER 'IFF-DO^F^' } ''* '^^^ °^^^ °^ jurisdiction of sheriff. 

''HEP IFF-SHIP' I [I believe none of these words is now 

cfrr'xjirpp.wrpf/- \ i^ use.] See Shrievalty. 

SHER'RIFFE, n. The title of a descendant of Mohammed 
by Hassan Ibn Ali. Encyc. 

SHER'RY, 71. [sometimes' written sher7-is.] A species of 
wine ; so called from Xeres in Spain, where it is made. 

SHEW. SHEWED, SHEWN. See Sho\v, Showed, 
Shown. 

SHEW'-BREAD. See Show-bread. 

S HEWER, 71. One that shows. See Shower. 

SIirW-ING. See Showing. 

SHIB'BO-LETH, n. [Heb.] J. A word which was made 
tiie criterion by which to distinguish the Ephraimites 
from the Gileadites. 2. The criterion of a party ; or that 
which distinguishes one party from another. South. 

SHIDE, n. r^ax. sceadan.] A piece split off; a cleft; a 
piece ; a billet of wood ; a splinter. [Local in England.] 

SHlEIiD, 77. [Sax. scyld '; D., G. schild.] 1. A broad piece 
of defensive armor ; a buckler ; used in war for the pro- 
lection of the body. 2. Defense ; sl.-eUer ; protection ; or 
ine i>er&on that defends or protects. — 3. In heraldry, the 



escutcheon or field on which are placed the bearings in 
coats of arms. 

SHIELD, V. t. 1. To cover, as with a shield ; to cover from 
danger ; to defend ; to protect ; to secure from assault oi 
injury. 2. To ward off; to defend against. 

SHIeLD'ED, pp. Covered, as with a shield; defended; 
protected. 

SHIeLD'ING, ppr. Covering, as with a shield ; defending 
from attack or injury ; protected. 

SHIFT, V. i. [Sax. scy'ftan ,• D. schiften ; Dan. sJdfte.] 1 
To move ; to change place or position. 2. To change its 
direction ; to vary. 3. To change ; to give place to other 
things. 4. To change clothes, particularly tJie under gar- 
ment or chemise. 5. To resort to expedients for a liveli- 
hood, or for accomplishing a purpose. 6. To practice in- 
direct methods. 7. To seek metliods of safety 8. To 
change place. 

SHIFT, V. t. 1. To change ; to alter. 2. To transfer from 
one place or position to another. 3. To put out of the way 
by some expedient. 4. To change, as clothes. 5. To 
dress in fresh clothes. — To shift about, to turn quite round 
to a contrary side or opposite point. — To shift off. 1. To 
delay ; to defer. 2. To put away. >■ 

SHIFT, 77. 1. A change; a turning from one thing to 
another ; hence, an expedient tried in diificulty ; one 
thing tried when another fails. — 2. In a bad sense, mean 
refuge; last resource. 3. Fraud; artifice; expedient to 
effect a bad purpose ; or an evasion ; a tnck to escape de- 
tection or evil. 4. A woman's under garment ; a chemise. 

SHIFT'ED, pp. Changed from one place or position to 
another. 

SHIFTER, n. 1. One that shifts ; the person that plays 
tricks or practices artifice. — 2. In ships, a person employ- 
ed to assist the ship's cook in washing, steeping aiid 
shifting the salt provisims. 

SHIFT'ING, ppr. Changing place or position; resortuig 
from one expedient to another. 

SHIFT'ING-LY, adv. By shifts and changes; deceitfully, 

SHIFT'LESS, a. Destitute of expedients, or not resorting 
to successful expedients ; wantuig means to act or live, 

SHILF, 71. [G. scAiZ/, sedge.] Straw, Tooke. 

tSHILL. To shell. 

SHILL, V. t. To put under cover ; to sheal. [J\rot in zise, or 
local.] 

SHIL'LING, 78. [Sax. scill, scilling ; G. schilling; D. 
schelling; Sw., Dan. shilling.] An English silver coin 
equal to twelve pence, or the twentieth part of a pound 

SHIL'LY-SHAL-LY, 7?. [Russ. shahju, to play the foor.j 
Foolish trifling; irresolution. [Vulgar. This word has 
probably been written shill-I-shall-I from an ignorance 
of its origin.] 

SHI'LY. SeeSHTLT. 

\ SHIM'MER, V. i. [Sax. scymrian ; G. schimmern , D 
schemeren.] To gleam; to glisten. Chaucer. 

SHIN, n. [Sax. scina, scyne ; G. schiene.] The fore pari 
of the leg, particularly of the human leg. 

SHINE, v^ i. ; pret. shined, or ohone ; pp. shined, or shone. 
[Sax. scinaii ; G. scheinen.] 1. To emit rays of light; to 
give light; to beam with steady radiance; to exhibit 
brightness or splendor. — Shining differs from sparkling, 
glistening, glittering, as it usually implies a steady radia- 
tion or emission of light, whereas the latter words usual- 
ly imply iiTCgular or interrupted radiation. This dis- 
tinction is not always observed, and we may say, that 
the fixed stars shine, as well as sparkle. But we nev-er 
say, the sun or the moon sparkles. 2. To be bright ; to 
be lively and animated ; to be brilliant. 3. To be un- 
clouded. 4. To be glossy or bright, as silk. 5. To be gay 
or splendid. 6. To be beautiful. 7. To be eminent, con- 
spicuous or distinguished. 8. To give light, real or figu- 
rative. 9. To manifest glorious excellences. Ps. Ixxx, 
10. To be clearly published. Is. ix. 11. To be conspicu- 
ously displayed ; to be manifest. — To cause the face to 
shine, to be propitious. JVuwi. vi. 

SHINE, 71. 1. Fair weather. 2. Brightness; splendor; 
lustre ; gloss. 

SHYNESS. See Shyness. 

SHINGLE, 71. [G. schindel ; L. scindula.] 1. A thin board 
sawed or rived for covering buildings. 2. Round gravel, 
or a collection of roundish stones. Shingle ballast is al- 
last composed of gravel. — 3. Shingles, plu. [L. cingulum,] 
a kind of tetter or herpes which spreads around the body 
like a girdle ; an eruptive disease. 

SHIN'GLE, V. t. To cover with shmdes. 

SHIN'GLED, pp. Covered with shingles. 

SHIN'GLING, ppr. Covering with shingles. 

SHiN'ING, ppr. 1. Emitting light; bearamg; gleaming 
2. a. Bright; splendid; radiant. 3. Illustrious; distin 
guished ; conspicuous. 

SHiN'ING, ■^.. Effusion or clearness of light ; brightness 

SHTN'ING-NESS, n. Brightness ; splendor. Spenser 

SHiN'Y, a. Bright; luminous; clear; unclouded. 

SHIP, as a termination, denotes state or office ; as in lord 
ship. 



" See. Sijnopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, Img —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BlRi) ;— f Obsolete 



SHI : 

bHIP. See Shape. 

SHIP, n. [Sax. scip, scyp ; D. schip ; G. schiff.] In a gen- 
eral sense, a vessel adapted to navigation, or floating on 
water by means of sails.— In an appropriate sense, a 
building of a structure or form fitted for navigation, fur- 
nished with a bowsprit and three masts, a main-mast, a 
fore-mast and a mizen-mast, each of which is composed 
of a lower-mast, a top-mast and top-gallant-mast, and 
square-rigged. 

SHIP, V. t. [Sax. scipian.] 1. To put on board of a ship or 
vessel of any kind. 2. To transport in a ship ; to convey 
by water. 3. To receive into a ship or vessel. 

SHIP'-BUiLD-ER, ) n. A man whose occupation is to con- 

SHJP'-BILD-ER, \ struct ships and other vessels j a 
naval architect ; a shipwright. 

SHIP'-BUiLD-ING, ) n. Naval architecture ; the art of 

SHIP'-BILD-ING, \ constructing vessels for navigation. 

SHIFBOARD, adv. [ship and board.l 1. To go oti ship- 
board or a shipboard, is to go aboard ; to enter a ship ; to 
embark. 2. n. The plank of a ship ; [obs.] 

SHIP'-BOY, n. A boy that serves on board of a ship. 

SHIP'-€ARP-EN-TER, n. A shipwrigiit ; a carpenter that 
works at ship-building. 

SHIP'-CHAND-LER, n. One who deals in cordage, canvas 
and other furniture of ships. 

SHIP'-HoLD-ER, n. The owner of a ship or of shipping. 

SHIP'LESS, a. Destitute of ships. Gray. 

t SHIP'MAN, 71. [ship and man.] A seaman or sailor. 

SHIP'MAS-TER, n. [ship and master.] The captain, mas- 
ter or commander of a ship. Jonah i. 

SHIP'MENT, n. 1. The act of putting any thing on board 
of a ship or other vessel; embarkation. 2. The goods or 
things shipped, or put on board of a ship r- other vessel. 

SHIP'-M6N-EY, n. [ship and money.] In English history, 
an imposition formerly charged on the ports, towns, 
Cities, boroughs and counties of England, for providing 
and furnishing certain ships for the king's service. 

SHIPPED, pp. Put on board of a ship or vessel ; received on 
board. 

fSHIP'PEN, n. [Sax. scipen.] A stable ; a cow-house. 

SHIP'PING, ppr. 1. Putting on board of a ship or vessel ; 
receiving on board. 2. a. Relating to ships. 

SHIPPING, ?i. Ships in general; ships or vessels of any 
kind for navigation. — To take shipping, to embark; to 
enter on board a sliip or vessel for conveyance or pas- 
sage. 

SHIP'-SHAPE, adv. In a seamanlike manner. Mar. Diet. 

SHIP'WRE€K, n. [ship and loreck.] 1. The destruction of 
a ship or other vessel by being cast ashore or broken to 
pieces by beating against rocks and the like. 2. The parts 
of a shattered ship ; [unusual.] 3. Destruction. 

SIIIPWRE€K, V. t. 1. To destroy by running ashore or on 
rocks or sand-banks. 2. To suiter the perils of being cast 
away ; to be cast ashore with the loss of the ship. 

SHIP'WREGKED, pp. Cast ashore ; dashed upon the rocks 
or banksj destroyed. 

SHIP'WRiGHT, n. One whose occupation is to construct 
ships ; a builder of ships or other vessels. 

*SHlRE, or SHIRE, n. [Sax. scir, scire, scyre.] In Eng- 
land, a division of territory, otherwise called a county.'^— 
In the United States, the corresponding division of a state 
is called a county, but we retain shire in the compound 
Jialf-shire. 

*SHIRE'-MOTE, n. [Sax. scyr-gemote.] Anciently, in 
England, the county court; sheriff's turn or court. 
Blackstone. 

SHIRK, a different spelling of shark, which see. 

SIIiRL, a different spelling of shorl. See Shorl. 

SHtR'LEY, n. A bird, called the greater bullfinch. 

SHIRT, 71. [Da.n. skiorte ; Sw. skiorta.] A loose garment 
of hnen, cotton or other material, worn by men and boys 
next the body. 

SHiRT, V. t. To cover or clothe, as with a shirt. 2. To 
change the shirt and put on a clean one. 

SHiRT'LESS, a. Wanting a shirt. Pope. 

SHIST, or SHIST'US, n. A species of argillaceous earth or 
slate ; clay-slate. 

SHIST'IO, ) a. Pertaining to shist, or partaking of its 

SHIST'OUS, \ properties. 

SHIT'TAH ) 

SHP^'TIM ' [ "• ^^ Scripture, a sort of precious wood. 

SHIT'TLe' a. Wavering ; unsettled. [Mot used, or local.] 

SniT'TLE-€0€K. See Shuttle-cock. 

SHIT'TLE-NESS, n. Unsettled ness ; inconstancy. [L. u.] 

*SHIVE, (shiv) 72. [D. schyf; G. scheihe.] 1. A slice; a 
thin cut; [obs.] 2. A thin, flexible piece cut off ; [ohs.] 
Boyle. 3. A little piece or fragment ; as the shives of 
flax. •«* 

SHIVER, n. [G. schiefer, schiefcrn.] 1. In mineralogy, a 
species of blue slate ; shist ; shale. — 2. In seamen''s lan- 
guage, a little wheel ; a sheave. 

SHIVER, V. t. To break into many small pieces or splin- 
ters ; to shatter ; to dash to pieces by a blow. 

SHIVER, V. i. I To fall at once into many small pieces or 



51 



SHO 



parts. 2. To quake ; to tremble ; to shudder ; to elmke 

as with cold, ague, fear or horror. 3. To be affected with 
a thrilling sensation, like that of chilliness. 

SHIV'ER, 71, 1. A small piece or fragment into which a 
thing breaks by any sudden violence. 2. A slice j a 
sliver. 

SHIVERED, pp. Broken or dashed into small pieces 

SHIVER-ING, pp7\ 1. Breaking or dashing into small 
pieces. 2. Ciuaking ; trembling ; shaking, as with cold 
or fear. 

SHIVER-TNG, n. 1. The act of breaking or dashing to 
pieces; division ; severance. 2. A trembling ; a shaking 
with cold or fear. 

SHIVER-SPaR, n. [G. sckiefer-spath.] A carbonate of 
lime ; called, also, slate-spar. 

SHIVER-Y, a. Easily falling into many pieces ; not firmly 
cohering; incompact. 

SHoAD, n. Among miaers, a train of metallic stones, which 
serves to direct them in the discovery of mines. 

SHoAD'-STONE, n. A small stone, smooth, of a dark 
liver color, with a shade of purple. 

SHoAL, n. [Sax. sceol.] 1. A great multitude assembled ; 
a crowd ; a throng. 2. A place where the water of a 
river, lake or sea is shallow or of little depth ; a sand- 
bank or bar ; a shallow. 

SHoAL, V. i. 1. To crowd ; to throng ; to assemble in a 
multitude. 2. To become more shallow. 

SHoAL, a. Shallow; of little depth ; as, shoal water. 

SHoAL'I-NESS, n. I. Shallowness ; little depth of water 
2._The state of abounding with shoals. 

SIIoAL'Y, a. Full of shoals or shallow places. Dryden. 

SHO€K, 71. [D. schok ; Er. choc] 1. A violent collision of 
bodies, or the concussion which it occasions ; a violent 
striking or dashing against. 2. Violent onset ; conflict of 
contending armies or foes. 3. External violence. 4. Of- 
fense ; impression of disgust. — 5. In electricity, the effect 
on the animal system of a discharge of the fluid from a 
charged body. B. A pile of sheaves of wheat, rye, &c. — 
7. In JSTeiD England, the number of sixteen sheaves of 
wheat, rye, &c. 8. [from shag.] A dog with long, rough 
hair or shag. 

SHOOK, V. t. [D. schokken ; Fr. choquer.] 1. To shake by 
the sudden collision of a body. 2. To meet force with 
force ; to encounter. 3. To strike, as with horror or dis- 
gust ; to cause to recoil, as from something odious or hor 
rible ; to offend extremely ; to disgust. 

SHOOK, V. i. To collect sheaves into a pile ; to pile 
sheaves, 

SHOCKED, pp. 1. Struck, as with horror; offended; dis- 
gusted. 2. Piled, as sheaves. 

SIIOOK'ING, ppr. 1. Shaking with sudden violence, 2, 
Meeting in onset or violent encounter. 3. a. Striking, as 
with horror ; causing to recoil with horror or disgust. 

SHOOK'ING-LY, adv. In a manner to strike with horror 
or disgust. Chesterfield. 

SHOD, for shoed, pret. and pp. of shoe. 

SHOE, (shoo) n.jplu. shoes, (shooz). [Sax. sceo, sceog ; G. 
schuh ; D. schoen.] 1. A covering for the foot, usually of 
leather, composed of a thick species for the sole, and a 
thinner kind for the vamp and quarters. 2. A plate or 
rim of iron nailed to the hoof of a horse or an ox to de- 
fend it from injury. 3. The plate of iron which is nailed 
to the bottom of the runner of a sleigh, or any vehicle 
tliat slides on the snow in winter. 4. A piece of timber 
fastened with pins to the bottom of the runners of a sled, 
to prevent them from wearing, 5. Something in form of 
a shoe. 6. A cover for defense. 

SHOE, V. t.; pret. and pp. shod. 1. To furnish with shoes ; 
to put shoes on. 2. To cover at the bottom. 

SHOE'BLAOK, n. A person that cleans shoes. 

SHOE'BOY, 71. [shoe and boy.] A boy that cleans shoes, 

SH5E'BU€-KLE, n. [shoe and buckle.] A buckle for fas- 
tening the shoe to the foot. 

SHOE'IiVG, ppr. Putting on shoes. 

SHoE'ING-HORN, n. 1. A horn used to facilitate the 
entrance of the foot into a narrow shoe. 2. Any thing 
by which a transaction is facilitated ; any thing used as a 
medium ; in contempt. 

SHOE'-LEATH-ER, n. Leather for shoes. 

SIIOE'LESS, a. Destitute of shoes. Dr. Addison. 

SHOE'MaK-ER, n. [shoe and maker.] One whose occu- 
pation or trade is to make shoes and boots. 

SHO'ER, n. One that fits shoes to the feet ; one that fur- 
nishes or puts on shoes ; as a, farrier. 

SHOE'STRING, n. [shoe and string.] A string used to 
fasten a shoe to the foot. 

SHOE'TyE, 71. [shoe and tye.] A ribbon used for fastening 
a shoe to the foot. Hudibras. 

t SHOG, for shock, a violent concussion. Dryden. 

t SHOG, V. t. To shake ; to agitate. Carew. 

t SHOG, V. i. To move off; to be gone ; to jog. See Jog. 

t SHOG'GING, n. Concussion. Harmar. 

tSHOG'GLE, V. t. To shake ; to joegle. See Joggle, 



" See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



SHO 



752 



SHO 



bHOLE, 71. [Sax. sceol.] A throng; a crowd; a great 
multitude assembled. See Shoal. 

* SHONE, pp. of shine. 

SHOOK, pp. of shake. 

t SHOON, uldplu. of Shoe. 

SHOOT, V. t.j prat, and pp. shot. The old participle shotten 
is obsolete. [Sax. sceotan, scytan ; G. schosseii.] 1. To 
let fly and drive with force. 2. To discharge and cause 
to be driven with violence. 3. To send off witJi force : 
to dart. 4. To let off; iised of the instrument. 5. To 
siiike with any thing shot. 6. To send out ; to push forth. 
7. To push out ; to emit ; to dart ; to thmst forth. 8. To 
push forward; to drive ; to propel. 9. To push out; to 
thrust forward. 10. To pass through with swiftness. 11. 
To fit to eacJi other by planing ; a workman's term. 12. 
To kill by a ball, arrow or other thuig shot. 

SHOOT, V. i. 1. To perform the act of discharging, sending 
with force, or driving any thing by means of an engine 
or instrument. 2. To germinate ; to bud ; to sprout ; to 
send forth branches. .3. To form' by shooting, or by an 
arrangement of particles into spiculae. 4. To be emitted, 
sent forth or driven along. 5. To protuberate ; to be 
pushed out ; to jut ; to project. 6. To pass, as an arrow 
or pointed instrument ; to penetrate. 7. To grow rapid- 
ly ; to become by rapid growth. 8. To move with ve- 
locity. 9. To feel a quick, darting pain. — To shoot ahead, 
to outstrip in running, flying or saUing. 

SHOOT, n. 1. The act of propelling or driving any thing 
witli violence ; the discharge of a fire-arm or bow. 2. 
The act of striking or endeavoring to strike with a mis- 
sive weapon. 3. A young branch. 4. A young swine ; 
[in JVew England pronounced shote.'\ 

SHOOT'ER, n. One that shoots ; an aixher ; a gunner. 

SHOOT'ING, ppr. Discharging, as lire-arms ; pushing out ; 
germinating; branching ; glancing, as pain. 

SHOOTTNG, 71. 1. The act of discharging fire-arms, or of 
sending an arrow with force ; a firing. 2. Sensation of a 
quick, glancing pain. — 3. In sportsmoMship,\hediCl or prac- 
tice of killing game witJi guns or fire-arms. 

SHOOT' Y, a. Corresponding in size or growth ; of an equal 
size. Orose. 

SHOP, 71. [Norm, schope ; Sax. sceoppa.] 1. A building in 
which goods, wares, drugs, &:c. are sold by retail. 2. A 
building in which mechanics work, and where they keep 
their manufactures for sale. 

SHOP, V. i. To visit shops for purchasing goods ; used chief- 
ly in the participle. 

SHOP'BoARD, 7i. A bench on which work is performed. 

SHOP'BOOK, 71. [shop and book.] A book in which a 
tradesman keeps his accounts. Locke. 

•\ BHOPE, old pret. of shape. Shaped. Spenser. 

SHOF'KEEP-ER, n. A trader who sells goods in a shop or 
by retail ; in distinction from a merchant, or one who sells 
bywholesal3. Addison. 

SHOP'LIFT-ER, n. One who steals anything in a shop, or 
takes goods privately from a shop. 

SHOP'LIFT-ING, n. Larceny committed in a shop ; the 
stealing of any thing from a shop. 

SHOP'LiKE, a. Low; vulgar. B.Johnson. 

SHOP'MAN, 71. 1. A petty trader. 2. One who serves in 
a shop. 

SHOPPING, ppr. Visiting shops for the purchase of goods. 

t SHORE, the old pret. of shear. 

SHORE, n. [Sax. score.] The coast or land adjacent to the 
ocean or sea, or to a large lake or river. 

SHORE, 71. The popular but corrupt pronunciation of seio- 
er. 

SHORE, n. [Sp., Port, escora ; D. schoor.] A prop ; a but- 
tress ; something that supports a building. 

SHORE, V. t. 1. To prop ; to support by a post or buttress. 
2._ To set on shore ; [obs.~\ Shak. 

SHoRED, pp. Propped ; supported by a prop. 

SHoRE'LESS, a. Having no shore or coast; of indefinite 
or^ unlimited extent. Boyle. 

SHoRE'LING, ) n. In England, the skin of a living sheep 

SHOR'LING, \ shorn, as distinct from the morling, or 
skin taken from a dead sheep. 

SHORE, 71. [Sw. sA:uH.] A mineral. 

SHOR-La'CEOUS, a. Like shorl. Kincan. 

SHORL'ITE, 71. A mineral of a greenish-white color. 

SHORN, pp. o{ shear. 1. Cut off. 2. Having the hair or 
wool cut off" or sheared. 3. Deprived. 

SHORT, a. [Sax. sceort, scyrt ; G. kurz ; D., Sw., Dan. kort ; 
Fr. court ; It. corto ; L. curtus.] 1. Not long ; not hav- 
ing great length or extension. 2. Not extended in time; 
not of long duration. 3. Notof usual or sufficient length, 
reach or extent. 4. Not of long duration ; repeated at 
small intervals of time. 5. Not of adequate extent or 
quantity; not reaching the point demanded, desir-ed or 
expected. 6. Deficient ; defective ; imperfect. 7. Not 
adequate ; insufficient ; scanty. 8. Not sufficiently sup- 
plied ; scantily furnished. 9. Not far distant in time; 
future. 10. Net fetching a compass ; as in the phrase to 
turn short. 11. Not going to the point intended ; as, to 



stop short. 12. Defective in quantity. 13. Narrow 
limited ; not extended ; not large or comprehensive. 14 
Brittle ; friable ; breaking all at once without splinters or 
shatters. 15. Not bending. 16. Abrupt ; brief ; pointed ; 
petulant ; severe. — To be short, to be scantily supplied — 
To come short. 1. To fail ; not to do wliat is deitianded or 
expected. 2. Not to reach or obtain. Rom. iii. 3. To 
fail , to be insufficient. — To cut short, to abridge ; to con- 
tract. — To fall short. 1. To fail ; to be inadequate or scan- 
ty. 2. To fail ; not to do or accomplish. 3. To he less.— 7V 
stop short, to stop at once ; also, to stop without reaching 
the point intended. — To turn short. 1. To turn on the spo"t 
occupied; to turn without making a compass. — To be ta- 
ken short, to be seized with urgent necessity. — In short, iii 
few words ; briefly. 

SHORT, n. A summarv account. Shak. 

SHORT, adv. Not long!] Dryden. 

SHORT, V. t. 1. To shorten. 2. v. i. To fail ; to decrease ; 
[obs.] 

SHORT'-BREATHED, (short'bretht) a. Having short breath 
or quick respiration. 

SHORT'-DaT'ED, a. Having little time to run. 

SHORT'EN, (short'n) v. t. [Sax. scyrtan.] 1. To make 
short in measure, extent or time. 2. To abridge ; to lessen. 
3. To curtail. 4. To contract ; to lessen ; to diminish in 
extent or amount. 5. To confine ; to restrain. 6. To 
lop ; to deprive. 

SHORT'EN, (short'n) v. i. 1. To become short or shorter. 
2. To contract. 

SHORTENED, pp. Made shorter; abridged; contracted. 

SHORT'EN-ING, ppr. Making shorter ; contracting. 

SHORT'EN-ING, n. Something used in cookery to make 
paste short or friable, as butter or lard. 

SHORT'-HAND, n. Short writijig ; a compendious method 
of writing ; otherwise called stenography. 

SHORT'-JOINT-ED, a. [short and joint. | A horse is said 
to be short-jointed, when the pastern is too short. 

SHORT'-LIVED, a. [short and live.] Not living or lasting 
long ; being of short continuance. Dryden. 

SHORT LY, adv. 1. Quickly ; soon; in a little time. 2. In 
few words ; briefly. 

SHORT'NER, 7i. He or that which shortens. S^oift. 

SHORT'NESS, n. 1. Tlie quality of being short in space or 
time ; little length or little duration. 2. Fewness of 
words ; brevity ; conciseness. 3. Want of reach or the 
power of retention. 4. Deficiency ; imperfection ; limit- 
ed extent. 

SHORT'-RIB, n. One of the lower ribs ; a rib shorter than 
the others, below the sternum ; a false rib. 

SHORTS, 71. plu. The bran and coarse part of meal. [Lo- 
cal.] 

SHORT'-SlGHT, n. Short-sightedness; myopy ; vision 
accurate only when the object is near. Oood. 

SHORT'-STGHT-ED, a. 1. Not able to see far; having 
limited vision. 2. Not able to look far into futurity ; not 
able to understand things deep or remote ; of limited in 
tellect. 

SHORT' -SiGHT-ED-NESS, 71. 1. A defect in vision, con- 
sisting in the inability to see things at a distance. 2. De- 
fective or limited intellectual sight. 

SHORT'-WaIST-ED, a. Having a short waist. 

SHORT'-WIND-ED, a. [short and 7Di7id.] Affected with 
shortness of breath ; having a quick respiration. 

SHORT'-VVINGED, a. Having short wings. 

SHORT'- WIT-TED, a. Having little wit ; not wise ; of 
scanty intellect or judgment. Hales. 

SHoR'Y, a. Lying near the shore or coast. [Little used, j 

SHOT, pret. and pp. of shoot. 

SHOT, 71. [Sax. scyt ; D. schoot, schot.] 1. The act of 
shooting ; discharge of a missile weapon. 2. A missile 
weapon, particularly a ball or bullet. 3. Small globular 
masses of lead, used for killing fowls and other small an- 
imals. 4. The flight of a missile weapon, or the distance 
which it passes from the engine. 5, A reckoning ; charge 
or proportional share of expense. — Shut of a cable, in sea- 
men's language, the splicing of two cables together; or 
the whole length of two cables thus united. 

SHOTE, n. [Sax. sceota.] 1. A fish resembling the trout. 
2. A young hog; see Skoot. 

SHOT'-FREE, a. 1. Free from charge ; exempted from any 
share of expense ; scot-free. 2. Not to be injured by 
shot ; [obs.] 3. Unpunished ; [obs.] 

SHOT'TEN, (shot'n) a. [from shoot.] 1. Having ejected 
the spawn. 2. Shooting into angles. 3. Sliot out of it* 
socket ; dislocated ; as a bone. 

t SHOUGH, (shok) n. A kind of shaggy dog. See Shock. 

SHOULD, (shud). The preterit of 5A0ZZ, but now u»ed as an 
auxiliary verb, either in the past time or conditional pres- 
ent ; and it often denotes obligation or duty. 

SHoUL'DER, 71. [Sax. sculdre, sculdor, sculder ; G. schulter , 
D. schouder.] 1. The joint by which the arm of a human 
being, or the fore leg of a quadruped, is connected with the 
body. 2. The upper joint of the fore leg of an animal cut 
for the market. 3. Shoulders, in the plural, the upper part 



* See Synopsis A, E, I, 5, V, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



SHO 



'53 



SHR 



of the back 4. Figuratively, support ; sustaining power ; 
or that which elevates and sustains. — 5. Among artificers, 
something like the human shoulder ; horizontal or rectan- 
gular projection from the body of a thing. 

SHoUL'DER, V. t. 1. To push or thrust with the shoulder ; 
to push with violence. 2. To talie upon the shoulder. 

SHoUL'DER-BELT, n. [shoulder and belt.] A belt that 
passes across the shoulder. Drxjden. 

SHoUL'DER-BLADE, n. The bone of the shoulder, or 
blade-bone ; called by anatomists scapula. 

t SHoUL'DER-eLAP-PER, n. One that claps another on 
the shoulder, or that uses great familiarity. Shak. 

SHoUL'DER-KNOT. n. [shoulder and k7iot.] An orna- 
mental knot of ribbon or lace worn on the shoulder ; an 
epaulet. 

SHoUL'DER-SHOT-TEN, a. [shoulder and shot.] Strain- 
ed in the shoulder, as a horse. Shak. 

SHoUL'DER-SLIP, n. [shoulder and slip.] Dislocation of 
the shoulder or of the humerus. Swift. 

SHOUT, V. i. To utter a sudden and loud outciy, usually 
in joy or exultation, or to animate soldiers in an onset. 

SHOUT, 7«. Aloud burst of voice or voices; a vehement 
and sudden outcry, particularly of a multitude of men, 
expressing joy, triumph, exultation or animated coiur- 
age. 

SHOUT, V. t. To treat with shouts or clamor. Hall. 

SHOUT'ER, 7i. One that shouts. Dryden. 

SH0UT'ING,;>p7-. Uttering a sudden and loud outcry in joy 
or exultation. 

SHOUT'ING, n. The act of shouting. 2 Sam. vi. 

SH6VE, 1). ^ [Sax. scufan ; B.schuiven; Sw. skuffa; Dan. 
skuftr.] 1. To push ; to propel ; to drive along by the 
direct application of strength without a sudden impulse ; 
to push a-body by sliding or causing it to move along the 
surface of another body. 2. To push ; to press against. 

SH6VE, V. i. 1. To push or drive forward ; to urge a course. 
2. To push off; to move in a boat or with a pole. 

SH6VE, 71. The act of pushing or pressing against by 
strength, without a sudden impulse. Swift. 

SH6VED, pp. Pushed ; propelled. 

SHoV'EL, (shuv'l) 71. [Sax. scofl; G. schaufel; D. sclioffel.] 
An instrument consisting of a broad scoop or hollow 
blade with a handle ; used for throwing earth or other 
loose substances. 

SHoV'EL, V. t. 1. To take up and throw with a shovel. 2. 
To gather in great quantities. 

SHoV'EL-BoARD, n. A board on which they play by slid- 
ing metal pieces at a mark. Dryden. 

SH6 V ELED, pp. Thrown with a shovel. 

SH6V'EL-ER, n. A fowl of the duck kind. 

SHoV'EL-ING, ppr. Throwing with a shovel. 

SHoW, V. t.; pret. sftowed; pp. shown or showed. It is 
sometimes written shew, shewed, shewn. [Sax. sceawian ; 
D. scliouwen; G. schauen.] 1. To exhibit or present to 
the view of others. 2. To afford to the eye or to notice ; 
to contain in a visible form. 3. To make or enable to see. 
4 To make or enable to perceive. 5. To make to know ; 
to cause to understand ; to make known to ; to teach or 
mform. Job x. 6. To prove ; to manifest. 7. To inform ; 
to teach. 8. To point out, as a guide. 9. To bestow ; to 
confer ; to afford. Ps. cxii. 10. To prove by evidence. 
Ezra ii. 11. To disclose ; to make known. 12. To dis- 
cover ; to explain. Dan. ii. — To show forth, to manifest ; 
tq^ publish ; to proclaim. 1 Pet. ii. 

SHoW, V. i. 1. To appear ; to look •, to be in appearance. 
2. To have appearance ; to become or suit well or ill ; [obs.] 

SHoW, 71. 1. Superficial appearance; not reality. 2. A 
spectacle ; something offered to view for money. 3. Os- 
tentatious display or parade. 4. Appearance as an object 
of notice. 5. Public appearance, in distinction from con- 
cealmdiit. 6. Semblance ; likeness. 7. Speciousness ; 
plausibility. 8. External appearance. 9. Exhibition to 
view. 10. Pomp; magnificent spectacle. 11. A phan- 
tom. 12. Representative action. 13. External appear- 
ance ; hypocritical pretense. 

SHoW'-BREAD, or SHEW'-BREAD, n. [show and bread.] 
Among the Jews, bread of exhibition ; the loaves of bread 
which the priest of the week placed before the Lord, on 
the golden table in the sanctuary. They were twelve in 
number, and represented the twelve tribes of Israel. 
They were to be eaten by the priest only. 

SHoW'ER, 71. One who shows or exhibits. 

SHOWER, 71. [Sax. scwr ,• G. scAawer.] 1. A fall of rain 
or hail, of short duration. 2. A fall of ihings from the 
air in thick succession. 3. A copious supply bestowed ; 
liberal distribution. 

SHOW'ER, V. t. 1. To water with a shower ; to wet copi- 
ously with rain. 2. To bestow liberally ; to distribute or 
scatter in abundance. 3. To wet with falling water, as 
in the shower-bath. 

SHOW'ER, V. i. To rain in showers. 

SHOWERED, pp. Wet with a shower ; watered abun- 
dantly ; bestowed or distributed liberally. 

SHOWER-LESS, a. Without showers. Armstrong. 



SHOW'ER-Y, a. Raining in showers; abounding with 

frequent falls of rain. 
SHoW'I-LY, adv. In a showy manner ; pompously , witli 



SHoW'I-NESS, 71. State of being showy ; pompousness , 

great parade. 
SHoWlSH, o. 1. Splendid ; gaudy ; [I. u.] 2. Ostentatious. 
SHoWN, pp. of show. Exhibited ; manifested ; proved. 
SHoWY, a. 1. Splendid ; gay ; gaudy ; making a great 

show ; fine. Addison. 2- Ostentatious. 
t SHRAG, V. t. To lop. 
t SHRAG, n. A twig of a tree cut off. 
t SHRAG 'GER, n. One that lops ; one that trims trees. 
SHRANK, pret. of shrink, nearly obsolete. 

I SHRAPE i '^' ^ P'^*^® halted with chaff to invite bkds 

SHRED, V. t.; pret. and pp. shred. [Sax. screadan.] To 
cut into small pieces, particularly narrow and long pieces. 

SHRED, 71. 1. Along, narrow piece cut off; as, shreds of 
cloth. Bacon. 2. A fragment; apiece. Swift. 

SHRED'DING, ppr. Cutting into shreds. 

SHRED'DING, n. That which is cut off ; a piece. 

SHREW, n. 1. A peevish, brawling, turbulent, vexatious 
woman. 2. A shrew-mouse. 

t SHREW, V. t. To beshrew ; to cmse. Chaucer. 

SHREWD, a. 1. Having the qualities of a shrew ; vexa- 
tious ; troublesome ; mischievous ; [obs.] Shak. 2. Sly ; 
cunning; arch; subtil; artful; zistute. 3. Sagacious, 
of nice discernment. 4. Proceeding from cunning oi 
sagacity, or containing it. 5. Painful ; vexatious ; trouble- 
some ; [obs.] 

SPIREWD'LY, adv. 1. Mischievously ; destructively ; [obs.i 
2. Vexatiously ; [obs.] 3. Archly ; sagaciously ; with 
good guess. Locke. 

SHREWD'NESS, n. 1. Sly cunning ; archness. 2. Saga- 
ciousness ; sagacity ; the quality of nice discernment. 3. 
.Mischievousness ; vexatiousness ; [obs.] 

SHREWISH, u. Having the qualities of a shrew ; froward ; 
peevish ; petulantly clamorous. Shak. 

SHREWISH-LY, adv. Peevishly ; clamorously. 

SHREWISH-NESS, n. The qualities of a shrew ; frow- 
ardness ; petulance ; turbulent clamorousness. 

SHREW-MOUSE, n. [Sax. screawa.] A small animal 
resembling a mouse, but belonging to the genus sorex. 

SHRIEK, V. i. [Dan. skriger ; Sw. skrika ; G. schreicn.] 
To utter a sharp, shrill cry ; to scream, as in a sudden 
fright, in horror or anguish. Shak. 

SHRIeK, 71. A sharp, shrill outcry or scream, such as is 
prod_uced by sudden terror or extreme anguish. 

SHRIeK'ING, ppr. Crying out with a shrill voice. 

tSHRlEV'AL,a. Pertaining to a sheriff. 

SHRIeV'AL-TY, n. [from sheriff.] Sheriffalty ; the office 
of a sheriff. Blackstone. 

fSHRlEVE, n. Sheriff. 

t SHRlFT, n. [Sax. scrift.] Confession made to a priest 

t SHRiGHT, for shrieked. Chaucer. 

t SHRlGHT, n. A shriek. Spenser. 

SHRIKE, n. [See Shriek.] The butcher-bird. 

SHRILL, a. [W. grill; Arm. scrilh } L. gryllus.] 1. 
Sharp ; acute ; piercing ; as sound. 2. Uttering an acute 
sound. 

SHRILL, V. i. To utter an acute, piercing sound. Spenser 

SHRILL, V. t. To cause to make a shrill sound. Spenser. 

SHRILL'NESS, n. Acuteness of sound ; sharpness or fine- 
ness of voice. Smitlu 

SHRIL'LY, adv. Acutely, as sound ; with a sharp sound 

t SHRIMP, V. t. [D. kriwpen.] To contract. 

SHRIMP, n. 1. A crustaceous animal of the genus cancer. 
2. A little wrinkled man ; a dwarf; in contempt. 

SHRINE, 71. [Sax. serin ; G. schrein ; Sw. skrin ; L. scrini- 
um.] A case or box ; particularly applied to a case in 
which sacred things are deposited. 

SHRINK, V. i.; pret. and pp. shrunk. The old pret. shrank 
and pp. shrunken are nearly obsolete. [Sax. scrincan.] 1 
To contract spontaneously ; to draw or be drawn into less 
length, breadth or compass by an inherent power. 2. To 
shrivel ; to become wrinkled by contraction ; as the 
skin. 3. To withdraw or retire, as from danger ; to de- 
cline action from fear. 4. To recoil, as in fear, horror or 
distress. 5. To express fear, horror or pain by shrugging 
or contracting the body. 

SHRINK, V. t. To cause to contract. 

SHRINK, n. Contraction ; a spontaneous drawing into less 
compass; corrugation. 2. Contraction; a withdrawing 
from fear or horror. 

SHRINK'AGE, n. A shrinking or contraction into a less 
compass. 

SHRINK'ER, 71. One that shrinks ; one that withdraws 
from danger. 

SHRINK'ING, ppr. Contracting ; drawing together ; with- 
drawing from danger ; causing to contract. 

SHRIV'AL-TY. See Shrievalty. 

t SHRIVE, V. t. [Sax. scrifan.] To hear or receive the con 
fession of ; to admmister confession ; as a priest. 



See Syvopsis. 



MOVE, BOOK, DOVE : 

■ '48 



-BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; ? as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



SHU 



754 



SIC 



I SHRIVE, V. u To administer confession. Spenser. 

SHRIVEL, (shriv'l) v. i. [from the root of rivel, Sax. geri- 
Jled.] To contract ; to draw or be drawn into wrinkles ; 
to sltrink and form corrugations. 

SHRIVEL, V. t. To contract into wrinkles ; to cause to 
slirink into corrugations. 

SHRIVELED, pp. Contracted into wrinkles. 

SHRIV'EL-ING, ppr. Contracting into wrinkles. 

tSHRlVER,?t. [from shrive.j A confessor. Shak. 

t SHRlV ING, n. Shrift ; confession taken. Spenser. 

SHROUD, n. [Sax. scrud.] 1. A shelter ; a cover ; that 
which covers, conceals or protects. 2. The dress of tlie 
dead ; a winding sheet. — 3. Shroud or shrouds of a ship, a 
range of large ropes extending from the head of a mast to 
the right and left sides of the ship, to support the mast. 
4 A branch of a tree. 

SHROUD, V t. 1. To cover : to shelter from danger or an- 
noyance 2. To dress for the grave ; to cover ; as a dead 
body. 3. To cover J to conceal ; to hide. 4. To defend; 
to protect by hiding. 5. To overwhelm. 6. To lop the 
branches of a tree ; [unusual.] 

SHROUD, V. i. To take shelter or harbor. MUton. 

SHROUD'ED, pp. Dressed ; covered ; sheltered. 

SHROUD'ING, ppr. Dressing ; covering ; concealing. 

SHROUD'Y, a. Affording shelter. Jllilton. 

f SHRoVE, V. i. To join in the festivities of Shrove-tide. 

SHRoVE'-TlDE, } u. Confession-time ; confession- 

SHRoVE'-TuES-DAY, \ Tuesday ; the Tuesday after 
(iuinquagesima-Sunday, or the day immediately preced- 
ingjhe first of Lent, or Ash-Wednesday. 

SHRoVING, 71. The festivity of Shrove-tide. 

SHRUB, n. [Sax. scrob ; G. schroff.] A low, dwarf tree ; 
a woody plant of a size less than a tree. 

SHRUB, n. [Ar.] A liquor composed of acid and sugar, 
with spirit to preserve it. 

SHRUB, V. t. To clear of shrubs. Anderson. 

SHRUB'BER-Y, n. 1. Shrubs. 2. A plantation of shrabs. 

SHRUB'BY, a. 1. Full of shrubs. 2. Resembling a shrub. 
3. Consisting of shrubs or brush. 4. A shrubby plant is 
perennial, with several woody stems. 

fSHRUFF, 71. [G. schroff.] Dross ; recrement of metals. 

SHRUG, V. t. [G. riJcken ; D. rug ; Sax. hric, or hrj/g.] To 
draw up ; to contract ; as, to shrug the shoulders. 

SHRUG, V. i. To raise or draw up the shoulders. 

SHRUG, n. A drawing up of the shoulders ; a motion usu- 
ally expressing dislike. Hudibras. 

SHRUG'GING, ppr. Drawing up, as the shoulders. 

SHRUNK, pret. and pp. of shrink. 

SHRUNK'EN, pp. of shrink. [J^earbj obsolete.] 

SHUD'DER, V. i. [G. schaudern ; D. schudden.] To quake ; 
to tremble or shake with fear, horror or aversion ; to 
shiver. 

SHUD'DER, n. A tremor ; a shaking with fear or horror. 

SHUD'DER-ING,jBpr. Trembling; quaking. 

SHUF'FLE, V. t. [D. schoffelen.] 1. Properly, to shove one 
way and the other ; to push from one to another. 2. To 
mix by pushing or shoving ; to confuse ; to throw into 
disorder ; especialhj, to change the relative positions of 
cards in the pack. 3. To remove or introduce by artificial 
confusion. — To shuff.e off, to push off; to rid one's self of. 
— To shuffle up, to throw together in haste; to make up 
or form in confusion or with fraudulent disorder. 

SHUF'FLE, V. i. 1. To change the relative position of 
cards in a pack by little shoves. 2. To change the posi- 
tion ; to shift ground ; to prevaricate ; to evade fair ques- 
tions ; to practice shifts to elude detection. 3. To strug- 
gle ; to shift. 4. To move with an iiTCgular gait. 5. To 
shove the feet ; to scrape the floor in dancing ; [vulgar.] 

SHUF'FLE, 71. 1. A shoving, pushing or jostling ; the act 
of mixing and throwing into confusion by ehange of 
places. 2. An evasion ; a trick ; an artifice. 

SHUF'FLE-BoARD. The old spelling of shovel-board. 

SHUF'FLE-€AP, n. A play performed by shaking money 
in a hat or cap. Jirbuthnot. 

SHUF'FLED, pp. Moved by little shoves ; mixed. 

SHUF'FLER, n. One that shuffles or prevaricates ; one 
that plays tricks ; one that shuffles cards. 

SHUF'FLING, ppr. 1. Moving by little shoves ; changing 
the places of cards; evading; playing tricks. 2. a. Eva- 
sive. 

SHUF'FLING, n. 1. The act of throwing into confusion. 
2. Trick ; artifice ; evasion. 3. An irregular gait. 

SHUPFLING-LY, adv. With shuffling ; with an irregular 
gait or pace. Dry den 

SHUN, 7>. t. [Sax.scunian,ascunian.] 1. To avoid ; to keep 
c?ear of; not to fall on or come in contact with. 2. To 
avoid ; not to mix or associate with. 3. To avoid ; not to 
practice. 4. To avoid ; to escape. 5. To avoid ; to de- 
cline ; to neglect. 

SHUN'LESS, a. Not to be avoided ; inevitable, [i. u.] 

SHUNNED, j?p. Avoided. 

SHUN'NING, ppr. Avoiding ; keeping clear from ; de- 
clining. 

SHURK. SeeSHAR-s. 



SHUT, V. t. ; pret. and pp. shut. [Sax. scittan ; scyttan.] i 
To close so as to hinder ingress or egress. 2. To prohibit , 
to bar ; to forbid entrance into. 3. To preclude ; to ex- 
clude. 4. To close, as the fingers ; to contract. — To shut 
in. 1. To inclose ; to confine. 2. Spoken of points of 
land, when, by the progress of a ship, one point is brought 

to cover or intercept the view of another To shut out, to 

preclude from entering; to exclude. — To shut up. 1. To 
close ; to make fast the entrances into. 2. To obstruct 
3. To confine ; to imprison ; to lock or fasten in. 4. Tr 
confine by legal or moral restraint. 5. To end ; to termi 
nate ; to conclude. 

SHUT, V. i. To close itself; to be closed. 

SHUT, pp. 1. Closed ; having the entrance barred. 2. a 
Rid; clear; free. L^Estrange. 

SHUT, 7j. L Close; the act of closing ; [little used.] 2. A 
small door or cover. 

SHUT'TER, 71. 1. A person that shuts or closes. 2. A 
door ; a cover ; something that closes a passage. 

SHUT'TING,7);)r. Closing ; prohibiting entrance. 

SHUT'TLE, n. [Ice. skutuL] An instrument used by 
weavers for shooting the thread of the woof in weaving 
from one side of the cloth to the other, between the threads 
of the warp. 

SHUT'TLE-€0€K, n. [shuttle and cock, or cork.] A cork 
stuck with feathers, used to be struck by a battledore in 
play ; also, the play. 

SHY, a. [G. scheu ; D. schuw ; Sw. skygg ; Dan. sky.] 1. 
Fearful of near approach ; keeping at a distance through 
caution or timidity ; shunning approach. 2. Reserved ; 
not familiar ; coy ; avoiding freedom of intercourse. 3. 
Cautious ; wary ; careful to avoid committing one's sell 
or adopting measures. 4. Suspicious ; jealous. 

SHY, V. i. To shun by turning aside ; applied to a horse. 

SHY'LY, adv. In a shy or timid manner ; not familiarly ; 
with reserve. 

SHf'NESS, 71. Fear of near approach or of familiarity ; re- 
serve ; coyness. 

SI-AL'O-GOGUE, (sl-al'o-gog) n. [Gr. ciaXov and ayiiiyos. 
A medicine that promotes the salivary discharge. Encyc 

t SIB, a. [Sax. sib.] Related by blood. Chaucer. 

SIB, a relation, in Saxon, but not in use in English. 

SI-Be'RI-AN, a. [Russ. siver, north.] Pertaining to Si- 
beria. 

SIB'ER-ITE, n. Red tourmalin. Ure. 

SIB'I-LANT, a. [L. sibilo.] Hissing ; making a hissing 
sound. S and z are called sibilant letcers. 

SIB'I-LANT, 71. A letter that is uttered with a hissing ot 
the voice, as s and z. 

SIB-I-La'TION, n. A hissing sound. Bacon. 

SIE'YL, n. [L. sibylla.] In pagan antiquity, the Sibyls 
were certain women said to be endowed with a prophetic 
spirit. 

SYB'IL-LlNE, a. Pcrtaioing to the Sibyls ; uttered, writ 
ten or composed by Sibyls. 

SIC'A-MORE, 71. More usually written sycamore, whichsee 

t SIC'CATE, V. t. To dry. 

t SIC^-Ca'TION, 71. The act or process of drying. 

SIC'CA-TlVE, a. [L. sicca.] Drying ; causing to dry. 

SI€'CA-TlVE, 71. That which promotes the process of dry 
ing. 

tSI€-CIF'I€, a. [L. siccus and^o.] Causing dryness. 

SIC'CI-TY, 71. [L. siccitas.] Dryness ; aridity ; destitution 
of moisture. Brown. 

SICE, (size) 71. [Fr. six.] The number six at dice. 

SICrl, for s76cA. [See Such.] Chaucer. 

SICK, a. [Sax. seoc ; D. ziek; Sw. sink ; Ice. syke.] 1. Af 
fected with nausea ; inclined to vomit. 2. Disgusted ; 
having a strong dislike to ; with of. 3. Affected with 
disease of any kind ; not in health. 4. Corrupted ; [obs.] 
Shak.— 5. The sick, the person or persons affected with 
disease. 

t SICK, V. t. To make sick. See Sicken. 

SICK-'-BiRTH, 71. In a ship of war, an apartment for the 

SICK'EN, (si'k'n) v. t. 1. To make sick ; to disease. 2. To 
make squeamish. 3. To disgust. 4. To impair ; [obs.''. 
Shak. 

SICK'EN, V. i. 1. To become sick ; to fall into disease. 2 
To be satiated ; to be filled to disgust. 3. To become dis- 
gusting or tedious. 4. To be disgusted ; to be filled with 
aversion or abhorrence. 5. To become weak ; to decay , 
to languish. 

t SICK'ER, a. [L. securus ; Dan. sikker ; G. sicher ; D. ze- 
ker.] Sure ; certain ; firm. Spenser. 

t SICK'ER, adv. Surely; certainly. Spenser. 

t SI€K'ER-LY, adv. Surely. 

t SICK'ER-NESS, n. Security. Spenser. 

SI€K'ISH, a. [from sick.] 1. Somewhat sick or diseased. 
Hakeirill. 2. Exciting disgust ; nauseating. 

SICK'ISH-NESS, 71. The quality of exciting disgust. 

SICKLE, (sik'l) n. [S^\.sicel,sicol ; G.sichel; D zikkel.'] 
A reaping-hook ; a hooked instrument with teeth ; used 
for cutting grain. 



See Synopsis. A K, I, 5, U, Y, long.—l^'AR, FALL, WHAT j—PREY ,--PlN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obwlete. 



SID 



755 



SIG 



SI€'KLED, a. Furnished with a sickle. Thomson. 

SI€'KLE-MAN, 1 n. One that uses a sickle ; a reaper. [J^ot 

SI€'KLER, \ used in JsTew England.] Sliak. 

SI€'KLE-W6RT, n. A plant of the genus coronilla. 

SI€K'LI-NESS, n. 1. The state of being sickly ; the state 
of being habitually diseased. 2. The state of producing 
sickness extensively. 3. The disposition to generate dis- 
ease extensively. 

SI€K'-LIST, n. A list containing the names of the sick. 

Si€K'T.Y, a 1. Not healthy ; somewhat affected with dis- 
ease ; or h^jitually indisposed. 2. Producing disease ex- 
tensively • marked with sickness. 3. Tending to pro- 
duce disease ; as, a sizkly climate. 4. Faint ; weak ; 
languid. 

fSieiv'LY, V. t. To make diseased. Shak. 

SICK'JNTESS, 71, [G. sucht.] I. Nausea j squearaishness. 

2. State of being diseased. 3. Disease; malady; amor- 
bid state of the body. 

SIDE, n. [Sax. sid, side, sida ; D. zijde ; G. seite ; Sw. sida ; 
Dan. side.] 1. The broad and long part or surface of a 
thing, as distinguished from the end, which is of less ex- 
tent, and may be a point. 2. Margin : edge ; verge ; bor- 
der ; the exterior line of any thing, considered in length. 

3. The part of an animal between the back and the face 
and belly. 4, The part between the top and bottom ; the 
slope, declivity or ascent, as of a hill or mountain. 5. 
One part of a thing, or its superficies. 6. Any part con- 
sidered in respect to its direction or point of compass. 7. 
Party; faction; sect; any man or body of men considered 
as in opposition to another. 8. Interest ; favor. 9. Any 
part being in opposition or contradistinction to another. 
10. Branch of a family ; separate line of descent. 11. 
Cluarter ; region; part. — To take sides, to embrace the 
opinions, or attach one's self to the interest of a party 
when in opposition to another. — To choose sides, to select 
parties for competition in exercises of any kind. 

SIDE, a. 1. Lateral ; as,' a side post. 2. Being on the side^ 
or toward the side ; oblique ; indirect. 3. Long ; large ; 
extensive ; [obs.] 

SIDE, «. i. 1. To lean on one side ; [l.u.] 2. To embrace 
the opinions of one party, or engage in its interest, when 
opposed to another party. 

t SIDE, V. t. 1. To stand at the side of. 2. To suit ; to 
pair. 

SiDE'BoARD, n. [side and board.] A piece of furniture or 
cabinet-work, consisting of a table or box with drawers 
or cejls, placed at the side of a room or in a recess, and 
_u»ed to hold dining utensils, &c. 

SiDE'-BOX, n. A box or inclosed seat on the side of a the- 
atre, distinct from the seats in the pit. 

SiDE'-FLY, n. An insect. Derham. 

SiDE'LING, adv. [D. zydelings.] 1. Sidewise ; with the 
side foremost. 2. Sloping. 

SiDE'LONG, a. {side and long.] Lateral ; oblique ; not di- 
jectly in front ; as, a sidelong glance. Drxjden. 

SiDE'LONG, adv. 1. Laterally; obliquely; in the direction 
_of the side. Milton. 2. On the side. 

SiD'ER, 7j, 1. One that takes a side or joins a party. 2. 
Cider; [obs.] 

SID'ER-AL, or SI-De'RE-AL, a. [L. sideralis.] 1. Per- 
taining to a star or stars; astral. 2. Containing stars; 
starry. — Sidereal year, in astronomy, the period in which 
the fixed stare apparently complete a revolution and come 
to the same pohit in the heavens. 

SID'ER-A-TED, a. [L. sideratus.] Blasted ; planet-struck. 

SID-ER-a'TION, n. [L. sideratio.] A blasting or blast in 
plants; a sudden deprivation of sense; an apoplexy; a 
slight erysipelas. [Little xised.] 

SID'ER-ITE, 71. [L.sideritis.] 1. The loadstone ; also, iron- 
wort, a genus of plants ; also, the common ground pine. — 
2. In mineralogy, a phosphate of iron. Fourcroy. 

SID-ER-0-€AL'CITE, n. Brown spar. Urc. 

SID-ER-0-€LEP'TE, n. A mineral. Saussure. 

SID-ER-0-GRAPH'I€, ) a. Pertaining to siderography, 

SID-ER-0-GRAPH'I-€AL, \ or performed by engraved 

SID-ER-OG'RA-PHIST, n. One who engraves steel plates, 

or performs work by means of such plates. 
SID-ER-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. ffiSyjpos and ypacpio.] The art 

or practice of engraving on steel. Perkins. 
SID'E-RO-S€OPE, n. [Gr. mSripos and (TKoneo).] An in- 
strument for detecting small quantities of iron in any 

substance. 
SiDE'-SAD-DLE, n. [side and saddle.] A saddle for a 

woman's seat on horseback. 
SiDE'-SAD-DLE FLOW-ER, ti. A species of sarraceTiia. 
SIDES'MAN, 71. [side and man.] 1. An assistant to the 

church- warden. 2. A party man. Milton. 
SiDE'TaK-ING, 71. A taking sides, or engaging in a 

party. Hall. 
SIDE'WaYS, ) adv. 1. Towards one side; inclining. 2. 
Side Wise, ) Laterally ; on one side. JVewtoTi. 
SiD'ING, ppr. Joining one side or party. 
SIDING, n. The attaching of one's self to a party. 



Si'DLE, V. i. I. To go or move side foremost. 2. Telle on 

the side. Swift. 

SIeGE, 71. [Fr. siege ; Norm, sa^cj It. seggia, seggio.] 1. 
The setting of an army around or before a fortified place 
for the purpose of compelling the garrison to surrender, 
or the surrounding or investing of a place by an army, 
and approaching it by passages and advanced works, 
which cover the besiegers from the enemy's fire. A siege 
differs from a blockade, as in a siege the investing array 
approaches the fortified place to attack and reduce it by 
force ; but in a blockade, the army secures all the aven.ies 
to the place to intercept all supplies, and waits till famine 
compels the garrison to surrender. 2. Any continued en- 
deavor to gain possession. 3. Seat ; throne ; [obs.] 4 
Rank ; place ; class ; [obs.] Shak. 5. Stool ; [obs.] 

t SIEGE, v.f. To besiege. Spenser. 

Si'EN-lTE, 71. A compound granular rock. Lunier. 

SlE'UR, (se'ur) 7i. [Fr.] A title of respect used by the 
French. 

SIEVE, (siv) n. [Sax.sife,sijfe ; G. sieb ; D zee/, zift.] An 
utensil for separating tlour from bran. 

SIFT, V. t. [Sax. siftan ; G. sieben ; D. ziften.] 1. To sepa- 
rate by a sieve, as the fine part of a substance from the 
coarse. 2. To separate ; to part. 3. To examine minutely 
or critically ; to scrutinize. 

SIPT'ED, pp. Separated by a sieve ; purified from the 
coarser parts ; critically examined. 

SIFT'ER, 71. One that sifts ; that which sifts ; a sieve. 

SIFT'ING, ppr. Separating the finer from the coarser part 
by a sieve ; critically examining. 

SIG, a Saxon word signifying victory, is used in names, as 
in Sigbert, bright victory. It answers to the Greek vt*-^ 
in J\'icander, and the Latin vie, in Victorinus. 

SiGH, (si) V. i. [Sax. sican ,• D. zugt, zugten ; Dan. siik^^r.] 
To inhale a larger quantity of air than usual, and imme- 
diately expel it ; to suffer a single deep respiration. 

SiGH, V. t. 1. To lament; to mourn. 2. To express by 
sighs. 

SiGH, n. A single deep respiration ; a long breath ; the in- 
haling of a larger quantity of air than usual, and the sud- 
den emission of it. 

SiGH'ER, 71. One that sighs. 

SiGH'ING, ppr. Suffering a deep respiration. 

SlGH'ING, 71. The act of suftering a deep respiration, or 
taking a long breath. 

Sight, 71. [Sax. gesiht ; D. gezigt ; G. sicht ; Dan. sigt ; 
Sw. sickt.] 1. The act of seeing ;°perception of objects^'by 
the eye ; view. 2. The faculty of vision, or of perceiving 
objects by the instrumentality of the eyes. 3. Open view ; 
the state of admitting unobstructed vision ; a being with- 
in the limits of visi^^n. 4. Notice from seeing ; knowl- 
edge. 5. Eye ; the instrument of seeing. 6. An aperture 
through which objects are to be seen ; or something to 
direct the vision. 7. That which is beheld ; a spectacle ; 
a show. — To take sight, to take aim ; to look for the pur- 
pose of directing a piece of artillery, &c. 

SlGHT'ED, a. In composition only, having sight, or seeing 
in a particular manner ; as, short-sighted. 

t SiGHT'FUL-NESS, 71. Clearness of sight. Sidney. 

SIGHT'LESS, a. 1. Wanting sight ; blind. Pope. 2. Of- 
fensive or unpleasing to the eye. Shak. 

SiGHT'LI-NESS, n. Comely appearance ; an appearance 
pleasing to the sight. 

SiGHT'LY, a. 1. Pleasing to the eye ; striking to the view 
2. Open to the view ; that may be seen from a distance. 

SiGHTS'MAN, 71. Among musicia7is, one who reads music 
readily at first sight. Busby. 

SIG'IL, 71. [L. sigillum.] A seal ; signature. Dryden. 

t SI-GIL'LA-TlVE, a. [Fr. sigillatif ; L.. sigillum .] Fit to 
seal ; belonging to a seal ; composed of wax. Cotgrave 

SIG-MOID'AL, a. [Gr. ciyixa and faSos.] Curved like the 
Greek s, sigma. Bigeloio. 

SIGN, (sine) 7i. [Fr. sig7ie ; It. segno ; Sp. sena ; L. sig 
num ; Sax. segen.] 1. A token ; something by which 
another thing is shown or represented. 2. A motion, ac- 
tion, nod or gesture indicating a wish or command. 3. A 
wonder; a miracle ; a prodigy; a remarkable transaction, 
event or phenomenon. 4. Some visible transaction, event 
or appearance intended as proof or evidence of something 
else; hence, proof; evidence by sight. 5. Something 
hung or set near a house or over a door, to give notice of 
the tenant's occupation, or what is made or sold within. 
6. A memorial or monument ; something to preserve the 
memory of a thing. 7. Visible mark or representation. 
8. A mark of distinction. 9. Typical representation — 
10. In astronomy, the twelfth part of the ecliptic. — 11. In 
algebra, a character indicating the relation of quantities, 
or an operation performed by them. 12. The subscription 
of one's name; signature. — 13. Among 2'%'S*cia«-s, an ap- 
pearance or symptom in the human body, which indicates 
its condition.— 14. In 7nusic, any character, as a flat, 
sharp, dot, &c. 

SiGN, (sine) v. t. 1. To mark with characters or one's 



♦ See Synopsis. PIOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE — € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tki£. f Obsolete 



SIL 



756 



SIL 



name. 2. To signify ; to represent typically j [ohs.] 3. 
To mark. 

f Sign, «. i. To be a sign or omen. Shak. 

SIG'NAL, n. [Fr. signal ; Sp. serial.] A sign that gives or 
is intended to give notice ; or the notice given. 

SIG'NAL, a. Eminent ; remarkable ; memorable ; distin- 
guished from what is ordinary. 

t SIG-NAL'I-TY, «. duality of being signal or remarkable. 

SIG'NAL-iZE, V. t. To make remarkable or eminent ; to 
render distinguished from what is common. 

SIG'NAL-lZED, pp. Made eminent. 

SIG'NAL-iZ-ING, ppr. Making remarkable. 

fcilG'NAL-LY, adv. Eminently ; remarkably 5 memorably ; 
in a distinguished manner. 

t SIG-Na'TION, 71. Sign given; act of betokening. 

SIG'NA-TO-RY, a. Relating to a seal ; used in sealing. 

SIG'NA-TURE, n. [Fr.] 1. A sign, stamp or mark im- 
pressed.— 2. In old medical writers, an external mark or 
character on a plant. 3. A mark for proof, or proof from 
marks. 4. Sign manual ; the name of a person written or 
subscribed by himself.— 5. Among printers, a letter or fig- 
ure at the bottom of the first page of a sheet or half sheet, 
by which the sheets are distinguished and their order 
designated, as a direction to the binder.— 6. In physiogno- 
my, an external mark or feature. 

t SIG'NA-TURE, v. t. To mark ; to distinguish. 

SIG'NA-TU-RIST, n. One who holds to the doctrine of sig- 
natures impressed upon objects. [Little used.'] 

SlGN'ER, (si'ner) n. One that signs or subscribes his name. 

SIG'NET, 71. A seal ; m Qreat Britain, the seal used by 
the king in sealing his private letters and grants. 

SIG-N1F'I-€ANCE, ) n. [L.' significans.] 1. Meaning; 

SIG-NIF'I-€AN-CY, f, import ; that which is intended 
to be expressed. 2. Force ; energy ; power of impress- 
ing the mind. 3. Importance ; moment ; weight ; conse- 
quence. 

SIG-NIF'I-eANT, a. [L. significans.] 1. Expressive of 
something beyond the external mark. 2. Bearing a mean- 
ing ; expressing or containing signification or sense. 3. 
Betokening something ; standing as a sign of something. 
4. Expressive or representative of some fact or event. 5. 
Important ; momentous ; [obs.] 

SIG-NIF'I-€ANT-LY, adv. 1. With meaning. 2. With 
force of expression. South. 

PIG-NI-FI-€a'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. significatio.] 1. The 
act of making known, or of communicating ideas to an- 
other by signs or by words, by any thing that is under- 
stood, particularly by words. 2. Meaning; that which 
is understood to be intended by a sign, character, mark 
or word. 

SIG-NIF'I-CA-TlVE, a. [Fr. significatif.] 1, Betoken- 
ing or representing by an external sign. 2. Having sig- 
nification or meaning ; expressive of a certain idea or 
thing. 

SIG-NIF'I-€A-TiVE-LY, adv. So as to represent or ex- 
press by an external sign. Usher. 

SIG-NI-FI-€a'TOR, n. That which signifies. Burton. 

SIG-NIF'I-€A-TO-RY, 71. That which betokens or signi- 
fies. 

SIG'NI-F^, 7;. t. [Fr. signifier ; Ii. significo.] 1. To make 
known something, either by signs or words. 2. To 
mean ; to have or contain a certain sense. 3. To import ; 
to weigh; to have consequence. 4. To make known; 
to declare. 

SIG'NI-FY, v. i. To express meaning with force. [Little 
used.'] Swift. 

SiGN'IOR, (seen'yur) n. A title of respect among the Ital- 
ians. SeeSEiGNOR. 

SiGN'IOR-iZE, (seen'yiir-ize) v. i. To exercise dominion ; 
or to have dominion. [Little iised.] 

S'lGN'IOS-Y, (seen'yur y) 71. A different, but less common 
spelling of sei^nioT-j/, which see. 

SiGN'-PoST, n. [sign and post.] A post on which a sign 
hangs, or on which papers are placed to give public notice 
of any thing. 

t iiKE I '^- ^^^^- ^P^^^^' 

SIKE, 71. [Sax. sic, sicb.] A small stream or rill ; one which 
is usually dry in summer. 

fSIK'ER. a. or adv. Sure; surely. See Sicker. 

j SIK'ER-NESS, n. Sureness; safety. Chaucer. 

SILE, V. t. [Su. Goth, sila.] To strain, as fresh milk from the 
cow. 

Si'IjENGE, 71. [Fr.; L. silentium ; It. silenzio ; Sp. silencio.] 
1. In a general sense, stillness, or entire absence of sound 
or noise?— 2. In animals, the state of holding the peace ; 
forbearance of speech in man, or of noise in other animals. 
3. Habitual tacitui-nity. 4. Secrecy. 5. Stillness ; calm- 
ness ; quiet ; cessation of rage, agitation or tumult. 6. 
Absence of mention ; oblivion. — 7. Silence is used el- 
liptically for let there be silence, an injunction to keep si- 

Sl'LENCE, V. t. 1. To oblige to hold the peace ; to restrain 
Irom noise or speaking. 2. To still ; to quiet ; to re- 



strain ; to appease. 3. To stop. 4. To still ; to cause to 
cease firing. 5. To restrain from preaching by revoking 
a license to preach. U. States. 6. To put an end to; to 
cause to cease. 

Si'LENT, a. 1. Not speakiiig ; mute. 2. Habitually taci- 
turn ; speaking little ; not inclined to much talking ; not 
loquacious. 3. Still ; having no noise. 4. Not opera 
live ; wanting efficacy. 5. Not mentioning ; not pro- 
claiming. 6. Calm. 7. Net acting; not transacting 
business in person. 8. Not pronounced ; having no 
sound. 

SI-LEN'TIA-RY, n. One appointed to keep silence and or- 
der in court ; one sworn not to divulge secrets of state. 

Si'LENT-LY, adv. 1. Without speech or words. 2. With- 
out noise. 3. Without mention. 

Si'LENT-NESS, n. State of being silent ; stillness. 

SI-Le'SIA, (si-le'zha) n. A country belonging to Prussia ; 
hence, a species of linen cloth so called ; thin, coarse 
linen. 

SI-Le'SIAN, (si-le'zhan) a. Pertaining to Silesia. 

Si'LEX, ) n. One of the supposed primitive earths, usu- 

SIL'I-€A, ) ally found in the state of stone. 

SIL'iCE, SIL'I-€ULE, or SIL'I-CLE, n. [L. silicula.] In 
botany, a little pod or bivalvular pericarp, with seeds at- 
tached to both sutures. 

SI-LIC-I-eAL-€A'RI-OUS, a. [silex and calcarious.] Con- 
sisting of silex and calcarious matter. 

SI-LIC-I-€AL'CE, 71. [L. silex or silica and calx.] A miR- 
eral of the silicious kind. Cleaveland. 

SIL-I-CIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. silex and fero.] Producing si- 
lex ; or united with a portion of silex. 

SIL'I-CI-FY, 7?. t. [L. silex and f ado.] To convert into si • 
lex. Say. 

SIL'I-CI-F-?, v. i. To become silex. 

SIL-IC-I-Mu'RITE, n. [silex and muria.] An earth com- 
posed of silex and magnesia. 

SI-Li"CIOUS, a. Pertaining to silex, or partaking of its na 
ture and qualities. 

SI-LIC'I-TED, a. Impregnated with silex. Kirwan. 

SI-LIC'I-UM, n. The undecomposed and perhaps unde- 
composable base of silex or silica. 

SI-LI€'U-LOUS, a. Having silicles or little pods. 

SI-Ll6'I-NOSE, a. [L. siliginosus.] Made of fine wheai. 

t SIL'ING-DISH, 71. [Dan. siler.] A colander. 

SIL'I-QUA, 71. [L.] With gold-finers, a carat, six of which 
make a scruple. Johnson. 

SIL'1-Q.UA, ) n. [L. siliqua.] A pod ; an oblong, membra- 

SIL'IQ,UE, \ naceous, bivalvular pericarp. 

SIL'I-Q,UOSE, ) a. [L. slliquosus.] Having that species of 

SIL'1-Q.UOUS, \ pericarp called silique. Martyn. 

SILK, 71. [Sax. seoZc; Bw . silke ; Ban silke.] 1. The fine, 
soft thread produced by the insect called silk-worm, or 
bombyx. 2. Cloth made of silk. 3. The filiform style of 
the female flower of maize, which resembles real silk in 
fineness and softness. — Virginia silk, a plant of the genus 
pcriploca. 

SILK, a. Pertaining to silk ; consisting of silk. 

SILK-eOT'TON-TREE, 71.. A tree of the genus bombax 

SILK'EN, (silk'n) a. [Sax. seolcen.] 1. Made of silk. 2. 
Like silk; soft to the touch. 3. Soft; delicate ; tender ; 
smooth. 4. Dressed in silk. 

SILK'EN, (silk'n) v. t. To render soft or smooth. 

SILK'I-NESS, 71. 1. The qualities of silk ; softness and 
smoothness to the feel. 2. Softness; effeminacy; pusil 
lanimity ; [little used.] 

SILK'MAN, n. [silk and man.] A dealer in silks. Shak. 

SILK'-MER-CER, n. A dealer in silks. 

SILK'WeAV-EE, n. [silk and. weaver.] One whose occu 
pation is to weave silk stuffs. Watts. 

SILK'-WoRM, 71. The worm which produces silk. 

SILK'Y, a. I. Made of silk ; consisting of silk. 2. LiKe 
silk ; soft and smooth to the touch. 3. Pliant ; yielding 

SILL, n. [Sax. syl, syle, syll ; Fr. seuil.] 1. The basis or 
foundation of a thing ; a piece of timber on which a build- 
ing rests. 2. The timber or stone at the foot of a door ; 
the threshdd. 3. The timber or stone on which a win- 
dow-frame stands ; or the lowest piece in a window- 
frame. 4. The shaft or thill of a carriage ; [local.] 
Ghrose. 

SIL'LA-BUB, n. A liquor made by mixing wine or cider 
with mUk, and thus forming a soft curd. King. 

SIL'LI-LY, adv. In a silly manner ; foolishly ; without the 
exercise of good sense or judgment. 

SIL'LI-MAN-ITE, 71. A mineral found at Saybrook in Con- 
necticut, so named in honor of Prof. Silliman. 

SIL'LI-NESS, n. Weakness of understanding ; want of 
sound sense or judgment ; simplicity ; harmless folly. 

SIL'LY, a. 1. Weak in intellect; foolish; witless; desti- 
tute of ordinary strength of mind ; simple 2. Proceed • 
ing from want of understanding or common judgment , 
characterized by weakness or folly ; unwise 3. Weak ; 
helpless ; [obs.] 

t SIL'LY-HOW, n. The membrane that covers the head 
of the fetus. Brown 



■See Syn-rpsis. A.. E, I, O, U, Y, long.—FkR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRfY ;— PIN, MAR,1NE, BtRD;— ^Obsolete. 



SIM 



757 



sm 



SILT, m. Saltness, or salt-marsh or mad. 

SI-Lu'RUS, I n. The sheat-fish ; also, a name of the stur- 

SI-LtJRE', \ geon. Diet. JTat. Hist. 

SIL'VAN, a. [L. silva. It is also written sj/^?ja7i.] 1. Per- 
taining to a wood or grove ; inhabiting woods. 2. Woody ; 
abounding with woods. 

SIL'VAN, n. Another name of tellurium. Werner. 

StL'VER, n. [Sax. seolfer, siluer ; Goth, silubr ; G. silber ; 
D. zilver ; Sw. silfoer.] 1. A metal of a white color and 
lively brilliancy. 2. Money ; coin made of silver. 3. 
Any thing of soft splendor. Pope. 

SIL'VER, a. 1. Made of silver. 2. White like silver. 
3. White, or pale ; of a pale lustre. 4. Soft ; as, a silver 
voice. 

SIL'VER, V. t. 1 To cover superficially with a coat of sil- 
ver. 2. To foliate ; to cover with tinfoil amalgamated 
with quicksilver. 3. To adorn with mild lustre ; to make 
smooth and bright. 4. To make hoary. 

SIL'VER-BeAT-ER, 71. {silver and beater.] One that foli- 
ates silver, or forms it into a leaf. 

SIL' VER-BUSH, n. A plant, a species of anthyllis. 

SIL'VEREDJ pp. Covered with a thin coat of silver ; ren- 
dered smooth and lustrous ; made white or hoary. 

SIL'VER-FiR, 71. A species of fir. Berkeley. 

SIL'VER-FISH, n. A fish of the size of a small carp. 

SIL'VER-ING, ppr. Covering the surface with a thin coat 
of silver ; foliating ; rendering mildly lustrous. 

SIL'VER-ING, n. The art, operation or practice of covering 
the surface of any thing with silver. 

SIL'VER-LING, 7i. A silver coin. Is. vii. 

SIL'VER-LY, ady. With the appearance of silver. Shak. 

SIL'VER-SMITH, n. [silver and smith.] One whose occu- 
pation is CO work in silver. 

SIL'VER-THIS-TLE, n. [silver and thistle.] A plant. 

SIL'VER-TREE, n. A plant of the geims protea. 

SIL'VER- WEED, n. A plant of the genus potentilla. 

SIL'VER-Y. a. 1. Like silver ; having the appearance of 
silver ; wnite ; of a mild lustre. 2. Besprinkled or cover- 
ed with silver. 

{•SIM'A-GRE, 71. [Fr. simagree.] Grimace. Dryden. 

t SI-MAR', > 71. [Fr. simarre.] A woman's robe. Dry- 

t SI-MaRE', \ den. 

SIM'I-LAR, a. [Fr. similaire ; It. simile ; Sp. similar ; L. 
similis.] Like 3 resembling j having a like form or appear- 
ance. 

SIM-I-LAR'I-TY, n. Likeness ; resemblance. 

SIM'I-LAR-LY, adv. In like manner ; with resemblance. 

t SIM'I-LAR-Y. The same as similar. 

SIM'I-LE, n. [L.] In rhetoric, similitude ; a comparison of 
two things which, however difierent in other respects, 
have some strong point or points of resemblance. 

SI-MIL'I-TUDE, 71. [Fr.; L. similitudo.] 1. Likeness ; re- 
semblance ; likeness in nature, qualities or appearance. 
2. Comparison ; simile. Dryden. 

SI-MIL-I-Tu'DI-NA-RY, a. Denoting resemblance. 

SIM'I-LOR, 71. A name given to an alloy of red copper and 
zink, made to imitate silver and gold. 

SIM'I-TAR. See Ci meter. 

SIM'MER, v. i. To boil gently, or with a gentle hissing. 

SIM'MER-ING, ppr. Boiling gently. 

SIM'NEL,72. [Dan. simle ; Sw. simla; G. semmel.] A kind 
of sweet cake ; a bun. 

SI-Mo'NI-A€, 71. [Fr. simoniaque.] One who buys or sells 
preferment in the church. Ayliffe. 

SlM-0-Nl'A-€AL, a. 1. Guilty of simony. 2. Consisting 
in simony, or the crime of buying or selling ecclesiasticaj 
preferment. 

SIM-0-Nl'A-€AL-LY, adv. With the guilt or offense of 
simony. 

SI-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Partaking of simony ; given to simony. 

SIM'O-NY, 71. [itom Simon Magus.] The crime of buying 
or selling ecclesiastical preferment. 

SI-MOOM', n. A hot, suffocating wind, that blows occa- 
sionally in Africa and Arabia. 

ST'MOUS, a. [L. simo.] 1. Having a very flat or snub 
nose, with the end turned up. 2. Concave. Brown. 

SIM'PER, ?;. i. To smile in a silly manner. Shak. 

SIM'PER, 7!. A smile with an air of silliness. Addison. 

SIM'PER-ING, ppr. Smiling foolishly. 

SIM'PER-ING, 71. The act of smiling with an air of silli- 
ness. 

SIM'PER-ING-LY, adv. With a silly smile. 

SIM'PLE, a. [Fr. ; L. simplex.] 1. Single ; consisting of 
one thing ; uncompounded ; unmingled ; uncombined 
with any thing else. 2. Plain ; artless ; not given to de- 
sign, stratagem or duplicity ; undesigning ; sincere ; harm- 
le-3s. 3. Artless ; unaffected ; unconstrained ; inartifi- 
cial ; plain. 4. Unadorned ; plain. 5. Not complex or 
complicated. 6. Weak in intellect ; not wise or saga- 
cious ; silly. — 7. In botany, undivided, as a root, stem or 
spike ; only one on a petiole. — A simple body, in chemis- 
try, is one that has not been decomposed, or separated 
into two or more bodies. 

SIMPLE 71 Something not mixed or compounded. 



SIM'PLE, «. J. To gather simples or plants. OaHh. 

SIM'PLE-MlND-ED, a. Artless ; undesigning. 

SIM'PLE-NESS, n. 1. The state or quality of being simple, 
single or uncompounded. 2. Artlessness ; simplicity. 3. 
Weakness of intellect. 

SIM'PLER, 71. One that collects simples 5 an herbalist : a 
simplist. 

f SIM'PLESS, for simplicity, or silliness. Spenser. 

SIM'PLE-TON, 71. A silly person ; a person of weak Intel 
lect; atrifler; a foolish person. Pope. 

t SIM-PLl"CIAN, 71. An artless or undesigning person. 

SIM-PLIC'I-TY, 71. [L. simplicitas ; Fr. simplicite.] 1 
Singleness ; the state of being unmixed or uncompound- 
ed. 2. The state of being not complex, or of consisting 
of few parts. 3. Artlessness of mind ; freedom from a 
propensity to cunning or stratagem ; freedom from du- 
plicity ; sincerity. 4. Plainness ; freedom from artificial 
ornament. 5. Plainness ; freedom from subtilty or ab- 
struseness. 6. Weakness of intellect ; silliness. Hooker. 

SIM-PLIF-I-€a'TION, n. The act of making simple ; the 
act of reducing to simplicity, or to a state not complex. 

SIM'PLI-FlED, pp. Made simple or not complex. 

SIM'PLI-FY, v. t. [L. simplex and facio ; Fr. simplifier.] 
To make simple ; to reduce what is complex to greater 
simplicity ; to make plain or easy. Barrow. 

SIM'PLI-Fy-ING, ppr. Making simple. 

SIM'PLIST, 71. One skilled in simples or medical plants. 

SIM'PxjOCE. See Symploce. 

SIM'PLY, adv. 1. Without art ; without subtilty ; artlessly , 
plainly. 2. Of itself ; without addition ; alone. 3. Mere 
ly ; solely. 4. Weakly ; foolishly. 

SIM'U-LA-CHRE, n. [L. simulacrum.] An image. 

jSIM'U-LAR, 71. [See Simulate.] One who simulates or 
counterfeits something. Shak. 

SIM'U-LATE, V. t. [L. simulo.] To feign ; to counterfeit ; 
to assume the mere appearance of something, without the 
reality. 

SIM'U-LATE, a. [L. simulatus.] Feigned ; pretended. 

SIM'U-LA-TED, pp. or a. Feigned ; pretended ; assumed 
artificially. Chesterfield. 

SIM'U-LA-TING, ppr. Feign-in g ; pretending; assummg 
the appearance of what is not real. 

SIM-U-La'TION, 71. [Fx.;l,. simulatio.] The act of feign- 
ing to be that which is not ; the assumption of a deceitful 
appearance or character. 

SI-MUL-Ta'NE-OUS, a. [Fr. simultanee ; Sp. simnltaneo.] 
Existing or happening at the same time. 

SI-MUL-TA'NE-OUS-LY, adv. At the same time. 

SI-MUL-Ta'NE-OUS-NESS, 71. The state or quality of be- 
ing or happening at the same time. 

t SIM'UL-1 Y, 71. [L. simultas.] Private grudge or quar- 
rel. 

SIN, n. [Sax. sin, or syn ; G. sunde ,• D. zonde ; Sw., Dan. 
synd.] 1. The voluntary departure of a moral agent from 
a known rule of rectitude or duty, prescribed by God ; 
any voluntary transgression of the divine law or viola- 
tion of a divine command ; a wicked act ; iniquity. 2. A 
sin-offering ; an offering made to atone for sin. 2 Cor. v. 
3. A man enormously wicked ; [obs.] Shak. 

SIN, V. i. [Sax. singian, syngian.] 1. To depart volun- 
tarily from the path of duty prescribed by God toman; 
to violate any known rule of duty. 2. To offend against 
right, against men or society ; to trespass. 

SIN, for ^?ice, [Scot, syne.] Obsolete, or vulgar. 

SIN'A-PISM, 7?. VL. sinapis, sinape.] In pharmacy, B-CSXa.- 
plasm composed of mustard-seed pulverized, with some 
other ingredients. 

SINCE, prep, or adv. [Sw. sedan ; Dan. siden ; D. sint ; 
supposed to be contracted from Sax. siththan. Our early 
writers used sith, sithen, sithence.] I. After; from the 
time that. 2. Ago ; past ; before this. 3. Because that ; 
this being the fact that. — Since, when it precedes a noun, 
is called a preposition, but when it precedes a sentence, it 
is called an adverb. 

SIN-CeRE', a. [Fr.; L. smcerws.] 1. Pure; unmixed. 2. 
Unhurt ; uninjured ; [obs.] 3. Being in reality what it 
appears to be ; not feigned ; not simulated ; not assum 
ed or said for the sake of appearance ; real ; not hypocrit- 
ical. 

SIN-CeRE'LY, adv. Honestly ; with real purity of heart , 
without simulation or disguise ; unfeignedly. 

SIN-CeRE'NESS, 71. Sincerity. 

SIN-CER'I-TY, n. [Fr. sincerite; 1,. sine er Has.] 1. Hon 
esty of mind or intention ; freedom from simulation or 
hypocrisy. 2. Freedom from hypocrisy, disguise or false 
pretense. 

SIN'CI-PUT, n. [L.] The fore part of the head from the 
forehead to the coronal suture Encyc. 

t SIN'DON, n. [L. fine linen.] A wrapper. Bacon. 

SINE, 71. [L. sinus.] In geometry, the right sine of an arch 
or arc, is a line drawn from one end of that arch, perpen- 
dicular to the radius drawn through the other end, and is 
always equal to half the chord of double the arch. 

Sl'NE-€URE, 71. [L. sine and cura.] An office which baa 



* See Synopsis' MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; $ as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tto + Obsolete 



SIN 



758 



STP 



revenue without employment j in chtirck affairs, a bene- 
fice without cure of souls. 

Si'NE Dl'E, [L. without day.] An adjournment sine die is 
an adjournment without fixing the time of resuming busi- 
ness. 

SIN'E-PITE, n. [L. sinape, mustard.] Something resem- 
bling mustard-seed. De Costa. 

SIN'EW, n. [Sax. siiiu, sinw, siiiwe ; G sehne.] 1. in anat- 
omy, a tendon ; that which unites a muscle to a bone. — 
2. In the plural, strength ; or rather that which supplies 
strength. 3. Muscle ; nerve. 

SIN'EW, V. t. To knit as by sinews. Shak. 

SIN'EWED, a. 1. Furnished with smews. 2. Strong ; 
firm ; vigorous. Shak. 

Sm EW-LESS, a. Having no strength or vigor. 

SIN'EW-SHRUNK, a. Gaunt-bellied ; having the sinews 
under the bellv shrunk by excess of fatigue. 

SIN'EW-Y, a. 'l. Consisting of a sinew or nerve. 2. 
Nervous ; strong : well braced with sinews ; vigorous ; 
firm. 

SIN'FUL, a. [from sin.} 1. Tainted with sin ; wicked ; 
iniquitous ; criminal ; unholy. 1 Containing sin, or con- 
sisting in sin ; contrary to the laws of God. 

SIN'FULr-LY adv. In a manner which the laws of God do 
not permit; wickedlv ; iniquitously : criminally. 

SIN'FUL-NESS, n. l. The quality of being sinful or con- 
trary' to the divine will 5 wickedness ; iniquity ; crimi- 
nality. 2. Wickedness; corruption; depravity. 

SING, V. i.: pret. sung, sang ; pp. sung. [Sax. singan, syn- 
gan ; G. singen; D. zingeit ; Sw. siunga ; Dan. synger.'] 

1. To utter sounds with various inflections or melodious 
, modulations of voice, as fancy may dictate, or according 

to the notes of a song or tune'. 2. To utter sweet or me- 
lodious sounds, as birds. 3. To make a small, shrill 
sound. 4. To tell or relate something in numbers or 
verse. 
SING, v.t. 1. To utter with musical modulations of voice. 

2. To celebrate in song ; to give praises to in verse, 3. 
To relate or rehearse in numbers, verse or poetry. 

SIN(jE, (sinj) V. i. [Sax. smngan ; G. sengcn ; D. zen- 
gen.] To bum slightly or superficially ; to burn the 
surface of a thing, as the nap of cloth, or the hair of the 
skin. 

SINGE, 71. A burning of the surface ; a slight burn. 

SINGED, pp. Burnt superficially. 

SINGE'ING, ppr. Burning the surface. 

BTNG'EE.,??. [fromsm^.] I. One that sings. 2. One vers- 
ed in music, or one whose occupation is to sing. 3. A 
bird that sings. 

SING'ING, ppr. Uttering melodious or musical notes ; 
making a shrill sound ; celebrating in song ; reciting in 
verse. 

SING'ING, n. The act of uttering sounds with musical in- 
flections ; musical articulation; the utterance of melodi- 
ous notes. 

SING'ING-BOOK, 71. A music-book, as it ought to be call- 
ed ; a oook containing tunes. 

SING'ING-LY, adv. With sounds like singing. 

SING'ING-MAN, ?z. [singing- and man.] A man who sings, 
or is employed to sing ; as in cathedrals. 

SING'ING-MaS-TER, n. A music-master ; one that teaches 
vocal music. Addison. 

SING'ING-WOM-AN, n. A woman employed to sing. 

SIN'GLE, a. [L. singulus.] 1. Separate : one ; only ; in- 
dividual ; consistingof orfe. only. 2. Particular; individ- 
ual. 3. Uncoihpounded, 4. Alone ; having no compan- 
ion or assistant. 5. Unmarried. 6. Not double ; not 
complicated. 7. Performed with one person or antago- 
nist on a side, or with one person only opposed to another. 
8. Pure ; simple ; incorrupt ; unbiased ; having clear 
vision of divine truth. J\Iatt. vi. 9. Small ; weak ; 
silly ; [obs.] — 10. Inbotany, a single flower is when there 
is only one on a stem, and, in common 7tsage, one not 
double. 

SIN'GLE, v.t. ]. To select, as an individual person or 
thing from among a number ; to choose one from others. 
2. To sequester ; lo withdraw ; to retire ; [obs.] 3. To 
take alone ; [obs.] 4. To separate. 

SIN'GLED, pp. Selected from among a number. 

SIN'GLE-NESS, 71. 1. The state of being one only or sepa- 
rate from all others ; the opposite of doubleness, complica- 
tion or muLiplicity. 2. Simplicity ; sincerity ; purity of 
mind or purpose ; freedom from duplicity. 

SIN'GLE-STICK, n. A cudgel. TV. of Eng. and Scotland. 

SIN'GLIN n A single gleaning ; a handful of gleaned 
corn. 

SIN'GLY, adn 1. Individually ; particularly. 2. Only by 
himself.' 3. WiL'iout partners or companions. 4. Honest- 
ly ; sincerely. 

SING'SONG, n. A contemptuous expression for bad sing- 
ing. 

SIN'GU-LAR, a. [Fr. singulier ; L. sivgularis.] 1. Single ; 
not complex or compound. — ^2. In grammar, expressing 
one person or thing ; as ihesingtdar number. 3. Particu- 



lar; existing by itself; unexampled. 4. Remarkable | 
eminent ; unusual ; rare. 5. Not common ; odd ; imply- 
ing something censurable or not approved. 6. Being 
alone ; that of which there is but one. 

SIN'GU-LAR, 7i. A particular instance. [Units-ual.] 

t SIN'Gb'-LAR-IST, n. One who affects singularity. 

SIN-GU-LAR'I-TY, n. [Fr. singularite.J I. Peculiarity ; 
some character or quality of a thing bj which it is dis- 
tinguished from all, or from most others. 2. An uncom- 
mon character or form ; somethmg curious or remarkable 
3. Particular privilege, prerogative or distinction. 4 
Character or trait of character different from that of 0th 
ers ; peculiarity. 5. Oddity. 6. Celibacy ; [obs.] J. Tay 
lor. 

fSIN'GU-LAR-TZE, v. t. To make single. 

SIN'GU-LAR-LY, adv. 1 . Peculiarly ; in a manner or de- 
gree not common to otliers. 2. Oddly ; strangely. 3 
So as to express one or the singular number. 

fSIN'GULT. n. [L. singultus.] A sigh. 

SIN'I-€AL. a. [from sine.] Pertaining to a sine. 

SIN'IS-TER, a. [L.] 1. Left ; on the left hand, or the side 
of the left hand. 2. Evil; bad; corrupt; perverse; dis- 
honest. 3. Unlucky ; inauspicious. 

t SIN'IS-TER-HAND-ED, a. Left-handed. 

SIN'IS-TER-LY, adv. Absurdly ; perversely ; unfairly. 

SIN-IS-TRORSAL,a. [sinister, and Gr.opcw.] Rising from 
left to right, as a spiral line or helix. Henry. 

SIN'IS-TROUS, a. 1. Being on the left side ; inclined to 
the left. Brown. 2. Wrong; absurd; perverse. 

SIN'IS-TROUS-LY, adv. 1. Perversely ; wrongly. 2. With 
a tendency to use the left as the stronger hand. 

SINK, V. i.; pret. sunk ; pp. sunk. The old pret. sank is near- 
ly obsolete. [Sax. sencan, sincan; Goth, sigcwan j G. 
sinken ; D. zinken.] 1. To fall by the force of greater grav- 
ity, in a medium or substance of less specific gravity ; to 
subside. 2. To fall gradually. 3. To enter or penetrate 
into any body. 4. To fall ; to become lower ; to subside 
or settle to a level. 5. To be overwhelmed or depressed. 
6. To enter deeply ; to be impressed. 7. To become 
deep ; to retire or fall within the surface of any thing 
8. To fall ; to decline ; to decay ; to decrease. 9. To fall 
into rest or indolence. 10. To be lower ; to fall. 

SINK, V. t. 1. To put under water; to immerse in a fluid. 
2. To make by digging or delving. 3. To depress ; to de- 
grade. 4. To plunge into destruction. 5. To cause to 
fall or to be plunged. 6. To bring low ; to reduce in 
quantity. 7. To depress ; to overbear ; to crush. 8. To 
diminish ; to lower or lessen ; to degrade. 9. To cause to 
decline or fa:!. 10. To suppress ; to conceal ; to inter- 
vert ; [unusual.] 11, To depress; to lower in value or 
amount. 12. To reduce ; to pay ; to diminish or annihilate 
by payment. 13. To waste ; to dissipate. 

SINK, 7(. [Sax. sine] I. A drain to carry off filthy water, 
a jakes. 2. A kind of basin of stone or wood to receive 
filthy water. 

SINK'ING, ppr. or a. Falling ; subsiding ; depressing ; declin- 
ing. — Sinking fund, in finance, a fund created for sinking 
or paying a public debt. 

SINLESS, a. [from sin.] I. Free from sin ; pure ; perfect. 
2. Free from sin ; innocent. 

SIN'LESS-NESS, 77. Freedom from sin and guilt. Boyle. 

SIN'NER, 71. 1. One that has voluntarily violated the divine 
law ; a moral agent who has voluntarily disobeyed any 
divine precept, or neglected any known duty. 2. It is 
used in contradistinction to saint, to denote an unregen- 
erate person. 3. An offender ; a criminal. 

SIN'NER, V. i. To act as a sinner ; in ludicroiis lanrruacre. 

SIN'-OF-FER-ING, n. A sacrifice for sin ; something of 
fered as an expiation for sin. Ex. xxix. 

SIN'0-PER, )n. [L. sinopis ; Gr. civ mi: ig.] Red ferrugin 

SIN'O-PLE, ) ous quartz. 

SIN'TER, n. In mjneralogy, calcarious sinter is a variety 
of carbonate of lime. 

SIN'U-ATE, v. t. [L. sinuo.] To wind ; to turn ; to bend 
in and out. Woodward. 

SIN'U-ATE, a. In botany, a sinuate leaf is one that has 
large curved breaks in the margin, resembling bays. 

SIN-U-A'TION, 7!. A winding or bending in and out. 

SIN-U-OS'I-TY, V. [L. sinuosus.] The quality of bending 
or curving in and out ; or a series of bends and turns in 
arches or other irregular figures. 

SIN'U-OUS, a. [Fr. sinueux, from L. sinus.] Winding : 
_crooked ; bending in and out. Milton. 

Si'NUS, n. [L.] 1. A bay of the sea ; a recesi* in the shore 
or an opening into the land. — 9. In anatomy, a cavity in a 
bone or other part, wider at the bottom than at the en- 
trance. — 3. In surgery, a little cavity or sack in which 
pus is collected ; an abscess with only a small orifice. 4. 
An opening ; a hollow. 

SIP, V. t. [Sax. sipan ; D. sippen.] 1. To take a fluid into 
the mouth in small quantities by the lips. 2. To drink or 
imbibe in small quantities. 3. To draw into the mouth , 
to extract. 4. To drink out of. 



Sei SyncTsis A E t, O t!,V, long.-^FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— t Obsolete 



SIT 

SIP, V. L To drink a small quantity j to take a fluid with 
the lips. Dryden. 

SIP, n. The taking of a liquor with the lips ; or a small 
draught taken with the lips. Milton. 

SIPE, V. i. To ooze ; to issue slowly. [Local.] Orose. 

SIPH'I-LIS, n. [Gr. (XKpXos.] The venereal disease. 

SIPH-I-LIT'ie, a. Pertaining to the venereal disease, or 
partaking of its nature. 

SI'PHON, 71. {L. sipho ; It. sifone ; Fr. sipJion.] 1. A bent 
pipe or tube whose legs are of unequal length, used for 
drawing liquor out of a vessel by causing it to rise over 
the rim or top. 2. The pipe by which the chambers of a 
sliell communicate. 

SI-PHUN'eU-LA-TED, a. [L..sip}imiculus.] Having a little 
siphon or spout, as a valve. Satj. 

(SITING, 71. The act of oozing. Granger. 

SIPPED, 7j;7. Drawn in with the lips. 

SIPTER, n. One that sips. 

t SIP PET, 71. A small sop. JUiltoii. 

SI aUIS. [L. if any one.] These words give name to a no- 
tification by a candidate for orders of his intention to in- 
quire whether any impediment may be alledged against 
him. 

SiR, 71. [Fr. sire, and sieur, in monsieur ; Norm, sire, lord ; 
Corn, sira.] 1. A word of respect used in addresses to 
men, as madam is in addresses to women, 2. The title 
of a knight or baronet. 3. It is used by Shakspeare for 
man; [obs.] 4. In some .i in ericayi colleges, the title of a. 
master of arts. 5. It is prefixed to loin, in sirloin j as, a 
sirloin of beef. 6. Formerly, the title of a priest. 

SIRE, 71. ]. A father; used in poetry. 2. The male parent 
of a beast ; particularly used of horses. 3. It is used in 
composition. 

SIRE, V. t. To beget ; to procreate ; used of beasts. ShaJc. 

SlB.ED,pp. Begotten. 

'SIPc'EN, or Si'REN, n. [L. ; Fr. sirene ; It. sirena.] 1. A 
mermaid. — In ancient mythology, a goddess who enticed 
men into her power by the charms of music, and devom-ed 
them. Hence, in modern use, an enticing woman. 2. A 
species of lizard in Carolina. 

*SiR'EN, or SI'REN, a. Pertaining to a siren, or to the 
dangerous enticements of music ; bewitching ; faschiat- 
ing. 

SIR'EN-iZE, V. i. To practice the allurements of a siren. 

SI-RI'A-SIS, 71. [Gr. aioiaaii.] An inflammation of the 
bram, proceeding from the excessive heat of the sun ; 
phrensy almost peculiar to children. 

SIR'I-US, 71. [L.] The large and bright star called the dog- 
star, in the mouth of the constellation canis major. 

SiR'LOIN, n. A particular piece of beef so called. See 
Sir. 

SiR'NAME is more correctly written surname. 

Si'RO, 71. A mite. Encyc. 

SI-RO€'CO, n. [It. ; Sp. siroco, or xaloque.] A pernicious 
wind that blows from the south-east in Italy, called the 
Syrian wind. 

SIR'OP. The same as sirup. 

*SIR'RAH, 71. A word of reproach and contempt ; used in 
addressing vile characters. SliaJc. 

SiRT, n. [L. syrtis.] A quicksand. 

*SiR'UP, (sur'up) n. [Oriental.] Thesweet juice of vegeta- 
bles or fruits, or other juice sv/eetened ; or sugar boiled 
with vegetable infusions. 

* SiR'UPED, a. Moistened or tinged with sirup or sweet 
juice. Drayton. 

* SiR'UP-Y, a. Like sirup, or partaking of its qualities. 
tSISE, for assize. 

SIS'IHN, 71. A bird, the green-finch ; another name of the 
aberdavine. 

SISS, v.i. [D. sissen.'] To hiss. [.^ word in popular %cse in 
J\''ew England.] 

SIS'TER, n. [Sax. sweostcr ; D. zuster ; G. schiccster ; Sw. 
t^yster ; Dan. soster.] 1. A female born of the same pa- 
rents. 2. A woman of the same faith ; a female fellow- 
Christian. 3. A female of the same kind. 4. One of the 
same kind, or of the same condition. 5. A female of the 
same society ; as the nuns of a convent. 

SIS'TER, V. i. To resemble closely. [Little used.] Shale. 

SIS'TER, V. i. To be akin ; to be near to. [L. u.] Shak. 

SIS'TER-HOOD, 71. [sister mid hood.] I. Sisters collective- 
ly, or a society of sisters ; or a society of females united in 
one faith or order. 2. The otfice or duty of a sister ; [I. u.] 

SIS'TER-IN-LAW, 7J. A husband's or Avife's sister. Ruth. 

SIS'TER-LY, a." Like a sister; becoming a sister; affec- 
tionate. 

SIT, V. i. ; pret, sat ; old pp. sitten. [Goth, sitan ; Sax. sitan, 
or sittan ; D. zitten ; G. sitten; Sw. sitta ; Dan. sidder ; 
L. sedeo.] 1. To rest upon the buttocks, as animals. 2. 
To perch ; to rest on the feet ; as fowls. 3. To occupy a 
seat or place in an otRcial capacity. 4. To be in a state 
of rest or idleness. 5. To rest, lie or bear on, as a weight 
or burden. 6. To settle ; to rest ; to abide. 7. To incu- 
bate ; to cover and warm eggs for hatching ; as a fowl. 
8. To be adjusted ; to be, with respect to fitness or unfit- 



r59 



SIZ 



ness. 9. To be placed in order to be painted. IQ. To be 
in any situation or condition. 11. To hold a session; to 
be officially engaged in public business ; as judges, legisla- 
tors or ofiicei-s of any kind. 12. To exercise authority. 
13. To be in any assembly or council as a member ; to 
have a seat. 14. To be in a local position ; as, the wind 
sits fair ; [unusual.]— To sit dojcn. 1. To place one's self 
on a chair or other seat. 2. To begin a siege. 3. To 
settle ; to fix a permanent abode. 4. To rest ; to cease aa 
satisfied. — To sit out, to be without engagement. [L.u.l 
— To sit up. 1. To rise or be raised from a recumbent pos- 
ture. 2. Not to go to bed. 
SIT, v.t. 1. To keep the seat upon ; as, he sits a horse well 

2. To sit me down, to sit him down, to sit them down, 
equivalent to I seated myself, <Scc. 3. " The court was 
sat,'' an expression oi Addison, is an impropriety. 

SITE, n. [L. situs.] 1. Situation ; local position. 2. A seat 
or ground-plot. 3. The posture of a thing with respect to 
itself. 

t SlT'ED, a. Placed ; situated. Spenser. 

SIT'FaST, n. A hard knob growing on a horse's back un- 
der the saddle. Far. Diet. 

fSITH, adv. [Sax. sti/i, slththan.] Since; in later times 
Spenser. 

t SITHE, 71. Time. Spenser. 

SITHE. SeeSyxHE. 

fSITH'ENCE, ) adv. [Sax. sithihan.] Since; in later times. 

tSITH'ES, I Spenser. 

SIT'TER, 71. 1, One that sits. 2. A bird that incubates. 

SITTING, ppr. 1. Resting on the buttocks, or on the feet, 
as fowls ; incubating; brondinir. — 2. a. In Z'ota?i7/, sessile. 

SIT'TING, 71. 1. The posture of" being on a seat. 2. The 
act of placing one's self on a seat. 3. The act or time of 
resting in a posture for a painter to take the likeness. 4. 
A session ; the actual presence or meeting of any body of 
men. 5. An uninterrupted application to business or 
study for a time ; course of study unintermitted. 6. A 
time for which one sits, as at play, at work or on a visit. 
7. Incubation; a resting on eggs' for hatching; as fowls 

SIT'U-ATE, a. [Fr. situer ; It. situare, situato ; Sp. situar.] 

1. Placed, with respect to any other object. 2. Placed ; 
consisting. 

SIT'U-A-TED, a. Seated, placed or standing with respect 
to any other object. 2. Placed or' being in any state or 
condition with regard to men or things. 

SIT-U-A'TION, 71. [Fr. ; It. situazionc] 1. Position; seat; 
location in respect "to something else. 2. State ; condition. 

3. Circumstances ; temporary state. 4. Place ; office. 
SIV'AN,7t. The third month of the Jewish ecclesiastical 

year, aiiswering to part of our May and part of June. 
SIX, a. [Fr. six ; L. sex ; It. sei ; Sp. sets ; D. zes; G.sechs; 

Dan., Sw. sex ,■ Sax. six.] Twice three. 
SIX, n. The number of six or twice three. — To be at six and 

sevei:, or, as more generally used, at sixes and sevens, is to 

he ir._disorder. Swift. 
SIX'FoLD, a. [six and fold ; Sax. six and feald.] Six times 

repeated ; six double ; six times as much. 
SIX'PENCE, n. 1. An English silver coin of the value of six 

pennies ; half a shilling. 2. The value of six pennies. 
SIX'-PEN-NY, a. Worth sixpence ; as a six-penny loaf. 
SIX'-PET-ALED, a. In botany, having six petals. 
SIX'SCORE, a. [six and sco7-e.] Six times twenty ; one 

hundred and twenty. Sandys. 
SIX'TEEN, a. [Sax. sixtenc, sixtyne.] Six and ten ; noting 

the sum of six and ten. 
SIX'TEENTH, a. [Sax. sixteotha.] The sixth after the tenth , 

the ordinal of sixteen. 
SIXTH, a. [Sax.sZxte.] The first after the fifth ; the ordinal 

of six. 
SIXTH, 7?. 1. The sixth part.— 2. In 7K7isic, ahexachord, an 

interval of two kinds. 
SIXTH'LY, adv. In the sixth place. Bacon. 
SIX'TI-ETH, a. [Sax. sixteogotha.] The ordinal of sixty 
SIX'TY, a. [Sax. sixtig.] Ten times six. 
SIX'TY, 7!. The number of six times ten. 
SiZ'A-BLE, a. 1. Of considerable bulk. Hurd. 2. Being 

of reasonable or suitable size ; as, sizable timber. 
SIZE, 71. [contracted from assize, or from L. scissus.] 1 

Bulk ; bigness ; magnitude ; extent of superficies. 2. A 

settled quantity or allowance, [contracted from assize.] 

3. Figurative fealk ; condition as to rank and character ; 

[little used.] 
Size, n. [W. syth; Sp. sisa.] 1. A glutinous substance pre- 
pared from different materials ; used in manufactures. 2. 

An instrument consisting of thin leaves fastened together 

at one end by a rivet. 
SIZE, v.t. 1 . To adjust or aiTange according to size or bulk. 

2. To settle ; to fix the standard ; [I. u.] 3. To cover 
with size ; to prepare with size. 4. To swell ; to in- 
crease the bulk of.— 5. Among Cornish miners, to se^tsxate 
the finer from the coarser parts of a metal by siftmg 
them. - 

SIZED, pp. 1. Adjusted according to size; prepared with 
size, 2. a. Having a particular magnitude. Shak 



- See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— €asK ; GasJ; ."SasZ ; CHas SH; THasiniAw. ^Obsolete 



SKI 



760 



SKI 



SliiELjTi. In coining, the -residue of bars of silver, after 

pieces are cut out for coins, 
SiZ'ER, 71. In the university of Cambridge^ a student of the 

rank next below that of a pensioner. 
SiZ'I-NESS, n. Glutinousness ; viscousness. 
SiZ'Y, a. Glutinous ; thick and viscous ; ropy ; having tlie 

adhesiveness of size. Arbuihnot. 
fSKAD'DLE, n. [Sax. scatk, sceath.] Hurt ; damage, 
f SKAD'PLE, a. Hurtful ; mischievous. Rmj. 
fSKAD'DONS, n. The embryos of bees. Bailey. 
SKaIN, 71. [Fr. escaigne.] A knot of thread, yarn or silk, 

or a number of knots collected. 
, SKaINS'MATE, 71. A messmate ; a companion. 
SKALD, 71. [qu. Sw. scalla.] An ancient Scandinavian 

poet or bard. Better scald. 

IkaS'e I '^- ^^^^ ' *^™*^ ' ^^y- ^''°^^' 

skate' n. [D. schaats ; It. scattu.] A sort of shoe furnished 
with a smooth iron for sliding on ice. 

SKATE, V. i. To slide or move on skates. 

SKATE, 71. [Sax. sceadda ; L. squatus, squatina.'] A fish of 
the ray kind, {raia batis .-) called the variegated ray-fish. 

SKaT'ER, 71. One who skates on ice. Johnson. 

fSKEAN, 71, [Sax. scegen.] A short sword, or a knife. 

SKEED. See Skid. 

SKEEL,7i. [G. schale; Eng. shell.] A shallow wooden ves- 
sel for holding milk or cream. [Local.] Orose. 

SKEER, V. t. To mow lightly over. Jennings. 

SKEET, 71. A long scoop used to wet the sides of ships or 
the sails. Mar. Diet. 

SKEG, 71. A sort of wild plum. Johnson. 

SKEG'GER, 71. A little salmon. Walton. 

SKEL'E-TON, n. [Fr. squelctte ; It. scheletro ; Sp. esque- 
leto.] 1. The bones of an animal body, separated from the 
flesh and retained in their natural position or connections. 

2. The compages, general structureorframeof any thing. 

3. A very thin or lean person. 

t SKEL'LUM, 71. [G. schclm.] A scoundrel. 

SKEL'LY, V. i. To squint. Brockett. 

SKELP, n. [Icel. skelfa.] A blow ; a smart stroke. Broc- 
kett. 

SKEN, V. i. To squint. Craven dialect. 

SKEP, 71. 1. A sort of basket.— 2. In Scotland, the reposito- 
ry in which bees lay their honey. Johnson. 

SKEP'Tie. See Sceptic. 

SKETCH, 71. [D. schets ; G. skizze ; Fr. esquisse ,- Sp. es- 
quicio.] An outline or general delineation of any thing ; 
a first rough or incomplete draught of a plan or any de- 
sign. 

SKETCH, V. t. 1. To draw the outline or general figure of 
a thing ; to make a rough draught. 2. To plan by giving 
the principal points or ideas. Dryden. 

SKETCHED, pp. Having the outline drawn. 

SKETCHING, ppr. Drawing the outline. 

SKEW, adv. [G.schief; Ban. skixv.] Awry; obliquely. 

fSKEW, V. <. [Dan. skimver.] 1. To look obliquely upon ; 
to notice slightly. 2. To shape or form in art oblique 
way. 

SKEW, V. i. To walk obliquely. [Local.] 

SKEWER, 71. A pin of wood or iron for fastening meat to 
a spit, or for keeping it in form while roasting. 

SKEWER, v. t. To fasten with skewers. 

SKID, 71. 1. A curving timber to preserve a ship's side from 
injury by heavy bodies hoisted or lowered against it ; a 
slider. 2. A chain used for fastening the wheel of a 
wagon. 

SKIFF, 71. [Fr. esquif ; It. schifo ; Sp. esquifo ; G. schiff.] 
A small, light boat, resembling a yawl. Jilar. Diet. 

SKIFF, V. t. To pass over in a light boat. 

SKILL, 71. [Sax. scylan ,• Ice., Sw. skilia ; Dan, skiller.] 1. 
The familiar knowledge of any art or science, united 
with readiness and dexterity in the application to practi- 
cal purposes. 2. Any particular art ; [obs.] 

t SKILL, V. t. To know ; to understand". 

f SKILL, V. i. 1. To be knowing in ; to be dextrous in per- 
formance. 2. To differ ; to make difference ; to be of in- 
terest. 

SKILLED, a. Having familiar knowledge united with 
readiness and dexterity in the application of it ; familiar- 
ly acquainted with. 
f SKIL'LESS, a. Wanting skill ; artless. Skak. 

SKIL'LET, 71. [qu. Fr. ecuclle, ecuellette.] A small vessel 
of metal, with a long handle ; used for heating and boiling 
water. 

SKILL'FUL, a. 1. Knowing; well versed in any art; 
hence, dextrous; able in management; able to perform 
nicely any manual operation in the arts or professions. 
2. Well versed in practice. 

SKILL'FUL-LY, adv. With skill ; dextrously. 

SKILL'FUL-NESS, n. The (luality of possessing skill ; 
dextrouspess ; ability to perft-nn well in any art or busi- 
ness. 
SKIL'LING, 71. An isle or bay of a barn ; also, a slight ad- 
dition to a cottage, [Local.] 



fSKILT, 71. [See Skill.] Difference. Cleaveland. 

SKIM, n. [a diiferent orthography of scum ; Fr. ecume ; It 
schiuma ; G schaum ; D. schuim; Dan., Sw. skum. 
Scum ; the thick matter that forms on the surface of |. 
liquor. [Little used.] 

SKIM, V. t. To take off" the thick, gross matter which sep. 
arates from any liquid substance and collects on the sur- 
face. 2. To take off" by skimming. 3. To pass near the 
surface ; to Drush the surface slightly. 

SKIM, V. i. 1. To pass lightly ; to glide along in an even, 
smooth course, or without flapping. 2. To glide along 
near the surface ; to pass lightly. 3. To hasten over su 
perficially or with slight attention. 

SKIM'BLE-SCAM'BLE, a. [a duplication of sca?K6Ze.] Wan- 
dering ; disorderly. [./2 low word.] Shak. 

SKIM'ING-TON, ) 71. A vulgar word from the Danish 

SKIM'I-TRY, \ skiemter, to jest ; used in the phrase, 
to ride skimington, or skimitry. 

SKIM'-€oULT-ER, n. A coulter for paring off" the surface 
of land. 

SKIMMED, pp. Taken from the surface ; having the thick 
matter t,aken from the surface ; brushed along. 

SKIM'MER, n. 1. A utensil in the form of a scoop ; used 
for skimming liquors. 2. One that skims over a subject • 
[I. u.] 3. A sea-fowl, the cut-water. 

SKIM'-MILK, 71. Milk from which the cream has been 
taken. 

SKIM'MINGS, n.,plu. Matter skimmed from the surface 
of liquors. Edwards, W.Indies. 

SKIN, n. [Sax. scin ; Sw. skinn ; Dan. skind.] 1, The natu- 
ral covering of animal bodies, consisting of the cuticle or 
scarf-skin, the rete mucosum, and the cutis or hide. 2. A 
hide ; a pelt ; the skin of an animal separated from the 
body, whether green, dry or tanned, 3. The body ; the 
person ; in ludicrous language. 4. The bark or husk of 
a plant ; the exterior coat of fruits and plants. 

SKIN, V. t. 1 To strip off" the skin or hide ; to flay ; to peel. 
2. To cover with skin. 3. To cover superficially. 

SKIN, V. i. To be covered with skin. 

SKIN'DEEP, a. Superficial ; not deep ; slight. 

SKIN'FLINT, n. A very niggardly person. 

SKINK, n. [Sax. scene] J. Drink; pottage: [obs.] 2. 
[h. scincus/] A small lizard of Egypt. 

I SKINK, V. i, [Sax. scencan ; G., D. schenken ; Dan 
skienker.] To serve drink. 

t SKINK'ER, ?!. One that serves liquors. Shak. 

SKIN'LESS, a. [from skin.] Having a thin skin. 

SKINNED, pp. 1. Stripped of the skin ; flayed. 2. Cov- 
ered with skin. 

SKIN'NER, n. 1. One that skins. 2. One that deals in 
skins, pelts or hides. 

SKirvT'NI-NESS, 71. The quality of being skinny. 

SKIN'NY, a. Consisting of skin, or of skin only ; wanting 
flesh. Addison. 

SKIP, V. i. [Dan. kipper, to leap ; Ice. skopa.] To leap ; to 
bound ; to spring ; as a goat or lamb. 

SKIP, V. t. To pass over or by ; to omit ; to miss. 

SKIP, n. A leap ; a bound ; a spring. Sidney. 

SKIP'- JACK, n. An upstart. L'Estrange. 

SKIP'-KEN-NEL, n. A lackey ; a footboy. 

SKIP'PER, 71. [Ban. skipper ; B. schipper.l ]. The master 
of a small trading vessel. 2. [from skip.] A dancer. 3. 
A youngling ; a young, thoughtless person. 4. The horn- 
fish, so called. 5, The cheese-maggot, 

t SKTP'PET, n. A small boat. Spenser. 

SKIP'PJNG, ppr. Leaping; bounding. 

SKIP'PING-LY, adv. By leaps. 

SKiRL, V. i. To scream out. See Shhill. 

SKiRM'ISH, 71. [Fr. escarmouche ; It scaramuccia.] 1. A 
slight fight in war ; a light combat by armies at a great dis- 
tance from each other, or between detachments and small 
parties. 2. A contest ; a contention. 

SKtRM'ISH, V. i. To fight slightly or in small parties. 

SKiRM'ISH-ER, n. One that skirmishes. 

SKiRM'ISH-ING, ppr. Fighting slightly. 

SKiRM TSH-ING, n. The act of fighting in a loose or slight 
encounter. 

fSKiRR, V. t. To scour ; to ramble over in order to clear 

t SKiRR, V. i. To scour ; to scud ; to run hastily. 

SKIR'RET, n. A plant of the genus sium. Mortimer. 

SKIR'RUS. See Scirrhus. 

SKiRT, (skurt) n. [Sw. skiorta ; Ban. skiort.] 1. The lower 
and loose part of a coat or other garment ; the part below 
the waist. 2. The edge of any part of dress. 3. Border; 
edge; margin; extreme part. 4. A woman's garment 
like a petticoat. 5. The diaphragm or midriff" in ani- 
mals. 

SKiRT, V. t. To border ; to form the border or edge ; or to 
run along the edge. 

SKiRT, V. i. To be on the border ; to live near the ex- 
tremity. 

SKiRT'ED, pp. Bordered. 

SKiRT'ING, ppr. Bordering ; forming a border. 

fSKIT, n. A wanton girl ; a reflection ; a jibe ; a whink 



* See Synopsis, i, E, I, 5, tr, ^, long.— FA.R, FJ^LL, WH^T j— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. 



SLA 



761 



SLA 



SEIT, r. t. iSax seitan.] To cast reflections. [Local.] 
Grose. 

SKIT'TISH, a. [qu. Fr ecouteux.] 1. Shy ; easily fright- 
ened ; shunning familiarity ; timorous. 2. Wanton j vola- 
tile ; hasty. 3. Changeable ; fickle. Shak. 

SKIT TISH-LY, adv. Shyly ; wantonly ; changeably. 

SKIT'TISH-NESS, n. 1. Shyness; aptness to fear ap- 
proach ; timidity. 2. Fickleness ; wantonness. 

SKITTLES, 71. Nine-pins. Warton. 

SKOL E-ZITE, 71. A mineral allied to Thomsonite. 

SKONCE. See Sconce. 

SKOR'A-DITE, n. [Gr. o-zcopo^wv.] A mineral. 

SKREED, 71. A border of cloth. Craven dialect. 

SKREEN. See Screen. 

SKRIN6E. A vulgar corruption of cringe. 

SKRUN'TY, a. Low ; stunted. Craven dialect. 

SKUE. See Skew. 

SKUG, V. t. To hide. [Local.] 

SKULK, V. i. To lurk ; to withdraw into a corner or into a 
close place for concealment. See Sculk. 

SKULL, n, [Sw. skalle, skal ; Dan. skal ; D. sckeel.] 1. 
The bone that forms the exterior of the head, and incloses 
the brain ; the brain-pan. 2. A person. 3. Skull, for 
shoal or school, of fish ; [obs.] 

SKULL'-€AP, n. 1. A head-piece. 2. A plant of the ge- 
nus Scutellaria. Encyc. 

SKUNK, 71. In America, the popular name of a fetid animal 
of the weasel kind ; the viverra mephitis. 

SKUNK'eAB-BAGE, ) n. A plant vulgarly so called, the 

SKUNK'WEED, \ tetodes fcetidus. 

SKUR'RY, n. Haste ; impetuosity. Brockett. 

BKUTE, 71. A boat. See Scow. 

SK"?, n. [Sw. sfcj/ ; Dan. siti/e.] 1. The aerial region which 
surrounds the earth ; the apparent arch or vault of heaven. 
2. The heavens. 3. The weather 5 the climate. 4. A 
cloud ; a shadow ; \_obs.'] 

SK"S''-e6L'OR, n. The color of the sky ; a particular spe- 
cies of blue color ; azure. Boyle. 

SKY'-€oL-ORED, a. Like the sky in color ; blue ; azure. 

SK\''-DyED, a. Colored like the sky. Pope. 

SKY'EY, a. Like the sky ; ethereal. Shak. 

SKY'ISH, a. Like the sky, or approaching the sky. 

SKY'-LARK, n. A lark that mounts and sings as it flies. 

SK1?'-LlGHT, 71. A window placed in the top of a house or 
ceiling of a room for the admission of light. 

SK"?'-RO€K-ET, n. A rocket that ascends high and burns 
as it flies ; a species of fire-works. Addison. 

tSLAB, a. Thick; viscous. Shak. 

SLAB, 71. [W. llab, yslab.] 1. A plane or table of stone. 
2. An outside piece' taken from timber in sawing it into 
boards, planks, &c. 3. A puddle. 

* SLAB'BER, V. i. [D. slabhen ; G. schlabben, schlabem.] 
To let the saliva or other liquid fall from the mouth care- 
lessly ; to drivel. 

* SLAB'BER, v.t. 1. To sup up hastily, as liquid food. 2. 
To wet and foul by liquids suffered to fall carelessly from 
the mouth. 3. To shed ; to spill. 

* SLAB'BER-ER, n. One that slabbers ; an idiot. 

* SLAB'BER-ING, ppr. Driveling. 

SLAB'BY, a. 1. Thick ; viscous. [Little used.] 2. Wei. 

SLAB'-LlNE, 71. A line or small rope by which seamen 
truss up the main-sail or fore-sail. Mar. Diet. 

SLACK, a. [Sax. slcec ; Sw. slak.] 1. Not tense ; not hard 
drawn; not firmly extended, 2. Weak; remiss; not 
holding fast. 3. Remiss ; backward ; not using due dili- 
gence ; not earnest or eager. 4. Not violent ; not rapid ; 
slow. 

SLACK, adv. Partially ; insufficiently ; not intensely. 

SLACK, n. The part of a rope that hangs loose, having no 
stress upon it. Mar. Diet. 

SLACK, or SLACK'EN^ v. i. [Sax. slacian ; D. slaaken.] 
]. To become less tense, firm or rigid ; to decrease in ten- 
sion. 2. To be remiss or backward ; to neglect. Deut. 
xxiii. 3. To lose cohesion or the quality of adnesion. 4. 
To abate ; to become less violent, 5. To lose rapidity ; to 
become more slow. 6. To languish ; to fail ; to flag. 

SLACK, or SLACK'EN, v. t. 1. To lessen tension ; to make 
less tense or tight. 2. To relax ; to remit. 3. To miti- 
gate ; to diminish in severity. 4. To become more slow ; 
to lessen rapidity, 5. To abate ; to lower. 6. To relieve ; 
to unbend ; to remit. 7. To withhold ; to use less liber- 
ally. 8. To deprive of cohesion ; as, to slack lime. 9. To 
repress ; to check. 10, To neglect. II. To repress, or 
make less quick or active. 

SLACK, 71. Small coal ; coal broken into small parts. Eng. 

SLACK, 71, A valley, or small, shallow dell, [Local.] Grose. 

SLACK'EN, n. Among miners, a spungy, semi-vitrified 
substance which they mix with the ores'of metals to pre- 
vent their fusion. 

SLACK'LY, adv. 1. Not tightly ; loosely. 2. Negligently ; 
remissly. 

SLACK'NESS, n. 1. Looseness ; the state opposite to ten- 
sion ; not tightness or rigidness. 2. Remissness ; negli- 



gence ; inattention. 3. Slowness ; tardiness ; want of 

tendency. 4. Weakness ; not intenseness. 
SLADE, 71. [Sax. sUpd.] A little dell or valley ; also, a flat 

piece of low, moist ground. [Local.] Drayton. 
SLAG, 7t. [Dan. slagg.] The dross or recrement of a metal; 

or vitrified cinders. Boyle. 
SLaIE, (sla) n. [Sax. sice.] A weaver's reed. 
SLaIN, pp. of slay ; so written for slayen. Killed. 
SLAKE, V. t. [Sw. sl&cka ; Ice. slcecka.} To quench ; to 

extinguish ; as, to slake thirst. Spenser. 
SLAKE, V. i. 1. To go out ; to become extinct. Brown. 2. 

To grow less tense ; [a mistake for slack.] 
SLAM, V. t. [Ice. lema ; Old Eng. lam ; Sax. hlemman.] 

1. To strike with force and noise ; to shut with violence 

2. To beat ; to cuff"; [local.] Grose. 3. To strike down ; 
to slaughter ; [local.] 4. To win all the tricks in a hand ; 
as we say, to take all at a stroke or dash. 

SLAM, n. 1. A violent driving and dashing against ; a vio- 
lent shutting of a door. 2. Defeat at cards, or the win- 
ning of all the tricks. 3. The refuse of alum-works; 
[local.] 

SLAM'KIN, In. [G. schlampe.] A slut ; a slatternly 

SLAM'MER-KIN, \ woman. [JYot used, or local.] 

SLAN'DER, n. [Norm, esclaunder ; Fr. esclandre.] 1. A 
false tale or report maliciously uttered, and tending to in- 
jure the reputation of another ; defamation. 2. Disgrace ; 
reproach ; disreputation ; iii name. 

SLAN'DER, 7?. t. To defame ; to injure by maliciously ut- 
tering a false report respecting one. 

SLXN'DERED, ^;). Defamed; injured in good name by 
false and malicious reports. 

SLAN'DER-ER, n. A defamer ; one who injures another by 
maliciously reporting something to Ms prejudice. 

SLAN'DER-ING, ppr. Defaming. 

SLAN'DER-OUS, a. 1. That utters defamatory words or 
tales. 2. Containing slander or defamation ; calumnious. 

3. Scandalous ; reproachful. 
SLAN'DER-OUS-LY, adv. With slander ; calumniously ; 

with false and malicious reproach. 
SLAN'DER-OUS-NESS, 71. The state or quality of being 

slanderous or defamatory. 
SLANG, old pret. of sling. We now use slung. 
SLANG, 71. Low, vulgar, unmeaning language. [Ijow.] 
SLANG'- WHANG-ER, n. A noisy demagogue ; a turbulent 

partisan. A cant word of recent origin in America, used 

only in familiar style, or works of humor. Pick. Vocab. 
SLANK, n. A plant ; [alga marina,] Ainsworth. 
SLANT, or SLANT'ING, a. [few. slinta, slant.] Sloping ; 

oblique ; inclined from a direct line, whether horizontal 

or perpendicular. 
SLANT, V. t. To turn from a direct line ; to give an oblique 

or <5loping direction to. Fuller. 
SLANT, 71, 1. An oblique reflection or gibe ; a sarcastic re- 
mark ; [vulgar.] 2, A copper coin of Sweden. 
SLANT'ING-LY, adv. With a slope or inclination ; also, 

with an oblique hint or remark. 
SLANT'LY, I adv. Obliquely ; in an inclined direction. 
SLANT'WISE, \ Tusser. 
SLAP, 7?. [G schlappe ; W. yslapiaw.] A blow given with 

the open hand, or with something broad. 
SLAP, V. t. To strike with the open hand, or with scrnie- 

thing broad, 
SLAP, adv. With a sudden and violent blow. Arbuthnot. 
SLAPDASH, adv. [slap and dash.] All at once. [Low.] 
SLAPE, a. Slippery ; smooth. [Local.] Grose. 

i£iF?mG,|-^^'-y^"=«-t^"'^'^^-^ 

SLASH, V. t. [Ice. slasa.] 1. To cut by striking violently 
and at random ; to cut in long cuts. 2. To lash. 

SLASH, V. i. To strike violently and at random with a 
sword, hanger or other edged instrument; to lay about 
one with blows. 

SLASH, 77. A long cut ; a cut made at random. 

SLASHED, pi7. Cut at random. 

SLASHING, ppr. Striking violently and cutting at random. 

SLAT, n. [This is doubtless the sloat of the English diction- 
aries. See Sloat,] A narrow piece of board or timber 
used to fasten together larger pieces, 

SLATCH, 71. 1. In seamen^s language, the period of a tran- 
sitory breeze. Mar. Diet, 2. An interval of fair weather. 
3, Slack ; see Slack. 

SLATE, 71. [Fr. eclater ; Sw. slita.] 1. An argillaceous 
stone which readily splits into plates ; argillite ; argilla- 
ceous shist. 2. A piece of smooth argillaceous stone, used 
for covering buildings. 3. A piece of smooth stone of the 
above species, used for writing on. 

SLATE, V. t. To cover with slate or plates of stone. 

SLATE, or SLETE, v. t. To set a dog loose at any thing. 
[Local.] Ray. . 

SLaTE'-AXE, 71. A mattock with an axe-end ; used in 
slating. 

SLaT'ED, pp. Covered with slate. 

SLaT'ER, 71. One that lays slates, or whose occupation js 
to slate buildings. 



♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € asK ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete^ 



SLE 



'62 



SLE 



SLATING, ppr. Covering with slates. 

SLAT'TER, w. J. [G. schlottem.] 2. To be careless of dress, 
and dirty. 2. lo be careless, negligent or awkward ; to 
spill carelessly. 

SLAT'TERN, n. A woman who is negligent of her dress ; 
one who is not neat and nice. 

SLAT'TERN, v. t. To slattern away, to consume carelessly 
or wastefully ; to waste. [Unusual.] 

SLAT'TERN-LY, adv. Negligently ; awkwardly 

SLa'TY, a. Resembling slate ; having the nature or proper- 
ties of slate ; as, a slaty color or texture. 

SLAUGH'TER, (slaw'ter) 71. [Sax. slxge ; D. slagting ; G. 
s'c'hlachten.] 1. In a general sense, a killing. Applied to 
71} en, slaughter usually denotes great destruction of life by 
violent means. — 2. Applied to beasts, butchery ; a killing 
of oxen or other beasts for market. 

BLAUGH'TER, (s.aw'ter) v t. 1. To kill ; to slay ; to make 
gi'eat destruction of life. 2. To butcher ; to kill for the 
market ; as beasts. 

SLAUGH'TERED, (slaw'terd) pp. Slain ; butchered. 

SLAUGH'TER-ER, (siaw'ter-er) n. One employed in kill- 
ing. 

SLAUGH'TER-HOUSE, (slaw'ter-house) n. A house where 
beasts are butchered for tlie market. 

SLAUGHTER-ING, (slaw'ter-ing) ppr. Killing ; destroying 
li'iiman life ; butchering. 

SLAUGH'TER-MAN, (slaw'ter-man) n. One employed in 
killing. Shali. 

SLAUGH'TER-OUS, a. Destructive ; murderous. 

SLAVE, n. [D. slaaf; G. solace ; Dan. slave, sclave ; Sw. 
slaf; Fr. esclave ; Sp. esclavo.] 1. A person who is 
wholly subject to the will of another. 2. One who has 
lost the power of resistance ; or one who surrenders him- 
self to any power whatever 3. A mean person ; one in 
the lowest state of life. 4. A drudge ; one who labors like 
a slave. 

SLAVE, V. i. To drudge ; to toil ; to labor as a slave. 

SLIVE'BORN, a. Boni in slavery. 

SLaVE'LTKE, a. Like or becoming a slave. 

SLAVER, 7i. [the same as 6Za&&e;-.] Saliva driveling from 
the mouth. Pope. 

SLAVER, V. i. I. To suffer the spittle to issue from the 
month. 2. To be besmeared witli saliva. Shak. 

SLAVER, v. t. To smear with saliva issuing from the 
mouth ; to defile with drivel. 

SLAVER, n, A slave-ship, or a ship employed in the slave- 
trade. 

SLAVERED, pp. Defiled with drivel. 

SLAVER-ER, n. A driveler ; an idiot. 

SLAVER-ING, ppr. Letting fall saliva. 

SLa'VER-Y, n. 1. Bondage ; the state of entire subjection 
of one person to the will of another. 2. The offices of a 
slave ; drudgery. 

SLaVE'-TRaDE, n. The barbarous and wicked business 
of purchasing men and women, transporting them to a 
distant country and selling them for slaves. 

SLAVISH, a. 1. Pertainhig to slaves ; servile ; mean ; base ; 
such as becomes a slave. 2. Servile ; laborious ; consist- 
in^g in drudgery. 

SLaVISH-LY, adv. 1. Servilelp* ; meanly ; basely. 2 In 
the manner of a slave or drudge. 

SLaV'ISH-NE?S, n. The state or quality of being slavish ; 
servility ; meanness. 

SLA-VON'IC; a. Pertaining to the Slavons or ancient in- 
habitants of Russia. 

SLA-VON'ie, 71. The Slavonic language. 

SJj AY, V. t. ; pret. slew ; pp. slain. [Sax. slmgan, slagan : 
Goth slahan ; G. schlagcn ; D. slaaen.] 1. To kill ; to put 
to death by a weapon or by violence. 2. To destroy. 

SI/aY'ER, n. One that slays ; a killer ; a murderer ; an as- 
sassin ; a destroyer of life. 

SLaY'INGjPp?-. Killing ; destroying life. 

SLeAVE, n. [Tee. slefa.'] The knotted or entangled part of 
silk or thread ; silk or thread untwisted. 

SI-kAVE, v. t. To separate threads ; or to divide a collection 
of threads ; to sley ; a icord used by weavers. 

^'LEAVED, a. Raw ; not spun or wrought. HoUnshcd. 

SL7':AZ'Y, ) a. Thin : flimsy ; wanting firmness of texture 

F^LEEZ'Y, \ or substance. 

SLED, 7!. [D. slccde ; Sw. slade ; Dan. shade.] A carriage 
or vehicle moved on runners, much used in America for 
conveying heavy weights in winter. 

SLED, V. t. To convey or transport on a sled. 

SLED'DED, pp. 1. Conveyed on a sled. 2. Mounted on a 
sled. 

SLEDDING, ppr. Conveying on a sled. 

SLED DING, n. 1. The act of transporting on a sled. 2. The 
means of conveying on sleds j snow sufficient for the run- 
ning of sleds. 

SLEDGE, 71. [Sax. slecge, siege ; D. sley ; Dan. slegge ; Sw. 
slagga.] 1. A large, heavy hammer ; used chiefly by iron- 
smfths. — 2. In England, a sled ; a vehicle moved ou run- 
ners or on low wheels. 



SLEEK, a. [D. lekken.] 1. Smooth ; having an even 
smooth surface ; whence, glossy. 2. Not rough or harsh 
Milton. 

SLEEKjTi. That which makes smooth; varnish, [L.u.] 

SLEEK, V. t. 1. To make even and smooth. B. Jonson. 2 
To render smooth, soft and glossy. Shak. 

SLEEK, adv. With ease and dexterity ; with exactness 
[ Vulgar.] 

SLEEK 'LY,'a<ZD. Smooth! v ', nicely. 

SLEEK'NESS, n. Smoothness of surface. Feltham. 

SLEEK'STONE, n. A smoothing stone. Peacham. 

t SLEEK 'Y, a. Of a sleek or smooth appearance. 

SLEEP, V. i. ; pret. and pp. slept. [Sax. slepan, sltspan; 
Goth, slepan.] 1. To take rest by a suspension of the vol 
untary exercise of the powers of the body and mind. 2 
To rest ; to be unemployed ; to be inactive or motionless. 

3. To rest ; to lie or be still 5 not to be noticed or agitated. 

4. To live thoughtlessly. 5. To be dead ; to rest in the 
grave for a time. 1 Thess. iv. 6. To be careless, inatten- 
tive or unconcerned ; not to be vigilant. Shak. 

SLEEP, 71. That state of an animal ui which the voluntary 
exertion of his mental and corporeal powers issuspended^ 
and he rests unconscious of what passes around him. 

SLEEP'ER, 77. 1. A person that sleeps ; also, a drone or lazy 
person. 2. That which lies dormant, as a law" not exe- 
cuted ; [obs.] 3, An animal that lies dormant in winter 
as the bear, the marmot, &c. — 4. In building, the oblique 
rafter that lies in a gutter. — 5. In JSTew E7igland, a floor- 
timber. — 6. In ship-building, a thick piece of timber plac- 
ed longitudinally in a ship's hold. — 7. In the glass trade, 
a large irop bar crossing the smaller ones, hindering the 
passa'ge of coals, but leaving room for the ashes. 8. A 
platform. 9. A fish ; [exocaitus ] 

SLEEP'FUL, a. Strongly inclined to sleep. [Little 7iscd.] 

SLEEP'FiJL-NESS, 7i. Strong inclination to sleep. [L.u.] 

SLEEP'I-LY, adv. 1. Drowsily ; with desire to sleep. 2. 
Dully ; in a lazy manner ; heavily. Raleigh. 3. Stupidly 

SLEEP'I-NESS, n. Drowsiness ; inclination to sleep. 

SLEEP'ING, ppr. Resting ; reposing in sleep. 

SLEEPING, 71. 1. The state of resting in sleep. 2. The 
state of being at rest, or not stin-ed or agitated. 

SLEEP'LESS, a. 1. Having no sleep ; without sleep ; wake- 
ful. 2. Having no rest ; perpetually agitated. Byron. 

SLEEP'LESS-NESS, 77. Want or destitution of sleep. 

SLEEP'Y, a. 1. Drowsy ; inclined to sleep. 2. Not awake. 

3. Tending to induce sleep ; soporiferous ; somniferous 

4. Dull ; lazy ; heavy ; sluggish. 

SLEET, n. [Dan. slud ; Ice. sletta.] 1. A fall of hail or 
snow and rain together, usually in fine paiticles.— 2. In 
gunnery, the part'of a mortar passing from the chamber to 
the trunnions for strengthening that part. 

SLEET, V. i. To snow or hail with a mixture of rain. 

SLEET'Y, a. 1. Bringing sleet. 2. Consisting of sleet. 

SLEEVE, 71. [Sax. slef. shjf.] 1. The part of a gannent 
that is fitted to cover the arm. 2. The " raveled sleeve of 
care," in Shakspeare j [see Sleave.] — To laugh in the 
sleeve, to laugh privately or unperceived.— T^o ha7ig on 
the sleeve, to be or make dependent on others. 

SLEEVE, V. t. To furnish with sleeves ; to put in sleeves. 

SLEEVE'-BUT-TON, n. A button to fasten the sleeve or 
wristband. 

SLEEVED, a. Having sleeves. 

SLEEVE'LESS, a. 1. Having no sleeves. 2. Wanting a 
cover, pretext or palliation ; unreasonable ; [little tised.] 

SLEID, V. t. To sley or prepare for use in the weaver's sley 
or sJaie. 

SLEIGH, (sla) ?7. [probably allied to sleek.] A vehicle raov 
ed on runners, and greatly used in America for transport- 
ing persons or goods on snow or ice. [This word the 
English write and pronounce sledge, and apply it to what 
we call a sled.] 

SLEIGHT, (sllte) n. [G. schlich ; It. slighthcach.] 1. An 
artful trick ; sly artifice ; a trick or feat so dextrously per 
formed that the manner of performance escapes observa- 
tion. 2 Dextrous practice ; dexterity. 

SLEIGHT 'y"'^' \ ^- ^*'^^"' ' cunningly dextrous. 

SLEN'DER,'a. [Old D. slinder.] 1. Thin ; small in circum- 
ference compared with the length ; not thick. 2. Small 
in the waist ; not thick or gross. 3. Not strong ; small • 
slisht. 4. Weak ; feeble. 5. Small ; inconsiderable. 6. 
Small; inadequate. 7. Not amply supplied. 8. Spare; 
abstemious. 

SLEN'DER-LY, adv. 1. Without bulk. 2. Slightly ; mean- 
ly. 3. Insufficiently. 

SLEN'DER-NESS, n. I. Thinness ; smallness of diameter 
in proportion to the length. 2. Want of bulk or strength 
3. We ikness ; slightness. 4. Weakness ; feebleness. 5 
Want of plenty. 6. Spareness. 

tSLENT, V. i. To make an oblique remark. See Slant. 

SLEPT, pret. and pp. of sleep. 

SLEW, pret. of slay. 

SLEY, 71. [Sax. slm.] A weaver's reed. See Sleave and 
Sleid. 



* See Sijnopsis. A E. T, O, C, Y. long.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete 



SLl 



763 



SLO 



SLEY, V. t. To separate ; to part threads and arrange tliem 
in a reed ; as weavers, 

SLICE, V. t. [G. sclileissen.] 1. To cut into thin pieces, or 
to cut off a thin, broad piece. 2. To cut into parts. 3. To 
cut ; to divide. 

SLICE, n. 1. A thin, broad piece cut off. 2. A broad piece. 
3. A peel ; a spatula ; an instrument consisting of a broad 
plate with a handle, used by apothecaries for spreading 
plasters, &;c. — 4. In ship-building, a tapering piece of 
plank to be driven between the timbers before planking. 

SLICED,;;;). Cut into broad, thin pieces. 

SLICH, n. The ore of a metal when pounded and prepared 
for working. Encyc. 

SLi'CING, ppr. Cutting into broad, thin pieces. 

SLICK. The popular pronunciation of sleek, and so written 
by some authors. 

SLI€K'EN-SlDES, n. A name which workmen give to a 
variety of galena in Derbyshire. Ure. 

SLID, pret. of slide. 

SLID, ) 

SLID'DEN, j^^-of^'^*^^- 

t SLID'DER, V. i. [Sax. sliderian, sUdrian.] To slide with 
interruption. 

f SI ID'DER ) 

+ SLID'DER-LY i'^' [-Sfie Slide.] Slippery. Chaucer. 

SLIDE, V. i. ; pret. slid ; pp. slid, slidden. [Sax. slidan.] 1. 
To move along the surface of any body by slipping, or 
witliout bounding or rolling ; to slip ; to glide. 2'. To 
move along the surface witliout stepping. 3. To pass in- 
advertently. 4. To pass smoothly along without jerks or 
agitation. 5. To pass in silent, unobserved progression. 

6. To pass silently and gradually from one s-tace to an- 
other. 7. To pass without difficulty or obstruction. 8. 
To practice sliding or moving on ice. 9. To slip ; to fall. 
10. To pass with an easy, smooth, uninterrupted course 
or flow. 

SLIDE, v.t. 1. To slip ; to pass or put in imperceptibly. 
2. To thrust along ; or to thrust by slipping. 

SLIDE, ?j. 1. A smooth and easy passage ; also, a slider. 2. 
Flow ; even course. 

SLlD'ER. n. 1. One that slides. 2. The part of an instru- 
ment or machine that slides. 

SLiD'ING, ppr. Moving along the surface by slipping 5 glid- 
ing ; passing smoothly, easily or imperceptibly. 

SLiD'ING, n. Lapse ; falling ; used in backsliding. 

SLiD'ING-RULE, n. A mathematical instrument used to 
determine measure or quantity without compasses, by 
sliding the parts one by anotlier. 

SLIGHT, a. [D. slegt ; G. schlecht.] 1. Weak ; inconsid- 
erable ; not forcible. 2. Not deep. 3. Not violent. 4. 
Trifling ; of no great importance. 5. Not strong ; not co- 
gent. (5. Negligent ; not veliement ; not done with effort. 

7. Not firm or strong ; thin ; of loose texture. 8. Foolish ; 
sUly ; weak in intellect. 

SLIGHT, n. 1. Neglect ; disregard ; a moderate degree of 
contempt manifested negatively by neglect. 2. Artifice 5 
d_exterity. SeeSLnoHX. 

SLIGHT, V. t. 1. To neglect ; to disregard from the consid- 
eration that a thing is of little value and unworthy of no- 
tice. 2. To overthrow; to demolish; [obs.] — To slight 
over, to run over in haste. 

SLiGHT'ED, pp. Neglected. 

t SLiGHT'EN, V. t. To slight or disregard. Spenser. 

SLIGHT ER, n. One who negiects. 

SLlGHT'ING, ppr. Neglecting ; disregarding. 

SLlGHT'ING-LY, adv. With neglect; without respect. 
Boyle. 

SLiGHT'LY, adv. 1. Weakly; superficially; with in- 
considerable force or effect ; in a small degree. 2. Negli- 
gently ; without regard ; with moderate contempt. 

SLiGHT'NESS, n. 1. Weakness ; want of force or strength ; 
superficialness. 2. Negligence ; want of attention ; want 
of vehemence. 

SLIGHT Y, a. 1. Superficial; slight. 2. Trifling; incon- 
siderable. Eckard. 

SLi'LY, adv. [from sly.l With artful or dextrous secrecy. 

SLIM, a. [Ice.] 1. Slender; of small diameter or thickness 
in proportion to the height. 2. Weak ; slight ; unsub- 
stantial. 3. Worthless. 

SLIME, n. [Sax. slim ; Sw. slem ; D. slym ; L. limus.] 
Soft, moist earth having an adhesive quality; viscous 
rnud. 

SLiME'-PIT, 71. A pit of slime or adhesive mire. 

SLiM'I-NESS, n. The quality of slime ; viscosity. Flnyer. 

SLIM'NESS, n. State or quality of being slim. 

SLiM'Y, a. I. Abounding with slime ; consisting of slime. 
2^ Overspread with slime. 3. Viscous ; glutinous. 

SLi'NESS, n. [from sly.] Dextrous artifice to conceal any 
thing ; artful secrecy. .Addison. 

SLING, n. [D. slinger.] 1. An instrument for throwing 
stones, consisting of a strap and two strings. 2. A throw ; 
a stroke. 3. A kind of hanging bandage put round the 
neck, in which a wounded limb is sustained. 4. A rope 
by which a cask or bale is suspended and swung in or out 



of a ship. 5. A drink composed of equal parts of rum oi 
spirit and water sweetened. 
SLING, V. t. ; pret. and pp. slung. fSax. shngan ; D. slin- 
gercn.] 1. To throw with a sling. 2. To throw ; to hurl 
3. To hang so as to swing. 4. To move or swing by a 
rope which suspends the thing. 

SLING'ER, 71. One who slings or uses the sling. 

SLING'ING, ppr. Throwing with a sling ; hanging so as to 
swing ; moving by a sling. 

SLINK, V. i. ; pret. and pp. slunk. [Sax. slincan ; G. 
schleichen.] 1. To sneak ; to creep away meanly ; to steal 
away. 2. To miscarry, as a beast. 

SLINK, V. t. To cast prematurely ; to miscarry of 3 as the 
female of a beast. 

SLINK, a. Produced prematurely, as the young of a beast 

SLIP, V. i. [Sax. slepan ; D. sleppen ; Sw. slippa.] 1. To 
slide ; to glide ; to move along the surface of a thing 
without bounding, rolling or stepping. 2. To slide ; not 
to tread firmly. 3. To move or fly out of place ; usually 
with out. 4. Tvi sneak ; to slmk ; to depart or withdraw 
secretly. .*>. To err; to fall into error or fault. 6. To 
glide ; to pass unexpectedly or imperceptibly. 7. To en- 
ter by oversight. 8. To escape insensibly ; to be lost. 

SLIP, V. t. I. To convey secretly. 2. To omit ; to lose by 
negligence. 3. To part twigs from the branches or stem 
of "a tree. 4. To escape from; to leave slily. 5. To let 
loose. 6. To throw oft'; to disengage one's self from. 7. 
To pass over or omit negligently. 8. To tear off. 9. To 
suffer abortion ; to miscarry. — To slip a cable, to veer out 
and let go the end. — To slip on, to put on in haste or 
loosely. 

SLIP, n. 1. A sliding; act of slipping. 2. An unintentional 
error or fault. Dryden. 3. A twig separated from the 
main stock. 4. A leash or string by which a dog is held ; 
so called from its being so made as to slip or become loose 
by relaxation of the hand. 5. An escape ; a secret or un- 
expected desertion. 6. A long, narrow piece. 7. A 
counterfeit piece of money, being brass covered with sil- 
ver ; [obs.] 8. Matter found in troughs of grindstones 
after the grinding of edge-tools; [local.] 9. A particular 
quantity of yarn ; [local.] 10. An opening between 
wiiaives or in a dock. J\r.'York. 11. A place having a 
gradual descent on the bank of a river or harbor, conven- 
ient for ship-building. Mar. Diet. 12. A long seat or 
narro\v_pew in churches. United States. 

SLlP'-BoARD, 71. A board sliding in grooves. 

SLIP'-KNOT, n. A bow-knot ; a knot which will not bear 
a strain, or which is easily untied. Johnson. 

SLIP'PEIl, ?z. [Sax.] 1. A kind of shoe consisting of a sole 
and vamp without quarters, which may be slipped on 
with ease and worn in undress ; a slip-shoe. 2. A kind 
of apron for children, to be slipped over their other clotlies 
to keep them clean. 3. [L. crepis.] A plant. 4. A kind 
of iron slide or lock for the use of a heavy wagon. 

t SLIP'PER, a. [Sax. slipur.] Slippery. Spenser. 

SLIP'PER'ED, a. Wearing slippers. Warton. 

SLIP'PER-[-LY, adv. In a slippery manner. 

SLIP'PER-I-NESS, n. 1. The state or quality of being 
slippery ; lubricity ; smoothness : glibness. 2. Uncer- 
tainty ; want of firm footing. 3. Lubricity of character. 

SLIP'PER- Y, a, 1, Smooth; glib; having the quality op 
posite to adhesiveness. 2. Not affording firm footing or 
confidence. 3. Not easily held ; liable or apt to slip 
away. 4. Not standing finn. 5. Unstable ; change- 
able ; mutable ; uncertain. 6. Not certain in its effect 
7. Lubricous ; wanton ; unchaste. 

t SLIPPY, a. [Sax, slipeg.] Shppery. 

SLIP'SHOD, a. [slip a.nd shod.] Wearing shoes like slip- 
pers, witliout pulling up the quarters. Swift. 

SLIP'SLOP, 71. Bad liquor. 

SLIP'STSING, n. [slip and string.] One that has shaken 
off restraint ; a prodigal ; called, also, slipthrift. [L. u.] 

SLISH, n. A low word, formed by reduphcating slash. Shak. 

SLIT, V. t. ; T[)iPA.slit; pp. slit, 01 slittcd. [Sax. slit an ; Sw. 
slita.] 1. To cut lengthwise; to cut into long pieces or 
strips. 2. To cut or make a long fissure. 3. To cut, in 
general. 4. To rend ; to split. 

SLIT, n. 1. Along cut; or a narrow opening. 2, A cleft 
or crack in the breast of cattle, Encvc 

SLITH'ER, V. i. To slide. Morth of England 

SLIT'TER. n. One that slits. 

SLIT'TING, ppr. Cutting lengthwise. 

SLIT TING-MILL, ?i. A mill where iron bars are slit into 
nail-rods, &c. 

SLIVE, i\ i To sneak. [Local.] Orose. 

SLIVER, V. t. [Sax. slifan.] To cut or divide into long, 
thin pieces, or into very small pieces ; to cut or rend 
lengthwise. 

SLIV ER, n. A long piece cut or rent off, or a piece cut or 
rent lengthwise. 

SLoAT, n. [D. sluiten ; Sw. sluta ; G. schliessen.] A nar- 
row piece of timber which holds together larger pieces ; 
as, the sloats of a cart. [In JVew England, tliis is called a 
slat.] 



♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE — € as K ; C as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



SLO 



764 



SLU 



SLOB'BER and its derivatives are a different orthography 
of slabber, the originEil pronup elation of which was prob- 
ably slobber. See Slabber and Slavbe. 

t SLOeK, to quench, Is a different orthography of slake. 

SLOE, n. [Sax. slag, sla ; G. schlehe ; D. slee.} A small 
wild plum, the fruit of the black thorn, Mortimer. 

SLOOM, n. Slumber. [.Voi in use, or local."] 

SLOOM'Y, a. Sluggish ; slow. [J^ot in use, or local.] 

SLOOP, n. [D. sloep, sloepschip ; G. schaluppe ; Dan. sluppe ; 
Ft. chaloupe. It is written, also, shallop.] A vessel with 
one mast. — Sloop of war, a vessel of war rigged either as 
a sliip, brig or schooner, and usually carrying from 10 to 
18 guns. 

SLOP, V. t. To drink greedily and grossly. [Little used.] 

SLOP, n. 1. Water carelessly thrown about on a table or 
floor J a puddle ; a soiled spot. 2. Mean liquor ; mean 
liquid food. 

SLOP, n. [qu. D. sluif.] Trowsers ; a loose lower garment ; 
drawers ; hence, ready-made clothes. Shak. 

SLOP'SEJ^-LER, 71. One who sells ready-made clothes. 

SLOPSHOP, 71. A shop where ready-made clothes are sold. 

SLOPE, a. Inclined or inclining from a horizontal direc- 
tion ; forming an angle with the plane of the horizon. 
[Little used] Milton. 

SLOPE, n. 1. An oblique direction ; a line or direction in- 
clining from a horizontal line ; properly, a direction down- 
wards. 2. A declivity ; any ground whose surface forms 
an angle with the plane of the horizon. 

SLOPE, V. t. To form with a slope ; to form to declivity Oi 
obliquity ; to direct obliquely j to incline. 

SLOPE, V. i. To take an oblique direction j to be declivous 
or inclined. 

SLoPE'NESS, n. Declivity ; obliquity. [L. u.] Wotton. 

SLoPE'WiSE, adv. Obliquely. Carew. 

SLoP'ING, ppr. 1. Taking an inclined direction. 2. a. 
Oblique ; declivous ; inclining or inclined from a horizon- 
tal or other right line. 

SLoP'ING-LY, adv. Obliquely ; with a slope. 

SLOP'PI-NESS, 71. Wetness of the earth ; muddiness. 

SLOP'PY, a. Wet, as the ground ; muddy ^ plashy. 

SLOSH, ) n. and a. These words are often used in the 

SLOSH'Y, \ J\rorthem States in relation to the state of the 
roads, when they are covered with snow and a thaw 
takes place ; as, the roads are sloshy ; it is very sloshy 
going. They are low, colloquial words, perhaps corrupted 
from sludge, or sloppy. Pickering^s Vocabulary. 

SLOT, V. t. [D, sluit'M ; Dan. slutter ; Sw. sluta.] To shut 
with violence ; to islam, that is, to drive. [Little used.] 

SLOT, 71. A broad, flat, wooden bar. 

SLOT, 71. The track of a deer. Drayton. 

* SLOTH, 71. [Sax. sloiwth.] 1. Slowness ; tardiness. 2. 
Disinclination to action or labor ; sluggishness ; laziness ; 
idleness. 3. An animal, so called from the remarkable 
slowness of his motions. 

* SLOTH, 7). i. To be idle. Gower. 

* SLOTH'FUL, a. Inactive ; sluggish ; lazy ; indolent ; idle. 

* SLOTII'FUL-LY, adv. Lazily ; sluggishly ; idly. 
*SLOTH'FyL-NESS, 77. The indulgence of sloth ; inactiv- 
ity ; the habit of idleness ; laziness. 

t SL0T''1*ER-Y, a. [G. schlotterig.] 1. Squalid ; dirty ; slut- 
tish ; untrimmed. 2. Foul ; wet. 

SLOUCH, 71. 1. A hanging down ; a depression of the head 
or of some other part of the body ; an ungainly, clownish 
gait. 2. An awkward, heavy, clownish fellow. 

SLOUCH, V. i. To hang down ; to have a downcast, clown- 
ish look, gait or manner. Chesterfield. 

SLOUCH, V. t. To depress ; to cause to hang down. 

SLOUCH'ING, ppr. ] . Causing to hang down. 2. a. Hang- 
ing down ; walking heavily and awkwardly. 

SLOUGH, (slow) 71. [Sax, slog.] I, A place of deep mud 
or mire ; a hole full of mire, 2. [pron. stuff.] Tiie skin 
or cast skin of a serpent, 3. [pron, sluff.] The part that 
separates from a foul sore. 

SLOUGH, (sluff) V. i. To separate from the sound flesh ; to 
come off ; as the matter formed over a sore, — To slough 
off, to separate from the living parts, as the dead part in 
mortific'ition 

SLOUGHY, (slow'y) a. Full of sloughs; miry. Swift. 

SLOUM. See Sloom. 

SL6VEN,77. [H . slof, sloffen.] A man careless of his dress, 
or negligent of cleanliness ; a man habitually negligent of 
neatness and order. 

FL6VEN-LI-NESS, 71 1, Negligence of dress ; habitual 
wane of cleanliness, 2, Neglect of order and neatness, 

SLoV'EN-LY, a. 1. Negligent of dress or neatness. 2. 
Loose : disorderly ; not neat. 

SL6V'EN-LY, adv. In a careless, inelegant manner. 

|- SLoV'EN-RY, 7i. Negligence of order or neatneiJis ; dirti- 
ness. 

SL6W, a. [Sax. slaw ; Dan. slov.] 1, Moving a small dis- 
tance in a long tune ; not swift ; not quick in motion ; 
not rapid. 2. Late ; not happening in a short time 3. 
Not ready: not prompt or quick. 4, Dull; inactive; 
tardy. 5. Not hasty ; not precipitate ; acting with delib- 



eration. 6. Dull ; heavy in wit. 7. Behind lu time ; In 
dicating a time later than the true time. 8. Not advanc- 
ing, growing or improving rapidly. 

SLo W is used in composition to modify other words. 

jSLoW, as a verb, to delay. Shak. 

fSLQW, 71. [Sax.sZJw.] A moth. Chaucer. 

SLoW'BACK, 71. A lubber ; an idle fellow ; a loiterer. 

SLoW'LY, adv. 1. With moderate motion : not rapidly ; 
not with velocity or celerity. 2. Not soon ; not early ; 
not in a little time ; not with hasty advance. 3. Not 
hastily ; not rashly ; not with precipitation. 4. Not 
promptly ; not readily. 5. Tardily ; with slow progress. 

SLOWNESS, 77. 1. Moderate motion ; want of speed or 
velocity. 2, Tardy advance ; moderate progression, 3. 
Dullness to admit conviction or affection. 4. W^ant of 
readiness or promptness ; dullness of intellect. 5. Delib- 
eration ; coolness ; caution in deciding. 6. Dilator'oess ; 
tardiness. 

SLOW-WORM, or SLoE'-WoRM, n. An insect found on 
the leaves of the sloe-tree, which often changes its skin 
and assumes different colors. 

SLoW'-WoRM, n. [Sax. slaw-wyrm.] A kind of viper, 
the blind-worm, scarcely venomous. 

SLUB'BER, V. t. To do lazily, imperfectly or coarsely ; to 
daub ; to stain ; to cover carelessly, [Little used.] 

SLUB'BER-DE-GULL'ION, 77. A mean, dirty, sorry 
wretch. Hudibras. 

SLUB'BER-ING-LY, adv. In a slovenly manner. [Vulgar.] 

SLUDGE, n. [Sax. slog.] Mud ; mire : soft mud. 

SLUDS, n. Among miners, half roasted ore. 

SLuE, V. t. In seamen's language, to turn any thing coni- 
cal or cylindrical, &c. about its axis without removing it j 
to turn. 

SLUG, 71. [W. llag.J 1. A drone ; a slow, heavy, lazy 
fellow. 2. A hinderance; obstruction. 3. A kind of 
snail. 4. [qu. Sax, sloca.] A cyhndrical or oval piece of 
metal, used for the charge of a gun, 

fSLUG, V. i. To move slowly ; to lie idle. Spenser. 

t SLUG, V. t. To make sluggish. Milton. 

t SLUG'A-BED, n. One who indulges in lying abed. Shak. 

SLUG'GARD, n. [slug and ard.] A person habitually lazy, 
idle and inactive ; a drone, Dryden. 

SLUG'GARD, a. Sluggish ; lazy, Dryden. 

SLUG'GARD-IZE, v. t. To make lazy, [Little used.] Shak. 

SLUG'GISH, a. 1, Habitually idle and lazy; slothful; 
dull ; inactive, 2, Slow ^ having little motion, 3. Inert ; 
inactive ; having no power to move itself. 

SLUG'GISH-LY, adv. Lazily ; slothfully ; drowsily ; idly ; 
slowly. Milton. 

SLUG'GISH-NESS, 7i. 1. Natural or habitual indolence or 
laziness ; sloth ; dullness ; applied to persons. 2. Inert- 
ness ; want of power to move. 3. Slowness. 

t SLUG'GY, a. Sluggish. Chaucer. 

SLUICE, ) 71. [D. sluis ; G. schleuse ; Sw.sluss ; Dan. sluse ; 

SLUSE, \ Fr. ecluse.] 1. The stream of water issuing 
through a flood-gate ; or the gate itself. 2. An opening ; a 
source of supply ; that through which any thing flows. 

SLUICE, ) V. t. To emit by flood-gates, [Little used.] Mil- 

SLUSE, \ ton. 

SLtJI'CY, \ a. Falling in streams as from a sluice. Dry- 

SLtJ'SY, \ den. 

SLUM'BER, V. i. [Sax. slumerian ; D. sluimeren.] 1 To 
sleep lightly ; to doze. 2. To sleep. 3. To be in a state 
of negligence, sloth, supineness or inactivity. 

SLUM'BER, v.t. 1. To lay to sleep. 2. To stun ; to stu- 
pify ; [little v^ed.] Spenser. Wotton. 

SLUM'BER, 77. 1. Light sleep ; sleep not deep or sound. 
2. Sleep ; repose. Dryden. 

SLUM'BMl-ER, n. One that slumbers, 

SLUM'BER-ING, ppr. Dozing ; sleeping, 

SLUM'BER-OUS, ) a. 1. Inviting or causing sleep ; sopo- 

SLUM'BER-Y, \ riferous 2. Sleepy ; not waking. 

SLUMP, V. i. [G. schlump ; Dan,, Sw. slump.] To fall or 
sink suddenly into water or mud, when walking on a 
hard surface, as on ice or frozen ground, not strong 
enough to bear the person. [This -word is in common use 
in JVew England.] 

SLUNG, pret. and pp. of sling. 

SIAINK, pret. and pp. of slink. 

SLUR, V. t. [D, slordig.] 1. To soil ; to sully; to contam- 
inate ; to disgrace. 2. To pass lightly ; to conceal, 3 
To cheat ; to trick ; [unusual.] — 4, In music, to sing or 
perform in a smooth, gliding style, 

SLUR, 71, 1, Properly, a black mark ; hence, slight re- 
proach or disgrace, — 2, In music, a mark connecting 
notes, 

SLUSE, a more correct orthography of sluice- 

SLUSH, 71, Soft mud, or a soft mixture of filthy substances 
[This may be the Eng. slutck.] 

SLUT, n. [D, slet, a slut, a rag ; G, schlotterig, negligent, 
slovenly,] 1. A woman who is negligent of cleaulinesa 
and dress. 2. A name of slight contempt for a woman. 

SLUT'TER-Y, ti. The qualities of a slut ; more generally, 
the practice of a slut ; dirtiness 



* See Synopsis. A, E I, O, tJ, Y. Ims.—FkB FALL, WHAT ;— PBgY •,— PIN, MARINE, BlRD 5 - t Obsoleu 



SMA 



765 



SMI 



SLUT'TISH, a. 1. Not neat or cleanly ; dirty ; careless of 
dress and neatness ; disorderly. 2. Disorderly ; dirty. 3 
Meretricious : [little iised.] 

SLUT'TISH-LY, adv. In a sluttish manner ; negligently ; 
dirtily. 

SLUT'TISH-NESS, n. The qualities or practice of a slut ; 
negligence of dress ; dirtiness of dress, furniture, and in 
domestic affairs generally. 

SLY, a. [G, sclilau ; Dan. slue.] 1. Artfully dextrous in 
performing things secretly and escaping observation or 
detection ; usually implying some degree of meanness ; 
artfully cunning. 2. Done with artful and dextrous se- 
crecy. 3. Marked with artful secrecy. 4, Secret ; con- 
cealed . 

SLy'-BOOTS, n. A sly, cunviing or waggish person. [Low.] 

SLY'LY, SL-S-'NESS. See Slily, Sliness. 

SMACK, V. i. [W. ysmac ; Sax. smcBccan : D. smaaken.] 1. 
To kiss with a close compression of the lips, so as to make 
a sound when they separate ; to kiss with violence. 2. 
To make a noise by the separation of the lips after tasting 
any tning. 3. To have a taste ; to be tinctured with any 
particular taste. 4. To have a tmcture or quality infused. 

SMACK, V. t. 1. To kiss with a sharp noise. 2, To make 
a sharp noise with the lips. 3. To make a sharp noise 
by striking ; to crack. 

SMACK, n. 1. A loud kiss. 2. A quick, sharp noise, as of 
the lips or of a whip. 3. Taste ; savor ; tincture. 4. 
Pleasing taste. 5. A quick, smart blow. 6. A small 
quantity ; a taste. 7. [D. smakscliip.] A small vessel, 
used in the coasting and fishing trade. 

SMALL, a. [Sax. snicBl, smal ; G. schmal : D. smal ; Dan. 
smal.] 1. Slender; thin; fine; of little diameter; hence, 
in general, little in size or quantity ; not great. 2. Mi- 
nute ; slender ; fine. 3. Little in degree. 4. Being of 
little moment, weight or importance. 5. Of little genius 
or ability; petty. 6. Short; containing little. 7. Little 
in amount. 8. Containing little of the principal quality, 
or little strength ; weak. 9. Gentle ; soft ; not loud. 10. 
Mean ; base ; unworthy ; [colloquial.] 

SMALL, n. The small or slender part of a thing. Sidney. 

t SMALL, V. t. To make little or less. 

SMALL' AGE, 71. A plant, water-parsley. 

SMALL'-BEEB n. [small and beer.] A species of weak 
beer. 

SMALL'-CoAL, n. Little wood coals used to light fires. 

SMALL'-CRAFT, n. A vessel, or vessels in general, of a 
small size, or below the size of ships and brigs. 

SMALL'ISH, a. Somewhat small. Chaucer. 

SMALL'NESS, n. 1. Littleness of size or extent ; littleness 
of quantity. 2. Littleness in degree. 3. Littleness in 
force or strength ; weakness. 4. Fineness ; softness ; 
melodiousness. 5. Littleness in amount or value. 6. 
Littleness of importance ; inconsiderableness. 

SMALL-POX', n. [sviall and jpox, pocks.] A very conta- 
gious disease, characterized by an eruption of pustules on 
the skin ; the variolous disease. 

SMAL'LY, (smawl'ly) adv. In a little quantity or degree ; 
with minuteness. [Little used."] Ascham. 

SMALT, n. [D. smelten ; Dan. smelter.] A beautiful blue 
glass of cobalt, flint and potash fused together. 

SMAR'AGD, n. [Gr. anapaySos.] The emerald. 

SMA-RAG'DlNE, a. [L. srrmragdinus.] Pertaining to em- 
erald ; consisting of emerald, or resembling it ; of an em- 
erald green. 

SMA-RAG'DITE, n. A mineral. Ure. 

SM AR'IS, n. A fish of a dark green color. 

SMART, n. [D. srne-rt ; G. schmerz ; Dan. smerte.] 1. 
Cluick, pungent, lively pain ; a pricking, local pain, as the 
pain from puncture by nettles. 2. Severe, pungent pain 
of mind ; pungent grief. 

SMART, V. i. [Sax. smeortan ; D. smcrten.] 1. To feel a 
lively, pungent pain, particularly, a pungent local pain 
from some piercing or irritating application. 2. To feel a 
pungent pain of mind ; to feel sharp pain. 3. To be pun- 
ished ; to bear penalties or the evil consequences of any 
thing. 

SMART, a. 1. Pungent ; pricking ; causing a keen local 
pain. 2. Keen ; severe ; poignant. 3. Quick ; vigorous ; 
sharp ; severe. 4. Brisk ; fresh. 5. Acute and pertinent ; 
witty. 6. Brisk ; vivacious. 

SMART, 71. A cant word for a fellow that affects briskness 
and vivacity. 

f SMART'EN, V. t. To make smart. 

f SMAR'TLE, V. i. To waste away. Ray. 

SMART'LY, adv. 1. With keen pain. 2. Briskly ; sharply ; 
wittily. 3. Vigorously ; actively. 

SMART'NESS, n. 1. The quality of being smart or pun- 
gent ; poignancy. 2. Quickness ; vigor. 3. Liveliness ; 
briskness ; vivacity ; wittiness. 

SMART'-WEED, n. A name given to arsmart. 

SMASH, V. t. [probably mash, with a prefix.] To break in 
nieces by violence ; to dash to pieces ; to crush. [ Vulgar.] 
Burke. 

\ SMATCH, V. i. To have a taste. Banister. 



SMATCH.n. [corrupted from smocfc.] I. Taste; tincture; 
[vulgar.] 2. A bird. 

SMATTEK,*). i. [qu. Dan. 577iaf/:er.] 1. To talk superficially 
or ignorantly. 2. To have a slight taste, or a slight, super- 
ficial knowledge. 

SMAT'TER, 71. Slight, superficial knowledge. 

SMAT'TER-ER, n. One who has only a slight, superficial 
knowledge. Swi^'t. 

SMA'i TER-ING, n. A slight, superficial knowledge. 

SMeAR, v. t. [Sax. smerian, smirian ; D. smeeren ; G 
schmieren ; Ir. smearam.] 1. To overspread with any 
thing unctuous, viscous or adhesive ; to besmear • to daub 
2._To soil ; to contaminate ; to pollute. 

SMeAR, n. A fat, oily substance ; ointment. [L. u.] 

SMEARED, pf. Overspread with soft or oily matter • 
soHed. 

SMeAR'ING, ppr. Overspreading with any thing soft and 
oleaginous ; soiling. 

SMeAR' Y, a. That smears or soils; adhesive. [L. u.] 
Rowe. 

SMeATH, 7i. A sea fowl. 

SMECTITE, 71. An argillaceous earth. 

t SMEETH, v. t. To smoke. 

SMEETH, v. t. To smooth. J^orth cf England. 

SMEG-MAT'IC, a. [Gr. cr/iijy/xa.j Being of the nature of 
soap ; soapy ; cleansing ; detersive. 

SMELL, V. t. ; pret. and pp. smellcd, smelt. To perceive by 
the nose, or by the olfactory nerves ; to have a sensation 
excited in certain organs of the nose by particular quali- 
ties of a body, which are transmitted in fine panicles, 
often from a distance. — To smell out, is a low phrase sig- 
nifying to find out by sagacity. — To smell a rat, is a low 
phrase signifying to suspect strongly. 

SMELL, V. i. 1. To affect the olfactory nerves ; to have an 
odor or particular scent. 2. To have a particular tincture 
or smack of any quality. 3. To practice smelling. 4. To 
exercise sagacity. 

SMELL, n. 1 . The sense or faculty by which certain qual- 
ities of bodies are perceived through the instrumentality 
of the olfactory nerves ; or the faculty of perceiving by 
the organs of the nose ; one of the five senses. 2. Scent j 
odor ; the quality of bodies which affects the olfactory 
organs. 

SMELLED, or SMELT, ;>rei. and pp. of smell. 

SMELL'ER, 71. One that smells. 

SMELL'FeAST, n. One that is apt to find and frequent 
good tables ; an epicure ; a parasite. 

SMELT. See Smelled. 

SMELT, 71. [Sax.] A small fish that is very delicate food. 

SMELT, V. t. [D. smelten ; G. schmelzen ; Dan. smelter.] 
To melt, as ore, for the purpose of separating the metal. 

SMELTED, pp. Melted for the extraction of the metal. 

SMELT'ER, 71. One that melts ore. 

SMELT'ER-Y, n. A house or place for smelting ores. 

SMELT'ING, ppr. Melting, as ore. 

SMELT'ING, n. The operation of melting ores for the pur- 
pose of extracting the metal. 

SMERK, V. i. [Sax. sinercian.] 1. To smile affectedly or 
wantonly. 2. To look affectedly soft or kind. 

SMERK, n. An affected smile. 

'^MFRK'V I ^' ^^'^^ 3 smart ; janty. Spenser. 

SMER'LIN, 77,. A fish. Jiinsworth. 

SMEW, 77. An aquatic fowl, the mergus albellus. 

SMICK'ER, V. i. [Sw. smickra ; Dan. smigrer.] To sraerk ; 
to look amorously or wantonly. 

SMICK'ER-ING, ppr. Smerking ; smiling affectedly. 

SMICK'ER-ING, 77. An affected smile or amorous look. 

fSMICK'ET, 77. Dim. of S7J70C&. 

fSMID'DY, 71. [Sax. smiththa.] A smithery or smith's 
workshop. 

SMIGHT, for smite, in Spenser, is a mistake. 

SMILE, V. i. [Sw. smila ; Dan. sviiler.] 1. To contract the 
features of the face in such a manner as to express pleas- 
ure, moderate joy, or love and kindness. 2. To express 
slight contempt by a smiling look, implying sarcasm or 
pity ; to sneer. 3. To look gay and joyous : or to have 
an appearance to excite joy. 4. To be propitious or favor- 
able ; to favor ; to countenance. 

SMILE, V. t. To awe with a contemptuous smile. 

SMILE, 77. 1. A peculiar contraction ol the features of the 
face, which naturally expresses pleasure, moderate joy, 
approbation or kindness. 2. Gay or joyous appearance. 
3. Favor ; countenance ; propitiousness. 

SMiL'ER, n. One who smiles. 

SMIL'ING, ppr. Having a smile on the countenance ; look- 
ing joyous or gay ; looking propitious. 

SMiL'ING-LY, adv. With a look of pleasure. 

t SMILT, for smelt. 

SMIRCH, V. t. [from murk, murky.] To cloud ; to dusk ■ 
to soil. [Low_J Shak. 

SMIRK, V. i. To look affectedly soft or kind See Smerk. 

SMIT, sometimes used for smitten. See Smite. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, DoVE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



SMO 



766 



SNA 



SMITE, V. t. ', pret. smote ; pp. smitten, sm'd. [Sax. sviitcm ; 
D. smyttn.] ]. To strike 5 to throw, drive or force against, 
33 the fist or hand, a stone or a weapon. 2. To kill ; to 
destroy the life of by beating or by weapons of any kind . 
3. To blast ; to destroy life ; as by a stroke or by some- 
thuig sent. 4. To afflict 3 to chasten ; to punish. 5. To 
strike or affect with passion . 

SMITE, V. i. To strike ; to C(/ilide. 

SMITE, 71. A blow. [Local.] 

SMiT'EE, 71. One who SQiites or strikes. 

SMITH, n. [Sax. smith i Dan., Sw. smed j D. smit ; G. 
schmied.] 1, Literally, the striker, the beater; hence, 
one who forges with the hammer; one who works in 
metals; as, an iron-smit/i,&G. 2. He that makes or ef- 
fects any thing. 

f SMITH, V. t. [Sax. smithian.] To beat into shape; to 
forge. Chaucer. 

SMITH'-eRAFT, 71. [smith and craft.] The art or occupa- 
tion of a smith. [Little Tised.] Raleigh. 

SMITH'ER-Y, 71. 1. The workshop of a smith. 2. Work 
done by a smith. Burke. 

SMITH'IIVG, 71. The act or art of working a mass of iron 
into the intended shape. Moxon. 

t SMITH' Y, n. [Sas. smiththa.] The shop of a smith. 

SMITT, 71. The finest of the clayey ore made up into balls, 
used for marking sheep. Woodward. 

SMIT'TEN, (smit'n) pp. of smite. ^ Struck ; killed. 2. 
Aflected with some passion ; excited by beauty or some- 
thing impressive. 

SMIT'TLE, V. t. To infect. [Local.] Grose. 

SMIT TLE, / T ^ .• 

SMIT'TT;ISH, \ "■ infectious. 

SMO€K, 71. [Sax. smoc] 1. A shift; a chemise; a woman's 
under garment. — 2. In composition, it is used for female, 
or what relates to wi.men. 

SJMOCK'-FaCED, a. Pale-faced ; maidenly ; having a fem- 
j]iine countenance or complexion. 

SMO€K'-FRO€K, ?i. [smock and frock.] A gaberdine. 

SMO€K'LESS, a. Wanting a smock. Chaucer. 

SMOKE, 71. [Sax. smoca, smcc, smic ; G. schmauch ; D. 
smook.] 1. The exhalation, visible vapor or substance 
that escapes or is expelled in cc^tibuslion from the sub- 
stance burning. 2. Vapor ; watery exhalations. 

SMOKE, V. i. [Sax. smocian, smecan, smican ; Dan. smoger ,- 
D. smooken.] 1. To emit smoke ; to throw off volatile 
matter in the form of vapor or exhalation. 2. To burn ; 
to be kindled ; to rage ; in Scripture. 3. To raise a dust 
or smoke by rapid motion. 4. To smell or hunt out ; to 
suspect ; [I. u.] 5. To use tobacco in a pipe or cigar. 6. 
To sufler ; to be punished. 

SMOKE, V. t. 1. To app!y smoke to; to hang in smoke ; 
to scent, medicate or dry by smoke. 2. To smell out ; to 
find out ; [I. u.] 3. To sneer at ; to ridicule to the face. 

SMOKED^ pp_. Cured, cleansed or dried in smoke. 

SMoKE'DRY, v. t. To dry by smoke. Mortimer. 

SMoKE'-JA€K, 71. An engine for turning a spit. 

SMoKE'LESS, a. Having no smoke. Pope. 

SMoK'ER, 7i. 1. One that dries by smoke. 2. One that 
uses tobacco by burning it in a pipe or in the form of a 
cigar. 

SMoK'I-LY, adv. So as to be full of smoke. Sherwood. 

SMoK'ING, ppr. 1. Emitting smoke, as fuel, &c. 2. Ap- 
plying smoke for cleansing, drying, &c. 3. Using tobac- 
co^ in a pipe or cigar. 

SMoK'IXG, n. 1. The act of emitting smoke. 2. The act 
of applying smoke to. 3. The act or practice of using to- 
bacco by burning it in a pipe or cigar. 

SMoK'Y, a. 1. Emitting smoke ; "fumid. 2. Having the 
appearance or nature of smoke. 3. Filled with smoke, or 
with a vapor resembling it ; thick. 4. Subject to be filled 
with smoke from the chimneys or fire-places. 5. Tar- 
nished with smoke; noisome with smoke. 

SMoL'DER-ING. The more correct orthography of smoul- 
deruifT, which see. 

tSMOOR, or tSMORE, 7;. f. [Sax. s^noraji.] To suffocate 
or smother. More. 

SMOOTH, a. [Sax. smethe, smoeth ; W . esmwyth.] 1. Hav- 
ing an even surface, or a surface so even that no rough- 
ness or points are perceptible to the touch ; not rough. 
2. Evenly spread; glossy. 3. Gently flowing; moving 
equably; not ruffled or undulating. 4. That is uttered 
without stops, obstruction or hesitation ; voluble ; even ; 
not harsh. 5. Bland ; mild ; soothing ; flattering.— 6. In 
botany, glabrous; having a slippery surface void of rough- 
ness. 

SMOOTH, 71. That which is smooth ; the smooth part of 
any thing; as, the smooth of the neck. Gen. xxvii. 

SMOOTH, 1'. t. [Sax. smetJdan.] 1. To make smooth : to 
make even on the surface by any means. 2. To free 
from obstruction ; to make easy. 3. To free from harsh- 
ness ; to make flowing. 5. To" palliate; to soften. 6. To 
ca!m ; to mollify ; to allay 7. To ease. 8. To flatter; 
lo soften with blandishments. 

SMOOTHED, pp. Made smooth. 



SMOOTHTEN, for smooth, is used by mechanics, though 
not, I believe, in the United States. 

SMOOTH'ER, 71. One who smooths or frees from harshness. 
Bp. Percy. 

SMOOTH'-FaCED, a. Having a mild, soft look. 

SMOOTH'LY, adv. 1. Evenly; not roughly or harshly. 
2. \Yith even flow or motion. 3. Without obstruction or 
difficulty ; readily ; easily. 4. With soft, bland, insin- 
uating language. 

SMOOTH'NESS, 71. 1. Evenness of surface ; freedom 
from roughness or asperity. 2. Softness or mildness to 
the palate. 3. Softness and sweetness of numbers ; easy 
flow of words. 4. Mildness or gentleness of speech • 
blandness of address. 

SMOTE, pret. of smite. 

SMoTH'ER, V. t. [alUed, perhaps, to Ir. smuid, smoke.] 1 
To suftbcate or extinguish life by causing smoke or dust 
to enter the lungs ; to stifle. 2. To suffocate or extinguish 
by closely covering, and by the exclusion of air. 3. To 
suppress ; to stifle. 

SMoTH'ER, V. i. 1. To be suffocated. 2. To be suppress- 
ed or concealed. 3. To smoke without vent. 

SMoTH'ER, 71. 1. Smoke ; thick dust. Dryden. 2. A state 
of suppression ; [obs.] Bacon. 

t SMOUCH, V. t. To salute. Stubbes. 

SMoUL'DER-ING, ) a. Burning and smoking without vent 

SMOUL'DRY, \ Dryden. 

SMUDGE, 71. A suffocating smoke. Grose. JVorth of Eng . 

SMUG, «. [Bain, smuk ; G. smuck] Nice; neat; affected 
ly nice in dress. [J\'oi in use, or local.] 

t SMUG, V. t. To make spruce ; to dress with affected neat- 
ness. Chaucer. 

S^MUGGLE, 7;. t. [Sw. smyga ; D. smokkelen.] 1. To im- 
port or export secretly goo^s which are forbidden by the 
government to be imported or exported ; or secretly to im- 
port or export dutiable goods without paying the duties 
imposed by law ; to run. 2. To convey clandestinely. 

SMUG'GUED, pp. Imported or exported clandestinely and 
contrarv to law. 

SI'.IUG'GLER, 71. ]. One that smuggles. 2. A vessel em- 
ployed in running goods. 

SMUG'GLING, ppr. Importing or exporting goods contrary 
to law. 

SMUG'GLTNG, 71. The offense of importing or exporting 
prohibited goods, or other goods without paying the cus- 
toms. 

t SMUG'LY, otZi'. Neatly; sprucely. Gay. 

t SMUG'NESS, 71. Neatness; spniceness without elegance. 

SMu'LY, a. Looking smoothly ; demure Cumberland. 

SMUT, 71. [Bar), smuds ; Sdx. smitta ; B. smet.] 1. A spot 
made with soot or coal ; or the foul matter itself. 2. A 
foul, black substance which forms on com. 3. Obscene 
language. 

SMUT, i\ f. 1. To stain or mark with smut; to blacken 
with coal, soot or other dirty substance. 2. To taint with 
mildew. 3. To blacken ; to tarnish. 

SMUT, V. i. To gather smut; to be converted into smut. 

SMUTCH, V. t. To blacken with smoke, soot or coal. 

SMUT'TI-LY, adv. 1. Blackly ; smokily ; foully. 2. With 
obscene language. 

SMUT'TI-NESS, 71. 1. Soil from smoke, soot, coal or 
smut. 2. Obsceneness of language. 

SMUT'TY, a. 1. Soiled with smut, coal, soot or the like. 
2. Tainted with mildew. 3. Obscene ; not modest 01 
pure. 

SNACK, 71. 1. A share. 2. A slight, hasty repast. 

SNACK'ET, or SNECK'ET, 71. The hasp of a casement. 
[Local.] Sherwood. 

SNAC'OT, 71. [L. acMS.] A fish. Ainsicorth. 

SNAF'FLE, 71. [B. sneh,snavel.] A bridle consisting of a 
slender bitmouth without branches. 

SNAF'FLE, V. t. To bridle ; to manage with a bridle. 

SNAG, 71. 1. A short branch, or a sharp or rough branch ; 
a shoot ; a knot. Dryden. 2. A tooth, in contempt ; or a 
tooth projecting beyond the rest. 

SNAG, V. t To hew roughly with an axe. J^Torth of Eng. 

SNAG'GED, \ a. Full of snags ; full of short, rough branches 

SNAG'GY, \ or sharp points ; abounding with knots. 

SNaIL, 71. [Sax. snagel, sncgel ; Sw. snigel ; Ban. snegel.] 
1. A slimy, slow-creeping animal, of the genus helix. 2 
A drone; a slow-moving person. Shak. 

SNaIL'-€La-VER, or SNaIL'-TRe-FOIL, 71. A plant 
of the genus medicago. 

SNaIL'-FLOW-ER, 71. A plant of the genus phaseolus. 

SNaIL'-LiKE, a. Resembling a snail ; moving very 
slowlv. 

SNaIL'-LiKE, adv. In the manner of a snail ; slowly. 

SNAKE, 71. [Sax. snaca ; Dan. snog ; G. schnake.] A sei- 
pent of the oviparous kind. 

SNAKE, V. t. In seamen^s language, to wind a small rope 
round a large one spirally, the small rope lying in the 
spaces between the strands of the large one. 

SNaKE'ROOT, 77. [snake and root.] A plant. 

SNaKE'S'-HEAD I'RIS, 71. A plant. Lee. 



* See Shjv-ojysis. A, U, I, O, V, Y, iovg.— FAR, FALL, WHAT •,— PREY ;— HN, MARINE. BiRD 5— f Obsolete 



SNE 



767 



SNO 



bNlKE'WEED, n. A plant, bistort» 

SNaKE'WOOD, n. [snakeand wood.'] The smaller branches 
of a tree growing iu the isle of Timor. 

SNaK'INGj j^pr. Winding small ropes spirally round a large 
one. 

SNaK'Y, a. 1. Pertaining to a snake or to snakes ; resem- 
bling a snake j serpentine 5 winding. 2. Sly 5 cunning J 
insinuating ; deceitful. 3. Having serpents. 

SNAP, V. t. [D. snappen, snaawen ; G. sclinappcn ; Dan. 
snapper.] 1. To break at once ; to break short. 2. To 
strike with a sharp sound 3. To bite or seize suddenly 
with the teeth. 4. To break upon suddenly with sharp, 
angry words. 5. To crack. — To snap off. 1. To break sud- 
denly. 2. To bite off suddenly. — To snap one up, to snap 
one up short, to treat with sharp words. 

SNAP, V. i. 1. To break short ; to part asunder suddenly. 
2. To make an effort to bite 5 to aim to seize with the 
teeth. 3. To utter sharp, harsh, angry words. 

SNAP, n. 1. A sudden breaking or rupture of any sub- 
stance. 2. A sudden, eager bite ; a sudden seizing or 
effort to seize with the teeth. 3. A crack of a whip. 4. 
A greedy fellow. 5. A catch ; a theft. 

SNAP'-DRAG-ON, 71. 1, A plant, calf 's-snout. 2. A play 
in which raisins are snatched from burning brandy and 
put into the mouth. 3. The thing eaten at snap-dragon. 

SNAPE, V. t. Used in the JVurtli of England for sneap. 

SNAP'HANCE, 71. A kind of firelock. Shelton. 

SNAPPED, ;;;;. Broken abruptly 3 seized or bitten sudden- 
ly ; cracked, as a whip. 

SNAP'PER, n. One that snaps. Shak. 

SNAP'PISH, a. 1. Eager to bite ; apt to snap. 2. Peev- 
ish ; sharp in reply ; apt to speak angrily or tartly. 

SNAP'PISH-LY, adv. Peevishly ; angrily ; tartly. 

SNAP'PISH-NESS, n. The quality of being snappish ; peev- 
ishness ; tartness. 

SNAP'SACK, 7!. A knapsack. [Vulgar.] 

t SNaR, v. i. To snarl. Spenser. 

SNARE, n. [Dan. snare ; Sw. sjiara ; Dan. snore.] 1. An 
instrument for catching animals, particularly fowls, by 
the leg. 2. Any thing by which one is entangled • and 
brought into trouble. 1 Cor. vii. 

SNARE, V. t. [Dan. snarer.] To catch with a snare ; to 
ensnare ; to entangle ; to bring into unexpected evil. 

SNaRED, pp. Entangled ; unexpectedly involved in diffi- 
culty. 

SNaR'ER, n. One who lays snares, or entangles. 

SNaR'ING, ppr. Entangling; ensnaring. 

SNARL, V. t. [G. schnarreni D. snar.] 1. To growl, as 
an angry or surly dog ; to gnarl ; to utter grumUing 
sounds. 2. To speak roughly : to talk in rude, murmur- 
ing terms. 

SNaRL, t'. i. 1. To entangle; to complicate; to involve 
in knots. 2. To embarrass. 

SNaRL, n. Entanglement ; a knot or complication of hair, 
thread, &c., which it is difficult to disentangle. 

SNaRL'ER, 71. One who snarls ; a surly, growling animal ; 
a grumbling, quarrelsome fellow. Sicift. 

SNaRL'ING, ppr. 1. Growling ; grumbling angrily. 2. 
Entangling. 

SNaR'Y, a. Entangling; insidious. Dryden. 

t SNAST, n. [G. schnautze.] The snuffof a candle. 

SNATCH, V. t. ; pret. and pp. snatched, or snatcht. [D. 
snakken.] 1. To seize hastily or abruptly. 2. To seize 
without permission or ceremony. 3. To seize and trans- 
port away. 

SNATCH, V. i. To catch at ; to attempt to seize suddenly, 

SNATCH, 71. 1. A hasty catch or seizing. 2. A catching 
at or attempt to seize suddenly. 3. A short fit of vigorous 
action. 4. A broken or interrupted action ; a short fit or 
turn. 5. A shuffling answer; [l.u.] 

SNATCH'-BLOCK, n. A particular kind of block used in 
ships, having an opening in one side to receive the bight 
of a rope. 

SNATCHED, pp. Seized suddenly and violently. 

SNATCH'ER, n. One that snatches or takes abruptly. 
Shak. 

SNATCH'ING, 2>pr. Seizing hastily or abruptly ; catch- 
ins at. 

SNATCH'ING-LY, adv. By snatching ; hastily ; abruptly. 

SNATH, 71. [Sax. snced ; Eng. snathe, sneath.] The handle 
of a sythe. JVetc England. 

t SNATHE, V. t. [Sax. snidan, snithan.] To lop ; to prune. 

SNATiTOCK, n. A chip; a slice. [L. u.] Gayton. 

SNeAK, v. i. [Sax. snican ; Dan. sniger.] 1. To creep or 
steal away privately ; to withdraw meanly, as a person 
afraid or ashamed to be seen. 2. To behave with mean- 
ness and servility ; to crouch ; to truckle. 
SNeAK, v. t. To hide. Wake. 

oNeAK, 71. A mean fellow. 

f SNeAK'-€UP. See Sneakup. 

SNeAK'ER, 71. A small vessel of drink. [Local.] Spectator. 

SNeAK'ING, ppr. 1. Creeping away slily ; stealing away. 
2. a. Mean ; servile ; crouching. Rowe. 3. Meanly par- 
simonious ; covetous ; niggardly. 



SNeAK'ING-LY, adv In a sneaking manner; meank 

Herbert. 6 j . 

SNeAK'ING-NESS, 71. Meanness ; niggardliness Boyle 

t SNeAKS'BY, n. A paltry fellow. Barrow. 

t SNeAK'UP, 71. A sneaking, cowardly, insidious fellow. 

tSNEAP, «. t. [Dan. s7iibbe.] 1. To check; to reprove 
abruptly; to reprimand. Chaucer. 2. To nip. Shak. 

t SNeAP, 71. A reprimand ; a check. Shak. 

SNEB, V. t. To check ; to reprimand. [The same an 
sneap.] 

SNED. See Snathe. 

SNEED, or SNE AD, 71. A snath. See Snath. 

SNEEK, n. The latch of a door. [JYot in use, or local.] 

SNEER, V. i. 1. To show contempt by turning up the nose, 
or by a particular cast of countenance. 2. To insinuate 
contempt by covert expression. 3. To utter with grimace 
4. To show mirth awkwardly. 

SNEER, V. t. To treat with a kind of contempt. Thyer. 

SNEER, 7Z. 1. A look of contempt, or a turning up of the 
nose to manifest contempt ; a look of disdain, derision or 
ridicule. Pope. 2. An expression of ludicrous scorn. 
Watts. 

SNEER'ER, n. One that sneers. 

t SNEER'FUL, a. Given to sneering. Shenstone. 

SNEER'ING, ppr. Manifesting contempt or scorn by turn- 
ing up tlie nose, or by some grimace or si<jnificant look. 

SNEER'ING-LY, adv. With a look of conte^'ipt or scorn. 

SNEEZE, V. i. [Sax. nicsan ; D. niezen ; G. niescn.] To 
emit air through the nose audibly and violentl/iby a kind 
of involuntary convulsive force, occasioned by irritation 
of the inner membrane of the nose. 

SNEEZE, n. A sudden and violent ejection of air through 
the nose with an audible sound. Milton. 

SNEEZE'-WoRT, n. A plant, a species of acMZ.°c. 

SNEEZ'ING, ppr. Emitting au from the nose audibly. 

SNEEZ'ING, 71. The act of ejecting air violently and audi 
bly through the nose ; sternutation. 

fSNELL, a. [Sax. s7;eZ.] Active; brisk; nimble. 

SNET, n. The fat of a deer. [Local among sportsmen.] 

fSNEW, old pret. of snow. Chaucer. 

SNEW, or SNuE, v. i. Used in the JVorth of England for 
sneer. 

SNIB, to nip or reprimand, is only a different spelling ol 
sneh, sneap. IInbberd''s Tale. 

t SNICK, 71. A small cut or mark ; a latch. 

t SNICK AND SNEE, A combat with knives. 

SNICK'ER, or SNIG'GER, v. i. [Sw. niugg.] To laugh 
slily ; or to laugh in one's sleeve. 

SNIFF, V. i. To draw air audibly up the nose. Swift. 

t SNIFF, V. t. To draw in with the breath. Todd. 

t SNIFF, n. Perception by the nose. Warton. 

SNIFT, 71. A moment. 

t SNIFT, v.i. To snort. 

SNIG, 77. Akmdofeel. [Local.] Grose. 

SNIG'GLE, V. i. To fish for eels, by thrusting the bait into 
their holes. [Local.] Walton. 

SNIG'GLE, T. f. To snare; to catch. Beaumont. 

SNIP, V. t. [D. snippen.] To clip; to cut off the nip or neb, 
or to cutioff at once with shears or scissors. 

SNIP, n. 1. A clip ; a single cut with shears or scissors. 2. 
A small shred. 3. Share ; a snack ; [a low word.] 

SNIPE, n. [D. snip.] 1. A bird that frequents wet places 
2. A fool ; a blockhead. 

SNIP'PER, 71. One that snips or clips. 

f SNIPPET, 71. A small part or share. Iludibras. ■ 

SNIP'-SNAP, 71. A cant word formed by repeating snap 
and signifying a tart dialogue with quick replies. Pope. 

t SNITE, n. [Sax.] A snipe. Careio. 

t SNITE, V. t. [Sax. snytan.] To blow the nose.— In Scot- 
land, suite the candle, snuff it. Grew. 

SNiTHE, or SNITH'Y, a. Sharp ; piercing ; cutting ; ap- 
plied to the tcind. 

SNIVEL, (sniv'l) n. [Sax, s7iofel.] Snot ; mucus running 
from the nose. 

SNIVEL, V. i. 1. To run at the nose. 2, To cry as chil 
dren, with snuffing or sniveling. 

SNIVEL-ER, n. 1. One that cries with sniveling. 2. 
One that weeps for slight causes, or manifests weakness 
by weeping. 

SNIVEL-Y, a. Running at the nose ; pitiful ; whining, 

SNOD, 71. [Sax,] A fillet. [JVot in use, or local.] 

SNOD, a. Trimmed ; smooth. [Local.] 

t SNOOK, V. i. [Sw. snoka.] To lurk , to lie in ambush. 

SNORE, 11. i, [Sax. snora ; D. snorken.] To breathe wiin a 
rough, hoarse noise in sleep. Roscommon. 

SNORE, n. A breathing with a harsh noise in sleep. 

SNoR'ER, 71, One that snores, 

SNoR'ING, ppr. Respiring with a harsh noise, 

SNORT, V. i. [G, schnarchen.] 1, To force the air with 
violence through the nose, so as to make a noise, as high- 
spirited hoi-ses in prancing and play. 2. To snore. 

SNORT, V. t. To turn up in anger, scorn or derision, 

SNORT'ER, n. One that snorts ; a snorer, 

SNORT'ING, jjpr. Forcing the air violently through the nose 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t ObsolaU 



so 



768 



SOB 



SNORTING, n. 1. The act of forcing the air through the 
nose with violence and noise. Jer. viii. 2. Act of snoring. 

SNOT, n. fSax. snote} D.snot; Dan. snot.] Mucus dis- 
charged from the nose. Srcift. 

SNOT, V. i. [Sax. snytan.'] To blow the nose. Sherwood. 

SNOT'TER, V. i. To snivel ; to sob. [Local.] arose. 

SNOT'TY", a. 1. Foul with snot. 2. Mean ; dirty. 

SWOUT, 71. [W. ysnid ; D. sr.d.it.] 1. The long projecting 
nose of a beast, as that of swine. 2. The nose of a man j 
in contempt. 3. The nozzle or end of a hollow pipe. 

SNOUT, V. t. To furnish with a nozzle or point. Camden. 

SNOUT'ED, a. Having a snout. Heylin. 

SNCUT'Y, a. Resembling a beast's snout. Otway. 

SNoW, 71. [Sax. snaw ; Goth, snaiws ; D. sneeuw ; G. schnee ; 
Dan. suae; Sw. sne.]. 1. Frozen vapor; watery particles 
congealed into white crystals in the air, and falling to the 
earth. 2. A vessel equipped with two masts, resembling 
the main and fore-masts of a ship, and a third small mast 
just abaft the main-mast carrying a try-sail. 

SNoW, V. i. [Sax. snawaii.] To fall in snow. 

SNoW,t;. t. To scatter like snow. Donne. 

SNoW'BALL, 71. [snow and ball.] A round mass of snow, 
pressed or rolled together. Dry den. 

SNoW'BALL-TEEE, n. A flowering shrub ; gelder rose. 

SNoW-BlRD, n. A small bird which appears in the time of 
snow, of the genus emberiza. 

SNoW'BROTH, n. [snow and broth.] Snow and water 
mixed ; very cold liquor. Shak. 

SNoWeROWNED, a. [snow and crown.] Crowned or 
having the top covered with snow. Drayton. 

SN6W DEEP, 71. [snow a.id derp.] A plant. 

SNoW'-DRIFT, 71. [snow and drift.] A bank of snow 
driven together by the wir j. 

SNoW'- DROP, 71. [snow and drop.] A pla"t bearing a 
white flower, cultivate^', m gardens for its beauty. 

SNoW'LESS, a. Destitute of snow. Tooke. 

SNoW'LiKE, a. Resembling snow. 

SNoW-SH5E, n. [s7iow and shoe.] A shoe or racket worn 
by men traveling on snow, to prevent their feet from sink- 
ing into the snow. 

SNOW-SLIP, 71. [snow and slip.] A large mass of snow 
which slips down the side of a mountain, and sometimes 
buries houses. Ooldsmith. 

SNoW'-WHITE, a. White as snow ; very white. 

SNOW'Y, a. 1. White like snow. 2. Abounding with 
snow ; covered with snow. 3. White ; pure ; unblemished. 

t SNUB, n. [D. sneb.] A knot or protuberance in wood ; 
a snag. Spenser. 

SNUB, V. t. 1. To nip ; to clip or break otF the end. 2. To 
check ; to reprimand ; to check, slop or rebuke with a 
tart, sarcastic reply or remark. 

t SNUB, V. i. [G. schnauben.] To sob with convulsions. 

SNUB'-NOSE, n. A short or flat nose. 

SNUB'-NoSED, a. Having a short, flat nose. 

t SNUD6E, V. i. [Dan. sniger.] To lie close ; to snug. 

\ SNUDGE, n. A raiser, or a sneaking fellow. 

SNUFF, 71. [D. snuf.] I. The burning part of a candle 
wick, or that which has been charred by the flame, 
whether burning or not. 2. A candle almost burnt out. 
3. Pulverized tobacco, taken or prepared to be taken into 
the nose. 4. Resentment ; huff", expressed by a snuffing 
of the nose. 

SNUFF, V. t. [D. snuffen : G. schnupfen.] 1. To draw in 
with the breath ; to inhale. 2. To scent ; to smell ; to 
perceive by the nose. 3. To crop the snuff", as of a can- 
dle ; to take off" the end of the snuff". 

SNUFF, V. i. 1. To snort ; to inhcile air with violence or 
with noise ; as dogs and horses. 2. To turn up the nose 
and inhale air in contempt. Mai. ii. 3. To take off"ense. 

SNUFF'BOX, 71. A box for carrying snuff" about the person. 

SNUFF'ER, 71. One that snuff"s. 

SNUFF'ERS, 71. plu An instrument for cropping the snuff" 
of a candle. 

SNUF'FLE, V. i. [D. snuffelen ; G. niiffeln.] To speak 
through the nose ; to breathe hard through the nose, or 
through the nose when obstructed. 

SNUF'FLER n. One that snuflBes or speaks through the 
nose when obstructed. 

SNUF-'FLES, n. Obstruction of the nose by mucus. 

SNUF'FLING, n. A speaking through the nose. Swift. 

SNUFF'TaK-ER, 71. One that takes snuff", or inhales it 
into the nose. 

SNUFF'Y, a. Soiled with snuff". 

SNUG, V. i. [Dan. sniger ; Sax. snican.] To lie close. 

SNUG, a. [Sw. snygg.] 1. Lying close ; closely pressed. 
2. Close ; concealed ; not exposed to notice. 3. Being in 
good order ; all convenient ; neat. 4. Close ; neat ; con- 
venient. 5. Slily or insidiously close. 

SNUG'GLE, V. i. To move one way and the other to get a 
close place ; to lie close for convenience or warmth. 

SNUG'LY, adv. Closely ; safely. 

SNUG'NESS, 71. Closeness ; the state^of being neat or con- 
venient. Haley^s Cowper. 

SO, adv. [Goth., Sax. swa ,• G. so; D. zo j Dan. saa; Sw. 



sa.] 1. In like manner, answering to as, and noting 
comparison or resemblance. 2. In such a degree ; to that 
degree. 3. In such a manner j sometimes repeated. 4. 
It is followed by as. 5. In the same manner. 6. Thus , 
in this manner. 7. Therefore ; thus ; for this reason ; in 
consequence of this or that. 8. On these terms, noting a 
conditional petition. 9. [L. modo.] Provided that; on 
condition that. 10. In like manner, noting the concession 
of one proposition or fact and the assumption of another ; 
answering to as. 11. So often expresses the sense of a 
word or sentence going before. 12. Thus ; thus it is ; 
this is the state. 13. Well ; the fact being such ; as, and su 
the work is done, is it ? 14. It is sometimes used to ex- 
press a certain degree, implying comparison, and yet 
without the corresponding word as, to render the degree 
definite. 15. It is sometimes equivalent to be it so, let it be 
so, let it be as it is, or in that manner. 16. It expresses a 
wish, desire or petition. 17. So much as, however much. 

18. So so, or so repeated, used as a kind of exclamation ; 
equivalent to well, well; or it is so, the thing is done. 

19. So so, much as it was ; indiff"erently ; not well nor 
much amiss. 20. So then, thus then it is ; therefore ; tlie 
consequence is. Shak. 

SoAK,v.t. [Sax. socian; W, swgiaw.] 1. To steep; to 
cause or suffer to lie in a fluid till the substance has im- 
bibed what it can contain ; to macerate in water or othei 
fluid. 2. To drench ; to wet thoroughly. 3. To draw in 
by the pores ; as the skin. 4. To drain. 

SoAK, V. i. 1. To lie steeped in water or other fluid. 2. 
To enter into pores or interstices. 3. To drink intempf-r- 
ately or gluttonously ; to drench. 

SoAKED,^. Steeped or macerated in a fluid; drenched. 

SoAK'ER, n. 1. One that soaks or macerates in a liquid. 
2. A hard drinker ; [low.] 

SoAK'ING, ppr. 1. Steeping ; macerating ; drenching ; im- 
bibing. 2. a. That wets thoroughly. 

SOAL of a shoe. See Sole. 

SoAP, n. [Sax. sape ; D. zeep ; G. seife.] A compound of 
oil and alkali, or oil and earth, and metallic oxyds ; used 
in washing and cleansing, in medicine, &c. 

SoAP, V. t. [Sax. sapare; D. zeep en ; G. self en.] To rub or 
wash over with soap. 

SoAP'BER-RY-TREE, n. A tree of the genus sapindus. 

SoAP'-BOIL-ER, n. [soap and boiler.] One whose occupa- 
tion is to make soap. 

SoAP'STONE, n. Steatite ; a mineral. 

SoAP'-SUDS, 71. Suds ; water well impregnated with soap. 

SoAP'WoRT, 71. A plant of the genus saponaria. 

SoAP'Y, a. 1. Resembling soap ; having the qualities of 
soap ; soft and smooth. 2. Smeared with soap. 

SoAR, V. i. [Fr. essorer ; It. sorare.] 1. To fly aloft ; to 
mount upon the wing ; as an eagle. 2. To rise high ; to 
mount ; to tower in thought or imagination ; to be sublime ; 
as the poet or orator. 3. To rise high in ambition or hero^ 
ism. — 4. In general, to rise aloft ; to be lofty. 

S6AR. See Sore. 

Soar, n. a towering flight. Milton. 

SoAR'ING, ppr. Mounting on the wing ; rising aloft ; tow- 
ering in thought or mind. 

SoAR'ING, n. The act of mounting on the wing, or of 
towering in thought or mind ; intellectual flight. 

SOB, V. i. [Sax. seobgend.] To sigh with a sudden heaving 
of the breast, or a kind of convulsive motion ; to sigh 
with deep sorrow or with tears. 

SOB, 71. A convulsive sigh or catching of the breath in 
sorrow ; a convulsive act of respiration obstructed by 
sorrow. Dryden. 

f-SOB, z). t. To soak. Mortimer. 

SOB'BING, ppr. Sighing with a heaving of the breast. 

SO'BER, a. [Fr. sobre ; It. sobrio ; L. sobrius ; D. sober.] 

1. Temperate in the use of spirituous liquors ; habitually 
temperate. 2. Not intoxicated or overpowered by spirit- 
uous liquors ; not drunken. 3. Not mad or insane ; not 
wild, visionary or heated with passion ; having the regu- 
lar exercise of cool, dispassionate reason. 4. Regular ; 
calm; not under the influence of passion. 5. Serious; 
solemn ; grave ; as, the sober livery of autumn. 

So'BER, V. t. To make sober ; to cure of intoxication. 

So'BERED, pp. Made sober. 

So'BER-LY, adv. 1. Without intemperance. 2. Without 
enthusiasm. 3. Without intemperate passion ; coolly ; 
calmly ; moderately. 4. Gravely ; seriously. 

So'BER-MlND-ED, a. Having a disposition or temper ha- 
bitually sober, calm and temperate. 

So'BER -MiND-ED-NESS, n. Calmness; freedom from 
jnordinate passions ; habitual sobriety. Porteus 

So'BER-NESS, 71. 1. Freedom from intoxication ; temper- 
ance. 2. Gravity ; seriousness. 3. Freedom from heat 
and passion ; calmness ; coolness. 

SO-BRl'E-TY, 71. [Fr sobriete ; L. sobrietas.J 1. Habitual 
soberness or temperance in the use of spirituous liqnors. 

2. Freedom from intoxication. 3. Habitual freedom from 
enthusiasm, inordinate passion or overheated imagination ; 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, "?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD :— t Obsolete 



i 



SOD 



769 



SOI 



calmness ; coolness. 4. Seriousness ; gravity without 
sadness or melancholy. 

SOe, n. [Sax. soc] 1. Properly, the sequela, secta or suit, 
or the body of suitors ; hence, the power or privilege of 
holding a court in a oistrict, as in a manor ; jurisdiction 
of causes, and the limits of that jurisdiction. 2. Liberty 
or privilege of tenants excused from customary burdens. 
3. An exclusive privilege claimed by millers of grinding 
all the corn used within the manor or township in which 
the mill stands. Grose, 

SOG'AGE, n. [from soc, a privilege.] In English law, a 
tenure of lands and tenements by a certain or determinate 
service ; a tenure distinct from chivalry or knight's ser- 
vice, in which the render was uncertain. Blackstone, 

S0C'A-6ER, n. A tenant by socage ; a socman. 

SO-CI-A-BIL'I-TY, (so-she-a-bil'e-ty) n. [Fr. sociaUlite.] 
Sociableness ; disposition to associate and converse with 
others ; or the practice of familiar converse. 

" SO'CIA-BLE, a. [Fr. sociable ; L. sociabilis.] 1. That may 
be conjoined ; fit to be united in one body or company. 
2. Ready or disposed to unite in a genera! interest. 3. 
Ready and inclined to join in company or society ; or fre- 
quently meeting for conversation. 4. Inclined to converse 
when in company ; disposed to freedom in conversation. 
5. Free in conversation ; conversing much or famil- 
iarly. 

* So'CIA-BLE, n. A kind of less exalted phaeton, with two 
seats facing each other, and a box for the driver. Mason. 

* So CIA-BLE-NESS, n. Disposition to associate ; inclination 
to company and converse ; or actual frequent union in so- 
ciety or free converse. 

* So'CIA-BLY, adv. In a sociable manner ; with free inter- 
course 5 conversibly ; familiarly; as a companion. 

SO'CIAL, (so'shal) a, [L. socialis.] 1. Pertaining to socie- 
ty ; relating to men living in society, or to the public as an 
aggregate body. 2. Ready or disposed to mix in friendly 
converse ; companionable. 3. Consisting in union or 
mutual converse. 4. Disposed to unite in society. 

SO-CI-AL^I-TY, n. Socialness; the quality of being social. 

So'CIAL-iZE, V. t. To reduce to a social state. 

So'CIAL-LY, ado. In a social manner or way. 

So'CIAL-NESS, n. The quality of being social. 

■^ SO'CIATE, V. i. To associate ; to mix with company. 
Shelford. 

SO-Cl'E-TY, n. [Fr. societe ; Sp. soeiedad ; It. societd ; L. 
societas.] 1. The miion of a number of rational beings ; 
or a number of persons united, either for a temporary or 
permanent purpose. 2. Any number of persons associated 
for a particular purpose, whether incorporated by law. or 
only united by articles of agreement ; a fraternity. ' 3. 
Company ; a temporary association of persons for profit 
or pleasure. 4. Company ; fellowship. 5. Partnership ; 
fellowship ; union on equal terms. 6. Persons living in 
the same neighborhood, who frequently meet in company 
and have fellowship. — 7. In Connecticut, a number of 
families united and incorporated for the purpose of sup- 
porting public worship, is called an ecclesiastical society. 

SO-CIN'I-AN, a. [from Socinus.^ Pertaining to Socinus or 
his religious creed. 

SO-CIN'I-AN, n. One of the followers of Socinus. 

SO-CIN'I-AN-ISM, n. The doctrines of Socinus. 

SOCK, 71. [Sax. socc ; L. soccus ; Sw. socka ; G. soclce.] 1. 
The shoe of the ancient actoi-s of comedy. 2. A garment 
for the foot, like the foot of a stocking. 3. A ploughshare. 

SOCK'ET, ?i. [Ir. soicead.] 1. The little hollow tube or 
place in which a candle is fixed in the candlestick. 2. 
Any hollow thing or place which receives and holds 
something else. 

SOCK'ET-CHIS-EL, n. A chisel made with a socket. 

SOCK'LESS, a. Destitute of socks or shoes. Beaumont. 

So'CLE, n. In architecture, a flat square member under the 
bases of pedestals of vases and statues, serving as a foot 
or stand. 

SOCMAN, Ji. One who holds lands or tenements by socage. 

t SOCMAN-RY, ?i. Tenure by socage. Cowel. 

t SOCOME, 71. A custom of tenants to grind corn at the 
lord's mill. Cowel. 

S0€'0-TO-RINE, I a. Socotorine or Socot.rine aloes, a fine 

SOe'O-TRINE, ) kind of aloes from Socotra. 

SO-€RAT'I€, I a. Pertaining to Socrates, the Grecian 

SO-CRAT'I-CAL, ) sage, or to his manner of teaching. 

SO-€RAT'I-CAL-LY, adv. In the Socratic metho*' 

ROC'RA-TISM, 77. The philosophy of Socrates. 

SO€'RA-TIST, 71. A disciple of Socrates. Martin. 

SOD, 7t. [D. loode ! G. sode.] Turf; sward; that stratum 
of earth on the surface which is filled with the roots of 
grass. 

SOD, a. Made or consisting of sod. 

SOD, V. t. To cover with sod ; to turf. 

SOD, pret. of seeihe ,• also the passive participle. 

So'DA, n. [G. soda ; D. souda ; It. soda.] Mineral fixed 
alkali ; natron ; so called because it forms the basis of 
marine salt. 

SO'DA-LITE, n. A mineral. 



SO-DAL'I-TY, n. [L. sodalitas.l A fellowship or fratef 
nity. ^ 

So'DA- WA-TER, n. A very weak solution of soda in 
water supersaturated with carbonic acid. 

SOD'DEN, pp. of seethe. Boiled ; seethed. 

SOD'DY, a. Turfy ; consisthig of sod ; covered with sod. 

SOD'ER, V. t. [W. sawd, sawdriaw ; Fr. souder ; It. sod 
are.] To unite and make solid, as metallic substances 
to join separate things or parts of the same thing by a me- 
tallic substance in a state of fusion. 

SOD'ER, n. Metallic cement ; a metal or metallic compo- 
sition used in uniting other metallic substances. 

So'DI-UM, n. The metallic base of soda. Davy. 

SOD'OM-ITE, 71. I. An inhabitant of Sodom. 2. One 
guilty of sodomy. 

SOD'O-MY, n. A crime against nature. 

SoE, 71. [Scot, sae.] A large wooden vessel for holding 
water ; a cowl. [Local.] More. 

SO-EV'ER, so and ever, found in compounds, as in whosoev- 
er, whatsoever, leheresoever. See these words. 

So'FA, n. [probably an oriental word. Q,u. Sw. sufva.] An 
elegant long seat, usually with a stulfed bottom. 

SO-FETT'EJNf, n. A small sofa. 

SOF'FJT, 71. [It. soffitta.] 1. In architecture, any timber 
ceiling formed of cross beams, the compartments of which 
are enriched with sculpture, painting or gilding 2. The 
under side or face of an architrave, enriched with com- 
partments of roses. 

SOFT, a. [Sax. softe, softa.] 1. Easily yielding to pres- 
sure ; the contrary of hard. 2. Not hard ; easily separat- 
ed by an edged instrument. 3. Easily worked ; malleable. 
4. Not rough, rugged or harsh ; smooth to the touch ; del- 
icate. 5. Delicate ; feminine. 6. Easily yielding to 
persuasion or motives ; flexible ; susceptible of influence 
or passion. 7. Tender ; timorous. 8. Mild ; gentle ; 
kind ; not severe or unfeeling. 9. Civil ; complaisant ; 
courteous. 10. Placid ; still ; easy. 11. Effeminate ; 
viciously nice. 12. Delicate ; elegantly tender. 13. 
Weak ; impressible. 14. Gentle ; smooth or melodious to 
the ear ; not loud, rough or harsh. 15. Smooth ; flowing ; 
not rough or vehement. 16. Easy ; quiet ; undisturbed. 
17. Mild to the eye; not strong or glaring. 18. Mild; 
warm ; pleasant to the feelings. 19. Not tinged with an 
acid ; not hard ; not astringent. 20. Mild ; gentle ; not 
rough, rude or initating. 

SOFT, adv. Softly ; gently ; quietly. 

SOFT, exclam. for be soft, hold ; stop ; not so fast. 

SOFT'EN, (sof'n) v. t. 1. To make soft or more sofl; ; to 
make less hard. 2. To mollify ; to make less fierce or 
intractable ; to make more susceptible of humane or fine 
feelings. 3. To make less harsh or severe. 4. To palli- 
ate ; to represent as less enormous. 5. To make easy ; 
to compose ; to mitigate ; to alleviate. 6. To make calm 
and placid. 7. To make less harsh, less rude, less offen- 
sive or violent. 8. To make less glaring. 9. To make 
tender ; to make effeminate ; to enervate. 10. To make 
less harsh or grating. 

SOFT'EN, (sof'n) v.i. 1. To become less hard; to become 
more pliable and yielding to pressure. 2. To become less 
rude, harsh or cruel. 3. To become less obstinate or ob- 
durate ; to become rciore susceptible of humane feelings and 
tenderness ; to relent. 4. To become more mild. 5. To 
become less harsh, severe or rigorous. 

SOFT'ENED, pp. Made less hard or less harsh ; made less 
obdurate or cruel, or less glaring. 

SOFT'EN-ING, ppr. Making' more soft ; making less rough 
or cruel, &c. 

SOFT'EN-ING, n. The act of making less hard, less crue\ 
or obdurate, less violent, less glaring, &c. 

SOFT'-HEART-ED, a. Having tenderness of heart; sus- 
ceptible of pity ; gentle ; meek. 

SOFT'LING, n'. An eflfeminate person. [Little used.] 

SOFT'LY, adv. 1. Without hardness. 2. Not with force 
or violence ; gently. 3. Not loudly ; without noise. 4. 
Gently; placidly. 5. Mildly ; tenderly. 

SOFT'NER, n. 1. He or that which softens. 2. One that 
palliates. Swift. 

SOFT'NESS, n. 1. The quality of bodies which renders 
them capable of yielding to pressure ; opposed to hardness. 
2. Susceptibility of feeling or passion. 3. Mildness ; 
kindness. 4. Mildness ; civility ; gentleness. 5. Effem- 
inacy ; vicious delicacy. 6. Tim-.jrousness ; pusillanimity ; 
excessive susceptibility of feat or alarm. 7. Smoothness 
to the ear. 8. Facility; gentleness; candor; easiness to 
be affected. 9. Gentleness, as contrary to ijeAeTKeTice. 10. 
Mildness of temper ; meekness. 11. Weakness ; sim- 
plicity. 12. Mild temperature. 

SOG'GY, a. [allied, probably, to soak ; W. soeg.] 1. Wet ; 
filled with water ; soft with moisture. 2. Streammg with 
damp. 

SO-HO, exclam. A word used in calling from a distant place j 
a sportsman's halloo. Shak. ^ 

SOIL, V. t. [Sax. selan, sylian ; Dan. sSler ; Sw. sola; Fr 
salir, souiller.] 1. To make dirty on the surface ; to foul j 



«ee Synopsis. MOVE, BgOK, D6VE ;— BULJ UNITE.— € as K ; C as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



SOL 



770 



SOL 



to dirt ; to stain ; to defile ; to tarnish ; to sully. Milton. 

2. To cover or tinge with any thing extraneous. 3. To 

dung; to manure. — To soil a horse, is to purge liim by 

giving him fresh grass. — To soil cattle, in husbandry, is to 

feed them with grass daily mowed for them, instead of 

pasturing them. 
SOIL, 71. [G. siile.] 1. Dirt; any foul matter upon another 

substance ; foulness ; spot. 2. Stain ; tarnish. 3. The 

upper stratum of the earth 3 the mold. 4. Land; country. 

5. Dung ; compost. — To take soil, to run into the water, 

as a deer when pursued. 
SOILED, pp. Fouled ; stained ; tarnished ; manured ; fed 

with grass. 
SOIL'I-NESS, n. Stain ; foulness. [Little used.] Bacon. 
SOlTu'TNG, ppr. Defiling; fouling; tarnishing; feeding 

with fresh grass ; manuring. 
SOIL'IXG, n. The act or practice of feeding cattle or 

horses with fresh grass, instead of pasturing them. 
SOILLESS, a. Destitute of soil. Bigsbij. 
[■SOIL'URE, 71. [Fr. souillure.] Stain; pollution. SJiak. 
*=So'J6URN, or SO-JoURN', (so'jurn, or so-jum') v. i. [Fr. 

sejnurner.] To dwell for a time ; to dwell or live in a place 

as a temporary resident, or as a stranger, not considering 

the place as his permanent habitation. 
*So JoUEN,7!. A temporary residence, as that of a traveler 

in a foreign land. Milton. 
*So J6URi\-EE, 71. A temporary resident; a stranger or 

traveler who dwells in a place for a time. 

* SO'JoURN-ING, ppr. Dwelling for a time. 
*So'J6URN-IJVG, 7i. The act of dwelling in a place for a 

time ; also, the time of abode. Ex. xii. 

* SO'JoURN-MENT, n. Temporary residence, as that of a 
stranger or traveler. Walsh. 

SOL, n. [Norm, soulze, soulds, scuz ; from L. solidus.'] 1. 
In France, a small copper coin ; a penny; usually sou or 
sous. 2. A copper coin and money of account m Switzer- 
land. 

SoL, 71. [It.] The name of a note in Tnusic. 

BOL'ACE, V. t. [It. sollazzare ; L. solatium.] 1. To cheer 
in grief or under calamity ; to comfort ; to relieve in af- 
fliction ; to console. 2. To allay ; to assuage. 

tSOL'ACE, V. i. To take comfort ; to be cheered or relieved 
in grief. Shak. 

SOL'ACE, n. [It. sollazzo ; L. solatium.] Comfort in 
grief ; alleviation of grief or anxiety ; also, that which 
relieves in distress ; recreation. 

SOL' AGED, pp. Comforted ; cheered iu affliction. 

SOL'A-CING, ppr. Relieving grief; cheering in affliction. 

f SO-La'CIOUS, a. Affording comfort or amusement. 

SO-LAND'ER, 7i. [Fr. soulandres.] A disease in horses. 

So'LAJV-GOOSE, n. The gannet, an aquatic fowl found on 
the coasts of Great Britain and Ireland. 

SO-La'NO, n. A hot S. E. wind in Spain. 

So'LAR, a. [Fr. solaire : L. Solaris.] 1. Pertaining to the 
sun, as the solar system ; or proceeding from it. — 2. In 
astrolosy, borii under the predominant influence of the 
sun ; [obs.] Dryden. 3 Measured by the progress of the 
sun, or by its revolution. 

Sold, pret. and pp. of sell. 

t Sold, ». [Norm, soude.] Salary ; military pay. Spenser. 

SOL'DAN, for sultan, not in use. Milton. 

SOL'DA-NEL, n. [L. soldanella.] A plant. 

* SOL'DER, V. t. [from L. solido, solidus.] To unite by a 
metallic cement. See Sober. 

* SOL'DER, 77. A metallic cement. See Soder. 
SOLDTER, (sol'jur) n. [Fr. soldat ; Norm, soudeyer, sou- 

diers : It. soldato ; Sp. soldado.] I. A man engaged in 
military service ; one whose occupation is military ; a 
man enlisted for service in an army ; a private, or one in 
the ranks. 2. A man enrolled for service when on duty 
or imbodied for military discipline ; a private. — 3. Em- 
phaticallii, a brave warrior ; a man of military experience 
and skill, or a man of distinguished valor. 

fSoLD'IER-ESS, 71. A female soldier. Beaumont. 

SoLD'IER-LlKE, ) a. Like or becoming a real soldier ; 

SoLD'IER-L^, \ brave ; martial ; heroic ; honorable. 

SoLD'IER-SHIP, 71. limitary qualities ; military character 
or state ; martial skill ; behavior becoming a soldier. 

SoLD'IER-Y, 71. 1. Soldiers coUectively ; the body of mili- 
tary men. 2. Soldiership ; military service ; [obs.] 

SOLE, 71. [Sax. sol ; D. zool ; G. soJde ; Dan. sole ; Fr. sole.] 

1. The bottom of the foot ; and, by a figure, the foot itself. 

2. The bottom of a shoe ; or the piece of leather which 
constitutes tlie bottom. 3. The part of any thing that 
forms the bottom, and on which it stands upon the ground. 
4. A marine fish. — 5. In ship building, a sort of lining, 
used to prevent the wearing of any thing. 6. A sort of 
horn under a horse's hoof. 

SOLE, V. t. To furnish with a sole ; as, to sole a shoe. 
SOLE, a. [L. solus ; Fr. seul ; It., Sp. solo.] 1. Single ; 

being or acting without another ; individual ; only. — 2. In 

law, single ; unmarried ; as afemme sole. 
SOL'E-CISM, n. [Gr. coXoLKicjjiog.] 1. Impropriety in 

language, or a gross deviation from the rules of syntax ; I 



incongruity of words ; want of correspondence or consist 
ency. 2. Any unfitness, absurdity or impropriety. 

SOL'E-CIST, n. [Gr, ao\oiKL(rros.] One who is guilty of im- 
propriety in language. Blackwall. 

SOL-E-CIST'I€, I a. Incorrect ; inconpuous. John- 

SOL-E-CIST'I-CAL, \ son. 

SOL-E-CIST'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a solecistic manner. 

SOL'E-CIZE, V. i. [Gr. o-oXot/ci^w.] To commit solecism 

SoLE'LY, adv. Singly ; alone ; only ; without another. 

SOL'EMN, (sol'em) a. {Fr. solennel ; It. solenne ; Sp. solem 
ne ; L. soLennis.] 1. Anniversary ; observed once a year 
with religious ceremonies. 2. Religiously grave ; marked 
with pomp and sanctity ; attended with religious rites. 3. 
Religiously serious ; piously grave ; devout ; marked by 
reverence to God. 4. Affecting with seriousness ; impress- 
ing or adapted to impress seriousness, gravity or reverence ; 
sober ; serious. 5. Grave ; serious ; or affectedly grave. 
6. Sacred ; enjoined by religion ; or attended with a seri- 
ous appeal to God. 7. Marked with solemnities. 

SOL'EM-NESS, ?i. 1. The state or quality of being solemn ; 
reverential manner ; gravity. 2. Solemnity ; gravity of 
manner. Wotton. 

SO-LEM'NI-TY, 7!. [Yr.solemnite.] 1. A rite or ceremony 
annually performed with religious reverence. 2. A re- 
ligious ceremony ; a ritual performEmce attended with 
religious reverence. 3. A ceremony adapted to impresf 
awe. 4. Manner of acting awfully serious. 5. Gravity; 
steady seriousness. 6. Affected gravity. 

SOL-EM-NI-Za'TION, n. The act of solemnizing. 

SOL'EM-NiZE, T.t. [Fr. solenniser ; It. solennizzare.] 1, 
To dignify or honor by ceremonies ; to celebrate. 2. T« 
perform with ritual ceremonies and respect, or according 
to legal forms. 3. To perform religiously once a year. 4 
To make grave, serious and reverential ; as, to solcmnizt 
the mind for the duties of the sanctuary ; [this use of tht 
word is well authorized in the United States.] 

SOL'Ej\I-NiZ-ER, n. One who performs a solemn rite oi 
ceremony. Clarke. 

SOL'EMN-LY, adv. 1. With gravity and religious reverence 
2. With olficial formalities and by due authoritj^ 3. With 
formal state. 4. With formal gravity and stateliness, oi 
jvith affected gravity. 5. With religious seriousness. 

SoLE'NESS, 71. Singleness ; a state of being imconnecte^ 
jvith others. Dering. 

So'LEN-ITE, n. Petrified solen, a genus of shells. 

SoL-Fa, v. i. To pronounce the notes of the gammut 
ascending or descending, ut, re', mi, fa, sol, la, and e con- 
verso. 

SO-LICIT, V. t. [L. solicito ,• Fr. solliciter ; It. sollecitare.] 
1. To ask v/ith some degree of earnestness ; to make pe- 
tition to ; to apply to for obtaining something. This word 
implies earnestness in seeking, but I think less earnestness 
than beg, implore, entreat and importune, and more than 
ask or request ; as when we say, a man solicits the minis- 
ter for an office ; he solicits his father for a favor. 2. To 
ask for with some degree of earnestness ; to seek by peti- 
tion. 3. To awake or excite to action ; to summon ; to 
invite. 4. To attempt ; to try to obtain. 5. To disturb ; 
to disquietj a Latinism, rarely used. 

SO-LIC-I-Ta'TION, 72. 1. Earnest request ; aseekhig to ob- 
tain something froui another with some degree of zeal and 
eatnestncss. 2. Excitement ; invitation. 

SO-LIC'IT-ED, pp. Earnestly requested. 

SO-LIC'IT-ING, ppr. Requesting with earnestness ; asking 
for ; attempting to obtain. 

SO-LIC'IT-OR, n. [Fr. solliciteur.] 1. One who asks with 
-earnestness ; one that asks for another. 2. An attorney, 
advocate or counselor at law who is authorized to prac- 
tice in the English court of chancery. — In America, an 
advocate or counselor at law, who, like the attorney-gen- 
eral or state 's-attorney, prosecutes actions for the state. 

SO-LICIT-OR-GEN'ER-AL, 7i. A lawyer in Great Britain, 
who is employed as counsel for the queen. 

SO-LICIT-OUS, a. [1.. solicitus.] I. Careful; anxious; 
very desirous, as to obtain something. 2. Careful ; anx- 
ious ; concerned ; as respecting an unknown but interest- 
ing event. 3. Anxious; concerned; followed by /or, as 
when something is to be obtained. 

SO-LIC'IT-OUS-LY, adv. Anxiously ; with care and con- 
cern. 

SO-LICI-TRESS, n. A female who solicits or petitions, 

SO-LIC'I-TUDE, 72. [1,. solicitudo.] Carefulness ; concern j 
anxiety ; uneasiness of mind. 

SOL'ID, a. [L. solidus : Fr. solidc ,• It., Sp. solido.] 1. Hard ; 
firm ; compact ; having its constituent particles so close 
or dense as to resist the impression or penetration of other 
bodies, 2. Not hollow ; full of matter. 3. Having all 
the geometrical dimensions ; cubic. 4. Firm ; compact ; 
strong. 5. Sound ; not weakly. 6. Real ; sound ; valid ; 
true ; just ; not empty or fallacious. 7. Grave ; profound ; 
not light, trifling or superficial. — 8. In botany, of a fleshy, 
uniform, undivided substance, as a bulb or root. 

SOL'ID, V. A firm, compact body. 

SOL'I-DATE, «. i. [L. solido.] To make solid or firm. [L. m.] 



See Synopsis a E, I, O, U, Y, Zona-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ,— PREY ;— Pi?,', MARINE BIRD — ^Obsolete 



SOL 



771 



SON 



PO-LID-T-FI-€a TION, n. The act of making solid. 

SO-LID'I-FIED, pp. Made solid. 

SO-LID'I-FY, t7 «. 11.. eolidua and facio.] To make solid 
or compact. 

SO-LID'I-Fy-ING, ppr. Making solid. 

SO-LID'I-Ti^, 71. [Fr. solidite ; L. soUditas.] 1. Firmness ; 
hardness ; density ; compactness ; that quality of bodies 
which resists impression and penetration. 2. Fulness of 
matter. 3. Moral firmness ; soundness ; strength ; valid- 
ity ; truth J certainty. — 4. In ^eomeiri/, the solid contents 
of a body. 

SOL'ID-LY, adu. 1. Finnly ; densely ; compactly. 2. Firm- 
ly ; truly ; on firm grounds. Digbij. 

SOL'ID-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being firm, dense or 
compact : firmness ; compactness 5 solidity. 2. Sound- 
ness ; strength ; truth ; validity. 

SOL-I-DUN'GU-LOUS, a. [L. solidtis and un^ula.] Hav- 
ing hoofs that are whole or not cloven. Barrow. 

SOL-I-FID'I-AN, 71. [h. solus and fides.] One who main- 
tains that faith alone, without works, is necessary to jus- 
tification. 

SOL-I-FID I-AN, a. Holding the tenets of Solifidians. 

SOL-I-FID'I-AN-ISM, n. The tenets of Solifidians. 

SO-LIL'0-aUlZE, V. i. To utter a soliloquy. 

SO-LIL'0-aUY, 71. [Fr. soliloque ; It., Sp. soliloquio.] 1. 
A talking to one's self; a talking or discourse of^a person 
alone, or not addressed to another person, even when 
others are present. 2. A written composition, reciting 
what it is supposed a person speaks to liimself. 

SOL'I-PED, 71. [L. solus and pes.] An animal whose foot is 
not cloven. Brown. 

SOL-I-TaIRE', 72. [Fr. solitaire.] 1. A person who lives 
in solitude ; a recluse ; a hermit. 2. An ornament for 
the neck. 

SOL-I-Ta'RI-AN, n. A hermit. Twisden. 

SOL'I-TA-RT-LY, adv. In solitude ; alone. 

SOL'I-TA-RI-NESS, 71. 1. The state of being alone ; for- 
bearance of company ; retirement, or habitual retirement. 

2. Solitude ; loneliness ; destitution of company or of an- 
imated beings. 

SOL'T-TA-RY, a. [Fr, solitaire ; L. solitarius.] 1. Living 
alone ; not having company. 2. Retired ; remote from 
society ; not having company, or not much frequented. 

3. Lonely ; destitute of company. 4. Gloomy ; sini ; 
dismal. 5. Single. — 6. In botany, separate ; one only in 
a place. 

SOL'I-TA-RY, 71. One that lives alone or in solitude ; a her- 
mit; a recluse. Pope. 

SOL'I-TUDE, 71. [Fi.; 'L.soUtudo.] 1. Loneliness ; a state 
of being alone ; a lonely life. 2. Loneliness ; remoteness 
from society ; destitution of company. 3. A lonely place ; 
a desert. Pope. 

SO-LIVA-GANT, a. [I-, solivagus.] Wandering alone. 

jSOL'LAR, n. [Low L. solarium.] 4^ garret or upper 
room. 

SOL-MI-Za'TION, n. [from sol, mi.] A solfaing ; a rep- 
_etition or recital of the notes of the gammut. 

So'LO, n. [It.] A tune, air or strain to be played by a sin- 
gle instrument, or sung by a single voice. 

SOL'O-MON'S LEAF, n. A plant. 

SOL'O-MON'S Seal, n. A plant. Fam. of Plants. 

SOL'STlCE, 71. [Fr.; Ju. solstitium.] In astronomy, the -point 
in the ecliptic at which the sun stops or ceases to recede 
from the equator, either north in summer, or south in win- 
ter ; a tropic, or tropical point. 

SOL-STl"TIAL, a. 1. Pertaining to a solstice. 2. Hap- 
pening at a solstice ; usually, with us, at the summer sol- 
stice or midsummer. 

SOL-U-BIL'I-TY, 71. The quality of a body which renders 
it susceptible of solution ; susceptibility of being dissolved 
in a fluid. 

SOL'U-BLE, a. [L. solubilis.] Susceptible of being dissolv- 
ed in a fluid ; capable of solution. 

So'LUND-GOOSE. See Solan-goose 



SO-L"UTE', a. [L. soliLtus.] 1. Ina^-e?iera^ sense, 

[obs.] — 2. In botany, loose ; not adhering. 
•SO-LtJTE', V. t. To dissolve. Bacon. 



free ■,_[obs.]- 



SO-LU'TION, n. [Fr. ; It. soluzione ; Sp. sniucion.] 1. 
The act of separating the parts of any body ; disruption ; 
breach. 2. The operation or process of dissolving or 
melting in a fluid. 3. Resolution ; explanation ; the act 
of explaining or removing diificulty or doubt. 4. Re- 
lease ; deliverance ; discharge. — 5. In algebra and geome- 
try, the answering of a question, or tlie resolving of a 
problem proposed. 

SOL'U-TlVE, a. Tending to dissolve ; loosening ; laxa- 
tive. 

SOLV- A-BIL'I-TT, n. Ability to pay all just debts. Encyc. 

SOLV'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be solved, resolved or ex- 
plained. 2. That can be paid. 

SOLVE, (solv) T.t. [Ij. soli-o ; Fr.soudre; It. solvere.] 1. 
Properly, to loosen' or separate the parts of anything ; 
hence, to explain ; to resolve ; to eclaircise ; to unfold ; 
to clear up. 2. To remove ; to dissipate. 



SOLVED, ;?p. Explained; removed. 

SOLV'EN-CY, n. [L. solvens.] Ability to pay all debts or 
just claims. 

SOL- VEND', n. A substance to be dissolved. Kirwan. 

SOLVENT, a. 1. Having the power of dissolving. 2 
Able to pay all just debts. 3. Sufficient to pay all just 
debts. 

SOLVENT, n. A fluid that dissolves any substance is 
called the solvent. 

SOLVER, 71. Whoever or whatever explains or solves. 

SOLVI-BLE, a. Solvable, which see. 

tSO-MAT'I€, ) a. [Gr. c(j}ijaTLKoi.] Corporeal ; pertam- 

t SO-MAT'I-€AL, ] ing to a body. 

So'MA-TIST, 71. One Avho admits the existence of corpore- 
al or material beings only ; one who denies the existence 
of spiritual substances. 

SG-MA-TOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. cwjia and \oyos ] The doctrine 
of bodies or material substances. 

SoM'BRE, \ a. [Fr. sombre.] Dull- dusky; cloudv ; 

SoM'BER, \ gloomy. 

SOM'BROUS, a. Gloomy Stephens. 

SOME, (sum) a. [Sax. sum, sume.] 1. Noting a certain 
quantity of a thing, but indeterminate ; a portion greater 
or less. 2. Noting a number of persons or things, greater 
or less, but indeterminate. 3. Noting a person or thing, 
but not knov.'n, or not specific and definite. 4. Some is 
often opposed to others. 5. Some is often used without a 
noun, and then, like other adjectives, is a substitute for a 
nouu. 6. Some is used as a termination of certain adjec- 
tives, as in handsome, lonesome. In these words, some 
has primarily the sense of little, or a certain degree. 

SoME'BOD-Y", n. [some and body.] ]. A person unknown 
or uncertain ; a person indeterminate. 2. A person of 
consideration. 

t SoME'DeAL, adv. [some and deal.] In some degree. 

SoM'ER-SAULT, ) n. [Sp. sobresalir.] A leap by which a 

SoM'ER-SET, ) person jumps from a height, turns 
over his head and falls upon his feet. 

SoME'HOW, adv. [some and hoio.] One way or other ; in 
some way not yet known. 

SoME'THING, n. 1. An indeterminate or unknown event 
2. A substance or material thing, unknown, indetermi- 
nate or not specified. 3. A part ; a portion more or less. 
4. A little ; an indefinite quantity or degree. 5. Distance 
not great. — 6. Something, used adverbially for in some, 
degree ; as, he was something discouraged ; but the use is 
not elegant. 

SoME'TlME, ado. [some and time.] 1. Once; formerly 
2. At one time or other hereafter [Sometime is really a 
compound noun.] 

SoME'TlMES, adv. [some and tim^s.] 1. At times ; at in 
tervals ; not always ; now and tnen. 2. At one time. 

SoME'WHAT, n. 1. Something, though uncertain what 
2. More or less ; a certain quantity or degree, indetermi- 
nate. 3. A part, greater or less. 

SoME'WHAT, 0^1;. In some degree or quantity. 

SoME'WHERE, adv. [some and where.] In some place, un- 
known or not specified ; in one place or another. 

t SOME' WHILE, adv [so7ne and zchile.] Once ; for a time. 

SoiME'V/HITH-ER, adv. To some indeterminate place. 

SOM'MITE, n. Nepheline, a mineral. 

SOM-NAM-BU-La'TION, ?z. [L. somnus and ambulo.] The 
act of walking in sleep, Beddoes. 

SOM-NAM'BU-LISM, n. The act or practice of walking in 
sleep. Danoin. 

SOM-NAM'BU-LIST, 7!. A person who walks in his sleep 
Portexis. 

t SOM'NER, for summoner. 

SOM-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. somnifer.] Causing or inducing 
sleep ; soporiferous ; narcotic. 

SOM-NIF'IC, a. [L. soinnus and facio.] Causing sleep ; 
tending to induce sleep. 

SOM'NO-LENCE, ) n. [Low L. somnolentia.] Sleepi- 

SOM'NO-LEN-CY. \ ness ; drowsiness j inclination to 
sleep. 

SOM'NO-LENT, a. Sleepy ; drowsy ; inclined to sleep 

S6N, 71. [Sax. sunn ; Goth, smius ; G. sohn ; D. zoort ; Sw. 
son ; Dan. 5071.] 1. A male child; the male issue of a 
parent, father or mother. 2, A male descendant, how- 
ever distant. 3. The compellation of an old man to a 
young one, or of a confessor to his penitent ; a term of af- 
fection. 4. A native or inhabitant of a country. 5, The 
produce of any thing. 6. One addpted into a family. 7. 
One Who is converted by another's instrumentality is 
called his soii. — 8. Son of pride, sons of light, son of Beli- 
al, These are Hebraisms. 

SO-NA'TA, n. [It.] A tune intended for an instrument 
only, as cantata is for the voice. 

SON'CY, or SON'SY, a. Lucky ; fortunate ; thiiving. 
Orose. 

SONG, 71. [Sax. song ; D. lang ; G. sang.] I. In general, 
that which is sung or uttered with musical modulations 
of the voice, whether of the human voice or thatof a bhrd. 



Sec Synopsis MOVE, BOOK D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



SOP 



772 



SOR 



2. A little poem to be sung, or uttered with musical mod- 
ulations ; a ballad. 3. A hymn ; a sacred poem or hymn 
to be sung either in joy or thanksgiving. 4. A lay ; a 
strain ; a poem. 5. Poetry ; poesy ; verse. 6. Notes of 
birds. 7. A mere trifle. 

tSONG'ISH, a Consisting of songs. Dryden 
SON'GOW, or SON'GAL, ?i. Gleaned corn. Brockett. 
SONG'STER, 71. [5071^, and iSax. steora.] 1. One that 

sings ; one skilled in singing ; not often applied to human 

beings, or only in slight contempt. 2. A bird that sings ; 

as, the little songster in his cage. 
SONG-STRESS, 7z. A female singer. Thomson. 
S,6N'-IN-LAW, 71. A man married to one's daughter, 
f ON'NET, n. [Fr. ; It. sonetta ; Sp. soneta.] 1. A short 

poem of fourteen lines, two stanzas of four verses each, 

and two of three each, the rhymes being adjusted by a 

particular rule. 2. A short poem. 
SON'NET, V. i. To compose sonnets. Bp. Hall. 
SON-NET-EER', 71. [Yr.sonnetier.} A composer of sonnets 

or small poems ; a small poet ; usually in contempt. 
SO-NOM'E-TER, n. [L. sonus, and Gr. //£Tp£w.] An instm- 

ment for measuring sounds or the intervals of sounds. 
SON-O-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. sonus and fero.] That gives 

sound ; sounding. Derham. 
SOlsT-O-RIE'ie, a. [L. sonus and facia.] Producing sound. 
S0-N5'R0US, a. [L. sojiorus.] 1. Giving sound when 

struck. 2. Loud-sounding; giving a clearer loud sound. 

3. Yielding sound. 4. High-sounding ; magnificent of 
sound. 

SO-NO'ROUS-LY, adv. With sound ; with a high sound. 
SO-NO'ROUS-NESS, n. 1. The quality of yielding sound 

when struck, or coming in collision with anotlier body. 

2. Having or giving a loud or clear sound. 3. Magnifi- 
cence of sound. 
SoN'SHIP, 71. ]. The state of being a son, or of having 

the relation of a son. 2. Filiation ; the character of a 

son. 
SOON, adv. [Sax. sona; Goth, suns.] 1. In a short time ; 

shortly after any time specified or supposed. 2. Early ; 

without the usual delay ; before any time supposed. 3. 

Readily ; willingly. — ^s soon as, so soon as, immediately 

at or after another event. 
tSOON, a. Speedy ; quick. 
t SOON'LY, adv. auickly ; speedily. 
SOOP'BER-RY, 71. A plant. Miller. 

* loU-CHONG' I "• ^ ^^""^ «f ^^''''^ ^^^- 

SOO'SOO, 71. Among the Bengalese, the name cf a cetaceous 
fish, the delphinus gangeticus. 

* SOOT, 71. [Sax., Sw. sot; Dan. sod, sood.] A black sub- 
stance formed by combustion, rising in fine particles and 
adhering to the sides of the chimney or pipe conveying 
the smoke. 

* SOOT, V. t. To cover or foul with soot. 

t SOOTE, or SOTE, a. Sweet. See Sweet. 

SOOT'ED, pp. Covered or soiled with soot. Mortimer. 

S66T'ER-K1N, 71. A kind of false birth fabled to be pro- 
duced by the Dutch women from sitting over their stoves. 
Swift. 

t SOOTH, 71. [Sa.x. soth; Ir. seadh.] 1. Truth; reality. 
2. Prognostication. 3. Sweetness ; kindness. Shak. 

t SOOTH, a. 1. Pleasing; delightful. 2. True; faithful. 

hOOTRE, V. t. [Sax. gesothian.] 1 . To flatter ; to please 
with blandishments or soft words. 2. To soften ; to 
assuage ; to mollify ; to calm. 3. To gratify ; to please. 

SOOTHED, pp. Flattered ; softened ; calmed" ; pleased. 

SOOTH'ER, 71. A flatterer ; he or that which softens or as- 
suages. 

SOOTH'ING, ppr. Flattering ; softening ; assuaging. 

SOOTH'ING-LY, adv. With flattery or soft words. 

\ SOOTH'LY, adv. In truth ; really. Hales. 

SOOTH'S AY, V. i. [sooth and saij.] To foretell ; to predict. 
[Little used.] 

SOOTH'SAY-ER, 7i. A foreteller ; a prognosticator ; one 
who undertakes to foretell future events without inspira- 
tion. 

SOOTH'SAY-ING, ?i. 1. The foretelling of future events 
by persons without divine aid or authority, and thus 
distinguislied from prophecy. 2. A true saying ; tmth ; 
[obs.] 

*SOOT'I-NESS,7i. The quality of being sooty, or foul with 
Soot ; fuliginousness. 

*SOOT'ISH, a. Partaking of soot; like soot. Brown. 

*SOOT'Y, a. [Sax. sotig.] 1. Producing soot 2. Consist- 
in'g'of soot ; fuliginous. Wilkins. 3. Foul with soot. 4. 
Black like soot ; dusky ; dark. 

* SOOT'Y, V. t. To black or foul with soot. Chapman. 

SOP, '71. [D., Sax. sop ; G. suppe ; Dan. suppe j Sw. soppa ; 
Sp. sopai F. soupe.] 1. Any thing steeped or dipped 
and softened in liquor, but chiefly somethuig thus dipped 
in broth or liquid food, and intended to be eaten. 2. Any 
thing given to pacify ; so called from the sop given to 
Cerberus, in mythology. — Sop-in-wine, a kind of pink. 



SOP, V. t. To steep or dip in liquor. 

SOPE. See Soap. 

SOPH, n. [L. sojyJdsta.] In colleges and universities, a bib- 
dent in his second year ; a sophomore. 

So'PHI, 71. A title ofthe king of Persia. Shak. 

j SOPH'I-CAL, a. [Gr. ao^os.] Teaching wisdom. 

SOPH'ISM, 71. [Fx. sopJnsme ; L. sophisma ; Gr. aofiarpa.] 
A specious but fallacious argument ; a subtilty in reason- 
ing. 

SOPH'IST, n. [L. sophista ; Fr. sophiste ; It. sofista.] 1 
A professor of philosophy. 2. A captious or fallacious 
reasoner. 

SOPH'IS-TER, n. 1. A disputant fallaciously subtil; an 
artful but insidious logician. 2. A professor of philosophy ; 
a sophist ; [obs.] 

t SOPH'IS-TER, V. t. To maintain by a fallacious argu- 
ment. Cobham. 

SO-PHIST'ie, ) a. [Fr. sophistique ; It. sofistico.] Fal 

SO-PHISTT-CAL, \ laciously subtil ; not sound. 

SO-PHIST'I-€AL-LY, adv. With fallacious subtiltv. 

SO-PHIST'I-CATE, v. t. [Fr. sophistiquer ; Sp. sofisticar 
1. To adulterate ; to con'upt by something spurious o' 
foreign ; to pervert. 2. To adulterate ; to render spuri- 
ous. 

SO-PHIST'I-€ATE, a. Adulterated ; not pure; not genu 
ine. 

S0-PHIS-TI-€a'TI0N,71. The act of adulterating ; a coun- 
terfeiting or debasing the purity of something by a foreign 
admixture ; adulteration. 

SO-PHIST'I-€A-TOR, n. One that adulterates ; one who 
injures the purity and genuineness of any thing by for- 
eign admixtui-e. 

SOPH'IS-TRY, 7J. 1. Fallacious reasoning; reasoning sound 
in appearance only. 2. Exercise in logic. 

SOPH'O-MORE, 71. A student in a college or university, in 
his second year. 

t So'PITE, V. t. To lay asleep. Cheyne. 

tSO-Pl"TION, 71. [L. so^jjo, to lay asleep.] Sleep. Brown. 

fSOP'O-RATE, V. t. [L. sopwo.] To lay asleep. 

SOP-O-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. soporifer.] Causing sleep, or 
tending to produce it ; narcotic ; opiate ; anodyne ; som- 
niferous. 

SOP-O-RIF'ER-OUS-NESS, 71. The quality of causing 
sleep. 

SOP-0-RIF'I€, <z, [L. sopor and /acio.] Causing sleep ; tend- 
ing to cause sleep ; narcotic. Locke. 

SOP-0-RIF'I€, n. A medicine, drug, plant or other thing 
that has the quality of inducing sleep. 

So'PO-ROUS, a. [L. soporus.] Causing sleep ; sleepy. 

SOPPED, pp. [from sop.] Dipped in liquid food. 

SOP'PER, n. One that sops or dips in liquor something to 
be eaten. Johnson. 

SORB, 71. [Fr. sorbe.] The service-tree or its fruit 

SOR'BATE, 71. A compound of sorbic acid with a base. 

SORB'ENT. See Absorbent. 

SORB'ie, a. Pertaining to the sprbus or service-tree. 

f SORB'lLE, a. [L. sorbeo.] That may be drank or sip- 
ped. 

t SOR-Bi"TION, 71. [L. sorbitio.] The act of drinking or 
sipping. 

SOR-BON'I-€AL, a. Belonging to a Sorbonist. Bale. 

SOR'BON-IST, n. A doctor of the Sorbonne in the univer- 
sity of Paris. 

SORCER-ER, 71. [Fr. sorcier J A conjurer ; an enchanter ; a 
magician. 

SOR'CER-ESS, n. A female magician or enchantress. 

SOR'CER-OUS, a. Contaiiung enchantments. 

SOR'CE-RY, 71. Magic; enchantment; witchcraft; divina- 
tion by the assistance of evil spirits. 

SoRD, for sioard, is now vulgar. See Sward. 

SORD'A-WAL-ITE, 71. A mineral. 

SOR'DESjTi. [L.] Foul matter; excretions; dregs; filthy, 
useless or rejected matter of any kind. 

SOR'DET, or SOR'DINE, n. [Fr. sourdine ; It. sordina.] A 
little pipe in the mouth of a trumpet to make it sound 
lower or shriller. 

SOR'DID, a. [Fr. sordide; It. sordido ; L. sordidus.] 1. 
Filthy ; foul ; dirty ; gross ; [I. u.] 2. Vile ; base ; mean ; 
as, vulgar, sor^fid mortals. 3. Meanly avaricious; cove- 
tous ; niggardly. 

SOR'DID-LY, adv. Meanly ; basely ; covetously. 

SOR'DID-NESS, 71. 1. Filthiness ; dirtiness. Ray. 2 
Meanness ; baseness. 3. Niggardliness. 

SORE, n. [Dan. saar; D. zweer.] 1. A place in an animal 
body where the skin and flesh are ruptured or bruised, so 
as to be pained with the slightest pressure. 2. An ulcev ; 
a boil. — 3. In Scripture, grief; afiliction. 2 Chron. vi 

SORE, a. [Sax. sar ; D. zeer j G. sehr.] 1. Tender and 
susceptible of pain from pressure. 2. Tender ; as the 
mind ; easily pained, grieved or vexed ; very susceptible 
of irritation from any thing that crosses the inclination 
3. Affected with inflammation. 4. Violent with pain ; 



* See Svnonsis. A, E I C, U, "?, lon-g.—YAV, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD — f Obsolete 



SOT 



773 



SOU 



severe j afflictive ; distressing. Shak. 5. Severe ; violent. 
6. Criminal 5 evilj [obs.] 

SORE, adv. 1. With painful violence ; intensely j severe- 
ly; grievously. 2. Greatly; violently; deeply. 

■f SORE, V. t. To wound ; to make sore. Spenser. 

SORE, n. [Fr. sor-falcon. Todd.] I. A havv^k of the first 
year. Spenser. 2. [Fr. saur.] A buck of the fourth year. 
ISIiak. 

SORE'HON, or SORN, n. [Irish and Scottish.] A kind of 
servile tenure which subjected the tenant to maintain his 
chieftain gratuitously, whenever he wished to indulge 
himself in a debaucfi. So that when a person obtrudes 
himself on another for bed and board, he is said to sorn, 
or be a sorner. Spenser. 

SOR'EL, n. [dim. of sore.] A buck of the third year. 

SoRE'LY, adv. 1. With violent pain and distress ; griev- 
ously ; greatly. 2. Greatly ; violently ; severely. 

SoRE'NESSjW. 1. The tendernessof any partof an animal 
body, which renders it extremely susceptible of pain from 
pressure.— 2. Figuratively, tenderness of mind, or suscep- 
tibility of mental pain. 

SOR'GO, n. A plant of the genus 7toZc«5. 

SO-Rl'TES, 71. [L.] In logic, an argument where one prop- 
osition is accumulated on another. 

SO-ROR'I-ClDE, n. [L, soror and ccedo.] The murder or 
murderer of a sister. [L. u.] 

(■SOR'RAGE, 71. The blades of green wheat or barley. 
Diet. 

SOR'RANCE) 71. In farriery, any disease or sore in horses. 

SOR'REL, a. [Fr. saure, yellowish brown ; It. sauro.] Of 
a reddish color. 

SOR'REL, 71. A reddish color ; a faint red. 

SOR'REL, n. [Sax. sur, sour ; Dan. syre.] A plant of the 
genus rumex, so named from its acid taste. 

SOR'REL-TREE, n. A species of andromeda. 

SOR'RI-LY, adiK [from sorry.] Meanly ; despicably ; piti- 
ably ; in a wretched manner. Sidney. 

SOR'RI-NESS, 71. Meanness ; poorness ; despicableness. 

SOR'RoW, n. [Sax. sorg ; Goth, saurga ; Sw., Dan. sorg.] 
The uneasiness or pain of mind which is produced by the 
loss of any good, real or supposed, or by disappointment 
in the expectation of good; grief; regret. 

SOR'RoW, V. i. [Sax. sarian, sargian, sorgian ; Goth. 
saurgan.] To feel pain of mind ; to grieve ; to be sad. 

I SOR'RoVvED,^fi. Accompanied with sorrow. Shak. 

SOR'RoW'FlJL, a. 1. Sad ; grieving for the loss of some 
good, or on account of some expected evil. 2. Deeply 
serious ; depressed ; dejected. 1 Sam. i. 3. Producing sor- 
row ; exciting grief ; momnful. 4. Expressing grief ; ac- 
companied with grief. 

SOR'RoW-FUL-L'Y, adv. In a sorrowful manner; in a 
inanner to produce grief. 

SOR'RqW-FUL-NESS, n. State of being sorrowful ; grief. 

SOR'RoW-ING, ppr. Feeling sorrow, grief or regret. 

SOR'RoW-ING, 7t. Expression of sorrow. Browne. 

SOR'RoW-LESS, a. Free from sorrow. 

SOR'RY, a. [Sax. sarig, sari.] 1. Grieved for the loss of 
some good ; pained for some evil that has happened to 
one's self or friends or country. 2. Melancholy ; dismal. 
3. Poor: mean; vile; worthless. 

SORT, n'. [Fr. sorte ; It. sorta ; Sp. suerte ; Port, sorte ; G. 
sorte ; S w., Dan. 5ori ,• L, sors.] 1. A kind or species; 
any number or collection of individual persons or things 
characterized by the same or like qualities. 2. Manner ; 
form of being or acting. 3. Class or order. 4. Rank ; 
condition above the vulgar ; [obs.] Shak. 5. A company 
or knot of people; [obs.] 6. Degree of any quality. 7. 
Lot ; [obs.] 8. A pair ; a set ; a suit. 

SORT, V. t. 1. To separate, as things having like qualities 
from other things, and place them in distinct classes or 
divisions. 2. To reduce to order from a state of confu- 
sion. 3. To conjoin ; to put together in distribution. 4. 
To cull ; to choose from a number ; to select. 

SORT, v.i. 1. To be joined with others of the same spe- 
cies. 2. To consort ; to associate. 3. To suit ; to fit. 4. 
[Fr. sortir.] To terminate ; to issue ; to have success ; [obs.] 
5. To fall out ; [obs.] 

SORT'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be sorted. 2. Suitable ; be- 
fitting. Bacon. 

SORT'A-CLY, adv. Suitably ; fitly. 

fSORT'AL, a. Pertaining to or designating a sort. Locke. 

JSORT'ANCE, 7!. Suitableness; agreement. Shak. 

SORT'I-LEGE, n. [Fr. ; L. sortilegium.] The act or prac- 
tice of drawing lots. [Sortilegy is not used.] 

SORT-I-Le'6T-OUS, a. Pertaining to sortilege. Daubiii. 

SOR-TI"TION, n. [L. sortitio.] Selection or appomtment 
by lot. Bp. Hall. 

SORT'MENT, n. I. The act of sorting ; distribution into 
classes or kinds. 2. A parcel sorted. 

So'RY, n. A fossil substance; a sulphate of iron. 

t SOSSj V. i. To fall at once into a chair or seat ; to sit 
lazily Swift. 

t SOSS, 71. A lazy fellow. 

5K)T, 71. [Fr, sot ; Arm. sodt ; Sp. zote, iota ; Port, zote.] 



1. A stupid person; a blockhead ; a du-. fellow ; a dolt. 

2. A person stupefied by excessive drinking ; an habitual 
drunkard. 

SOT, V. t. To stupify ; to infatuate ; to besot. [L. u.] 

SOT, V. i. To tipple to stupidity. [Little used.] 

SOT'TISH, a. 1. Dull; stupid; senseless; doltish; very 
foolish. SiDift. 2. Dull with intemperance. 

SOT'TISH-LY, adv. Stupidly ; senselessly ; without reason. 

SOT'TISH-NESS, n. 1. Dullness in the exercise of reason ; 
stupidity. 2. Stupidity from intoxication. 

Sou, (soo) n. ; plu. Sous. [Fr. sou, sol.] A French money 
of account, and a copper coin, in value the 20th part of a 
livre or of a franc. The singular is often spelled sous. 

SOUCE. See Souse. 

SOU'CHONG. See Sooshong. 

t SOUGH, V. i. [Teut. soeffen.] To whistle ; applied to the 
wivd. Hist, of the Royal Society. 

SOUGH, (suf ) n. A subterraneous drain ; a sewer. [L. u.] 

SOUGHT, (sawt) pret. and pp. of seek. 

SoUL, n. [Sax. sawel, suwl, or saul ; G. seele ; B.ziel, 
Dan. siel.] 1. The spiritual, rational and immortal sub- 
stance in man, which distinguishes him from brutes; that 
part of man which enables him to think and reason, and 
which renders him a subject of moral government. 2. 
The understanding ; the intellectual principle. 3. Vital 
principle. 4. Spirit ; essence : chief part. 5. Life ; ani- 
mating principle or part. 6. Internal power. 7. A hu- 
man being; a person. 8. Animal life. 9. Active power. 
10. Spirit; courage; fire; grandeur of mind. II. Gener- 
osity; nobleness of mind; a colloquial use. 12. An intel- 
ligent being. 13. Heart; affection. — 14. In Scripture, 
appetite. Prov. xxvii. 15. A familiar compellation of a 
person, but often expressing some qualities of the mind ; 
as, he was a good soul. 

t SoUL, V. t. To endue with a soul. Chaucer. 

t SOUL, or t SOWL, v. i. [Sax. suji, sufel.] To aflTord suit- 
able sustenance. 

SoUL'-BELL, n. The passing bell. Hall. 

SoUL-DE-STROY'ING, a. Pernicious to the soul. 

t SoUL-DIS-eAS'ED, a. Diseased in soul or mind. Spenser. 

SoULED, a. Furnished with a soul or mind. [Little %ised.] 
Dryden 

SoUL'LESS, a. Without a soul, or without greatness or 
nobleness of mind ; mean ; spiritless. Shak. 

SoUL'-S€OT, or SoUL'-SHOT, n. [soul and scot.] A 
funeral duty, or money paid by the Romanists in former 
times for a requiem for the soul. 

SoUL'-SELL-ING, a. Selling persons ; dealing in the pur- 
chase and sale of human beings. J. Barlow. 

SoUL'-SI€K, a. [soul and sick ] Diseased in mind or soul ; 
morally diseased. Hall. 

SOUND, a. [Sax. sund ; D. gezond ; G. gesund ; Dan., Sw. 
sund.] 1. Entire; unbroken; not shaky, split or defec- 
tive. 2. Undecayed ; whole ; perfect, or not defective. 
3 Unbroken ; not bruised or defective ; not lacerated or 
decayed. 4. Not carious ; not decaying. 5. Not broken 
or decayed ; not defective. 6. Whole ; entire ; unhurt ; 
unmutilated. 7. Healthy; not diseased ; not being in a 
morbid state; having all the organs complete and in per- 
fect action. 8. Founded in truth ; firm ; strong ; valid ; 
solid; that cannot be overthrown or refuted. 9. Right; 
correct ; well founded ; free from error ; orthodox. 
2 Tim. 1. 10. Heavy ; laid on with force. 11. Founded 
in right and law ; legal ; valid ; not defective ; that can- 
not be overthrown. 12. Fast; profound; unbroken; un- 
disturbed. 13. Perfect, as intellect ; not broken or defec- 
tive ; not enfeebled by age or accident ; not wild or wan- 
dering ; not deranged. 

SOUND, adv. Soundly; heartily. Spenser. 

SOUND, 71. The air bladder of a fish. 

SOUND, 71. [Sax. sund ; Sw., Dan. sund.] A narrow pas- 
sage of water, or a strait between the main land and an 
isle ; or a strait connecting two seas, or connecting a sea 
or lake with the ocean. 

SOUND, n. [Fr. sonde ; Sp. sonda.] An instrument which 
surgeons introduce into the bladder, in order to discover 
whether there is a stone in that viscus or not. 

SOUND, V. t. [Sp. sondar, or sondear ,• Fr. sonder.] 1. To 
try, as the depth of water and the quality of the ground, 
by sinking a plummet or lead. 2. To introduce a sound 
into the bladder of a patient, in order to ascertain whether 
a stone is there or not. 3. To try ; to examine ; to dis- 
cover or endeavor to discover that which lies concealed in 
another's breast. 

SOUND, V. i. To use the line and lead in searching the 
depth of water. 

SOUND, n. The cuttle fish. Ainsworth. 

SOUND, 77. [Sax. son; W.swn; Ir. soin ; Fr. son ; It 
suono ; Sp. son ; L. sonus.] 1. Noise ; report ; the object 
of hearing ; that which strikes the ear 2. A vibration of 
air caused by a collision of bodies or other means, suffi- 
cient to affect the auditory nerves when perfect. 3 
Noise without signification ; empty noise ; noise and 
nothing else. 



See Simopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; as J ; SasZ ; CHasSH; THasintAw. f Obsolete 



sou 



774 



SOW 



50UND, t i. 1. To make a noise ; to ytter a voice ; to 
make an impulse of the air tJiat shall strike the organs of 
jiearing with a particular effect. 2. To exhibit by sound 
or likeness of sound. 3. To be conveyed in sound 5 to be 
spread or published. 

SOUND, V. t. 1. To cause to make a noise. 2. To utter 
audibly 3 as, to sound a note with the voice. 3. To play 
on. 4. To order or direct by a sound ; to give a signal 
for, by a certain sound. 5. To celebrate or honor by 
sounds ; to cause to be reported. 6. To spread by sound 
or report ; to publish or proclaim. 

SOUND'-BOARD, or SOUND'ING-BoARD, n. A board 
which propagates the sound in an organ. 

SOUND'ED, pp. 1. Caused to make a noise; uttered au- 
diM.y. 2. Explored ; examined. 

SOUND' ING, ppr. 1, Causing to sound ; uttering audibly. 
2. Trying the depth of water by the plummet ; examining 
the intention or will. 3. a. Sonorous 5 making a noise. 
4 Having a magnificent sound, 

SOUND'ING, n. 1. The act of uttering noise ; the act of 
endeavoring to discover the opinion or desires ; the act 
of throwing the lead. — 9. In surgery, the operation of in- 
troducing the sound into the bladder. 

SOUND'ING-BoARD, n. A board or structure with a flat 
surface, suspended over a pulpit to prevent the sound of 
the preacher's voice from ascending, and thus propagating 
it farther in a horizontal direction. 

SOUND'ING-ROD, n. A rod or piece of iron used to ascer- 
tain the depth of water in a ship's hold. 

SOUND'INGS, n. Any place or part of the ocean, where a 
deep sounding line will reach the bottom. 

SOUND'LESS, a. That cannot be fathomed ; having no 
sound. 

SOUND'LY, adv. I. Healthily ; lieartily. 2. Severely ; 
lustily ; with heavy blows ; smartly. 3. Truly ; without 
fallacy or error. 4. Firmly. Bacon. 5. Fast ; closely ; 
so as not to be easily awakened. 

SOUND'NESS, n. 1. Wholeness; entireness ; an unbro- 
ken, unimpaired or undecayed state. 2. An unimpaired 
state of an animal or vegetable body ; a state in which 
the organs are entire and regularly perform their func- 
tions. 3. Firmness ; strengfli ; solidity ; truth. 4. Truth ; 
rectitude ; firmness ; freedom from error or fallacy ; or- 
thodoxy. 

SOUP, 7^. [Fr. soupe ; Sp. sopa ; G. suppe ; D. soep.] Broth ; 
a decoction or flesh for food. 

t SoUP, V. t. To sup ; to breathe out. Wicljffe. 

t SOUP, V. t. To sweep. See Sweep and Swoop. 

SOUR, a. [Sax. sur, surig ; G. sauer ; D. zuur ; Sw.sur; 
Dan. sMwr ; Fr. sur, sure.] 1. Acid; having a pungent 
taste ; sharp to the taste ; tart. 2. Acid and austere or 
astringent. 3. Harsh of temper ; crabbed ; peevish ; aus- 
tere ; morose. 4. AflSictive ; [obs.] 5. Expressing dis- 
content or peevishness. C. Harsh to the feelings ; cold 
and damp. 7. Rancid ; musty. 8. Turned, as milk ; 
coagulated. 

SOUR, n. An acid substance. 

SOUR, V. t. 1. To make acid ; to cause to have a sharp 
taste. 2. To make harsh, cold or unkindly. 3. To make 
harsh in temper; to make cross, crabbed, peevish or dis- 
contented. 4. To make uneasy or less agreeable. — 5. In 
rural economy, to macerate, as lime, and render fit for 
plaster or mortar. 

SOUR, V. i. 1. To become acid ; to acquire the quality of 
tartness or pungency to the taste. 2. To become peevish 
or^crabbed. 

* Source, n. [Fr. source.] 1. Properly, the spring or 
fountain from which a stream of water proceeds, or any 
collection of water within the earth or upon its surface, iii 
which a stream originates. 2. First cause ; original ; 
that which gives rise to any thing. 3. The first producer ; 
he or that which originates. 

SOUR'DET, n. [Fr. sourdine, from sourd, deaf.] The little 
pipe of a trumpet. 

SOUR'-DO€K, n. Sorrel, so called. 

SOURED,_pp. Made sour ; made peevish. 

SOUR'-GoURD, n. A plant of the genus adansoma. 

SOUR'ING, ppr. Making acid ; becoming sour ; making 
peevish. 

SOUR'ING, n. That which makes acid. 

SOUR'ISH, a. Somewhat sour ; moderately acid. 

SOUR'LY, adv. 1. With acidity. 2. With peevishness; 
with acrimony. 3. Discontentedly. 

SOUR'NESS, n. 1. Acidity; sharpness to tire taste ; tart- 
ness. 2. Asperity; harshness of temper. 

SOUR'-SOP, n. A plant. The custard apple. 

* SOUS, n. ; plu. of Sou, or Sol. See Sou. 

SOUSE, n. [Ir. sousgeach.] 1. Pickle made with salt. 2. 

Something kept or steeped in pickle. 3. The ears, feet, 

&c. of swine; [.America.] 
SOUSE, V. t. 1. To steep in pickle. 2. To plunge into 

water. 
SOUSE, V. i. To fall suddenly on ; to rusji with speed ; as 

a hawk on its prey. Dryden. 



SOUSE, V. t To strike with sudden violence. Shah 

SOUSE, adv. With sudden violence. [ Fulgar.] 

f SOU"! 'ER, n. [Sax. sutere ; L. sutor.] A shoemaker , 



t SOUT'ER-LY, adv. Like a cobbler. 

SOUT'ER-RAIN, n. [Fr. ; that is, sub-terrain.] A grotto or 
cavern under ground. [J\rot English.] .Mrbuthnot. 

SOUTH, 71. [Sax.suthjG.sud; Dan. sucZ; ¥r. sud.] 1. 
The north and south are opposite points in the horizon ; 
each ninety degrees or the quarter of a great circle distant 
from the east and west. — 2. In a less exact sense, any 
point or place on the earth or in the heavens, which is 
near the meridian towards th« right hand as one faces the 
east. 3. A southern region, country or place. 4. The 
wind that blows from the south : [obs.] Shak. 

SOUTH, a. I. In any place nortJi of the tropic of Cancer^ 
pertaining to or lying in the meridian towards the sun. 
2. Being in a southern direction. 

SOUTH, adv. Towards tiie south ; as, a ship sails south. 

* SOUTH-EAST', n. The point of the compass equally dis- 
tant from the south and east. Bacon. 

SOUTII-KAST', a. In the direction of southeast, or coming 

from the southeast ; as, a southeast wind. 
SOUTH-eAST'ERN, a. Towards the southeast. 

* S6UTH'ER-LY, (suth'er-ly) a. 1. Lying at the south or 
in a direction nearly south. 2. Coming from the south or 
a point nearly south. 

* SoUTH'ERN, (suth'ern) a. [Sax. suth and em.] 1. Be- 
longing to the south ; meridional. 2. Lying towards the 
south. 3. Coming from the south. 

* S6UTH'ERN-LY, (sutri'ern-ly) adv. Towards the south. 

* SoUTH'ERN-MoST, (sutli'ern-most) a. Furthest towards 
the south. 

=^ SoUTH'ERN-WOOD, (suth'ern-wood) n. A plant agree- 
ing in most parts with tJ>e wormwood. Miller. 

SOUTH'ING, a. Going towards the south. Dryden. 

SOUTHING, 71. 1. Tendency or motion to tlie south. 2. 
The southing of the moon, the tinie at which the moon 
passes the meridian. 3. Course or distance south. 

SOUTH'MoST, a. Furtliest towards the south. 

SOUTH'SaY, ) c c 

SOUTH'SaY-ER. \ ^'' SooTHSAV. 

* SOUTH'WARD, (suth'ard) adv. Towards the south. 

* SOUTH'WARD, (suth'ard) n. The southern regions or 
countries. Raleigh. 

SOUTH-WEST', 71. The point of the compass equally dis- 
tant from the south and west. Bacon. * 

SOUTH-WEST', a. 1. Lying in the direction of the south- 
west. 2. Coming from tlie southwest. 

SOUTH-WEST'ER-LY, a. 1. In the direction of south- 
west, or nearly so. 2. Coming from the southwest, or a 
point near it. 

SOUTH-WEST'ERN, a. In the direction of southwest. 

t SOUV'E-NANCE, n. [Fr.] Remembrance. Spenser 

SOUV'E-NiR, n. [Fr.] A remembrancer. 

SOV'ER-EIGK, ^ ,^„ , _ „, , ^ a. [Fr. souverain ; It. sov- 

SUV'ER-AN, ^isuver-anj| rano;S^.,YorX. soberano.] 

1. Supreme in power ; possessing supreme dominion. 2. 
Supreme; superior to all others; chief. 3. Supremely 
efiicacious ; superior to all others ; predominant ; effect- 
ual. 4. Supreme; pertaining to the first magistrate of a 
nation. 

SoVER-EIGN, (suv'er-an) n. 1. A supreme lord or ruler; 
one who possesses the highest authority without control. 

2. A supreme magistrate ; a king. 3. A gold coin of 
England, value 205. or $4,44. 

t S6V'£R-EIGN-iZE, (suv'er-an-Ize) v. i. To exercise su- 
preme authority. Herbert. 

S6V'ER-EIGN-LY, (suv'er-an-ly) adv. Supremely ; in the 
highest degree. [Little iLsed-.] Boyle. 

S6V'ER-EIGN-TY, (suv'er-an-ty) n. Supreme power ; su- 
premacy ; the possession of the highest power, or of un- 
controllable power. 

SOW, n. [Sax. suga; G. sau.] 1. The female of the hog 
kind or of swine. 2. An oblong piece of lead. 3. An in 
sect ; a milleped. 

SOW'-BREAD, n. A plant of the genus c?/cZa7ne7i. 

SOW'-BUG, n. An insect ; a milleped. 

SOW'-THIS-TLE, n. A plant of the genus sdnchus. 

SoW, V. t. ; pret. sowed ; pp. sowed, or sown. [Sax. sawan ; 
G.s'den; T)a.Ti. saaer.] 1. To scatter on ground, for the 
purpose of growth and the production of a crop. 2. To 
scatter seed over for growth. 3. To spread or to origi- 
nate ; to propagate. 4. To supply or stock with seed. 
_6. To scatter over ; to besprinkle. 

Sow, V. i. To scatter seed for growth and the production 
of a crop. 

Sow, for sew, is not in use. See Sew. 

SOWCE, for soMse. Sec Souse. 

Sowed, pp. Scattered on ground, as seed. 

SoW'ER, n. 1. He that scatters seed for propagation. 2. 
One who scatters or spreads. 3. A breeder ; a promoter. 

SOWING, ppr. Scattering, as seed ; sprinklmg with 
seed. 



* See Synffpsis. A E, T o, ^, ^', long.—FKR, FALL WH^lT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BtRD ;— f Obsolete 



SPA 



775 



SPA 



Sowing n The act ofscattering seed for propagation. 

SOW'IJNS, n. Flummery made of oatmeal somewhat sour- 
ed. Swift. 

SOWL, V t. To pull by the ears. Sliak. 

SoWNj f-p. Scattered, as seed ; sprinkled with seed 

t SoWNE, V. i. To swoon. Minsheu. 

SOY, n. A kind of sauce, used in Japan. 

SOZ'ZLE, n. A sluttish woman, or one that spills water 
and other liquids carelessly. [JVejo England.'j 

SPAAD, (spade) n. [Sp. espato.] A kind of mineral ; spar. 

SPACE, 71. [Fr. espace ; Sp. espacio ; It. spazio ; L. spa- 
iium.] 1. Room ; extension. 2. Any quantity of exten- 
sion. 3. The distance or interval between lines, as in 
books. 4. Quantity of time ; also, the interval between 
two points of time. 5. A short time ; a while. 

t SPACE, V. i. To rove. Spenser. 

SPACE, V. t. Among printers, to make spaces or wider in- 
tervals between words or lines. 

t SPaCE'FUL, a. Wide ; extensive. Sandys. 

SPa'CIOUS, a. [Fr. spacieux ; Sp. spatioso ; It. spazioso ; 
L. spatiosus.] 1. Wide ; roomy ; having large or ample 
room ; not narrow. 2. Extensive ; vast in extent. 

SPa'CIOUS-LY, adv. Widely ; extensively. 

SPa'CIOUS-NESS, n. 1. Vv'ideness ; largeness of extent; 
roominess. 2. Extensiveness 3 vastness of extent, 

SPAD'DLE, n. [dim. of spade.] A little spade. 

SPADE, 7! . [Sax. spad, spada ; G.spaten; B.spaade; Dan., 
Sw. spade.] 1. An instrument for digging, consisting of a 
broad palm with a handle. 2. A suit of cards. 3. A deer 
three years old ; written, also, spaid. 4. [L. sjjado.] A 
gelded beast. 

SPADE, V. t. To dig with a spade j or to pare off the sward 
of land with a spade. 

SPaDE-BONE, n. [spade dSiA bone.] The shoulder blade. 

SPaDE FUL, n. As much as a spade will hold. 

SPA-Dl"CEO[JS, a. [L,. spadiceus.] 1. Of a light-red color, 
usually denominated hay. — 2. In botany, a spadiceous 
flower is a sort of aggregate flower. 

SPA-DILLE', (spa-dil') n. [Fr.] The ace of spade's at ombre. 

SPa'DIX, n. [L.] In botany, tlie receptacle in palms and 
some other plants, proceeding from a spathe. 

SPA 'DO, 71. [L.] A gelding. Brown. 

t SPA-6YR'I€, a. [L. spagzjricus.] Chemical. 

t SPA-GYR'ie, 71. A chemist. Hail. 

(• SPA6'YR-IST, 71. A chemist. Bojjlc. 

SPa'HEE, ; 71. [Turk, sipahi ; Vers, sipahee.] One of the 

SPa'HI, \ Turkish cavalry. 

SPAKE, pret. of speak ,■ nearly obsolete ; now spoke. 

SPALL, n. [Fr. cpaule ^ It. spalla.] 1. The slioulder. [Mot 
English.] Fairfax. 2. A chip ; [obs.] 

SPALT, / 71. A whitish, scaly mineral, used to promote the 

SPELT, ^ fusion of metals. Bailey. 

SPALT, a. [Dan. spalt, a split ; G. spalten, to split.] Crack- 
ed, as timber. [JSTew England.] 

SPAN, 71. [Sax., D. 5;>an ,• G. spanne.] 1. Tlie space from 
the end of the thumb to the end of the little finger when 
extended ; nine inches ; the eighth of a fatliom. 2. A 
short space of time. — 3. A span of horses consists of two 
of nearly the same color, and otherwise nearly alike, 
which are usually harnessed side by side. The word sig- 
nifies properly the same as yoke, when applied to horned 
cattle, from buckling or fastening together. — 4. In sea- 
Tnen's language, a small line or cord, the middle of which 
is attached to a stay. 

SPAN, V. t. 1. To measure by the hand with the fingers 
extended, or with the fingers encompassing the object. 
2. To measure. 

SPAN, V. i. To agree in color, or in color and size ; as, the 
horses span well. [JVew England.] 

t SPAN, pret. of spin. We now use spnn. 

SPAN'CEL, n. A rope to tie a cow's hind legs. [Local.] 
Grose. 

SPAN'CEL, v.t. To tie the legs of a horse or cow with a 
rope. [Local.] Malone. 

SPAN'COUN-TER, or SPAN'FAR-THING, n. A play at 
which money is thrown within a span or circuit marked. 

SPAN'DREL, 7). The space between the curve of an arch 
and the right lines inclosing it. 

t SPANE, V. t. [D, speenen.] To wean. 

t SPANGj 71. [D. spange.] A spangle or shining ornament ; 
a thin piece of metal or other shining material. 

SPAN'GLE, n. I. A small plate or boss of shining metal ; 
something brilliant used as an ornament. 2. Any little 
thing sparlding and brilliant like pieces of metal ; as crys- 
tals of ice. 

SPAN'GLE, V. t. To set or sprinkle with spangles ; to adorn 
with small, distinct, brilliant bodies. 

SP4N'GLED, pp. Set with spangles. 

SPAN'GLING, ppr. Adorning with spangles. 

* SPAN'CEL, (span'yel) n. [Fr. epagneuL] 1. A dog used 
in sports of tlie field, remarkable for his sagacity and obe- 
dience. 2. A mean, cringing, fawning person. 

* SPAN'IEL, (span'yel) a. Like a spaniel; mean; fawn- 
ing. Shak. 



* SPAN'IEL, (span'yel) v.i. To fawn; to cringe; to be 

obsequious. 

* SPAN'IEL, (span'yel) v. t. To follow like a spaniel. 
SPAN'ISH, a. Pertaining to Spain. 

SPAN'ISH, 71. The language of Spain. 
SPAN'ISH-BROOM, n. A plant of the genus s^jartmTre. 
SPAN'ISH-BROWN, n. A species of earth used in paints 
SPAN'ISH-FLY, n. A fly or insect, the cantharis, used in 

vesicatories, or compositions for raising blisters. 
SPANISH-NUT, n. A plant. Miller. 
SPAN'ISH-WHITE, n. A white earth use^d in paints. 
SPANK, V. t. [W. pangc.] To strike with the open hand ; 

to slap. 
SPANK'ER, n. li A small coin.— 2. In seaTnen^s language, 

a ship's driver; a large sail occasionally set upon the 

mizzen-yard or gaff, the foot being extended by a boom 

3. One that takes long strides in walking ; also, a stout 
person. 

SPANK'ING, ppr. 1. Striking with the open hand. 2. a 

Large ; stout ; [vulgar.] 
SPAN'-LONG, a. Of the length of a span. B. Jons on. 
SPANNED, irp. Measured with the hand. 
SPAN'NER, n. 1. One that spans. 2. The lock of a fusee 

or carbine ; or tlie fusee itself. 3. A wrench or nut 

screw-driver. 
SPAN'-NEW, a. [G. span7ien.] Quite new. 
SPANNING, ppr. Measuring with the hand ; encompass 

ing with the fingers. 
SPAR, 71. [D. spar ; G. sparren ; Dan. spar.] ]. A stone 

that breaks into a regular shape ; marcasite. 2. A romid 

piece of timber. 3. The bar of a gate ; [obs.] 
t SPAR, V. t. [Sax. sparran ; G. sperren.] To bar; to shut 

close or fasten with a bar. Chaucer. 
SPAR, V. i. [Sax. spiria7i ; Ir. sparnam.] 1. To dispute ; 

to quarrel in words ; to wrangle ; [thiis used i7i A7nerica.'\ 

9. To fight with prelusive strokes. Joh7ison. 
t SPAR'A-BLE, n. [Ir. sparra.] Small nails. 
SPAR'A-DRAP, n. In jJharinacy, a cerecloth. 

SPAR'A-GUS I [^^^^^'■•] See Asparagus. 

SPARE, V. t. [Sax. sparia7i ; D. spaaren ; G. sparen ; Dan. 
sparer.] I. To use frugally ; not to be profuse ; not to 
vi^aste. 2, To save or withhold from any particular tise 
or occupation. 3. To part with without much incon- 
venience ; to do without. 4. To omit ; to forbear. 5. To 
use tenderly ; to treat with pity and forbearance ; to for- 
bear to afflict, punish or destroy. 6. Not to take when in 
one's power; to forbear to destroy. 7. To grant ; to al- 
low ; to indulge. 8. To forbear to inflict or impose. 

SPARE, V. i. 1. To live frugally ; to be parsimonious. 2. 
To forbear ; to be scrupulous. 3. To be frugal ; not to be 
profuse. 4. To use mercy or forbearance ; to forgive ; to 
be tender. 

SPARE, a. [Sax. spair^] 1. Scanty; parsimonious; not 
abundant. 2. That can be dispensed with ; not wanted ; 
superfluous. 3. Lean ; wanting flesh ; meager ; thin. 

4. Slow. 

t SPARE, 71. Parsinftony ; frugal use. Bacon. 

SPARED, pp. Dispensed with; saved; forborne. 

SPARE'LY, adv. Sparingly. jyiilto7i. 

SPARE'NESS, 71. State of being lean or thin; leanness 

SPaR'ER, 71. One that avoids unnecessary expense. 
JVotton. 

SPARE'RIB, 7?. The piece of a hog taken from the side, 
consisting of the ribs with little flesh on them. 

t SPAR-GE-FA€'TI0N, 71. [L.spargo.] The act of sprink- 
ling. 

SPAR'HAWK. See Sparrowhawe. 

SPAR'ING, ppr. 1. Using frugally ; forbearing ; omitting 
to punish or destroy. 2. a. Scarce ; little. 3. Scanty ; 
not plentiful ; not abundant. 4. Saving ; parsimonious. 

SPAR'ING-LY, ado. 1. Not abundantly. Shak. 2. Fru 
gaily; parsimoniously; not lavishly. 3. Abstinently; 
moderately. 4. Seldom ; not frequently. 5. Cautiously ; 
tenderly. 

SPAR'ING-NESS, 71. 1. Parsimony ; want of liberality. 
2. Caution. Barrow. 

SPARK, 71. [Sax. s^carc ,• B. spartelen.] 1. A small parti- 
cle of fire or ignited substance, which is emitted from 
bodies in combustion. 2. A small shining body or tran- 
sient light. 3. A small portion of any thing active. 4. A 
very small portion. 5. A brisk, showy, gay man. 6. A 
lover. 

t SPARK, V. i. To emit particles of fire ; to sparkle. 

SPARK'FUL, a. Lively ; brisk ; gay. Camden. 

SPARK'iSH, a. I. Airy ; gay, 2." Showy ; well dressed ; 
fine. 

SPAR'KLE, n. 1. A spark. 2, A luminous particle. 

SPAR'KLE, V i. [D. spartelen.] L To emit sparks ; to send 
off small ignited particles ; as burning fuel, &c. 2. To 
glitter ; to glisten. 3. To twinkle ; to glitter. 4. To glis- 
ten ; to exhibit an appearance of animation. 5. To emit 
little bubbles, as spiritous liquors. 

t SPAR'KLE, v.t. To throw about ; to scatter. Sackville. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, j Obsolete 



SPE 



776 



SPE 



SPXRK'LER, n. He or that which sparkles ; one whose 
eyes sparkle. Addison. 

SPAEK'LET, n. A small spark. Cotton. 

fSPARK'LI-NESS, n. Vivacity. Aubrey. 

SPXRK'LING. ppr. or a. Emitting sparks ; glittering ; 
lively- 

SPARK'LING-LY, adv. With twinkling or vivid brilliancy. 

SPARK'LTNG-NESS, 71. Vivid and twinkling lustre. 

SPaR'LING, n. A smelt. Cotgrave. 

SPAR'RoW, n. [Sax. spearaT} A small bird. 

SPARIRSW-GRaSS, a corruption of asparagus, 

SPAR'RoW-HAVVK, or SPaR'HAWK, n. [Sax. spear- 
hafoc] A small species of short -winged hawk. 

SPAR'RiT, a. [from spar.] Resembling spar, or consisting 
of spar; having a confused crystaline structure ; spathose. 

SPARSE, (spars) a. [L. spars-us, from spargo.] 1. Thinly 
scattered; set or planted here and there.— 2. In botany, 
not opposite, nor alternate, nor in any apparent regular 
order. Martyn. 

t SPARSE, (spars) v. t. To disperse. Spenser. 

SPARSED, a. Scattered. Lee. 

SPARS'ED-LY, adv. In a scattered manner. Evelyn. 

SPAR'TAN, a. Pertaining to ancient Sparta ; hence, har- 
dy; undaunted. 

SPASM, 71. [L. spasmus.] An involuntary contraction of 
muscles or muscular fibres in animal bodies ; irregular 
motion of the muscles or muscular fibres ; convulsion ; 
cramp. 

SPAS-MOD'I€, a. [Fr. spasmodique.] Consisting in spasm. 

SPAS-MOD'I€, n. A medicine good for removing spasm. 

SPAT, pret. of spit, but nearly obsolete. 

SPAT, n. 1. The young of shell-fish. 2. A petty combat; 
a little quarrel or dissension ; [a vulgar use of the word in 
JVew Enrrland.] 

SPA-THa'CEOUS, a. Having a calyx like a sheath. 

SPATHE, n. [L. spatha.] In botany, the calyx of a spadix 
opening or bursting longitudinally, in form of a sheath. 

SPATH'ie, a. [G. spathr\ Foliated or lamellar. 

SPATH'I-FORM, a. Resembling sp^r in form. 

SPATH'OUS, a. Having a calyx like a sheath. 

SPATH'U-LATE. See Spatulate. 

t SPa'TIATE, v. i. [L. spatior.] To rove ; to ramble. 

SPAT'TER, V. t. 1. To scatter a liquid substance on ; to 
sprinkle with water or any fluid, or with any moist and 
dirty matter. — 2. Figuratively, to aspei-se ; to defame. 3. 
To throw out any thing ofiensive ; [obs.] Shak. 4. To 
scatter about. 

SPAT'TER, V. i. To throw out of the mouth in a scattered 
manner; to sputter. See Sputter. Milton. 

SPAT'TER-DASH-ES, n. plu. [spatter and dasJi.] Cover- 
ings for the legs to keep them clean from water and mud. 

SPAT'TERED, pp. 1. Sprinkled or fouled by some liquid 
or dirty substance. 2. Aspersed. 

SPAT'TER-ING, ppr. 1. Sprinkling with moist or foul mat- 
ter. 2. Aspersing. 

t SPAT'TLE, n. Spittle. Bale. 

SPAT'TLING-POP-Pr, 7?, [L. papaver spumeum.] A plant ; 
white behen: a species 01 campion. ' 

SPAT'U-LA, in. [L. spathula, spatha.] A slice ; an 

SPAT'TLE, \ apothecaries' instrument for spreading 
plastej«, &c. 

SPAT'U-LATE, a. [L. spathula.] In botany, a spatulate 
leaf is one shaped like a spatula or battledore. 

SPAVIN, 71. [It. spavenio, spavano.] A tumor or excres- 
cence that forms on the inside of a horse's hough, not 
far from the elbow ; at first like gristle, but afterwards 
hard and bony. 

SPAVINED, a. Affected with spavin. Goldsmith. 

SPA, )n. 1. A mineral water from a place of this name 

SPAW, \ in Germany. 2. A spring of mineral water. 

SPAWL, V. i. [G. speichel.] To throw saliva from the 
ni'outh in a scattering form ; to disperse spittle in a care- 
less, duty manner. 

SPAWL, 71. Saliva or spittle thrown out carelessly. 

SPAWL'ING, ppr. Throwing spittle carelessly from the 
mouth. 

SPAWL'ING, n Saliva thrown out carelessly. 

SPAWN, 7?. ]. The eggs offish or frogs, when ejected. 2. 
Any product 01 offspring ; an expression of contempt. 3. 
Offsets ; shoots ; suckers of plants. 

SPAWN, V. t. I'o produce or deposit, as fishes do their 
eggs. 2. To bting forth ; to generate ; in contempt. 

SPAWN, u. i. 1 To deposit eggs, as fish or frogs. 2. To 
issue, as offspring ; in contempt. Locke. 

SPAWNED, pp. Produced or deposited, as the eggs of fish 
or frogs. 

SPAWN'ER, 7?.. The female fish. Walton. 

SPaY, v.t. [W yspazu; L. spado.] To castrate the fe- 
male of a beast by cutting and by taking out the ovaries. 

SPaYED, pp. Castrated, as a female beast. 

BPaY'ING, ppr. Castrating, as a female beast. 

SPEAK, v.i.i pret. spoke, [spake, neaY]y obs.;] pp. spoke, 
spoken. [Sax. spMcan, specan.] 1. To utter words or artic- 
ulate sounds, as human beings ; to express thoughts by 



words. 2. To utter a speech, discourse or harangue; to 
utter thoughts in a public assembly. 3. To talk ; to ex- 
press opinions; to dispute. 4. To discourse; to make 
mention of. 5. To give sound. 

SPeAK, v. t. 1. To utter with the mouth ; to pronounce 
to utter articulately ; as human beings. 2. To declare i 
to proclaim ; to celebrate. 3. To talk or converse in ; to 
utter or pronounce, as in conversation. 4. To address ; to 
accost. 5. To exhibit ; to make known. 6. To express 
silently or by signs. 7. To communicate. — To speak a 
ship, to hail and speak to lier captain or commander. 

SPeAK'A-BLE, a. 1. That can be spoken. 2. Having the 
power of speech. 'Milton. 

SPeAK'ER, 71. 1. One that speaks, in whatever manner 
2. One that proclaims or celebrates. 3. One that utters or 
pronounces a discourse ; usually, one that utters a speech 
in public. 4. The person who presides in a deliberative 
assembly, preserving order and regulating the debates. 

SPeAK'ING, ppr. Uttering words ; discoursing ; talking. 

SPeAK'ING, 71. 1. The act of uttering words; discourse.— 
2^ln colleges, public declamation. 

SPeAK'ING-TRUM-PET, 71. A trumpet by which the 
sound of the human voice may be propagated to a great 
distance. 

SPeAR, 7!. [Sax. speare, spere ; D., G. speer.] 1. A long, 
pointed weapon, used in war and hunting by thrusting or 
throwing ; a lance. 2. A sharp-pointed instrument with 
barbs; used for stabbing fish and other animals. 3. A 
shoot, as of grass ; usually spire. 

SPeAR, v. t. To pierce with a spear; to kill with a spear. 

SPeAR, v. i. To shoot into a long stem. See Spire. 

SPeARED, pp. Pierced or killed with a spear. 

SPeAR'-FQOT, n. The far foot behind ; used of a horse. 

SPiSAR'-GRASS, n. 1. A long, stiff grass. Shak.— 2. In 
Mew England, this name is given to a species of poa. 

SPeAR'ING, Pi"'. 1. Piercing or killing with a spear. 2 
Shooting into a long stem. 

SPeAR'MAN, 71. On^ who is armed with a spear. 

SPeAR'MINT, v. a plant ; a species of mint. 

SPeAR'-THIS-TLE, 7(. A plant, a troublesome weed, 

SPeAR'-WoET, 71. A plant. 

SPECHT, I n. A woodpecker. [J^Tot in use, or local.] Sher- 

SPEIGHT, \ wood. 

SPE''CIAL, (spesh'al) a. [Fr., It. spezials ; Sp. especial : L 
specialis.] 1. Designating a species or sort. 2. Particular 
peculiar; noting something more than ordinary. 3. Ap- 
propriate ; designed for a particular purpose. 4. Extraor- 
dinary ; uncommon. 5. Chief in excellence. 

t SPE"CIAL, 7). A particular. Hammond. 

t SPE"CIAL-iZE, V. t. To mention specially. Sheldon. 

SPE"CIAL-LY, adv. 1. Particularly ; in a manner beyond 
what is common, or out of the ordinary course. 2. For 
a particular purpose. 3. Chiefly ; specially. 

SPE"CIAL-TY, (spesh'al-ty) 72. 1. Particularity ; [little 
u^ed.] 2. A particular or peculiar case ; [/I'aZe 7tscrf.] 3. A 
special contract ; an obligation or bond ; the evidence of a 
debt by deed or instrument under seal. Blackstone. 

SPe'CIE, (spS'shy) n. Coin ; copper, silver or gold coined 
and used as a circulating medium of commerce. 

SPe'CIES, (spG'shiz) n. [L.] 1. In zoology, a collection of 
organized beings derived trom one common parentage by 
natural generation, characterized by one peculiar form. — 
2. In botany, all the plantswhich spring from the same 
seed, or which resemble each other in certain characters 
or invariable forms. — 3. In logic, a special idea, corre- 
sponding to the specific distinctions of things in nature. 
4. Sort ; kind. 5. Appearance to the senses ; visible or 
sensible representation; [little used.] 6. Representation 
to the mind; [little used.] 1. Show; visible exhibition; 
[obs.] 8. Coin, or coined silver and gold, used as a circu- 
lating medium. Arhuthnot. — Q. In pharmacy, a. s\m\i\&; a 
component part of a compound medicine. 10. The old 
pharmaceutical term for powders. 

SPE-CIF'I€, ; a. [Fr. specifique ; It. specifico.] 1. That 

SPE-CIF'I-CAL, ) makes a thing of the species of which 
it is; designating the peculiar property or properties of a 
thing, which constitute its species, and distinguish it from 
other things. — 2. In medicine, appropriate for the cure of a 
particular disease. 

SPE-CIF'IC, n. In medicine, a remedy that certainly cures 
a particular disease. Coze. 

SPE-CIF'I-CAL-LY, adv. In such a manner as to consti- 
tute a species : according to the nature of the species. 

SPE-C1F«I-€ATE, v. t. [L. species and facio.] To show, 
mark or designate the species, or the distinguishing par- 
ticulars of a thing ; to specify. 

SPEC-I-FI-€5'TI0N, 71. 1. The act of determining by a 
mark or limit; notation of limits. 2. The act of specify- 
ing ; designation of particulars; particular mention 3. 
Article or thing specified. 

SPE-CIF'ie-NESS, 71. Particular mark of distinction. An- 
not. on Glanvillc. 

SPEC'I-FiED, pp. Particularized ; specially named 

SPEC'I-FY, v. t. [Fr. specifier; It. specificare.] To mention 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 6, t!. ^, long.—FAH, FALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARlNE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



SPE 



777 



SPE 



oi name, as a particular thing ; to designate in words, so 
as to distinguish a thing from every other. 

BPECT-Fy-ING, ppr. Naming or designating particu- 
larly. 

SPEC'I-MEN, n. [L.] A sample ; a part or small portion 
of any thing, intended to exhibit the kmd and quality of 
the vvliole, or of something not exhibited. 

SPk'CIOUS, a. [Fr. specieux ; It. specioso ; Sp. especioso ; 
Ij. speciosus.] 1. Showy ; pleasing to the view. 2 Ap- 
parently right ; superficially fair, just or correct 5 plausi- 
ble; appearing well at first view. 

SPe'CIOUS-LY, adv. With a fair appearance ; with show 
of right. 

SPkCIOUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being spe- 
cious. Jish. 

SPE€K, n. [Sax. specca.] 1. A spot ; a stain ; a small place 
in any thing that is discolored. 2. A very small thing. 

SPECK, V. t. To spot ; to stain in spots or drops. 

SPE€'KLE, n. A little spot in any thing, of a different 
substance or color from that of the thing itself. 

SPECKLE, V. t. To mark with small spots of a different 
color ; used chiefly in the participle passive. 

SPE€'KLED, pp. or a. Marked with specks ; variegated 
with spots of a different color from the ground 01 sur- 
face of the object. — Speckled bird, a denomination given 
to a person of doubtful character or principles. 

SPEG'KLED-NESS, n. Tlie state of being speckled. 

SPECKLING, ppr. Marking with small spots. 

SPECKT, or SPEIGHT, n. A woodpecker. See Specht. 

SPEe'TA-€LE, n. [Fr.; L. spectaculum.] 1. A show; 
Something exhibited to view ; usually, something pre- 
sented to view as extraordinary. 2. Any thing seen ; a 
sight. — 3. Spectacles, in the plural, glasses to assist the 
sight. — 4. i'^to-MraiiyeZ?/, something that aids the intellectu- 
al sight. 

SPE€-TA-€LED, a. Furnished with spectacles. Shak. 

SPE€-TA€'U-LAR, a. Pertaining to shows. Ilickes. 

SPEG-Ta'TION, 71. [L,. sijectaiio.] Eegard; respect. [Lit- 
tle u^ed.] 

SPEC-Ta'TOR, 71. [L.; Fr. speciateur ; It. spettatore.'] I. 
One that looks on ; one that sees or beholds ; a beholder. 
2. One personally present. 

SPE€-TA-To'ai-AL, a. Pertaining to the Spectator. 

SPEC-Ta'TOR-SHIP, n. The act of beholding. S/iak. 2. 
The office or quality of a spectator. Addison. 

SPE€-Ta'TRESS, ) n, [L. spectatrtx.] A female beholder 

SPEG-Ta'TRIX, \ or looker on. 

SPEC TRE, / n. [Fr, spectre : L. spectrvm.] 1. An appari- 

SPEC'TER, ) tion ; the appearance of a person who is 
dead ; a ghost. 2. Something made preternaturally visi- 
ble. — 3. In conchology, a species of voluta, marked with 
reddish broad bands. Cyc. 

SPECTRUM, n. [L.] A visible form ; an image of some- 
thing seen', continuing after the eyes are closed. 

SPEC'U-LAR, a. [L. specularis.] 1. Having the qualities 
of a mirror or looking-glass ; having a smooth, reflecting 
surface. 2. Assisting sight ; [obs.] 3. Affording view. 

SPEC'U-LATE, V. i. [L. specular; Fr. speculer ; It. specu- 
iare.] 1. To meditate ; to contemplate ; to consider a sub- 
ject by turning it in the mind and viewing it in its differ- 
ent aspects and relations. — 2. In commerce, to purchase 
land, goods, stock or other things, with the expectation 
of selling the articles at a profit. 

t SPEC'U-LATE, V. t. To consider attentively. 

S?EC-U-La'TION, n. 1. Examination by the eye; view; 
[Little used.'] 2. Mental view of any thing in its various 
aspects and relations ; contemplation ; intellectual exam- 
ination. 3. Train of thoughts formed by meditation. 4. 
Mental scheme ; theory ; views of a subject not verified 
by fact or practice. 5. Power of sight ; [ohs.] — G. In com- 
merce, the act or practice of buying land or goods, k.z. in 
expectation of a rise of price and of selling them at an 
advance. 

SPEC'U-LA-TIST, n. One who speculates or forms theo- 
ries ; a speculator. Mllner. 

SPEC'U-LA-TIVE, a. [Fr. speculatif; It. specidativo.] 

1. Given to speculation; contemplative. 2. Formed by 
speculation ; theoretical ; ideal ; not verified by fact, ex- 
periment or practice. 3. Pertaining to view. 

SPEC'U-LA-TiVE-LY, adv. 1. In contemplation; with 
meditation. 2. Ideally ; theoretically ; in theory only, 
not in practice. 

SPEC'U-LA-TlVE-NESS, n. The state of being specula- 
tive, or of consisting in speculation only. 

SPEC'U-LA-TOR, n. 1. One who speculates or forms the- 
ories. 2. An observer ; a contemplator. 3. A spy ; a 
watcher. — 4. In commerce, one who buys goods, land or 
other thing, with the expectation of a rise of price, and 
of deriving profit from such advance. 

SPEC'U-LA-TO-RY, a. 1. Exercising speculation. Johnson. 

2. Intended or adapted for viewing or espying. Warton. 
SPEC'U-LUM, 71. [L.] ]. A mirror or looking-glass. 2. A 

glass that reflects the images of objects. 3. A metallic 
reflector used in catadioptric telescopes. — 4. In surgery, 



an instrument for dilating and keeping open certain parU 

of the body. 

SPED, pret. and pp. of speed. 

SPEECH, 71. [Sax. s^(£c.] 1. The faculty of uttering artic- 
ulate sounds or words, as in human beings ; the faculty 
of expressing thoughts by words or articulate sounds. 

2. Language ; words as expressing ideas. 3. A particular 
language, as distinct from others. 4. That which is 
spoken ; words uttered in connection and expressing 
thoughts. 5. Talk ; mention; common saying. 6. For- 
mal discourse in public ; oration ; harangue. 7. Any de- 
claration of thoughts. 

SPEECH, V. i. To make a speech ; to harangue, [i. m.] 

SPEECH'LESS, a. 1. Destitute or deprived of the faculty 
of speech. 2. Mute ; silent ; not speaking for a time. 

SPEECH'LESS-NESS, n. The state of being ^eechless. 
muteness. Bacon. 

SPEECH'-MaK-ER, n. One who makes speeches; one 
who speaks much in a public assembly. 

SPEED, V. i.j pret. and pp. sped, speeded. [Sax. spedian, 
spccdan ; D. spoeden.] 1. To make haste ; to move with 
celerity. 2. To have success ; to prosper ; to succeed ; 
that is, to advance in one's enterprise. 3. To have any 
condition, good or ill ; to fare. 

SPERD, V. t. 1. To dispatch; to send away in haste. 2 
To hasten ; to hurry ; to put in quick motion. 3. To 
hasten to a conclusion ; to execute; to dispatch. 4. To 
assist ; to help forward ; to hasten. 5. To prosper ; to 
cause to succeed. 6. To furnish in haste. 7. To dis- 
patch ; to kUl ; to ruin ; to destroy. 

SPEED, n. 1. Swiftness; quickness; celerity; applied to 
animals. 2. Haste ; dispatch. 3. Rapid pace. 4. Suc- 
cess ; prosperity in an undertaking ; favorable issue ■ 
that is, advance to the desired end. 

t SPEEDFUL, a. Serviceable; useful. Wicliffe. 

SPEED! LY, adv. Quickly ; with haste ; in a short time. 

SPEED'I-NESS, n. The quahty of being speedy; quick- 
ness; celerity; haste; dispatch. 

SPE ED' WELL, n. A plant of the genus veronica. 

SPEED'Y, a, 1. Quick ; ^wift ; nimble; hasty; rapid in 
motion. 2. Quick in performance ; not dilatory or slow 

tSPEET, V. t. [D. speeten.] To stab. 

SPEIGHT, n. A woodpecker. [JVot in use, or local.] 

SPELK, 71. [Sax. 5/)eZc.] A splinter; a small stick or rod 
used in thatching. [Local.] Grose. 

SPELL, n. [Sax. spel, or spell, a story.] 1. A story ; a tale : 
[obs.] Chaucer. 2. A charm consisting of soine words of 
occult power. 3. A turn of work ; relief; turn of duty , 
as, take a spell at the pump. Seamen. — 4. In JVew £710-- 
land, a short time ; a little time ; [710* elegant.] .5. °A 
turn of gratuitous labor, sometimes' accompanied with 
presents. JVe?o England. 

SPELL, V. t. ; pret. and pp. spelled, or spelt. [Sax. spellian, 
spelligan.] 1. To tell or name the letters of a word, with 
a proper division of syllables. 2. To write or print with 
the proper letters ; to form words by correct orthography. 

3. To take another's place or turn temporarily in any la- 
bor or service. JVeio England. 4. To charm. 5. To 
read ; to discover by characters or marks ; with out. 6. To 
tell ; to relate ; to teach ; [obs.] 

SPELL, V. i. To form words with the proper letters, either 
in reading or writing. 2. To read. Milton. 

SPELLED, or SPELT, pret. and pp. of spell. 

SPELL'ER, 7!. One that spells ; one skilled in spelling. 

SPELL'ING , ppr. 1. Naming the letters of a word. 2. Tak- 
ing another's turn. 

SPELL'ING, n. 1. The act of naming the letters of a word 
2. Orthography ; the manner of forming words with let- 
ters. 

SPELL'ING-BOOK, n. A book for teachmg children to 
spell and read. ' 

SPELT, n. [Sax., D, spclte ; G. spelz.] A species of grain of 
the genus triticum ; called, also, German wheat. 

t SPELT, V. t. [G. spalten ; Dan. spildcr.] To split. 

SPEL'TER, n. [G., D. spiauter.] Common zink. 

tSPENCE, (spens) 7;. [Old Fr. dispense.] A buttery, a 
larder ; a place where provisions are kept. Chaucer. 

SPEN'CER, n. 1. One who has the care of the spence or 
buttery ; [oJs.] 2. A kind of short coat. 

SPEND, V. t. ; pret. and pp. spent. [Sax. spendan ; Sw 
spendera ; It. spendcre.] 1. To lay out ; to dispose cf ; to 
part with. 2. To consume ; to waste ; to squander. 3 
To consume ; to exhaust. 4. To bestow for any purpose 
.5. To effuse ; [Z. h.] 6. To pass, as time ; to suffer to 
pass away. 7. To lay out ; to exert or to waste. 8. To 
exhaust of force ; to waste ; to wear away. 9. To ex- 
haust of strength ; to harass ; to fatigue. 

SPEND, V. i. I. To make expense ; to make disposition of 
money. 2. To be lost or wasted ; to vanish ; to be dissi- 
pated. 3. To prove in the use. 4. To be consumed. 5 
To be employed to any use ; [umisual.] 

SPEND'ER, 71. One that spends ; also, a prodigal. 

SPEND'ING, ppr. Laying out ; consummg ; wastmg ; ex- 
hausting. 



» Sfe. Synopsis. MC) 7E, BOOK, D6 VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE — € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



SPI 



778 



SPI 



SPENDING, 71. The act of laying out or expending. 

SPEND'THMFT, n. One who spends money improvident- 
ly j^ a prodigal ; one who lavishes his estate. 

fSPE'RA-BLE, a.VL. sperabitis.] That may be hoped. 

t SPe'RATE, a. [L. speratus.'] Hoped not to be irrecovera- 
ble 

SPERE, V. t. To ask ; to inquire. 

SPERM, n. [Fr. sperme ; L. sperma.] 1. Animal seed ; that 
by which the species is propagated. 2. The head matter 
of a certain species of whale, called cachalot. 3. Spawn 
of iishes or frogs. 

SPER-MA-CE'TI, n. [L. sperma and cetus.] The same as 
sperm 

SPER-MAT'I€, a. 1. Consisting of seed ; seminal. 2. Per- 
taining to the semen, or conveying it. Ray. 

i SPERM'A-TiZE, D. i. To yield seed. Brown. 

SPER-MAT'0-CELE, n. [Gr. cnsppa and ktj'Kt].] A swell- 
ing of the spermatic vesse's, or vessels of the testicles. 

SPER-MOL'O-GIST, 71. [& \neppo\oyos.] One who gath- 
ers or treats of seeds. Diet 

t SPERSE, V. t. To disperse tspenser. 

t SPET, V. t. To spit ; to throw out. 

[■ SPET, n. Spittle, or a flow. 

SPEW, v.t. [Sax. spiwan; H.spuwen; Ti. spue.'] 1. To 
vomit J to puke J to eject from the stomach. 2. To eject 5 
to cast forth. 3. To cast out with abhorrence. 

SPEW, V. i. To vomit ; to discharge the contents of the 
stomach. B. Jons on. 

SPEWED, ;)p. Vomited; ejected. 

SPEW'ER, n. One who spews. 

t SPEW'I-NESS, 71. Moistness ; dampness. Oauden. 

SPEWING, ppr. Vomiting ; ejecting from the stomach. 

SPEWING,?!. The act of vomiting. 

SPEWY, c. Wet; foggy. [Local.] Mortimer. 

SPHAOE-LATE, v.i. 1. To mortify ; to become gangren- 
ous ; as flesh. 2. To decay or become carious, as a bone. 

SPHAC'E-LATE, v. t. To affect with gangrene. 

SPHAC-E-La'TION, n. The process orbecoming or making 
gangrenous ; mortification Med. Repos. 

SPHAC'E-LUS, n. [Gr. cri^aKfXoj.] 1. In medicine and sur- 
gery^ gangrene ; mortification of the flesh of a living ani- 
mal. 2. Caries or decay of a bone. 

SPHAG'NOUS,a. [sphagnum, hog-raoss. Linne.] Pertaining 
to b'"g-moss ; mossy. Bigelow. 

SPHENE, n. [Gr. (r(priv, a wedge.] A mineral. 

SPHE-NOID', I a. [Gr. u(pvv and eiSos.'] Resembling a 

SPHE-^v ID'AL, \ wedge.-^The sphenoid bone is the pte- 
rygoid bone of the basis of the skull. 

SPHERE, (sfeer) n. [Fr. ; L. sphcsra : It. sfera.] 1. In 
geometry, a solid body contained under a single surface, 
which in every part is equally distant from a point called 
its centre. 2. An orb or globe of the mundane system. 
3. An orbicular body, or a circular figure representing the 
earth or apparent heavens. 4. Circuit of motion ; revo- 
lution ; orbit. 5. The concave or vast orbicular expanse 
in which the heavenly orbs appear. 6. Circuit of action, 
knowledge or influence ; compass ; province ; employ- 
ment. 7. Rank; order of society. 

SPHERE, v.t. 1. To place in a sphere; [unusual.] 2. To 
form into roundness. Milton. 

SPHER'IG, ) a. [It. sferico ; Fr. splierique ; L. sphcBri- 

SPHER'I-€AL, ] cus.] 1. Globular ; orbicular; having a 
surface in every part equally distant from the centre. 2. 
Planetary ; relating to the orbs of the planets. 

SPHER'I-CAL-LY, adv. In the form of a sphere. 

SPHERI-CAL-NESS, ) n. The state or quality of beins or- 

SPHE-RIC'I-TY, \ bicular or spherical ; roundne^ss. 

SPHER'ICS, n. The doctrine of the sphere. 

SPHE-ROID', n. [sphere, and Gr. aSos.] A body or figure 
approaching to a sphere, but not perfectly spherical. 

SPHE-ROID' AL, > a. 1. Having the form of a spheroid. 

SPHE-ROID'I€, } —2. In crystalography, bounded 

SPHE-ROID'I-€AL, ) by several convex faces. 

SPHE-ROTD'I-TY, 71. The quality of being spheroidal. 

SPHER-O-SID'ER-ITE, n. A substance found in the ba- 
saltic, compact lava of Steinheim ; called, also, hyatite. 

SPHER'ULE, 71. [L. sphcsrt.la.] A little sphere. 

SPIIER'TJ-LITE, n. A variety of obsidian or pearl-stone. 

SPf-lER'Y, a. 1. Belonging to the sphere. Milton. 2. Round ; 
spherical. Shak. 

SPHINCTER, 71. [from Gr. c^iyyoo.] In anatomy, a muscle 
that contracts or shuts. Coze. 

SPHINX, n. [Gr. (rcpiy^ ; L. sphinx.] 1. A famous monster 
in Egypt, having the body of a lion and the face of a 
young woman. — 2. In entomology, the hawk-moth, a 
genus of insects. 

SPHRAG'ID, 71. A species of ocherous clay. 

T SPl'AL, n. A spy ; a scout. Bacon. 

SPl'CATE, a. [L. spicatus.] Having a spike or ear. 

SPICE, 71. [Fr. epicc ; It. spezie ; Sp. especia.] 1. A vegeta- 
ble production, fragrant or aromatic to the smell, and pun- 
gent to the taste. 2. A small quantity ; something that 



enriches or alters the quality of a thing in a small degree 

3. [Fr. espece.] A sample. 
SPICE, V. t. 1. To season with spice ; to mix aromatic sub 

stances with. 2. To tincture. 3. To render nice; to 

season with scruples. 
SPlCED, pp. Seasoned with spice. 
SPl'CER, 71. ] . One that seast)ns with spice. 2. One that 

deals in epice. Camden. 
SPl'CE-RY, 71. [Fr. epiceries.] 1. Spices in general ; fragrant 

and aromatic vegetable substances used in seasoning. 

2. A repository of spices. 

SPICK ANT) SPAN. Bright ; shining. 

SPICK'NEL, or SPIG'NEL, n. The herb maldmony or 

bear-wort. Diet. 
t SPI-COS'I-TY, n. [L. spica.] The state of having or being 

full of ears, like corn. Diet. 
SPI€5'U-LAR, a. [L. spiculum.] Resembling a dart ; having 

sharp points. 
SPI€'U-LATE, V. t. [L. spiculo.] To sharpen to a point. 
SPI'CY, a. 1. Producing spice ; abounding with spices. 2. 

Having the qualities of spice ; fragrant ; aromatic. 
SPi'DER, 71. The common name of the insects of the genus 

aranea, remarkable for spinning webs for taking their 

prey. 
SPi'DER-CATCH-ER, n. A hUA so called. 
SPi'DER-LiKE, a. Resembling a spider. Slwk. 
SPI'DER-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus anthericum. 
SPIG'NEL. See Spicknel. 
SPIG'OT, 71. [W. yspigawd.] A pin or peg used to stop a 

faucet, or to stop a small hole in a cask of liquor. Swift. 
SPIKE, 71. [W. yspia- ; D. spyk, spyker ; G. speiche ; Dan 

spiger ; Sw. spik ; L. spica.] 1. A large nail ; always, in 

.limerica, apfilied to a nail or pin of metal. 2. An ear of 

corn or grain. 3. A shoot. 4. [L. spica.] In botany, a 

species of inflorescence. 
BPIKE, 71 A smaller species of lavender. Hill. 
SPIKE, V. t. 1. To fasten with spikes or long and large naUs. 

2_. To set with spikes. 3. To stop the vent with spikes. 
SPiKED, pp. Furnished with spikes, as corn ; fastened with 

spikes ; stopped with spikes. 
SPpKE'-LAV-EN-DER,7i. The lavandula spica. Ed.Encyc. 
SPiKE'LET, 71. In botany, a small spike of a large one. 
*SPiKE'NARD,(spik'nard,o?-spike'nard)7i. [L,. spica nardi.] 

1 . A plant of the genus nardus. 2. The oil or balsam pro- 
cured from tlie spikenard. 
SPlK'ING, ppr. Fastening with spikes. 
SPlK'Y, a. Having a sharp point. Dyer. 
SPILE, n. [D. spil, ; G. spille ; Ir. spiie.] 1. A small peg or 

v/ooden pin, used to stop a hole. 2. A stake driven into 

the ground to protect a bank, &c. 
SPILL, n. [a diflerent orthography of spile.] 1. A small 

peg or pin for stopping a cask. 2. A little bar or pin of 

iron. 3*. A little sum of money ; [obs.] 
SPILL, V. t. ; pret. and pp. spilled, or spilt. [Sax. spillan ; 

D., G. spillen.] 1. To suffer to fall or run out of a vessel ; 

to Inae or suff"er to be scattered. 2. To suffer to be shed 

3. To cause to flow out or lose ; to shed. 4, To mischief; 
to destroy ; [obs.] 5. To throw away. — 6. In seamen's 
language, to discharge the wind out of the cavity or belly 
of a sail. 

SPILL, V. i. 1. To waste ; to be prodigal ; [obs.] 2. To be 
shed ; to be suffered to fall, be lost or wasted. Watts. 

SPILLED, pp. Suffered to fall, as liquids ; shed. 

SPILL'ER, 71. 1. One that spills or sheds. 2. A kind of 
fishing line. Carew. 

SPILL'ING, ppr. Suffering to fall or run out, as liquids ; 
shedding. 

SPILL'ING-LlNES, in a ship, are ropes for furling more 
conveniently the square-sails. Mar. Diet. 

SPILT, pret. and pp. of spill. 

t SPILTH, ?!. [from spill.] Any thing spilt. Shak. 

SPIN, V. t. ; pret. and pp. spun. Span is not used. [Sax., 
Goth, spinnaa; D., G. spinnen.] 1. To draw out and twist 
into threads, either by the hand or machinery. 2. To 
draw out tediously ; to fonn by a slow process or by de- 
grees ; with out. 3. To extend to a great length. 4. To 
draw out ; to protract ; to spend by delays. 5. To whirl 
with a thread ; to turn or cause to whirl. 6, To draw out 
from the stomach in a filament. 

SPIN, V. i. 1. To practice spinning ; to work at drawing ana 
twisting threads. 2. To perform the act of drawing and 
twisting threads. 3. To move round rapidly ; to whirl. 

4. To stream or issue in a thread or small current. 
SPIN'ACH, ) , . ... (n. [h. spinacia ; It. spinace.] A 
SPIN'AGE, S (.spmaje; | plant of the genus spi7ia<;ia. 
SPl'NAL, a. Pertaining to the spine or back bone. 
SPIN'DLE, 7!. [Sax., Dan. spindel.] 1. The pin used in 

spinning-wheels for twisting the thread, and on which the 
thread, when twisted, is wound. 2. A slender, pointed 
rod or pin on which any thing turns. 3. The fusee of a 
watch. 4. A long, slender stalk. 5. The lower endf of a 
capstan, shod with iron ; the pivot. 
SPIN'DLE, V. i. To shoot or grow in a long, slender stalk. 



* See Synapsis. a, E, T, O, U, "P, long.—YK?., FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;- 



t Obsolete 



SPI 



779 



SPI 



ofrN''DLE-LEi»S, in. A tall, slender person; incon- 

SPIN'DLE-SHANKS, \ tempt. 

SriN'DLE-SHANKED, a. Having long, slender legs. 

SPIN'DLE-SIIaPED, a. Having the shape of a spindle ; 
fusiform. Martyn. 

SPIN DLE-TREE, n. A plant, prick-wood. 

SPINE, 71. [L., It. spina ; Fr. epine.} 1. The bach-bone 
of an animal. 2. The shin of the leg. 3. A thorn 3 a 
sharp process from the woody part of a plant. 

SPl NEL, or SPI-NELLE', n. [It. spinella.] The spindle 
ruby, says Hawj, is the true ruby, a gem of a red color. 

SPI-NELL'ANE, n. A mineral occurring in small crystal- 
ine masses and in minute crystals. Fhillips. 

SPI-NES'CENT, a. Becoming hard and thorny. 

SPIN'ET, n. [It. spinetta.] An instrument of music resem- 
bling a harpsichord, but smaller; a virginal ; a clavichord. 

f SPIN'ET, n. [L. spinetum.] A small wood or place where 
briars and thorns grow. B. Jonson. 

SPI-NIF'ER-OUS, a. \li. spina axiAfero.'] Producing spines ; 
bearing thorns. 

SPINK, n. A bird 3 a finch. HaHe. 

SPINNER,?!. 1. One that spins. 2. A spider. 

SPIN'NING, ppr. Drawing out and twisting into threads ; 
drawing out 3 delaving. 

SPIN'NING, n. 1. The act of drawing out and twisting 
into threads. 2. The act of forming webs. 

SPIN'NING-JEN-NY, a. An engine for spinning wool or 
cotton, in the manufacture of cloth. 

SPINNING-WHEEL, n. A wheel for spinning. 

SPIN'0-LET, n. A small bird of the lark kind. 

SPI-NOS'I-TY, n. The state of being spiny or thorny 3 
Cj-abbedness. Olanville. 

SPi'NOUS, a. [Ij. spinosus.'] Full of spines 3 thorny. 

SPr'NO-ZISM, 71. The doctrines of Spinoza. 

SPIN'STER, n. \^spin and ster.] 1. A woman who spins, 
or whose occupation is to spin. — ^2. In laio, the common 
title by which a woman without rank or distinction is 
designated. 

SPIN'STRY, 7? The business of spinning. Milton. 

SPIN'THERE, 71. A mineral of a greenish-gray color. 

SPl'NY, a. [from spine.] I. Full of spines 3 thorny. 2. Per- 
plexed 3 difficult 3 troublesome. Digby. 

*SPiR'A-€LE, 71. [L. spiraculum.] 1. A small aperture 
in animal and vegetable bodies, by which air or other flu- 
id is exhaled or inhaled 3 a small hole, orifice or vent 3 a 
pore 3 a minute passage. 2. Any small aperture, hole or 
vent. 

SPl'RAL, a. [It. spirale ; Fr. spiral.] Winding round a 
cylinder or other round body, or in a circular form, and at 
the same time rising or advancing forward 3 winding like 
a^screw. 

SPl'RAL-LY, adv. In a spiral form or direction 3 in the 
manner of a screw. Ray. 

t SPI-Ra'TION, 71. [L. spiratio.] A breathing. Barroio. 

SPIRE, 71. [L. spira ; Gr. cneipa ; Sp. espira.] 1. A wind- 
ing line like the threads of a screw; any thing wreathed 
or contorted ; a curl 5 a twist 3 a wreath. 2, A body that 
shoots up to a point; a tapering body ; a round pyramid 
or pyramidical body ; a steeple. 3. A stalk or blade of 
grass or other plant. 4. The top or uppermost point of a 
thing. 

SPIRE, V. i. 1. To shoot 3 to shoot up pyramidically. 2. 
To breathe ; [obs.] 3. To sprout, as grain in malting. 

SPIRED, a. Having a spire. Mason. 

SPlR'IT, 71. [Fr. esprit ; It. spirito ; Sp. espiritu ; L. spiri- 
tus.] I. Primarily, wind ; air in motion ; hence, breath ; 
[I. u.] 2. Animal excitement, or the effect of it ; life ; 
ardor ; fire ; courage ; elevation or vehemence of mind ; 
as, the troops attacked the enemy with great spirit ; the 
young man has the spirit of youth ; he speaks or acts 
with spirit. — Spirits, in the plural, is used in nearly a like 
sense ; as, the troops began to recover their spirits. Swift. 
3. Vigor of intellect; genius; as, "His wit, his beauty 
and his spirit.'" Butler. " The noblest spirit or genius 
cannot deserve enough of mankind to pretend to the 
esteem of heroic virtue." Temple. 4. Temper ; disposi- 
tion of mind, habitual or temporary ; as, a man of a gen- 
erous spirit, or of a revengeful spirit ; the ornament of a 
meek and quiet spirit. 5. The soul of man ; the intelli- 
gent, immaterial and immortal part of human beings. 6. 
An immaterial, intelligent substance. 7. An immaterial, 
intelligent being. 8. Turn of mind ; temper ; occasional 
state of the mind. 9. Powers of mind distinct from the 
body. 10. Sentiment; perception. 11. Eager desire; 
disposition of mind excited and directed to a particular 
object. 12. A person of activity ; a man of life, vigor or 
enterprise. 13. Persons distinguished by qualities of the 
mind. 14. Excitement of mind ; animation : cheerful- 
ness ; usually in the plural. 15. Life or strength of re- 
semblance ; essential qualities. 16. Something eminently 
pure and refined. 17. That which hath power or energy ; 
the quality of any substance which manifests life, activi- 
ty or the power of strongly affecting other bodies. 18. A 
etrong, pungent or stimulating liquor, usually obtained 



by distillation, as rum, brandy, gin, whisky. 19. An 
apparition ; a ghost. 20. The renewed nature of man 
Oal. v. 21. The influences of the Holy Spirit. Malt 
xxii. — Holy Spirit, the third person in the Trinity. 

SPIR'IT, V. t. 1. To animate ; to actuate, as a spirit ; [I. «.] 
2. To animate with vigor ; to excite ; to encourage. 3" 
To kidnap. — To spirit atpay, to entice or seduce. 

t SPIR'IT- AL-LY, adv. By means of the breath. 

SPlR'lT-ED, pp. 1. Animated ; encouraged ; incited. 2. a 
Animated ; full of life ; lively ; full of spirit or fire. 

SPlR'IT-ED-LY, adv. In a lively manner ; with spirit. 

SPlR'IT-ED-NESS, 7i. 1. Life ; animation. 2. Disposition 
or make of mind ; used in compounds. 

t SPiR'IT-FUL, a. Lively ; full of spirit. Ash. 

t SPlR'IT-FUL-LY, adv. In a lively manner 

t SPiR'IT-FtjL-NESS, 71. Liveliness; sprightliness, 

SPlR'IT-LESS, a. 1. Destitute of spirits ; wanting anima- 
tion 5 wanting cheerfulness ; dejected 3 depressed. 2. 
Destitute of vigor ; wanting life, courage or fire. 3. Hav- 
ing no breath ; extinct ; dead. Greenhill. 

SPIR'IT-LESS-LY, adv. Without spirit ; without exertion. 

SPIR'IT-LESS-NESS, 71. Dullness ; want of life or vigor. 

SPIR'IT-OUS, a. 1. Like spirit ; refined ; defecated ; pure. 
Milton. 2. Fine 3 ardent ; active. Smith. 

SPIR'IT-OUS-NESS, 71. A refined state ; fineness and ac- 
tivity of parts. Boyle. 

SPlR'IT-U-AL, a. [Fr. spirituel ; It. spirituale ; L. spiritu- 
alis.] 1. Consisting of spirit ; not material; incorporeal 

2. Mental ; intellectual. 3. Not gross ; refined from ex- 
ternal things ; not sensual 3 relative to mind only. 4. Not 
lay or temporal 3 relating to sacred things ; ecclesiastical. 

5. Pertaining to spirit or to the affections ; pure ; holy. 

6. Pertaining to the renewed nature of man. 7. Not 
fleshly ; not material. 8. Pertaining to divine things. — 
Spiritual court, an ecclesiastical court. 

SPIR'IT-U-AL-IST, 71. One who professes a regard for spir- 
itual things only 3 one whose employment is spiritual. 
Hallywell. 

SPlR-IT-U-AL'I-TY, 77. 1. Essence distinct from matter; 
immateriality. 2. Intellectual nature. 3. Spiritual na- 
ture 5 the quality which respects the spirit or affections of 
the heart only, and the essence of true religion. 4. Spir- 
itual exercises and holy affections. 5. That which belong, 
to the church, or to a person as an ecclesiastic, or to reli- 
gion. 6. An ecclesiastical body 3 {obs.] Shak. 

SPiR-IT-U-AL-I-Za'TION, 7?. the act of spiritualizing.— 
In chemistry, the operation of extracting spirit from natu 
ral bodies. Encyc. 

SPlR'IT-U-AL-iZE, V. i. [Fr. spiritualiser.] 1. To refine 
the intellect 3 to purify from the feculences of the world. 
— 2. In chemistry, to extract spirit from natural bodies. 

3. To convert to a spiritual meaning. 
SPIR'IT-U-AL-LY, adv. Without corporeal grossness or 

sensuality; in a manner conformed to the spirit of true 
religion ; with purity of spirit or heart. 

SPlR'IT-U-OUS, a. [Fr. spiritueiix.] 1. Containing spirit ; 
consisting of refined spirit; ardent. 2. Having the quali- 
ty of spirit; fine; pure; active. 3. Lively; gay; vivid j 
airy ; [obs.] 

SP'iR'IT-U-OUS-NESS, 7/. 1. The quality of being spiritu- 
ous ; ardor ; heat ; stimulating quality. 2. Life ; tenui- 
ty 3 activity. 

SPIRT. See Spuet, the more correct orthography. 

SPiR'TLE, V. t. To shoot scatteringly. Drayton. 

SPlR'Y, a. 1. Of a spiral form 3 wreathed ; curved. 2. 
Having the form of a pyramid ; pyramidical. 

t SPISS, a. -[L. spissus.] Thick ; close ; dense. 

SPISS'I-TUDE, 71. Thickness of soft substances ; the dense- 
ness or compactness which belongs to substances not per- 
fectly liquid nor perfectly solid. 

SPIT, '71. |Sax. spitu; D. spit; Sw. spett.] 1. An iron 
prong or bar pointed, on which meat is roasted. 2. [D. 
epit, a spade.] Such a depth of earth as is pierced by the 
spade at once. 3. A small point of land running into the 
sea, or a long narrow shoal extending from the shore into 
the sea. 

SPIT, V. t. 1. To thrust a spit through 3 to put upon a spit. 
2. To thrust through ; to pierce. 

SPIT, V. t. ; pret. and pp. spit. Spat is obsolete. [Sax. spit 
tan : Sw. spotta ; Dan. spytter.] 1. To eject from the 
mouth ; to thrust out, as saliva. 2. To eject or throw out 
with violence. 

SPIT, V. I. To throw out saliva from the mouth. 

SPIT, 7?,. [Dan. spyt.] What is ejected from the mouth , 
saliva. 

fSPIT'AL, or tSPIT'TEL, 7i. Corrupted from hospital, 
as, " rob not the spital," or charitable toundation. 

SPITCH'€0€K, V. t. To split an eel lengthwise and broil it. 

SPITCH'eOCK, 71. An eel split and broiled. Decker. 

SPITE, 71. [D. spyt ; Tr. spid ; It. dispetto.] Hatred ; rancor , 
malice ; malignity ; malevolence. Spite, however, is not 
always synonymous with these words. It often denotes 
a less deliberate and fixed hatred than malice and malig- 
nity, and is often a sudden fit of ill will excited by temixv 



» See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE —BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



SPL 



780 



SFO 



rary vexation. It is tlie effect of extreme irritation, and 
is accompanied with a desire of revenge, or at least a de- 
sire to vex the object of ill will. — In spite of, in opposition 
to all efforts ; in defiance or contempt of. 

SPITE, V. t. 1. To be angry or vexed at. 2. To mischief j 
to vex ; to treat malicious y ; to thwart. 3. To fill with 
spite or vexation ; to offend ; to vex ; [obs.l 

SPlT'ED,pp. Hated J vexed. 

SPlTE'FliL, a. Filled with spite ; having a desire to vex, 
annoy or injure ; malignant; malicious. Shak. 

SPlTE'FUL-LY, adv. With a desire to vex, annoy or in- 
jure ; malignantly ; maliciously. Swift. 

SPlTE'FUL-NESS, n. The desire to vex, annoy or mis- 
chief, proceeding from irritation ; malice ; malignity. 

SPIT'TED, pp. 1. Put upon a spit. 2. Shot out into 
length. 

SPIT'TER, n. 1. One that puts meat on a spit. 2. One 
who ejects saliva from his mouth. 3. A young deer 
whose horns begin to shoot or become sharp ; a brocket or 
pricket. 

SPITTING, ppr. 1. Putting on a spit. 2. Ejecting saliva. 

SPIT'TLE, 71. [from spit.] 1. Saliva; the thick, moist 
matter which is secreted by the salivary glands, and 
ejected from the mouth. 2. A small sort of spade, [swad- 
dle.] 

SPIT'TLE. See Spital. 

SPIT'TLE, V. t. To dig or stir with a small spade. \_Local.] 

SPIT'VEN-OM, n. Poison ejected from the mouth. 

SPLAN€H-NOL'0-GY, n. [Gr. anXayxva and loyo^.] 1. 
The doctrine of the viscera ; or a treatise or description of 
the viscera. 2. The doctrine of diseases of the internal 
parts of the body. 

SPLASH, V. t. To spatter with water, or with water and 
mud. 

SPLASH, V. i. To strike and dash about water. 

SPLASH, 71. Water, or water and dirt, thrown upon any 
thing, or thrown from a puddle and the like. 

SPLASH'Y, a. Full of dirty water ; wet ; wet and muddy. 

SPLAY, V. t. [See Display,] 1. To dislocate or break a 
horse's shoulder-bone. Johnson. 2. To spread ; \l. u.] 
Mease. 

t SPLAY, for display. 

SPLAY, a. Displayed; spread; turned outward. 

SPLaY'FOOT, I a. Having the foot turned outward; 

SPLaY'FOOT-ED, \ having a wide foot. 

SPLaY'M'OUTH, 71. A wide mouth ; a mouth stretched by 
design. 

SPLEEN, 71. [L. splen ; Gr. o-jiXjjj'.] 1. The milt ; a soft 
part of the viscera of animals, supposed, by the ancients, 
to be the seat of melancholy, anger or vexation. 2. An- 
ger ; latent spite ; ill humor. 3. A fit of anger. 4. A fit ; 
a sudden motion ; [ubs.] 5. Melancholy ; hypochon- 
driacal affections. 6. Immoderate merriment ; [obs.] 
Shak. 

SPLEENED, a. Deprived of the spleen. Arbuthvot. 

SPLEEN'FUL, a. 1. Angry; peevish ; fretful. &'ia/:. 2. 
Melancholy ; hypochondriacal. Pvpe. 

t SPLEEN'LESS, a. Kind ; gentle ; mild. Chapman. 

SPLEEN' W6RT, 7!. [L. spleniam.] A plant; miltwaste. 

SPLEEN'Y, a. 1. Angry; peevish; fretful. Shak. 2. Mel- 
ancholy ; affected with nervous complaints. 

SPLEN'DENT, a. [L. splendens.] I. Shining; glossy; 
beaming with light. 2. Very conspicuous ; illustrious. 

SPLEN'DID, a. [L. splendidus ; Fv. splendide ; It. splendi- 
do.] 1. Properly, shining ; very bright. 2. Showy ; 
magnificent ; sumptuous ; pompous. 3. Illustrious ; he- 
roic ; brilliant. 4. Illustrious ; famous ; celebrated. 

SPLEN'DID-LY, adv. 1. With great brightness or brilliant 
light. 2. Magnificently ; sumptuously; richly. 3. With 
great pomp or show. 

SPLENDOR, 71. [L.] 1. Great brightness ; brilliant lustre. 

2. Great show of richness and elegance; magnificence. 

3. Pomp; parade. 4. Brilliance; eminence. 

t SPLENDROUS, ffl. Having splendoi. Drayton. 

SPLEN'E-Tie, a. [L. spleneticus.] Affected with spleen ; 
peevish ; fretful. Pope. 

SPLEN'E-TI€, n. A person affected with spleen. Tatler. 

SPLEN'I€, a. [Fr. spleniquc.] Belonging to the spleen ; as, 
tlie splenic vem. Ray. 

SPLEN'ISH, a. Affected with spleen ; peevish; fretful. 

t SPLEN'I-TlVE,a. Hot; fiery; passionate; irritable. 

SPLENT, 71. A callous substance or insensible swelling on 
the shank-bone of a horse. Far. Did. 2. A splint. 

SPLICE, ) ^•. «. [Sw. splissa; D. splissen ; G. splcissen.] 

SPLISE, \ To separate the strands of the two ends of a 
rope, and unite them by a particular manner of inter- 
weaving them ; or to unite the end of a rope to any part 
.^another by a like interweaving of the strands. 

SPLICE, n. The union of ropes by interweaving the 
strands. Mar. Diet. ,. n -, 

SPLINT, or SPLINT'ER, n. [D. splinter : G. splint.] 1. 
A piece of wood split off; a thin piece of wood, or other 
so. id substance, rent from the ma,in body.— 2. In surgery. 



a thin piece of wood, or other substance, used to hold oi 
confine a broken bone when set. 3. A piece of bone rent 
off in a fracture. 

SPLINT, I V. t. 1. To split or rend into long, thin 

SPLINT'ER, \ pieces ; to shiver. 2. Tt confine with 
splinters, as a broken limb. 

SPLINT'ER, V. i. To be split or rent into long pieces. 

SPLINT'ER-BaR, 71. A cross-bar in a coach which sup- 
ports the springs. 

SPLINT'ERED, pp. Split into splinters ; secured by splints. 

SPLINT'ER-Y, a. Consisting of splinters, or resembling 
splinters. Kirwan. 

SPLIT, V. t. ,• pret. and pp. split. [D. splitten ,- Dan. split- 
ter.] 1. To divide longitudinally or lengthwise ; to sepa- 
rate a thing from end to end by force ; to rive ; to cleave. 
2. To rend ; to tear asunder by violence ; to burst. 3. 
To divide ; to part. 4. To dash and break on a rock. 5, 
To divide ; to break into discord. 6. To strain and pain 
with laughter. 

SPLIT, v.i. 1. To burst; to part asunder; to suffer dis- 
ruption. 2. To burst with laughter. 3. To be broken ; 
to be dashed to pieces.— To split on a rock, to fail ; to err 
fatally. Spectator. 

SPLIT'TER, n. One who splits. Swift. 

SPLITTING, ppr. Bursting ; riving ; rending. 

SPLUT'TER, 71. A bustle ; a stir. [A low word.] 

SPLUT'TER, V. i. To speak hastily and confusedly. [Low.] 

SPOD'U-MENE, n. A mineral, called by Hauy triphane. 

SPOIL, V. t. [Fr. spolier : It. spogliare ; L. spolio.] 1. To 
plunder ; to strip by violence ; to rob. 2. To seize by vi- 
olence ; to take by force. 3, [Sax. spillan.] To corrupt ; 
to cause to decay and perish. 4. To corrupt ; to vitiate ; 
to mar. 5. To ruin ; to destroy. 6. To render useless by 
injury. 7. To injure fatally. 

SPOIL, V. i. 1. To practice plunder or robbery. 2. To 
decay ; to lose the valuable qualities ; to be corrupted. 

SPOIL, n. [L. spolium.] 1. That which is taken from 
others by violence ; particularly, in war, the plunder taken 
from an enemy ; pillage ; booty. 2. That which is gained 
by strength or effort. 3. That which is taken from anoth- 
er without license. 4. The act or practice of plundering; 
roboery ; waste. 5. Corruption ; cause of corruption. 6. 
The slough or cast skin of a serpent or other animal. 

SPOILED,;?;?. Plundered; pillaged; corrupted. 

SPOIL'ER, 71. 1. A plunderer; a pillager; a robber. 2. 
One that corrupts, mars or renders useless. 

SPOIL'FUL, a. Wasteful ; rapacious. [Little used.] Spenser. 

SPOIL'ING, ppr. 1. Plundering ; pillaging ; coiTupting ; 
rendering useless. 2. Wasting ; decaying. 

SPOIL'ING, 71. Plunder ; waste. 

SPOKE, pret. of speak. 

SPOKE, n. [Sax. spaca ; D. spaak.] 1. The radius or ray 
of a wheel; one of the small bars which are inserted in 
the hub or nave, and which serve to support the rim or 
fellv. 2. The spar or round of a ladder. 

SPoi<;'EN, (spo'kn) pp. of speak. 

SPoKE -SHAVE, n. A kind of plane to smooth the shells 
of blocks. 

SPoKES'MAN, 71. One who speaks for another. 

SPo'LT-ATE, V. t. [L. spolio.] To plunder ; to pillage. 

SPo'LI-ATE, V. i. To practice plunder ; to commit robbery. 

SPO-LI-A'TION, 71. 1. The act of plundering, particularly 
of plundering an enemy in time of war. 2. The act or 
practice of plundering neutrals at sea under authority. — 3. 
In ecclesiastical affairs, the act of an incumbent in tak- 
ing the fruits of his benefice without right, but under a pre ■ 
tendedtitle. 

SPON-Da'I€, ) a. [See Spondee.] Pertaining to a spon- 

SPON-Da'I-€AL, \ dee ; denoting two long feet in po- 
etry. 

SPON'DEE, n. [Fr. spondee ; It. spondeo ; L. spondmis.] A 
poetic foot of two long syllables. Broome. 

SPON'DYLE, > 71. [L. spondylus .] A joint of the back-bone 

SPON'DYL, \ a vertobre or vertebra. Coze. 

SP6NGE. See Spunge. 

SP6NK, 7). [a word probably formed on punk.] Touch 
wood. — In Scotland, a match. See Spunk. 

SPONS'AL, a. [L. spon^alis.] Relating to marriage or to a 
spouse. 

SPON'SI-BLE, a. Worthy of credit. Craven dialect. 

SPON'SION, 71. [L. sponsio] The a^.t of becoming surety 
for another. 

SPONS'OR, 71. [L.] A surety ; one who binds himself to 
answer for another, and is responsible for his default. — In 
the church, t4ie sponsors in baptism are sureties for the 
education ojthe child baptized. 

SPON-TA-NK'I-TY, n. [Fr. spontaneite ; It. spontaneitd.] 
Voluntariness ; the quality of being of free will or accord. 

SPON-Ta'NE-OUS, a. [L. spontaneus.] 1. Voluntary; 
acting by its own impulse or will without the incitement 
of any thing external ; acting of its own accord. 2. Pro- 
duced without being planted, or without human labor. — 
Spontaneous combustion, a taking fire of itself. 

SPON-Ta'NE-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Voluntarily ; of his own 



* See Synovsi^^ A j?,, T, O, t, Y, Zo7ig-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— HN, MARINE, BtRD ;— ^Obsolete 



SPO 



781 



SPR 



will or accord. 2. By its own force or energy ; without 
the impulse of a foreign cause. 

SPON-Ta'NE-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Voluntariness ; freedom 
of will ; accord unconstrained. 2. Freedom of acting 
without a foreign cause. 

SPON-TOON', n. [Fr., Sp. esponton.] A kind of half pike ; 
a military weapon borne by officers of infantry. 

SPOOL, n. [G. spule ; D. spoel.] A piece of cane or reed, 
or a hollow cylinder of wood with a ridge at each end j 
used by weavers to wind their yarn upon. 

SPOOL, V. t. To wind on spools. 

SPOOM, V. i. To be driven swiftly. 

SPOON, n. [Ir. sponng.} 1. A small domestic utensil, with 
a bowl or concave part and a handle, for dipping liquids. 
2. An instrument consisting of a bowl or hollow iron and 
a long handle, used for taking earth out of holes dug for 
setting posts. 

t SPOON, V. i. To put before the wind in a gale. 

SPOON -BILL, n. A fowl of the grallic order. 

SPOON'-DRIFT, n. In seameii''s language, a showery 
sprinkling of sea- water, swept from the surface in a tem- 
pest. Mar. Diet. 

SPOON'FUL, 71. 1. As much as a spoon contains or is able 
to contain. 9. A small quantity of a liquid. 

SPOON'-MeAT, n. [sjwon and meat.] Food that is or must 
be taken with a spoon ; liquid food. 

SPOON'-WoRT, n. A plant ; scurvy-grass. 

SP0-IIAD'I€, ) a. [Fr. sporadiqn3 ; Gr. cnopaSiKog.'] 

SPO-RAD'I-€AL, \ Separate ; single ; scattered ; used 
only in reference to diseases. — Sporadic diseases are opposed 
to epidemics, as accidental. 

SPoRT, 7t. [D. boert.] 1. That which diverts and makes 
merry ; play ; game ; diversion ; also, mirth. 2. Mock ; 
mockery ; contemptuous mirth. 3. That with which one 
plays, or which is driven about. 4. Play ; idle jingle. 5. 
Diversion of the field, as fowling, hunting, fishing. — Li 
sport. To do a thing m sport, is to do it in jest. 

SPoRT, V. t. 1. To divert ; to make merry. 2. To repre- 
sent by any kind of play. Dryden. 

SPoRT, V. i. 1. To play ; to "frolick ; to wanton. 2. To 
trifle. 

SPoRT'ER, n. One who sports. 

SPoRT'FUL, a. 1. Merry; frolicksome ; full of jesting ; 
indulging in mirth or play. 2. Ludicrous ; done in jest 
or for mere play. 

SPORT'FUL-LY, adv. In mirth; in jest; for the sake of 
diversion ; playfully. 

SPoRT'FUL-NESS, n. Play ; merriment ; frolick ; a play- 
ful disposition ; playfulness. 

SPoRT'IVE, a. 1. Gay ; merry ; wanton ; frolicksome. 
Shak. 2. Inclined to mirth ; playful. 

SPoRT'IVE-NESS, n. 1. Playfulness ; mirtli ; merriment. 
Walton. 2. Disposition to mirth. 

SPoRT'LESS, a. Without sport or mirth ; joyless. 

SPoRTS'MAN, n. 1. One who pursues the sports of the 
field ; one wiio hunts, fishes and fowls. 2. One skilled 
in the sports of the field. 

SPORTS'MAN-SHIP, n. The practice of sportsmen. 

SPORT'U-LAR-Y, a. [from L. sporta.] Subsisting on alms 
or charitable contributions. [Little used.] Hall. 

fSPORT'ULE, n. [1,. sportula.]- An alms ; a dole ; a char- 
itable gift or contribution. Ayliffe. 

SPOT, 71. [D. spat ; Dan. spette.] 1. A mark on a substance 
made by foreign matter ; a speck ; a blot ; a place discol- 
ored. 2. A stain on character or reputation ; something 
that soils purity ; disgrace ; reproach ; fault ; blemish. 3. 
A small extent of space ; a place ; any particular place. 
4. A place of a different color from the ground. 5. A va- 
riety of the common domestic pigeon, so called from a 
spot on its head, just above its beak. 6. A dark place on 
the disk or face of the sun or of a planet. 7. A lucid 
place in the hea.vens.— Upon the spot, immediately ; with- 
out changing place. 

SPOT, V. t. 1. To make a visible mark with some foreign 
matter ; to discolor ; to stain. 2. To patch by way of or- 
nament. 3. To stain ; to blemish ; to taint ; to disgrace ; 
to tarnish ; as reputation.— To spot timber, is to cut or 
chip it, in preparation for hewing. 

SPOT'LESS, a. 1. Free from spots, foul matter or discolor- 
ation. 2. Free from reproach or impurity ; pure ; un- 
tainted ; innocent. 

SPOT'LESS-NESS, n. Freedom from spot or stain ; free- 
dom from reproach. Donne. 

SPOT'TED, pp.- Marked with spots or places of a different 
color from the ground. 

SPOT'TED-NESS, n. The quality of being spotted. 

SPOT'TER, n. One that makes spots. 

SPOT'TI-NESS, n. The state or quality of being spotty. 

SPOT'TING, ppr. Marking with spots ; staining. 

SPOT'TY, a. Full of spots ; marked with discolored places. 

t SPOUS'AGE, ?i. [See Spouse.] The act of espousing. 

SPOUS'AL, a. [from spouse] Pertaining to marriage; nup- 
tial ; matrimonial; conjugal; connubial; bridal. 



SPOUS'AL, 71. [Fr. cpousailles ; L. sponsalia.] Marriage 
nuptials. It is now generally used in the plural. 

SPOUSE, (spouz) n, [Fr. epouse ; Sp. esposo, esposa.] One 
engaged or joined in wedlock ; a married person, husband 
or wife. 

SPOUSE, (spouz) V. t. To wed ; to espouse. [L. u.] Chaucer. 

SPOUSED, pp. Wedded ; joined in marriage ; married ; but 
seldom used. Milton. 

SPOUSE'LESS, a. Destitute of a husband or of a wife. 

SPOUT, n. [D. spuit.] 1. A pipe, or a projecting mouth of 
a vessel, useful in directing the stream of a liquid poured 
out. 2. A pipe conducting water from another pipe, or 
from a trougli on a house. 3. A violent discharge of wa- 
ter raised in a column at sea, like a whirlwind, or by a 
whirlwind. 

SPOUT, V. t. 1. To throw out, as liquids through a narrow 
orifice or pipe. 2. To throw out words with affected 
gravity ; to mouth. 

SPOUT, V. i. To issue with violence, as a liquid through a 
narrow orifice or from a spout. 

SPOUT'ED, pp. Thrown in a stream from a pipe. 

SPOUT'ER, 71. A haranguer ; an orator ; in contempt. 

SPOUT'ING. ppr. Throwing in a stream from a pipe or 
narrow opening ; pouring out words violently. 

SPOUT'ING, n. The act of throwing out; a violent or af- 
fected speech ; a harangue. 

SPRA€K. See Sprag. 

SPRAG, a. Vigorous ; sprightly. [Local.] JVote. In .Amer- 
ica, this word is, in popular language, pronounced sp-y, 
which is a contraction of sprigh, in sprightly. 

SPRAG, 71. A young salmon. [Local.] Grose. 

SPRAIN, V. t. [probably Sw. spranga, to break or loosen.] 
To overstrain the ligaments of a joint ; to stretch the lig- 
aments so as to injure them, but without luxation or dis- 
location. 

SPRaIN, 71. An excessive strain of the ligaments of a joint 
without dislocation. Temple. 

SPRAINED, pp. Injured by excessive straining. - 

SPRaIN'ING, ppr. Injuring by excessive extension. 

SPRaINTS, n. The dung of an otter. Diet. 

SPRANG, pret. of spring ; but sprung is more generally 
used. 

SPRAT, 71. [D. sprot ; G. sprotte.] A small fish. 

SPRAWL, V. i. 1. To spread and stretch the body careless- 
ly in a horizontal position ; to lie with the limbs stretched 
out or struggling. 2. To move, when lying down, with 
awkward extension and motions of the limbs ; to scrabble 
or scramble in creeping. 3. To widen or open irregular- 
ly, as a body of horse. 

SPRAWL'ING, ppr. 1. Lying with the limbs awkwardly 
stretched ; creeping with awkward motions. 2. Widen- 
ing or opening irregularly, as cavalry. 

SPRAY, n. [probably allied to sprig.] 1. A small shoot or 
branch ; or the extremity of a branch. — 2. Among sea- 
men, the water that is driven from the top of a wave in a 
storm, which spreads and flies in small particles. 

SPREAD, ) (spred) v. t. : pret, and pp. spread, or spred. [Sax. 

SPRED, \ spra;dan, spredan ; Ban. spreder.] I. To ex- 
tend in length and breadth, or in breadth only ; to stretch 
or expand to a broader surface. 2. To extend ; to form 
into a plate. 3. To set ; to place ; to pitch. 4. To cover 
by extending something ; to reach every part. 5. To ex- 
tend ; to shoot to a greater length in every direction, so as 
to fill or cover a wider space. G. To divulge ; to propa- 
gate ; to publish ; as news or fame ; to cause to be more 
extensively known. 7. To propagate ; to cause to affect 
greater numbers. 8. To emit ; to diff'use ; as emanations 
or effluvia. 9. To disperse ; to scatter over a larger sur- 
face. 10. To prepare ; to set and furnish vi'ith provisions. 
IL To open ; to unfold ; to unfurl ; to stretch. 

SPREAD, (spred) v.i. 1. To extend itself in length and 
breadth, in all directions, or in breadth only ; to" be ex 
tended or stretched. 2. To be extended by drawing or 
beating. 3. To be propagated or made known more ex- 
tensively. 4. To be propagated from one to another. 

SPREAD, 7i. 1. Extent; compass. 2. Expansion of parts. 

SPREAD'ER, (spred'er) n. 1. One that spreads, extends, 
expands or propagates. 2. One that divulges ; one that 
causes to be, more generally known ; a publisher. 

SPREAD'ING, j}pr. 1. Extending; expanding; propagat- 
ing; divulging; dispersing; dift'using. 2. a. Extending 
or extended over a large space ; wide. 

SPREAD'ING, n. Tlie act of extending, dispersing or prop- 



agating. 
tSPI " 



RENT, T^;?. Sprinkled. [See Sprinkle.] Spenser. 

SPREY, a. Spruce. See Spruce. 

SPRIG, 71. [W. ysbrig.] 1. A small shoot or twig of a tree 
or other plant ; a spray. 2. A brad, or nail witir ni a 
head ; [local.] 3. The representation of a small branc^, 
in embroidery. 4. A small eye-bolt ragged at the point 

SPRIG, V. t. To mark or adorn with the represenJatioii of 
small branches ; to work with sprigs. 

SPRIG '-GRYSrTAL, n. Crystal found in the form of a hex- 
angular column, adhering to the stone. 



See Synopsis M(5VE. BOOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K • 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsoleti^ 



SPR 



782 



SPU 



SPRIGGED, pp Wrought with representations of small 
twigs. 

SPRIG'GING, ppr. Working with sprigs. 

SPRIG'GY, a. Full of sprigs or small branches. 

SPRIGHT, I n. [G. spriet.] 1. A spirit : a shade ; a soul ; 

SPRITE, 5 an incorporeal agent. 2. A walking spirit ; 
an apparition. .3. Power which gives cheerfulness or 
courage ; [obs.] 4. An arrow ; [obs.] 

i SPRrGHT, V. t. To haunt, as a spright. ShaJi. 

SPRIG HT'FUL, a. Livelv ; brisk ; nimble ; vigorous ; gay. 

SPRIGHT'FUL-LY, adv'. Briskly ; vigorously. Shak. 

SPRlGHl"FUL-NESS, n. Briskness; liveliness; vivacity. 

SPRiGHT'LESS, a. Destitute of life ; dull; sluggish. 

SPRlGHT'LI-NESS, n. Liveliness ; life ; oriskness ; vigor ; 
activity ; gayety ; vivacity. 

SPRIGHTLY, a. Lively; brisk; animated; vigorous; 
airy; gd./. Dryden. 

SPRING, V. i. I pret. sprung, [sprang not wholly obsolete ,•] 
pp. sprung. lSax.springan;D.,G.springe7i.] 1. To veg- 
etate and rise out of the ground ; to begin to appear ; as 
vegetables. 2. To begin to grow. 3. To proceed, as 
from the seed or cause. 4. To arise ; to appear ; to begin 
to appear or exist. 5. T > break forth ; to issue into sight 
or notice. 6. To issue or proceed, as from ancestors or 
from a country. 7. To proceed, as from a cause, reason, 
principle or other original. 8. To grow ; to thrive. 9. To 
proceed or issue, as from a fountain or source. 10. To 
leap ; to bound ; to jump. 11. To fly back ; to start. 12. 
To start or rise suddenly from a covert. 13. To shoot ; to 
issue with speed and violence. 14. To bend or wind 
from a straight direction oi plane surface. — To spring at, 
to leap towards ; to attempt to reach by a leap. — 7'o spring 
in, to rush in; to enter with a leap or in haste. — To 
spring forth, to leap out ; to rush out. — To spring on or 
upon, to leap on ; to assault. 

SPRING, v.t. 1. To start or rouse, as game ; to cause to 
rise from the earth or from a covert. 2. To produce 
quickly or unexpectedly. 3. To start ; to contrive ur to 
produce or propose on a sudden ; to produce unexpected- 
ly. 4. To cause to explode. 5. To burst; to cause to 
open. 6. To crack. 7. To cause to close suddenly, as 

^ the parts of a trap. 

SPRING, 7!. 1. A leap ; a bound ; a jump ; as of an animal. 
2. A flying back ; the resilience of a body recovering its 
former state by its elasticitj-. 3. Elastic power or force. 
4. An elastic body ; a body which, when bent or forced 
from its natural state, has the power of recovering it. 5. 
Any active power ; that by which action or motion is pro- 
duced or propagated. 6. A fountain' of water; an issue 
of water from the earth, or the basin of water at the place 
of its issue. 7. The place where water usually issues 
from the earth, though no water is there. 8. A souixe ; 
that from which supplies are drawn. 9. Rise; priginal. 
10. Cause; original 11. The season of the year when 
plants begin to vegetate and rise ; the vernal season. — 12. 
In seamen's language, a crack in a mast or 3'ard, running 
obliquely or transversely. 13. A rope passed out of a 
ship's stern and attached to a cable proceedmg from her 
bow, when she is at anchor. 14. A plant ; a shoot ; a 
yuung tree ; [obs.] 15. A youth ; [obs.] 16. A hand ; a 
shoulder of pork ; [obs.] 

i- SPRING'AL, n. A vouth. Spenser. 

6PRING'-B0K, n. [D. spring and bok.] An African animal 
of the antelope kind. Barroic. 

SPRINGE, (sprinj) n. A gin : a noose ; which, being fasten- 
ed to an elastic body, is drawn close with a sudden spring, 
by which means it catches a bird. 

SPRINGE, V. t. To catch in a springe ; to insnare. 

SPRING'ER, ?!. 1. One who springs ; one that rouses game. 

2. A name given to the grampus. — ^3. In architecture, the 
rib of a groin or concentrated vault. 

SPRING'-HALT, n. [spring and halt.] A kind of lameness 
in which a horse twitches up his legs. Shak. See String- 
halt. 

SPRING '-HE AD, 71. A fountain or source. Herbert. 

SPRING'I-NESS, n. 1. Elasticity ; also, the power of 
springing. 2. The state of abounding with springs ; wet- 
ness; spunginess, as of land. 

SPRING'ING, ppr. Arising ; shooting up ; leaping ; pro- 
ceeding ; rousing. 

SPRING'ING, 71. 1. The act or process of leaping, arising, 
issuing or proceeding. 2. Growth : increase. Ps. Ixv.— 

3. In building, the side of an arch contiguous to the part 
iin which it rests. 

jSPRIN'GLE, 71. A springe ; a noose. Carew. 
SPRING'-TlDE, n. The tide which happens at or soon after 

the new and full moon, which rises higher than common 

tides. 
SPRING'- WHe AT, n. A species of wheat to be sown in 

the spring ; so called in distinction from icinter wheat. 
SPRING'Y, a. [fiom spring.] 1. Elastic; possessing the 

power of recovering itself when bent or twisted. 2. Ha%^- 

ing great elastic power. 3. Havuig the power to leap ; 



able to leap far. 4. Abounding with springs or fountains j 
wet ; spungy. 

SPRIN'KLE, V. t. [Sax. sprengan ; D. sprenkelen, spren- 
gen ; G. sprengen ; Dan. sprinkler.] 1. To scatter ; to 
disperse ; as a liquid or a dry substance composed of fine 
separable particles. 2. To scatter on ; to disperse on in 
small drops or particles ; to besprinkle. 3. To wash ; to 
cleanse ; to purify. 

SPRIN'KLE, V. i. 1. To perform the act of scattermg a 
liquid or any fine substance, so that it may fall in small 
particles. 2. To rain moderately. 

SPRINKLE, n. A small quantity scattered ; also, a uten- 
sil for sprinkling. Spenser. 

SPRIN'KLED, pp. 1. Dispersed in small particles. 2. Har 
ing a liquid or a fine substance scattered over. 

SPRIN'KLER, n. One that sprinkles. 

SPRINKLING, j3;>r. 1. Dispersing, as a liquid or as dust. 
2. Scattering on, in fine drops or particles. 

SPRIN'KLING, 71. 1. The act of scattering in small drops 
or parcels. Hall. 2. A small quantity falling in distinct 
drops or parts, or coming moderately. 

t SPRIT, 1-. t. [Sax. spryttan ; D. spruiten.] To throw oat 
with force from a narrow orifice ; to eject ; to spurt. 

SPRIT, V. i. To sprout ; to bud ; to germinate ; as barley 
steeped for malt. 

SPRIT, 71. 1. A shoot ; a sprout. 2. [D. spriet.] A small 
boom, pole or spar which crosses the sail of a boat diag- 
onally from the mast to the upper aftmost corner, which - 
it is used to extend and elevate. 

SPRITE, 71. A spirit. 

SPRlTE'FUL. SeeSpRiGHTFUL. 

SPRlTE'FUL-LY. See Sprightfullt. 

SPRlTE'Li-NESS. See Sprightliness. 

SPRlTE'LY. See Sprightly. 

SPRIT'-SAIL, 71. 1. The sail extended by a sprit. 2. A 
sail attached to a yard which hangs under the bowsprit. 

SPROD, ■)>. A salmon in its second year. Chambers. 

t SPRONG, old pret. of spring. [Dutch.] 

SPROUT, V. i. [D. spruiten"; Sax. spryttan.] 1. To shoot, 
as the seed of a plant ; to germinate ; to push out new 
shoots. 2. To shoot into ramifications. 3. To grow, like 
shoots of plants. 

SPROUT, 7i. 1. The shoot of a plant ; a shoot from the 
seed, or from the stump, or from the root of a plant or tree. 
2. A shoot from the end of a branch. 

SPROUTS, 7?. pZu. Young cole worts. Johnson. 

SPRUCE, a. Nice ; trim ; neat without elegance. 

SPRUCE, V. t. To trim ; to dress with great neatness. 

SPRUCE, V. i. To dress one's self with aflected neatness. 

SPRUCE, 71. The fir-tree ; a name given to a species of 
evergreen, the pinus nigra. 

SPRuCE'-BEER, n. A kind of beer which is tinctured with 
spruce. 

SPRuCE'LY, adv. With extreme or afiected neatness. 

SPRuCE'NESS, n. Neatness without taste or elegance 
trimness ; fineness ; quaintness. 

SPRuE, n. 1. A matter formed in the mouth in certain 
diseases. — 2. In Scotland, that which is thrown ofi" in 
casting metals ; scoria. 

t SPRUG, V. t. To make smart. 

SPRUNG, ^?-ef. and pp. of spring. 

t SPRUNT, V. i. To spring up ; to germinate ; to spring 
forward. 

SPRUNT, 71. 1. Anything short and not easily bent ; [obs.] 
2. A leap ; a spring ; [obs.] 3. A steep ascent in a road ; 
[local.] 

j SPRUNT, a. Active ; vigorous ; strong ; becoming strong. 

t SPRUNT'LY, adv. Vigorously ; youthfully. B. Jonson. 

SPRY, a. Having great power of leaping or running ; nim- 
ble ; active ; vigorous. [This word is in common use in 
JsTew England, and is doubtless a contraction of sprifr.] 

SPUD, 7!. [Dan. spyd.] 1. A short knife ; [I. u.] £ Any 
short thing ; in contempt. Swift. 3. A tool of the fork 
kind, used by farmers. 

SPUD, V. t. To dig or loosen the earth with a spud. [Local.] 

SPUL'LERS of yarn, n. [perhaps properly spoolers.] Per- 
sons employed to see that it be well spun and fit for the 
loom. Diet. 

SPUME, 71. [L., It. spuma.] Froth ; foam ; scum ; frothy 
matter raised on liquors or fluid substances by boiling, ef- 
fervescence or agitation. 

SPUME, V. i. To froth ; to foam. 

SPU-MES'CENCE, 7i. Frothiness ; the state of foaming 
Kir lean. 

SPp'MOUS, ; a. [li. spumeus.] Consisting of froth or scum , 

SPU'MY, \ foamy. Dryden. 

SFlJlSi , pret. and pp. of spin. 

SPUNGE, n. [L, spongia ; Gr. uTtoyyia ; Fr. eponge ; It 
spugna ; Sp. esponja : Sax. spongea.] 1. A porous marine 
substance, found "adhering to rocks, shells, &c. under 
water, and on rocks about the shore at low water. — 2. In 
gnnnery, an instrument for cleaning cannon after a dis- 
charge. — 3. In the manege, the extremity or point of a 
hoi-se-shoe, answering to the heel. 



.See Synopsis. A, E, 1 O, O, S", long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. 



SPU 



783 



SQU 



SPUNGE, V. t. 1 To wipe with a wet spunge. 2. To 
wipe out with a spunge, as letters or writing. 3. To 
cleanse with a spunge. 4. To wipe out completely •, to 
extinguish or destroy. 

SPUNGE. V. i. 1. To suck in or imbibe, as a spunge. 2. 
To gain by mean arts, by intrusion or hanging on. 

SPUNGED, pp. Wiped with a spunge ; wiped out. 

SPUXG'ER, n. One who uses a spunge ; a hanger on. 

SPUNG'I-FORM, a. [spunge and form.] Eesembling a 
spunge ; soft and porous ; porous. 

SPUNG I-NESS, n. The quality or state of being spungy, 
or porous like spunge. Harvey. 

SPUNG'ING-HOUSE, n. A bailiff's house to put debtors in. 

SPUXG'I-OUS, a. Full of small cavities, like a spunge. 

SPUNG'Y, a. 1. Soft and full of cavities ; of an open, 
loose, pliable texture. 2. Full of small cavities. 3. Wetj 
drenched ; soaked and soft, hke spunge. 4. Having the 
quality of imbibing fluids. 

SPUN'-HaY, n. Hay twisted into ropes for convenient car- 
riage on a military expedition. 

SPUNK, 11. [probably from pa7j/f.j 1. Touchwood; wood 
that readily takes fire. — 2. Vulgarly, an inflammable 
temper ; spirit ; as, a man of spunk ; [loic.'] 

SPUNK' Y, a. Spirited ; a low colloquial word derived from 
spunk. 

SPUA''-YXRX, 71. Among seamen, a line or cord formed of 
two or three rope-yarns twisted. 

SPUR, n. [Sax. spur ; D. spoor.] 1. An instrument having 
a rowel or little wheel with sharp points, worn on horse- 
men's heels, to prick the horses for hastening their pace. 
2. Incitement ; instigation. 3. The largest or principal 
root of a tree ; hence, perhaps, the short wooden buttress 
of a post. 4. The hard, pointed projection on a cock's 
leg, which serves as an instrument of defense and annoy- 
ance. 5. Something that projects ; a snag. — 6. In Amer- 
ica, a mountain that shoots from any other mountain or 
range of mountains. 7. That which excites. 8. A sea 
swallow. 9. The liinder part of the nectary in certain 
flowers, shaped like a cock's spur. J\tartiin. 10. [Fr. er- 
got.] A morbid shoot or excrescence in grain, particularly 
in rye. — 11. In old fortifications, a wall that crosses a part 
of the rampart and joins upon the town wall. 

SPUR, V. t. [Ir. sporam.] 1. To prick with spurs ; to in- 
cite to a more hasty pace. 2. To incite ; to instigate ; to 
urge or encourage to action, or to a more vigorous^pursuit 
of an object. 3. To impel 3 to drive. 4. "To put spurs 
on. 

SPUR, V. i, 1. To travel with great expedition ; {unusual.] 
2. To press forward. Greic. 

SPUR GALL, v. t. To gall or wound with a spur. Shak. 

SPUR'GALL, n. A place galled or excoriated by much using 
of the spur. 

SPUR'GALLED, pp. Galled or hurt by a spur. Pope. 

SPURGE", 78. fFr. spurge : It. spurgo.] A plant. 

SPURGE'-FL'AX, n. A plant. [L. thymeUa.] 

SPURGE'-LAU-REL, n. The daphne Zaureoia, a shrub. 

SPURGE'-OL-lVE, n. Mezereon, a shrub of the genus 
daphne. 

SPURGE'-WoRT, n. A plant. [L. xiphion.] 

tSPURG'ING, for purging. B. Jonson. 

SPuRI-OUS, a. [L. spurius.] 1. Not genuine; not pro- 
ceeding from the true source, or from the source pretend- 
ed ; counterfeit ; false ; adulterate. 2. Not legitimate ; 
bastard. 

SPu'RI-OUS-LY, adv. Counterfeitly ; falsely. 

SPU'RI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. The state or quality of being 
counterfeit, false or not genuine. 2. Illegitimacy ; the 
state of being bastard, or not of legitimate birth. 

SPUR'LING, n._ A small sea-fish. 

SPUR'LING-LlNE, ?!. Among seamen, the line which 
forms the communication between the wheel and the 
tell-tale. 

SPURN, V. t. [Sax. spurnan ; L. spenio.] I. To kick ; to 
drive back or away, as with the foot. Shak. 2. To reject 
with disdain ; to scorn to receive or accept. 3. To treat 
with contempt. 

SPURN, V. i. 1. To manifest disdain in rejecting any thing. 
2. To make contemptuous opposition ; to manifest disdain 
in resistance. 3. To kick or toss up the heels. 

SPURN, n. Disdainful rejection; contemptuous treatment. 

SPURNED, pp. Rejected with disdain. 

SPURN'ER, n. One who spurns. 

SPURN'EY, n. A plant. Diet. 

SPURN'ING, ppr. Rejecting witJi contempt. 

SPURN'-WA-TER, n. In ships, a channel at the end of a 
, deck to restrain the water. 

SPURRE, 7!. A name of the sea-swallow. 

SPURRED, pp. 1. Furnished with spurs. 2. a. Wearing 
spurs, or having shoots like spurs. 

SPUR RER, n. One who uses spurs. 

SPURTJ-ER, n. One whose occupation is to make spurs. 

6PUR'-R0Y-AL, n. A gold coin first made in the reign 
of Edward IV. Sometimes written spur-rial or ryal. 
Beaumont. 



L'TLE, v.t. To^'shoot in a scattering manner. [L u\ 
L' Wa Y, « . A horse-path ; a narrow way ; a bridle- 



SPUR'PtY, 71. A plant of the genus spergula. 

SPURT, V. t. [Sw. spruta.] To throw out, as a liquid in a 
stream ; to drive or force out with violence, as a liquid 
from a pipe or small orifice. 

SPURT, V. i. To gush or issue out in a stream, as liquoi 
from a cask ; to rush from a confined place in a small 
stream. 

SPURT, n. 1. A sudden or violent ejection or gushing of a 
liquid substance from a tu>be, orifice or other confined 
place; a jet. 2. A sudden or short occasion or exigency ; 
sudden effort ; [vulcrar.] 

SPUR'TLE, " " ■ 

SPUR' 
road ; a way for a single beast. [Little -used.] 

tSPU-TA'TlON, «. [L.sputo.] The act of spitting. 

t SPU'TA-TlVE, a. Spitting much ; inchned to spit. 

SPUT'TER, V. i. [D. spuiten ; Sw. spotta ; L. sputo.] 1 To 
spit, or to emit saliva from the mouth in small or scattered 
portions, as in rapid speaking. 2. To throw out moisture 
in small detached parts. 3. To fly off" in small particles 
with some crackling or noise. 4. To utter words hastily 
and indistinctly. 

SPUT'TER, V. t. To throw out with haste and noise ; to 
utter with indistinctness. Sicift. 

SPUT TER, n. Moist matter thrown out in small particles. 

SPUT'TERED, pp. Thrown out in small portions, as 
liquids ; uttered with haste and indistinctness. 

SPUT'TER-ER, n. One that sputters. 

SPUT'TER-ING, ppr. Emitting in small particles ; uttering 
rapidly and indistinctly ; speaking hastily. 

SPY, 71. [It. spia ; Fr. espion ; Sp. cspia.] 1. A person sent 
into an enemy's camp to gain intelligence to be commu- 
nicated secretly to the proper officer. 2. A person deputed 
to watch the conduct of others- 3. One who watches the 
conduct of others 

SPY, V. t. 1. To see ; to gain sight of ^ to discover at a dis- 
tance, or in a state of concealment.' 2. To discover by 
close search or examination. 3, To explore ; to view, in 
spect and examine secretly 

SPY, v.i. To search nan-owly ; to scrutinize. 

SPY'-EoAT, 7!. [spy^ and boat.] A boat sent to make dis- 
coveries and bring intelligence. Arbuthnot. 

SPY'- GLASS, n. The popular name of a small telescope, 
useful in viewing distant objects. 

SQUAB, a. 1. Fat; thick; plump; bulky. Betterton. 2. 
Unfledged; unfeathered ; as, a s^j^aS pigeon. King. 

SQ.UAB, 71. 1. A young pigeon or dove. [This icord is in 
common Tise in America.] 2. A kind of sofa or couch"; a 
stuffed cushion. 

t SQUAB, a(f«. Striking at once; with a heavy fall ; plump. 

t SQUAB, V. i. To fall plump; to strike at one dash, or 
with "a heavv stroke. 

SQUAB'BISH, or SQUAB'BY, a. Thick ; fat ; heavy. Har- 
vey. 

SQUAB'BLE, v. i. 1. To contend for superiority ; to scuf- 
fle ;' to struggle. 2. To contend ; to wrangle ; to quarrel 
3. To debate peevishly ; to dispute. 

SQUAB'BLE, n. A scuffle ; a wrangle ; a brawl; a petty 
quarrel. Arbuthnot. 

SQUAB'BLER, n. A contentious person ; a brawler. 

SQUAB'BLING,^/)?-. Scuffling; contending; wrangling. 

SQUAB'-PlE, n. A pie made of squabs or young pigeons. 

SQUAD, n. [Ft. esco^iade.] A company of armed men 3 a 
partv learning military exercise ; any small party. 

SQUAD'RON, 71. [Fr. escadron; It. squadra.] 1. In its pri- 
mary sense, a square or square form ; and lience, a square 
body of troops ; a body drawn up in a square. 2. A body 
of troops, infantry or cavalry, indefinite ^a number. 3. 
A division of a fleet 3 a detacliuient of ships of war, em- 
ployed on a particular expedition ; or one third part of a 
naval armament. 

SQUAD'RONED, a. Formed into squadrons. Milton. 

SQUAL'ID, a. [L. squalidus.] Foul 3 filthy 3 extremely 
dirty. 

SQUAL'ID-NESS, n. Foulness ; filthiness. 

SQUALL, V. i. [Sw. sqvala.] To cry out ; to scream 01 
cry violently ; as a woman frightened, or a cliild in angei 
or distress. 

SQUALL, K. 1. A loud scream 3 a harsh ciy. Pope. 2. 
[Sw. sqval.] A sudden gust of violent wind. Ma. Diet 

SQUALL'ER, 77. A screamer 3 one that cries loud. 

SQUALL'ING, yp»-. Crying out harshly ; screaming. 

SQUALL'Y, a. 1. Abounding with squalls ; disturbed often 
witli sudden and violent gusts of wind. — 2. \n agri^-^dturt. 
broken into detached pieces ; interrupted byunprouuctive 
spots ; [local.] 

SQ'Ua'LOR, 77. [L.] Foulness; filthiness; coarseness. 

SQUAM'I-FORM, a. [L. squama, and form .] IZav.ng the 
form or shape of scales. 

SQUA-MIG'ER-OUS, a. [L. squamiger.] Bear^n^ scales. 

SQUa'MOUS, a. [L. squamosus.] Scaly; cnvereJ with 
scales. Woodward. 

SQUAN'DER,f. f. [G.verschwenden.] 1. To sp-'-pd lavishly 
or profusely ; to spend prodigally 3 to uissinate 3 to waste 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, Do VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE. — € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ;'cH as SH ; TH as in thi<s ] Obsolete 



SQU 



784 



STA 



without economy or judgment. 2. To scatter ; to dis- 
perse; [obs.] 

SQ.UAN'DERED, pp. Spent lavishly and without necessi- 
ty or use ; wasted ; dissipated, as property. 

SQ,UAN'DER-ER, n. One who spends his money prodi- 
gally, without necessity or use ; a spendthrift ; a prodigal ; 
a waster ; a lavisher. 

SUUx\N'DER-ING, ppr. Spending lavishly ; wasting. 

SQ,UARE, a. [W. ciear ; Fr. carre, quarreJ] 1. Having 
four equal sides and four right angles. 2. Forming a 
right angle. 3. Parallel; exactly suitable ; true. 4. Hav- 
ing a straight front, or a frame formed with straight 
lines; not curving. 5. That does equal justice; exact ; 
fair ; honest. 6. Even ; leaving no balance. — Square 
root, in geometry and arithmetic. TJie square root of a 
quantity or number is that wliich, multiplied by itself, pro- 
duces the square. 

SCtUARE, n. 1. A figure having four equal sides and four 
right angles. 2. An area of four sides, with houses on 
each side. 3. The content of the side of a figure squared. 

4. An instrument among mechanics, by wliich they form 
right angles, or otherwise measure angles. — 5. In geovie- 
try and arithmetic, a square, or square number, is the prod- 
uct of a number multiplied by itself. 6. Rule ; regulari- 
ty ; exact proportion ; justness of workmanship and con- 
duct ; [ohs,] 7. A square body of troops ; a squadron ; 
[ohs.] 8. A quaternion ; four ; [ohs.] 9. Level ; equality. 
— 10. In astrology, quartile ; the position of planets dis- 
tant ninety degrees from each other; [oi.s,] 11. Rule ; 
conformity ; accord. 

SQUARE, -y. t. [Fr. equarrir.] 1. To form with four equal 
sides a.-d four right angles. 2. To reduce to a square ; to 
form to right angles. 3. To reduce to any given measure or 
standard. 4. To adjust ; to regulate ; to mold ; to shape. 

5. To accommodatsr ; to fit. 6. To respect in quartile. 7. 
To make even, so as to leave no difference or balance. — 
8. In arithmetic, to multiply a number by itself. — 9. In 
seamen'' s language, to square the yards, is to place them at 
right angles with the mast or keel. 

SQUARE, V. i. 1. To suit ; to fit ; to quadrate ; to accord 

or agree. 2. To quarrel ; to go to opposite sides ; [obs.] 
t SQUARE'LY, adv. Suitably ; in conformity. 
SQUARE'NESS, n. The state of being square. 
SQUARE'-RIGGED, a. In seamen's lav guage, a vessel is 

square-rigged when her principal sails are extended by 

yards s-ispended by the middle, and not by stays, gaffs, 

booms and lateen yards. 
SQUARE'-SaIL, n. In seamen's language, a sail" extended 

to a yard suspended by the middle. Mar. Diet. 
SQUAR'ISH, a. Nearly square. Pennant. 
SQUAR'ROUS, a. Tn botany, scurfy or ragged, or full of 

scales ; rough ; jagged. 
SQUASH, V. t. [from the root of quash ; L. quasso ; Fr. 

casser,] To crush ; to beat or press into pulp or a flat 

mass. 
SQUASH, n. 1. Something soft and easily crushed. Shak. 

2. [qu. Gr. (riKvog.] A plant of the genus cucurbita, and 
its ftoiit ; a culinary vegetable. 3. Something unripe or 
soft ; 171 coiuempt. 4. A sudden fall of a heavy, soft body. 
5. A shock of soft bodies. 

SQUAT, V. i. [W. ysioatiatc ; It. quatto.] 1. To sit down 
upon the hams or heels ; as a human being. 9. To sit 
close to the ground ; to cower ; as an animal. — 3. In the 
United States, to settle on anotlier's land without pretense 
of title. 

t SQUAT, V. t. To bruise or make flat by a fall. Barret. 

SQUAT, a. 1. Sitting on the hams or heels ; sitting close 
to the ground; cowering. 2. Short and thick, like the 
figure of an animal squatting. 

SQUAT, n. 1. The posture of one that sits on his hams, or 
close to the ground. 2. A sudden or crushing fall ; [obs.] 

3. A sort of mineral. 

SQUATT, n. Among miners, a bed of ore extending but a 
little distance. 

SQUAT'TER, n. 1. One that squats or sits close.— 2. In 
the United States, one that settles on new land v/ithout 
a title. 

SQUEAK, V. i. [Sw. sqvaka ; G. quieken.] 1. To utter a 
sharp, shrill cry, usually of short duration ; to cry with 
an acute tone, as an animal ; or to make a sharp noise, as 
a pipe or quill, a wheel, a door and tlie like. 2. To break 
silence or secrecy for fear or pain ; to speak. 

SQUeAK, n. A sharp, shrill sound suddenly uttered. 

SQUeAK'ER, 71. One that utters a sJiarp, shrill sound. 

SQUeAK'ING, ppr. Crying with a sharp voice ; making a 
sharp sound ; as, a squeaking wheel. 

SQUeAL, v. i. [Tliis is only a different orthography of 
squall.'] To cry with a sharp, shrill voice. It is used of 
animals only, and chiefly of swine. 

SQUeAL'ING, ppr Uttering a sharp, shrill sound or voice. 

SQUi5A]VriSH,a. Nice to excess in taste ; fastidious ; eas- 
ily disgusted ; apt to be offended at trifling improprieties ; 
scrupulous. 



SQUeAM'ISH-LY, adm. In a fastidious manner ; with too 
much niceness. 

SQUeAM'ISH-NESS, n. Excessive niceness ; vicious del- 
icacy of taste ; fastidiousness ; excessive scrupulous- 
ness ._ 

t SQUeAS'I-NESS, 71. Nausea. See Queasiness. 

t SQUeAS'Y, a. Queasy ; nice ; squeamish ; scrupulous. 

SQUEEZE, V. t. [Arm. quasqu, goasca.] 1. To press be- 
tween two bodies ; to press closely. 2. To oppress with 
hardships, burdens and taxes ; to harass ; to crush. 3. To 
hug ; to embrace closely. 4. To force between close bod- 
ies ; to compel or cause to pass. 

SQUEEZE, V. i. 1. To press ; to urge oHe's way ; to pass 
by pressing. 2. To crowd. 

SQUEEZE, 7?. 1. Pressure ; compression between bodies. 
PiiiUips. 2. A close hug or embrace. 

SQUEEZED, pp. Pressed between bodies ; compressed ; 
oppressed. 

SQUEEZING, ppr. Pressing ; compressing ; crowding ; 
oppressing. 

SQUEEZ'ING, 71. ], The act of pressing; compression ; 
oppression. 2. That which is forced out by pressure ; 
dregs, 

t SQUELCH, or f SQUELSH, v. t. To crush. [A low word.] 

t SQUELCH, 71. A heavy fall. [Low.] Hudibras. 

SQUIB, 71. 1. A little pipe or hollow cylinder of paper, 
filled with powder or combustible matter and sent into 
the air, burning and bursting with a crack ; a cracker. 2. 
A sarcastic speech or little censorious writing published ; 
a petty lampoon. 3. A pretty fellow ; [obs.] 

SQUIB, V. i. To throw squibs ; to utter sarcastic or severe 
reflections ; to contend in petty dispute. 

SQUIB'BING, ppr. Throwing squibs or severe reflections. 

SQUIB'BING, n. The act of throwing squibs or severe re- 
flections. 

SQUIG'GLE, or SQUIRM, v. i. To move about like an eel. 
These synonymous words are used in New England vi low 
or familiar conversation. The latter is a provincial word in 
England. Pick. Vocab. 

SQUILL, 71. [Fr. squille ; L. squilla.] 1. A plant of the ge- 
nus scilla. 2. A fish, or rather a crustaceous animal. 3. 
An insect, 

t SQUIN'AN-CY, n. [Fr. squinancie.] The quinsy, 

SQUINT, a. [D, schuin, schuinte.] 1, Looking obliquely ; 
having the optic axes directed to different objects, 2. 
Looking with suspicion. 

SQUINT, V. i. 1, To see obliquely. 2, To h^ve the axes 
of the eyes directed to different objects. 3. To slope ; to 
deviate from a tnie line ; to run obliquely. 

SQUINT, V. t. 1, To turn the eye to an oblique position ; 
to look indirectly, 2, To form the eye to oblique vis- 
ion. 

SQUINT'-E^ED, a. 1, Having eyes that squint ; having 
oblique vision. 2, Oblique ; indirect ; mahgnant, 3, 
Looking obliquely or by side glances. 

SQUIN-TI-Fe'GO, a. Squinting. [A cant word.] Dryden. 

SQUINT'ING, ppr. Seeing or looking obliquely. 

SQUINT'ING, 71, The act or habit of looking obliquely, 

SQUINT'ING-LY, adv. With an oblique look ; by side 
glances, 

SQUIN'Y, v.i. To look squint. [A cant word.] Shak. 

t SQUiR, V. t. To throw ; to thrust ; to drive. Tatter. 

SQUIRE, n. [a popular contraction of esquire. See Es- 
quire.] 1. In Oreat Britain, the ti^'e of a gentleman 
next in rank to a knight. — 2. In Oreat Britain, an attend- 
ant on a noble warrior. Pepe. 3. An attendant at court. 
Shak. — 4, In the United States, the title of magistrates and 
lawyers. — In JVew England, ii is particularly given to jus- 
tices of the peace and judges, 5. The title customarily 
given to gentlemen, 

SQUIRE, v.t. I. To attend as a squire.— 2. In colloquial 
language, to attend as a beau or gallant for aid and pro- 
tection. 

SQUiRE'HOOD, or SQUlRE'SHIP, n. The rank and state 
of a squire. Shelton. 

SQUlRE'LY, a. Becoming a squire. Shelton. 

SQUIR'REL, (squer'rel) n. [Fr. ecureuil.] A small quad- 
ruped of the genus sciums, order of ^hVes, and class inam~ 
malia. 

SQUIR'REL HUNT, n. In America, the hunting and 
shooting of squirrels by a company of men. 

SQUIRT, V. t. To eject or drive out of a narrow pipe or ori- 
fice, in a stream. 

t SQUiRT, V. i. To throw out words ; to let fly. 
SQUiRT, n. 1. An instrument with which a liquid is 
ejected in a stream with force. 2, A small, quick stream, 
SO„UiRT'ER, 71, One that squirts. [ Vulgar.] 
STAB, V.t. 1. To pierce with a pointed weapon. 2. To 
wound mischievously or mortally ; to kill by the thrust of 
a pointed instrument. 3, To injure secretly or by mali- 
cious falsehood or slander. 
STAB,7J.i, 1, To give a wound with a pointed weapon. 2. 

To give a mortal wound. 
STAB, n. 1, The thrust of a pointed weapon. 2. A wound 



See Synoi^is. A, E, I, O, fJ, Y, long.—YXR, FALL, WHAT •,— PREY ;— PiN, MARtNE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. 



STA 



785 



STA 



with a sharp-pointed weapon. 3. An injury given in the 
dark ; a sly mischief. 
STABBED, pip. Pierced with a pointed weapon; killed 

with a spear or other pointed instrument. 
STAB'BER, n. One that stabs ; a privy murderer. 
STAB'BING, fpr. Piercing with a pointed weapon. 
STAB'BING, n. The act of piercing with a pointed weapon ; 
the act of wounding or killing with a pointed instru- 
ment, 
t STAB'BING-LY, a(fB. With intent to do a dark injury; 
maliciously. Bp. Parker. 

STA-BIL'I-MENT, n. [L, staiilimentum.] Act of making 

firm ; firm support. Derham. 
t STA-BIL'I-TATE, v. t. To make stable ; to establish. 
STA-BIL'I-TY, n. [L. stabilitas.] 1. Steadiness ; stable- 
ness ; firmness ; strength to stand without being moved 
or overthrow^n. 2. Steadiness or firmness of character ; 
firmness of resolution or purpose. 3. Fixedness. 

STa'BLE, a. [L. stabilis ; Fr. stable ,• It. stabile.] 1. Fix- 
ed ; firmly established ; not to be easily moved, shaken 
or overthrown. 2. Steady in purpose ; constant ; firm in 
resolution ; not easily divened from a purpose ; not fickle 
or wavering. 3. Fixed ; steady ; firm ; not easily sur- 
rendered or abandoned. 4. Durable ; not subject to be 
overthrown or changed. 

f STa'BLE, v. t. To fix ; to establish. 

STa'BLE, n. [L. stabulura.] A house or shed for beasts to 
lodge and feed in. 

STa'BLE, v. t. To put or keep in a stable. 

STa'BLE, v. i. To dwell or lodge in a stable ; to dwell in 
an inclosed place ; to kennel. Milton. 

STa'BLE-BOY, or STa'BLE-MAN, n. A boy or a man 
■vylio attends at a stable. Swift. 

STa'BLED, pp. Put or kept in a stable. 

STa'BLE-NESS, n. 1. Fixedness; firmness of position or 
establishment ; strength to stand ; stability. 2. Steadi- 
ness ; constancy ; firmness of purpose ; stability. 

STa'BLE-STAND, n. In English law, when a man is found 
at his standing in the forest with a cross bow bent, ready 
to shoot at a deer, or with a long bow ; or standing close 
by a tree witli greyhounds in a leash ready to slip. This 
is one of the four presumptions that a man intends steal- 
ing the king's deer. 

STa'BLING, ppr. Putting or keeping in a stable. 

STa'BLING, n. 1. The act of keeping cattle in a stable. 2. 
A house, shed or room for keeping horses and cattle. 

t STAB'LISH, V. t. [L. stabilio ; Fr. etablir.] To fix ; to set- 
tle in a state for permanence ; to make firm. 

STa'BLE, adv. Firmly; fixedly; steadily. 

t STAB'U-LA-TION, n. Act of housing beasts. Cockeram. 

STA€K, n. [W. ystac, ystaca ; Dan. stak ; Sw. stack.] 1. 
A large conical pile of hay, grain or straw, sometimes cov- 
ered with thatch. 2. A number of funnels or chimneys 
standing together. 

STA€K, V. t. 1. To lay in a conical or other pile ; to 
maKe into a large pile. — 2. In England, to pile wood, 
poles, &c. 

STACKED, pp. Piled in a large conical heap. 

STA€K'ING, ppr. Laying in a large conical heap. 

STA€K'ING-BAND, ) n. A band or rope used in binding 

STA€K'ING-BELT, \ thatch or straw upon a stack. 

STAeK'ING-STA6E, n. A stage used in building stacks. 

STACK' YARD, n. A yard for stacks of hay. 

STACTE, n. [L. stacte ; Gr. cTaKTrj.] A fatty, resinous, 
liquid matter, of the nature of liquid myrrh, very odorif- 
erous, and highly valued. 

STAD'DLE, n. [D. stutzel.] 1. Any thing which serves 
for support ; a staff"; a crutch ; the frame or support of a 
stack of hay or grain. England. — 2. In JYew England, a. 
small tree of any kind, particularly a forest tree. 

STAD'DLE, V. t. To leave staddles when a wood is cut. 

STAD'DLE-ROOF, n. The roof or covering of a stack. 

STADE, n. [L. stadium.] A furlong. Donne. 

STa'DI-UM, n. [L.] 1. A Greek measure of 125 geo- 
metrical paces ; a furlong. 2. The course or career of a 
race. 

STADT'HoLD-ER, (stat'hold-er) n. [D. stadt and houder.] 
Formerly, the chief magistrate of the United Provinces of 
Holland ; or the governor or lieutenant governor of a 
province. 

STADT'HoLD-ER-ATE, n. The office of a stadtholder. 

STAFF, 7t. [Sax. st(Bf ; D. staf.] 1. A stick 

carried in the hand for support or defense by a person 
walking ; hence, a support ; that which props or upholds. 
2. A stick or club used as a weapon. 3. A long piece of 
wood ; a stick ; the long handle of an instrument ; a pole 
or stick, used for many purposes. 4. The five lines and 
the spaces on wiiich music is written. 5. An ensign of 
authority ; a badge of office. 6. The round of a ladder. 
7. A pole erected in a ship to hoist and display a flag ; 
called a Hag-staff.— 8. [Fr. estafette.] In military affairs, 
an establishment of officers in various departments, at- 
tached to an army, or to the commander of an army. 9. 



[Ice. stef.] A stanza.— 10. Stave and staves, plu. of staff 
See Stave. 

fSTAFF'ISH, a. Stiff"; harsh. Ascham. 

STAFF'-TREE, n. A sort of evergreen privet. 

STAG, n. 1. The male red deer ; the male of the hind. 2, 
A colt or filly; also, a romping girl; [local.] Grose — 
3. In JVew England, the male of the common ox cas- 
trated. 

STAG'-BEE-TLE,7i. A species of insect. 

STAGE, n. [Fr. etage.] I. Properly, one step or degree of 
elevation. 2. A floor or platform of any kind elevated 
above the ground or common surface, as for an exhibition 
of something to public view. 3. The floor on which the- 
atrical performances are exhibited. 4, The theatre ; the 
placeof scenic entertainments. Pope. 5. Theatrical rep- 
resentations, 6. A place where any thing is publicly ex- 
hibited. 7. Place of action or performance. 8. A place 
of rest on a journey, or where a relay of horses is taken. 

9. The distance between two places of rest on a road. 

10. A single step ; degree of advance ; degree of progres- 
sion. 11. [Instead of stage-coach, or stage-wagon.] A 
coach or other carriage running regularly from one place 
to another for the conveyance of passengers, Swifi. 

t STAGE,_t;. t. To exhibit publicly. Sha,i,. 

STaGE'CoACH, 71, A coach that runs by stages ; or a coach 
that runs regularly every day or on stated days, for the 
conveyance of passengers, Addison. 

STaGE'LY, a. Pertaining to a stage ; becoming the thea- 
tr^. [Little used.] Taylor. 

STaGE'-PLAY, 71. Theatrical entertainment, 

STaGE'-PLaY-ER, n. An actor on the stage ; one whose 
occupation is to represent characters on the stage. 

STaG'ER, n. 1, A player ; [I. u.] 2. One that has long 
acted on the stage of life ; a practitioner ; a person of cun 
ning, Dryden. 

t STa'GER-Y, n. Exhibition on the stage. Milton. 

STAG'-E-VIL, n. A disease in horses. Diet. 

STAG'GARD, n. A stag of four years of age, 

STAG'GER, v. i. [D. staggeren.] 1, To reel ; to vacillate ; 
to move to one side and the other in standing or walking; 
not to stand or walk with steadiness. 2. To fail ; to 
cease to stand firm ; to begin to give way. 3, To hesi- 
tate ; to begin to doubt and waver in purpose ; to become 
less confident or determined. 

STAG'GER, V. t. 1, To cause to reel, 2, To cause to 
doubt and waver ; to make to hesitate ; to make less 
steady or confident ; to shock, 

STAG'GERED, pp. Made to reel ; made to doubt. 

STAG'GER-ING, ppr. Causing to real or to waver, 

STAG'GER-ING, n. 1. The act of reeling, Arbuthnot. 2 
The cause of staggering. 

STAG'GER-ING-LY, adv. I. In a reeling manner. 2. 
With hesitation or doubt. 

STAG'GERS, n. plu. 1. A disease of horses and cattle, at- 
tended with giddiness ; also, a disease of sheep. 2, Mad- 
ness ; wild, irregular conduct ; [obs.] Shak. 

STAG'GER-WoRT, n. A plant, ragwort, 

STa'GING, 71. Used in the United States for scaffolding: 
Pick. Vocab. 

STAG'NAN-CY, 77. The state of being without motion, flow 
or circulation, as in a fluid, 

STAG'NANT, a. [L, stagnans.] 1, Not flowing ; not run- 
ning in a current or stream. 2, Motionless; still; not 
agitated. 3. Not active; dull; not brisk. 

STAG'NATE, v. i. [L. stagno ; It, stagnare.] 1, To cease 
to flow ; to be motionless, 2. To cease to move ; not to 
be agitated. 3, To cease to be brisk or active ; to become 
dull. 

STAG-Na'TION, 71, 1. The cessation of flowing or circula- 
tion of a fluid ; or the state of being without flow or cir- 
culation ; the state of being motionless. 2, The cessa- 
tion of action or of brisk action ; the state of being dull, 

STAG'-WoRM, n. An insect that is troublesome to deer. 

STAG'YR-ITE, n. An appellation given to Aristotle from 
the place of his birth. 

STaID, pret. and pp. of stay ; so written for stayea. 2. a 
[from stay.] Sober; grave; steady; composed; regular; 
not wild, volatile, flighty or fanciful, 

STaID'NESS, n. Sobriety ; gravity ; steadiness ; regular- 
ity, 

STaIN, v. t. [W, ystaeniaw, ystaen.] 1. To discolor by 
the application of foreign matter ; to make foul ; to spot 
2. To dye ; to tinge with a different color, 3, To impress 
with figures, in colors different from the ground. 4, To 
blot ; to soil ; to spot with guilt or infamy ; to tarnish ; to 
bring reproach on. 

STAIN, n. 1. A spot ; discoloration from foreign matter. 
2, A natural spot of a color different from the ground, 3. 
Taint of guilt ; tarnish ; disgrace ; reproach, 4. Cause of 
reproach ; shame, 

STAINED, pp. Discolored ; spotted ; dyed ; tarnished, 

STAIN'ER, n. 1. One who stains, blots or tarnishes. 2. A 
dyer, 

STAIN'ING, ppr. Discoloring; spotting; tarnishing. 



• See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, 06 VE ;— BULL, UNITE. 
' ' 50 



-€ as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



STA 



780 



STA 



STilN'LESS, a. 1. Free from stains or spots. Sidney. 2. 
Free from the reproach of guilt ; free from sin. Shak 

STAIR, n. [D.steiger; Sax. stceg-er ; Ir. staighre.] 1. A 
step ; a stone or a frame of boards or planks by which a 
person rises one step. — 2. Stairs, in the plural, a series 
of steps by which persons ascend to a higher room in a 
building. 

STAIR'-CASE, n. [stair axid case.] The part of a building 
wnich contains the stairs. 

STAKE, 71. [Sax. stac; D. staaJc; Sw. stake.] 1. A small 
piece of wood or timber, sharpened at one end and set in 
the ground, or prepared for setting, as a support to some- 
thing. 2. A piece of long, rough wood. 3. A palisade, 
or something resembling it. 4. The piece of timber to 
which a martyr is fastened when he is to be burnt. — 5. 
Fig-uratively, martyrdom. 6. That which is pledged or 
wagered. 7. The state of being laid or pledged as a 
wager. 8. A small anvil to straighten cold work, or to 
cut and punch upon. 

STAKE, V. t. 1. To fasten, support or defend with stakes. 
2. To mark the limits by stakes. 3. To wager : to pledge ; 
to put at hazard upon the issue of competition, or upon a 
future contingency. 4. To point or sharpen stakes. 5. 
To pierce with a stake. 

STAKED, pp. Fastened or supported by stakes ; set or 
naarked with stakes; wagered ; put at hazard. 

STaKE'-HEAD, n. In rope-raakbig, a stake with wooden 
pijis in the upper side to keep the strands apart. 

STAK'I'NG,ppr. 1. Supporting with stakes ; marking with 
stakes; putting at hazard. 2. Sharpening. 

STA-LA€'TI€, ) a. [from stalactite.] Pertaining to 

STA-LA€'TI-€AL, \ stalactite ; resembling an icicle. 
Kir2can. 

STA-LA0TI-FORM, or STA-LAe-TIT'I-FORM, a. Like 
stalactite ; resembling an icicle. Phillips. 

STA-LA€'TITE, M. [Gr. (rra>a«:ros.] A subvariety of car- 
bonate of lime, usually in a conical or cylindrical form, 
pendent from the roofs and sides of caverns like an icicle ; 
produced by the filtration of water containing calcarious 
particles, through fissures and pores of rocks. 

STA-LA€-TIT'ie, a. In the form of stalactite, or pendent 
substances like icicles. Kir-wan. 

STA-LAG'MITE, n. [L. stalagmium.] A deposit of earthy 
or calcarious matter, formed by drops on the floors of cav- 
erns. 

STA-LAG-MIT'I€, a. Having the form of stalagmite. 

STA-LAG-]\nT'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the form or manner of 
stalagmite. Buckland. 

STAL'DER, n. A wooden frame to set casks on. 

STALE, a. 1. Vapid or tasteless from age ; having lost its 
life, spirit and flavor from being long kept. 2. Having 
lost the life or graces of youth ; worn out ; decayed. 3. 
Worn out by use ; trite ; common ; having lost its novel- 
ty and power of pleasing. 

STALE, n. 1. Something set or ofiered to view as an al- 
lurement to draw others to any place or purpose ; a de- 
coy ; a stool-fowl ; [obs.] 2. A prostitute ; [obs.] 3. Old, 
vapid beer ; [obs.] 4. [Sax. stel, stele,] A long handle. 
5. A word applied to the king in chess when stalled or 
set. 

STALE, V. t. To make vapid or useless ; to destroy the 
life, beauty or use of; to wear out. Shak'. 

STALE, t>. 8. [G. stallen ; Ifan. staller.] To make water; 
to discharge urine ; as horses and cattle. 

STALE, n Urine : tised of horses and cattu. 

fSTALE'LY, adv. Of old; ofa long time. B. Jonson. 

STaLE'NESS, 71. 1. The state of being stale ; vapidness ; 
the state of having lost the life or flavor ; oldness. 2. The 
state of being worn cut ; triteness; commonness. 

STALK, (stawk) n. [Sw. stielk ; D. steel.] 1. The stem, 
culm or main body of an herbaceous plant. The stalk of 
herbaceous plants answere to the stem of shrubs and trees, 
and denotes that which is set, the fixed part of a plant, its 
support ; or it is a shoot. 2. The pedicle of a flower, or 
the peduncle that supports the fructification of a plant. 3. 
The stem of a quill. 

STALK, (stawk) v. i. [Sax. stmlcan.] L To walk with 
high and proud steps ; usually implying the affectation of 
dignity. 2. It is used with some insinuation of contempt 
or abhorrence. 3. To walk behind a stalking horse or be- 
hind a cover. 

STALK, n. A high, proud, stately step or walk. Spenser. 

STALKED, a. Having a stalk. 

STALK'ER, (stawk'er) n. One who walks with a proud 
step ; also, a kind of fishing-net. 

STALK'ING, ppr. Walking with proud or lofty steps. 

STALK'ING-HORSE, n. A horse, real or factitious, be- 
hind which a fowler conceals himself from the sight of 
the game which he is aiming to kill; hence, a mask; a 
pretense. 

STALK'Y, a. Hard as a stalk ; resembling a stalk. 

STALL, n. [Sax. steel, stal, stall ; D. stal ; G. stall : Sw. 
stall ; Fr. stalle.] I. A stand or place where a horse or 
an ox is kept and fed; the division of a stable, or the 



apartment for one horse or ox. 2. A stable ; a place foi 
cattle. — 3. In 1 Kings iv. 26, stall is used for horse; as, 
" Solomon had forty thousand stalls o( horses for his char- 
iots." 4. A bench, form or frame of shelves in the open 
air, where any thing is exposed to sale. 5. A small house 
or shed in which an occupation is carried on. G. The 
seat ofa dignified clergyman in the choir. 

STALL, V. t. I. To put into a stable ; or to keep in a sta- 
ble. 2. To install. 3 To set; to fix ; to plunge mto 
mire so as not to be able to proceed ; as, to stall horses or 
a carriage. Virginia. 

STALL, v.i. 1. To dwell ; to inhabit ; [obs.] 2. To ken 
nel. 3. To be set, as in miie. 4. To be tired of eating, 
as cattle. 

STALL' AGE, 71, L The right of erecting stalls in fairs ; 
or" rent paid for a stall.— 2. In old books, laystall ; dung ; 
compost. 

t STAL-La'TION, n. Installation. Cavendish. 

STALL'-FED, pp. Fed on dry fodder, or fattened in a stall 
or'stable. 

STALL'-FEED, v. t. [stall and feed.] To feed and fatten 
in a stable or on dry fodder. 

STALL'FEED-ING, ppr. Feeding and fattening in the 
stable. 

STALL'ION, (stal'yun) n. [Fr. ctalon ; It. Stallone.] A 
stone horse ;_a seed horse ;"a male horse not castrated. 

t ST ALL'-WoRN, in Shakspeare, Johnson thinks a mis- 
tajie for stall-worth, stout. Shak. 

STa'MEN, n. ; plu. Stamens, or Stamina. [L.] 1. In a 
general sense, usually in the plural, the fixed, firm part 
of a body, which supports it or gives 't its strength and 
solidity. 2. Whatever constitutes the principal strength 
or support of any thing. — 3. In botany, an organ of flowers 
for the preparation of the pollen or fecundating dust. 

STa'MENED, a. Furnished with stamens. 

STAM'IN, 71. A sUght woolen stuff". Chaucer. 

STAM'I-NAL, a. Pertaining to stamens or stamina ; con- 
sisting in stamens or stamina. J\Ied. Repos. 

STAM'I-NATE, a. Consisting of stamens. 

STAM'I-NATE, v. t. To endue with stamina. 

STA-MIN'E-OITS, a. [L. stamine^us.] 1. Consisting of sta- 
mens or filaments. 2. Pertaining to the stamen, or at- 
tached to it. 

STAIM-I-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. stamen and fero.] A stami- 
niferous flower Is one which has stamens without a 
pistil. 

STAM'iMEL, 71. I. A species of red color. B. Jonson. 2. A 
kind of woolen cloth. Corn, on Chaucer. 

STAM'MER, T.i. [Sax. stamer ; G. stammeln ; B.stameren; 
Dan. stammer.] Literally, to stop in uttering syllables or 
words ; to stutter ; to hesitate or falter in speaking ; and 
hence, to speak with stops and difficulty. 

STAM'MER, V. t. To utter or pronounce with hesitation or 
imperfectly. Beaumont. 

STAM'MER-ER, n. One that stutters or hesitates In speak- 
ing. 

STAM'MER-ING, ppr. 1 . Stopping or hesitating in the ut- 
tering of words ; stuttering. 2. a. Apt to stammer. 

STAM'MER-ING, n. The act of stopping or hesitating in 
speaking ; impediment in speech. 

STAM'MER-ING-LY, adv. Witli stops or hesitation in 
speaking. 

STAJMP, V. t. [D. stampen ; G. stampfen ; Dan. stamper 
Fr. estamper ,- It. stampare.] i. To strike or beat forcibly 
with the bottom of the foot, or by thrusting the foot down- 
wards. [Ill this sc7ise, the popular pronunciation is stomp, 
with A broad.] 2. To impress with some mark or figure. 
3. To impress ; to imprint ; to fix deeply. 4. To fix a 
mark by impressing it. 5. To make by impressing a 
mark. 6. To coin ; to mint ; to form. 

STAMP, V. i. To strike the foot forcibly downwards. 

STAMP, n. ]. Any instrument for making impressions on 
other bodies. 2. A mark imprinted ; an impression. 3. 
That which is marked ; a thing stamped. 4. A picture 
cut in wood or metal, or made by impression ; a cut ; a 
plate. 5. A mark set upon things chargeable with duty 
to government, as evidence that the duty is paid. 6. A 
character of reputation, good or bad, fixed on any thing. 
7. Authority ; current value derived from suffrage or at- 
testation. 8. Make; cast; form; character. — 9. In metal- 
lurgy, a kind of pestle raised by a water-wheel, for beat- 
ing ores to powder ; any thing like a pestle used for 
pounding or beating. 

STAMP'-Du-TY, 71. [stamp and duty.] A duty or tax im- 
posed on paper and parchment, the evidence of the pay- 
ment of which is a stamp. 

STAMPED, pp. Impressed with a mark or figure ; coined ; 
imprinted ; deeply fixed. 

STAMPER, 71. An instrument for pounding or stamping. 

STAMP'ING, ppr. Impressing with a mark or figure ; coin- 
ing ; imprinting. 

STAMP'ING-MILL, n. An engine used in tin works for 
breaking or bruising ore. 

STAN, as a termination, is said to have expressed the 



See Synopsis a, K, T, O, U, ■?, long.— FaU, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



STA 



787 



STA 



superlative degree ; as in Athelstan, most noble ; Dun- 
stan, the hlgliest. But qu. Stan, in Saxon, is stone. 

STANCH, V, t. [Fr. etancher ; Sp., Port, estancar.] In a 
general sense, to stop ; to set or fix ; but applied only to 
the blood ,- to stop the flowing of blood. 

STANCH, V. i. To stop, as blood 3 to cease to flow. 

STANCH, a. 1, Sound ; firm ; strong and tight. 2. Firm 
in principle ; steady ; constant and zealous j hearty. 3. 
Strong J not to be broken. 4. Firm j close. 

STANCHED, pp. Stopped or restrained from flowing. 

STANCH'ER, n. He or that which stops the flowing of 
blood. 

STANCH'ING, ppr. Stopping the flowing of blood. 

STANCH'ION, (stanch'un) n. [Fr. etangon.] A prop or 
support ; a piece of timber in the form of a stake or post, 
used for a support. 

STANCH'LESS, a. That cannot be stanched or stopped. 

STANCH'NESS, n. Soundness ; firmness in principle ; 
closeness of adlierence. 

STAND, V. i. ; pret. and pp. stood. [Sax., Goth, standan ; 
G. stehen ; D. staaen ; Dan. staaer ; Sw. stu ; Sans, sta ; 
L. sto.] 1. To be upon the feet, as an animal ; not to sit, 
kneel or lie. 2. To be erect, supported by the roots, as a 
tree or other plant. 3. To be on its foundation ; not to be 
overthrown or demolished. 4. To be placed or situated ; 
to have a certain position or location. 5. To remain up- 
right, in a moral sense ; not to fall. 6. To become erect. 
7. To stop ; to halt ; not to proceed. 8. To stop ; to be at 
a stationary point. 9. To be in a state of fixedness ; 
hence, to continue; to endure. 10. To be fixed or steady ; 
not to vacillate. 11. To be in or to maintain a posture of 
resistance or defense. 12. To be placed with regard to 
order or rank. 13. To be in any particular state ; to be, 
emphatically expressed, that is, to be fixed or set. 14. To 
continue unchanged or valid ; not to fail or become void. 
15. To consist ; to have its being and essence. 16. To 
have a place. 17. To be in any state. 18. To be in a 
particular respect or relation. 19. To be, with regard to 
state of mind. 20. To succeed ; to maintain one's ground ; 
not to fail ; to be acquitted ; to be safe. 21. To hold a 
course atsea. 22. To have a direction, 23. To otfer one's 
self as a candidate. 24. To place one's self; to be placed, 
25, To stagnate ; not to flow, 26. To be satisfied or con- 
vinced. 27. To make delay. 28. To persist ; to perse- 
vere. 29. To adhere ; to abide. 30. To be permanent ; 
to endure ; not to vanish or fade. 

Tt stand by. 1. To be near ; to be a spectator ; to be pres- 
ent. 2. To be aside; to be placed aside with disregard. 

3. To maintain ; to defend ; to support ; not to desert. 

4. To rest on for support ; to be supported. — To stand for. 

1. To offer one's self as a candidate. 2. To side with ; 
to support ; to maintain, or to profess or attempt to main- 
tain. 3. To be in the place of ; to be the substitute or rep- 
resentative of. Lonke. — 4. Tn seamen^s lanffuacre, to direct 
the course towards, — To stand from, to direct the course 
from. — To stand one in, to cost, — To stand in, or stand in 
for, in seamen^s language, is to direct a course towards 
land or a harbor. — To stand off, 1. To keep at a distance. 

2. Not to comply. 3. To forbear intimacy. AtterMiry. 
4. To appear prominent ; to have relief. — To stand off, or 
off from, in seamen's la,nguage, is to direct the course from 
land. — To stand off and on, is to sail towards land and then 
from it, — To stand out. 1, To project; to be prominent. 
2, To persist in opposition or resistance ; not to yield or 
comply ; not to give way or recede. 3, With seamen, to 
direct the course from land or a harbor. — To stand to. 1. 
To ply ; to urge efforts ; to persevere. 2. To remain 
fixed in a purpose or opinion, 3, To abide by ; to ad- 
here, 4. Not to yield ; not to fly ; to maintain the ground. 
— To stand to sea, to direct the course from land. — To 
stand under, to undergo ; to sustain. Sliak. — To stand up. 
1. To rise from sitting ; to be on the feet. 2. To arise in 
order to gain notice. 3. To make a party. — To stand up 
for, to defend ; to justify ; to support, or attempt to sup- 
port. — To stand upon. 1. To concern ; to interest. 2. To 
value; to pride. 3. To insist. Shak. — To stand with, to 
be consistent. — To stand against, to oppose ; to resist. — 
To standfast, to be fixed ; to he unshaken or immovable. 
To stand in hand, to be important to one's interest. 

STAND, V. t 1. To endure; to sustain ; to bear. 2. To 
endure ; to resist without yielding or receding. 3. To 
await ; to sufl!er ; to abide by. — To stand one''s ground, to 
keep the ground or station one has taken ; to mamtain 
one's position. — To stand it, to bear. — To stand trial, is to 
sustain the trial or examination of a cause. 

STAND, n. [Sans, stana.] 1. A stop ; a halt. 2. A station ; 
a place or post where one stands ; or a place convenient 
for persons to remain in for any purpose. 3. Rank ; post ; 
station. 4. The act of opposing. 5 The highest point; 
or the ultimate point of progression, where a stop is made, 
and regressive motion commences. 6. A young tree, 
usually reserved when the other trees are cut. 7. A small 
table ; as a ca.nd\e-sta.nd. — 8. In commerce, a weight ofj 
from two hundred and a half to three hindred of pitch. 



9. Soniething on which a thing rests or is laid.— Stand of 
arms, in military affairs, a musket with its usual appen- 
dages. — To be at a stand, to stop on account of some doubt 
or difficulty ; hence, to be perplexed ; to be embarrassed. 

STAND'ARD, n. [It. stendardo ; Fr. etendard ; Sp estan- 
darte ; D. standaard.] 1. An ensign of war ; a staff with a 
flag or colors. 2. That which is established by sovereign 
power as a rule or measure by which others are to be adjust- 
ed, 3, That which is established as a rule or model, by the 
authority of public opinion, or by custom. — 4, In coinage, 
the proportion of weight of fine metal and alloy estab 
lished by authority. 5, A standing tree or stem ; a tree 
not supported or attached to a wall, — 6. In skip-building, 
an inverted knee placed upon the deck instead of beneath 
it, with its vertical branch turned upward from that which 
lies horizontally. — 7. In botany, the upper petal or ban- 
ner of a papilionaceous corol. 

STAND ARD-BEAR-ER,7i. [staitdard and bear.] An officer 
of an army, company or troop, that bears a standard ; an 
ensign of infantry or a cornet of horse. 

STAND-CROP, n. A plant. Mnsworth. 

fSTAND'EL, m. A tree of long standing. Howell. 

STAND'ER, n. 1. One who stands. 2. A tree that has 
stood long : {obs.'] Ascham. 

STAND'ER-BY, n. One that stands near; one that is pres- 
ent ; a mere spectator. Addison. 

STAND'ER-GRASS, n. A plant. [L. statyrion.] 

STAND'ING, ppr. 1. Being on the feet; being erect. 2, 
Moving in a certain direction to or from an object. 3. a. 
Settled; established, either by law or by custom, &c. ; 
continually existing ; permanent ; not temporary. 4, Last- 
ing ; not transitory ; not liable to fade or vanish, 5, Stag- 
nant ; not flowing. 6. Fixed; not movable. 7. Remain- 
ing erect ; not cut down. 

STAND'ING, n. 1. Continuance ; duration or existence 
2. Possession of an oflSce, character or place. 3. Station 
place to stand in. 4. Power to stand. 5. Rank ; con- 
dition in society. 

STAND'ISH, n. [stand and dish.] A case for pen and ink 

STANE, n. [Sax. staii.] A stone. [Local.] 

STANG, n. [Sax. stmng, steng ; Ban. stang ; G.stange.] 1 
A pole, rod or perch ; a measure of land ; [obs.]° Swift 
2. A long bar; a pole ; a shaft. — To ride the stang, is to 
be carried on a pole on men's shoulders, in derision 
[Local.] Todd. 

STANG, V. i. To shoot with pain. [Local.] Grose. 

t STANK, a. Weak ; worn out, Spenser. 

t STANK, V. i. To sigh, 

t STANK, old pret. of stink. Stunk is now used. 

STANK, n. [W. ystanc.] A dam or mound to stop water 
[Local.] 

STAN'NA-RY, a. [from L. stannum, tin ; Jr. stan.] Re- 
lating to the tin works ; as stannary courts. Blackstone. 

STAN'NA-RY, n. A tin mine. Hall. 

STAN'NEL, or STAN'YEL, n. The kestrel, a species of 
hawk ; called, also, stone-gall and wind-hover. 

STAN'NIC, a. Pertaining to tin ; procured from tin, 

STAN'ZA, n. [It, stanza ; Sp,, Port, estancia.] In poetry, a 
number of lines or verses connected with each other and 
ending in a full point or pause ; a part of a poem contain- 
ing every variation of measure in that poem, 

STAP'A-ZIN, n. A bird, a species of warbler. 

STa'PLE, n. [Sax. stapel, stapul; D., G., Sw. stapel ; Dan. 
stabel.] 1. A settled mart or market; an emporium. 2. 
A city or town where merchants agree to carry certain 
commodities. 3. The thread or pile of wool, cotton or 
flax. 4. A principal commodity or production. 5. [W. 
ystwfwl.] A loop of iron, or a bar or wire bent and formed 
with two points to be driven into wood, to hold a liook, 
pin, &c. Pope. — Staple of land, the particular nature and 
quality of land. 

STa'PLE, a. 1. Settled ; established in commerce. 2. Ac- 
cording to the laws of commerce ; marketable ; fit to be 
sold; [I.U.] Swift. 3. Chief; principal; regularly pro- 
duced or made for market ; as, staple commodities, 

STa'PLER, n. A dealer ; as, a wool stapler. 

STAR, n. [Sax, steorra ; Dan,, Sw, stierna ; G. stern; D. 
star.] 1. An apparently small, luminous body in the 
heavens, that appears in the night, or when its light is not 
obscured by clouds, or lost in the brighter effulgence of tlie 
sun. 2. The pole-star ; [obs.] Shak. — 3. In astrology, a 
configuration of the planets, supposed to influence fortune, 
4, The figure of a star ; a radiated mark in printing or 
writing ; an asterisk ; thus, [* ;] used as a reference to a 
note in tJie margin, or to fill a blank in writing or print- 
ing where letters are omitted, 5. The figure of a star ; a 
badge of rank, 

STAR OF BETH'LE-HEM, A flower and plant, Lee. 

STAR, V. t. To set or adorn with stars, or bright, radiating 
bodies ; to bespangle. 

STARi-AP-PLE, n. A globular or olive-shaped; fleshy fruit, 
inclosing a stone of the same shape. 

STAR'-FISH, n. The sea-star or a-sterias. 

STAR'-FLOW-ER, n. A plant. Lee. 



See Synopsis. M5V E, BOOK DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



STA 



788 



STA 



STAR-GaZ-EK., 71. One who gazes at the stars ; a term of 
contempt for an astrologer. 

STAR'-GiiZ-ING, n. The act or practice of observing the 
stars with attention ; astrology. Swift. 

STAH'-GRaSS, n. Starry duck-meat, a plant. 

STAR'-HAWK, n. A species of hawk so called. 

STAR'-HY-A-CINTH, n. A plant of the genus scilla. 

STAR'-JEL-LY, n. A plant, the tremella, one of the fungi ; 
also, star-shoot, a gelatinous substance. 

STAR'LESS, a. Having no stars visible or no starlight. 

STAR'LlGHT, n. The light proceeding from the stars. 

STAR'LlGHT, a. Lightei by the stars. Dryden. 

STAR'LiKE, a. [^iar and like.] 1. Resembling a star ; stel- 
lated ; radiated like a star. 2. Bright ; illustrious. 

STAR'LLNG, n. [Sax. stmr ; Sw. stare.] 1. A bird, the stare. 
2. A defense to the piers of bridges. 

STa ROST, 71. In Poland, a feudatory ; one who holds a 
fief. 

STa'ROS-TY, 71. A fief; an estate held by feudal service. 

STaR'-PaVED, a. Studded with stars. Milton. 

STAR'-PROOF, a. [star and proof. ] Impervious to the light 
of the stars. Milton. 

fSTAR'-READ, n. Doctrine of the stars ; astronomy. 

STARRED, pp. or a. 1, Adorned or studded with stars. 2. 
Influenced in fortune by the stars. 

t STAR'RING, ppr. or a. 1. Adorning with stars. 2. Shin- 
ing ; bright ; sparkling ; as, starring comets. 

STaR'RY, a. [from star.] 1. Abounding with stars ; adorned 
with stars. 2. Consisting of stars ; stellar; stellary; pro- 
ceeding fi-ora the stars. 3. Shining like stars ; resembling 
stars. 

BTAR'-SHOOT, 71. That which is emitted from a star. 

STAR'-STONE, n. Asteria, a kind of extraneous fossil, 
consisting of regular joints, each of which is of a radiated 
figure. 

STAR'-THIS-TLE, n. A plant of the genus centaurea. 

STAR '-WORT, 71. A plant of the genus aster. 

STAR'BoARD, n. [Sax. steor-board; G. steuerhort ; D. 
stuur-bord.] The right hand side of a ship or boat, when 
a spectator stands with his face towards the head, stem or 
prow. _ 

STAR'BoARD, a. Pertaining to the right hand side of a 
ship ; being or lying on the right side. 

STARCH, n. [Sax. stearc] A substance used to stiffen linen 
and other cloth. 

STARCH, a. Stiff; precise; rigid. Killingbeck. 

STARCH, 7). t. To stiffen with starch. Gay. 

STaR'-CHaM-BER, 71. Formerly, a court of criminal juris- 
diction in England. 

STARCHED, pp. 1. Stiffened with starch. 2. a. Stiff; 
precise ; formal. Swift. 

STARCH'ED-NESS, n. Stiffness in manners ; formality. 

STARCH'ER, n. One wlio starches, or whose occupation is 
to starch. Johnson. 

STARCH'ING, ppr. Stiffening with starch. 

STARCH 'LY, adu. With stiffness of manner ; formally. 

STARCH'NESS, n. Stiffness of manner; preciseness. 

STARCH'Y, a. Stiff; precise. 

STARE, 7!. [Sax. steer; Sw. stare.] A bird, the starling. 

STARE, v.i. [Sax. starian ; G. starren.] ]. To gaze; to 
look with fixed eyes wide open ; to fasten an earnest look 
on some object. 2. To stand out ; to be prominent ; [obs.] 
— To stare in the face, to be before the eyes or undeniably 
evident. 

STARE, n. A fixed lock with eyes wide open. Dryden. 

STaR'ER, n. One who stares or gazes. 

STaR'ING, ppr. Gazing ; looking with fixed eyes. 

STARK, a. [Sax. sterc, stearc ; B.sterk; G. stark.] 1. 
Stiff; strong; rugged; [obs.] 2. Deep; full; profound; 
absolute ; [obs.] 3. Mere ; gross ; absolute. 

STARK, adv. Wholly ; entirely; absolutely, 

f STARK'LY, adv. Stiffly ; strongly. Shak. 

START, v.i. [D. storten; Sw. storta.] 1. To move sud- 
denly, as if by a twitch. 2. To move suddenly, as by an 
involuntary shrinking from sudden fear or alarm. 3. To 
move with sudden quickness, as with a spring or leap. 
4. To shrmk ; to wince. 5. To move suddenly aside ; to 
deviate. 6. To set out ; to commence a race, as from a 
barrier or goal. 7. To set out ; to commence a journey or 
enterprise. — To start up, to rise suddenly, as from a seat 
or couch. 

START, V. t. 1. To alami; to disturb suddenly ; to startle ; 
to rouse. 2. To rouse suddenly from concealment; to 
cause to flee or fly. Pope. 3. To bring into motion ; to 
produce suddenly to view or notice. 4. To invent or dis- 
cover ; to bring within pm-suit. 5. To move suddenly 
from its place ; to dislocate. 6. To empty, as liquor from 
a cask ; to pour out. Mar. Diet. 

START, n. 1. A sudden motion of the body, produced by 
spasm; a sudden twitch or spasmodic affection 2. A 
sudden motion from alarm . 3. A sudden rousing to action ; 
a spring ; excitement. 4. Sally ; sudden motion or effu- 
sion ; a bursting forth. 5. Sudden fit ; sudden motion 
followed by intermission., G. A quick spring ; a darting ; 



a shoot ; a push. 7. First motion from a place ; act of 
setting out. — To get the start, to begin before another; to 
gain the advantage in a similar undertaking. 

START, 71. A projection ; a push ; a horn ; a tail. 

START'ED, pp. Suddenly roused or alarmed ; poured out, 
as a liquid ; discovered ; proposed. 

START'ER, n. 1 One that starts ; one that shrinks from 
his purpose. 2. One that suddenly moves or suggests a 
question or an objection. 3. A dog that rouses game. 

START'FUL, a. Apt to start ; skittish. 

START'FUL-NESS, n. Aptness to start. 

START'ING, ppr. Moving suddenly ; shrinking ; rousing , 
commencing, as a journey, &c. 

START'ING, 71. The act of moving suddenly. 

START'ING-HoLE, n. A loophole ; evasion. Martin 

START'ING-LY, adv. By sudden fits or starts. Shak. 

START'ING-PoST, n. A post, state, barrier or place from* 
which competitors in a race start or begin the race. 

START'ISH, a. Apt to start ; skittish ; shy. 

STAR'TLE, V. i. [dim. of start.] To shrink ; to move sud- 
denly or be excited on feeling a sudden alarm. 

STAR'TLE, v.t. 1 . To impress with fear ; to excite by 
sudden alarm, surprise or apprehension ; to shock ; to 
alarm; to fright. 2. To deter; to cause to deviate ; [l.n.j 

STAR'TLE, 71. A sudden motion or shock occasioned by an 
unexpected alarm, surprise or apprehension of danger , 
sudden impression of terror. 

STARTLED, pp. Suddenly moved or shocked by an im- 
pression of fear or surprise. 

STAR'TLING, ppr. Suddenly impressing with fear. 

START'UP, 71. 1. One that comes suddenly into notice > 
[obs.] 2. A kindof liigh shoe. 

t START'UP, a. Suddenly coming into notice. 

STARVE, v. i. [Sax. stearfian ; G. sterben.] 1. To perish ; 
to be destroyed ; [ohs.] 2. To perish or die with cold. 
England. 3. To perish with hunger. 4. To sufler ex- 
treme hunger or want ; to be very indigent. 

STARVE, V. t. 1. To kill with hunger. 2. To distress or 
subdue by famine. 3. To destroy by want. 4. To kill 
with cold. 5. To deprive of force or vigor ; [unusual.] 

STARVED, pp. I. Killed with hunger ; subdued by hunger ; 
rendered poor by want. 2. Killed by cold. 

STARVE'LING, (sfarv'ling) a. Hungry ; lean ; pining with 
want. Phillips. 

STARVE'LING, (sfarv'ling) n. An animal or plant that is 
made thin, lean and weak through want of nutriment. 

STARVING, ppr. 1. Perishing with hunger; killing wit'h 
hunger ; rendering lean and poor by want of nourishment 
2. Perishing with cold ; killing with cold. [English.] 

STa'TA-RY, a. [from siate.] Fixed; settled. Brown. 

STATE, 71. [L..' status; It. stato ; Sp. estado ; Fr. et&t.] 

1. Condition ; the circumstances of a being or thing at any 
given time. 2. Modification of any thing. 3. Crisis; 
stationary point ; - height ; point from which the next 
movement is regression ; [obs.] 4. Estate ; possession ; 
[obs.] 5. A political body, or body politic; the whole 
body of people united under one government. 6. A body 
of men united by profession, or constituting a community 
of a particular character. 7. Rank ; condition ; quality 
8. Pomp; appearance of greatness. 9. Dignity; grandeur 
10 A seat of dignity. 11. A canopy ; a covering of dig- 
nity ; [rinusual.] 19. A person of high rank ; [obs.] 13 
The principal persons in a government. 14. The bodies 
that constitute the legislature of a country ; as, the states 
general. 15. Joined with another word, it denotes pub- 
lic, or wliat belongs to the community or body politic ; 
as, state affairs. 

STATE, V. t. 1. To set ; to settle. 2. To express the par- 
ticulars of any thing in writing ; to set down in detail or 
in gross. 3. To express the particulars of any thing ver- 
bally ; to represent fully in words ; to narrate ; to recite. 

STaT'ED, pp. 1. Expressed or represented ; told ; recited 

2. a. Settled ; established ; regular ; occurring at regular 
times; not occasional. 3. Fixed; established. 

STaT'ED-LY, adv. Regularly ; at certain times; not occa 
sionally. 

STaTE'LESS, a. Without pomp. J. Barlow. 

STaTE'LI-NESS, 71. 1. Grandeur ; loftiness of mien oi 
manner; majestic appearance; dignity. 2. Appearance 
of pride ; affected dignity. 

STaTE'LY, a. 1. Lofty ; dignified ; majestic. 2. Mag- 
nificent ; grand. 3. Elevated in sentiment. 

STaTE'LY, adv. Majestically ; loftily. Milton. 

STaTE'MENT, n. 1. The act of stating, reciting or pre- 
senting verbally or on paper. 2. A series of facts or par- 
ticulars expressed on paper. 3. A series of facts verbally 
recited ; recital of the circumstances of a transaction. 

STaTE'-MoN-GER, n. [state and monger.] One versed in 
politics, or one that dabbles in state affairs. 

STaT'ER, 71, Another name of the daric, an ancient coin. 

STATE-ROOM, n. 1. A magnificent room in a palace or 
great house. 2, An apartment for lodging in a ship'a 
cabin, 

STATES, n.plu. Nobility. Shak. 



See Synopsis. A, K, T. 6, f , "?, long.—FAH, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— PIN, MARINE BtRD ;— f Obsolete. 



STA 



789 



JSTE 



STATES'MANj n. 1. A man versed in the arts of govern- 
ment ; usually, one eminent for political abilities ; a poli- 
tician. 9. A small landholder. 3. One employed in 
public affairs. 

STaTES'MAN-SHIP, n. The qualifications or employ- 
ments of a statesman. Churchill. 

STaTES'WOM-AN, n. A woman who meddles in public 
affairs ; in contempt. Addison. 

STAT'IC, I a. Relating to the science of weighing 

STAT'I-€AL, \ bodies. 

STAT'ieS, n. [Fr. statique ; It. statica ; L. statice.] 1. 
That branch of mechanics which treats of bodies at rest. — 

2. In medicine, a kind of epileptics, or persons seized with 
epilepsies. 

STa'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. statio ; It. stazione ; Sp. estacion.] 
1. The act of standing ; [obs.] 2. A state of rest ; [rare.] 

3. The spot or place where one stands, particularly where 
a person habitually stands, or is appointed to remain for a 
lime. 4. Post assigned ; office ; the part or department 
of public duty which a person is appointed to perform. 
5 Situation ; position. 6. Employment ; occupation ; 
Jmsiness. 7. Character ; state. 8. Rank j condition of 
life. — 9. In church history, the fast of the fourth and sixth 
days of the week, Wednesday and Friday, in memory of 
the council which condemned Christ, and of his passion. 
— 10. In the church of Rome, a church where indulgences 
are to be had on certain days. 

STa'TIOJS , V. t. To place ; to set ; or to appoint to the oc- 
cupation of a post, place or office. 

STa'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to a Station. Encyc. 

STa'TION-A-RY, a. 1. Fixed ; not moving ; not progrespve 
or regressive ; not appearing to move. 2. Not advancnig, 
in a moral sense ; not improving ; not growing wiser, 
greater or better. 3. Respecting place. 

PTa'TION-BILL, n. In seamen's language, a list contain- 
ing the appointed posts of the ship's company, when nav- 
igating the ship. 

feTA'TlON-ER, n. A bookseller j one who sells books, 
paper, quills, inkstands, pencils and other furniture for 
writing. 

STa'TION-ER-Y, n. The articles usually sold by station- 
ers, as paper, ink, quills, &c. 

STa'_TION-ER-Y, a. Belonging to a stationer. 

t STa'TIST, n. [from state.] A statesman ; a politician ; 
one skilled in government. Milton. 

STA-TXST'I€, \ a. [from state, or statist.] 1. Pertain- 

STA-TIST'I-CAL, \ ing to the state of society, the con- 
dition of the people, their economy, their property and 
resources. 

STA-TIST'I€S, n. A collection of facts respecting the 
state of society, the condition of the people m a nation or 
country, their health, longevity, domestic economy, arts, 
property and political strength, the state of the country, 
&c. Sinclair. 

STAT'U-A-RY, n. [It. statuaria ; Sp. estatuaria ; L. stat- 
uarius.] 1. The art of (iarving images as representatives 
of real persons or things ; a branch of sculpture. 2. [It. 
statuario ; Sp. estatuario.] One that professes or practices 
the art of carving images or making statues. 

STAT'UE, n. [L. statua.] An image ; a solid substance 
formed by carving into the likeness of a whole living being. 

STAT'fJE, V. t. To place, as a statue ; to form a statue of. 

t STA-Tu'MI-NATE, v. t. [L. statumino.] To prop or sup- 
port. 

STAT'URE, 71. [L., It. statura ; Fr. stature.] The natural 
height of an animal body ; generally used of the human 
body. Dry den. 

STAT'URED, a. .AiTived at full stature. [L. u.] Hall. 

STAT'U-TA-BLE, a. 1. Made or introduced by statute ; 
proceeding from an act of the legislature. 2. Made or 
being in conformity to statute. Addison. 

STAT'IJ-TA-ELY, adv. In a manner agreeable to statute. 

STAT'UTE, n. [Fr. statut ; It, statuto ; Sp. estatuto ; L. 
statutum.] 1. An act of the legislature of a state com- 
manding or proliibiling something ; a positive law. Stat- 
utes are distinguish( d from common law. The latter owes 
its binding force to the principles of justice, to long use 
and the consent of a nation. The former owe their bind- 
ing force to a positive command or declaration of the su- 
preme power. — Statute is commonly applied to the acts of 
a legislative body consisting of representatives. In mon- 
archies, the laws of the sovereign are called edicts, de- 
crees, ordinances, rescripts, &c. 2. A special act of the 
supreme power, of a private nature, or intended to operate 
only on an individual or company. 3. The act of a cor- 
poration or of its founder, intended as a permanent rule 
or law. 

STAT'UTE-MER-CHANT, n. In English law, a bond of 
record. 

STAT'UTE-STa-PLE, 71. A bond of record acknowledged 
before the mayor of the staple, by virtue of which the 
creditor may forthwith have execution against the body, 
lands and goods of the debtor, on non-payment. Black- 
stone. 



STAT'U-TO-RY, a. Enacted by statute; depending on 

statute for its authority. 

STAUNCH. See Stanch. 

STAU'RO-LITE, ) n. [Gr. cTavpos and \iOos.] A mineral 

STAU'RO-TIDE, \ crystalized in prisms. 

STAVE, n. [horn staff ; Fi. douve, douvain.] 1. A thin, 
narrow piece of timber, of which casks are made. 2. A 
staff ; a metrical portion ; a part of a psalm appointed to 
be sung in churches. — 3. In music, the five horizontal and 
parallel lines on which the notes of tunes are written or 
printed. — To stave and tail, to part dogs by interposing a 
staff and by pulling the tail. 

STAVE, V. t. ; pret. and pp. stove, or staved. 1. To break 
a hole in ; to break ; to burst ; primanly, to thrust through 
with a staff. 2. To push as with a staff; with off. 3. To 
delay. 4. To pour out ; to suffer to be lost by breaking 
the cask. 5. To furnish with staves or rundles , [obs.] 

t STAVE, V. i. To fight with staves. Hudibras 

STAW, V. i. To be fixed or set. [JYot in use, or local.] 
STAY, V. i. ; pret. staid, for stayed. [Ir. stadam ; Sp. estay 
estiar ; Port, estear ; Fr. etai, etayer ; D. stut, stutten.] 

1. To remain ; to continue in a place ; to abide for any 
indefinite time. 2. To continue in a state. 3. To wait ; 
to attend ; to forbear to act. 4. To stop ; to stand still, 
5. To dwell. 6. To restj to rely; to confide in; to 
trust. 

STAY, V. t. ; pret. and pp. staid, for stayed. 1. To stop ; to 
hold from proceeding ; to withhold ; to restrain. 2. To 
delay ; to obstruct ; to hinder from proceeding. 3. Tc 
keep from departure. 4. To stop from motion or falling ; 
to prop ; to hold up ; to support. 5. To support from 
sinking ; to sustain with strength. 

STAY, 71. 1. Continuance in a place ; abode for a time in 
definite. 2. Stand ; stop ; cessation of motion or progres- 
sion. 3. Stop ; obstruction ; hinderance from progress. 
4. Restraint of passion ; moderation ; caution ; steadiness ; 
sobriety ; [obs.] 5. A fixed state. 6. Prop ; support. 
7. Steadiness of conduct. — 8. In the rigging of a ship, a 
large, strong rope, employed to support the mast, by being 
extended from its upper end to the stem of the ship. — 
Stays, in seamanship, implies the operation of going about 
or changing the course of a ship, with a shifting of the 
sails. 

STAYED, pp. [now written staid.] Staid ; fixed. 

STaY'ED'-LY, (stdde'ly) adv. Composedly ; gravely ; mod- 
erately ; prudently ; soberly. [Little used.] 

STaY'ED-NESS, (stade'nes) n. 1. Moderation ; gravity ; 
sobriety; [see Staidness.] 2. Solidity; weight; [I. u.] 

STaY'ER, n. One that stops or restrains ; one who upholds 
or supports ; that which props. 

STaY'LACE, 71. A lace for fastening the boddice in female 
dress. Sioift. 

STaY'LESS, a. Without stop or delay. [Little used.] 

STaY'MaK-ER, n. One whose occupation is to make 
stays. 

STAY'S, n. plu. 1. A bodice ; a kind of waistcoat stiflened 
with whalebone or other thing, worn by fema4es. 2. 
Stays, of a ship; [see Stay.] 3. Station ; fixed anchor- 
age. 4. Any support ; that which keeps another ex- 
tejided. 

STaY'-SAIL, 71. Any sail extended on a stay. Mar. Diet. 

STaY'-TA€-KLE, 71. A large tackle attached to the main- 
stay by means of a pendant, and used to hoist heavy 
bodies, as boats, butts of water, and the like, 

STEAD, I ,... ( n. [Goth. stads; Sax.,I)an.sted;'D.stede.l 

STED, \ ^^^^^) I 1. Place ; in general ; [obs.] Spenser. 

2. Place or room which anotiier had or might have, noting 
substitution, replacing or filling the place of another. 3. 
The frame on which a bed is laid, — To stand in stead, to 
be of use or great advantage. 

STEAD, STED, in names of places distant from a river or 
the sea, signifies place, as above ; but in names of places 
situated on a river or harbor, it is from Sax. stafAe, border, 
bank, shore. 

t STEAD, (sted) v. t. 1. To help; to support, to assist, 
ShaJc. 2. To fill the place of another. Shak. 

STE AD'F AST, ^ ,,,..( a. [stead and fast.] 1. Fast 

STED'FAST, \ ^^^^^ '^^^^ } fixed ; firm ; firmly fixed or 
established. 2, Constant; firm; resolute; not fickle or 
wavering, 3, Steady, 

STEAD'FAST-LY, (sted'fast-ly) adv. Firmly; with con- 
stancy or steadiness of mind, 

STEAD'FAST-NESS, (sted'fast-nes) n. 1. Firmness of 
standing ; fixedness in place, 2, Firmness of mind or 
purpose ; fixedness in principle ; constancy ; resolution. 

STEADT-LY, (sted'de-ly) adv. 1. With firmness of stand- 
ing or position; without tottering, shaking or leaning, 
2, Without wavering, inconstancy or irregularity ; with- 
out deviathig, 

STEAD'I-NESS, (sted'de-nes) n. 1. Firmness of standing 
or position ; a state of being not tottering or easily moved 
or shaken. 2. Firmness of mind or purpose; constancy j 
resolution. 3. Consistent, uniform conduct. 



* Se4: Synopsis. M^VE, BpQK, DoVE ; BIJLL, UNITE € as K ; as J ; S as Z ; CH as S : TH as in this, t Obsolete. 



STE 



790 



STE 



STEAD'Y J ,~t„Ai/,.r\ i «• [Sax. stedig.] 1. Firm in standing 

STED'DY 1 •- "^^ / or position ; fixed ; not tottering or 
shaking. 2. Constant in mind, purpose or pursuit ; not 
fickle, changeable or wavering; not easily moved or per- 
suaded to alter a purpose. 3. Regular; constant; unde- 
viatiug ; uniform. 4. Regular; not fluctuating; as, a 
steady breeze of wind. 

STEAD'Y, (sted'dy) v. t. To hold or keep from shaking, 
reeling or falling ; to support ; to make or keep firm, 

STEaK, 71. [Dan. steeg, steg ; Sw. stek.] A slice of beef or 
pork broiled, or cut for broiling. 

STEAL, V. t. ; pret. stole ; pp. stolen, stole. [Sax. stalan, 
stelan ; G. stelilen ; D. steelen ; Dan. stieler.] 1. To take 
and carry away feloniously, as the personal goods of an- 
other. 2. To withdraw or convey without notice, or 
clandestinely. 3. To gain or win by address or gradual 
and imperceptible means. 

STEAL, V. i. 1. To withdraAV or pass privily ; to slip along 
or away unperceived. 2. To practice theft ; to take felo- 
niously. 

STEAL, n. A handle. See Stele. 

STeAL'ER, n. One that steals ; a thief. 

STeAL'ING, ppr. Taking the goods of another feloniously ; 
withdrawing imperceptibly ; gaining gradually. 

STeALTNG-LY, adv. Shiy ; privately, or by an invisible 
motion. [Little used.] Sidney. 

STEALTH, (stelth) n. 1. The act of stealing ; theft. 2. 
The thing stolen ; [obs.] 3. Secret act ; clandestine prac- 
tice ; means unperceived employed to gain an object; 
way or manner not perceived. 

STEALTH'Y, (stelth'y) a. Done by stealth ; clandestine ; 
unperceived. Sliak. 

STeAM, n. [Sax. steam, stem ; D. stoom.] 1. The vapor 
of water ; of the elastic, aeriform fluid generated by heat- 
ing water to the boiling point. — 2. In popular use, the 
rnist formed by condensed vapor. 

STeAM, v. i. 1. To rise or pass off" in vapor by means of 
heat ; to fume. 2. To send off" visible vapor. 3. To pass 
off" in visible vapor. 

STeAM, v. t. 1. To exhale ; to evaporate ; [I. m.] 2. To 
expose to steam ; to apply steam to for softening, dressing 
or preparing. 

STeAM'-BoAT, or STeAM'-VES-SEL, n. A vessel pro- 
pelled through the water by steam. 

STeAM'-BOIL-ER, 71. A boiler for steaming food for 
cattle. 

STeAMED, pp. Exposed to steam ; cooked or dressed by 
steam. 

STeAM'-EN-6iNE, n. An engine worked by steam. 

STeAM'ING, ppr. Exposing to steam ; cooking or dressing 
by steam ; preparing for cattle by steam. 

t STEAN, for stone. 

BTeAR'IN, 71. One of the proximate elements of animal 
fat, as lard, tallow, &c. D. Olmsted. 

STe'A-TITE, 71. [Gr. crta^, arsaroi.'] Soapstone ; so call- 
ed from its smooth or unctuous feel. 

STE-A-TIT'I€, a. Pertaining to soapstone ; of the nature 
of steatite, or resembling it. 

ST£'AT-0-CELE, 71. [Gr. (TTEap and /CT^X?;.] A swelling of 
the scrotum, containing fat. Cyc. 

STE-A-To'MA, 71. [Gr.] A species of tumor containing 
matter like suet. Coze. 

STED, STED'FAST. S.'e Stead. 

STEE, or STEY, n. A ladder. 

STEED, 71. [Sax. stede.] A horse, or a horse for state or 
war. Waller. 

STEEL, 71. [Sax. style ; D. staal ; G. staJil ; Dan. staal.] 
1. Iron combnied with a small portion of carbon ; iron re- 
fined and hardened, used in making instruments, and 
particularly useful as the material of edged tools. — 2. 
Figuratively, weapons ; particularly, off'ensive weapons, 
swords, spears and the like. 3. Medicines composed of 
steel, as steel filings. 4. Extreme hardness ; as, heads or 
hearts of steel. 

STEEL, a. Made of steel. 

STEEL, V. t. 1. To overlay, point or edge with steel. 2. 
To make hard or extremely hard. 3. To make hard ; to 
make insensible or obdurate. 
STEELED, pp. Pointed or edged with steel ; haidened ; 

made insensible. 
STEEL'I-NESS, n. [from steely.] Great hardness. 
STEEL'ING, ppr. Pointing or edging with steel ; harden- 
ing ; making insensible or unfeeling. 
STEEL'Y, a. 1. Made of steel ; consisting of steel. 2. 

Hard ; firm. 
STEEL'YARD, n. [steel and yard.] The Roman balance ; 

an instrument for js'eighing bodies, 
t STEEN, or t STeAN, n A vessel of clay or stone. 
] STEEN'KiRK, n. A cant term for a neckcloth. 
STEEP, a. [Sax. steap.] Making a large angle with the 
plane of the horizon ; ascending or descending with great 
inclination ; precipitous. 
STEEP, n. A precipitous place, hill, mountain, rock or 
ascen;; a precipice. 



course, as 



STEEP, V. t. To soak in a liquid ; to macerate ; to imbue ; 

to keep any thing in a liquid till it has thoroughly im 

tiibed it. 
STEEP, 71. A liquid for steeping grain or seeds ; also, a 

runnet-bag. [Local.] 
STEEPED, pp. Soaked ; macerated ; imbued. 
STEEP'ER, n. A Vessel, vat or cistern in which things are 

steeped. Edwards, TV. Indies. 
t STEEP'I-NESS, n. State or quality of being steep. Howell 
STEEP'ING, ppr. Soaking ; macerating. 
STEE'PLE, 71. [Sax. stepel, stypel.] A turret of a church, 

ending in a point; a spire. Dryden. 
STEE'PLED, a. Furnished with a steeple ; adorned with 

steeples or towers. Fairfax. 
t STEE'PLE-HOUSE, n. A church. 

STEEP'LY, adv. With steepness; with precipitous de- 
clivity. 
STEEPNESS, n. The state of being steep ; precipitous 

declivity. Baco-n 
STEEP'Y, a. Having a steep or precipitous declivity. 
STEER, ?(. [Sax. steor, styre ; D. stier.] A young male of 

the ox kind or common ox. Dryden. 
STEER, V. t. [Sax. steoran ; G. steuem.] 1. To direct ; to 

govern ; particularly, to direct and govern the course of a 

ship by the movements of the helm. 2. To direct ; to 

guide ; to show the way or com-se to. 
STEER, I!, i. 1. To direct and govern a ship or other ves- 
sel in its course. 2. To be directed and governed. 3. To 

conduct one's self; to take or pursue a course or way. 
t STEER, n. A rudder or helm. 
STEER' AGE, n. 1. The act or practice of directing and 

governing in a course. Addison. — 2. Juseamen^s language, 

the efibrt of a helm, or its efi'ect on the ship. — 3. In a ship, 

an apartment in the fore part of a ship for passengers. 4. 

The part of a ship where the tiller traverses. 5. Direc- 
tion ; regulation ; [/. u.] ti. Regulation or management. 

7. That by wJiich a course is directed. 
STEER'AGE-WAY, n. In seamen's language, that degree 

of progressive movement of a ship, which renders her 

governable by the helm. 
STEERED, pp. Directed and governed in a course; guid 

ed ; conducted. 
STEER'ER, 71. One that steers; a pilot. [Little used.] 
STEER'ING, ppr. Directing and governing in a courst , 

a ship ; guiding ; conducting. 
STEER'LNG, n. The act or art of directing and governing 

a ship or other vessel in her course. 
STEEPt'ING-WHEEL, n. The wheel by which the rudder 

of a ship is turned and the ship steered. 
t STEER'LESS, a. Having no steer or rudder. Oower. 
STEERS'MaN, n. [steer and 77;a7i.] One that steers ; the 

helmsman of a ship. Mar. Diet. 
t STEERS'MATE, n. One who steers ; a pilot. 
STEEV'ING, n. In seamen's language, the angle of ele- 
vation wliJch a ship's bowsprit makes with the horizon. 

Mar. Diet. 
STEG, /;,. [Ice. sie^^e.] A gander. [Local.] 
STEG-A-NOG'RA-PHIST, n. [Gr. areyavos and ypa^w.] 

One who practices the art of writing in cipher. Bailey. 
ST£G-A-N0G'RA-PHY, n. The art of writing in ciphers 

or characters. Bailey. 
STEG-NOT'I€, a. [Gr. (JTEyvo)TiKos.] Tending to bind or 

render costive. Bailey. 
STEG-N0T'1€, n. A medicine proper to stop the orificea 

of the vessels or emunctories of the body. 
STiLlN'HEIL-ITE, n. A mineral, a variety of iolite. 
t STELE, n. A stale or handle ; a stalk. 
STEL'E-€HITE, n. A fine kind of storax. Cyc. 
STEL'LAR, I a. [It. stellare ; L. stellaris.] 1. Pertain- 
STEL'LA-RY, \ ing to stars; astral. 2. Starry; fuU of 

stars ; set with stare. 
STEL'LATE, ) a. [1.. stellatus.] I. Resembling a star ; 
STEL'LA-TED, \ radiated.— 2. In botany, stellate orver- 

ticillate leaves are when more leaves than two surround 

the stem in a whorl, 
t STEL-La'TION, n. [h. Stella.] Radiation of light. 
t STEELED, a. Starry. Skak. 
STEL-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. Stella and fero.] Having or 

abounding with stars 
STEL'Ll-FORM, a. [L. Stella, and form.] Like a star • 

radiated. 
t STEE'LI-F^S", V. t. To turn into a star. Chaucer. 
STELL'ION, 71. [L. stellio.] A newt. Ainsworth. 
t STELL'ION-ATE, n. [Fr. stellionat ; Low L. stellion 
atus.] In law, the crime of selling a thing deceitfully for 

what it is not, as to sell that for one's own which belongs 

to another. 
STEL'LITE, n. [L. stella.] A name given by some writers 

to a white stone found on Mount Libanus. 
STEL'O-CHITE, 7i. A name given to the osteocoUa. 
STE-LOG'RA-PHY, 71. [Gr. arnXoypacpia.] The art of wri- 
ting or inscribing charactere on pillars. Stackhouse. 
STEM, 71. [Sax. stemn ; G. stamm ; D., Sw. stam.] 1. The 



* See Synopsis, a, E, T, O, tj, S% long. —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PiN, MARINE, BiRD ;— t Obsolste. 



STE 



791 



STE 



principal body of a tree, shrub or plant of any kind ; the 
mJn stock ; the firm part which supports the branches. 
2. The peduncle of the fructification, or the pedicle of a 
flower ; that which supports the flower or the fruit of a 
plant. 3. The stock of a family ; a race or generation of 
progenitors. 4. Progeny; branch of a family. — 5. In a 
ship, a circular piece of timber, to whicb the two sides of 
a ship are united at the fore-end. 

STEM, V. t. 1. To oppose or resist, as a current ; or to make 
progress against a current. 2. To 5top ; to check ; as a 
stream or moving force. 

STEM'-€LASP-1NG, a. Embracing the stem with its base ; 
amplexicaul ; as a leaf or petiole. Martijn. 

STEM'-LeAF, 11. A leaf inserted into the stem Martijn. 

STEM'LESS, a. Having no stem. 

STEMMED, pp. Opposed, as a current ; st-^pped. 

STEM'MING, ppr. Opposing, as a stream . stopping. 

STEM'PLE, n. In mining, a cross-bar of wood in a shaft. 
Encyc, 

STENCH, n. [Sax. stenc] An ill smell ; offensive odor. 

t STENCH, V. t. 1. To cause to emit a hateful smell. Mor- 
timer. 2. To stanch ; to stop. Barvey. 

fSTENCH'Y, a. Having an ofi:ensive smell. Dyer. 

STEN'CIL, n. A piece of thin leather or oil-cloth, used in 
painting paper-hangings. 

STEN'CIL, V. t. To paint or color in figures with stencils. 

STE-NOG'RA-PHER, n. [Gr. arevus and ypa(/jw.] One who 
is skilled in the art of short-hand writing. 

STEN-0-GRAPH'I€, 1 a. Pertaining to the art of wri- 

STEN-O-GRAPH'I-GAL, \ ting in short-hand ; expressing 
in characters or short-hand. 

STE-NOG'RA-PHY , n. The art of writing in short-hand 
by using abbreviations or characters. 

STENT, for stint. See Stint. 

STEN-TO'RI-AN, a. [from Sientor.] 1. Extremely loud. 
2. Able to utter a very loud sound. 

STEN-TO-RO-PHON'I€, a. [from Stentor, a herald in Ho- 
mer, whose voice was as loud as that of fifty other men.] 
Speaking or sounding very loud. 

STEP, V. i. [Sax. stwppan, steppan ; D. stappen.] 1. To 
move the foot; to advance or recede by a movement of 
the foot or feet. 2. To go ; to walk a little distance. 3. 
To walk gravely, slowly or resolutely. 

STEP, V. t. 1. To set, as the foot. 2. To fix the foot of a 
mast in the keel ; to erect. 

STEP, n. [Sax. steep ; D. stap.] 1. A pace ; an advance or 
movement made by one removal of the foot. 2. One re- 
move in ascending or descending ; a stair. 3. The space 
passed by the foot in walking or running. 4. A small 
space or distance. 5. The distance between the feet in 
walking or running. 6. Gradation; degree. 7. Progres- 
sion ; act of advancing. 8. Footstep ; print or impression 
of the foot ; track. 9. Gait ; manner of walking. 10. 
Proceeding; measure; action. 11. The round of a lad- 
der.— 12. Steps, in the plural, walk; passage. 13. Pieces 
of timber in which the foot of a mast is fixed. 

STEP, ) 71. In Russ, an uncultivated desert of large ex- 

STEPP, \ tent. Tookc. 

STEP, Sax. steop, from stepan, to deprive, is prefixed to 
certain words to express a relation by marriage. 

STEP'-BRoTH-ER, n. A brother-in-law, or by marriage. 

STEP'-CHiLD, 71. [step and child.] A son-in-law or 
daughter-in-law ; [a child deprived of its parent, j 

STEP'-DAME, n. A mother by marriage. 

STEP'-DAUGH-TER, n. A daughter by marriage. 

STEP'-FA-THER, 7*. A father-in-law ; a father by mar- 
riage only ; [the father of an orphan.] 

STEP'-M6TH-ER, n. A mother by marriage only; a 
mother-in-law ; [the mother of an orphan.] 

STEP'-SIS-TER, 7?. A sister-in-law, or by marriage. 

STEP'-SoN, 7). A son-in-law ; [an orphan son.] 

STEPPED, pp. Set ; placed ; erected; fixed in the keel, as 
a mast. 

STEPPING, ppr. Moving, or advancing by a movement 
of the foot or feet ; placing ; fixing or erecting. 

STEP'PING, n. The act of walking or running by steps. 

STEPTING-STONE, n. A stone to raise the feet above the 
dirt and mud in walking. Swift. 

STEP'-STONE, n. A stone laid before a door as a stair to 
rise on in entering the house. 

STER, in composition, is from the Sax. steora, a director. 
It seems primarily to have signified chief, principal or 
director. 

STER-€0-Ra'CEOUS, a. [L. stercorms, stercorosus.] Per- 
taining to dung, or partaking of its nature. 

STER-CO-Ra'RI-AN, I n. [L. stercus.] One in the Romish 

STER'€0-RA-NIST, \ church who held that the host is 
liable to digestion. 

STER'CO-RA-RY, n. A place properly secured from the 
weather for containing dung. 

STER-€ORa'TION, 71. [1.. stercoratio.] The act of ma- 
nuring with dung. Bacon. 

STERE, 71. In the new French system of measures, the unit 
for solid measure, equal to a cubic metre. 



STER-E-0-GRAPH'I€, ) a. Made or done according to 
STER-E-0-GRAPH'I-€AL, ] the rules of stereography , 

delineated on a plane. 
STER-E-0-GRAPH'I-€AL-LY, adv. By delineation on a 

plane. 
STER-E-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr crepeos and vpa0w,] The 

act or art of delineating the forms of solid bodies on a 

plane. Encyc. 
STEE-E-0-MET'RI-€AL, a. Pertaining to or performed 

by stereometry 
STER-E-OM'E-TRY, n. [Gr. arepeos and /xfrpEw.] The art 

of measuring solid bodies, and finding their solid content. 
STER-E-0-TOM'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to or performed by 

stereotomy 
STER-E-OT'O-MY, n. [Gr. arepeos and reixvoj.] The sc 

ence or art of cutting solids into certain figures or sections, 

as arches, &c. 
STER'E-O-TYPE, n. [Gr. orepeog and tutcos.] 1. Literally, 

a fixed metal type ; hence, a plate of fixed or solid metal- 
lic types for printing books. 2. The art of making plates 

of fixed metallic types, or of executing work on such 

plates. 
STER'E-O-TYPE, a. 1. Pertaining to fixed metallic types 

2. Done on fixed metallic types, or plates of fixed types. 
STER'E-O-TYPE, v. t. To make fixed metallic types or 

plates of type metal, corresponding with the words and 
letters of a book ; to compose a book in fixed types. 

STER'E-0-TyP-ER, n. One who makes stereotype. 

STERE-O-TyP-ING, ppr. Making stereotype plates for 
any work ; or impressing copies on stereotype plates. 

STER-E-0-TY-POG'RA-PHER, n. A stereotype printer. 

STER-E-0-TY-POG'RA-PHY, n. The art or practice of 
printing on stereotype. Entick. 

STER'ILE, I a. [L. sterilis ; It., Fr. sterile ; Sp. esteri.1.] 

STER'IL, I 1. Barren ; unfruitful ; not fertile ; produ- 
cing little or no crop. 2. Barren ; producing no young. 

3. Barren of ideas ; destitute of sentiment. 
STE-RIL'I-TY, 11. [L. sterilitas ; Fr. sterilite ; It. sterilitd.] 

1. Barrenness; unproductiveness; unfruitfulness ; the 
quality or state of producing little or nothing. 2. Bar- 
renness ; unfruitfulness ; the state of not producing 
young, as of animals. 3. Barrenness of ideas or senti- 
ments, as in writings. 4. Want of fertility or the power 
of producing sentiment. 

STER'IL-iZE, V. t. 1. To make barren ; to impoverish, as 
land ; to exhaust of fertility ; [little used.] 2. To de- 
prive of fecundity, or the power of producing young ; 
[liUle used.] 

STER'LET, n. A fish of the Caspian sea. Tooke. 

STER'LING, a. [probably from Easterlinsr.] 1. An epithet 
by which English money of account is distinguished ; as, 
a pound sterling. 2. Genuine ; pure ; of excellent quality 

STER'LING, 71. 1. English money. 2. Standarj^ ; rate; 
[little used.] 

STERN, a. [Sax. styrn.] 1. Severe ; austere ; fixed with 
an aspect of severity and authority. 2. Severe of man- 
ner ; rigid ; harsh ; cruel. 3. Hard ; afflictive. 4. Rigidly 
steadfast ; immovable. 

STERN, 71. [Sax. steor and em.] 1. The hind part of a ship 
or other vessel, or of a boat ; the part opposite to the stem 
or prow. Mar. Diet. 2. Post of management ; direction ; 
[obs.] 3. The hinder part of anything; [not elegant^} 
Spenser. — By the stern is a phrase which denotes that a 
ship is more deeply laden abaft than forward. 

t STERN'AGE, 71. Steerage or stern. Shak. 

STERN'-BoARD, n. [stern and board.] In seaman's larir- 
guage, a loss of way in making a tack. 

STERN'-CHASE, n. A cannon placed in a ship's stern, 
pointing backward, and intended to annoy a ship that is 
in pursuit of her. Mar. Diet. 

STERNED, a. In compounds, having a stern of a particular 
shape ; as, sqnate-sterned. 

t STERN'ER, 7t. [Sax. steor an.] A director. Clarke. 

STERN -FAST, n. [stern and fast.] A rope used to con- 
fine the stern of a ship or other vessel. 

STERN'-FRAME, n. [stern and frame.] The beverai 
pieces of timber which form the stern of a ship. 

STERN'LY, adv. In a stern manner; with an austere or 
stern countenance ; with an air of authority. 

STERN'NESS, n. 1. Severity of look ; a look of austerity, 
rigor or severe authority. Shak. 2, Severity or harshness 
of manner ; rigor. Dryden. 

STERN'MoST, a. [stem and most.] Farthest in the rear , 
farthest astern. Mar. Diet. 

STERN'ON, n. [Gr.] The breast-bone. 

STERN'-PoRT, n. A port in the stern of a ship. 

STERN'-PoST, 71. A straight piece of tunber, erected 
on the extremity of the keel to support the rudder and 
terminate the ship behind. 

STERN'-SHEETS, v. That part of a boat which is between 
the stem and the aftmost seat of the rowers ; usually fur- 
nished with seats for passengers. 

STEIIN'UM, 71. [Gr. arepvov.] The breast-bone. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



STI 



792 



STI 



[L. stemutatio.] The act of 
[L. sternuo.] Having the quality 



STER-NU-Ta'TION, 

sneezing. Quincy. 

STER-NU'TA-TlVE. 
of provoking to sneeze. 

STER-NU'TA-TO-RY, a. [Fr. stemutatoire.] Having the 
quality of exciting to sneeze. 

STER-Nu'TA-TO-RY, n. A substance that provokes 
sneezing. 

STERN'- WAY, n. [stern and way.] The movement of a 
ship backwards, or with her stern foremost. 

STER-aUIL'I-NOUS, a. [L. sterquilinium.] Pertaining to 
a dunghill ; mean ; dirty ; paltry. Howell. 

fSTER'VEN, tosJar?;e. Spenser. 

STETH E-SeOPE, n. [Gr. arrjdoi and CKO-ntio.'] A tubular 
instrument for distinguishing diseases of the stomach by 
sounds. 

STEVE, V. t. [from the root of stow.'] To stow, as cotton 
or wool in a ship's hold. [Local.] 

STe'VE-DORE, n. One whose occupation is to stow goods, 
packages, &c. in a ship's hold. JV. York. 

t STEVEN, n. [Sax. stefnian.] An outcry ; a loud call ; a 
clamor. Spenser. 

STEW, V. t. [Fr. etuver ; It. stufare.] 1. To seethe or 
gently boil ; to boil slowly in a moderate manner, or with 
a simmering heat. 2. To boil in heat. 

STEW, V. i. To be seethed in a slow, gentle manner, or in 
heat and moisture. 

STEW, n. 1. A hot-house; a bagnio. 2. A brothel; a 
house of prostitution. South. 3. A prostitute ; [ohs.] 4. 
[See Stow.] A store-pond ; a small pond where fish are 
kept for the table ; [obs.] 5. Meat stewed ; as, a stew of 
pigeons. 6. Confusion, as when the air is full of dust. 
Ch-ose. 

STEWARD, 71. [Sax. stiward.] 1. A man employed in 
great families to manage the domestic concerns. 2. An 
officer of state ; as, lord high steward. — 3. In colleges, an 
officer who provides food for the students, and superin- 
tends the concerns of the kitchen. — 4. In a ship of tear, 
an officer who is appointed by the purser to distribute 
provisions to the officers and crew. — 5. In Scripture, a 
minister of Christ. 1 Cor. iv. 

7 STEWARD, v. t. To manage as a steward. Fuller. 

STEW'ARD-LY, adv. With the care of a steward. [Little 
used,'] 

STEW'ARD-SHIP, n. The office of a steward. 

STEW'ART-RY, n. An overseer or superintendent. 

STEWED, pp. Gently boiled ; boiled in heat. 

STEWING, ppr. Boiling in a moderate heat. 

STEWING, n. The act of seething slowly. 

STEW'ISH, a. Suiting a brothel. Hall. 

STEW'-PAJN^, n. A pan in which things are stewed. 

STIB'I-AL, a. [L. stibi^im.] Liike or having the qualities 
of antimony ; antimonial. 

t STIB-I-A'RI-AN, n. [L. stibium.] A violent man. 

STIB I-A-TED, a. Impregnated with antimony. 

STIB'I-UM, n. [L.] Antimony. 

STI€'A-DOS, n. A plant. Ainswm-th. 

STICH, n. [Gr. ari')(os.] 1. \n poetry, a verse, of whatever 
measure or number of feet. — 2. In rural affairs, an order 
or rank of trees. [In J^ew England, as much land as lies 
between double furrows, is called a stitch, or a land.] 

STI-€HOM'E-TRY, n. [Gr. crixoi and ixerpov.] A cata- 
logue of the books of Scripture, with tlie number of 
verses which each book contains. 

STICH'-WoRT, I 

STITCH'-WoRT, ) 

STICK, n. [Sax. sticca ; G. stecken ; D. stok ; Dan. stikke ; 
Sw. stake, sticka.] 1. The small shoot or branch of a tree 
or shrub, cut off; a rod ; also, a staff. 2. Any stem of a 
tree, of any size, cut for fuel or timber. 3. Many instru- 
ments, long and slender, are called sticks. 4. A thrust 
with a pointed instrument that penetrates a body ; a stab. 
— Stick of eels, the number of twenty-five eels. Encyc. 

STICK, V. t.j pret. and pp. stuck. [Sax. stican, stician ; 
G stechen ; Dan. stikker.] 1. To pierce ; to stab ; to cause 
to enter, as a pointed instrument; hence, to kill by 
piercing. 2. To thrust in ; to fasten or cause to remain 
by piercing. 3. To fasten ; to attach by causing to ad- 
here to the surface. 4. To set ; to fix in. 5. To set with 
something pointed. 6. To fix on a pointed instrument. 

STICK, V. i. 1. To adhere ; to hold to by cleaving to the 
surface, as by tenacity or attraction. 2. To be united ; to 
be inseparable ; to cling fast to, as something reproachful. 
3. To rest with the memory ; to abide. 4. To stop ; to be 
impeded by adhesion or obstruction. 5. To stop ; to be 
arrested in a couree. 6. To stop ; to hesitate. 7. To ad- 
here ; to remain ; to resist efforts to remove. 8. To cause 
difficulties or scruples ; to cause to hesitate. 9. To be 
stopped or hindered from proceeding. 10. To be embar- 
rassed or puzzled. 11. Tv, adhere closely in friendship 
and affection. — To stick u.i, icr adhere closely ; to be con- 
stant ; to be firm.- -1 To-sw-t hv. to adhere closely ; to be 
constant. 2. To be ttr^ublesorri*' by adhering,— To sticA; 



A plant of the genus stellaria. 



upon, to dwell upon; not to forsake.— To stick out, to 
project ; to be prominent. 

STICK'I-NESS, n. The quality of a thing which makes i 
adhere to a plane surface; adhesiveness; viscousness ; 
glutinousness ; tenacity. 

STICKLE, v.i. 1. To take part with one side or other 
2i To contend ; to contest ; to altercate. 3. To trim ; to 
play fast and loose ; to pass from one side to the other. 

t STICKLE, tj. <• To arbitrate. Drayton. 

STICKLE-BACK, /.. A small fish. Encyc. 

STICKLER, 71. 1. A sidesman to fencers ; a second to a 
duelist ; one who stands to judge a combat. 2. An obsti- 
nate contender about any thing —3. Formerly, an officer 
who cut wood for the priory of Ederose, within the king's 
parks of Clarendon. Vowel. 

STIC'KLING, ppr. Trimming ; contending obstinately. 

STICK'Y, a. Having the quality of adhering to a surface ; 
adhesive ; gluey ; viscous ; viscid ; glutinous ; tena- 
cious 

STID'DY, 71. [Ice. stedia.] An anvil; also, a smith's 
shop. [J^ot in use, or local.] 

STIFF, a. [Sax. stif; G. steif; D., Sw. styf ; Dan. stiv.] 

1. Not easily bent; not flexible or pliant; not flaccid; 
rigid. 2. Not liquid or fluid ; thick and tenacious ; in- 
spissated ; not soft nor hard. 3. Strong; violent; impet- 
uous in motion. 4. Hardy ; stubborn ; not easily subdu 
ed. 5. Obstinate ; pertinacious ; firm in perseverance or 
resistance. 6. Harsh ; formal ; constrained ; not natural 
and easy. 7. Fonnal in manner ; constrained ; affected , 
starched ; not easy or natural. 8. Strongly maintained,' 
or asserted with good evidence. — 9. In seamen's language, 
a. stiff vessel is one that will bear sufficient sail without 
danger of oversetting. 

STIFFEN, (stif 'n) v. t. [Sax. stijian ; Sw. styf7ia ; D. 
styven ; G. steifen.] 1. To make stiff; to make less plii^nt 
or flexible. 2. To make torpid. 3. To inspissate ; to 
make more thick or viscous. 

STIFF'EN, (stif'n) v. i. 1. To become stiff; to becouj 
more rigid or less flexible. 2. To become more thick, o 
less soft ; to be inspissated ; to approach to hardness. 3. 
To become less susceptible of impression ; to become less 
tender or yielding ; to grow more obstinate. 

STIFF'EN-ING, 2>;)r. Making or becoming less pliable, or 
more thick, or more obstinate. 

STIFF'EN-ING, 7i. Something that is used to make a sub- 
stance more stiff or less soft. 

STIFF'-HEaRT-ED, a. [stiff and heart.] Obstinate ; stub- 
born ; contumacious. Ezek. ii. 

STIFF'LY, adv. 1. Firmly ; strongly. Bacon. 2. Rigidly ; 
obstinately ; with stubbornness. 

STIFF'-NECKSD, a. [stiff and neck.] Stubborn ; inflexi- 
bly obstinate ; contumacious. Denham. 

STIFF'NESS, n. 1. Rigidness ; want of pliableness or flex- 
ibility ; the flrm texture or state of a substance which 
renders it difficult to bend it. 2. Thickness ; spissitude ; 
a state between softness and hardness. 3. Torpidness ; 
inaptitude to motion. 4. Tension. 5. Obstinacy ; stub- 
bornness ; contumaciousness. 6. Formality of manner ; 
constraint ; affected precision. 7. Rigorousness ; harsh- 
ness. 8. Affected or constrained manner of expression 
or writing ; want of natural simplicity and ease. 

STI'FLE, r. t. [Fr. etouffer, to stifle ; L. stipo.] 1. To suf- 
focate ; to stop the breath or action of the lungs by 
crowding something into the windpipe, or by infusing "a 
substance into the lungs, or by other means ; to choke. 

2. To stop. 3. To oppress ; to stop the breath tempora- 
rily. 4. To extinguish ; to deaden ; to quench. 5. To 
suppress ; to hinder from transpiring or spreading. 6. To 
extinguish ; to check or restrain and destroy ; to suppress. 
7. To suppress or repress ; to conceal; to withhold from 
escaping or manifestation. 8. To suppress ; to destroy. 

STI'FLE, n. 1. The joint of a horse next to the buttock, 
and corresponding to the knee in man. 2. A disease in 
the knee-pan of a horse or other animal. 

t STi'FLE-MENT, n. Something that might be suppressed 
or concealed. Brewer. 

STIGH. See Sty. 

STIG'MA, n. [L.] 1. A brand ; a mark made with a burn- 
ing iron. 2."'Any mark of infamy ; any reproachful con- 
duct which stains the purity or darkens the lustre of 
reputation. — 3. In botany, the top of the pistil. 

STIG'MA-TA, n. plu. The apertures in the bodies of in- 
sects, communicating with the trachete or air-vessels. 

STIG-MAT'IC, \a. I. Marked with a stigma, or with 

STIG-MAT'I-CAL, \ something reproachful to character. 
2. Impressing with infamy or reproach. 

STIG-MAT'IC, n. 1. A notorious profligate, or criminal 
who has been branded ; [little used.] 2. One who bears 
about him the marks of infamy or punishment ; [little 
used.] 3. One on whom nature has set a mark of deform- 
ity ; [little used.] 

STIG-MAT'I-CAL-LY, adv. With a mark of infamy or 
deformity._ 

STIG'MA-TiZE, v. t. [Fr. stigmatiser.] 1. To mark with 



* See Synopsis. A E- 



U, ^; Ivng.—FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;—PtN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



STl 



793 



STl 



a brand. 2. To set a mark of disgrace on ; to disgrace 
with some note of reproach or infamy. 

STIG'MA-TlZED, pp. Marked with disgrace. 

STIG'MA-TlZ-ING, ppr. Branding with infamy. 

STi'LAR, a. Pertaining to the stile of a dial. Moxon. 

STIL'BITE, n. [Gr. ffrtX/Sw.] A mineral. 

STILE, n. [This is another spelling of style. See Style 
and Still.] A pin set on the face of a dial to form a 
shadow. 

STILE, 71. [Sax. stigel.] A step or set of steps for ascend- 
ing and descending, in passing a fence or wall. Swift. 

STI-LET'TO, 71. rit. dim. from stilo.] A small dagger with 
a round, pointed blade. 

STILL, V. t. [Sax. stillan ; G., D. stillen ; Dan. stiller.] 

1. To stop, as motion or agitation; to check or restrain; 
to make quiet. 2. To stop, as noise ; to silence. 3. To 
appease ; to calm ; to quiet ; as tumult, agitation or ex- 
citement. 

STILL, a. 1. Silent ; uttering no sound. 2. Cluiet ; calm ; 
not disturbed by noise. 3. Motionless. 4. Quiet ; calm ; 
not agitated. 

STILL, n. Calm ; silence ; freedom from noise. [A poetic 
word.] 

STILL, adv. 1. To this time ; till now. 2. Nevertheless ; 
notwithstanding. 3. It precedes or accompanies words 
denoting increase of degree 4. Always ; ever ; contin- 
ually. Pope. 5. After that; after what is stated. 6. In 
continuation. 

STILL, 71. [L. stillo.] A vessel, boiler or copper used in 
the distillation of liquors. JVeinton. 

STILL, V. t. [L. stillo.] To expel spirit from liquor by heat, 
and condense it in a refrigeratory; to distill. 

fSTILL, tJ. i. To drop. See Distill. 

STIL-LA-Tl"TIOUS, a. [L. jtillatitius.] Falling in drops ; 
drawn by a still. 

STILL'A-TO-RY, n. 1. An alembic ; a vessel for distilla- 
tion ; [little used.] 2. A laboratory ; a room in which dis- 
tillation is performed ; [little iised.] 

STILL'-BORN, a. 1. Dead at the birth. 2. Abortive. 

STILL'-BURN, v. t. To burn in the process of distillation. 

STILLED, pp. Calm'id ; appeased ; quieted ; silenced. 

STILL'ER, 71. One who stills or quiets. 

STIL'LI-CIDE, 7!. [Ij. stillicidium.] A continual falling or 
succession of drops. [Mot much used.] Bacon. 

STIL-LI-CID'I-OUS, a. Failing in drops. Brown. 

STILL'ING, ppr. Calming , silencing ; quieting. 

STILL'ING, n. 1. The act of calminff, silencing or quieting. 

2. A stand for casks. 

STILL'-LlFE, n. 1. Things that have only vegetable life. 
Mason. 2. Dead animals, or paintings representing the 
dead. 

STILL NESS, n. I. Freedom from noise or motion ; calm- 
ness ; quiet ; silence. 2. Freedom from agitation or 
excitement. 3. Habitual silence ; taciturnity. 

STILL' -ST AND, n. Absence of motion. [Little used.] 

STIL'LY, adv. 1. Silently ; without noise. 2. Calmly ; 
quietly ; without tunmlt. 

STILP-NO-SID'E-RITE, n. [Gr. GTik-nvos, and siderite.] A 
mineral of a brownish-black color. 

STILT, n. [G. stelte ; D. stelt.] A stilt is a piece of wood 
with a shoulder, to support the foot in walkmg. 

STILT, V. t. 1. To raise on stilts ; to elevate. Young. 2. 
To raise by unnatural means. 

STIME, n. A glimpse. J^orth of England. 

STIM'U-LANT, a. [L. stimulajis.] Increasing or exciting 
action, particularly the action of the organs of an animal 
body ; stimulating. 

STIM'U-LANT, n. A medicine that excites and increases 
the action of the moving fibres or organs of an animal 
body. 

STIM' U-LATE, ij. i. [L. stimulo.] 1. To excite, rouse or 
animate to action or more vigorous exertion by some pun- 
gent motive or by persuasion. — 2. In taedicine, to excite 
or increase the action of the moving fibres or organs of an 
animal body. 

STIM U-LA-TED, pp. Goaded ; roi^sed or excited to action 
or more vigorous exertion. 

STIM'U-LA-TING, ppr. Goading; exciting to action or 
more vigorous exertion. 

STIM-U-La'TION, n. 1. The act of goading or exciting. 
2. Excitement ; the increased action of the moving fibres 
or organs in animal bodies. 

STIM'U-LA-TiVE, a. Having the quality of exciting ac- 
tion in the animal system. 

STIM U-LA-TiVE, 7i. That which stimulates ; that which 
rouses into more vigorous action. 

STIM'U-LA-TOR, 71. One that stimulates. 

STIM'U-LUS, n. [L.] Literally, a goad ; hence, some- 
thing that rouses from languor; that which excites or 
increases action in the animal system ; or that which 
louses the mind or spirits. 

STING, V. t.; pret. and pp. stung. Stang is obsolete. [Goth. 
stigcwan ; Sax. stingan, styngan.] I. To pierce with the 
sharp-pointed instrument with which certain animals are 



furnished, such as bees, wasps, scorpions and the like 

2. To pain acutely. 

STING, n. [Sax. sting, stincg.] I. A sharp-pointed weap- 
on by which certaiii animals are armed by nature for 
their defense. 2. The thrust of a sting into the flesh. 

3. Any thing that gives acute pain. 4. The point in the 
last verse. 5. That which gives the principal pain, or 
constitutes the principal terror. 

STING'ER, 71. That which stings, vexes or gives acute pain. 
STIN'Gl-LY, adv. [from stingy.] With mean covetoua- 

ness ; in a niggardly manner. 
STIN'6I-NESS, n. [from stingy.] Extreme avarice ; mean 

covetousness ; niggardliness. 
STING'LESS, a. [frjm sting.] Having no sting. 
STIN'GO, 71. [from the sharpness of the taste.] Old beer. 

[.d cant word.] Addison. 
STIN'GY, a. [ vV. ystang.] Extremely, close and cove- 
tous ; meanly avaricious ; niggardly ; narrow-hearted 

[A low word.] 
STINK, V. i.; pret. stank, or stunk. [Sax. stincan; G., D. 

stinken.] To emit a strong, ofiensive smell. 
STINK, n. A strong, offensive smell. Dryden. 
STINK' ARD, 71. A mean, paltry fellow. 
STINK'ER, 71. Sometliing intended to offend by the smell. 

Ha-rvey. 
STINKING, ppr. Emitting a strong, offensive smell. 
STINK'ING-LY, adv. With an offensive smell. Shak. 
STINK'POT, ?t. An artificial composition offensive to the 

smell. Harvey. 
STINK'STONE, n. Swinestone, a mineral. Ure. 
STINT, V. t. [Sax. stintan, to stint or stunt; Ice. stunta.'\ 

1. To restrain within certain limits ; to bound ; to confine ; 
to limit. 2. To assign a certain task in labor, which 
being performed, the person is excused from further labor 
for the day, or for a certain time ; a common use of the 
word in America. 

STINT, n. A small bird, the tringa cinctus. 

STINT, n. 1. Limit ; bound ; restraint. Dryden. 2. Quan- 
tity assigned ; proportion allotted. Shak. 

ST'irVT'ANCE, n. Restraint ; stopi)age. [JVot xised, or local.] 

STINT'ED,;?^. Restrained to a certain limit or quantity. 

STINT'ER, n. He or that which stints. 

STINT'ING, j?;w. Restraining within certain limits ; assign- 
ing a certain quantity to ; limiting. 

STIPE,?;. [T,. stipes.] la. botany , the base of a frond; or 
a species of stem passing into leaves. 

STIP'EL, ??. [See Stipula.] In botany, a little appendix 
situated at the base of the folioles. Decandolle. 

STi'PEND, n. [L. stipendium.] Settled pay or compensa- 
tion for services, whether daOy or monthly wages, or an 
annual salary. 

STi'PEND, 7). t. To pay by settled wages. Shelton. 

* STI-PEND'I-A-RY, a. [L. stipendiarius.] Receiving wa- 
ges or salary ; performing services for a stated price or 
compensation. Knolles. 

* STI-PEND'I-A-RY, n. One who performs services for a 
settled compensation, either by the day, month or year. 

STIP'I-TATE, a. In botany, supported by a stipe ; elevated 
on a stipe ; as pappus or down. Martyn. 

STIP'PLE, V. t. To engrave by means of dots, in distinction 
from engraving ".n lines. Todd. 

STIP'PLED, pv. Engraved with dots. 

STIP'PLING, ppr. Engraving with dots. 

STIP'PLING, n. A mode of engraving on copper by means 
of dots. Cyc. 

STIP'TIC. See Sty?tic. 

STIP'U-LA, or STIP'ULE, n. [L. stipula.] In botany, a 
scale at the base of nascent petioles or peduncles. A leafy 
appendage to the proper leaves or to their footstalks. 

STIP-U-La'CEOUS, I a. [from L. stipxda, stipularis.] 1 

STIP'U-LAR, \ Formed of stipules or scales. 2. 

Growing rn stipules, or close to them. 

STIP'U-LATE, v.i. [L. stipulor.] 1. To make an agree- 
ment or covenant with any person or company to do or 
forbear any thing; to contract; to settle terms. 2. To 
bargain. 

STIP'U-LATE, a. Having stipules on it. 

STIP'U-LA-TED, pp. Aareed ; contracted ; covenanted 

STIP'U-LA-TING, jjp-. Agreeing; contracting. 

STIP-U-La'TION, n. [Fr.; L. stipulatio.] 1. The act of 
agreeing and covenanting ; a contracting or bargaining. 

2. An agreement or covenant made by one person with 
another for the performance or forbearance of some act ; a 
contract or bargain. — 3. In botany, the situation and 
structure of the stipules. 

STIP'U-LA-TOR, n. One who stipulates or covenants. 

STIP'ULE. See Stipula. 

STiR, V. t. [Sax. stirian, styrian; D. stooren; G. storen,] 
1. To move ; to change place in any manner. 2. To agi- 
tate ; to bring into debate. 3. To incite to action ; to 
instigate ; to prompt. 4. To excite ; to raise ; to put into 
motion.— 7*0 stir up. 1. To incite ; to animate. 2. To ex- 
cite ; to put into action ; to begin. 3. To quicken ; to 
enliven. 4. To disturb. 



* Sej Synopsis. MOA'E, BOOK, D6VE ;— BUIX, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. "tObsolete 



STO 



794 



STO 



STSR, V. i. 1. To move one's self. 2. To go or be carried 
in any manner. 3. To be in motion ; not to be still. 4. 
To become the object of notice or conversation. 5. To 
rise in the morning 5 [colloquial,] Shak. 

STiR, n. [W. ystwr,~\ 1. Agitation ; tumult ; bustle ; noise 
or various movements. 2. Public disturbance or commo- 
tion j tumultuous disorder ; seditious uproar. 3. Agita- 
tion of thouglits ; conflicting passions. 

STiR'A-BOUT, n. A Yorkshire dish fonned of oat-meal, 
boiled in water to a certain consistency. Malone. 

STIR'I-A-TED, a. [L. stiria, an icicle.] Adorned vv'ith pen- 
dants like icicles. 

STIR'I-OUS, a. Resembling icicles. [Little used.] Brown. 

STiRK, n. A young ox or heifer. [Local.] 

t STiRP, 71. [L. stirps.] Stock ; race ; family. Bacon. 

STIRRED, p;*' Moved ; agitated ; put in action. 

STiR'RER, n. 1. One who is in motion. 2. One who puts 
in motion. 3. A riser in the morn'ag. 4. An inciter or 
exciter , an instigator. 5. A stirrer up, an exciter ; an 
instigator. 

STiR'RING ppr Moving ; agitating ; putting in motion. 

STiR'RING, ?i The act of moving or putting in motion. 

* STIR'RUP, (ster'rup) n. [Sax. stige-rapa.] A kind of 
ring or bent piece of metal, horizontal on one side for 
receiving the foot of the rider, and attached to a strap 
which is fastened to the saddle , used to assist persons 
in mounting a horse, and to enable them to sit steadily in 
riding, as well as to relieve them by supporting a part of 
the weight of the body. 

STIR'RUP-LEATH-ER, n. A strap that supports a stirrup. 

STITCH, V. t. [G. sticken; D. stikken ; Dan. stikker j Sw. 
sticka.] 1. To sew in a particular manner ; to sew slight- 
ly or loosely. 2. To form land into ridges ; [JV. England.] 

STITCH, V. i. To practice stitching. 

STITCH, 71. 1. A single pass of a needle in sewing. 2. A 
single turn of the thread round a needle in knitting ; a 
link of yarn. 3. A land ; the space between two double 
furrows in ploughed ground. 4. A local, spasmodic pain ; 
an acute, lancing pain, like the piercing of a needle. 

STITCHED, pp. Sewed slightly. 

STITCH'EL, 71. A kind of hairy wool. [Local.] 

STITCH'ER, n. One that stitches. 

STITCH'ER-Y, n. Needlework ; in contempt. Shak. 

t STITCH'FALL-EN, a. Fallen, as a stitch in knitting. 

STrOCH'ING, ppr. Sewing in a particular manner. 

STITCH'ING, n. 1. The act of stitching. 2. Work done 
by sewing in a particular manner. 3. The forming of 
land into ridges or divisions. 

STITCH'- W6RT, 71. A plant, camomile. [1.. anthemis.] 

t STITII, a. [Sax.] Strong ; rigid. 

STITH'Y, 7?. [Ice. stedia.] 1. An anvil j [local.] Shak. 
2. A disease m oxen. 

STIVE, v.t. [See Stuff and Stew.] 1. To stuff up close ; 
[little used.] Sandys, 2. To make hot, sultry and close ; 
[obs.] Wotton, 

STI'VER, n. [Sw. stifver ; D. stuiver.] A Dutch coin of 
about the value of the cent of the United Stales. 

SToAK, V. t. To stop ; to choke ; in seamen's language. 

SToAT, n. An animal of the weasel kind ; the ermine. 

t STo'€AH, 71. [Ir. and Erse.] An attendant ; a wallet- 
boy. 

STOC-CaDE', ) 71. [It. staccato ; Sp. estocada ,• Fr. estocade.] 

ST0C-€a'D0, \ 1. A stab ; a thrust with a rapier. 2. A 
fence or barrier made with stakes or posts planted in the 
earth ; a slight fortification 5 .see Stockade. 

t ST0-€HAS'TI€, a. [Gr. cTOxaariKos.] Conjectural ; able 
to conjecture. Brown. 

STOCK, n, [Sax. stoc ; G. stock ; D., Dan. stok ; Sw. stock ; 
Fr. estoc ; It. stocco.] 1. The stem or main body of a tree or 
other plant ; the fixed, strong, firm part ; the origin and sup- 
port of the branches. .Tob xiv. 2. The stem in which a graft 
is inserted, and which is its support. 3. A post ; something 
fixed, solid and senseless. 4. A person very stupid, dull 
and senseless. 5. The handle of any thing. 6. The 
v/ood in which the barrel of a musket or other fire-arm is 
fixed. 7. A thrust with a rapier ; [obs.] 8. A cravat or 
band for the neck. 9. A cover for the leg ; [obs. now 
stocking.] 10. The original progenitor ; also, the race or 
line of a family ; the progenitors of a family and their 
direct descendants ; lineage ; family. 11. A fund ; capi- 
tal ; the money or goods employed in trade, manufactures, 
insurance, banking, &c. 12. Money lent to government, 
or property in a public debt. 13. Supply provided : store. 
— 14. In agriculture, the domestic animals or beasts be- 
longing to the owner of a farm ; as, a stock of cattle or of 
sheep. 15. Living beasts shipped to a foreign country. 
Jlmerica.—W. In the West Indies, the slaves of a planta- 
tion. 17'. Stocks, plu., a machine consisting of two pieces 
of timber, in which the legs of criminals are confined by 
way of punishment. 18. The frame or timbers on wliicJi 
a ship rests while building. 19. The stock of an anchor 
is the piece of timber into which the shank is inserted. 
Mar. Diet —20. In book-keeping, the owner or owners of 
the books. 



STOCK, V. t. 1. lb store ; to supply ; to fill. 2. To lay np 
in store. 3. To put in the stocks ; [little v^xd.] 4. To 
pack ; to put into a pack. 5. To supply with domestic 
animals. 6. To supply with seed. ./37?ierica/i/ar»ier5. 7 
To sufl^er cows to retain their milk for 24 hours or more, 
previous to sale.— To stock up, to extirpate 5 to dig up. 
Edwards, W. Indies. 

STO€K-aDE', n. [See Stoccade.] 1. In fortification, a 
sharpened post or stake set in the earth. 2. A line of 
posts orstakes set in the earth as a fence or barrier. 

STOCK-aDE', v. t. To surround or fortify with sharpenei 
posts fixed in the ground. 

STOCK-aD'ED, pp. Fortified with stockades. 

STOCK-aD'ING, ppr. Fortifymg with sharpened posts or 



STOCK'BRoK-ER, 71. A broker who deals in the purchase 
and sale of stocks or shares in the public funds. 

STOCK'-DoVE, n. [stock and dove.] The ring-dove. Dry- 
den. 

STOCK'-FISH, 71. Cod dried hard and without salt. 

STOCK-GIL'LY-FLOW-ER, 71. A plant, a species of che- 
iranthus ^ sometimes written stock July flower. 

STO€K'HoLD-ER, n. A shareholder or proprietor of stock 
in the public funds, or in the funds of a bank or other 
company. United States. 

STOCK'ING, 71. [from stock ; Ir. stoca.] A garment made 
to cover the leg. 

STOCK'ING, V. t. To dress in stockings. Dryden. 

STOCK'ISH,a. Hard; stupid : blockish. [Little used.] Shak. 

STOCK'-JOB-BER, n. [stock and jo&.] One who speculates 
in the public funds for gain ; one whose occupation is to 
buy and sell stocks. 

STOCK'-JOB-BING, 71. The act or art of dealing in the 
public funds. Encyc. 

STOCK'-LOCK, 71. [stock and lock.] A lock fixed in wood 
Moxo^i. 

STOCKS, See under Stock. 

STOCK '-STILL, a. Still as a fixed post ; perfectly still- 

STOCK'Y, a. Thick and firm ; stout. A stocky person is 
one rather thick than tall or corpulent. 

SToTC, n. [Gr. otwiko?.] A disciple of the philosopher 
Zeno, who founded a sect. He taught that men should be 
free from passion, unmoved by joy or grief. 

STo'IC, / a. 1. Pertaining to the Stoics or to their doc- 

STo'I-CAL, ( trines. 2. Not affected by passion ; unfeei- 
iiig ; manifesting indifference to pleasure or pain. 

STo'I-CAL-LY, adv. In the manner of the Stoics ; with- 
out apparent feeling or sensibility ; with indifference to 
pleasure or pain. 

STo'I-CAL-NESS, n. The state of being Stoical ; indiffer- 
ence to pleasure or pain. 

STo'I-CISM, n. 1. The opinions and maxims of the Stoics, 
2. A real or pretended indifference to pleasure or pain ; 
insensibility. 

STOKE, Sax. stocce, stoc, place, is the same word as stock, 
differently applied. It is found in many English names 
of towns. 

STOKE, ) n. One who looks after the fire in a brew-house . 

SToK'ER, \ [Local or technical.] 

STOLE, pret. of steal. 

STOLE, ;i. [L., It. stola; Sp. estola.] 1. A long vest or 
robe ; a garment worn by the priests of some denomina- 
tions when they officiate. 2. [L. stolo.] A sucker; a 
shoot from the root of a plant, by which some plants may 
be propagated ; written, also, stool. 

STo'LEN, (sto'ln) pp. The passive participle of steal. 

tSTOL'lD, a. [L. stolidus.] Dull ; foolish ; stupid. 

STO-LID'I-TY, 71. Dullness of intellect ; stupidity. [L. u.] 

STOL-O-NIF'ER-OTJS, a. [h. stolo and /ero.] Producing 
suckers ; putting forth suckers. Martijn. 

SToM'ACH, 71. [L. stomaehus ,• It. stomacho ; Fr. estomac] 
1. In animal bodies, a membranous receptacle, the organ 
of digestion, in which food is prepared for entering intO' 
the several parts of the body for its nourishment. 2. Ap- 
petite ; the desire of food caused by hunger. 3. Incli- 
nation ; liking. 4. Anger ; violence of temper. 5. Sul- 
lenness ; resentment ; willful obstinacy ; stubbornness. 
G. Pride ; haughtiness. 

SToM'ACH, V. t. [L. stomaclwr,] 1. To resent ; to re- 
member with anger. 2. To brook ; to bear without open 
resentment or without opposition ; [710* elegant.] 

t ST6M'ACH, V. i. To be angry. Hooker. 

tST6M'A-CHAL,a. [Vx. stomacal.] Cordial ; helping the 
stomach. Cota-rave. 

SToM'ACHED, a. Filled with resentment. Shak. 

SToM'A-CHER, n. An ornament or support to the breast, 
worn by females. Is. iii. Shak. 

SToM'ACH-FUL, a. Willfully obstinate ; stubborn ; per- 
verse. L'Estrange. 

ST6M'ACH-FUL-NESS,7i. Stubbornness ; sullenness ; per- 
verse obstinacy. 

STO-MACH'IC, ) a, 1. Pertaining to the stomach. 2, 

STO-MACH'I-CAL, \ Strengthening to the stomach ; ex- 
citing the action of the stomach. 



* See Synopsis. A, K, T, O, "0, "7, long,—FK'R, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PTN, MARINE, BIRD;— t Obsolete 



STO 



795 



STU 



STO-MA€H'I€, n. A medicine that excites the actioii and 

strengthens the tone of the stomach. 
j-SToM'AOH-ING, n. Resentment. 

SToM-AGH'LESS, a. Being without appetite. Hall. 

fSToM'ACH-OUS, a. Stout ; sullen j obstinate. Spenser 

■j-SToIVI'A€H-Y, a. Obstinate; sullen. Jennings. 

STOJMP, for stamp, which see. 

t STOND, 7i. [for stand.] A stop ; a post ; a station. 

STONE, n. [Sax. Stan; Goth, staina ; G. stein; D., Dan. 
steen.] 1. A concretion of some species of earth, as lime, 
silex, clay and the like, usually in combination with some 
species of air or gas, with sulphur or with a metallic sub- 
stance ; a hard, compact body, of any form and size. 2. 
A gem ; a precious stone. 3. Any thing made of stone ; 
a mirror. 4. A calculous concretion in the kidneys or 
bladder ; the disease arising from a calculus. 5. A testicle. 
6. TJie nut of a drupe or stone-fruit ; or the hard covering 
inclosing the kernel, and itself inclosed by the pulpy 
pericarp. — 7. In Great Britain, the weight of fourteen 
pounds. [8, 12, 14 or 16.] 8. A monument erected to pre- 
serve the memory of the dead. 9. It is used to express 
torpidness and insensibility. 10. Stone is prefixed to 
some words to qualify their signification. 

STONE, a. Made of stone, or like stone ; as, a stone jug. 

STONE, V. t. [Sax. stcenan.} 1. To pell, beat or kill with 
stones. 2. To harden; [_Little used.] 3. To free from 
stones. 4. To wall or face with stones ; to line or fortify 
wjtli stones. 

SToNE'-BLiND, a. Blind as a stone ; perfectly blind. 

SToNE'-BoW, n. A cross bow for shooting stones. 

SToNE'-BREaK, 71. [L. saxifraga.} A plant. 

STONE'-CHAT, / n. [stone and chatter.^ A bird, 

SToNE'-CHAT-TER, \ the motacilla rubicola. 

SToNE'-eRAY, n. A distemper in hawks. 

SToNE'-€ROP, n. [Sax. stan-crop.] A sort of tree ; a 
plant. 

ST6NE'€UT-TER, n. [stone and cut.] One whose occu- 
pation is to hew stones. Swift. 

SToNE'eUT-TING, ;i. The business of hewing stones for 
walls, steps, cornices, monuments, &c. 

SToNED, pp. Pelted or killed with stones; freed from 
stones ; walled with stones. 

SToNE'-DEAD, a. As lifeless as a stone. 

SToNE'-FERN, w. [stone and fern.] A plant. 

SToNE'-FLY, TO. [stone and ^y.] An insect, jlinsworth. 

SToNE'-FRtJlT, 7j. [stone and fruit.] Fruit whose seeds 
are covered with a hard shell enveloped in the pulp, as 
peaches, cherries, plums, &c.; a drupe. 

SToNE'-HAWK, n. [stone and hawk.) A kind of hawk. 

BTfjNE'-HEART-ED, or STo'NY-HEART-ED, a. Hard- 
hearted ; cruel ; pitiless ; unfeeling. 

SToNE'-HORSE, 71. A horse not castrated. 

SToNE'-HOUSE, n. A house built of stone. 

SToNE'-PARS-LEY, n. A plant of the genus bubon. 

SToNE'-PIT, n. A pit or quarry where stones are dug. 

SToNE'-PITCH, n. Hard, inspissated pitch. 

SToNE'-PLoV-ER, 71. [stone and plover .] A bird. 

SToN'ERj 71. One who beats or kills with stones ; one who 
walls with stones. 

SToNES'-€AST, or SToNES'-THRoW, n. The distance 
which a stone may be thrown by the hand. 

SToNE'S'-MI€-KLE, n. A bird. Ainsworth. 

SToNE'-SQ,UaR-ER, 77. [stone and square.] One who 
forms stones into squares. 1 Kings v. 

SToNE'-STILL, a. [stone and still.] Still as a stone ; per- 
fectly still or motionless. 

SToNE'-WALL, n. A wall built of stones. 

ST6NE'-WARE,7i. [stone and ware.] A species of potter's- 
ware of a coarse kind, glazed and baked. 

SToNE'-WoRK, n. [stone and 7007-/i:.] Work or wall con- 
sisting of stone ; mason's work of stone. Mortimer. 

STo'NI-NESS, n. 1. The quality of abounding with stones. 
2. Hardness of heart. Hammond. 

STO'NY, a. [D. steenig ; G. steinig.] 1. Made of stone. 
2. Consisting of stone. 3. Full of stones; abounding 
with stones. 4. Petrifying. 5. Hard ; cruel ; unrelenting ; 
pitiless, 6. Insensible ; obdurate ; perverse ; morally 
hard. 

STOOD, pret. of stand. 

STOOK, n. [W. ystwc] A small collection of sheaves set 

' up in the field. [Local.] 

STOOK, V. t. To set up sheaves of grain in stocks. [Local.] 

STOOL, 71. [Sax. stol ; Goth, stols ; G. stuhl ; D., Dan. stoel ; 
Sw. stol.] 1. A seatwithout a back ; a little form consist- 
ing of a board with three or four legs, intended as a seat 
for one person. 2. The seat used in evacuating the con- 
tents of the bowels ; hence, an evacuation ; a discharge 
from the bowels. 3. [L. stolo.] A sucker ; a shoot from 
the bottom of the stem or the root of a plant. — Stool of 
repentance, in Scotland, an elevated seat in the church, on 
which persons sit as a punishment for fornication and 
aaultery. 

STOOL, V. i. In agriculture, to ramify ; to tiller, as grain ; 
to shoot out suckers. 



STOOL'-BALL, n. [stool and ball.] A play in which balls 
are driven from stool to stool. Prior 

STOOM, V. t. To put bags of herbs or other ingredients into 
wine, to prevent fermentation. [Local.] 

STOOP. V. I. [Sax. stupian; D. stuipen.] 1. To bend the 
body downward and forward. 2. To bend or lean forward , 
to incline forward in standing or walking. 3. To yield ; 
to submit; to bend ay compulsion. 4. To descend from 
rank or dignity ; to condescend. 5. To yield ; to be infe- 
rior. 6. To come down on prey, as a hawk. 7. To alight 
from the wing. 8. To sink to a lower place. 

STOOP, V. t. 1. To cause to incline downward 3 to sink. 
2. To cause to submit ; [little used.] 

STOOP, n. 1. The act of bending the body forward ; in- 
clination forward. 2. Descent from dignity or superiority 
condescension. 3. Fall of a bird on his prey. — 4. In 
America, a kind of shed, generally open, but attached to a 
house ; also, an open place for seats at a door. 

STOOP, 71. [Sax. stoppa ; D. stoop.] 1. A vessel of liquor. 
2. A post fixed in the earth ; [locaL] 

STOOPED, pp. Caused to lean. 

STOOPER, 71. One that bends the body forward. 

STOOPTNGj^^jr. Bending the body forward; yielding, 
submitting ; condescending ; inclining. 

STOOPTNG-LY, adv. With a bending of the body forward. 

STOOR, V. i. To rise in clouds, as dust or smoke ; from the 
Welsh ystwr, a stir. [Local.] 

STOOT'ER, 77. A small silver coin in Holland, value 2| 
stivers. Encyc. 

STOP, -u. t. [D. stoppen; G. stopfen ; Dan. stopper; Sw. 
stoppa ; It. stoppare.] 1. To close ; as an aperture, by 
filling or by obstructing. 2. To obstruct ; to render im- 
passable. 3. To hinder ; to impede ; to arrest progress. 
4. To restrain; to hinder ; to suspend. 5. To repress; to 
suppress: to restrain. 6. To hinder; to check. 7. To 
hinder from action or practice. 8. To put an end to any 
motion or action ; to intercept. 9. To regulate the sounds 
of musical strings. — 10. In seamanship, to make fast. 11. 
To point, as a written composition ; [obs.] 

STOP, V. i. 1. To cease to go forward. 2. To cease from 
any motion or course of action. 

STOP, n. I. Cessation of progressive motion. 2. Hinder- 
ance of progress ; obstruction ; act of stopping. 3. Re- 
pression ; hinderance of operation or action. 4. Interrup- 
tion. 5. Prohibition of sale. 6. That which obstructs ; 
obstacle ; impediment. 7. The instrument by which the 
sounds of wind-music are regulated. 8. Regulation of 
musical chords by the fingers. 9. The act of applying 
the stops in music. 10. A point or mark in writing, in- 
tended to distinguish the sentences, parts of a sentence or 
clauses, and to show the proper pauses in reading. 

STOP'-€0€K, 77. [stop and cock.] A pipe for letting out a 
fluid, stopped by a turning-cock. Oreio. 

fSTOP'-GAP, 71. A temporary expedient. 

fSTOP'LESS, a. Not to be slopped. Davenant. 

STOP'PAGE, 71. The act of stopping or arresting progress 
or motion ; or the state of beuig stopped. 

STOPPED, j:)^. Closed; obstructed ; hindered from proceed 
ing ; impeded ; intercepted. 

STOP'PER, n. 1. One who stops, closes, shuts or hinders , 
that which stops or obstructs ; that which closes or fills a 
vent or hole in a vessel. — 2. In seamen's language, a 
short piece of rope used for making something fast, as the 
anchor or cables. 

STOP'PER, V. t. To close with a stopper. 

STOP'PERED, pp. Closed with a stopper. Henry. 

STOP'PING, ppr. Closing ; shutting ; obstructing ; hinder 
ing from proceeding ; ceasing to go or move. 

STOP'PLE, 71. [Sw. stopp.] That which stops or closes the 
rnouth of a vessel. 

SToR'AGE, 71. 1. The act of depositing in a store or ware- 
house for safe keeping ; or the safe keeping of goods in a 
warehouse. 2. The price charged or paid for keeping 
goods in a store. 

STo'RAX, 71. [L. styrax.] A plant or tree. 

STORE, 7!. [yv.ystur; Sax., Dan. stor ; Ir. stor, storas.] 
1. A large number; [obs.] 2. A large quantity; great 
plenty ; abundance. 3. A stock provided ; a large quan- 
tity for supply ; ample abundance. 4. Cluantity accumu- 
lated; fund; abundance. 5. A storehouse ; amagazineja 
warehouse. — 6. In the United States, shops for the sale of 
goods of any kind, by wholesale or retail, are often called 
stores. — In store, in a state of accumulation, in a literal 
sense ; hence, in a state of preparation for supply. 

t STORE, a. Hoarded ; laid up ; as, store treasure. 

STORE, V. t. 1 To furnish ; to supply ; to replenish., 2 
To stock against a future time. 3. To reposit in a store 
or warehouse for preservation ; to wareliouse. 

STORED, pp. 1. Furnished ; supplied. 2. Laid up in 
store ; warehoused. 

SToRE'-HOUSE, ti. 1. A building for keeping grain or 
goods of any kind ; a magazine ; a repository ; a ware- 
house. 2. A repository. 3. A great mass repositedj 
[obs.] 



* See Synopsis. MCVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



STR 



790 



STR 



ST6BE'-KEEP-ER, n [store and keeper.] A man who has 
the care of a store 

SToR'ER, n. One who lays up, or forms a store. 

t STo'RI-AL, a. [from story.] Historical. Chaucer. 

STo'RIED, a. [from story.] 1. Furnished with stories ; 
adorned with historical paintings. 2. Related in story ; 
told or recited in history. 

■'STo'RI-ER, n. A lelater of stories ; a historian. , 

t STo'RI-FY, V. t. To form or tell stories. Ch. R. Appeal. 

STORK, n. [Sax. store ; Dan,, Sw. stork.] A large fowl of 
fhe genus ardea or heron. 

STORK'S'-BILL, n. A plant of the genus geranium. 

STORM, n. [Sax., D., Dan., Sw. storm ; G. sturm.] 1. A 
violent wind j a tempest. 2. A violent assault on a forti- 
fied place ; a furious attempt of troops to enter and take 
a fortified place by scaling the walls, forcing the gates, 
and the like. 3. Violent civil or political commotion ; 
sedition ; insurrection j also, clamor ; tumult ; disturbance 
of the public peace. 4. Affliction j calamity; distress 3 
adversity. 5. Violence; vehemence; tumultuous force. 

STORM, V. t. To assault ; to attack and attempt to take 
by scaling the walls, forcing gates or breaches, and the 
like. 

STORM, V. i. 1. To raise a tempest. 2. To blow with 
violence ; impersonally. 3. To rage ; to be in a violent 
agitation of passion; to fume. 

STORM'-BeAT, a. Beaten or impaired by storms. 

STORMED, pp. Assaulted by violence. 

STORM'I-NESS, 71. Tempestuousness ; the state of being 
agitated by violent winds. 

STORM'ING, ppr. Attacking with violent force ; raging. 

STORM'Y, a. 1. Tempestuous ; agitated with furious 
winds ; boisterous. 2. Proceeding from violent agitation 
or fury. 3. Violent; passionate; [unusual.] 

STo'RY, n. [Sax. stmr, ster ; It. storia ; L. historia.] 1. A 
verbal narration or recital of a series of facts or incidents. 
2. A written narrative of a series of facts or events , 3. 
History ; a written narrative or account of past transac- 
tions, whether relating to nations or individuals. 4. Pet- 
ty tale ; relation of a single incident or of trifling inci- 
dents. 5. A trifling tale ; a fiction ; a fable ; as, the story 
of a fairy. 6. A lolt ; a floor ; or a set of rooms on the 
same floor or level. 

STo'RY, w. t. 1. To tell in historical relation ; to narrate. 
2. To range one under another ; \l.u.] Bentley. 

STo'RY-TELL-ER, n. [story and tell.] 1. One who tells 
stories; a narrator of a series of incidents. 2. A histori- 
an ; in contempt. 3. One who tells fictitious stories. 

jSTOT, n. [Sa.x. stotte.] 1. Ahorse. 2. A young bullock 
or steer. 

STOTE. See Stoat. 

f STOTJND, V. i. [Ice. stunde.] 1. To be in pain or sorrow. 
2. Stunned; see Astound. 

jSTOUND, n. 1. Sorrow; grief. 2. A shooting pain. 3. 
Noise. 4. Astonishment; amazement. 5. ['Da.n. stund.] 
Hour ; time ; season. 6. A vessel to put small beer in ; 
[local.] 

■j STOUR, n. [Sax. strjrlan.] A battle or tumult. 

STOUT, a. [D. stout; Dan. stSder.] 1. Strong; lusty. 2. 
Bold; intrepid; valiant; brave. 3. Large; bulky. 4. 
Proud; resolute; obstinate. 5. Strong; firm. 

STOUT, 71. A cant name for strong beer. Swift. 

STOUT'LY, ado. Lustily ; boldly ; obstinately. 

STOUT'NESS, 71. 1. Strength ; bulk. 9. Boldness ; for- 
titude. 3. Obstinacy; stubbornness. Shak. 

STOVE, 71, [Sax.stofa; Sw. stufva ; D. stoof ; It. stufa.] 
1. A hot-house ; a house or room artificially warmed. 2. 
A small box with an iron pan, used for holding coals to 
warm the feet. 3. An iron box, cylinder or fire-place, in 
which fire is made to warm an apartment. 4. An iron 
box, with various apartments in it for cooking ; a culina- 
ry ute-nsil of various forms, 

STOVE, V. t. To keep warm in a house or room by artifi- 
cial heat. 

STOVE, pret. of stave. 

SToV'ER, n. [a contraction of estover.] Fodder for cattle ; 
prim.arily, fodder from threshed grain. 

SToW, V. t. [Sax. stoio ; G. stazien ; D. stuwen ; Dan. stu- 
ver ; Sp., Port, estivar.] 1. To place ; to put in a suita- 
ble place or position. 2. To lay up ; to reposit. 

SToW'AOE, n. 1. The act or operation of placing in a 
suitable position ; or the suitable disposition of several 
tilings together. 2, Room for the reception of things to 
be reposited. 3. The state of being laid up. 4. Money 
paid for stowing goods ; [little used.] 

ST'^WED, pp. Placed in due position or order, 

SToW'ING, ppr. Placing in due position ; disposing in 
good order. 

STRa'BISM, n. [L. strabismus.] A squinting ; the act or 
habit of looking asquint. 

STRAD'DLB, v. i. To part the legs wide ; to stand or walk 
with the legs far apart. 

BTRAD'DLE, v. t. To place one leg on one side and the 
other on the other of any thing. 



STRAD'DLING, ppr. Standing or walking with the legs 
far apart ; placing one leg on one side and the other on the 
other. 

STRAG'GLE, (strag'l) v. i. 1. To wander from the direct 
course or way ; to rove. 2. To wander at large without 
any certain direction or object ; to ramble. 3. To exuber- 
ate ; to shoot too far in growth, 4. To be dispersed ; to 
be apart from any main body. 

STRAG'GLER, n. 1. A wanderer; a rover; one that de- 
parts from the direct or proper course. Swift. 2. A vaga- 
bond ; a wandering, shiftless fellow. 3. Something that 
shoots beyond the rest, or too far. 4. Something that 
stands by itself. 

STRAG'GLING, ppr. Wandering; roving; rambling; be- 
ing in a separate position. 

STRAHL'STEIN, n. [G. strahl and stein.] Another name 
of actinolite. Ure. 

STRAIGHT, (strate) a. [L. strictus ; Sax. strac ; Fr. etroit; 
It. stretto ; Sp. estrecho ; Port, estreito,] 1. Right, in a 
mathematical sense ; direct ; passing from one point to an- 
other by the nearest course ; not deviating or crooked. 2. 
Narrow; dose; tight. 3. Upright; according with jus- 
tice and rectitude ; not deviating from truth or fair- 
ness. 

STRAIGHT, (strate) adv. Immediately ; directly ; in the 
shortest time. 

STRaIGHT'EN, (stra'tn) v.t. 1. To make straight ; to re- 
duce from a crooked to a straight form. 2. To make nar 
row, tense or close ; to tighten. 3. To reduce to difficu! 
ties or distress. 

STRAIGHT'ENED, pp. Made straight ; made narrow. 

STRAIGHT'EN-ER, n. He or that which straightens. 

STRAIGHT'EN-ING, ppr. Making straight or narrow. 

STRAIGHT'PoRTH, atZtj. Directly; thenceforth. 

STRAIGIIT'LY, adv. 1. In a right line ; not crookedly. 
2. Tightly ; closely, 

STRAIGHT'NESS, (strate'nes) n. 1. The quality or state 
of being straight; rectitude. Bacon. 2. Narrowness; 
tension ; tightness. 

STRAIGHT'WAY, (strate'wa) adv. [straight and way.] 
Immediately ; without loss of time ; without delay. — 
Straighticays is obsolete. 

STRAIKS, n. Strong plates of iron on the circumference of 
a cannon wheel over the joints of the fellies. 

STRAIN, V. t. [Fr. etreindre ; It. strignere ; Sp, estrenir ; 
L, stringo.] 1. To stretch ; to draw with force ; to ex- 
tend with great efibrt, 2, To cause to draw with force, 
or with excess of exertion ; to injure by pressing with too 
much efi'ort, 3, To stretch violently or by violent exer- 
tion, 4. To put to the utmost strength. 5. To press or 
cause to pass through some porous substance ; to purify or 
separate from extraneous matter by filtration ; to filter. 
6. To sprain ; to injure by drawing or stretching. 7. To 
make tighter ; to cause to bind closer, 8. To force ; to 
constrain ; to make uneasy or unnatural, 

STRAIN, V. i. 1. To make violent efforts. 2. To be fil- 
tered. 

STRAIN, n. A violent effort ; a stretching or exertion of 
the limbs or muscles, or of any thing else. 2. An injury 
by excessive exertion, drawing or stretching. 3. Style ; 
continued manner of speaking or writing. 4. Song; 
note ; sound ; or a particular part of a tune. 5. Turn ; 
tendency; inborn disposition. 6. Manner of speech or 
action, 7. Race ; generation ; descent ; [ohs.] 8. He- 
reditary disposition ; [obs.] 9. Rank; character; [obs.] 

fSTRAIN'A-BLE, a. Capable of being strained. Bacon. 

STRAINED, j>p. Stretched; violently exerted ; filtered. 

STRAIN'ER, n. That through which any liquid passes for 
purification ; an instrument for filtration. 

STRAIN'IA^G, ppr. Stretching ; exerting with violence ; 
making great efforts ; filtering. 

STRAIN'ING, 71. The act of stretching; the act of filter- 
ing ; filtration. 

fSTRATNT, 71. A violent stretching or tension. Spenser. 

STRAIT, a. [See Straight.] 1. Narrow; close; not 
broad. 2. Close; intimate; as, a strait degree of favor. 
Sidney. 3. Strict; rigorous, 4, Difficult ; distressful, 5. 
Straight ; not crooked, 

STRAIT, 71, [See Straight.] 1. A narrow pass or 
passage, either in a mountain or in the ocean, betvs^een 
continents or other portions of land. 2. Distress ; difficul- 
ty ; distressing necessity ; formerly written streight. 

t STRAIT, V. t. To put to difficulties. Shak. 

STRAIT'EN, (stra'tn) v.t. 1. To make narrow. 2. To 
contract ; to confine. 3. To make tense or tight. 4. To 
distress ; to perplex ; to press with poverty or other neces- 
sity. 5. To press by want of sufficient room. 

STRATT'-HAND-ED, a. [strait and hand.] Parsimonious ; 
sparing ; niggardly. [JVot much used.] 

STRAIT-HAND'ED-NESS, n. Niggardliness ; parsimony. 
Hall. 

STRAIT'-LACED, a. [strait and lace.] I. Griped with 
stays. Locke. 2. Stiff; constrained. 3. Rigid in opin 
ion; strict. 



See S-trnopsis A, K, T, O, tJ, Y, long.~FKR, FALL, W^HAT ;— PREY ;~PlN, MARINE, BIRD ; 



f Obsolete 



STR 



797 



STR 



STRaITLY, ado 1. Narrowly; closely. 2. Strictly; 

rigorously. 3. Closely; intimately. 
STRaIT'NESS, n. 1. Narrowness. 2. Strictness; rigor. 
3. Distress; difficulty; pressure frrjn necessity of any 
kind, particularly, from poverty. 4. Want ; scarcity ; or 
rather narrowness. 
STRaIT'-WAIST-€oAT, or STRaIT'-JA€K-ET, 71. An 

apparatus to confine the limbs of a distracted person, 
f STRAKE, pret. of strike. See Strike. 

STRAKE, w. [Sp. traca.] 1. A streak ; [not iised, unless 
iri reference to the range of planks in a ship^s side ; see 
Streak.] 2. A narrow hoard ; [obs.] 3. The iron band 
of a wheel ; '[in the United States, this is called a band, 
or the tire of a wheel.] 

STRAM, V. i. [Ban. strammer.] To spread out the limbs; 
to sprawl. [Local and vulgar.] 

STRAM'ASH, v. t. [It. stramazzare.] To strike, beat or 
bang ; to break ; to destroy. [Local and vulgar.] Grose. 

STRA-MIN'E-OUS, a. [L. stramineus.] 1. Strawy ; con- 
sisting of straw. 2. Chaffy; like straw ; light. 

STRAND, n. [Sax., G., D., Dan., Sw. sfra?/*/.] ]. The 
shore or beach of the sea or ocean, or of a large lake, and 
perhaps, of a navigable river. 2. [Russ. struna.] One of 
the twists or parts of which a rope is composed. 

STRAND, v.t 1. To drive or run aground on the sea- 
shore, as a ship. 2. To break one of the strands of a 
rope. 

STRAND, V. i. To drift or be driven on shore ; to run 
aground. 

STRAND'ED, pp 1. Run ashore. 2. Having a. strand 
broken. 

STR AND'ING , ppr. Running ashore ; breaking a strand. 

STRANG, a. Strong. Used in the J^orth of England. 

STRaNGE, a. [Fr. etrange ; It. strano ; Sp. extrano.] I. 
Foreign ; belonging to another country ; [l. u.] 2. Not 
domestic; belonging to others; [nearly obs,] 3. New; 
not before known, heard or seen. 4. Wonderful ; caus- 
ing surprise ; exciting curiosity. 5. Odd ; unusual ; irreg- 
ular; not according to the common way. 6, Ren'ote; 
[I. u.] 7. Uncommon ; unusual. 8. Unacquainted. 9. 
Strange is sometimes uttered by way of exclamation. 

t STRaNGE, v. t. To alienate ; to estrange. 

t STRaNGE, v. i. 1. To wonder ; to be astonished. 2. To 
be estranged or alienated. 

STRaNGE'LY, adv. 1. With some relation to foreigners ; 
[obs.] 2. Wonderfully ; in a manner or degree to excite 
surprise or wonder. 

STRaNGE'NESS, n. 1. Foreignness ; the state of belong- 
ing to another country. 2. Distance in behavior ; re- 
serve ; coldness ; forbidding manner. 3. Remoteness 
from common manners or notions ; uncouthness. 4. 
Alienation of mind ; estrangement; mutual dislike ; [obs., 
or I. u.] 5. Wonderfulness ; the power of exciting sur- 
prise and wonder ; uncommonness that raises wonder by 
novelty. 

STRaN'GER, n. [Fr. etranger.] 1. A foreigner ; one who 
belongs to another country. 2. One of another town, city, 
state or province in the same country. 3. One unknown. 
4. One unacquainted. 5. A guest; a visitor. 6. One 
not admitted to any communication or fellowship. — 7. In 
law, one not privy or party to an act. 

t STRaN'GER, v. t. To estrange ; to alienate. Shak. 

STRAN'GLE, v. t. [Fr. ctrangler ; It. strangolare ; L. 
strangulo.] 1. To choke ; to suffocate ; to destroy life 
by stopping respiration. 2. To suppress ; to hinder from 
birth or appearance. 

STRAN'GLED, pp. Choked ; suffocated ; suppressed. 

STRAN'GLER, n. One who strangles. 

STRAN'GLES, n. Swellings in a horse's throat. 

STRAN'GLING, ppr. Choking ; suffocating. 

STRAN'GLING, n. The act of destroying life by stopping 
respiration. 

STRAN'GU-LA-TED, a. Compressed. 

STRAN-GU-La'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. strangulatio.] I. The 
act of strangling ; the act of destroying life by stopping 
respiration ; suffocation, 2. That kind of suffocation 
which is common to women in hysterics ; also, the strait- 
ening or compression of the intestines in hernia. Cyc. 

STRAN-Gu'RI-OUS, a. Denoting the pain of strangury. 
Cheyne. 

STRAN'GU-RY, n. [L. stranguria; Gr. orTpayyovpia.li 
Literally, a discharge of urine by drops ; a difficulty of 
discharging urine, attended with pain. 

STRAP, n. [D. strop ; Dan., Sw. sti-op ; Sax. stropp.] 1. A 
long, narrow slip of cloth or leather, of various forms and for 
various uses. — 2. In botany, the flat part of the coroUet in 
ligulate florets ; also, an appendage to the leaf in some 
grasaes. 

STRAP, v. t. 1. To beat or chastise with a strap. 2. To 
fasten or bind with a strap. 3. To rub on a strap for 
sharpening, as a razor. 

STRAP-Pa'DO, n. [It. strappata.] A military punishment 
formerly practiced. Shak. 

STRAP-Pa'DO, v. t. To torture Milton. 



STRAP'PING, ppr. 1. Drawing on a strap, as a razor. 2. 
Binding with a strap. 3. a. Tall ; lusty. 

STRAP'-SHaPED, a. In botany, ligulate. 

STRa'TA, 71. ;)Zu. [See Stratum.] Beds; layers; as, stra- 
ta of sand, clay or coal. 

STRAT'A-GEM, n. [L. stratagema ; Fr. stratageme ; It, 
stratagemma.] 1. An artifice, particularly in war ; a 
plan or scheme for deceiving an enemy. 2. Any artifice ^ 
a trick by which some advantage is intended to be ob- 
tained. 

t STRAT-A-6EM*I-eAL, a. Full of stratagems. Swift. 

STRa'TEGE, I n. [Gr. aTparTtyos.] An Athenian genera. 

STRAT'E-GUS, \ officer. Mitfurd. 

t STRATH, n. [W. ystrad.] A vale, bottom or low ground 
between hills. 

STRAT-I-FI-€a'TION, n. 1. The process by which sub- 
stances in the earth have been formed into strata or lay- 
ers. 2. The state of being formed into layers in the 
earth. 3. The act of laying in strata. 

STRAT'I-FIED, pp. Formed into a layer. 

STRAT'I-FY, v. t. [Fr. stratifier, from L. stratum.] 1. To 
form into a layer, as substances in the earth. 2. To lay 
in strata. 

STRAT'I-FY-ING, ppr. Arranging in a layer. 

STRA-TOC'RA-CY, n. [Gr. arparos and Kpareo).] A mili- 
tary government; government by military chiefs and an 
army. Outhrie. 

t STRA-TOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. dTparos and ypa<p(a.] De- 
scription of armies, or what belongs to an army. 

STRa'TUM, n. ; plu. Sthatums, or Strata. The latter is 
most common. [I..] 1. In geology and mineralogy, a 
layer ; any species of earth, sand, coal and the like, ar- 
ranged in a flat form, distinct from the adjacent matter. 
2. A bed or layer artificially made. 

t STRAUGHT, pp. for stretched Chaucer 

STRAW, ^w. [Sax. streow ; G. stroh ; D. stroo ; Dan. straae ; 
Sw." strS.] ]. The stalk or stem of certain species of 
grain, puLse, &c. chiefly of wheat, rye, oats, barley, buck- 
wheat and peas. 2. A mass of the stalks of certain spe- 
cies of grain when cut, and after being thrashed. 3. Any 
thing proverbially worthless. 

STRAW, v. t. To spread or scatter. See Strew and Strow. 

STRAW'BER-RY, n. [straw and berry ; Sax. straw-berie.] 
A plant and its fruit, of the genus /ra^ana. 

STRAW'BER-RY-TREE, n. An evergreen tree. 

STRAW'-BUTLT, a. Constructed of straw. 

STRAW'-€oL-OR, n. The color of dry straw ; a beautiful 
yellowish color. 

STRAW'-€oL-ORED, a. Of a light yellow, the color of 
dry "straw. 

STRaW'-€UT-TER, n. An instrument to cut straw for 
fodder. 

STRAW'-DRaIN, n. A drain filled with straw. 

STRAW'-STUFFED, a. Stuffed with straw. Hall. 

STRAW'-WoRM, 71. [straw and toorm.] A worm bred in 
straw. 

STRAW'Y, a. 1. Made of straw ; consisting of straw. 
Boyle. 2. Like straw ; light. 

STRAY, v.. i. [Sax. strwgan, stre.gan ; G. streichen.] I. To 
wander, as from a direct course ; to deviate or go out of 
the way. 2. To wander from company, or from the 
proper limits. 3. To rove ; to wander from the path of 
duly or rectitude ; to err ; to deviate. 4. To wander ; to 
rove at large ; to play free and unconfined. 5. To wan 
der ; to run a serpentine course. 

t STRAY, v. t. To mislead. Shak. 

STRAY, n. 1. Any domestic animal that has left an inclo- 
sure and wanders at large, or is lost. 2. The aci of wan- 
dering ; [little used.] 

STRaY'ER, 71. A wanderer. [Little used.] 

STRaY'ING, ppr. V/andering ; roving; departing. 

STRkAK, n, [Sax, strica, stric ; G. streich and strkh ; D. 
strcek.] 1. A line or long mark of a different color from 
the ground ; a stripe. — 2. In a ship, a uniform range of 
planks on the side or bottom; someiimes pronounced 
strake. Mar. Diet. 

STReAK, v, t. 1. To form streaks or str'pes in ; to stripe ; 
to variegate with lines of a different color or of different 
colors. 2. To stretch ; [not elegant.] Chapman. 

STREAK, v. i.' To run swiftly. [ Vulgar in JV. England.] 

STRicAKED, pp. Marked or variegated with stripes of a 
different color. 

STReAK'ING, ppr. Making streaks in. 

STReAK'Y, a. Having stripes ; striped ; variegated with 
lines of a different color. 

STREAM, 71. [Sax.gSt?-ea7n, ; G. strom ; D. stroom ; Dan 
str'dm ; Sw. strom.] 1. A current of water or other 
fluid ; a liquid substance flowing in a tine or course, 
either on the earth, as a river or brook, or from a vessel 
or other reservoir or fountain. 2. A river, brook or rivu- 
let. 3. A current of water in the ocean. 4. A current 
of melted metal or other substance. 5 Any thing issuing 
from a source and moving witti a continued succession 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SIl ; TH us in t/;.ii f Obsolete 



STil 



798 



STR 



of partsL 6k A continued current or course ; [obs.] 7. A 
current of aic or gas, or of light. 8. Current ; drift ; as of 
opinions or manners. 9. Water. 

STRkAM, v.i. J. To flow; to move or run in a contin- 
uous current. 2. To emit ; to pour out in abundance. 3. 
To issue with continuance, not by lits. 4. To issue or 
shoot in streaks. 5. To extend; to stretch in a long 
line. 

STREAM, V. t. To mark with colors or embroidery in long 
tracts. 

STREAMER, n. An ensign or flag ; a pennon extended or 
flo^ving in the wind ; a poetic use of the word. 

STPcEAM'IJVG, ppr. 1. Flowing ; running in a current. 
2. Emitting; pouring out in abundance. 3. Flowing; 
floating loosely, as a flag. 

STReAM'LET, 71. A small stream; a rivulet ; a rill. 

STReAM'-TIN, n. Particles or masses of tin found be- 
neath the surface of alluvial ground. Encyc. 

STReAM'Y, a. 1. Abounding with running water. 2. 
Flowing with a current or streak. Pope. 

f STREEK, v. t. [Sax. streccan.] To lay out, as a dead 
bjdv 

STREET, n. [Sax. strcete, strete ; G. strasse ; D. straat ; 
Sw. strut ; Dan. stride ; It. strada ; Sp. estrada.] 1. 
Properly, a paved way or road ; but in usage, any way or 
road in a city, chiefly a main way, in distinction from a 
lane or alley. — 2. Among the people of JVew England, any 
public highway.— 3. Streets, plural, any public" way, road 
or place. 

STREET'-WALK-ER, n. [street and walk.] A common 
prostitute that offers herself to sale in the streets. 

STREET'-WARD, 71. [street and ward.] Formerly, an offi- 
cer who had the care of the streets. Cowel. 

fSTREIGHT, n. A narrow. See Strait. 

fSTREIGHT, adv. Strictly. See Strait. 

t STRENE, Ji. Race ; offspring. Chaucer. 

STRENGTH, 71. [Sax. strength, from streng, strong.] 1. 
That property or quality of an animal body by which it is 
enabled to move itself or other bodies. We say, a man 
has strength to lift a weight, or to draw it. This quality 
is called also power and force. But force is also used to 
denote the effect of strengtli exerted, or the quantity of 
motion. Strength, in this sense, is positive, or the power 
of producing positive motion or action, and is opposed to 
li^eakness. 2. Firmness ; solidity or toughness ; the qual- 
ity of bodies by which they sustain tlie application of 
force without breaking or yielding. 3. Power or vigor of 
any kind. 4. Power of resisting attacks ; fastnes's. 5. 
Support ; that which supports ; that which supplies 
strength ; security. 6. Power of mind ; intellectual 
force ; tlie power of any faculty. 7. Spirit ; animation. 
8. Force of writing; vigor; nervous diction. 9. Vivid- 
ness. 10. Spirit ; the quality of any liquor which has the 
power of affecting the taste, or of producing sensible ef- 
fects on other bodies. 11. The virtue or spirit of any 
vi:;getable, or of its juices or qualities. 12. Legal or moral 
force ; validity ; the quality of binding, uniting or secur- 
ing. 13. Vigor ; natural force. 14. That which supports ; 
confidence. 15. Amount of force, military or naval ; an 
army or navy ; number of troops or ships well appointed. 
16. Soundness; force; the quality that convinces, per- 
suades or commands assent. 17. Vehemence ; force pro- 
ceeding from motion and proportioned to it. 18. Degree 
of brightness or vividness. 19. Fortification ; fortress ; 
[obs.] 20. Support; maintenance of power ; [obs.] 

t STRENGTH, v. t. To strengthen. 

STRENGTH'EN, (strength'n) v. t. 1. To make strong or 
stronger ; to add strength to, either physical, legal or 
moral. 2. To confirm ; to establish. 3. To animate ; to 
encourage ; to fix in resolution. 4. To cause to increase 
in power or security. 

STRENGTH'EN, v. i. To grow strong or stronger. 

STRENGTH'ENED, pp. Made strong or stronger. 

STRENG TH'EN-ER, 71. 1. That wliich increases strength. 
— 2. In medicine, something which, taken into the system, 
increases the action and energy of the vital powers. 

STRENGTH'EN-ING, ppr. Increasing strength, physical 
or moral ; confirming ; animating. 

STRENGTH'LESS, a. 1. Wanting strength ; destitute of 
power. 2. Wanting spirit ; [I. u.] Boyle. 

STREN'U-OUS, a. [1.. strenuus ; It. strenuo.l 1. Eagerly 
pressing or crgent ; zealous ; ardent. 2. Bold and ac- 
tive ; valiant, intrepid and ardent. 

STREN'U OUS-LY, adv. 1. With eager and pressing zeal ; 
ardently 2. Boldly ; vigorously ; actively. 

STREN'U-OUS-NESS, n. Eagerness; earnestness; active 
zeal ; ardor in pursuit of an object. 

STREP'ENT, a [L. strepens.] Noisy ; loud. [Little used.] 
Shenstone. 

STREP'ER-OUS, a. [L. strep 0.] Loud; boisterous. [L.u.] 

STRESS, 71. [W.trais, treissaw ; Ir. treise.] 1. Force; ur- 
gency ; pressure ; importance ; that which bears with 
most" weight. 2. Force or violence. 3. Force ; violence ; 
strain. 



STRESS, V. t. To press ; to urge ; to distress ; to put to 
difficulties. [Little used.] Spenser. 

STRETCH, V. t. [Sax. streccan ; D. st-^kkcn ; G. strecken ; 
Dan. strekker.] 1. To draw out to greater length ; to ex- 
tend in a line. 2. To extend in breadth. 3. To spread ; 
to expand. 4. To reach; to extend. 5. To spread ; to 
display. 6. To draw or pull out in leng'Ji ; to strain. 7. 
To make tense ; to strain. 8. To extend mentally. 9. 
To exaggerate ; to extend too far. 

STRETCH, V. i. 1. To be extended ; to be drawn out in 
length or in breadth, or both. 2. To be extended; to 
spread. 3. To stretch to, is to reach. 4. To be extended 
or to bear extension without breaking, as elastic sub- 
stances. 5. To sally beyond the tmth ; to exaggerate. — 
6. In navigation, to sail ; to direct a course. 7. To make 
violent efforts in running. 

STRETCH, ?i. 1. Extension in length or in breadth ; reach. 
2. Effort; stiaiggle ; strain. 3. Force of body; straining. 
4. Utmost extent of meaning. 5. Utmost reach of power 
— 6. In sailing, a tack ; the reach or extent of progress on 
one tack. 7. Course ; direction. 

STRETCHED, pp. Drawn out in length ; extended ; exert- 
ed to the utmost. 

STRETCHER, n. 1. He or that which stretches. 2. A 
term in bricklaying. 3. A piece of timber in building. 
4. A narrow piece of plank placed across a boat for the 
rowers to set their feet asainst. 

STRETCH'ING, ppr. Drawing out in length ; extending ; 
spreading ; exerting force. 

* STREW, V. t. [Goth, strawan ; Sax. streawian, streow- 
ian ; G. streuen ; D. strooijen : Dan. strber ; Sw. strb.] 1. 
To scatter ; to spread by scattering ; alwaT/s applied to 
dry s^ibstances separable into parts or pa7-ticles. 2. To 
spread by being scattered over. 3. To scatter loosely. 

* STREWED, pp. 1. Scattered ; spread by scattering. 2. 
Covered or sprinkled witli something scattered. 

* STREW' iNG, ppr. Scattering ; spreading over. 

* STREW'ING, n. 1. The act of scattering or spreading 
ove . 2. Any thing fit to be strewed. Shak. 

* t Si'REW'MENT, n. Any thing scattered in decoration. 
STRl'JE, n. pill. [L.] In natural history, small channels ir, 

the shells of cockles and in other substances. 

STRi'ATE, ( a. 1. Formed with small channels ; chan- 

STRl'A-TED, S neled.— 2. In botany, streaked ; marked 
or scored with superficial or very slender lines ; marked 
with fine parallel lines. 

STRl'A-TURE, n. Disposition of striae. Woodward. 

t STRICK, 71. [Gr. arpi^ : L. strix.] A bird of ill omen. 

STRICK'EN, pp. of strike. 1. Struck ; smitten. Spenser 
2. Advanced ; worn ; far gone ; [obs.] 

STRICKLE, 71. 1. A strike ; an instrument to strike grain 
to a level with the measure. [In the United States, the 
word strike is used.] 2. An instrument for whetting 
sythes. 

STRICT, a. [L. strictus.] 1. Strained : drawn close , 
tight ; as, a strict embrace. 2. Tense ; not relaxed. 3. 
Exact ; accurate ; rigorously nice. 4. Severe ; rigorous ; 
governed or governing by exact rules ; observing exact 
rules. 5. Rigorous ; not mild or indulgent. 6. Confined ; 
limited ; not with latitude. 

STRICT'LY, adv. 1. Closely; tightly. 2. Exactly; with 
nice accuracy. 3. Positively. 4. Rigorously ; severely ; 
without remission or indulgence. 

STRICTNESS, 7!. 1. Closeness; tightness; opposed to 
laxity. 2. Exactness in the observance of rules, laws, 
rites and the like ; rigorous accuracy ; nice regularity or 
precision. 3. Rigor ; severity. 
I STRICT'URE, n. [L. strictura.] 1. A stroke ; a glance ; 
a touch. 2. A touch of criticism ; critical remark ; cen- 
sure. 3. A drawing ; a spasmodic or other morbid con- 
traction of any passage of the body. 

STRIDE, n. [Sax., strcede.) A long step. Swift. 

STRIDE, V. i. ; pret. strid, strode ; pp. strid, stridden. 1. 
To walk with long steps. 2. To straddle. 

STRIDE, 7;. t. To pass over at a step. Arbuthnot. 

STRlD'ING, ppr Walking with long steps ; passing over 
at a step. 

STRi'DOR, n. [L.] A harsh, creaking noise, or a crack. 

STRID'U-LOUS, a. \1,. stridulus.] Making a small, harsli 
sound, or a creaking. Brown. 

STRIFE, n. [Norm, esir if.] 1. Exertion or contention for 
superiority; contest of emulation, either by intellectual or 
physical efforts. 2. Contention in anger or enmity ; con- 
test ; struggle for victory ; quarrel or war. 3. Opposition ; 
contrariety ; contrast. 4. The agitation produced by dif- 
ferent qualities ; [little used.] 

STRlFE'FUL, a. Contentious; discordant. Spenser. 

t STRIG'MENT, n. [L. strigmentum.] Scraping ; that 
which is scraped off. Brown. 

STRI'GOUS, a. ['L.strigosus.] In botany, a strigous leaf is 
one set with stiff, lanceolate bristles. 

STRIKE, V. t. : pret. struci : pp. struck and stricken; but 
struck is in the most common use. Strook is wholly obso- 
lete, [Sax. astrican ; D. stryken ; G. streichen] 1. To 



See Synopsis A . E, T, O, V, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARlNE, BtRD j— t Obsolete. 



STR 



799 



STR 



touch or hit with some force, either with the hand or an 
instrument ; to give a blow to. 2. To dash ; to throw 
with a quick motion. 3. To stamp ; to impress ; to coin. 

4. To thrust in ; to cause to enter or penetrate. 5. To 
punish ; to afflict. 6. To cause to sound ; to notify by 
saund. — 7. In seamanship, to lower ; to let down ; as, to 
strike sail. 8. To impress strongly ; to affect sensibly 
with strong emotion. 9. To make and ratify. 10. To 
produce by a sudden action. 11. To affect in some par- 
ticular manner by a sudden impression or impulse. 12. 
To level a measure of grain, salt or the like, by scraping 
off with a straight instrument what is above the level of 
the top. 13. To lade into a cooler. 14. To be advanced 
or worn with age ; zised in the participle, 15. To run on ; 
to ground, as a ship. — To strike up. 1. To cause to sound ; 
to begin to beat. 2. To begin to sing or play. — To strike 
off. 1. To erase from an account ; to deduct. 2. To im- 
press ; to print. 3. To sep&rate by a blow or any sudden 
action. — To strike out. 1. To produce by collision j to 
force out. 2. To blot out ; to efface ; to erase. 3. To 
form something new by a quick effort ; to devise ; to in- 
vent ; to contrive. 

STRIELE, V. i. 1. To make a quick blow or thrust. 2. To 
hit ; to collide ; to dash against ; to clash. 3. To sound 
by percussion ; to be struck. 4. To make an attack. 5. 
To hit ; to touch ; to act on by appulse. 6. To sound 
with blows. 7. To run upon ; to be stranded. 8. To 
pass with a quick or strong effect ; to dart ; to penetrate. 
9. To lower a flag or colors in token of respect, or to sig- 
nify a surrender of the ship to an enemy. 10. To break 
forth ; [obs.]—To strike in, to enter suddenly 5 also, to 
recede from the surface, as an eruption ; to disappear. — 
To strike in with, to conform to ; to suit itself to ; to join 
with at once. — To strike out, to wander ; to make a sud- 
den excursion. — To strike, among icorkmen in manufacto- 
ries, in England, is to quit work in a body or by com- 
bination, in order to compel their employers to raise their 
wages. 

STRIKE, n. 1. An instrument with a straight edge for 
leveling a measure of grain, salt and the like, for scraping 
off what is above the level of the top. America. 2. A 
bushel ; four pecks ; [local.'] Tusser. 3. A measure of 
four bushels or half a quarter ; [local.] — Strike of fiax, a 
handful that may be hackled at once ; [local.] 

STRlKE'-BLO€K, n. [strike and block.) A plane shorter 
than a jointer, used for shooting a short joint. Moxen. 

STRlK'ER, n. 1. One that strikes, or that which strikes. 
— 9. In Scripture, a quarrelsome man. Tit. i. 

S'J'RiK'ING, ppr. 1. Hitting with a blow ; impressing; im- 
printing ; punishing ; lowering, as sails or a mast, &.c. 
2. a. Affecting with strong emotions ; surprising ; forci- 
ble ; impressive. 3. Strong ; exact ; adapted to make 
impression. 

STRiK'ING-LY, adv. In such a manner as to affect or sur- 
prise ; forcibly ; strongly ; impressively. 

STRlK'ING-NESS, n. The quality of affecting or sur- 
prising. 

STRING, n. [Sax. string; T>., Dan. streng ; G. Strang.] 

1. A small rope, line or cord, or a slender strip of leather 
or other like substance, used for fastening or tying things. 

2, A ribbon. 3. A thread on which any thing is filed ; 
and hence, a line of things. 4. The chord of a musical 
instrument, as of a harpsichord, harp or violin. 5. A 
fibre, as of a plant. 6. A nerve or tendon of an animal 
body. 7. The line or cord of a bow. 8. A series of things 
connected or following in succession ; any concatenation 
of things. — 9. In ship-buildina-, the highest range of planks 
in a ship's ceiling, or that between the gunwale and the 
upper edge of the upper deck ports. Mar. Diet. 10. The 
tougli substance that unites the two parts of the pericarp 
of leguminous plants, — To have two strings to the bow, to 
have two expedients ; to have a double advantage, or to 
have two views. 

STRING, V. t. : pret. and pp. strung. 1. To furnish with 
strings. 2. To put in tune a stringed instrument. 3. To 
file ; to put on a line. 4. To make tense ; to strengthen. 

5. To deprive of strings. 

STRINGED, a. 1. Having strings. 2. Produced by 
strings. 

fSTRIN'GENT, fox astringent, bmiing. Thomson. 

STRING'HALT, n. [string and halt.] A sudden twitching 
of the hinder leg of a horse, or an involuntary or convul- 
sive motion of the muscles that extend or bend the hough. 

STRING'ING, ppr. Furnishing with strings ; putting in 
tune; filing; making tense ; depriving of strings. 

STRING'LESS, a. Having no strings. Shak. 

STRING'Y, a. 1. Consisting of strings or small threads; 
fibrous ; filamentous. 2. Ropy ; viscid ; gluey ; that may 
be drawn into a thread. 

STRIP, V. t. [G. streifen ; D. streepen ; Dan. striber and 
stripper ; Sax. bestrypan.] 1. To pull or tear off, as a cov- 
ering. 2. To deprive of a covering ; to skin; to peel. 3. 
To deprive ; to bereave ; to make destitute. 4. To di- 
vest. 5. To rob ; to plunder. 6. To bereave ; to de- 



prive ; to impoverish. 7. To deprive ; to make bare by 
cutting, grazing or other means. 8, To pull off husks ; to 
husk. America. 9. To press out the last milk at a milk- 
ing. 10. To unrig. 11. To pare off the surface of land 
in strips, and turn over the strips upon the adjoining sur- 
face. 

STRIP, n. [G. streif; B.streep ; Dan. stribe.] 1. A narrow 
piece, comparatively long. 2. [Norm, estnppe.] Waste, 
in a legal sense ; destruction of fences, buildings, timber, 
&c. Massachusetts. 

STRIPE, n. 1. A line or long narrow division of any thing, 
of a different color from the ground. 2. A strip or long 
narrow piece attached to something of a different color. 
3. The weal or long narrow mark discolored by a lash or 
rod. 4. A stroke made with a lash, whip, rod, strap or 
scourge. 5. Affliction ; punishment ; sufferings. 

STRIPE, V. t. 1. To make stripes ; to form with lines of 
different colors; to variegate with stripes. 2. To strike j 
to lash ; [little used.] 

STRIPED, pp. 1. Formed with lines of different colors. 

2. a. Having stripes of different colors. 
STRIP'ING, ppr. Forming with stripes. 
STRIP'LING, 71.. [from strip, stripe.] A youth in tlie state 

of adolescence, or just passing from boyhood to manhood ; 
a lad, 

STRIPPED, pp. Pulled or torn off; peeled; skinned; de- 
prived ; divested ; made naked ; impoverished ; husked. 

STRIP'PER, n. One that strips. 

STRIPPING, ;?pr. Pulling ofl'; peeling; skinning j flay- 
ing ; depriving ; divesting ; husking. 

STRIP'PINGS, n. The last milk drawn from a cow at a 
milking. Grose. JVew Eiigland. 

STRIVE, V. i. ; pret. strove ; pp. striven. [G. streben ; P. 
streeven ; Sw. strafca : Ban. strceber.] 1. To make ef- 
forts ; to use exertions ; to endeavor with earnestness ; to 
labor hard. 2. To contend ; to contest ; to struggle in 
opposition to another ; to be in contention or dispute. 3. 
To oppose by contrariety of qualities. 4. To vie ; to be 
comparable to ; to emulate ; to contend in excellence. 

STRIV'ER, n. One that strives or contends; one who 
makes efforts of body or mind. 

STRIVING, ppr. ]\Iaking efforts ; exerting the powers of 
body or mind with earnestness ; contending. 

STRIVING, 71. The act of making efforts; contest; con- 
tention. 

STRiVING-LY, adv. With earnest efforts ; with struggles. 

STROB'IL, 71. [L. strobilus.] In botany, a pericarp formed 
from an ament by the hardening of the scales. 

STROB'1-LI-FORM, a. [L. strobilus and form.] Shaped 
like a strobil, as a spike. 

STRo'€AL, ) n. An instrument used by glass-makers to 

STRo'KAL, ^ empty the metal from one pot to another. 

t STROKE, or t STROOK, for struck. 

STROKE, n. [from strike.] 1. A blow ; the striking of one 
body against' another. 2. A hostile blow or attack. 3. A 
sudden attack of disease or affliction ; calamity. 4. Fatal 
attack. 5. The sound of the clock. 6. The touch of a 
pencil. 7. A touch ; a masterly effort. 8. An effort sud- 
denly or unexpectedly produced. 9. Power; efficacy. 
10. Series of operations ; as, to carry on a great stroke in 
business; [a common use of the word.] 11. A dash in 
writing or printing ; a line ; a touch of the pen. — 12. In 
seamen^s language, the sweep of an oar. 

STROKE, V. t. [Sax. stracan ; Sw. stryka.] 1. To rub 
gently with the hand by way of expressing kindness or 
tenderness ; to soothe. 2. To rub gently in one direction. 

3. To make smooth. 

STROKED, pp. Rubbed gently with the hand. 

STRoK'BR, n. One who strokes ; one who pretends to cure 
byjtroking. 

STRoKES'MAN, n. In rowing, the man who rows the aft- 
most oar, and whose stroke is to be followed by the rest. 

STRoK'ING, ppr. Rubbing gently with the hand. 

STRoLL, V. i. [formed, probably, on troll, roll.] To rove ; to 
wander on foot ; to ramble idly or leisurely. 

STRoLL, 71. A wandering on foot ; a walking idly and 
leisjirely 

STRoLL'ER, n. One who strolls ; a vagabond ; a vagrant. 
Swift. 

STROLLING, ^pr. Roving idly ; rambling on foot. 

STROM'BITE, 71. A petrified shell. 

STROND, 7(. The beach. [Little used.] SeeSxRA.vo. 

STRONG, a. [Sax. strong, Strang, or streng ; from the lat- 
ter is formed strength ; G. strenge : D., Dan. streng ; Sw. 
Strang.] 1. Having physical, active power, or great phys- 
ical power ; having the power of exerting gi^eat bodily 
force ; vigorous. 2. Having physical, passive power ; 
having ability to bear or endure ; firm ; solid. 3. Well 
fortified ; able to sustain attacks ; not easily subdued or 
taken. 4. Having great military or naval force ; power- 
ful. .5. Having great wealth, means or resources. 6. 
Moving with rapidity ; violent ; forcible ; impetuous. 
7. Hale ; sound ; robust. 8. Powerful ; forcible ; cogent , 
adapted to make a deep or effectual impression on the 



■■ See Synopsis MOVE, BQOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G js J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, r Obsolete, 



STR 



800 



STU 



mind or imagination. 9. Ardent j eager ; zealous ; earn- 
estly engaged. 10. Having virtues of great efficacy; or 
having a particular quality in a great degree. 11. Full of 
spirit ; intoxicating. 12. Affecting the sight forcibly. 13. 
Affecting the taste forcibly. 14- Affecting the smell pow- 
erfully. 15. Not of easy digestion ; solid. 16. Well es- 
tablished ; firm; not easily overthrown or altered. 17. 
Violent ; vehement ; earnest. 18. Able ; furnished with 
abilities. 19. Having great force of mind, of intellect or 
of any faculty. 20. Having great force ; comprising much 
in few words. 21. Bright ; glaring ; vivid. 22. Power- 
ful to the extent of force named. 

STRON'GER, a. comp. of strons. Having more strength. 

STRON'GEST, a. superl. of str oner. Having most strength. 

STRONG'-FIST-ED, a. [strong and fist.] Having a strong 
hand ; muscular. Arhuthnot. ^ 

STRONG'-HAND, n. Istrong and hand.] Violence ; force ; 
power. Raleigh. 

STRONG'-HoLD, n. [strong and hold.] A fastness ; a fort ; 
a fortified place; a place of security. 

STRONG'LY, adv. 1. With strength ; with great force or 
power ; forcibly. 2. Firmly ; in a manner to resist at- 
tack. 3. Vehemently ; forcibly ; eagerly. 

STRONG'-SET, a. Firmly set or compacted. 

t STRONG -WA-TER, n. Distilled or ardent spirit. 

STRON'TIAN,"?i. [from Strontian, in'Argyleshire.J An 
earth which, when pure and dry, is perfectly white, and 
resembles barytes. 

STRONTIAN, or STRON-TIT'I€, a. Pertaining to stron 
tian. 

STRON'TIAN-ITE, n. Carbonate of strontian, a mineral. 

STRON'TIUM, ?i. The base of strontian. Davy 

^STROOK, for struck. 

STROP, n. 1. A strap. This orthography is particularly 
used for a strip of leather used for sharpening razors and 
giving them a fine, smooth edge; a razor-sirop. 2. [Sp. 
estrovo.] A piece of rope spliced into a circular wreath, 
and put round a block for hanging it. 

STRO'PHE, ) n. [Fr. strophe ; It. strofa, strofe.] In Greek 

STRo'PHY, ) poetry, a stanza ; the first member of a 
poem. 

tSTROUT,!;. t. [for strut.] To swell ; to puff out. Bacon. 

STROVE, pret. of strive. 

STRoW is only a different orthography of strew. See 
Strew. 

+ STROWL, for stroll. See Stroll. 

T STROY, for destroy. See Destroy. 

STRUCK^ pret. and pp. of strike. See Strike. 

t STRUGK'EN, the old pp. of strike. 

STRU€T'URE, n. [Fr. ; L. structura.] 1. Act of building ; 
practiceof erecting buildings ; [rarely used.] 2. Manner 
of building ; form ; make ; construction. 3. Manner of 
organization of animals and vegetables, &c. 4. A build- 
ing of any kind, but chiefly a building of some size or of 
magnificence ; an edifice. — 5. In mineralogy, the particu- 
lar arrangement of the integrant particles or molecules of 
a mineral. 

STRUDE, or STRODE, n. A stock of breeding mares. 
Bailey. 

STRUG'GLE, v. i. [This word may be formed on the root 
of stretch, right, &c. In W. ystreiglaw is to turn.] 1. 
Properly, to strive, or to make efforts with a twisting or 
with contortions of the body. 2. To use great efforts ; to 
labor hard ; to strive ; to contend. 3. To labor in pain or 
anguish ; to be in agony ; to labor in any kind of difficulty 
or distress. 

STRUG'GLE, n. 1. Great labor ; forcible effort to obtain an 
object, or to avoid an evil ; properly, a violent effort with 
contortions of the body. 2. Contest ; contention ; strife. 
3. Agony; contortions of extreme distress. 

STRUG'GLER, n. One who struggles, strives or contends. 

STRUG'GLING, ppr. Making great efforts ; using violent 
exertions ; affected with contortions. 

STRUG'GLING, n. The act of striving ; vehement or earn- 
est_effort. 

STRU'MA, n. [L.] A glandular swelling ; scrofula ; the 
king's evil ; a wen. Wiseman. Coxe. 

STRu'MOUS, a. Having swellings in the glands ; scrofu- 
lous. Wiseman. 

STRUMTET, n. [Ir. stribrid, striopach.] A prostitute. 

STRUM'PET, a. Like a strumpet ; false ; inconstant. 

STRUMTET, v. t. To debauch. Shak. 

STRUNG, pret. of string. 

STRUT, V. i. [G. strotien ; Dan. strutter.] 1. To walk 
with a lofty, proud gait and erect head ; to walk with af- 
fected dignity. 2. To swell ; to protuberate ; [obs.] 

t STRUT, V. t. To swell out ; to make tumid. 

STRUT, n. A lofty, proud step or walk, with the head 
erect ; affectation of dignity in walking. 

BTRU'THI-OUS, a. [L. struthio.] Pertaining to or like the 
ostrich. 

STRUT'TER, n. One who struts. Swift. 

STRUT'TING, ppr. Walking with a lofty gait. 

dTRUT'TING, n. The act of walking with a proud gait. 



STRUT'TING-LY, adv. With a proud, lofty step. 

STRYCII'NI-A, 71. An alkaline substance. 

STUB, n. [Sax. steb ; Dan. stub ; Sw. stubbe.] 1. The 
stump of a tree ; that part of the stem of a tree which re- 
mains fixed in the earth when the tree is cut down. 2 
A log ; a block ; [obs.] 

STUB, V. t. 1. To grub up by the roots ; to extirpate. 2 
To strike the toes against a stump, stone or other fixed 
object. J^Tew England. 

STUB'BED, a. [Sw. stubbig.] 1. Short and thick, like 
something truncated ; blunt ; obtuse. 2. Hardy ; not 
nice or delicate. Berkeley. 

STUB'BED-NESS, 71. Bluntness; obtuseness. 

STUB'BLE, n. [D., G. stoppel ; Sw. stubb ; 1.. stipula.] 
The stumps of wheat, rye, barley, oats or buckwheat, left 
in the ground ; the part of the stalk left by the sythe or 

STUB'BLE-GOOSE, n. A goose fed among stubble. 

STUB'BLE-RaKE, n. A rake with long teeth for raking 
together stubble. 

STUB'BORN, a. [from stub.] 1. Unreasonably obstinate ; 
inflexibly fixed in opinion ; not to be moved or persuaded 
by reasons ; inflexible. 2. Persevering ; persisting ; 
steady; constant. 3. Stiff; not flexible. 4. Hardy; 
firm ; enduring without complaint. 5. Harsh ; rough ; 
rugged ; [I. u.] 6. Refractory ; not easily melted or 
worked. 7. Refractory ; obstinately resisting command, 
the goad or the whip. 

STUB'BORNLY, adv. Obstinately; inflexibly. 

STUB B0RN-J\ ESS, n. 1. Perverse and unreasonable ob- 
stinacy ; inflexibility ; contumacy. 2. Stiffness ; want 
of pliancy. 3. Refractoriness, as of ores. 

STUB'BY, a. [from stub.] 1. Abounding with stubs. 2. 
Short and thick ; short and strong. Qrew. 

STUB'-NaIL, n. A nail broken off; a short, thick nail. 

STUCCO, n. [It. ; Fr. stuc ; Sp. estuco.] 1. A fine plaster 
composed of lime, sand, whiting and pounded marble ; 
used for covering walls, &c. 2. Work made of stucco. 

STUCCO, V. t. To plaster ; to overlay with fine plaster. 

STUCCOED, pp. Overlaid with stucco. 

STUCCO-ING, ppr. Plastering with stucco. 

STUCK, pret. and pp. of stick. Pope. 

t STUCK, 71. A thrust. Shak. 

STUCKLE, 11 [from stook.] A number of sheaves set to- 
gether in the field. [Scottish.] ^ 

STUD, 71, [Sax. stod, studu ; Ice. stod ; D. stut ,• Sw. stod.] 
1. In building, a small piece of timber or joist inserted in 
the sills and beams, between the posts, to support the 
beams or other main timbers. 2. A nail with a large 
head, inserted in work chiefly for ornament ; an orna- 
mental knob. 3. A collection of breeding horses and 
mares ; or the place where they are kept. 4. A button 
for a shirt sleeve. 

STUD, V. t. 1. To adorn with shining studs or knobs. 2. 
To set with detached ornaments or prominent objects. 

STUD'DED, pp. 1. Adorned with studs. 2. Set with de- 
tached ornaments. 

STUD'DING, ppr. Setting or adorning with studs. 

STUD'DING-SAIL, 7?.. In navigation, a sail that is set be- 
yond the skirts of the principal sails. Mar. Diet. 

STu'DENT, 71. [L. studens, studeo.] 1. A person engaged 
in study ; one who is devoted to learning, either in a 
seminary or in private ; a scholar. 2. A man devoted to 
books ; a bookish mail. 3. One who studies or examines. 

STUD'-HORSE, ii. [Sax. stod -hors j Low L. stotarius.] A 
breeding horse ; a horse kept for propagating his kind. 

STUD'IED, pp. [from study.] 1. Read ; closely examined ; 
read with diligence and attention ; well considered. 2. 
a. Learned ; well versed in any branch of learning; qual- 
fied by study. 3. Premeditated. 4. Having a particular 



inclination ; [obs.] 
t STUD'IED-LY, 

Mede. 



adv. With care and attention. Life of 



STUp'I-ER, n. [from study.] One who studies ; a student. 

*STu'DI-OUS, a. [Fr. studieux ; Tu. studiosus.] 1. Given 
to books or to learning ; devoted to the acquisition of 
knowledge from books. 2. Contemplative ; given to 
thought, or to the examination of subjects by contempla- 
tion. 3. Diligent ; eager to discover something, or to ef- 
fect some object. 4. Attentive to ; careful ; with of. 5. 
Planned with study ; deliberate. 6. Favorable to study ; 
suitable for thought and contemplation. 

* STu'DI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With study ; with close atten- 
tion to books. 2. With diligent contemplation. 3. Dili- 
gently ; with zeal and earnestness. 4. Carefully ; atten- 
tively. 

* STO DI-OUS-NESS, n. The habit or practice of study ; 
addictedness to books. 

STUD'Y, 71. [Fr. etude ; L. studium.] 1. Literally, a setting 
of the mind or thoughts upon a subject ; hence, application 
of mind to books, to arts or science, or to any subject, for 
the purpose of learning what is not before known. 2 
Attention ; meditation ; contrivance. 3. Any particulaj 
branch of learning that is studied. 4. Subject of atten. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, T O, tj, Y, long.— FaR, FALL, WHAT —PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete 



STU 



801 



STY 



tlon. 5- A building or an apartment devoted to study or 
to literary employment. C. Deep cogitation ; perplexity ; 
[little used.] 7. A sketch by an artist. 

STUD'Y, I', i. [L. stiideo.] 1. To tix the mind closely upon 
a subject ; to muse ; to dwell upon in thought, 2. To 
apply the mind to books. 3. To endeavor diligently. 

STUD'Y, V. t. 1. To apply the mind to ; to read and exam- 
ine for the purpose of learning and understanding. 2. To 
consider attentively ; to examine closely. 3. To form or 
arrange by previous thought 3 to con overj or to commit 
to memory. 

STUFF, n. [D. stof,stofe ,■ G. stoff; Dan. sfdv ; Svv. stoft.] 
1 A mass of matter, indefinitely 5 or a collection of sub- 
stances. 2. The matter of which any thing is formed ; 
materials. 3. Furniture ; goods ; domestic vessels in 
general ; [nearhj obs.] 4. That which fills any thing. 5. 
Essence ; elemental part. 6. A medicine ; [vulgar.] 
Shak. 7. Cloth ; fabrics of the loom ; as, woolen stuffs. 
8. Matter or thing ; particularly, that which is trifling or 
vyorthless. — 9. Among seamen, a melted mass of turpen- 
tine, tallow, &LC. with which the masts, sides and bottom 
of a ship are smeared. 

STUFF, V. t. 1. To fill. 2. To fill very full ; to crowd. 3. 
To thrust in ; to crowd ; to press. 4. To fill by being put 
Into any thing. 5. To swell or cause to bulge out by put- 
ting something in. 6. To fill with something improper. 
7. To obstruct, as any of the organs. 8. To fill meat 
with seasoning. 9. To fill the skin of a dead animal for 
presenting and preserving his form. 10. To form by 
filling. 

►STUFF, V. i. To feed gluttonously. Swift. 

STUFFED, pj?. Filled; crowded; crammed. 

STUFFING, ppr. Filling ; crowding. 

STUFF'ING, 71. 1. That which is used for filling anything. 
2. Seasoning for meat ; that which is put into meat to 
give it a hiaher relish. 

t STUKE, for stiicco. 

STULM, 71. A shaft to draw water out of a mine. Bailey. 

STULP, n. A post. [Local] 

STUL'TI-Fy, v. t. [L. stultus and facio.l 1. To make 
foolish ; to make one a fool.— 2. In laic, to alledge or 
prove to be insane, for avoiding some act. 

STUL-TIL 0-aUENCE, n. [L. stultus and loquentia.] Fool- 
ish talk ; a babbling. Diet. 

STUL-TIL'0-aUY, 71. [L. stultiloquium.] Foolish talk ; 
silly discourse ; babbling. Taylor. " 

STUM, )i. [D. stom, stum ; G. stumm ; Dan., Sw. stum.] 1. 
Must ; wine unfermented. 2. New wine used to raise 
fermentation in dead or vapid wines. 3. Wine revived 
by a new fermentation. 

STUM, V. t. 1. To renew wine by mixing must with It, 
and raising a new fermentation. 2. To fume a cask of 
liquor with burning brimstone ; [local.] 

STUM'BLE, V. i. [Ice. stumra.] 1. To trip in walking or 
moving in any way upon the legs ; to strike the foot so as 
to fall, or to endanger a fall. 2. To err ; to slide into a 
crime or an error. 3. To strike upon without design ; to 
fall on ; to light on by chance. 

STUM'BLE, v.t. 1. To obstruct in progress ; to cause to 
trip or stop. 2. To confound ; to puzzle ; to put to a non- 
plus ; to perplex. 

STUM'BLE, n. 1. A trip in walking or running. 2. A 
blunder ; a failure. 

STUMBLED, pp. Obstructed ; puzzled. 

STUM'BLER, n. One that stumbles or makes a blunder. 

STUM'BLING, ppr. Tripping ; erring ; puzzling. 

STUM'BLING-BLO€K, ^ 7i. Any cause of stumbling ; that 

STUM'BLING-STONE, ( which causes to err. 

STUM'BLING-LY, adv. With failure ; with blunder. Sid7iey. 

STUMP, 71. [Sw., Dan. stump ; Dan. stumper ,• D. stomp ; 
G. stumpf.] 1. The stub of a tree ; the part of a tree re- 
maining in the earth after the tree is cut down, or the 
part of any plant left In the earth by the sythe or sickle. 

2. The part of a limb or other body remaining after a part 
is amputated or destroyed. Sicift. 

STUMP, V. t. 1. To strike any thing fixed and hard with 

the toe ; [mdgar.] 2. To challenge ; [vulgar.] 
STUMP'Y, a. i. Full of stumps. 2. Hard ; strong; [I. u.] 

3. Short ; stubby ; [little used.] 

STUN, v.t. [Sax. stunian; Fr. etonner.] 1. To make 
senseless or dizzy with a blow on the head. 2. To over- 
power the sense of hearing ; to blunt or stupify the organs 
of hearing. 3. To confound or make dizzy by loud and 
mingled sound. 

STUNG, ^7-et. and pp. of stijig. 

STUNK, pret. of sti7ik. 

STUNNED, pp. Having the sense of hearing overpowered ; 
confounded with noise. 

STUN'NING, ppr. Overpowering the organs of hearing ; 
confounding with noise. 

STUNT, V. t. [Ice. stunta; Sax, stintan, stunt.] To hinder 
from growth. Swift. 

STUNT'ED, pp. Hindered from growth or increase. 

STUNT'ED-NESS, 71. The state of being stunted 



STUNT'ING, ppr. Hindering from growth or increase 

STUPE, n. [L. stupa.] Cloth or flax dipped in wami medi- 
caments and applied to a hurt or sore ; fomentation ; 
sweating-bath. 

STUPE, V. t. To foment. Wiseman. 

t STUPE, 71. A stupid person. 

STU-PE-FA€'TION, 71. [L,. stupefacic] 1. The act of ren- 
dering stupid. 2. A stupid or senseless state ; insensibil- 
ity ; dullness ; torpor ; stupidity. 

STU-PE-FA€'TIVE, a. Causing insensibility ; deadening 
or blunting the sense of feeling or understanding ; uar 
cotic. 

STU'PE-Fl-ER, n. [from stupefy.] That which causes dull- 
ness or stupidity. 

STu'PE-FY,7;.t. [Fi. stupefier ; L. stupefacio.] 1. To make 
stupid ; to make dull ; to blunt the faculty of perception 
or understanding ; to deprive of sensibility. 2, To de- 
prive of material motion ; [obs.] Bacon. 

STu'PE-FY-ING, ppr. Rendering extremely dull or in- 
sensible. 

STU-PEN'DOUS, a. [Low L. stupendus.] Literally, strik 
ing dumb by its magnitude ; hence, astonishing ; wonder 
ful ; amazing ; particularly, of astonishing magnitude or 
elevation. Dry den, 

STU-PEN'DOUS-LY, adv. In a manner to excite astonish- 
ment. 

STU-PEN'DOUS-NESS, n. The quality or state of beiug 
stupendous or astonishing. 

STu'PID, a. [Fr. stupide; h. stupidus.] 1. Very dull ; in- 
sensible ; senseless ; wanting in understanding ; heavy ; 
sluggish. 2. Dull ; heavy ; formed without skill or genius. 

STU-PID'I-TY, 71. [Fr. stupidite ; L. stupiditas.] Extreme 
dullness of perception or understanding ; insensibility , 
sluggishness. Drijden. 

STu'PID-LY, adv. With extreme dullness ; with suspen- 
sion or inactivity of understanding ; sottishly ; absurdly ; 
without the exercise of reason or judgment. Dryden. 

STu'PID-NESS, n. Stupidity. 

STu'POE, 71. [L.] 1. Great diminution or suspension of 
sensibility ; suppression of sense ; numbness. 2. Intel- 
lectual insensibility ; moral stupidity ; heedlessness or in- 
attention to one's interests. 

STtJ'PRATE, V. t. [L. stupro.] To ravish ; to debauch. 

STU-PRa'TION, n. Rape ; violation of chastity by force 

STUR'DI-LY, adv. Hardily ; stoutly ; lustily. 

SXUR'DI-NESS, n. 1. Stoutness ; hardiness. Locke. 2 
Brutal strength. 

STUR'DY, a. [G. storrig.] 1. Hardy ; stout ; foolishly ob- 
stinate ; implying coarseness or rudeness. 2. Strong , 
forcible; lusty. 3. Violent; laid on with strength. 4. 
StiflT; stout; Strong. 

STUR'DY, 71. A disease in sheep, marked by dullness and 
stupor. Cyc. 

STUR'GEON, 71. [Fr. esturgeon ; Sp. esturion ; It. storione , 
Low L. sturio.] A large fish. 

STURK, 7i. [Sax. stT/rc] A young ox or heifer. [Scot.l 

STUT'TER, v.i. [D. stotteren ; G. stottem ; that is, to 
stop. Stut is not used.] To stammer ; to hesitate in utter 
ing words. Bacon. 

STUT'TER-ER, n. A stammerer. 

STUT'TER-ING,ppr. Stammering; speaking with hesita 
tion. 

STUT'TER-ING-LY, adv. With stammering. 

STY, 71. [Sax. stige.] 1. A pen or inclosure for swine. 2 
A place of bestial debauchery. 3. An inflamed tumor on 
tlie edge of the eyelid. 

STy^tj. t. To shut up in a sty. Shak. 

t STY, V. i. [Sax. stigan; Goth, steigan.] To soar; to as- 
cend. See Stirrup. 

STYCA, 71. A Saxon copper coin of the lowest value. 

STY6'I-AN,a. ['L.St7jgius,Styx.] Pertaining to Styx, fabled 
by the ancients to be a river of hell ; hence, hellish ; infer- 
nal. 

STYLE, 71. [L. stylus ; D., G. styl ; It. stUe ; Sp. estilo ; Ft. 
style, or stile.] 1. Manner of writing with regard to lan- 
guage, or the choice and arrangement of words. 2. Man- 
ner of speaking appropriate to particular characters ; or, in 
general, the character of the language used. 3. Mode of 
painting ; any manner of painting which is characteristic 
orpecuhar. 4. A particular character of music. 5. Title; 
appellation. 6. Course of writing ; [obs.]— 7. St7jle of 
court is, properly, the practice observed by any court in its 
way of proceeding. — 8. In popular use, manner ; form. 9 
A pointed instrument formerly used in writing on tables 
of wax ; an instrument of surgery. 10. Something witli 
a sharp point ; a graver; the pin of a dial ; written, also, 
stile.— 11. In botany, the middle portion of the pistil, con- 
necting the stigma with tlie germ ; sometimes called the 
shaft.— IQ. In chronology, a mode of reckoning time, with 
regard to the Julian and Gregorian calendar. Style is Old 
or JVew. 

STYLE, V. t. To call ; to name ; to denommate ; to give a 
title to in addressing. 

STYLED, pp. Named ; denominated ; called. 



See Synopsis 



MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE. 
' 'ol 



-€ as K ; 6 as J ; i5 as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, i Obsolete 



SUB 



802 



SUB 



STY'LET, «. [from style.] A small poniard or dagger. 
BTY'LI-FORM, a. Like a style, pin or pen. 
ST^li^ING, ppr. Calling j denominating. 
STYL'ISH, a. Showy ; modish ; fashionable. [jI colloquial 

word.] 
ST"?'LITE, n. [Gr. (ttvXos.] In ecclesiastical history, the 
Stylites were a seel of solitaries, who stood motionless on 
columns or pillars. 

STY-LO-Ba'TION, n. The pedestal of a column. 

ST^^'LOID, a. [L. stylus, and Gr. eiSos.] Having some re- 
semblance to a style or pen. Encyc. 

STYP'TI€, or STYP'TI-€AL, a. [Fr. styptique ; L. stypti- 
cus.] That stops bleeding : having the quality of restrain- 
ing hemorrhage. 

STYP'TI€, n. A medicine which has the quality of stopping 
hemorrhage or discharges of blood. 

STYP-TIC'I-TY, n. The quality of stanching blood. 

STYTH'Y, V. t. To forge on an anvil. See Stithy. 

SUAE. See Swab. 

SU-A-BIL'I-TY, M. Liability to be sued ; the state of being 
subject by law to civil process. [JSTot much used.] 

Su'A-BLE, a. [from sue.] That may be sued ; subject by 

law to be called to answer in court, 
f SHADE, foi persuade. 

t SUAGE, for assuage. 

Su'ANT, a. [Fr. suivant.] Even ; uniform ; spread equally 
over the surface. [JVew England, but local.] 

SUa'SI-BLE, a. [L. suadeoT] That may be persuaded or 
easily persuaded. 

SUa'SION, (sua'zhun) n. The act of persuading. 

SUa'SIVE, a. [L. suadeo.] Having power to persuade. 

SUa'SO-E.Y, a. [L. suasorius.] Tending to persuade ; hav- 
ing the quality of convincing and drawing by argument 
or reason. Hopkins. 

SUAV'I-TY, n. [L. suavitas ; Fr. suavite ; It. soavitd ; Sp. 
suavidad.] 1. Sweetness, in a literal sense ; [obs.] Brown. 
2. Sweetness, in a figurative sense : that which is to the 
mind what sweetness is to tlie tongue ; agreeableness ; 
softness , pleasantness. 

SUB, a Latm preposition, denoting wrefZer or beloic, used in 
English as a prefix, to express a subordinate degree. 
Before /and p, it is changed into those letters, as in sjiffer 
and suppose; and before m, into that letter, as in sum- 
mon. 

SUB-AC'ID, a. [sub and acid.] Moderately acid or sour. 

SUB-ACID, n. A substance moderately acid. 

SUB-A€'RID, a. Moderately sharp, pungent or acrid. 

tSUB-A€T', V. t. [L. subactus.] To reduce ; to subdue. 

SUB-A€'TION, 71. The act of reducing to any state, as of 
mixing two bodies completely, or of beating them to a 
powder. Bacon. 

SUB-AG-I-Ta'TION, n. [L.subagitatio.] Carnal knowledge. 

Su'BAH, n. In India, a province or viceroy-ship. 

SU'BAH-DAR, n. In India, a viceroy, or the governor of a 
province ; also, a native of India, who ranks as captain in 
^he European companies. 

Su'BAH-SHIP, n. The jurisdiction of a subahdar. 

* SUB-AL'TERN, a. [Fr. subalterne.] Inferior; subordi- 
nate ; that in different respects is botli superior and infe- 
rior, 

SUB-AL'TERN, n. A subordinate officer in an army. 

SUB-AL-TERN'ATE, a. Successive ; succeeding by turns. 
Hooker. 

SUB-AL-TERN-A'TION, n. 1. State of inferiority or sub- 
jection. 2. Act of succeeding by course. 

SUB-A-aUAT'IC, ) u,. [L. sub and aqua.] Being under 

SUB-A'aUE-OUS, \ water, Darwin. 

tSUB-AR-RA'TI0N,7i. [Low Lat. sji&arrare.] The ancient 
custom of betrothing. Wheatly. 

SUB-AS'TRAL, a. [sub and astral.] Beneath the stars or 
heavens ; terrestrial. Warburton. 

SUB-AS-TRIN'GENT, a. Astringent in a small degree. 

SUB-AX'IL-LAR-Y, a. [L. sub and axilla.] Placed under 
the axil or angle formed by the branch of a plant with the 
stem,_or by a leaf with the branch. 

SUB-BeA'DLE, n. An inferior or under-beadle. 

SUB-BRIG-A-DIeR', n. An officer in the horse-guards, who 
ranks as cornet. Encyc. 

SUB-CAR'BU-RET-ED, a. Carbureted in an inferior de- 
gree ; or consisting of one prime of carbon and two of 
hydrogen. 

SUB-CE-LES'TIAL, a. Being beneath the heavens. 

SUB-CEN'TRAL, a. Being under the centre. Say. 

STIB-CHaNT'ER, n. An under chanter. 

SUB-€La'VI-AN, a. [L. sub and clavis.] Situated under 
the clavicle or collar-bone. 

SUB-€0M-MIT'TEE, n. An under-committee, 

SUB-€0N-STEL-La'T10N, n. A subordinate constellation. 



SUB-€0N-TRA€T'ED, a. [sub and contracted.] Contracted 

after a former contract. Shak. 
SUB-CON'TRA-RY, a. Contrary in an inferior degree. 
SUB-€ORD'ATE, a. [L. sub and cor, the heart.] In shape 

somewhat like a heart. Martyn. 



SUB-€OS'TAL, a. [L, sub and costa.] The subcostal moa 
cles are the internal intercostal muscles. Cyc 

SUB-€U-Ta'NE-OUS, a. Situated under the skin. 

SUB-€U-TI€'U-LAR, a. [I... sub s.nA cuticula.] Being un- 
der the cuticle or scarf-skin. Darwin. 

SUB-DeA'€ON, n. An under-deacon. 

SUB-DeA'€ON-RY, ) n. The order and office of subdea- 

SUB-DEA'€ON-SHIP, \ con in the Catholic church. 

SUB-DeAN', 71, [sub and dean ] An under-dean; a dean's 
substitute or vicegerent. Ayliffe. 

SUB-DeAN'ER-Y, n. The office and rank of subdean. 

SUB-DE€'U-PLE, a. Containing one part often. 

SUB-DENT'ED, a. Indented beneath. Encyc. 

SUB-DE-POS'IT, 71. That which is deposited beneath some 
thing else. Schoolcraft. 

tSUB-DE-RI-So'RI-OUS, a. [L. sub and derisor.] Ridicul- 
ing with moderation or delicacy. More. 

SUB-DI-Ti"TIOUS, a. [L. subdititius.] Put secretly in the 
place of something else, [Little used.] 

SUB-DI-VERS'I-FY, v. t. [sub and diversify.] To diversi- 
fy again what is already diversified. [Little used.] Hale. 

SUB-DI-VlDE', V. t. To divide a part of a thing into more 
parts ; to part into smaller divisions. 

SUB-DI-VlDE', V. i. To be subdivided. 

SUB-DI-VlD'ED, pp. Divided again or into smaller parts. 

SUB-DI-VlD'ING, ppr. Dividing into smaller parts. 

SUB-DI-Vi"SION, n. I, The act of subdividing or separat- 
ing a part into smaller parts, 2. The part of a thing made 
by subdividing ; the part of a larger part. 

SUB'DO-LOUS, a. [L. subdolus.] Sly ; crafty ; cunning ; 
artful ; deceitful. [Little used.] 

SUB-DOM'I-NANT, n. In music, the fourth note above the 
tonic, being under the dominant, 

SUB-Du'A-BLE, a. That may be subdued. Ward. 

SUB-Dp'AL, n. [from subdue.] The act of subduing. 

SUB-DuCE', )v.t. [1,. subduco.] I, To withdraw ; to take 

SUB-DUCT', I away. 2. To subtract by arithmetical oper- 
ation. Hale. 

SUB-DU€'TION, 7^. 1. The act of taking away or with- 
drawiiig. Hale. 2, Arithmetical subtraction. Hale. 

SUB-DuE', (sub-du') v. t. 1, To conquer by force or the 
exertion of superior power, and bring into permanent sub- 
jection ; to reduce under dominion. Subduing implies 
corigyest or vanquishing, but it implies also more perma- 
nence of subjection to the conquering power than either 
of these words, 2, To oppress ; to crush ; tc sink ; to 
overpower so as to disable from further resistance, 3. To 
tame ; to break by conquering a refractory temper or evil 
passions ; to render submissive. 4. To conquer ; to reduce 
to mildness. 5. To overcome by persuasion or other mild 
means. 6. To overcome ; to conquer ; to captivate, as 
by charms. 7. To soften ; to melt ; to reduce to tender- 
ness, 8. To overcome ; to overpower and destroy the 
force of, 9, To make meUow ; to break, as land. 

SUB-Du'ED, (sub-dude') pp. Conquered and reduced to sub- 
jection ; oppressed ; crushed ; tamed ; softened. 

t SUB-DtJE'MENT, 71. Conquest. Shak. 

SUB-Du'ER, 71, 1. One who conquers and brings into sub- 
jection ; a tamer. 2. That which subdues or destroys 
the force of. 

SUB-Du'ING, ppr. Vanquishing and reducing to subjec- 
tion ; crushing ; softening. 

SUB'DU-PLE, a. [L. sub and duplus.] Containing one part 
of two. Wilkins. 

SUB-DuPLI-CATE, a. [sub and duplicate.] Having the 
ratio of the square roots. Cyc. 

SUB-E'CLUAL, a. Nearly equal. Martyn. 

SU'BER-ATE, n. [L. suber.] A salt formed by the suberic 
acid in combination with a base. Chemistry. 

Su'BER-ie, a. Pertaining to cork, or extracted from it. 

SUB'ER-OSE, a. [L. sub and erosus.] In botany, having the 
appearance of being gnawed, 

SU'BER-OUS, a. Corky ; soft and elastic. 

SUB-FUSC, a. [L. subfuscus.] Duskish ; moderately dark , 
brownish ; tawny. Tatler. 

SUB-GLOB' U-LAR, a. Having a form approaching to glob- 
ular. Say. 

SUB-HAS-Ta'TION, n. [L, sub hasta.] A public sale or 
auction, so called from the Roman practice. Burnet. 

SUB-HY-DRO-SULPH'U-RET, n. A compound of sulphu 
reted hydrogen with a base, in a less proportion than in 
hydrosulphuret. 

SUB-IN-DI-Ca'TION, n. [L. sub and indico.] The act of 
indicating by signs. Barrow. 

fSUB-IN-DuCE', v.t. To insinuate; to offer indirectly 

Sir E. Dering. 
SUB-IN-FEU-Da'TION, n. [sub and infeudation.] 1, In law, 
the act of enfeoffing by a tenant or feoffee, who holds lands 
of the crown ; the act of a greater baron, who grants land 
or a smaller manor to an inferior person. 2. Under-teti- 
ancy. 
t SUB-IN-GRES'SION, n. [L. sub and ingressus.] Secre 

entrance, 
SUB-I-Ta'NE-OUS, a. [L. suUtaneus.] Sudden ; hasty. 



* Set Synopsis. K, E I, O, T}, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BtRD ;— f Obsolete. 



SUB 



803 



SUB 



^ SUB'I-TA-NY, a Sudden. 

SUB-Ja'CENT, a. [L. subjacens.] 1. Lying under or below. 
2. Being in a lower situation, though not directly be- 
neath. 

SUBJEGT, a. [L. suijectus.] 1. Placed or situate under. 
2. Being under the power and dominion of another. 3. 
Exposed ; liable from extraneous causes. 4. Liable from 
inherent causes; prone j disposed. 5. Being that on 
which any thing operates, whether intellectual or mate- 
rial. 6. Obedient. Tit. iii. 

SUB'JE€T, n. [L. subjectus ; Fr. sujet ; It. suggetto.] 1. 
One that awes allegiance to a sovereign and is governed 
by his laws. 2. That on which any mental operation is 
performed ; that which is treated or handled. 3. That on 
which any physical operation is performed. 4. That in 
which any thing inheres or exists. 5. The person who is 
treated of; the hero of a piece. — 6. In grammar, the nom- 
inative case to a verb passive. 

6UB-JE€T', V. t. 1. To bring under the power or dominion 
of. 2. To put under or within the power of. 3. To en- 
slave; to make obnoxious. 4. To expose; to make liable. 
5 To submit; to make accountable. 6. To make sub- 
servient. 7. To cause to undergo 

SUB-JE€T'ED,i>i?. Reduced to the dominion of another; 
enslaved ; exposed ; submitted ; made to undergo. 

SUB-JE€T'ING. ppr. Reducing to submission; enslaving; 
exposing ; submitting ; causing to undergo. 

SUB-JE€'TION, 71. 1. The act of subduing; the act of van- 
quishing and bringing under the dominion of another. 2. 
The state of being under the power, control and govern- 
ment of another. 

SUB-J£€T'IVE, a. Relating to the subject, as opposed to 
the object. Watts. 

SUB-JECT'IVE-LY, adv. In relation to the subject. 

SUB-JOIN', V, t. [sab and join ; L. subjungo.] To add at 
the end; to add after something else has been said or 
written. 

SUB-JOIN'EP, (sub-joind') pp. Added after something else 
said or written. 

SUB-JOIN'ING, ppr. Adding after something else said or 
written. 

SUB'JU-GATE, V. t. [Fr. subjuguer ; L. subjugo.] To sub- 
due and bring under the yoke of power or dominion ; to 
conquer by force, and compel to submit to the government 
or absolute control of another. 

SUB JU-GA-TED, ;?jj. Reduced to the control of another. 

SUB'JU-GA-TING, ppr. Conquering and bringing under the 
absolute power of another. 

SUB-JU-Ga'TION, 71. The act of subduing and bringing 
under the power or absolute control of another. 

SUB-JUN€ TION, n. ^he act of subjoining, or state of be- 
ing subjoined. Clarke. 

SUB-JUX€'TIVE, a. [L. subjunctivus ; Fr. subjonctif.] 1. 
Subjoined or added to something before said or written. — 
2. In grammar, designating a form of verbs which follow 
other verbs, or words expressing condition, hypothesis or 
contingency. — 3. Subjunctive is often used as a noun, de- 
noting the subjunctive mode. 

SUB'LA-NATE, a. In botany, somewhat woolly. 

SUB-LAP-Sa RI-AN, ; a. [L. sub and lapsiis.] Done after 

SUB-LAPS'A-RY, ) the apostasy of Adam. 

SUB-LAP-Sa'RI-AN", n. One who maintains the sublapsa- 
rian doctrine, that the sin of Adam's apostasy being impu- 
ted to all his posterity, God in compassion decreed to send 
his Son to rescue a great number from their lost state, and 
to accept of his obedience and death on their account. 

SUB-La'TION, n. [L. sublatio.'\ The act of taking or carry- 
ing away. Ep. Hall. 

SUB-LET', V. t. [sub and let.] To underlet ; to lease, as a 
lessee to another person. [Unusual.'] Smollett. 

SUB-LE-Va'TION, 71. [L. sublevo.] The act of raising on 
high. 

SUB-LIEtJ-TEN'ANT, [See *Lieutenant.] n. An officer 
in the royal regiment of artillery and fusileers. 

SUB-LI-Ga'TION, n. [L. subligo.] The act of binding un- 
derneath. 

SUB-LTM'A-BLE, a. [from sublime.] That may be subli- 
mated ; capable of being raised by heat into vapor, and 
again condensed by cold. 

SUB-LIM'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being sublima- 
ble. 

SUB'LI-MATE, v. t. [from sublime.] 1. To bring a solid 
substance, as camphor or sulphur, into the state of vapor 
by heat, which, on cooling, returns again to the solid state. 
2. To refine and exalt ; to heighten ; to elevate. 

SUB LI-MATE, n. The product of a sublimation. 

SUB LI-MATE, a. Brought into a state of vapor by heat, 
and again condensed, as solid substances. 

SUB LI-MA-TED, pp. Brought into a state of vapor by 
heat, as a solid substance ; refined. 

SUB'LI-MA-TING, ppr. Converting into the state of vapor 
1)v heat, and condensing ; as solid substances. 

SUR-LI-Ma'TION, n. 1. The operation of bringing a solid 
substnuce into the state of vapor by heat, an-d condensing 



it again into a solid by cold. 2. Exaltation ; elevation ; 

act of heightening or improving. 

SUB-LlME', a. [L. sublimis ; Fr., It., Sp., sublime.] i. 
High in place ; exalted aloft. 2. High in excellence ; 
exalted by nature ; elevated. 3. High in style or senti- 
ment; lofty; grand. 4. Elevated by joy. 5. Lofty of 
meinj elevated in manner. 

SUB-LlME', n. A grand or lofty style ; a style that expresses 
lofty j;onceptions. j^ddison. 

SUB-LlME', V. t. 1. To sublimate, which see. 2. To raise 
on high. 3. To exalt ; to heighten ; to improve. 

SUB-LlME', V. i. To be brought or changed into a state of 
vapor by heat, and then condensed by cold. 

SUB-LlM'ED, (sub-limd') pp. Brought into a state of vapor 
by heat, and, when cooled, changed to a solid state. 

SUB-LlME'LY, adv. With elevated conceptions oftily. 

SUB-LIME'NESS, n. Loftiness of style or sentiment ; sub- 
limity. 

SUB-LIM-I-FI-€a'TION, n. [L. sublimis and facio.] The 
act of making sublime. Gilpin. 

SUB-LlM'lNG, ppr. Sublimating; exalting. 

SUB-LIM'I-TY, n. [Fr. sublimite ; L. sublimitas.] 1. Eleva 
tion of place ; lofty height. 2. Height in excellence , 
loftiness of nature or character ; moral grandeur. — 3. In 
oratory and composition, lofty conceptions, or such con- 
ceptions expressed in corresponding language ; loftiness 
of sentiment or style. 

t SUB-LIN-E-A'TION, n. Mark of a line or lines under a 
word in a sentence. Letter to Abp. Usher. 

SUB-LIN'GUAL, a. [L. sub and lingua.] Situated under 
the tongue ; as the sublinguul glands. Coze. 

SUB-LU'NAR, ) a. [Fr. sublunaire ; L. sub and luna.] 

SUB'LU-NA-RY, \ Literally, beneath the moon ; but sub- 
lunary, which is the word chiefly used, denotes merely 
terrestrial, earthly, pertaining to this world. Dryden. 

SUB'LU-NA-RY, n. Any worldly thing. Feltham. 

SUB-LUX-a'TION, 71. [sub and luxation.] In surgery, a 
violent sprain ; also, an incomplete dislocation. 

SUB-MA-R'INE', a. [L. sub and marinus.] Being, acting or 
growing under water in the sea. 

SUB-MAX'IL-LA-RY, a. [L. sub and maxilla.] Situated 
underjthe jaw. Med. Repos. 

SUB-Me'DI-ANT, n. In music, the sixth note, or middle 
note between the octave and subdominant. 

SUB-MERGE', (sub-merj') v. t [L. submergo.] 1. To put 
under water; to plunge. 2. To cover or overflow with 
water ; to drown. 

SUB-MERGE', (sub-merj') v. i. To plunge under water. 

SUB-MERG'ED, (sub-merjd') pp. Put under water ; over- 
flowed. 

SUB-MERG'ING, ppr. Putting under water ; overflowing. 

SUB-MERSE', ) a. [L. submersus.] Being or growing un- 

SUB-MERS'ED, ) der water, as the leaves of aquatic plants 

SUB-MER'SION, n. [Fr. ; L. submersus.] 1. The act cf 
putting under water or causing to be overflowed. 2. The 
act of plunging under water ; the act of drowning. 

t SUB-MIN'IS-TER, or jSUB-MIN'IS-TRATE, v.t. [L, 
suhministro.] To supply ; to afibrd. 

t SUB-MIN'IS-TER, v.i. To subserve ; to be useful to. 

fSUB-MIN'IS-TRANT, a. Subservient; serving in subor- 
dination. Bacon. 

SUB-MIN-IS-TRa'TION, n. The act of furnishing or sup- 
plying. Wotton. 

SUB-MISS', a. [L. stibmissus.] Submissive ; humble ; obse- 
quious. [Rarely used, and in poetry only.] 

SUB-MIS'SION, 11. [L. submissio ,• Fr. soumission.] 1. The 
act of submitting ; the act of yielding to power or authori- 
ty ; surrender of the person and power to the control or 
government of another. 2. Acknowledgment of inferiori- 
ty or dependence ; humble or suppliant behavior. 3. Ac- 
knowledgment of a fault ; confession of error. 4. Obedi- 
ence ; compliance with the commands or lawsof a superior. 
5. Resignation ; a yielding of one's will to the will or 
appointment of a superior without murmuring. 

SUB-MISS'IVE, a. 1. Yielding to the will or power of 
another ; obedient. 2. Humble ; acknowledging one's 
inferiority ; testifying one's submission. 

SUB-MISS'IVE-LY, a(Zu. With submission ; with acknowl- 
edgment of inferiority ; humbly. Dryden. 

SUB-MISS'IVE-NESS, n. 1. A submissive temjier or dispo- 
sition. 2. Humbleness ; acknowledgment of inferiority. 

3. Confession of fault. 

SUB-MISS'LY, adv. Humbly ; with submission,. [L. u.] 
SUB-MISS'NESS, n. Humbleness ; obedience. [L. mJ 
SUB-MIT', V. t. [L. submitto ; Fr. soumettre.] 1. To let 
down ; to cause to sink or lower ; [obs.] Dryden. 2. To 
yield, resign or surrender to the power, will or authority 
of another. 3. To refer ; to leave or commit to the dis- 
cretion or judgment of another. 
SUB-MIT', V. i. 1. To surrender; to yield one's person to 
the power of another ; to give up resistance. 2. To yield 
one's opinion to the opinion or authority of another. 3 
To be subject ; to acquiesce in the authority of another 

4. To be submissive ; to yield without murmuring. 



Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z . CH as SH •• TH as in this. tOisolete. 



SUB 



804 



SUB 



SUB-MlT TED, -pp. Surrendered ; resigned ; yielded ; re- 
ferred. 

SUB-MIT'TER, n. One who submits. 

SUB-MIT'TING, ppr. Surrendering ; resigning ; yielding ; 
referring to another for decision. 

t SUB-MON'ISH, V. t. To suggest ; to put in mind ; to 
prompt. Granger. 

t SUB-MO-Nl"TION, n. Suggestion ; persuasion. Granger. 

SUB-MUL'TI-PLE, n. A number or quantity which is con- 
tained in another a certain number of times, or is an ali- 
quot part of it. 

SUB-NAS'CENT, a. [L. sub and jiascor.] Growing under- 
neath. 

(•SUB-NE€T', v.t. [L. subnecto ] To tie, buckle or fasten 
beneath. Pope. 

SUB-NOR'MAL, n. [L. sub and norina.] A subperpendicu- 
lat or a line under the perpendicular to a curve. 

SUB-NuDE', a. [L. sub and 7iudus, naked.] In botany, almost 
naked or bare of leaves. Lee. 

SUB-OB-S€t?RE'LY, adv. Somewhat obscurely. 

SUB-0€-CIFI-TAL, a. Being under the occiput. 

SUB-0€'TAVE, ) a. [L. sub and octavus or octuple.] Con- 

SUB-Oe'TU-PLE, ) taining one part of eight. 

SUB-0€ U-LAR, a. [L. sub and oculus.] Being under the 
eye. 

SUB-OR-BI€'U-LAR, ) a. [L. sub and orbiculatus.] Almost 

SUB-OR-BIOU-LATE, \ orbiculate or orbicular ; nearly 
circular. Say. 

SUB-OR'DI-NA-C ^, n. 1. The state of being subordinate or 
subject to control. 2. Series of subordination. [L.u.] 

fSUB-OR'DI-NAN-CY. See Subordinacy. 

SUB-OR'DI-NATE, a. [L. sub and ordinatus.] 1. Inferior 
in order, in nature, in dignity, in power, importance, 
&c. 2. Descending in a regular series. 

SUB-OR'DI-NATE, v. t. 1. To place in an order or rank 
below something else ; to make or consider as of less 
valup or importance. 2. To make subject. 

SUB-OR'DI-NA-TED, pp. Placed in an inferior rank ; con- 
sidered as of inferior importance ; subjected. 

SUB-OR'DI-NATE-LY, ado. 1. In a lower rank or of infe- 
rior importance. 2. In a series regularly descending. 

SUB-OR-DI-Na'TION, 7?. [Pr.] 1. The state of being in- 
ferior to another ; inferiority of rank or dignity. 2. A 
series regularly descending. 3. Place of rank among 
inferiors. 4. Subjection ; state of being under control or 
government. 

SUB-ORN', V. t. [Fr. suborner ; It. subornare ; Sp. suborn- 
ar ; L. subomo.] I. In laic, to procure a person to take 
such a false oath as constitutes perjury. 2. To procure 
privately or by collusion. 3. To procure by indirect 
means. 

SUB-OR-Na'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. In law, the crime of pro- 
curing a person to take such a false oath as constitutes 
perjury. 2. The crime of procuring one to do a criminal 
or bad action. 

SUB-ORN'ED, {suh-ornd') pp. Procured to take a false oath, 
or to do a bad action. 

SUB-ORN'ER, n. One who procures another to take a false 
oath, or to do a bad action. 

SUB-ORN'ING, ppr. Procuring one to take a false oath, or 
to do a criminal action. 

SUB-o'VATE, a. [L.sm& and ovatus.] Almost ovate ; near- 
ly in the form of an egg. Martyn. 

SUB-Pe'NA, n. [L. sub and pmna.] A writ commanding the 
attendance in court of the person on whom it is served, 
as a witness, &c. 

SUB-Pe'NA, v. t. To serve with a writ of subpena ; to com- 
mand attendance in court by a legal writ. 

SUB-PER-PEN-DI€'U-I.AR, n. [sub and perpendicular.] A 
subnormal, which see. 

SUB-PET'I-O-LATE, a. [sub and petiole.] In botany, hav- 
ing a very short petiole. Martyn. 

SUB-PRl'OR, 71. [sub and prior.] The vicegerent of a pri- 
or ; a claustral officer who assists the prior. South. 

SUB-PUR'CHA-SER, n. A purchaser who buys of a pur- 

SUB-QUAD'RATE, a. Nearly square. Say. 

SUB-aUAD'RU-PLE, a. Containing one part of four. 

SUB-aUIN'aUE-FID, a. Almost quinquefid. 

SUB-aUIN'TU-PLE, a. Containing one part of five. 

SUB-Ra'MOUS, a. In botany, having few branches. 

SUB-RE€'TOR, n. A rector's deputy or substitute. 

SUB-REP'TION, n. [1.. subreptio.] The act of obtaining a 
favor by surprise or unfair representation. 

SUB-REP-Tl"TIOUS, a. [L. surreptitius.] Falsely crept 
in; fraudulently obtained. See Surreptitious. 

SUB-REP-Ti"TIOUS-LY, adv. By falsehood ; by stealth. 
Sherrcood. 

T SUB-REP'TIVE a. [Fr. subreptif.] Subreptitious. Cot- 
grave. 

t SUB'RO-GATE, t;. i [L. subrogo.] To put in the place 
of another. See Surrogate. 

SUB-RO-Ga'TION, n. In the civil law, the substituting 



of one person in the place of another and giving him his 

rights. 
SUB-RO-TUND', a. [L. sub and rotundus.] Almost 

round. 
SUB-SA-LlNE', ffl. Moderately saline or salt. Encyc. 
SUB'SALT, 71. A salt with less acid than is sufficient to 

neutralize its radicals ; or a salt having an excess of the 

SUB-S€AP'U-LAR, a. [L. sub and scapula.] The subscap 
ular artery is the large branch of the axillary artery, which 
rises near the lowest margin of the scapula. 

SUB-SCRlBE', V. t. [L. subscribo ; Fr. souscrire ; It. soscri- 
vere ; Sp. subscribir.] 1. To sign with one's own hand ; 
to give consent to something written, or to bind one's sell 
by writing one's name beneath. 2. To attest by writing 
one's name beneath. 3. To promise to give by writing 
one's name. 4. To submit ; [obs.] 

SUB-SCRlBE', V. i. 1. To promise to give a certain sum by 
setting one's name to a paper. 2. To assent. 

SUB-SCRlB'ED, (sub-skribd') pp. 1. Having a name or 
names written underneath. 2. Promised by writing the 
name and sum. 

SUB-S€RlB'ER, n. 1. One who subscribes ; one who con- 
tributes to an undertaking by subscribing. 2. One who 
enters his name for a paper, book, map and the like. 

SUB-SCRlB'ING, ppr. Writing one's name underneath ; 
assenting to or attesting by writing the name beneath ; 
entering one's name as a purchaser. 

SUB'SCRIPT, n. Any thing underwritten. Bentley. 

SUB-S€RIP'TION, m. [I., subscriptio.] 1. Any thing, par- 
ticularly a paper, with i;ames subscribed. 2. The act of 
subscribing or writing one's name underneath ; name sub- 
scribed ; signature. 3. Consent or attestation given by 
underwriting the name. 4. The act of contributing to 
any undertaking. 5. Sum subscribed ; amount of sums 
subscribed. 6. Submission ; obedience ; [obs.] 

SUB-SECTION, n. [L. sub and sectio.] The part or divis- 
ion of a section 3 a subdivision ; the section of a section. 

SUB-SE€'U-TiVE, a. [L. subscquor, subsecittus.] Follow- 
ing in a train or succession. [L. u.] 

SUB-SEM'I-TONE, n. In Tnusic, the sharp seventh or sen- 
sible of any key. 

SUB-SEP'TU-PLE, a. [L. sub and septuplus.] Containing 
one of seven parts. Wilkins. 

SUB'SE-aUENCE, n. [L. subsequor, subsequenj.] A fol 
lowing ; a state of commg after something. Grew. 

SUB'SE-aUENT, a. [Fr. ; L. subsequens.l 1. Following 
in time ; coming or being alter something else at any time, 
indefinitely. 2. Following in the order of place or suc- 
cession ; succeeding. 

SUB'SE-Q,UENT-LY, adv. 1. At a later time; in time 
after something else, 2. After something else in order. 

SUB-SERVE', (sub-serv') v. t. [L. subservio.] To serve in 
subordination ; to serve instrumentally. Milton. 

SUB-SERVI-ENCE, ) n. Instrumental use ; use or ope- 

SUB-SERV'I-EN-CY, \ ration that promotes some pur- 
pose. 

SUB-SERV'I-ENT, a. [L. subserviens.] 1. Useful as an 
instrument to promote a purpose ; serving to promote 
some end. 2. Subordinate ; acting as a subordinate in- 
strument. 

SUB-SERV'I-ENT-LY, adv. In a subservient manner. 

SUB-SES'SILE, a. [L. sub and sessilis.] In botany, almost 
sessile ; having very short footstalks. Lee. 

SUB-SEX'TU-PLE, a. [L. sub and sextuplus.] Containing 
one part in six. Wilkins. 

SUB-SIDE', V. i. [L. subsido.] 1. To sink or fall to the 
bottom ; to settle, as lees. 2. To fall into a state of 
quiet ; to cease to rage ; to be calmed ; to become tran- 
quil. 3. To tend downwards ; to sink. 4. To abate ; to 
be reduced. 

SUB-Si'DENCE, \ n. 1. The act or process of sinking or 

SUB-Si'DEN-CY, ] falling, as the lees of liquors. 2. The 
act of sinking or gradually descending, as ground. 

* SUB-SID'I-A-RY, a. [Fr. subsidiaire ; L. subsidiarius.] 
1. Aiding; assistant; furnishing help. 2. Furnishing 
additional supplies. 

* SUB-SID'I-A-RY, n. An assistant ; an auxiliary ; he or 
that winch contributes aid or additional supplies. 

SUB'SI-DlZE, TJ. ^ [{tovo. subsidy.] To furnish with a sub- 
sidy ; to purchase the assistance of another by the pay- 
ment of a subsidy to him. 

SUB'S I-DlZED, pp. Engaged as an auxiliary by means of 
a subsidy. 

SUB'SI-DiZ-ING, p;?r. Purchasing the assistance of by sub 
sidies. 

SUB'SI-DY, n. [Fr. subside ; L. subsidium.] 1. Aid in raon 
ey ; supply given ; a tax ; something furnished for aid 
as by the people to their prince. 2. A sum of money paid 
by one prince or nation to another, to purchase the ser- 
vice of auxiliary troops, or the aid of such foreign prince 
in a war against an enemy. 

SUB-SiGN', (sub-sine') v. t. [L. subsigno.] To sign under 
to write beneath. [Littleu^ed.] Camden. 



* See S-'novsis a E I 5 U, 1? Zom^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— ^ Obsolete. 



SUB 



805 



SUB 



BUB-SIG-Na'TION. u. Tne act of writing the nalne under 

something for attestation. [Little used.] 
SUB-SIST', V. t. [Fr. subsister ; It, sussistere; Sp. sub- 
sistir ; L. subsisto.] 1. To be ; to have existence. 2. To 
continue ; to retain the present state. 3. To live ; to be 
maintained with food and clothing. 4. To inhere; to 
have existence by means of something else. 

SUBSIST', V. t. To feed ; to maintain ; to support with 
provisions. 

SlIB-SIST'ENCE, > n. [Fr. subsistence ; It. sussistenza.] 

SUB-SIST'EN-CY, \ 1. Real being. 2. Competent pro- 
visions ; means of supporting life. 3. That which sup- 
plies the means of living, as money, pay or wages. 4. 
Inherence in something else. 

SUB-SIST'ENT, a. [L. subsistens.] 1. Having real being. 
2. Inherent. 

SUB'SOIL, n. The bed or stratum of earth which lies be- 
tween Jhe surface soil and the base on which they rest. 

SUB-SPe'CIES, (sub-spe'shiz) n. [sub and species.] A 
subordinate species ; a division of a species. Thomson. 

SUB'STANCE, w. [Fr. ; It. sustanza ; Sp. substancia; L. 
substantia.] 1. In di. general seTise, being ; something ex- 
isting by itself ; that which really is or exists. 2. That 
which supports accidents. 3. The essential part; the 
main or material part. 4. Something real, not imagina- 
ry ; something solid, not empty. 5. Body ; corporeal 
nature or matter. 6. Goods ; estate ; means of living. 

SUB-STAN'TIAL, a. 1. Belonging to substance ; real ; 
actually existing. Bentley. 2." Real ; solid ; true ; not 
seeming or imaginary. 3. Corporeal ; material. 4. Hav- 
ing substance; strong; stout; solid. 5. Possessed of 
goods or estate ; responsible ; moderately wealthy. 

SUB-STAN-TI-AL'I-TY, n. 1. The state of real existence. 
2. Corporeity ; materiality. Olanville. 

SUB-STAN'TIAL-LY, adv. 1. In the manner of a sub- 
stance ; with reality of existence. 2. Strongly ; solid- 
ly. 3. Truly ; solidly ; really. 4. In substance ; in the 
main ; essentially. 5. With competent goods or estate. 

SUB-STAN'TIAL-NESS, n. 1. The state of being sub- 
stantial. 2. Firmness ; strength ; power of holding or 
lasting. 

SUB-STAN'TIALS, n. plu. Essential parts. Ayliffe. 

SUB-STAN'TIATE, v. t. 1. To make to exist. 2. To es- 
tablish by proof or competent evidence ; to verify ; to make 
good. Canning. 

SUB'STAN-TlVE, a. 1. Betokening existence. Arbutlmot. 
2. Solid ; depending on itself; [obs.] Bacon. 

SUB'STAN-TlVE, n. In grammar, a noun or name ; the 
part of speech which expresses something that exists, 
either material or immaterial. 

SUB'STAN-TlVE-LY, ad.v. 1. In substance ; essentially.— 
2. In grammar, as a name or noun. 

SUB'STlLE, n. [sub and stile.] The line of a dial on which 
the stile is erected. Encyc. 

SUB'STI-TUTE, v. t. [Fr. substituer ; It. sustitidre ; Sp. sub- 
stitiiir ; L. substituo.] To put in the place of another. 

SUB'STI-TUTE, n. 1. One person put in the place of an- 
other to answer the same purpose. 2. One thing put in 
the place of another. 

SUB-STI-Tu'TION, n. 1. The act of putting one per- 
son or thing in the place of another to supply its place. 
— 2. In grammar, syllepsis, or the use of one word for 
another. 

SUB-STRACT', v. t. [L. subtraho, subtractum.] To sub- 
tract.— Sw&stract was formerly used in analogy with ab- 
st7-act. But in modern usage, it is written according to the 
Latin, subtract. 

SUB-STRACTION, n. In law, the withdrawing or with- 
holding of some right. 

SUB-STRa'TUM, n. [L. substrains.] 1. That which is 
laid or spread under ; a layer of earth lying under an- 
other. — 2. In metaphysics, the matter or substance sup- 
posed to furnish the basis in which the perceptible quali- 
ties inhere. 

SUB-STRU€'TI0N, n. [L.substructio.] Under-building. 

SUB-STRU€T'UREj n. An under-structure ; a founda- 
tion. 

SUB-ST'^'LAR, a. In dialing, the substylar line is a right 
line on which the gnomon or style is erected at right an- 
gles with the plane. 

SUB'STyLE, n. [sub and style.] In dialing, the line on 
which the gnomon stands. 

SUB-SULPH'ATE, n. A sulphate with an excess of the 
base. 

SUB-SULT'IVE, } a. [1,. subsultus.] Bounding ; leap- 

* SUB-SULT'O-RY, ^ ing ; moving by sudden leaps or 
starts, or bv twitches. 

* SUB-SULT'O-RI-LY, adv. In a bounding manner; by 
leaps, starts or twitches. Bacon. 

SUB-SULT'US, n. [L.] In medicine, a, twitching or con- 
vulsive motion. Coxe. 

tSUB-SuME', V. t. [Jj. sub a.nd sumo.] To assume as. a po- 
sition by consequence. Hammond. 

SUB-TAN'6ENT, ?i. In geometry, the part of the axis con- 



tained between the ordinate aiu tangent drawn to the 
same point in a curve. 

SUB-TEND', V. t. [L. sub and tend..] To extend under; as 
the line of a triangle which subtends the right angle. 

SUB-TEND'ED, pp. Extended under. 

SUB-TEND'ING, ppr. Extending Under. 

SUB-TENSE', (sub-tens') 7i. [L. sub and tensus.] The 
chord of an arch or arc. 

SUB-TEP'ID, a. [L. sub and tepidus.] Moderately warm 

SUB'TER, a Latin preposition, signifies under. 

SUB-TER'FLU-ENT, ) a. [L. subterflucns, subterfim.' 

SUB-TER'FLU-OUS. \ Running under or beneath. 

SUB'TER-FU6E,n. [Fr.] iito-aZZj-, that to which a person 
resorts for escape or concealment ; hence, a shift; an eva- 
sion ; an artifice employed to escape censure or the force 
of an argurnent, or to justify opinions or conduct. 

SUB-TER-RaNE', n. A cave or room under ground. 

SUB-TER-Ra'NE-AN, ; a. [L. subter, under, and terra 

SUB-TER-Ra'NE-OUS, \ earth; Fr. soutei-rain; It. sot- 
terraneo.] Being or lying under the surface of the earth , 
situated within the earth or under ground. — [Subterraneal 
and Siibterrany are not in use.] 

t SUB-TER-RAN'I-TY, n. A place under ground. 

t SUB'TER-RA-NY, n. What lies under ground. 

SUB'TIL, or SUB'TlLE, a. [Fr. subtil ; L. subtilis ; It. sot- 
tile. This word is often written subtle, but less properly.] 
1. Thin ; not dense or gross. 2. Nice ; fine ; delicate. 3. 
Acute ; piercing. 4. Sly ; artful ; cunning ; crafty ; in- 
sinsating. 5. Planned by art; deceitful. 6. Deceitful ; 
treacherous. 7. Refined; fine; acute. 

t SUB-TIL'I-ATE, v. t. To make thin. Harvey. 

t SUB-TIL-I-A'TION, n. The act of making thin or rare. 

SUB-TIL'I-TY, n. Fineness. Smellie. 

SUB-TIL-I-Za'TION, n. 1. The act of making subtil, fine 
or thin. — In the laboratory, the operation of making so vol- 
atile as to rise in steam or vapor. 2. Refinement ; extreme 
acuteness. 

SUB'TIL-IZE, V. t. [Fr. subtiliser.] 1. To make thin or 
fine ; to make less gross or coarse. 2. To refine ; to spin 
into niceties. 

SUB'TIL-iZE, V. i. To refine in argument; to make very 
nice distinctions, Milner. 

SUB'TIL-LY, ado. 1. Thinly ; not densely. 2. Finely ; 
not grossly or thickly. 3. Artfully ; cunningly ; craftily. 

SUB'TIL-NESS, n. 1, Thinness ; rareness. 2. Fineness ; 
acuteness. 3. Cunning ; artfulness. 

SUB'TIL-TY, 7i. [Fr, subtilitc ; L. subtilitas.] 1. Thinness; 
fineness ; exility. 2. Refinement ; extreme acuteness. 
3. Slyness in design ; cunning ; artifice ; usually, but less 
properlv, written subtlety. 

SUB'TLE, (sut'tl) a. [See Subtil.] 1, Sly in design ; art- 
ful ; cunning ; insinuating. 2. Cunningly devised. 

SUB'TLE-TY. (sut'tl-ty) See Subtilty. 

SUB'TLY, (sut'ly) adv. 1. SliJy ; artfully ; cunningly. Mil- 
ton. 2. Nicely ; delicately. Pope. 

SUB-TRACT', ^j. i. [1j. subtraho, subtractus.] To withdraw 
or take a part from the rest ; to deduct, 

SUB-TRA€T'ED,pp, Withdrawn from the rest ; deducted. 

SUB-TRACT'ER, n. 1. He that subtracts, 2. The number 
to be taken from a larger number ; [obs.] 

SUB-TRACT'ING, ppr. Withdrawing from the rest. 

SUB-TR ACTION, w. [L. subtractio.] 1. The act or ope- 
ration of taking a part from the rest. — 2. In arithmetic, the 
taking of a lesser number from a greater of the same kind 
or denomination. 

SUB-TRACT'IVE, a. Tending or having power to sub- 
tract. 

SUB-TRA-HEND', n. In arithmetic, the sum or number to 
be subtracted or taken from another. 

SUB-TRI'FID, a. Slightly trifid. Martyn. 

SUB-TRIP'LE, a. [sub and triple.] Containing a third or 
one part of three. Wilkins. 

SUB-TRIP'LI-€ATE, a. In the ratio of the cubes. 

SUB-TU'TOR, n. [sub and tutor.] An under-tutor. Bur- 
net. 

SUB'U-LATE, a. [L, subula.] In botany, shaped like an 
awl ; awl-shaped. Martyn. 

t SUB-UN-Da'TION, n. [L. sub and unda.] Flood ; del 
uge. Huloet. 

SUB'URB, or SUB'URBS, n. [L. suburbium.] 1. A build- 
ing without the walls of a city, but near them ; or, more 
generally, the parts that lie without the walls, but in the 
vicinity of a city. 2. The confines ; the out-part. 

SUB-URB'AN, a. [L. suburbanus.] Inhabiting or being in 
the suburbs of a city. 

SUB'URBED, a. Bordering on a suburb ; having a suburb 
on its out-part. Carew. 

SUB-UR-BI-Ca'RI-AN, I a. [Low L. suburbicarius.] Bft- 

SUB-URB'I-CA-RY, \ ing in the suburbs. 

SUB-VA-Rl'E-TY, n. [sub and variety.] A subordinate va- 
riety, or division of a variety. Mineralogy. 

t SUB-VEN-Ta'NE-OUS, a. [L. subventaneus.] Addle ; 
windy. 

SUB-VEN'TION, m. [h. subvenio.] 1. The act of coming 



'.^' m 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K j G as J j S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



sue 



806 



SUD 



under. 2. The act of coming to relief; support; aid; 

[little used.] 

SUB-VERSE', (sub-vers') v. t. To subvert. Spenser. 

SUB-VER'SION, w. [Fi.; 1,. subversio.] Entire overthrow ; 
an overthrow of the foundation; utter ruin. 

SUB-VERS'IVE, a. Tending to subvert ; having a tenden- 
cy to overthrow and ruin. 

SUB- VERT', V. t. [L. siibverto ; Fr., Sp. subvertir.] 1. To 
overthrow from the foundation ; to overturn ; to ruin ut- 
terly. 2. To corrupt ; to confound ; to pervert the mind, 
and turn it from the truth. 2 Tim. ii. 

SUB-VERT'ED, pp. Overthrown ; overturned ; entkely de- 
stroyed. 

SUB-VERT'ER, n. One who subverts ; an overthrower. 

SUB-VERT'ING, ppr. Overthrowing ; entirely destroy- 
ing. 

SUB-WoRK'ER, n. A subordinate worker or helper. 

SU€-CE-Da'NE-0US, a. [L. sriccedaneus.] Supplying the 
place of something else ; being or employed as a substi- 
tute. Boyle. 

SU€-CE-Da'NE-UM, 71. That which is used for something 
else ; a substitute. WarbiLrton. 

SUC-CEED', ) V. t ""Fr. succeder ; It. succedere ; Sp. suced- 

SU€;-CeDE', \ er f L sticcedo.] 1. To follow in order ; to 
take the^lace which another has left. 2. To follow ; to 
come after ; to be subsequent or consequent. 3. To pros- 
per ; to make successful. 

SU€-CEED', v. i. 1. To follow in order. 2. To come in 
the place of one that has died or quitted the place, or of 
that which has preceded. 3. To obtain the object desir- 
ed ; to accomplish what is attempted or intended ; to 
have a prosperous termination. 4. To terminate with 
advantage ; to have a good effect. 5. To go under cover ; 
[little used.] 

SU€-CEED'ED, pp. Followed in order ; prospered ; attend- 
ed with success. 

SU€-CEED'ER, n. One that follows or comes in tlie plaoe 
of another ; a successor. 

SU€-CEED'ING, ppr. 1. Following in order ; subsequent ; 
coming after. 2. Taking the place of another who has 
quitted the place, or is dead. 3. Giving success ; pros- 
pering. . 

SU€-CEEDT:NG, n. The act or state of prospering or hav- 
ing success. 

SU€-CESS', 71. [Fr. succes ; L. successus.] 1. The favor- 
able or prosperous termination of any thing attempted ; 
a termination which answers the purpose intended. 2. 
Succession ; [obs.] 

SU€-CESS'FTiL, a. Terminating in accomplishing what is 
wished or intended ; having the desired effect. 

SUe-CESS'FUL-LY, adv. With a favorable termination of 
what is attempted ; prosperously; favorably. Swift. 

SU€-CESS'FUL-NESS, n. Prosperous conclusion; favora- 
ble event ; success. Hammond. 

SU€-CES'SION, n. [Fr.; 1j. succes sio.] 1. A following of 
things in order ; consecution ; series of things following 
one another, either in time or place. 2. The act of suc- 
ceeding or coming in the place of another. 3. Lineage ; 
an order or series of descendants. 4. The power or right 
of coming to the inheritance of ancestors. 

SUC-CESS'IVE, a. [Fr. successif; It. sjLccessivo.] 1. Fol- 
lowing in order or uninterrupted course, as a series of per- 
sons or things, and either in time or place. 2. Inherited 
by succession ; as, a successive title ; [I. u.] 

SU€-CESS'IVE-LY, adv. In a series or order, one follow- 
ing another. 

SUe-CESS'IVE-NESS, n. The state of being successive. 

SU€-CESS'LESS, a. Having no success ; unprosperous ; un- 
fortunate ; failing to accomplish what was intended. 

SU€)-CESS'LESS-LY, adv. Without success. Hammond. 

SU€-CESS'LESS-NESS, n. Unprosperous conclusion. 

*SU€-CESS'OR, n. [L.] One that succeeds or follows ; one 
that takes the place which another has left, and sustains 
the like part or character ; correlative to predecessor. 

SUe-CID'U-OUS, a. [L. succiduus.] Ready to fall ; falling. 
[Little used.] 

SU€!-CIF'ER-0U3, a. [L. succus and fero.] Producing or 
conveying sap. 

SU€'CI-NATE, 7). [L. succinum.] A salt formed by the 
succinic acid and a base. 

SU€'CI-NA-TED, a. Impregnated with the acid of am- 
ber. 

SU€-CIN€T', a. [L. succinctus.] 1. Tucked up; girded 
up ; drawn up to permit the legs to be free ; [I. u.] 2. 
Compressed into a narrow compass ; short ; brief ; con- 
cise. 

SUe-CIN€T'LY, adv. Briefly ; concisely. 

SU€-CIN€T'NESS, v. Brevity ; conciseness. 

SU€-CIN'ie, a. Pertaining to amber ; drawn from amber. 

SU€'CI-NITE, n. [L. succivum.] A mineral of an amber 
color, considered as a variety (,f garnet. 

SUe'CI-NOUS, a. Pertaining to amber. 

SU€'€OR, V. t. [Fr. secourir ; It. soccorrere ; Sp. spcorrer ; L. 
succurro.] Literally, to run to, or run to support ; hence, 



to help or relieve when in difficulty, want or distress ; to 

assist and deliver from suffering. 

SU€'€OR, 7!. 1. Aid; help; assistance; particularly, as- 
sistance that relieves and delivers from difficulty, want 
or distress. 2. The person or thing that brings relief. 

SU€'€ORED, pp. Assisted ; relieved. 

SU€'eOR-ER, 71. He that affords relief; a helper ; a deliv- 
erer. 

SU€'€OR-LESS, a. Destitute of help or relief Thomson. 

SU€'€OR-Y, 71. Wild endive, a plant of the genus cicho- 
rium. 

SU€'€0-TASH, n. In America, a mixture or" green maize 
and beans boiled. The dish, as well as the name, is bor- 
rowed from the native Indians. 

SU€'€U-BA, ) 11. [L. sub and cuho.] A pretended kind of 

SU€eU-BUS, demon. Mir. for Mag. 

SUe'eU-LEN'^E, \ jui„i„„gs 

SU€'€U-LEN-CY, ji "" JUi^n^ss. 

SU€'€U-LENT, a. [Fr. ; L. succulmtus.] Full of juice 
juicy. 

SU€-€UMB', V. i. [L. s^uccumbo.] 1. To yield ; to submit 
2. To yield; to sink unresistingly. 

SU€-€UMB'ING, ppr. Yielding; submitting; sinking. 

SU€-€US-Sa'TION, 7i. [L. succusso.] 1. A trot or trot- 
ting. Brown. 2. A shaking ; succussion. 

SU€-€US'SI0N, 71. [L. succussio.] 1. The act of shaking ; 
a shake. — 2. In medicine, a shaking of the nervous paits 
by powerful stimulants. 

SUCH, a. [Perhaps a contraction of Sax. swelc, swylc, G 
soldi, D. zolk : but more probably, the Russ. sitze, sitzev '} 
1. Of that kind; of the like kind. 2. The same that. 3. 
The same as what has been mentioned. 4. Referring to 
what has been specified. — 5. Siich and such is used in ref- 
erence to a person or place of a certain kind. 

SUCK, V. t. [Sax. sucan, succan: G. saugen i D. zuigeii. ; 
Sw. suga ; L. stigo ; Fr. sucer ; It. succiare, succkiare.] 

1. To draw with the mouth ; to draw out, as a liquid froic 
a cask, or milk from the breast ; to draw into the mouth 

2. To draw milk from with the mouth. 3. To draw intr 
the mouth ; to imbibe. 4. To draw or drain. 5. To draw 
in, as a whirlpool ; to absorb. 6. To inhale. — To suck in, 
to draw into the mouth ; to imbibe ; to absorb. — To such 
out, to draw out with the mouth ; to empty by suction. — 
To suck up, to draw into the mouth. 

SUCK, V. i. 1. To draw by exhausting the air, as with tl^c 
mouth, or with a tube. 2. To draw the breast. 3. To 
draw in ; to imbibe. 

SUCK, 71. 1. The act of drawing with the mouth. Boyle. 
2. Milk drawn from the breast by the mouth. Shak. 

SUCKED, pp. Drawn with the mouth, or with an instru- 
ment that exhausts the air ; imbibed ; absorbed. 

SUCK'ER, 7!. I. He or that which draws with the mouth 
2. The embolus or piston of a pump. 3. A pipe tbrougji 
which any thhig is drawn. 4. The shoot of a plant from 
the roots or lower part of the stem. 5. A fish. 

SUCK'ER, V. t. To strip offshoots ; to deprive of suckers. 

SUCK'ET, 7!. A sweetmeat for the mouth. Clear eland. 

SUCK'ING, ppr. Drawing with the mouth or with an in- 
strument ; imbibing ; absorbing. 

SUCK'ING-BOT-TLE, 7?. A bottle to be filled with milk 
for infants to suck, instead of the pap. Locke. 

t SUCKLE, 71, A teat. 

SUCKLE, V. t. To give suck to ; to nurse at the breast. 

SUCKLED, pp. Nursed at the breast. 

SUCK'LTNG, ppr. Nursing at the breast. 

SUCK'LING, 7). 1. A young child or animal nursed at the 
breast. Ps. viii. 2. A sort of white clover. Cyc. 

SUCTION, 77. [Fr.] 1. The act of sucking or drawing into 
the mouth. 2. The act of drawing, as fluids, into a pipe. 

StJT)AK', n. A fish, a species of perca. Tooke.' 

t Su'DA-RY, 7!. [L. sudarium.] A napkin or handkerchief. 

SU-Da'TION, 7!. [1.. sudatio.] A sweating. 

Stf'DA-TO-RY, n. [L. sudatorium ] A hot-house ; a svveat- 
iuff-bath. Herbert. 

Su'DA-TO-RY, a. Sweating 

SUD'DEN, a. [Sax. soden , Fr. soudain.] 1. Happening 
without previous notice ; coming unexpectedly, or with- 
out the common preparatives. 2. Hasty ; violent ; rash ; 
precipitate ; passionate ; [obs.] 

t SUD'DEN, n. An unexpected occurrence; suiprise. — On 
a sudden, sooner than was expected ; without the usual 
preparatives. Milton. 

S(JD'DEN-LY, fl(Z«. 1. In an unexpected manner; unex- 
pectedly ; hastily ; without preparation. 2. Without pre- 
meditation. 

SUD'DEN-NESS, n. State of being sudden ; a coming or 
happening without previous notice. 

SU-DO-RIF'IC, a. [Fr. sudorifique.] Causing sweat ; excit- 
ing perspiration. Bacon. 

SU-DO-RIF'IC, n. A medicine that produces sweat or sej>- 
sible perspiration. Coxe. 

Su'DOR-OUS, a. [L. sudor.] Consisting of sweat. 5row7i 

SUDS, 71. sing. Water impregnated with soap. — To be m 
the suds, to be in turmoil or difficulty ; a familiar phrase 



* See Synopsis. I, E,I, O, V, Y, long.— FAB., FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD; 



t Obsolete 



SUF 



807 



SUI 



SCE, (su) ». t. [Fr svivre.] 1. To seek justice or right from 
one by legal process ; to institute process in law against 
one ; to prosecute in a civil action for the recovery of a 
real or supposed right. 2. To gain by legal process. 3. 
To clean the beak, as a hawkj a term ^falconry. — To 
sue out, to petition for and take out ; or to apply for and 
obtain. 

Sue, v. i. 1. Te prosecute ; to make legal claim ; to seek 
for in law. 2. To seek by request ; to apply for ; to peti- 
don ; to entreat. 3. To make interest for j to demand. 

Sued, j>p. Prosecuted ; sought in law 

f Su'ER, 71. One who seeks to obtain by treaty ; a suitor. 
Lord. 

Su'ET, n. [W. sw'ijv and swyved.l The fat of an animal, 
particularly that about the kidneys ; lard. Wiseman. 

Su'ET-Y, a. Consisting of suet, or resembling it. 

SUF'FER, V. t. [L. suffero ; Fr. souff>-ir ; It. sofferire ; Sp. 
safrir.} 1. To fe<sl or bear what is painful, disagreeable, 
or distressing, either to the body or mind ; to undergo. 2. 
To endure ; to support ; to sustain ; not to sink under. 3. 
To allow ; to permit ; not to forbid or hinder. 4. To un- 
dergo ; to be affected by. 5. To sustain ; to be affect- 
ed by. 

SUF'FER, V. i. To feel or undergo pain of body or mind ; 
to bear what is Inconvenient. 2. To undergo, as punisli- 
ment. 3. To be injured ; to sustain loss or damage. Tem- 
ple. 

SUF'FER- A-BLE, a. 1. That may be tolerated or permit- 
ted ; allowable. 2. That may be endured or borne. 

SUF'FER- A-BLE-NESS, n. Tolerableness. Scott. 

SUF'FER-A-BLY, adv. Tolerably ; so as to be endured. 

SUFFER-ANCE, n. 1. The bearing of pain ; endurance; 
pain endured ; misery. 2. Patience 5 moderation ; a bear- 
ing with patience. 3. Toleration ; permission ; allow- 
ance ; negative consent by not forbidding or hindering. 

SUF'FER-ED, ;>;;. Borne ; undergone ; permitted ; allowed. 

SUF'FER-ER, n. One who endures or undergoes pain, ei- 
ther of body or mind 3 one who sustains inconvenience or 
loss. 2. One that permits or allows. 

SUF'FER-ING, ppr. Bearing ; undergoing pain, inconven- 
ience or damage ; permitting ; allowing. 

SUF'FER-ING, n. The bearing of pain, inconvenience or 
loss ; pain endured ; distress, loss or injury incurred. 

SUF'FER-ING-LY, aeZ«. With pain. Cabalistical Dialogue. 

SUF-FICE', (suf-f Ize') v. i. [Fr. suffire ,■ L. sufficio.] To be 
enough or sufficient ; to be equal to the end proposed. 

SUF-FICE', (suf-f ize') v. t. 1. To satisfy; to content; to 
be equal to the wants or demands of. 2. To afford ; to 
supply ; [obs.] 

SUF-Fl'CED, (suf-f Izd') pp. Satisfied ; adequately sup- 
plied. 

SUF-Fi"CIEN-CY, n. 1. The state of being adequate to the 
end proposed. 2. (Qualification for any purpose. 3. Com- 
petence ; adequate substance or means. 4. Supply equal 
to wants ; ample stock or fund. 5. Ability ; adequate 
power. 6. Conceit; self-confidence. 

SUF-Fi"CIENT, a. [L. sufficiens.] 1. Enough ; equal to the 
end proposed ; adequate to wants ; competent. 2. Quali- 
fied ; competent ; possessing adequate talents or accom- 
plishments. 3. Fit ; able ; of competent power or abil- 
ity. 

SUF-FI"CIENT-LY, adv. To a sufficient degree ; enough; 
to a degree that answers the purpose, or gives content. 

SUF-Fl'CING, (suf-f Iz'ing) ppr. Supplying what is need- 
ed ; satisfying. 

t SUF-Pl'SANCE, n. [Fr.J Sufficiency; plenty. Spenser. 

SUF'FIX, 71. [L. suffixus, suffigo.] A letter or syllable add- 
ed or annexed to the end of a word. Parklmrst. 

SUF-FIX', V. t. To add a letter or syllable to a word. 

SUF-FIX'ED, (suf-fixf) pp. Added to the end of a word. 

SUF-FtX'ING, ppr. Adding to the end of a word. 

fSUF-FLAM'I-NATE, v. t. [L. sufflamen.] To stop ; to im- 
pede. 

SUF-FLaTE', v. t. [L. sujjio.] To blow up ; to inflate. 

SUF-FLa'TION, 71. [h.suffiatio.] The act of blowing up or 
inflating. Coles. 

SUF'FO-CATE, v. t. [Fr. suffoquer ; It. suffogare ; Sp. suf- 
ocar : L. suffoco.] 1. To choke or kill by stopping res- 
piration. 2. To stifle; to destroy; to extinguish. Col- 
lier. 

SUF'FO-€ ATE, a. Suffocated. Shak. 

«TTPiFO-eA-TED,p». Choked; stifled. 

SUF'FO-€A-TI JNtif, ppr. Choking ; stifling. 

SUF'FO-€A-TING-LY, adv. So as to suffocate. 

SUF-FO-Ca'TION, 71. 1. The act of choking or stifling ; a 
stopping of respiration. 2. The act of stifling, destroying 
or extinguishing. 

SUF'FO-€A-TIVE, a. Tending or able to choke or stifle. 

SUF-FOS'SION, 71. [L. suffossio.] A digging under; an un- 
dermining. Bp. Hall. 

SUF'FRA-GAN, a. [Fr. suffragant ; It. suffraganeo ; L. suf- 
fragans.] Assisting ; as, a saffragan bishop. 

SUF'FRA-GAN, n. A bishop, considered as an assistant to 
bis metropolitan ; or rather, an assistant bishop. 



jSUF'FRA-GANT, n. An assistant; a favorer; one wliv) 
concurs witli. Taylor. 

fSUFFRA-GATE, v.t. VL. suffragor.] To vote with. 

SUF'FRA-GA-TOR, n. [L.] One who assists or favors by 
his vote. Bp. of Chester. 

SUF'FRAGE, 71. [L. suffragium ; Y't- suffrage.'] 1. A votfl ; 
a voice given in deciding a. controverted question, or u» 
the choice of a man for an office or trust. 2. United voice 
of persons in public prayer. 3. Aid ; assistance ; a Latin- 
ism ; \_obe.] 

SUF-FRAG'IN-OUS, a. [L. suffrago.] Pertaining to th« 
knee-joint of a beast. Brown. 

SUF-FRU'TI-€0US, a. [L. S7t6 and/TTtticosws.J la botany, 
under-shrubby, or part shrubby. 

SUF-FtJ'MI-GATE, v. t. [L. suffumigo.^ To apply fumes 
or smoke to the internal parts of the body. 

SUF-F U-MI-Ga'TI ON, n. 1. Fumigation ; the operation of 
smoking any thing. 2 A term applied to all medicineiJ 
that are received iijto the body in the form of fumes. 

SUF-Fu'MlGE, n. A medical fume. Harvey. 

SUF-FuSE' (suf-fuze ) t;.t. [L. suffusus.] To overspread, 
as with a fluid or tincture. Pope. 

SUF-FUS'ED, (suf-fuzd') pp. Overspread, as with a fluid 

SUF-Fu'SION, n. [F. ; L. suffusio.] 1. The act or opera 
tion of overspreading, as with a fluid. 2. The state ot 
being suffused or spread over. 3. That which is suffused 
or spread over. 

SUG, ?(.. [L. suffo.] A kind of worm. TValton. - 

STJG'AR, (shug'ar) n. [Fr. swcre ,• Arm. smcj-,- Sp. azwcar, 
It. zucchero ; G. lucker ; D. suiker ; Dan. sokker, sukker , 
Sw. socker ,• VV. sugijr.] 1. A well-known substance man- 
ufactured chiefly from the sugar-cane, arundo saccharife- 
ra. 2. A chemical term ; as, the sugar of lead.. 

SUG'AR, (shug'ar) v. t. 1. To impregnate, season, cover, 
sprinkle or mix with sugar. 2. To sweeten. 

SUGAR of lead. Acetate of lead. 

SUG'AR-CAN-DY, (shug'ar-kan-dy) 71. [sugar and caridy.] 
Sugar clarified and concreted or crystalized, in which 
state it becomes transparent. 

SUG'AR-€ANE, n. [sugar and caiic.] The cane or plant 
from whose juice sugar is obtained. 

SUG'AR-HOUSE, 71. A building in which sugar is refined. 

SUG'AR-LoAF, n. A conical mass of refined sugar. 

SiJG'AR-MILL, n. A machine for pressing out the juice of 
the sugar-cane. 

SUG'AR-MITE, n. A winged insect ; lepisma. 

SijG'AR-PLUM, 71. [sugar aiiA plum.] A species of sweet- 
meat, in small balls. 

SUG'AR-Y, (shug'ar-y) a. 1. Tinctured or sweetened with 
sugar ; sweet ; tasting like sugar. 2. Fond of sugar, or 
of sweet things. 3. Containing sugar, .dsh. 4. Like 
sugar. Ash. 

SU-GES'CENT, a. [L. sugens.] Relating to sucking. Pa- 
ley. 

*SUG-GEST', V. t. [L. suggero, Siiggestus ; It. suggerirc ; 
Fr. suggerer.] 1. To hint; to intimate or mention in the 
first instance. 2. To offer to the mind or thoughts. 3. 
To seduce ; to draw to ill by insinuation ; [obs.] 4. To 
inform secretly ; [obs.] 

*SUG-6EST'ED,pp. Hinted; intimated. 

* SUG-GEST'ER, n. One that suggests. 

* SUG-GES'TION, 71. [Fr.; from suggest.] 1. A hint; a 
first intimation, proposal or mention. 2. Presentation of 
an idea to the mind. 3. Insinuation ; secret notification 
or incitement. — 4, In laio, information without oath. 

* SUG-GEST'IVE, a. Containing a hint or intimation. 
fSUG'GlL, V. t. [L. suggillo.] To defame. Parker. 

t SUG'GIL-ATE, v. t. [L. suggillo.] To beat black and 
blue. 

fSUG-GlL-A'TION, 71. A black and blue mark; a blow, 
a brujse. 

SO-I-Cl'DAL, a. Partkking of the crime of suicide. 

SU'I-CTDE, 7?. [Fr. ; 1a. suicidium.] 1. Self-murder; the act 
of designedly destroying one's own Iffe. 2. One guilty 
of self-murder ; a felo de se. 

t StJ'I-CISM, for suicide. 

fSUIL'LAGE, 71. [Fr.soMiZZag-c] Drain of filth. Wotton 

Su'ING, ppr. of sue. Prosecuting. 

t Su'ING, n. [F. suer ; L. sudo.] The process of soakmg 
through any thing. Bacon. 

Suit, n. [Norm, suit, or suyt ; Fr. suite.] 1. Consecution , 
succession ; series ; regular order ; [obs.] 2. A set ; a 
number of things used together, and in a degree necessary 
to be united, in order to answer the purpose. 3. A set of 
the same kind or stamp. 4. Retinue ; a company or num- 
ber of attendants or followers; attendance; train; as, a 
nobleman and his suit. [This is sometimes pronounced 
as a French word, sweet.] 5. A petition ; a seeking for 
something by petition or application. 6. Solicitation of a 
woman in marriage ; courtship. — 7. In law, an action ot 
process for the recovery of a right or claim ; legal applica 
tion to a court for justice ; prosecution of right before any 
tribunal. 8. Pursuit ; prosecution ; chase. 

Suit, v. t. To fit; to adapt ; to make proper. 2. To be- 



= See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK Do VE 3— BULL, UNITE.— 6 as K ; Cf as J ; S as Z j CH as SH ; TH as in tAw. f Ohsoleta 



StJL 



StJM 



come; to be fitted to. 3, To dress; to clothe. 4. To 
please ; to make content. 

Suit v. i. To agree ; to accord ; as, to suit with. Dryden. 

StJIT'A-BLE, a. 1. Fitting; according with ; agreeable to; 
proper ; becoming. 2. Adequate. 

StJIT'A-BLE-NESS^ n. Fitness ; propriety ; agreeableness ; 
a state of being adapted or accommodated. 

SuIT'A-BLY, adv. Fitly ; agreeably ; with propriety. 

* SUITE, ?i» Retinue. See Suit. 

SuIT'EDjpp. Fitted; adapted; pleased. 

SUIT'ING, ypr. Fitting ; according with ; becoming. 

SuIT'OR, n. 1. One that sues or prosecutes a demand of 
right in law, as a plaintiff, petitioner or appellant. 2. One 
who attends a court, whether plaintiff, defendant, peti- 
tioner, appellant, witness, juror and the like. 3. A peti- 
tioner; an applicant. 4. One who solicits a Woman in 
marriage ; a wooer ; a lover. 

StJIT'RESS, n. A female supplicant. Rowe. 

SUL'€ATE, \ a. [L. sulcus.] In botany, furrowed ; groov- 

SUL'€A-TED, \ ed. Ma'rtyn. . 

fSULK, t;. i. [Sax. solce7i.] To be sluggishly discontented ; 
to be silently sullen ; to be morose or tostinate. 

SULK'I-LY, adv. In the sulks ; morosely. Iron Chest. 

SULK'I-NESS, n. Sullenness ; sourness ; moroseness. 

SULK'Y, a. [Sax.solcen.] Sullen; sour; heavy ; obstinate ; 
morose. j3s. Res. 

SULK'Y, 71. A carriage for a single person. 

•fSULL, m. [Sax. sulh.] A plough. Jiinsworth, 

SUL'LA6E, n. [See Sulliage.] A drain of filth, or filth 
collected from the street or highway. Cyc. 

SUL'LEN, a. 1. Gloomily angry and silent; cross; sour; 
affected with ill humor. 2. Mischievous ; malignant. 3. 
Obstinate ; intractable. 4. Gloomy ; dark ; dismal. 5. 
Heavy ; dull ; sorrowful. 

t SUL'LEN, t). f. To' make sullen. Fellows. 

SUL'LEN-LY, adv. Gloomily; malignantly; intractably; 
with moroseness. Dryden. 

SUL'LEN-NESS, n. Ill nature with silence ; silent morose- 
ness ; gloominess; malignity; intractableness. 

tSUL'LENS, n.plu. A morose temper ; gloominess. 

fSUL'LT-AGE, 71. [Fr. souillag-e.] Foulness; filth. 

SUL'LIED, pp. Soiled ; tarnished ; stained. 

SUL'LY, V. t. [Fr. souiller.] 1. To soil ; to dirt ; to spot ; to 
tarnish. 2. To tarnish ; to darken. 3. To stain ; to tar- 
nish. 

SUL'LY, V. i. To be soiled or tarnished. Bacon. 

SUL'LY, n. Soil ; tarnish ; spot. Spectator. 

SUL'LY-ING, japr. Soiling; tarnishing; staining. 

SUL'PHATE, V. [from sulphur.] A neutral salt formed by 
sulphuric acid in combination with any base. 

SUL-PHAT'I€, a. Pertaining to sulphate. 

SUL'PHITE, 7u A salt or definite compound formed by a 
combination of sulphurous acid with a base. 

SUL'PHUR, 71. [L. , Fr. soufre ; It. zolfo ; D. solfer.] A sim- 
ple, combustible mineral substance, of a yelloVv color, 
brittle, insoluble in water, but fusible by heat. 

SUL'PHUR-ATE, a. [L. sulphuratus.] Belonging to sul- 
phur ; of the color of sulphur. [Little used.] More. 

SUL'PHUR-ATE, v. t. To combine with sulphur. 

SUL'PHUR- A-TED, pp. Combined with sulphur. 

SUL-PHUR-A'TION, n. 4.ct of dressing or anointing with 
sulphur. Bentley. 

SUL'PHuRE, ) n. A combination of sulphur with a me- 

SUL'PHU-RET, \ tallic, earthy or alkaline base. 

SUL-PHu'RE-OUS, a. Consisting of sulphur ; having the 
qualities of sulphur or brimstone ; impregnated with sul- 
phur. 

SUL-PHu'RE-OUS-LY, adv. In a sulphureous manner. 

SUL-PHu'RE-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being sulphure- 
ous. 

SUL'PHU-RET-ED, a. Applied to gaseous bodies holding 
sulphur in solution. 

SUL'PHUR-I€ or SUL-PHu'RI€, a. Pertaining to sulphur ; 
more strictly, designating an acid formed by sulphur satu- 
rated with oxygen. 

SUL'PHttR-OUS, a. Like sulphur ; containing sulphur ; also, 
designating an acid formed by sulphur subsaturated with 
oxygen. 

SUL'PHUR-WoRT, n. A plant, hog's fennel, of the genus 
peucedanum. 

SULPHUR-Y, a. Partaking of sulphur ; having the quali- 
ties cf sulphur. 

SUL'TAN, 71. [qu. Ch., Syr., Heb. ©Str to rule.] An ap- 
pellation given to the emperor of the Turks. 

SUL-Ta'NA, or SUL'TAN ESS, n. The queen of a sultan ; 
the empress of the Turks. Cleaveland. 

SUL'TAN-FLOW-ER, a. A plant, a species of centaur ea. 

SUL'TAN-RY, n. An eastern empire ; the dominions of a 
sultan. Bacon. 

SUL'TRI-NESS, n. The state of being sultry. 

SUL'TRY, a. [G. schwul ; Sax. swolath, swole.] I. Very 
hot, burning and oppressive. 2. Very hot and moist, or 
hot, close, stagnant and unelastic. 



SUM, n. [Fr. somme ,• G. summe ; D. som ; Dan. sum ; Sw , 
L. summa.] 1. The aggregate of two or more numbers, 
magnitudes, quantities or particulars ; the amount or 
whole of any number of individuals or particulars added. 
2. A quantity of money or cuiTency ; any amount, indef- 
initely. 3. Compendium ; abridgment ; the amount ; the 
substance. 4. Height; completion. 

SUM, V. t. 1. To add particulars into one whole ; to collect 
two or more particular numbers into one number ; to cast 
up. 2. To bring or collect into a small compass ; to com- 
prise in a few words ; to condens**. — 3. In falconry, to 
have feathers full grown ; [unusual.] 

SU'MAC, ) n, (shu'mak) [Fr. sumi ch ; G. sumach ; D>. 

Su'MACH, ) sumak.] A plant or shrub of the genus rhu-s^ 
of many species. 

SUM'LESS, a. Not to be computed ; of which the amount 
cannot be ascertained. Pope. 

SUM'MA-RI-LY, adv. 1. In a summary manner ; briefly ; 
concisely; in a narrow compass or in few Words. 2. In 
a short way ormetliod. Ayliffe. 

SUM'MA-RY, a. [Fr. sommaire.] Reduced into a narrow 
compass, or into few words ; short ; brief; concise ; com- 
pendious. 

SUM'MA-RY, n. An abridged account ; an abstract, abridg- 
ment or compendium, containing the sum or substance of 
a fuller account. 

SUMMED, pp. Collected into a total amount. 

SUM'MER, 7?. One who casts up an account. Sherwood. 

SUM'MER, 71. [Sax. sumer, sum or ; G., Dan. sommer ; D. 
zorner ; Sw. sommar.] With us, the season of the year 
comprehended in the months June, July and August; 
during which time the sun, being north of the equator, 
shines more directly upon this part of the earth, which, 
together with the increased length of the days, rendejs 
this the hottest period of the year. 

SUM'MER, V. i. To pass the summer or warm season. 

SUM'MER, V. t. To keep warm. [Little used.] Shak. 

SUM'MER, n. [Fr. sommier.] 1. A large stone, the finst 
that is laid over columns and pilasters, beginning to make 
a cross vault. 2. A large timber supported on two stone 
piers or posts, serving as a lintel to a door or window, &c. 
Cyc. 3. A large tnnber or beam laid as a central floor- 
timber, inserted into the girders, and receiving the ends 
of the joists and supporting them. 

SUM'MER-€oLT, n. The undulating state of the air near 
the surface of the ground when heated. 

SUM'MER-CY'PRESS, ji. A plant. 

SUM'MER-FAL'LoW, n. Naked fallow ; land lying bare 
of crops in summer. 

SUM'MER-FAL'LoW, v. t. To plough and work repeat- 
edly in summer, to prepare for wheat or other crop. 

SUM'MER-HOUSE, n. 1. A house or apartment in a garden 
to be used in summer. Pope. Watts. 2. A house forsum- 
mcr's rGsidBPcc 

^UM'MER-SET, n. [corruption of Fr. soubresaut.] A high 
leap in which the heels are thrown over the head. 

SUM'MER-WHeAT, 71. Spring wheat. 

SUM'MING, p;)r. of sum. Adding together. 

SUM'MIST, 71. One that forms an abridgment. [L. u.] 

SUM'MIT, 71. [L. summitas, from summus,] 1. The top ; 
the highest point. 2. The highest point or degree ; ut- 
most elevation. 

t SUM'MI-TY, 71. 1. The height or top of any thing. Swift. 
2. The utmost degree ; perfection. Halhjwell. 

SUM'MON, V. t. [L. suhmoneo ; Fr. sommer.] 1. To call, 
cite or notify by authority to appear at a place specified, 
or to attend in person to some public duty, or both. 2. To 
give notice to a person to appear in court and defend. 3. 
To call or command. 4. To call up ; to excite into action 
or exertion ; with up. 

SUM'MONED, pp. Admonished or warned by authority 
to appear or attend to something ; called or cited by an 
thority. 

SUM'MON-ER, n. One who summons or cites. 

SUM'MON-ING, ppr. Citing by authority. 

SUM'MONS, V. with a plural termination, but used in the 
singular number ; as, ?i summons is prepared. [1j. submo- 
neas.] 1. A call by authority or the command of a su- 
perior to appear at a place named, or to attend to some 
public duty,— 2. In law, a warning or citation to appear 
in court. 

SU-MOOM',7z. A pestilential wind of Persia. " See Simoom. 

SUMP, 77. 1. In metallurgy, a round pit of stone, lined with 
clay, for receiving the metal on its first fusion. 2. A pond 
of water reserved for salt-works. 3. A marsh ; a swamp ; 
a bog. Brockett. — 4. In mining, a pit sunk below the bot- 
tom of the mine. 

SUMP'TER, n. [Fr. sommier ; It. somaro.] A horse that 
carries clothes or furniture ; a baggage-horse. Shak. 

t SUMP'TION, n. [L. sumo, sumptus.] A taking. 

SUMPT'U-A-RY, a. [L. sumptuaritis ; Fr. somptuaire.] Re- 
lating to expense. — Sumptuary lav/s are such as limit the 
expenses of citizens in apparel, food, &c. 

t SUMPT-U-OS'I-TY, 71. Expensiveness ; costliness. 



* See Sympsis. A, S, T, O U, Y, long.— FAR, F^LL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



SUP 



809 



SUP 



i^UMPT'U-OUS, a. [ V. sumptuosus ; It. swnAuoso. \ Costly j 
expensive ; hence, splendid ; magnificent. 

SUMPT'U-OUS-LY, adv. Expensively ; splendidly. Swift. 

SUMPT'U-OU-S-NESS, n. 1. Costliness 3 expensiveness 
Boyle. 2. Splendor 3 magnificence. 

SUN, ?i. [Sax. sunna ; Goth, sunno ; G. sonne ; D. zon.] 1. 
The splendid orb or luminary which, being in or near the 
centre of our system of worlds, gives light and heat to all 
the planets. — 2. In popular usage, a sunny place ; a piace 
where tlie beams of the sun fall. 3. Any thing eminently 
splendid or luminous ; that which is the chief source of 
light or honor. — 4. In Scripture, Christ is called the Sun of 
righteousness, as the source of light, animation and com- 
fort to his disciples. 5. The luminary or orb which con- 
stitutes the centre of any system of worlds. — Under the 
sun, in the world ; on earth ; a proverbial expression. 

{SUN, V. t. To expose to the sun's rays ; to warm or dry in 
the light of the sun 3 to insolate. Dryden. 

SUN'BeAM, ?i. [swn and 6eam.] A ray of the sun. 

SUN'BeAT, a. [citvi and beat.'] Struck by the sun's rays 3 
shoue brightly on. Dryden. 

SUN'-BRIGHT, a. [sun and bright.} Bright as the sun 3 
like the sun in brightness. Milton. 

SUN'-BURN, ?;.«. Todiscoloror scorch by the sun. Oauden. 

SUN'-BURN-ING, n. The burning or tan occasioned by the 
rays of the sun on the skin. Boyle. 

SUN'BURNT, a. 1. Discolored by the heat or rays of the 
sun ; tanned 3 darkened in hue. Dryden. 2. Scorched by 
the sun's rays. 

SUN'GLAD, a. Clad in radiance or brightness. 

SUN'D AY, n. TSax. sunna-dag ; G.sonntag; B, zondag ; 
Dan.s'jndag j Sw.sSndag ; so called because this day 
was anciently dedicated to the sun, or to its worship.] 
TJie Christian Sabbath 3 the first day of the week. 

SUN'DER, V. f .^[Sax. sxindrian, syndrian ; G. sondem ; Dan. 
soiider ; Sw. sondra.] 1. To part 5 to separate 3 to divide 3 
to disunite in almost any manner, either by rending, cut- 
ting or breaking. 2. To expose to the sun 3 [provincial 
in England.] -, 

SUN'DER, 71. In sunder, in two. Ps. xlvi. 

SUN'DERED, pp. Separated 3 divided 3 parted. 

SUN'DER-ING,p?r. Parting ; separating. 

SUN'-DEW, n. A plant of the genus drosera. Lee. 

SUN'-Dl-AL, n. An instrument to show the time of day, 
by means of the shadow of a style on a plate. 

SUjN'DOWN, n. Sunset. TV. Irving. [^ word often used in 
the United States.] 

SUN'-DRlED, a. (sun and dry.] Dried in the rays of the 
sun, 

SUN'DRY, a. [Sax. sunder.] Several 3 divers 3 more than 
one or two. Drydtn. 

SUN'FISH, n. [sun and^sA.] 1. A name of the diodon, a 
genus of fishes, 2. The basking sljark. 

SUN'FLOW-ER, n. [sun and fioicer.] A plant 3 so called 
from its habit of turning to the sun. 

SUNG, ;)ret. and pp. of sin^. Pope, 

SUNK, prct. and pp. of sink. Prior. 

SUN'LESS, a. Destitute of the sun or its raj's 3 shaded. 

SUN'LlGHT, n. The light of the sun. Milton. 

SUN'LiKE, a. [sun and like.] Resembling the sun, 

SUN'NY, a. 1. Like tlie sun 3 bright. 2, Proceeding from 
the sun. Spender. 3. Exposed to the rays of the sun 3 
wanned by the direct rays of the sun. 4. Colored by the 
sun. 

SUN'PROOF, a. Impervious to the rays of the sun. 

SUN'RiSE, )n. [sun SLXid rise.] 1. The first appearance 

SUN'RiS-ING, ^ of the sun above the horizon in the 
morning 5 or the time of such appearance. 2. The east, 

SUN'SET, ) 71. [sun and set.] Thedescent of the sun 

SUN'SET-TING, \ below the horizon 3 or the time when 
the sun sets 3 evening. 

SUN'SHlNE, n. [sun and shine.] 1. The light of the sun, 
or the place where it shines 3 tlie direct rays of the sun, 
or tJie place where they fall. 2. A place warmed and il- 
luminated 5 warmth 5 illumination. 

SUN'SHTNE, )a. 1, Bright with the rays of the sun ; clear, 

SUN'SHlN-Y, i warm or pleasant, 2. Bright like the sun. 

SUP, v.t. [Sax. supan; B.zuipen; ¥r. souper.] To take 
into the mouth with the lips, as a liquid 3 to take or drink 
by a little at a time 3 to sip, 

SUP, v. i. To eat the evening meal. Tobit. 

\ SUP, V. t. To treat with supper. Shak. 

SUP, n. A small mouthful, as of liquor or broth 3 a little 
taken with the lips 5 a sip. 

StJ'PER, a Latin preposition, Gr. vntp, signifies above, over, 
excess. It is much used in composition. 

Su'PER-A-BLE, a. [L. superabilis.] That may be over- 
come or conquered. 

SuTER-A-BLE-NESS, n. Thequality of being conquerable 
or surmountable. 

StJ'PER-A-BLY, adv. So as may be overcome. 

SU-PER-A-BOUND', v. i. [super and aboimd.] To be very 
abundant or exuberant ; to be more than sufficient. 



SU-PER-A-BOUND'ING,ppr. Abounding beyond want cf 
necessity 3 abundant to excess or a great degree. 

SU-PER-A-BUND'ANCE, 71. More than enough ; excessive 
abundance. Woodward. 

SU-PER-A-BUND'ANT, a. Abounding to excess ; being 
more than is sufficient. Swift. 

SU-PER-A-BUND'ANT-LY, adv. More than sufficiently. 

SU-PER-A-CID'U-LA-TED, a. Acidulated to excess. 



SU-PER-ADD', V. t. [super and aad.] 1. To^dd over and 
s been added, 
nex something extrinsic. 



above 3 to add to what has been add 



2. To add or an 



SU-PER-ADD' ED, pp. Added over and above. 

SU-PER-ADD'ING, ppr. Adding over and above. 

SU-PER-AD-Dl' TION, n. I. The act of adding to some 
thing. 2. That which is added 

SU-PER-AD-VE'NI-ENT, a. [L. 5Mp£radwc7wen.?.] ]. Com- 
ing upon 5 coming to the increase or assistance of some- 
thing. More. 2. Coming unexpectedly 3 [little used.] 

SU-PER-AN-6EL'1C, a. Superior in natujse to the angels 

SU-PER-AN'NU-ATE, v. t. [L. super and annus, a year.] 
To impair or disqualify by old age and infirmity. 

t SU-PER-AN'NU-ATE, v. i. To last beyond the year. 

SU-PER-AN'NU-A-TED, pp. Impaired by old age. 

SU-PER-AN-NU-A'TION, 71. The state of being too old 
for office or business, or of being disqualified by old age, 

SU-PERB', a, [Fr. superbe ; L. superbus.] 1. Grand 3 mag- 
nificent. 2, Rich 5 elegant. 3. Showy 3 pompous. 4. 
Rich 5 splendid. 5. August ; stately. 

SU-PERB'-LIL-Y, n. A flower. 

SU-PERB'LY, adv. In a magnificent or splendid mamrer 5 
richly 3 elegantly. 

STJ-PER-€XR'GO, n. An officer or person in a merchant's 
ship, whose business is to manage the sales and superin- 
tend all the commercial concerns of the voyage. 

SU-PER-CE-LES'TIAL, a. [super and celestial.] Situated 
above the firmament or great vault of heaven. 

SU-PER-CHER'Y, n [An old word of French original.] 
Deceit 3 cheating. 

SU-PER-CILIA-RY, a [L. super and niium.] Situated or 
being above the eyebrow. As. Res. 

SU-PER-CIL'I-OUS, a. [L. superciliosus.] 1. Lofty with 
pride 3 haughty 5 dictatorial 5 overbearing. 2. Manifest- 
ing haughtiness, or proceeding from it 5 overbearing, 

SU-PER-CIL'I-OUS-LY, adv. Haughtily 5 dogmatically 3 
with an air of contempt. Clarendon. 

SU-PER-CIL'I-OUS-NESS, n. Haughtiness 3 an overbearing 
temper or manner. 

SU-PER-€ON-CEP'TION, n. [super and conception.] A 
conception after a former conception. Brown 

t SU-PER-€ON'SE-aUENCE, 71. Remote consequence. 

SU-PER-€RES'CENCE, n. rL. super and crescens.] That 
which grows upon another growing thing. Brown. 

SU-PER-CRES'CENT, a. Growing on some other growmg 
thing. Johnson. 

SU-PER-EM'I-NENCE, ) n. [L. super and emineo.] Emi- 

SU-PER-EM'I-NEN-CY, ) nence superior to what is com- 
mon 5 distinguished eminence. 

SU-PER-EM'I-NENT, a. Eminent in a superior degree 3 
surpassing othere in excellence. 

SU-PER-EM'I-NENT-LY, adv. In a superior degree of ex- 
cellence ; with unusual distinction. 

SU-PER-ER'0-GANT, a. Supererogatorv, which see. 

SU-PER-ER'O-GATE, v. i. [L. super and erogatio, erogo.] 
To do more than duty requires. [L. u.] Qlanville, 

SU-PER-ER-0-Ga'TION, 71, Performax.ce of more than 
dutv requires, Tillntson. 

* SU-PER-E-ROG'A-TiVE, a. Supererogatory. [L.u.] Staf- 
ford. 

* SU-PER-E-ROG'A-TO-RY, a. Performed to an extent not 

enjoined or not required by duty, Howell. 

SU-PER-ES-SEN'TIAL, a. [super and essential.] Essen- 
tial above others, or above the constitution of a thing. 

SU-PER-EX-ALT', v. t. To exalt to a superior degree. 

SU-PER-EX-AL-TA'TION, n. [super and exaltation.] Ele- 
vation above the common degree. Holiday. 

SU-PER-EX'CEL-LENCE, n. Superior excellence, 

SU-PER-EX'CEL-LENT, a. Excellent in an uncommon 
degree 5 very excellent. Decay of Piety. 

SU-PER-EX-CRES'CENCE, n. Something superfluously 
growing. Wiseman. 

SU-PER-FE-€UND'I-TY, n. Superabundant fecundity or 
multiplication of the species. Paley. 

SU-PER-Fk'TATE, v. I. [L. super and fcetus.] To conceive 
after a prior conception. Grew. 

STI-PER-FE-Ta'TION, 7). A second conception after a prior 
one, and before the birth of the first, by which two fetuses 
are growing at once in the same matrix, 

Su'PER-FETE, v. i. To superfetate, [L. u.] Howell. 

Su'PER-FETE, v. t. To conceive after a former conce^*- 
tion, [Little used.] Howell. 

Su'PER-FICE, 7». Superficies 5 surface, [Little used.] 

SU-PER -Fi"CIAL, a [It, superficiale ; Sp, superficial ; Ir. 
superficiel.] 1, Being on the surface 5 not penetrating l!,e 
substance of a thing. 2. Composing the surface or exte- 



* Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK,DoVE 3— BULL, UNITE.— € as K 5 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as iu i^is f Obsoltie 



SITP 



810 



SUP 



rior part. ;>. Shallow; contrived to cover something. 4. 
Shallow ; not deep or profound ; reaching or comprehend- 
ing only what is obvious or apparent. 

fc'U-PER-Fi-CI-AL'I-TY, n. The quality of being superficial. 
\JVot much used A Brown. 

SU-PFH-Ft'CIAL-LY, adv. 1. On the surface only. 2. 
f)i! ae surface or exterior part only ; without penetrating 
the substance or essence. 3. Without going deep or 
searching things to tlie bottom ; slightly. 

SU-PER-Fi"CIAL-NESS, n. 1. Shallowness ; position on 
the surface. 2. Slight knowledge ; shallowness of obser- 
vation or learning ; show without substance, 

KU-FER-FI"CIES, n. [L. from super and/acies.] The sur- 
fcts:^ ; the exterior part of a thing. — A superficies consists 
of length and breadth. 

* Su'PEil-FlNE, a. [super and fine.} Very fine or most fine ; 
surpassing others in fineness. 

SU-P£R'FLU-ENCE, «. [L. super and /uo.] Superfluity; 
more than is necessary. [Little used.] Hammond. 

SU-PER-FLU'I-TANCE, /t. [L. super and. fiuito.] The act 
of floating above or on the surface. [Little used.'] Brown. 

SU-PER-FLtJ'I-TANT, a. Floating above or on the surface. 
[Little used^] Brown. 

SU-PER-FLU'I-TY, n. [Fr. superfluite ; It. superfluitd : L. 
supei-fluitas.] 1. Superabundance ; a greater quantity than 
is wanted. 2. Something that is beyond wliat is wanted ; 
something rendered unnecessary by its al\undance. 

SU-PER'FLU-OUS, a. [L. supcrfiuus.] 1. More than is 
wanted ; rendered unnecessary by superabundance. 2. 
More than sufficient ; unnecessary ; useless ; as, a com- 
position abounding with superfluous words. 

SU-PER'FLU-OUS-LF, adv. With excess ; in a degree be- 
yond what is necessary. 

SU-PER'FLU-OUS-NESS, n. Tlie state of being superflu- 
ous or beyond what is wanted. 

SU'PER-FLUX, n. [L. super and fiuxus.] That which is 
more than is vt^anted. [Little used.] Shak. 

^SU-PER-FO-LI-A'TION, n. Excess of foliation. 

SU-PER-Hu'MAN, a. [super and human.] Above or be- 
yond what is_ human , divine. 

SU-PER-IM-PoSE', V. t. [super and impose.] To lay or im- 
pose on somej;hing else. Xirwan. 

SU-PER-IM-PoS'ED, (su-per-im-pozd') pp. Laid or imposed 
on something. Humboldt. 

SU-PER-IM-PoS'ING, ppr. Laving on something else. 

iSU-PER-IM-PO-Sl"TION, n. The act of laying or the state 
of being placed on something else. Kiruan. 

SU-PER-IM-PREG-Na'TION, n. The act of impregnating 
upon a prior impregnation ; impregnation when previously 
impregnated. 

SU-PER-IN-eUM'BENT, a. Lying on something else. 

BU-PER-IN-DuCE', v. t. [super and induce.] To bring in or 
upon as an addition to somethina. 

SU-PER-IN-DU'CED, (su-per-in-dusf) pp. Induced or 
brought uponsoraething. 

SU-PER-IN-DU'CING, ppr. Inducing on something else. 

SU-PER-IN-DU€'TION, n. The act of superinducing. 

SU-PER-IN-JE€'TION, n. [super and injection.] An injec- 
tion succeeding another. Diet. 

SU-PER-IN-SPEGT', v.t. To oversee; to superintend. 

SU-PER-IN-STI-TU'TION, n. One institution upon an- 
other. Bailey. 

SU-PER-IN-TEL-LE€T'U-AL, a. Being above intellect. 

SU-PER-IN-TEND', v. t. [super and intend.] To have or 
exercise the chprge and oversight of; to oversee with the 
power of direction ; to take care of with authoritv. 

SU-PER-IN-TEND'ED, pp. Overseen ; taken care of. 

SU-PER-IN-TEND'ENCE, ) n. The act of superintending ; 

RU-PER-IN-TEND'EN-CY, \ care and oversight for the 
purpose of direction, and with authority to direct. 

SL7-PER-IN-TEND'ENT, 71. 1 . One who has the oversight 
and charge of something, with tlie power of direction. 2 
An ecclesiastical superior in some reformed churches. 

SU-PER-IN-TEND'ENT, a. Overlooking others with au- 
thority. Stillinirflcet. 

SU-PER-IN-TEND'ING, ppr. Overseeing with the author- 
ity to du-ect what shall be done. 

SU-Pe'RI-OR, a. [L., Sp. , Fr. snpcrieur ; It. superiore.] 
1. Higher ; upper ; more elevated in place. 2. Higher in 
rank or office ; more exalted in dignity. 3. Higher or 
greater in excellence ; surpassing others in the greatness, 
goodness or value of any quality. 4. Being beyond the 
power or influence of; too great "or firm to be subdued or 
afl^ected by. — 5. In botany, a svperiorfloicer has the recep- 
tacle of the flower above the germ. 

SU-Pe'RI-OR, n. I. One who is more advanced in age. 2. 
One who is more elevated in rank or office. .3. One who 
surpasses others in dignity, excellence or qualities of any 
kind. 4. The chief of a inonasteri', convent or abbey. 

SU-PE-RI-OR'[-TY, n. Pre-eminence ; the quality of being 
more advanced, or higher, greater or more excellent than 
another in any respect. 

STT-PER-La'TION, 7(. {'ij. sn-perlatio.] Exaltation ot any 
thing beyond truth or propriety. B. Jonson. 



SU-PER'LA-TlVE, o. [Fr. superlatif; L. superlativus.] I 
Highest in degree ; most eminent ; surpassing all other* 
2. Supreme. — 3. In grammar, expressing the highest or 
utmost degree. 

SU-PER'LA-TlVE, n. In grammar, the superlative degree 
of adjectives. 

SU-PER'LA-TlVE-LY, adv. 1. In a manner expressing 
the utmost degree. 2. In the highest or utmost degree. 

SU-PER'LA-TlVE-NESS, n. The state of being in the 
highest degree. 

SU-PER-'Lu'NAR, ) a. [L. super and luna.] Being above 

SU-PER-Lu'NA-RY, \ the moon ; not sublunary or of this 
world. Pope. 

SU-PER-MUN'DANE, a. Being above the world. 

SU-PER-NA€'U-LUM, n [super, and Germ, nagel.] Good 
liquor, of which there is not even a drop left sufficient to 
wet one's nail. Grose. 

SU-PERIV'AL, «. [li. supernus.] 1. Bern g in a higher place 
or region ; locally higher. 2. Relating to things above 3 
celestial ; heavenly. Milton. 

SU-PER-Na'TANT, a. [L.supernatans,supernatO.'] Swim 
ming above : floating on the surface. Boyle. 

SU-PER-NA-Ta'TION, n. The act of floating on the sur- 
face of a fluid. Bacon. 

SU-PER-NAT U-RAL, a. [super and natural.] Being be- 
yond or exceeding the powers cr laws of nature j miracu- 
lous. 

SU-PER-NAT'U-RAL-LY, adv. In a manner exceeding the 
established course or laws of nature. 

SU-PER-NAT'U-RAL-NESS, n. The state or quality of 
being beyond the power or ordinary laws of nature. 

SLT-PER-NtJ'MER-A-RY, a. [Fr. sup ernumer aire.] 1. Ex- 
ceeding the number stated or prescribed. 2. Exceeding a 
necessary, a usual or a round number. Jlddison. 

SU-PER-NtJ'MER-A-RY, n. A person or thing beyond the 
number stated, or beyond what is necessary or usual. 

SU-PER-PAR-TI€'U-LAR, a. [super a.nA particular.] Not- 
ing a ratio when the excess of the greater term is a unit. 

SU-PER-PAR'TIENT, a. Noting a ratio when the excess of 
the greater term is more than a unit. 

t Su'PER-PLANT, 7!. [super and plant.] A plant growing 
on another plant, as the misletoe. Bacon. 

SU-PER-PLUS'AGE, n. [1j. super a.ni plus.] That which is 
more than enoueh ; excess. Fell. 

t SU-PER-PON'DER-ATE, v. t. To weigh over and above. 

SU-PER-PoSE', V. t. [super, and Yt. poser.] To lay upon, 
as one kind of rock on another. 

SCJ-PER-POS'ED, (su-per-pozd') pp. Laid or being upon 
something. Humboldt. 

SU-PER-PoS'lNG, ;);>r. Placing upon something. 

SU-PER-PO-Sl"TION, 71. 1. A placing above; a lying or 
being situated above or upon something. 2. That which 
is situated above or upon something else. 

StJ'PER-PRAlSE, V. t. To praise to excess. 

SU-PER-PRO-PoR'TION, n. Overplus of proportion. 

SU-PER-PUR-Ga'TION, 71. [super and purgation.] More 
purgation tlian is sufficient. Wiseman. 

SU-PER-RE-FLE€'TI0N, n. [super and reflection.] The 
reflection of an image reflected. Bacon. 

SU-PERRE-WARD', v. t. To reward to excess. Bacon. 

SU-PER-ROY'AL, a. [super and royal.] Larger than royal ; 
denoting the largest species of printing paper. 

SU-PER-Sa'LI-EN-CY, n. [L. super and salio.] The act of 
leaping on anv thing. [Little used.] Brown. 

SU-PER-Sa'LI-ENT, a. Leaping upon. 

SuTER-SALT, n. In chemistry, a salt with an excess of 
acid, as supertartrate of potash. Cyc. 

SU-PER-SAT'U-RATE, v. t [L. super and saturo.] To 
saturate to excess. Chemistry. 

SU-PER-SAT'U-RA-TED, pp. Saturated to excess. 

SU-PER-SAT'U-RA-TING, ppr. Saturating to excess. 

SU-PER-SAT-U-Ra'TION, n. The operation of saturating 
to excess ; or the state of being thus saturated. 

SU-PER-S€RlBE', v. t. [L. super and scribo.] To write or 
engrave on the top, outside or surface ; or to write the 
name or address of one on the outside or cover. 

SU-PER-S€RlB'ED, (su-per-skribd') ?!p. Inscribed on the 
outside. 

SU-PER-S€RlB'ING, ppr. Inscribing, writing or engraving 
on the outside, or on the top. 

SU-PER-SORIP'TION, n. 1. The act of superscribing. 2. 
That which is written or engraved on the outside. 3. An 
impreasion of letters on coins. Matt. xxii. 

SU-PER-SE€'U-LAR, ff. [super d^A secular.] Being above 
the world_or secular things. 

SU-PER-SeDE', 7J. t. [L. super sedco. ]' 1. To make void, 
inefficacious or useless by superior power, or by coming 
in the place of; to set aside ; to render unnecessary ; to 
suspend. 2. To come or be placed in the room of; hence, 
to displac_e or render unnecessary. 

SU-PER-Se'DE-AS, 71. In law, a wnX oi supersedeas is a 
writ or command to suspend the powers of an officer in 
certain cases, or to stay proceedings. 



See Synopds. A, E, T, O, U, Y, long.—T^AR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY j— PlN, MARINE, BtRD;— j Obsolete. 



SUP 



;ii 



&UP 



SU-PKR-SeD'ED, pp. Made void ; rendered unnecessary 
or inefficacious ; displaced ; suspended. 

SU PER-SeD'ING, ppr. Coming in the place of; setting 
aside ; rendering useless ; displacing ; suspending. 

SU-PER-SEIKURE, n. The act of superseding; as, the 
«iper5ei«re of trial by jury. [JVew.] Hamilton, Fed. 

tSU-PER-SERV'iCE-A-BLE, a. [super and serviceable.] 
Over-officious ; doing more than is required or desired. 
Share. 

SU-PER-STi"TIO]\, n. [Fr.; L. superstitio.] 1. Excessive 
exactness or rigor in religious opinions or practice ; ex- 
cess or extraveigance in religion ; the doing of things not 
required by God, or abstaining from things not forbidden ; 
or the belief of what is absurd , or belief without evidence. 
2. False religion ; false worship. 3. Rite or practice pro- 
ceeding from excess of scruples in religion. 4. Excessive 
nicety ; scrupulous exactness, 5. Belief in the direct 
agency of superior powers in certain extraordinary or 
singular events, or in omens and prognostics. 

SU-P£R-STl"T10N-IST, n. One addicted to superstition. 

SU-PER-STl''TIOUS, a. [Fr. superstitieux ; L. supersti- 
tivi:.ts.] 1. Over-scrupulous and rigid in religious obser- 
vances ; addicted to superstition ; full of idle fancies and 
scruples in regard to religion. 2. Proceeding from super- 
stition ; manifesting superstition. 3. Over-exact ; scrupu- 
lous beyond need. 

6U-PER-rfTi"T10US-LY, adv. 1. In a superstitious man- 
ner. 2. With too much care ; with excessive exactness 
or scruple. 3. With extreme credulity in regard to the 
agency of superior beings in extraordinary events. 

Sij-P£a-STl"TIOUS-NESS, n. Superstition. 

BU-PER-STRaIN', v. t. To overstrain or stretch. [Little 
used.] Bacon. 

SU-PER-STRa'TUM, 71. [super and stratum.] A stratum 
or layer above anotlier, or resting on something else. 

SU-PER-STRU€T', v. t. [L. sup^struo.] To build upon ; 
to erect. [Little tised.] Decay of Piety. 

SU-PER-STRU€'TI0N, n. An edifice erected on some- 
thing. 

.Srj-PER-STRU€T'rVE, a. Built on something else. 

yCr-PER-STRU€T'URE, n. 1. Any structure or edifice 
built on something else; particularly, the building raised 
oil a foundation. 2. Any thing erected on a foundation or 
basis. 

SU-PER-SUB-STAN'TIAL, a. [super and substantial.] 
^lore than substantial ; being more than substance. Cyc. 

STJ-PER-SUB'TLB, (su-per-sut'tl) a. Over-subtle. Shak. 

SU-PER-SUL'PHATE, n. Sulphate with an excess of acid. 

yL'-PER-SUL'PHU-RET-ED, a. Combined with an excess 
of sulphur. Aikin. 

SU-PER-TER-ReNE', a. [sniper a.ni terrene.] Being above 
around, or above the earth. Hill. 

SU-PER-TER-RES'TRI-AL, a. Being above the earth, or 
above what belongs to the earth. Buckminster. 

SU-PER-TON'I€, 71. In music, the note next above the 
key-note. Busby. 

SU-PER-TRA6'I-€AL, a. Tragical to excess. Warton. 

SU-PER-VA-€a'NE-OUS, a. [L. supercacaneus.] Super- 
fluous ; unnecessary ; needless ; serving no purpose. 

SU-PER-VA-Ca'NE-OUS-LY, adv. Needlessly. 

SU-PER-VA-€a'NE-OUS-NESS, 71. Needlessness. Bailey. 

SU-PER-VeNE', v. i. [L. supervenio.] 1. To come upon as 
something extraneous. 2. To come upon ; to happen to. 

SU-PER-Ve'NI-ENT, a. Coming upon as something addi- 
tional or extraneous. Hammond. 

SU-PER-VEN'TION, 71. The act of supervening. 

SU-PER-Vl'SAL, I n. The act of overseeing ; inspection ; 

SU-PER-Vi';;SION, ] superintendence. 

t SU-PER-yiSE', 71. Inspection. Shak. 

SU-PER-VlSE% V. t. [L. super and visus.] To oversee ; to 
superintend ; to inspect. 

SU-PER-Vi'SED, (su-per-vizd') pp. Inspected. 

SU-PER-ViS'ING, 2>pr. Overseeing; inspecting. 

SU-PER-Vl'SOR, 71. An overseer ; an inspector ; a super- 
intendent^. Dryden. 

SU-PER-ViVE', V. t. [L. super and vivo.] To live beyond ; 
to outlive. [Little u^ed.] See Survive. 

SU-PI-Na'TION, 71. [L. s7ipino.] 1. The act of lying or 
state of being laid with the face upward. 2. The act of 
turningtne palm of the hand upwards. 

SU-PI-Na'TOR, 7!. In anatomy, a muscle that turns the 
palm of the hand upward. 

SU-PiXE', a. [L. supimis.] 1. Lying on the back, or with 
the face upward; opposed to prone. 2. Leaning back- 
ward ; or inclining with exposure to the sun. 3. Negli- 
gent ; heedless ; indolent ; thoughtless ; inattentive. 

SU'PINE, n. [L. supinum.] In srammar, a word formed 
from a verb, or a modification of a verb. 

SU-PINE'LY, adv. 1. With the face upward. 2. Careless- 
ly ; indolently : drowsily ; in a heedless, thoughtless state. 

SU-PINE'NESS, n. 1. A lying with the face "upward. 2. 
Indolence ; drowsiness ; heedlessness. 

fSU-PIN'I-TY, for supineness. 

TSUP'PAGE, 71. What may be supped ; pottage. Hooker. 



jSUP-PAL-PA'TlON, n. [L. snppalpor.] The act of en 

ticing by soft words. Hall. 
t SUP-PAR-AS-I-Ta'TION, 71. [L. suiTurasitM-.j The act 

of flattering merely to gain favor. Hall. 
SUP-PAR' A-SITE, v. t. [L. supparasitor.] To flatter ; to 

cajole. Dr. Clarke. 
SUP-PE-Da'NE-OUS, a. [L. svM and pes.] Being under the 

feet. Brown. 
t SUP-PED'I-TATE, v. t. [L. suppedito.] To supply. 
SUP-PED-I-Ta'TION, 71. [L. suppeditatio.] Supply ; aid 

aflbrded. [Little v^ed.] Bacon. 
SUP'PER, n. [Fr. souper.] The evening meal. 
SUP'PER-LESS, a. Wanting supper; being without sup- 
per. 
SUP-PLANT', V. t. [Fr. si^pplanter ; L. supplanto.] 1. To 

trip up the heels. 2. To remove or displace by stratagem ; 

or to displace and take the place of. 3. To overthrow ; to 

undermine. 
SUP-PLAN-Ta'TION, n The act of supplanting. 
SUP-PLANT'ED, pp. Tripped up ; displaced. 
SUP-PLANT'FK, n. One that supplants. 
SUP-PLANT'ING, pvr. I iisplacing by artifice. 
SLT'PLE, a. [Fr. soiiple.] 1. Pliant ; flexible ; easily bent , 

as, supple joints. 2. Yielding ; compliant ; not obstinate 

3. Bending to the humor of others ; flattering ; fawning 

4. That makes pliant. Shak. 

SUP'PLE, V. t. 1. To make soft and pliant ; to render flex 
ible. 2. To make compliant. 

SUP'PLE, V. i. To become soft and pliant. Dryden. 

SUP'PLED, pp. Made soft and pliant ; made compliant. 

SUP'PLE-LY, adv. Softly ; pliantly ; mildly. Cotgrdve. 

SUP'PLe-MENT, 71. [Fr.; L. supplementum.] 1. An addi- 
tion to any thing by which its defects are supplied, and it 
is made more full and complete. 2. Store ; supplv ; [obs.] 
— 3. In trigonomdry, the quantity by which an arc or an 
angle falls short of 180 degrees or a semicircle. 

SUP-PLe-MENT'AL, ) a. Additional ; added to supply 

SUP-PLe-MENT'A-RY, \ what is wanted. 

SUP'PLE-NESS, n. 1. Pliancy; pliableness ; flexibility; 
the quality of being easily bent. 2. Readiness of compli- 
ance ; _the quality of easily yielding ; facility. 

SUP'PLe-TO-RY, a. [from L. suppleo.] Supplying defi- 
ciencies. Blackstone. 

SUP'PLe-TO-RY, n. That which is to supply what is 
wanted. Hammond. 

fSUP-PLI'AL, 7!. The act of supplying. Warburton. ■ 

fSUP-PLl'ANCE, 7J. Continuance. Shak. 

SUP'PLI-ANT, a. [Fr.] 1. Entreating ; beseeching ; sup- 
plicating ; asking earnestly and submissively. 2. Mani- 
festing entreaty ; expressive of humble supplication. 

SUP'PLI-ANT, 7(. A humble petitioner; one who entreats 
submissively. Dryden. 

SUP'PLI-ANT-LY, adv. In a suppliant or submissive man- 
ner. 

SUP'PLI-€ANT, a. [L. supplicans.] Entreating; asking 
submissively. Bp. Bull. 

SUP PLI-CANT, n. One that entreats ; a petitioner who 
asks earnestly and submissively. Rogers 

SUP'PLI-€ATE, V. t. [L. siipplico.] 1. To entreat for; to 
seek by earnest prayer. 2. To address in prayer. 

SUP'PLI-€ATE, v. i. To entreat ; to beseech ; to implore ; 
to petition with earnestness and submission. 

SUJ>-PL1-€a'TI0N, 7!. [Fr.; h. s2ipplicatio.] 1. Entreaty; 
humble and earnest prayer in worship. 2. Petition ; 
earnest request. — 3. In Roman antiquity, a religious so- 
lemnity observed in consequence of some military suc- 

SUP'PLI-€A-T0-RY, a. Containing supplication; hum- 
ble ; submissive. Johnson. 

SUP-PLl'ED, (sup-plide ) pp. [from supply.] Fully furnish- 
ed ; having a sufficiencv. 

SUP-PLrER, 71. He that'supplies. 

SLT-PLY', v. t. [L. suppleo : Fr. suppleer ; Sp. s^ipUr , 
It. supplire.] 1. lo fill up, as any deficiency happens ; to 
furnish what is wanted ; to aflbrd or furnish a sutficiency. 
2. To serve instead of. 3. To give ; to bring or furnish. 
4. To fill vacant room. 5. To fill. — 6. In general, to fur- 
nish ; to give or afford what is wanted. 

SUP-PLY', /(. Sufficiency for wants given or furnished. 

SUP-PLY'ING, ppr. Yielding or furnishing what is wanted , 
affording a sufficiency 

t SUP-PLY'MENT, ?'. A furnishing. Shak. 

SUP-PoRT', V. t. [Fr. supporter ; It. sopportare ; L. sup- 
purto.] 1. To bear ; to sustain ; to uphold. 2. To endure 
without being overcome. 3. To bear ; to endure. 4. To 
sustain ; to keep from fainting or sinking. 5. To sustain ; 
to act or represent well. 6. To bear ; to supply funds for 
or the means of continuing. 7. To sustain ; ta carry on 
8. To maintain with provisions and the necessary means 
of living. 9. To maintain ; to sustain ; to keep from 
failing. 10. To sustain without change or dissolution. 
11. To bear ; to keep fiom sinking. 12. To bear without 
being exhausted ; to be able to pay. 13. To sustain; to 
maintain. 14. To maintain ; to verify ; to make good ; to 



' See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— P-I. LL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SlI ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



SUP 



S12 



StJR 



sJibslauJiiile. 15. To uphold by aid or countenance. 16. 
To vinuicsite ; to maintain ; to defend successfully. 

SUP-PORT', n. 1. The act or operation of upholding or sus- 
taining. 2. That which upholds, sustains or keeps from 
falling, as a prop, a pillar^ a foundation of any kind. 3. 
"i'hat which maintains life. 4. Maintenance 3 subsist- 
ence. 5. Maintenance ; an upholding ; continuance in 
any state, or preservation from failing, sinking or failing. 
— 6. In general, the maintenance or sustaining of any 
thing without suffering it to fail, decline or languish. 7. 
Thai which upholds or relieves 3 aid ; help ; succor ; as- 
sistance. 

SUP-PoRT'A-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. That may be upheld or sus- 
tained 2. That may be borne or endured. 3. Tolerable ; 
that may be borne without resistance or punishment. 4. 
That can be maintained. 

STiP-FoRT'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being tolerable. 

t SUP-PoRT'ANCE, 7t. Maintenance ; support. 

t SUP-PORT -A 'TION, 71. Maintenance 5 support. 

SUP-PoRT'ED, pp. Borne ; endured ; upheld ; maintained ; 
subsisted ; sustained ; carried on. 

SUP-PoRT'ER, n. 1. One that supports or maintains. 2. 
That which supports or upholds ; a prop, a pillar, &c. 3. 
Asustamer^ a comforter. 4. Amaintainer3 a defender. 
5. One who maintains or helps to carry on. 6. An advo- 
cate ; a defender ; a vindicator. 7. An adherent ; one 
who takes part. — 8. -In skip-bmlding, a knee placed under 
tJie cat-head.— 9. Supporters, in heraldry, are figures of 
beasts that appear to support the arms. Johnson. 

t SUP-PoRT'FUL, a. Abounding with support. 

SUP-PoRT'ING, ppr. Bearing ; enduring ; upholding 3 
sustaining 3 maintaining 3 subsisting 3 vindicating. 

SUP-PoRT'LESS, a. Having no support. 

t SUP-PoRT'MENT, n. Support. Wotton. 

SUP-PO'SA-BLE, a. [from suppose.] That may be suppo- 
sed 3 that may be imagined to exist. 

f SUP-Po'SAL, n. [from suppose.] Position without proof 3 
the imagining of something to exist 3 supposition. 

SUP-PoSE', V. t. [Fr. supposer ; L. suppositus.] 1. To lay 
down or state as a proposition or fact that may exist or be 
true, tlioiish not known or believed to be true or to exist 3 
or to imiii'ine or admit to exist, for the sake of argument 
or illustration. 2. To imagine 3 to believe 3 to receive as 
true. 3. To imagine 3 to thmk. 4. To require to exist or 
be true. 5. To put one thing by fraud in the place of 
anothej 3 [obs.] 

t PUP-PoSE', n. Supposition 5 position without proof. • 

SUP-PoS'ED, (sup-pozd') pp. Laid down or imagined as 
true 3_ imagined 3 believed 3 received as true. 

SUP-PoS'ER, 71. One who supposes. Sliak. 

SUP-PoS'IiVG, ppr. Laying down or imagining to exist or 
be true 3 imagining ; receiving as true. 

SUP-PO-Si 'TION, n. 1. The act of laying down, imagin- 
ing or admitting as true or existing, what is known not 
to be true, or what is not proved. 2. Tlae position of 
something Icnown not to be true or not proved 3 hypothe- 
sis. 3. Imagination 3 belief without full evidence. 

PUP-PO-Sl"T[ON-AL, a. Hypothetical. South. 

SUP-POS-I-Tl"TIOUS, a. [L. supposititius.] Put by trick 
in tlie place belonging to another 5 not genuine. 

SUP-POS-I-Tl"TIOUS-LY, adv. By supposition. Sir T. 
Herbert. 

SUP-POS-r-Ti"TIOUS-NESS, 7i. The state of being sup- 
posititious. 

SUP-POS'I-TiVE, a. Supposed 3 including or implying 
supposition. Chilling id or th. 

SUP-POS'I-TiVE, n. A word denoting or implying suppo- 
.sition. Harris. 

SUP-POS'I-TIVE-LY, adv. With, by or upon supposition. 

SUP-POS'l-TO-RY, 71. [Fr. sappositoire.] In medicine, a 
long cylindrical body introduced into tJie rectum to pro- 
cure stools when clysters cannot be administered. 

SUP-PRESS', 7). t. [L. suppressus.] 1. To overpower and 
crush J to subdue 5 to destroy. 2. To keep in 3 to restrain 
from utterance or vent. 3. To retain without disclosure 3 
to conceal 5 not to tell or reveal. 4. To retain without 
communication or making public. 5. To stifle 3 to stop 3 
to hinder from circulation. 6. To stop 5 to restrain 3 to 
obstruct from discharges. 

SUP- PRESSED, (sup-presf) -pp. Crushed 3 destroyed 5 re- 
tained 3 concealed 3 stopped 3 obstructed. 

SUP-PRESS'ING, ppr. Subduing 3 destroying 3 retaining 
closely 5 concealing ; obstructing. 

SUP-PRES'SIO\, V. [Fr.5 L. supprcssio.] 1. The act of 
suppressing, crushing or destroying. 2. The act of re- 
taining from utterance, vent or disclosure 3 concealment. 
3. The retaining of any thing from public notice. 4. The 
stoppage, obstruction or morbid retention of discharges. — 
5. In grammar or composition, omission. 

SUP-PRESS'lVE, a. Tending to suppress 3 subduing 3 con- 
cealing. Seward. 

SUP-PRESS'OR, 71. One that suppresses 3 one that subdues 3 
one that prevents utterance or disclosure. 

SUP PU-RATE, V. i. [L. suppuro.] To generate pus. 



SUP'PU-RATE, V. t. To cause to suppurate Afbutknot. 
SUP'FJ-RA-TING, ppr. Generating pus. 

SUP-PU-Ra'TION, n. [Fr.3 L. suppiiratio.'. 1 The process 
of generating purulent matter, or of formmg pus. as m a 
wound or abscess. 2. The matter generated by suppura- 
tion. 

SUP'PU-RA-TlVE, a. [Fr. suppuratif.] Tending to sup- 
purate 3 promoting suppuration. 

SUP'PU-RA-TIV£, n. A medicine that promotes suppura- 
tion. 

SUP-PU-Ta'TION, 71. [L. supputatio.] Reckoning; ac- 
count 3_ computation Holder. 

t SUP-PuTE', V. t. [L. supputo.] To reckon ; to compute. 

Su'PRA, a Latin preposition, signifying above, over or be- 
yond. 

SU-PRA-AX'IL-LA-RY, a. [supra and axil.] In botany, 
growing above the axil 3 inserted above the axil. 

SU-PRA-CIL'IA-RY, a. [L. supra and cilium.] Situated 
above the eyebrow. Ure. 

SU-PRA-DE-eOM'POUND, a. [supra and decompound.] 
More than decompound 3 thrice compound. 

SU-PRA-FO-LI-a'OEOUS, a. [L. sujyra ani folium.] In 
botany, inserted into the stem above the leaf or petiole, or 
axil. 

SU-PRA-LAP-Sa'RI-AN, I a. [L. supra and lapsus.] An 

SU-PRA-LAP'SA-RY, \ tecedent to the apostasy of 
Adam. 

SU-PRA-LAP-Sa'RI-AN, n. One who maintains that God, 
antecedent to the fall of man or any knowledge of it, de- 
creed the apostasy and all its consequences, determining 
to save some and condemn others, and that in all he does 
he considers his own glory only. 

SU-PRA-MUN'DANE, a. [L. supra and mwidus.] Being or 
situated above the world or above our system. 

SU-PRA-ORB'I-TAL, a. [supra and orbit.] Being above 
the orbit of the eye. 

SU-PRA-Re'NAL, a. [L. supra and ren, renes.] Situated 
above tiie kidneys. 

SU-PRA-SOAP'U-LA-RY, a. [L. supra and scapula.] Be- 
ing above the scapula. 

SU-PRA-VUL'GAR, a. [supra and vulgar.] Being above 
the vulgar or common people. Collier. 

SU-PREM'A-CY, n. State of being supreme or in the 
highejt station of power 3 highest authority or power. 

SU-PReME', a. [L. supremus ; Fr. supreme.] 1. Highest in 
authority 3 holding the highest place in government or 
power. 2. Highest, greatest or most excellent. 3. It is 
sometimes used in a bad sense. 

SU-PReME'LY, a<^w. 1. With the highest authority. 2. in 
the highest degree 5 to the utmost extent. 

SUR, a prefix, from the French, contracted from L. super, 
supra, sisnifies over, above^ beyond, upon. 

t SUR-AD-Dl"TION, n. [Fr. sur and addition.] Some- 
_thing added to the name. Shak. 

Su'RAL, a. [L. sura.] Being in or pertaining to the calf of 
the leg 5 as the sural artery. Wiseman. 

fSU'RANCE, for assurance. Shak. 

SUR'BASE, n. A border or molding above the base. 

SUR'BaSED, a. Having a surbase. 

SUR-BaTE', v. t. [It. sobattere.] 1. To bruise or batter the 
feet by travel. 2. To harass 3 to fatigue. 

SUR-BaT'ED, pp. Bruised in the feet 3 harassed 3 fatigued. 

SUR-B^T'ING, japr. Bruising the feet of 3 fatiguing. 

fSUR-BEAT', or SUR-BET', for surbate. 

SUR-BED', 7'. t. To set edgewise, as a stone 5 that is, in a 
position different from that which it had in the quarry. 

SUR-CeASE', v. i. [Fr. sur and cesser.] 1. To cease 3 to 
stop 3 to be at an end. 2. To leave ofi"3 to practice no 
longer ; to refrain finally 5 [a word nearly obsolete.] Harte, 

fSUR-CEASE', 75. t. To stop 3 to cause to cease. 

jsUR-CiSASE', 71. Cessation 3 stop. 

SUR-CHAR6E', V. t. [Fr. surcharser.] 1. To overload 3 to 
overburden. — 2. In laic, to overstock 3 to put more cattle 
into a common than the person iias a right to do, or more 
tlian the herbage will sustain. 

SUR-CHaRGE, 71. An excessive load or burden 3 a load 
greater than can be well borne. Bacon. 

SUR-CHARG'ED, (sur-charjd') pp. Overloaded 3 over- 
stocked. 

SUR-CHARG'ER, n. One that overloads or overstocks. 

SUR-CHARG'ING, ppr. Overloading 3 burdening to excess 3 
overstocking witn cattle or beasts. 

SURCIN-GLE, 71. [Fr. sur, and L. cingulum.] 1. A belt, 
band or girth which passes over a saddle, or over any 
thing laid on a horse's back, to bind it fast. 2. The girdle 
of a cassoc. 

SUR'CIN-GLED, a. Ght 3 bound with a surcingle. 

SUR 'CLE, 71, [L. surculus.] A little shoot 3 a twig 3 a 
sucker. 

SUR'CoAT, n. [Fr. sur, and Eng. coat.] A short coat worn 
over the other clothes. Camden. 

t SUR'CREW, 77. Additional crew or collection. 

t SUR'CU-LATE, v. t. [L. surculo.] To prune. 

t SUR-€U-La'TION, 71. The act of pruning Brown. 



s. A, E, T, 5, V, -V, long.—FA^, FALL, WHAT 5— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BlRD -,- t Obsolete 



SUR 



813 



SUR 



SURD, a. \Li. surdus.'] 1. Deaf; not having the sense of 
hearing ; [oJs.] 2. Unheard ; {ohs.'\ 3. Designating a 
quantity whose root cannot be exactly expressed in num- 
bers. 

SURD, n. In algebra, a quantity whose root cannot be ex- 
actly expressed in numbers. 

t SURD'I-TY, 11. Deafness. 

SURD'-NUM-BER, n. A number that is incommensurate 
with unity. 

.SURE, (shiire) a. [Fr. siir, seur ; Arm. sur; Norm, seor, 
seur.] 1. Certain; unfailing; infallible. 2. Certainly 
knowing, or having full confidence. 3. Certain ; safe ; 
firm ; permanent. 4. Firm ; stable ; steady ; not liable to 
failure, loss or change. 2 Sam. xxiii. JVeh. ix. 5. Certain 
of obtaining or of retaining. 6. Strong ; secure ; not lia- 
ble to be broken or disturbed. 7. Certain ; not liable to 
failure. — To be sure, or be sure, certainly. — To make sure, 
to make certain ; to secure so that there can be no failure 
of the purpose or object. 

SURE, (shure) adv. Certainly ; without doubt : doubtless. 

SURE-FOOT'ED, a. Not liable to stumble or fall. 

SuRE'Ll?,' (shure'ly) adv. 1. Certainly ; infallibly ; un- 
doubtedly. South. 2. Firmly ; without danger of falling. 

SuRE'NESS, (shure'nes) n. Certainty. [L. a.] V/oodward. 

SuRE'TI-SHIP, (shurete-ship) n. The state of being sure- 
ty ; tlie obligation of a person to answer for another. 

SuRE'TY, (shure'ty) n. [Fr. surete.] 1. Certainty ; indu- 
bitableness. 2. Security ; safety. 3. Foundation of sta- 
bility ; support. 4. Evidence ; ratification ; confirmation. 
5. Security against loss or damage ; security for payment. 
— 6. In law, one that is bound with and for another ; a 
bondsman ; a bail. 7. A hostage. 

SURF, 71. I. The swell of the sea which breaks upon the 
shore, or upon sand-banks or rocks. — 2. In agriculture, the 
bottom or conduit of a drain ; [local^ 

SUR'FACE, n. [Fr. sur and face.] The exterior part of 
any thing that has length and breadth ; one of the limits 
that terminates a solid ; the superficies ; outside. 

SURFEIT, (sur'fit) v. t. \¥x. sur y.nA fair e, fait.] 1. To 
feed with meat or drink so as to oppress the stomach and 
derange the functions of the system; to overfeed and pro- 
duce sickness or uneasiness. 2. To cloy ; to fill to satiety 
and disgust. 

SUR'FElT, V. i. To be fed till the system is oppressed, and 
sickness or uneasiness ensues. Shak. 

SUR'FElT, n. 1. Fullness and oppression of the system, 
occasioned by excessive eating and drinking. 2. Excess 
in eating and drinking. Shak. 

SUR'FEiT-ED, pp. Surcharged and oppressed with eating 
and drinking to excess ; cloyed. 

SUR'FEiT-ER, n. One who riots ; a glutton. Shak. 

SUR'FEiT-ING, ppr. Oppressing the system by excessive 
eating and drinking ; cloying ; filling to disgust. 

SUR'FEIT-ING, n. The act of feeding to excess ; gluttony. 

SUR'FElT-WA-TER, n. [surfeit and water.] Water for 
the cure of surfeits. Locke. 

SURGE, n. [L surgo, to rise.] 1. A large wave or billow ; 
a great rolling swell of water.— 2. In ship-building, the 
tapered part in front of the whelps, between the chocks 
of a capstan, on which the messenger may surge. 

SURGE, V. t. To let go a portion of a rope suddenly. 

SyRGE, V. i. i. To swell ; to rise high and roll, as waves. 
Spenser. 2. To slip back ; as, the cable surges. 

SURGE'LESS, (surj'les) a. Free from surges ; smooth ; 
calm. 

SUR'GEON, (sur'jun) n. [contracted from chirurgeon.] One 
whose profession or occupation is to cure external dis- 
eases or injuries of the body by manual operation or by 
medicines. 

SUR'GER-Y, n. The act of healing external diseases and 
injuries of the body by manual operation or by medi- 
cines. 

SUR'GI-€AL, a. Pertaining to surgeons or surgery ; done 
by means of surgery. 

SUR'GING, ppr. Swelling and rolling, as billows. 

SUR'GY, a. Rising in surges or billows ; full of surges. 

Su'RI-CATE, n. An animal like the ichneumon. 

SUR'LI-LY, adv. In a surly, morose manner. 

SUR'LI-NESS, 71. Gloomy moroseness ; crabbed ill-nature. 

t SUR'LING, n. A sour, morose fellow. Camden. 

SUR'LY, a. [W. swr.] 1. Gloomily morose ; crabbed ; 
snarling ; sternly soai ; rough ; cross and rude. 2. Rough ; 
dark; tempestuous. 

f SUR-Mi'SAL, n. Surmise. 

SUR-MlSE', V. t. [Norm, surmys, surmitter.] To suspect ; 
to imagine without certain knowledge ; to entertain 
thoughts that something does or will exist, but upon slight 
evidence. 

SUR-MlSE', n. Suspicion ; the thought or imagination that 
something may be, of which, however, there is no certain 
or strong evidence. 

SUR-MlS'ED, (sur-mlzd') pp. Suspected ; imagined upon 
slight evidence. 

SUR-MIS'ER, n. One who surmises. 



SUR-MiS'ING, ppr. Suspecting ; imagining upon slight 
evidence. 

SUR-MIS'ING, n. The act of suspecting; surmise. 

SUR-MOUNT', V. t. [Fr. surmouter.] 1. To rise above 
2. To conquer ; to overcome. 3. To surpass ; to exceed 

SUR-MOUNT'A-BEE, a. That may be overcome ; super- 
able. 

SUR-MOUNT'ED, pp. Overcome ; conquered ; surpassed 

SUR-MOUNT'ER, 7i. One that surmounts. 

SUR-MOUNT'ING, ppr. Rising above ; overcoming. 

SUR-MUL'LET, 7/.. A fish of the genus r/iuZZws. 

SUR'^MU-LOT, n. A name of the Norway rat. 

SURNAME, 7i. [Fr. surnom ; It. sopramiome ; Sp. sabre- 
iiombre ; L. super and nomen.] 1. An additional name ; a 
name or appellation added to the baptismal or Christian 
name, and which becomes a family name. 2. An appella- 
tion added to the original name. 

SUR-NaME', v. t. [Fr. surnommer.] To name or call by an 
appellation added to the original name. 

SUR-NaM'ED, (sur-namd') pp. Called by a name added to 
the Christian or original name. 

SUR-NaM'ING, ppr. Naming by an appellation added to 
the original name. 

SUR-OX'YD, 71. [sur and oxyd.] That which contains an 
addition of oxyd. [Little used.]' 

SUR-OX'Y-DATE, v. t. To form a suroxyd. [Little vsed.] 

SUR-PASS', v.t. [Fr. S2irpasser.] To exceed; to excel; 
to go beyond in any thing, good or bad. 

SUR-PaSS'A-BLE, a. That may he exceeded. Diet. 

SUR-PaSS'ED, (sur-pasf) pp. Exceeded ; excelled. 

SUR-PA&S'ING, ppr. 1. Exceeding ; going beyond. 2. a 
Excellent in an eminent degree ; exceeding others. 

SUR-PASS'ING-LY, adv. In a very excellent manner ; or 
ill a degree surpassing others. 

SUR'PLlCE, (sur'plis) n. [Fr. surplis ,■ Sp. sobrepelliz.] A 
white garment worn by clergymen of some denominations 
over their other dress, in their ministrations. 

SUR'PLICED, a. Wearing a surplice. Jilailet. 

SUR'PLiCE-FEES, n. [siirplice and fees.] Fees paid to 
the clergy for occasional duties. Warton. 

SUR'PLUS, 71. [Fr. sur and plus; Li.plus.] 1. Overplus ; that 
which remains when use is satisfied ; excess beyond whal 
is prescribed or wanted. — 2. In law, the residuum of an 
estate, after the debts and legacies are paid. 

* SUR-PLUS'AGE, n. 1. Surplus.— 2. In laze, something in 
the pleadings or proceedings not necessary or relevant tc 
the case, and which may be rejected. — 3. In accounts, a 
greater disbursement than the charge of the accountant 
amounts to. Ree^. 

SUR-PRl'SAL, (sur-pri'zal) n. The act of surprising or 
coming upon suddenly and unexpectedly ; or the state of 
being taken unawares. 

SUR-PRlSE', v. t. [Fr.] 1. To come or fall upon suddenly 
and unexpectedly ; to take unawares. 2. To strike with 
wonder or astonishment. 3. To confuse ; to throw the 
mind into disorder by something suddenly presented to 
the view or to the mind. 

SUR-PRlSE', 71. 1. The act of coming upon unawares, or 
of taking suddenly and without preparation. 2. The 
state of being taken unexpectedly. 3. An emotion ex- 
cited by something happening suddenly and unexpected- 
ly. 4,._ A dish with nothing in it ; [obs.] 

SUR-PRlS'ED, (sur-prizd') pp. Come upon or taken un- 
awares ; struck with something novel or unexpected. 

SUR-PRlS'ING, ppr. 1. Falling on or taking suddenly or 
unawares ; striking with something novel. 2. a. Exciting 
surprise ; extraordinary ; of a nature to excite wondei 
and astonishment. 

SUR-PRlS'ING-liY, adv. In a manner or degree that ex 
cites surprise. 

j SUR'Q,UED-RY, 71. [sur, and 'Norm. Fv. cuider.] Over- 
weening pride ; arrogance. Spenser. 

SUR-RE-BUT', V. i. [sitr and rebut.] In legal pleadings 
to reply, as a plaintiff, to a defendant's rebutter. 

SUR-RE-BUT'TER, n. The plaintiff's reply in pleading tc 
a defendant's rebutter. Blackstone. 

SUR-RE-JOIN', V. i. [sur and rejoin.] In legal pleadings, 
to reply, as a plaintiff to a defendant's rejoinder. 

SUR-RE-JOIN'DER, n. The answer of a plaintiff to a de- 
fendant's rejoinder. 

SUR-REN'DER, v. t. [Fr. sur and rendre.] 1. To yield to 
the power of another ; to give or deliver up possession 
upon compulsion oi demand. 2. To yield ; to give up ; 
to resign in favor of another. 3. To give up ; to resign. — 

4. In law, to yield an estate, as a tenant, into the hands 
of the lord for such purposes as are expressed in the act. 

5. To yield to any influence, passion or povvti. 
SUR-REN'DER, v. i. To yield ; to give up one's self into 

the power of another. 
SUR-REN'DER, n. 1. The act of yielding or resigning 
one's person or the possession of something into the 
power of another. 2. A yielding or giving up.— 3. In law, 
the yielding of an estate by a tenant to the lord for such 
purposes as are expressed by the tenant in the act. 



* See Synopsis MOVE, EOQK, Do VE ,— BULL, UNITE.— € as K , 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH : TH as in this, f ObsoIUe 



SUR 



814 



sus 



riUR RENDERED pp. Yielded or delivered to the power 
of aiiotlier ; given up ; resigned. 

SUK-REN-DER EE', n. In law, a person to whom the lord 
grants surrendered land ; the cestuy que use. 

SIJR-REN'DER-ING, ppr. Yielding or giving up to the 
power of another ; resigning. 

SUR-REN'DER-OR, n. The tenant who sunenders an 
estate into the hands of his lord. Blackstone. 

SUR-REN'DRY, n. A surrender. 

SUR-REP'TION, n. [L. surreptus,] A coming unperceiv- 
ed ; a stealing upon insensibly. [Little used.] 

SUR-REP-TI''TIOUS, a. [L. surreptitius.] Done by stealth 
or without proper authority ; made or introduced fraudu- 
lently. 

SUR-REP-TI"TIOUS-LY, adv. By stealth ; without au- 
thority ; fraudulently. 

SVR'RO-GATE, ». [L. surrogatus.] In a general sense, a 
deputy ; a delegate ; a substitute ; particularly, the deputy 



of an ecclesiastical judge. 
" . '}.t. To 

[Little used.] 



SUR'RO-GATE, 



put in the place of another. 



SUR-RO-Ga'TION, n. The act of substituting one person 
in the place of another. [Little used.] 

SUR-ROUND', V. t. [sur and round.] 1. To encompass ; to 
environ ; to inclose on all sides. 2. To lie or be on all 
sides of. 

SUR-ROUND'ED, pp. Encompassed ; inclosed ; beset. 

SUR-ROUND'ING, ppr. Encompassing ; inclosing. 

SUR-SOL'ID, n. [sur and solid, or surdesolid.] In mathe- 
m-tics, the fifth power of a number ; or the product of the 
f:aii;.h multiplication of a number considered as the root, 

SUR-SOL'ID, a. Denoting tlie fiftli power. — Sursolid prob- 
lem is that which cannot be resolved but by curves of a 
higher Kind than the conic sections. 

SUR-TOUT', 71. \Fi. sur-tout, ovtr all.] A man's coat to be 
worn over his other garments. 

SUR'TUR-BRAND, n. Fibrous brown coal or biiuminous 
woodj^so called in Iceland. Ure. 

SUR-VeNE', v. t. [Fr. survenir.] To supervene ; to come 
as an addiiion. [Little used.] Harvey. 

SUR-VEY', (sur-va') ■«. t. [Norm, surveer, surveoir.] 1. To 
inspect or take a view of; to view with attention, as from 
a high place. 2. To view with a scrutinizing eye ; to 
examine. 3. To examine with reference to condition, 
situation and value. 4. To measure, as land ; or to as- 
certain the contents of land by lines and angles. 5. To 
examine or ascertain the po?"tion and distances of objects 
on the shore of the sea, tiie depth of water, nature of the 
bottom, and v/hatever may be necessary to facilitate the 
navigation of the waters, and render the entrance into 
harbors, sounds and rivers easy and ^safe. 6. To examine 
and ascertain, as the boundaries and royalties of a manor, 
the tenure of the tenants, and the rent and value of the 
same. 7. To examine and ascertain, as the state of agri- 
culture. 

* SUR'VEY, n. [formerly accented on the last syllable.] 
1. An attentive view ; a look or looking with care. 2. A 
particular view ; an examination of all the parts or partic- 
ulars of a thing, with a design to ascertain the condition, 
quantity or quality. — 3. In the United States, a district for 
the collection of the customs, under the inspection and 
authority of a particular officer. 

SUR-VEY"' AL, 71. The same as survey. BarroTp. 

gUR-VEY'ED, (sur-vade') pp. Viewed with attention ; ex- 
amined ; measured. 

SUR-VEYTNG, ipr. Viewing with attention 5 examining 
particularly ; measuring. 

SUR-VEY ING, n. That branch of mathematics which 
teaches the art of measuring land. 

SUR-VEY'OR, 71. 1. An overseer ; one placed to superin- 
tend others. 2. One that views and examines for the 
purpose of ascertaining the condition, quantity or quality 
of any thing. 

SUR-VEY'OR-GEN ER-AL, n A principal surveyor. 

SUR-VEYOR-SHIP, n. The office of a surveyor. 

t SUR-VIEW, V. t. To survey. Spenser. 

t SUR'VIEW, n. Survey. 

t SUR-VlSE', V. t. [Fr. sur and viser.] To look over. B. 
Jonson. 

EUR-Vi'VAL, n. A living beyond the life of another per- 
son, thing or event ; an outliving. 

SUR-Vi'VANCE, n. Survivorship. [Litde used.] Hume. 

SUR-VlVE', V. t. [Fr. survivre ; It. aopravvivere ,• Sp. so- 
brevivir ; L. supervivo.] 1. To outlive ; to live beyond 
the life of another. 2. To outlive any thing else ; to live 
beyond any event. 

b'5jlt-VIVE\* v.i. To remain alive. Denham. 

SUR-Vi'VE?f-CY, n. A surviving ; survivorship. 

SUR-VIV'ER, n. One that outlives another. See Survivor. 

SUR-VrV'lNG, ppr. 1. Outliving; living beyond the life 
of another. 2. a. Remaining alive ; yet living. 

SUR-VlV'OR, n. 1. One who outlives another. — 2. In law, 
the longer liver of two joint tenants, or of any two per- 
sons who have a joint interest in any thing. 



SUR-VIV'OR-SHIP, n. 1. The state of outliving another 
— 2. In law, the right of a joint tenant, or other person 
who has a joint interest in an estate, to take the whole 
estate upon the death of the other. 

SUS-CEP-TI-BIL'I-TY, n. [from susceptible.] The quality 
of admitting or receiving either something additional, or 
some change, affection or passion. 

SUS-CEP'TI-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. suscipio.] 1. Capable of ad 
mitting any thing additional, or any change, affection or 
influence. 2. Tender; capable of impression 3 impressi- 
ble. 3. Having nice sensibility. 

SUS-CEP'TI-BLE-NESS, 71. Susceptibility, which see. 

SUS-CEP'TION, n. The act of taking. [L.u.] Ayliffe. 

SUS-CEP'TIVE, a. Capable of admitting ; readily admit- 
ting. 

SUS-CEP-TIV'I-TY, ri. Capacity of admitting. [L.u.] 

SUS-CEP'TOR, 71. [L.] One who undertakes ; a god- 
father. 

SUS-CIP'I-EN-CY, n. Reception ; admission. 

SUS-CIP'I-ENT, a. Receiving; admitting. 

SUS-CIP'I-ENT, n. One who takes or admits ; one that re 
ceives. Bp. Taylor. 

SUS'CI-TATE, V. t. [Fr. susciter ; L. suscito.] To rouse ; 
to excite ; to call into life and action. Brown. 

SUS-CI-Ta'TION, 71. The act of raising or exciting. 

SUS'LIK, 7?. A spotted animal of the rat kind. 

SUS-PECT', V. t. [L. suspectus.] 1. To mistrust; to im- 
agine or have a slight opinion that something exists, but 
without proof and often upon weak evidence or no evi- 
dence at all. 2. To imagine to be guilty, but upon slight 
evidence or without proof. 3. To hold to be uncertain ; 
to doubt ; to mistrust. 4. To hold to be doubtful. 5. To 
conjecture. 

SUS-PECT', V. i. To imagine guilt. Shak. 

SUS-PECT', a. Doubtful. [JVot muck used.] Olanville. 

t SUS-PECT', 71. Suspicion. Shak. 

SUS-PECT' A-BLE, a. That may be suspected. [L. u.] 

SUS-PECT'ED, pp. Imagined without proof ; mistrusted 

SUS-PECT'ED-LY, adv. So as to excite suspicion. 

SUS-PECT'ED-NESS, n. State of being suspected. 

SUS-PECT'ER, 71. One who suspects. 

SUS-PECT'FUL, a. Apt to suspect or mistrust. 

SUS-PECT'ING, ppr. Imagining without evidence; mis- 
trusting upon slight grounds. 

SUS-PECT'LESS, a. 1. Not suspecting; having no sus- 
picion. Herbert. 2. Not suspected; not mistrusted. 
Beaumont. 

SUS-PEND', V. t. [Fr. suspendre ; It. sospendere ; Sp. sus- 
pender ; L. suspendo.] 1. To hang ; to attach to some- 
thing above. 2. To make to depend on. 3. To interrupt ; 
to intermit ; to cause to cease for a time. 4. To stay ; to 
delay ; to hinder from proceeding for a time. 5. To hold 
in a state undetermined. 6. To debar from any privilege, 
from the execution of an office, or from the enjoyment of 
income. 7. To cause to cease for a time from operation 
or effect. 

SUS-PEND'ED, pp. Hung up ; made to depend on; caused 
to cease for a time ; delayed ; held undetermined. 

SUS-PEND'ER, 71. 1. One that suspends. 2. Suspenders, 
plu. straps worn for holding up pantaloons, &c. ; braces. 

SUS-PEND'ING, ppr. Hanging up ; making to depend on ; 
intermitting ; causing to cease for a time ; holding unde 
termined ; debarring from action or right. 

SUS-PENSE', 71. [L. suspensus.] 1. A state of uncertainty j 
indetermination ; indecision. 2. Stop ; cessation for a 
time. — 3. In law, suspension ; a temporary cessation of a 
man's right. 

SUS-PENSE', a. Held from proceeding. [L. u.] Milton. 

SUS-PEN-SI-BIL'I-TY, ?i. The capacity of being suspended 
or sustained from sinking. Eirwan. 

SUS-PENS'I-BLE, a. Capable of being suspended or held 
from sinking. 

SUS-PEN'SION, 71. [Fr. ; L. sxispensio.] I. The act of 
hanging up, or of causing to hang by being attached to 
something above. 2. TJie act of making to depend on 
any thing for existence or taking place. 3. The act of 
delaying ; delay. 4. Act of withholding or balancing the 
judgment ; forbearance of determination. 5. Temporary 
cessation; interruption. 6. Temporary privation of pow- 
ers, authority or rights : usually intended as a censure or 
punishment. 7. Prevention or inte-ruplion of operation. 
— 8. In rhetoric, a keeping of the hearer in doubt and in 
attentive expectation of what is to follow. — 9. In ScoVs 
Law, a stay or postponement of execution of a sentence 
condemnatory, by means of letters ol suspension granted 
on application to the lord ordinary.— 10. In mechanics, 
points of suspension in a balance are the points in the axis 
or beam where the weights are applied, or from which 
they are suspended. — 11. In music, every sound of a chord 
to a given base, which is continued to another base, is a 
suspension. Cyc. 

SUS-PENS'IVE, a. Doubtful. Beaumont. 

SUS-PENS'OR, 71. In anatomy, a bandage to suspend the 
scrotum. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tj, 1?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



SWA 



815 



SWA 



SUS-PENS'O-RY, a. That suspenas ; suspending. 

SUS-PENS'0-RY, n. That which suspends ; a truss. 

t SUS'PI-€A-BLE, a. [L. suspicor.] That may be suspect- 
ed ; liable to suspicion. More. 

SUS-PT"C10N, n. [Fr. ; L. suspicio.'] The act of suspect- 
ing ; the imagination of the existence of something with- 
out proof, or upon very slight evidence, or upon no evi- 
dence at all. 

SUS-Pl"CIOUS, a. [li. suspiciosus.'] 1. Inclined to suspect ; 
apt to imagine without proof. 2. Indicating suspicion or 
fear. 3. Liable to suspicion ; adapted to raise suspicion ; 
giving reason to imagine ill. 4. Entertaining suspicion ; 
given to suspicion. 

SUS-Pl"CIOUS-LY, adv. 1. With suspicion. 2. So as to 
excite suspicion. Sidney. 

SUS-Pl"CIOUS-NESS, 71. 1. The.qualityofbeing liable to 
suspicion, or liable to be suspected. 2. The quality or 
stateof being apt to suspect. 

SUS-Pl'RAL, 11. [L. suspiro.] 1. A breathing-hole ; a vent 
or ventiduct. 2. A spring of water passing under ground 
towards a cistern or conduit ; [local.] 

SUS-PI-Ra'TION, n. [L. suspiratio.] The act of sighing or 
fetching a long and deep breath ; a sigh. More. 

SUS-PiRE', V. i. To sigh ; to fetch a long, deep breath ; to 
breathe. [Little used.] Shak. 

t SUS-PlR'ED, (sus-pird') pp. or a. Wished for; desired. 

SUS-TaIN', v. t. [L. sustineo ; Fr. soutenir j It. sostenere ; 
Sp. sostener, sustentar.] I. To bear ; to uphold ; to sup- 
port. 2. To hold ; to keep from falling. 3. To support ; 
to keep from sinking in despondence. 4. To maintain ; 
to keep alive ; to support ; to subsist. 5. To support in 
any condition by aid ; to assist or relieve. 6. To bear ; 
to endure without failing or yielding. 7. To suffer; to 
bear ; to undergo. 8. To maintain ; to support ; not to 
dismiss or abate. 9. To maintain as a sufficient ground. 
— 10. In music, to continue, as the sound of notes through 
their whole length. 

\ SUS-TaIN', n. That which upholds. Milton. 

SUS-TaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be sustained or main- 
tained. 

SUS-TaIN'ED, (sus-tand') pp. Borne ; upheld ; maintain- 
ed ; supported ; subsisted ; suffered. 

SUS-TaIN'ER, n. He or that which sustains, uphoids or 
suffere. 

SUS-TaIN'ING, ppr. Bearing ; upholding ; maintaining ; 
suffering; subsisting. 

SUS-TAL'TI€, a. [Gr. cvaTaXriKOi.'j Mournful ; affecting ; 
an epithet given to a species of music by the Greeks. 

SUS'TE-NANCE, n. [Norm. Fr.] 1. Support; mainte- 
nance ; subsistence. 2. That which supports life ; food ; 
victuals ; provisions. 

t SUS-TEN'TA-€LE, n. [L. sustentaculum.] Support. 

SUS-TEN-Ta'TION, w. IFt. ; L. sustentatio.] 1. Support; 
preservation from falling. 2. Use of food. 3. Mainte- 
nance ; support of life. 

SU-SUR-Ra'TION, 71. [L. susurratio.] A whispering ; a 
soft murmur. 

t SUTE, 71. [for suite.] Sort. Hooker. 

t SO'TILE, a. [L. sutilis.] Done by stitching. Boswell. 

SUT'LER, n. [D. toetelaar.] A person who follows an army 
and sePs to the troops provisions and liquors. 

SUT'LING, a. Belonging to sutlers » engaged in the occu- 
pation of a sutler. Tatler. 

SUT-TEE', 71. 1. In the Sanscrit, or sacred language of the 
Hindoos, a female deity. 2. A widow who immolates 
herself on the funeral pile of her husband. 3. The sacri- 
fice of burning a widow on the funeral pile of her hus- 
band. 

SUT'TLE, a. Suttle weight, in commerce, is when tret is 
allowed ; neat weight. Diet. 

t Su'TU-RA-TED, a. [Tu,. sutura.] Stitched or knit togeth- 
_er. Smith. 

Su'TURE, V. VL. sutura.] 1. Literally, a, sewing ; hence, 
the uniting of the parts of a wound by stitching. 2. The 
seam or joint which unites the bones of the skull ; or the 
peculiar articulation or connection of those bones. 

SWAB, 71. [Sax. swebban, to sweep.] A mop for cleaning 
floors ; on board of ships, a large mop or bunch of old rope- 
yarn, used to clean the deck and cabin. 

SWAB, V. t. To clean with a mop ; to wipe when Wet or 
after washing. 

SWAB'BER, 7u [D.'^zwabber.] One that uses a swab to 
clean a floor or deck ; on board of ships of war, an infe- 
rior officer, whose business is to see that the ship is kept 
clean. 

SWAD, n. 1. A pod, as of beans or peas ; [local.] 2. A 
short, fat person ; [obs.] — 3. In JVew England, a lump, 
mass or bunch ; also, a crowd ; [vulgar.] 

SWAD'D-LE, V. t. [Sax. swathe, swethel ; D. zwaad; G. 
schwaden.] 1. To swathe ; to bind, as with a bandage ; 
to bind tight with clothes ; used generally of infants. 2. 
To beat ; to cudgel ; [obs.] 

SWAD'DLE, n. Clothes bound tight around the body. 

SWAD'DLED, pp. Swathed ; bound in tight clothes. 



SWAD'DLING, ppr. Swathing ; binding in tight clothes 

SWAD'DLTNG-BAND, ) n. A band or cloth wrapped 

SWADDLING-€LOTH, \ round an infant. Luke ii. 

SWAG, V. i. [qu. Sax. sigan ; Sw. svag ; Dan. svag.] To 
sink down by its weight ; to lean. Grew. 

SWAG'-BEL-LiED, a. Having a prominent, overhanging 
belly. 

t SWAGE, V. t. To ease ; to soflen ; to mitigate. 

t SWAGE, «.t. To abate. Barret. 

SWAG'GER, V. i. [Sax. swegan.] To bluster ; to bully 
to boast or brag noisily ; to be tumultuoasly proud. Col- 
lier. 

t SWAG'GER, V. t. To overbear with boasting or bluster 
Annot. on Olanville. 

SWAG'GER-ER, n. A blusterer ; a bully ; a boastful, noisv 
fellow. Shak. 

SWAG'GER-ING,j?pr. Blustering; boasting noisily. 

SWAG'GING, ppr. Sinking or inclining, 

SWAG^GY, a. Sinking, hanging or leaning by its weight. 



SWaIN, n. [Sax. swein, swan ; Sw. sven ; Dan. svend , 
Ice. svein.] 1. A young man. Spenser. 2. A country 
servant employed in husbandry. Shak. 3. A pastoral 
youth. Pope. 

SWAIN'ISH, a. Rustic. 

SWaIN'MOTE, SWeIN'MOTE, or SWAN'I-MOTE, n. 
[swain, and mote, meeting.] In England, a court, touching 
matters of tJie forest, held before the verderors of the for- 
est as judges, by the steward of the court, thrice every 
year ; the swains or freeholders within the forest compos- 
ing the jury. 

SWaIP, v. i. To walk proudly ,• used in the JSTorth of Eng 
land for sweep. 

SWALE, n. [probably from vale.] 1. A local word in 
J^ew England, signifying an interval or vale ; a tract of 
low land. — 2. In England, a shade. 3. A flame. Omse 

SWALE, V. i. To waste. See Sweal. 

SWALE, V. t. To dress a hog for bacon, by singeing oi 
burning offhis hair. [Local.] Cyc. 

SWAL'LET, n. Among the tin-miners, water breaking in 
upon the miners at their work. Bailey. 

SWAL'LoW, 71. [Sax. swaleioe ; D. ixoaluw ; G. schwalbe.] 
A bird of the genus hirundo, of many species. 

SWAL'LoW-FISH, n. A sea-fish of the genus trigla. 

SWAL'LoW-FLY, n. The name of the chelidonius, a fly 
remarkable for its swift and long fiieht. Cyc 

SWAL'LoW'S-TaIL, n. The same as dove tail. 

SWAL'LoW-STONE, n. Chelidonius lapis, a stone. 

SWAL'LoW-TaIL, n. A plant, a species of willow. 

SWAL'LoW -W6RT, n. A plant of the genus asclepias. 

SWAL'LoW, V. t. [Sax. swelgan, sicilgan ; D. zwelgen.] 

1. To take into the stomach ; to receive through the gullet 
or (esophagus into the stomach. 2. To absorb ; to draw 
and sink into an abyss or gulf; to ingulf; usually follow- 
ed by up. 3. To receive or embrace, as opinions or be- 
lief, without examination or scruple ; to receive implicit- 
ly. 4. To engross ; to appropriate. 5. To occupy ; to 
employ. 6. To seize and waste. 7. To engross ; to en- 
gage completely. 8. To exhaust ; to consume. 

SWAL'LoW, Ji. 1. The gullet or cesophagus ; the throat. 

2. Voracity. 3. As much as is swallowed at once. 
SWAL'LoWED, pp. Taken into the stomach ; absorbed ; 

received without scruple; engrossed; wasted. 
SWAL'LoW-ER, n. One who swallows ; also, a glutton. 

Tatler. 
SWAL'LoW-ING, ppr. Taking into the stomach ; absorb- 
ing ; ingulfing ; receiving implicitly ; engrossing. 
SWAL'LoW-ING, n. The act of taking into the stomach 

or of absorbing ; the act of receiving implicitly ; the act 

of engrossing. 
SWAM.^T-et. of swim. 
SWAMP, 71. [Sax. swam ; Goth, swamms ,• G. schwamm ; D. 

zw'am ; Dan. svamp.] Spungy land ; low ground filled 

with water ; soft, wet ground. 
SWAMP, V. t. To plunge, whelm or sink in a swamp ; to 

plunge into difficulties inextricable. 
SWAMP'Y, a. Consisting of swamp; like a swamp; low, 

wet and spungy ; as, swampy land. 
SWAMP'-ORE, 71. In mineralogy, an ore of iron found in 

swamps and morasses ; called, also, bog-ore. 
SWAN, n. [Sax. sioan ; D. zwaan , G. scliwan ; Dan. svane , 

Sw. svan.] A large aquatic fowl f the genus anas, of two 

varieties, the wild and the tame 
SWANG, n. A piece of low land or green sward, liable to 

be covered with water. [Local in England.] 
SWANS'DOWN, n. A fine, soft, thick woolen cloth. 
SWAN'SKIN, ??,. [swan and skin.] A species of flannel of a 

soft texture, thick and warm. 
SWAP, adv. [qu. sweep.] Hastily ; at a snatch. [A lovi 

word, and local.] 
SWAP, V. t. To exchange ; to barter; to swop. See Swop. 
SWAPE, n. [qu. sweep.] A pole supported by a fulcrum, on 

which it turns, used for raismg water from a well, for 

churning, &c. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; Gas J ; ffi as Z ; CH as SH •, THas in this, f Obsolete 



SWE 



816 



SWE 



SWARD, n. [Sax. stpeard; Dan. sveer ; D. zwoord; G. 
sc'liwarte ; W". gweryd.j 1. The skin of bacon ; [local.] 
2. The grassy surface of land ; turf ; that part of the 
soil which is filled with the roots of grass, forming a kind 
of mat. 

SWARD, V. t. To produce sward ; to cover with sward. 

SWARD'-€UT-TER, n. An instrument for cutting sward 
across the ridges. 

SWARD'Y, a. Covered with sward or grass. 

t SWARE, oldpret. of swear. We now use swore. 

SWARE, or SCHWARE, n. A copper coin and money of 
account in Bremen, value one fifth of a groat. 

SWARM, (^sworm) n. [Sax. swearm ; G. schwarm ; D. 
zwerm ; Dan. sverm.] 1. In a general sense, -d large num- 
ber or body of small animals or insects, particularly when 
in motion ; but appropriately, a great number of honey-bees 
which emigrate from a hive at once, and seek new lodg- 
ings. 2. A swarm or multitude jparticwZarZ?/, a multitude 
of people in motion. 

SWARM, V. i. [Sax. swearmian ; D. zwermen ; G. schw'dr- 
men ; Dan. svermer.] 1 . To collect and depart from a hive 
by flight in a body, as bees. 2. To appear or collect in a 
crowd ; to run ; to throng together ; to congregate in a 
multitude. 3. To be crowded ; to be thronged with a 
multitude of animals in motion. 4. To breed multitudes. 
5. To climb, as a tree, by embracing it with the arms and 
legs, and scrambling. 

t SWARM, V. t. To crowd or throng. 

SWART, or SWARTH, a. [Sax. s^cart, sweaH ; Sw^ 
svart ; G. schwarz) D. zwart.] 1. Being of a dark hue ; 
moderately black ; tawny. 2. Gloomy ; malignant ; 
[obs.] 

SWART, V. t. To make tawny. Brown. 

SWARTH, or SWAIRTH, n. An apparition. 

SWARTH'I-LY, adv. [from swarthy.] Duskily ; with a 
tawny hue. 

SWARTH'I-NESS, n. Tawniness ; a dusky complexion, 

t SWARTH'NESS, n. Blackness ; darkness. Dr. Clarke. 

SWARTH'Y, a. I. Being of a dark hue or dusky complex- 
ion ; tawny. 2. Black. 

t SWARTH'Y, V. t. To make swarthy or dusky ; to black- 
en. Cowley. 

SWART'I-NESS, n. A tawny color. Sherwood 

SWART'ISH, a. Somewhat dark or tawny. 

SWART'Y, a. Swarthy ; tawny. Burton. 

t SWARVE, V. i. To swerve. Spenser. 

SWASH, n. An oval figure, whose moldings are oblique to 
the axis of the work. Moxon. 

SWASH, n. 1. A blustering noise ; a vaporing ; [obs.] 2. 
Inipulse of water flowing with violence. 

•■ SWASH, V. i. [D. zwet'ien.'] To bluster ; to make a great 
noise ; to vapor or brag. Shak. 

SWASH, or SWASH'Y, a. Soft, like fruit too ripe, [Local.] 
Pegge. 

t SWASH'-BU€K-LER, n. A sword-player ; a bully or brag- 
gadocio, Milton. 

t SWASH'ER, n. One who makes a blustering show of valor 
or force of arms. Shak. 

t SWAT, or t SWATE, v. i. To sweat. Chaucer. 

t SWATCH, n. A swath, Tusser. 

SWATH, (swoth) n, [Sax. swathe ; D, zwaad ; G. schwaden.] 

1. A line of grass or grain cut and thrown together by the 
sythe in mowing or cradling. 2. The whole breadth or 
sweep of a sythe in mowing or cradling. Farmers. 3. A 
band or fillet. 

SWATHE, V. t. 1. To bind with a band, bandage or rollers. 

2. To bind or wrap. Abbot. 

SWAY, V. t. [D. zwaaijen ; Ice. sweigia ,- Sw. sviga.] 1, 
To move or wave ; to wield with the hand. 2. To bias ; 
to cause to lean or incline to one side. 3. To nile ; to gov- 
ern ; to influence or direct by power and authority, or by 
moral force. 

SWAY, v.i. 1, To be drawn to one side by weight ; to 
lean, 2, To have weight or influence, 3. To bear rule ; 
to govern. — 4. In seamen's language, to hoist ; partic- 
ularly applied to the lower yards and to the t-jpmast-yards , 
Sfc. 

SWAY, n. 1. The swing or sweep of a weapon. Milton. 
2, Any thing moving with bulk and power, 3. Prepon- 
deration ; turn or cast of balance, 4. Power exerted iru 
governing ; rule ; dominion ; control. 5. Influence ; 
weight or authority that inclines to one side. 

SWaYED, pp. Wielded ; inclined to one side ; ruled ; gov- 
erned ; influenced ; biased, 

SWaY'ING, ppr. Wielding; causing to lean ; biasing; 
ruling, 

SWaY'ING, n. Swaying of the back, among beasts, is a 
khid of lumbago, caused by a fall or by being overloaded. 

SWeAL, v. i. [Sax. swelan ; sometimes written sicale.] 
1. To melt and run down, as the tallow of a candle ; to 
w^aste away without feeding the flame, 2, To blaze 
away. 

aWEAL'ING, ppr. Melting and wasting away, 

SWEaR, v. i. ; pret. swore, [formerly sware ;] pp. sworn. 



[Sax. swerian, swerigan ; Goth, swaran ; D. zweeren ; G 
schworen.] 1. To affirm or utter a solemn declaration, 
with an appeal to God for the tmth of what is afiirm- 
ed. 2. To promise upon oath. 3. To give evidence on 
oath. 4. To be profane ; to practice profaneness. 

SWEAR, V. t. 1. To utter or atfirm with a solemn appeal 
to God for the truth of the declaration. 2. To put to an 
oath ; to cause to take an oath. 3. To declare or charge 
upon oath. 4. To obtest by an oath. 

SWEaR'ER, n. 1. One who swears ; one who calls God to 
witness for the truth of his declaration, 2. A profane 
person. Shak. 

SWEaR'IIMG, ppr. 1. Affirming upon oath. 2. Putting 
upon oath ; causing to swear. 

SWEaR'ING, n. I. The act or practice of affirming on oath. 
2. Profaneness. 

SWEAT, (swet) n. [Sax. swat; D. zweet; G. schweiss : 
Dan, sveed ; Sw. svett.] 1, The fluid or sensible moisture 
which issues out of the pores of the skin of an animal. 2 
Labor ; toil ; drudgery. 3. Moisture evacuated from any 
substance. 

SWEAT, (swet) v. i. ; pret. and pp. sweat, or sweated. 
Swot is obsolete. [Sax. swmtan ,■ Sw. svetta ; Dan. sveeder , 
D. zweeten ; G. schwitzen.] 1. To emit sensible moisture 
through the pores of the skin ; to perspire. 2, To toil ; to 
labor ; to drudge. 3. To emit moisture, as gieen plants in 
a heap. 

SWEAT, (swet) v. t. 1. To emit or suffer to flow from the 
pores; to exsude. Dryden. 2. To cause to emit moisture 
from the pores of the skin, 

SWEAT'ER, (swet'er) n. One that causes to sweat. 

SWEAT'I-LY, adv. So as to be moist with sweat ; in a 
sweaty state, 

SWEAT'I-NESS, n. The state of being sweaty or moist 
with sweat. 

SWEAT'ING, ppr. 1. Emitting moisture from the pores of 
the skin ; throwing out moisture ; exsuding. 2. Causing 
to emit moisture upon the skin. 

SWEATING-BATH, n. A sudatory ; a bath for excit- 
ing sensible perspiration or sweat ; a hypocaust or stove. 
Cvc 

SWEAT'ING-HOUSE, n. A house for sweating persons in 
sickness. Cyc. 

SM^EAT'ING-lR-ON, n. 1. A kind of knife or a piec« of a 
sythe, used to sciape oflT sweat from horses. Cyc. 

SWEAT'ING-ROOM, n. 1. A room for sweating persons. 
— 2. In rural economy, a room for sweating cheese, and 
carrying off" the superfluous juices. Cyc. 

SWEAT'ING-SI€K-NESS, w, A febrile, epidemic d.sease 
which prevailed in some countries of Europe, but particu- 
larly in England, in tire 15th and 16th centuries. 

SWEAT'Y, (swet'ty) a. 1. Moist with sweat. 2. Consist- 
ing of sweat. 3. Laborious ; toilsome. 

SWEDE, 71. 1. A native of Sweden. 2. A Swedish tur- 
nep. 

SWe'DISH, a. Pertaining to Sweden, 

SWe'DISH-TUR-NEP, 71. The ruta baga. 

SWEEP, V. t.; pret. and pp. swept. [Sax. swapan, sweopan.] 
1. To brush or rub over with a brush, broom or besom, 
for removing loose dirt ; to clean by brushing. 2. To car- 
ry with a long, swinging or dragging motion ; to carry 
with pomp. 3. To drive or carry along or off" by a long, 
brushing stroke or force, or by flowing on the earth. 4. 
To drive, destroy or carry off" many at a stroke, or with 
celerity and violence. 5. To rub over. 6. To strike with 
a long stroke. 7. To draw or drag over. 

SWEEP, V. i. 1. To pass with swiftness and violence, as 
something broad or brushing the surface of any thing. 2. 
To pass over or brush along with celerity and force, .j. 
To pass with pomp. 4. To move with a long reach. 

SWEEP, 71. 1. The act of sweeping, 2. The compass of a 
stroke, 3. The compass of any turning body or motion. 
4. The compass of any thing flowing or brushing. 5. Vi- 
olent and general destruction. 6. Direction of any mo- 
tion not rectilinear. 7. The mold of a ship when she be- 
gins to compass in, at the rung heads ; also, any part of a 
ship shaped by the segment of a circle.— 8. Among refin- 
ers of metals, the almond-furnace. — 9. Among seamen, a 
large oar, used to assist the rudder in turning a ship in a 
calm, or to increase her velocity in a chase, &;c. 

SWEEP, 71. The beam supported by a post, which is used 
in raising a bucket in a well. 

SWEEPER, n. One that sweeps. 

SWEEP'ING, ppr. Brushing over ; rubbing with a broom 
or besom ; cleaning with a broom or besom ; brushing 
along ; passing over ; dragging over. 

SWEEP'INGS, 71. plu. Things collected by sweeping ; rub- 
bish. 

SWEEP'-NET, 77. [sweep and net.] A large net for draw- 
ing over a large compass. 

SWEEP'STAKE, n. [sweep and stake.] A man that wins 
all ; usually, sioeepstakes. Shak. 

SWEEP'Y, a. 1. Passing with speed and violence ovei 



* See Syvopsis A, E, I, O, V, "?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PtN, MARINE. BIRD;— t Obsolete. 



SWE 



817 



SWI 



great compass at once. Drydcn. 2. Strutting. 3. 
Wavy. 

bWEET, a. [Sax, swete ; D. zoet; G. silss ; Sw. sot.] 1. 
Agreeable or grateful to the taste. 2. Pleasing to the 
smell; flagrant. 3. Pleasing to the ear; soft; melodi- 
ous; harmonious. 4. Pleasing to the eye ; beautiful, i. 
Fresh ; not salt. 6. Not sour. 7. Mild ; soft ; gentle. 
8. Mild ; soft ; kind ; obliging. 9. Grateful ; pleasing. 
10. Making soft or excellent music. 11. Not stale. 12. 
Not turned ; not sour. 13. Not putrescent or putrid. 

SWEET, n, 1. Something pleasing or grateful to the mind. 

2. A sweet substance ; particularly, any vegetable juice 
which is added to wines to improve them. 3. A perfume. 
4. A word of endearment. 5. Cane-juice, molasses, or 
other sweet vegetable substance. 

SWEET'-AP-PLE, 71. The annona squamosa. Lee. 

SWEET'-BREAD, n. The pancreas of a calf. 

SWEET'-BRl-AR, n. A shrubby plant. 

SWEET'-EROOM, n. [siceet and broom.] A plant. 

SWEET-CIC'E-LY, n. A plant of the genus scandix. 

SWEET-CIS'TUS, n. A shrub, the gura-cistus. 

SWEET'-€ORN, n. A variety of the maize, of a sweet 
taste. 

SWEET'-FLAG, n. A plant of the genus acorus. 

SWEET'-GUM, n. A tree of the genus Uquidambar. 

SWEET'-JOHN'S, n. A plant, a species of dianthus. 

SWEET-MAUD'LTN, n. A species of acMllea. 

SWEET-MXR'JO-RAM, 71. A very fragrant plant, 

SWEET'-PeA, 71, A pea cultivated for ornament. 

SWEET'-ROOT, n. The liquorice, or glycyrrhiza. 

SWEET'-ROsH, 71. Another name of the sweet-flag. 

SWEET'-SOP, 71. A name of the annoiia squamosa. 

SVVEET'-SUL-TAN, n. A plant, a species of centaur ea. 

SWEET'- WEED, n. A plant of the genus capraria. 

SWEET'-WIL-LIAM, n. The name of several species of 
pink, of the genus dianthus. Cyc. 

SWEET-WIL'LoW, n. A plant, the myrica gale. 

SWEET'-WOOD, n. A plant, a species of laurus. 

SWEET'EN,* ('sweet'tn) v. t. 1, To make sweet. 2. To 
make pleasing or grateful to the mind. 3. To make mild 
or kind. 4. To make less painful. 5. To increase agree- 
able qualities. 6. To soften ; to make delicate. 7. To 
make pure and sal-jbrious by destroying noxious mat- 
ter, 8. To make warm and fertile. 9. To restore to pu- 
rity. 

SWEET'EN, /"sweet'tn) v. i. To become sweet. Bacon. 

SWEET'ENED, pp. Made sweet, mild or grateful. 

SWEET'EN-ER, 71, He or that which sweetens ; he that 
palliates ; that which moderates acrimony, 

SWEET'EN-ING, ppr. Making sweet or grateful, 

SWEET'-HEXRT, 71, A lover or mistress, Shak. 

SWEET'ING, 11. 1, A sweet apple, Aschanu 2, A word 
of endearment, Shak. 

SWEET'ISH, a. Somewhat sweet or grateful to the taste, 

SVVEET'ISH-NESS, n. The quality of being sweetish. 

SWEET'LY, adv. In a sweet manner ; gratefully, 

SWEET'MeAT, n. Fruit preserved with sugar ; as peaches, 
pears, melons, nuts, orange-peel, and the like, 

SWEET'NESS, n. 1, The quality of being sweet, in any of 
its senses ; as gratefulness to the taste ; or to the smell, 
fragrance ; agreeableness to the ear, melody, 2. Agreea- 
bleness of manners ; softness ; mildness ; obliging civility, 

3. Softness ; mildness ; amiableness, 
SWEET'-SCENT-ED, a, [sweet and sce?it,] Having asweet 

smell ; fragrant, 

SWEET'-SMELL-ING, a. [sweet and smell.] Having a 
sweet smell ; fragrant. 

SWELL, V. i.; pret, swelled ; pp, swelled. Sioollen is near- 
ly obsolete. [Sax, swellan ; D, zioellen ; G, schwellen ; 
Dan, svcBller.] 1, Tc grow larger ; to dilate or extend the 
exterior surface or dimensions by matter added to the in- 
terior part, or by expansion of the inclosed substance. 2. 
To increase in size or extent by any addition. 3. To rise 
or be driven into waves or billows, 4, To be puffed up 
or bloated. 5. To be bloated with anger ; to be exasper- 
ated. 6, To be inflated; to belly, 7, To be turgid or 
bombastic ; as, swelling words, 8, To protuberate ; to 
bulge out, 9. To be elated ; to rise into arrogance. 10, 
Togrovi^ more violent, 11, To grow upon the view ; to 
i)ecome larger. 12. To become larger in amount. 13. 
To become louder, 14, To strut ; to look big, 15, To 
rise in altitude, 

SWELL, V. t. 1. To increase the size, bulk or dimensions 
of; to cause to rise, dilate or increase. 2. To aggra- 
vate ; to heighten. 3. To raise to arrogance, 4, To en- 
large. — 5, In music, to augment, as the sound of a note, 

SWELL, n. 1. Extension of bulk, 2. Increase, as of 
sound, 3. A gradual ascent or elevation of land. 4. A 
wave or billow ; more generally, a succession of large 
waves, — 5, In an organ, a certain number of pipes inclos- 
ed in a box, which being uncovered produce a swell of 
sound, 

SWELLED, pp. Enlarged in bulk ; inflated. 



S WELL'ING, ppr. Growing or enlarging in its dimensions 
growing tumid ; inflating ; growing louder. 

S WELL'ING, 71, 1, A tumor, or any morbid enlargement 
of the natural size, 2, Protuberance ; prominence, 3, A 
rising or enlargement by passion, 

fSWELT, for swelled. Spenser. 

f SWELT, V. i. [Sax, etceltan ; Goth, swiltan, ga-swiltan.j 
To faint ; to swoon. 

f SWELT, V. t. To overpower, as with heat ; to cause to 
faint, 

SWELT'ER, V. i. [from swelt.] To be overcome and faint 
with heat ; to be ready to perish with heat. 

SWELT'ER, V. t. To oppress with heat, Bmtley. 

SWELT'ERED, pp. Oppressed with heat, 

SWELT ER-ING, ppr. Fainting or languishing with heat ; 
oppressing with heat, 

SWELT'RY, a. Suftbcating with heat; oppressive with 
heat ; sultry, 

SWEPT, pret, QXi&pp. of sweep, 

t SWERD, for sward. 

SWERVE, (swerv) v. i. [D, zwerven.] 1, To wander; to 
rove, 2, To wander from any line prescribed, or from a 
rule of duty ; to depart from what is established by law, 
duty or custom ; to deviate. 3. To bend ; to incline. 4 
To rlimb or move forward by winding or turning. 

SWERVING, ppr. Roving ; wandering ; deviating from 
any rule or standard ; inclining ; climbing or moving by 
winding and turning, 

SWERVING, 71, The act of wandering ; deviation from 
any rule, law, duty or standard, 

t SWEVEN, n. A dream, Wicliffe. 

SWIFT, a. [Sax, swift.] 1, Moving a great distance or 
over a large space in a short time ; moving with celerity 
or velocity ; fleet ; rapid ; quick ; speedy, 2. Ready ; 
prompt. 3. Speedy ; that comes without delay, 

SWIFT, n. 1. The current of a stream ; [I. m,1— 2. In do- 
mestic affairs, a reel or turning instrument for winding 
yarn, 3, A bird, a species of swallow, so called from the 
rapidity of its flight, 4, The common newt or eft, a spe- 
cies of lizard, 

SWIFT'ER, n. In a ship, a rope used to confine the bars 
of the capstan in their sockets, while men are turn- 
ing it, 

SWIFT'ER, V. t. To stretch, as shrouds by tackles. 

SWIFT'FOOT,a. Nimble, Mirror for Magistrates. 

SWIFT'HEELED, a. [swift and heel.] Swiftfoot ; rapid ; 
quick, Hahington. 

SWIFT'LY, adv. Fleetly ; rapidly ; with celerity, 

SWIFT'NESS, n. Speed ; rapid motion ; quickness ; celer- 
ity ; velocity ; rapidity, 

SWIG, V. t. or i. [Ice. swiga. du, suck.] To drink by large 
draughts ; to suck greedily, 

SWIG, 71, 1, A large draught ; [vulgar.] — 2, In seamen's 
language, a pulley with ropes which are not parallel. 

SWIG,7J, t. [Sax, szcigan.] To castrate, as a ram, by bind- 
ing the testicles tight with a string, [Local.] 

SWILL, V. t. [Sax, swelgan, swylgan.) 1, To drink gross- 
ly or greedily ; as, to swill down great quantities of liquors. 
2, To wash ; to drench, 3, To inebriate ; to swell with 
fullness, 

SWILL, 71, 1, Large draughts of liquor; or drink taken 
in excessive quantities. 2, The wash or mixture of liquid 
substances given to swine ; called, in some places, swiLl- 
ings. 

t SWILL, V. i. To be intoxicated, Whately. 

SWILLED, pp. Swallowed grossly in large quantities, 

SWILL'ER,?i, One who drinks voraciously, 

SWIIiL'ING, ppr. Swallowing excessive quantities of 
liquors, 

SWILL'INGS, n. Swill. 

SWIM, V. i. ; pret, swam ; pp, swum. [Sax. swimman ; D, 
zwemmen, zwymen ; G, schwemmen, schwimmen.] 1. To 
float ; to be supported on water or other fluid ; not to sink, 
2. To move progressively in water by means of the mo- 
tion of the hands and feet, or of fins," 3, To float ; to be 
borne ilong by a current, 4, To glide along with a smooth 
motion, or with a waving motion, 5. To be dizzy or ver- 
tiginous ; to have a waving motion of the head or a sen- 
sation of that kind, or a reeling of the body, 6, To be 
floated ; to be overflowed or drenched, 7, To overflow ; 
to abound ; to have abundance. 

SWIM, V. t. 1, To pass or move on. Dryden. 2, To im- 
merse in water that the lighter parts may swim. 

SWIMM, n. The bladder of fishes, by which they are said 
to be supported in water, Qrew. 

SWIM'MER, n. 1, One that swims, 2. A protuberance on 
the leg of a horse. Far. Diet. 

SWIM'MING, ppr. Floating on a fluid ; moving on a fluid ; 
overflowing ; abounding, 

SWIM'MING, n. ] , The act or art of moving on the water 
by means of the limbs ; a floating, 2, Dizziness, 

SWIM'MING-LY, adv. Smoothly; without obstruction 
with great success, [JVot elegant.] 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH 5 TH as in t/m. f Obsolete 



SWI 



8l8 



SYE 



SVVIN'DLE, V. t FD. zwendelen.] To cheat and defraud 
grossly, or with deliberate artifice. 

SWIN'DLED, pp. Grossly cheated and defrauded, 

SWIN'DJdER, n. [G. schwindler ] A cheat ; a rogue ; one 
who defrauds grossly, or one who makes a practice of de- 
frauding others by imposition or deliberate artifice. 

SWIN'DLING, ppr. Cheating ; defrauding. 

SWIN'DLIJVG, n. The act of defrauding ^knavery. 

SWINE, n. sing, and plu. [Sax. s?mn ,viiW., Dan. svin; D. 
zwynj G. sehwein.] A hog j a quadruped of the genus 5ms, 
which furnishes man with a large portion of his most 
nourishing food. 

SWiNE'-BREAD, n. A kind of plant, truffle. Bailey. 

SWlNE'-€ASE, ) 

SWlNE'-€oAT, > n. A hog-sty ; a pen for swine. [Local.] 

SWiNE'-eRuE, ) 

SWINE'-GRASS, n. A plant. [L. centinodia, knot-grass.] 

SWINE'-HERD, n. [swi^ie and herd.] A keeper of swine. 

SWiNE'-oAT, n. [swine and oat,] A kind of oats, culti- 
vated for the use of pigs, as in Cornwall. 

SWiNE'-PIPE, 71. A bird, the red-wing. [Local.] 

SWiNE'-POX, ) 71. 1. The chicken-pox ; [local.] 2. A 

SWlNE'-POCKS, \ variety of the chicken-pox ; the water- 
pox. 

SWiNE'S'-CRESS, n. A species of cress. 

SWlNE'-SToNE, 71. A variety of limestone. Cyc. 

SWTNE'-STY, n. A sty or pen for swine. 

SWiNE'-THIS-TLE, //.. A plant, the sow-thistle. Cyc. 

SWING, V. i. ; pret. and pp. swung. [G. schwingen ; D. 
zjoingelen ; Sw. svinga ; JDan. svinger.] 1. To move to 
and fro, as a body suspended in the air ; to wave ; to 
vibrate. 2. To practice swinging. 3. To move or float ; 
also, to turn round an anchor. 

SWING, V. t. 1. To make to play loosely ; to cause to wave 
or vibrate, 2. To whirl round in the air. 3. To wave ; 
to move to and fro. 4. To brandish ; to flourish. 

SWING, 71. 1 . A waving or vibratory motion ; oscillation. 
2. Motion from one side to the other. 3. A line, cord or 
other thing suspended and hanging loose ; also, an appa- 
ratus suspended for persons to swing in. 4. Influence or 
power of a body put in motion. 5. Free course ; unre- 
strained liberty or license. 6. The sweep or compass of a 
moving body. 7. Unrestrained tendency. 

SWING'-BRIDGE, n. [swing and bridge.] A bridge that 
may be moved by swinging ; used on canals. 

SWiNGE, (swinj) V. t. [Sax. szoingan.] 1. To beat sound- 
ly ; to whip ; to bastinade ; to chastise ; to punish ; [I. u. 
and vulgar.] 2. To move as a lash ; [obs.] 

tSWiNGE, (swinj) 71. A sway 3 a swing j the sweep of 
any thing in motion. Waller. 

t SWiNGE'-BU€K-LER, n. A bully 5 one who pretends to 
feats of arms. Shak. 

SWING'ER, 71. One who swings ; one who hurls. 

SWING'ING, ^pr. of 5wi7i^. Waving; vibrating; bran- 
dishing. 

SWINGING, 77. The act of swinging. 

SWING'ING, ppr. of swinge. 1. Beatjng soundly. 2. a. 
Huge ; very large ; [vulgar.] 

8WIN6'ING-LY, arfy. Vastly; hugely. [Vulgar.] 

SWIN'GLE, V. i. [from swing.] 1. To dangle ; to wave 
hanging. 2. To swing for pleasure ; [obs.] 

SWIN'GLE, V. t. [Sax. swingan.] To beat ; to clean flax 
by beating it. 

SWIN'GLE, n. In wire-works, a wooden spoke fixed to the 
barrel that draws the wire ; also, a crank. 

SWIN'GLED, pp. Beat and cleaned by a swingling-knife. 

SWIN'GLE-TREE, n. A whiffie-tree or whipple-tree. 

SWIN'GLING, ppr. Beating and cleaning, as flax. 

SWIN'GLING-KNIFE, ) n. A wooden mstrument like a 

SWIN'GLE, ) large knife, used for cleaning 

flax of the shives. 

SWIN'GLING-ToW, n. The coarse part of flax, separated 
from the finer by swingling and hatcheling. 

SWING'-TREE, n. The bar of a carriage to which the traces 
are fastened. — In America, it is often or generally called 
the whiffle-tree, or whipple-tree. 

SWING -WHEEL, n. [string and wheel.] In a time-piece, 
the wheel which drives the pendulum. Cyc. 

SWiN'ISH, a. [from swine.] Befitting swine ; like swine ; 
gross ; hoggish ; brutal. 

•f SWINK, V. i. [Sax. swincun.] To labor ; to toil ; to drudge. 

] SWINK, V. t. To overlabor. Milton. 

t SWINK, 71. Labor; toil; drudgery. Spenser. 

t SWINK'ER, n. A laborer ; a ploughman. Chaucer. 

SWIPE, 71. A swape or sweep, which see. 

fSWIPPER, a. [Snx. swipan, to move quick.] Nimble; 
quick. 

SWISS, 71. 1. A native of Switzerland or Swisserland. 2. 
The language of Swisserland. 

SWITCH, 71. [Sw. svege.] A small, flexible twig or rod. 

SWITCH, V. t. To strike with a smal twig or rod ; to beat ; 
to lash. Chapman. 

SWITCH, ??.i. To wa.ic withajerk. [Obsolete or local.] 

SWIVEL, (swiv'l) 71. [Sax, swifan.] 1. A ring which turns 



upon a staple ; or a strong link of iron used in mooring 
ships, and which permits the bridles to be turned round ; 
any ring or staple that turns. 2. A small cannon, fixed 
on a socket on the top of a ship's side, stern or bow, or in 
her tops, in such a manner as to be turned in any direc- 
tion. 
SWIVEL, (swiv'l) V. i. To turn on a staple, pin or pivot 
SWIVEL-HOOK, 71. A hook that turns in the end of an 
iron block-strap, for the ready taking the turns out of a 
tackle. 
SWOB, 71. A mop. See Swab 

SWOB, V. t. To clean or wipe with a swob. See Swab 
SWOB'BER, 71. 1. One who swabs or cleans with a mop ; 
[see Swabber.] — 2. Swobbers, four privileged cards, onlv 
used incidentally in betting at the game of whist. 

SWoLN ^ \PP- of swell ; irregular and obsolescent 

t SW6M, old pret. of swim. 

SWOON, V. i. [Sax. aswunan.] To faint ; to sink into a 
fainting-fit, in which there is a suspension of the apparent 
vital functions and mental powers. 

SWOON, 71. A fainting-fit ; lipothymy ; syncope. Coze. 

SWOON'ING, ppr. Fainting away. 

SWOON'ING, 71. The act of fainting ; syncope. Hall. 

SWOOP, v.t. 1. To fall on at once and seize ; to catch 
while on the wing. 2. To seize ; to catch up ; to take 
with a sweep. 3. To pass with violence ; [obs.] 

SWOOP, V. i. To pass with pomp. Drayton. 

SWOOP, 71. A falling on and seizing, as of a rapacious fowl 
on his prey. 

SWOP, V. t. To exchange ; to barter ; to give one com- 
modity for another. [j1 low word.] 

SWOP, 71. An exchange. Spectator. 

* SW5RD, (sword, or sord) 71. [Sax. sword, sweord ; G. 
schicert ; D. zwaard ; Dan. svcerd ; Sw. svard.] 1. An 
olfensive weapon worn at the side, and used by hand 
either for thrusting or cutting. — 2. Figuratively, destruc- 
tion by war, 3, Vengeance or justice, 4. Emblem of 
authority and power, 5, War ; dissension. 6. Emblem 
of trmmph and protection. 

* SWoRD'-BEaR-ER, 71. An officer in the city of London, 
who carries a sword as an emblem of justice before the 
lord mayor when he goes abroad. 

*SW6RD'-BELT, n. [simrd and belt.] A belt by which a 

sword is suspended and borne by the side. 
^ SWoRD'-BLADE, 71. The blade or cutting part of a sword 

* SWoRD'ED, a. Girded with a sword. JMilton. 
t SWoRD'ER, n. A soldier ; a cut-throat. Shak. 

* SWoRD'FlGHT, 71. [sw^rd and fight.] Fencing; a coin- 
bat or trial of skill with swords. 

*SWoRD'-FISH, 71. ^ sword and fish.] A genus of fishes. 

* SWoRD'-GRASS, 71. [sword and ^ras5.] A kind of sedge, 
glader ; the sweet-rush, a species of acorus. Cyc. 

* SWoRD'-KNOT, 71. A ribbon tied to the hilt of a sword 
*SWoRD'-LAW, 71. Violence; government by force. 

* SWoRD'-MAN, n. A soldier ; a fighting man. 
*SWoRD'-PLaY-ER, 71. A fencer; a gladiator; one who 

exhibits his skill in the use of the sword. Hakewill. 

*SWoRD'-SHaPED, a. Ensiform; shaped like a sword. 

SWORE, yrei. of swear. 

SWORN,;);), of swear. 

fSWOUND, V. i. To swoon. Shak. 

SWUM, pret. and pp. of swim. 

SWUNG, 2»'et. and pp. of swing. 

jSYB, or fSIB, a. [Sax.] Related by blood. 

SYB-A-RIT'I€, / a. [from Sybaritce, inhabitants ot Syba- 

S YB- A-RIT'I~€AL, \ i\s.] Luxurious ; wanton. 

SY€'A-MINE. See Sycamore. 

SYCA-MORE, 71. [Gr, avKaiiivog, avKOjjLopos.] A species of 
fig-tree. [A.pseudo-platanus.] A species of maple. Pursh 

SY€'A-MORE-MOTH, 71. A large ..nd beautiful moth. 

SYC'ITE, 71. [Gr. avKos, fig.] Fig-stone. Cyc. 

SYCO-PHAN-CY, n. Originally, information of the clan 
destine exportation of figs ; hence, mean talebearing , 
obsequious flattery ; servility. 

SYC'O-PHANT, 71. [Gr, cvKo<pavTri ; cvkos, a fig, and (pai- 
v(i), to discover,] Originally, an informer against those 
who stole figs, or exported them contrary to law, &c. 
Hence, in time, it came to signify a talebearer or informer, 
in general ; hence, a parasite ; a mean flatterer ; especial- 
ly a flatterer of princes and great men ; hence, a deceiver ; 
an impostor. 

SYC'O-PHANT, I V. t. To play the sycophant ; to flat- 

SYC'0-PHANT-lZE, <, ter meanly and ofliciously ; to in- 
form or tell tales for gaining favor. 

SYC-0-PHANT'IC, a. Talebearing ; more generally, obse- 
quiously flattering ; parasitic ; courting favor by mean 
adulation. 

SYC'O-PHANT-RY, ?i. Mean and ofiicious talebearing or 
adulation. Barrow. 

SYD-Ne'AN, I a. Denoting a species of white earth brought 

SYD-Ne'IAN, i from Sydney cove in South Wales 

SY'E-NlTE. SeeSiENiTE. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 6, tJ, Y, long.—FKU, FALL, WHAT ;— PRJgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BlRD ;— t Obsolete 



SYM 



819 



SYN 



HYKE, n. A small brook or rill in low ground. [Local.] 

SYL-LAB'ie, \a. \. Pertaining to a syllable or sylla- 

SYL-LAB'I-€AL, \ bles. 2. Consisting of a syllable or 
syllables. 

SYL-LAB'I-€AL-LiY, adv. In a syllabic manner. 

SYL-LAB-I-€a TION, n. Tiie act of forming syllables ; the 
act or method of dividing words into syllables. 

SYL'LA-BLE, n. |L. syllaba ; Gr. avWafin-] 1- A letter, or 
a combination of letters, uttered together, or at a single 
effort or impulse of the voice. 2. A small part of a sen- 
tence or discourse ; something very concise. 

t SYIi'LA-BLE, «. ^ To utter 5 to articulate. Milton. 

SYL'LA-BUB, n. A compound drink made of wine and 
milk. 

SYL'LA-BUS, n. [L.] An abstract ; a compendium contain- 
ing the heads of a discourse. 

SYL-LEP'SIS, 71. [Gr. av>.'Xri(pis-] 1. In gramiaar, a figure 
by wliich we conceive the sense of words otherwise than 
the words import, and construe them according to the in- 
tention of the author ; otherwise called suhstitution. 2 
The agreement of a verb or adjective, not with the word 
next to it, but with the most worthy in the sentence. 

SYL'L0-6lSM, 71. [L. syllogismas ; Gi. avWoyicixog.'] A 
form of reasoning or argument, consisting of three propo- 
sitions, of which the two first are called Xhe, premises, and 
the last the conclusion, 

SYL-L0-6rS'TI€, \ a. Pertaining to a syllogism ; con- 

SYL-L0-6IS'TI-€AL, \ sisting of a syllogism, or of the 
form of reasoning uy syllogisms. 

SYL-L0-6IS'-TI-€AL-LY, adv. In the form of a syllogism ; 
by means of syllogisms. 

SYL-LO-6I-Za'TION, n. A reasoning by syllogisms. 

SYL'LO-GiZE, V. i. To reason by syllogisms 

SYL'LO-6lZ'ER, n. One who reasons by syllogisms. 

SYL'LO-6lZ-lNG, ppr. Reasoning by syllogisms. 

SYLPH, 71. [Fr. sylphide ; Gr. ciXcprj.] An imaginary being 
inhabiting the air. Pope. 

SYL'VA, n. [L.l 1 . In poetry, a poetical piece composed in 
a start or kind of transport. 2. A collection of poetical 
pieces of various kinds. Cyc. 

SYL'VAN. See Silvan. 

SYL'VAN, 71. A fabled deity of the wood ; a satyr; a faun 5 
sometimes, perhaps, a rustic. 

SYL'VAN-ITE, ?i. Native tellurium, a metallic substance. 

SYM'BAL. See Cymbal. 

SYM'BOL, 71. [L. symholum ; Gr. o-ii///?oXov.] 1. The sign or 
representation of any moral thing by the images or proper- 
ties of natural things. 2. An emblem or representation of 
something else. 3. A letter or chajacter which is signifi- 
cant. — 4. In medals, a certain mark or figure representing 
a being or thing ; as, a trident is the symbol of Neptune. — 

5. Among Christians, an abstract or compendium; the 
creed, or a summary of the articles of religion. Baker. 

6. Lot; sentence of adjudication; [obs.] 
SYM-BOL'ie, ) a. Representative ; exhibiting or ex- 
SYM-BOL'I-CAL, \ pressing by resemblance or signs. 
SYM-BOL'I-€AL-LY, adv. By representation or resem- 
blance of properties ; by signs ; typically. 

SYM'BOL-ISM, n. Among chemists, consent of parts. 

SYM-BOL-I-Za'TION, 71. The act of symbolizing ; resem- 
blance inproperties. Brown. 

SYM'BOL-iZE, v. i. [Fr. symboliser.} To have a resemblance 
of qualities or properties. 

SYM'BOL-iZE, V. t. 1. lo make to agree in properties. 2. 
To makerepresentative of something. Brown. 

SYM'BOL-lZ-ING, ppr. Representing by some properties in 
common ; making to agree or resemble. 

SYM'ME-TRAL, a [from symmetry J Commensurable. 
More. _ 

SYM-Me'TRI-AN, ) n. One eminently studious of propor- 

SYM'ME-TRIST, ) tion or symmetry of parts. 

SYM-MET'RI-€AL, a. Proportional in its parts ; having its 
parts in due proportion, as to dimensions. 

SYM-MET'RI-CAL-LY, adv. With due proportion of parts. 

SYM'ME-TRiZE, v. t. To make proportional in its parts ; 
to reduce to symmetry. Burke. 

SYM'ME-TRY, n. [Gr. cvjxncTDia ; Fr. symetrie ; It., Sp. 
simetria.] A due p'-oportion of the several parts of a body 
to each other ; the ..iiion and conformity of the members 
of a work to the whole. 

SYM-PA-THET'ie, ) a. [Fr. sympathique.l 1. Pertain- 

SYM-PA-THET'I-€AL, \ ing to sympathy. 2. Having 
common feeli-ng with another; susceptible of being affect- 
ed by feelings like those of another, or of feelings in con- 
sequence of what another feels. — 3. Among physicians, 
produced by sympathy. — 4. Among chemists and alchi- 

mists) an epithet applied to a kind of powder 5. In 

anatomy, sympathetic is applied to two nerves, from the 
opinion t^iat their communications are the cause of sym- 
pathies. 

SYM-PA-THET'I-€AL-LY, adv. With sympathy or com- 
mon feeling; in consequence of sympathy. 

SYM'PA-THiZE, 7;. i. [Fr. sympathiser.'} 1. To have a com- 



mon feeling, as of bodily pleasure or pain. 2. To teel in 
consequence of what another feels ; to be affected by feel- 
ings similar to those of another, in consequence of know- 
ing the person to be thus affected. 3. To agree ; to fit: 
[obs.] 

SYM'PA-THY, 71. [Gr. ffviinaOeia.] 1. Fellow-feeling ; the 
quality of being affected by the affection of another, witl* 
feelings correspondent in kind, if not in degree. 2. An 
agreement of affections or inclinations, or a conformity of 
natural temperament, which makes two persons pleased 
with each other. — 3. In medicine, a correspondence of va- 
rious parts of the body in similar sensations or affections ; 
or an affection of the whole body, or some part of it, in 
consequence of an injury or disease of another part, or of 
a local affection. Cyc. — 4. In natural history, a propension 
of inanijnate things to unite, or to act on each other. 

SYM-PHC'NI-OUS, a. [from symphony.] Agreeing in sound ; 
accordant ;_harmonious. Milton. 

SYM PHO-NiZE, V. i. To agree with ; to be in unison with. 

SYM'PHO-NY, n. [L. symphonia ; Fr. symphonic.] 1. A 
consonance or harmony of sounds agreeable to the ear. 
2. A musical instrument. 3. A full concert. 4. An over- 
ture or other composition for instruments. 

SYM'PHY-SIS, 71. [Gr. Gvp<pvci';.] 1. In anatomy, the mdoxi 
of bones by cartilage ; a connection of bones without a 
movable joint. — 2. In surgery, a coalescence of a natural 
passage ; also, the first intention of cure in a wound. 

SYM-Po'SI-A€, a. [Gr. cvii-aocia.] Pertaining to compota- 
tions and merry-making ; happening where company is 
drinking together. 

SYM-Po'SI-AC, 71. A conference or conversation of philoso- 
phers ^t a banquet. Plutarch. 

SYM-Po'SI-UM, n. A drinking together; a merry feast. 

SYMP'TOM,7i. [Yx.symptovie; Gr. o-u/ijrrw/za.] 1. Properly 
something that happens in concurrence with another 
thing, as an attendant. 2. A sign or token; that which 
indicates the existence of something else. 

SYMP-TO-MAT'ie, )a. 1. Pertaining to symptoms ; 

SYMP-TO-MAT'I-€AL, \ happening in concurrence with 
something ; indicating the existence of something else. — 

2. In medicine, a symptomatic disease is one which pro- 
ceeds from some prior disorder in some part of the body 

3. According to symptoms. 
SYMP-TO-MAT'I-€AL-LY, adv. By means of symptoms , 

in the nature of symptoms. Wiseman. 

SYMP-T0-MA-T0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. avixnTWija.] The doc- 
trine of symptoms ; that part of the science of medicine 
which treats of the symptoms of diseases. 

SYN-A-GOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to a synagogue. 

SYN'A-GOGUE, (syn'a-gog) n. [Fr. ; Gr. avvaywyrj.] 1. A 
congregation or assembly of Jews, met for the purpose of 
worship or the performance of religious rites. 2. The 
house appropriated to the religious worship of the Jews. 
3. The court of the seventy elders among the Jews, called 
the great synagogue. 

SYN'A-GRIS, 71. A fish caught in the Archipelago, resem 
bling the dentex. 

SYN-A-LE'PHA, n. [Gr. avva'XoLfTj.] In grammar, a con- 
traction of syllables by suppressing some vowel or diph- 
thong at the end of a word, before another vowel or 
diphthong. 

SYN'AR-€HY, 71. [Gr. (rvvap)(^ia.] Joint rule or sovereignty. 

SY-NAR'E-SIS, ) 71. [Gr. ovvaipetng.] Contraction ; the 

SY-NAR'E-SY, ) shortening of a word by the omission 
of a letter. 

SYN-AR-THRO'SIS, n. [Gr. (tvv and apdpow.] Union of 
bones without motion ; close union ; as in sutures, sym- 
physis and the like. 

SY-NAX'IS, 7?. [Gr.] A congregation ; also, a term formerly 
used for the Lord's supper. 

SYN-CHON-DRo'SIS, n. [Gr. cvv and xov^po?.] The con- 
nection of bones by means of cartilage or gristle. 

SYN'€HRO-NAL, a. [Gr. cvv and XP°'^°^-] Happening at 
the same time ; simultaneous. 

SYN'€HRO-NAL, n. That which happens at the same time 
with something else, or pertains to the same time. 

SYN-€HRON'I-€AL, a. Happening at the same time ; si- 
multaneous. Boyle. 

SYN'CRO-NISM, n. [Gr. cvv and %povof.] Concurrence of 
two or more events in time ; simultaneousness. Hale. 

SYN'CHRO-NiZE, v. i. To agree in time ; to be simulta 
neous. Robinson. 

SYN'CHRO-NOUS, a. Happening at the same time ; simul 
taneous. Arbuthnot. 

SYN'CHRO-NOUS-LY, adv. At the same time. 

SYN'CHY-SIS, 71. [Gr. cvv and x^^-] ^ confusion ; a con 
fused arrangement of words in a sentence. Knatchbull. 

SYJM 'CO-PATE, V. t. 1. To contract, as a word, by takinj 
one or more letters or syllables from the middle.— 2. I* 
music, to prolong a note, begun on the unaccented part of 
a bar, to the accented part of the next bar. 

SYN'CO-PA-TED, pp. 1. Contracted by the loss of a letter 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE -BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; ffi as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolett 



SYN 



820 



SYS 



from the middle ol :he word. S. Inverted, as the meas- 
ure in music. 
SYN-eO-PA'TION, n. 1, The contraction of a word by tak- 
ing a letter, letters or a syllable from the middle.— 2. In 
music, an interruption of the regular measure ; an inver- 
sion of the order of notes ; a prolonging of a note, beguji 
on the unaccented part of a bar, to the accented part of 
the next bar. 

SYN'€0-PE, ) n. [Gr. GvyKoirT},] 1. In mvs^ic, the same as syn- 

SYN'CO-PY, ) copation ,- the division of a note introduced 
when two or more notes of one part answer to a single 
note of another. — ^. In grammar, an elision or retrench- 
ment of one or more letters or a syllable from the middle 
of a word. — 3. In medicine, a famting or swooning. Cyc. 
SYN'€0-PIST, n. One who contracts words. 

SYN'€0-PlZE, V. t. To contract by the omission of a letter 
or syllable. 

SYN'DI€, n. [L. syndicus ; Gr. cvv^kos.'] An officer of 
government, invested with different powers in different 
countries ; a kind of magistrate intrusted with the affairs 
of a city or community. 

SYN'DI-€ATE, n. In some countries on the European con- 
tinent, a council ; a branch of government. 

SYN'DI-€ATE, v. t. To judge, or to censure. 

SYN'DRO-ME, \ n. [Gr. avv^fojxr].] 1. Concurrence. Olan- 

SYN'DRO-MY, \ ville. — 2. In medicine, the concourse or 
combination of symptoms in a disease. 

SY-NE€'DO-€HE, ) n. [Gr. cvveKSoyr].] In rhetoric, a fig- 

SY-NEe'DO-€HY, \ ure or trope by which the whole of 
a thing is put for a part, or a part for the whole ; as tlie 
genus for the species, or the species for the genus, &c. 
Cyc. 

SYN-E€-DOeH'I-€AL, a. Expressed by synecdoche ; im- 
plying a synecdoche. Boyle. 

SYN-E€-DOeH'-I-€AI^LY, adv. According to the synec- 
dochical mode of speaking. Pearson. 

SYN-Ee-PHO-NE'SIS, n. A contraction of two syllables 
into one. Mason. 

SYN-ER-6ET IC, a. Cooperating. Dean Tucker 

SYN-ER-6IS'TI€, a. [Gr. avvEpya^oiiai.] Cooperating. 
Dean Tucker. 

SYN'GE-NESE, n. [Gr. avv and yevtcris.] In botany, a 
plant whose stamens are united in a cylindrical form by 
the anthers. 

SYN-6E-Ne'SIAN, a. Pertaining to the class synge- 
nesia. 

SYN-NEU-Ro'SIS, n. [Gr. (tvv and veupov.J In anatomy, 
the connection of parts by means of ligaments, as in the 
movable joints. 

SYN'OD, 71. [Gr. crvvoSoi.] 1. In church history, a council 
or meeting of ecclesiastics to consult on matters of relig- 
ion. 2. A meeting, convention or council. — 3. In astron- 
omy, a conjunction of two or more planets or stars in the 
same optical place of the heavens. 

SYN'0-DAL, n. 1. Anciently, a pecuniary rent, paid to the 
bishop or archdeacon at the time of his Easter visitation, 
by every parish priest j a procuration. 2. Constitutions 
made in provincial or diocesan synods, are sometimes 
called synodals. 

qv-Nnn/TP ' \ °" Pertaining to a synod ; transacted in 

SY-NODicAU,^ a synod. Stillingjieet. 

SY-NOD'I-CAL^LY, adv. By the authority of a synod. 

SY-NOM'0-SY, 71. [Gr. truvw/zoata.] Sworn brotherhood j 
a society in ancient Greece nearly resembling a modern 
political club. Mitfard. 

SY-NON'I-MAL-LY, adv. Synonymously. Spelman. 

SYN'O-NYM, 71. [Gr. tn;vwvu//of.] A name, noun or other 
word, having the same signification as another, is its syn- 
onym. 

SY-NON'Y-MA, n. phi. Words having the same significa- 
tion. 

f SY-NON'Y-MAL, a. Synonymous. 

SY-NON'Y-MIST, a. Among botanists, a pei-son who col- 
lects the different names or synonyms of plants, and 
reduces them to one another. 

SY-NON'Y-MiZE, v. t. To express the same meaning in 
different words. Camden. 

SY-NON Y-MOUS, a. Expressing the same thing; convey- 
ing the same idea. 

SY-NON'Y-MOUS-LY, adv. In a synonymous manner; in 
the same sense ; with the same meaning. 

SY-NON'Y-MY, n. 1. The quality of expressing the same 
meaning by different words. — 2. In rhetoric, a figure by 
which synonymous words are used to amplify a dis- 
course. 

SY-NOP'SIS, 71. [Gr. cvvo\\ii?.'] A general view, or a col- 
lection of things or parts so arranged as to exhibit the 
whole or the principal parts in a general view. 

SY-NOP'Tie, \ a. Affording a general view of the 

SY-NOP'TI-€AL, \ whole, or of the principal parts of a 
thing. 



SY-NOP'TI-€AL-LY, adv. In such a manner as to present 

a general view in a short compass. 
SY-No'VI-A, ) 71. In anatomy, the fluid secreted into the cav 
SYN'O-VY, S itiesofjoints, for the purpose of lubricatinf 

them. 
SY-No VI-AL, a. Pertaining to synovia ; secreting a lubri 
eating fluid. Cyc. 

SY:\-TA€^TI€, ) a. 1. Pertaining to syntax, or tlj» 

SYN-TA€'TI-€AL, \ construction of sentences. 2. Ar 

cording to the rules of syntax or construction. 
SYN-TA€'TI-€AL-LY, adv. In conformity to syntax. 

SYN'TAX, 71. [L. syntaxis; Gr. cvvra^is.'] 1. In grammar 
the construction of sentences ; the due arrangement of 
words in sentences, according to established usage. 2. 
Connected system or order ; union of things; [ohs.'l 

SYN-TE-Rk'SIS, 7i. [Gr. ouv and T^ptw.J A remorse ot 
conscienct:^. Bp. Ward. 

SYN'THE-SIS, 71. [Gr. cvvQeois.] 1. Composition, or the 
putting of two or more tilings togetJier, as in compound 
medicines. — 2. In logic, composition, or that process of 
reasoning in which we advance by a regular chain from 
principles before established or assumed, and propositions 
already proved, till we arrive at the conclusion. — 3. In 
surgery, the operation by which divided parts are reunited. 
Cyc. — 4. In chemistry, the unitmg of elements into a 
compound ; the opposite of analysis. 

SYN-THET'I€, ; a. Pertaining to synthesis ; consisting 

SYN-THET'I-€AL, \ in synthesis or composition. 

SYN-THET'I-€AL^LY, adv. By synthesis ; by composition. 

SYj\'THE-TiZE, v. t. To unite in regular structure. [Utile 
used.l 

SYN-TON'ie, a. [Gr. cvv and rovog.'] In music, sharp ; 
intense. Rousseau. 

SYPH I-LIS. See Siphilis. 

SY'PHON, n. [Gr. cKpwv.] A tube or pipe. More correct- 
ly, siphon, which see. 

Sy"'REN. See Siren. 

SYR'I-AC, n. The language of Syria, especially the ancient 
language of that country. 

SYR'1-A€, a. Pertainuig to Syria, or its language. 

SYR'I-A-CISM, n. A Syrian idiom. Milton. 

SYRT-AN, a. Pertaining to Svria, 

SYRT-AN-ISM, 71. A Syrian idiom. Paley. 

SYR'I-ASM, n. The same as Syrianism. fVarburton. 

SY-RIN'GA, 71. [Gr. cvpiy^, avpiyyos.] A genus of plants, 
the lilac. 

SYR'lNGEj (sir'inj) n. An instrument for injecting liquids 
into animal bodies, into wounds, &c.; or an instrument in 
the form of a pump, serving to imbibe any fluid, and then 
to expel it with force. 

SYR lN6E, v. t. To inject by means of a pipe or syringe 
to wash and cleanse by injections from a syringe. 

SYR-IN-GOT' 0-MY, n. [Gi. rrvpcy^ ajid rtfxvo.] The op. 
eration for cutting for the fistula. Cyc. 

SYRT, ?i. [L. syrtis.] A bog ; a quicksand. Young. 

SYR'TIS, 71. [L.l A quicksand. [JSTot English.] Milton. 

SYR'UP. See Sirup. 

SYS'TA-SIS, 74. [Gr. cvaraaig.] The consistence of a 
thing; constitution. [Little u^ed.] Burke. 

SYS'TEM, 7i. [Fr. systeme ; L, systema ; Gr. o-u(rr»//ja.l 1. 
An assemblage of things adjusted into a regular whole 3 
or a whole plan or scheme consisting of many parts con- 
nected in such a manner as to create a chain of mutual 
dependencies. 2. Regular method or order. — 3. In music, 
an interval compounded or supposed to be compounded 
of several lesser intervals. 

SYS-TE-MAT'I€, \ a. 1. Pertaming to system; con- 

SYS-TE-MAT'I-€AL, ^ sisting in system; methodical. 
2. Proceeding according to system or regular method. 

SYS-TE-MAT'I-CAL-LY, adv. In the form of a system ; 
methodicallv. Boyle. 

SYS'TEM-A-TIST, I n. One who forms a system, or re- 

SYS'TEM-A-TiZ-ER, \ duces to system. 

*SYS'TEM-A-TiZE, v.t. [Systemize is the more regular 
and proper formation of tliis word.] To reduce to a sys- 
tem or regular method. 

SYS-TEM-I-Za'TION, n. The actor operation of systemiz- 
ing; the reduction of things to system or regular 
method. 

SYS'TEM-iZE, V. t. To reduce to system or regular 
method. _ 

SYS'TEM-IZED, pp. Reduced to system or method. 

SYS'TEM-lZ-ER, n. One who reduces things to system. 

SYS'TEM-lZ-ING, ppr. Reducing to system or due meth- 
od. 

SYS'TEM-MaK-ER, 71. One who forms a system. 

SYS'TEM-M6N-GER, n. One given to the forming of sys 
tems. Chesterfield. 

SYS'TO-LE, ] n. [Gr. uvcTo\ri.] 1. In grammar, the 

SYS'TO-LY, S shortening of a long syllable.— 2. In anat- 
omy, the contraction of the heart for expelling the bloo'l 
and carrying on the circulation. 



* «/.« ««r,o^fl, X w T o f7, Y, Zon^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY;— PIN," MARINE, BiRD;— ] Obsolete. 



TAB 



821 



TAG 



SYS'TYLE, n. [Gr. gvv and aruXos.] In architecture, the 
manner of placing columns, where the place between the 
two shafts consists of two diameters or four modules. 

S"2THE, ?i. [Sax. sMe; D. seissen.] 1. An instrument for 
mowing grass, or cutting other grain or vegetables. 2. The 
curved sharp blade used anciently in war chariots. 



t S^THE, V. t. To mow. Shan. 

SyTHED, a. Armed with sythes, as a chariot. 

SYTHE'MAN, n. One who uses a sythe ; a mower. 

SYZ'Y-6Y, n. [Gr. av^vyia.] The conjunction or opposi- 
tion of a planet with the sun, or of any two of the 
heavenly bodies. 



T. 



IT ia the twentieth letter of the English Alpliabet,, and a 
• close consonant. It represents a close joining of the 
end of the tongue to the root of the upper teeth, as may 
be perceived by the syllables at, et, ot, ut, in attempting 
to pronounce which, the voice is completely intercepted 
It is therefore numbered among the mutes, or close artic- 
ulations, and it differs from d chiefly in its closeness. 
The letters tl, before a vowel, and unaccented, usually 
pass into the sound of sh, as in nation, motion, partial. In 
this case, t loses entirely its proper sound. In a few 
words, the combination ti has the sound of the English ch, 
as in Christian, question. 

T. as an abbreviation, stands for theolo^ia ; as, S. T. D. 
sancta theologia doctor, doctor of divinity. 

As a numeral, T, among the Latins, stood for 160, and, with 
a dash over the top, T, for 160,000. 

TAB'ARD, n. [W. tahar ; It. tabarra.] A short gown ; a 
herald's coat. [JVoJ used in the U. States.] 

TA B'ARD-ER, n One who wears a tabard . 

TAB-A-SHEER, n A Persian word signifying a concretion 
found in the joints of the bamboo. 

TAB'BIED, pp. Watered ; made wavy. 

TAB'BY, a. Brinded ; brindled ; diversified in color. 

TAB'BY, n. [Fr. tabis ; It., Sp., Port, tabi ; Dan. tabin.] 1. 
A kind of waved silk, usually watered. 2. A mixture of 
stone or shells and mortar, which becomes hard as a rock. 

TAB'BY, V. t. To water or cause to look wavy. Cyc. 

TAB'BY-ING, n. The passing of stuffs under a calender to 
give them a wavy appearance. 

TAB-E-F ACTION, n. [L. tabeo and facio.] A wasting 
away ; a gradual losing of flesh by disease. 

TAB'E-FY, V i. [Heb.] To consume ; to waste gradually ; 
to lose flesh. [Little used.] Harvey. 

TAB'ERD. See Tabard. 

TAB'ER-NA-€LE, n. [L. tabernaculuvi.] 1. A tent. J^Tuvi. 
xxiv. 2. A temporary habitation. — 3. Among the Jews, 
movable building, so contrived as to be taken to pieces 
with ease and reconstructed, for the convenience of being 
carried during the wanderings of the Israelites in the 
wilderness. 4. A place of worship ; a sacred place. 5. 
Our natu^-al body. 2 Cor. v. 6. God's gracious presence, 
or the tokens of it. Rev. xxi. 7. An ornamented chest 
placed on the Roman Catholic altars as a receptacle of the 
ciborium and pyxis. 

TAB'ER-NA -fJLE, v. i. To dwell ; to reside for a time ; to 
be housed. 

TAB-ER-NA€'U-LAR, a. Latticed. Warton. 

TAB'ID, a. [Fr. tabide ; L. tabidus.] Wasted by disease ; 
consumptive Arbuthnot. 

TAB'ID-NESS, n. State of being wasted by disease ; con- 
sumptiveness. 

tTAB'I-TUDE, 71. [L. tabitudo.] A consumption ; a wast- 
ing away by disease. Cockcrani. 

TAB'LA-TURE, 71. 1. Painting on walls and ceilings; a 
single piece comprehended in one view, and formed ac- 
cording to one design. — 'H. In music, the expression of 
sounds or notes of composition by letters of the alphabet 
or ciphers, or other characters. — 3. In anatomy, a division 
or parting of the skull into two tables. 

Ta'BLE, 71. [Fr.; L tabula; It. tavola; Sp. tabla.] 1. A 
flat surface of some *»xtent, or a thing that has a flat sur- 
face. 2. An article of furniture, used for a great variety 
of purposes, as for holding dishes of meat, for writing on, 
&c. 3. Fare or entertainment of provisions. 4. The 
persons sitting at table or partaking of entertainment. 5. 
A tablet ; a surface on which any thing is written or en- 
graved. 6. A picture, or something that exhibits a view 
of any thing on a flat surface. — 7. Amoncc Christians, the 
table, or Lord's table, is the sacrament, or holy communion 
of the Lord's supper. 8. The altar of burnt-offering. Mai. 
i. — 9. In architecture, a smooth, simple member or orna- 
ment, of various forms, most usually in that of a long 
•.quare. — 10. In perspective, a plain surfece, supposed to 
be transparent and perpendicular to the horizon.— 11. In 
anatomy, a division of the cranium or skull. — 12. In the 
D-lass manufactwre, a circular sheet of finished glass. — 13. 
In literature, an index ; a collection of heads or principal 
matters contained in a book, with references to the pages 
where each may be found. 14. A synopsis ; many partic- 



ulars brought into one view. 15. The palm of the hand 
16. Draughts ; small pieces of wood shifted on squares 
— 17. In mathematics, tables are systems of numbers cal- 
culated to be ready for expediting operations. — 18 Astro- 
nomical tables are computations of the motions, places 
and other phenomena of the planets, both primary and 
secondary. — 19. In chemistry, a list or catalogue of sub- 
stances or their properties. — 20. In general, any series of 
numbers formed on mathematical or other correct princi- 
ples. 21. A division of the ten coniinandir.ents ; as the 
first and second tables. — 22. Among jewelers, a table dia- 
mond, or other precious stone, is one whose upper surface 
is quite flat, and the sides only cut in angles. 23. A list 
or catalogue. 

Twelve tables, the laws of the Romans, so called, probably, 
because engraved on so many tables. — To turn the tables, 
to change the condition or fortune of contending parties ; 
a metaphorical expression taken from the vicissitudes of 
fortune in gaming. Drydcn. 

Ta'BLE, v. i. To board ; to diet or live at the table of 
another. South. 

Ta'BLE, v. t. 1. To form into a table or catalogue. 2. To 
board ; to supply with food. 3. To let one piece of timber 
into another, by alternate scores or projections from the 
middle. 

Ta'BLE-BED,7i. a bed in the form of a table. 

Ta'BLE-BEER, n. Beer for the table ; small be'er. 

Ta'BLE-BOOK, n. [table and book.] A book on which 
any thing'is engraved or written without ink. 

Ta'BLE-€LOTH, 71. A cloth for covering a table. 

Ta'BLED, pp. Formed into a table. 

Ta'BLE-LAND, n. Elevated, flat land. 

Ta'BLE-MAN, n. A man at draughts ; a piece of wood. 

Ta'BLER, n. One who boards. Ainsworth. 

Ta'BLES, 71. plu. A board used for back-gammon. 

TAB'LET, 71. 1. A small table or flat surface. 2. Something 
flat on which to write, paint, draw or engrave. 3. A 
medicine in a square form. 

Ta'BLE-TALK, n. Conversation at table or at meals. 

TA'BlilNGl'ppr. Boarding; forming into a table; letting 
one timber into another by scores. 

Ta'BLING, n. 1. A forming into tables ; a setting down in 
order. 2. The letting of one timber into another by alter- 
nate scores or projections, as in ship-building. — 3. In sail- 
makiiig, a broad hem made on the skirts of sails by turning 
over the edge of tlie canvas, and sewing it down. 

TA-BOO', 71. In the isles of the Pacific, a word denoting 
prohibition or religious interdict, which is of great force 
among the inhabitants. 

TA-BOO', V. t. To forbid, or to forbid the use of; to inter- 
dict approach or use. 

Ta'BOR, 71. [W. tabwrz ; Ir. tabar ; Old Fr. tabour.] A 
small drum used as an accompaniment to a pipe or fife. 

Ta'BOR, v. i. 1. To strike lightly and frequently. 2. To 
play on a tabor or little drum. 

Ta'BOR-ER, n. One who beats the tabor. Shak. 

TAB'0-RET, 71. [from tabor.] A small tabor. Spectator. 

TAB'O-RINE, \7i. [¥r. tabourin.] A tabor; a small drum. 

TAB'0-RIN, \ Shale. 

t T/V«'RERE, n. A taborer. Spenser. 

TAB'RET, 71. A tabor. 1 Sam. xviii. 

TAB'U-LAR, a. [L. tabularis.] 1. In the form of a table 5 
having a flat or square surface. 2. Having the form ot 
lamina or plates. 3. Set down in tables. 4. Set in squares. 

TAB'U-LATE, v. t. 1. To reduce to tables or synopses. 2. 
To shape with a flat surface. Johnso7i. 

TAB'U-LA-TED, pp. Having a flat or square flat surface. 

TAC-A-MA-HACA, )n. 1. A tree of a sweet fragrance, 

TAC-A-MA-HAC, \ planted in gardens as an ornament. 
2. A resin obtained in America from the fragara octandra. 

Ta'CE, from L. taceo, a term used in Italian music, direct- 
ing to be silent. 

Ta'CET, in music, is used when a vocal or instrumental part 
is to be silent during a whole movement. Cyc. 

t TACH, ) n. Something used for taking hold or holding • 

t TACHE, \ a catch ; a loop ; a button. 

t TA-€HYG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. raxvs and y^acpu).] The 
art or practice of quick writing. 

TACIT, a. [Fr. tacite ; L. tacitus.j Silent ; implied, but 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; as J •, S as Z ; CH as SH 5 TH as in this f Obsolete. 



TAT 



822 



TAK 



not expressed. Tacit consent is consent by silence, or 
not interposing an objection. 

TAC'IT-LY, adv. Silently ; by implication ; without words. 

TAC'I-TURN, ffl. [L. tacitumus.] Habitually silent 3 not 
free to converse ; not apt to talk or speak. Smollett. 

TAC-I-TURN'I-TY, n. [Fr. tacitumite ; L. tacitumitas .'] 
Habitual silence or reserve in speaking. Arbuthnot. 

£A€K,v. t. [Gr. raairw ; Fr. attacker; It. attaccare; Sp. 
atacar.] 1. To fasten ; to attach. 2. To unite by stitch- 
ing together. 3. To fasten slightly by nails. 

t TACK, or t TACHE, n. [Fr. tache.] A spot. 

TA€K, n. [Ir. taca ; Arm. tach.] 1. A small nail. 2. A 
rope used to confine the foremost lower corners of the 
courses and stay-sails. 3. The part of a sail to which the 
tack is usually fastened. 4. The course of a ship in re- 
gard to th3 position of her sails.— To hold tack, to last or 
hold out. Tusser. 

TA€K, V. i. To change the course of a ship by shifting the 
tacks and position of the sails from one side to the other. 
Mar. Diet. 

TA€K, n. In rural economy, a shelf on which cheese is 
dried. {Local.] — TVzc/co/Zarwf, the termof alease. [Local.] 

TAeK'ER, n. One who tacks or makes an addition. 

TA€K'ET, 71. A small nail. Barret. 

TA€K'ING, ppr. Changing a ship's course. 

TAG'KLE, n. [D. takel ; G. takel, takeln ; Sw. tackel,tackla ; 
Dan. takkel, takler.] 1. A machine for raising or lowering 
heavy weights, consisting of a rope and blocks, called a 
pulley. 2. Instruments of, action ; weapons. 3. An ar- 
row. 4. The rigging and apparatus of a ship. 

TA€'KLE, v.. t. 1. To harness ; as, to tackle a horse into a 
gig ; [a common use of the word in America.] 2. To 
seize ; to lay hold of. [JVew England.] 3. To supply 
with tackle. Beaumont. 

TA€'KLED, pp. I. Harnessed ; seized. 2. Made of ropes 
tacked together. Shak. 

TA€K'LING, ppr. Harnessing ; putting on harness ; seiz- 
ing J falling on. 

rA€K'LING, 71. 1. Furniture of the masts and yards of a 
ship, as cordage, sails, &c. 2. Instruments of action. 3. 
Harness ; the instruments of drawing a carriage. 

TACKS'MAN, 71. One who holds a tack or lease of land 
from another ; a tenant or lessee. [Local.] 

TACT, 71. [L. tactus ; Fr. tact ; It. tatto ; Sp. tacto.] 1. 
Touch ; feeling 5 formerly, the stroke in beating time in 
music. [T)a.n. tagt.] 2. Peculiar skill or faculty 3 nice 
perception or discernment. Am. Review. 

TA€'TI€, ) a. [See Tactics,] Pertaining to the art of 

TA€'TI-€AL, \ military and naval dispositions for battle, 
evolutions, &c. 

TA€-TI"CIAN, n. One versed in tactics. 

TA€'TieS, n. [Gr. tuktikos ; Fr. tactique.] 1. The science 
and art of disposing military and naval forces in order for 
battle, and performing military and naval evolutions. 2. 
The art of inventing and making machines for throwing 
darts, arrows, stones and other missile weapons. 

TA€'TlLE, I a. [Fr. tactile ; L. tactilis.] Tangible ; sus- 

TAOTIL, \ ceptibleof touch ; that may be felt. iTaZe. 

TA€-TIL'I-TY, n. Tangibleness ; perceptibility of touch. 

TACTION, 71. [Fr. ; L. tactio.] The act of touching ; 
touch. 

TA-DOR'NA, 71. [Sp. tadorno.] A name of the shel-drake, 
vulpanser, or borough-duck. Cyc. 

TAD'POLE, n. [Sax. tade, with pola.] A frog in its first 
state from the spawn ; a porwiggle. 

Ta'EN, (tane). The poetical contraction of taken. 

TAF'EL-SPATH, n. A lamellar mineral. 

TAF'FER-EL, 71. [D.taffereel.] The upper part of a ship's 
stern, which is flat like a table on the top, and sometimes 
ornamented with carved work. Cyc. 

TAF'FE-TA, n. [Fr. tafetas, taffetas ; It. taffetta.] A fine, 
smooth stuff of silk, having usually a remarkable gloss. 

TAG, n. [Sw. tagg ; Ice. tag; Dan. tagger, takker.] 1. A 
metallic point put to the end of a string. 2. Something 
mean and paltry ; [vulgar.] Shak. 3. A young sheep ; 
[local.] 

TAG, V. t. 1. To fit with a point ; as, to tag lace. 2. To fit 
one thing to another ; to append to. 3. To join or fasten. 
Swift. 

TAG, n. A play in which the person gains who tags, that 
is, touches another. 

TAG-SORE, 71. A disease in sheep. Cyc, 

TAG-TaIL, n. [tag and tail.] A worm which has its tail 
of another color. Walton. 

TAIL, 71. [Sax. tcBgl ; Ice. tagl.] 1. The part of an animal 
which terminates its body behind. 2. The lower part, 
noting inferiority. 3. Any thing hanging long ; a catkin. 
4. The hinder part of any thing. — 5. In anatomy, that 
tendon of a muscle which is fixed to the movable part. — 
6. In botany, the tail of a sp^ed is a downy or feathery ap- 
pendage to certain seeds, formed of the permanent elon- 
gated style. Cyc. — 7. Horse^s tail, among the Tartars and 
Chinese, is an ensign or flag ; among the Turks, a stan- 



dard borne before the grand visier, bashaws and the san» 
giacs. — 8. In heraldry, the tail of a hart. — P. In music, the 
part of a nete running upwards or downwards. 10. The 
extremity or last end. 

Tail, 71. [Fr. tailler ; Sp. tallar ; It. tagliare.] In law^ an 
estate in tail is a limited fee ; an estate limited to certain 
heirs, and from which the other heirs are precluded. 

Tail, v. t. To pull by the tail. Hudibras. 

TaILLE, (tale) n. The fee which is opposite to fee-shnple, 
because it is so minced or pared, that it is not in his free 
power to be disposed of, who owns it ; bu* it is, bj- the first 
giver, cut or divided from all other, and tied to the issue 
of the donee. Cowel. 

ITaIL'AGE, or tTAL'LI-A6E,7i. [Fr. tailler.] Literally, 
a share ; hence, a tax or toll. Blackstone. 

Tailed, a. Having a tall. Grew. 

TaIL'INGS, n. plu. The lighter parts of grain blown to one 
end of the heap in winnowing. [Local.] 

TaIL'OR, n. [Fr. tailleur.] One whose occupation is to cut 
out and make men's garments. 

TaIL'OR, v. i. To practice making men's clothes. Oreen. 

TaIL'OR-ESS, 71. A female who makes garments for men . 

TaIL'OR-ING, n. The business of a tailor. 

TaINT, v. t. [Fr. teindre ; L. tingo.] 1. To imbue or im- 
pregnate, as with some extraneous matter which alters the 
sensible qualities of the substance. — ^2. More generally, to 
impregnate with something odious, noxious or poisonous 
3. To infect ; to poison. 4. To corrupt, as by incipient 
putrefaction. 5. To stain; to sully; to tarnish. 6. To 
corrupt, as blood ; to attaint ; [obs.] see Attaint. 

TaINT, v. i. 1. To be infected or corrupted ; to be touched 
with something corrupting. 2. To be aff"ected with incipi- 
ent putrefaction. 

TaINT, n. 1. Tincture ; stain. 2. Infection ; corruption ; 
depravation. 3. A stain ; a spot ; a blemish on reputa- 
tion. 4. An insect ; a kind of spider. 

TaINT'ED, pp. Impregnated with something noxious, dis- 
agreeable to the senses, or poisonous ; infected ; corrupted j 
stained. 

TaINT'FREE, a. Free from taint or guilt. 

TaINT'ING, 2)pr. Impregnating with something foul or poi- 
sonous ; infecting ; corrupting ; staining. 

TaINT'LESS, a. Free from taint or infection ; pure. Swift. 

TaINT'URE, n. [L. tinctura.] Taint ; tinge ; defilement j 
stain ; spot. [J^Tot much used.] Shak. 

TAJASSU ( **■ "^^^ peccary or Mexican hog. 

TAKE, V. t. ; pret. took ; pp. taken. [Sax. twcan, thicgan , 
Sw. taga ; Dan. tager ; Ice. taka.] 1. In vl general sense^ 
to get hold or gain possession of a thing in almost any 
manner, either by receiving it when offered, or by using 
exertion to obtain it. — Take differs from seize, as it does 
not always imply haste, force or violence. 2. To receive 
what is offered. 3. To lay hold of; to get into one's 
power for keeping. 4. To receive with a certain affection 
of mind. 5. To catch by surprise or artifice • to circum- 
vent. 6. To seize : to make prisoner. 7. To captivate 
with pleasure ; to engage the affections ; to delight. 8. 
To get into one's power by engines or nets ; to entrap ; to 
insnare. 9. To understand in a particular sense ; to re- 
ceive as meaning. 10. To exact and receive. II. To 
employ ; to occupy. 12. To agree to ; to close in with ; 
to comply with. 13. To form and adopt. 14. To catch ; 
to embrace ; to seize. 15. To admit ; to receive as an im- 
pression ; to suffer. 16. To obtain by active exertion. 
17. To receive ; to receive into the mind. 18. To swal- 
low, as meat or drink. 19. To swallow, as medicine. 
20. To choose ; to elect. 21. To copy. 22. To fasten 
on ; to seize. 23. To accept ; not to refuse. 24. To 
adopt. 25. To admit. 26. To receive, as any temper or 
disposition of mind. 27. To endure ; to bear \vithout re- 
sentment. 28. To draw ; to deduce. 29. To assume. 
30. To allow ; to admit ; to receive as true, or not disput- 
ed. 31. To suppose ; to receive in thought ; to entertain 
in opinion ; to understand. 32. To seize ; to invade. 33. 
To have recourse to. 34. To receive into the mind. 35. 
To hire ; to rent ; to obtain possession on lease. 36. To 
admit in copulation. 37. To draw ; to copy ; to paint a 
likeness. 38. To conquer and cause to surrender ; to gam 
possession of by force or capitulation. 39. To be discov- 
ered or detected. 40. To require or be necessary. 

To take away. 1. To deprive of; to bereave. 2. To remove. 
— To take care. 1. To be careful ; to be solicitous for. 
2. To be cautious or vigilant. — To take care of, to super- 
intend or oversee ; to have the charge of keeping or secur- 
ing. — To take a course, to resort to ; to have recourse to 
measures. — To take one^s own course, to act one's pleas- 
ure ; to pursue the measures of one's own choice. — Tc 
take down. 1. To reduce; to bring lower; to depress. 
2. To swallow. 3. To pull down ; to pull to pieces. 4, 
To write.— To take from. 1. To deprive of. 2. To de- 
duct; to subtract. 3. To detract; to derogate. — To take 
heed, to be careful or cautious. — To take heed to, to attend 
to with care. — To take hold, to seize ; to fix on. — To take 



* See Synopsis A, E, T, C "5, Y, Zow^.— FAR, FALL. WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



TAL 



823 



TAL 



tft. 1. To inclose ; to fence. 2. To encompass or em- 
brace ; to comprise ; to comprehend. 3. To draw into a 
smaller compass; to contract 3 to brail or furl. 4. To 
cheat ; to circumvent ; to gull. 5. To admit ; to receive. 
6. To win by conquest ; [obs.] 7. To receive into the 
mind or undei-standing. — To fake in hand, to undertake ; 
to attempt to execute any thing. — To take notice, 1. To 
observe ; or to observe with particular attention. 2. To 
show by some act that observation is made ; to make re- 
mark upon. — To take oath, to swear with solemnity, or in 
a judicial manner. — To take off. 1. To remove, in various 
ways ; to remove from the top of any thing. 2. To cut off. 
3. To destroy. 4. To remove ; to invalidate. 5. To wim- 
draw ; to call or draw away. 6. To swallow. 7. To 
purchase ; to take from in trade. 8. To copy. 9. To im- 
itate ; to mimic. 10. To find place for.— To take off from, 
to lessen ; to remove in part. — To take order with, to 
check. — To take out. 1. To remove from within a place ; 
to separate ; to deduct. 2. To draw out ; to remove ; to 
clear or cleanse from. — T'o take part, to share. — To take 
part with, to unite with 3 to join with. — To take place. 1 . 
To happen ; to come, or come to pass. 2. To have effect 3 
to prevail. — To take effect, to have the intended effect; 
to be efficacious. — To take root. 1. To live and grow, as 
a plant. 2. To be established, as principles. — To take up. 

1. To lift 3 to raise. 2. To buy or borrow. 3. To begin. 
— 4. In surgery, to fasten with a ligature. 5. To engross ; 
to employ 3 to engage the attention. 6. To have final re- 
course to. 7. To seize 5 to catch 3 to arrest. 8. To ad- 
mit. 9. To answer by reproof 3 to reprimand, 10. To 
begin where another left off. 11. To occupy 5 to fill. 12. 
To assume 3 to carry on or manage for another. 13. To 
comprise 3 to include. 14. To adopt 5 to assume, 15. To 
collect 3 to exact a tax. 16. To paj' and receive. — To take 
%ip arms, or to take arms, to begin war 3 to begin resistance 
by force. — To take upon. I. To assume 3 to undertake. 

2. To appropriate to 5 to admit to be imputed to. — To take 
side, to join one of twodiffering parties. — To take to heart, 
to be sensibly affected by. — To take advantage of, to catch 
by surprise 3 or to make use of a favorable state of things 
to the prejudice of another. — To take the advantafre of, to 
use any advantage offered. — To take air, to be divulged 
or made public 3 to be disclosed, as a secret. — To take the 
air, to expose one's self to the open air. — To take a course, 
to begin a certain direction or way of proceeding — To 
take leave, to bid adieu or farewell.— T'o take breath, to 
rest 3 to be recruited or refreshed, — To take aim, to direct 
the eye or a weapon to a particular object. — To take along, 
to carry, lead or convey. — To take a way, to begin a par- 
ticular course or direction. 

TAKE, v.i. 1. To move or direct the course 3 to resort to, 
or to attach one's self; to betake one's self. 2. To please 3 
to gain reception. Addison. 3. To liave the intended or 
natural effect. 4. To catch 3 to fix, or be fixed. 

To take after. 1. To learn to follow ; to copy 3 to imitate. 
2. To resemble. — To take in icith, to resort to. — To take 
for, to mistake 3 to suppose or think one thing to be an- 
other. — To take on. 1. To be violently affected. 2. To 
claim, as a character. — To take to. 1. To apply to 3 to be 
fond of. 2. To resort to 3 to betake to. — To take up. 1. 
To stop 3 {obs.'] 2. To reform 3 {obs.] — To take up with. 
1. To be contented to receive ; to receive without opposi- 
tion. 2, To lodge 3 to dwell 3 \_obs.] — To take with, to 
please. 

TaK'EN, (ta'kn) pp. of take. Received ; caught 3 appre- 
hended 3 captivated, &c. 

TaK'ER, n. 1. One that takes or receives ; one who catches 
or apprehends. 2. One that subdues and causes to sur- 
render. 

TaK'ING, ppr. 1. Receiving : catching ; getting possession ; 
apprehending. 2. a. Alluring ; attracting. 

TaK'ING, n. 1. The act of gaining possession ; a seizing 3 
seizure; apprehension. 2. Agitation; distress of mind. 

TaK'ING-NESS, n. The quality of pleasing. Taylor. 

TAL-A-POIiV, n. In Siav\, a priest, or one devoted to re- 
ligion ; also, a species of monkey. 

TAL'BOT, ?i, A sort of dog, noted for his quick scent and 
eager pursuit of game. Johnson. 

TALe, )n. [G. talk, isinglass; talg, tallow 3 Sw. talk, 

TAL€K, \ talg, tallow 3 Dan. tmlg, talg, tallow, and talk, 
talgsteen, tallow-stone 5 D. talk, fallow 5 Port., Sp. talco.] 
A species of magnesian earth, consisting of broad, flat, 
smooth laminfe or plates unctuous to the touch, of a shin- 
ing lustre, translucent, and often transparent. 

TAL€K'ITE, n. A species of talck of a loose form. 

TALOK'OUS, a. Talcky. [But talcous or talckous is ill 
formed.] 

TALeK'Y, a. 1. Like talck 5 consisting of talck. 2, Con- 
taining talck. 

TALE, n. 1. A story 3 a narrative 3 the rehearsal of a series 
of events or adventures, commonly some trifling inci- 
dents 3 or a fictitious narrative. 2. Oral relation. 3. 
Reckoning 3 account set down. Ex. v 4. Number reck- 
oned. 5. A telling 3 information 3 disclosure of any thing 



secret.— 6, In law, a count or declaration ; [obs.]— 7 In 
commerce, a weight for gold and silver in China and other 
parts of the E, Indies ; also, a money of account. 

fTA^LE, ti. i. To tell stories. Oower. 

TaLE'BEaR-ER, n. A person who ofiiciously te'Is tales 
one who impertinently communicates intelligence or an- 
ecdotes, and makes mischief in society by his ofiicious- 
ness. 

TaLE BEaR-ING, a. Ofiiciously communicating informa- 
tion. 

TaLE'BEaR-ING, 71. The act of informing officiously; 
communication of secrets maliciously. 

TaLE'FUL, a. Abounding with stories. Thomson. 

TALENT, 11. [L. talentum ; Gr. raXavrov.] 1, Among the 
ancients, a weight, and a coin. — 2. Talent, among the 
Hebrews, as a gold coin, was the same with a shekel of 
gold ; called, also, stater, and weighing only four 
drachmas. The Hebrew talent of silver, called dear, 
was equivalent to three thousand shekels, or one hundred 
and thirteen pounds ten ounces and a fraction, troy 
weight. 3. Faculty 3 natural gift or endowment 3 a meta- 
phorical application of the word said to be borrowed from 
the Scriptural parable of the talents. Jlatt. xxv. 4. Em- 
inent abilities 3 superior genius. 5. Particular faculty ; 
skill. 6. [Sp. talante.^ Q,uality ; disposition. Swift. 

TAL'ENT-ED, a. Furnished with talents 3 possessing skill 
or talents, Ch. Spectator. 

Ta'LES, n. [L. talis, plu, faZe^.J In law, tales de circuvi- 
stantibus, spectators in court, from whom the sheriff is t< 
select men to supply any defect of jurors who are impan 
neled, but who may not appear, or may be challenged. 

TaLE'TEL-LER, n. One who tells tales or stories. Guai 
dian. 

TAL'I-qN,w. Law of retaliation. Scott. 

TAL-I-o'NIS. Lex talionis, [L.] in law, the law of retali- 
ation. See Retaliate. 

TAL'JS-MAN, n. [said to be Arabic or Persian.] 1. A 
magical figure cut or engraved under certain superstitious 
observances of the configuration of the heavens, to which 
wonderful effects are ascribed. 2. Something that pro- 
duces extraordinary effects. Swift. 

TAL-lS-MAN'ie, a. Magical 3 having the properties of a 
talisman or preservative against evils. 

TALK, (tank) v. i. [Dan. talker ; Sw. tolka ; D. tolken.] 
T. To converse familiarly 3 to speak, as in familiar dis- 
course, when two or more persons interchange thoughts, 
2, To prate 3 to speak impertinently. 3, To talk of, to 
relate ; to tell ; to give account. 4. To speak ; to reason ; 
to confer. — To talk to, in familiar language, to advise or 
exhort ; or to reprove gently. 

TALK, (tauk) n. 1. Familiar converse 3 mutual discourse ; 
that which is uttered by one person in familiar conversa- 
tion, or the mutual converse of two or more. 2. Report ; 
rumor. 3. Subject of discourse. — 4. Among the Indians 
of JVorth America, a public conference, as respecting 
peace or war, negotiation and the like. 

TALK. A mineral. See Talck 

TALK'A-TiVE, (tauk'a-tiv) a. Given to much talking; full 
of prate 5 loquacious 3 garrulous. 

TALK'A-TiVE-NESS, (tauk'a-tiv-nes) n. Loquacity ; gar- 
rulity 3 the practice or habit of speaking much in conver- 
sation. Swift. 

TALK'ER, (tauk'er) n. 1. One who talks 3 also, a loqua- 
cious person, male or female 3 a prattler. 2. A boaster, 

TALK'ING, (tauk'ing) ppr. 1. Conversing 3 speaking in fa- 
miliar conversation. Matt. xvii. 2. a. Given to talking j 
loquacious. Goldsmith. 

TALK'ING, (tauk'ing) n. The act of conversing familiarly. 

TALL, a. [W. tal ; talhu, to grow tall.] 1. High in stature ; 
long and comparatively slender ; applied to a person, or to 
a standing tree, mast or pole. 2, Sturdy ; lusty 3 bold ; 
[unusual.] 

TAL'LAfiE, ) n. [Fr. tailler.] Anciently, a certain rate 

TAL'LI-AGE, \ or tax paid by barons, knights and infe- 
rior tenants, towards the public expenses. 

TAL'LAGE, v. t. To lay an impost, Bp. Ellis. 

TALL'NESS, m. Height of stature. See Tall, 

TAL'LoW, 71, [Dan. toilg ; D. talk ; G., Sw. talg.] A sort 
of animal fat, particularly that which is obtained from an- 
imals of the sheep and ox kinds. 

TAL'LoW', V. 1. 1. To grease or smear with tallow. 2. To 
fatten 3 to cause to have a large quantity of tallow. 
Farmers. 

TAL'LoW-eAN-DLE, 71. A candle made of tallow. 

TAL'LoW-CHAND'LER, n. [Fr. chandelier.] One whose 
occupation is to make, or to make and sell, tallow-candles 

TAL'LoWED, pp. 1. Greased or smeared with tallow. 2. 
Made fat 3 filled with tallow. 

TAL'LoW-ER, n. An animal disposed to form tallow in- 
ternally. Cyc. 

TAL'LoW-FaCED, a. Having a sickly complexion 3 pale. 
Burt 071. 

TAL'LoW-ING, ppr. 1. Greasing with tallow. 2, Causing 
to gather tallow ; a term in agriculture. 



* Soi Synopiis Mc>V ^^ BOOK, D6VE ;— ET.'LL. UNITE.— € as K ; G as J i S as Z 3 CH as SH ; TH aa ; n this. 



t Obsole:^^, 



TAM 



824 



TAN 



TAL'LoW-IJVG, n. Tlie act, practice or art of causing ani- 
mals to gather tallow ; or the property in animals of form- 
ing tallow internally ; a term in agriculture. Cyc. 

TAL'LoW-ISH, a. Having the properties or nature of tal- 
low. 

T AL'LoW-Y, a. Greasy ; having the qualities of tallow. 

TAL'LY, 71. [Fr. tailler ; Port, talhar ; Sp. tallar.] 1. A 
piece of wood on which notches or scores are cut, as the 
marks of number. 2. One tiling made to suit another. 

TAL LY, V. t. 1. To score with correspondent notches ; to 
fit ; to suit ; to make to correspond. — 2. In seamaiiship, to 
pull aft tlie sheets or lower comers of the main and fore- 
sail. 

TAL'LY, V. i. To be fitted 3 to suit ; to correspond. 

t TAL'LY, adv. Stoutly ; with spirit. Beaumont. 

TAL'LY-ING, ppr. 1. Fitting to each other ; making to cor- 
respond. 2. Agreeing ; corresponding. 3. Hauling aft 
the comers of the main and fore-sail. 

TAL'LY-MAN, n. 1. One who sells for weekly payment. 
2. One who keeps the tally, or marks the sticks. 

TAL'MUD, 71. [Ch.] The body of the Hebrew laws, tra- 
ditions and explanations ] or the book that contains 
them. 

TAL'MU-DI€, ) a. Pertaining to the Talmud 5 coniain- 

TAL-MU'DI-€AL, ) ed in the Talmud ; as, Talmudic fa- 
bles. Enfield. 

TAL'MU-DIST, n. One versed in the Talmud. 

TAL-MU-DIST'I€, a. Pertaining to the Talmud ; resem- 
bling the Talmud. 

TAL'ON, n. [Fr., Sp. talon.] 1. The claw of a fowl. Ba- 
con. — ^2. In architecture^ a kind of molding, concave at 
the bottom, and convex at the top. 

Ta'LUS, 71. [L. talus.'] 1. In anatomy, the astragalus, or 
that bone of the foot which is articulated to the leg.— 2. In 
architecture, a slope ; the inclination of any work. — 3. In 
fortification, the slope of a work, as a bastion, rampart or 
parapet. 

Ta'MA-BLE, a. Tliat may be tamed ; capable of being re- 
claimed from vsaldness or savage ferociousness ; that may 
be subdued. 

Ta'MA-BLE-NESS, 71. The quality of being tamable. 

T AM'A-RIN, n. A small monkey of South America. 

TAM'A-EIND, n. [Sp. tamarindo ; Port. plu. tamarindos ; 
It. tamarino, tamarindi : Fr. tamarin.] A tree, a native 
of the East Indies, and of Arabia and Egypt. 

TAM'A-RINDS, n. plu. The preserved "seed-pods of the 
tamarind, which abound with an acid pulp. Cyc. 

TAM'A-RISK, 71. A tree or shrub of the genus tamarix. 

TAM'BA€, n. A mixture of gold and copper. 

TAM'BOR, 71. [Sp., Port, tambor ; It. tamburo.] 1. A small 
drum, used by the Biscayans as an accompaniment to the 
flageolet. — 2. In architecture, a term applied to the Co- 
rinthian and Composite capitals, which bear sr.me resem- 
blance to a drum. 3. A little box of timber work covered 
with a ceiling, within the porches of certain churches. 4. 
A round course of stones, several of which f'rm the shaft 
of a pillar, not so high as a diameter. — 5. a the arts, a 
species of embroidery. 

TAM'BOR, V. t. To embroider with a lambor 

TAM-BO-RlNE', ) n. [Fr. tambourin : Sp. taviboril.] 1. A 

TAMBO-RIN, \ small drum. 2. A 'ively French 
dance, formerly in vogue in operas. 

TAME, a. [Sax., Dan., D. tarn ; Sw. tain, tamd.] 1. That 
has lost its native wildness and shyness; mild; accus- 
tomed to man; domestic. 2. Crushed; subdued; de- 
pressed ; spiritless. 3. Spiritless ; unaniniated. 

TAME, V. t. [Sax. tamian, getemian : Goth, ga-tamyan ; 
Dan. tcemnier; Sw. tamia ; D. tammcn.] 1. To reclaim; 
to reduce from a wild to a domestic state ; to make gentle 
and familiar. 2. To civilize. 3. To subdue ; to conquer; 
to depress. 4. To subdue ; to repress. 

TaMED, pp. Reclaimed from wildness ; domesticated ; 
made gentle; subdued. 

TaME'LESS, a. Wild ; untamed ; untamable. [L. u.] 

TaME^LY, adv. With unresisting submission ; meanly : 
servilely ; without manifesting spirit. 

TaME'NESS, ?i. 1. The quality of being tame or gentle ; a 
state of domestication. 2. Unresisting submission ; mean- 
ness in bearing insults or injuries ; want of spirit. 

TaM'ER, 7). One that tames or subdues ; one that reclaims 
from wildness. Pope. 

TaM'ING, ppr. Reclaiming from a wilJ state ; civilizing ; 
subduing. 

TAM I-NY, or TAM'MY, n. A woolen stufi". Johnson. 

TAM'KIN, 71. A stopper. See Tampion. 

TAMPER, V. i. 1. To meddle ; to be busy ; to try little 
experiments. 2. To meddle ; to have to do with v.'ithout 
fitness or necessity. 3. To deal ; to practice secretly. 

TAM'PER-ING, pjjr. Meddling; dealuig ; practicing se- 
cretly. 

TAM'PER-ING, n. The act of meddling or practicing se- 
cretly. 

TAMP'ING, n. The matter that is driven into the hole bor- 
ed into any thing for blasting. 



TAM'PI-ON, or TOM'PI-ON, n. [Fr. tampon.] The stop- 
per of a cannon or other piece of ordnance. 

TAM'POE, n. A fruit of the East Indies, somewhat resem 
bling an apple. Cyc. 

TAM'TAM, 71. A large flat dmm used by the Hindoos. 

TAN, V. t. [Fr. tanner.] I. In the arts, to convert animal 
skins into leather. 2. To make brown ; to imbrown by 
exposure to the rays of the sun. 

TAN, ?i. The bark of the oak, &;c., bruised and broken by a 
mill, for tanning liides. 

T^IN'-BED, 71. [tan and bed.] In gardenings a bed made 01 
tan ; a bark -bed. 

TaN'-PIT, 7t. [tan and pit.] A bark-pit ; a vat in which 
hides are laid in tan. 

TAN'-SPljD, 71. [ta7i and spud.] An instnunent for peeling 
the barkfrom oak and other trees, [Local.] 

TAN'-SToVE, 11. A hot-house with a bark-bed. 

TAN'-VAT, n. [tan and vat.] A vat in which liides are 
steeped in liquor with tan. 

TANG, n. [Gr. rayyos ; It. tanfo.] ]. A strong taste; par- 
ticularly, a taste of something extraneous to the thuig it- 
self. 2. Relish; taste. 3. Something that leaves a sting 
or pain beliind. 4. Sound ; tone ; [obs.] 

TANG, 7J. [Su. Goth, tang.] A kind of sea-weed ; called, 
in some places, taiio-le. Bp. Richardson. 

t TANG, V. i. To ring with. Shak. 

TANGENT, 7;. [Fr. tangente ; L. tangeris.] In geometry, a. 
right line which touches a curve, but wmch, when pro- 
duced, does not cut it. 

TAN-Gl-BIL'I-TY, 7j. The quality of being perceptible to 
the touch or sense of feeling. 

TAN'GI-BLE, a. [from L. tango.] 1. Perceptible by the 
touch ; tactile. 2. That may be possessed or realized. 

TAN'GLE, V. t. 1. To implicate ; to unite or knit together 
confusedly ; to interweave or interlock, as threads, so as 
to make it difficult to ravel the knot. 2. To insnare ; to 
entrap. 3. To embroil ; to embarrass. 

TAN'GLE, V. i. To be entangled or united confusedly. 

TAN'GLE, n. A knot of threads or other things united con- 
fusedly, or so interwoven as not to be easily disengaged. 
2. A kind of sea-weed. 

TAN'IST, n. [Gaelic, tanaiste.] Among the descendants of 
the Celts, in Ireland, a lord, or the proprietor of a tract of 
land ; a governor or captain. 

T.AN'IST-RY, 71. [Gaelic, tanaisteachd.] In Ireland, a 
tenure of lands by which the proprietor had only a lii^ 
estate. 

TANK, 71. [Fr. etang; Sp. estangue ; Port, tanque ; Sans. 
tanghi ; Japan, tange.] A large basin or cistern ; a reser- 
voir of water. Dryden. 

TANK'ARD, n. [Jr. tunc air d ; Gaelic, tancard.] A large 
vessel for liquors, or a drinking vessel, with a cover. 

TANK'ARD-TUR-NEP, n. A sort of turnep. 

TAN'LTNG, n. One tanned by the heat of the sun. 

TANNED, pp. [fromiaw.] 1. Converted into leather. 2. 
Darkened by the rays of the sun. 

TAN'NER, 7i. One whose occupation is to tan hides, or 
convert them into leather by the use of tan, 

TAN'NER-Y, n. The house and apparatus for tanning. 

TAN'NI-ERS, 7). An esculent root. 

TAN'NIN, 71. The chemical name of that astringent sub- 
stance contained in vegetables, particularly in the bark of 
the oak and cliestnut, and in gall-nuts; the substance 
used to change raw hides into leather. 

TANNING, ppr. Converting raw hides into leather. 

TAN'NING, 7(. The practice, operation and art of convert- 
ing the raw hides of animals into leather by the use 
of tan. 

TAN'REC, n. A qUadraped of the Indies. 

TANSY, 7i. [Fr. tanaisie ; It., Sp. tanaceto ,■ L. tamcetum.] 
A plant of the genus tanacetum, of many species. Cyr. 

TANT 71. A small spider with two eyes and eight long 
legs, and of an elegant scarlet color. Cyc. 

TAN'TA-LISM, v. The punishment of Tantalus; a teas- 
ing or tormenting by the hope or near approach of good 
which is not attainable. J. Qjuincy. 

TAN TA-IilTE, n. The ore of tantalum or colnmbium. 

TAN-T.3.-LI-Za'TI0N, n. The act of tantalizing. 

TAN'TA-LiZE, v. t. [from Tantalus, in fable, who was 
condemned for his crimes to perpetual hunger and thirst, 
with food and water near him which he could not reach.] 
To tease or torment by presenting some good to the view, 
and exciting desire, but continually frustrating the ex- 
pectations by keeping that good out of reach ; to tease ; to 
torment. Dn/den. 

TAN'TA-LTZED,;jp. Teased or tormented by the disap- 
pointment of the hope of good. 

TAN'TA-LlZ-ER,7i. One that tantalizes. 

TAN'TA-LlZ-ING, ppr. Teasing or tormenting by present- 
ing to the view some unattainable good. 

TAN'TA-IjUM, n. Colnmbium, the metal obtained from 
tantalite, newlv discovered. Thomson. 

TANT' A -MOUNT, a. [L. tantus, and amount.] Equal, 
equivalent in value or signification. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, t, 6, 0, Y, Zo?io^.— FS.R, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiED ;— f Obsolete 



TAR 



835 



TAR 



TAN'TIV-Y, adv. [said to be from the note of a liunting- 
born ; L. tanta vi.] To ride tantivy, is to ride with great 
speed. Johnson. 

TANT'LING. n. [See Tantalize.] One beized with the 
hope of pleasure unattainable. Shak. 

TAN'TRUMS, n. plu. Whims ; freaks ; bursts of ill-humor ; 
aflected airs. A colloquial term. 

TAP, V. t. [Fr. taper ; Dan. tapper.] To strike with some- 
thing small, or to strike a very gentle blow ; to touch 
gently. 

TAP, V. i. To strike a gentle blow ; as, he tapped at the 
door. 

TAP, V. t. l^ax. tcBppan ; Sw. tappa ; Dan. tapper ; D. tap- 
pen.] 1. To pierce or broach a cask, and insert a tap. 2. 
To open a cask and draw liquor. 3. To pierce for letting 
out a fluid. 4. To box, or bore into. 

TAP, n. 1. A gentle blow ; a slight blow with a small 
thing, 2. A spile or pipe for drawing liquor from a cask. 

TAPE, n. [Sax. tJippe.] A narrow fillet or band ; a narrow 
piece of woven work, used for strings and tlie like. 

Ta'PER, n. [Sax. taper, tapur.] A small wax candle ; a 
soiall lighted wax candle, or a small light. 

Ta'PER, a. [supposed to be from the form of a taper.] Reg- 
ularly narrowed towards the point; becoming small to- 
wards one end ; conical ; pyrsunidical. 

Ta'PER, v. i. To diminish or become gradually smaller to- 
wards one end. 

Ta'PER, v. t. To make gradually smaller in diameter. 

Ta'PER-ING, ppr. 1. Making gradually smaller. 2. a. 
Becoming regularly smaller in diameter towards one end ; 
gradually diminishing towards a point. 

Ta'PER-NESS, n. The state of being taper. 

* TAP'ES-TRY, n. [Fr. tapis, tapisserie ; L. tapes.] A kind 
of woven hangings of wool and silk, often enriched with 
gold and silver, representing figures of men, animals, 
l^andscapes, &c. Cyc. 

Ta'PET, n. Worked or figured stuff. Spenser. 

TAPETI, 7?. An American animal of the hare kind. 

TaPE'-WoRM, n. [tape and worm.] A worm bred in the 
human intestines or bowels. 

TAP'-HOUSE, n. A house where liquors are retailed. 

TaTIR, n. A quadruped of S. America, about 6 feet long 
and 3^ high, resembling a hog in shape. 

Ta'PIS, 71. [Fr.] Tapestry. — Upon the tapis, under consid- 
eration, or on the table. 

TAPPED, pp. ?>roached ; o;.ened, 

TAP'PING, ppr. Broaching; opening for the discharge of a 
fluid. 

TAP'-ROOT, n. The main root of a plant. 

TAP'STER, 71. One whose business is to draw liquor. 

TaR, n. [Sax. tare, tyr, tyrwa ; D. teer ; G. theer.] 1. A 
thick, resinous substance, of a dark-brown or black color, 
obtained from pine and fir-trees, by burning the wood 
with a close, smothering heat. 2. A sailor, so called from 
his tarred clothes. 

TAR, V. t. 1. To smear with tar ; as, to tar ropes. 2. [Sax. 
tiranj tyrian.] To tease ; to provoke ; [obs.] Shak. 

TA-RaBE', n. A large parrot with a red head. Cyc. 

TA-RANT'U-LA, n. [It. tarantella.] A species of spider, 
the aranea tarantula, a venomous insect. 

TA-RANT'U-LATE, v. t. To excite or govern emotions by 
music. 

TAR'A-Q-UI-RA, 71. A species of American lizard. 

t TAR-Da'TION, 71. [1j. tarda.] The act of retarding, 

TAR'DI-GRADE, or TAR'DI-GRA-DOUS, a. [L. tardi- 
gradus.] Slow-paced ; moving or stepping slowly. 

TAR'DI-GRADE, n. The tardigrades are a genus of eden- 
tate quadrupeds, including the genus bradypius. 

TaR'DI-LY, adv. Slowly ; with slow pace or motion. 

TAR'DI-NESS, 7i. 1. Slowness, or the slowness of motion 
or pace. 2. Unwillingness ; reluctance manifested by 
slowness. 3. Lateness. 

t TaR'DI-TY, ri. [L. tarditas.] Slowness; tardiness. 

PAR'DY, a. [Fr. tardif; Sp., It. tardo, from L. tardus.] 1, 
Slow; with a slow pace or motion. 2. Late; dilatory; 
not being in season. 3. Slow ; implying reluctance. 4. 
Unwary ; [obs.]^ 5. Criminal ; [nbs.] 

t TaR'DY, v. i. [Fr. tarder.] To delay. 

TAR'DY-GaIT-ED, a. [tardy and gait.] Slow-paced ; 

having a slow step or pace. Clifton, 
PARE, n. 1. A weed that grows among corn.— 2. In agri- 
culture, a plant of the vetch kind, much cultivated in 
England for fodder. Cyc. 
PARE, n. [Fr. tare ; It., Sp. tara ; D. tarra.] In commerce, 
the allowance or abatement of a certain weight or quan- 
tity from the weight or quantity of a commodity sold in a 
cask, chest, bag, or the like, which the seller makes to 
the buyer on account of the weight of such cask, chest or 
bag ; or the abatement may be on the price of the com- 
modity sold. 

TARE, V. t. To ascertain or mark the amount of tare. 

t TARE, oldpret. of tear. We now use tore. 

TARED, pp. Having the tare ascertained and marked, 
jl ARGE, for target. Spenser. 



TAR'GET, 71. [Sax. targ, targa i Fr. targe ; it. targa.] I. 
A shield or buckler of a small kind, used as a defeusiv " 
weapon in war. 2. A mark for the artillery to fire at in 
their practice. 

TAR'GET-ED, a. Furnished or armed with a target. 

TAR-GET-EER', n. One armed with a target. Chapman 

TAR'GUM, n. [Ch. DOnD targum, interpretation.] A trans- 
lation or paraphrase of the sacred Scriptures in the Chal- 
dee language or dialect. 

TAR'GUM-IST, n. The writer of a targum. Parkhurst. 

TAR'IFF, ) n. [Fr. tarif ; It. tariffa ; Sp. tarifa.] 1. Prup- 

TAR'IF, \ erly, a list or table of goods with the duties or 
customs to be paid for the same. 2. A list or table of du- 
ties or customs to be paid on goods imported or exported. 

TAR'IFF, V. t. To make a list of duties on goods. 

TAR'IN, n. A bird of the genus fringilla. 

TaR'ING, ppr. Ascertaining or marking the amount ol 
tare. 

TARN, 71. [Ice. tiom.] A bog ; a marsh ; a fen. 

TARN'ISH, V. t. [Fr. ternir, ternissant.] I. To sully ; to 
soil by an alteration induced by the air, or by dust and 
the like ; to diminish or destroy lustre. 2. To diminish 
or destroy the purity of. 

TARN'ISH, V. i. To lose lustre ; to become dull. 

TARN'ISHED, pp. Sullied ; having lost its brightness by 
oxydation, or by some alteration induced by exposure to 
air, dust, and the like. 

TARN'ISH-IFG, jypr- Sullying: losing brightness. 

TAR-PA U'LIN, n. (.A piece of canvas well daubed with 
tar, and used to cover the hatchways of a ship to prevent 
rain or water from entering the hold. 2. A sailor ; in con- 
tempt. 

TAR'RACE, TAR'RASS, TER'RASS, or TRASS, n. A 
volcanic earth, resembling puzzolana, used as a cement : 
or a coarse sort of plaster or mortar, durable in water, and 
used to line cistenis and other reservoirs of water. 

TAR'RA-GON, n. A plant of the genus artemisia, celebra- 
ted for perfuming vinegar in France. 

TARRED, pp. Smeared with tar. 

t TAR'RI-ANCE, n. A tarrying ; delay ; lateness. 

TAR'RI-ER, 71. 1. A dog; [see Terrier.] 2. [(torn tar-^ 
ry.] One who tarries or delays. 

TAR'RING, ^^r. Smearing with tar. Shak. 

TAR'ROeK, n. A sea-fowl of the genus larus. 

TAR'RY, V. i. [W. tariaw.] 1. To stay ; to abide ; to 
continue; to lodge. 2. To stay behind. jEz. xii. 3. To 
stay in expectation ; to wait. 4. To delay ; to put off" go- 
ing or coming ; to defer. Ge7i. xlv. 5. To remain ; to stay 

t TAR'RY, V. t. To wait for. Shak. 

TAR'RY, a. [from tar.] Consisting of tar, or like tar. 

TAR'RY-ING, ppr. Staying; delaying. 

TAR'RY-ING, n. Delav. Ps. xl. 

TAll'SEL, n. A kind of hawk. Shak. 

TAR'SUS, n. [Gr. ragaos ; Fv. tarse.] That part of the foot 
to which the leg is articulated, the front of which is called 
the instep. Cyc. 

TART, a. [Sax. teart; D. taartig.] 1. Acid j sharp to the 
taste ; acidulous. 2. Sharp ; keen ; severe. 

TART, 71. [D. taart ; Sw. tart ; Fr. tarte / It. torta ; G. 
torte.] A species of pie or pastry, consisting of fruit baked 
on paste. 

TAR'TAN, 71. [Sp., It. tartana.] A small coasting vessel. 

TAR'TAR, 7?. [Fr. tartre ; Sp. tartaro ; from tart.] I. 
An acid, concrete salt, iFormed from wines completely 
fermented, and adhering to the sides of the casks in the 
form of a hard crust. 2. A person of a keen, irritable 
temper. 3. A native of Tartary. 



t^TAR^TAR, V. [L. Tartarus,] Hell. Shak 

ish ; 
TAR-Ta'RE-OUS, { Milton. 



TAR-Ta'RE-AN, 



Helli 



pertaining to Tartarus. 



TAR-Ta'-RE-OUS, a Consisting of tartar; resembling tar- 
tar, or partaking of its properties. Grew. 

TAR-TAR' I€, or TAR-Ta'RE-AN, a. Pertaining to Tar- 
tary in Asia.— Tartaric acid, the acid of tartar. 

TAR'TA-RIN, n. Fixed vegetable alkali or potash. 

TAR'TA-RI-NA-TED, a. Combined with tartarin. 

TAR-TAR-I-Za'TION, 71. The act of forming tartar. Bib 
lioih.Bib._ 

TAR'TAR-iZE, vt t. To impregnate with tartar ; to refine 
by meansof the salt of tartar. Cyc. 

TAR'TAR-lZED, pp. Impregnated with tartar; refined by 
tartar. 

TAR'TAR-lZ-ING,p277-, Impregnating with tartar. 

TAR'TAR-OUS, a. Containing tartar; consisting of tar- 
tar, or partaking of its qualities. 

TAR'TA-RUM, n. A preparation of tartar, calied petrified 
tartar. Cyc. 

TART'ISH, a. [from tart.] Somewhat tart. 

TART'LY, adv. 1. Sharply ; with acidity. 2. Sharply, 
with poignancy ; severely. 3. With sourness of aspect. 

TART'NESS, n. I. Acidity; sharpness to the taste. 2. 
Sharpness of language or manner ; poignancy ; keenness j 
I severity. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE. — € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, j Obsolete. 



TAT 



826 



TAX 



TARiTRAF;::, T/i. a salt formed by the combination of 

TAR'TRITK, ) tartarous or tartaric acid with a base. 

fTAR'TUF-FLSH, a. [Fr. tartuffe.] Precise; formal. 

TAR'-WA-TER, 71. A cold infusion of tar. Cyc. 

TASK, 71. [Fr. tache ; W. tasg ; Gaelic, Ir. tasg ; It. tassa.] 
1. Business imposed by another, often a definite quantity 
or amount of labor. 2. Business ; employment. 3. Bur- 
densome employment.— T'o take to task, to reprove; to 
reprimand. Addison. 

TASK, V. I. [W. tasgu.] 1. To impose a task ; to assign 
to one a definite amount of business or labor. 2. To bur- 
den with some employment ; to require to perform. 

TASKED, pp. Required to perform something. 

TASK'ER, n. One that imposes a task. 

TASK'ING, ppr. Imposing a task on ; requiring to perform. 

TASK'MAS-TER, n. 1. One who imposes a task, or bur- 
dens with labor. 2. One whose ofiice is to assign tasks 
to others. 

♦TAS'SEL, 71. [W. tasel ; It. tassdlo.] 1. A sort of pend- 
ant ornament, attached to the corners of cushions, to cur- 
tains and the like, ending in loose threads. 2. A small 
ribbcm of silk, sewed to a book, to be put between the 
leaves. — 3. In building, tassels are the pieces of boards 
tliat lie under the mantle-tree. 4. A burr ; [see Teasel.] 

5. A male hawk ; properly, terzol, It. terzv-olo. 
TAS'SELED, a. Fuj-nished or adorned with tassels. 
TAS'SES, n. plu. Armor for the thighs. 
TaST'A-BLE, a. That may be tasted ; savory ; relishing. 
TaSTE, v. t. [Fr. tater ; It. tastare ; Norm taster ; G., D. 

fasten.] 1. To perceive by means of the tongue ; to have 
a certain sensation in consequence of something applied 
to the tongue. 2. To try the relish of by the perception 
of tlie organs of taste. 3. To try by eating a little ; or to 
eat a little. 4. To essay first. 5. To have pleasure from. 

6. To experience ; to feel ; to undergo. 7. To relish in- 
tellectually j to enjoy. 8. To experience by shedding, as 
blood. 

TaSTE, v.i. 1. To try by the mouth ; to eat or drink ; or 
to eat or drink a little only. 2. To have a smack ; to ex- 
cite a particular sensation, by which the quality or ilavor 
is distinguished. 3. To distinguish intellectually. 4. To 
try the relish of any thing. 5. To be tinctured ; to have 
a particular quality or character. 6. To experience ; to 
have perception of. 7. To take to be enjoyed. 8. To 
enjoy sparingly. 9. To have the experience or enjoy- 
ment of. 

TaSTE, 71. 1. The act of tasting 5 gustation. 2. A partic- 
ular sensation excited in an animal by the application of a 
substance to the tongue, the proper organ. 3. The sense 
by which we perceive the relish of a thing. 4. Intellect- 
ual relish. 5. Judgment: discernment; nice perception, 
or the power of perceiving and relishing excellence in hu- 
man performances ; the faculty of discerning beauty, or- 
der, ongruity, proportion, symmetry, or whatever con- 
stitutes excellence, particularly in the fine arts and belles 
lettres. 0. Style ; manner, with respect to what is pleas- 
ing. 7. Essay ; trial ; experiment ; [obs.] 8. A small 
portJ(>n given as a specimen. 9. A bit; a little piece 
tasted or eaten. 

TaST'ED, pp. Perceived by the organs of taste ; experi- 
enced. 

TaSTE'FUL, a. 1. Having a high relish. Pope. 2. Having 
good taste. 

TaSTE'FUL-LY, adv. With good taste. 

TASTE'LESS, a. 1. Having no taste ; insipid. 2. Having 
no power of giving pleasure. 3. Having no power to per- 
ceive taste ; [obs.] 4. Having no intellectual gust ; [I. u.] 

TASTE'LESS-NESS, n. 1. Want of taste or relish; insip- 
idness. 2. Want of perception of taste ; [obs.] 3. Want 
of intellectual relish ; [obs.] 

TaST'ER, 71. 1. One who tastes. 2. One who first tastes 
food or liquor. Dryden. 3. A dram-cup. 

TaST'I-LY, adv. With good taste. 

TaST'ING, 77^7-. 1. Perceiving by the tongue. 2. Trying; 
experiencing ; enjoying or suffering. 

TaST'ING, 71. 1. The act of perceiving by the tongue. 2. 
The sense by which we perceive or distinguish savors. 

TaST'Y, a. 1. Having a good taste, or nice perception of 
excellence. 2. Being in conformity to the principles of 
good taste ; elegant. 

TAT'TER, v. t. [qu. Sax. totceran.] To rend or tear into 
rags. [Mot used, except in the participle.] 

TAT'TER, n. A rag, or a part torn and hanging to the 
thing ; chiefly used in the plural, tatters. 

*TAT-TER-DE-MaL'ION, 71. A ragged fellow. L'Estr. 

TAT'TERED, pp. or a. Rent ; torn ; hanging in rags. 

TAT'TLE, V. i. [D. tateren ; It. tattamellare.] 1. To 
prate ; to talk idly ; to use many words with little mean- 
ing. 2. To tell tales ; to communicate secrets. 

TAT'TLE, 71. Prate ; idle talk or chat ; trifling talk. 

TAT'TLER, n. One who tattles ; an idle talker ; one that 

TAT'TLING, ppr. 1. Talking idly ; telling tales. 2. a. 
Given to idle talk ; apt to tell tales. 



TAT-TOO', n. A beat of drum at night, giving notice to 
soldiers to retreat, or to repair to their quarters. Cyc. 

TAT-TOO', V. t. [In the South Sea isles.] To prick the 
skin, and stain the punctured spots with a black sub- 
stance, forming lines and figures upon the body. 

TAT-TOO', 71. Figures on the body, made by punctures 
and stains in .ines and figures. 

TAT-TOO'ED, (tat-tood') pp. Marked by stained lines and 
figures on the body. 

TAT-TOO'ING, ppr. Marking with various figures by stain- 
ed lines. 

TAU, n. 1. The tcad-fish of Carolina. 2. A species of 
beetle ; also, a species of moth ; also, a kind of fly. 

TAUGHT, (tawt) a. Stretched ; not slack. Mar. Diet. 

TAUGHT, (tawt) pret. and pp. of teach. 

* Taunt, v. 't. [qu. Fr. tancer ; W. tantiaw.] 1. To re- 
proach with severe or insulting words ; to revile ; to up- 
braid. 2. To exprobrate ; to censure. 

* TAUNT, 77. Upbraiding words; bitter or sarcastic re- 
proach ; insulting invective. 

*TAUNT'ED, pp. Upbraided with sarcastic or severe 

words. 
*TAUNT'ER, n. One who taunts, reproaches, or upbraids 

with sarcastic or censorious reflections. 

* TAUNT'ING, ppr. Treating with severe reflections. 
*TaUNT'ING-LY, adv. With bitter and sarcastic words j 

insultingly ; scoflingly. 

TAUR'I-€ORN-OU3, a. [L. taurus and cornu.] Having 
horns like a bull. Brown. 

TAUR'I-FORM, a. [L. taurus, a bull, and form.] Having 
the form of a bull. Faber. 

TAUR'US, 71. [L.] The Bull; one of the twelve signs of 
the zodiac, and the second in order. 

TAU-TO-LOG'ie, \ a. Repeating the same thing ; hav- 

TAU-T0-L0G'I-€AL, \ ing the same signification. 

TAU-TOL'0-GIST, n. One who uses different words or 
phrases in succession to express the same sense. 

TAU-TOL'O-GiZE, v. i. To repeat the same thing in differ- 
ent words. 

TAU-T0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. ravToXoyLa.] A repetition of the 
same meaning in different words ; needless repetition of a 
thing in different words or phrases. 

TAU-TOPH'0-NY, 71. A successive repetition of the same 
sound. 

TAVERN, n. [Fr. taverne ; W. tavam ; L. taberna.] A 
house licensed to sell liquors in small quantities, to be drank 
on the spot. — In some of the United States, tavern is synon- 
ymous with inn or hotel, and denotes a house for the en- 
tertainment of travelers, as well as for the sale of liquors. 

TAV'ERN-ER, or TAV'ERN-KEEP-ER, n. One who 
keeps a tavern. 

TAV'ERN-HAUNT-ER, n. One who frequents taverns. 

TAV'ERN-ING, n. A feasting at taverns. Hall. 

t TAVERN-MAN, n. [tavern and man.] 1. The keeper 
of a tavern. 2. A tippler. 

TAW, v.t. [Sax. tawian; D. touwen.] To dress white 
leather or alum leather for gloves, &c. Cyc. 

TAW, 77. A marble to be played with. Swift. 

TAW'DRI-LY, adv. In a tawdry manner. 

TAW'DRI-NESS, n. Tinsel in dress; excessive finery; 
ostentatious finery without elegance. 

TAWDRY, a. Very fine and showy in colors without 
taste or elegance ; having an excess of showy ornaments 
without grace. 

TAWDRY, iu A slight ornament. Drayton. 

TAWED, j)p. Dressed and made white, as leather; 

TA W'ER, n. A dresser of white leather. 

TAWING, ppr. Dressing, as white leather. 

TAWING, n. The art and operation of preparing skins 
and forming them into white leather. 

TAW'NY', a. [Fr. tanne.] Of a yellowish-dark color, like 
things tanned or persons who are sun-burnt. JJddison. 

TAX, n. [Fr. taxe ; Sp. tu>sa ; It. tassa ; from L taxo, to 
tax.] I A rate or sum of money assessed on the person 
or property of a citizen by government, for the use of the 
nation or state. 2. A sum imposed on the persons and 
property of citizens to defray the expenses of a corpora- 
tion, society, parish or company. 3. That which is im- 
posed ; a burden. 4. Charge ; censure. 5. Task. 

TAX, V. t. [L. taxo ; Fr. taxer ; It. tassare.] 1. To lay, im- 
pose or assess upon citizens a certain sum. 2. To load 
with a burden or burdens. 3. To assess, fix or determine 
judicially. 4. To charge ; to censure ; to accuse. 

TAX'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be taxed ; liable by law to 
tlxe assessment of taxes. 2. That may be legally charged 
bva court against the plaintiff or defendant in a suit. 

TAX-a'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. taxatio.] 1. A taxing ; the act 
of laying a tax. 2. Tax ; sum imposed ; [little used.] 3. 
Charge ; accusation ; [little used.] 4. The act of taxing 
or assessing a bill of cost. 

TAXED, ^j?. Rated; assessed; accused. 

TAX'ER, n. 1. One who taxes. — 2. In Cambridge, Eng- 
land, two officers chosen yearly to see the true gauge of 
I weights and measures observed. 



See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, 7, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY 3— PiN, MARINE, BtRD ;— f Obsolete. 



TEA 



827 



TEE 



TAX'I-AReH, n. fGr. ra^iapx'is.] An Athenian military 
officer commanding a taxis or battalion. Mitford. 

'rAX'I-DER-MY, n. [Gr. ra^n and hgiia.'] The art of pre- 
paring and preserving specimens of animals. 

TAX'ING, ppr. Imposing a tax ; assessing ; accusing. 

fAX'ING, 71. The act of laying a tax ; taxation. 

TAX-ON'O-MY, n. [Gr. ra^is and vo,MOf.] Classification ; a 
term used by a French author to denote the classification 
of plants. 

Tea, n. [Chinese, tcha, or tha ; Grosier. Russ, tshai ; Sp. 
te ; It. te ; Fr. the ] 1. The leaves of the tea-tree as dried 
and imported. 2. A decoction or infusion of tea-leaves in 
boiling water. 3. Any infusion or decoction of vegeta- 
bles ; as, sage tea, &c. 

TkA'-BoARD, n. [tea and board.] A board to put tea fur- 
niture on. 

TeA'-CAN-IS-TER, n. [tea and canister.] A canister or 
box in which tea is kept. 

TeA'-€UP, n. A small cup in which tea is drank. 

TeA'-DRINK-ER, n. One who drinks much tea. 

Tea '-PLANT, w. The tea-tree. 

TeA'-POT, n. A vessel with a spout, in which tea is 
niade, and from which it is poured into tea-cups. 

TeA'-SAU-CER, n. [tea and saucer.] A small saucer in 
which a tea-cup is set. 

TeA'-SPOON, n. [tea and spoon.] A small spoon used in 
drinking tea and coffee. 

TeA'-Ta-BLE, n. [tea and table.] A table on which tea 
furniture is set, or at which tea is drank. 

TeA'-TREE, n. [tea and tree.] The tree or plant that 
produces the leaves which are imported and called tea. 

TeACH, v. t. ; pret. and pp. taught. [Sax. tcscan ,■ L. do- 
ceo ; Ir. deachtaim ,■ Gaelic, deachdam.] 1. To instruct; 
to inform ; to communicate to another the knowledge of 
that of which he was before ignorant. 2. To deliver anj- 
doctrine, art, principles or words for instruction. 3. To 
tell ; to give intelligence. 4. To instruct, or to practice 
the business of an instructor ; to use or follow the employ- 
ment of a preceptor. 5. To show ; to exhibit so as to im- 
press on the mind. 6. To accustom ; to make familiar. 
7. To inform or admonish ; to give previous notice to. 8. 
To suggest to the mind. 9. To signify or give notice. 
10. To counsel and direct. Hab. ii. 

Teach, v. L To practice giving instruction j to perform 
the business of a preceptor. 

TeACH, n. [Ir., Gaelic, ieagham.] In sugar works, the 
last boiler. Edwards, W. Indies. 

Te ACH'A-BLE, a. That may be taught ; apt to learn ; also, 
readily receiving instruction ; docile. Watts. 

TeACH'A-BLE-NESS, 71. The quality of being capable of 
receiving instruction ; more generally, a willingness or 
readiness to be informed and instructed ; docility ; apt- 
ness to learn. 

TeACH'ER, n. 1. One who teaches or instructs. 2. An 
instructor ; a preceptor ; a tutor. 3. One v.' ho instructs 
others in religion ; a preacher ; a minister of the gospel. 
4. One who preaches without regular ordination. 

TeACH'ING, jipr. Instructing ; informing. 

TeACH'ING, n. 1. The act or business of instructing. 2. 
Instruction. 

tTEAD, or fTEDE, n. [L. tceda.] A torch ; a flambeau. 
Spenser. 

TeAGUE, (teeg) n. An Irishman ; in contempt. Johnson. 

TeAK, or TEEK, n. A tree of the East Indies, which fur- 
nishes an abundance of ship-timber. 

TeAL, n. [D. tallng.] An aquatic fowl of the genus anas, 
the smallest of the duck kind. Cyc. 

Team, n. [Sax. team, offspring.] I. Two or more horses, 
oxen or other beasts harnessed together to the same vehi- 
cle for drawing. 2. Any number passing in a line ; a long 
line. Dryden. 

Team, v. t. To join together in a team. Spenser. 

TeAM'STER, n. [team and ster.] One who drives a 
leani. 

TeAM'-WoRK, n. [team and work.] Work done by a 
team, as distinguished from pergonal labor. JVeio England. 

TeAR, n. [Gaelic, dear, den 'otb ^agr, contracted in 
Sax. tear.] 1. Tears are the limpid fluid secreted by the 
lacrymal gland, and appearing in the eyes, or flowing 
from them. 2. Something in the form of a transparent 
drop of fluid matter. 

TEAR, V. t. ; pret. tore ; pp. torn ,- old pret tare, obs. [Sax. 
tmran ; Russ. deru ; Sw. tara ; Dan. tcerer ; D. teeren ; G. 
zehren.] 1. To separate by violence or pulling ; to rend ; 
to lacerate. 2. To wound ; to lacerate. 3. To rend ; to 
break ; to form fissures by any violence. 4. To divide 
by violent measures ; to shatter ; to rend. 5. To pull 
with violence. 6. To remove by violence ; to break up. 
7. To make a violent rent. — To tear from, to separate and 
take away by force. — To tear off, to pull off by violence ; 
to strip.— To tear out, to pull or draw out by violence. — 
To tear up, to rip up ; to remove from a fixed state by 
violence. 



TEaR, v. i. To rave ; to rage ; to rant ; to move and act 
wjth turbulent violence ; as a mad bull. L' Estrange. 

TEaR, n. A rent , a fissure. [Little used.] 

TEaR'ER, n. 1. One who tears or rends any thing. 2 
One that rages or raves with violence. 

TeAR'-FALL-ING, a. Shedding tears ; tender. 

TeAR'FUL, a. [tear and full.] Abounding with tears 
weeping ; shedding tears ; as, tearful eyes. Shak. 

TEaR'ING, ppr. Rending ; pulling apart •, lacerating. 

TeAR'LESS, a. Shedding no tears ; without tears ; unfeel- 
ing. Sandys. 

Tease, v. t. [Sax. tmsan.] 1. To comb or card, as wool ct 
flax. 2. To scratch, as cloth in dressing, for the purpose 
of raising a nap. 3. To vex with importunity or imperti- 
nence ; to harass, annoy, disturb or irritate by petty re 
quests, or by jests and raillery. 

TeAv<5'ED) lip. 1. Carded, 2. Vexed; irritated or an- 
noyed. 

TeAS'EL, M. [Sax.tes^] I. A plant of the genus (Zipsacti^ 
2. The burr of the plant. 

TeAS'EL-ER, n. One who uses the teasel for raising a nap 
on cloth. Kelham, 

TeAS'ER, 71. One that teases or vexes. 

TeA.?'ING, ppr. Combing ; carding ; scratching for the 
purpose of raising a nap ; vexing. 

TeAT, ; 71. [Sax. tit, titt, as it is usually pronounced to 

TIT, \ this day ; G. zitze ; D. tet ; W. tith ; Corn, titl.] 
Tlie projecting part of the female breast ; the dug of a 
beast ; the pap of a woman ; the nipple. 

TeATHE, n. The soil or fertility left on lands by feeding 
them. [Local.] 

TeATHE, v. t. To feed and enrich by live stock. [Local.] 

TECH'I-LY, adv. [from techy, so written for touchy.] 
Peevishly ; fretfully ; frowardly. 

TECH'I-NESS, n. Peevishness ; fretfulness. Bp. Hall. 

TECH'NIC, ) a. [L. technicus.] 1. Pertaining to art or 

TE€H'NI-€AL, ) the arts. — A technical word is a word 
that-belongs properly or exclusi'^ely to an art. 2. Belong- 
ing to a particular profession. 

TE€H'NI-€AL-LY, adv. In a technical manner ; accord- 
ing to the signification of terms of art. 

TECH'NI-CAL-NESS, or TECH-NI-€AL'I-TY, n. The 
quality or state of being technical. Forster. 

TECH'NICS, 71. TJie doctrine of arts in general ; such 
branches of learning as respect the arts. 

TECH-NO-L06'I-€AL, a. 1. Pertaining to technology. 
Beddoes. 2. Pertaining to the arts. 

TECH-NOL'O-GIST, n. One who discourses or treats of 
arts, or of the terms of art. 

TE€H-N0L'0-GY,7i. [Gr. rfxyn and \oyoi.] 1. A descrip- 
tion of arts ; or a treatise on the arts. 2. An explanation 
of the terms of the arts. Crabbe. 

TECH'Y, a. [so written for touchy.] Peevish ; fretful ; irri- 
table. [More correctly, touchy.] Shak. 

TEC-TON'ie, a. [Gr. tektovikos.] Pertaining to building. 

TED, V. t. [W. tSd and tez.] Among farmers, to spread ; to 
turn new-mowed grass from the swath, and scatter it for 
drying. [Local.] Milton. 

TED'DED, pp. Spread from the swath. Milton. 

TED'DER, 71. [W. tid ; Ir. tead, teidin ; Gaelic, tead, teidin, 
teud.] 1. A rope or chain by which an animal is tied, that 
he may feed on the ground to the extent of the rope, and 
no farther. 2. That by which one is restrained. 

TED'DER, V. t. 1. To tie with a tedder; to permit to feed 
to the length of a rope or chain. 2. To restrain to certain 
limits. 

TE De'UM. a hymn to be sung in churches or on occa- 
sions of joy ; so called from the first words. 

*Te'D1-0US, a. [Sp., It. tedioso ; L. tmdium.] 1. Weari- 
some ; tiresome from continuance, prolixity or slowness 
w2iich causes prolixity. 2. Slow. 

* Te'DI-OUS-LY, ado. In such a manner as to weary. 

*Te'DI-OUS-NESS, 71. 1. Wearisomeness by length of 
continuance or by prolixity. 2. Prolixity ; length. 3 
Tiresomeness ; quality of wearying. 4. Slowness that 
wearies. 

Te'DI-UM, n. [L. tmdium.] Irksomeness ; wearisomeness 
Coicper. 

TEEM, v.i. [Sax. tyman, team.] 1. To bring forth, as 
young. 2. To be pregnant ; to conceive ; to engender 
young. 3. To be full ; to be charged ; as a breeding ani- 
mal ; to be prolific. 4. To bring forth ; to produce, par- 
ticularly in abundance. 

TEEM, V. t. 1. To produce ; to bring forth. 2. To pour , 
[obs.] 

TEEM'ER, n. One that brings forth young. 

TEEM'FUL, a. 1. Pregnant ; prolific. 2 Brimful. 

TEEM'ING, ppr Producing young. 

TEEM'LESS, a. Not fruitful or prolific ; barren. 

fTEEN, 7(.. Grief; sorrow. Speitser. 

JTEEN, «.«. [Sax. teonan.] To excite ; to provoke. 

TEENS, 71. [from teen, ten.] The years of one's age reck- 
oned by the termination teen. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J j S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



TEM 



828 



TEM 



TEETH p!ii. of tooth, which see.— In the teeth, directly ; in 
direct opposition ; in front. 

TEETH, V. i. [from the noun.l To breed teeth. 

TEETlf'ING, ppr. Breeding teeth ; undergoing dentition. 

TEETH'ING, a. The operation or process of the first growth 
of tee*ii, called dentition. 

TEG. See Tag 

TEG'U LAR, a. {lu. tegula."] Pertaining to a tile 3 resem- 
bling a tile } consisting of tiles. 

TEG'[J-LAR-LY, adv. In the manner of tiles on a roof. 

TEG'U-MENT, n. [L. tegumentum.} A cover or covering ; 
seldom used except in reference to the covering of a living 
body. 

TEG-U-MENT'A-RY, a. Pertaining to teguments. 

TEH-HEE. A sound made in laughing. 

TEH-HEE, t;. i. To laugh. [A cant word } 

TeIL. I n. [L. tilia ; Ir. teile.} The lime-tree, 

TeIL'-TREE, \ otherwise called the linden. 

TElNT, n. [Fr. teint.] Color; tinge. See Tint. 

TEL'AR-Y, a. [L. tela.] 1. Pertaining to a web. 2. Spin- 
ning webs ; as, a telary spider ; [I. u.] Brown. 

TEL'E-GRAPH, ji. [Gr. ttjXe and ypa<pw.] A machine for 
communicating intelligence from a distance by various 
signals. Cyc. 

TEL-E-GRAPH'I€, a. 1. Pertaining to the telegraph ; made 
by a telegraph. 2. Communicated by a telegraph. 

TEL-E-OL'0-GY, n. [Gr. rcAof and Aoyoj.] The science of 
the final causes of things. 

TEL'E-SeOPE, 71. [Fr. ; It., Sp. telescopio.] An optical in- 
strument employed in viewing distant objects, as the 
heavenly bodies. 

TEL'F-SeOPE-SHELT,, n. In conchology, a species of tur- 
bo, with plane, striated and numerous spires. 

TEL-E-S€OP'I€, [a. 1. Pertaining to a telescope ; per- 

TEL-E-S€OP'I-t;AL, \ formed by a telescope. 2. Seen 
or discoverable only by a telescope. 

TE-Le'SI-A, n. Sapphire. Ure. 

TEL'ESM, 71. [An] A kind of amulet or magical charm. 

TEL-ES-MATi€, [a. Pertaining to telesms ; magical. 

TEL-ES-MAT'I-€AL, \ Gregory. 

TE-LES TSe, n. [Gr. teAoj and cri'^oi.'] A poem in which 
the final letters of the lines make a name. 

TELL, V. t. ; pret. and pp. told. [Sax. tellan ; G. zaklen ; 
D. tellen ,• Dan. toiler.] I. To utter ; to express in words ; 
to communicate to others. 2. To relate ; to narrate ; to 
rehearse particulars. 3. To teach ; to inform ; to make 
known ; to show by words. 4. To discover ; to disclose ; 
to betray. 5. To count ; to number. 6. To relate in con- 
fession ; to confess or acknowledge. 7. To publish. 8. 
To unfold ; to interpret ; to explain. Ezek. xxiv. 9. To 
make excuses. 10. To make known. 11. To discover j 
to find ; to discern. — Tell, though equivalent, in some re- 
spects, to speak and say, has not always the same appli- 
cation. We say, to tell this, that or what, to tell a story, 
to tell a word, to tell truth or falsehood, to tell a number, 
to tell the reasons, to tell something or nothing ; but we 
never say, to tell a speech, discourse or oration, or to tell 
an argument or a lesson. It is much used in commands ; 
as, tell me the wh(jle story ; tell me all you know, or all 
that was said. Tell has frequently the sense of narrate ; 
which speak and say have not. 

TELL, v.i. 1. To give an account; to make report. 2. 
To act upon with efiect ; as, every shot tells. — To tell of, 
or to tell on, [vulgar,] to inform. 

TELL'EIl, 7!. 1. One that tells, relates or communicates the 
knowledge of something. 2. One who numbers. — 3. In 
the exchequer of England, there are four othcers, called 
tellers, whose business is to receive all moneys due to the 
crown. 4. An ofiicer of a bank, who receives and pays 
money on cliecks. 

TEL'LIN-ITE, n. Petrified or fossil shells. 

TELL'-TALE, a. Telling tales ; babblinpr. Shak. 

TELL'-TALE, n. [tell and tale.] 1. One who officiously 
communicates information of the private concerns of indi- 
viduals. 2. A movable piece of ivory or lead on a cham- 
ber organ, that gives notice v/hen the wind is exhausted. 
— 3. In seamanship, a small piece of wood traversing in a 
groove across the front of tiie poop deck, and which, by 
communicating with a small ban-el on the axis of the 
steering wheel, indicates the situation of the helm. Mar. 
Diet. 

TEL'LU-RATE, n. A compound of tellurium and a base. 

TEL'LU-RET-ED, a. Tellureted hydrogen is hydrogen 
combined with tellurium in a gaseous form. Ure. 

TEL-Lu'RI-UM, n. A metal discovered by Klaproth, com- 
bined with gold and silver hi the ores. 

TEM'A-€HIS, n. [Gr. repaxos.] A genus of fossils. 

TEM-E-Ra'RI-OUS, a. [Fr. temeraire ; L. temerarins.] 1. 
Rash ; headstrong ; despising danger. 2. Careless ; heed- 
less ; done at random. 

TEPiI-E-Ra'RI-OUS-LY, adu. Rashly; with excess of bold- 
ness. Swift. 

TE-MER'I-TY, 7.. [L. temeritas.] 1. Rashness ; unreason- 



able contempt of danger. 2. Extreme boldness. CotiJ* 
ley. 

TEM'IN, 71. A money of account in Algiers, equivalent to 
2 carubes, or 29 aspers, about 34 cents. Cyc. 

TEM'PER, V. t. [L. tenipero ; It. temperare ; Sp. templar ; 
Fr. temperer.] 1. To mix so that one part quarlifies the 
other ; to bring to a moderate state. 2. To compound ; to 
form by mixture ; to qualify, as by an ingredient. 3. To 
unite in due proportion ; to render symmetrical ; to ad- 
just, as parts to each other. 4. To accommodate ; to 
modify. 5. To soften; to mollify; to assuage; to soothe; 
to calm ; to reduce any violence or excess. 6. To form to 
a proper degree of hardness. 7. To govern ; a Latinism ; 
[obs.] — 8. In music, to modify or amend a false or imper- 
fect concord by transferring to it a part of the beauty of a 
perfect one, that is, by dividing the tones. 

TEM'PER, n. 1. Due mixture of different quahties ; or the 
state of any compound substance which results from the 
mixture of various ingredients. 2. Constitution of body. 
3. Disposition of mind ; the constitution of the mind, par- 
ticularly with regard to the passions and affections. 4 
Calmness of mind ; moderation. 5. Heat of mind or pas- 
sion ; irritation. K. The state of a metal, particularly as 
to its hardness. 7. Middle course ; mean or medium. 
Swift. — 8. In sugar-works, white lime or other substance 
stirred into a clarifier filled with cane-juice, to neutralize 
the superabundant acid. Edwards, W. Indies. 

TEM'PER-A-MENT, ??.. [Fr. ; 'L.temperamentum.] 1. Con- 
stitution ; state with respect to the predominance of any 
quality. 2. Medium ; due mixture of different qualities. — 
3. In music, temperament is an operation which, by means 
of a slight alteration in the intervals, causes the difference 
betwee)! two contiguous sounds to disappear, and makes 
each of them appear identical with the other. 

TEiM-PER-A-MENT'AL, a. Constitutional. [L. u.] Brown. 

TEM'PER- ANCE, n. [Fr. ; L. tev^perantia.] 1. Modera- 
tion ; particularly, habitual moderation in regard to tlie 
indulgence of the natural appetites and passions ; re- 
strained or moderate indulgence. 2. Patience ; calmness; 
sedateness ; moderation of passion ; [unusual.] 

TEM'PER-ATE, a. [L. temperatus.] 1. Moderate ; not 
excessive. 2. Moderate in the indulgence of the appe- 
tites and passions. 3. Cool ; calm ; not marked with 
passion ; not violent. 4. Proceeding from temperance 
5. Free from ardent passion. 

TEM'PER-ATE-LY, adv. 1. Moderately ; without excess 
or extravagance. 2. Calmly ; without violence of pas- 
sion. 3. With moderate force. 

TEM'PER-ATE-NESS, n. ]. Moderation; freedom from 
excess. 2. Calmness; coolness of mind. 

TEM'PER-A-TiVE, a. Having the power or quality oi 
tempering. 

TEM'PER- A-TURE, 7?. [Fr. ; Ij. temperatura.] 1. Inphys- 
ics, the state of a body with regard to heat or cold, as in- 
dicated by the thermometer ; or the degree of free caloric 
which a body possesses, when compared with other 
bodies. 2. Constitution; state; degree of any quality. 
3. Moderation ; freedom from immoderate passions ; [ubs.] 

TEM'PERED, pp. 1. Duly mixed or modified ; reduced to 
a proper state ; softened ; allayed ; hardened. 2. Adjust- 
ed by musical temperament. 3. a. Disposed. 

TEM'PER-ING, ppr. Mixing and qualifying; qualifying by 
mixture ; softening ; mollifying ; hardening. 

TEM'PEST, n. [Fr. tempete ; L. tempestas ; Sp. tempestad ; 
It. tempesta.] 1. An extensive current of wind, rushing 
with great velocity and violence ; a storm of extreme vi- 
olence. — We usually apply the word to a steady wind of 
long continuance ; but we say, also, of a tornado, it blew 
a tempest. The currents of wind are named, according to 
their respective degrees of force or rapidity, a breeze, a 
gale, a storm, a tempest ; but gale is also used as synony- 
mous with stor?«, and storm with tempest. Gitsi is usu- 
ally applied to a sudden blast of short duration. 2. A vi 
olent tumult or commotion. 3. Perturbation ; violen 
agitation. 

TEM PEST, 75. t. To disturb as by a tempest. [Little used.] 
jMilton. 

TEM'PEST, v. i. [Fr. tempester ; It. tempestare.] 1 To 
storm. Sandijs, 2. To pour a tempest on. B, Jonson. 

TEM'PEST-BkAT-EN, a. [tempest and beat.] Beaten or 
shattered with storms. Dryden. 

t TEM-PES-TIV'I-TY, u. [L. tempestivus.] Seasonableness. 

TEMTEST-TOST, a. Tossed about by tempests. 

TEM-PEST'U-OUS, a. [Sp. tempestuoso : It. tempestoso ; 
Fr. tempStueux.] 1. Very stormy ; turbulent ; rough with 
wind. 2. Blowing with violence. 

TEM-PEST'U-OUS-LY, adv. With great violence of wind 
or great commotion ; turbulently. Milton. 

TEM-PEST'U-OUS-NESS, n. Storminess ; the state or 
being tempestuous or disturbed by violent winds. 

TEM'PLAR, 71. [from the T^eTn^^Ze, ahouse near the Thames, 
which originally belonged to the knights Templars. The 
latter took their denomination from an apartment of the 
palaceof Baldwin II. in Jerusalem, near the temple.] 1. A 



^ See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, tJ, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



TEN 



829 



TEN 



student of the law. Pope.—Q. Templars, knights of the 
Temple, a religious military order, first ebrablished at Je- 
rusalem in favor of pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land . 
TEM'PLE, n. [Ft. ; L. templum ; it. tempw ; Sp. templo.] 

1. A public edifice erected in honor of some deity. 2. A 
church ; an edifice erected among Christians as a place of 
public worship. 3. A place in which the divine presence 
specially resides ; the church, as a collective body. Eph. ii. 
— 4. In Englajid, the Temples are two inns of court, thus 
called because anciently the dwellings of the knights 
Templars. 

TEM'PLE, n. [L. tempus, tempora.] 1. Literally, the fall 
of the head ; the part where the head slopes from the top. 
— 2. In anatomy, the anterior and lateral part of the head, 
where the skull is covered by the temporal muscles. 

TEiM'PLE, V. t. To build a temple for ; to appropriate a 
temple to [Little iised.] Feltham. 

TEM'PLET, 71. A piece of timber in a building. 

TEM'PO-RAL, a. [Fr. temp or el ; L,. temporalis.'] 1. Per- 
taining to this life or this world or the body only ; secular. 

2. Measured or limited by time, or by this life or this state 
of things 5 having limited existence. — 3. In grammar, re- 
lating to a tense ; as, a temporal augment. 4. [Fr. tem- 
poral.'] Pertaining to the temple or temples of the head. 

TEM-PO-RAL'1-TIES, or TEM'PO-RALS, n. Secular pos- 
sessions ; revenues of an ecclesiastic proceeding from 
lands, tenements or lay-fees, tithes and the like. 

TEM'PO-RAL-LY, idv. With respect to time or this life 
only. South. 

t TSM'PO-RAL-NESS, n. Worldliness. 

TEM'PO-RAL-TY, n. 1. The laity ; secular people ; [little 
used.] 2. Secular possessions. 

TEM-PO-Ra'NE-OJjS, a. Temporary. [Little tised.] 

TEM'PO-RA-RI-LY, adv. For a time only ; not perpetually. 

TEM'PO-RA-RI-NESS, n. The state of being temporary. 

TEM'PO-RA-RY, a. [L. temporarius.] Lasting for a time 
only ; existing or continuing for a limited time. 

TEM-PO-RI-Za'TION, n. The act of temporizing. 

TEM'PO-RiZE, v. I. [Fr. temporiser.] 1. To comply with 
the time or occasion ; to humor or yield to the current of 
opinion or to circumstances. 2. To delay ; to procrasti- 
nate ; [I. u.] 3. To comply ; [obs.] 

TEM'PO-RlZ-ER, n. One who yields to the time, or com- 
plies with the prevailing opinions, fashions or occasions ; 
a trimmer. Skak. 

TEM'PO-RlZ-ING, ppr. Complying with the time, or with 
the prevailing humors and opinions of men ; time-serving. 

TEMPT, V. t. [Arm. tempti ; L. tento ; Fr. tenter ; It. ten- 
tare ; Sp. tentar.] 1. To incite or solicit to an evil act ; to 
entice to something wrong by presenting arguments that 
are plausible or convincing, or by the offer of some plea- 
sure or apparent advantage as the inducement. 2. To 
provoke ; to incite. 3. To solicit ; to draw. 4. To try ; 
to venture on ; to attempt. — 5. In Scripture, to try ; to 
prove ; to put to trial for proof. 

TEMPT'A-BLE, a. Liable to be tempted. Szcift. 

TEMP-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of tempting; enticement 
to evil. 2. Solicitation of the passions; enticements to 
evil proceeding from the prospect of pleasure or advan- 
tage. 3. The state of being tempted or enticed to evil. 
4. Trial. 5. That which is presented to the mind as an 
inducement to evil. — 6. In colloquial language, an allure- 
ment M any thing indifferent, or even good. 

TEMP-Ta'TION-LESS, a. Having no motive. Ham- 
mond. 

TEMPT'ED, pp. Enticed to evil ; provoked ; tried. 

TEMPT'ER, n.' 1. One that solicits or entices to evil. 2. 
The great adversary of man ; the devil. JiLitt. iv. 

TEMPT'ING, ppr. 1. Enticing to evil; trying. 9. a. 
Adapted to entice or allure ; attractive. 

TEMPT'ING-LY, ado. In a manner to entice to evil ; so as 
to allure. 

TEMPT'RESS, n. A female who entices. 

TEMSE, n. A sieve. Sometimes written terns and tempse. 

TEMSE'BREAD, ; n. [Fr. tamiser ; It. tamisare.] Bread 

TEM'SED-BREAD, \ made of flour better sifted than 
common flour. 

t TEM'U-LENCE, ) n. [L. temulentia.] Intoxication ; in- 

f TEM'U-LEN-CY, \ ebriation ; drunkenness. 

t TEM'U-LENT, a. [L. temulentas.] Intoxicated. 

f TEM'U-LEN-TlVE, a. Drunken ; in a state of inebria- 
tion. 

'I EN, a. [Sax. tyn ; D. tien ; G. zehn ; Dan. tie ; Sw. tio.] 
1. Twice five ; nine and one. 2. It is a kind of prover- 
bial number. 

* TEN'A-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may be held, maintained or 
defended against an assailant, or against attempts to 

TE-Na'CIOUS, a. [h. tenax ; Fr. tenace.] L Holding fast, 
3r inclined to hold fast ; inclined to retain what is in 
possession. 2. Retentive ; apt to retain long what is com- 
mitted to it. 3. Adhesive ; apt to adhere to another sub- 
stance ; as oily, glutinous or viscous matter. 4. Niggard- 
ly ; close-fisted. 



TE-Na'CIOUS-LY, adv. 1. With a disposition to hold fast 
what is possessed. 2. Adhesively. 3. Obstinately ; With 
firm adherence. ' 

TE-Na'CIOUS-NESS, 71. 1. The quality of holding fast ; 
unwillingness to quit, resign or let go. 2. Adhesiveness ; 
stickiness. 3. Reientiveness. 

TE-NAC'I-TY, ',.. [Fr. tejiacite ; Tu. tenacitas.] 1. Adhe- 
siveness ; that quality of bodies which makes them stick 
or adhere to others ; glutinousness ; stickiness, 2. Tliat 
quality of bodies which keeps them from parting, without 
considerable force ; cohesiveness. 

t TEN^A-CY, n. Tenaciousness. Barrow. 

TE-NaIL', n. [Fr. tenaille.] In fortification, an outwork 
consisting of two parallel sides with a front. 

TEN'AIL-LON, n. In fortification, tenaillons are works 
constructed on each side of the ravelins, like the lunets. 

TEN AN-CY, n. [Sp. tenencia ; Fr. tenant ,' L. tenens.] In 
law, a holding or possession of lands or tenements ; ten- 
ure. 

TEN'ANT, n. [Fr. tenant ; L. teneo.] 1. A person holding 
land or other real estate under another, either by grant 
lease or at will. 2. One who has possession of any place ; 
a dweller. — Tenant in capite, or tenant in chief, by the 
laws of England, is one who holds immediately of the 
king. 

TEN'ANT, V. t. To hold or possess as a tenant. 

TEN'ANT-SAW. See Tenon. 

TEN'ANT-A-BLE, a. Fit to be rented ; in a state of repair 
suitable for a tenant. 

TEN' ANT-ED, pp. Held by a tenant. 

TEN'ANT-ING, ppr. Holding as a tenant. 

TEN'ANT-LESS, a. Having no tenant ; unoccupied. 

TEN'ANT-RY, n. 1. The body of tenants. 2. Tenancy ; 
[obs.l 

TENCH, n. [Fr. tenche ; Sp tenca ; Ti. tinea.] A fish. 

TEND, v.t. [contracted from attend ; L,. attendo.] 1. To 
watch ; to guard ; to accompany as an assistant or pro- 
tector. 2. To hold and take care of. 3. To be atten- 
tive to. 

TEND, v.i. [h.tendo; Fr. tendre ; It. tendere.] J. To 
move in a certain direction. 2. To be directed to any 
end or purpose ; to aim at ; to have or give a leaning. 3 
To contribute. 4. [for attend.] To attend ; to wait as at- 
tendants or servants ; [colloquial.] 5. To attend as 
something inseparable ; [obs.] 6. To wait ; to expect 
[obs.] 7. To swing round an anchor, as a ship. Mar 
Diet. 

t TEND'ANCE, n. 1. Attendance ; state of expectation. 
2. Persons attending. 3. Act of waiting; attendance. 
4. Care; act of tending. 

TEND'ED, pp. Attended ; taken care of; nursed. 

TEND'EN-CY, 7t. [from tend ; h. tendens.] Drift; direc 
tion or course towards any place, object, effect or result. 

TEND'ER, n. 1. One that attends or takes care of; a nurse 
2. A small vessel employed to attend a larger oiiO for 
supplying her with provisions and other stores, or to con- 
vey intelligence and the like. — 3- [Fr. tendre] In lain, nn 
offer, either of money to pay a debt, or of service to he 
performed, in order to save a penalty or forfeiture wliicii 
would be incurred by non-payment oi non-performance 
4. Any offer for acceptance. 5. The thing oftered. 6 
Regard ; kind concern ; [obs.] 

TEND'ER, V. t. [Fr. tendre ; L. tendo.] 1. To offer in 
words ; or to exhibit or present for acceptance. 2. To 
liold ; to esteem ; [obs,] 3. To offer in payment or satis- 
faction of a demand, for saving a penalty or forfeiture. 

TEN'DER, a. ''Fr. te7idre ; It. tenero ; Port, thiro.] 1. Soft ; 
easily impressed, broken, bruised or injured ; not firm or 
h?rd. 2. Very sensible to impression and pain ; easily 
pained. 3. Delicate ; effeminate ; not hardy or able to 
endure hardship. 4. Weak ; feeble ; as, tender age. 5. 
Young and carefully educated. Prov. iv. 6. Susceptible 
of the softer passions,, as love, compassion, kindness; 
compassionate. 7. Compassionate ; easily excited to [)iiy, 
forgiveness or favor. 8. Exciting kind concern. 9, tx 
pressive of the softer passions. 10. Careful to save invin 
late, or not to injure. 11. Gentle; mild; unwilling to 
pain. 12. Apt to give pain. 13. Adapted to excite feel- 
ing or sympathy ; pathetic. 

TEND'ERED, pp. Offered for acceptance. 

TEN'DER-HEART'ED, a. 1. Having great sensibility; 
susceptible of impressions or influence. 2. Very suscep 
tible of the softer passions of love, pity or kindness- 

TEN'DER-HEART'ED-NESS, n. Susceptibility of ihe 
softer passions. 

TEND'SR-ING, ppr. Offering for acce;^iance. 

TEN'DER-LING, ti. 1. A fondling ; one made tender l.y 
too much kindness. 2. The first horn„ of a deer. 

TEN'DER-LOIN, n. A tender part of flesh in the hind 
quarter of beef. 

TEN'DER-LY, aciv. L With tenderness ; mildly; gently; 
softly ; in a manner not to injure or glvij pain. 2. Kind- 
ly ; with pity or afffection. 

TEN'DE^l-NESS, n. 1. The state of bpmg tender or easily 



* See Srjnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ; BULL, UNITE — € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; IH as in tMs. f Obsolete. 



TEN 



830 



TER 



broken, bruised or injured ; softness j brittleness. 2. The 
state of being easily hurt ; soreness. 3. Susceptibility of 
the softter passions ; sensibility. 4. Kind attention ; anx- 
iety for the good of another, or to save him frojn pain, 
5. Scrupulousness ; caution ; extreme care or concern not 
to give or to commit otfense. 6. Cautious care to preserve 
or not to injure. 7. Softness of expression ; pathos. 

TEND'ING, ppr. Having a certain direction ; taking care 
of- 

TEJSD'ING, n. In seamen's language, a swinging round or 
movement of a ship upon her anchor. 

TEN.'DIN-OUS, a. [Fr. tendineux ; It, tendinoso.] 1. Per- 
taining to a tendon ; partaking of the nature of tendons. 
2. Full of tendons; sinewy. 

t TEND'MENT, n. Attendance ; care. Hall. 

TEN'DON, n. [L. tendo ; Gr. revujv.] in anatomy, a hard, 
lnsensiW« cord or bundle of fibres, by which a muscle is 
attachea to a bone. 

TEN'DRAG, n. An animal of the hedgehog kind. 

TEN'DRIL, n. [Fr. teiidron.] A Cidsp or clasper of a vine 
or other climbing or creeping plant. 

TEN'DRIL, a. Clasping ; climbing, as a tendril. 

TEN'DRY, 71. Proposal to acceptance ; tender. Heylin. 

TEN'E-BROUS, ; a. [L. tenebrosus.l Dark : gloomy. 

TE-Ne'BRI-OUS, \ Young. 

TE-Ne'BROTTS-NESS 



TEN-E-BROs't-TY, 



Darkness ; gloom. 



TEN'E-MENl', n. [Fr. ; Low L. tenemenUim.] 1. In com- 
mon acceptation, a house ; a building for a habitation ; or 
an apartment in a building, used by one family. Q. A 
house or lands depending on a manor ; or a fee farm de- 
pending on a superior. — 3, In law, any species of perma- 
nent property that may be held, as land, houses, rents, 
commons, an office, &c. 

TEN-E-MENT'AL, a. Pertaining to tenanted lands; that 
is or may be held by tenants. Blackstone. 

TEN-E-MENT'A-RY, a. That is or may be leased ; held 
by tenants, Spelman. 

TEN'ENT. See Tenet. 

t TE-NER'I-TY, n. Tenderness. 

TE-NES'MUS, n. [L,] A painful, ineffectual and repeated 
effort, or a continual and urgent desire to go to stool, 

* TEN'ET, n. [L. tenet, he holds.] Any opinion, princi- 
ple, dogma or doctrine which a person believes or main- 
tains as true, 

TEN'FoLD, a. [ten and fold.] Ten times more. 

TEN'NANT-ITE, n. [ficm Tennant.] A subspecies of gray 
copper ; a mineral of a lead color. Ure. 

TEN'NIS, n. A play in which a ball is driven continually 
or kept in motion by rackets. 

TEN'NIS, V. t. To drive a ball. Spenser. 

TEN'ON, 71. [Fr.] In building and cabinet work, the end of 
a piece of timber, whxh is fitted to a mortise. 

TEN'OR, n. [L. tenor ; Fr. teneur ; It, tenore ; Sp, tenor.] 
1, Continued run or currency ; whole course or strain, 2. 
Stamp ; character, 3, Sense contained ; purport ; sub- 
stance ; general course or drift. — 4. [Fr. tenor.] In music, 
the natural pitch of a man's voice in singing ; hence, the 
part of a tune adapted to a man's voice, tJie second of the 
four parts, reckoning from the base, 5. The persons who 
sing the tenor, or the instrument that plays it. 

TENSE, (tens) a. [L. tensus.] Stretched ; strained to stiff- 
ness ; rigid ; not lax, 

TENSE, (tens) n. [corrupted from Fr, temps ; L, tempus.] 
In grammar, time, or a particular form of a verb, or a 
combination of words, used to express the time of action, 
or of that which is affirmed ; or tense is an inflection of 
verbs by which they are made to signify or distinguish 
the time of actions or events, 

'i ENSE'NESS, (tens'nes) n. The state of being tense or 
stretched to stiffness ; stiffness. Sharp. 

TENS'I-BLE, a. Capable of being extended. Bacon. 

TENS'lLE, a. Capable of extension. Bacon. 

TEN'SION, 71. [Fr. ; L. tensio.] 1. The act of stretching or 
straining. 2. The state of being stretched or strained to 
stiffness; or the state of being bent or strained. 3, Dis- 
tension. 

TENS'IVE, a. Giving the sensation of tension, stiffness or 
contraction. 

TENS'OR, 71. In anatomy, a muscle that extends a part, 

t I'EN'SURE. The same as tension. Bacon. 

PENT, 71. [W, tent ; Fr, tejite ; Sp. tienda ; L. tentorium.] 

1. A pavilion or portable lodge consisting of canvas or 
other coarse clotu, stretched and sustained by poles ; used 
fr,r sheltering persons from the weather, particularly sol- 
diers in camp. — 2, In surgery, a roll of lint or linen, used 

• » dilate an opening in the flesh. 
TENT, 71. [Sp. tinto ; L. tinctws.] A kind of wine of a deep 

red color, chiefly from Galicia or Malaga, 
TENT, V. i. To lodge as in a tent ; to tabernacle, 
TENT, V. t. 1. To probe ; to search as with a tent. Shak. 

2. To keep open with a tent. Wiseman. 
TEN'TA-€LE, n. [Tech. h. tentacula.] A filiform process 

or organ on the bodies of various animals. 



TENT'AGE, n. An encampment. [Unusual.] Drayton. 

TEN-Ta'TION, 71. [Fr. ; L. tentatio ; tento, to try.] Trial 
temptation, [Little used.] Brown. 

TENT'A-TlVE, a. [Fr.] Trying; essaying. 

TENT'A-TlVE, n. An essay ; trial. Berkeley. 

TENT'ED, a. 1. Covered or furnished with tents, as so - 
diers, 2. Covered with tents ; as, a tented field. 

TENT'ER, n. [L. tendo, tentus.] A hook for stretching 
cloth on a frame. — To be on the tenters, to be on the 
stretch ; to be in distress. 

TENT'ER, V. t. To hang or stretch on tenters. 

TENT'ER, V. i. To admit extension. Bacon. 

TENT'ERED, pp. Stretched or hung on tenters. 

TENT'ER-GROUND, n. Ground on which tenters are 
erected, 

TENT'ER-ING, ppr. Stretching or hanging on tenters. 

TENTH, a. The ordinal often ; the first after the ninth. 

TENTH, n. 1. The tenth part. 2, Tithe; the tenth part 
of annual produce or increase. — 3. In music, the octave 
of the third ; an interval comprehending nine conjoint de- 
grees, or ten sounds, diatonically divided. 

TENTH'LY, adv. In the tenth place. 

t TEN-TIG'IN-OUS, a. ['L.tentigo.] Stiff; stretched. Picf. 

TENT'OrRY, 71. [1j. tentorium.] The awning of a tent. 

TENT'VVoRT, n. A plant of the genus aspZe78iM7?i. 

TEN-U-I-Fo'LI-OUS, a. [L, tenuis and folium.] Having 
thinor narrow leaves, 

TE-NuT-TY, n. [Fr, tenuite ; L, tenuitas.] 1. Thinness ; 
smallness in diameter ; exility ; thinness, applied to a 
broad sxLbstance, and slenderness, applied to one that is 
long. 2. Rarity ; rareness ; thinness ; as of a fluid. 3. 
Poverty ; [obs.] 

TEN'U-OUS, a. [L. tenuis.] 1. Thin ; small ; mmute 2. 
Rare. 

* TEN'URE, 11. [Fr, from tenir ; L. teneo, to hold,] 1 A 
holdmg. In English law, the manner of holding lands 
and tenements of a superior. In the United States, almost 
all lands are held in fee simple ; not of a superior, bv^t the 
whole right and title to the property being vested in the 
owner, 2, Tenure, in general, is the particular manner 
of holding real estate, 3, The consideration, condition or 
service which the occupier of land gives to his lord or 
superior for the use of his land, 4, Manner of holding in 
general, 

TEP-E-F ACTION, n. [L. tepefacio.] The act or operation 
of warming, making tepid or moderately warm. 

TEP'E-FY, V. t. [L. tepefacio.] To make moderately warm. 

TEP'E-FY, v. i. To become moderately warm, 

TEP'ID, a. [L tepidu3.] Moderately warm ; lukewarm. 

TE-PID'I-TY, n. - - 

Richardson. 

TEP'ID-NESS, 71, Moderate warmth ; lukewarmness, 

Te'POR, 71, [L.] Gentle heat ; moderate warmth. 

TER'A-PHIM, n. [Heb.] Household deities or images. 

t TER-A-T0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. regas ar/d Aoyo?.] Bombast 
in language ; affectation of sublimity, Bailey. 

TERCE, (ters) n. [Sp. tercia ; Fr. tiers, tierce.] A cask 
whose contents are 42 gallons, the third of a pipe or butt. 

TER'CEL, 71. The male of the common falcon. 

TEECE'-Ma-JOR, 71. A sequence of the three best cards. 

TER'E-BINTH, n. [Fr, terebinthe.] The turpentine tree, 

TER-E-BIN'THIN-ATE, a. Terebinthine, Ramsay. 

TER-E-BIN'THlNE, a. [L, tcrebinthinus.] Pertaining to 
turpentine ; consisting of turpentine, or partaking of its 
qualities, 

TER'E-BRATE, v. t. (L. terebro.] To bore ; to perforate 
with a gimlet, [Little used.] Derham. 

TER-E-BRa'TION, n. The act of boring, [L.u.] Bacon 

TER-E-BRAT'U-LITE, n. Fossil terebratula, a shell. 

TE-Re'DO, 71. [L,] A worm, or a genus of worms. 

TER'EK, n. A water-fowl with long legs. 

TER'ET, I a. [L. teres.] Round and tapering ; colum* 

TE-ReTE', \ nar, as the stem of a plant. 

TER-GEM'I-NAL, I a. [L. tergeminus.] Thrice double. 

TER-GEM'I-NATE, S Martyn. 

TER-GEM'I-NOUS, a. Threefold. 

TER-GIF'E-TOUS, a. Tergifetous plants are such as bear 
their seeds on the back of their leaves, as ferns. 

TER'GI-VER-SATE, v. i. [L, terguvi and verto.] To shift; 
to practice evasion, [Little used.] 

TER-6I-VER-Sa'TI0N, n. 1, A shifting; shift; subter- 
fuge; evasion. 2. Change; fickleness of conduct. 

TERM, 71. [Gr. repua ; Fr. terme ; It. termine ; Sp. termino ; 
L. terminus.] 1. A limit ; a bound or boundary ; the ex- 
tremity of any thing ; that which limits its extent. 2. 
The time for which any thing lasts ; any limited time.— 
3. In geometry, a point or line that limits. — 4. In laze, the 
limitation of an estate ; or. rather, the whole time or dura- 
tion of an estate, — 5. In law, the time in which a court is 
held or open for the trial of causes, — 6, In universities and 
colleges, the time during which instruction is regularly 
given to students, — 7. In grammar, a word or expression ; 
that which fixes or determines ideas, — 8, In the arts, a 



[Old Fr, tepidite.] Lukewarmness. Bp. 



* See Sifnopsis. a, E, I, O V ^ long —FkR FALL WHAT ,— PREY ;—PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. 



TER 



asi 



TES 



«vord or expression that denotes something peculiar to an 
art. — 9. In loffic, a syllogism consists of three terms, the 
major, the minor, and the middle. Hedge. — 10. In archi- 
tecture, a kind of statues or columns adorned on the top 
with the figure of a head, eitlier of a man, woman or 
satyr. — 11. Among the ancients, terms, termini viiliares, 
were the heads of certain divinities placed on square 
land-marks of stone, to mark the several stadia on roads. 
— 12. In algebra, a member of a compound quantity. Day. 
— 13. Among physicians, the monthly courses of females 
are called terms. — 14. In contracts, term^, in the plural, 
are conditions ; propositions stated or promises made, 
which, when assented to or accepted by another, settle 
the contract and bind the parties. 

TERM, V. t. To name ; to call ; to denominate. Locke. 

TER'MA-GAN-CY, n. Turbulence ; tumultuousness. 

TER'MA-GANT, a. [Sax. tir, or t7jr, and magan.] Tumult- 
uous ; turbulent ; boisterous or furious j quarrelsome ; 
scolding. 

TER'MA-GANT, n. A boisterous, brawling, turbulent wo- 
man. 

TERMED, pp. Called ; denominated. 

TERM'ER, n. One who travels to attend a court term. 

TERM'ER, ) n. One who has an estate for a term of vears 

TERM'OR, \ or life. Blackstone. 

TERM'-FEE, n. Among lawyers^ a fee or certain sum 
charged to a suitor for each term his cause is in court. 

TERM'IN-A-BLE, a. That may be bounded r limitable. 

TERM'IN-AL, a. '[from L, terminus.] 1. In botany, grow- 
ing at the end of a branch or stem; terminating. 2. 
Forming the extremity. 

TERM'IN-ATE, v. t. [Fr. terminer; L. termino ; Sp. ter- 
minar; It. terminate; L. terminus.'] 1. To bound; to 
limit ; to set the extreme point or side of a thing. 2. To 
end ; to put an end to. 

TERM'IN-ATE, v. i. 1. To be limited ; to end ; to come 
to the furthest point in space. 2. To end ; to close ; to 
come to a limit in time. 

TERM'IN-A-TED, pp. Limited ; bounded ; ended. 

TERM'rN-A-TING,;)j3r. Limiting; ending; concluding. 

TERM-IN-A'TION, n. 1. The act of limiting or setting 
bounds ; the act of ending or concluding. 2. Bound ; 
limit in space or extent. 3. End in time or existence.— 
4. In grammar, the end or ending of a word ; the syllable 
or letter that ends a word. 5. End ; conclusion ; result. 
6. Last purpose. 7. Word ; term ; [obs.] 

TERM-IN-A'TION-AL, a. Forming the end or concluding 
syllable. Walker. 

TERM'IN-A-TlVE, a. Directing termination. Bp. Rust. 

TERM'IN-A-TiVE-LY, ado. Absolutely; so as not to re- 
spect any thing else. Taylor. 

TERM'IN-A-TOR, n. In astronomy, a name sometimes 
given to the circle of illumination, from its property of 
terminating the boundaries of light and darkness. 

TERM'iNE. Anciently used for terminate. 

TERM'IN-ER, n. A determining, as in oyer and terminer. 

TERM'ING, ppr. CaUing ; denominating. 

TERM'IN-IST, 71. In ecclesiastical history, a sect of Chris- 
tians. 

TERM-IN-OL'O-GY, u. [L. terminus, or Gr. TEpjxa and 
\oyos.] 1. The doctrine of terms ; a treatise on terms.— 
2. In natural history, that branch of the science which 
explains all the terms used in the description of natural 
objects. 

TER-MIN'THUS, n. [Gr. TepfjuvOog.] In surgery/, a large, 
painful tumor on the skin, thought to resemble a pine nut. 

TERM'LESS, a. Unlimited; boundless. Raleigh. 

TERM'LY, a. Occurring every term. Bacon. 

TERM'LY, adi\ Term by term ; every term. Bacon. 

TERN, n. [L. sterna.] A common name of certain aquatic 
fowls of the genus sterna. Ed. Encyc. 

TERN, a. [L, ternus.] Threefold ; consisting of three. 

TERN'A-RY, a. [L. ternarius.] Proceeding by threes; 
consisting of three. Cyc 

TERN'A-RY, or TERN'ION, n. [L. ternarius, ternio.] The 
number three. Holder. 

TERN'ATE, a. [L. ternus, terni.] In botany, a ternate leaf 
is one that has three leaflets on "a petiole. 

TER'RA Japonica, catechu, so called.— Terra Lemnia, a 
species of red, bolar earth. — Terra ponderosa, barytes ; 
heavy spar. — Terra Sienna, a brown bole from Sienna. 

TER'RACE, n. [Fr. tcrrasse ; It. terrazzo ; Sp. terrado.] 
1. In gardening, a raised bank of earth with sloping sides, 
laid with turf, and graveled on the top for a walk. 2. A 
balconv or open gallery. 3. The flat roof of a house. 

TER'RACE, V. t. 1. To form into a terrace, 2. To open 
to the air and light. 

TER'RACED, pp. Formed into aterrace ; having a terrace. 
Thomson. 

TER'RA-CING, ppr Forming into a terrace. 

TER'R^-FIL'I-US, n. [L.] Formerly, a satirical actor at 
the public acts in the university of Oxford, not unlike the 
prevaricator at Cambridge. Guardian. 



TER'RA-PIN, n. A species of tide- water tortoise. 

TER-Ra'QUE-OUS, a. [L. terra and aqua.] Consisting of 
land and water, as the globe or earth. 

trER'RAR,_7i. A register of lands. Cowel. 

TERRE-BLuE, n. [Fr. terre, and blue.] A kind of earta 

tTERRE-MOTE, n. [L. terra and motus.] An earth- 
quake. 

TERRE-PLEIN, ) n. [¥r. terre anAplein.] In fortification, 

TERRE-PLAIN, \ the top, platform or horizontal surface 
of a rampart, on which the cannon are placed. 

TERRE-TEN'ANT, \ n. [Fr. terre-tenant.] One who has 

TER-TEN'ANT, \ the actual possession of land ; the 
occupant. 

TERRE-VERTE, n. [Fr. terre and verd, verte.] A species 
of green earth, used by painters. 

TER'REL, n. Little, earth, a magnet of a spherical figure. 

TER-ReNE', a. [L. terreiius.] 1. Pretaining to the earth ; 
earthy. 2. Earthly ; terrestrial. 

TER'RE-OUS, a. [L, terreus.] Earthy; consisting of 
earth. 

TER-RES'TRI-AL, a. [L. terrestris.] 1. Pertaining to the 
earth ; existing on the earth. 2. Consisting of earth. 3. 
Pertaining to the world, or to the present state ; sublu- 
nary. 

TER-RES'TRI-AL-LY, adv. After an earthly manner. 

t TER-RES'TRI-FY, v. t. [L. terrestris and facio.] To re- 
duce to the state of earth. Brown. 

TER-RES'TRI-OUS, a. 1. Earthy; [little used.] 2. Per- 
taininc to the earth ; being or living on the earth ; terres- 
trial. 

TER'RI-BLE, a.. [Fr.; Ij. terribilis.] 1. Frightful; adapted 
to excite terror; dreadful; formidable. 2. Adapted to 
impress dread, terror or solemn awe and reverence. 
3. adv. Severely ; very ; so as to give pain ; as, terrible 
cold ; a colloquial phrase. 

TER'RI-BLE-NESS, n. Dreadfulness ; formidableness ; the 
quality or state of being terrible. 

TER'RI-BLY, adv. 1, Dreadfully ; in a manner to excite 
terror or fright. 2. Violently ; very greatly. 

TER'RI-ER, n. {Fr.] 1. A dog or little hound, that creeps 
into the ground after animals that burrow. 2. A lodge or 
hole where certain animals secure themselves. 3. A 
book or roll in which the lands of private persons or cor- 
porations are described. 4. [L. tero.] A wimble, auger 
or borer. 

TER-RIF'I€, a. [L, terrificus.] Dreadful ; causing terror ; 
adapted to excite great fear or dread. 

TER RI-FiED, pp. Frightened ; afirighted. 

TER'RI-F-?, V. t. [L. terror and facio.] To frighten ; to 
alarm or shock with fear. 

TER'RI-FY-ING, ppr. Frightening ; affrighting. 

TER-RIG'EN-OUS, a. [L. terrigena.] Earthborn ; produ- 
ced by the earth. 

TER-RI-To'RI-AL. a. 1. Pertaining to territory or land. 
2. Limited to a certain district. 

TER-RI-To'RI-AL-LY, adv. In regard to territory; by 
means of territory. E. Everett. 

TER'RI-TO-RY, ii.. [Fr. territoire ; It., Sp. territorio ; L. 
territorium.] 1. The extent or compass of land within the 
bounds or belonging to the jurisdiction of any state, city 
or other body. 2. A tract of land belonging to and ruder 
the dominion of a prince or state, lying at a distance from 
the parent country or from the seat of government. 

TER'ROR, n. [L. terror ; Fr. terreur ; It. terrore.] 1. Ex- 
treme fear ; violent dread ; fright ; fear that agitates the 
body and mind. 2. That which may excite dread; the 
cause of extreme fear. — 3. In Scripture, the sudden judg- 
ments of God are called terrors. Ps. Ixxiii. 4. The 
threatenings of wicked men, or evil apprehended from 
them. 1 Pet. iii. 5. Awful majesty, calculated to impress 
fear. 2 Cor. v. 6. Death is emphatically styled the king 
of terrors. 

TERSE, (ters) a. [L. tersv^.] Cleanly written ; neat; ele- 
gant without pompousness. 

TERSE'LY, (ters'ly) adv. Neatly. 

TERSE'NESS, (ters'nes) n. Neatness of style ; smoothness 
of language. Warton. 

TER-TEN'ANT, n. [Fr. ten-e, and tenant.] The occupant 
of land. 

TER'TIALS, •". In ornithology, feathers near the junction 
of the wing with the body. 

TER'TIAN, a. [L. tertianus, from tertius, third.] Occur- 
ring every other day ; as, a tertian fever. 

TER'TIAN, n. A disease or fever whose paroxysms return 
every other day. 2. A measure of 84 gallons; [obs.] 

TER'TIA-RY, a. Third ; of the third formation. Tertiary 
mountains are such as result from the ruins of other 
mountains promiscuously heaped together. Kirwan. 

TER'TIATE, ?'. t. [L. tertiiis.] 1. To do any thing the 
third time. 2. To examine the thickness of the metal at 
the muzzle of a gun ; or, in general, to examine the thick- 
ness to ascertpin the strength of ordnance. 

TES'SEl-ATE, v. t. PL. tessela.] To fcrm iiitc squares or 
checkers ; to lay with checkered work. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— ByLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as 8H ; TH as ir. this, t Obsclett 



TES 



832 



TET 



TES'SEL-A-TED, pp. 1. Checkered ; formed in little 
squares or mosaic work.— 2. In botany, spotted or check- 
ered like a chess-board. 

TES-SEL-A'TION, n. Mosaic work or the operation of 
making it. Forsyt/i, Italy. 

TES-SE-RA'ie, a. [L. tessera.] Diversified by squares j 
tesselated. Atkytis. 

TEST, n. [L. testa ; It. testa, or tcsto ; Fr. tit.] 1. In metal- 
lurgy, a large cupel, or a vessel in which metals are melt- 
ed for trial and refinement. 2. Trial; examination by 
the cupel ; hence, any critical trial and examination. 3. 
Means of trial. 4, That with which anything is com- 
pared for proof of its geimineness ; a standard. 5. Dis- 
criminative characteristic ; standard. 6. Judgment ; dis- 
tinction. — 7. In chemistry, a substance employed to detect 
any unknown constituent of a compound, by causing it to 
exhibit some known property. 

TEST, 71. [L. teuis.] In England, an oath and declaration 
against transubstantiation, which all officers, civil and 
military, were heretofore obliged to take within six 
months after their admission. 

TEST, V. t. 1. To compare with a standard ; totry ; to prove 
the truth or genuineness of any thing by experiment or 
by some fixed principle or standard. Edin. Review. 2. To 
attest and date. — 3. In metallurgy, to refine gola or silver 
by means of lead, in a test, by the destruction, vitrifica- 
tion or scorification of all extraneous matter. 

TEST'A-BLE, a. [L. testor.] That may be devised or given 
by will. Blackstone. 

TES-TA-CE-OG'RA-PHY. See Testa ceology. 

TKS-TA-CE-0L'0-6Y, | n. [L. testacea, or testa, and Gr. 

TES-TAL'0-6Y, ) Xuyos.] The science of testace- 

ous vermes ; a branch of vermeology. 

TES-Ta'CEOUS, a. [L, testaceus.] Pertaining to shells ; 
consisting of a hard shell, or having a hard, continuous 
shell. 

TEST'A-MENT, n. [Fr.; L. testamentum.] 1. A solemn, 
authentic instrument in writing, by which a yerson de- 
clares his will as to the disposal of his estate and eflects 
after his death. This is otherwise called a will. 2. The 
name of each general division of the canonical books of 
the Scriptures ; as the Old Testament ; the New Testa- 
ment. 

TEST-A-MENT'A-RY, a. 1. Pertaining to a will or to 
wills. 2. Bequeathed by will ; given by testament. 3. 
Done by testament or will. 

TEST-A-MENT-a'TIOJ\% n. The act or power of giving 
bv wtU. [Little used.] B.urke. 

TEST'ATE, a. [L. testatus.] Having made and left a will. 

TEST-a'TION, 71. [L. testatio.] A witnessing or witness. 

TEST-a'TOR, n. [L.] A man who makes and leaves a 
will or testament at death. 

TEST-a'TRIX, n. A woman who makes and leaves a will 

TEST'ED, pp. Tried or approved by a test. Shak. 

TEST'ER, n. [Fr. tite.] The top covering of a bed. 

TEST'ER, ( n. A French coin, of the value of about six- 

TEST'ON, \ pence sterling. 

TEST'ERN, n. A six-pence. 

t TEST'ERN, V. t. To present with six-pence. 

T£ST'I-eLE, n. [L. testiculus.] The testicles are male or- 
gans of generation. Cyc. 

TES-TI€'U-LATE, a. In botany, shaped like a testicle. 

TES-TI-FI-€a'TION, ?*. [L. testificatio.] The act of testi- 
fying or giving testimony or evidence. South. 

TES-TI-F_I-eA'TOR n One who gives evidence. 

TEST'I-FlED, pp. [from testify.] Given in evidence ; wit- 
nessed ; published; made known. 

TEST'I-Fl-ER, n. One who testifies ; one who gives testi- 
mony or bears witness to prove any thing. 

TEST'I-F-?, V. i. [L. testificor ; It. testificare ; Sp. testifi- 
car.] 1. To make a solemn declaration ; to establish some 
fact; to give testimony. — 2. In judicial proceedings, to 
make a solemn declaration under oath, for the purpose of 
establishing or making proof of some fact to a court. 3. 
To declare a charge against one. 4. To protest; to de- 
clare against. 

TEST'I-FY, V. t. 1. To afiirm or declare solemnly for the 
purpose of establishing a fact. — 2. In law, to affirm or de- 
clare under oath before a tribunal, for the purpose of 
proving some fact. 3. To bear witness to ; to support the 
truth of by testimony. 4. To publish and declare freely. 

TEST'I-F-J-ING, ppr. Affirming solemnly or under oath ; 
giving testimony ; bearing witness ; declaring. 

TEST'I-LY, adv. Fretfully ; peevishly ; with petulance. 

TEST-I-Mo'NI-AL, n. [Fr.; L. testimonium.] A writing or 
certificate in favor of one's character or good conduct. 

TEST'I-MO-NY, n. [L. testimonium.] 1. A solemn declara- 
tion or affirmation made for the purpose of establishing or 
proving some fact. Such affirmation , in judicial proceed- 
ings, may be verbal or written, but must be under oath. 
Testimony differs from evidence ,• testimony is the declara- 
tion of a witness, and evidence is the effect of that de- 
claration on the mind, or the degree of light which it af- 



fords. 2. Affirmation ; declaration. 3, Open attestation ■ 
profession . 4. Witness ; evidence ; proof of some fact.- 
5. In Scripture, the two tables of the law. 6. The book of 
the law. 7. The gospel, which testifies of Christ and de 
Clares the will of God. Tim. i. 8. The ark. Ex. xvi. 9 
The word of God ; the Scriptures. Ps. xix. 10. The laws, 
or precepts of God. Psalms U. That which is equiva- 
lent to a declaration ; manifestation. Clarke. 12. Evi- 
dence suggested to the mind. 2 Cor. i. 13. Attestation , 
confirmation. 

t TEST'I-MO-NY, v. t. To witness. Shak. 

TEST'I-NESS, 71. Fretfulness ; peevishness ; petulance. 

TEST'ING, ppr. [from test.] Tiying foj- proof; proving 
by a standard or by experiment. (Tre. 

TEST'ING, 71. 1. The act of trying for proof.— 2. In metal- 
lurgy, the operation of refining large quantities of gold oi 
silver by means of lead, in the vessel called a test. 

TES-TOON', n. A silver coin in Italy and Portugal. 

TEST'-P5-PER, n. A paper impregnated with a chemical 
re-agent, as litmus, &c. Parke. 

TES-TU'DI-NAL, a. Pertaining to the tortoise, or resem- 
bling it. Fleming. 

TES-'l'U'DI-NA-TED, a. [L. testudo.] Roofed ; arched. 

TES-7 g-DIN'E-OUS, a. Resembling the shell of a tortoise. 

TES-TU'DO, 71. [L.] 1. A tortoise.— Among the i^o??7a7^s, a 
cover or skreen which a body of troops formed with their 
shields or targets, by holding them over their heads when 
standing close to each other. — 2. In medicine, a broad soft 
tumor between the skull and the skin, called also talpa, 
or mole. 

TEST'Y, a. [from Fr. teste, tete, the head.] Fretful; 
peevish; petulant ;. easily irritated. Shak. 

TET'A-NUS, 7J.. [Gi. TSTavos.] A spasmodic contraction of 
the muscles of voluntary motion ; the locked jaw. Cyc. 

TE-TAUG', n. The name of a fish on the coast of l>ie\v 
F^ng'land ; called, also, black-fish. 

fTETCH'I-NESS, > See Techiness, Techy, [corrupted 

t TETCHY, ) from touchy, touchiness.] 

TETE, (tate) n. [Fr. head.] False hair; a kind of wig or 
cap of false hair. 

TETE'-A-TETE', [Fr.] Head to head; cheek by jowl ; in 
private. 

TETH'ER, 71. A rope or chain by which a beast is confined 
for feeding within certain limits. 

TETH ER, V. t. To confine, as a beast, with a rope or 
chain for feeding within certain limits. See Tedder. 

TET'RA-CHORD, n. [Gr. Terrapa and %opJ?;.] In ancient 
music, a diatessaron ; a series of four sounds. 

TET'RAD, 71. [Gr. rgrpas.] The number four ; a collection 
of four things. 

TET-RA-DAC'TY-LOUS, a. [Gr. rerQa and ^aKTvXos] 
Having four toes. 

TET-RA-DI-A-Pa'SON, n. [Gr. rtrpa, and diapason.] 
Quadruple diapason or octave ; a musical chord. 

TET-RA-DRACH'MA, n. [Gr. rtr^a and ^f)ay^»?.] In an- 
cient coinage, a silver coin worth fou>- drachmas, 3s. 
sterling. 

TET-RA-DY-NAM'I-AN, 71. [Gr. rerpa and ^uva/^t?.] In 
botany, a plant having six stamens. 

TET-RA-DY-NAM'I-AN, a. Having six stamens, four of 
which are uniformly longer than the others. 

TET'RA-GON, n. [Gr. rerpaywi'os-.] 1. In geometry, a fig- 
ure having four angles ; a quadrangle ; as a square, a 
rhombus, &c. — 2. In astrology, an aspect of two planets 
with regard to the earth, when they are distant from each 
other ninety degrees. 

TE-TRAG'0-NAL, a. 1. Pertaining to a tetragon ; having 
four angles or sides. — 2. In botany, having four prominent 
longitudinal angles, as a stem. 

TET'RA-GO-NISM, n. The quadrature of the circle. 

TET'RA-GYN, n. [Gr. rtrpa and yvvr].] In botany, a plant 
having four pistils. 

TET-RA-GYN'I-AN, a. Having four pistils. 

TET-RA-He'DRAL, a. 1. Having four equal triangles,— 
2. In botany, having four sides, as a pod or sdique. 

TET-RA-He'DRON, n. [Gr. rerpa and £^pa.] In geometry, 
a figure comprehended under four equilateral and equal 
triangles. 

TET-RA-HEX-A-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. Ttr^a and hexahe- 
dral.] In crystalography, exhibitmg four ranges of faces, 
cne above another, each range containing six faces. 

TE-TRAM'E-TER. n. [Gr. rtr^a and ptTQov.] In ancient 
poetry, an iambic verse consisting of four feet, found in 
the comic poets. 

TE-TRAN'DER, n. [Gr. rerpa and avri^.] In botany, n 
plant having four stamens. 

TE-TRAN'DRI-AN, a. Having four stamens. 

TET-RA-PET'A-LOUS, a. [Gr. rtrpa and rreruXoi/.J In 
botany, containing four distinct petals or flower-leaves 

TE-TRAPH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. rtrpa and ^vWov.] In 
botany, having four leaves. 



* See Synopsis, a, E, i, 5, tj, 1?, long.— FAS., FALL, WIIiJiT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



THA 



833 



THE 



TET'RAP-TOTE, n. [Gr. rer^a and itTumis.] In grammar, 
a noun that has four cases only ; as L. astus, lk.c. 

* TE'TRAReH, w. [Gr. Terpap'xris.] A Roman governor 
of the fourth part of a province ; a" subordinate prince. 

TE-TRARCH'ATE, n. The fourth part of a province un- 
der a Roman tetrarch ; or tlie office of a tetrarch. 
TE-TRAR€H'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to a tetrarchy. Herbert. 

* TET'RAR-€HY, n. The same as tetrarchate. 
TET-RA-SPERM'OUS, a. [Gr. rerpa and anspixa.] In 

botany, containing four seeds. 
TE-TRAS'TI€H, n. TGr. T£rpa(7rt;^os.] A stanza, epigram 

or poem consisting of four verses. Pope. 
TET'RA-STYLE, n. [Gr. tetou and arv'Xos.] In ancient 

architecture, a building with four columns in front. Cyc. 
TET-RA-SYL-LAB'ie, ) a. Consisting of four sylla- 
TET-RA-SYL-LABI-€AL, ' bles. Cyc. 
TET-RA-SYL'LA-BLE, n. [Gr. rerpa and (rvWafirj.] A 

word consisting of four syllables. 

Itpt/rt^at \^- [^- tetricus.] Froward; perverse; 

tTET'RI-SoUS ? harsh J sour; rugged. Knolles. 

t TE-TRIC'I-Ty', 71. Crabbedness ; perverseness 

TET'TER, n. [Sax. teter, tetr.l 1. In medicine^ a common 
name of several cutaneous diseases. — 2. In fai-riery, a 
cutaneous disease of animals, of the ring-worm kind. 

TET'TER, V. t. To affect with the disease called tetters. 

t TET'TISH, a. [qu. Fr. tSte, head.] Captious i testy. 

TEu-TON'ie, a. Pertaining to the Teutons, a people of 
Germany, or to their language ; as a nou7i, the language 
of the Teutons, the parent of the German Dutch, and An- 
glo Saxon or native English. 

TEW, V. t. 1. To work ; to soften ; [obs. See Taw.] 2. 
To woi-k ; to pull or tease ; amung seamen. 

t TEW, n. 1. Materials for any thing. 2. An iron chain. 

TEW'EL, n. [Fr. tuyau.} An iron pipe iiia forge to receive 
the pipe of a bellows. Moxon. 

tTEW'TAW, v.t. To beat; to break. [Sec Tew,] Mort- 
imer. 

TEXT, n. [Fr. texte ; L. textus i It. testo.] 1. A discourse 
or composition on which a note or commentary is written. 
2. A verse or passage of Scripture which a preacher se- 
lects as the subject of a discourse. 3. Any particular 
passage of Scripture, used as authority in argument for 
proof of a doctrine. — 4. In ancient law authors, the four 
Gospels, by way of eminence. 

TEXT, V. t. To write, as a text. [Mot much ttsed.] Beaum. 

TEXT'-BOOK, n. 1. In universities and colleges, a classic 
author vv^ritten with wide spaces betvieen the lines, to 
give room for the observations or interpretation dictated 
by the master or regent. 2. A book containing the lead- 
ing principles or most important points of a science or 
branch of learning, arranged in order for the use of stu- 
dents. 

TEXT'-HAND, n. A large hand in writing. 

TEXT'lLE, a. [L. textilis.] Woven, or capable of being 
woven. 

TEXT'lLE, n. That which is or may be woven. 

TEXT'-MAN, ?i, A man ready in the quotation of texts. 

TEX-To'RI-AL, a. [L. textor.] Pertaining to weaving. 

TEXT'RiNE, a. Pertaining to weaving. Derham. 

TEXT'U-AL, a. I. Contained in the text. 2. Serving for 
texts. 

TEXT'U-AL-IST, ) n. [Fr. textuaire.] 1. One who is well 

TEXT'U-A-RY, \ versed in the Scriptures, and can 
readily quote texts. 2. One who adheres to the text. 

TEXT'U-A-RY, a. 1. Textual ; contained in the text. 
Broian. 2. Serving as a text ; authoritative. Glanville. 

TEXT'U-IST, n. One ready in the quotation of texts. 

TEXT'URE, n. [L. textura.'] 1. The act of weaving. 2. 
A web ; that which is woven. 3. The disposition or con- 
nection of threads, filaments or other slender bodies in- 
terwoven, 4. The disposition of the several parts of any 
body in connection with each other ; or the manner in 
which the constituent parts are united 5. In anatomy. 

THACK, for thatch, is local. See Thatch. 

THAL'LITE, n. [Gr. OaXAoj.] In mineralogy, a substance 
called pistacite by Werner, 

THAM'MUZ, n. 1. The tenth month of the Jewish civil 
year, containing 29 days, and answering to a part of June 
and a part of July. 2. The name of a deity among the 
Phenicians. 

THAN, adv. [Sax. thanne ; Goth, than ; D. dan. This 
word signifies also then, both in English and Dutch.] 
This word is placed after some comparative adjective or 
adverb, to express comparison between what precedes 
and what follows ; as, wisdom is better than strength. 

THANE, n. [Sax. thegn, thcegn.] The thanes in England 
were formerly persons of some dignity. 

THaNE'-LANDS, n. Lands granted to thanes. 

THaNE'SHIP, n. The state or dignity of a thane ; or his 
seignory. 

THANK, V t. [Sax. thancian ; G.,D. danken.] 1. To ex- 



press gratitude for a favor ; to make acknowledgments to 
one for kindness bestowed. 2. It is used ironically. 

THANK, ; n. ; generally in the plural. [Sax. thane 

THANKS, \ Gaelic, tainc] Expression of gratitude ; aa 
acknowledgment made to express a sense of favor o< 
kindness received. 

THANKED, pp. Having received expressions of gratitude. 

THANK'FjJL, a. [Sax. thancfull ; Gaelic, taincal.] Grate- 
ful ; impressed with a sense of kindness received, and 
ready to acknowledge it. 

THANK'F(JL-LY, adv. With a grateful sense of favor or 
kindness received. Dryden. 

THANK'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Expression of gratitude; ac 
knowledgment of a favor. 2. Gratitude ; a lively sense 
of good received. 

THANK'ING, ppr. Expressing gratitude for good received. 

THANK'LESS, a. 1. Unthankful ; ungrateful ; not ac- 
knowledging favors. 2. Not deserving thanks, or not 
likely to gain thanks. 

THANK'LESS-NESS, n. Ingratitude ; failure to acknowl- 
edge a kindness. Donne. 

THANK'-OF-FER-ING, n. [thank and offering.] An offer- 
ing made in acknowledgment of mercy. Waits. 

t THANKS-GlVE', (thanks-giv') v. t. [thanks and give.] 
To celebrate or distinguish by solemn rites. Mede. 

THANKS-GIVER, ?t. One who gives thanks or acknowl- 
edges a kindness. Barrow. 

THANKS-GIVING, ppr. Rendering thanks for good re- 
ccivcd 

THANKS-GIVING, n. 1. The act of rendering thanks or 
expressing gratitude for favors or mercies. 2. A public 
celebration of divine goodness ; also, a day set apart for 
religious services. 

THANK'-WoR-THY, a. [thank and worthy.] Deserving 
thanks ; meritorious. 1 Pet. ii. 

THARM, 71. [Sax. thearm ; G., D. darm.] Intestines 
twisted into a cord. [Local.] 

THAT, an adjective, pronoun or substitute. [Sax. thcet, 
that ; Goth, ihata ; D. dat ; G. das ; Dan. det ; Sw, det.] 
1. That is a word used as a definitive adjective, pointing 
to a certain person or thing before mentioned, or supposed 
to be understood. 2. That is used definitively, to desig- 
nate a specific thing or person emphatically 3. Tkut is 
used as the representative of a noun, either a person or a 
thing. In this use, it is often a pronoun and a relative 
4. That is also the representative of a sentence, or part of 
a sentence, and often of a series of sentences. 5. That 
sometimes is the substitute for an adjective ; as, you allertge 
that the man is innocent ; that he is not. 6. That, in the 
following use, has been called a conjunction ; as, " I 
heard that the Greeks had defeated the Turks." 7. IViat 
was formerly used for that which, like what. 8. That is 
used in opposition to this, or by way of distinction. 9. 
When this and that refer to foregoing words, this, like 
the Latin hie, and French ceci, refers to the latter, and 
that to the former. 10. That sometimes introduces an ex- 
planation of something going before. — In that, a phrase 
denoting consequence, cause or reason ; that referring to 
the following sentence. 

THATCH, n. [Sax. thac] Straw or other substance used 
to cover the roofs of buildings, or stacks of hay or grain, 
for securing them from rain, &c. 

THATCH, V. t. To cover with straw, reeds or some similar 

THATCHED, pp. Covered with straw or thatch. 
THATCH'ER, n. One whose occupation is to thatch 

houses. 
THATCH'ING, ppr. Covering with straw or thatch. 
THATCH'ING, n. The act or art of covering buildings 

witli thatch, so as to keep out water. 

?Htu-Si:?TO'G^€AL, I «• Exciting wonder. Burton. 

THAU'MA-TUR-GY, n. [Gr. Oavixa and epyov.] The act 
of'performing something wonderful. Warton. 

THAW, V. i. [Sax. thawan ; G. thauen.] 1. To melt, dis- 
solve or become fluid, as ice or snow. 2. To become so 
warm as to melt ice and snow. 

THAW, V. t. To melt ; to dissolve ; as ice, snow, hail or 
frozen earth. 

THAW, n. The melting of ice or snow ; the resolution of 
ice into the state of a fluid. 

THAWED, -pp. Melted, as ice or snow. 

THAWING, ppr. Dissolving ; resolving into a fluid ; lique- 
fying ; as any thing frozen. 

THE, an adjective, or definitive adjective. [Sax. the ; D. de.J 
1. This adjective is used as a definitive, that is, before 
nouns which are specific or understood ; or it is used to 
limit their signification to a specific thing or things, or to 
describe them ; as, the laws of the twelve tables. — 2. The 
is also used rhetorically before a noun in the singular num- 
ber, to denote a species by way of distinction ; a single 
thing representing the whole ; as, the fig-tree puttetii 
forth her green figs.— 3. In poetry, the sometimes loses 
the final vowel before another vowel.— 4. The is used 



* Sec Synapsis. M5VE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH a.s SH ; TH as in this, f Obsclete 



THE 



834 



THE 



before adjectives in the comparative and superlative de- 
gree. 

THe'AII-€HY, 71. [Gr. Oeos and apx^-] Government by 
God ; more commonly called theocracy. 

THe'A-TiNE, ?i. One of an order of nuns conforming to tbe 
ru^es of the Theatins. 

THe^A-TINS, n. An order of regular priests in Naples. 

fTHE'A-TRAL, a. Belonging to a theatre. 

THe'A-TRE, I n. [Fr. theatre ; L. theatrum ; Gr. deaTpov.'] 

THe'A-TER, \ 1. Among the ancients, an edifice in 
vp^hich spectacles or shows v/ere exhibited for the amuse- 
ment of spectators. — 2. In modern times, a house for tlie 
exhibition of dramatic periormances, as tragedies, come- 
dies and farces ; a play-house. — 3. Among the Italians, 

' an assemblage of buildings, which, by a happy disposition 
and elevation, represents an agreeable scene to the eye. 
4. A place rising by steps or gradations like the seats of a 
theatre. 5. A place of action or exhibition. 6. A build- 
ing for the exhibition of scholastic exercises, as at Oxford, 
or for other exhibitions. 

THE-AT'Rie, / a. Pertainhig to a theatre or to scenic 

THE-AT'RI-€AL, ^ representations ; resembling the man- 
ner of dramatic performers. 

THE-AT'RI-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of actors on the 
stage ; in a manner suiting the stage. 

THEAVE, or THAVE, n. An ewe of the first year. [Lo- 
cal.] 

THEE, pron. obj. case of thou. 

t THEE, V. i. [Goth, thihan ; Sax. thea?i.] To thrive ; to 
prosper. Chaucer. 

THEFT, ?i. [Sax. thyfthe.] 1. The act of stealing.— In Zajc, 
the private, unlawful , felonious taking of another person's 
goods or movables, with an intent to steal them. 2. The 
thing stolen. Ex. xxii. 

THEFT-BOTE, n. [theft, and Sax. bote.] In lata, the re- 
ceiving of a man's goods again from a thief. 

THEIR, a. pronom. [Sax. Mora ; Ice. tkeirra.] I. Their 
has the sense of a pronominal adjective, denoting of them, 
or the possession of two or more. — 2. Theirs is used as a 
substitute for the adjective and the noun to which it re- 
fers, and in this case it may be the nominative to a 
verb. 

TIlE'ISJM, n. [from Gr. 0£Of.] The belief or acknowledg- 
ment of the existence of a God, as opposed to atheism. 

THe'IST, n. One v;ho believes in the existence of a God. 

THE-IS'TI€, ) a. Pertaining to theism, or to a theist ; 

THE-IS'TI-€AL, S according to the doctrine of theists. 

THEM, pron.; the objective case of they, and of both gen- 
ders. 

THEME, n. [L. thema : Gr. Beij.a.] 1. A subject or topic 
on wjiich a person writes or speaks. 2. A short disserta- 
tion composed by a student. — 3. In grammar, a radical 
verb, or the verb in its primary absolute sense, not modi- 
fied by inflections. — 4. In ?nusic, a series of notes selected 
as the text or subject of a new composition. 

THEM-SELVES', a compound of them and selves, and 
added to they bv way of emphasis or pointed distinction. 

THEN, adv. [Goth., Sax. thanne ; G. dunn ,' D. dan.] ]. At 
that time, referring to a time specified, either past or fu- 
ture. 2. Afterward ; soon afterward, or immediatelj'. 3. 
In that case ; in consequence. Gal. iii. 4. Therefore ; 
for this reason. 5. At anotlier time. 6. That time. 3Iil~ 
ton. 

THENCE, (thens) adv. [Sax. thanan, thanon ; G. dannen.] 
1. From that place. 2. From that time. 3. For that 
reason. 

THENCE'FoRTH, (thens'forth) ado. [thence and forth.] 
From that time. 

THENCE-FOR'WARD, ado. [thence and forward.] From 
that time onward. Kettleioell. 

tTHENCE'FROM, adv. From that place. 

TilE-Oe'RA-CY, n. [Fr. theocracie ; It. teocrazia ; Sp. te- 
ocracia ; Gr. Osog and Kparog.] Government of a state by 
the immediate direction of God ; or the state thus gov- 
erned. 

THE-0-eRAT'I€, ) a. Pertaining to a theocracy ; ad- 

THE-O-GRAT'I-CAL, S ministered by the immediate di- 
rection of God. 

THE-OD'I-CY, n. [Gr. Bso;, and L, dico.] The science of 
God ; metaphysical theolosy. Leibnitz. 

THE-OD'O-LITE, n. An instrument for taking the heights 
and distances of objects, or for measuring horizontal and 
vertical angles in la!id-3urveymg. 

THE-OG'O-NY, n. [Fr. theogonie : Gr. Oeoyovia.] In my- 
thology, the generation of the gods ; or that branch of 
heathen theology which taught the genealogy of their de- 
ities. 
rHE-OL'O-GAS-TER, n. A kind of quack in divinity. 
rHE-0-Lo'6l-AN, 7t. A divine ; a person well versed in 

theologv, or a professor of divinity. Milton. 
THE-0-L,06'I€, ) a. Pertaining to divinity, or the 

THE-0-L06'I-€AL, \ science of God and of divine 
things. 



THE-0-L06'I-€AL-LY, adv. According to the principlea 
of theology. 

THE-OL'O-GIST, n. A divine ; one studious in the science 
of divinity, or one well versed in that science. 

THE-OL'0-GlZE, v. t. 1. To render theological. 2. v. i 
To frame a system of theology 5 [I. m.] 

THE-OL'0-GlZ-ER, n. A divine, or a professor of theology 
[UnusiLal.] Boyle. 

THe'O-LOGUE, for theologist. [Little used.] 

THE-OL'0-GY, n. [Fr. theologie ; It., Sp. teologia ; Gr. 
d£o\oyia.] Divinity ; the science of God and divine 
things ; or the science which teaches the existence, char- 
acter and attributes of God, his laws and government, 
the doctrines we are to believe, and the duties we are to 
practice. 

THE-0M'A-€HIST, n. [Gr. Oeog and fiaxv-] One who 
fights against the gods. Bailey. 

THE-OM'A-€HY, 71. 1. A fighting against the gods. 2. 
Opposition to the divine will. 

THE-OP'A-THY, n. [Gr. decs and 7ra0o?.] Religious suf- 
fering ; suffering for the purpose of subduing sinful pro 
pensities. Q^uaj-t. Review. 

THE-OR'BO, n. [It. tiorba ; Fr. tuorbe, or teorbe.] A musi- 
cal instrument made like a large lute, except that it has 
two necks or juga. 

THe'0-REM, 71. [Fr. theoreme ; Sp., It. teorcTna ; Gr. 
9£(i)prjjia.] I. In mathematics, a proposition which termi- 
nates in theory, and which considers the properties of 
things already made or done. — 2. In algebra or analysis, 
it is sometimes used to denote a rule, particularly when 
that rule is expressed by symbols. 

THE-0-RE-MAT'I€, ) a. Pertaining to a theorem ; com- 

THE-0-RE-MAT'I-€AL, > prised in a theorem 3 consist- 

THE-0-REM'I€, > ing of theorems. 

THE-O-RET'ie, ) a. [Gr. deoipvTiKog. See Theory.] 

THE-0-RET'I-€AL, ) Pertaining to theory ; depending 
on theory or speculation ; speculative ; terminatmg in 
theory or speculation ; not practical. 

THE-0-RET'I-€AL-LY, adv. In or by theory ; in specu- 
lation ; speculatively ; not practically 

THe'0-RI€, n. Speculation. Shak. 

t THE-OR re, for theoretic. See Theoretic. 

THe'O-RIST, n. One who forms theories j one given to 
theory and speculation. Addison. 

THii'0-RlZE, V. i. To form a theory or theories ; to specu 
late. 

THe'O-RY, 71. [Fr. theorie ; It. teoria ; L. theoria ; Gr 
Oeupia.] 1. Speculation ; a doctrine or scheme of things, 
which terminates in speculation or contemplation, with- 
out a view to practice. 2. An exposition of the general 
principles of any science. 3. The science distinguished 
from the art. 4. The philosophical explanation of phe- 
nomena, either physical or moral. — Theory is distinguish- 
ed from hypothesis thus ; a theory is founded on inferences 
drawn from principles which have been established on in- 
dependent evidence ; a hypothesis is a proposition assum- 
ed to account for certain phenomena, and has no other 
evidence of its truth, than that it affords a satisfactory ex- 
planation of those phenomena. D. Olmsted. 

THE-0-S0PH'I€, } a. Pertaining to Iheosophism or to 

THE-0-S0PH'I-€AL, S theosoplfists ; divinely wise. 

THE-OS'O-PHiSM, 7j. [Gr. 0fos and o-o^j(r/xa.] Pretension 
to divine illumination ; enthusiasm. 

THE-OS'O-PIilST, n. One who pretends to divine illumi- 
nation ; one who pretends to derive his knowledge from 
divine revelation. 

THE-OS'O-PIIY, n. 1. Divine wisdom ; godliness. Ed. En- 
cyc. 2. Knowledge of God. Good. 

THER-A-PEu'TI€, a. [Gr. Oepa-nevriKos.] Curative 5 that 
pertains to the healing art. Watts. 

THER-A-PEU'TI€S, n. 1. That part of medicine which 
respects the discovery and application of remedies for dis- 
eases. 2. A religious sect described foy Philo. They were 
devotees to religion. 

THERE, adv. [Sax. thmr ; Goth, thar ; D. daar ,• Sw. dai- , 
Dan. der.] 1. In that place. 2. It is sometimes opposed 

• to here ; there denoting the place most distant.— 3. Here 
and there, in one place and another. 4. It is som.etimes 
used by way of exclamation, calling the attention to some- 
thing distant. — 5. There is used to begin sentences, or be- 
fore a verb ; sometimes perthiently, and sometimes with- 
out signification ; but its use is so firmly established that 
it cannot be dispensed with.— 6. In composition, there has 
the sense of a pronoun, as in Saxon; as, thereby, which 
signifies by that. 

THERE-A-BOUT', \ adv. [there and about.] 1. Near 

THERE-A-BOUTS', ] that place. Shak. 2. Nearly ; 
near that number, degree or quantity. 3. Concerning 
that ; [I. u.] 

THERE-AF'TER, adv. [there and after.] 1- According to 
that ; accordingly. 2. After that. 



* See Synopsis A, E, I, O, -?, long.—FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY •,— PIN, MARtNE, BtRD-;— t Obsolete 



THl 



835 



THI 



THERIi-A'l', adv. [there ani at.] 1. At tbat place. 2 At 
that ; at that thing or event ; on that account. 

THERE-BY', adv. [there and Mj.] By that ; by that means 3 
in consequence of that. 

THERE-FOR', adv. [there and for.] For that or this, or it. 

*THERE'FORE, (ther (ore) adv. [there and for.] 1. For 
that ; for that or this reason, referring to something previ- 
ously stated. 2. Consequently. 3. In return or recom- 
pense for this or that. 

THERE-FROM', adv. [there and from.] From this or that. 

THERE-TN', adv. [there and in.] In that or this place, time 
or thing. 

THERE-IN-TO', adv. [there and into.l Into that. Bacon. 

TIIERE-OF', adv. [there and of.] Of tliat or this. 

THERE-OX', adv. [there and on.] On that or this. 

fHERE-OUT', adv. [there and out.] Out of that or this. 

THERE-TC5', or THERE-UN-Tc3', adv [there and to or un- 
to.] To that or this. 

THERE-Ux\'DER, adv. Under that or this. 

THERE-UP-ON', adv. [there and upon.] 1. Upon that or 
this. 2. In consequence of that. 3. Immediately. 

t THERE-WHILE', adv. At the same time. 

THERE-WITH', adv. [there and with.] With tliat or this. 

t THERE WITH-AL', adv. [there and withal.] 1. Over 
and above. 2. At the same time. 3. With that, 

"" The foregoing compounds 0/ there icith the prepositions, are, 
for the most part, deemed ineleo-ant and obsolete.] 

tTHERF'-BREAD, (therf'bred) n. [Sax. th<Erf, theorf.] 
Unleavened bread. Wicliffe. 

THe'RI-A€, n. [li. theriaca ; Gr.drjpLan].] j9nciently, used 
for a remedj^ against poison ; aftm-wards, for a kind of trea- 
cle. 

THE'RI-A€, ) a. Pertaining totheriac; medicinal. Ba- 

THE-RI'A-€AL, \ con. 

THER'MAL, a. [L. thermce.] Pertaining to heat ; warm. 

THER'MO-LAMP, n. [Gr. QsofJiOi, and lamp.] An instru- 
ment for furnishing light by means of inflammable gas. 

THER-MOME-TER, n. [Gr. Bepiios and /xerpov.] An in- 
strument for measairing heat. 

THER-MO-MET'RI-€AL, a. 1. Pertaining to a thermome- 
ter. 2. Made by a thermometer. 

THER-MO-METRI-CAL-LY, adv. By means of a ther- 
mometer. 

THER'MO-S€OPE, n. [Gr. Bipiiv and cKor.eu).] An instru- 
ment showing the temperature of the air, or the degree of 
heat and cold. 

THESE, pron. ; plu. of this, and used as an adjective or 
substitute. These is opposed to those, as this is to that, 
and when two persons or things, or collection of things, are 
named, these refers to the ti&ings or persons which are 
nearest in place or order, or which are last mentioned. 

THe'SIS, n. [L. thesis ; Gr. deai?.] 1. A position or prop- 
osition which a person advances and offers to maintain, 
or which is actually maintained by argument ; a theme ; 
a subject. — 2. In log-ic, every proposition may be divided 
into thesis and hypothesis. Thesis contains the thing af- 
firmed or denied"^, and hypothesis the conditions of the af- 
firmation or negation. 

THES'MO-THeTE, n. [Gr. 6£(Tuo9£TT]g.] A lawgiver. 

THET'I-€AL, a. [Gr. Oetikos.] Laid down. More. 

THE-UR'6ie, } a. Pertaining to the power of perform- 

THE-UR'GI-€AL, ) ing supernatural things. 

THe'UR-GIST, n. One who pretends to or is addicted to 
theurgy. Hallywell. 

THe'UR-GY, 71. [Gr. dzovpyia.] The art of doing things 
which it is the peculiar province of God to do 3 or the 
power or act of performing supernatural things by invok- 
ing the names of God or of subordinate agents ; magic. 

jTHEW, n. [Sax. theaic ^ Gr. eQog.] 1. Manner; cus- 
tom; habit; form of behavior. Spenser. 2. Brawn. Shak. 

t THEWED, a. Accustomed ; educated. Spenser. 

THEY, pron. plu.; objective case, them. [Sax. thmge ; Goth. 
thai, thaim.] 1. The men, the women, the animals, the 
things. It is never used adjectively, but always as a pro- 
noun refen-in| to persons, or as a substitute referring to 
things. 2. It is used indefinitely, as our ancestors used 
man, and as the French use on. They say, [on dit,] that 
isj it is said by persons, indefinitely. 

THi'BLE, ft. A slice ; a skimmer; a spatula. [JVoi in use, 
or local.] Ainsworth. 

THICK, a. [Sax. tide, thicca ; G. dick, dicht : D. dik, digt.] 
1. Dense ; not thin. 2. Inspissated. 3. Turbid ; mud- 
dy ; feculent ; not clear. 4. Noting the diameter of a 
body. 5. Having more depth or extent from one surface 
to its opposite than usual. 6. Close ; crowded with trees 
or other objects. 7. Frequent ; following each other in 
quick succession 8. Set with things close to each other ; 
not easily pervious. 9. Not having due distinction of 
syllables or good articulation, 10. Dull ; somewhat deaf. 

THICK, n. 1. The thickest part, or the time when any 
thing is thickest. 2. A thicket ; [obs.]— Thick and thin, 
Whatever is in the way. 



THICK, adv. 1, Frequently; fast. 2. Closely. 3. lo 
a great depth, or to a thicker depth than usual.— TAici 
and threefold, in quick succession, or in great nuin*>ftrs ; 

[0*5.] 

flHlCK, v.i. To become thick or dense. Spenser. 

THICK'EN, (thik'n) v. t. [Sax. thiccian.] 1 To make 
thick or dense. 2. To make close ; to fill up interstices. 
3. To make concrete ; to inspissate. 4. To strengthen ; 
to confirm ; [obs.] 5. To make frequent, or more fre- 
quent. 6. To make close, or more close ; to make more 
numerous. 

THICK'EN, (thik'n) v. i. 1. To become thick or mere thick ; 
to become dense. 2. To become darker obscure. 3. To 
concrete ; to be consolidated. 4. To be inspissated. 5. 
To become close, or more close or numerous. 6, To be 
come quick and animated, 7 To become more numer 
ous ; to press ; to be crowded. 

THICK'ENED, pp. Made dense, or more dense ; made 
more close or compact ; made more frequent ; inspis- 
sated. 

THICK'EN-ING, ppr. Making dense or more dense, more 
close or more frequent ; inspissating, 

THICK'EN-ING, n. Something put into a liquid or mass to 
make it more thick. 

THICK'ET, n. A wood or collection of trees or shrubs 

CloSClv S6t 

THICK'HE AD-ED, a. Having a thick skull ; dull ; stu- 
' pid, 

THICK'ISH, a. Somewhat thick. 

THICK'LY, adv. 1. Deeply ; to a great depth. 2. Closely 3 
compactly. 3. In quick succession. 

THICK'NESS, n. 1. The state of being thick 3 denseness 3 
density. 2. The state of being concrete or inspissated 5 
consistence ; spissitude. 3. The extent of a body from 
side to side, or from surface to surface. 4. Closeness of 
the parts ; the state of being crowded or near. 5. The 
state of being close, dense or impervious. 6. Dullnes.s 
of the sense of hearing ; want of quickness or acuteness. 

THICK-SET, a. [thick and set.] 1. Close-planted. 2. 
Having a short, thick body. 

THICK'SKULL, n. [thick and sk^ilL] Dullness 3 or a duL 
person ; a blockhead. Entickt 

THICK'SKULLED, a. Dull 3 heavy 3 stupid 3 slow to 
learn. 

THICK'SKIN, n. [thick and skin.] A coarse, gross person 5 
a blockhead. Entick. 

THICK'SPRUNG, a. [thick and sprung.] Sprung up close 
together. Entick. Shak. 

TIIIeF, 71.,- plu. Thieves (theevz). [Sax. theof; Sw. tiuf; 
D. dief] 1. A person guilty of theft 5 one who secretly, 
unlawfully and feloniously takes the goods or personal 
property of another. 2. One who takes the property of 
another wrongfully, either secretly or by violence. Job 
XXX. 3. One who" seduces by false doctrine. John x. 4 
One who makes it his business to cheat and defraud. 
Matt. xxi. 5, An excrescence in the snuff of a candle. 

THIeF'-CATCH-ER, 71. One who catches thieves. 

THIeF'-LeAD-ER, 7!. [thief and lead.] One who leads or 
ta k^s a thjef. [Mot much used.] 

THIeF'-TaK-ER, 71. One whose business is to find and 
tak^ thieves and bring them to justice. 

THIeVE, v. i. To steal ; to practice theft. 

THIeV'ER-Y, n. 1. The practice of stealing ; theft. South 
2. That which is stolen. Shak. 

THIEVISH, a. 1. Given to stealing ; addicted to the prac- 
tice of theft. 2. Secret ; sly ; acting by stealth. 3. Par- 
takjng of the nature of theft. 

THIeY'ISH-LY, adv. In a thievish manner; by theft. 

THIeV'ISH-NESS, n. 1. The disposition to steal. 2. The 
practice or habit of stealing. 

THiGH, (till) n. [Sax.thegh, thco,ortheoh; D. dye.] Thatpart 
of men , quadrupeds and fowls, which is between the leg 
and the trunk. 

fTHILK, p?-07!. [Sax. thilc] The same. Spenser. 

THILL, n. [Sax. thil, or thill.] The shaft of a cart, gig or 
other carriage. 

THILL'ER, ) n. The horse which goes between the 

THILL'-HORSE, \ thills or shafts, and supports them.— 
In a team, the last horse. 

THIM'BLE, n. 1. A kind of cap or cover for the finger, 
usually made of metal, used by tailors and seamstresses 
for driving the needle through cloth. — 2. In sea lan- 
guage, an iron ring with a hollow or groove round its 
whole circumference, to receive the rope which is spliced 
about it. 

THIME, SeeTHTME, 

THIN, a. [Sax, thinn, thynn ; G. dvnn ; D. dun ; Sw, tunn.\ 
1, Having Ifttle thickness or extent from one surface to 
the opposite, 2. Rare ; not dense ; applied to fluids or tc 
soft mittures. 3. Not close ; not crowded ; not filling the 
space ; not having the individuals that compose the thing 
in a close or compact state. 4. Not full or well grown 5. 
Slim ; small ; slender ; lean. 6. Exile ; small; line . not 
full. 7. Not thick or close; of a loose texture not iro- 



See Syncqms MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE — € as K ; 6 as J 3 S as Z 5 CH as SH 3 TH as in this. \ Obsolete 



Tin 



836 



THO 



pervious to the sight. 8. Not crowded or well-stocked ; 
not abounding. 9. Slight 5 not sufficient for a covering. 

THIN, adv. Not thickly or closely ; in a scattered state. 

THIN, V. t. [Sax. thinnian.] 1. To make thin ; to make 
rare or less thick ; to attenuate 2. To make less close, 
crowded or numerous. 3. To attenuate ; to rarefy ; to 
make less dense 

THINE, pronominal adj. [Goth, theins, theiva j Sax. tJiin ; 
G. dein ; Fr tien.] Thy ; belonging to thee ; relating to 
thee ; being the property of thee. The principal use of 
thine, now, is when a verb is interposed between this word 
and the noun to which it refers ; as, I will not take any 
thing that is timie. 

THING, n ^Sax. thing ; G. ding ; D. di7ig ; Sw. ting ; Dan. 
ting. ] I An event or action ; that which happens or 
falls out, or that which is done, told or proposed. 2. Any 
substance ; that which is created ; any particular article 
or commodity. 3. An animal. 4. A portion or part ; 
something. 5. In contempt. 6. Used of persons in con- 
tempt. 7. Used in a sense of honor. 

THINK, •J7. i.; pret. and pp. thought, (thawt). [Sax.thincan, 
th,incan ; Goth, thagkyan ; Sw. tycka and tmnka ; Dan. 
tykker and tanker ; D. denken.] 1. To have the mind oc- 
cupied on some subject ; to have ideas, or to revolve ideas 
in the mind. 2. To judge ; to conclude ; to hold as a set- 
tled opinion. 3. To intend. 4. To imagine ; to suppose ; 
to fancy. 5. To muse ; to meditate. 6. To reflect ; to 
recollect or call to mind. 7. To consider ; to deliberate. 
8. To presume. 9. To believe ; to esteem. — To think on, 
otwpon. 1. To muse on; to meditate on. 2. To light 
on by meditation. 3. To remember with favor. — To think 
of, to have ideas come into the mind. — To think well of, 
to hold in esteem ; to esteem. 

THINK, V. t. 1. To conceive ; to imagine. 2. To believe ; 
to consider ; to esteem. 3. To seem or appear, as in the 
phrases me thinketk or methinks, and methought, — To 
think much, to grudge. — To think much of, to hold in high 
esteem. — To think scorn, to disdain. Esth. iii.' 

THINK ER, n. One v/ho tliinks ; but chiefly, one who 
thinks in a particular manner. Sioift. 

THINK'ING, ppr. 1. Having ideas ; supposing ; judging ; 
imagining ; intending ; meditating. 2. a. Having the 
faculty of thought ; cogitative ; capable of a regular train 
of ideas. 

THINK'ING, n. Imagination; cogitation ; judgment. 

THIN'LY, adv. [from thin.'] In a loose, scattered manner ; 
not thickly. 

THIN'NESS, n. 1, The state of being thin ; smallness of 
extent from one side or surface to the opposite. 2. Tenu- 
ity ; rareness. 3. A state approaching to fluidity, or even 
fluidity ; opposed to s pis aitude. 4. Exility. 5. Hareness ; 
a scattered state ; paucity. 

THIRD, a. [Sax. thridda ; Goth, thridya ; G. dritte ,- D. 
derde.\ The first after the second ; the ordinal of tliree. 

THIRD, n. 1. The third part of any thing. 2. The six- 
tieth part of a second of time. — 3. In music, an interval 
containing three diatonic sounds. 

THiRD'BoR-OUGH, (thurd'bur-ro) n. [third and borough.] 
An under constable. Johnson. 

THiRD'INGS, n. The third year of the corn or grain grow- 
ing on the ground at the tenant's death, due to the lord 
for a heriot, within the manor of Turfat, in Hereford- 
shire. 

THiRD'LY, adv. In the third place. Bacon. 

THIRDS, n. plu. The third part of the estate of a deceased 
husband, which by law the widow is entitled to enjoy 
during her life. JSTew England. 

THiRL, V. t. [Sax. thlrlian.] To bore ; to perforate. It is 
now written drill arid thrill. [See these words.] 

THiRL'A6E, 71. In English customs, the right which the 
owner of a mill possesses, by contract or law, to compel 
the tenants of a certain district to bring all their grain to 
his mill for grinding. 

THIRST, 71. [Sax. thurst, thyrst: G durst ; D. dmst; Sw. 
torst ; Dan. tHrst.] 1. A painful sensation of the throat or 
fauces, occasioned by the want of drink. 2. A vehement 
desire of drink. Ps. civ. 3. A want and eage? desire 
after any thing. 4. Dryness ; drought. 

THIRST, V. i. [Sax. thyrstan ; D, dorsten ; G. dursten ; Sw. 
torsta . Dan torster.j 1. To experience a painful sensa- 
tion of the throat or fauces for want of drink. 2. To have 
a vehement desire for any thing. 

THIRST, V. t. To want to drink ; as, to thirst blood. [JVot 
English.] 'Prior. 

THiRST'I-NESS, n. [from thirsty.] The state of being 
thi'uty; thirst. Wotton. 

THiRST'ING, iJipr. Feeling pain for want of drink. 

THiRST'Y, a. 1. Feeling a painful sensation of the throat 
or fauces for want of drink. 2. Very dry ; having no 
moisture ; parched. 3. Having a vehement desire of any 
thing. 

THiR'TEEN, a. [Sax. thrcottyne ; three and ten.] Ten and 
three. 



THIR'TEENTH, a The third after the tenth ; the ordinal 
of thirteen. 

THiR'TEENTH, n. In music, an interval forming the oc- 
tave of the sixth, or sixth of the octave. Busby. 

THiR'TI-ETH, a. [from thiHy ; Sax. ihrittigotha.] The 
tenth threefold ; the ordinal of thirty. 

THiR'TY, a. [Sax. thrittig ; G. dreissig ; D. dertig.] Thrice 
ten ; or twenty and ten. 

THIS, definitive adjective or substitute : plu. These. [Sax. 
this ; Dan. plu. disse ; Sw. dessa, desse ; G. das, dessen ; 
D. deeze, dit.] 1. This is a definitive, or definitive adjec- 
tive, denoting something that is present or near in place 
or time, or something just mentioned. — 2. By this, is used 
elliptically for by this time. — 3. This is used with words 
denoting time past ; as, I have taken no snuff for this 
month. — 4. This is opposed to that. 5. When this and 
that refer to different things before expressed, this refers 
to the thing last mentioned, and that to the thing first 
mentioned. 6. It is sometimes opposed to other. 

THIS'TLE, (this'l) n. [Sax. thistel; G., D. distel ; Sw. tis 
tel.] The common name of numerous prickly plants of 
the class syngenesia, and several genera. 

THIS'TLY, (this*ly) a. Overgrown with thistles. 

THITHER, c<Zy. [^idiX. thider, thyder.] ]. To that place ; 
opposed to hither. 2. To that end or point. — Hither and 
thither, to this place and to that ; one way and another. 

t THITH'ER-TO, adv. To that end ; so far. 

THITH'ER-WARD, adv. Toward that place. 

THO. 1. A contraction of tAo?tg-A. [See Though.] 2. Tho, 
for Sax. tkonne, then ; [obs.] Spenser. 

THOLE,?*. [Sax. thai; Ir., Gaelic, dula.] 1. A pin inserted 
into the gunwale of a boat, to keep the oar in the row- 
lock, when used in rowing. 2. The pin or handle of a 
sythe-snath. 

t THOLE, v. t. [Sax. tholian ; Goth, thulan ; G., D. dulden.] 
To bear ; to endure ; to undergo. Oower. , 

THOLE, V. i. To wait. [Local.] 

THOLE, n. [L. tholus.] The roof of a temple. [JSTot used, 
or local.] 

THg'MA-iSM, ) n. The doctrine of St. Thomas Aquinas 

THo'MISM, \ with respect to predestination and grace 

THo'MIST, 71. A follower of Thomas Aquinas, in opposi 
tion to the Scotists. 

THOM'SON-ITE, n. A mineral of the zeolite family. 

THONG, 72. [Sax. thwang.] A strap of leather, used for 
fastening any thing. Dryden. 

THO-RAC'I€, a. [L. thorax.] Pertaining to the breast. 

THO-RAC'I€S, n. plu. In ichthyology, an order of bonj 
fishes, respiring by means of gills only. 

THo'RAL, a. [L. thorus.] Pertaining to a bed. 

THo'RAX, n. [L.] In anatomy, that part of the human 
skeleton which consists of the bones of the chest ; also, 
the cavity of the chest. Cyc. 

THO-Rl'NA, n. An earth resembling zirconia 

THORN, n. [Sax. thorn ; G. dorn ; D. doom ; Dan. torne J 
1. A tree or shrub armed with spines or sharp ligneous 
shoots. 2. A sharp, ligneous or woody shoot from the 
stem of a tree or shrub ; a sharp process from the woody 
part of a plant ; a spine. 3. Any thing troublesome. — 4. 
In Scripture, great difficulties and impediments. 5. World- 
ly cares ; things which prevent the growth of good prin- 
ciples. Matt. xiu. 

THORN'-AP-PLE, n. [thorn and apple.] A plant of the 
genus datura ; a popular name of the datura stramonium, 
or apple of Peru. Bigelow. 

TKOE.N'-BA€K, n. [thorn and back.] A fish of the ray 
kind, which has prickles on its back. 

THORN'-BUSH, n. A shrub that produces thorns. 

THORN'-BtJT, 7!. A fish, a but or turbot. Mnsworth. 

THORN'-HEDGE, n. [thorn and hedge.] A hedge or fence 
consisting of thorn. 

THORN'LESS, a. Destitute of thorns. 

THORN'Y, a. 1. Full of thorns or spines ; rough with 
thorns. 2. Troublesome ; vexatious ; harassing ; perplex- 
ing. 3. Sharp ; pricking ; vexatious. 

THORN'Y REST'HAR-ROW, n. A plant. Cyc. 

TH0RN'Y-TR3i:'F0IL, 71. A plant of the genus fagonia 

THoR'OUGH, (thur'ro) a. [Sax. thurh ; G. durch ; D. door _ 
]. Literally, -passing through or to the end; hence, com" 
plete ; perfect. 2. Passing through. 

t THoR'OUGH, (thur'ro) prep. 1. From side to side, or from 
end to end. 2. By means of; see Through. 

THoR'OUGH, (thur'ro) n. An inter-furrow between two 
ridges. Cyc. 

TH6R'0UGH-BASE, (thur'ro-base) n. In music, an accom- 
paniment to a continued base by figures. 

THoR'OUGH-BRED, (thur'ro-bred) a. [thorough and bred.] 
Completely taught or accomplished. 

THOR'OUGH-FARE, (thur'ro-fare) ti. [thorough anA fare.] 
1. A passage through ; a passage from one street or open- 
ing to another ; an unobstructed way. 2. Power of pass- 
ing. Milton. 

TH6R'0UGa-LY, (thur'ro-ly) adv. Fully; entirely; com- 
pletely. 



See Synovsis. A. E, t, O, U, Y, long.—Fk^, FALL, WHAT ;— FRgY ;— HN, fllABINE, BIRD j- t OMr.lf* 



THR 



837 



THR 



rHoROUGH-FACED, (thur'ro-p5st) a. [thorough and 
paced.] Perfect in what is undertaken j complete ; going 
all lengths. 

THOR'OUGH-SPED, (thur'ro-sped) a. [thorough and sped.} 
Fully accomplished ; thorough-paced. Swift. 

THoR'OUGH-STITCil, (thur'ro-stich) adv. Fully ; com- 
pletely ; going the whole length of any business. 

TH6R'OUGH-WAX, (thur'ro-wax) n. [thorough and wax.] 
A plant of the genus hitpleiLrum. Lee. 

THoR'OUGII-WoRT, (thur ro-wurt) n. The popular name 
of a plant, the eupatoritim perfoUatum. 

THORP. [Sax. thorpe ; D. dorp ; G. dorf ; Sw., Dan. torp ; 
W. trev ; Gaelic, Ir. treabh ; L. tribus.] The word, in 
Welsh, signifies a dwelling-place, a homestead, a hamlet, 
a town. In our language, it occurs now only in names of 
places and persons. 

THOS, 71. An animal of the wolf kind Cijc. 

THOSE, pron ; plu. of That ; as, those men. See These. 

THOU, pron. ; in the obj. thee. [Sax. thu ; G., Sw., Dan. da ; 
L., Fr., It., Sp., Port, tu.]. The second personal pronoun, 
in the singular number j the pronoun which is used in 
addressing persons in the solemn style. — Thou, is used 
only in the solemn style, unless in very familiar language, 
and by the Cluakers. 

THOU, V. t. To treat with familiarity. Shak. 

THOU, V. i. To use thou and thee in discourse. 

THOUGH, (tho) V. i. [Sax. theah ; Goth, thanh ; G. doch ; 
Sw. dock ; D., Bmn-d^og. This is the imperative of a verb ; 
commonly, but not correctly, classed among conjunctions.] 

1. Grant J admit ; allow. 2 Used with as. 3. It is used 
in familiar language, at the end of a sentence. 4. It is 
compounded with all, in although, which see. 

THOUGHT, ;wet. axi&pp. of think; pronounced thaict. 

THOUGHT, (thawt) n. [primarily the passive participle of 
think; Sax. theaht.] 1. Properly, that which the mind 
thinks. Thought is either thn act or operation of the 
mind, when attending to a particular subject or thing, 
or it is the idea consequent on that operation. 2. Idea; 
conception. 3. Fancy; conceit; something framed by 
the imagination. 4. Reflection ; particular consideration. 
5. Opinion : judgment. 6. Meditation ; serious consider- 
ation. 7. Design ; purpose. 8. Silent contemplation. 9. 
Solicitude ; care ; concern. 10. Inward reasoning ; the 
workings of conscience. 11. A small degree or quanti- 
ty; [obs.] — To take thought, to be solicitous or anxious. 
Matt. vi. 

THOUGHT'FIJL, (thawt'ful) a. 1. Full of thought; con- 
templative ; employed in meditation. 2. Attentive ; care- 
ful ; having the mind directed to an object. 3. Promoting 
serious thought ; favorable to musing or meditation. 4. 
Anxious ; solicitous. 

THOUGHT'FUL-LY, ado. With thought or consideration ; 
with solicitude. 

THOUGHT'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Deep meditation. 2. Seri- 
ous attention to spiritual concerns. 3. Anxiety ; sohci- 
tude. 

THOUGHT'LESS, a. 1. Heedless ; careless ; negligent. 

2. Gay ; dissipated. 3. Stupid ; dull. 
THOUGHT'LESS-LY, adv. Without thought ; carelessly ; 

stupidly. Garth. 

THOUGHT'LESS-NESS, n. Want of thought ; heedless- 
ness ; carelessness ; inattentien. 

THOUGHT'SICK, a. Uneasy with reflection. 

THOU'SAND, a. [Sax. thusend ; Goth, thusund ; G. tau- 
send.] 1. Denoting the number of ten hundred. — 2. Pro- 
verbially, denoting a great number indefinitely. 

THOU'SAND, n. The number often hundred. 

THOU'SANDTH, a. The ordinal of thousand. 

THOU'SANDTH, n. The thousandth part of any thing. 

THoWL. See Thole. 

+ THRAGK, V. t. To load or burden. South. 

THRALL, n. [Sax. thrall; I>a.n. trail ; Sw. tral.] 1. A 
slave. 2. Slavery ; [obs.] 

t THRALL, ?'. (. To enslave. [Enthrall is in use.] 

THRALL'DOM, n. [Dan. traUom.] Slavery ; bondage ; a 
state of servitude. 

THRAP'PLE, n. The windpipe of an animal. [J^ot an 
English word.] Scott. 

THRASH, V. t. [Sax. tkarscan, or therscan ; G. dreschen , 
Ti.dcrschen. It is wxiXXen thrash ov thresh.] 1. To beat 
out grain from the husk or pericarp with a flail. 2. To 
beat corn off" from the cob or spike. 3. To beat soundly 
with a stick or whip ; to drub. 

THRASH, V. i. 1. To practice thrashing; to perform the 
business of thrashing. 2. To labor ; to drudge. 

THRASHED, pp. 1 . ^Beaten out of the husk or off the ear. 
2. Freed from the grain by beating. 

THRASH'ER, n. One who thrashes grain. 

THRASHING, ppr. Beating out of the husk or off the ear ; 
beating soundly with a stick or whip. 

THRASH'ING, n. The act of beating out grain with a flail ; 
a sound drubbing. 

THRASH'ING-FLoOR, n. [thrash and floor.] A floor or 
area on which grain is beaten out. 



THRA-SON'I-€AL, a. [from Thrasc] 1. Boasting ; given 
to bragging. 2. Boastful; implying ostentatious dis- 
play. 

THRA-SON'I-€AL-LY, a<Zw. Boastfully. Johnson 

t THRAVE, n. [Sax. draf.] A drove ; a herd. 

t THRAVE, n. [W. dreva.] The number of two dozen. 

THREAD, ) n. [Sax. thred, thrced ; J), draad.] 1. Avery 

THRED, ) small twist of flax, wool, cotton, sflk or other 
fibrous substance, drawn out to a considerable length. 2. 
The filament of a flower. 3. The filament of any fibrous 
substance, as of bark. 4. A fine filament or line of gold 
or silver. — 5. Air-threads, the fine white filaments which 
are seen floating in the air in summer, the production of 
spiders. 6. Something continued in a long course or ten- 
or. 7. The prominent spiral part of a screw. 

THREAD, (thred) v. t. 1. To pass a thread through the 
eye ; as, to thread a needle. 2. To pass or pierce through, 
as a narrow way or channel. 

THREAD BARE, a. [thread and bare.] 1. Worn to the 
naked thread ; having the nap worn off. 2. Worn out ; 
trite ; hackneyed ; used till it has lost its novelty or in- 
terest. 

THREAD'BARE-NESS, n. The state of being threadbare 
or trite. 

THREAD' EN, a. Made of thread. [Little used.] 

THREAD'-SHaPED, a. In botany, filiform. 

THREAD'Y, a. 1. Like thread or filaments ; slende . 
Granger. 2. Containing thread. 

THRKx^P, v. t. [Sax. threaplan, or rather threagan.] To 
chide, contend or argue. [Local.] Ainsworth. 

THREAT, (thret) n. [Sax. threat.] A menace ; denuncia- 
tion of ill ; declaration of an intention or determination to 
inflict punishment, loss or pain on another. 

THREAT, (thret) v. t. To threaten, which see.— Threat is 
used only in poetry. Dry den. 

THREAT'EN, (thret'tn) v. t. [Sax. threatian; D. dreigen 
G.droher..] 1. To declare the purpose of inflicting pun 
ishment, pain or other evil on another, for some sin or of- 
fense ; to menace. 2. To menace ; to terrify or attempt 
to terrify by menaces. 3. To charge or enjoin with men- 
ace or v/ith implied rebuke ; or to charge strictly. 4. To 
menace by action ; to present the appearance of coming 
evil. 5. To exhibit tlie appearance of something evil or 
unpleasant approaching. 

THREAT'EP^^ED, (thvet'tnd) pv. Menaced with evil. 

I'HREAT'EN-ER, (thret'tn-er) 71. One that threatens. 

THREAT'EN-ING, (thret'tn-ing) ppr. 1. Menacing; de 
nouncing evil. 2. a. Indicating a threat or menace. 3 
Indicating something impending. 

THREAT'EN-ING, m. The act of menacing ; a menace ; a 
denunciation of evil, or declaration of a purpose to inflict 
evil on a person or country, usually for sins and offenses. 

THREAT'EN-ING-LY, (thret'tn-iug-ly) adv. With a threat 
or menace ; in a threatening manner. 

THREAT'FUL, (thret'ful) a. Full of threats; having a 
menacing appearance ; minacious. Spenser. 

THREE, a. [Sax. threo, thri, tiiry, and thrig ; Sw., Dan. 
tre ; G. drei ; D. drle ; Fr. trois ; It. tre ; Sp., L. tres.] 1. 
Two and one. 2. It is often used, like other adjectives, 
without the noun to which it refers. — 3. Proverbially, a 
smah number ; [obs.] 

THREE'-€AP-SUI.ED, a. Tricapsular. 

THREE'-CELLED, a. Trilocular. 

THREE'-€LEFT, n. Trifid. 

THREE'-€OR-NERED, a. [three and corner.] 1. Having 
three corners or angles. — 2. Inbotavy, having three sides, 
or three prominent longitudinal angles, as a stem. 

THREE'-FLOW-ERED, a. [three and flower.] Bearing 
three flowers together. Martyn 

THREE'FoLD, a. [three &nA fold.] Three-double ; consist- 
ing of three. 

THREE'-GRaINED, a. Tricoccous. 

THREE'-LEAVED,a. [three a.nA leaf.] Consisting of thiee 
distinct leaflets. 

THREE'-LoBED, a. [three and lobe.] A three-lobed leaf is 
one that is divided to the middle into three parts, standing 
wide from each other and having convex margins. 

THREE'-NERVED, a. [three and nerve.] A three-nerved 
Zeo/ has three distinct vessels or nerves running longitu- 
dinally without branching. 

THREE'-PaRT-ED, a. [three and parted.] Tripartite. 

* THREE'-PENCE, (thrip'ence) n. [three and pence ] A 
small silver coin of three times the value of a penny. 

* THREE'-PEN-NY, (thrip'en-ny) a. Worth three-pence 
only ; mean. 

THREE'-PET-ALED, a. [three and petal.] Tripetalous , 
consisting of three distinct petals ; as a corol. 

THREE'-P'ILE, n. [three and pile.] An old name for good 
velvet. Shak. 

t THREE'-PiLED, a. Set with a thick pile. Shak. 

THREE'-POINT-ED, a. Tricuspidate. 

THREE'SCORE, a. Thrif>; twentv ; sixty. 

THREE'-SEED-ED, a. Contaming three seeds. 

THEEE'-SlD-ED, a. Having three plane sides. 



* Sf,e Sunopsui. M "^VE , BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as A ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH • TH as in this, t Obsolete 



THR 



838 



THR 



THREiU'-VALVED, a. Trivalvular ; consisting of three 
valves ; opening witli three valves. 

t THRENE, n. [Gr. d^nvog.] Lamentation, Shak. 

THREN'0-DY, n. [Gr. 0p?yvoff and w^??.] A song of lamen- 
tation. Herbert. 

THRESH, ■«.{. To thrash, [See Thrash.] The latter is the 
popular pronunciation, but the word is written thrash or 
thresh, indifferently. 

THRESH'ER, 71. The sea-f^x. Cyc. 

THRESH'OLD, ) n. [Sax. thmrsctoald ; G. thiirschwelle.] 

THRESH'HoLD, ] 1. The door-sill ; the plank, stone or 
piece of timber which lies at the bottom or under a door, 
particularly of a dwelling-house, churchj temple or the 
like ; hence, entrance 5 gate ; door, 2. Entrance ; tlie 
place or point of entering or beginning 

THREW, pret. of throw. 

THRICE, adv. [from three.'] 1. Three times. 2. Some- 
times used by way of amplification ; very. 

THRID, V. t. [W. treiziaw.] To slide through a narrow 
passage ; to slip, shoo* or run through, as a needle, bod- 
kin, or the like. 

t THRID, n. Thread. Spenser. 

THRIBiBEB, pp. Slid through 

THRID'DING, ppr. Sliding through ; causing to pass 
through. 

THRIFT, 71. [from thrive.] 1. Frugality ; good husbandry ; 
economical management in regard to property. 2. Pros- 
perity ; success and advance in the acquisition of proper- 
ty 5 increase of worldly goods; gain. 3. Vigorous growth, 
as of a plant. — 4. In botany, a plan of the genus statice. 

THRIFTT LY, adv. 1. Frugally ; with parsimony. 2. 
With increase of worldly goods. 

THRIFTT-NESS, n. 1. Frugality ; good husbandry. 2. 
Prosperity in business ; increase of property. 

THRIFT'LESS, a. Having no frugality or good manage- 
ment ; profuse ; extravagant ; not thriving. Shak. 

THRIFT'Y, a. 1. Frugal ; sparing ; Using economy and 
good management of property. — 2. More generally, thriv- 
ing by industry and frugality ; prosperous in the acquisi- 
tion of worldly goods ; increasing in wealth. 3. Thriv- 
ing ; growing rapidly or vigorously, as a plant. 4. Well 
husbanded. 

THRILL, n. [see the i)er6.] 1. A drill. 2. A warbling; 
[see Trill.] 3. A breathing place or hole. Herbert. 

THRILL, V. t. [Sax. thyrlian, thirlian; D. drillen, trillen ; 
G. drillen.] 1. To bore ; to drill ; to perforate by turning 
a gimblet or other similar instrument. 2. To pierce ; to 
penetrate, as something sharp. 

THRILL, V. i. 1. To pierce ; to penetrate, as something 
sharp ; particularly, to cause a tingling sensation that 
runs through the system with a slight shivering. 2. To 
feel a sharp, shivering sensation running through the 
body. 

THRILLED, pp. Penetrated ; pierced. 

THRILL'ING, ppr. 1 . Perforating ; drilling. 2. Piercing ; 
penetrating ; having the quality of penetrating. 3. Feel- 
ing a tingling, shivering sensation running through the 
system. 

t THRING, Vi t. To press, crowd or throng. Chaucer. 

THRIS'SA, n. A fish of the herring kind. 

THRIVE, V. i. ; pret. thrioed ; pp. thrived, or thriven. [Dan. 
trives ; Sw. trifvas.] 1. To prosper by industry, economy 
and good management of property ; to increase in goods 
and estate. 2. To prosper in any business ; to have in- 
crease or success. 3. To grow ; to increase in bulk or 
stature ; to flourish. 4. To grow ; to advance ; to increase 
or advance in any thing valuable. 

THRlV'ER, n. One that prospers in the acquisition of 
property. 

THRIVING, ppr. 1. Prospering in worldly goods. 2. a. 
Being prosperous or successful ; advancing in wealth ; in- 
creasing ; growing. 

'\ 'HRIV'ING-LY, adv. In a prosperous way. 

1 ^RlV'ING-NESS, or THRIVING, n. Prosperity ; growth ; 
acrease. 

THRO, a contraction of through, not now used. 

THRoAT, n. [Sax. throta, tJirute ; D. strote.] 1. The an- 
terior part of the neck of an animal, in which are the gul- 
let and windpipe, or the passages for the food and breath. 
— In medicine, the fauces. Cyc. — 2. In seamen's language, 
.,iat end of a gafF which is next the raast. — 3. In ship- 
building, the inside of tJie knee-timber at the middle or 
turns of the arms. 

THRoAT, v. t. To mow beans in a direction against their 
bending. [Lncal.] Cyc. 

THRoAT'-PIPE, n. The windpipe or weasand. 

THRoAT'-WoRT, n. [throat and wort.] A plant 

THRoAT'Y,ffi. Guttural. Howell. 

THROB, V. 2. [Gr. dopv(S£<o.] To beat, as the heart or pulse, 
with more than usual lorre or rapidity ; to beat in conse- 
quence of agitation ; to p>.lpitate. 

THROB, n. A beat or strong pulsation; a violent beating 
of the heart and arteries ; a palpitation. 



THROB'BING, ppr. Beating with unusual fiirce, as the 

heart and pulse ; palpitating. 
THROB'BING, n. The act of beating with unusual force, 

as the heart and pulse ; palpitation. 
THROD'DEN, v. i. To grow ; to thrive. [JYot in use, or lo- 

cal.J Grose. 
THRoE, 11. [Sax. throwian.] Extreme pain ; violent pang; 

anguish ; agony. It is particularly applied to the anguish 

of travail in child-birth. 
THRoE, V. i. To agonize ; to struggle in extreme pain. 
THRoE, V. t. To put in agony. Shak. 
THRONE, n. [L. thronus ; Gr. Gpovoj ,• Ft. trone.] 1. A 

royal seat ; a chair of state. 2. The seat of a bishop. — 3. 

In Scripture, sovereign power and dignity. 4. Angels. 

Col. i. 5. The place where God peculiarly manifests his 

power and glory. 
THRONE, V. t. 1. To place on a royal seat ; to enthrone. 

2. To place in an elevated position ; to give an elevated 

place to ; to exalt. 
THRoNED, pp. Placed on a royal seat, or on an elevated 

seat ; exalted. 
THRONG, n. [Sax. thrang ; Ir. drong ; G., D. drang.] 1. A 

crowd ; a multitude of persons or of living beings pressing 

or pressed into a close body or assemblage. 2. A great 

multitude. 
THRONG, V. i. [Sax. thringan ; D. dringen ; G. drdngen ; 

Dan. trcenger.] To crowd together; to press into a close 

body, as a muftitude of persons ; to come in multitudes. 
THRONG, V. t. To crowd or press, as persons ; to oppress 

or annoy with a crowd of living beings. 
Thronged, pp. Crowded or pressed by a multitude of 

persons. 
THRONG'ING, ppr. Crowdmg together ; pressing with a 

multitude of persons. 
THRONG'JNG, n. The act of crowding together. 
t THRONG'LY, adv. In crowds. .More. 
THROP'PLE, 71. The windpipe of ahorse. [Local.] Cyc. 
THROS'TLE, (thros'i) n. [Sax. throstle.] A bird. 
THROS'TLING, 7?. A disease of cattle of the ox kind. 
THROT'TLE, n. The windpipe or larynx. 
THROT TLE, v. i. 1. To choke ; to suffocate ; or to obstruct 

so as to endanger suffocation. 2. To breathe hard, as 

when nearly suffocated. 
THROT'TLE, v. t. To utter with breaks and interruptions, 

as a person half suffocated. Shak. 
THROUGH, (thru) prep. [Sax. thurh ; D. door ; G. durch.] 

1. From end to end, or from side to side ; from one sur- 
face or limit to the opposite. 2. Noting passage. 3. By 

transmission, noting the means of conveyance. 4. By 

means of; by the agency of; noting instrumentality. 5 

Over the whole surface or extent. 6. Noting passage 

among or in the midst of. 
THROUGH, (thru) adv. 1. From one end or side to the oth- 
er. 2. From beginning to end. 3. To the end ; to the^ 

ultimate purpose. — To carry through, to complete ; to ac-' 

coniplish. — To go through. 1. To prosecute a scheme to 

the end. 2. To undergo ; to sustain. 
THROUGH'-ERED should be thorough-bred. 
t THROUGH'-LlGHT-ED should be thorough-lighted. 
JTHROUGH'LY, (thru'ly) adv. 1. Completely; fully; 

wholly. Bacon. 2. Without reserve; sincerely. Tillot- 

son. [For this, thoroughly is now use.d.] 
THROUGH-OUT', (thfu-dut') prep, [through and out.] 

Q.uite through ; in every part ; from one extremity to the 

other. 
THROUGH-OUT', tthru-out') adv. In every part. 
fTHROUGH'-PACED [See Thorough-paced.] More. 
THROVE, old pret. of thrive. 
THRoW, v. t. ; pret. threw ,- pp. thrown. [Sax. thrawan.] 

1. Properly, to hurl ; to whirl ; to fling or cast in a wind- 
ing direction. 2. To fling or cast in any manner ; to pro- 
pel ; to send ; to drive to a distance from the hand or from 
an engine. 3. To wind. 4. To turn ; [little used.] 5. To 
venture at dice. 6. To cast ; to divest or strip one's self 
of; to put off. 7. To cast ; to send. 8. To put on ; to 
spread carelessly. 9. To overturn ; to prostrate in wrest- 
ling. 10. To cast ; to drive by violence. 

To throiD away. 1. To lose by neglect or folly ; to spend in 
vain. 2. To bestow without a compensation. 3. To re- 
ject.— To throiD by, to lay aside or neglect as useless.— To 
throio down. 1. To subvert ; to overthrow ; to destroy. 

2. To bring down from a high station ; to depress.— To 
thro7D in. 1. To inject. 2. To put in ; to deposit with 
others ; also, to give up or relinquish. — To throw off. 1 
To expel ; to clear from. 2. To reject ; to discard.— To 
throw on, to cast on ; to load. — To throw out. 1. To cast 
out ; to reject or discard ; to expel. 2. To utter careless- 
ly ; to speak. 3. To exert ; to bring forth into act. 4. To 
distance ; to leave behind. 5. To exclude ; to reject. — 
To throw up. 1. To resign. 2. To resign angrily. 3. To 
discharge from the stomach. — To throw one's self down, to 
lie down. — To throio one's self on, to resign one's self to 
the favor, clemency or sustaining power of another ; to 
repose. 



* See Synopsis. A, K, T, O, -D, ^, Zon^-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; 



■(■ Obsolete 



TlfU 



839 



THY 



rHRoW, V. i. 1. To perform the act of throwing. 2. To 
cast dice. — To throw abcnit, to cast about ; to try expedi- 
ents ; [little used.] 

THROW, 71. 1. The act of hurling or flinging ; a cast ; a 
driving or propelling from the hand or from en engine. 2 
A cast of dice ; and the manner in which dice fall when 
cast. 3. The distance which a missile is or may be 
thrown 5 as, a stone's throio. 4. A stroke j a blow. 5. 
Effort ; violent sally. 6. The agony of travail ; [see 
Throe.] 7. A turner's lathe ; [local.] 

THRoW'ER, n. One that throws ; one that twists or winds 
silkj a throwster. 

THROWN, pp. of throw. Cast ; hurled ; wound or twisted. 

THROWSTER, n. One that twists or winds silk. 

THRUM, n. [Ice. thraum ; G. trumm ; D. drom ; Gr. 
OpviAjxa-] 1. The ends of v/eavers' threads. 2. Any 
coarse yarn. — 3. Thrums, among gard&ners, the thread- 
like, internal, bushy parts of flowers ; the stamens. 

THRUM, V. i. [D. trom.] To play coarsely on an instru- 
ment with the fuii-ers. Dryden, 

THRUM, V. t. 1. To weave ; to knot ; to twist 3 to fringe. 
— 2. Among seamen, to insert short pieces of rope-yarn or 
spun-yarn in a sail or mat. 

THRUSH, n. [Sax. drisc ; G. drossel.] 1. A bird, a species 
of tardus. 2. [qu. thrust.] An affection of the inflamma- 
tory and suppurating kind, in the feet of the horse and 
some other animals. — 3. In medicine, [L. apthm,] ulcers in 
the mouth and fauces. 

THRUST, V. t. ; pret. and pp. thrust. [L. trudo, trusum, 
trusito.] 1. To push or drive with force. 2. To drive ; 
to force ; to impel. 

THRUST, V. i. }. To make a push ; to attack with a point- 
ed weapon. 2. To enter by pushing ; to squeeze in. 3. 
To intrude. 4. To push forward ; to come with force ; to 
press on. 

THRUST, 71. 1. A violent push or driving, as with a point- 
ed -weapon, or with the hand or foot, or with any instru- 
ment ; a word much used in fencing. 2. Attack ; assault. 
— Push and shove do not exactly express the sense of 
thrust. The two former imply the application of force by 
one body already in contact with the body to be impelled. 
Thrust, on the contrary, often implies the impulse or ap- 
plication offeree by a moving body, a body in motion be- 
fore it reaches the body to be impelled. 

THRUST'S R, n. One who thrusts or stabs. 

THRUST'ING, ppr. Pushing with force ; driving ; impel- 
ling ; pressing. 

THRUST'ING, n. 1. The act of pushing with force. 2. In 
dairies, the act of squeezing curd with the Iiand, to expel 
the whey ; [local.] Cyc. 

THRUST'INGS, n. In cheese-maJung; the white whey, or 
that which is last pressed out of the^curd by the hand, and 
of which butter is sometimes made. 

THRUST'ING-SGREW, n. A screw for pressing curd in 
cheese-making. [Local.] 

TtlRUS'TLE, n. The thrush. See Throstle. 

THR-J-FAL'LoW, v. t. [thrice and fallow.] To give the 
tliird ploughing in summer. Tusser. 

THU'LITE, n. A rare mineral, found in Norway. 

THUMB, I ,^. . \ n. [Sax, thuma ; Dan. tomme ; Sw. 

THUM, \ ^"^»'«i \ tumme.] The short, thick finger 
of the human hand, or the corresponding member of other 
animals. 

THUMB, V. t. 1. To handle awkward'y ; to play with the 
fingers. 2. To soil with the fingers. 

THUMB, V. i. To play on with the fingers. 

THUMB'-BAND, n. [thum and band.] A twist of any thing 
as thick as the thumb. Mortimer. 

THUMBED, (tbumd) a. Having thumbs. 

THUMB'-RING,«. A ring worn on the thumb. Shale. 

THUMB'-STALL, 71. [thum and stall.] A kind of thimble 
or ferule of iron, horn or leather, with the edges turned 
up to receive the thread in making sails. Ciic. 

THUM'ER-STONE, «. A mineral, found in Saxony. Cyc. 

THUM'MIM, 71. plu. A Hebrew word denoting perfections. 
The Urim and Thummim were worn in the breastplate of 
tlie high-priest. 

THUMP, n. [It. thomho.] A heavy blow given with any 
thing th it is thick, as with a club or the fist. 

THUMP, V. t. To strike or beat with something thick or 
heavy. Shak. 

THUMP, V. i. To strike or fall on with a heavy blow. 

THUMP'ER, 71. The person or thing that thuinps. 

THUMP'ING, ppr. 1. Striking or beating with something 
thick or blunt. 2. a. Heavy. 3. Vulgarly, stout ; fat ; 
large. 

TIIUN'DER, n. [Sax. thunder, thunor ; G. donner ; D. don- 
der ; Sw. dander ^ Ba.n. dundr en,] 1. The sound which 
follows an explosion of electricity or lightning ; the report 
of a discharge of el-^ctrical fluid, that is, of its passage 
from one cloud to another, or from a cloud to the earth, or 
from the earth to a cloud. 2. Thunder is used for lisrht- 
ning, or for a thunderbolt, either originally through igno- 
rance, or by way of metaphor, or because the lightning 



and thunder are closely united. 3. Any loud noise 4, 
Denunciation published. 

THUN'DER, V. i. 1. To sound, rattle or roar, as an explo- 
sion of electricity. 2. To make a loud noise, particularly 
a heavy sound of some continuance. 3. To rattle, or give 
a heavy, rattling sound. 

THUN'DER, V. t. 1. To emit with noise and terror. 2. To 
publish any denunciation or threat. 

THUN'DER-BoLT, n. [thunder and bolt.} 1. A shaft of 
lightning ; a brilliant stream of the electrical fluid, passing 
from one part of the heavens to another, and particularly 
from the clouds to the earth. Ps Ixxviii. 2. Figuratively, 
a daring or irresistible hero. 3. Fulmination ; ecclesias- 
tical denunciation. — 4. In mineralogy, thunder-stone. 
Spectator, 

THUN'DER-€LAP, n. [thunder and clap,] A burst of 
thunder ; sudden report of an explosion of electricity. 

THUN'DSR-€LOUD, n. [thunder and cloud.] A cloud that 
produces lightning and thunder. 

THUN'DER-ER, ti. He that thunders. Dryden. 

THUN'DER-HOUSE, n. An instrument for illustrating the 
manner in which buildings receive damage by light 
ning. 

THUN'DER-ING, ppr. Making the noise of an electrical ex- 
plosion ; uttering a loud sound. 

THUN'DER-ING, n. The report of an electrical explosion ; 
thunder. Ex. ix. 

THUN'DER-OUS, a. Producing thunder. [£. u.] Milton. 

THUN'DER-SHOW-ER, 71. [thunder and shower.] A show 
er accompanied with thunder. 

THUN'DSR-STONE, 71. A stone, otherwise called brontia 

THUN'DER-STORM. n. [thunder and storm.] A storm ac 
companied with lightning and thunder. 

THUN'DER-STRJKE, v. t. 1. To strike, blast or injure by 
lightning. Sidney. 2. To astonish or strike dumb, as with 
something terrible ; [little used except in the participle.] 

THUN'DER-STRUGK, pp. or a. Astonished; amazed; 
struck dumb by something surprising or terrible suddenly 
presented to the mind or view. 

THUN'NER, n. Thunder. J^orth of England. 

|THU'RI-BLE, 71. [L. thuribulum.] A censer ; a pan for in- 
cense. Cowel. 

THU-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. thurifer.] Producing or bearing 
frankincense. 

THU-RI-FI-€a'TION, n. [L. thus, thuris, and facio.] Tlie 
act of fuming with incense ; or the act of burning iii- 

THURS'DAY, n. [Dan. Torsdag, that is, Thorns day, the 
day consecrated to Thor, the god of thunder, answering 
to the Jove of the Greeks and Romans ; L. dies 'Jovls ; It. 
Qiovedi ; Sp. Jueves ; Fr. Jeudi. So in G dovnerstag, 
D. donderdag, tlmnder-day.] The fifth day of the week. 

THUS, adv. [Sax. thus ; D. dus.] 1. In this or that man- 
ner ; on this wise. 2. To this degree or extent. 3. In 
the phrase thu^ much, it seems to be an adjective, equiv- 
alent to this much. 

THWACK, V. t. [qu. Sax. thaccian.] To strike with some- 
thing flat or heavy ; to bang ; to beat or thrash. 

THWACK, n. A heavy blow with something flat or heavy 

THWACK'ING, ppr. Striking with a heavy blow. 

THWaITE, 71. 1. A fish, a variety of the shad. 2. A plain 
parcel of ground, cleared of wood and stumps, inclosed 
and converted to tillage ; [local.] 

THWART, a. [D. dwars ; Dan. tver, tvert, tvers ; Sw. 
tvars, tvart.] Transverse ; being across something else. 

THWART, V. t. 1. To cross ; to be, lie or come across the 
direction of something. 2. To cross, as a purpose ; to op- 
pose ; to contravene ; hence, to frustrate or defeat. 

THWART, V. i. To be in opposition, Locke. 

THWART, 71. The seat or bench of a boat on which the 
rowers sit. Mar. Diet. 

THWART'ED, pp. Crossed ; opposed ; frustrated. 

THWART'ER, n. A disease in sheep, indicated by shak- 
ing, trembling or convulsive motions. Cyc. 

THWART'ING, p;)r. Crossing; contravening; defeating. 

THWART'ING, 71. The act of crossing or frustrating. 

THWART'ING-LY, adv. In a cross direction; in opposi- 
tion." 

THWART'NESS, n. Untowardness ; perverseness. 

THWART'SHIPS, adv. Across the ship. Mar. Diet. 

THWITE, v. t. [Sax. thwitan.] To cut or clip Vi^ith a knife 
[Local.] Chaucer. 

THWIT'TLE, v. t. To whittle. [See Whittle.] Chaucer 

*THY, a. [contracted from thine, or from some other de- 
rivative of thou.] Thy is the adjective of thou, or a pro- 
nominal adjective, signifying of thee, or belonging to thee 
like tuus in Latin. It is used in the solemn and grave 
style. 

THy'iNE wood, a precious wood, mentioned ^eTJ.xviii 

THy'ITE, 71. The name of a species of indurated clay. 

* THYME, usually pronounced, irregularly, time. n. [Fi. 
thym ; L. thymus ; Gr. 0d/ioj.] A plant of the genua 
thymus, 

* TH^'MY, a. Abounding with thyme ; fragrant. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, DoVE ;— BTILL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; « as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



TID 

TH^^'ROID, a. [Gr. Qv^tog and a5os,] Resembling a shield ; 
applied to one of the cartilages of the larynx. 

THYRSE, n. [L, thyrsus ; Gr. Supaof.] In botany, a species 
of inflorescence. Martyn. 

TH'f-SELF', pron. [thy and self.'j A pronoun used after 
thou, to express distinction with emphasis ; as, tAow iA?/- 
self Shalt go. 

Tl'AR, J n. [Fr. tiare ; L., Sp., It. iiara ; Gr. tia^a.] 1. 

* TI-A'RA, ) An ornament or article of dress with which 
the ancient Persians covered their heads ; a kind of turban. 
2. An ornament worn by the Jewish high-priest. Ex. 
xxviii. 3. The pope's triple crown. 

TIB'I-AL, a. [L. tibia.'] 1. Pertaining to the large bone of 
the le^. Med. Repos. 2. Pertaining to a pipe or flute. 

TIB'U-RO, n. A fish of the shark kind. 

t TICE, for entice. Beaumont. 

TI€K, 71. Credit ; trust ; as, to buy upon ticJc. Locke. 
,TI€K, 71. [Fr. tique ; G. zecke.] A little animal that infests 
sheep, dogs, goats, cows, &c. 

TI€K, n. fD. teek, tijk.] The cover or case of a bed, which 
contains the feathers, wool or other material. 

TI€K, V. i. 1. To run upon score, 2. To trust. 

TICK, ■«. i. [D, tikken.] To beat; to pat; or to make a 
small n^ise by beating or otherwise, as a watch. 

TI€K-BeAN, n. A small bean employed in feeding horses 
and other animals. Cyc. 

TI€K'EN, 71. Cloth for bed-ticks or cases for beds. 

riCK'ET, n. [Fr. etiquette ; W. tocyn.] 1. A piece of pa- 
per or a card, which gives the holder a right of admission 
to some place. 2. A piece of paper or writing, acknowl- 
edging some debt, or a certificate that something is due to 
the holder. 3. A piece of paper bearing some number in 
a lottery, which entitles the owner to receive such prize 
as may be drawn against that number. 

TICK'ET, V. t. To distinguish bv a ticket. Bentlev. 

TICKLE, V. t. [dim. of touch.) 1. To touch lightly, and 
cause a peculiar, thrilling sensation, which cannot be de- 
scribed. 2. To please bv slight gratification. 

TICKLE, V. i. To feel titillation. Spenser. 

■f TICKLE, a. Tottering ; wavering, or liable to waver and 
fall at the slightest touch ; unstable ; easily overthrown. 
Shak. 

t TICKLE-NESS, n. Unsteadiness. Chaucer. 

TICKLER, n. One that tickles or pleases. 

TICKLING, ppr. Affecting with titillation. 

TICKLING, V. The act of affecting with titillation. 

TICKLISH, a. 1. Sensil)le to slight touches ; easily tickled. 

2. Tottering ; standing so as to be liable to totter and fall 
at the slightest touch ; unfixed ; easily moved or affected. 

3. Difficult ; nice; critical. S^vift. 
TICKLISH-NESS, n. 1. The state or quality of being tic- 
klish. 2. The state of being tottering or liable to fall. 3. 
Criticalness of condition or state. 

TI€K'-SEED, 71. A plant of the genus coreopsis. 

TICK'TACK, n. A game at tables. Bailetj. 

TID, (z. [Sax. tydder.] Tender; soft; nice. 

TID'BIT, n. [tid and bit.] A delicate or tender piece. 

TTD'DT F ) 

TID'DER "■ ^' '^^ ^^^ '"'^^'^ tenderness ; to fondle. 

TIDE, n. [Sax. tidan, to happen ; tid, time ; G. zeit ; D. 
tyd; Sw., Dan. tid.] ]. Time; season; [obs.] Spenser. 
2. The flow of the water in the ocean and seas, twice in 
a little more than twenty-four hours. 3. Stream ; course ; 
current. 4. Favorable course. 5. Violent confluence ; 
[obs.] — 6. Among miners, the period of twelve hours. 7. 
Current ; flow of blood. 

TIDE, V. t. To drive with the stream. Dryden. 

TIDE, V. i. To work in or out of a river or harbor by favor 
of the tide, and anchor when it becomes adveree; Mar. 
Diet. 

TiDE'-GATE, n. 1. A gate through which water passes in- 
to a basin when the tide flows, and which is shut to retain 
the water from flowing back at the ebb. — 2. Among sea- 
men, a place whei'e the tide runs with great velocity. 
Mar. Diet. 

TiDE'-MILL, 71. A mill that is moved by tide-water ; also, 
a mill for clearing lands from tide-water. 

TlDES'-MAN, 71. An officer who remains on board of a 
merchant's ship till the goods are landed, to prevent the 
evasion of the duties. 

TiDE'-WaIT-ER, 71. An oflScer who watches the landing 
of goods, to secure the payment of duties. 

TIDE -WAY, n. The channel in which the tide sets. 

TlDI-LY, adv. Neatly ; with neat simplicity. 

Ti'DI-NESS, n. 1. Neatness without richness or elegance ; 
neat simplicity. 2. Neatness. 

Ti'DINGS, n. plu. [Sw. tidning ; Dan. tidende.] News ; ad- 
vice ; information ; intelligence ; account of what has 
taken place, and was not before known. 

Ti'DY, a. [from tide, time : Dan., Sw. tidiff.] 1. In its 
primary sense, seasonable; favorable; being in proper 
time ; as, weather fair and tidy. Tusser. 2. Neat ; dress- 
ed with neat simplicity. 3. Neat ; being in good order. 



840 TIL 

TIE, ) V. t. [Sax. tian, for tigan, to bind ; tig, tige, a tie, a 

TyE, \ purse.] 1. To bind ; tp fasten with a band or cora 
and knot. 2. To fold and make fast. 3. To knit ; to com- 
plicate. 4. To fasten ; to hold ; to unite so as not to he 
easily parted. 5 To oblige ; to constrain ; to restrain ; to 
confine. — 6. In music, to unite notes by a cross line, or by 
a curve line drawn over them. 

Tie, n. ]. A knot; fastening. 2. Bond ; obligation, moral 
or legal. 3. A knot of hair. Young. 

TIED, ; pp. Bound ; fastened with a knot ; confined ; re- 

TyED, ) strained j united, as notes. 

TIkR, n. [Heb. 1|ta.] A row ; a rank ; particularly when 
two or more rows are placed one above another. 

* TIERCE, (ters, or teers) n. [Fr. tiers.] 1. A cask whose 
content is one third of a pipe, that is, forty gallons ; or, it 
may be, the measure. — 2. In Ireland, a weight by which 
provisions are sold. — 3. In music, a third. — 4. In gaming, 
a sequence of three cards of the same color. 5. A thrust 
in fencing. 

* TIERCEL, ) n. In falconry, a name given to the 

* TIERCE'LET, I) male hawk, as being a tliird part less 
than the female. Cyc. 

* TIER GET, n. [from tierce.] In poetry, a triplet; three 
lines, or three lines rhyming. 

TIFF, n. [qu. tipple, tope.] 1. Liquor ; or rather a small 
draught of liquor ; [vulgar.] 2. A pet or fit of peevish- 
ness. Johnson. 

TIFF, V. i. 7'o be in a pet. [Low.] Johnson. 

tTIFF, r. <. To dress. 

TIF'FA-NY, 71. [According to the Italian and Spanish Dic- 
tionaries, this word is to be referred to taffeta.] A species 
of gauze or very thin silk. 

TIFFE-DE-MER. A species of sea-plant. Cyc. 

TIG, 71. A play. See Tag. 

TiGE, 71. [Fr.; a stalk.] The shaft of a column from the as- 
tragal to the capital. Bailey. 

Ti'GER, n. [Fr. tigre ; It. tigro : L. tigris.] A fierce and 
rapacious animal of the genus felis. 

Ti'GER-FOOT-ED, a. Hastening to devour j furious. 

Ti'GEE-ISH; a. Like a tiger. 

Ti'GER'S-FOOT, n. A plant of the genus ipomaa. 

Ti'GER-SHELL, n. [tiger and shell.] A name given to 
Uie red voluta, with large white spots. 

TiGH, n. In Kent, a close or inclosure. 

TIGHT, (tite) a. [G. dicht ; D., Sw., Dan. digt.] 1. Close ; 
compact ; not loose or open ; having the joints so close that 
no fluid can enter or escape ; not leaky. 2. Close ; not ad- 
mitting much air. 3. Sitting close to the body. 4. Close ; 
not having holes or crevices ; not loose. 5. Close ; hard ; 
as, a tight bargain ; [in common use in America.] 6. Close ; 
parsimonious ; saving; as, a man tight in his dealings ; [in 
common use in America.] 7. Closely dressed ; not ragged. 
8. Hardy ; adroit. 

TiGHT'EN, (ti'tn) v. t. To draw tighter; to straiten; to 
niake more close in asiy manner. 

t TiGHT'ER, /(. LA ril)bon or string used to draw clothes 
closer. 2. a. More tight. 

TIGHTLY, adv. I. Closely ; compactly, 2. Neatly ; 
adroitly. 

TiGHT'NESS, n. 1. Closeness of joints ; compactness ; 
straitness. 2. Neatness, as in dress, 3, Parsimoniousness j 
closeness in dealing. 

Tl'GRESS, n. [from tiger.] The female of the tiger. 

Tl'GRISH, a. Resembling a tiger. Sidney. 

TIKE, 71. A tick. See Tick. 

TIKE, 7i. [Celtic, ^iaA", ii'ac, a ploughman.] L A country- 
man or clown. 2. A dog. Shak. 

TILE, n. [Sax. tigel ; D. teael, or tichgel.] 1. A plate or 
piece of baked clay, used for covering the roofs of build- 
ings. — 2, In metallurgy, a small, flat piece of dried earth, 
used to cover vessels in which metals are fused. 3. A 
piece of baked clay used in drains. 

TILE, V. t. ]. To cover with tiles. 2, To cover, as tiles, 

TiLE'-EARTH, n. A species of strong, clayey earth; stiff 
and stubborn land. [Local.] Cyc. 

Tiled, pp. covered with tiles. 

TiLE'-ORE, 71. A sul)species of octahedral red copper ore 

TiL'ER, n. A man whose occupation is to cover buildings 
with tiles. Bacon. 

Tiling, ppr. covering with tiles, 

TiL'ING, n. 1, A roof covered with tiles, Luke v, 2. Tiles 
in general. 

TILL, n. A vetch ; a tare. [Local ] 

TILL, ) ^ u • r, A 

TILL'ER V '*' money-box m a shop ; a drawer. 

TILL, prep, or adv. [Sax. til, tille ; Sw., Dan. til.] 1. To 
the time or time of. 2. It is used before verbs and senten- 
ces in a like sense, denoting to the time specified in the 
sentence or clause following ; as, I will wait till you arrive. 

TILL, V. t. [Sax. tilian,tiligan.] 1. To labor; to cultivate; 
to plough and prepare for seed, and to dress crops. — 2. In 
the most general sense, to till may include every species 
of husbandry, and this may be its sense in Scripture. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, G, Y, hug.—FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREYj— HN, MARtNE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. 



TIM 



841 



TIN 



riLli A-BLE, a. Capable of being tilled ; arable ; fit for the 

plough. Carew. 
TILL'AGE, n. The operation, practice or art of preparing 
land for seed, and keeping tne ground free from weeds 
which might impede the growth of crops. 

TILLED, fp. Cultivated ; prepared for seed and kept clean. 

TILL'ER, n. 1. One who tills ; a husbandman ; a cultiva- 
tor J a ploughman. 2. The bar or lever employed to turn 
tlie rudder of a ship. 3. A small drawer; a till. — 4. 
Among farmers , the shoot of a plant, springing from the 
root or bottom of the original stalk ; also, the sprout or 
young tree that springs from the root or stump. 5. A 
young timber tree ; [local.l 

TILL'ER, V. i. To put forth new shoots from the root, or 
round the bottom of the original stalk. 

TILL'ER-ING, ppr. Sending out new shoots round the 
bottom of the original stem. 

TiLL'ER-ING, rt. The act of sending forth young shoots 
from the root or round the bottom of the original stalk. 

TILL'ER-ROPE, n. The rope vv^hich forms a communica- 
tion between the fore-end of the tiller and the wheel. 

TILLING, ppr. Cultivating. 

TILL'IiVG, /t. The operation of cultivating land ; culture. 

(■ TILL'MAN, n. A man who tills the earth ; a husbandman. 

f TILL'Y-FAL-LY, I adv. or a. A word formerly used when 

f TILL'Y-VAL-LY, ^ any thing said was rejected as tri- 
lling or impertinent. 

TILT, n. [Sax. teld ; Dan. telt] 1. A tent ; a covering 
over head, Denham. 2. The cloth covering of a cart oif 
wagon. 3. The ccver of a boat ; a small canopy or 
awning of canvas or other cloth, extended over the stern- 
sheets of a boat. 

TILT, V. t. To cover with a cloth or awning. Fhilips. 

TILT, 72. 1. A thrust. 2, Formerhj, a military exercise on 
horseback, in which the combatants attacked each other 
with lances ; as tilts and tournaments. 3. A large ham- 
mer ; a tilt-ha.mmer, used in iron manufactures. 4. Incli- 
nation forward. 

TILT, V, t. [Sax. iealtian.] 1. To incline ; to raise one 
end, as of a cask, for discharging liquor. 2. To point or 
thrust, as a lance. 3. To hammer or forge with a tilt- 
hammer or tilt. 4. To cover with a lilt. 

TILT, V. i. 1. To run or ride and thrust with a lance ; to 
practice the military game or exercise of thrusting at each 
other on horseback. 2. To fight with rapiers. 3. To 
rush as in combat. 4. To play unsteadily ; to ride, float 
and toss. 5. To lean ; to fall, as on one side. 

ITLT'-BoAT, n. A boat covered with canvas or other cloth. 

TILT'ED, pp. 1. Inclined; made to stoop; covered with 
cloth or awning. 2. Hammered ; prepared by beating, 
as steel. 

TILT'ER, ?i. One who tilts ; one who uses the exercise of 
pushing a lance on horseback ; one who fights. ,2. One 
who hammers with a tilt. 

TILTH, 71. [Sax. tilth.] 1. That which is tilled ; tillage 
ground ; [obs.] 2. The state of being tilled or prepared 
for a crop. 

TILT'-HAM-MER, n. [tilt and hammer.] A heavy ham- 
mer, used in iron-works, which is lifted by a wheel, 

TILT'ING, ppr. Inclining ; causing to stoop or lean ; using 
the game of thrusting with the lance on horseback. 

TIM'BAL, 71. A kettle drum. 

TIM'BER, 71. [Sax. timber; Sw. timraer.] 1. That sort of 
wood which is proper for buildings or for tools, utensils, 
furniture, carriages, fences, ships, and the like. 2. The 
body or stem of a tree. 3. The materials ; in irony. 4. 
A single piece or squared stick of wood for building, or 
already framed. — 5. In ships, a timber is a rib or curving 
piece of wood, branching outward from the keel in a ver- 
tical direction. 

TIM'BER, V. t. To furnish with timber. See Timbeeed. 

TIM'BER, v.i. 1. To light on a tree; [obs.] UEstrange. 
— 2. In falconry, to make a nest. Cyc. 

TIM'BERED, Pi?, or a. 1. Furnished with timber.— In the 
United States, we say, land is well timbered, when it is 
covered with good timber trees. 2. Built ; formed ; con- 
trived ; [little used.] 

TIM'BER-HEAD, n. In ships, the top end of a timber, rising 
above the gunwale, and serving for belaying ropes, &;c ; 
otherwise called kevelhead. 

TIM'BER-ING, ppr. Furnishing with timber. 

TIM'BER-SOW, 71. A worm in wood. Bacon. 

TIM'BER-TREE, n. A tree suitable for timber. 

TIM'BER-WoRK, n. Work formed of wood. 

TIM'BER-YARD, n. [timber and yard.] A yard or place 
where timber is deposited. 

TIM'BRE, 71. [D. timber.] A crest on a coat of arms. 

TIM'BREL,7i. [Sp. tamboril J It. tamburo ; Fr. tambonrin, 
tambour.] An instrument of music ; a kind of drum, tabor 
or tabret, which has been in use from the highest antiquity, 

TIM'BRELED, a. Sung to the sound of the timbrel. 

TIM'BU-RlNE, n. See Tambourine. 

TIME, 71. [Sax. tim, tima, time ; Dan. time, Sw. timme, an 
hour ; L. tempus ; It., Port, tempo ; Sp. tiempo ; Fr. tcrnps.] 



1. A particular portion or part of duration, whether past, 
present or future. 2. A proper time ; a season. 3. Dura- 
tion. 4. A space or measured portion of duration. 5, 
Life or duration, in reference to occupation, 6. Age; 
a part of duration distinct from other parts ; as, ancient 
times. 7. Hour of tavail. 8. Repetition ; repeated per- 
formance, or mention with reference to repetition. 9. 
Repetition; doubhng; addition of a number to itself; as, 
to double cloth four times. 10. Measure of sounds in mu- 
sic ; as, common time. 11. The state of things at a partic- 
ular period ; as when we say, good times, or bad tiwes. — 12. 
In grammar, tense. — In time. 1 In good season ; sufficiently 
early. 2. A considerable space of duration ; process or con- 
tinuation of duration. — It times, at distinct intervals of 
duration. — Time enough, in season ; early enough. Bacon 
— To lose time. 1. To delay. 2. To go too slow ; as, a 
watch or clock loses time. — Apparent time, in astronomy, 
true solar time, regulated by the apparent motions of the 
sun. — Mean time, equated time, a mean or average of ap- 
parent time. — Siderial time is that which is shown by the 
diurnal revolutions of the stars. 

TIME, V. t. To adapt to the time or occasion ; to bring, 
begin or perform at the proper season or time. 2. To 
regulate as to time. 3. To measure, as in music or har- 
mony. Shak. 

TIMED, pp. Adapted to the season or occasion. 

TIME'FUL, a. Seasonable ; timely ; sufficiently early. 

TiME'tST, n. 1. In 7?iMsic, a performer who keeps good time 
2. One who conforms with the times ; a timeserver ; [obs.] 

TiME'-KEEP-ER, 71. [time and keeper.] A clock, watch or 
other chronometer. 

jTIME'LESS, a. 1. Unseasonable; done at an improper 
time. 2. Untimely ; immature ; done or sufliered before 
the proper time. 

TiME'LESS-LY, at^-j. Unseasonably. Milton. 

TiME'LI-NESS, n. Seasonableness ; a being in good time 

TiME'LY, a. 1. Seasonable; being in good time; suffi 
ciently earlv. 2. Keeping time or measure ; [obs.] Spenser 

TlME'LY,_adv. Early ; soon ; in good season. Prior. 

TiME'-PIkCE, n. [time and piece.] A clock, watch or 
other instrument to measure or show the progress of time ; 
a chronometer. 

TiME'-PLeAS-ER, n. One who complies with the pre- 
vailing opinions, whatever they may be. 

TiiME'-SERV-ER, n. One who adapts his opinions and 
manners to the times ; one who obsequiously complies 
with the ruling power. 

TlME'SERV-lNG, a. Obsequiously complying with the 
humors of men in power. 

TiME'SEB-V-ING, n. An obsequious compliance with the 
Jiumors oj men in power. 

TiME'-WoRN, a. Impaired by time. Irving. 

TIM'ID, a. [Fr. timide ; L. timidus.] Fearful; wanting 
courage to meet danger ; timorous ; not bold. 

TI-MID'I-TY, n. [Fr. thnidite ; L. timidltas.] Fearfulness; 
want of courage or boldness to face danger ; timorousness ; 
habitual cowardice. 

TIM'ID-LY, adv. In a timid manner ; weakly ; withou 
courage, 

TIM'LD-NESS, n. Timidity, 

Ti'MIST. See Timeist. 

TI-MOC'RA-CY, n. [Gr. Tifjr], worth, and /cpaT£w.] Gov- 
ernment by men of property, who are possessed of a cer- 
tain income. 

TIM-O-NEER', n. [Fr. timon ; L. temo.] A helmsman. 

TBI'OR-OUS, a. [It. timoroso, from L. timor.] 1. Fearfu. 
of danger; timid; destitute of courage. 2. Indicating 
fear ; full of scruples. 

TIM'OR-OUS-LY, adv. Fearfully; timidly; without bold 
ness ; with much fear. Philips. 

TIM'OR-OUS-NESS, ??. Fearfulness; timidity. Swift. 

t Ti'MOUS, a. [from time.] Early ; timely. Bacon. 

t Ti'MOUS-LY, adv. In good season. Ch. Relig. Appeal. 

TIN,?!. [Sax ,1). tin; G. zinn; Sw. tenn.] 1. A white 
metal, with a slight tinge of yellow. 2. Thin plates of 
iron covered with tin. 

TIN, V. t. To cover with tin, or overlay with tinfoil 

TINCAL n. A mineral. Woodward. 

tTINCT^t). «. [L. tingo, tinctus.] To stain or color, to 
imbue.' 

t TINCT, n. Stain ; color. 

TINeT'URE,w. [L. tinctura; Fr. teinture.] 1. The finer 
and more volatile parts of a substance, separated by a 
menstruum. — 2. In medicine, a spirituous solution of such 
of the proximate principles of vegetables and animals as 
are soluble in pure alcohol or proof-spirit ; wine or spirits 
containing medicinal substances in solution. 3. A tinge 
or shade of color. 4. Slight taste superadded to any sub- 
stance. 5. Slight quality added to any thing. 

TINCT'URE, V. t. 1. To tinge ; to communicate a slight 
foreign color to; to impregnate with some extraneous 
matter. 2. To imbue the mind ; to communicate a portion 
of any thing foreign. 



See Synrpsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. \Obsolete 



TIP 



842 



TIT 



TIN€T'URED, pp. Tinged; slightly impregnated with 

something foreign. 
TIN€T'UR-ING, pjpr. Tinging 3 imbuing ; impregnating 

with a foreign substance, 
f TIND, V. t. [Sax. endan, tynan.] To kindle. 
TIND'ER, n. /Sax. tyndre.] Something very inflammable 

used for kin Uing fire from a spark, as scorched linen. 
TINB'ER-BOX, n. A box in which tinder is kept. 
TIND'ER-LlKE, a. Like tinder ; very inflammable, 
t TINE, V. U [Sax. tynan.} To kindle ; to set on fire. 
TINE, V. t. [Sax. tynan ; L. teneo.} To shut or inclose ; 

to fill. \_J\rot in use, or local.] 
TINE, n. [Sax. tindes ; Ice. tfndr.] 1. The tooth or spike 

of a fork ; a prong ; also, the tooth of a harrow or drag. 

2. Trouble 3 distress 3 [obs.] Spenser. 
t TINE, V. i. [Sax. tynan.] To rage , to smart 5 to fight. 
TiNE'MAN, n. Aniientlij, an officer of the forest in Eng- 
land, who had the nocturnal care of vert and venison. 
Tl'NET, n. [tine, to shut.] In old writers, brush-wood 

and thorns for making and repairing hedges. 
TINTOIL, 71. [tin, and h. folium, a leaf.] Tin reduced to 

a thin leaf. 
. TING, n. A sharp sound. See Tingle. 
tTING, v. i. To sound or ring. 
TINGE, V. t. [L. tingo.] To imbue or impregnate with 

something foreign 5 to communicate the qualities of one 

substance, in some degree, to another. 
TINGE, n. Color 3 dye 3 taste ; or rather a slight degree of 

some color, taste, or something foreign, infused into 

another substance or mixture, or added to it 3 tincture. 
TINGED, pp. Imbued or impregnated with a small portion 

of something foreign. _ 

TING'ENT, a. Having the power to tinge. [L. «,.] Boyle. 
TING'ING, ppr. Imbuing or impregnating with something 

foreign. 
TIN'-GLASS, 71. Bismuth, which see. 
TIN'GLE, V. i. [W. tincial, tincian, or tinciaw.} 1. To feel 

a kind of thrilling sound. 2. To feel a sharp, thrilling 

pain. 3. To have a thrilling sensation, or a sharp, slight, 

penetrating sensation. 
TIN'GLING, ppr. Having a thrilling sensation. 
TIN'GLING, n. A thrilling sensation. 
TINK, V. i. [W. tinciaw.'] To make a sharp, shrill noise 3 

to tinkle. 
TINK'AL, n. Borax in its crude state or unrefined, 
TINK'ER, 71. [VV. tinceri.] A mender of brass kettles, 

pans and the like. 
TINK'ER-LY, adu. In the manner of a tinker. 
TIN'KLE, -y.i. [W. tincial.] 1. To make small, quick, 

sharp sounds, as by striking on metal 3 to clink. 2. To 

hear a small, sharp sound. 
TIN'KLE, V. t. To cause to clink or make sharp, quick 

sounds. 
TIN'KLER, 7!. Tinker. JSTorth of England. 
TIN'KLING, ppr. Making a small, quick, sharp noise. 
TIN'KLING, 71. A small, quick, sharp sound. Is. iii. 
TIN'MAN, 71. [tin and 7iian.] A manufacturer of tin ves- 
sels 3 a dealer in tin ware. Prior. 
TIN'-MINE, n. A mine where tin is obtained. 
TINNED, pp. Covered with tin. 
TIN'NER, 71. One who works in the tin-mines, 
t TIN'NI-ENT, a. Emitting a clear sound. 
TIN'NING,j)pr. Covering with tm or tinfoil. 
TIN'NING, 71. The act, art or practice of covering or lining 

any thing with melted tin or with tinfoil. 
TIN'NY, a. Abounding with tin. Drayton. 
TIN'PEN-NY, n. [tin and penny.] A customary duty in 

England, formerly paid to tithingmen. Bailey. 
TIN'SEL, n. [Fr. etincelle.] 1. Something very shining 

and gaudy 3 something superficially shining and showy. 

2. A kind of shining cloth. 3. A kind of lace. 
TIN'SEL, a. Gaudy 3 showy to excess 3 specious 5 superficial . 
TIN'SEL, 7). «. To adorn 'with something glittering and 

showy without much value ; to make gaudy. Pope. 

TIN'SELED, pp. Decorated with gaudy ornaments. 

TIN'SEL-ING, ppr. Adorning with tinsel. 

TINT, 71. [It. tinta ; Fr. tcint; L. tinctus.] A dye; a color, 
or rather a sight coloring or tincture distinct from the 
ground or principal color. Pope. 

riNT, V. t. To tinge 5 to give a slight coloring to. 

TlN-TA-MAR', 77. [Old Fr. tintamarre.] A confused noise 3 
a hideous outcry. Mason. 

TIN'WoRM, n. [tin and toorm.] An insect. Bailey. 

* TIN'Y a. Very small 3 little 3 puny. [A word used by chil- 
dren, 2nd in burlesque.] 

TIP, 7i. [D.tip.] 1. The ends the point or extremity of 
any thing small. 2. One part of tne play at nine-pins. — 

3. In botany, an anther. 

TIP, 75. t. 1. To form a point with something ; to cover the 
tip, top or end. 2. [for tap.] To strike slightly, or with 
the end of any thing small 3 to tap. 3. To lower one end, 
or throw upon the end 3 as, to tip a cart for discharging a 
load 3 [JV*. England.] — To tip the loink, to direct a wink, 
or to wink to another for notice. 



TIP, V. i. In the phrase to tip off, that is, to fall headlong 
hence, to die. 

TIPPED, or TIPT, pp. Having the end covered. 

TIP'PET, 11. [Sax. tceppet.] A narrow garment or cover 
ing, now made of fur, for the neck, worn by females. 

TIP'PING, ppr. Covering the end or tip. 

TIP'PLE, V. i. [qu., D. zuipen ; Fr. toper.] To drink spir- 
ituous or strong liquors habitually ; to indulge in the fre- 
quent and improper use of spirituous liquors. 

TIP'PLE, V. t. To drink, as strong liquors, in luxury or 
excess. Dryden. 

TIPPLE, n. Drink 3 liquor taken in tippling. ^Estrange. 

TIP'PLED, pp. 1, Drank in excess. 2. a. Intoxicated 3 
inebriated. 

TIP'PLER, n. One who habitually indulges in the exces- 
sive use of spirituous liquors 5 a drunkard ; a sot. 

TIPPLING, ppr. Indulging in the habitual use of strong or 
spirituous liquors. 

TIP'PLING, n. The habitual practice of drinking strong or 
spirituous liquors ; a drinking to excess. 

TIP'PLING-HOUSE, n. [tipple and house.] A house in 
which liquors are sold in drams or small quantities. 

TIP'STAFF, n. [tip and staff.] 1. An officer who bears a 
staff" tipped with metal 3 a constable. 2. A staff tipped 
with metal. Bacon. 

TIP'SY, a. [from tipple.] Fuddled 3 overpowered with 
strong drink 3 intoxicated. 

TIP'ToEjTi. [tip and toe.] The end of the toe.— ro be or 
to stand a tiptoe, to be awake or alive to any thing ; to be 
roused. 

TIP TOP, 77. The highest or utmost degree. 

TI-RaDE', (te-rade') 7t. [It.tirata; Yx. tirade.] 1. Former- 
ly, in French music, the filling of an interval by the inter- 

' mediate diatonic }iotes. — 2. In modern usage, a strain or 
flight 3 a series of violent declamation. Quart. Review. 

TIRE, 71. [Heb. ni£D.] 1. A tier ; a row or rank. This is 
the same word as tier, differently written. 2. A head- 
dress ; something that encompasses the head. Js. iii. 3. 
Furniture 3 apparatus. 4. Attire. 5. A band or hoop of 
iron, used to bind the fellies of wheels, to secure them from 
wearing and breaking 3 as, cart-tire. 

t TIRE, V. t. To adorn 5 to attire 3 to dress, as the head. 

TIRE, V. t. [Sax. teoiian, ateorian, geteorian.] 1. To weary , 
to fatigue ; to exhaust the strength by toil or labor ; as, to 
tire a horse or an ox. 2. To weary 3 to fatigue 3 to ex- 
haust the power of attending, or to exhaust patience with 
dullness or tediousness. — To tire out, to weary or fatigue 
to excess 3 to harass. 

TIRE, v.i. To become weary ; to be fatigued 3 to have the 
strength fail 3 to have the patience exhausted. 

TIRED, pp. Wearied 3 fatigued. 

Tl'RED-NESS, (tird'nes) n. The state of being wearied, 
weariness. 

TiRESoME, a. 1. Wearisome ; fatiguing 3 exhausting the 
strength. 2. Tedious 5 exhausting the patience. 

TiRE'SoME-NESS, 71. The act or quality of tiring or ex- 
hausting strength or patience 5 wearisomeness 3 tedious- 
ness. 

TiRE'WOM-AN, n. [tire and woman.] A woman whose 
occupation is to make head-dresses. Locke. 

TTR'ING, ppr. Wearying 3 fatiguing ; exhausting strength 
or patience. 

TIR'ING-HOUSE, } n. The room or place where players 

TiR'ING-ROOM, \ dress for the stage. 

TIR'WIT, 77. A bird. [L. vayiellus.] Ainsworth. 

'TIS, a contraction of it is. 

TK'rS^\'^ I a. [for p/itMsic,pA«AmcaZ.] Consumptive. 

TIS'IC, n. Consumption 5 morbid waste. 

TIS'RI, n. The first Hebrew month of the civil year, and 
the seventh of the ecclesiastical 5 answering to a part of 
our September and a part of October. 

TISS'UE, (tish'u) n. [Fr. tissu.] 1. Cloth interwoven with 
gold or silver, or with figured colors. — 2. In anatomy, 
texture or organization of parts. 3. A connected series. 

TISS'UE, (tish'u) v. t. To form tissue 3 to interweave 3 to 
variegate. 

TISS'UED, pp. Interwoven; formed with variegated work. 

TISS'U-ING, ppr. Interweaving 3 forming with variegated 
work. 

TIT, n. A small horse, 777 contempt ; a woman, incontempt ; 
a small bird ; a titmouse or tomtit. 

Tl'TAN, or TI-Ta'NI-UM, n. In mineralogy, a metal of 
modern discovery, and of a dark copper color, first found 
in Cornwall in England. 

TT-T A'NrT-AN ) „ . . . ■ 

TI-TA-NIT'I€ °" P^itammg to titamum. 

TI-TA-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [titan, or titanium, and L fero ] 
Producing titanium. Cleaveland. 

TI'TAN-ITE, n. An ore or oxyd of titanium. 

TIT'BIT, 71. A tender piece. See Tidbit. 

TiTH'A-BLE, a Subject to the payment of tithes. 

TITHE, 71. [Sax. teotha.] The tenth part of any thing; but 



See Synops 



A, E, T, O, U, Y, long. 



—FAR, i'ALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete 



TO 



843 



TUG 



appropriately, the tenth part of the increasre annually aris- 
ing from the profits of land and stock, allotted to the clergy 
for their support. 

TITHE, V. t. To levy a tenth part on 5 to tax to the amount 
of a tenth. 

TiTHE, V. i. To pay tithes. Tusser. 

TITHED, pp. Taxed a tenth. 

TiTHE'-EREE, a. Exempt from the paymejw of tithes 

TiTHE'-PAY-ING, a. Paying tithes 3 subjected to pay 
tithes. Franklin. 

TITH'ER, n. One who collects tithes. 

TiTH'ING, ppr. Levying a tax on, to the amount of a 
tenth. 

TITH'ING, n. A decennary ; a number or company of ten 
householders, who, dwelling near each other, were sure- 
ties or free-pledges to the king for the good behavior of 
each other. 

TiTH'ING-MAN, n. {tithing and man.] 1. The chief man 
of a tithing ; a headborough ; one elected to preside over 
the tithing. 2. A peace officer; an under-constable. — 3. 
In Mew England, a parish officer annually elected to pre- 
serve good order in the church during divine service. 

TITH'Y-MAL, n. [Fr. titAi/waZe.l A plant. 

TIT'IL-LATE, v. i. [L. titillo.] To tickle. Pope. 

TIT'IL-LA-TING, ppr. Tickling. 

TIT-IL-La'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. titillatio.] 1. The act of 
tickling; or the state of being tickled. 2. Any slight 
pleasure. 

TIT'LaRK, n. [tit and lark.] A small bird. 

Tl'TLE, n. [L.titulus; It. titolo.] 1. An inscription put 
over any thing as a name by which it is known. 2. The 
inscription in the beginning of a book, containing the sub- 
ject of the work, and sometimes the author's name. — 3. In 
the civil and caiion laws, a chapter or division of a book. 
4. An appellation of dignity, distinction or pre-eminence 
given to persons, as duke. 5. A name ; an appellation. 
6. Right ; or that which constitutes a just cause of exclu- 
sive possession ; that which is the foundation of owner- 
ship. 7. The instrument which is evidence of a right. — 
8. In the canon law, that by which a beneficiary holds a 
benefice. — 9. In ancient church records, a church to which 
a priest was ordained, and where he was to reside. 

Tl'TLE, V. t. To name ; to call ; to entitle. Milton. 

TI'TLED, pp. 1. Called ; named. 2. a. Having a title. 

t Tl'TLE-LESS, a. Not having a title or name. 

Ti'TLE-PAGE, n. [title a..d page.] The page of a book 
which contains its title. 

TI'TLING, ppr. Calling ; denominating ; entitling. 

TITiMOUSE, n. A small bird of the genus parus. 

TIT'TER, V. i. To laugh with the tongue striking against 
the root of the upper teeth ; to laugh with restraint. 

TIT'TER, n. 1. A restrained laugh. 2. A weed. 

TIT'TLE, n. [from tit, small.] A small particle ; a minute 
part ; a jot ; an iota. 

TIT'TLE-TAT-TLE, n. [tattle doubled.] 1. Idle, trifling 
talk; empty prattle. 2. An idle, trifling talker. 

TIT'TLE-TAT-TLE, v. i. To talk idly ; to prate. Sidney. 

TIT'TLE-TAT-TLING, n. The act of prating idly. Sid- 
ney. 

t TIT'U-BATE, t;. i. ['L.tituic] To stumble. Cockeram. 

TIT-U-Ba'TION, 71. [L. titnbo.] The act of stumbling. 

TIT'U-LAR, a. [Fr. titulairc ; L. titulus.] 1. Existing in 
title or name only ; nominal ; having or conferring the 
title only. 2. Having the title to an office or dignity 
without discharging the duties of it. 

TIT'U-LAR, ) n. A person invested with a title, in vir- 

TIT'U-LA-RY, \ tue of which he holds an office or bene- 
fice, whether he performs the duties of it or not. 

IIT-U-LAR'I-TY, w. The state of being titular. Brown. 

TIT'U-LAR-LY, adv. Nominallv ; bv title only. 

TIT'U-LA-RY, a. 1. Consisting in a title. Bacon. 2. Per- 
taining to a title. Bacon. 

TIV'ER, 71. A kind of ochre which is used in marking sheep 
in some parts of England. [Local.] Cyc. 

TIV'ER, II. t. To mark sheep with tiveV, in difierent ways 
and for different purposes. [Local.] 

TIV'ER-ING, ppr. Marking with tiver. [Local.] 

TIV'ER-ING, n. The act or practice of marking with tiver. 
[Local.] Cyc. 

TIv'Y, ofZti.f See Tantivy.] With great speed; a hunts- 
man's word or sound. Dryden. 

TO, prep. [Sax. to ; D. te, or toe ; G. zu ; Ir,, Gaelic, do ; 
Corn, tho.] 1. Noting motion towards a place; opposed 
to from. 2. Noting motion towards a state or condi- 
tion ; as, he is going to a trade. 3. Noting accord or 
adaptation ; as an occupation suited to his taste. 4. 
Noting address or compellation, or the direction of a dis- 
course. 5. Noting attention or application. 6. Noting 
addition. 7. Noting opposition. 8. Noting amount, 
rising to. 9. Noting proportion. 10. Noting possession 
or appropriation. 11. Noting perception. 12. Noting the 
subject of an affirmation. 13. In comparison of. 14. 
As far as. 15. Noting intension. 16. After an adjec- 
tive, noting the object. 17. Noting obligation. 18. Not- 



ing enmity. 19. Towards. 20. Noting effect 0* enu.--- 
21. To, as a sign of the infinitive, precedes the rad 
ical verb. 22. It precedes the radical verb after adjec 
tives, noting the object ; as, ready to go. 23. It precedes 
the radical verb, noting the object. 24. It precedes tlie 
ladical verb, noting consequence. 25. It notes extent, 
degree or end ; as, he languislies to death. 2G. After the 
substantive verb, and with the radical verb, it denotes fu- 
turity, 27. After have, it denotes duty or necessity ; as. 
I have a debt to pay. — 28. To-day, to-night, to-morruw, are 
peculiar phrases derived from our ancestors. To, in the two 
first, has the sense or force of this ; this day, this night. — To 
and fro, backward and forward. — To the face, in presence 
of; "not in the absence of. [JVofe. — In the foregoing ex- 
planation of to, it is to be considered that the definition 
given is not always the sense of to by itself, but the sense 
rather of the word preceding it, or connected with it, or 
of to in connection with other words. In general, to is 
used in the sense of moving towards a place, or towards 
an object, or it expresses direction towards a place, end, 
object or purpose.] — To is often used adverbially, to modi- 
fy the sense of verbs ; as, to contie to ; to heave to. 

ToAD, n. [Sax. tads, tadige.'^ A paddoc, an animal of the 
genus rana, the rana bufo of Linne ; a small, clumsy 
animal, the body warty, thick and disgusting to the sight, 
but perfectly harmless. 

ToAD'-eAT-ER, n. A vulgar name given to a fawning, 
obsequious parasite ; a mean sycophant. 

TOAD'-FISH, n. [toad and fish.] A fish of the genus lo- 
phius, the fishir^g frog. Cyc. 

ToAD'-FLAX, n. [toad and jZaz.] A plant ; snap-dragon. 

fToAD'ISH, a. Like a toad. Stafford. 

ToAD'-STONE, n. In mineralogy, a sort of trap rock. 

ToAD'-STOOL, n. A sort of fungous plant that grows in 
moist and rich grounds like a mushroom. 

ToAST, V. t. [Sp., Port, tostar.] 1. To dry and scorch by 
the heat of afire. 2. To warm thoroughly ; [l.u.] 3. To 
name when a health is drank ; to drink to the healtli in 
honor of. 

ToAST, n. 1. Bread dried and scorched by the fire ; or such 
bread dipped in melted butter, or in some liquor. 2. A 
female whose health is drank in honor or respect. 3. He 
or that which is named in honor in drinking. 

ToAST'ED, pp. Scorched by heat ; named in drinking the 
health. 

ToAST'ER, n. 1. One who toasts. 2. An instrument for 
toasting bread or cheese. 

ToAST'lNG, ppr. Scorching by fire ; drinking to the honor 
of. 

TO-BAC'€0, n. [so named from Tabaco, a province of Yu- 
catan, in Spanish America, where it was first found by 
the Spaniards,] A plant, a native of America, of the genus 
nicotiana, much used for smoking and chewing and in 
snufi". 

t TO-BACeO-NING, a. Smoking tobacco. Bp. Hall. 

TO-BA€'€0-NIST, n. A dealer in tobacco ; also, a manu- 
facturer of tobacco. 

TO-BA€'CO-PIPE, n. A pipe used for smoking tobacco. 

TO-BAC'CO-PIPE CLAY, n. A species of clay. 

TO-BA€'CO-PIPE FISH, n. The needle-fish. 

TOCK'AY, n. A species of spotted lizard in India. 

TOCSIN, 7). [Fr.] An alarm bell, or the ringing of a bell 
for the purpose of alarm. 

TOD, n. [Gaelic, tod.] 1. A bush ; a thick shrub ; [obs.] 2, 
A quantity of wool of twenty-eight pounds, or two stone, 

3. A fox. 

tTOD, V. t. To weigh ; to produce a tod. Shak. 

TO-DAY', ?i. [to and day.] The present day. 

TOD'DLE, V. i. To saunter about ; It implies feebleness, 
quasi tottle. Pegge. 

TOD'DY, n. 1. A juice drawn from various kinds of the 
palm in the E. Indies ; or a liquor prepared from it. 2. A 
mixture of spirit and water sweetened. 

To'DY, n. A genus of insectivorous birds. Cyc. 

ToE, 71. [Sax. to ; G. ?-^hc ; Sw. ta ; Dan. taae.] 1. One of 
the small members which form the extremity of the foot, 
corresponding to a finger on the hand. 2. The fore part 
of the hoof of a horse, and of other hoofed animals. 3, 
The member of a beast's foot corresponding to the toe in 
man. 

f TO-FoRE', prep, or adv. [Sax. toforan ; to and /ore.] Be- 
fore ; formerly. Shak. 

TOFT, 71. 1. A grove of trees. Cyc. 2. [Dan. tofte, or tomt.] 
In lain hooks, a place where a messuage has stood, but is 
decayed. 

To'FUS. Sec Tophus. 

To'GA-TED, I a. [L. toga, a gown ; togatus, gowned.] 

To'GED, \ Gowned^; dressed in a gown ; wearing a 
gown ; as, toged consuls. Shak. 

TO-GETH'ER', adv. [Sax. togcethre; to and gather.] 1. In 
company. 2. In or into union. 3. In the same place. 

4. In the same time. 5. In concert. 6. Into junction or 
a state of union.— ro^et/ier with, in union with ; in com- 
pany or mixture with. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoA^^E j— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH , TH as in this, t Cbsolete 



TOL 



844 



TON 



1 0G'GEL, n. A gmall wooden pin tapering towards both 
ends. Mar. Diet. 

TOIL, v.i, [Sax. teolan, tiolan,] To labor; to work ; to 
exert strength with pain and fatigue. Luke v. 

TOIL, V t. 1. To toil nut, to labor ; to work out. Milton. 
2. To weary ; to overlabor ; [ois.] Shak. 

TOIL, n. Labor with pain and fatigue ; labor that oppresses 
the body or mind. 

TOIL, n. [Fr. toiles.} A net or snare ; any thread, web or 
string spread for taking prey. U Estrange. 

TOIL'ER, n. One who toils, or labors with pain. 

TOIL'ET, n. [Fr. toilette.] 1. A covering or cloth of linen, 
silk or tapestry, spread over a table in a chamber or 
dressing-room. 2. A dressing table. Pope. 

TOIL'ING, ppr. Laboring with pain. 

T0ILB6ME, a. 1. Laborious ; wearisome; attended with 
fatigue and pain. 2. Producing toil. 

TOIL'SoME-NESS, n. Laboriousness ; wearisomeness. 

TOISE, (tois) n. [Fr.] A fathom or long measure in France, 
containing six French feet. 

TO-KaY', n. A kind of wine produced at Tokay in Hun- 
gary, made of white grapes. 

To'KEN, (to'kn) n. [Sax. tacn, tacen ,• Goth, taikns ; D. 
teeken.] 1. A sign ; something intended to represent or 
indicate another thing or an event. 2. A mark. 3. A 
memorial of friendship ; something by which the friend- 
ship of another person is to be kept in mind. — 4. In coin- 
age, tokens were coins struck in the reign of Elizabeth. — 
5. In printing, ten quires of paper ; an extra quire is 
usually added to every other token, when counted out for 

tilG Dr6SS> 

f To'KEN,'?;. t. To make known. Shak. 

To'KENED, a. Being marked with spots. Shak. 

ToL, V. t. [L. tollo.'] To take away ; a law term. Cyc. 

To'LA, n. In India, a weight for gold and silver. 

ToLD,pre«. andpj?. of tell. Oen. iii. 

ToL-BOOTH. See Toll-booth. 

TOLE, V. t. To draw or cause to follow by presenting some- 
thing pleasing or desirable to view ; to allure by some bait. 

ToLED, VP' Drawn ; allured ; induced to follow. 

T0-Le'D0,71. [from To/e^fo in Spain.] A sword of the finest 
T-^ledo temper. B. Jonson. 

TOL'ER-A-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. tolerahilis.'] 1. That may be 
borne or endured ; supportable, either physically or men- 
tally. 2. Moderately good or agreeable ; not contempti- 
ble ; not very excellent or pleasing. Swift. 

TOL'ER-A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being tolerable. 

TOL'ER-A-BLY, adu. 1. Supportably ; in a manner to be 
endured. 2 Moderately well ; passably ; not perfectly. 

TOL'ER-ANCE, 71. [L. tolerantia.] The power or capacity 
of enduring; or the act of enduring. Bacon. 

TOL'ER-ANT, a. Enduring; favoring toleration. 

TOL'ER-ATE, ?). «, [Fi: tolerer ; Ij. tolero.] To suffer to be 
or to be done without prohibition or hinderance ; to allow 
or permit negatively, bv not preventing ; not to restrain. 

TOL'ER-A-TED, pp. Suffered ; allowed ; not prohibited or 
restrained. 

TOL'ER-A-TING, ppr. Enduring ; suffering to be or to be 
done; allowing; not restraining. 

TOL-ER-A'TION, ?i. [L. toleratio.] The act of tolerating; 
the allowance of that which is not wholly approved ; 
appropriately, the allowance of religious opinions and 
modes of worship in a state, when contrary to or different 
from those of the established church or belief. 

Toll, n. [Sax. toll ,■ D. tol ; Sw. tull ; Dan. told ; G. loll ; 
W.toll.] 1. A tax paid for some liberty or privilege. 2. A 
liberty to buy and sell within the bounds of a manor. 3. 
A portion of grain taken by a miUer as a compensation for 
grinding. 

Toll, v. i. l. To pay toll or tallage. Shak. 2. To take 
toll, as by a miller. Tusser. 

Toll, w. (. \\Y.tol,tnlo.'] To sound or ring, as a bell, with 
strokes uniformly repeated at intervals, as at funerals. 

Toll, v. t. To cause a bell to sound with strokes slowly 
and uniformly repeated. 

Toll, v. t. [L. tollo.] l. To take away ; to vacate; to an- 
nul; a law term. 2. To draw ; see Tole. 

TOLL, V. A particular sounding of a bell. 

Toll -BAR. n. [toll and bar.] A bar or beam used for 
stopping passengers at the toll-house. 

ToLL'-BOOTH, v. [toll and booth.] 1. A place where goods 
are weighed to ascertain the duties or toll. 2. A prison. 

ToLL'-BOOTH, V. t. To imprison in a toll-booth. Corbet. 

ToLL-BRIDGE, n. A bridge where toll is paid for passing it. 

T6T.LT*lSri, 7i. [toll and dish.] A vessel by which the toll 
of corn for grinding is measured. Beaumont and Fletcher. 

ToLL'-GATE, 7i. A gate where toll is taken. 

Toll -GATH-ER-ER, n. The man who takes toll. 

I oLL'-HOUSE, n. A house or shed in which the man who 
takes the toll remains. 

ToLL'ER, n. 1. One who collects tribute, or taxes ; a toll- 
gatherer. Barret. 2. One who tolls a bell. 

roLL'lNG, ppr. 1. Causing to sound in a slow, grave man- 
ner. 2. Taking away ; removing. 3. Sounding, as a bell 



tToL'SEY, 71. The same with toll-bootb. Diet. 

To'LU BAL'SAM, n. Balsam of Tolu. Cyc. 

t TOL-U-Ta'TION, n. [L. toluto.] A pacing or ambling. 

TOM'A-HAWK, n. An Indian hatchet. 

TOM'A-HAWK, v. t. To cut or kill with a tomahawk. 

TO-Ma'TO, n. A plant, and its fruit, a species of solanum. 
It is called sometimes the love-apple. 

T5MB, (toom) n. [Fr. tombs, tombeau; W torn, iomen, 
twm, twmp ; Ir. tuoma ; Sp. tumba ; L. tumulus.] 1. A 
grave ; a pit in which the dead body of a human being is 
deposited. 2. A house or vault formed wholly or partly 
in the earth, with walls and a roof for the reception of the 
dead. 3. A monument erected to preserve the memory 
of the dead. 

TOMB, (toom) v. t. To bury ; to inter. See Entomb. 

TOM'BAe, 71. A white alloy of copper. 

ToMB'LESS, a. Destitute of a tomb or sepulchral monu- 
ment. 

TOM'BOY, 71. [Tom, Thomas, and boy.] A rude, boisterous 
boy ; also, m sarcasm, a romping girl. [ F'ulgar.] 

ToMB'STONE, n. A stone erected over a grave, to pre- 
serve the memory of the deceased ; a monument. 

TOME, n. [Fr.] A book ; as many writings as are bound in 
a volume, forming the part of a larger work. 

TO-MENT'OUS, a. [L. tomentum.] In botany, downy ; nap- 
py ; cottony ; or flocky. Lee. 

TO-MOR'ROW, 71. [to and morrow.] The day after the 
present. Franklin. 

TOM'PION, n. [Fr. tampon.] The stopper of a cannon. 
See Tampion. 

TOM RIG, 71. A rude, wild, wanton girl ; a tomboy. Dennis 

TOM'TIT, n. A little bird, the titmouse. 

TON, the termination of names of places, is town. 

TON, 71. [Fr.] The prevailing fashion. 

T6N, (tun) n. [Sax. timna ; Fr. tonne ; Sp. tonel.] The 
weight of twenty hundred gross. See Tun. 

TONE, 7). [Fr. to a ; Sp. tono ; It. tmno ; Sw., G. ton ; D. 
toon ; Dan. tone ; L. tontis.] 1. Sound, or a modification 
of sound ; any impulse or vibration of the ah which is 
perceptible by the ear. 2. Accent ; or, rather, a particu- 
lar inflection of the voice, adapted to express emotion or 
passion ; a rhetorical sense of the word. E. Porter. 3. A 
whining sound ; a whine ; a kind of mournful strain of 
voice. 4. An affected sound in speaking. — 5. In music, 
an interval of sound ; as, the difference between the dia- 
pente and diatessaion is a tone. 6. The tone of an instru- 
ment is its peculiar sound with regard to softness, even- 
ness and the like. — 7. In medicine,\haX state of organiza- 
tion in a body, in which the animal functions are healthy 
and performed with due vigor. 

TONE, V. t. 1. To utter with an affected tone. 2. To tune 
See Tune. 

ToNED, a. Having a tone ; used in composition. 

ToNE'LESS, a. Having no tone ; unmusical. Entick. 

ToNE'-SYL-LA-BLE, n. An accented syllable. M. Stuart. 

fToNG, 7!. [See Tongs.] The catch of a buckle. [See 
Tongue.] Spenser. 

TONGS, n. plu. [Sax., Dan., D. tang ; G. zange ; Sw. tang ; 
Ice. taung.] An instrument of metal, consisting of two 
parts or long shafts joined at one end, used for handling 
things, particularly fire or heated metals. 

TONGUE, ) n. [Sax. tung, tunga ; Goth, tuggo ; Sw.tunga; 

TUNG, \ Dan. tunge : D. tong.] 1. In man, the instru- 
ment of taste, and the chief instrument of speech ; and, in 
other animals, the instrument of taste. 2. Speech ; dis- 
course ; sometimes, fluency of speech. 3. The power of 
articulate utterance ; speech. 4. Speech, as well or ill- 
used ; mode of speaking. 5. A language ; the whole sum 
of words used by a particular nation. 6. Speech ; words 
or declarations only. 7. A nation, as distinguished by 
their language. 8. A point ; a projection. 9. A point, or 
long, narrow strip of land, projecting from the main into a 
sea or a lake. 10. The taper part of any thing ; inthe?-ig-- 
ging of a ship, a short piece of rope spliced into the upper 
part of standing back-stays, &c. to the size of the mast 
head. — To hold the tongue, to be silent. Addison. 

T6NGUE, (tung) v. t. To chide ; to scold. 

Tongue, ^■. i. To talk ; to prate. Shak. 

T6NGUED, a. Having a tongue. Donne. 

ToNGUE'-GRaFT-ING, n. A mode of grafthig by insert- 
ing the end of a cion in a particular manner. 

T6NGUELESS, a. I. Having no tongue. 2. Speechless. 
3. Unnamed ; [obs.] 

t ToNGUE'PAD, v.. A great talker. Tatler. 

ToNGUE'-SHaPED, a. In botany, a tongue-shaped leaf is 
linear and flesh}', blunt at the end, convex underneath, 
and havingusually a cartilaginous border. 

ToNGUE'-TlE, v. t. To deprive of speech or the power of 
speech, or of distinct articulation. 

ToNGUE'-TIED, a. 1. Destitute of the power of distinct 
articulation ; having an impediment in the speech. 2. 
Unable to speak freely, from whatever cause. Shak. 

TON'I€, a. [from Gr. tovo? ; L. tonus.] 1 Literally, in- 
creasing tension ; hence, increasing strength ; as, tonic 



A, E, T, O, V, -?, long.—FAJi, FALL, VfHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— t Obsolete 



Sfe Synifpsis. 



TOP 



845 



TOP 



power. — 2. In 7nedidiie, increasing strength, or the tone 
of the animal system 5 obviating the effects of debility, 
and restoring healthy functions. 3. Relating to tones or 
sounds. 4. Extended ; [obs.] 

TON'I€, n, 1. A medicine that increases the tone of the 
muscular fibre, and gives vigor and action to the system. 
— 2. [Fr. tonique.] In m-iisic, the key-note pr principal 
sound which generates all the rest. — 3. In music, a cer- 
tain degree of tension, or the sound produced by a vocal 
string in a given degree of tension. 

TO-NlGHT', n. [to and night.] The present night, or the 
night after the present day. 

ToN'NAGE, n. 1. The weight of goods carried in a boat or 
ship. 2. The cubical content or burthen of a ship in tuns ; 
or the amount of weight which she may carry. 3. A duty 
or impost on ships, estimated per tun ; or a duty, toll or 
rate payable on goods per tun, transported on canals. 

TON'SIL, n [L. tojisillcs.] In anatomy, a glandular body at 
the passage from the mouth to the pharynx. 

TON'SIL, a That may be clipped. Mason. 

TON'SURE, (ton'shure) n. [Fr. ; L. tonsura.] 1. The act 
of clipping the hair, or of shaving the head ; or the state 
of beijig shorn. — 2. In the Romish church, tonsure is the 
first ceremony used for devoting a person to the service of 
God and the church. — 3. In the Romish church, the corona 
or crown which priests wear as a mark of their order and 
of their rank in the church. 

TON-TiNE', n. [Fr. tontine.'] An annuity on survivorship ; 
or a loan raised on life-annuities, with the benefit of sur- 
vivorship. 

To'NY, 71. A simpleton. {Ludicrous.] Dryden. 

TOO, adv. [Sax. to.] 1. Over ; more than enough ; noting 
excess ; as, too high. 2. Likewise ; also ; in addition. 
Pope. 3. Too, too, repeated, denotes excess emphati- 
cally. 

TOOK, pret of take. Oen. v. 

TOOL, n. [Sax. tol.] 1. An instrument of manual opei*.- 
tion, particularly such as is used by farmers and me- 
chanics. 2. A person used as an instrument by another 
person ; a word of reproach. 

TOOL, V. t. To shape with a tool. Entick. 

t TOOM, a. Empty. WicUffe. 

TOOT, V. i. [Sax. totian ; D. toeten.] 1. To stand out, or 
be prominent 5 [obs.] Howell. 2. To make a particular 
noise with the tongue articulating with the root of the 
upper teeth, at the beginning and end of the sound 3 also, 
to sound a horn in a particular manner. 3. To p'^ep ; to 
look narrowly ; [obs.] Spenser. 

TOOT, V. t. To sound ; as, to toot the horn. 

TOOT'ER, n. One who plays upon a pipe or horn. 

TOOTH, n. ; plu. Teeth. [Sax. toth, plu. teth.] 1 A bony 
substance growing out of the jaws of animals, and serv- 
ing as the instrument of mastication. 2. Taste ; palate. 
Dryden. 3. A tine ; a prong ; something pointed and re- 
sembling an animal tooth ; as, the tooth of a rake, a comb, 
a card, a harrow, a saw, or of a wheel. — Tooth and nail, 
[by biting and scratching,] with one's utmost power j by 
all possible means. U Estrange. — To the teeth, in open 
opposition ; directly to one's face. — To cast in the teeth, to 
retort reproachfully ; to insult to the face.— /ra spite of the 
teeth, in defiance of opposition ; in opposition to every 
effort. — To show the teeth, to threaten. Young. 

TOOTH, ?7.i. 1. To furnish with teeth. 2. To indent 3 to 
cut into teeih ; to jagg. 3. To lock into each other. 

TOOTH'aCHE, n. Pain in the teeth. 

TOOTH'A€HE-TBEi:, n. A shrub. Lee. 

TOOTH'-DR A W-ER, n. [tooth and draw.] One whose 
business is to extiact teeth with instruments. 

TOOTH'-DRAW-ING, n. The act of extracting a tooth 3 
the practice of extracting teeth. 

TOOTHED, pp. or a. Having teeth or jaggs. In botany, 
dentate ; having projecting points. 

TOOTH'-EDGE, «. The sensation excited by grating 
sounds, and by the touch of certain substances. 

t TOOTH'FUL, a. Palatable. 

TOOTH'LESS, a. Having no teeth. Dryden. 

TOOTH'LET-TED, a. In botany, denticulate 3 having very 
small teeth or notches, as a leaf. Martyn. 

rOOTH'PIOK, \ n. An instrument for cleaning the 

TOOTH'PI€K-ER, \ teeth of substances lodged between 
them. 

TOOTH'SoME, a. Palatable; grateful to the taste. Carew. 

TOOTH'SoME-NESS, n. Pleasantness to the taste. 

TOOTH'WoRT, n. A plant. Cyc. 

TOOTH'Y, a. Toothed ; having teeth. Croxall. 

TOOT'ING, ppr. Sounding in a particular manner. 

TOP, n. [Sax., D., Dan. top ; Sw. topp.] 1. The highest 
part of any thing ; the upper end, edge or extremity. 2. 
Surface ; upper side. 3, The highest place, 4. The 
highest person ; the chief. 5. The utmost degree. 6. 
The highest rank. 7. The crown or upper surface of the 
head. 8. I'he hair on the crown of the head ; the fore- 
lock. Shak. 9. Tne head of a plant. Watts. 10. [G. 
topf.] An inverted conoid which children play with by 



. whirling it on its point, continuing the motion with a 
whip. — II, In ship-building, a sort of platform, surround- 
ing the head of ihe lower mast and projectmg on all 
sides. 

TOP'-aR-MOR, n. In ships, a railing on the top, supported 
by stanchions and equipped with netting. 

TOP'-BLO€K, n. In ships, a block hung to an eye-bolt in 
the cap,_used in swaying and lowering the top-mast. 

TOP'-CHaIN, n. In ships, a chain to sling the lower yards 
in time of action, to prevent their falling when the ropes, 
by which they are hung, are shot away. 

TOP'-tlLOTH, n. In ships, a piece of canvas used to cover 
the hammocks which are lashed to the top in action 

TOP'-DRaIN-ING, n. The act or practice of draining the 
surface of land. 

TOP'-DRESS-ING, n. A dressing of manure laid on the 
surface of land. Cyc. 

TOP'-FULL, a. Full to the brim. Watts. 

TOP-GAL'LANT, a. 1. See Top-sail. 2. Highest; ele- 
vated 3 splendid. 

TOP'-HEAV-Y, (top'-hev-y) a. [top and heavy.] Having 
the top or upper part too heavy tor the lower. Wottun. 

TOP'-KjNOT, n. [top and knot.] A knot worn by females 
on the top of the head. 

TOP'LESS, a. Having no top ; as, a topless height. 

TOP'MAN, 71. 1. The man who stands above, in sawing. — 
2. In ships, a man standing in the top. 

TOP'-MaST, n. In ships, the second mast, or that which 
is next above the lower mast. Above it is the top-gal- 
lant-mast. 

TOP'-MoST, a. [top and most.] Highest 3 uppermost. 

TOP'-PROUD, a. Proud to the highest degree. Shak. 

TOP'-ROPE, n. A rope to sway up a top-mast, &c. 

TOP'-SAIL, 7!. A sail extended across the top-mast, above 
which is the top-gallant-sail. 

TOP'-SHaPED, a. In botany, turbinate. 

TOP'-SOIL-ING, n. The act or art of taking off" the top-soil 
of land, before a canal is begun. 

TOPi-STONE, n. A stone that is placed on the top, or 
which forms the top. 

TOP'-TA€-KLE, n. A large tacKle hooked to the lowei 
end of the top-mast top-rope and to the deck. 

TOP, V. i. 1. To rise aloft ; to be eminent. 2. To predom- 
inate. 3. To excel 3 to rise above others. 

TOP, v.t. 1. To cover on the top ; to tip ; to cap. 2. To 
rise above. 3. To outgo ; to surpass. 4. To crop ; to take 
off" the top or upper part. 5. To rise to the top of. 6. To 
perform eminently ; [obs.] 

To'PAN, 71. A name of the horned Indian raven. 

To PAR€H, n. [Gr. tottcj, place, and ap^os, a chief.] The 
principal man in a place or country. 

To'PAR-€HY, n. A little state, consisting of a few cities 
or towns : a petty country governed by a toparch. 

TO'PAZ, 7!. [Gr. TOJTa^iov.] A mineral, said to be so called 
from Topaios, a small isle in the Arabic gulf. 

TO-PAZ'O-LITE, 71. A variety of precious garnet, of a 
topaz-yellow color, or an olive-green. Ure. 

TOPE, n. A fish ofthe shark kind. Cyc. 

TOPE, V. i. [Fr. toper.] To drink hard 3 to drink strong or 
spirituous liquors to excess. Dryden. 

To'PER, n. One who drinks to excess ; a drunkard 3 a sot 

TOP'ET, n. A small bud, the crested tit-mouse. 

TOPH, or TOPH'IN, n. A kind of sandstone. 

TO-PHa'CEOUS, a. Gritty ; sandy ; rough 3 stony. 

To'PHET, n. [Heb. Dfin tophet, a drum.] Hell 3 so called 
from a place east of Jerusalem, where children were burnt 
to Moloch, and where drums were used to drown their 
cries. 

To'PHI, n. Ducksten ; a stone formed by earthy deposi- 
tions 3 called, also, tufa or trass. 

TOPT-A-RY, a. [L. topiarias.] Shaped by cutting. 

TOF'I€, n. [Gr. Toiioi ; L. topicus, topica.] 1. Any subject 
of discourse or argument.— 2. In rhetoric, a probable argu- 
ment drawn from the several circumstances and places 
of a fact. 3. Principle of persuasion.— 4. In medicine, an 
external remedy 5 a remedy to be applied outwardly to a 
particular part of the body, as a plaster. 

TOP'I€, ) a. 1. Pertaining to a place ; limited ; local. 

TOP'I-€AL, \ 2. Pertaining to a topic or subject of dis- 
course, or to a general head. 

TOP'I-€AL-LY, adv. 1. Locally ; with limitation to a part. 
2. With application to a particular part. 

TO-POG'RA-PHER, n. One who describes a particular 
place, town, city or tract of land. 

TOP-O-GRAPH'ie, I a. Pertaining to topography ; de- 

TOP-O-GRAPH'I-eAL, \ scriptive of a place. 

TOP-0-GRAPH'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of topog- 
raphy. 

TO-POG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. ronog and ypacpr].] The descrip- 
tion of a particular place, city, town, manor, parish or 
tract of land. 

TOPPED, or TOPT, pp. or a Covered on the top 3 capped 
surpassed 3 cropped 3 having the top cut off". 



• Sec Synopsis. MOVE BQOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; "f H as in tJiis, t Obsole 



TOR 



846 



TOT 



f OPTING, ppr, 1 Covering the top j capping ; surpass- 
ing ; cropping ; lopping. 2. a. Fine ; gallant. Johnson. 
3. Proud ; assuming superiority. [JV'ew England.] 

TOP'PING, n. In seamen^s language, tlie act of pulling one 
extremity of a yard higher than the other. 

TOP'PING-LIFT, 71. A large, strong tackle employed to 
suspend or top the outer end of a gaff, or of the boom of a 
main-sail, in a brig or schooner. 

TOP'PING-LY, ady. Proudly 5 with airs of disdain. [Low.] 

TOP'PLE, V. i. To fall forward ; to pitch or tumble down. 

TOP'PLE, V. t. To throw down. Shak. 

TOP'PLING, jipr. Falling forward. 

TOP'S Y-TTJR'VY, adv. In aii inverted posture 3 with the 
top or head downwards. South. 

ToaUE, (tok) ) n. [Fr. a cap.] A kind of bonnet or 

TO-aUET', (to-ka') \ head-dress for women. 

TOR, n. [Sax. tor ,■ L. tun-is.'] A tower 3 a turret 5 also, a 
high, pointed hill ; used in names. 

TORCH, n. [It. torcia ; Sp. antorcha ; Fr. torche ; D. 
toorts.] A light or luminary formed of some combustible 
substance, as of resinous wood or of candles. 

TORCH'-BEaR-ER, n. [torch and bear.] One whose office 
is to caiTy a torch. Sidney. 

t TORCH'ER, n. One that gives light. Shak. 

TORCH'-LTGHT, TO. I The light of a torch or of torches. 
2. A light kindled to supply the want of the sun. 

TORCH'-THIS-TLE, 71. A plant of the genus cactus 

TORCH'-WoRT, 71. A plant. .More. 

TORE, pret. of tear / as, he to?-e his robe. 

TORE, n. [perhaps from tear.] The dead grass that re- 
mains on mowing land in winter and spring. 

TORE, n. [L. torus.] In architecture, a large, round mold- 
ing on the base of a column. Cyc. 

TO-REU-MA-TOG'EA-PHY, n. [Gr. ropevna and ■ypa^iri.'] 
A description of ancient sculptures and basso-relievos. 

TOR'MENT, 71. [Fr. tourment ; L. tormentum ; It., Sp. 
tormento.] 1. Extreme pain ; anguish ; the utmost degree 
of misery, either of body or mind. 2. That which gives 
pain, vexation or misery. 3. An engine for casting 
stn"^es. 

TOR-MENT', V. t. 1. To put to extreme pain or anguish ; 
to inflict excruciating pain and misery, either of body or 
mind. 2. To pain; to distress. 3. To tease ; to vex 3 to 
harass. 4. To put into great agitation 3 [unusual.] 

TOR-MENT ED, pp. Pained to extremity 3 teased. 

TOR-]\[ENT'IL, n. [Ft. tormentiile j It. tor mentilla.] A 
genus of plants, the septfoil. Cyc. 

TOR-MENT'ING, ppr. Paining to an extreme degree 3 in- 
flicting severe distress and anguish 3 teasing. 

TOR-MENT'ING, n. In agriculture, an imperfect sort of 
horse-hoeing. Cyc. 

TOR-MENT'OR, n. 1. He or that which torments; one 
who inflicts penal anguish or tortures.— 2. In agriculture, 
an instrument for reducing a stiff soil. 

Torn, pp. of tear. Ex. xxii. 

TOR-Na'DO, n. [Sp., Port, toriiada.] A violent gust of 
wind, or a tempest, distinguished by a whirling motion. 

Tg'ROUS, a. [L. torosus.] In botany, protuberant 3 swell- 
ing iii_knobs, like the veins and muscles. Marty n. 

TOR-Pe'DO, n. [L.] The cramp-fish or electric ray. 

TOR'PENT, a. [L. terpens, torpeo.] Benumbed ; torpid 5 
having no motion or activity ; incapable of motion. 

TOR'PENT, 71. In medicine, that which diminishes the ex- 
ertion of the irritative motions. Darwin. 

TOR-PES'CENCE, n. A state of insensibility 5 torpidness5 
numbness ; stupidity. 

TOR-PES'CENT, a. [L. torpescens.] Becoming torpid. 

TOR'PID, a. [Ij. torpidus.] I. Having lost motion or the 
power of exertion and feeling 3 numb. 2. Dull 3 stupid 3 
sluggish 3 inactive. 

TOR-PID'I-TY, 71. Torpfdness. 

TOR'PID-NESS, I n. 1. The state of being torpid 3 numb- 

TOR'PI-TUDE, \ ness. T'or/jidHess may amount to total 
insensibility or loss of sensation. 2. Dullness ; iiiactivity 3 
sluggishness ; stupidity. 

TOR'POR, n. [L.] 1. Numbness ; inactivity ; loss of mo- 
tion, or of the power of motion. 2. Dullness 5 laziness 3 
slu2gishness5 stupidity. 

rOR->0-RIF'IC, a. [L. torpor and /acio.] Tending to pro- 
duce torpor. 

TOR-RE-F ACTION, n. [Fr. 5 L. torrefacio.] 1. The op- 
eration of drying by a fire. — 2. In metallurgy, the opera- 
tion of roasting ores. — 3. In pharmacy, the drying or 
roasting of drugs on a metalline plate, plpced over or be- 
fore coals of fire, till they become friable to the fingers. 

TOR'RE-FlED, pp. Dried 3 roasted ; scorched. 

TOR'PE-Fy, v.t. [\j. torrefacio ; Yx. torrefier.] 1. To dry 
by a fire. Brown. — 2. In metallurgy, to roast or scorch, as 
metallic ores. — 3. In pharmacy, to dry or parch, as drugs, 
on a metalline plate till they are friable, or are reduced to 
any state desired. 

TOR'RE-FY-ING, ppr. Drying by a fire ; roasting. 

TOPi-'RENT, 7!. [li.torrens.] 1. A violent rushing stream 
of water or other fluid 3 a strearrv suddenly raised and 



running rapidly, as down a precipice 2. A violent o» 
rapid stream 3 a strong current. 

TOR'RENT, a. Rolling or rushing in a rapid stream. 

TOR-RI-CEL'LI-AN, a. Pertainmg to Torricelli. 

TOR'RID, a. [L. torridxLs.] 1. Parched 5 dried with heat 
2. Violently hot 3 burning or parching. 

TOR'RID-NESS, ?;. The state of being very hot or parched. 

TORSE, 7!. [Fr. torse ; L. tortus.] In heraldry, a wreath. 

TOR'SEL, n. Any thing in a twisted form. Moxon. 

TOR'SION, 7i. [L. torsio.] The act of turning or twisting 
— Torsion balance, an instrument for estimating very mi- 
nute forces. 

TOR'SO, 7!. [It.] The trunk of a statue, mutilated of head 
and limbs 3 as, the torso of Hercules. 

TOR'STEN, 71. An iron ore of a bright bluish-black, &c. 

TORT, 7(. [Fr. 5 L. tortus.] 1. In law, any wrong or in- 
jury." 2. Mischief; calamity. Spenser. 

TORT'iLE, ) a. [L. tortilis.] Twisted 3 wreathed 3 coiled 

TORT'IL, \ In botany, coiled like a rope. 

t TOR'TION, 71. [L. tortus.] Torment 3 pain. Bacon. 

TOR'TIOUS, a. 1. Injurious ; done by wrong.— 2. In law, 
implying toil, or injury for which the law gives damages. 

TORT'lVE, a. [L. tortus.] Twisted 3 wreathed. Shak. 

TOR'TOISE, (tortis) 7?. ['L. tortus.] 1. An animal of the 
genus testudo, covered with a shell or crust. — 2. In the 
military art, a defense used by the ancients, formed by 
the troops arranging themselves in close order and placing 
their bucklers over their heads, making a cover resem- 
bling a tortoise-shell. 

TORTOISE-SHELL, 71. The shell or rather scales of the 
tortoise, used in inlaying and in various manufactures. 

TORT-U-OS'I-TY, n. [from toTtuo%Ls.] The state of being 
twisted or wreathed 3 wreath 3 flexure. 

TORT'U-OUS, c. [-L.tortuosus : Yr.tortueux.] ]. Twist- 
ed ; wreathed 3 winding. 2. Tortious ; [obs.] Spenser. 

TORT'U-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being twisted. 

TORT'URE, 7(. [Fr. torture ; It., Sp. tortura.] I. Extreme 
pain 3 anguish of body or mind ; pang 3 agony 3 torment. 
2. Severe pain inflicted judicially, either as a punishment 
for a crime, or for the purpose of extorting a confession 
from an accused person. 

TORT'URE, V. t. 1. To pain to extremity 3 to torment 
2. To punish with torture 3 to put to the rack. 3. To 
vex 3 to harass. 4. To keep on the stretch, as a bow 3 
[obs.] 

TORT'LTRED, pp. Tormented 3 stretched on the wheel. 

TORT'UR-ER, n. One who tortures 5 a tormentor. 

TORT'UR-ING, ppr. Tormenting 3 stretching on the rack 

TORT'UR-ING-LY, adv. So as to torture or torment 
Beaumont. 

f TORT'UR-OUS, a. Tormenting. More. 

TOR'U-LOSE, a. In botany, swelling a little. Martyn. 

To'RUS, 7(. A molding. See Tore. 

TORV'I-TY, 7!. [L. fort' if as.] Sourness or severity of coun- 
tenance. 

TORV'OUS, a. [L. torvus.] Sour of aspect 3 stern 3 of a 
severe countenance. Derham. 

To'RY, n. [said to be an Irish word, denoting a robber.] 
The name given to an adherent to the ancient constitu- 
tion of EnglEjid and to the ecclesiastical hierarchy. — In 
America, during the revolution, those who opposed the 
war, and favored the claims of Great Britain, were called 
tories. 

ToRY-ISM, 77. The principles of the tories. 

TOSE, V. t. To tease wool. [Mot in use, or local.] 

TOSS, v'. t. ; pret. and pp. tossed, or tost. [W. tosiaw.] 1. 
To throw with the hand -j^ particularly, to throw with the 
palm of the hand upward, or to throw upward. 2. To 
throw with violence. 3. To lift or throw up with a sud- 
den or violent motion. 4. To cause to rise and fall. 5. 
To move one way and the other. Prov. xxi. 6. To ad 
tate 3 to make restless. 7. To keep in play 5 to tumble 
over. 

TOSS, V. i. 1. To fling 5 to roll and tumble 3 to writhe 3 to 
be in violent commotion. 2. To be tossed. — To toss up, is 
to throw a coin into the air and wager on what side it 
will fall. 

TOSS, n. 1. A throwing upward or with a jerk ; the act 
of tossing. 2. A throwing up of the head 3 a particular 
manner of raising the head Vvith a jerk. 

TOSSED, pp. Thrown upward suddenly or with a jerk ; 
made to rise and fall suddenly. 

TOSS EL. Sec Tassel. 

TOSS'ER, n. One who tosses. 

TOSS'ING, ppr. Throwing upward with a jerk. 

TOSS'ING, ?(. The act of throwing upward 3 a rising and 
falling suddenly 3 a rolling and tumbling. Milton. 

TOSS'-POT, 71. A toper 3 one given to strong drink. 

TOST, pret. and fp. of toss. Milton. 

To'TAL, a. [Fr. ; L. totalis.] 1. Whole 5 full 3 complete 
2. Whole 3 not divided. Milton. 

To'TAL, n. The whole 5 the whole sum or amount 

TO-TAL'I-TY, 71. [Fr. totalite.] The whole sum 3 whole 
quantity or amount. 



* See 3yjtopsis. A, E, T, O, tj, Y, Ipng —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY j— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. 



TOU 



847 



TOW 



To'TAL-IiY, adv. Wholly ; entirely ; fully ; completely. 

TO'TAL-NESS, n. Entireness. 

TOTE, V. t. To carry or convey. A word used in slave- 
holding countries ; said to have been introduced by the 
blacks. 

TOT'TER, V. i. 1. To shake so as to threaten a fall ; to 
vacillate. 9. To shake ; to reel ; to lean. Dryden. 

TOT'TER-ING, ppr. Shaking, as threatening a fall ; vacil- 
lating ; reeling ; inclining. 

f TOT'TER-Y, a. Shaking; trembling or vacillating as if 
about to fall ; unsteady. 

TOU'€AN, n. A fowl of the genus ramphastos. 

ToUCHj (tuch) V. t. [Fr. toucher ; Arm. touicha, touchan, 
or touchein; Goth, tekan, attekan ; G. ticken ; D. tekken ; 
Sp., Port, tocar ; It. toccarc] 1. To come in contact with ; 
to hit or strike agauist. 2. To perceive by the sense of 
feeling. 3. To come to ; lo reach ; to attain to. 4. To 
try, as gold with a stone. 5. To relate to ; to concern ; 
[nearly obs.] 6. To handle slightly. 7. To meddle with. 
8. To affect. 9. To move ; to soften ; to melt. 10. To 
mark or delineate slightly. 11. To infect ; [I. u.] 12. To 
make an impression on. 13. To strike, as an instrument 
of music ; to play on. 14. To influence by impulse ; to 
impel forcibly. 15. To treat slightly. 16. To afilict or 
distress. Oen. xxvi. — To touch up, to repair; or to improve 
by slight touches or emendations. — To touch the wind, in 
seamen's language, is to keep the ship as near the wind 
as possible. 

TOUCH, (tuch) V. i. 1. To be in contact v/ith ; to be in a 
state of junction, so that no space is between. 2. To 
fasten on ; to take effect on. 3. To treat of slightly in 
discourse. — To touch at, to come or go to, without stay. — 
To touch on or upon, to mention slightly. Addison. 

Touch, (tuch) n. l. contact; the hitting of two bodies ; 
the junction of two bodies at the surface, so that there is 
no space between them. 2. The sense of feeling ; one of 
the five senses. 3. The act of touching. 4. The state of 
being touched. 5. Examination by a stone. 6. Test ; 
that by which any thing is examined. 7. Proof; tried 
qualities. 8. Single act of a pencil on a picture. 9. Fea- 
ture ; lineament. 10. Act of the hand on a musical in- 
strument. 11. Power of exciting the affections. 12. 
Something of passion or affection. 13. Particular applica- 
tion of any thing to a person ; [obs.} 14. A stroke. 15. 
Animadversion ; censure ; reproof. 16. Exact perform- 
ance of agreement ; [obs.'\ 17. A small quantity inter- 
mixed. 18, A hint; suggestion; slight notice. 19. A 
cant word for a slight essay ; [ofts.] — 20. In music, the re- 
sistance of the keys of an instrument to the fingers. — 21. 
In music, an organ is said to have a good touch or stop, 
when the keys close well. — 22. In ship-building, touch is 
the broadest part of a plank worked top and butt ; or the 
middle of a plank worked anchor-stock fashion ; also, the 
angles of the stern timbers at the counters. 

TOUCH' A-BLE, (tuch'a-bl) a. That may be touched ; 
tangible. 

ToUCH'-HOLE, (tuch'-hole) n. [touch and hole.] The 
vent of a cannon or other species of fire-arms, by which 
fire is communicated to the powder of the charge. 

ToUCH'I-LY, (tuch'e-ly) adv. With irritation ; with peev- 
ishness. Waterhouse. 

ToUCH'I-NESS, (tuch'e-nes) n. [from touchy.] Peevish- 
ness ; irritability ; irascibility. King Charles. 

ToUCH'ING, (tuch'ing) ppr. 1. Coming in contact with ; 
hitting; striking; affecting. 2. Concerning; relating to; 
with respect to. 3. a. Affecting; moving; pathetic. 

ToUCH'ING, (tuch'ing) n. Touch; the sense of feeling, 

ToUCH'ING-LY, (tuch'ing-ly) adv. In a manner to move 
the passions ; feelingly. Garth. 

T6UCH'-ME-NOT, n. A plant of the genus impatiens, and 
another of the genus womordica. 

ToUCII'-NEE-DLE, (luch'-nee-dl) n. Touch-needles are 
small bars of gold, silver and copper, each pure and in all 
proportions, prepared for trying gold and silver by the 
touchstone, by comparison with the mark they leave 
upon it. 

ToUCH'STONE, (tuch'stone) 71. 1. A stone by which met- 
als are examined ; a black, smooth, glossy stone. 2. Any 
test or criterion by which the qualities of a thing are tried. 
— Irish touchstone is the basalt, the stone which com- 
poses the Giant's causey. 

ToUCH'-WOOD, n. [touch and wood.] Decayed wood ; 
used like a match for taking fire from a spark. Howell. 

ToUCH'Y, (tuch'y) a. [vulgarly techy.] Peevish; irritable ; 
irascible ; apt to take fire, [J'\'ot elegant.] Arbuthnot. 

T6UGH. (tuf ) a. [Sax, toh.] 1. Having the quality of 
flexibility without brittleness ; yielding to force without 
breaking, 2. Firm ; strong ; not easily broken ; able to 
endure hardship, 3, Not easily separated ; viscous ; 
clammy ; tenacious; ropy, 4, Stiff; not flexible. 

ToUGH'EN, (tuf 'fn) v. i. To grow tough. Mortimer. 

ToUGH'EN, (luf 'fn) v. t. To make tough. 

ToUGH'LY, ;tuf'ly) adv. In a tough manner. 

ToUGH'NESS, (tuf'nes) n. 1. The quality of a substance 



which renders it in some degree flexible, without brittle 
ness or liability to fracture ; flexibility with a firm adhe 
sion of parts. 2. Viscosity ; tenacity ; clamminess ; glu 
tiriousness. 3. Firmness; strength of constitution or 
texture. 
T5U-PEE', ) 71. [Fr. toupet.] A little tuft ; a curl or art'- 

* ToU-PET', \ ficial lock of hair. 

TOUR, (toor) 71. [Fr. tour ; D. toer.] 1. Literally, a going 
round ; hence, a journey in a circuit. 2. A turn ; a revo- 
lution ; [obs.] 3. A turn ; as, a foiir of duty. 4, A tress 
or circular border of hair on the head, worn sometimes 
by both sexes. 5. A tower ; [obs.] 

TOtlR'lST, (toor'ist) ?(. One who makes a tour, or performs 
a journey in a circuit. 

TriR'MyVTTN ' ( '*' ^^ mineralogy, a silicious stone, 
ToURN, n. The sheriff's turn or court ; also, a spinning- 
wheel, [JVot American.] 

* T6URN.';A-MENT, (turn'a-ment) n. [from Fr. tourner.] 
A rnarfial sport or exercise formerly performed by cava- 
lier^to show their address and bravery. 

To^p^'E-aUET, (turn'e-ket) ii. [Fr.] A surgical instru- 
j|(S^nt or bandage which is straitened or relaxed with a 
screv\% and used to check hemorrhages. 

* ToURN'EY, (turn'y) n. A tournament. 

* ToURN'EY, (turn'y) v. i. To tilt ; to perform tourna- 
ments. 

TOUSE, V. t. [G. lausen.] To pull ; to haul ; to tear. 

[Hence Towser.] Spenser. 
TOU'SLE, \ V. t. The same as touse ; to put into disorder ; 
TOUS'EL, \ to tumble ; to tangle. 
Tout, v. i. To toot, which see. 
ToW, V. t. [Sax. teogan, teon ; Fr. touer.] To drag, as a 

boat or ship, through the v/ater by means of a rope. 
ToW, ?!, [Sax. t07D ; Fr. etoupe ; L, stupa.] The coarse 

and broken part of flax or hemp, separated from the finer 

part bj' the hatchel or swingle. 
ToW'AGE, 71. 1. The act of towing. 2. The price paid 

for towing. Walsh. 

* To'WARD, or * ToiWARDS, prep. [Sax. toward ; to 
and 2oard.] 1. In the direction to. 2. With direction to, 
in a moral sense ; with respect to ; regarding. 3. With 
ideal tendency to, 4. Nearly. 

* To'WARD, or To'WARDS^ adv. Near at hand; in a 
state of preparation. 

* To'WARD, a. Ready to do or learn ; not froward ; apt. 
*To'WARD-LI-NESS,n. [fmmtotoardly.] Readiness to do 

or_learn ; aptness ; docility. Raleigh. 

*To'WARD-LY, a. Ready to do or learn; apt; docile; 
tractable ; compliant with duty. Bacon. 

*To'WARD-NESS, n. Docility; towardliness. South. 

TOWEL, n. [Fr, touaille ; Gaelic, ttibailt.] A cloth used 
for wiping the hands and for other things, 

TOWER, n. [Sax, tor, tirre ; Ir. tor ; Fr., Arm. tour ; Sp., 
It., Port, torre ; W. tier.] 1, A building, either round ot 
square, raised to a considerable elevation and consisting 
of several stories, 2. A citadel ; a fortress. Ps. Ixi. 3. 
A high head-dress. 4. High flight ; elevation. 

TOWER, V. i. To rise and fly hfgh ; to soar ; to be lofty. 

TOWERED, a. Adorned or defended by towers. Milton. 

TOW'ER-ING, pijr. 1. Rising aloft ; mounting high ; soar- 
ing. 2. a. Very high; elevated, 

TOW'ER-MUS-TARD, n. A plant. Lee. 

TOWER-Y, a. Having towers ; adorned or defended by 
towers, 

ToW'ING, ppr. Drawing on water, as a boat. 

ToW'ING-PaTH, n. A path used by men or horses that 
tow boats. 

ToW'-LINE, n. A small hawser, used to tow a ship, &c. 

TOWN, n. [Sax, tun; W, din, divas ; Gaelic, dun.] 1. 
Originally, a walled or fortified place ; a collection of 
hou'ses inclosed with walls, hedges or pickets for safety. 
2. Any collection of houses, larger than a village. — 3. In 
England, any number of houses to which belongs a regu- 
lar market, and which is not a city or the see of a bishop. 
4. The inhabitants of a town.— 5. In popular usage, in 
America, a township ; the whole territory within certain 
limits. — 6. In England, the court end of London. Pope. 
7. The inhabitants of the metropolis. Pope. 8. The me- 
tropolis. 

TOWN'-€LERK, n. An officer who keeps the records of a 
town, and enters all its oflicial proceedings. 

1'0WN'-€RI-ER, n. [town and cry.] A public crier ; one 
who makes proclamation. Shale. 

TOWN'-HOUSE, n. 1. The house where the public busi- 
ness of the town is transacted by the inhabitants in legal 
meeting. JSTew England. 2. A house in town, in opposi- 
tion to a house in the country. 

TOWN'ISH, a. Pertaining to the inhabitants of a town; 
like the town. 

TOWN'LESS, a. Having no town. Howell. 

TOWN'S HIP, n. The district or territory of a town, 

TOWNS'MAN, n. 1. An inhabitant of a place ; or one of 
the same town with another, 2. A selectman. 



♦ See Synopsis. MoVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE,— C as K ; G as J ; ? as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, j Obsolete 



TRA 



848 



TRA 



TOWN'-TALK, ra. [town and talk.] The common talk of 
a place, or the subject of common conversation. 

ToW'-ROPE, n. Any rope used in towmg ships or boats. 

TOWS'ER, 71. [from toiise.] The name of a dog, 

TOX'I-€AL, a. [L. toxicum.] Poisonous. [Little used.] 

TOX-I-eOL'0-6Y. n. [Gr. to^ikov and Xoyog.] A discourse 
on poisons ; or the doctrine of poisons. 

TOY, n. [qu. D. tool.] 1. A plaything for cliildren 5 a 
ba'vble. 2. A trifle : a thing for amusement, but of no 
real value. 3. An article of trade of little value. 4. Mat- 
ter of no importance. 5. Folly ; trifling practice ; silly 
opinion. 6. Amorous dalliance ; play 5 sport. 7. An old 
story ; a silly tale. 8. Slight representation. 9. Wild 
fancy ; odd conceit. ^ 

TOY, V. i. [Dan. tover ; Sw. tofva.] To dally amorously ; 
to trifle ; to play. 

fTOY, V- t. To treat foolishly. Bering. 

TOY'ER, n. One who toys; one who is full of trifling 
tricks. 

TOY'FUL, a. Full of trifling play. Donne. 

TOYiLiiG,ppr. Dallying; trifling. 

TOY'ISH, a. Trifling; wanton. Crowley. 

TOY'ISH-NESS, 71. Disposition to dalliance or trifling. 

TOY'MAN, n. [toy and man.] One that deals in toys. 

TOY'SHOP, n. A shop where toys are sold. 

ToZE, V. t. To pull by violence. See Touse. 

TRACE, n. [Fr. ; It. tracria : Sp. traza.] 1. A mark left 
by any thing passing ; a footstep ; a track ; a vestige. 2. 
Remains ; a mark, impression or visible appearance of 
any thing left when the thing itself no longer exists. 

TRACE, n. [Fr. tirasse.] Traces, in a harness, are the 
straps, chains or ropes by which a carriage or sleigh is 
drawn by horses. [Locally, these are cafled tugs ; Sax. 
teogan, to draw.] 

TRACE, V. t. [Fr. tracer; It. tracciare ; Sp. trazare.] 1. 
To mark out ; to draw or delineate with marks. 2. To 
follow by some mark that has been left by something 
which has preceded ; to follow by footsteps or tracks. 3. 
To follow with exactness. 4. To walk over. 

TRaCE'A-BLE, a. That may be traced. Drummond. 

TRaCED, pp. Marked out; delineated; followed. 

TRa'CER, 71. One that traces or follows by marks. 

TRa'CER-Y, 71. Ornamental stonb-work. Warton. 

TRa'CHE-A, 71. [Low L.] In anatomy, the windpipe. 

T'riA'CHE-AL, a. Pertaining to the trachea or windpipe. 

'L'Ra'CHE-O-CeLE, 71. [trachea, and Gr. Kri\ri.] An en- 
largement of the thyroid gland ; bronchocele or goitre. 

TRA-€HE-OT'0-MY, n. [trachea, and Gr. repivoi.] In sur- 
gery, the oi>eration of making an opening into the wind- 
pipe. 

TRa'CHYTE, n. [Gr. Tpa;:^i;j.] A volcanic rock. # 

TRA-€HYT'I€, a. Pertaining to trachyte, or consisting 
of it. 

TRa'CING, pp'r. [from trace.] Marking out ; drawing m 
lines ; following by marks or footsteps. 

TRa'CING, n. Course; regular track or path. Varies. 

TRACK, 71. [It. traccia ; Sp. traza ; Fr. trace] 1. A mark 
left by something that has passed along. 2. A mark or 
impression left by the foot, either of man or beast. 3. A 
road ; a beaten path. 4. Course ; way. 

TRACK, V. t. 1. To follow when guided by a trace, or by 
the footsteps, or marks of the feet. 2. To tow ; to draw 
a boat on the water in a canal. 

TRACKED, pp. Followed bv the footsteps. 

TRACK'ING, ppr. Following by the impression of the feet ; 
drawing a boat ; towing. 

TRACK'LESS, a. Having no track ; marked by no foot- 
steps ; untrodden ; as, a trackless desert. 

TRACK'-RoAD, 71. [track and road.] A towing-path. 

TRACK'-SCOUT, n. [track, and D. schuit.] A boat em- 
ployed on the canals in Holland, usually drawn by a 
horse. 

TRACT, n. [L. traltus ; It. tratto ; Fr. trait ; fxom L. 
traho.] 1. Something drawn out or extended. 2. A re- 
gion, or quantity of land or water, of indefinite extent. 
3. A treatise ; a written discourse or dissertation of indefi- 
nite length, but generally not of great extent. — 4. In 
hunting, the trace or footing of a wild beast. 5. Treat- 
ment; exposition; [ohs.] 6. Track; [obs.] 7. Continu- 
ity or extension of any thing ; [ohs.] 8. Continued or 
protracted duration ; length ; extent. 

* TRACT, V. t. To trace out ; to draw out. 

TRACT-A-BIL'I-TY, 7;. The quality or state of being 
tractable or docile ; docility ; tractableness. 

TRACT'A-BLE, a. [L. tractabilis ; Fr. traitable.] I. That 
may be easily led, taught or managed ; docile ; manage- 
able ; governable. 2. Palpable ; such as may be han- 
dled. 

TRACT'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of being 
tractable or manageable ; docility. Locke. 

TRACT'A-BLY, ado. In a tractable manner ; with ready 
compliance. 

f TRACT'ATE, n. [L. tractatus.] A treatise ; a tract. 



TRACT-A'TION, n. [L. tractatio.] Treatment or handling 
of a subject; discussion. Bp. Hall. 

TRACT-A'TRIX, n. In geometry, a curve line. 

TRACT'ILE, a. [L. tractus.] Capable of being drawn out 
in length ; ductile. Bacon. 

TRAC-TIL'I-TY, 71. The quality of being tractile ; ductil- 
ity. Derham. 

TRACTION, n. [L. tractus.] 1. The act of drawing, or 
state of being drawn. 2. Attraction ; a drawing towards. 

TRACT'OR, 71. That which draws, or is used for drawing, 
Journ. of Science. 

TRADE, n. [Sp., Port, trato ; It. tratta.] 1. The act or 
business of exchanging commodities by barter ; or the 
business of buying and selling for money ; commerce ; 
traflick ; barter. 2. The business which a person has 
learned, and which he carries on for procuring subsistence 
or for profit ; occupation ; particularly, mechanical em- 
ployment. 3. Business pursued ; occupation ; in contempt. 
4. Instruments of any occupation. 5. Employment not 
manual; habitual exercise. 6. Custom; habit; standing 
practice. 7. Men engaged in the same occupation ; thus 
booksellers speak of the customs of the tradp. 

TRADE, V. i. 1. To barter, or to buy and sell ; to deal in 
the exchange, purchase or sale of goods, wares and mer- 
chandise, or any thing else ; to traflick ; to carry on com- 
merce as a business. 9. To buy and sell or exchange 
property in a single instance. 3. To act merely for 
money. 4. To have a trade wind ; [unusual.] 

TRADE, V. t To sell or exchange in commerce. 

t TRaD'ED, a. Versed ; practiced. Shak. 

TRaDE'FUL, a. Commercial ; busy in traflick. Spenser. 

TRaD'ER, 71. One engaged in trade or commerce ; a dealer 
in buying and selling or barter. 

t TRaDES'FoLK, n. People employed in trade. Swift. 

TRaDES'MAN, 71. [trade and man.] A shop-keeper. 

TRaDE'-WIND, n. A wind that favors trade. A tradc- 
?C(H(Z is a wind that blows constantly in the sanje direc- 
tion, or a wind that blows for a number of months in one 
direction, and then, changing, blows as long in the oppo- 
site direction. These winds," in the East Indies, are call- 
ed monsoons, which are periodical. 

TR aB'IKG, ppr. 1. Trafficking; exchanging commodities 
by barter, or buying and selling them. 2. a. Carrying on 
commerce. 

TRaD'ING, n. The act or business of carrying on com- 
merce. 

TRA-Dx"TION, n. [Fr. ; L. traditio.] 1. Delivery ; the 
act of delivering into the hands of another. 2. The deliv- 
ery of opinions, doctrines, practices, rites and customs 
from father to son, or from ancestors to posterity. 3. That 
which is handed down from age to age by oral communi- 
cation . 

TRA-Dl"TION-AL, or TRA-Dl"TION-A-RY, a. 1. De- 
livered orally from father to son ; communicated froru 
ancestors to descendants by word only ; transmitted from 
a^e to age without writing. 2. Observant of tradition ; 
[obs.] 

TRA-Di"TION-AL-LY, adv. By transmission from father 
to son, or from age to age. 

TRA-DI"TION-A-RY, 7!. Among the Jews, one who ac- 
knowledges the authority of traditions, and explains the 
Scriptures bv them. 

TRA-Di'TION-ER, ; 71. One who adheres to tradition. 

TRA-Dl"TION-IST, \ Gregory. 

TRAD'I-TiVE, a. [Fr.] Transmitted or transmissible from 
father to son, or from age to age, by oral communication. 

TRAD'I-TOR, n. [L.] A deliverer; a name of infamy 
given to Christians who delivered the Scriptures or the 
goods of the church to their persecutors to save their 
lives. 

TRA-DuCE', V. t. [L. tradiico ; Fr. traduire.] 1. To rep- 
resent as blamable ; to condemn. 2. To calumniate ; to 
vilify ; to defame ; v/ilfully to misrepresent. 3. To prop- 
agate ;_ to continue by deriving one from another ; [obs.\ 

TRA-Du'CED, (tra-dust") pp. Misrepresented ; calumnia- 
ted. 

TRA-DtJCE'MENT, n. Misrepresentation ; ill-founded cen- 
sure ; defamation; calumny. [Little used.] Shak. 

TRA-DU'CENT, a. Slandering; slanderous. Entick. 

TRA-Du'CER, n. One that traduces; a slanderer; a ca- 
lumniator. 

TRA-Du'CI-BLE, a. That may be orally derived. [L. u.] 

TRA-Du'CING, ppr. Slandering ; defaming ; calumnia 
ting. 

TRA-DtJ'CING-LY, adv. Slanderously ; by way of defa 
mation. 

t TRA-DUCT', V. t. [L. traduco, traductum.] To derive 
Fotherby. 

TRA-DUC'TION, n. [L. traductio.] 1. Derivation from 
one of the same kind ; propagation. 2. Tradition ; trans 
mission from one to another ; [I. u.] 3. Conveyance ; 
transportation; act of transferring. 4. Transition. 

TRA-DUC'TIVE, a. Derivable ; that may be deduced. 

TRAF'FICK, 71. [Fr. traflc ; It. traffico.] I. Trade ; com- 



* Sec Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, Zoti^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MAIviNE, BtRD 



Obsolete 



TKA 



849 



TRA 



merce, either by barter or by buying and selling. 2. 
Commodities for market. 

TRAF'FI€K, v. i. [Fr. trafiquer ; It. trafficare ; Sp. trafi- 
car.] 1. To trade ; to pass goods and commodities from 
one person to another for an equivalent in goods or 
money ; to barter ; to buy and sell wares ; to caiTy on 
commerce. 2. To trade meanly or mercenarily. Sha/c. 

TRAF'FI€K, v t. To exchange"in trafiick. 

t TRAF FIOK-A-BLE, a. Marketable. Bp. Hall. 

TllAF'FIOK-ER, n. One who carries on commerce j a 
trader; a merchant. Js. viii. Shak. 

TRAF'FI€K-ING, ppr. Trading; bartering; buying and 
selling goods, wares and commodities. 

TRAG'A-€ANTH, n. [L. tragacanthum ; Gr. rpayaKavda.] 

1. Goat's-thorn ; a plant. 2. A gum obtained from the 
gopt's-^ihorn. 

TRA-6e'DI-AN, n. [L.tragcBdus.] 1. A writer of tragedy. 

2. More generally, an actor of tragedy. 
TRAG'E-DY, 11. [Ft. tragedie ; It., Sp. tragedia.] 1. A 

dramatic poem representing some signal action performed 
by illustrious persons, and generally having a fatal issue. 

2. A fatal and mournful event ; any event in which hu- 
man lives are lost by human violence, more particularly 
by unauthorized violence. 

TRAG'ie, ) a. [L. tragicus ; Fr. tragiqxte ; It. tragi- 

TRAG'I-CAL, ) CO.] 1. Pertaining to tragedy; of the na- 
ture or character of tragedy. 2. Fatal to life ; mournful ; 
sorrowful ; calamitous ; 3. Mournful ; expressive of tra- 
gedy, the loss of life, or of sorrow. - 

TRAG'I-€ AL-LY, adv. In a tragical manner ; with fatal 
issue ; mournfully ; soriowfully. 

TRA6'I-€AL-NESS, n. Fatality ; mournfulness ; sadness. 

TRAG-l-€OM'E-DY, n. [Fr. tragi-comedle : tragedy and 
comedy.] A kind of dramatic piece representing same ac- 
tion passed among eminent persons, the event of which 
is not unhappy, in which serious and comic seen ?s are 
blended. 

TRAG-i-€OM'I€, I a. Pertaining to tragi-comedy ; par- 

TRA6-i-€0M'I-€AL, \ taking of a niixture of grave and 
comic scenes. 

TRA6-I-€0M'I-€AL-LY, ado. In a tragi-comical manner. 

rRAlL,i). t. [Sp. traillar ; W. trail.] 1. To hunt by the 
track. 2. To draw along the ground. 3. To lower.— 4. 
In America, to tread down grass by walking through ; to 
lay flat. 

TRAIL, V. i. To be drawn out in length. Spenser. 

TRaIL, 71. 1. Track followed by the hunter ; scent left on 
the ground by the animal pursued. 2. Any thing drawn 
to length. 3. Any thing drawn behind in long undula- 
tions ; a train. 4. The entrails of a fowl ; applied some- 
times to those of sheep. 

TRAILED, pp. Hunted by the tracks; laid flat; drawn 
along on the ground ; brought to a lower position. 

TRaIL'ING, ppr. Hunting by the track ; drav/ing on the 
ground ; treading down ; laying flat. 

TRAIN, V. t. [Fr. trainer ; It. trainare, tranare.] 1. To 
draw along. 2, To draw; to entice; to allure. 3. To 
draw by artifice or stratagem. 4. To draw from act to 
act by persuasion or promise. 5. To exercise ; to disci- 
pline ; to teach and form by practice. 6. To break, tame 
and accustom to draw, as oxen. 7. To prepare for ath- 
letic exercises by a particular course of food and exercise. 
— 8. In gardening, to lead or direct and form to a wall 
or espalier ; to form to a proper shape by growth, lopping 
or pruning. — 9. In mining, to trace a lode or any mineral 
appearance to its head. — To train, or train up, to educate ; 
to teach ; to form by instruction or practice ; to bring up. 

TRAIN, 71. 1. Artifice ; stratagem of enticement. 2. 
Something drawn along behind, the end of a gown, &;c. 

3. Tiie tail of a fowl. 4. A retinue ; a number of follow- 
ers or attendants. 5. A series ; a consecution or succes- 
sion of connected things. 6. Process ; regular method ; 
course. 7. A company in order ; a procession. 8. The 
number of beats which a watch makes in any certain time, 
y. A line of gunpowder, laid to lead fire to a charge, or to 
a quantity intended for execution. 

TRAIN'A-BLE, a. That may be trained. [Little iised.] 

PRAIN'-BAND, n. [train and baiid.] A band or company 
of militia. — Train-bands, in the plural, militia. 

TRAIN'-BEaR-ER, 71. One who holds up a train. 

TRAINED, pp. Drawn; educated; formed by instruction. 

TRAIN'ER, 71. One who trains up ; an instructor. Ash. 

TRAIN ING, ppr. Drawing ; alluring ; educating ; teach- 
ing and forming by practice. 

TRAIN'ING, 77. 1. The act or process of drawing or edu- 
cating ; education. '2. Preparation for athletic exercises. 
3. In gardening, the operation or art of forming young 
trees to a wall or espalier, or of causing them to grow in 
a shape suitable for that end. 

TRAIN'-OIL, n. [train ?inA oil.] The oil procured from the 
blubber or fat of whales by boiling. Cyc. 

TRAlN'-RoAD, n. [train and road.] In mines, a slight 
rail-way for small wagons. Cyc. 



t TRaIN'Y, a. Belonging to train-oil. 6ay. 

TRaIPSE, v. i. To walk sluttishly or carelessly. \A low 

zoord.] 
* TRaIT, 71. [Fr. trait ; L. tractus.] 1. A stroke ; a touch 

2. A line ; a feature. 
TRAIT'OR, 



[Fr. trattre ; Arm. treitre, treytor ; Sp. 

traidor ; L. traditor.] 1. One who violates his allegiance 

and betrays his country ; one guilty of treason ; one who, 

in breach of trust, delivers his country to its enemy, of 

any fort or place intrusted to his defense. 2. One who 

betrays his trust. 
tTRAIT'OR-LY, a. Treacherous. 
TRAIT'OR-OUS, a. 1. Guilty of treason ; treacherous ; jer- 

fidious ; faithless. 2. Consisting in treason ; partaking 

of treason ; implying breach of allegiance. 
TRAIT'OR-OUS-LY, adv. In violation of allegiance and 

trust ; treacherously ; perfidiously 
TRAIT'OR-OUS-NESS, n. Treachery; the quality of be 

inj treasonable. Scott. 
TRAIT'RESS, n. A female who betrays her country or her 

trust. Dry den. 
TRA-JECT', V. t. [L. trajectus.] To throw or cast through. 
TRAJ'E€T, n. A ferry ; a passage, or vlace for passing 

water with boats. Shak. 
TRA-JE€T'ING, ppr. Casting through. 
TRA-JE€'TION,7i, 1. The act of casting or darting through. 

2. Transportation. 3. Emission. 
TRA-JE€T'0-RY, n. The orbit of a comet. Cyc. 
TRA-La'TION, n. A change in the use of a word, or 

the use of a word in a less prrper, but more significant 
sense. 

TRAL-A-Ti"TIOUS, a. [L. translatus, transfero.] Meta- 
phorical ; not literal. 

TRAL-A-Ti"TIOUS-LY, adv. Metaphorically. 

t TRA-LIN'E-ATE, v. t. [L. trans and linea.] To deviate 
from any direction. Dryden. 

TRA-Lu'CENT, a. [L. trahicens.] Transparent ; clear. 

TRAM'MEL, n. [Fr. tramail.] J^ kind of long net for 
catching birds or fishes. 2. A kiM»of shackles used for 
regulating the motions of a horse, and making him amble. 

3. An iron hook, of various forms and sizes, used for 
hanging kettles and other vessels over the fire. — 4. Tram- 
mels, in mechanics, a joiner's instrument for drawing ovals 
upon boards. 

TRAM'MEL, v. t. [Sp. trahar.] 1. To catch ; to intercept. 

2. To confine ; to hamper ; to shackle. 
TRAM'MELED, pp. 1. Caught; confined; shackled.— 2. 

In the manege, a horse is said to be trammeled, when he 

has blazes or white marks on the fore and hind foot of 

one side. 
TR AM'MEL-ING, ppr Catching ; confining ; shackling. 
TRA-MON'TANE, n. One living beyond the mountain ; a 

stranger. 
TRA-MON'TANE, a. [It. tramontana ; L. trans and mans.] 

Lying or being beyond the mountain ; foreign ; barbtir- 

ous. 
TRAMP, v.t. [Sw. trampa.] To tre^d. 
TRAMP, V. i. To travel ; to wander or stroll. 
TRAMP'ER, 77. A stroller ; a vagrant or vagabond. 
TRAM'PLE, 7J. «. [G. trampeln, trampen ; Dan. tramp er ; 

Sw. trampa.] 1. To tread under foot ; especially, to tread 

upon with pride, contempt, triumph or scorn. 2. To 

tread down ; to prostrate by treading. 3. To treat with 

pride, contempt and insult. 
TRAM'PLE, V. i. 1. To tread in contempt. 2. To tread 

with force and rapidity. Dryden. 
TRAM'PLE, 7?, The act of treading under foot with co\i- 

tempt. 
TRAM'PLED, pp Trod on ; trodden under foot. 
TRAM PLER, 71. One that tramples ; one that treads down 
TRAM'PLING, ppr. Treading under foot ; prostrating by 

treading ; treading with contempt and insult, 
t TRA-NA'TION, 71. [li. trano.] The act of passing over by 

swimming. 
TRANCE, (trans) n. [Fr. transe.] An ecstasy ; a state in 

which the soul seems to have passed out of the body into 

celestial regions, or to be rapt into visions. 
TRANCE, V. t. To entrance. Bp. Hall. 
TRANCED, a. Lying in a trance or ecstasy. Shak. 
t TRAN'GRAM, 7?. An odd thing intricately contrived. 
TRAN'NELj used by Moxon, is a mistake for tree-nail, pro- 
nounced by ship-builders trunnel. 
TRAN'Q.UIL, a. [Fr. tranquille ; L. tranquilhis.] Quiet , 

calm ; undisturbed ; peaceful ; not agitated. 
TRAN'aUIL-iZE, v. t. To quiet ; to allay when agitated ; 

to compose ; to make calm and peaceful. 
TRAN'aUIL-lZED, pp. Quieted ; calmed ; composed 
TRAN'QUIL-lZ-ING, ppr. Quieting; composing. 
TRAN-QUIL'LI-TY, 71. [L. tranquillitas.] Quietness ; a 

calm state ; freedom from disturbance or agitation. 
TRAN'QUIL-LY, adv. Quietly ; peacefully. 
TRAN'QUIL-NESS, n. Quietness ; peacefulness. 
TRANS-ACT', v. t. [L. transactus J To do ; to perform ; to 

manage. 



■ See i:ynops^s 



MOVE, BOOK. DOVE 
* '54 



-BULL UNITE.— € as K 5 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



TRA 



850 



TKA 



TRANS-ACT', v. i. To conduct matters ; to treat ; to man- 
age. South. 

TRANS-A€T'ED, pp. Done ; performed ; managed. 

TRANS-A€T'ING, ppr. Managing; performing. 

TRANS-AOTION, n. 1. The doing or performing of any 
business ; management of any affair. 2. That which is 
done ; an affair. — 3. In the civil law, an adjustment of a 
dispute between parties by mutual agreement. 

TRANS-A€T'OR, ?t. One who performs or conducts any 
business. Verham. 

TRANS-AL'PINE, a. [L. trans, and .Alpine.] Lying or be- 
ing beyond the Alps in regard to Rome, that is, on the 
north or west of the Alps. 

TRANS- AN'1-MATE, r. t. [L. trans, a.nd animate.] To ani- 
mate by the conveyance of a soul to another body. 

TRANS-AN-I-Ma'TION, n. [L. trans and anima.'] Con- 
veyance of the soul from one body to another ; transmi- 
gration. 

TRANS-AT-L ANTIC, a. [L. traits, and Atlantic] Lying 
or being bevond the Atlantic. 

TRANS-CEND', v. t. [L. transcendo.] 1. To rise above ; 
to surmount. 2. To pass over ; to go beyond. 3. To sur- 
pass ; to outgo • to excel ; to exceed. 

t TRANS-CEND', v. i. To climb. Brown. 

TRANS-CEND'ED, pp. Overpassed ; surpassed. 

TRANS-CEND'ENCE )n. 1. Superior excellence ; super- 

TRANS-CEND'EN-CY, \ eminence. 2. Elevation above 
truth ; exaggeration. 

TRANS-CEND'ENT, a. [L. transcendens.] Very excel- 
lent ; superior or supreme in excellence ; surpassing oth- 

TRANS-CEND-ENT'AL, a. Supereminent ; surpassing oth- 
ers. 

TRANS-CEND'ENT-LY, adv. Very excellently ; super- 
eminently ; by way of eminence. South. 

TRANS-CEND'ENT-NESS, n. Supereminence ; unusual 
excellence. Montagu. 

TRANSCO-LATE, t). t. [L. trans and colo.] To strain; to 
cause to pass through a sieve or colander. 

TRAN-SCRlBE', v. t. [L. transcribo.] To copy ; to write 
over again or in the same words ; to write a copy of any 
thing. 

TRAN-SCRlB'ED, (tran-skribd') pp. Copied. 

TRAN-S€RlB'ER, n. A copier; one who writes from a 
copy. Addison. 

TRAN-SCRlB'ING, ppr. Writing from a copy ; writing a 
copy. 

TRAN'SCRIPT, n. [L. trans criptum.] 1. A copy; a writ- 
ing made from and according to an" original. 2. A copy 
of any kind. Olanville. 

TRAN-SCRIP'TION, n. [Fr.] The act of copying. 

TRAN-S€RIPT'IVE-LY, adv. In manner of a copy. 
Brown. 

TRANS-CUR', V. i. [L. transcurro.l To run or rove to and 
fro. [Little used.] Bacon. 

TRANS-CUR'SION, n. A rambling or ramble ; a passage 
beyond certain limits • extraordinary deviation. 

TRANS-DUC'TION, n. [L. trans and duco.] The act of 
conveving over. Entick. 

TRANSE, n. Ecstasy. See Trakoe. 

TRANS-EL-E-MEN-Ta'TION, 71. [L. trans, and element.] 
The change of the elements of one body into those of an- 
other; transubstantiation. Burnet. 

TRAN'SEPT, n. [L. trans and septum.] In ancient churches, 
the aisle extending across the nave and main a\sles. 

TRANS-FER', v. t. [L. traiisfero.] 1. To convey from 
one place or person to another ; to transport or remove 
to another place or person. 2. To make over ; to pass ; 
to convey, as a right, from one person to another ; to sell ; 
to give. 

TRANS'FER, n. 1. The removal or conveyance of a thing 
from one place or person to another. 2. The convey- 
ance of right, title or property, either real or personal, 
from one person to another, either by sale, by gift or oth- 
erwise. 

TRANS-FER'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be transferred or con- 
veyed from one place or person to another. 2. Negotia- 
ble^ as a note. 

PRANS-FER'RED, (trans-ferd') pp. Conveyed from one to 
another 

TRANS-FER-REE'j n. The person to whom a transfer is 
made Hamilton. 

TRANS-FER RER, n. One who makes a transfer or con- 
veyance. 

TRANS-FER'RING, ppr. Removing from one place or per- 
son to another ; conveying to another, as a right. 

TRANS-FIG-UR-A'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. A change of form ; 
particularly, the supernatural change in the personal ap- 
pearance of our Savior o n Ifafe ^ount. See Matt. xvii. 
2. A feast held by the Roa|Pffehurch, on the 6th of Au- 
gust, in commemoration ofrhe miraculous change above 
mentioned 

TRANS-FIG'URE, v. t. [L. trans andfi^ura : Fr. transfig- 
urer ] To transform ; to change the outward form. 



TRANS-FIG' URED, pp. Changed in form. 

TRANS-FIG'UR-ING, ppr. Transforming; changing the 
external form. 

TRANS-FIX', V. t. [L. transfixus, transfigo.] To pierce 
through, as with a pointed weapon. Dryden. 

TRANS-FIX'ED, (trans-fixf) pp. Pierced through. 

TRANS-FIX'ING, ppr. Piercing through. 

TRANS-FORM', v. t. [Fr. transformer.] 1. To change the 
form of ; to change the shape or appearance ; to metamor- 
phose. 2. To change one substance into another; to 
transmute. — 3 In theology, to change the natural disposi- 
tion and temper. Rom. xii. 4. To change the elements, bread 
and wine, into the flesh and blood of Christ. — 5. Among the 
mystics, to change the contemplative soul into a divine 
substance, by which it is lost or swallowed up in the di- 
vine nature. — 6. In algebra, to change an equation mto 
another of a different form, but of equal value. 

TRANS-FORM', v. i. To be changed in form ; to be meta- 
morphosed. Addison. 

TRANS-FOR-Ma'TION, 71. 1. The act or operation of 
changing the form or external appearance. 2. Metamor- 
phosis ; change of form in insects. 3. Transmutation ; 
the change of one metal into another. 4. The change of 
the soul into a divine substance, as among the mystics. 
5. Transubstantiation. — 6. In theology, a change of heart 
in man, by which his disposition and temper are conform- 
ed to the divine image. — 7. In algebra, the change of an 
equation into one of a different form, but of equal value 
Cyc. 

TRANS-FORM'ED, (trans-formd') pp. Changed in form or 
external appearance ; metamorphosed ; transmuted. 

TRANS-FORM'ING, ppr. i. Changing the form or exter- 
nal appearance ; metamorphosing ; transmuting ; renew- 
ing. 2. a. Effecting or able to effect a change of form or 
state. 

t TRANS-FREIGHT', (trans-frate') v. i. To pass over the 
sea. 

TRANS-FRE-Ta'TION, n. [L. trans and /return.] The 
passing over a strait or narrow sea. [Little used.] Da- 
vies. 

t TRANS-FUND', v. t. [L. transfundo.] To tranfuse. Bar~ 
row. 

TRANS-FuSE', v. t. [L. transfusus.] 1. To pour, 
as liquor, out of one vessel into another. 2. To trans- 
fer, as blood, from one animal to another. 3. To 
cause to pass from one to another ; to cause to be instilled 
or imbibed. 

TRANS-FuS'ED, (trans-fuzd') pp. Poured from one vessel 
into another. 

TRANS-FuS'I-BLE, a. That may be transfused, &;c, 

TRANS-FUS'ING, ppr. Pouring out of one vessel into an- 
other ; transferring. 

TRANS-Fu'SION, (trans-fii'zhun) n. 1. The act of pour- 
ing, as liquor, out of one vessel into another. 2. The act 
of transferring the blood of one animal into the vascular 
system of another. 

TRANS-GRESS', v. t. [Fr. transgresser : L. transgres- 
sus.] ]. To pass over or beyond any limit; to surpass 
— 2. In a moral sense, to overpsiss any nile prescribed 
as the limit of duty ; to break or violate a law, civil or 
moral. 

TRANS-GRESS', v. i. To offend by violating a law ; to sin 
1 Chron. ii. 

TRANS-GRESS'ED, (trans-gresf) pp. Overpassed ; vio 
lated. 

TRANS-GRESS'ING, ppr. Passing beyond ; surpassing , 
violating ; sinning. 

TRANS-GRES'SION, 71. [Fr.] 1. The act of passing over 
or beyond any law or rule of moral duty ; the violation of 
a law or known principle of rectitude ; breach of com- 
mand. 2. Fault ; offense ; crime. 

TRANS-GRES'SION-AL, a. That violates a law or rule of 
duty. 

TRANS-GRESS'IVE, a. Faulty; culpable; apt to trans- 
gress. Brown. 

TRANS-GRESS'OR, n. One who breaks a law or violates 
a command ; one who violates any known rule or princi- 
ple of rectitude ; a sinner. 

t TRAN-SHaPE', v. t. [L. trans, and shape.] To transform 
Shak. 

TRAN-SHIP', -0 t. [L. traTJs, and sAzp.] To convey from one 
ship to another ; a commercial word. 

TRAN-SHIP'MENT, n. The act of transferring, as goods, 
from one ship to another. 

TRAN-SHIPTED, (tran-shipf) pp. Carried from one ship 
to another. 

TRAN-SHIP'PING, ppr. Carrying from one ship to an- 
other. 

TRAN'SIENT, (tran'shent) a. [L. transiens,] l^Passing ; 
not stationary ; hence, of short duration ; not permanent : 
not lasting or durable. 2. Hasty ; momentary ; imper 
feet. 

TRAN'SIENT-LY, (tran-shently) adv. In passage ; for o 
short time ; not with continuance. Dryden. 



See Sy 



A, K, T, O, U, Y, loRg.—F.-i R ^ALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BtRD ;— f Obsolete. 



TRA 



801 



TRA 



TRAN'SIENT-NESS, n. Shortness of continuance ; speedy 
passage. 

TRAN-SIL I-ENCE, ) n. [L. transiliens ] A leap from 

TRAN-SIL'I-EN-CY, j thing to thing. [L. u.] Glan- 
vUle. 

TRANS'IT, n. [L. transitus.\ 1. A passing ; a passing 
over or through ; conveyance. — 2. In astronomy, the pass- 
ing of one heavenly body over the disK of anotht r and 
larger. 3. The passage of one heavenly body over the 
meridian of anotlier. 

TRANS'IT, V. t. To pass over the disk of a heavenly 
body 

TRANS'IT-Du-TY, n. A duty paid on goods that pass 
through a country. 

TRAN-SI"TION, (tran-sizh'un) n. [L. transitio.] 1. Pas- 
sage from one place or state to another ; change. — 2. In 
rhetoric, a passing from une subject to another. — 3. In 
music, a change of key from major to minor, or the con- 
trary. — Transition rocks, in geology, rocks supposed to 
have been formed when the world was passing from an 
uninhabitable to a habitable state. 

TRAN-Sl"TION-AL, (tran-sizh'un-al) a. Pertaining to 
transition. Christian Spectator. 

TRANS'I-TlVE, a. 1. Having the powerof passing.— 2. In 
grammar, a transitive verb is one which is or may be fol- 
lowed bv an object. 

TRANS'I-TO-RI-LY, adv. With short continuance. 

TRANS'I-TO-RI-NESS, n. A passing with short continu- 
ance ; speedy departure or evanescence. 

TRANS'I-TO-RY, a. [L. transitorius .] I. Passing with- 
out continuance ; continuing a short time j fleeting ; speed- 
ily vanishing. — 2. In law, atraiisitory action is one which 
may be brought in any county, as actions for debt, deti- 
nue, slander, and the like. 

TRANS-La'TA-BLE, a. [from translate.] Capable of being 
translated or rendered into another language. 

TRANS-LaTE', -w. f. [I^. trauslatus.] 1. To bear, carry or 
remove from one place to another. 2. To remove or convey 
toheaven,asahumanbeing,withoutdeath. 3. Totransfer j 
to convey from one to another. 2 Sam. iii. 4. To cause to re- 
move from one pari: of tlie body to another. 5. To change. 

6. To interpret ; to render into another language ; to ex- 
press the sense of one language in the words of another. 

7. To explain. 

TRANS-LaT'ED, pp. Conveyed from one place to anoth- 
er ; removed to heaven without dying ; rendered into an- 
other language. 

TRANS-LaT'ING, ppr. Conveying or removing from 
one place to another ; interpreting in another language. 

TRANS-La'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. translatio.] 1. The act of 
removing or conveying from one place to another ; re- 
moval. 2. The removal of a bishop from one see to an- 
other. 3. The removal of a person to heaven without 
subjecting him to death. 4. The act of turning into an- 
other language ; interpretation. 5. That which is produ- 
ced by turning into another language ; a version. 

TRANS-La'TIVE, a. Taken from others. 

TRANS-La'TOR, 71. One who renders into another lan- 
guage ; bne who expresses the sense of words in one lan- 
guage by equivalent words in another. 

* TRANS'LA-TO-RY, a. Transferring ; serving to trans- 
late. 

TRANS-Ll'TRESS, n. A female translator. 

TRANS-LO-€a'TION, n. [L. trans and locatio, loco.] Re- 
moval of things reciprocally to each other's places ; or 
rather substitution of one thing for anothf 

TRANS-Lu'CEN-CY, n. [L. translucens.] 1. The proper- 
ty of admitting rays of light to pass thn jgh, but not so 
•dn to render objects distinguishable. 2. "^ 'ransparency. 

TRANS-LU'CENT, a. 1. In mineralogy, tiransmitting rays 
of light, but not so as to render objects ''istinctly visible. 
2. Transparent ; clear. 

TRANS-LU'CID, a. [L. translucidus.] Transparent ; clear. 

TRANS-MA-RINE', a. [L. transmarinus.] Lying or being 
beyond the sea. Howell. 

f TRANS-MEW, v. t. [Fr. transmuer ; L. transmuto.] To 
transmute ; to transform ; to metamorphose. 

TRANS'MI-GRANT, a. Migrating; passing into another 
country or state for residence, or int6 another form or 
body. 

TRANS'MI-GRANT, w. 1, One who migrates, or leaves his 
r^wn country and passes into another for settlement. 2. 
One who passes into another state or body. 

TRANS'MI-GRATE, v. i. [L. transmigro.] 1. To migrate ; 
to pass from one country or jurisdiction to another for the 
purpose of residing in it, as men or families. 2. To pass 
from one body into another. 

TRANS'MI-GRA-TING, ppr. Passing from one country, 
state or body into another. 

TRANS-MI-GRa'TION, n. 1. The passing of men from 
one country to another for the purpose of residence, par- 
ticularly of a whole people. 2. The passing of a thing 
into another state, as of one substance into another. 3 



The passing of the soul into another body, according to 
the opinion of Pythagoras. 

TRANS'MI-GRA-TOR, ji. One who transmigrates. Ellis 

TRANS-Mi'GRA-TO-RY, a. Passing from one place, body 
or state to another. Faber. 

TRANS-MIS-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. [from transmissible.] The 
quality of being transmissible. 

TRANS-MIS'SI-BLE, a. 1. That may be transmitted or 
passed from one to another. 2. That may he transmitted 
through a transparent body. 

TRANS-MIS'SION, n. [Fr. ; L. transmissio.] 1. The act 
of sending from one place or person to another. 2. The 
passing of a substance through any body, as of light through 
glass, 

TRANS-MIS'SIVE, a. Transmitted ; derived from one to 
another. Prior. 

TRANS-MIT', V. t. [L. transmitto.] 1. To send from one 
person or place to another. 2. To suffer to pass through 

TRANS-MIT'TAL, n. Transmission. Swift. 

TRANS-MIT'TED, pp. Sent from one person or place to 
another; caused or suffered to pass through. 

TRANS-MIT'TER, n. One who transmits. 

TRANS-MIT'TI-BLE, a. That may be transmitted. 

TRANS-MIT'TING, ppr. Sending from one person or place 
to another ; suffering to pass through. 

TRANS-MU-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. Susceptibility of change into 
another nature or substance. 

TRANS-MtJ'TA-BLE, a. Capable of being changed into a 
different substance, or into something of a different form 
or nature. 

TRANS-Mu'TA-BLY, adv. With capacity of being changed 
into another substance or nature. 

TRANS-MU-Ta'TION, 71. [L. transmutatio.] 1. The 
change of any thing into another substance, or into some- 
thing of a different nature. — 2. In chemistry, the transmu- 
tation of one substance into another is very easy and com- 
mon, as of water into gas or vapor, and of gases into wa- 
ter. — 3. In geometry, the change or reduction of one figure 
or body into another of the same area or solidity, but of a 
diflerent form, as of a triangle into a square. 4. The 
change of colors, as in the case of a decoction of the ne- 
phritic wood. — 5. In the vegetable economy, the change of 
a plant into another form. 

TRANS-MuTE', v. t. [L. transmuto.] To change from one 
nature or substance into another. 

TRANS-MuT'ED, pp. Changed into another substance or 
nature. 

TRANS-MuT'ER, n. One that transmutes. 

TRANS-MuT'ING, ppr. Changing or transforming into an- 
other nature or substance. 

TRAN'SoM, n. [L. transenna.] 1. A beam or timber ex- 
tended across the stern-post of a ship, to strengthen the 
aft-part and give it due form. — 2. In architecture, the piece 
that is framed across a double light window ; or a lintel 
over a door ; the vane of a cross-staff. 

TRANS'PA-DANE, a. [L. trans and Padus, the river Po.] 
Being beyond the river Po. Stephens. 

TRANS-PaR'EN-CY, (trans-pair'en-sy) n. That state or 
property of a body by which it suffers rays of light to pass 
through it, so that objects can be distinctly seen through 
it ; diaphaneity. 

TRANS-PaR'ENT, (trans-pair'ent) a. [Fr. ; L. trans and 
pareo.] 1. Having the property of transmitting rays of 
light so that bodies can be distinctly seen through ; pervi- 
ous tc light ; diaphanous ; pellucid. 2. Admitting the 
passage of light ; open ; porous. 

TRANS-PaR'ENT-LY, (trans-pair'ent-ly) adv. Clearly ; so 
as to be seen through. 

TRANS-PaR'ENT-NESS, (trans-pair'ent-nes) n. The 
quality of being transparent ; transparency. 

t TRANS-PASS', V. t. [L. trans, and pass.] To pass over. 

t TRANS-PASS', V. i. To pass by or away. Daniel. 

TRAN-SPI€'U-OUS, a. [L. tra7is and specie] Transparent; 
pervious to the sight. Milton. 

t TRANS-PIERCE', (trans-pers') v. t. [See * Pierce. Fr. 
transpcrcer.] To pierce through ; to ijenetrate ; to perme- 
ate ; to pass through. 

TRANS-PIER'CED, (trans-persf) pp. Pierced through ; 
penetrated,. 

TRANS-PIER'CING, (trans-pers'ing) ppr. Penetrating; 
passing through. 

TRANS-Pl'RA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; from transpire.] Capable of 
being emitted through pores. 

TRANS-PI Ra'TTON, n. [Fr.] The act or process of 
passing off through the pores of the skin ; cutaneous ex- 
halation. 

TRANS-PiRE', V. t. [Fr. transpirer ; L. transpiro.] To 
emit through the pores of the skin ; to send off in vapor. 

TRANS-PIRE', V. i. 1. To be emitted through the pores of 
the skin ; to exhale ; to pass off in insensible perspiration. 
2. To escape from secrecy ; to become public. 3. To 
happen or come to pass. 

TRANS-PIR'ING, ppr. Exhaling ; passing off in insensible 
perspiration ; becoming public. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE - BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tkia. f Obsolete 



TRA 



852 



TRA 



TRx^NS-PLaCE^, v. t. [L. traits, and place.] To remove ; 
to put in a new place. Little used.] Wilkins. 

TRANS-PLANT', v. t. [Fr. transplanter.] 1. To remove 
and plant in another place. 2. To remove and settle or 
establish for residence in another place. 3. To remove. 

TRANS-PLAN-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of transplanting ; 
the removal of a plant or of a settled inhabitant to a differ- 
ent place for growth or residence. 2. Removal ; convey- 
ance from one to another. 

TRANS-PLANT'ED, pp. Removed and planted or settled 
in another place. 

TRANS-PLANT'ER, n. 1. One who transplants. 2. A 
machine for transplanting trees. 

TRANS-PLANT'ING, ppr Removing and planting or set- 
tling in another place. 

TRAN SPLEND'EN-CY, n. [L. trans and splendens.] Su- 
pereminent splendor. More. 

TRAN-SPLEND'ENT, a. Resplendent in the highest de- 
gree 

TRAN-SPLEND'ENT-LY, adv. With eminent splendor. 

TRANS-PoRT', v.t. [L. transporto.] 1. To carry or con- 
vey from one place to another. 2. To carry into banish- 
ment, as a criminal. 3. To hurry or carry away by vio- 
lence of passion. 4. To ravish with pleasure ; to bear 
away the soul in ecstasy. 5. To remove from one place 
to another, as a ship. 

TRANS'PoRT, n. 1. Transportation ; carriage ; convey- 
ance. 2. A ship or vessel employed for transporting. 3. 
Rapture ; ecstasy. 4. A convict transported or sentenced 
to exile. 

TRANS-PoRT'A-BLE, a. That may be transported. 

t TRANS-PoRT'ANCE, n. Conveyance. Shak. 

TRANS-POR-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of carrying or con- 
veying from one place to another, either on beasts or in 
vehicles, by land or water, or in air. 2. Banishment 
for felony. 3. Transmission ; conveyance. 4. Trans- 
port ; ecstasy ; [I. u.] 5. Removal from one country to 
another. 

TRANS-PoRT'ED, pp. Carried ; conveyed ; removed ; rav- 
ished with delight. 

TRANS-PoRT'ED-LY, adv.. In a state of rapture. 

TRANS-PoRT'ElJ-NESS, n. A state of rapture. Bp. Hall. 

TRANS-PoRT'ER, n. One who transports or removes. 

TRANS-PoRT'ING, ppr. 1. Conveying or carrying from 
one place to another; removing; banishing for a crime. 
2. a. Ravishing with delight; bearing away the soul in 
pleasure ; ecstatic. 

TRANS-PoRT'MENT, n. Transportation. [Little used.] 
Hall. 

TRANS-Po'SAL, n. The act of changing the places of 
things, and putting each in the place which was before 
occupiedjjv the other. 

TRANS-PoSE', V. t. [Fr. transposer.] 1. To change the 
place or order of things by putting each in the place of the 
other. 2. To put out of place.— 3. In algebra, to bring 
any term of an equation over to the other side. — 4. In 
grammar, to change the natural order of words. — 5. In 
music, to_change the key. 

TRANS-PoS'ED, (trans-pdzd') pp. Being changed in place, 
and one put in the place of the other. 

TRANS-PoS'ING, ppr. 1. Changing the place of things, and 
putting each in the place of the other. 2. Bringing any 
term of an equation over to the other side. 3. Changing 
the natural order of words. 

TRANS-PO-Sl"TION, n. [Fr. ; L. transpositio.] 1. A 
changing of the places of things, and putting each in the 
place before occupied by the other. 2. The state of being 
reciprocally changed in place. — 3. In algebra, the bring- 
ing of any term of an equation to the other side. — 4. In 
grammar, a change of the natural order of words in a sen- 
tence. — 5. In music, a change in the composition, either 
in the transcript or the performance, by which the whole 
is removed into another key. Busby. 

TRANS-'PO-Si"TION-AL, a. Pertaining to transposition. 
Pegge. 

TRANS-POS'I-TIVE, a. Made by transposing ; consisting 
in transposition. 

TRAN-SUB-STAN'TIATE, v. t. [Fr. transubstantier.] To 
change to another substance. 

TRAN-SUB-STAN-TI-A'TION, n. Change of substance.— 
In the Romish theology, the supposed conversion of the 
bread and wine in the eucharist into the body and blood 
of Christ. 

TRAN-SUB-STAN-TI-A TOR, n. One who maintains the 
popish doctrine of transubstantiation. Barrow. 

TRAN-SU-Da'TION, 71. The act or process of passing off 
through the pores of a substance. 

TRAN-Su'DA-TO-RY, a. Passing by transudation. 

TRAN-SuDE', v. i. [L. trans and sudo.] To pass through 
the pores or interstices of texture, as perspirable matter. 

TRAN-SuD'ING, ppr. Passing through the pores of a sub- 
stance, as sweat or other fluid. 

TRAN-SuME', V. t. [L. transumo ] To take from one to 
another. [Little used ] 



f TRAN-SUMPT', n. A copy or exemplification of a rec 
ord. 

TRAN-SUMP'TIOF, n. The act of taking from one place 
to another. [Little used.] South. 

TRANS-VEC'TION, n. [L. transvectio.] The act of con- 
veying or carrying over. 

TRANS-VERS'AL, a. [Fr.; L. trans and versus.] Running 
or lying across ; as, a transversal line. Hale. 

TRANS- VERS'AL-LY, adv. In a direction crosswise. 

TRANS-VERSE', (trans-vers') a. [L. tran^-versus.] 1 Ly- 
ing or being across or in a cross direction. — 2. In botany, 
a transverse partition, in a pericarp, is at right angles with 
the valves, as in a silique. 

TRANS'VERSE, n. The longer axis of an ellipse. 

TRANS-VERSE', (trans-vers') v. t. To overturn. [L. u.] 

TRANS-VERSE'LY, adv In a cross direction. Stilling- 
fieet. 

TRAN'TERS, n. plu. Men who carry fish from the sea- 
coast to sell in the inland countries. Bailey. 

TRAP, n. [Sax. trapp, trepp ; Fr. trape ; It. trapola.] 1. 
An engine that shuts suddenly or with a spring, used for 
taking game. 2. An engine for catching men. 3. An 
ambush ; a stratagem ; any device by which men or other 
animals may be caught unawares. 4. A play in which a 
ball is driven with a stick. 

TRAP, 7?. [Sw. trappa ; Dan. trappe.] In mineralogy, a 
name given to rocks characterized by a columnar form, 
or whose strata or beds have the form of steps or a series 
of stairs. 

TRAP, V. t. 1. To catch in a trap ; as, to trap foxes or 
beaver. 2. To insnare ; to take by stratagem. 3. To 
adorn ; to dress with ornaments ; [the verb is little used.] 

TRAP, V. i. To set traps for game. 

TRA-PAN', V. t. [Sax. treppan.] To insnare ; to catch by 
stratagem. South. 

TRA-PAN', n. A snare ; a stratagem. 

TRA-PAN'NER, n. One who insnareg. 

TRA-PAN'NING, ppr. Insnaring. 

TRAP'-DoOR, n. [trap and door.] A door in a floor, which 
shuts close like a valve. Ray. 

TRAPE, V. i. To traipse ; to walk carelessly and sluttishly 
[JVut much used.] 

TRaPE^. 71. A slattern ; an idle, sluttish woman. 

TRA-Pe'ZI-AN, a. In cry sialography, having the lateral 
planes composed of trapeziums situated in two ranges, 
between two bases. 

TRA-Pe'ZI-FORM, a. Having the form of a trapezium. 

TRA-PE-ZI-IIE'DRON, n. [L. trapezium, and Gr. iSpa.] A 
solid bounded by twenty-four equal and similar trapezi- 
ums. 

TRA-Pe'ZI-UM, 71.,- plu. Trapezia, or Trapeziums. ['L.^ 

1. In geometry, a plane figure contained under four une- 
qual right lines, none of them parallel.— 2. In anatomy, a 
bone of the carpus. 

TRAP-E-ZOID', 71. [L. trapezium, and Gr. eiSog.] An ir- 
regular solid figure having four sides, no two of which 
are parallel to each other ; also, a plane, four-sided fig- 
ure having two of the opposite sides parallel to each 
other. 

TRAP-E-ZOID'AL, a. 1. Having the form of a trapezoid. 

2. Having the surface composed of twenty-four trapezi- 
ums, all equal and similar. 

TRAP'PINGS, 71. plu. [from trap.] 1. Ornaments of horse 
furniture. 2. Ornaments; dress, external and superfi- 
cial decorations. 

TRAP'POUS, a. Pertaining to trap; resembling trap, or 
partaking of its form or qualities. Kirwan. 

TRAP'-STICK, 71. A stick with which boys drive a wood- 
en ball ; hence, a slender leg. Jiddison. 

TRAP'-TUFF, 71. Masses of basalt, amygdaloid, homblend, 
sandstones, &c., cemented. Ure. 

TRASH, 71. 1. Any waste or worthless matter. 2. Ix)p- 
pings of trees ; bruised canes, &c. 3. Fruit or other mat- 
ter improper for food, but eaten by children, &;c. 4. A 
worthless person ; [not proper.] 5. A piece of leatlier 
or other thing fastened to a dog's neck to retard his 
speed. 

TRASH, v.t. 1. To lop ; to crop. Warburton. 2. To strip 
of leaves. 3. To crush ; to humble. 4. To clog; to en- 
cumber ; to hinder. 

TRASH, V. i. To follow with violence and trampling 

TRASH'Y, a. Waste ; rejected ; worthless ; useless. 

TRASS, 71. Pumiceous conglomerate, a volcanic production ; 
a gray or yellowish porous substance. 

TRAU'LISM, n. A stammering. 

TRAU-MAT'I€, a. [Gr. rpavfia.] 1. Pertaining to or ap- 
plied to wounds. Coxe. 2. Vulnerary ; adapted to the 
cure of wounds. 

TRAU-MAT'I€, n. A medicine useful in the cure of 
vrounds. 

TRAVAIL, (trav'el) v. i. [Fr. travailler.] 1. To labM 
with pain ; to toil. 2. To suffer the pangs of childbirth , 
to be in labor. Oen. xxxv. 



* See Synopm. 5, E, T, 0, V, Y, long.~FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PR^Y ;— PIN, MARINE, BJRD;— f Obsolete. 



TRE 



853 



TRE 



f TRAVAIL, '0. t. To harass ; to tire. Hayward. 

TRAV'AIJj, n. 1. Labor with pain ; severe toil 5 [065.] 2. 
Labor in childbirth ; as, a severe travail. 

TRAV'AIL-ING, vpr. Laboring with toil ; laboring in 
childbirth. Is. xlii. 

TRAVE, or TRAVIS, n. [Sp. traha; Fr. entraves.] 1. A 
wooden frame to confine a horse while the smith is set- 
ting his shoes. 2. Beam ; a lay of joists ; a traverse. 

TRAVEL, V, i. [a diflferent orthography and application of 
travail.'^ 1. To walk ; to go or march on foot. 2. To 
journey ; to ride to a distant place in the same country. 

3. To go to a distant country, or to visit foreign states or 
kingdoms, either by sea or land. 4. To pass ; to go ; to 
move. 5. To labor; [see Travail.] 6. To move, walk 
or pass, as a beast, a horse, ox or camel. 

TRAVEL, V. t. 1. To pass; to journey over. 2. To force 
to journey ; [o&s.] 

TRAVEL, n. 1. A passing on foot ; a walking. 2. Jour- 
ney ; a passing or riding from place to place.— 3. Travel, 
or travels, a journeying to a distant country or countries. 

4. The distance which a man rides in the performance of 
his official duties ; or the fee paid for passing that dis- 
tance. U. States. — 5. Travels, in tlie plural, an account 
of occurrences and observations made duritig a jouruey. 
6. Labor; toil; labor in childbirth ; see Travail. 

TRAV ELED, ;»;>. 1. Gained or made by travel; [unusual.'] 
Q^jiart. Rev. 2. a. Having made journeys. Wotton. 

TRAVEL-ER, n. 1. One who travels in any way. Job 
xxxi. 2. One who visits foreign countries. — 3. In ships, 
an iron thimble or thimbles with a rope spliced round 
them, forming a kind of tail or a species of grommet. 

TRAVEL-ING, ppr. 1. Walking ; going ; making a jour- 
ney. Matt. XXV. 2. a. Incurred by travel. 3. Paid for 
travel. 

t TRAVEL-TaINT-ED, a. [travelandi tainted.] Harassed ; 
fatigued with travel. Shak. 

t TRAVERS, ad?;. [Fr. See Traverse.] Across ; athwart. 
Shak. 

TRAVERS-A-BLE, a. [See Traverse, in Zaio.] That may 
be traversed or denied. 

* TRAVERSE, adv. [Fr. a travers.] Athwart ; cross- 
wise. 

* TRAVERSE, prep. Through crosswise. [Little used.] 
TRAVERSE, a. [Fr. traverse ; L. transversus.] Lying 

across ; being in a direction across something else. 

TRAVERSE, n. 1. Any thing laid or built across. 2. 
Something that thwarts, crosses or obstructs ; a cross ac- 
cident. — 3. In fortification, a trench with a little parapet 
for protecting men on the flank ; also, a wall raised across 
a work. — 4. In navigation, frazjerse-sailing is the mode of 
computing the place of a ship by reducing several short 
courses, made by sudden shifts or turns, to one longer 
course.— 5. In law, a denial of what the opposite party 
has advanced in any stage of the pleadings. 6. A turn- 
ing ; a trick. 

TRAVERSE, v. t. 1. To cross ; to lay in a cross direction. 

2. To cross by way of opposition ; to thwart ; to obstruct. 

3. To wander over ; to cross in traveling. 4. To pass 
over and view ; to survey carefully. 5. To tui-n and 
point in any direction. 6. To plane in a direction across 
the grain of the wood. — 7. In law pleadings, to deny what 
the opposite party has alledged. 

TRAVERSE, v. i. 1. In fencing, to use the posture or mo- 
tions of opposition or counteraction. 2. To turn, as on a 
pivot ; to move round ; to swivel. — 3. In the manege, to 
cut the tread crosswise, as a horse that throws his croup 
to one side and his head to the other. 

TRAVERSE-BoARD, 71. [traverse and board.] In a ship, 
a small board to be hung in the steerage, and bored full 
of holes upon lines, showing the points of compass up- 
on it. 

TRAVERSE-Ta-BLE, n. In navigation, a table of differ- 
ence of latitude and departure. 

TR A VERS-ER, n. A term in laic, for one Who traverses or 
opposes a plea. 

TRAVERS-ING, pjjr. Crossing; passing over; thwarting; 
turning; denying. 

TRAVES-TIED, pp. Disguised by dress ; turned into ridi- 
cule. 

TRAVES-TIN, n. [It. travestino.] A kind of white spongy 
stone found in Italy. Ed. Encijc. 

TRAVES-TY, a. Havhig an unusual dress ; disguised by 
dress so as to be ridiculous. 

TRAVES-TY, n. A parody ; a burlesque translation of a 
woik. 

TRAVES-TY, v. t. [Fr. travestir ; It. travestire.] To trans- 
late into such language as to render ridiculous or ludi- 
crous. 

TRAY, n. [Sw.trag; Sax. trog ; Dan. trug.] A small 
trough or wooden vessel, used for domestic purposes. 

TRaY'-TRIP, n. A kind of play. Shak. 

t TReACH'ER, TReACH'ET-OUR, or TREACH'OUR, n. 
[Fr tricheur.] A traitor. Spenser. 

TREACH'ER-OUS, (trech'er-us) c. Violating allegiance or 



faith pledged ; faithless ; traitorous to the state o» aove- 
reign ; perfidious in private life ; betraying a trust 

TREACH'ER-OUS-LY, (trech'er-us-ly) adv. By violating 
allegiance or faith pledged ; by betraying a trust ; faith- 
lessly ; perfidiously. 

TREACH'ER-OUS-NESS, (trech'er-us-nes) 71. Breach of 
allegiance or of faith ; faithlessness ; perfidiousness. 

TREACH'ER-Y, (trech'er-y) n. [Fr. tricheric.] Violation of 
allegiance or of faitli and confidence. 

TPi-EA'CLE, 71. [Fr. theriaque ; It. teriaca ; Sp. triaca ; L 
theriaca.] 1. The spume of sugar in sugar refineries. 2. 
A saccharine fluid, consisting of the inspissated juices or 
decoctions of certain vegetables, as the sap of the birch, 
sycamore, &c. 3. A medicinal compound of vaiious in- 
gredients ; see Theriaca. 

TReA'CLE-MUST'ARD, n. A plant of the genus thlaspi 

TReA'CLE-VVA'TER, n. A compound cordial. 

TREAD, {tred)"v. i. ; pret. trod ; pp. trod, trodden. [Sax 
tradan, tredan ; Goth, trudan ; D. treedeu.] I. To set the 
foot. 2. To walk or go. 3. To walk with form or state. 
4. To copulate, as fowls. — To tread or tread on, to tram- 
ple ; to set the foot on in contempt. 

TREAD, (Ued) v. t. 1. To step or walk on. 2. To press 
under the feet. 3. To beat or press with the feet. 4. To 
walk in a formal or stately manner. 5. To crush under 
the foot ; to trample in contempt or hatred, or to cubdue. 
Ps.xhv. Ix. 6. To compress, as a fowl. 

TREAD, (tred) n. I. A step or stepping ; pressure with the 
foot. 2. Way ; track ; path ; [I. v..] 3. Compression of 
the male fowl. 4. Manner of stepping 

TREAD'ER, (tred'er) n. One who treads. Is. xvi. 

TREAD'ING, (tred'ing) ppr. Stepping ; pressing with the 
foot ; walking on. 

TREAD'LE, or TRED'DLE, n. 1. The part of a loom or 
other machine which is moved by the tread or foot. 2. 
The albuminous cords which unite the yelk of the egg to 
the_white. 

jTReAGUE, (treeg) n. [Goth, triggwa ; It. tregua ; Ice 
tri_gd.] A truce. Spenser. 

TReA'SON, (tre'zn) n. [Fr. trahison.] Treason is the 
highest crime of a civil nature of which a man can be 
guilty. In general, it is the offense of attempting to over- 
throw the government of the state to which the offender 
owes allegiance, or of betraying the state into the hands 
of a foreignpower. — Treason, in Great Britain, is of two 
kinds, high treason and petit treason. High treason is a 
crime that immediately affects the king or state. — Petit 
treason involves a breach of fidelity, but affects individ- 
uals. 

TReA'SON-A-BLE, (tre'zn-a-bl) a. Pertaining to treason ; 
consisting of treason ; involving the crime of treason, or 
partaking of its guilt. 

TReA'SON-A-BLE-NESS, n. State or quality of being 
treasonable. Jlsh. 

t TRiSA'i50N-OUS, for treasonable. 

TREAS'URE, (trezh'ur) n. [Fr. tresor ; Sp., It. tesauro.] I. 
Wealth accumulated ; particularhj, a stock or store of 
money in reserve. 2. A great quantity of any thing col- 
lected for future use. 3. Something very much valued. 
Ps. cxxxv. 4. Great abundance. 

TREAS'URE, (trezh'ur) v. t. To hoard ; to collect and re- 
posit, either money or other things, for future use; to 
lav up. 

TREAS'URE-CIT-Y, (trezh'ur-sit-y) ?i. A city for stores 
and magazines. Ex. i. 

TREAS'URED, (trezh'urd) a»- Hoarded ; laid up for future 
use. 

TREAiS'URE-HOUSE, (trezto'ur-house) v. A house or 
building where treasures and stores are kept. Taylor. 

TREAS'UR-ER, (trezh ur-er) n. One who has the care of a 
treasure or treasury ; an officer who receives the public 
money arising from taxes and duties or other sources of 
revenue, takes charge of the same, and disburses it upon 
orders drawn by the proper authority. 

TREAS'UR-ER-SHIP, (trezh'ur-er-ship) n. The office of 
treasurer. 

TREAS'UR-ESS, (trezh'ur-es) n. A female who has charge 
of a treasure. Bering. 

TREAS'URE-TROVE, (trezh'ur-trove) n [treasure, and 
Fr. trouve.] Any money, bullion and the like, found in 
the earth, the owner of which is not known. Eng. Late. 

TREASUR-Y, (trezh'ur-y) n. 1. A place or building in 
which stores of wealth are reposited ; particularly, a place 
where the public revenues are deposited and kept. 2. A 
building appropriated for keeping public money. John viii. 
3. The officer or officers of the treasury department. 4. 
A repository of abundance. Ps. cxxxv. 

TREAT, V. t. [Fr. trailer ; It. trattare ; Sp. tratar ; L. trac- 
to ; Sax. trahtian.] 1. To handle ; to manage ; to use. 2. 
To discourse on. 3. To handle in a particular manner, in 
writing or speakmg. 4. To entertain without expense to 
the guest. 5. To negotiate ; to settle ; [obs.] 6. To 
manage in the application of remedies. 

TREAT, v.i. 1. To discourse; to handle in writing 01 



' See Sjjnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE — C as K : 6 a.s J ; S as Z ; CH a« SH ; TH as in this, f Ohsolet" 



TRE 



854 



TRE 



managed ; used ; discoursed 



speaking ; lo make discussions. 2. To come to terms of 
accommodation. 3. To make gratuitous entertainment. 

TREAT, n. 1. An entertainment given. 2. Something 
given for entertainment. — 3. Emphatically, a rich enter- 
tainment. 

t TREAT' A-BLE, a. Moderate ; not violent. Temple. 

t TREAT' A-BLY, adv. Moderately. Hooker. 

TReAT'ED, pp. Handled 
on; entertained. 

TReAT'ER, n. One that treats ; one that handles or dis- 
cqiirses on ; one that entertains. 

TRe AT ilNG, ppr. Handling; managing; using; discours- 
ing on ; entertaining. 

TReAT iSE, 71. [L. tractatTis.] A tract ; a vv'ritten compo- 
sition on a particular subject, in which the principles of it 
arejliscussed or explained. 

fTREAT'IS-ER, n. One vpho writes a treatise. Featley. 

TReAT'MENT, 71. [Fr. traitemcnt.] 1. Management; 
manipulation ; manner of mixing or combining, of de- 
composing, and the like. 2. Usage ; manner of using ; 
good or bad behavior towards. 3. Planner of applying 
remedies to cure ; mode or Qourse pursued to check and 
de_stroy. 4. Manner of applying remedies to. 

TReAT'Y, n. [Ft. traite : It. trattato.] I. Negotiation ; 
act of treating for the adjustment of differences, or for 
forming an agreement. 2. An agreement, league or con- 
tract between two or more nations or sovereigns. 3. En- 
treaty ; lohs ] Shak. 

TReAT'Y-MaK-ING, a. The trea«y-77iaA;i7i^ power is lodged 
in the executive government. 

*TREB'LE, (trib'l) a. [Fr. fTnpZe ,• l.. triplex.] 1. Three- 
fold ; triple. — 2. In music, acute ; sharp. 3. That plays 
the higliest part or most acute sounds ; that plays the 
treble. 

* TREB'LE, (trib'l) 7i. In music, the part of a symphony 
whose sounds are highest or most acute. 

* TREB'LE, (trib'l) v.t. llj.tripUco : Fr. tripler.] To make 
thrice as much ; to make throefold. 

* TREB'LE, (trib 1) v. i. To became threefold. 

* TREB'LE-NESS, (trib'1-nes) -n. The state of being treble. 

* TREBLY, (tribiy) adv. In a threefold number or 
quantity. 

TRE-BU€K'tT, n. A cucking-stool ; a tumbrel. 

TREE, n. [Sax. treo, treow ; Dan. tree; Sw. tra.] 1 The 
general name of the largest of the vegetable kind, consist- 
ing of a firm woody stem, springing from woody roots, 
and spreading above Into branches which terminate in 
leaves. 2. Something resembhng a tree, consisting of a 
stem, or stalk, and branches.— 3. In ship-building, pieces 
of timber are called chess-trees, cross-trees, roof-trees, 
tressel-trees, &c. — 4. In Scripture, a cross, jicts x. 5. 
Wood; [obs.] Wicliffe. 

TREE'-FROG, 71. [tree ^nAfrotr.'] A species of frog. 

TREE'-6ER-MAN'DER, n. A plant. 

TREE'-LOUSE, n. An insect of the senus avliis. 

TREE'-MOSS, 7!. A species of lichen. Cijc. 

fTREEN, a. Wooden ; made of wood. Camden. 

t TREEJSr,_7i. TJie old plural of tree. B. Jonson. 

TREE'-NaIL, 7i. [tree and Jiail ; commonly pronounced 
trunnel.] A long wooden pin, used in fastening the 
planks of a ship to the timbers. 

TREE'-OF-LlFE, 7i. An evergreen tree of the genus thuja. 

TREE'-ToAD, v. [tree and toad.] A small species of toad 
in North America, found on trees. 

TRe'FOIL, n. [Fr. trefle ; L. trifolium.] The common name 
for many plants. Cyc. 

TREIL'LAgE, (trel'laj) n. [Fr,] In gardening, a sort of 
rail- work, consisting of light posts and' rails. 

TREL'LIS, n. [Fr. treillis.] In gardening, a structure or 
frame of cross-barred work, or lattice work, used like the 
treillage for supportijig plants. 

TREL'LiSED, a. Having a trellis or trellises. Her''"'rt. 

TREM'BLE, v. i. [Fr. trembler : L. treirw.] 1. To shake 
involuntarily, as with fear, cold or weakness ; to quake ; 
to quiver ; to shiver ; to shudder. 2. To shake ; to quiver ; 
to totter. 3. To quaver ; to shake, as sound. 

TREM'BLE-MENT, n. In French music, a trill or shake. 

TREM'BI-ER, n. One that trembles. 

TREM'BLING, ppr. Shaking, as with fear, cold or weak- 
ness ; quaking ; shivering. 

TREM'BLING-LY, adv. So as to shake ; with shivering or 
quaking. Shak. 

TREM'BLING-POP-LAR, n. The aspen-tree. 

TRE-ME^' DOUS, a. [L. tremendus.] 1. Such as may ex- 
cite feat or terror ; terrible ; dreadful. 2. Violent ; such 
as may astonish by its force and violence. 

TRE-]MEN'DOUS-LY, adv. In a manner to terrify or aston- 
ish ; with great violence. 

TRE-MEN'DOUS-NESS, v. The state or quality of being 
tremendous, terrible or violent. 

TREM'O-LITE, n. A mineral, so called from Tremola, a 
valley in the Alps, wJiere it was discovered. 

TRe'MOR, 71. [L.] An involuntary trembling; a shivering 
or shaking ; a quivering or \ibratory motion. 



TREM'U-LOUS, a. [L. tremulus.] 1. Trembling ; affected 
with fear or timidity. 2. Shaking ; shivering •, quivermg 

TREM'U-LOUS-LY, adv. With quivering or trepidation. 

TREM'U-LOUS-NESS, n. The state of trembling. 

TREN, 71. A fish spear. 

TRENCH, V. t. [Fr. trancher ; It. tri.nciare.] 1. To cut or 
dig, as a ditch, a channel for water, or a long Ijollow in 
tlie earth. 2. To fortify by cutting a ditch and raising a 
rampart or breast-work of earth thrown out of the ditch 

3. To furrow ; to form with deep furrows by ploughing 

4. To cut a long gash ; [obs.] 
TRENCH, V. i. To encroach. See Entrench. 
TRENCH, n. 1. A long, narrow cut in the earth ; a ditch 

— 2. In fortification, a deep ditch cut for defense, or to in- 
terrupt the approach of an enemy.— To open the trenches, 
to begin to dig, or to form the lines of approach. 

TREINCH'ANT, c. [Fi.tranchant.] Cutting ; sharp. [L. u." 

TRENCHED, pp. Cut into long hollows or ditches. 

TRENCH'ER, n. [Fr. trajichoir.] 1. A wooden plate. 9 
The table. 3. Food ; pleasures of the table. 

TRENCH'ER-FLY, 7*. [trencher and fly.] One that haunts 
the tables of others ; a parasite. L'Estrange. 

TRENCH'ER-FRIEND, n. [trencher and frieyid.] One who 
fj-equents the tables of others ; a spunger. 

TRENCH'ER-MAN, 71. [trencher and man.] 1. A feeder; 
a great eater. Shak. 2. A cook; [obs.] 

TRENCH ER-M ATE, 71. A table companion ; a parasite. 

TRENCH'ING, ppr. Cutting into trenches ; digging. 

TRENCH'-FLOUGH, 71. A kind of plough for opening land 
to a greater depth than that of common furrows. 

TRENCH -PLOUGH, 7;. t. [trench and plough.] To plough 
with deep furrows. 

TRENCH'-PLOUGH-ING, ti. The practice or operation of 
ploughing with deep furrows. Cyc. 

TREND, r. i. To run ; to stretch ; to tend ; to have a par- 
ticular direction. 

TREND, 7). That part of the stock of an anchor from which 
the size is taken. Cyc. 

TREND, V. t. In rural economy, to free wool from Its filth. 
[Local.] Cyc. 

TREND'ER, 7i. One whose business is to free wool from 
its filth. [Local] Cyc. 

TRENDING, ppr. 1. Running; tending. 2. Cleaning 
wool ; [local.] 

TREND'ING, n. The operation of freeing wool from filth 
of various kinds. Cyc. 

TREN'DLE, 71. [Sax. trendel.] Any thing round used in 
turning or rolling ; a little wheel. 

TREN'TAL, ^ 7u [Fr. trejite.] An office for the dead in 

TREN'TALS, ) the Romish service, consisting of thirty 
masses rehearsed for thirty days successively. 

TRE-PAN', n. [Fr. trepan ; It. trapano.] In surgery, a cir- 
cular saw for perforating the skull. Cyc. 

TRE-PAN', V. t. To perforate the skull and take out a piece ; 
a surgical operation for relieving the brain from pressure 
or irritation. Cyc. 

TRE-PAN', a snare, and TRE-PAN', to Insnare, are from 
trap, and written trapan, which see. 

TRE-PAN'NED, (tre-pand') pp. Having the skull perforated. 

TRE-PAN'NER, n. One who trepans. 

TRE-PAN'NING, ppr. Perforating the skull with a tre- 
pan. 

TRE-PAN'NING , n. The operation of making an opening 
in the skull, for relieving the brain from compression or 
irritation. Cyc. 

TREPH'INE, 71. An instrument for trepanning. 

TREPH'INE, V. t. To perforate with a trephine ; to tre- 
pan. Cyc. 

tTREP'ID, a. ['L.trepidus.] Trembling; quaking. 

TREP-I-DaTION, n. [L. trepidatio.] 1. An involuntary 
trembling ; a quaking or quivering, particularly from fear 
or terror ; hence, a state of terror. 2. A trembling of the 
limbs, as in paralytic afiections. — 3. In the old astronomy, 
a libration of the eighth sphere, or a motion which the 
Ptolemaic system ascribes to the firmament, to account 
for tlie changes and motion of the axis of the world. 4. 
Hurrv ; confused haste. 

TRESSPASS, 1-. i. [Norm, trespasser.] 1. Liter ally, to -pass 
beyond ; hence, primarily, to pass over the boundary line 
of another's land ; to enter unlawfully upon the land of 
another. 2. To commit any offense or to do any act that 
Injures or annoys another ; to violate any rule of rectitude 
to the injury of another. — 3. In a moral sense, to transgress 
voluntarily any divine law or command ; to violate any 
known rule of duty. 4. To intrude ; to gc too far ; to put 
to inconvenience by demand or importunity. 

TRES'PASS, n. 1. In laic, violation of another's rights, 
not amounting to treason, felony, or misprision of either. 
2. Any injury or offense done to another. 3. Any volun- 
tary transgression of the moral law ; any violation of a 
known rule of duty ; sin. Col. ii. 

TRESTASS-ER, 71. ]. One who commits a trespass; one 
who enters upon another's land or violates his rights. 2 
A transgressor of the moral law ; an offender ; a sinner. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, t, o, tl, Y, long.— FAR. FALL., WHAT -.—PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



TRI 



855 



TRI 



TRES'PASS-ING, pfr. Entering another man's inclosure j 

injuring on annoying another ; violating a law. 
TEESS, n. [Ft., Dan. tresse ; Sw. tress.] A knot or curl of 

hair ; a ringlet. Pope. 
TRESSED, a. 1. Having tresses. 2. Curled ; formed into 

ringlets. Spenser. 
TRESS'URE, (tresh'ur) n In heraldry, a kind of border. 

Warton. 
TRES'TLE, (tresi) n. [Ft. treteau.] 1. The frame of a ta- 
ble. 2. A movable form for supporting any thing.— 3. 
In bridges, a frame consisting cf two posts with a 
head or cross beam and braces, on which rest the string- 
pieces. 

TRET, n. [probably from L. tritus.] In commerce, an al- 
lowance to purchasers, for waste or refuse matter, of four 
per cent, on the weight of commodities. 

TRETH'INGS, n. [W. treth, a tax ; trethu.] Taxes ; im- 
posts. 

TREV'ET, n. [three-feet, tripod ; Fr. trepied.] A stool or 
other thing that is supported by three legs. 

TREY, ?!. [1.. trcs ; Eng. three; Fr. trois.] A three at 
cards ; a card of three spots. Shak. 

TRI, a prefix in words of Greek and Latin origin, signifies 
tJiree, from Gr. rpeis. 

TRi'A-BLE, a. [from try.] 1, That may be tried ; that 
may be subjected to trial or test. Boyle. 2. That may 
undergo a judicial examination ; that may properly come 
under the cognizance of a court. 

TRi-A-€ONT-A-Hk'DRAL, a. [Gr. rpiaKovra and iSpa.] 
Having thirty sides. — In mineralogy, bounded by thirty 
rhombs. 

TRI'A-€0XT-ER, n. [Gr. rpiaKovrripris.] In ancient Greece, 
avessel of thirty oars. Mitford. 

TRi'AD, n. [L. trias, from tres.] The union of three ; 
three united. — In music, the common chord or harmony, 
consisting of the third, fifth and eighth. 

TRi'AL, 7). [irovntry.] 1. Any effort or exertion of strength 
for the purpose of ascertaining its efi'ect, or what can be 
done. 2. Examination by a test ; experiment. 3. Ex- 
periment ; act of examining by experience. 4. Experi- 
ence ; suffering that puts strength, patience or faith to the 
test ; afflictions or temptations that exercise and prove the 
graces or virtues of men. — 5. In lavi, the examination 
of a cause in controversy between parties, before a proper 
tribunal. 6. Temptation ; test of virtue. 7. State of being 
tried. 

TRT-ALI-TY, n. [from three.] Three united ; state of be- 
ing three. [Little used.] Wharton. 

TRT-AN'DER, n. [Gr. rptij and avr]^.] A plant having 
three stamens. 

TRl-AN'DRI-AISr, a. Having three stamens. 

TRi'AN-GLE, n. [Fr. ; L. trianguliim.] In geometry, a fig- 
ure bounded by three lines, and containing three angles. 

TRi-AN'GLED, a. Having three angles. 

TRi-AN'GU-LAR, a. Having three angles. — In botany, a 
triangular stem has three prominent longitudinal angles. 

TRi-AN'GU-LAR-LY, adv. After the form of a triansle. 

TEi-A'RI-AN, a. [L. triarii.] Occupying the third post. 

TRIBE, n. [W. trev : Gael, treabh ; L. tribn^.] 1. A family, 
race or series of generations, descending fronv the same 
progenitor and kept distinct, as in the case of the twelve 
tribes of Israel. 2. A division, class or distinct portion of 
people, from whatever cause that distinction may have 
originated. 3. A number of things having certain char- 
acters or resemblances in common. 4. A division j a 
number considered collectively. 5. A nation of savages ; 
a body of rude people united under one leader or govern- 
ment. 6. A number of persons of any character or pro- 
fession ; in contempt. 

TRIBE, V. t. To distribute into tribes or classes. [L. ji.] 

TRIB'LET, or TRIB'OU-LET, n. A goldsmith's tool for 
making rings. Ainsworth. 

TRI-BOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. rp£/3w and (lerpov.] An instru- 
ment to ascertain the degree of friction. 

TRI'BRA€H, 7?. [Gr. t^ek and /3pa%'j?.] In ancient proso- 
dii, a poetic foot of three short syllables, as melius. 

TRI-BRA€'TE-ATE, a. Having three bracts about the 
flower. 

TEIB-U-La'TION, 7?. [Fr. ; L. trilulo.] Severe affliction ; 
distresses of life ; vexations. 

TRI-BU'NAL, n. [L. tribunal.] 1. Properly, the seat of a 
judge ; the bench on which a' judge and his associates sit 
"for "administering justice. — 2. More generally, a court of 
justice. — 3. [Fr. tribunel.] In Franc}:, a gallery or emi- 
nence in a church or other place, in which the musical 
performers are placed for a concert. 

TRIB'U-NA-RY, a. Pertaining to tribunes. 

TRIB'UNE, 7?. [Fr. tribnn ; L. tribunus ; Sp., It. tribuno.] 
1 In ancient Rome, an officer or magistrate chosen by the 
people to protect them from the oppression of the patri- 
cians or nobles, and to defend their liberties against any 
attempts that might be made upon them by the senate and 
consuls. — 2. In France, a pulpit or elevated place in the 



chamber of deputies, where a speaker stands to address 
the assembly, 

TRIB'UNE-SHIP, n. The office of a tribune. .Addison. 

TRIB-U-Ni"CIAN, ) a. 1. Pertaining to tribunes. 2. Suit- 

TRIB-U-Ki"TIAL, ^ ing a tribune. 

TRIB'U-TA-RY, a. I. Paying tribute to another. 2. Sub- 
ject j subordinate. 3. Paid in tribute. 4. Yielding sup- 
plies of any thing. 

TRIB'U-TA-RY, n. One that pays tribute or a stated sum 
for the purpose of securing peace and protection, or as an 
acknowledgment of submission. 

TRIBiUTE, n. [Fr. tribut ; L. tributum.] 1. An annual or 
stated sum of money or other valuable thing, paid by one 
prince or nation to another, either as an acknowledgment 
of submission, or as the price of peace and protection, or 
by virtue of some treaty. 2. A personal contribution. 3. 
Something given or contributed. 

TRl-€AP'SU-LAR, a. [L. tres and capsula.] In botany, 
three-capsuled ; having three capsules to each flower 

TRICE, V. t. [W. treisiaw.] In seamen's language, to haul 
and tie up by means of a small rope or line. JMar. Diet. 

TRICE, n. A very short time ; an instant ; a moment. 

TRT-CHOT'0-MOUS, a. Divided into three parts, or divid- 
ed by threes. jMartyn. 

TRi-€H0T'0-MY, n. [Gr. rpi^a and refivo).] Division into 
three parts. TVatts. 

TRICK, n. [D. trek ; G. trug, betrug ; Dan. trekke ; Fr. 
tricher.] I. An artifice or stratagem for the purpose of de- 
ception 5 a fraudful contrivance for an evil purpose, or an 
underhand scheme to impose upon the world ; a cheat or 
cheating. 2. A dextrous artifice. 3. Vicious practice. 
4. The sly artifice or legerdemain of a juggler. 5. A col- 
lection of cards laid together. 6. An unexpected event. 
7. A particular habit or manner ; as, he has a trick of 
drumming with his fingers. 

TRICK, V. t. To deceive ; to impose on ; to defraud. 

TRICK, V. t. [W. treciaic] To dress ; to decorate ; to set 
off; to adorn fantastically. Pope. 

TRICK, V. i. To live by deception and fraud. Dryden. 

TRICKED, pp. Cheated ; deceived : dressed. 

TRICK 'ER ) 

TRICK'STER "* ^"® ^'^° tricks; a deceiver ; a cheat. 

TRICK'ER, 7!.' A trigger. See Trigger. 

TRICK'ER-Y, n. The art of dressing up ; artifice ; strata- 
gem. Burke. 

TRICK'ING, p;??-. 1. Deceiving ; cheating; defrauding. 2. 
Dressing ; decorating. 

TRICK'ING, 7!. Dress : ornament. Shak. 

TRICK'ISH, a. Artful in making bargains ; given to decep- 
tion and cheating ; knavish. Pope. 

TRICKLE, V. I. [allied, perhaps, toGr. 7-p£;^;w, to run, and a 
diminutive.] To flow in a small, gentle stream ; to run 
down. 

TRICK'LING, ppr. Flowing down in a small, gentle stream. 

TRICK'LWG, 71. The act "of flowing in a small, gentle 
stream. Wiseman. 

tTRICK'MENT, n. Decoration. 

TRICK'SY, a. [from trick.] Pretty ; brisk. [L. u.] Shak. 

TRICK-TRACK, «. A game at tables. 

TRi-CLIN'IA-RY, a. [L. tricliniaris.] Pertaining to a couch 
for dining, or to the ancient mode of reclming at table. 

TRi-COC'COUS, a. [L. tres and coccus.] A tricoccous or 
three-grained capsule is one which is swelling out in three 
protuberances, internally divided into three cells, with 
one seed in each, as in euphorbia. 

TRT-COR'PO-RAL, a. [L. tricorpor.] Having three bodies, 

TRi-CUS'Pl-DATE, a. [L. tres and cuspis.] In botany 
three-pointed ; ending in three points. 

TRi-DAC'TYL-OUS, a. [Gr. Tpei? and SaKTvXog.] Having 
three toes. 

TRIDE, a. Among hunters, short and ready ; fleet. 

TRl'DENT,7i. [Fr. ; L. tridens.] In mythology, a kind of 
sceptre or spear with three prongs, which the fables of an- 
tiquity put into the hands of A'eptune, the deity of the 
ocean. 

TRi'DENT, or TRi'DENT-ED, a. Having three teeth or 
prongs. 

TRl-DENT'ATE, a. [L. tres and dens.] Having three 
te_eth_. Lee. 

TRi-Di-A-Pa'SON, 71. [tri and diapason.] In music, a triple 
octave or twenty-second. Busby. 

TRi'DING. SecTRiTHiNG. 

TRi-DO-DE-CA-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. rpsti, and dodecahe- 
dral.] In cry sialography, presenting three ranges effaces, 
one above another, each containing twelve faces. 

TRID'U-AN, a. [L. triduum.] Lasting three days, or hap- 
pening every third day. [Little v^ed.] 

TRi-EN'NI-AL, a. [Fr. tricnnal : L. triennis, triennium.] 
1. Continuing three years. 2. Happening every three 
years. 

TRi-EN'NI-AL-LY, adv. Once in three years. 

TRi'ER, 71. 1. One who tries ; one who makes experiments : 
one who examines any thing by a test or standard. 2. 



» Srf Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE :— B^JLL, UNITE.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this f Obsolete 



TRl 



856 



TRl 



One who tries judicially ; a judge who tries a person or 
cause ; a juryman.. 3. A test j that which tries or ap- 
proves. Shak. 

TRIER- ARCH, n. [Gr. TOirjptjs and ap^^os.] In ancient 
Qreece, the commander of a trireme. 

TRI-E-TER'I-€AL, a. [L. trietericus .'] Triennial ; kept or 
occurring once in three years. [Little used,^, 

TRi'FAL-LoW, v. t. [L. tres Q.r\A fallow .] To plough land 
the third time before sowing. Mortimer. 

TRIF'ID, a. [L. trifidus.] In botany^ divided into three 
parts ; three-cleft. 

TRi-FIS'TU-LA-RY, a. [L. tres and fistula.] Having three 
pipes. Brown. 

TRi'FLE, 71. [It coincides with trivial, which see.] A thing 
of very little value or importance. Young. 

TRi'FLE, V. i. 1. To act or talk without seriousness, grav- 
ity, weight or dignity ; to act or talk with levity. 2. To 
indulge in light amusements. Law. — To trifle with, to 
mock; to play the fool with. — To trifle xoith, or to trifle 
away, to spend in vanity ; to waste to no good purpose. 
^Rl'FLE, V. t. To make of no importance. 

TRi'FLER, n. One who trifles or acts with levity. Bacon. 

TRi'FLING, ppr. 1. Acting or talking with levity, or with- 
out seriousness or being in earnest. 2. a. Being of small 
value or importance ; trivial. 

TRi'FLING, n. Employment about things of no import- 
ance. 

TRI'FLING-LY, adv. In a trifling manner ; with levity ; 
without seriousness or dignity. Locke. 

TRi'FLING-NESS, n. 1. Levity of manners ; lightness. 
Entick. 2. Smallness of value; emptiness; vanity. 

TRIF'LO-ROUS, a. [1.. tres and flos,f,oris.] Three-flow- 
ered j^ bearing three flowers. Martyn. 

TRi-Fo'LI-ATE, a. [L. tres and folium.] Having three 
leaves. Harte. 

TRi-Fo'LI-O-LATE, a. Having three folioles. 

TRI'FO-LY, n. Sweet trefoil. [See Trefoil.] Mason. 

TRi'FORM, a. [L. trifomiis.] Having a triple form or shape. 
Milton. 

TRIG, v.t. [W. tngaw. See Trigger.] 1. To fill; to 
stuff'; [obs.] 2. To stop, as a wheel. Bailey. 

t TRIG, a. Full ; trim ; neat. 

TRIG'A-MY, n. [Gr. rpui and yap-og.] State of being mar- 
ried three times ; or the state of having three husbands or 
three wives at the same time. 

TRIG'GER, w. [W.trigaw; Dan. trekker, trtjkker.] 1. A 
catch to hold the wheel of a carriage on a declivity. 2. 
The catch of a musket or pistol • ^he part which, being 
pulled, looses the lock for strikmg hre. 

TRT-GIN'TALS, n. [L. triginta.] Trentals ; the number of 
thirty masses to be said for the dead. 

TRIG'LYPH, n. [Gr. rpeis and y'Sv(pr].] An ornament in 
the frieze of the Doric column, repeated at equal inter- 
vals. 

TRIG'ON, n. [Gr. rpsii and yuvia.] I. A triangle ; a term 
used in astrology ; also, trine, an aspect of two planets 
distant 120 degrees from each other. 2. A kind of trian- 
gular lyre or harp. 

*TRIG'0-NAL, ) a. 1. Triangular; having three angles or 

TRIG'O-NOUS, \ corners.— 2. In botany, having three 
prominent longitudinal angles. 

TRIG-0-NO-MET'RI-€AL, a. Pertaining to trigonometry ; 
performed bv or according to the rules of trigonometry.' 

TRIG-0-NO-MET'RI-€AL-LY, adv. According to the rules 
or principles of trigonometry. Asiat. Res. 

TRIG-0-NOM'E-TRY, n. [Gr. rpiyoivos and (.erpto).] The 
measuring of triangles ; the science of determining the 
sides and angles of triangles, by means of certain parts 
which are given. 

TRi'GYN, n. [Gr. rptis and yvvq.] In botany, a plant hav- 
ing three pistils. 

TRl-GYN'I-AN, a. Having three pistils. 

TRi-He'DRAL, a. Having three equal sides. 

TRi-He'DROZn", n. [Gr. rptts and e6pa.] A figure having 
three^ equal sides. 

TRI-Ju'GOUS, a. [L. tres and jugum.] In botany, having 
three pairs. 

TRi-LAT'ER-AL, a. [Fr., from L. tres, three, and latus, 
side.] Having three sides. 

TRi-LIT'ER-AL, a. [L. fre5, three, and litera, letter.] Con- 
sisting of three letters. 

TRi-LIT'ER-AL, n. A word consisting of three letters. 

TRILL, 71. [It. trillo ; Dan. trille ; G. triller.] A quaver ; 
a shake of the voice in singing, or of the sound of an in- 
strument. 

TRILL, V. t. [It. trillare.] To utter with a quavering or 
tremulousness of voice ; to shake. Thomson. 

TRILL, V. i. 1. To flow in a small stream, or in drops rap- 
idly succeeding each ot!ier ; to trickle. 9. To shake or 
quaver ; to play in treiiiulous vibrations of sound. 

TRILLED. PI. Shaken ; uttered with rapid vibrations. 

TRILLING, ppr. Uttering with a quavering or shake. 

TRILI/ION, (tril'yun) n. [a word formed arbitrarily of 



three, or Gr. fpiTog, and million.] The product of a million 
multiplied by a million, and that product multiplied by a 
million ; or the product of the square of a million multipli 
ed by_a million. 

TRi-Lo'BATE, a. [L. tres and lobus.] Having three lobes 

TRl-LOC'U-LAR, a. [L. tres and locus.] In botany, three- 
celled ; having three cells for seeds. 

TRi-Lu'MI-NAR, ; a. [L. tres and lumen.] Having three 

TRi-LtJ'MI-NOUS, \ lights. 

TRIM, a. [Sax. trum, tryman.] Firm ; compact ; tight ; 
snug ; being in good order. 

TRIM, V. t. [Sax. trumian, trymian.] 1. In a general sense, 
to make right, that is, to put in due order for any purpose. 
2. To dress ; to put the body ni a proper state. 3. To 
decorate ; to invest or embe'lish with extra ornaments. 
4. To clip, as the hair of tne head ; also, to shave ; that 
is, to put in due order. 5. To lop, as superfluous branch- 
es ; to prune. 6. To supply with oil ; as, to trim a lamp. 
7. To make neat ; to adjust. — 8. In carpentry, to dress, as 
timber ; to make smooth. 9. To adjust the cargo of a 
ship, or tiie weight of persons or goods in a boat, so equal- 
ly on each side of the centre and at each end, that she 
shall sit well on the water and sail well. 10. To rebuke ; 
to reprove sharply. 11. To arrange in due order for sail- 
ing. — To trim in, in carpentry, to fit, as a piece of timber 
into other work. Moxon. — To trim up, to dress ; to put in 
order. 

TRIM, V. i. To balance ; to fluctuate between parties, soeis 
to appear to favor each. South. 

TRIM, n. 1. Dress: gear; ornaments. 2. The state of a 
ship or her cargo, ballast, masts, &;c., by which she is well 
prepared for sailing. 

TRIM'E-TER, n. A poetical division of verse, consisting 
of three measures. Lowth. 

TRIM'E-TER, ) a. [Gr. rpiiierpos.] Consisting of three 

TRl-MET'RI-€AL, \ poetical measures, forming an iam- 
bic of six feet. 

TRIM'LY, adv. Nicely ; neatly ; in good order. Spenser. 

TRIMMED, pp. Put in good order ; dressed ; ornamented ; 
clipped ; shaved ; balanced ; rebuked. 

TRIMMER, n. ]. One that trims; a time-server. 2. A 
piece of timber fitted in. Moxon. 

TRIM'MING, ppr. Putting in due order ; dressing ; decor- 
ating ; pruning ; balancing ; fluctuating between parties. 

TRIM'MING, ?;. Ornamental appendages to a garment, as 
lace, ribbons and the like. 

TRIM'NES^, 7!. Neatness; snugness ; the state of being 
close and in good order. 

TRI'NAL, a. [L. trinus.] Threefold. Milton. 

TRINE, a. Threefold ; as, trine dimension, that is, length, 
breadth and thickness. 

TRINE, n. In astrology, the aspect of planets distant from 
each other 120 degrees, forming the figure oi a trigon or 
triangle. 

TRINE, v.t. To put in the aspect of a trine. Dryden. 

TRi-NERV'ATE, a. In botany, liaving three nerves or un- 
branched vessels meeting behind or beyond the base 

TRi'NERVE, \ a. In botany, a trinerved or three-nerved 

TRT NERVED, S leaf has three nerves or unbranched 
vessels meeting in the base of the leaf. 

TRIN'GLE,7t. [Fi.] In aj-c/titeciure, a little square member 
or ornament, as a Hstel, reglet, platband and the like, but 
particularly a little member fixed exactly over every trig- 
lyph. 

TRIN-1-Ta'RT-AN, a Pertaining to the Trinity, or to the 
doctrine of the Trinity. 

TRIN-I-Ta'RI-AN, n. 1. One who believes the doctrine of 
the Trinity. 2. One of an order of religious, who made it 
their business to redeem Christians from infidels. 

TRIN'I-TY, n, [L. trinitas ; tres and unus, unitas, one, 
unity.] In theology, the union of three persons in one 
Gcdhead, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. 

TRINK'ET, 7!. 1. A small ornament, as a jewel, a ring and 
the lilte. 2. A thing of little value ; tackle ; tools. 

TRi-No'MI-AL, a. [L. tres and nomen.] In mathematics, a 
trinomial root is a root consisting of three parts. 

TRI-No'MI-AL, n. A root of three terms or parts. 

TRi'O, n, A concert of three parts ; three united. 

t TRI-OB'O-LAR, a. [L. triobolaris.] Of the value of three 
oboli ; mean ; worthless. Cheyne. 

TRT-Oe-TA-IIE'DRAL, a. [tri and octahedral.] In crystal- 
ography, presenting three ranges of faces, one above an- 
other, each range containing eignt faces. 

TRl-0€''TlLE, n. [L. tres and octo.] In astrology, an as- 
pect of two planets witli regard to the earth, when they 
are three octants, or eight parts of a circle, that is, 135 de- 
grees, distant from each other. 

TRI'OR, ) n. In law, a person appointed by the court to ex- 

TRl'ER, \ amine whether a challenge to a panel of jurors, 
or to any juror, is just. 

TRIP, V. i. [G. trippeln ,• D. trippen ; Sw. trippa ; Dan. trip- 
per.] 1. To supplant ; to cause to fall by striking the feet 
suddenly from under the person ; usually followed by up. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I O t!, ■?, lung.— FS.R, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ,— f Obsolete 



TRI 



857 



TRI 



2 To supplant ; to overthrow by depriving of support. 
3. To catch ; to detect. 4. To loose an anchor from the 
bottom by its cable or buoy-rope. 
TllIP, V. i. 1. To stumble ; to strike the foot against some- 
tliing so as to lose the step and come near to fall ; or to 
stumble and fail. 2. To err ; to fail ; to mistake ; to be de- 
ficient. 
TRIP, V. i. [At. tariba; G. treppe.] 1. To run or step 
lightly ; to walk with a light step. 2. To take a voyage 
or journey. 
TRIP, 71. 1 . A stroke or catch by which a wrestler supplants 
his antagonist. 2. A stumble by the loss of foot-hold, or a 
striking of the foot against an object. 3. A failure j a 
mistake. 4. A journey; or a voyage. — 5. Imiavigation, 
a single board in plying to windward. — 6. Among farm- 
ers, a small flock of sheep, or a small stock of them ; [local.] 
TRIFAR-TITE, a. [Fr. ; L. tripartitus.] 1. Divided into 
three parts. 2. Having three corresponding parts or 
copies. 
TRi-PAR-Ti"TION, n. A division by three, or the taking 

of a third part of any number or quantity. Cyc. 
TRIPE, 71. [Fr. ; Sp. tripa ; It. trippa ; G. tripp.] 1. Prop- 
erly, the entrails ; but in common usage, the large stom- 
ach of ruminating animals, prepared for food. — 2. In ludi- 
crous language, the belly. 
* TRIP'E-D^IL, a. [L. tres andpes.] Having three feet. 
TRiPE'-MAN, 71. A man who sells tr'pe. Swift. 
TRI-PEN'NATE, or Tfil-PIN'NATE, a. [L. tres and^^eTi- 
na, or pinna.\ In botany, a tripinnate leaf is a species of 
superdecompound leaf, when a petiole has bipinnate 
lejives ranged on each side of it, as in common fern. 
TRi-PER'SON-AL, a. [L. tres and persona.] Consisting of 

three persons. Milton. 
TRi-PER-SON-AL'I-TY, n. The state of existing in three 

persons in one Godhead. Milton. 
TRI-PET'A-LOUS, a. [Gr. rpet? and TrrraXov.] In botany, 

three-petaled ; having three petals or flower-leaves. 
TRi'PHANE, n. A mineral, spodumene. Ure. 
TRIPH'THONG, (trip'thong) n. [Gr. rpc/j and (pOoyyr].] A 
coalition of three vowels in one compound sound, or in 
one syllable, as in adieu, eye. 
TRIPH-THON'GAL, (trip-thong'gal) a. Pertaining to a 

triphthong ; consisting of a triphthong. 
TRIPH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. rpeis and cpvXXov.] In botajiy, 

three-leaved ; having" three leaves. 
TRIP'LE, a. [Fr. ; L. triplex, tripliis.] 1. Threefold ; con- 
sisting of three united. Dryden. 2. Treble ; three times 
repeated ; see Treble. 
TRIP'LE, v. t. To treble ; to make threefold or thrice as 

much or as many. [Usually written treble.] Lee. 
TRIP'LET. 71. [from triple.] 1. Three of a kind, or three 
united. — 2. In poetry, three verses rhyming together. — 3. 
In music, three notes sung or played in the time of two. 
TRIP'LI-€ATE, a. [L. triplicatus, triplico.] Made thrice as 

much ; threefold. 
TRIP-LI-€a'TION, n. 1. The act of trebling or making 
threefold, or adding three together. Glanville.—2. In the 
civil law, the same as sur~rcjoinder in common law. 
TRIP-LIC'I-TY, n. [Fr. triplicite ; from L. triplex.] Treble- 

ness ; the state of beaig threefold. Watts. 
TRIPLY-RIBBED, a. In botany, having a pair of large ribs 

branching off from the main one above the base. 

TRIP'-MAD-AM, n. A plant. Mortimer. 

*TRl'POD, n. [L. tripiis, tripodis ; Gr. Tpmovs.] A bench, 

stool or seat supported by three legs, on which the priest 

and sibyls in ancient times were placed to render oracles. 

TRIP'0-LI, 71. In mineralogy, a mineral originally brought 

from Tripoli, used in polishing stones and metals. 
TRIP'O-LINE, a. Pertaining to Tripoli. 
TRi POS, 71. A tripod, which see. 
TRIPPED, pp. [from trip.] Supplanted. 
TRIPPER, 71. One who trips or supplants ; one that walks 

nimbly. 
TRIP'PING, ppr. 1. Supplanting ; stumbling ; falling ; step- 
ping nimbly. 2. a. Quick ; nimble. 
TRIPLING, «. 1. The act of tripping. 2. A light dance. 
Milton. 3. The loosing of an anchor from the gromid by 
its cable or buoy-rope. 
TRIP'PING-LY, adv. Nimbly ; with a light, nimble, quick 

step ; with agility. Shak. 
TRIPTOTE, n. [Gr. roei? and titwgh.] In grammar, a 

name or noun having three cases only. Clarke. 
TRI-Pu'DI-A-RY, a. [L. tripudium.] Pertaining to danc- 

in^g ; performed by dancing. Brown. 
TRi-Pu'DI-ATE, V. i [L. tripudm.] To dance. Cockeram. 
TRi-PU-DI-A'TION, n. [L. tripudlo.] Act of dancing. 

Johnson. 
TRi-PYPv'A-MID, n. [L. tres and pyramis.] In mineralogy, 
a genus of spars, the body of which is composed of single 
pyramids, each of three sides, affixed by their base to 
some solid body. 
TRT-aUE'TROUS, a. [L. triquetrus, from triquetra.] 
Three-sided ; having three plane sides. Encyc. 



TEI-Ra'DI-A-TED, a. [L. tres and radhis.] Having three 

rays. 
TRi'REME, n. [L. triremis.] A galley or vessel with tliree 

benches or ranks of oars on a side. Mitford 
TRI-RHOM-BOID'AL, a. [tri and rhomboidal.] Having the 

form of three rhombs. 
TRi-SA€-RA-MEN-Ta'RI-AN, n. One of a religious sect 

who admit of three sacraments and no more. Cyc. 
TRi-SAG'I-ON, 71. [Gr, rpeis and ayios.] A hymn in which 

the word holy is repeated three times. Bull 
TRl-SE€T', V. t. [L. tres and seco.] To cut or divide into 

three equal parts. Allen. 
TRi-SE€T'ED, pp. Divided into three equal parts. 
TRl-SE€T'ING, ppr. Dividing into three equal parts. 
TRl-SE€'TION, n. [L. tres and sectio.] The division o< 

athing into three parts. 
TRi-SEP'A-LOUS, a. In botany, having three sepals to a 

calyx. 
TRIS'PAST, \ n. [Gr. rpeis and anaw.] In mechanics, a 
TRIS-PAS'l^ON, \ machine with three pulleys for raising 

great weights. Cyc. 
TRi-SPERM'OUS, a. [Gr. rpeis and cTTEpjxa.] Three-seed- 
ed ; containing three seeds ; as, a trispermous capsule. 
t TRIST, / a. [L. tristis.] Sad ; sorrowful ; gloomy. 

t TRIST'FUL, 1 Shak. 

t TRIS-Ti"TI-ATE, v. t. [L. tristitia.] To make sad or sor- 
rowful. Feltham. 
t TRl-SUL€', n. [L. irisulcus.] Something having three 

points. Broion. 
TRIS-YL-LAB'I€, \ a. from trisyllable.] Pertaming 
TRIS-YL-LAB'I-€AL, \ to' a trisyllable j consisting of 

three syllables. 

* TRIS'YL-LA-BLE, n. [L. tres, three, and syllaba, sylla- 
ble.] A word consisting of three syllables. 

TRITE, a. [L. tritus.] Worn out; common; used till so 
common as to have lost its novelty and interest. Swift. 

TRiTE'LY, adv. In a common manner. 

TRiTE'NESS, n. Commonness ; staleness ; a state of being 
worn out. 

TRi-TERN'ATE, a. [L. tres and temate.] Having three 
biternate leaves, or the divisions of a triple petiole subdi- 
vided into threes. 

* TRi'THE-ISM, n. [Fr. tritheisme ; Gr. rpeig and flfof.] 
The opinion or doctrine that there are three Gods in the 
Godliead. 

* TRi'THE-IST, 77. One who believes that there are three 
distinct Gods in the Godliead. Encyc. 

TRi-THE-IS'TI€, a. Pertaining to tritheism. 

TRI-THe'ITE, n. A. tritheist. 

TRiTH'lNG, 71. [from three] One of the divisions of the 
county of York in England, which is divided into three 
parts. It is now called Riding. 

fTRIT'I-CAL, a. [from f?-iie.] ^Trite ; common. 

tTRITa-€AL-NESS, 7f. Triteness. Warton. 

TRl^TOPv, n. 1. In mythology, a fabled sea demi-god, sup- 
posed to be the trumpeter of Neptune. 2. A genus of the 
moJluscal order of worms. 3. A bird of the West Indies, 
famous for its notes. 

TRi'TONE, 7!. [L. tres and tonus ] In miisic, a false con- 
cord, consisting of three tones, two major and one minor 
tone, or of two tones and two semitones ; a dissonant in- 
to i-val. 

TRI-TOX'YD, n. [Gr. rpnos, and oxyd.] In chemistry, a 
substance oxydized in the third degree. 

TRIT'U-RA-BLE, a. Capable of being reduced to a fine 
powder by pounding, rubbing or grinding. 

TRIT'U-EATE, v. t. [L. trituro.] To rub or grind to a 
very fine powder, and properly to a finer powder than 
that made by pulverization. 

TRIT'U-RA-TED, pp. Reduced to a very fine powder. 

TRIT'tT-RA-TING, ppr. Grinding or reducmg to a very 
fine powder. 

TRIT U-Ra'TION, n. The act of reducing to a fine pow- 
der by grinding. 

t TRIT^URE, n. A rubbing or grinding. Cheyne 

TRI-Tu'RI-UM, 71. A vessel for separating liquors of dif- 
ferent densities. 

TRl'D MPH, u. [Fr. triomphe ; It. irionfo ; Sp. triwifo , L. 
triumphus.] 1. Among the ancient Romans, a pompous 
ceremony performed in honor of a victorious general. 
2. State of being victorious. 3. Victory ; conquest. 4. 
JoyJfc^ultation for success. 5 A card that takes all 
otJi^^Hfcw written trump, which see 

TRT'UlBp, V. i. 1.T70 celebrate victory with pomp ; to re- 
joice for victory. 2. To obtain victory. 3. To insult upon 
an advantage gained. 4. To be prosperous ; to flourish.— 
To triumph over, to succeed in overcoming ; to surmount. 

TRT-UMPH'AL, a. [Fr.; L. triumphalis.] Pertaining to 
triumph; used in a triumph. Sicift. 

TRI-TJMPH'AL, n. A token of victory. Milton. 

TRI-UMPH'ANT, a. [L. triuinphans.] 1. Celebrating vic- 
tory. 2. Rejoicing as for victory. 3. Victorious ; graced 



* See Synopsis M5VE, BQOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as ii? this, f Obsolete.. 



TRO 



858 



TRO 



with conquest. 4- Celebrating victory; expressing joy 
for success. 

TRl-tTMPH'ANT-LY, adv ]. In a triumphant manner; 
with the joy and exultation that proceeds from victory 
or success. 2. Victoriously ; with success. 3. With in- 
solent exultation. 

TRrUMPH-ER, n. 1. One who triumphs or rejoices for 
victory ; one who vanquishes. 2. One who was honored 
with a triumph in Rome. 

TRl'UMPH-lNG, p-pr. Celebrating victory with pomp ; van- 
quishing ; rejoicing for victory ; insulting on an ad- 
vantage. 

TRi-UM'VIR, 71. [L tres and vir.} One of three men uni- 
ted in office. 

TRI-UM' VI-RATE, -re. 1. A coalition of three men ; ■partic- 
ularly, the union of three men who obtained the govern- 
ment of the Roman empire. 2. Government by three 
men in coalition. 

* TRi'UNE, a. [L. tres and unus.'] Three in one ; an epi- 
Jhet applied to God, to express the unity of the Godhead 
m a trinity of persons. 

t TRI-U NI-TY, n. Trinity. 

TRIV'ANT, n. A truant. Burton. 

TRt-VALV'U-LAR, a, Three-valved ; having three valves. 

TRI-VERB'I-AL, a. [L. triverbivm.] Triverbial days, in 
the Roman calendar, were juridical or court days, days 
allowed to the pretor for hearing causes ; called also dies 
fasti, 

TRIVET, fi. A three-legged stool. See Trevet. 

TRIVI-AL, a. [Fr.; L. trioiali^.'\ ], Trifling; of little 
worth or importance : inconsiderable. Pope. 2. Worth- 
less; vulgar. — Trivial name, in natural history, the com- 
mon name for the species, which, added to the generic 
name, forms the complete denomination of the species ; 
the specific name. 

TRIV-I-AL'I-TY, n. Trivialness. [J^ot much used.] 

TRIV'I-AL-LY, adv. 1. Commonly ; vulgarly. 2. Light- 
ly ; inconsiderably ; in a trifling degree. 

TBIV'I-ALr-NESS, 71. 1. Commonness. 2. Lightness ; un- 
importance. 

TRoAT, V. i. To cry, as a buck in rutting time. Diet. 

TRoAT, 71. The cry of a buck in rutting time. 

TRo'CAR, n. [Fr. un trois quart.] A surgical instrument 
for tapping dropsical persons and the like. 

TRO-CHa'TC, ) a. [See Trochee.] In poefr^/, consist- 

TR0-€Ha'I-€AL, \ ing of trochees. 

TRO-CHAN'TER, 71. [Gr. rpo^avrrip.] In anatomy, the 
trochanters are two processes of the thigh-bone, called 
major and minor, the major on the outside, and the minor 
on the inside. 

TRo'CIIE, 71. [Gr. Too^og.] A form of medicine in a cake 
or tablet, or a stiff paste cut into proper portions and 
dried. 

TRo'CHEE, 71. [L. trochceus ; Gr. rpoxai-OS.] In verse, a 
foot of two syllables, the first long and the second short. 

TR0-€H1L'I€, a. Having power to draw out or turn 
round. 

TRO-CHIL'ICS, n. [Gr. rpoxt'^^ia ; L. trochilus.] The sci- 
ence of rotary motion. 

TRO'CHI-LUS, ) n. [L. trochilus ; Gr. rpo;^£>ros.] 1. An 

TRo'CHIL, <, aquatic bird, a swift runner, with long 
legs, which is said to get its meat out of the crocodile's 
mouth. 2. A name given to the golden-crowned wren. 
— 3. In zoology, the humming bird or honey-sucker, a 
kind of beautiful little birds, natives of America. — 4. In 
architecture, a hollow ring round a column ; called also 
scotia, and by workmen, the casement. 

TRo'CHINGS, 71. The small branches on the top of a deer's 
head. Cyc. 

TRo'CHISCH, (tro'kish) n. [Gr. rpoxicKOi.] A kind of 
tablet or lozenge. Bacon. 

TRo'CHITE, n. [L. trochus.] 1, In natural history, a kind 
of figured fossil stone, resembling parts of plants, called 
St. Cuthberfs beads. 2. Fossil remains of the shells call- 
ed trochus. 

TR0€H'LE-A, n. [L.] A pulley-like cartilage, through 
which the tendon of the trochlearv muscle passes. 

TRO€H'LE-A-RY, a. Pertaining to the trochlea. 

TRo'CHOID, 71. [Gr. Tpo^oi ; L. trochus.] In geometry, a 
curve generated by the motion of a wheel ; the dycloid. 

TROD, prct. of tread. 

TROD, ) pp. oi tread. Jerusalem shall be tT-^S^BtJown 

TROD'DEN, S by the Gentiles. LukM^i. 

TRODE, old pret. of tread. W 

TRODE, 71. Tread ; footing. Spenser. 

TROG'LO-DYTE, n. [Gr. rptayM and 8vu}.] The Troglo- 
dytes were a people of Ethiopia, represented by the an- 
cients as living in caves. 

I ROLL, V. t. [G. trollen ; W. troliaw.] To move in a cir- 
cular direction ; to roll ; to move volubly ; to turr ; to 
drive about. , 

TRoLL, V. i. I To roll ; to run about.— 2. Among anglers. 



tne cycioi 

tt^mtj^Q 



to fish for pikes with a rod whose line runs on a wheel, 
or^puUey. Gay. 

TROLLED, pp. Rolled ; turned about. 

TROLL'ING, ppr. Rolling ; turning ; driving about ; fish- 
ing with a rod and reel. 

TROL'LOP, 71. [G. trolle.] A stroller ; a loiterer; a woman 
loosely dressed ; a slattern. Milton. 

t TROL-LO-PEE', n. Formerly, a loose dress for females. 

TROL'MY-DaMES, n. [Fr. trou-^madame.] The game of 
nine-holes. Shak. 

TROMP, n. A blowing machine formed of a hollow tree, 
used in furnaces. 

TROMP'IL, n. An aperture in a tromp. 

TRON'AGE, 71. Formerly, a toll or duty paid for weighing 
wool. Cyc. 

TRO-Na'TOR, n. An officer in London, whose business 
was to weigh wool. 

TRON'CO, n. [L. truncus.] A term in Italian music, di- 
recting a note or sound to be cut short, or just uttered and 
then discontinued. 

TRONE, n. A provincial word in some parts of England 
for a small drain. Cyc. 

TRONE, or TRoNES, n. A steelyard. J^orth of England. 

TROOP, 71. [Fr. troupe ; It. truppa ; Sp., Port, tropa ; Dan., 
D. trop ; G. trupp ; Sw. tropp.] 1. A collection of people; 
a company ; a number ; a multitude. Gen. xlix. 2. A 
body of soldiers. But, applied to infantry, it is now used 
in the plural, troops, and this word signifies soldiers in 
general. — 3. Troop, in the singular, a small body or com- 
pany of cavalry, light-horse or dragoons, commanded by 
a captain. 4. A company of stage-players. 

TROOP, V. i. 1. To collect in numbers. 2. To march in a 
body. 3. To march in haste or in company. 

TROOP'ER, n. A private or soldier in a body of cavalry ; a 
horse-soldier. 

TROOP'ING, ppr. Moving together in a crowd ; marching 
in a body. 

TROPE, 71. [L. tropus ; Gr. rponos.] In rhetoric, a word or 
expression used in a different sense from that which it 
properly signifies ; or a word changed from its original 
signification to another, for the sake of giving life or em- 
phasis to an idea, as when we call a shrewd man a fox. 

TRo'PHlED, a. Adorned with trophies. Pope. 

TRo'PHY, 71. [L. tropcBum ; Gr. rpoT^aiov ; Fr. trophee ; Sp., 
It. trofeo.] 1. Among the ancients, a pile of arms taken 
from a vanquished enemy, raised on the field of battle by 
the conquerors ; also, the representation of such a pile in 
marble, on medals and the like. 2. Any thing taken and 
preserved as a memorial of victory, as arms, flags, 
standards and the like, taken from an enemy. — 3. In ar- 
chitecture, an ornament representing the stem of a tree, 
charged or encompassed with arms and military weapons, 
offensive and defensive. 4. Something that is evidence 
of victory ; memorial of conquest. 

TRo'PHY-MoN'EY, n. A duty paid in England annually 
by house-keepers, towards providing harness, drums, col- 
ors, &LC. for the militia. 

TROP'IC, 71, [Fr. tropique ; L. tropicus.] 1. In astronomy, a 
circle of the sphere drawn through a solstitial point, par- 
allel to the equator ; or the line which bounds the sun's 
declination from the equator, north or south. — 2. Tropics, 
in geography, are two lesser circles of the globe, drawn 
parallel to the equator through the beginning of Cancer 
and of Capricorn. 

TROP'I-CAL, a. 1. Pertaining to the tropics ; being within 
the tropics. 2. Incident to the tropics. 3. [from trope.] 
Figurative ; rhetorically changed from its proper or ori- 
ginal sense. 

TROP'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a tropical or figurative manner. 

TROP'IC-BiRD, n. An aquatic fowl of the genus phaeton. 

TRo'PIST, n. One who explains the Scriptures by tropes 
and figures of speech ; one who deals in tropes. 

TROP-O-LOG'I-CAL, a. Varied by tropes ; changed from 
the original import of the words. 

TRO-POL'0-GY, n. [Gr. rnoTios and Xoyos.] A rhetorical 
mode of speech, including tropes, or change from the 
original import of the word. 

tTROSS'ERS, 71. Trowsers. Sec Trowsers. Shak. 

TROT, V. i. [Fr. trotter : G. trotten ; It. trottare ; Sp., Port. 
trctar.] 1. To move faster than in walking, as a horse, 
or other quadruped, by lifting one fore foot and the hind 
foot of the opposite side at the same time. 2. To walk or 
move fast ; or to run. 

TROT, n. 1. The pace of a horse or other quadruped, when 
he lifts one fore foot and the hind foot of the opposite side 
at the same time. 2. An old woman ; in contempt. 

t TROTH, n. [Sax. treothe.] 1. Belief; faith ; fidelity. 2 
Truth ; verity ; veracity ; as, by my troth, 

t TROTH'LESS, a. Faithless ; treacherous. Fairfax. 

t TROTH'-PLlGHT, v. t. To betroth or affiance, 

t TROTH'-PLlGHT, a. Betrothed ; espoused ; affianced. 

TROTH'-PLlGHT, n. The act of betrothing or plighting 
faith. Shak. 



* See Syncrpsis A, ft, T, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;--PREY ;— PiN, MARlNE, BtRD ;— j Obsolete. 



TRU 



859 



TRU 



TROT'TER, 71. 1. A beast that trots, or that usually trots. 
2. A sheep's foot. 

TROT'TING, ppr. Moving with a trot j walking fast, or 
running. 

TROU'BA-DOUR, 71. [Old Fr.] An early poet of Provence. 
Harris. 

rROtJB'LF,, (trub'bl) v. t. [Fv. troubler ; It. turbare; Sp., 
Port, ill jar j L. turbo.] l.'To agitate ; to disturb ; to put 
into confused motion. 2. To disturb; to perplex. 3. To 
afflict ; to grieve ; to distress. 4. To busy ; to cause to be 
much engaged or anxious. 5. To tease ; to vex ; to mo- 
lest. 6. To give occasion for labor to. 7. To sue for a 
debt. 

TRoUB'LE, (trub'bl) n. 1. Disturbance of mind ; agitation ; 
commotion of spirits ; perplexiiy. 2. Affliction ; calamity. 
^ Molestation 3 inconvenience ; annoyance. 4. Uneasi- 
ness ; vexation. 5. That which gives disturbance, an- 
noyance or vexation ; that which afflicts. 

TRoUB'LED, (trub'bld) pp. Disturbed ; agitated ; afflicted ; 
annoyed; molested. 

TRoUB'LER, (trub bier) n. One who disturbs ; one who af- 
flicts or molests ; a disturber. Waller.- 

TRoUB'LE-SoME, (trub'bl-sum) a. 1. Giving trouble or 
disturbance ; molesting ; annoying ; vexatious. 2. Bur- 
densome ; tiresome ; wearisome. 3. Giving inconveni- 
ence to. 4. Teasing ; importunate. 

TRotTB'LE-SoME-LY, (trub'bl-sum-ly) adv. In a manner 
or degree to give trouble ; vexatiously. 

TRoUB'LE-SoME-NESS, (trub'bl-sum-nes) n. 1. Vexa- 
tiousness ; the quality of giving trouble or of molesting. 
2. Unseasonable intrusion ; importunity. 

+ TRoUB'LE-STATE, n. A disturber of the community. 

TRoUB'LING, {tmh'hlmg) ppr. Disturbing ; agitating; mo- 
lesting ; annoving ; afflicting. 

TRoUB'LING," (trub'bling) n. 1. The act of disturbing or 
putting in commotion. John v. 2, The act of afflicting. 

TRoUB'LOUS, (trub'blus) a. 1 . Agitated ; tumultuous ; full 
of commotion, 2. Full of trouble or disorder; tumultu- 
ous ; full of affliction. 

TROUGH, (trauf ) n. [Sax., D., G. trog ; Dan. truff. 1. A 
vessel hollow longitudinally, or a large log or piece of 
timber excavated longitudinally on the upper side ; used 
for various purposes. 2. A tray. 3. A canoe ; the rude 
boat of uncivilized men. 4. The channel that conveys 
water, as in mills. 

TRoUL, for troll. See Troll, 

TROUNCE, (trouns) v. t. [qu, Fr. trongon, trongonner.] To 
punish, or to beat severely. [.A low word.] 

*TRc3USE, (trooz) n. [See Trowsers.] A kind of trowsers 
worn by children. 

TROUT, n. [Sax. truht ,• Fr. truitc ; It, trota ,• D. truit ; L. 
trutta.] A river fish of the genus salmo. 

TROUT' -CoL-ORED, a. White with spots of black, bay 
or sorrel ; as, a trout-colored horse. 

TROUT'-FISH-ING, n. The fishing for trouts, 

TROUT'-STReAM, 71, A stream in which trout breed, 

TRo'VER, n. [Fr. trouver ; It. trovare.] 1. In law, the 
gaining possession of any goods, whether by finding or 
by other means. 2. An action which a man has against 
another who has found or obtained possession of any of 
his_goods, and who refuses to deliver them on demand. 

fTRoW, V. i. [Sax. treowian,treowan ; G. trauen ; Sw. 
tro.] To believe ; to trust ; to think or suppose. Hooker. 

TRoW is used in the imperative, as a word of inquiry. 

TROWEL, n. [Fr. truelle; L. trulla j D. troffel.] 1. A ma- 
son's tool. 2. A gardener's tool. 

TROWL. See Troll. 

TROWS'ERS, 71. plu. [Gaelic, triusan ; Fr. trousse ; W. 
trws, trouse.J A loose garment worn by males, extending 
from the waist to the knee or to the ankle, and covering 
the lower limbs, 

TROY, } n. [said to have been named from 

TROY- WEIGHT, \ Troyes, in France,] The weight by 
which gold and silver, jewels, &c. are weighed. . 

TRU'ANT, a. [^Fr. truand.] Idle; wandering from busi- 
ness ; loitering ; as, a truant boy. 

TRu'ANT, n. An idler; an idle boy. Drydev. 

TRu'ANT, V. i. To idle away time ; to loiter or be absent 
from employment. Shak. 

TRu'ANT-LY, adv. Like a truant ; in idleness. 

TRu'ANT-SHIP, n. Idleness ; neglect of employment. 

TRUBS, n. An herb. Ainsworth. 

t TRUB'TAIL, 71. A short, squat woman. Ainsworth. 

TRUCE, n. [Goth, triggwa ; It. tregua ; Norm, trewe.] 1. 
In war, a suspension of arms by agreement of the com- 
manders ; a temporary cessation of hostilities. 2. Inter- 
mission of action, pain or contest; temporary cessation; 
short quiet. 

TRuCE'-BREaK-ER, 71. [truce and breaker.] One who 
violates a truce, covenant or engagement. 2 Tim. iii. 

TRUCH'MAN, 71. An interpreter. See Dragoman. 

TRU-CI-Da'TION, n. [L, trucido.] The act of killing. 

TRUCK, V. i. [Fr. troquer ; Sp., Port, trocar.] To ex- 
change commodities ; to barter. [A vulgar word.] 



TRUCK, V. t. To exchange ; to give ir exchange ; to bar 
ter. [Vulgar.] Swift. 

TRUCK, 71. 1, Permutation; exchange of commodities, 
barter, 2. A small wooden wheel not bound with iron • 
a cylinder, 3. A small wheel ; hence trucks, a low car- 
riage for carrying goods, stone, &c, 

TRUCK' AGE, n. The practice of bartering goods. Milton. 

TRUCK'ER, 71. One who trafficks by exchange of goods. 

TRUCK'ING, jjpr. Exchanging goods ; bartering. 

TRUCKLE, 71. A small wheel or caster. Hudibras. 

TRUCKLE, V. i. [dim of truck.] To yield or bend obse 
quiously to the will of another ; to submit ; to creep. 

TRUCKLE-BED, n. A bed that runs on wheels and may 
be pushed under another ; a trundle-bed. 

TRUCK'LING, 'ppr. Yielding obsequiously to the will of 
aiiother. 

TRu'CU-LENCE, n. [L. truculentia.] 1. Savageness of 
manners ; ferociousness. 2. Terribleness of countenance. 

TRu'CU-LENT, a. Fierce ; savage ; barbarous 2' Of a 
ferocious aspect. 3. Cruel ; destructive. 

TRUDGE, V. i. 1. To travel on foot. 2. To travel or march 
wjth labor. Dryden. 

TRUE, a. [Sax. treow. treowe ; Sw. tro ; Dan. troe ; G 
treu ; D. trouw,] 1 Conformable to fact ; being in ac- 
cordance with the actual stale of things. 2. Genuine ; 
pure ; real ; not counterfeit, adulterated or false. 3. 
Faithful ; steady in adhering to friends, to promises, to a 
prince, or to the state ; loyal ; not false, fickle or perfidi- 
ous. 4. Free from falsehood. 5. Honest ; not fraudulent. 
6. Exact ; right to preci='ion ; confonnable to a rule or 
pattern. 7. Straight ; rig^jf.. 8. Not false or pretended ; 
real. 9. Rightful. 

TRuE'BORN, a. [true and born.] Of genuine birth ; hav- 
ing a right by birth to any title. Shak. 

TRuE'BRED, a. l.Of a genuine or right breed. Dryden. 
2,_Being of genuine breeding or education. 

TRUE'HE ART-ED, a. [true and heart.] Being of a faith- 
fuj heart ; honest ; sincere ; not faithless or deceitful. 

TRUE'HE aRT-ED-NESS, n. Fidelity ; loyalty ; sincerity. 

TRuE'LoVE, 71. [true and love.] 1. One really beloved 
2._A plant, the herb Paris. 

TRuE'LoVE-KNOT, n. A knot composed of lines united 
with many involutions ; the emblem of interwoven af- 
fection or engagements. 

TRuE'NESS, n. 1. Faithfulness ; sincerity. 2. Reality , 
genuineness. 3. Exactness. 

TRuE'PEN-NY, n. [true and penny.] A familiar phrase 
for an honest fellow. Bacon. 

*TRUF'FLE, (truffl, or troo'fl) n. [Fr. truffe ; Sp. trufa.] 
A subterraneous vegetable production, or a kind of mush- 
room. 

TRUF'FLE-WoRM, n. A worm found in truffles. 

TRUG, n. A hod. This is our troiigh and tray ; the pro- 
nunciation being retained in some parts of England. 

TRu'ISM, 77. An undoubted or self-evident truth. 

TRULL, 71. [W.troliaw.^ A low, vagrant strumpet. 

TRUL-LI-Za'TION, n. [L. trullisso.] The laying of strata 
of plaster with a trowel. 

TRu'LY, adv. 1. In fact ; in deed ; in reality. 2. Accord- 
ing to truth ; in agreement with fact. 3. Sincerely ; hon- 
estly ; really ; faithfully. 4. Exactly ; justly. 

TRUMP, n. [It. tromba ; Gaelic, tro7npa.] 1. A trumpet; a 
wind instrument of music; a poetical word used for 
trumpet. 2. [contracted from triumph ; It. trionfo ; Fr. 
triomphe.] A winning card; one of the suit of cards 
which takes any of the other suits. 3. An old game with 
cards. — To put to the trumps, or to put on the trumps, to re- 
duce to the last expedient, or to the utmost exertion of 
power. 

TRUMP, V. t. 1. To take with a trump card. 2. [Fr. 
tromper.] To obtrude ; also, to deceive ; [obs.] — To 
trump up, to devise ; to seek and collect from every quar- 
ter. 

TRUMP, V. i. To blow a trumpet. Wicliffe. 

TRUMP'ER-Y, 71. [Fr. tromperie.] 1. Falsehood ; empty 
talk. Raleigh. 2. Useless matter ; things worn out and 
cast aside. 

TRUMP'ET, n. [Fr. trompette ; G. trompete ; D., Sw. 
trompet ; Dan. trompette; Arm. trompett.] 1. A wind in- 
strument of music, used chiefly in war and military ex- 
ercises. 2. In the military style, a trumpeter. 3, One 
who praises or propagates praise, or is the instrument of 
propagating it, 

TRUMP'ET, V. t. To publish by sound of trumpet; also, 
to proclaim. 

TRUMP'EI'-ED, pp Sounded abroad ; proclaimed. 

TRUMP'ET-ER, n. 1. One who sounds a trumpet. 2. One 
who proclaims, publishes or denounces. 3. A bird, a va- 
riety of the domestic pigeon. 

TRUMP'ET-FISH, n. A fish of the genus centriscus, (C. 
scolopax ;) called, also, the bellows-fish. Cyc. 

TRUMP'ET-FLOW-ER, n. A flowef. Cyc. 

TRUMP'ET H6N'EY-SUC-KLE, n. A plant. 

TRUMP'ET-ING , ppr. Blowing the trumpet ; proclaiming. 



See Synovsis MOEV, BOOK, DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z : CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



TRU 



860 



TUB 



1 RUMP'ET-SHETX, n. The name of a genus of univalv- 

ular shells, of the form of a trumpet. Cyc. 
TRUMP'ET-ToNGUED, a. having a tongue vociferous 

as a trunipet. Shak. 
TRUMP'LiKE, a. Resembling a trumpet. Chapman. 
TRUNCATE, v. t. [L. trunco ; Fr. trancher.} To cut off; 

to lop ; to maim. 
TRUN€'ATE, a. In botany, appearing as if cut off at the 

tip ; ending in a transverse line. Martyn. 
TRUN€'A-TED, fp. 1. Cut off; cut short ; maimed. 2. 

Appearing as if cut off; plane ; having no edge. 
TRUN€'A-TING, ppr. Cutting cff. 
TRUN-Ca'TIONj n. The act of lopping or cutting off. 
TRUN'CHEON, n. [Fr. trongon ; L. trmicus.] A short 

staff; a club ; a cudgel ; a baitoon. 
TRUN'CHEON, v. t. To beat vi'ith a truncheon ; to cudgel 

Shak. 
TRUNCH-EON-EER', n. A person armed with a truncheon. 
TRUN'DLE, V. i. [Sax. trcendle, trendle; Dan., Sw. trind.] 

1. To roll, as on little wheels. 2. To roll, as a bowl. 
TRUN'DLE, V. t. To roll, as a thing on little wheels. 
TRUN'DLE, n. A round body ; a little wheel, or a kind of 

low cart with small wooden wheels. 

TRUN'DLE- BED, n. A bed that is moved on trundles or 
little wheels ; called, also, truckle-bed. 

TRUN'DLE-TaIL, n. A round tail ; a dog so called from 
his tail. Shak. 

TRUNK, n. [Fr. tronc ; It. troncone , Sp. tronco ; L. trun- 
cus.] 1. The stem or body of a tree, severed from its 
roots. 2. The body of an animal without the limbs. 3. 
The main body of any thin-g. 4. The snout or proboscis 
of an elephant ; the limb or instrument with which he 
feeds himself. 5. A slender, oblong, hollow body, joined 
to the forepart of the head of many insects. — 6. In archi- 
tecture, the fust or shaft of a column. 7. A long tube 
through which pellets of clay are blown. 8. A box or 
chest covered with skin. 

t TRUNK, V. t. To lop off ; to curtail ; to truncate. 

TR'JNKED, jpp. 1. Cutoff; curtailed; [obs.] 2. Having 
a trunk. 

TRUNK 'HOSE, n. Large breechea formerly worn. 

TRUNNION, 71. [Fr.trognnn.'] The trunnions of a piece 
of ordnance are two knobs which project from the oppo- 
site sides of a piece, and serve to support it on the cheeks 
of the carriage. 

TRUNN'ION-PLATE, n. The trunnion-plates Kre two plates 
m traveling-carriages, mortars and howitzers, which 
cover the upper parts of the side-pieces, and go under the 
trunnions. 

TRUNN'ION-RING, n. A ring on a cannon next before the 
trunnions. 

TRU'SION, (tru'zhun) n. [L. trudo.] The act of pushing 
or thrusting. Bentley. 

TRUSS, n. [Fr. trousse : Dan. trosse ; Sw. tross.] 1. In 
a general sense, a bundle ; as, a truss of hay or straw. — 2. 
In surgery, a bandage cr apparatus used in cases of rup- 
tures, to keep up the reduced parts and hinder further 
protrusion, and for other purposes. — 3. Among botanists, 
a truss or bunch is atuftof flowei;s formed at the top of 
the main stalk or stem of certain plants. — 4. In. navigation, 
a machine to pull a lower yard close to its mast and retain 
it firmly in that position. 5. SeeTRousE. 

TRUSS, V. t. 1. To bind or pack close. 2. To skewer ; to 
make fast. — To truss up, to strain ; to make close ol- tight. 

TRUSSED, pp. Packed or bound closely. 

TRUS'SING, ppr. Packing or binding closely. -^ 

TRUST, w. ['Da.n.tr'6st,troster ; Sw.trost.] J. Confidence; 
a reliance or resting of the mind on the integrity, veracity, 
justice, friendship or other sound principle of anotlier 
person. 2. He or that which is the ground of confidence. 
3. Charge received in confidence. 4. That wiiich is 
committed to one's care. 5. Confident opinion of any 
event. 6. Credit given without examination. 7. Credit 
on promise of payment, actual or implied. 8. Something 
committed to a person's care for use or management, and 
for which an account must be rendered. 9. Confidence ; 
special reliance on supposed honesty. 10. State of him 
to whom something is intrusted. IL Care ; manage- 
ment. 1 2\m vi. — 12, In law, an estate, devised or grant- 
ed in confidence that the devisee or grantee shall convey 
it, or dispose of the profits, at the will of another; an 
estate held for the use of another. 

TRUST, V. t. 1. To place confidence in ; to rely on. 2. To 
believe ; to credit. 3. I'o commit to tiie care of, in confi- 
dence. 4. To venture confidently. 5. To give credit to ; 
to sell to upon credit, or in confidence of future payment. 
TRUST, 1). J. I. To be confident of something present or 
future. 2. To be credulous ; tn be won to confidence. 

TRUST'ED, pp. 1. Confided in ; relied on ; depended on. 

2. Sold on credit, as goods or property 3, Delivered 
'in confidence to the care of another. 

TRUS-TEE', n 1. A person to whom any thing or business 
si committed. 2. A person to whom is confided the man- 
agement of an institiftion. 



TRUST'ER, n. One who trusts or gives credit. 

TRU8T'l-I.Y,adv. Faithfully; honestly; with fidelity. 

TRUST'I-NESS, n. That quality of a person by which be 
deserves the confidence of others ; fidelity ; faithfulness • 
honesty. 

TRUST INGj^^r. Confiding in ; giving credit. 

TRUST'ING-LY, adv. With trust or implicit <-.onfidence. 

TRUST'LESS, a. Not worthy of trust ; unfaiu ful. 

TRUST'Y, a. 1. That may be safely trusted ; that justly 
deserves confidence ; fit to be confided in. 2. That will 
not fail ; strong ; firm. 

TROTH, n. [Sax. treowth : G. treue.] 1, Conformity te 
fact or reality ; exact accordance with that which is, or 
has been, or shall be. 2. True state of facts or things. 3. 
Conformity of words to thoughts, which is called moral 
truth. 4. Veracity ; purity from falsehood ; practice ol 
speaking truth ; habitual disposition to speak truth. 5. 
Correct opinion. 6. Fidelity; constancy. 7. Honesty; 
virtue. 8. Exactness ; conformity to rule ; [obs.] 9. Real 
fact or just principle ; real state of things. 10. Sincer- 
ity. Joh7i iv. 11. The truth of God is his veracity and 
faithfulness. Ps. IxxL 12. Jesus Christ is called «Ae trwtA. 
John xiv. 13. It is sometimes used by way of concession. 
— In truth, in reality ; in fact.— 0/ a truth, in reality ; 
certainly. 

TRuTH'FUL, a. Full of truth. Barrington. 

TRuTH'LESS, a. 1. Wanting truth. 2. Faithless. 

t TRU-TI-Na'TION, n. [L. trutina.l The act of weighing 

TRUT-Ta'CEOUS, a. [E. trutta.] Pertaining to the trout. 

TRY, V. i. [This word is from the root of Dan. trekker, to 
draw, or trykkcr, Sw. trycka, to press.] To excn 
strength ; to endeavor ; to make an effort ; to attempt. 

TRY, V. t. 1. To examine ; to make experiment on ; to 
prove by experiment. 2. To experience ; to have knowl- 
edge by experience of. 3. To prove by a test. 4. To act 
upon as a test. 5. To examine judiciahy by witnesses 
and tlie principles of law. 6. To essay ; to attempt. 7. 
To purify ; to refine ; as, silver seven times tried. 8. To 
search carefully into. Ps. xi. 9. To use as means. 10. 
To strain; as, to «r?/ the eyes. — To try tallow, &g. is to 
melt and separate it from the membranes. — To try out, to 
pursue efforts til) a decision is obtained. 

TRY' iNG, ppr. 1. Exerting strength; attempting. 2. Ex- 
amining by searching or comparison with a test ; proving ; 
using ; straining, &c. 3. a. Adapted to try, or put to se- 
vere trial. 

TR Y'-SAIL, 71. A sail used by a ship in a storm ; literally, 
the strain-sail, 

TUB, n. [D. tobbe ; G. zuber ; Gaelic, tubag.] 1. An open 
wooden vessel formed with staves, heading and hoops ; 
used for various domestic purposes, as for washing, for 
making cheese, &c. 2. A state of salivation ; so called 
because the patient was formerly sweated in a tub ; [obs.] 

3. A certain quantity ; as a tub of tea, which is 60 pounds • 
[local.] 4. A wooden vessel in which vegetables are 
planted, for the sake of being movable and set in a house 
in cold weather. 

TUB, V. t. To planter set in a tub. 

TUB'BER, 7i. In Cornwall,^, mining instrument, called in 
other places a beele. Cyc. 

TUB'BIiN'G, ppr. Setting in a tub. 

TUBE, 72. [Fr. tube; L. tubus.] 1. A pipe; a siphon; a 
canal or conduit ; a hollow cylinder. 2. A vessel of ani- 
mal bodies or plants, which conveys a fluid or other sub- 
stance. — 3. in botany, the narrow hollow part of a mon- 
opetalous corol, by which it is fixed to the receptacle. — 

4. In artillery, an instrument of tin, used in quick firing. 

TUBE, V. t. To furnish with a tube ; as, to tube a well. 

TtJ'BER, n. In botany, a knob in roots, solid, with the com- 
ponent particifci all similar. Martyn. 

TtJ'BER-CLE, n. [Fr. tubercule ; L. tuberculum.] J. A 
pimple ; a small push, swelling or tumor on animal bodies. 
2. A little knob, like a pimple, on plants ; a little knob oi 
rough'point on the leaves of some lichens, supposed to be 
the fructification. 

TU-BERCU-LAR, or TU-BER'€U-LOUS, a. 1. Full of 
knobs or pimples. 2. Affected with tubercles. 

TU-BER'CU-LATE, a. Having small knobs or pimples. 

Tu'BER-OSE, 71. [L. tuberosa.] A plant with a tuberous 
root and a liliaceous flower, the polianthes tuberosa. The 
botanic tevm. 

TtJ'BER-OUS, a. [from L. tuber.] Knobbed. In botany, 
consisting of roundish, fleshy bodies, or tubers, connected 
into a bunch by intervening threads. 

TUB'-FISH, 71. [tub aiidfish.] A species of trigla, some- 
times called the flying-fish, Cyc. 

TtJ'BI-PORE, n. A genus of zoophytes or corals. 

Tu'BI-P0-RITE,7i. Fossil tubipores. 

TUB'-MAN, n. In the exchequer, a barrister so called. 

Tu'BU-LAR, a. [from L. tribus.] Having the form of a 
tube or pipe ; consisting of a pipe ; fistular. 

TtJ'BULE, n. [L. tubulus.] A small pipe or fistmar body. 

TtJ'BU-LI-FORM, a. Having the form of a tube. 

Tu'BU-LOUS, a. 1. Longitudinally hollow. 2. Containing 



* See Synnps 



E, T, O, U, Y, long.—FA-R, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN MAR1^E, BIRD ;— Obsolete. 



TUM 



861 



TUN 



tubes J composed wholly of tubulous florets. — 3. In botany, 
having a bell-shaped border, with five reflex segments, 
rising from a tube. 

TUCH, n. A kind of marble. Herbert. 

TU€K, n. [Gaelic, tuca ; W. twca.'] 1. A long, narrow sword. 
2. A kind of net. Carew. 3. [from the verb following.] 
In a sJiip, the part where the ends of the bottom planks 
are collected under the stern. 4. A fold j a pull ; a lug- 
ging ; see Tug. 

TUCK, V. t. [G zucken; Ir. tucalam.] 1. To thrust or 
press in or together ; to fold under ; to press into a narrow- 
er compass. 2. To inclose by tucking close around. 3. 
To full, as cloth 3 [local.] 

t TU€K, V. i. To contract ; to draw together. Sharp. 

TU€K'ER, n. 1. A small piece of linen for shading the 
breast of women. 2. A fuller, whence the name ; [local.] 

TU€K'ET, w. [It. tocato.] 1. A flourish in music 5 a vol- 
untary ; a prelude. 2. [It. tocchetto.] A steak ; a coUop. 

TU€K'ET-SO-NANCE, n. The sound of the tucket, an 
ancient instrument of music. Shak. 

TU€K'ING, ppr. Pressing under or together ; folding. 

Tu EL, n. [Fr. tuyeau.] The anus. Skinner. 

TuES'DAY, (tuze'de) n. [Sw. TL^dag ; Dan Tirsdag , D 
Dingsdag ; G. Dingstag ; Sax. Tiwcesdwg, or Tuesdceg, 
from Tig, Tiig, or Tuisco, Mars.] The third day of the 
week. 

Tu'FA, I n. [It. tufo ; Fr. luf ,• G. tof.] A stone or porous 

TUF, \ substance. 

TU-Fa'CEOUS, a. Pertaining to tufa ; consisting of tufa, 
or resembling it. 

TUF-FOON', n. [a corruption of typhon.] A violent tem- 
pest or tornado, frequent in the Chinese sea. 

TUFT, 71. [W. twf; Ft.touffe, toupet ; Sw. tofs ; Sp. tupe.] 
1. A collection nf small things in a knot or bunch. 2. A 
cluster ; a clump. — 3. In botany, a head of flowers, each 
elevated on a partial stalk, and a^l forming together a 
dense, roundish mass. 

TUFT,t;. t. 1. To separate into tufts. 2. To adorn witli 
tufts or with a tuft. Thomson. 

t TUF-TAF'FE-TA, n. A villous kind of silk. 

TUFT'ED, pp. or a. Adorned with a tuft, as the tufted 
duck ; growing in a tuft or clusters. Pope. 

TUFT'Y, a. Abounding with tufts; growing in clusters; 
bushy. Thomson. 

T\JG,v.t. [Sax. teogan, teon; Fr. touer.] 1. To pull or 
draw with great effort; to drag along with continued ex- 
ertion ; to haul along. 2. To pull ; to pluck. 

TUG, V. i. 1. To pull with great effort. 2. To labor; to 
strive ; to struggle ; [not elegant.] Howe. 

TUG, n. [G. zug.] 1. A pull with the utmost effort. 2. A 
sort of carriage. — 3. In some parts of J^ew England, the 
traces of a harsess are called tugs. 

TUG'GER, n. One who tugs or pulls with great effort. 

TUG'GING, ppr. Pulling with great exertion ; hauJlng. 

TUG'GING-LY, adv. With laborious pulling. Bailey. 

TU-l"TION, n. [L. tuitio.] 1. Guardianship ; superintend- 
ing care over a young person ; the particular watch and 
care of a tutor or guardian over his pupil or ward. — 2. 
More especially, instruction ; the act or business of teach- 
ing the various branches of learning. 3. The money paid 
for instruction. 

Tu'LIP, n. [Fr. tulipe ; L. tulipa ; It. tulipano ; Sp. tulipan ; 
D. tulp.] A plant and a flower of the genus tulipa. 

TtJ'LIP-TREE, n. An American tree bearing ilowers. 

TUM'BLE, i>. ?. [Sax. tumhian ; Sv/. tumla ; Dan. tumler ; 
Fr. tomber ; Sp. tumbar.] 1. To roll ; to roll about by 
turning one way and the other. 2. To fall ; to come 
down suddenly and violently. 3. To roll down. 4. To 
play mountebank tricks. 

TUM'BLE, V. t. 1. To turn over ; to turn or throw about 
for examination or searching. 2. To disturb ; to rumple. 

TUM'BLE, n. A fall. UEstrange. 

TUM'BLED, pp. Rolled; disturbed; rumpled; thrown 
down. 

TUM'BLER, n. 1. One who tumbles ; one who plays the 
tricks of a mountebank. 2. A large drinking glass. 3. 
A variety of the domestic pigeon, so called from his prac- 
tice of tumbling or turning over in flight. 4. A sort of 
dog, so called from his practice of tumbling before he at- 
tacks his prey. Swan. 

TUM'BLING, ^p^*^. Rolling about ; falling; disturbing; 
mmpling. 

TUM'BLING-BAY, n. In a canal, an overfall or weir. 

TUM'BREL, n. [Fr. tomber eau.] 1. A ducking-stool for 
the punishment of scolds. 2. A dung-cart. 3. A cart or 
carriage with two wheels, which accompanies troops or 
artillery, for conveying the tools of pioneers, cartridges 
and the like. 

TUM'BRIL, n. A contrivance of the basket kind, or a kind 
of cage of osiers, willows, &c., for keep; jg bay and other 
ibod for sheep. 

TU-ME-F ACTION, n. [L. tumefacio.] The act or process 

of swelling or rising into a tumor ; a tumor ; a swelling, 
TtJ'ME-FlED, 2>p- [from tumefy.] Swelled ; enlarged. 



TC'ME-F^', 0. t. [L. tumefacio; tvmidus,tumeo, and facto j 
To swel[, or cause to swell. 

Tu'ME-Fy, V. i. To swell ; to rise in a tumor. 

Tu'ME-FY-ING, ppr. Swelling ; rising in a tumor. 

Tu'MlD, a. [L. tumidus.] ]. Being swelled, enlarged or 
distended. 2. Protuberant; rising above the level. 3. 
Swelling in sound or sense ; pompous; puffy ; bombastic ; 
falsely sublime. 

Tu'MID-LY, adv. In a swelling form. 

Tu'MID-NESS, n. A swelling or swelled state. 

Tu'MITE, n. A mineral. See Thummerstone. 

Tu'MOR,n. [L.] 1. In swr^-er?/, a swelling; a morbid enlarge- 
ment of any part of the body. 2. Affected pomp ; bom- 
bast in language; swelling words or expressions] false 
magnificence or sublimity ; [little v^ed.] Wotton. 

Tu'MORED, a. Distended ; swelled. Junius. 

TU'MOR-OUS, a. 1. Swelling; protuberant. Wotton 2 
Vainly pompous ; bombastic, as language or style ; [► u~\ 

TUMP, n. A little hilloc. 

TUMP, V. t. [W. twmp ; L. tumulus.'^ In gardening, to 
form a mass of earth or a hilloc round a plant. 

TUMPED, pp. Surrounded with a hilloc of earth. 

TUMr'l]SiG,ppr. Raising a mass of earth round a plant. 

Tu'MU-LAR, a. [L. tumulus.] Consisting in a heap , 
formed or being in a heap or hilloc. Pinkerton. 

t Tu'MU-LATE, V. i. To swell. 

TU-MU-LOS'I-TY, n. Hilliness. Bailey. 

Tu'MU-LOUS, a. [L. timmdvsus.] Full of hills. Bailey 

Tu'MULT, n. [L. tumultus.] 1. The commotion, diturb- 
ance or agitation of a multitude, usually accompanied 
with great noise, uproar and confusion of voices. 2. Vi- 
olent commotion or agitation with confusion of sounds. 
3. Agitation; higli excitement; uregular or confused 
motion. 4. Bustle ; stir. 

Tu'MULT, V. i. To make a tumult ; to be in great commo- 
tion. Milton. 

jTu'MULT-ER, n. One who makes a tumult. Milton. 

TU-MULT'U-A-RI-LY, adv. [from tumultuary.] In a 
tumultuary or disorderly manner. 

TU-MULT'U-i^-RI-NESS, n. Disorderly or tumultuous 
conduct ; turbulence ; disposition to tumult. K. Charles. 

TU-MULT'U-A-RY, a. [I't.Uimultuaire.] 1. Disorderly, 
promiscuous ; confused. 2. Restless ; agitated ; unquiet. 

t TU-MULT'U-ATE, v. i. [L. tumultuo.] To make a tu- 
mult 

TU-MULT-U-A'TION, n. Commotion ; irregular or disor- 
derly movement. Buyle. 

TU-MULT'U-OUS, a. [Fr. tumultueux.] 1. Conducted 
with tumult ; disorderly. 2. Greatly agitated ; irregular; 
noisy ; confused. 3. Agitated ; disturbed. 4. Turbulent; 
violent. 5. Full of tumult and disorder. 

TU-MULT'U-OUS-LY", adu. In a disorderly maniiCr ; by a 
disorderly multitude. 

TU-MULT'U-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being tumultu- 
ous ; disorder ; commotion. 

TUN, n. [Sax., Sw. tunna; Fr. tonne, tonneau; Ir. tonna ; 
G. tonne ; D. ton.] 1. In a general sense, a large cask ; 
an oblong vessel bulging in the middle, like a pipe or 
puncheon, and girt with hoops. 2. A certain measure 
for liquids, as for wine, oil, &;c. 3. A quantity of wine, 
consisting of two pipes or four hogsheads, or 252 gallons. 
— 4. In commerce, the weight of twenty hundreds gross, 
each hundred consisting of 112i6.=2240Z&. 5. A certain 
weight by which the burden of a ship is estimated. 6. A 
certain quantity of timber, consisting of forty solid feet 
if round, or fifty-four feet if square. 7. Proverbially, a 
large quantity. — 8. In burlesque, a drunkard. 9. At the 
end of names, tun, ton, or don, signifies town, village or 
hill. 

TUN, V. t. To put into casks. Bacon. Boyle. 

Tu'NA-BLE,a. [horn tune,] 1. Harmonious ; musical. 2 
That may be put in tune. 

Tu']\A-BLE-NESS, n. Harmony; melodiousness. 

Tu'NA-PLY, adv. Harmoniously ; musically. 

TUN'-BEL-LIED, a. Having a large, protuberant belly. 

TUN'-DISH, 71. [tun audi disk.] A tunnel. 

TUNE, n. [Fr. ton ,• It. tuono ; D. toon ; W. ton ; Ir. tona , 
L. to7iv^.] 1. A series of musical notes in some particu- 
lar measure, and consisting of a single series, for one 
voice or instrument, the effect of which is melody. 2. 
Sound ; note. 3. Harmony ; order ; concert of parts. 4. 
The state of giving the proper sounds. 5. Proper state 
for use or application ; right disposition ; fit temper or 
humor. 

TUNE, V. t. 1. To put into a state adapted to produce tiie 
proper sounds. 2. To sing with melody or harmoiiy. 3. 
To put into a state proper for any purpose ; [little used.] 

TUNE, V. i. 1. To form one sound to another. 2. To utter 
inarticulate harmony with the voice, 

TuNED, pp. Uttered melodiously or harmoniously ; put in 
order to produce the proper sounds. 

TuNE'FUL, <7 Harmonious; melodious; musical. Dryden. 

TuNE'LESS, a. 1. Unmusical ; unh.;rmonious. 2. Not 
II employed in making music ; as, a tunecess harp. 



See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S a« Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsoicte. 



TUR 



862 



TUR 



rCNER.^ 71, 1. One who tunes. S.iaJc. 2. One whose oc- 
cupation is to tuue musical instruments. 

TUNG, a. A name given by the Indians to a small insect, 
called by the Spaniards pique. 

TUNG, n. [Sax. tung, tunga ; Sw. tunga; Dan. tunge : I). 
tojig.] In man, the instrument of taste, and the chief in- 
strum^^nt of s:>eech. See Tongue. 

TUNG'STATjsi, 71. A salt formed of tungstenic acid and a 
base. 

TU^G'STEN, 71. [Sw., Dan. tung and sten.] In mineralogy, 
a minerai of a yellowish or gravish-white color. 

TUNG-STEN'I€, a. Pertaining"to tungsten. 

Tu'Nie, n. [Fr. tmiique; h. tunica.] 1. A kind of waist- 
coat or under garment worn by men in ancient Rome and 
the East. — 2. Among the religions, a woolen shirt or 
under garment. — 3. In anatomy, a membrane that covers 
or comfioses some part or organ. 4. A natural covering ; 
an integument. 

TdNI-€A-TED, a. In Lotany, covered with a tunic or 
membranes ; coated, as a ste'm. 

Td'.\1-€LE, n. A natural covering ; an integument. 

TdN'ING, ppr. Uttering harmoniously or melodiously ; 
putting in due order for making the proper sounds. 

TuN'ING-FORK, n. A steel instmment consisting of two 
prongs and a handle, used for tuning instruments. 

TtJN'ING-HAM-MER, n. An instrument fortuning instru- 
ments of music. Busby. 

TUNK'ER, n. [G. tunken.] The T'lmkers are a religious 
sect in Pennsylvania, of German origin. 

TUN'NA6E, 71. 1 . The amount nf tuns that a ship will 
carry ; tne content or burden of a ship. 2. The duty 
charged on ships according to their burden or the num- 
ber of tuns at which they are rated. 3. A duty laid on 
liquors according to their measure. 4. A duty paid to 
mariners by merchants for unloadhig their ships, after a 
rate by the tun. 5. The whole amount of shipping, esti- 
mated by the tuns. 

TUN'NEL, n. [Yi.tovndle.'] 1. A vessel with a broad 
mouth at one end, and a pipe or tube at the other, for 
conveying liquor into casks. 2. The opening of a chim- 
ney for the passage of smoke ; called, generally, a funnel. 
3. "a large subterraneous arch through a hili for a canal 
and the passage of boats. 

TUJM'NEL, V. t. 1. To form like a tunnel. 2. To catch in 
a net called a tunnel-net. 3. To form with net-work. 

TUN'NEL-KILN, n. A lime-kiln in which coal is burnt. 

TUN'NELr-NET, n. A net with a wide mouth at one e:d 
and narrow at the other. Cyc. 

TUN'NEL-PIT, n. A shaft sunk from the top of the ground 
to the level of an intended tunnel, for drawing up the 
earth and stones. 

TUN'NING, ppr. Putting into casks. 

TUN'NY, 71. [It. to 77710 ,• Ft. than; G. thunfisch ; 1,. thyn- 
nus.] A fish of the genus sco7;f6er. Cyc. 

TUP, n. Aram. [Local.] 

TUP, V. t. [Gr. TVTTTd).] 1. To butt, as a ram ; [local.] 2. 
To cover, as a ram ; [local.] 

TU'PE-LO, n. A tree f the germs nyssa. Mease. 

TUP'-MAN, 71. A man who deals in tups. [Local.] 

TUR'BAN, ?!. [Ar.] 1. A head-dress worn by the orientals, 
consisting of a cap, and a sash of fine linen or tafieta. — 2. 
In concJiology, the w]iole set of whirls of a shell. 

TUR'BANED, a. Wearing a turban. Hhak. 

TUR'BAN-SHELL, n. In natural history, a genus of shells. 

TUR'BAN-TOP, n. A plant of the genus helvella. 

TUR'BA-RY, 7i. [from turf: L.aXimzed, turbaria.] 1. In 
law, a right of digging turf on another man's land. 2. 
The place where turf is dug. Coicel. 

rUR'BID, a. [L. turbidus.] Properly, having the lees dis- 
turbed ; but in a 7?(ore general sense, muddy j foul with 
extraneous matter; thick, not clear. 

t TUR BID-LY, adv. Proudly ; haughtily ; a Latinism. 

TUR'BID-NESS, n. Muddiness ; foulness. 

TUR-BILL'ION, n. [Fr. tourbillon.] A whirl ; a vortex. 

TUR'BI-NATE, \ a. [L. turbinatus.] 1. In conchology, 

TUR'BI-NA-TED, S spiral, or wreathed conically from a 
larger base to a kind of apex. — 2. In botany, shaped like a 
top or cone inverted ; narrow at the base, and broad at 
the apex. 3. Whirling ; [liitle used.] 

TUR-BI-Na TION, 71. The act of spinning or whirling, as 
a top. 

TURBIN-ITE, or TUR'BITE, 7i. A petrified shell of the 
turbo kind. Kirwan. 

TUR'BIT, 71. 1. A variety of the domestic pigeon, remark- 
able for its short beak. 2. The turbot. 

TUR'EITH, or TUR'PETH, n. A root brought from the 
East Indies. It is cathartic. 

TUR'BOT, 77. [Fr.] A fish of the genus pZewronecie/. 

TUR BU-LENCE, \n. 1. A disturbed state ; tumult ; con- 

TUR'BU-LEN-CY, ( fusion. 2. Disorder or tumult of 
the passions. 3. Agitation ; tumultuousness. 4. Dispo- 
sition to resist authority ; insubordination 
rUR'BU-LENT, o. [i^.turbulentiLs.] 1 Disturbed; agi- 
tated ; tumultuous ; being in violent commotion. 2. Rest- 



less ; unquiet ; refractory ; disposed to insubordination 
and disorder. 3. Producing commotion. 

TUR'BU-LENT-LY, a<Z«. Tumultuously ; with violent agi- 
tation ; with refractoriness. 

* TUR'CfSM, 71. The religion of the Turks. 

TUR€OIS. See Turkois. 

TU-REEN', 71. A domestic vessel for holding soup or sauce 
on the table. 

TURF, n. [Sax. tyrf ; D. turf; G., Sw. tor/.] 1. That 
upper stratum of eaith and vegetable mold, which is filled 
with the roots of grass and other small plants, so as to 
adliere and form a kind of mat. 2. Peat ; a pecuhar kind 
of blackish, fibrous, vegetable, earthy substance, used as 
fuel. 3. Race-ground, or horse-racing. 

TURF, V. t. To cover with turf or sod. 

TURF'-€oV-ERED, a. Covered with turf. Tooke. 

TURF'-DRAIN, n. A drain filled with turf or peat. 

TURFED, pp. Covered with turf or green sod. 

TURF'-HEDGE, 7i. A hedge or fence formed with turf and 
plants of difierent kinds. Cijc. 

TURF'-HOUSE, 7!. A house or shed formed of turf. 

TURF'I-NESS, 77. The state of abounding with turf, or of 
having the consistence or qualities of turf. 

TURF'ING, ppi-. Covering with turf. 

TURF'ING, /(. The operation of laying down turf, or cov- 
ering with turf. 

TURF'ING-lR-ON, n. An implement for paring off turf". 

TURF'ING-SPADE, 77. An instrument for under cutting 
turf, when marked out by the plough. Cyc- 

TURF'-MOSS, n. A tract of turfv, mossy or boggy land. 

TURF-SPADE, n. A spade for cutting and digging turf, 
longer and narrower than the common spade. Cyc. 

TURFY, a. 1. Abounding with turf. 2. Having the qual- 
ities of turf. 

TUR'GENT, a. [L. turgens ] Swelling ; tumid ; rising 
into a tumor or pulfy state. 

TUR-GES'CENCE, ) 77. [L. turgescens.] L The act of 

TUR-6ES'CEN-CY, \ swelling. 2. The state of being 
swelled. 3. Empty pompousness ; inflation ; bombast. 

TUR'GID, a. [L. turgidus.] 1. Swelled ; bloated ; distend- 
ed beyond its natural state by some internal agent or ex- 
pansive force. 2. Tumid ; pompous ; inflated ; bom- 
bastic. 

TUR-6ID'I-TY, 71. State of being swelled; tumidness. 

TUR GID-LY, adv. With swelling or empty pomp. 

TUR'GID-NESS, 77. 1. A swelling or swelled state of a 
thing ; distention beyond its natural state by some inter- 
nal force or agent, as in a limb. 2. Pompousness ; infla- 
ted manner of writing or speaking ; bombast. 

TU-RI-0-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. tuno and fero.] Producing 
shoots. Barton. 

TUR'KEY, I n. A large fowl, the meleagris gallopavo, a 

TUR'KY, \ distinct" genus. 

TUR'KEY-STONE, 7i. Another name of the oil-stone. 

* TURK'OiS, 71. [Fr. turquoise ; from Turkey.] A mineral, 
called, also, calaite, brought from the east. 

TURK>S'-€AP, 71. A plant of the genus lilium. 
TURK'S'-HEAD, 7i. A plant of the genus cactus. 
TURK'S'-TUR-BAN, n. A plant of the genus ranunculus 
TURM, n. [l..turma.] A troop. [J\rot Enaiish.] Milton. 
TUR'MA-LIN, 71. An electric stone. See Tourmalin. 
TUR'MER-I€, 71. [It. turtumaglio.] Indian saffron. 

* TUR-MOIL', 71. Disturbance ; tumult ; harassing labor ; 
trouble ; molestation by tumult. Shak. 

TUR-MOIL', V. t. 1. To harass with commotion. 2. To 
disquiet ; to weary. 

TUR-MOIL', V. i. To be disquieted ; to be in commo- 
tion. 

TURN, V. t. [Sax. turnan, tyrnan : L. torno ; Fr. toumer.] 
1. To cause to move in a circular course. 2. To change 
or shift sides ; to put the upper side downwards, or one 
side in the place of the other. 3. To alter, as a position 
4. To cause to preponderate ; to change the state of a 
balance. 5. To bring the inside out. 6. To alter, as the 
posture of the body, or direction of the look. 7. To form 
on a lathe ; to make round. 8. To form ; to shape. 9. 
To change ; to transform ; as, to turn evU to good. 10. 
To metamorphose. 11. To alter or change, as color. 
12. To change or alter in any manner ; to vary. 13. To 
translate. 14. To change, as the manner of writing 

15. To change, as from one opinion or party to another. 

16. To change in regard to inclination or temper. 17. To 
change or alter from one purpose or effect to another. 18. 
To transfer. 19. To cause to nauseate or lothe. 20. To 
make giddy. 21. To infatuate ; to make mad, wild or 
enthusiastic. 22. To change direction to or from any 
point. 23. To direct by a change to a certain purpose or 
object; to direct, as the inclination, thoughts or mind. 
24. To revolve ; to agitate in the mind. 25. To bend 
from a perpendicular direction. 26. To move from a 
direct course or straight line ; to cause to deviate. 27. To 
apply by a change of use. 28. To reverse. 29. To keep 
passing and changing in the course of trade. 30. To 
adapt the mind. 31. To make acid ; to sour. 32. To 



See Syyinpsis. A, E I, O, U, Y, long.—FAB., FALL, WHAT -,— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. 



TUR 



863 



TWA 



persuade to renounce an opinion ; to dissuade from a pur- 
pose, or cause to change sides. 

To turn aside, to avert. — To turn aicay. 1. To dismiss from 
service ; to discard. 3. To avert. — To turn back, to re- 
turn j [l. u.] — To turn dozen, to fold or double down. — 
To turn in, to fold or double.— 2^0 twrn off. 1. To dismiss 
contemptuously. 2. To give over ; to resign. 3. To 
divert 5 to deflect. — To be turned of, to be advanced be- 
yond. — To turn out. 1. To drive out ; to expel. 2. To 
put to pasture, as cattle or horses. — To turn over. 1. To 
change sides ; to roll over. 2. To transfer. 3. To open 
and examine one leaf after another. 4. To overset. — To 
turn to, to have recourse to. — To turn upon, to retort 5 to 
throw back,— To turn the back, to flee ; to retreat. Ex. 
xxiii. — To turn the back upon, to quit with contempt 3 to 
forsake. — To turn the die or dice, to change fortune. 

TURN, V. i. 1. To move round ; to have a circular motion. 
2. To be directed. 3. To show regard by directing the 
look towards any thing. 4. To move the body round. 
5. To move ; to change posture. 6. To deviate. 7. To 
cilter ; to be changed or transformed. 8. To become by 
change. 9. To change sides. 10. To change opinions or 
parties. 11. To change the mind or conduct. 12. To 
change to acid. 13. To be brought eventually ; to result 
or terminate in. 14. To depend on for decision. 15. To 
become giddy. 16. To change a course of lile ; to repent. 
17. To change the course or direction. 

To turn about, to move the face to another quarter. — To turn 
away. 1. To deviate. 2. To depart from ; to forsake.— 
To turn in. 1. To bend inwards, 2. To enter for lodg- 
ings or entertainment. Gen. xix. 3. To go to bed. — To 
turn off, to be diverted j to deviate from a course. — To 
turn on or upon. 1 . To reply or retort. 2. To depend on. 
— To turn out. 1. To move from its place, as a bone. 2. 
To bend outwards ; to project, 3. To rise from bed ; also, 
to come abroad. — To turn over. 1. To turn from side to 
side ; to roll ; to tumble. 2. To change sides or parties. — 
To turn to, to be directed, — To turn under, to bend or be 
folded downwards. — To turn up, to bend or be doubled 
upwards 

.rUE,X, 71. 1. The act of turning ; movement or motion in 
a circular direction, whether horizontally, vertically or 
otherwise; a revolution. 2. A winding; a meandering 
course; a bend or bending. 3. A walk to and fro. 4. 
Change ; alteration ; vicissitude. 5. Successive course. 
G. Mannerof proceeding; change of direction. 7. Chance; 
hap ; opportunity. 8. Occasion ; incidental opportunity. 
9. Time at which, by successive vicissitudes, any thing 
is to be had or done, JO, Action of kindness or malice. 
II. Reigning inclination or course. 12. A step off the 
ladder at the gallows, 13, Convenience ; occasion ; pur- 
pose ; exigence, 14, Form ; cast ; shape ; manner ; in a 
literal or figurative sense. 15, Manner of arranging words 
in a senten"ce, 16. Change ; new position of things. 17. 
Change of direction. 18. One round of a rope or cord. — 
19. Ini mining, a pit sunk in some part of a. drift. — 20. 
Turn, OT tourn,m laic. The sheriff's turn is a court of 
record, held by the sheriff twice a year in every hundred 
within his county ; [England.] — By turn^. 1.' One after 
another; alternately. 2. At intervals. — To take turns, to 
take each other's places alternately. 

TURN -BENCH, n. A kind of irou'lathe. JMozon. 

TURN'-€oAT, n. [turn and coat.] One who forsakes his 
pany or principles. Shak. 

TURNED, pp. Moved in a circle ; changed. 

TUR'NEP, n. [Sax. nape: 1.. napus.] A bulbous root or 
plant of the genus brassica, of great value for rood. 

TURN ER, n. One whose occupation is to form things with 
a lathe ; one who turns. 

TURNER-ITE, n. A rare mineral. Phillips. 

TURN ER-Y, n. 1. The art of forming into a cylindrical 
shape by the lathe. 2., Things made by a turner. 

TURNING, ppr. Moving in a circle ;" changing ; A\nnd- 
ing. 

TURN'ING, 71, 1. A winding ; a bending course ; flexure ; 
meander, 2. Deviation from the wav or proper course, 

t TURNTNG-NESS, ?!. Quality of turning: tergiversation. 

TURN'PiKE, n. 1. StnctZ;/, a frame conslsting'of two bars 
crossing each other at right angles, and turning on a post 
or pin, "to hinder the passage of beasts, but admitting a 
person to pass between the arms. 2. A gate set across a 
road to stop travelers and carriages till toll is paid for 
Kee;ung the road in repair. 3. A turnpike-road. — 4. In 
miliiarii affairs, a beam filled with spikes to obstruct pas- 
sage. Cue. 

TURN'PiIslE, V. t. To form, as a road, in the manner of a 
turnpike-road ; to throw the path of a read into a rounded 
form. .Med Repps. 

TURN PIKE-RoAD, n. A road on which turnpikes or toU- 
eates are established by law, Cyc. 

TURN SERV-ING, «. The act or practice of serving one's 
turn or promoting private interest. 

TURN'SICK, a. [turn and sick.] Giddy. Bacon. 

TURN SOLE, n. [turn, and L sol.] A plant. 



TURNSPIT, n. 1. A person who turns a spit. 2, A va- 
riety of the dog, so called from turning the spit. 

TURN'STlLE, n. A turnpike in a toot-path. 

TURNSTONE, n. A bird, called the sea-dotterel. 

TUR'PEN-TlNE, n. [L. terebinthina ; Sp., It. trementina ; 
G. terpentin.] A transparent, resinous substance, flowing 
from several species of trees, as from the pine, larch, 
fir, &c. 

TURTEN-TlNE-TREE, n. A tree of the genus pistacia. 

TURP'I-TUDE, n. [Ft. ; L. turpitudo.] 1. Inherent base- 
ness or vileness of principle in the human heart ; extreme 
depravity. 2. Baseness or vileness of words or actions ; 
shameful wickedness. 

TUR'aUOISE. [See Turkois.] Shak. 

TUR'REL, 71, A tool used by coopers, Sherwood. 

TUR RET, 71. [L. turris.] 1. A little tower; a small emi- 
nence or spire attached to a building and rising above it. 
— 2. In the art of war, movable turrets, used formerly by 
the Romans, were buildings of a square form, consisting 
of ten or even twenty stories, 

TUR'RET-ED, a. 1. Formed like a tower. Bacon. 2 
Furnished with turrets, 

TURRLL-ITE, n. The fossil remains of a spu^l multilocu- 
lar shell. Ed. Encyc. 

TUR'TLE, 7i, [Sax; Ti. tourterelle: 1.. turtur.] 1. A fowl 
of the genus columba ; called, also, the turtle-dove. 2, 
The name sometimes given to the common tortoise, 3. 
The name given to the large sea-tortoise. 

TUR'TLE-DoVE, 7i, A species of the genus coZmttiJg, 

TUR'TLE-SHELL, ?i, [turtle a.nd shell.] A shell, a beau- 
tiful species of jnurez ; also, tortoise-shell, 

TUS'CAN, a. Pertaining to Tuscany, in Italy ; an epithet 
given to one of the orders of columns. 

TUS'CAN, n. An order of columns. 

TUSH, an exclamation, indicating check or rebuke. 

TUSH, n. [Sax. tux.] A tooth, 

TUSK, ?;. [Sax, tux.] The long, pointed tooth of certain 
rapacious, carnivorous or fighting animals. 

t TUSK, V. i. To gnash the teeth, as a boar. B. Jonson. 

TUSKED. I a. Furnished with tusks ; as, the tusky boar 

TUSK'Y, \ Drvden. 

TUS'SLE, n. A struggle ; a conflict. [Vulgar.] iJeeTousE. 

t TUS'SUC, or t TUS'SOC, n. A tuft of grass or twigs. 
Greic. 

TUT, an exclamation, used for checking or rebuking. 

TUT, 71. An imperial ensign of a golden globe with a cross 
on it. — Tut-bargain, among miners, a bargain by the 
lump. 

TDTEL-A6E, n. [from L. tutela.] 1, Guardianship ; pro 
tection. Bacon. 2, State of being under a guardian, 

Tu TE-LAR, ) a. [L. tutelaris.] Having the guardian- 

TU'TE-LA-RY, ^ ship or charge of protecting a person or 
a thing ; guEirdian ; protecting. 

Tu'TE-NAG, ji. The Chinese name of zink. 

Tu TOR, 71. [L. ; Fr. tuteur.] 1. In the civil law, a guar- 
dian ; one who has the charge of a child or pupil and his 
estate. 2. One who has the care of instructing another in 
various branches or in any branch of human learning. — 
3. In wiiversities and colleges, an ofiicer or member of 
some hall, who has the charge of instructing the students 

TU'TOR, V. t. 1. To teach; to instruct, Shak. 2, To treat 
with authority or severity, 3. To correct. 

TU'TOR-AGE, n. 1. In the civil Z aw, guardianship ; the 
charge of a pupil and his estate. 2. The authority or so- 
l^emnity of a tutor ; [little used.] 

Tu'TORED, pp. Instructed; corrected; disciplined. 

TU'TOR-ESS, 71. A female tutor; an instructress; a gov- 
erness. Alore. 

TU'TOR-ING, ppr. Teaching ; directing ; correcting. 

Tt'iTOR-ING, 71. The act of instructing ; education. 

TU'TOR-SHIP, 77. Office of a tutor. Hooker. 

Tutrix, n. a female guardian. Smollett. 

TUT'SAN, n. A plant of the genus A7/;>er7c«f7«. 

TUT'TI, 7i. [L. toti.] In Italian music, a direction for all to 
play in full concert. 

TUTTY, n. [It.tuzia; how 1,. tuda.] An argillaceous ore 
of zink, found in Persia, 

t TUZ, n. [qvi. touse.] A lock or tuft of hair. Dryden. 

TWAIN, a. or 77. [Sax, twegen ; Sw, tvennc : Dan. tvende.] 
Two, [J^earhj obsolete.] 

TWAIT, 7!. 1, A fish. 2. In old writers, woodland with the 
wood grubbed up and converted into arable land ; [local.] 

TWANG. V. i. [D. dwang ; Dan. tvang ; Sw. tcang.] To 
sound with a quick, sharp noi.se ; to make the sound of a 
string which is stretched and suddenly pulled. 

TWANG, V. t. To make to sound, as by pulling a tense 
string and letting it go suddenly, Shak. 

TWANG, 77. 1. A sharp, quick sound. 2. An affected 
modulation of the voice •, a kind of i.asal sound. 

TWAN'GLE, v.i. To twang. Shak. 

TWANG'ING, PP7-. 1, Making a sharp sound. 2. a. Con- 
temptibly noisy. Shak. 

TWANK, a. coimptJon of twang. .Addison. 

'TVYAS, a contraction of it was. 



See Synopsis. MOVE BOOK, D6VE ■,— BflLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J 3 S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



TWT 



864 



TWO 



rW^T'TLE, V. i. [G. schwatzen.] To prate ; to talk much 

and idly ; to gabble ; to chatter. UEstrange. 
rWAT'TLE, V. t. To pet ; to make much of. {Local.} 

Grose. 
TWAT'TLING, pyr. or a. Prating ; gabbling ; chattering. 
TWAT'TLING, n. The act of prating ; idle talk. 
t TWAY, for twain, two. Spenser. 

'^W A Y'-BLAuE, ; n. A plant of the genus ophris ; a poly- 
TWy'-BLADE, j petalous flower. 
TWiiAG, or TWeAK, v. t. [Sax. twiccian ; G. zwicken.] 

To twitch ; to pinch and pull with a sudden jerk. Swift. 
t TWrAG, 71. Distress; a pinching condition. Arbuthnot 
TWEE'DLE, v. t. To handle lightly ; used of awkward 

fiddling. Addison. 
TWEEL, ?). t. To weave with multiplied leases in the 

harness, by increasing the number of threads in each split 

of the reed, and the number of treddles, &c. 
TWEE'ZER-€ASE, n. A case for carrying tweezers, 
TWEE'ZERS, 11. Nippers ; small pincers used to pluck 

out hairs. 
TWELFTH, a. [Sax. twelfta ; Sw. tolfte.] The second 

after the tenth ; the ordinal of twelve. 
TWELFTH'-TiDE, n. [twelfth and tide.] The twelfth day 

after Christmas, Tusser. 
TWELVE, (twelv) a. [Sax. twelf; D. twaalf; G. zw'dlf.] 

The sum of two and ten ; twice six ; a dozen, 
TWELVE'MoNTH, (twelv'munth) ?i. [twelve and month.] 

A year, which consists of twelve calendar months. 
TWELVE'PENGE, (twelv'oens) n. A shilling. 
TVVELVE'PEN-NY, (twelv'pen-ny) a. Sold for a shillmg ; 

worth a shilling. Dryden. 
TWELVE'SGORE a. Twelve times twenty. 
TWEN'TI-ETH, a. [Sax. twentigtha, twentogotha.] The 

ordinal of twenty. X>r?/<few. 
TWEN'TY, a. [Sax. twenti, twentig.] 1. Twice ten. 2. 

Proverbially, an indefinite number, 
TWi'BIL, n. A kind of mattock, and a halbert. 
TWIGE, adv. [from two.] 1. Two times. 2 Doubly; as, 

twice the sum. — 3. Twice is used in composition ; as in 

t?c/ce-told. 
* TWID'LE, for ticeedle. See Tweedle. 
TWi'FAl,-LoW, zj. <. [tici, two, and fallow.] To plough a 

second time land that is fallowed. 
TWiFAL-LoWED, pp. Ploughed twice, as summer fallow. 
TWi'PAL-l.oW-ING, ppr. Ploughing a second time. 
T Wi'FAL-LoW-lNG, ?;. The operation of ploughing a 

second time, as fallow land, in preparing it for seed. 
t TWi'FoLD, a. Twofold. Speiiser. 
TWIG, 71. [Sax. twig : D. ticyg.] A small shoot or branch 

of a tree or other plant. Raleigh. 
TWIG'GEN, a. Made of twigs; wicker. Grew. 
TWIG'GY, a. Full of twigs; abounding wi*h shoots. 
TWi'LlGHT, (twillte) v. [Sax, tweon-leoht, doubtful light.] 

1. The faint light which is reflected upon the earth after 

sunset and before sunrise ; crepuscular light. 2, Dubious 

or uncertain view. 
TWi'LIGHT, a. 1. Obscure; imperfectly illuminated; 

shaded. 2. Seen or done by twilight. 
TWILL, V. t. To weave in ribs or ridges ; to quill. 
TWILT, n. A quilt. [Local.] Grose. 
TWIN, 71. [Sax. ticinan.] 1. One of two young produced 

at a birth by an animal that ordinarily brings but o-ne. 2. 

A sign of the zodiac ; Gemini. 3. One very much re- 
sembling another. 
TWIN, a. 1. Noting one of two born at a birth. 2. Very 

much resembling. — 3. In botany, swelling out into two 

protuberances, as an anther or serm. 
TWIN, V. i. I. To be born at the same birth. 2. To bring 

two at once. 3. To be paired ; to be suited. 
TWIN, V. t. To separate into two parts. Chaucer. 
TWIN'-BORN, a. Born at the same birth. 
TWINE, V. t. [Sax. twin an ; Y). twynen; Sw.tvinna.] 1. 

To twist ; to wind, as one thread or cord around another, 

or as any flexible substance around another body. 2. To 

unite closely ; to cling to ; to embrace. 3. To gird ; to 

wrap closely about. 
TWINE, V. i. 1, To unite closely, or by interposition of 

parts. 2. To wind ; to bend ; to make turns. 3. To turn 

round. 
TWINE, 71. 1. A strong thread composed of two or three 

smaller threads or strands twisted together. 2. A twist ; 

a convolution ; as, Typhon's snaky ttoine. 3. Embrace ; 

act of winding round. 
TWiNED, pp. Twisted ; wound round. 
TWINGE, (twinj) v. t. [Sw. tvinga ; D. dwingen ; Dan. 

tvinger.] 1. To affect with a sharp, sudden pain ; to tor- 

meiit with pinching or sharp pains. 2. To pinch ; to 

tweak ; to pull with a jerk. 
TWINGE, (twinj) v.i. To have a sudden, sharp, local 

pain, like a twitch ; to suffer a keen spasmodic or shoot- 
ing pain ; as, the side twinges. 
TWINGE, (twinj) n. 1. A sudden, sharp pain ; a darting, 

local pam of momentary continuance. 2, A sharp rebuke 

of conscience, 3, A pinch; a tweak. 



TWING'ING, ppr. Suffering a sharp, local pain of short 
continuance ; pinching with a sudden pull. 

TWING'ING, 71. The act of pinching with a sudden twitch • 
a sudden, sharp, local pain. 

TWlN'lNG, ppr. 1. Twisting ; winding round ; uniting 
closely to ; embracing.— 2, In botany, ascending spirally 
around a branch, stem or prop, 

TWINK, See Twinkle. 

TWIN'KLE, V. i. [Sax. twinclian.] 1. To sparkle ; to flash 
at intervals ; to shine with a tremulous, intermitted light, 
or with a broken, ouivering light. 2. To open and shut 
the eye by turns. 3. To play irregularly. 

TWIN'KLE, I n. 1. A sparkling ; a shining with inter- 

TWIN'KLING, \ mitted light. 2. A motion of the eye 
3. A moment ; an instant ; the time of a wink. 

TWIN'KLING, ppr. Sparkling. 

TWIN'LING, 71. [from twin.] A twin lamb. Tusser. 

TWINNED, a. [from twin.] Produced at one birth, like 
twins ; united. Milton. 

TWIN'NER, n. A breeder of twins. Tusser. 

TWIN'TER,7i. Abeasttwo winters old. [Local.] Grose. 

t T WIRE, V. i. To take short flights ; to flutter ; to quiver ; 
to twitter. Chaucer. 

TWIRL, V t. [D. dwarlen ,• G. qAierlcn.] To move or turn 
round with rapidity ; to whirl round. 

TWiRL, V. i. To revolve with velocity ; to be whirled 
round. 

TWiRL, n. 1. A rapid circular motion ; quick rotation 
2, Twist ; convolution. Woodward. 

TWIRLED, pp. Whirled round. 

TWiRL'ING, ppr. Turning with velocity ; whirling. 

TWIST, V. t. [Sax. getwistan ; D. twisten.] 1. To unite by 
winding one thread, strand or other flexible substance 

^ round another ; to form by convolution, or winding sepa- 
rate things round each other. 2. To form into a thread 
from many fine filaments. 3. To contort ; to writhe. 4. 
To wreathe ; to wind ; to encircle. 5. To form ; to 
weave. 6. To unite by intertexture of parts. 7. To 
unite ; to enter by winding ; to insinuate! 8. To per- 
A ert. 9. To turn from a straight line. 

TWIST, V. i. To be contorted or united by winding round 
each other. 

TWIST, 7?. 1. A cord, thread or any thing flexible, formed 
by winding strands or separate things round each other. 
2. A cord ; a string ; a single cord. 3. A contortion ; a 
writhe. 4. A little roll of tobacco. 5. JVlanner of twist- 
ing. 6. A twig ; [obs.] 

TWiST'ED, pp. Formed by winding threads or strands 
round each other, 

TWIST'ER, n. 1. One that twists. 2. The instrument of 
twisting. 

TWIST'ING, ppr. Winding different strands or threads 
round each other ; forming into a thread by twisting. 

TWIT, V. t. [Sax. othwitan, edwitan,(Btwitan.] To reproach , 
to upbraid, as for some previous act. 

TWITCH, V. t. [Sax. twiccian.] To pull with a sudden 
jerk ; to pluck with a short, quick motion ; to snatch. 

TWITCH, V. 1. A pull with a jerk ; a short, sudden, quick 
pull. 2. A short, spasmodic contraction of the fibres or 
muscles. 

TWITCHED, pp. Pulled with a jerk. 

TWITCH'ER, 71. One that twitches. 

TWITCH'-GRASS, n. Couch-grass ; a species of grass 
which it is difficult to exterminate. 

TWITCH'ING, ppr. VnWmg with a jerk; suff"ering short 
spasmodic contractions. 

TWIT'TED, pp. Upbraided. 

TV\"IT'TER, V. t. [D kwetteren ; Dan. quidrer ; Sw. quit- 
tra.] 1. To make a succession of small, tremulous, inter- 
mitted noises. 2. To make the sound of a half-suppressed 
laugh. 

TWIT'TER, 71. One who twits or reproaches. 

TWIT'TER, 77. A small, intermitted noise, as in half-sup- 
pressed laughter ; or the sound of a swallow. 

TWIT'TER-ING, ypr. Uttering a succession of small, in- 
terrupted sounds, as in a half-suppressed laugh. 

TWIT'TING, ppr. Upbraiding ; reproaching. 

TWIT'TING-LY, adv. With upbraiding. Junius. 

TWIT'TLE-TWAT-TLE, n. Tattle ; gabble. [ Vulgar.] 

'TWIXT, a contraction of betwixt ; used in poetry. 

TWO, (too) a. [Sax.Jtwa; Goth, twa, twai, twos ; D, tivee ; 
G. zwei ; Sw. tva j Jr., Gaelic, da, or do; Russ. tva, 
tvoe.] 1. One and one. — 2. Two is used in composition ; 
as in iMo-legged. 

TWO'-€AP-SuLED, a. Bicapsular. 

TWo'-CELLED, a. Bilocular. 

TWO'-CLEFT, a. Bifid. 

TW<5'-EDGED, a. Having two edges. 

T1^7c3'-FLOW-ERED, a. Bearing two flowers at the end. 

TWO'FoLD, a. 1. Two of the same kind, or two difl^er- 
ent things existing together. 2. Double. — 3. In botany 
two and two together, growing from the same place. 

TWO'FoLD, ad7;.->Doublv ; in a double degree. JMatt. xxiii 

TWO'-FORKED, a. Dichotomous. 



See Synopsis A K I, 6, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;--PlN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete 



UBI 



865 



(JLC 



TWO'-HAND-ED, a. Having two hands j an epithet used 
as equivalent to large, stout, and strong. Milton, 

TWO'-LeAVED, a. Diphyllous. 

TWC'-LoBED, a'. Bilobate. 

TWc3'-PART-ED, a. Bipartite. 

* TWO'-PENCE, (too'-pens, or tup pens) n. A small coin. 
Shak. 

TWO'-PET-ALED, a Dipetalous. 

TWO -SEED-ED, a. In botany, dispermous ; containing 
two seeds, as a fruit ; having two seeds to a flower, as a 
plant. 

TWO'-TIPPED, a Bilabiate. 

TWO'-ToNGUED, a. Double-tongued ; deceitful. Sandys. 

TW5'-VALVED, a. Bivalvular, as a shell, pod or glume. 

TyE, v. t. [See Tie, the more usual orthography, and Tr- 
iNn.] lo bind or fasten. 

TYE, 7t. 1. A knot ; [see Tis.] 2. A bond ; an obligation. 
—3. In ships, a runner, or short, thick rope. 

'J'Y'ER, n. One who ties or unites. Fletcher. 

TT'GER. See Tiger. 

TY-HEE'. See Tehee. 

TY'ING, ppr. [See Tie and Tyf..] Binding; fastening. 

'J'YKE, n. A dog ; or one as contemptible as a dog. Shak. 

TYM'BAL, 71. [Fr. timbale.] A kind of kettle-drum. 

TYM'PAN, n. [L. tympanum.} 1. A drum; hence, the 
barrel or hollow part if the ear behind the membrane of 
the tympanum. 2. The area of a pediment ; also, the 
part of a pedestal called the trunk, or dye. 3. The pannel 
of a door. 4. A triangular space or table in the corners or 
sides of an arch, usually enriched with figures. — 5. Among 
printers, a frame covered with parchment or cloth, on 
which the blank sheets are put in order to be laid on the 
form to be impressed. 

TYM'PAN-ITES, n. In medicine, a flatulent distention of 
the belly; wind dropsy ; tympany. Cyc. 

TYM'PAN-IZE, V. i. To act the part of a drummer. 

T JJ M'PAN-iZE, V. t. To stretch, as a skin over the head of 
a drum. 

TYM'PA-NUM, n. 1. The drum of the ear.— 2. In mechan- 
ics, a wheel placed round an axis. Cyc. 

TYM'PA-NY, n. A flatulent distention of the belly. 

TYN'Y, a. Small. See Tint. 

TYPE, n. [Fr. type ; L. typus ; Gr. rvnog.] 1. The mark 
of something ; an emblem ; that which represents some- 
thing else. 2. A sign ; a symbol ; a figure of something 
to come. 3. A model or form of a letter in metal or other 
hard material ; used in printing. — 4. In medicine, the form 
or character of a disease, in regard to the intension and 
remission of fevers, pulses, &c. ; the regular progress of a 
fever. — 5. In iiatural history, a general form, such as is 
common to the species of a genus, or the individuals of a 
species. 6. A stamp or mark. Shak. 

TYPE, V. t. To prefigure ; to represent by a model or sym- 
bol beforehand. [Little used.] White. 

TyPE'-MET-AL, n. A compound of lead and antimony, 
with a small quantity of copper or brass. 

T^'PHOID, a. [typhus, and Gr eiSos, form.] Resembling 
typhus ; weak ; low. Say. 

T'S^'PHUS, a. [from Gr. ru^w.] A typhus disease or fever 
is accompanied with great debility. The word is some- 
times used as a noun. 

TYP'IC, } a. Emblematic ; figurative ; representing 

TYP'I-€AL, ) something future by a form, model or re- 



semblance.— Typic fever is one that is regular in Its at- 
tacks. Cyc. 

TYP'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a typical manner ; by way of im 
age, symbol or resemblance. 

TYP'I-CAL-NESS, n. The state of being typical. 

TYP'I-FIED, pp. Represented by symbol or emblem 

TYP'I-Fy, v. t. To represent by an image, form, model or 
resemblance. Brown. 

TYP'I-FY-ING, ppr. Representing by model or emblem. 

TYP'0-€OS-MY, n. [Gr. rvnos and Koanos.] A representa- 
tion of the world, [Mot much used.] Camden. 

TY-POG'RA-PHER, n. A printer. Warton. 

TY-P0-GRAPH'I€, ) a. 1. Pertaining to prjiting. 2. 

*TY-PO-GRAPHI-€AL, i Emblematic. 

TY-PO-^GRAPH'I-eAL-LY. adv. I. By means of types ; 
after the manner of printers. 2. Emblematically ; figura- 
tively. 

TY-POG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. tvkos and j/pa^w.] 1. The art of 
printing, or the operation of impressing letters and words 
on forms of types. 2. Emblematical or hieroglyphic rep- 
resentation. 

TYP'0-LITE, n. [Gr. rvao? and >tflof.] In natural history^ 
a stone or fossil which has on it irnpressions or figures of 
plants and aniuials. 

t TY'R AN, n. A tyrant. Spenser. 

TYR'AN-NESS, n. A female tyrant. Akenside. 

TY-RANNI€, )a. [Fr. tyramiique.] Pertaining to a 

TY-RAN'NI-€AL, \ tyrant ; suiting a tyrant ; arbitrary , 
unjustly severe in government ; imperious ; despotic j 
cruel. 

TY-RAN'NI-€AL-LY, adv. With unjust exercise of power ; 
arbitrarily ; oppressively. 

TY-RAN'NI-€AL-NESS, n. Tyrannical disposition or prac- 
tice. Ch. Relig. Appeal. 

TY-RAN'NI-ClDE, n. [L. tyrannus and ccedo.] 1. The act 
of killing a tyrant. 2. One who kills a tyrant. 

t TYR'AN-NING, ppr. or a. Acting as a tyrant. Spenser. 

TYR'AN-NiZE, v. i. [Fr. tyranniser.] To act the tyrant , 
to exercise arbitrary power ; to rule with unj ust and op- 
pressive severity. 

TYR'AN-NOUS, a. Tyrannical; arbitrary; unjustly se- 
vere ; despotic. Sidney. 

TYR'AN-NY, n. [Fr. tijrannie.] 1. Arbitrary or despotic 
exercise of power ; the exercise of power over subjects 
and others with a rigor not authorized by law or justice, 
or not requisite for the purposes of government. Hence, 
tyranny is often synonymous with cruelty and oppression. 
2. Cruel government or discipline. 3. Unresisted and 
cruel power. 4. Absolute monarchy cruelly administered 
5. Severity ; rigor ; inclemency. 

TY'RANT, 7!.. [L. tyrannus ; Gr. rvpavvos.] 1. A monarch 
or other ruler or master, who uses power to oppress his 
subjects ; a person who exercises unlawful authority, or 
lawful authority in an unlawful manner. 2. A despotic 
ruler ; a cruel master ; an oppressor. 

TIfRE. [See Tire.] Hakewill. 

TYRE, ??. 7. To prey upon. See Tire. 

TY'RO, n. A beginner. See Tiro. 

TyTHE. See Tithe. 

TyTH'ING. See Tithing. 

TZAR, n. The emperor of Russia. 

TZAR-l'NA, 71. The empress of Russia. 



U. 



Uis the twenty-first letter and the fifth vowel in the 
English Alphabet. The first, or long and proper sound 
of u, in English, is now not perfectly simple, and it can- 
not be strictly called a voicel. The sound seems to be 
nearly that of eu, shortened and blended. This sound, 
however, is not precisely that of eit, or yu, except in a few 
words, as in unite, union, uniform; the sound does not 
begin with the distinct sound of e, nor end in the distinct 
sound of. 00, unless when prolonged. It cannot be well 
expressea in letters. This sound is heard in the unaf- 
fected pronunciation of annuity, numerate, brute, mute, 
dispute, duke. — In some words, as in bull, full, pull, the 
sound of u is that of the Italian u, the French ou, but 
shortened. This is a vowel. — f/has another short sound, 
as in tun, run, sun, turn, rub. This, also, is a vowel. 
U'BER-OUS, a. [L. uber.] Fruitful ; copious. [Little 

-used. I 
U'BER-TY, 71. [L. nbertas.] Abundance ; fruitfulness. 
U-BI-€a'TION, \ n. [L. ubi., where.] The state of being in 
U-Bl'E-TY, \ a place; local relation. [iittZewsed.] 
U-Bia'UI-TA-RI-NESS, ti. Existence every where. [Little 
iLsed,] 



U-Bia UI-TA-RY, (yu-bik'we-ter-ry) a. [Ij.ubique, from 
ubi.] Existing every where, or in all places. Howell. 

U-Bia'UI-TA-RY, n. One that exists every where. 

U-Bia'UI-TY, (yu-bik'we-ty) n. [L. ubique.] Existence in 
all places or every where at the same time ; omnipresence 
South. 

UD'DER, n. [Sax. uder ; G. euter.] The breast of a female , 
bxit the word is applied chiefly or wholly to the glandular c"- 
gan of female beasts, in which the milk is secreted 

UD'DERED, a. Furnished with udders. Gay. 

UG'LI-LY, adv. In an ugly manner; with deformity 

UG'LI-NESS, n. 1. Total want of beauty ; deformity of 
person. 2. Turpitude of mind; moral depravity j loath- 



UG'LY, a. [W. hag, hagyr.] Deformed ; offensive to the 

sight ; contrary to beauty ; hateful. 
U-KaSE', 71. In Russia, a proclamation or imperial order 

published. 
U'LANS, 71. A certain description of militia among the 

modern Tartars. Jones. 
UL'CER, n. [Fr. ulcere ; It. ulcera ; L. ulcus.] A sore ; a 

solution of continuity in any of the soft parts of the body , 



» See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE. 
.55 



-€ as K ; Ct as J •, S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this + Obsolete. 



UMB 



866 



UNA 



attended with a secretion of pus, or some kind of dis- 
charge. 

irL'CER-ATE, V. % To be formed into an ulcer ; to become 
ulcerous. 

UL'CER-ATE, v. t. [Fr. ulcer er ; L. ulcero.\ To affect 
with an ulcer or with ulcers. Harvey. 

UL'CER-A-TED, jrp. Affected with ulcers. 

UL'CER-A-TING, fpr. Turning to an ulcer ; generating 
ulcers 

UL-CER-A'TION, 71. [Fr. ; L. ulceratto.] 1. The process 
of forming into an ulcer 5 or the process of becoming 'il- 
cerous. 2. An ulcer ; a morbid sore that discharges pus 
or other fluid. 

UL'CERED, a Having become an ulcer. Temple, 

UL'CER-OUSj a. 1. Having the nature or character of an 
ulcer ; discharging purulent or other matter. 2. Affected 
with an ulcer or with ulcers. 

UL'CER-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being ulcerous. 

LTL'eUS-LE, n. [L. ulcusculum.] A little ulcer. 

ULE'-TREE, n. In botany, the castilla, a genus of trees. 

U-LIG'IN-OUS, a. [I,. uUginosus.] Muddy ; oozy ; slimy. 

UL LA6E, n. In commerce, tJie wantage of casks of liquor, 
or what a cask wants of being full. Cyc. 

UL'MIN, n. [L. ulmus, elm,] A substance obtained from 
the elm-tree, of very singular properties. 

UL'NAGE. See Alnage, Aunage. 

UL'NAR, a. [L. ulna.] Pertaining to the ulna, or cubit. 

UL-Te'RI-OR, a. [L. comparative.] 1. Further,— 2. In 
geography, being or situated beyond or on the further 
side of any line or boundary. 

UL'TI-MATE, ffl, [h.ultimus.] 1. Furthest ; most remote 5 
extreme. 2. Final ; being that to which all the rest is di- 
rected, as to the main object. 3, Last in a train of con- 
sequences ; intended in the last resort. 4. Last ; termi- 
nating ; being at the furthest point. 5, The last into 
which a substance can be resolved ; constituent, Darwin. 

UL'TI-MATE-LY, ado. Finally ; at last ; in the end. 

UL-TI-Ma'TUM, 7!. [L.] 1, In rf«pZo?7mq/, the final propo- 
sitions, conditions or terms offered as the" basis of a treaty ; 
the most favorable terms that a negotiator can offer. 2. 
Any final proposition or condition. 

UL-TIM'I-TY, 71. The last stage or consequence. [L. u.] 

UL-TRA-MA-RlNE', a. [L. ultra and marinus.] Situated 
or being beyond the sea. Ainsworth. 

UL-TRA-MA-RlNE', n. 1. A beautifiil and durable sky- 
blue ; a color formed of the mineral called lapis lazuli. 2. 
Azure-stone. 

UL-TRA-MON'TANE, a. [Fr. ; L. ultra and viontanus.'] 
Being beyond the mountain, Cyc. 

UL-TRA-MUJM'DANE, a. [L. ultra and inundus.'] Being 
beyondjhe world, or beyond the limits of our system. 

t UL-TRo'NE-OUS, a. [L, ultro.} Spontaneous : voluntary. 

UL'U-LATE, V. i. [L. ululo.] To howl, as a dog or vv^olf, 
Herbert. 

UL-U-La'TION, n. A howling, as of the wolf or dog. 

UM'BEL, 71, [L. umbella.] In botany, a particular mode of 
inflorescence or flowering. 

UM'BEL-LAR, a. Pertaining to an umbel ; having the form 
of an umbel. 

UM'BEL-LATE, ) a. Bearing umbels ; consisting of an 

UM'BEL-LA-TED, \ umbel ; growing on an umbel. 

UM'BEL-LET, ) n. A little or partial umbel. Mar- 

UM-BEL'LI-€LE, i tyn. 

UM-BEL-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. umbella and fero.'] Produ- 
cing the inflorescence called an umhel ; bearing umbels. 

UM'BER, 7?. In natural history, an ore of iron, a fossil of a 
brown, yellowish, or blackish-brown color. 

UM'BER, n. A fowl of Africa, called the Jfrican crow. 

UM'BER, 71. A fish of the truttaceous kind. 

UM'BER, V. t. To color with umber ; to shade or darken. 

UM'BERED, a. [L. umbra ] 1 Shaded ; clouded. Shak. 
2. {from umber.] Painted with umber. 

t)M-BIL'I€, 71. The navel ; the centre, Herbert. 

UM-BIL'I€, I a. [L. umbilicus.] Pertaining to the na- 

UM-BIL'I-€AL, \ vel. 

UM-BIL'I-€ATjl;, I a. Navel-shaped ; formed inthemid- 

UM-BIL'I-€A-TED, \ die like a navel. 

UM'BLES, 7?. [Fr,] The entrails of a deer. Diet. 

UM'BO, 71, [L,] The boss or protubeiant part of a shield. 

UM-BOL'DI-LITE, n. A Vesuvian mineral. 

UM'BRA, 71. A fish caught in the Mediterranean. 

UMBRA6E, 77, [Fr. ombr age ; l,. umbra.] 1, A shade ; a 
skreen of trees, Milton. 2. Shadow ; shade ; shght ap- 
pearance ; [obs.] 3. Suspicion of injury ; offensp 5 resent- 
ment. 
(rM-BRA'6E0US, a. [Fr. ombrageux.] 1. Shading j form- 
ing a shade. 2, Shady ; shaded. 3. Obscure. 

UM-BRa'6E0US-NESS, n. Shadiness. Raleigh. 
UM'BRATE, V. t. [L. umbro.] To shade ; to shadow. 

UM'BKA-TED, pp. Shaded ; shadowed. 
UM-BRAT'I€, I a. [L. umbraticus.] 1. Shadowy ; typ- 
IJM-BRAT'I-€AL, \ ical. 2. Keeping in the shade or at 
home. 
UM'BRA-TILE, a. [h.umbratilis.] 1. Being in the shade. 



2. Unreal ; unsubstantial. 3. Being in retirement ; se- 
cluded ; [little used.] 

UM-BRa'TIOUS, a. Suspicious ; apt to distrust ; captious , 
disposed to take umbrage. [Little v^ed.] 

UM'BREL, ) 77. [from L, umb7-a.] A shade, skreen or 

UM-BREL'LA, ) guard, carried in the hand for shelter- 
ing the person from the rays of the sun, or from rain or 
snow. _ 

UM-BRIeRE', (um-breer') 71. Tlie visor of a helmet. Spenser. 

UM-BROS'I-TY, 7t. [h.umbrosus.] Shadiness, [Little used.] 

UM'PI-RA6E, 7t [from umpire,] 1. The power, right or 
authority of an umpire to decide. Presidents Message, 
Oct._18Q3. 2. The decision of an umpire. 

UMTiRE, 71. [Norm, impere ; L. imperium.] 1. A third 
person called in to decide a controversy or question sub- 
mitted to arbitrators, when the arbitrators do not agree in 
opinion. 2. A person to whose sole decision a controver 
sy or question between parties is referred. 

UM'PlRE, V. t. To arbitrate ; to decide as umpire ; to set- 
tle, as a dispute, [Little used.] Bacon. 

UN, a prefix or inseparable preposition. Sax. un or 071, usu- 
ally U7i, G. un, D. on. Sans, an, is the same word as the 
L. in. It is a particle ol negation, giving to words to 
which it is prefixed a negative signification. We use 7m 
or in indifferently for this purpose ; and the tendency of 
modern usage is to prefer the use of in, in some words, 
where un was formerly used. Un admits of no change of 
H into I, m or r, as in does, in illuminate, immense, irreso- 
lute. It is prefixed generally to adjectives and partici- 
ples, and almost at pleasure. 

UN-A-BaS'ED, a. Not abased ; not humbled. 

UN-A-BASH'ED, a. Not abashed ; not confused with 
shame,_or by modesty. Pope. 

UN-A-BaT'ED, a. Not abated ; not diminished in strength 
or violence ; as, the fever remains unabated. 

UN-AB-BllE' VI-A-TED, a Not abbreviated ; not shortened. 

UN-A-BET'TED, a. Not abetted ; not aided. 

t UN-A-BIL'I-TY, or t UN-a'BLE-NESS, n. Want of abil- 
ity. We use inability. 

UN-AB-JuR'ED, a. Not abjured 5 not renounced on oath, 

UN-A'BLE, a, 1. Not able ; not having sufficient strength 
or means ; impotent ; weak in power, or poor in sub- 
stance. 2. Not having adequate knowledge or skill, 

UN-A-BOL'ISH-A-BLE, a. Not abolishable ; that may not 
be abolished, annulled or destroyed Milton. 

UN-A-BOL'ISHED, a. Not abolished ; not repealed or an- 
nulled , remaining in force. Hooker. 

UN-A-BRIDG'ED, a. Not abridged ; not shortened. 

UN-AB'RO-GA-TED, a. Not abrogated ; not annulled 

UN-AB-SOLV'ED, a. Not absolved ; not acquitted or for- 
given. 

UN-AB-SORB'A-BLE, a. Not absorbable ; not capable of 
being absorbed. Davy, 

UN-AB-SORB'ED, a. Not absorbed ; not imhibed, Davy. 

UN-A€-CEL'ER-A-TED, a. Not accelerated ; not hastened. 

UN-A€-CENT'ED, a. Not accented ; having no accent. 

UN-A€-CEPT'A-ELE, a. Not acceptable ; not pleasing ; 
not welcome ; not such as will be received with pleasure. 

UN-AC-CEPT'A-BLE-NESS, 77. The state of not pleasing. 

UN-A€-CEPT'A-BLY, adv. In an unwelcome or unpleas- 
ing manner, 

UN-A€-CEPT'ED, a. Not accepted or received ; rejected ; 
Prior, 

t UN-A€-CESS'I-BLE, a. Inaccessible. 

UN-AC-CESS'I-BLE-NESS, n. State of not being approach- 
able ; inaccessibleness. 

UN-A€-€OM'MO-DA-TED, a. 1, Not accommodated ; net 
furnished with external conveniences. 2, Not fitted or 
adapted, 

UN-A€-eOM'MO-DA-TING, a. Not accommodating; not 
ready to oblige ; uncompliant. 

UN-Ae-€6M'PA-NIED, a. 1. Not attended ; having no 
attendants, companions or followers. 2. Having no ap- 
pendages. 

UN-A€-€OM'PLISHED, a. 1. Not accomplished ; not fin- 
ished ; incomplete. 2. Not refined in manners ; not fur- 
nished with elegant li terature 

UN-Ae-€OM'PLISH-MENT, n. Want of accomplishment 
or execution, Milton. 

UN-A€-€ORD'ING, a. Not according ; not agreeing. 

UN-A€-€OUNT-A-BIL'I-TY, 71. The state or quality of 
not being accountable ; or the state of being unaccounta- 
ble for. Swift. 

UN-A€-€OUNT'A-BLE, a. 1. Not to be accounted for. 2. 
Not explicable ; not to be solved by reason or the light 
possessed ; not reducible to rule. 3. Not subject to ac- 
count or control ; not subject to answer ; not responsible. 

UN-A€-€OUNT'A-BLE-NESS, 77. 1. Strangeness. 2. Ir- 
responsibility. 
' UN-Ae-€OUNT'A-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be ex 
plained ; strangely, Addison. 

UN-A€-€RED'IT-ED. a. Not accredited ; not received 
not authorized. 

UN-A€'€U-RATE, a. Inaccurate ; not correct or exact. 



• See Bynopsi" A, E, I, O, U, "?, long.— FAVs.,. FALL, WHAT j^PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— t Obsolete 



UNA 



867 



UNA 



(;N ACeU-RATE-NESS, n. Want of correctness. 

(/i\-A€-€uS'ED,a. Not accused ; not charged with a crime 
or fault. 

?TN-A€-CUS'TOMED, a. 1. Not accustomed; not used; 
not made familiar ; not iiabituated. 2. New ; not usual ; 
not made familiar. Watts. 

UN-A-CHlE V'A-BLE, a. That cannot be done. 

UN-A-CHIeV'£D, a. Not achieved ; not accomplished or 
performed. 

UN-aCH'ING, a. Not aching ; not feeling pain. 

UN-Ae-KN0WL'ED6ED, a. 1. Not acknowledged; not 
recognized. 2. Not owned ; not confessed ; not avowed. 

UN-A€-aUAlNT'ANCE, n. Want of acquaintance or fa- 
miliarity ; want of knowledge ; followed by with. 

UN-A€-aUAlNT'ED, a. 1. Not well known ; unusual ; 
[obs.] 2. Not having familiar knowledge ; followed by 
with. 

UN-A€-aUAlNT'ED-NESS, w. Want of acquaintance 

UN-A€-Q.UiR'ED, a. Not acquired ; not gained. 

UN-A€-aUlT'TED, a. Not acquitted ; not declared inno- 
cent. 

UN-A€T'ED, a. Not acted ; not performed ; not executed. 

UN-ACT'IVE, a. 1. Not active; not brisk. 2. Having no 
employment. 3. Not busy ; not diligent; idle. 4. Hav- 
ing no action or efficacy ; see Inactive. 

UN-AeT'U-A-TED, a. Not actuated ; not moved. 

UN-A-DAPT'ED, a. Not adapted ; not suited. Mitford. 

UN-AB-DICT'ED, a. Not addicted ; not given or devoted. 

UN-AD-JUDG'ED, a. Not adjudged ; not judicially decided. 

UN-AD-JUST'ED, a. 1. Not adjusted ; not settled ; not reg- 
ulated. 2. Not settled ; not liquidated. 

UN-AD-MIN IS.TERED, a. Not administered. 

UN-AD-MlR'ED, a. Not admired ; not regarded with great 
affection or respect. Pope. 

UN-AD-MlR'lNG, a. Not admiring. 

T7N-AD-M0N ISHED, a. Not aamonished ; not cautioned, 
warned or advised. Milton. 

UN-A-DOPT'£D, a. Not adopted ; not received as one's 
own. 

UN-A-DoR'ED, a. Not adored ; not worshiped. 

UN-A-DORN'ED, a. Not adorned ; not decorated ; not em- 
bellished. Milton. 

UN-A-DUL'TER-A-TED, a. Not adulterated; genuine; 
pure. 

UN-A-DUL'TER-OUS, a. Not guilty of adultery. 

UN-A-DUL'TER-OUS-LY, adv. Without being guilty of 
adulterv. 

UN-AD-VENT'UR-OU^, a. Not adventurous ; not bold. 

UN-AD-VlS'A-BLE, a. Not advisable ; not to be recom- 
mended -^ not expedient ; not prudent. 

UN-AD-VlS'ED, a. 1. Not prudent ; not discreet. Shale. 2. 
Done v/i_thout due consideration ; rash. Shak. 

UN-AD-VlS'ED-LY, ado. Imprudently ; indiscreetly ; rash- 
ly ; without due consideration. Hooker. 

UN-AD-VlS'ED-NESS, n. Imprudence ; rashness. 

UN-a'ER-A-TED, a. Not combined with carbonic acid. 

UN-AF'FA-BLE, a. Not affable ; not free to converse. 

UN-AF-FE€TiED, a. 1. Not affected ; plain ; natural ; not 
labored or artificial ; simple. 2. Real ; not hypocritical ; 
sincere. 3. Not moved ; not having the heart or passions 
touched. 

UN-AF-FE€T'ED-LY, adv. Really ; in sincerity ; without 
disguise ; without attempting to produce false appear- 
ances. 

UN-AF-FECT'ING, a. Not pathetic; not adapted to move 
the passions. 

UN-AF-FE€'TION-ATE, a. Not affectionate ; wanting af- 
fection. 

UN-AF-FiRM'ED, a. Not affirmed ; not confirmed. 

UN-AF-FLI€T'ED. a. Not afflicted ; free from trouble. 

UN-AF-FRiGHT'ED, a. Not frightened. 

UN-AG'GRA-VA-TED, a. Not aggravated. 

UN-AG'I-TA-TED, a. Not agitated ; calm. 

UN-A-GREE'A-BLE, a. Not consistent ; unsuitable. Milton. 

UN-A-GREE'A-BLE-NESS, n. Unsuitableness ; inconsist- 
«!ncy with. Decay of Piety. 

t UNjAID'A-BLE, a. Not to be aided or assisted. 

UN-aID'ED, a. Not aided ; not assisted. Blackmore. 

UN-aIM'ING, a. Having no particular aim or direction. 

UN-A-LARM'ED, a. Not alarmed ; not disturbed with fear. 

UN-aL'IEN-A-BLE, (un-ale'yen-a-bl) a. Not alienable ; that 
cannoi be alienated ; that may not be transferred. 

UN-aL'IEN-A-BLY, adv. In a manner that admits of no 
alienation ; as, property unalienably vested. 

UN-aL'IEN-A-TED, a. Not alienated ; not transferred. 

UN-AL-LaY'ED, a. 1. Not allayed ; not appeased or qui- 
eted. 2._For unalloyed ,• [see Unalloyed.] 

UN-AL-Le'VI-A-'I'ED, a. Not alleviated ; not mitigated. 

UN-AL-Li'A-BLE, a. That cannot be allied or connected 
m amity_. 

UN AL-Ll'ED, a. 1. Having no alliance or connection, 
either by nature, marriage or treaty. 2. Having no pow- 
erful relation. 

UN-AL-LOW ED, a. Not allowed ; not permitted. 



UN-AL-LOY ED, a. Not alloyed; not reduced by foieign 
admixture. Mitford. 

UN-AL-LuR'ED, a. Not allured ; not enticed. 

UN-AL-LuR'ING, a. Not alluring ; not tempting. Mitford 

UN-ALMS'ED, (un-amzd') a. Not having received alms. 

UN-AL'TER-A-BLE, a. Not alterable ; unchangeable ; ira 
mutable. South. 

UN-AL'TER-A-BLE-NESS, n. Unchangeableness ; immu 
tability. Woodward. 

UN-AL'TER-A-BLY, adv. Unchangeably ; immutably. 

UN-AL'TERED, a. Not altered or changed. Dryden. 

UN-A-MaZ'ED, a. Not amazed ; free from astonishment. 

UN-AM-BIG'U-OUS, a. Not ambiguous; not of doublful 
meaning ; plain ; clear ; certain. Chesterfield. 

UN-AM-BIG'U-OUS-LY, adv. In a clear, explicit manner. 

UN-AM-BIG'U-OUS-NESS, 71 Clearness; explicitness 

UN-AM-Bi"TIOUS, a. 1. Not ambitious ; free from amjti 
tion, 2. Not affecting show ; not showy or prominent, 

UN-AM-Bl"TIOUS-NESS, v. Freedom from ambition. 

UN-A-MEND'A-BLE, a. Not capable of emendation. 

UN-A-MEND'ED, a. Not amended ; not rectified. 

UN-a'MI-A-BLE, a. Not amiable ; not conciliating love 
not adapted to gain affection. Spectator. 

UN-A'MI-A-BLE-NESS, n. Want of amiableness. 

UN-A-MuS'ED, a. Not amused ; not entertained. 

UN-A-MuS'ING, a. Not amusing ; not affording entertain 
ment. 

UN-A-Mu'SIVE, a. Not affording amusement. 

UN-AN-A-LO'G'I-eAL, a. Not analogical. 

UN-A-NAL'O-GOUS, a. Not analogous ; not agreeable to. 

UN-AN'AL-YZED, a. Not analyzed : not resolved into sim 
pie parts. Boyle. 

UN-AN'€HORED, a. Not anchored ; not moored. 

UN-A-NeL'ED, a. Not having received extreme unction 

UN-AN'GU-LAR, a. Having no angles. Good. 

UN-AN'I-MAL-lZED, a. Not formed into animal matter. 

UN-AN'I-MA-TED, a. 1. Not animated ; not possessed of 
life. 2. Not enlivened ; not having spirit ; dull. 

UN-AN'I-MA-TING, a. Not animating ; dull. 

U^NA-NIM'I-TY, n. [Fi: unanimite.] Agreement of a num 
ber of persons in opinion or determination. 

U-N AN I-MOUS, a. 1. Being of one mind; agreeing in 
opinion or determination. 2. Formed by unanimity. 

U-NAN'I-MOUS-LY, adv. With entire agreement of minds. 

U-NAN'I-MOUS-NESS, n. I. The state of being of one 
mind. 2^ Proceeding from unanimity. 

UN-AN-NeAL'ED, a. Not annealed ; not tempered by 
heat; suddenly cooled. 

UN-AN-NEX'ED, a. Not annexed ; not joined. 

UN-AN-NOY'ED, a. Not annoyed or incommoded. 

UN-AN-OINT'ED, a. 1. Not anointed. 2. Not having re- 
ceived extreme unction. Shak, 

UN-aN'SWER-A-BLE, a. Not to be satisfactorily answer- 
ed ; not capable of refutation. 

UN-AN'SWER-A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being unan- 
swerable. 

UN-AN'SWER-A-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be an- 
swered ; beyond refutation. South. 

UN-AN'SWERED, a. 1. Not answered ; not opposed by a 
reply. 2. Not refuted. 3. Not suitably returned. 

UN-A-PO€'RY-PHAL, a. Not apocryphal ; not of doubtful 
authority. Milton. 

UN-AP-PALL'ED, a. Not appalled ; not daunted ; not im 
pressed with fear. Smith. 

UN-AP-PAR'ELED, a. Not appareled ; not clothed. 

UN-AP-PaR'ENT, a. Not apparent ; obscure ; not visible. 

UN-AP-PEAL'A-BLE,a. Not appealable ; admitting no ap- 
peal ; th^t cannot be carried to a higher court by appeal. 

UN-AP-PeAS'A-BLE, a. 1. Not to be appeased or pacified. 
2. Not placable 

UN-AP-PeAS'ED, a. Not appeased ; not pacified. 

UN-AP-PLI'A-BLE, a. Inapplicable. [Little used.] Milton 

UN-AP'PL1-€A-BLE, a. Inapplicable ; that cannot be ap- 
plied. 

UN-AP-PLTEi), a. Not applied ; not used according to the 
destination. 

UN-AP'PO-SiTE, a. Not apposite ; not suitable. 

UN- AP-PRei CIA-TED, a. Not duly estimated or valued 

UN-AP-PRE-HEND'ED, a. 1. Not apprehended ; not taken 
2. Not understood. Hooker. 

UN-AP-PRE-HENS'I-BLE, a. Not capable of being under- 
stood. 

UN-AP-PRE-HENS'IVE, a 1. Not apprehensive ; not fear- 
ful or suspecting. 2. Not intelligent ; not ready of con- 
ception. 

UN-AP-PRlS'ED, a. Not apprised; not previously in 
formed. 

UN-AP-PRoACH'A-BLE, a. That cannot be approached , 

UN-AP-PRoACH'A-BLE-NESS, n. Inaccessibleness. 

UN-AP-PRoACH'ED, a. Not approached ; not to be ap- 
proached. Milton. 

UN-AP-PRo'PRI-A-TED, a. 1. Not appropriated ; not ap- 
plied or directed to be applied to any specific object. 2 



* See Syyiopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; iS as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. ]Obsolete, 



UNA 



868 



UNB 



Not granted or given to any person, company or corpora- 
tion. 

UN-AP-PROV ED, a. Not approved ; not having received 
approbation. Milton. 

UN-APT', a. 1. Not apt ; not ready or prepense. 2. Dull 5 
not ready to learn. 3. Unfit ; not qualified ; not disposed. 
4. Improper; unsuitable. 

UN-APT'LY, adv. Unfitly ; improperly. Grew. 

UN-APT'NESS, n. 1. Unfitness ; unsuitableness. 2. Dull- 
ness ; want of quick apprehension. 3. Unreadiness ; dis- 
qualification ; want of propension. 

UN-ARGUED, a. 1. Not argued ; not debated. 2. Not dis- 
puted ; not opposed by argument. 3. Not censured ; a 
Latinism ; [obs.l 

t UN-aRM', v. t. To disarm ; to strip of armor or arms. 

UN-ARM'ED, a. 1. Not having on arms or armor ; not 
equipped. 2. Not furnished with scales, prickles or other 
defense, as animals and plants. 

UN-AR-RaIGN'ED, (un-ar-rand') a. Not arraigned; not 
brought to trial. Daniel. 

(JN-AR-RaNG'ED, a. Not arranged ; not disposed in order. 

UN-AR-RaY'ED, a. 1. Not arrayed ; not dressed. Dryden. 
2. Not disposed in order. 

UN-AR-RiV'ED, a. Not arrived, [informed.] Young. 

\ UN-ART'ED, a. Ignorant of the arts. Waterliouse. 

UN-ART'FUL, a. 1. Not artful ; artless ; not having cun- 
ning. Dryden. 2. Wanting skill ; [little used.] Cheyne. 

UN-ART'FUL-LY, adv. Without art ; in an unartful man- 
ner. 

rjN-AR-TI€'U-LA-TED, a. Not articulated. Encyc. 

UN-AR-TI-Fi"CIAL, a. Not artificial ; not formed by art. 

UN-AR-TI-ri"CIAL-LY, adv. Not with art ; in a manner 
contrary to art. Derham. 

UN-AS-CEND'I-BLE, a. That cannot be ascended. 

UN-AS-CER-TaIN'A-BLE, a. That cannot be ascertained, 
or reduced to a certainty. Wheaton's Rep. 

UN-AS-CER-TaIN'ED, a. Not reduced to a certainty ; not 
certainly known. Hamilton. 

UN-aSK'ED, a. I. Not asked ; unsolicited. 2. Not sought 
by entreaty or care. Dryden. 

UN-AS-PE€T'IVE, a. Not having a view to. FeltJiam. 

UN-AS'PI-RA-TED, a. Having no aspirate. Parr. 

UN-AS-PlR'ING, a. Not aspiring ; not ambitious. Rogers. 

UN-AS-SaIL'A-BLE, a. Not assailable ; that cannot be as- 
saulted._SAa/i;. 

UN-AS-SaIL'ED, a. Not assailed ; not attacked by vio- 
lence. Milton. 

UN-AS-SAULT'ED, a. Not assaulted ; not attacked 

UN-AS-SaY'ED, a. 1. Not essayed ; not attempted. 2. Not 
subjected to assay or trial. 

UN-AS-SEM'BLED, a. Not assembled or congregated. 

UN-AS-SERT'ED, a. Not asserted ; not affirmed ; not vm- 
dicated. 

UN-AS-SESS'ED, a. Not assessed ; not rated. 

UN-AS-SiGN'A-BLE, a. Not assignable ; that cannot be 
transferred by assignment or indorsement. Jones. 

UN-AS-SlGN'ED, (un-as-sind') a. Not assigned ; not de- 
clared ; not transferred. 

U?J-AS-SIM'I-LA-TED, a. 1. Not assimilated ; not made to 
resemble. — 2. In physiology, not formed or converted into 
a like substance ; not animalized, as food. 

UN-AS-SIST'ED, a. Not assisted ; not aided or helped. 

UN-AS-SI_ST'ING, a. Giving no help. Dryden. 

UN-AS-So'CIA-TED, a. 1. Not associated ; not united with 
a society. — ^2. In Connecticut, not united with an associa- 
tion. 

UN-AS-SORT'ED, a. Not assorted ; not distributed into 
sorts. 

UN-AS-SuM'ING, a. Not assuming ; not bold or forward ; 
not making lofty pretensions ; not arrogant ; modest. 

UN-AS-SuK'ED, (un-a-shurd') a. 1. Not assured ; not con- 
fident. 2. Not to be trusted. 3. Not insured against loss. 

UN-A-ToN'A-BLE, a. Not to be appeased ; not to be recon- 
ciled. Milton. 

UN-A-ToN'ED, a. Not expiated. Rowe. 

UN-AT-TACK'ED, a. 1. Not attached ; not arrested. 2. 
Not closely adhering ; having no fixed interest. 3. Not 
united bv affection. 

UN-AT TA€K'ED, a. Not attacked ; not assaulted. 

U?J-AT-TaIN'A-BLE, a. Not to be gained or obtained. 

UN-AT-TaIN A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being beyond 
the reach or power. Locke. 

UN-AT-TaINT'ED, a. Not attainted ; not corrupted. 

IJNAT-TEM'PERED, a. Not tempered by mixture. 

UN-AT-TEMPT'ED, a. Not attempted ; not tried ; not es- 
sayed 

UN-AT-TEND'ED, a. 1. Not attended ; not accompanied ; 
having no retinue or attendance. 2. Forsaken. 3. Not 
medically attended ; not dressed. 

UN-AT-TEND'ING, a. Not attending or listening ; not be- 
ing attentive. 

UN-AT -TEN'TIVE, a. Not regarding ; inattentive. 

UN-AT-TEST'ED, a. Not attested ; having no attestation. 

UN-AT-TIR'ED, a. Not attired ; not adorned. 



UN-AT-TRA€T'ED, a. Not attracted ; not affected by al 
traction. 

UN-AUG-MENT'ED, a. Not augmented or increased ; in 
grammar, having no augment, or additional syllable. 

UN-AU-THEN'T1€, a. Not autuentic ; not genuine or true 

UN-AU-THEN'TI-€A-TED, a. Not authenticated; not 
made certain by authority. 

UN-AU'THOR-lZED, a. Not authorized ; not warranted by 
proper authority ; not duly commissioned. 

UN-A-VaIL'A-BLE, a. Not available; not having suffi 
cient power to produce the intended effect ; not effectual ; 
vain ; useless. 

UN-A-VaIL'A-BLE-NESS, n. Inefficacy ; uselessness. 

UN-A-VaIL'ING, a. Not having the effect desired ; inef 
fectual ; useless ; vain. 

UN-A-VENG'ED, a. 1. Not avenged ; not having obtained 
satisfaction. 2. Not punished. 

UN-A-VERT'ED, a. Not averted ; not turned away. 

UN-A-VOID'A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be made null or 
void. 2. Not avoidable ; not to be shunned ; inevitable. 
3. Not to be missed in ratiocination. 

UN-A-VOID'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being unavoid- 
able ; inevitableness. Glanville. 

UN-A-VOID'A-BLY, adv. Inevitably ; in a manner that 
prevents failure or escape. 

UN-A-VOID'ED, a. 1. Not avoided or shunned. 2. Inevi- 
table. 

UN-A-VOW'ED, a. Not avowed ; not acknowledged ; not 
owned ; not confessed. 

UN-A-WaK'ED, ) a. 1. Not awakened ; not roused 

UN-A-WaK'EN-ED, \ from sleep. 2. Not roused from 
spiritual slumber or stupidity. 

UN-A-WARE', a. Without thought ; inattentive. Swift. 

UN-A-WARE', or UN-A-WARES', adv. 1. Suddenly ; un- 
expectedly ; without previous preparation. 2. Without pre- 
meditated design. — M unawares, unexpectealy. Dryden. 

UN-AW'ED, a. Not awed ; not restrained by fear ; un- 
daunted. 

UN-BA€K'ED, a. 1. Not having been backed. 2. Not tam- 
ed ; not taught to bear a rider. 3. Unsupported ; left with- 
out aid. 

UN-BaK'ED, a. Not baked. 

UN-BAL'ANCED, a. 1. Not balanced ; not poised ; not in 
equipoise. 2. Not adjusted ; not settled ; not brought to 
an equality of debt and credit. 3. Net restrained by equal 
power. 

UN-BAL'LAST, v. i. To free from ballast ; to discharge the 
ballast from. Mar. Diet. 

UN-BAL'LAST-ED, a. 1. Freed from ballast. 2. a. Not 
furnished with ballast ; not kept steady by ballast or by 
weight ; unsteady. 

UN-BAND'ED, a. Stripped of a band ; having no band. 

UN-BAN'NERED, a. Having no banner. Pollok. 

UN-BAP-TlZ'ED, a. Not baptized. Hooker. 

UN-BAR', V. t. To remove a bar or bars from ; to unfasten ; 
to open ; as, to unbar a gate. 

tUN-BARB'ED, a. Not shaven. Shak. 

UN-BARK'ED, a. Stripped of its bark. Bacon. 

UN-BAR'RED, pp. Having its bars removed ; unfE^tened. 

UN-BAR'RING, -ppr. Removing the bars from ; unfastening. 

UN-BASH'FUL, a. Not bashful ; bold ; impudent. 

t UN-BaT'ED, a. Not repressed ; not blunted. 

UN-BaTH'ED, a. Not bathed ; not wet. Dryden. 

UN-BAT'TERED, a. Not battered ; not bruised. 

t UN-BaY', v. t. To open ; to free from the restraint of 
mounds. 

UN-BE ARD'ED, (un-berd'ed) a. [See *Beard.] Having no 
beard ; beardless. 

UN-BEaR'ING, a. Bearing or producing no fruit. Dryden. 

UN-BeAT'EN, a. 1. Not beaten ; not treated with blows. 
2. Untrod ; not beaten by the feet. 

UN-BEAu'TE-OUS, 1 a. Not beautiful ; having no beauty 

UN-BEAU'TI-FUL, j Hammond. 

t UN-BE-€6ME'," v. t. Not to become ; not to be suitable to 
to misbecome. Sherlock. 

UN-BE-€6M'ING, a. Unsuitable ; improper for the person 
or character : indecent ; indecorous. Dryden. 

UN-BE-€6M'ING-LY, adv. In an unsuitable manner ; in- 
decorously. Barrow. 

UN-BE-€6M'ING-NESS, n. Unsuitableness to the person, 
character or circumstances ; impropriety ; indecorousness 

UN-BED', V. t. To raise or rouse from bed. Walton. 

UN-BED'DED, pp. Raised from bed ; disturbed. 

UN-BED'DING, ppr. Raising from bed. 

UN-BE-FIT'TING, a. Not befitting ; unsuitable ; unbecom- 
ing. 

UN-BE-FRIEND'ED, (un-be-frend'ed) a. Not befriended ; 
not supported by friends ; having no friendly aid. 

UN-BE-GET', v.t. To deprive of existence. Dryden. 

UN-BE-GOT', I a. 1. Not generated; eternal. 2. Not 

UN-BE-GOT'TEN, \ yet generated. 3. Not begotten ; 
not generated. 

UN-BE-GUlLE', v. t. To undeceive ; to free from the influ 
ence of deceit. Donne. 



* See Synopsis 



K, T, O, tJ, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PlN, MARtNE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. 



UNB 



869 



UNB 



UN-BE-GUiL'ED, pp. Undeceived. 

UN-BE-GUN', a Not begun. Hooker. 

CjN BE-HELD a. Not beheld, not seen ; not visible. 

7 UN-Be'ING, z. Not existing. Brown. 

UN-BE-LIeF , n. Sax. ungeleafa.] 1. Incredulity ; the 
withholding of belief. 2. Infidelity ; disbelief of divine 
revelation. — 3. In the JsTew Testament, disbelief of the 
truth of tne gospe... Matt. xiii. 4. Weak faith. Mark ix. 

UN-BE-LIeVE', v. t. 1. To discredit ; not to believe or 
trust. 2._Not to think real or true. 

UN-BE-LIeV'ED, pp. Not believed ; discredited. 

LTN-BE-LIeV'ER, n. 1. An incredulous person ; one vi^ho 
does not believe. 2. An infidel j one who discredits rev- 
elation. 

UN-BE-LlEV'ING, a. 1. Not believing ; incredulous. 2. 
Infidel ; discrediting divine revelation. 

UN-BE-LoV'ED, a. Not loved. Dryden. 

UN-BE- MoAN'ED, a. Not lamented. Pollok. 

UN-BEND', V. t. 1. To free from flexure ; to make straight. 
2. To relax ; to remit from a strain or from exertion ; to 
set at ease for a time. 3. To relax effeminately.— 4. In 
seamanship, to take the sails from their yards and stays ; 
also, to cast loose a cable from the anchors ; also, to untie 
one rope from another. 

UN-BEND'ING, ppr. 1. Relaxing from any strain ; remit- 
ting; taking from their yards, &c., as sails. 2. a. Not 
suffering flexure. 3. Unyielding ; resolute ; inflexible. 
4. Unyielding ; inflexible ; firm. 5. Devoted to relax- 
ation. 

UN-BEN'E-FiCED, a. Not enjoying or having a benefice. 

UN-BE-NEV'0-LENT, a. Not benevolent ; not kind. 

UN-BE-NlGHT'ED, a. Never visited by darkness. 

UN-BE-NIGN', (un-be-nlne') a. Not benign ; not favorable 
or propitious ; malignant. Milton. 

UN-BENT , pp. of unbend. 1. Relaxed ; remitted ; relieved 
from strain or exertion. — 2. In seamen^s language, taken 
from the yards ; loosed. 3. Not strained ; unstrung. 4. 
Not crushed ; not subdued. 

UN-PE-aUEATH'ED, a Not bequeathed ; not given by 
legacy. 

UN-BE-SEEM'ING, a. Unbecoming ; not befitting ; unsuit- 
able. 

UN-BE-SOUGHT', (un-be-sawf) a. Not besought ; not 
sought by petition or entreaty. Milton. 

UN-BE-SPoK'EN, a. Not bespoken, or ordered beforehand. 

UN-BE-STAR'RED, a. Not adorned or distinguished by 
stars. Pollok. 

UN-BE-SToW'ED, a. Not bestowed ; net given ; not dis- 
posed of. 

UN-BE-TRaY'ED, a. Not betrayed. Daniel. 

UN-BE-WaIL'ED, a. Not bewailed ; not lamented. 

UN-BE-WITCH', V. t. To free from fascination. South. 

UN-Bl'AS, V. t. To free from bias or prejudice. Swift. 

UN -Bl'ASEB, pp. 1. Freed from prejudice or bias. 2. a. 
Free from any undue partiality or prejudice ; impartial. 

UN-Bl'AS-ED-LY, adv. Without prejudice ; impartially. 

UN-BI'AS-ED-NESS, n. Freedom from bias or prejudice. 

UN-BID', ) a. 1. Not bid ; not commanded. 2. Spon- 

UN-BID'DEN, \ taneous. 3. Uninvited ; not requested 
to attend. 

UN-BIG'OT-ED, a. Free from bigotry. Addison. 

UN-BiND', V. t. To untie ; to remove a band from ; to un- 
fasten ; to loose ; to set free from shackles. 

UN-BISH'OP, V. t. To deprive of episcopal orders. 

UN-BIT', a. Not bitten. Young. 

UN-BIT', V. t. 1. In seaviayisMp, to remove the turns of a 
cable from off the bitts. Mar. Diet. 2. To unbridle. 

UN-BIT'TED, pp. Removed from the bitts ; unbridled. 

UN-BIT'TING, ppr. Unbridling ; removing from the bitts. 

UN-BLaM'A-BLE, a. Not blamable ; not culpable. 

UN-BLaM'A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being chargeable with 
no blame or fault. More. 

UN-BLaM'A-BLY, adv. In such a manner as to incur no 
blame. 1 Thess. ii. 

UN-BLaM'ED, a. Not blamed ; free from censure. 

UN-BLAST'ED, a. Not blasted ; not made to wither. 

UN-BLEED'ING, a. Not bleeding ; not suffering Joss of 
blood. Byron. 

UN-BLEM"'ISH-A-BLE, a. Not capable of being blem- 
ished. 

UN-BLEM'ISHED, a. 1. Not blemished ; not stained ; free 
from turpitude or reproach. 2. Free from deformity. 

UN-BLENCH'ED, a. Not disgraced ; not injured by any 
stain or soil. Milton. 

UN-BLENCH'ING, a. Not shrinking or flinching ; firm. 

UN-BLEND'ED. a. Not blended ; not mingled. 

UN-BLEST', a. 1. Not blest; excluded from benediction. 
Bacon. 2. Wretched ; unhappy. Prior. 

UN-BLTGHT'ED, a. Not blighted ; not blasted. Cowper. 

UN-BLlND'ED, a. Not blinded. 

UN-BL60D'ED, a. Not stained with blood. Shak. 

UN-BL60D'Y, a. 1. Not stained with blood. 2. Not shed- 
ding blood ; not cruel. Dryden. 

UN-BLOS'SOM-ING, a. Not producing blossoms. Mason. 



UN-ELCWN', a. 1. Not blown ; not having the bud expand 
ed. 2, Not extinguished. 3. Not inflated with wind. 

UN-BLUNT'ED, a. Not made obtuse or dull ; not blunted 
Cowley. 

UN-BLUSH'ING, a. Not blushing ; destitute of shame j im 
pudent. Thomson. 

UN-BLUSH'ING-LY, adv. In an impudent manner. 

UN-BoAST'FUL, a. Not boasting ; unassuming ; modest. 

UN-BOD'IED, a. 1. Having no material body ; incorporeal 

2. Freed from the body. Spenser. 
UN-BOIL'ED, a. Not boiled ; as, unboiled rice. Bacon. 
UN-BoLT', V. t. To remove a bolt from ; to unfasten ; to 

open. Shak. 

UN-BoLT'ED, a. 1. Freed from fastening by bolts. 2. Un- 
sifted ; not bolted ; not having the bran or coarse part 
separated by a bolter. 

UN-B6N'NET-ED, a. Having no bonnet on. Shak. 

UN-BOOK'ISH, a. 1. Not addicted to books or reading. 2. 
Not cultivated by erudition. Shak. 

UN~BORN ' i "'^ ^^^ ^^^ ' "''^ ^™"g^^ ^^^'^ ^^^^ 5 future. 

UN-BOR'RoWED, a. Not borrowed ; genuine ; original , 
native ; one's own. 

UN-Bc3S'0M, V. t. 1. To disclose freely one's secret opin 
ions or feelings. Milton. 2. To reveal in confidence. 

UN-BOS'OMED,p;j. Disclosed, as secrets ; revealed in con 
fidence. 

UN-BOS'OM-ING, ppr. Disclosing, as secrets ; revealing in 
confidence. 

UN-BOT'TOMED, a. 1. Having no bottom ; bottomless. 9 
Having no solid foundation. Hammond. 

UN-BOUGHT', (un-bawf) a. 1. Not bought ; obtained with- 
out money or purchase. 2. Not having a purchaser. 

UN-BOUND', a. 1. Not bound ; loose ; wanting a cover. 2. 
Not bound by obligation or covenant. 3. iiret. oi unbind. 

UN-BOUND'ED, a. 1. Having no bound or limit; unlimit- 
ed in extent ; infinite ; interminable. 2. Having no check 
or control ; unrestrained. 

UN-BOUND'ED-LY, adv. Without bounds or limits. 

UN-BOUND'ED-NESS, n. Freedom from bounds. 

UN-BOUN'TE-OUS, a. Not bounteous ; not liberal 

UN-BOW', V. t. To unbend. Fuller. 

UN-BOW'ED, a. Not bent ; not arched. Shak. 

UN-BOW'EL, V. t. To deprive of the entrails ; to exenter- 
ate ; to eviscerate. Decay of Piety. 

UN-BOW'ELED, pp. Eviscerated. 

UN-BOW'EL-ING, ppr. Taking out the bowels. 

UN-BRaCE', v. t. To loose ; to relax. 

UN-BRaID', v. t. To separate the strands of a braid ; to dis- 
entangle. 

UN-BRaID'ED, pp. Disentangled, as the strands of a braid 

UN-BRaID'ING, ppr. Separating the strands of a braid. 

UN-BRANGH'ED, a. Not ramified ; not shooting into 
branches. 

UN-BRANCH'ING, a. Not dividing into branches. 

UN-BREAST', (un-bresf) v. t. To disclose or lay open. 

UN-BRi?.ATH'ED, a. Not exercised. Shak. 

UN-BReATH'ING, a. Unanimated. Shak. 

UN-BREiy, a. 1. Not well bred ; not polished in manners , 
ill educated ; rude. 2. Not taught. 

UN-BREECH'ED, ft. Having no breeches. Shak. 

UN-BREW'ED, a. Not mixed ; pure ; genuine. Young. 

t UN-BRTB'A-BLE, a. That cannot be bribed. Feltham. 

UN-BRlB'ED, a. Not bribed ; not corrupted by money ; not 
unduly influenced by money or gifts. 

UN-BRT'DLE, v. t. To free from the bridle. 

UN-BRl'DLED,pp. 1. Loosed from the bridle. 2. a. Unre- 
strained ; licentious. 

UN-BRoKE', I a. 1. Not broken ; not violated. 2. Not 

UN-BRoK'EN, \ weakened ; not crushed ; not subdued. 

3. Not tamed ; not taught ; not accustomed to the saddle, 
harness or yoke. 

UN-BR6TH'ER-LY, a. Not becoming a brother ; not suita- 
ble to the character and relation of a brother; unkind. 
[Unbrotherlike is not used.] 

UN-BRUIS'ED, a. Not bruised ; not crushed or hurt. 

UN-BU€'KLE, v. t. To loose from buckles ; to unfasten. 

UN-BUe'KLED, pp. Loosed from buckles ; unfastened. 

UN-BUe'KLING, ppr. Loosing from buckles ; unfastening. 

UN-BUILD', I V. t. To demolish what is built ; to raze ; i9 

UN-BILD, \ destroy. Milton. 

UN-BUiLT , a. Not yet built ; not erected. 

UN-BUR 'lED, (un-ber'rid) a. Not buried ; not interred. 

UN-BURN'ED, ) a. 1. Not burnt ; not consumed by fire. 2. 

UN-BURNT', \ Not injured by fire ; not scorched. 3. 
Not baked, as brick. 

UN-BURN'ING, a. Not consuming away by fire. 

UN-BUR'THEN, or UN-BUR'DEN, v. t. 1. To rid of a 
load ; to free from a burden ; to ease. 2. To throw off. 
3. To relieve the mind or heart by disclosing what lies 
heavy on it. 

UN-BUR'THENED, or UN-BUR DENED, pp. Freed from 
a load ; thrown off; eased; relieved. 

UN-BUR'THEN-ING, or UN-BUR'DEN-ING, ppr. Free- 



* See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— -BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this f Obsnltte 



UNC 



870 



UNC 



lug from a load or burden j relieving from what is a 
burden. 

UN-BU'SIED, (un-biz'zid) a. Not busied; not employed: 
idle. 

UN-BUT'TON, V. t. To i>Dse from being fastened by but- 
tons ; to loose buttons. Shak. 

UN-BUT'TONED, pp. Loosed from buttons. Addison. 

UN-€aGE', v. t. To loose from a cage. 

UN-€a6'ED, pp. Released from a cage or from confine- 
ment. 

rjN-€AL'CINED, a. [See * Calcine.] Not calcined. Boyle. 

lJN-€AL'eU-LA-TED, a. Not subjected to calculation. 

i;N-€AL'eU-LA-TING, a. Not making calculations. 

UN-€ALL'EB, a. Not called ; not summoned ; not invited. 
—Uncalled for, not required ; not needed or demanded. 

T UN-€aLM', v. t. To disturb. Dryden. 

UN-€AN'CELED, a. Not canceled ; not erased. 

UN-€AN'DID, a. Not candid ; not frank or sincere ; not 
fair or impartial. 

lTN-€A-NON'I-eAL, a Not agreeable to the canons ; not 
acknowledged as authentic. Barrow. 

UN-€A-NON'I-€AL-NESS, n. The state of being uncanon- 
ical. 

UN-GAN'O-PIED, a. Not covered by a canopy. 

TJN-€AP', V. t. To remove a cap or cover ; to open. 

LTN-eA'PA-BLE, a. Incapable. 

UN-€AP'PED, pp. Opened. 

UN-CAP'TI-VA-TED, a. Not captivated. Rambler. 

UN-€aRED for, a. Not regarded ; not heeded. 

UN-€aR'NATE, a. Not fleshly. Broicn. 

JN-€aR 'PET-ED, a. Not covered with a carpet. 

JN-€aSE', v. t. 1. To disengage from a covering ; to take 
off or out. 2. To flay ; to strip. 

tJjN-€AS'ED, pp. Stripped of a covering or case. 

JN-€aS'ING, ppr. Disengaging from a cover. 

'JN-CAS'TRA-TED, a. Not castrated. 

JN-€AT'E-€HiSED, a. Not catechised ; untaught. Milton. 

JN-e AUGHT', (un-kawf) a. Not yet caught or taken. 

UN-€AUS'ED, a. Having no precedent cause ; existing 
without an author. 

UN-€AU'TIOUS, a. Not cautious ; not wary ; heedless. 

UN-CeAS'ING, a. Not ceasing ; not intermitting ; con- 
tinual. 

UN-CeAS'ING-LY, adv Without intermission or cessa- 
tion ; continually. 

L'X-CEL'E-BRA-TED, a. Not celebrated ; not solemnized. 

rJN-CE-LES'TIAL, a. Not hea.vei\\y. Feltham. 

UN-CEN'SU-RA-BLE, a. Not worthy of censure. Dicight. 

UN-CEN'SURED, (un-sen'shurd) a. Not censured ; exempt 
from blame or reproach. Pope. 

UN-CEN'TRI-CAL, a. Not central ; distant from the centre. 

UN-CER-E-MoNI-AL, a. Not ceremonial. 

UN-CER-E-MO'NI-OUS, a. Not ceremonious ; not formal. 

UN-CER'TAIN, a. 1. Not certain ; doubtful ; not certainly 
known. 2, Doubtful ; not having certain knowledge. 

3. Not sure in the consequence. 4. Not sure ; not exact. 
5. Unsettled ; irregular. 

t UN-CER'TAINED, a. Made uncertain. Raleigh. 
UN-CER'TAIN-LY, adv. 1. Not surely ; not certainly. 2. 

Not confidently. Locke. 
UN-CRR'T^.* N-TY, n. 1. Doubtfulness ; dubiousness. 2. 

Want of ce'rtainty ; want of precision. 3. Contingency. 

4. Something unknown. 
UN-CES'SANT, a. Continual ; incessant. 
,UN-CES'SANT-LY, adv. Incessantly. 
UN-CHaIN', v. t To free from chains or slavery. 
UN-CHaIN'ED, pp. Disengaged from chains, shackles or 

slavery. 

UN-CHAIN'INGjppr. Freeing from chains,bonds or restraint. 

UN-CHaN6E'A-BLE, a. Not capable of change.; immuta- 
ble ; not subject to variation. 

UN-CHaNGE'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of be- 
ing subject to no change ; immutability. JsTeioion. 

UN-CHaNGE'A-BLY, adv. Without change ; immutably. 

UN-CHaNG'ED, a. 1. Not changed or altered. 2. Not al- 
terable. 

UN-CHaN6'ING, a. Not changing ; suffering no alteration. 

UN-€HAR-Ae-TER-IS'TI€, a. Not characteristic ; not ex- 
hibiting a character. Gregory. 

t UN-CHXR6E', V. t. To relract an accusation. 

UN-CHaR6 ED, a. Not charged ; not loaded. Shak. 

UN-CHAR'IT A-BLE, a. Not charitable ; contrary to char- 
ity, or the universal love prescribed by Christianity. 

UN-CHAR IT-A-BLE-NESS, n. Want of charity. 

UN-CHAR'IT- A-BLY, adv. In a manner contrary to charity. 

UN-CHaRM'j v. t. To release from some charm, fascination, 
or secret power. Beaumont. 

UN-CHARM'ED, a. Not charme i ; not fascinated. 

UN-CHAR M'ING, a. Not charming. Drxjden. 

f UN-CHa'RY, a. Not wary ; not frugal. Shak. 

UN-CHASTE', a. Not chaste : not continent; not pure ; li- 
bidinous ; lewd. Milton . 

UN-CHASTE'LY, ndi\ Incontinently ; lewdly. Milton. 

UN-CHAS-TIS'A-BLE, a. That cannot be chastised. 



UN-CHAS-TiS'ED, a. 1. Not chastised ; not punished. 2 

Not corrected ; not restrained . 

UN-CHAS'TI-TY, n. Incontinence; lewdness; unlawful 
indulgence of the sexual appetite. Woodward. 

UN-CHECK'ED, a. 1. Not checked ; not restrained ; not 
hindered. 2. Not contradicted. Shak. 

UN-CHEER'FUL, a. Not cheerful ; sad. Shak. 

UN-CHEER'FIJL-NESS, n. Want of cheerfulness ; sad- 
ness. 

UN-CHEER'Y, a. Dull ; not enlivenmg. Sterne. 

UN-CHEW'ED, a. Not chewed or masticated. Dryden. 

tUN-CHiLD', V. t. To bereave of children. Shak. 

UN-€HRIST'IAN, a. 1. Contrary to the laws of Christian- 
ity. 2. Not evangelized ; not converted to the Christian 
faith ; infidel. 

UN-€HRIST'IAN, v. t. To deprive of the constituent qual- 
ities of Christianity. South. 

UN-CHRIST lAN-iZE, v. t. To turn from the Christian 
faith ; to cause to degenerate from the belief and profes- 
sion of Christianity. 

Ux\-€HRTST'IAN-LY, a. Contrary to the laws of Christiani- 
ty ; unbecoming Christians. Milton. 

UN-€HRIST'IAN-LY, adv. In a manner contrary to Chris- 
tian principles. Bedell. 

UN-CHRIST'IAN-NESS, n. Contrariety to Christianity. 

UN-CHURCH', v. t. To expel from a church ; to deprive of 
the character and rights of a church. Milner. 

UN-CHURCH'ED, pp. Expelled from a church. 

UN-CHURCH'ING, ppr. Expelling from a church. 

UN'CIAL, a. [L. uncialis.] Pertaining to letters of a large 
size, used in ancient manuscripts. 

UN'CIAL, n. An uncial letter. 

UN'CI-NATE, a. [L. uncinatus.] In botany, hooked at the 
end. Martyn. _ 

UN-CiR'CUM-ClSED, a. Not circumcised. Scripture. 

UN-CtR-CUM-Cl'SION, n. Absence or want of circum- 
cision. 

UN-CiR-€UM-S€RlB'ED, a. Not cu-cumscribed ; not 
bounded; not limited. Addison. 

UN-ClR-€UM-SPEeT', a. Not circumspect ; not cautious. 

t UN-CiR-CUM-STAN'TlAL, a. Not important. Brown. 

UN-CIVIL, a. 1. Not civil; not complaisant; not cour- 
teous in manners. 2. Not polite ; rude. 

UN-CIV-IL-I-Za'TION, n. A state of savageness ; rude 

UN-CIV'IL-TZED, a. 1. Not reclaimed from savage life. 
2, Coarse ; indecent ; [obs.] Addison. 

UN-CIV'IL-LY, adv. Not complaisantly ; not courteouslv. 
UN-CLAD', a. Not clad ; not clothed 

UN-CLaIM'ED, a. Not claimed ; not demanded. 

UN-CLAR'I-FiED, a. Not purified; not fined; not depu- 
rated by a separation of feculent or foreign matter. 

UN-CLASP', r. t. To loose a clasp; to open what is fasten- 
ed with a clasp. Shak. 

UN-€LASP'ING, ppr. Loosing a clasp. 

UN-CLAS'SIC, ) a. 1. Not classic ; not according to 

UN-CLAS'SI-CAL, i the best models of writing. 2. Not 
pertaining to the classic writers. 

UN'CLE, n. [Fr. oncle ; contracted from L. avunculus.] 
The brother of one's father oi- mother. 

UN.CLEAN', a. 1. Not clean ; foul ; dirty ; filthy. 2. In 
the Jewish law, ceremonially impure. Lev. xi. 3. Foul 
with sin. Matt. x. 4. Not in covenant with God. 1 Cor 
vh. 5. Lewd ; unchaste. 

UN-CLeAN'A-BLE, a. That cannot be cleansed. 

UN-CLEAN'LI-NESS, (un-klen'le-nes) n. Want of clean- 
liness ; filthiness. Clarendon. 

UN-CLEAN'LY, (un-klen'ly) a. 1. Foul; filthy; dirty. 
Shak. 2. Indeeent ; unchaste ; obscene. 

UN-CLeAN'NESS, n. 1. Foulness ; dirtiness ; filthiness. 
2. Want of ritual or ceremonial purity. Lev. xv. 3. I\Ior- 
al impurity ; defilement by sin ; sinfulness. 4. Juewd 
ness ; incontinence. Col. iii. 

UN-CLEANS'ED, (un-klenzd') a. Not cleansed ; not puri- 
fied. 

UN-CLEW, V. t. To undo ; to unwind, unfold or untie. 

UN-CLINCH', v.t. Toopenthe closed hand. Garth. 

UN-CLINCH'ED, pp. Opened ; unclosed. 

UN-CLIP'PED, a. Not clipped ; not cut ; not diminished or 
shortened by clipping. 

UN-CLOG', V. t. To disencumber of difficulties and obstruc- 
tions ; to free from encumbrances or any thing that retards 
motion. 

UN-CLOG GED, pp. or a. Disencumbered ; set free from 
obstructions. 

UN-CLOGGING, ppr. Disencumbering. 

UN-CLOISTER, v. t. To release from a cloister or from 
confinement; to set at liberty. JVorns. 

UN-CLOIS'TERED, pp. Released from a cloister or from 
confinement. 

UN-CLOIS'TER-ING, ppr. Releasing from confinement 

UN-CLoSE', V. t. 1. To open ; to break the seal of. 2 
To disclose ; to lay open. 

UN-CLOS'ED, pp. 1. Opened. 2. a. Not separated by 



* See Syvopsis. A, E, I, O, V, 1% long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsoleis. 



UNO 



871 



UNC 



Enclosures; open. 3. Not finished; not concluded. 4. 
Not closed ; not sealed. 

'JN-€LoS'ING, ppr. Opening ; breaking the seal of. 

UN-CLoTHE', V. t. To strip of clothes ; to make naked ; 
to divest. Watts 

UN-€LoTH'ED, ;)|p. Stripped of clothing or covering. 

CJN-€LoTH'ED-LY, adt>. Without clothing. Bacon. 

UN-€LoTH'lNG, p;m-. Stripping of clothing. 

UN-CLOUD', V. t. To unvail ; to clear from obscurity or 
clouds. 

UN-€LOUD'ED, a. 1. Not cloudy ; free from clouds ; 
clear. 2. Not darkened ; not obscured. 

UN-€LOUD'ED-NESS, n. 1. Freedom from clouds ; clear- 
ness. 2. Freedom from obscurity or gloom. 

rN-€LOUD'ING, fpr. Clearing from clouds or obscurity. 

UN-CLOUD'Y, a. Not cloudy ; clear ; free from clouds, 
obscurity or gloom. Qay. 

UN-CLUTCH', V. t. To open something closely shut. 

UN-CO- AG 'U-LA-BLE, a. That cannot be coagulated. 
Quod. 

UN-CO-AG'U-LA-TED, a. Not coagulated or concreted. 

UN-CoAT'ED, a. Not coated ; not covered with a coat. 

UN-COCKED, a. 1. Not cocked, as a gun. 2, Not made 
into cocks, as hay. 3. Not set up, as the brim of a hat. 

UiV-COIF', V. t. To pull the cap off. Arbuthnot. 

UN-COIF'ED, a. Not w^earing a coif. Young: 

UN-COIL', V. t. To unwind or open, as the turns of a rope. 

UN-CO IL'ED,p2?. Opened; unwound. 

UN-eOI]\'ED, a. Not coined ; as, uncoined silver. 

UN-COL-LECT'ED, a. 1. Not collected ; not received. 
2. Not collected ; not recovered from confusion or wan- 
dering. 

UN-COL-LECT'I-BLE, a. Not collectible; that cannot be 
collected or levied, or paid by the debtor. 

UN-C6L'0RED, a. 1. Not colored ; not stained or dyed. 
2. N^t heightened in description. 

UN-CoMB'ED, a. Not combed; not dressed with a comb. 

UN-COM-BlN'A-BLE, a. Not capable of being combined. 

UN-COM-BlN'ED, a. Not combined ; separate ; simple. 

UN-CO ME'LI-NESS, n. Want of comeliness; want of 
beauty or grace. Locke, 

UN-C6ME'LY, a. 1. Not comely ; wanting grace. 2. Un- 
seemly ; unbecoming ; unsuitabl*. 

UN-C6M'FORT-A-BLE, a. ]. Affording no comfort; 
gloomy. 2. Giving uneasiness. 

UN-C6M'F0RT-A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Want of comfort or 
cheerfulness. Taylor. 2. Uneasiness. 

UN-C6M'F0E,T-A-BLY, adv. In an uncomfortable man- 
ner ; without comfort or cheerfulness. 

UN-COM-MAND'ED, a. Not commanded ; not required by 
precept, order or law. South. 

UN-COM-MEND'A-BLE, a. [See'* Commendable.] Not 
commendable ; not worthy of commendation ; illaudable. 

UN-COM-MEND'ED, a. Not praised ; not commended. 

UN-COM-MER'CIAL, a. Not commercial; not carrying on 
commerce. 

UN-COM-MIS'ER-A-TED, a. Not commiserated ; not 
pitied. 

UN-COM-MIS'SIONED, a. Not commissioned ; not having 
a commission. Tooke. 

FJN-COM-MIT'TED, a. Not committed. Hammond. 

UN-COM'MON, a. 1. Not common ; not usual ; rare. 2. 
Not frequent ; not often seen or known. 

UN-COM'MON-LY, adv. 1. Rarely; not usually. 2. To 
an uncommon degree. 

UN-COM'MON-NESS, n. Rareness of occurrence; infre- 
quency. 

UN-COM-MU'NI-CA-TED, a. 1. Not communicated ; not 
disclosed or delivered to others. 2. Not imparted to or 
from another. 

UN-COM-MU'NI-CA-TiVE, a. Not communicative ; not 
free to communicate to others ; reserved. 

UN-COM-PACT', a. Not compact; not firm; not of close 
texture; loose. .Addison. 

UN-COM-PACT'ED, a. Not compact ; not firm. Johnson. 

UN-CoM'PA-NIED, a. Having no companion. Fairfax. 

UN-COM-PAS'SION-ATE, a. Not compassionate. 

UN-CO.\T-PAS'SIONED, a. Not pitied. 

UN-COM-PELL'A-BLE, a. Not compellable; that cannot 
be forced or compelled. Feltham. 

UN-COM-PELL'ED, a. Not forced ; free from compulsion. ■ 

UN-COM'PEN-SA-TED, a. [See*CoMPENSATE.] Not com- 
pensated ; unrewarded. 

UN-COM-PLaIN'ING, a. Not complaining ; not murmur- 
ing ; not disposed to murmur. 

UN-COM'PLAI-SANT, a. Not complaisant ; not civil ; not 
cour.eous. Locke. 

UN-COM'PLAI-SANT-LY, adv. Uncivilly ; discourteously. 

UN-COM-PLeTE , a. Not complete ; not finished. 

UN-COM-PLeT'ED, a. Not finished ; not completed. 

UN-COM-PL^'ING, a. Not complying ; not yielding to re- 
quest or command ; unbending, > 

UN-COM-POUND'ED, a. 1 . Not compounded ; not mixed. 
2. Simple ; not intricate. 



UN-eOM-POUND'ED-NESS, n. Freedom from mixture; 

simplicity of substance. Hammond. 

UN-COM-PRE-HEN'SIVE, a 1 Not comprehensive. 2 
Unable to comprehend. South. 

UN-COM-PRESS'ED, a. Not compressed ; free from com- 
pression. Boyle. 

UN-COM'PRO-MiS-ING, a. Not compromising ; not agree- 
ing to terms ; not complying. Revieio. 

UN-CON-CEIV'A-BLE, a. Not to be conceived or under- 
stood ; that cannot be comprehended. Locke. 

UN-CON-CeIV'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of 
being inconceivable. {Little -tused.'] Locke. 

UN-CON-CeIV'ED, a. Not thought ; not imagined. Creech 

UN-CON-CEPiN', n. Want of concern ; absence of anxiety j 
freedom from solicitude. Swift. 

UN-CON-CERN'ED, a. I. Not concerned; not anxious; 
feeling no solicitude. 2. Having no interest in. 

UN-CON-CERN ED-LY, adv. Without interest or affection ; 
without anxiety. Dryden 

UN-CON-CERN'ED-NESS, n. Freedom from concern or 
anxiety. South. 

tUN-CON-CERN'ING, a. Not interesting ; not affecting ; 
not belonging to one. Addison. 

t UN-CON-CERN'MENT, n. The state of having no share. 

UN-CON-CIL'I-A-TED, a. Not reconciled. 

UN-CON-CIL'I-A-TING, a. Not conciliating ; not adapted 
or disposed to gain favor, or to reconciliation. 

f UN-CON-CLtJD'I-BLE, a. Not determinable. More. 

UN-CON-CLtJD'ING, or UN-CON-CLuD'ENT, a. Not de- 
cisive ; not inferring a plain or certain conclusion. [L. zt.] 

t UN-CON-CLtJD'ING-NESS, n. Quality of being incon- 
clusive. Boyle. 

t UN-CON-CLU SIVE, a. Not decisive. Hammond. 

UN-CON-COCT'ED, a. Not concocted; not digested. 
Brown. 

UN-CON-DEM'NED, a. 1. Not condemned ; not judged 
guilty. 2. Not disapproved ; not pronounced criminal. 

UN-CON-DENS'A-BLE, a. That cannot be condensed. 

UN-CON-DENS'ED, a. Not condensed. 

UN-CON-Dl"TION-AL, a. Absolute; unreserved; not 
limited by any conditions. Dryden. 

UN-CON-Dl"TION-AL-LY, adv. Without conditions; 
without terms of limitation ; without reservation. 

UN-CON-Du'CING, a. Not leading to. Phillips. 

UN-CON-DUCT'ED, a. Not led ; not guided. Barrow. 

UN-CON-FESS'ED, a. Not confessed ; not acknowledged. 

UN-CON -Fl]^' A -BLE, a. 1. Unbounded; [obs.] Shak 
2. That cannot be confined or restrained. Thomson. 

UN-CON-FIN'ED, a. L Not confined; free from re- 
straint ; free from control. 2. Having no limits ; un 
bounded. 

UN-CON-FlN'£D-LY, adv. Without confinement. Bar- 
rou\ 

UN-CON-FiRM'ED, a. 1. Not fortified by resolution ; 
weak ; raw. 2. Not confirmed ; not strengthened by ad- 
ditional testimony. 3. Not confirmed according to the 
church ritual. 

t UN-CON-FORM', a. Unlike ; dissimilar ; not analogous. 

UN-CON-FORM'A-BLE, a. Not consistent ; not agreeable ; 
not conforming. Watts. 

UN-CON-FORM'I-TY, n. Incongruity ; inconsistency ; 
want of conformity. South. 

UN-CON-FuS'ED, a. 1. Free from confusion or disorder. 
Locke. 2. Not embarrassed . 

UN-CON-FtFS'ED-LY, adv. Without confusion. Locke. 

UN-CON-FtJT'A-BLE, a. Not confutable ; not to be refut- 
ed or overthrown ; that cannot be disproved or convicted 
of error. 

UN-CON-GeAL'A-BLE, a. Not capable of being con- 
gealed. 

UN-CON-(jEAL'ED, a. Not frozen ; not congealed ; not 
concreted. Brown. 

UN-CON-Ge'NI-AL, a. Not congenial. 

UN-CON'JU-GAL, a. Not suitable to matrimonial faith; 
not befitting a wife or husband. Milton. 

UN-CON- JUNC'TIVE, a. That cannot be joined. [L. u 1 

UN-CON-NECT'ED, a. 1. Not connected; not united; 
separate. 2. Not coherent ; not joined by proper trans- 
itions or dependence of parts ; loose ; vague ; desultory. 

UN-CON-NlV'ING, a. Not conniving ; not overlooking or 
winking at. Milton. 

UN-CON'aUER-A-BLE, a. 1. Not conquerable; invinci- 
ble ; that cannot be vanquished or defeated ; that cannot 
be overcome in contest. 2. That cannot be subdued and 
brought under control. 

UN-CON'aUER-A-BLY, adv. Invincibly ; insuperably. 

UN-CON'aUERED, a. 1. Not vanquished or defeated. 2. 
Unsubdued ; not brought under control. 3. Invincible , 
insuperable. 

UN-CON-SGI-EN'TIOUS, a. Not conscientious ; not regu- 
lated or limited by conscience. Kent. 

UN-CON'SCION-A-BLE, a. 1. Unreasonable; exceeding 
the limits of any reasonable claim or expectation. 2 
Forming unreasonable expectations. 3. Enormous ; 



' See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK. D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in «Aw \ Obsolete . 



UNC 



872 



UNC 



vast ; 'not elegant.] 4. Not guided or influenced by con- 
science. 

UN-€ON'SCION-A-BLE-NESS, n. tTnreasonableness of 
hope or claim. 

UN-€ON'SCION-A-BLY, adv. Unreasonably ; in a manner 
or degree that conscience and reason do not justify. 

UN-€ON'SCIOUS, a. 1. Not conscious ; having no mental 
perception. 2. Not conscious ; not knowing ; not perceiv- 
ing. 

UN-€ON'SCIOUS-LY, adv. Without perception ; without 
knowledge. 

UN-€ON'SCIOUS-NESS, n. Want of perception 3 want of 
knowledge. 

t UN-€ON'SE-eRATE, v. t. To render not sacred ; to dese- 
crate South. 

UN-€ON'SE-€RA-TED, a. Not consecrated ; not set apart 
for a sacred use by religious ceremonies ; not dedicated or 
devoted. 

UN-€Oi\-SENT'ED to. Not consented to ; not yielded ; 
not agreed to. Wake. 

UN-€ON-SENT'ING, a. Not consenting ; not yielding con- 
sent. 

UN-€ON-SID'ERED, a. Not considered ; not attended to. 

UN-eON-SoL'ED, a. Not consoled 5 not comforted. 

UN-€ON-SOL'I-DA-TED, a. Not consolidated or made 
solid. 

UN-€ON-SoL'ING, a. Not consoling ; affording no comfort. 

trN-€ON'SO-NANT, a. Not consonant ; not consistent 5 in- 
congruous ; unfit. [Little used.] Hooker. 

t UN-€ON-SPlRING-NESS, n. Absence of plot or conspir- 
acy. Boyle. 

UN-€ON'STANT, a. Not constant ; not steady or faithful ; 
fickle ; changeable. Shak. 

UN-€ON-STI-Tu'TION-AL, a. Not agreeable to the con- 
stitution j not authorized by the constitution 5 contrary to 
the principles of the constitution. 

UN-eON-STI-TU-TION-AL'I-TY, 71. The quality of being 
unauthorized by the constitution, or contrary to its pro- 
visions or principles. 

UN-€ON-STI-TU'TION-AL-LY, adv. In a manner not 
warranted by or contrary to the constitution. 

UN-€ON-STRaIN'ED, a. 1. Free from constraint ; acting 
voluntarily ; voluntary. 2. Not proceeding from con- 
straint ; as actions. 

UN-€ON-STRa1N'ED-LY, adv. Without force or con- 
straint ; freely ; spontaneously ; voluntarily. South. 

UN-€ON-STRaINT', 71. Freedom from constraint ; ease. 

UN-€0N-SULT'ING, a. Taking no advice ; rash ; impru- 
dent. Sidney-. 

UN-€ON-SuM'ED, a. Not consumed ; not wasted, expend- 
ed or dissipated; not destroyed. Milton. 

UN-eON-SUM'MATE, a. Not consummated. Dryden. 

UN-€ON-TEM'NED, a. Not despised; not contemned. 

UN-€ON-TEND'ED for. Not contended for ; not urged for. 

(JN-€ON-TENDTNG, a. Not contending ; not contesting. 

UN-€ON-TENT'ED, a. Not contented ; not satisfied, 

f- UN-€ON-TEiNT'ING-NESS, n. Want of power to satisfy. 

UN-€ON-TEST'A-BLE, a. Indisputable ; not to be con- 
troverted. 

UN-€ON-TEST'ED, a. ]. Not contested; not disputed. 
2. Evident ; plain. Blackmore. 

UN-€ON-TRA-DI€T'ED, a. Not contradicted ; not denied. 

UN-€ON'TRlTE, a. Not contrite ; not penitent. 

UN-€ON-TRlV'ED, a. Not contrived ; not formed by de- 
sign. Dwirrht. 

tJN-€ON-TR£V'ING, a. Not contriving ; improvident. 

UN-€ON-TRoLL'A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be controll- 
ed; ungovernable; that cannot be restrained. 2. That 
cannot be resisted or diverted. 3. Indisputable ; irrefra- 
gable. 

UN-€ON-TRoLL'A-BLY, adv. 1. Without power of op- 
position. 2. In a manner or degree that admits of no re- 
straint or resistance. 

UN-eON-TRoLL ED, a. I. Not governed ; not subjected 
to a superior power or authority ; not restrained. 2. Not 
resisted ; unopposed. 3. Not convinced ; not refuted. 

UN-€ON-TRoLL'ED-LY, adv. Without control or re- 
straint ; without effectual opposition. Decay of Piety. 

lJN-€ON'TRO-VERT-ED, a. Not disputed ; not contested; 
not liable to be called in question. Olanville. 

UN-€ON-YERS'A-BLE, a. 1. Not free in conversation; 
no: social ; reserved. 2. Not suited to conversation. 

ITN-€0N'VER-SANT, a. Not conversant; not familiarly 
acquainted with. Mitford. 

CrN-€ON-VERT'ED, a. 1. Not converted ; not changed in 
opinion ; not turned from one faith to another. 2. Not 
persuaded of the truth of the Christian religion. 3. Not 
renewed ; not regenerated. 4. Not turned or changed 
from one form to another. 

UN-€ON-VERT'I-BLE, a. That cannot be converted or 
changed in form. 

lJN-€ON-VIN'CED, a. Not convinced ; not persuaded. 

UN-€ORD', V. t. To loose from cords ; to unfasten or un- 
bind. 



UN-€ORK', V. t. 'To draw the cork from 

UN-€ORK'ED, pp. Having the cork drawn 

UN-€ORK'ING, ppr. Drawing the cork from. 

UN-€OR'0-NET-ED, a. Not honored with a coronet 

UN-€OR'PU-LENT, a. Not corpulent ; not fleshy. Pollttk 

UN-€OR-RE€T'ED, a. 1. Not corrected; not revised 
not rendered exact. 2. Not reformed; not amended. 

UN-€OR'Rr -GI-BLE, a. That cannot be corrected ; deprav 
ed beyond correction. 

UN-€OR-RUPT', a. Not corrupt ; not depraved ; not per- 
verted ; not tainted with wickedness ; not influenced by 
iniquitous interest. 

UN-€OR-RUPT'ED, a. Not corrupted ; not vitiated ; net 
depraved. Dryden. 

UN-€OR-RUPT'ED-NESS, n. State of being uncorrupted. 

UN-€OR-RUPT'I-BLE, a. That cannot be corrupted. 

UN-eOR-RUPT'LY, adv. With integrity ; honestly. 

UN-€OR-RUPT'NESS, n. Integrity ; uprightness. 

UN-€OUN'SEL-A-BLE, a. Not to be advised ; not consist- 
ent with good advice or prudence. Clarendon. 

UN-€OUNT'A-BLE, a. That cannot be counted. 

ITN-€0UNT'ED, a. Not counted ; no' numbered. Shak. 

UN-€OUN'TER-FElT, a. Not counterfeit; not spurious; 
genuine. Sprat. 

UN-€OUN-TER-MXND'ED, a. Not countermanded. 

UN-€6UP'LE, (un-kup'pl) v. t. To loose dogs from their 
couples ; to set loose ; to disjoin. Dryden. 

UN-€6UP'LED, (un-kup'pld) pp. Disjoined; set free. 

UN-€6UP'LING, ppr. Disuniting ; setting free. 

mV-eoURT'E-OUS, (un-kurt'e-us) a. [See * Courteous.] 
Uncivil ; unpolite ; not kind and complaisant. Sidney. 

UN-€6URT'E-0US-LY, adv. Uncivilly ; unpolitely. 

UN-€6URT'E-OUS-NESS, n. IncivUity ; disobliging treat- 
ment. 

UN-€oURT'LI-NESS, n. Unsuitableness of manners to a 
court ; inelegance. .Bddison. 

UN-CoURT'LY, a. I. Inelegant of manners ; not becom- 
ing a court ; not refined ; unpolite. 2. Not courteous or 
civil. 3. Not versed in the manners of a court. 

UN-€oUTH', a. [Sax. wicuth.] Odd ; strange ; unusual ; 
not rendered pleasing by familiarity. 

UN-€(3UTH'LY, ado. Oddly; strangely. Dryden. 

UN-€(3UTH'NESS, n. Oddness ; strangeness; want of 
agreeableness derived from familiarity. 

UN-Co V'E-NANT-ED, a. Not promised by covenant; not 
resting on a covenant or promise. S. Miller. 

UN-€6V'ER, V. t. 1. To divest of a cover; to remove 
any covering from. 2. To deprive of clothes ; to strip ; 
to make naked. 3. To unroof, as a building. 4. To take 
off the hat or cap ; to bare the head. 5. To strip of a vail, 
or of any thing that conceals ; to lay open ; to disclose to 
view. 

UN-Co V'ERED, pp. Divested of a covering or of clothing ; 
laid open to view ; made bare. 

UN-C6V'ER-ING, ppr. Divesting of a cover or of clothes; 
stripping of a vail ; laying open to view. 

UN-€RE-aTE', v. t. To annihilate ; to deprive of exist- 
ence. Milton. 

UN-€RE-aT'ED, pp. 1. Reduced to nothing; deprived of 
existence. 2. a. Not yet created. 3. Not produced by 
creation. 

UN-€RED'I-BLE, a. Not to be believed ; not entitled to 
credit. 

UN-CRED'IT-A-BLEj a. 1. Not in good credit or reputa- 
tion ; not reputable. 2. Not for the credit or reputa- 
tion. 

UN-CRED'IT-A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Want of reputation 
2. The quality of being disreputable. 

UN-CRED'IT-ED, a. Not believed. Warner. 

UN-€RIT'I-CAL, a. 1. Not critical. 2. Not according to 
the just rules of criticism. M. Stuart. 

UN-CROP'PED, a. Not cropped ; not gathered. Milton. 

UN-CROSS'ED, a. 1. Not crossed ; not canceled. Shak. 2. 
Not thwarted ; not opposed. 

UN-CROWD'ED, a. Not crowded ; not compressed ; not 
straitened for want of room. 

UN-CROWN', V. t. 1. To deprive of a crown; to dethrone. 
2. To pull off the crown. Dryden. 

UN-CROWN'ED, pp. 1. Deprived of a crown. 2. a. Not 
crowned ; having no crown. 

UN-CROWN'ING, ppr. Depriving of a crown. 

UN-CRYS'TAL-lZ-A-BLE, a Not susceptible of crystali- 
zation. Ure. 

UN-CRYS'TAL-TZED, a. Not crystalized. 

UNCTION, n. [Fr. onction ; L. unctio.] 1. The act of 
anointing, 2. Unguent ; ointment. Dryden. 3 The act 
of anointing medically. 4. Any thing softening or leni- 
tive. Shak. 5. That which excites piety and devotion. 
Johnson. 6. Richness of gracious affections. 7. Divine 
or sanctifying grace. I John i. — Extreme unction, the rite 
of anointing in the last hours ; or the apphcation of sacred 
oil to the parts where the five senses reside. 

UNCT-U-OS'I-TY, «. Oiliness; fatness; the quality of be- 
ing greasy. Brown. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FKR F^LL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ; 



t Obsolete 



UND 



b?: 



UND 



0N€TU-OUS, a. 1. Fat j oily 5 greasy. Dryden. 2. Hav- 
ing a resemblance to oil. 

trN€T'U-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Fatness , oiliness. 2. The 
quality of resembling oil. 

UN-€U€K 'OLD-ED, a. Not made a cuckold. Shalt. 

riN-eULL'ED, a. 1. Not gathered. 2. Not separated j 
not selected. 

IJN-€UL'PA-BLE, a. Notblamable; not faulty. Hooker. 

f UN-€ULT', a. [un, and L. cultus.] Uncultivated ; rude ; 
illiterate. Ch. Relig. Appeal. 

I/N-€UL'TI-VA-BLE, a. Not capable of being cultivated. 

L»N-€UL'TI-VA-TED, a. 1. Not cultivated ; not tilled; not 
used in tillage. 9. Not instructed ; not civilized ; rude ; 
rough in manners. 

irN-eUM'BERED, a. Not burdened; not embarrassed. 

UN-€uR'A-BLE, a. Incurable. [ The latter is mostly used.l 

UN-€dR A-BLY, adv. Incurably. 

\ UN-€URB'A-BLE, a. That cannot be curbed or checked. 

(JN-€URB'ED, a. Not curbed ; not restrained ; licentious. 

CrN-€URL', V. t. To loose from ringlets. Dryden. 

rJN-eURL', V. i. To fall from a curled state, as ringlets ; to 
become straight. Shak. 

UN-€URL'ED, pp. 1. Loosed from ringlets. 2. a. Not 
curlr-^ ; not formed into ringlets. 

UN-CURL'ING, ppr. Loosing from ringlets. 

UN-€lTR'RENTj a. Not current ; not passing in common 
payment. Shak. 

t UN-€URSE , (un-curs') v. t. To free from any execration. 

[JN-€URS'ED, ) a. Not cursed ; not execrated, King 

UN-eURST', \ Charles. 

UN-€UR-TaIL'ED, a. Not curtailed ; not shortened. 

LrN-€US TOM-A-RY, a. Not customary; not usual. 
Dwight. 

UN-€US'TOMED, a. 1. Not subjected to customs or duty. 
2. That has not paid duty, or been charged with customs. 

UN-€UT', a. Not cut ; as, trees uncut. Waller. 

UN-DAM', V. t. To free from a dam, mound or obstruction. 

UN-DAM'A6ED, a. Not damaged ; not made worse. 

UN-DAMP ED, a. Not damped ; not depressed. 

UN-DaN'6ER-OUS, a. Not dangerous. Thmson. 

UN-DaRK'ENED, a. Not darkened or obscured. 

UN'DA-TED, a. [L, undatus, unda.] Waved ; rising and 
falling in waves towards the margin, as a leaf. 

UN-DaT'ED, a. Not dated ; having no date. 

UN-DA UNT'A-BI-E, a. Not to be daunted. Harmar. 

UN-DAUNT'ED, a. Not daunted ; not subdued or depress- 
ed by fear ; intrepid. Dryden. 

UN-DaUNT'ED-LY, adv. Boldly ; intrepidly. South. 

UN-DAUNT'ED-NESS, 71. Boldness ; fearless bravery. 

UN-DAWN'ING, a. Not yet dawning ; not growing light ; 
not opening with brightness. Coicper. 

UN-DAZ'ZLED, a. Not dazzled ; not confused by splendor. 
.Milton. Boyle. 

t UN-DEAF', v. t. To free from deafness. 

UN-DE-BaS'ED, a. Not debased ; not adulterated. Shak. 

UN-DE-BAUCH'ED, a. Not debauched ; not corrupted ; 
pure. Dryden. 

JN-DE€'A-GON, n. [L. undecim, and Gr. ywvia.] A fig- 
ure of eleven angles or sides. 

UN-DE-€aY'ED, a. Not decayed ; not impaired by age or 
accident ; being in full strength. Dryden. 

UN-DE-CaY'ING, a. 1. Not decaying ; not suffering dim- 
inution or decline. 2. Immortal. 

UN-DE-CeIV'A-BLE, a. That cannot be deceived; not 
subject to deception. Holder. 

UN-DE-CeIVE , V. t. To free from deception, cheat, falla- 
cy or mistake, whether caused by others or by ourselves. 

UN-DE-CeIV'ED, pp. \. Disabused of cheat, deception or 
fallacy. _2. Not deceived ; not misled or imposed on. 

UN-DE-CeIV'ING, ppr. Freeing from deception or fallacy. 

UN-De'CEN-CY, n. Unbecomingness ; indecency. 

UN-De'CENT, a. Not decent; indecent. 

UN-De'CENT-LY, adv. Indecently. 

UN-DE-CID'A-BLE, a. That cannot be decided. South. 

UN-DE-CiD'ED, a. Not decided ; not determined. 

UN-DE-Ci'PHER-A-BLE, a. That cannot be deciphered. 

UN-DE-C!'PHERED, a. Not deciphered or explained. 

UN-DE-Cl'SIVE, a. Not decisive ; not conclusive ; not de- 
termining the controversy or contest. Granville. 

UN-DEGK', v.t. To divest of ornaments. Shak. 

UN-DE€K'ED, pp. 1. Deprived of ornaments. 2 a Not 
decked ; not adorned. Milton. 

UN-DE-€LaR'ED, a. Not declared ; not avowed. 

UN-DE-€LlN'A-BLE, a. I. That cannot be declined. 2. 
Not to be avoided. Hacket. 

UN-DE-CLTN'ED, a. 1. Not deviating; not turned from 
the right wav. 2. Not varied in termination. 

UN-DE-€0M-P6S'A-BLE, a. Not admitting decomposition ; 
that cannot be_ decomposed. Chemistry. 

UN-DE-€OM-PoS'ED, a. Not decomposed ; not separated, 
as constituent particles. Ckemistrv. 

UN-DE-€OM-POUND'ED, a. Not decompounded. 

UN-DE€'0-RA-TED, a. Not adorned; not embellished; 
plain. Buckminster. 



UN-DED'I-€A-TED, a. 1. Not dedicated ; not conspcratcd 

2. Not inscribed to a patron. 

UN-DEED'ED, a. 1. Not signalized by any great action 
Shak. 2. Not transferred by deed ; [local.^ 

UN-DE-FaCE'A-BLE, a. That cannot be defaced. 

UN-DE-Fa'CED, a. Not deprived of its form ; not dis- 
figured. 

UN-DE-FeAS'I-BLE, a. Not defeasible. 

UN-DE-FEND'ED, a. 1. Not defended ; not protected. 2. 
Not vindicated. 3. Open to assault; being without 
works of defense. 

UN-DE-Fi'ED, a. Not set at defiance ; not challenged. 

UN-DE-FlL'ED, a. Not defiled ; not polluted ; not vitiated 

UN-DE-FlN'A-BLE, a. 1. Not definable ; not capable of 
being described or limited. 2. That cannot be described 
bv interpretation or definition. 

UN-DE-FlN'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being 
undefinable. E. T. Fitch. 

UN-DE-FlN'ED, a. I. Not defined ; not described by defi- 
nition or explanation. 2. Not having its limits described 

UN-DE-FLOUR'ED, a. Not debauched ; not vitiated. 

UN-DE-FORM'ED, a. Not deformed ; not disfigured. 

UN-DE-FRAUD'ED, a. Not defrauded. 

UN-DE-FRaY'ED, a. Not defraved ; not paid. 

UN-DE-GRAD'ED, a. Not degraued. 

UN-De'I-Fy, v. t. To reduce from the state of Deity. 

UN-DEL'E-GA-TED, a. Not delegated ; not deputed ; not 
granted. 

UN-DE-LIB'ER-A-TED, a. Not carefully considered. 

UN-DE-LIB'ER-A-TING, a. Not deliberating; not hesiti- 
ting ; hasty ; prompt. 

UN-DE-LlGHT'ED, a. Not delighted ; not well pleased. 

UN-DE-LlGHT'FUL, a. Not giving delight or great pleas- 
ure. 

UN-DE-LI V'ERED, a. Not deUvered ; not communica- 
ted. 

UN-DE-MAND'ED, a. Not demanded ; not required. 

UN-DE-MOL'ISHED, a. 1. Not demolished ; not pulled 
down. Swift. 2. Not destroyed. 

UN-DE-MON'STRA-BLE, a. 1. Not capable of fuller evi 
dence. Hooker. 2. Not capable o-^ demonstration. 

UN-DE-Nl'A-BLE, a. That cannot be denied. 

UN-DE-Nl'A-BLY, adv. So plainly as to admit no denial. 

UN-DE-PEND'ING, a. Not dependent. Milton. 

UN-DE-PLOR'ED, a. Not lamented. Dryden. 

UN-DE-PoS'A-BLE, a. That cannot be deposed from office 
Milton. 

UN-DE-PR A V'ED, rt. Not corrupted ; not vitiated. 

UN-DEP'RE-GA-TED, a. Not deprecated. 

UN-DE-PRe'CIA-TED, a. Not depreciated. Walsh. 

UN-DE-PRlV'ED, a. Not deprived ; not divested of by au- 
thority ; not stripped of any possession. 

UN'DER, prep. [Goth, undar ; Sax. under ; D. onder ; G. 
unter.] 1. Beneath ; below ; so as to have something over 
or above. 2. In a state of pupilage or subjection to. 3. 
In a less degree than. 4. For less than. 5. Less than ; 
below. 6. With the pretense of; with the cover or pre- 
text of. 7. With less than. 8. In a degree, state or rank 
inferior to. 9. In a state of being loaded ; in a state of 
bearing or being burdened. 10. In a state of oppression 
or subjection to, the state in which a person is considered 
as bearing or having any thing laid upon him. 11. In a 
state of liability or obligation. ]2. In the state of bearing 
and being known by. 13. In the state of; in the enjoy- 
ment or possession of. 14. During the time of. 15. Not 
having reached or arrived to ; below. 16. Represented 
by ; in the form of. 17. In the state of protection or de- 
fense. 18. As bearing a particular character. 19 Being 
contained or comprehended in. 20. Attested by; signed 
by. 21. In a state of being handled, treated or discussed, 
or of being the subject of. 22. In subordination to. 23 
In subjection or bondage to ; ruled or influenced by ; m a 
moral sense. Rom. iii. — Under a signature, bearing, as a 
name or title. — Under Kay, in seamen^s language, mov- 
ing ; in a condition to make progress To keep under, to 

hold in subjection or control ; to restrain. 

UN'DER, a. Lower in degree; subject; subordinate. — Un- 
der is much used in composition. 

UN-DER-A€'TION, n. Subordinate action ; action not 
essential to the main story. Dr^iden. 

UN-DER-a'6ENT, n. A subordinate agent. South 

UN-DER-BE aR', v.t. 1 . I'o support ; to endure. Shak. 2. 
To line ; to_guard ; [obs.'] Shak. 

UN-DER-BEaR'ER, n. In funerals, one who sustains the 
corpse. 

UN-DER-BID', V. t. To bid or oflTer less than another ; as in 
auctions, v/hen a contract or service is set up to the lowest 
bidder. 

UN'DER-BRED, a. Of inferior breeding or manners. 

UN'DER-BRUSH, n. Shrubs and small trees in a wooa or 
forest, growing under large trees. 

t UN-DER-BU^', V. t. To buy at less than a thing is worth. 

UN-DER-CHaM'BER-LAIN, n. A deputy chamberlain of 
the exchequer 



See Synapsis. MdVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— B^LL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z j CH as SH j TH as in this. >- Obsolete. 



UND 



874 



UND 



UN'JL»ER-eLERK, n. A clerk subordinate to the principal 
clerk. 

UN'DER-eROFT, n. A vault under the choir or chancel of 
a church ; also, a vault or secret walk under ground. 

UN-DER-€UR'RENT, n. A current below the surface of 
the water. Mar. Diet. 

UN-DER-DITCH', v. t. To form a deep ditch or trench lo 
drain the surface of land. 

UJN-DER-DC, v.i. 1. To act below one's abilities. B. Jon- 
son. 2. Tc do less than is requisite. O-rew. 

UW'DER-DOSE, n. A quantity less than a dose. 

UN-DER-DoSE', v. i. To take small doses. Cheyne. 

UN'DER-DRaIN, n. A drain or trench below the surface 
of the ground. 

UN-DER-DRAIN', v. t. To drain by cutting a deep channel 
below the surface. 

UN-DER-FA€'TION, n. A subordinate faction. 

UN-DER-FARM'ER, 71. A subordinate farmer. 

UN-DER-FEL'LoW, n. A mean, sorry wretch. 

UN-DER-FILL'ING, n. The lower part of a building, 

t UN-DER-FONG', z). i. [Sax. /are^a jj, to seize.] To take in 
hand. Spenser. 

UN'DER-FOOT, adv. Beneath. Milton. 

UN'DER-F66t, a. Low j base; abject; trodden down. 

UN-DER-FtJR'NISH, v. t. To supply with less than 
enough. 

UN-DER-FUR'NISHED, pp. Supplied with less^ than 
enough. 

UiN-DER-FUR'NISH-ING, ppr. Furnishing with less than 
enough. 

UN-DER-FUR'RoW, adv. In agriculture, to sow under- 
furrow, is to plough in seed. 

UN-DER-GiRD', t). t. [See Gird.] To bind below; to gird 
round the bottom. Jicts xxvii. 

UN-DER-Go', V. ti 1. To suffer ; to endure something bur- 
densome or painful to the body or the mind. 2. To pass 
through. 3. To sustain without fainting, yielding or 
sinking. 4. To be the bearer of; to possess; [obs.] 5. 
To support; to hazard; [obs,] 6 To be subject to; 

UN-DER-Go'ING, ppr. Suffering ; enduring. 

UN-DER-GONE', pp. borne ; suffered ; sustained. 

UN-DER-GRAD'U-ATE, n. A stuaent or member of a uni- 
versity or college, wlio has not taken his first degree. 

UN-DER-GROUND', n. A place or space beneath the sur- 
face of the ground. Skak. 

UN'DER-GROUND, a. Being below the surface of the 
ground. 

UN-DER-GROUND'', adv. Beneath the surface of the earth. 

[JN'DER-GRoWTH, v. That which grows under trees; 
shrubs or small trees growing among large ones. 

UN'DER-HAND, adv. 1. By secret means ; in a clandestine 

' manner. Hooker. 2. By fraud ; by fraudulent means. 
D7-7jden. 

UN'DER-HAND, a. Secret; clandestine; usually implying 
meanness or fraud, or both. 

UN-DER-HAND'ED, a. Underhand ; clandestine. 

UN-DK-RiV'ED, a. Not derived; not borrowed; not re- 
ceiv'r-. from a foreign source. 

UN-DER-KEEP'ER, n. A subordinate keeper. Gray. 

UN-DER-La'BOR-ER, n. A subordinate workman. 

UN-DER-LaID', pp. or a. [f com underlay.] Having some- 
thing lying or laid beneath. 

UN-DER-La1', v.t. To lay beneath ; to support by some- 
thing laid_under. 

UN-DER-LeAF', 7^. A sort of apple good for cider. Morti- 
mer. 

UN-DER-LET', v. t. 1. To let below the value. Smollett. 
2. To let or lease, as a lessee or tenant ; to let under a 

UN-DER-LET'TER, 71. A tenant who leases. 

UN-DER-LET'TING, ppr. Letting or leasing under a lease, 
or bv a lessee. 

UN-DER-LET'TING, n. The act or practice of letting 
lands by lessees or tenants. 

UN-DER-LlNE', v. t. 1. To mark with a line below the 
words ; sometimes called scoring. 2. To influence secret- 
ly ; [obs.\ 

UN-DER-LlN'ED, pp. Marked with a line underneath. 

UN DER-LING, n. An inferior person or agent ; a mean, 
sorry fellow. Milton. 

UN-DER-LTN'ING, ppr. Marking with a line below. 

UN'DER-LOGK, n. A lock of wool hanging under the belly 
of a sheep. Cyc. 

UN-DER-MAS'TER, n. A master subordinate to the princi- 
pal master^ Lowth. 

UN'DER-MeAL, 71. A repast before dinner. B. Jonson. 

UN-DER-MlNE', v. t. 1. To sap ; to excavate the earth be- 
neath, for the purpose of suffering to fall, or of blowing up. 
2. To excavate the earth beneath. 3. To remove the 
foundation or support of any thing by clandestine means. 

UN-DER-MlN'ED, pp. Sapped ; having the foundation re- 
moved. 

UN-DER-MlN'ER, n. 1. One that saps, or excavates the 



earth beneath any thing. 2. One that clandestinely re 
moves the foundation or support ; one that secretly ovei 
throws. 
UN- OER-MlN'ING, ppr. Sapping; digging away the eartJi 

beneath ; clandestinely removing the supports of. 
UN'DER-MoST, a. 1. Lowest in place beneffth others. 2. 

liowest in state or condition. 
t UN'DERN, n. [Sax.] The third hour of the day, or nine 

o'clock. Chaucer. 
UN-DER-NeATH', adv. [under and neath.] Beneath ; be- 
low ; in a2ower place. Milton. 
UN-DER-NeATH<, prep. Under ; beneath. B. Jonson 
UN-DER-OF'FI-CER, n. A subordinate officer. 
UN-DE-ROG'A-TO-RY, a. Not derogatory. Boyle. 
UN'DER-PART, n. A subordinate part. Dryden. 
UN-DER-PET'TI-€o AT, n. A petticoat worn under a shirt 

or another petticoat. Spectator. 
UN-DER-PIN', v. i. 1. To lay stones under the sills of a 
building, on which it is to rest. 2. To support by some 
solid foundation ; or to place something underneath for 
support. 
UN-DER-PIN'NED, jjj7. Supported by stones or a founda- 
tion. 
UN-DER-PIN NING, ppr. Placing stones under the sills for 

support. 
UN-DER-PIN'NING, n. 1. The act of laying stones under 
sills. 2. The stones on which a building immediately 
rests. 
UN'DER-PLOT, n. 1. A series of events in a play, proceed- 
ing collaterally with tlie main story, and subservient to it. 
2. A clandestine scheme. 
UN-DER-PRaISE', v.t. To praise below desert. 
UN-DER-PRiZE', v. t. To value at less than the worth ; to 

undervalue. Skak. 
UN-DER-PRTZ'ED,pp. Undervalued. 
UN-DER-PRlZ'ING, ppr. Undervaluing. 
UN-DER-PROP', V. t. To support ; to uphold. Fenton 
UN-DER-PRO-PoR'TIONED, a. Having too little propor- 
tion. 
t UN-DER-PULL'ER, 7?. An inferior puller. Collier. 
UN-DER-RaTE', v. t. To rate too low ; to rate below the 

value ; to undervalue. Buck. 
UN'DER-RATE, n. A price less than the worth. 
UN-DER-RUN', v. t. To pass under in a boat. Mar. Diet. 
— To undcrrun a tackle, to separate its parts and put them 
in order. Mar. Diet. 
UN-DER-SAT'U-RA-TED, a. Not fully saturated. 
t UN-DER-SaY', v. t. To say by way of derogation or con- 
tradiction. Spenser. 
UN-DER-SeoRE', v. t. To mark under. Dean Tucker. 
UN-DER-SE€'RE-TA-RY, 77. A secretary subordinate to 

the principal secretary. Bacov. 
UN-DER-SELL', v. t. To sell the same articles at a lower 

price than another. 
UN-DER-SELL'ING, ppr. Selling at a lower price. 
UN-DER-SERV'ANT, 71. An inferior servant. Grew. 
UN-DER-SET', v. t. To prop ; to support. Bacon. 
UN'DER-SET, v. a current of water below the surface. 
UN-DER-SET'TER, 71. A prop ; a pedestal ; a support. 
UN-D"ER-SET'TING, ppr. Propping; supporting. 
UN-DER-SET'TING, n. The lower part ; th« pedestal. 
UN-DER-SHER'IFF, n. A sherifTs deputy. 
t UN-DER-SHER'IFF-RY, n. The office of an under-sheriff. 
UN'DER-SHOT, a. Moved by water passing under the 

wheel ; opposed to overshot. 
UN'DER-SHRUB, 7?. A low shrub, permanent and woody 

at the base, but the yearly branches decaying. 
UN'DER-SOIL, n. Soil beneath the surface ; subsoil. Asiat. 

Res. 
UN'DER-SONG, 7?. Chorus; burden of a song. Dryden. 
UN-DER-STAND', v. t. ; pret. and pp. understood, [under 
and stavd.] I. To have just and adequate ideas of; to 
comprehend ; to know. 2. To have the same ideas as the 
person who speaks, or the ideas which a person intends to 
communicate. 3. To receive or have the ideas expressed 
or intended to be conveyed in a writing or book ; to know 
themeaning. 4. Toknow the meaning of signs, orof any 
thing intended to convey ideas 5. To suppose to mean. 
6. To know by experience 7. To know by instinct. 
8. To interpret, at least mentally. 9. To know another's 
meaning. 10. To hold in opinion with conviction. 11. 
To mean without expressing. 12. To know what is not 
expressed. 13. To learn ; to be informed. 
UN-DER-STAND', v. i. 1. To have the use of the intellect 
ual faculties ; to be an intelligent and conscious being. 2. 
To be informed by another ; to learn. 
UN-DER-STAND'A-BLE, a. That can be understood. 

[Little used.] 
UN-DER-STAND'ER, n. One who understands or knows 

by experience. ^Little used.] Beaumont. 
UN-DER-STAND'ING, ppr. 1. Comprehending; learning, 

or being informed. 2. a. Knowing ; skillful. 
UN-DER-STAND'ING, n. 1. The faculty of the human 
mind by which it apprehends the real state of things 



* See Synopsis. S, E, I, 0, tj, Y, long.—FAU, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE\ ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;- f Obsolete. 



UND 



875 



UND 



presented to it, or by which it receives or comprehends the 
ideas which others express and intend to communicate. 
2. Knowledge j exact comprehension. Locke. 3. Intelli- 
gence between two or more persons ; agreement of minds j 
union of sentiments. 

UN-DER-STAND'ING-LY, adv. Intelligibly; with full 
knowledge or comprehension of a question or subject. 

IJN-DER-STOOD', fret, and pp. of understand 

UN'DER-STRAP-PER, n. A petty fellow ; an inferior 
agent. Swift. 

UN-DER-STRa'TUM, n. Subsoil; the bed or layei- of earth 
on which the mold or soil rests, Cyc. 

LTN-DER-STRoKE', v. t. To underline. Swift. 

\ UN-DER-TaK'A-BLE, a. That may be undertaken. 

UN-DER-TaKE', v. t, ; pret. undertook ; pp. undertaken, 
[under and take.] 1, To engage in ; to enter upon ; to 
take in hand ; to begin to perform. 2. To covenant or 
contract to perform or execute. 3. To attempt. 4. To 
assume a character ; [obs.] 5. To engage with ; to attack ; 
[obs.] 6. _To have the charge of; [obs.] 

UN-DER-TaKE', v. i. 1. To take upon or assume any busi- 
ness or province. 2. To venture ; to Jiazard, 3. To 
promise ; to be bound. — To undertake for, to be bound ; 
to become surety for. 

UN-DER-TaK'EN, pp. of undertake. The work was un- 
dertaken at his own expense. 

UN-DER-TaK'ER, n. 1. One who undertakes ; one who 
engages in any project or business. 2. One who stipu- 
lates or covenants to perform any work for another. 3. 
One who manages funerals. 

UN-DER-TaK'ING, ppr. Engaging in ; taking in hand ; 
beginning Jo perform ; stipulating to execute. 

UN-DER-1'aK'ING, 71. Any business, work or project 
which a person engages in ; an enterprise. 

UN-DER-TEN'ANT, n. The tenant of a tenant ; one who 
holds landsor tenements of a tenant. 

f UN'DER-TlME, n. U'xdern-tide ; the time after dinner, 
or in the evening. Spender. 

UN-DER-TOOK',;?ret. of undertake. 

UN-DER-TREAS'UR-ER, (un-der-trezh'ur-er) n. A subor- 
dinate treasurer. 

UN-D£R-VAL-U-A'TION, n. The act of valuing below 
the real worth ; rate not equal to the worth. 

CTN-DER-VAL'tTE, v. t. 1. To value, rate or estimate below 
the real worth. 2. To esteem lightly ; to treat as of little 
worth. 3. To despise ; to hold in mean estimation. 

tJN-DER-VAL'UE, n. Low rate or price ; a price less than 
the real worth Hamilton. 

UN-DER-VAL'UED, pp. Estimated at less than the real 
worth ; slighted ; despised. 

UN-DER-VAL'U-ER, n. One who es;;eems lightly. 

UN-DER-VAL'U-ING, ppr. Estimating at less than the real 
worth; slighting; despising. 

UN-DER-WENT', pret. of xmdergo. 

UNDER-WOOD, n. Small trees that grow among large 
trees. Mortimer. 

UN'DER-WORK, n. Subordinate work ; petty affairs. 

UN-DER-W6RK', v. t. 1. To destroy by c'andestine meas- 
ures. 2. To work or labor upon lessthan is sufficient or 
proper. 3. To work at a less price than others in the like 
employment. 

UN'DER-W6RK-ER, n. One who underworks ; or a subor- 
dinate workman. 

UN-DER-W6RK'ING, ppr. Destroying clandestinely ; 
working at a less price than others in the like employ- 
ment. 

UN-DER-W6RK'MAN, n. A subordinate workman. 

[JN-DER-WRITE', ?;. t. 1. To write under something else. 
J To subscribe. 3. To subscribe one's name for insur- 
ance. 

UN-DER-WRiTE', v. i. To practice insuring. 

UN'DER-WRiT-ER, n. One who insures ; an insurer; so 
called because he underwrites his name to the conditions 
of the policy. 

UN-DER-WRIT'ING, ppr. 1. Writing under something. 
2. Subscribing a policy ; insuring. 

UN-DER-WRiT'ING, n. The act or practice of insuring 
ships, goods, houses, &c. 

UN-DER-WRIT'TEN, pp. Written under ; subscribed. 

UN-DE-SCEND'I-BLE, a. Not descendible ; not capable of 
descending to heirs. 

{JN-DE-S€RTB'ED, a. Not described. Hooker. 

UN-DE-S€Rl'ED, a. Not descried ; not discovered. 

UN-DESERVED, a. Not deserved ; not merited. 

UN-DE-SERV'ED-.Ly, adv. Without desert. Dryden. 

JN-DE-SERV'ED-NESS, n. Want of being worthy. 

UN-DE-S]mV'ER, n. One of no merit. Shak. 

UN-DE-SERV'ING, a. 1. Not deserving; not having merit. 
2. Not meriting. Pope. 

UN-DE-SERV'ING-LY, adv. Without meriting any par- 
ticular advantage or harm. Milton. 

UN-DE-SiGN'ED; (un-de-sind') a. Not designed ; not in- 
tended ;_ not proceeding from purpose. 

UN-DE-SlGN'ED-LY, adv. Without design or intention. 



UN-DE-SiGN'ED-NESS, n. Freedom from design or sjet 

purpose._ Paley. 
UN-DE-SlGN'ING, a. 1. Not acting with set puri>ose. 2. 

Sincere ; upright ; artless ; having no artful or fraudulent 

purpose. 
UN-DE-SiR'A-BLE, a. Not to be desired ; not to be wished ; 

not pleasing Milton. 
UN-DE-SIR'ED, a. Not desired, or not solicited. 
UN-DE-SIR'ING, a. Not desiring ; not wishing. Dryden. 
UN-DE-SPaIR'ING, a. Not yielding to despair. Dyer. 
t UN-DE-STROY'A-BLE, a.' Indestructible. Boyle. 
UN-DE-STROY'ED, a. Not destroyed ; not wasted 
UN-DE-TE€T'ED, a. Not detected ; not discovered ; no» 

laid open. R. G. Harper. 
UN-DE-TERM'IN-A-BLE, a. That cannot be determined 

or decided. Locke. 
UN-DE-TERM'IN-ATE, a. Not determinate ; not settled 
UN-L»E-TERM'IN-ATE-NESS, 7t. Urxcertainty ; unsettled 

stiife. 
UN-DE-TERM-IN-A'TION, n. Indecision ; uncertainty of 

mind. [See Indetermination, which is chiefly used.] 
UN-DE-TEllM'INED, a. 1. Not determined ; wot settled 

not decided. 2. Not limited; not defined; indeterminate 
UN-DE-TER'RED, a. Not deterred ; not restrained by fear 

or obstacles. Mitford. 
UN-DE-TESTING, a. Not detesting ; not abhorring. 
UiV-DE-VEL'OFED, a. Not opened or unfolded. 
UN-De'VI-A-TING, a. 1. Not deviating; not departing 

from the way, or from a rule, principle or purpose ; steady ; 

regular. 2. Not erring; not wandering ; not crooked. 
UN-DE'VI-A-TING-LY, adv. Without wandering ; steadi- 
ly ; regularly. 
UN-DE-VoT'ED, a. Not devoted. Clarendon. 
UN-DE-VOUT', a. Not devout; having no devotion. 
UN-DEX'TROUS, a. Not dextrous ; clumsy. 
UN-DI-APH'A-NOUS, a. Not transparent ; not pellucid. 
V'^-mW, pret. of undo. 
UN-DIG'EN-OUS, a. [L. ujida, and Gr. ysvoi.] Generated 

by water. Kirwan. 
UN-DI-GEST'ED, a. Not digested; not subdued by the 

stomach ; crude. Arbuthnot. 
t UN-DIGHT', ^'. t. To put off. Spenser. 
UN-DIG'NI-FiED, a. Not dignified ; common ; mean. 
UN-DI-MIN'ISH-A-BLE, a. Not capable of diminution. 
UN-DI-MIN'ISHED, a. Not diminished ; not lessened. 
UN-DI-MIN'ISH-ING, a. Not diminishing ; not becoming 

less. 
UN-DINT'ED, a. Not impressed by a blow. Shak. 
UN-DIP-LO-MAT'I€, a. Not according to the rules of dip- 
lomatic bodies. 
UN-DJP'PED, a. Not dipped ; not plunged. Dryden. 
UN-DI-RECT'ED, a. 1. Not directed; not guided; left 

without direction. 2. Not addressed ; not superscribed. 
UN-DIS-AP-POINT'ED, a. Not disappointed. 
UN-DIS-CERN'ED, (un-diz-zernd') a. Not discerned ; not 

seen ; not observed ; not descried ; not discovered. 
UN-DIS-CERN'ED-LY, (un-diz-zern'ed-ly) adv. In such a 

manner as not to be discovered or seen. Boyle. 
UN-DIS-CERx\'I-BLE, (un-diz-zern'e-bl) a. That cannot be 

discerned, seen or discovered ; invisible. 
UN-DIS-CERN'I-BLE-NESS, (un-diz-zern'e-bl-nes) n. The 

state or quality of being undiscernible. 
UN-DIS-CERN'I-BLY, (un-diz-zern'e-bly) adv In a way 

not to be discovered or seen ; invisibly ; imperceptibly. 
UN-DIS-CERN'ING, (un-diz-zern'ing) a. Not discerning; 

not making just distinctions ; wanting judgment or the 

power of discrimination. 
UN-DIS-CERN'ING, (un-diz-zern'ing) n. Want of discern- 
ment. 
UN-DIS'CI-PLINED, a. ] , Not disciplined ; not duly exer 

cised and taught ; not subdued to regularity and order , 

raw. 2. Not instructed ; untaught. 
UN-DIS-€LoSE', v. t. Not to discover. [A bad word.] 
UN-DIS-€LoS'ED, a. Not disclosed ; not revealed. 
UN-DIS-€oL'ORED, a. Not discolored ; not stained. 
UN-DIS-€ORD'ING, a. Not disagreeing ; not jarring, in 

music ; harmonious. Milton. 
UN-DIS-€6V'ER-A-BLE, a. That cannot be discovered. 
UN-DIS-€6V'ER-A-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be diss- 

covered. 
UN-DIS Covered, a. Not discovered ; not seen ; not 

descried. Dryden. 
UN-DIS-€REET', a. Not discreet; not prudent or wise. 
UN-DIS-€REET'LY,arfw. Indiscreetly. See Indiscrzeth. 
UN-DIS-eUSS'ED, a. Not discussed ; not argued. 
UN-DIS-GRa'CED, a. Not disgraced or dishonored. 
UN-DIS-GUlS'ED, a. 1. Not disguised ; not covered with h 

mask, or with a false appearance. 2. Open ; frank ; can- 
did ; plain ; artless. 
UN-DIS-HON'ORED, (un-dis-on'urd) a. Not dishonorea ; 

not disgraced. SMk. 
UN-DIS-MaY'ED, a. Not dismayed ; not disheartened by 

fear ; not discouraged. 
UN-DIS-0-BLl'6lNG, a. Inoffensive. [L. u.] Brown. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE — C as K ; G as J • S as Z ; CH as SH j TH as in this, t Obsolete 



UND 



876 



L'JNE 



liN-DlS-OK r ERED, a. Not disordered ; not disturbed. 

UN-DIS-PE-NS'ED, a. Not dispensed. 2. Not freed from 
i/oligation. 

UN-DIS-PENS'ING, a Not allowing to be dispensed with. 

fJN-DIS-PERS'ED, a. Not dispersed ; not scattered. Botjle. 

UN-DIS-PLaY ED, a. Not displayed ; not unfolded. 

UN-DIS-PoSED of. Not disposed of: not bestowed. Swift. 

UN-DIS'PU-TA-BLE^ a. Not disputable. 

UN-DlS-PuT'ED, a. Not disputed ; not contested. 

UN-DIS-aUFET-ED, a. Not disquieted ; not disturbed. 

UN-DLS-SEM BLED, a. Not dissembled; open; undis- 
guised ; unfeigned. Atterbury. 

UN-DIS-SEM'BLING, a. Not dissembling ; not exhibiting 
a false appearance ; not false. Thomson. 

UN-DIS SI-PA-TED, a. Not dissipated ; not scattered. 

UN-DIS-SOLV'A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be dissolved or 
melted. 2. That may not be loosened or broken. 

UN-DJS-SOLV'ED, a. Not dissolved ; not melted. Cowper. 

UN-DIS-SOLV'JNG, a. Not dissolving ; not melting. 

UN-DIS-TEM'PERED, a. 1. Not diseased ; free from mala- 
dy. 2. Free from perturbation. Temple. 

UN-DIS-TEND'ED, a. Not distended ; not enlarged. 

UN-DIS-TILL'ED, a. Not distilled. 

UN-DIS-TIN'GUISH-A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be dis- 
tinguished by the eye ; not to be distinctly seen. 2. Not 
to be known or distinguished by the intellect, by any pe- 
culiar property. 

UN-DIS-TIN'GUISH-A-BLY, adv. Without distinction ; so 
as not to be known from each other. Barrow. 

IJN-DIS-TIN'GUISHED, a. 1. Not distinguished ; not so 
marked as to be distinctly known from each other. 2. 
Not separately seen or descried. 3. Not plainly discerned. 
4. Having no intervenient space. 5. Not marked by any 
particular property. 6. Not treated v^'ith any particular 
respect. 7. Not distinguished by any particular emi- 
iicnc6 

UN-Dis'-TIN'GUISH-ING, a. Making no difference ; not 
discriminating. Addison. 

UN-DIS-TORT'ED, a. Not distorted ; not perverted. More. 

UN-DIS-TRAGT'ED, a. Not perplexed by contrariety or 
confusioji of thoughts, desires or concerns. 

UN-DIS-TH 4€T'ED-LY, udv. Without disturbance from 
contrariety of thoughts or multiplicity of concerns. 

UN-D[S-TRA€T'ED-NESS, n. Freedom from disturbance. 

UN-DIS-TRIB'U-TED, a. Not distributed or allotted. 

UN-DIS-TURB'ED, a. 1. Free from interruption ; not mo- 
lested or hindered. 2. Free from perturbation of mind ; 
calm ; tranquil ; placid ; serene ; not agitated. 3. Not 
agitated ; not stirred ; not moved. 

UN-DIS-TURBfED-LY, adv. Calmly ; peacefully. Locke. 

UN-DIS-TURB'ED-NESS, n. Calmness ; tranquillity ; free- 
dom from molestation or agitation. 

UN-DI-VERS'I-FlED, a. Not diversified ; not varied ; uni- 
form. 

UN-DI-VERT'ED, a. 1. Not diverted ; not turned aside. 
2. Not amused ; not entertained or pleased. 

UN-DI-VlD'A-BLE, a. That cannot be divided ; not sepa- 
rable. Shall. 

UN-DL ViD'ED, a. ]. Not divided ; not separated or disu- 
nited ; unbroken ; whole. — 2. In botany, not lobed, cleft 
or branched. Cyc, 

UN-DI-VID'ED-LY, adv. So as not to be parted. 

UN-DI-V6R'CED, a. Not divorced ; not separated. Young. 

UN-DI-VUL6'ED, a. Not divulged ; not revealed or dis- 
closed ; secret. Robertson. 

UN-DC, V. t. ; pret. undid ; pp. undone. 1. To reverse what 
has been done ; to annul ; to bring to naught any transac- 
tion. 2. To loose ; to open ; to take to pieces ; to unravel ; 
to unfasten ; to untie. 3. To ruin ; to bring to poverty ; 
to impoverish. 4. To ruin, in a moral sense ; to bring to 
everlasting destruction and misery. 5. To ruin in repu- 
tation. 

UN-DOCK', V. t. To take out of dock ; as, to wncfoeft; a ship. 
Encyc. 

UN-D(5'ER, n. One who undoes or brings destruction ; one 
who reverses what has been done. 

UN-D5'ING, p;}r. Reversing what has been done ; ruining. 

UN-DCING, ?i. 1. The reversal of what has been done. 
2. Ruin ; destruction. Hooker. 

UN-D6NE', pp. 1. Reversed ; annulled. 2. Ruined ; de- 
stroyed. 3. a. Not done ; not performed ; not executed. 

UN-DOUBT'ED, (un-dout'ed) a. Not doubted; not called 
in question ; indubitable ; indisputable. Milton. 

UN-DOUBT'ED-LY, (un-dout'ed-ly) adv. Without doubt ; 
without question ; indubitably. Tillotson. 

UN-DOUBTFUL, (un-dout'ful) a. Not doubtful ; not am- 
biguous ; plain ; evident. Shak. 

UN-DOUBT'ING, (un-dout'ing) a. Not doubting ; not hesi- 
tating respecting facts ; not fluctuating in \jncertainty. 

UN-DRaIN'ED, a. Not drained ; not freed from water. 
UN-DRA-MAT'I€, ) a. Not dramatic ; not according to 

UN-DRA-MAT'I-€AL, \ the rules of the drama, or not 
suited to the drama. 

UN-DRAWN', a. 1. Not drawn ; not pulled by an external 



force. Milton. 2. Not allured by motives or persuasion 
3. Not taken from the box. 

UN-DREAD'ED, (un-dred'ed) a. Not dreaded ; not feared 

UN-DReAM'ED, a. Not dreamed ; not thougiit of. 

UN-DRESS', V. t. 1. To divest of clothes ; to strip. 2 To 
divest of ornaments, or the attire of ostentation ; to dis- 
robe. 

UN'DRESS, n. A loose, negligent dress. Dryden. 

UN-DRESS'ED, pp. 1. Divested of dress ; disrobed 2. a 
Not dressed ; not attired. 3. Not prepared. 4. Not pruned . 
not trimmed ; not put in order. 

UN-DRl'ED, a. 1. Not dried ; wet ; moist. 2. Not dried , 
green. 

UN-DRIVEN, a. Not driven ; not impelled. Dryden. 

UN-DROOP'ING, a. Not drooping ; not sinking ; not de- 
spairing. Thomson. 

UN-DROSSiY, a. Free from dross or recrement. Pope. 

UN-DROWN'ED, a. Not drowned. Shak. 

UN-Du'BI-TA-BLE, a. Not to be doubted; unquestion- 
able^ 

UN-DuE', a. 1. Not due ; not yet demandable of right. 2 
Not right ; not legal ; improper. 3. Not agreeable to & 
rule or standard, or to duty ; aot proportioned ; excessive 

UN-DUKE', V. t. To deprive of dukedom. Swift. 

UN'DU-LA-RY, a. [L. undula.] Playing like waves ; wav- 
ing. Brown. 

UN'DU-LATE, or UN'DU-LA-TED, a. Wavy ; waved ob- 
tusely up and down, near the margin, as a leaf or corol. 

UN'DU-LATE, v. t. [L. undula.] To move back and forth., 
or up and down, as waves ; to cause to vibrate. 

UN'DU-LATE, v. i. To vibrate ; to move back and forth , 
to wave ; as, undulating air. Pope. 

VWm^ -LA-TING, ppr. 1. Waving ; vibrating. 2. a Wavy; 
rising and falling. 

UN'DU-LA-TING-LY, adv. In the form of waves 

UN-DU-La'TION, n. 1. A waving motion or vibration.— 
2. In medicine, a particular uneasy sensation of an undu- 
latory motion in the heart. — 3. In music, a rattling or jar- 
ring of sounds, as when discordant notes are sounded to- 
getheri — 4. In surgery, a certain motion of the matter of 
an abscess when pressed, which indicates its maturity or 
fitness for opening. 

UN'DU-LA-TO-RY, a. Moving in the manner of waves ; 
or resembling the motion of waves, which successively 
rise or swell and fall. 

t UN-DULL', V. t. To remove dullness or obscurity ; to 
clear ; to purify. Whitlock. 

UN-DtJ'LY, adv. 1. Not according to duty or propriety. 2. 
Not in proper proportion ; excessively. 

fUN-Du'RA-BLE, a. Not durable ; not lasting. Arnway. 

t UN-DUST', V. t. To free from dust. Mountague. 

UN-DtJ'TE-OUS, a. Not performing duty to parents and 
superiors ; not obedient. Dryden. 

UN-DtJ'TI-FUL, a. Not obedient ; not performing duty. 

UN-DO'TI-FUL-LY, adv. Not according to duty ; in a dis- 
obedient manner. Dryden. 

UN-DtJ'TI-FUL-NESS, n. Want of respect ; violation of 
duty ; disobedience. 

UN-DY'ING, a. 1. Not dying ; not perishing. 2. Not sub- 
ject to death ; immortal. 

UN-EARN'ED, (un-ernd') a. Not merited by labor or ser- 
vices. Philips. 

UN-EARTH'ED, (un-erthf) a. Driven from a den, cavern 
or burrow. Thomson. 

UN-EARTH'LY, (un-erth'ly) a. Not terrestrial. Shak. 

UN-KA9!'I-LV,arfz5. 1. Withuneasinessorpain. Z'£st7-an^e. 

2. With difficulty ; not readily. Boyle. 
UN-eAS'I-NESS, n. 1. A moderate degree of pain ; rest- 
lessness ; want of ease ; disquiet. 2. Unquietness of 
mind ; moderate anxiety or perturbation ; disquietude 

3. That which makes uneasy or gives trouble ; rugged- 

UN-eAS'Y, a. ]. Feeling some degree of pain; restless ^ 
disturbed ; unquiet. 2. Giving some pain. 3. Disturbed 
in mind ; somewhat anxious ; unquiet. 4. Constraining ; 
cramping. 5. Constrained ; stiff; not graceful ; not easy. 

6. Giving some pain to others ; disagreeable ; unpleasing. 

7. Difficult ; [obs.] 

UN-kAT'A-BLE, a. Not eatable ; not fit to be eaten. 

UN-EAT'EN, a. Not eaten ; not devoured. Clarendon. 

fUN-EATH', adv. [tm, and Sax. eath, easy.] 1. Not eas- 
ily. Shak. 2. Beneath ; below. Spenser. 

UN-E-CLIPS'ED, a. Not eclipsed ; not obscured. 

UN-ED'I-FY-ING, a Not edifying ; not improving .o the 
mind. Atterbury. 

UN-ED'U-€A-TED, a. Not educated; illiterate. 

UN-EF-Fa'CED, a. Not effaced ; not obliterated. 

UN-EF-FECT'U-AL, a. Ineffectual. 

UN-E-LAS'TI€, a. Not elastic ; not having the pioperty 
of recovering its original state, when bent or forced out o. 
its form. 

UN-E-LaT'ED, a. Not elated ; not puffed up. 

UN-EL'BoWED, a. Not attended by any at the eloow. 

UN-E-LE€T'ED, a. Not elected ; not chosen ; not preferred 



* See Synop^ A, E, T, O, U, Yj long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT j— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ,- 



t Obsolete 



UNE 



877 



UNE 



f UN-EIVE-GANT, ffl. Not elegant. See Inelegant. 

UN-EL'I-GI-BLE, a. Not proper to be chosen j ineligible. 

UN-E-MAN'CI-PA-TED, a. Not emancipated. 

UN-EM-BALM'ED, (un-em-bamd') a. Not embalmed. 

UN-EM-BAR'RASSED, a. 1. Not embarrassed ; not per- 
plexed in mind ; not confused. 2. Free from pecuniary 
difficulties or encumbrances. 3. Free from perplexing 
connection. 

UN-EM-BIT'TERED, a. Not embittered •, not aggravated. 
Roscoe. 

UN-EM-BOD'IED, a. .1. Free from a corporeal body. 2. 
Not embodied ; not collected into a body. Smollett. 

rjN-EM-PHAT'I€, a. Having no emphasis. 

IJN-EM-PLOY'ED, a. 1. Not employed , not occupied ; not 
basy ; at leisure ; not engaged. Addison. 2. Not being in 
use. 

UN-EM-POW'ERED, a. Not empowered or authorize'^. 

t UN-EMP'TI-A-BLE, a. Not to be emptied ; inexhaustibJe. 

UN-EM'U-LA-TING, a, Not emulating ; not striving to 
excel. 

UN-EN-CHANT'ED, a. Not enchanted ; that cannot be en- 
chanted. Milton. 

UN-EN-eUM'BER, v. t. To free from encumbrance. 

LTN-EN-eUM'BERED, pp. 1. Disengaged from encum- 
brance. _2. a. Not encumbered ; not burdened. 

UN-EN-DeAR'ED, a. Not attended with endearment. Mil- 
ton. 

UN-EN-DOW'ED, a. 1. Not endowed ; not furnished : not 
invested^ 2. Not furnished with funds. 

UN-EN-DuR'ING, a. Not lasting; of temporary duration. 

UN-EN'ER-VA-TED, [See * Enervate.] a. Not enervated 
or weakened. 

UN-EN-Ga'GED, a. 1. Not engaged ; not bound by cove- 
nant or promise ; free from obligation to a particular per- 
son. 2. Free from attachment that binds. 3. Unem- 
ployed ; unoccupied; not busy. 4. Not appropriated. 

UN-EN-Ga'GING, a. Not adapted to engage or win the at- 
tention or affections ; not inviting. 

UN-EN-JOY'ED, a. Not enjoyed ; not obtained. 

UN-EN-JOY'ING, a. Not using ; having no fruition. I 

UN-EN-LaR'6ED, a. Not enlarged ; narrow. JVatts. 

UN-EN-LlGHT'ENED, a. Not enlightened; not illumi- 
nated. 

UN-EN-SLaV'ED, a. Not enslaved ; free. Addison. 

UN-EN-TAN'GLE, v. t. To free from complication or per- 
plexity ; to disentangle. Donne. 

UN-EN-TAN'GLED, pp. 1. Disentangled. 2. a. Not en- 
tangled ; not complicated ; not perplexed. 

UN-EN'TER-PRiS-ING, a. Not enterprising ; not adven- 
turous. 

UN-EN-TER-TaIN'ING, a. Not entertaining or amusing ; 
giving no delight. Pope. 

tTN-EN-TER-TAIN'ING-NESS, n. The quality of being 
unentertaining or duU. 

UN-EN-THRALI/ED, a. Not enslaved ; not reduced to 
thralldom. 

UN-EN-TOMB'ED, a. Not buried ; not interred. Dryden. 

UN-EN'VIED, a. Not envied ; exempt from the envy cf 
others. 

UN-EN'Vl-OUS, a. Not envious ; free from envy. 

UN-EP'I-TAPHED, a. Having no epitaph. Pollok. 

UN-E'aUA-BLE, a. Different from itself; different at dif- 
ferent times ; not uniform ; diverse. 

UN-E'Q.UAL, a. [L. incequalis.] 1. Not equal ; not even ; 
not of the same size, length, breadth, quantity, &c. 2. 
Not equal in strength, talents, acquirements. &c. ; infe- 
rior. 3. Not equal in age or station ; inferior. 4. Insuffi- 
cient ; inadequate. 5. Partial ; unjust ; not furnishing 
equivalents to the different parties. 6. Disproportioned ; 
ill-matched. 7. Not regular; not uniform. — 8. In botany, 
liaving the parts not corresponding in size, but in propor- 
tion only, as a corol ; rugged, not even or smooth, as the 
surface of a leaf or stem. 

UN-K'aUAL-A-BLE, a. Not to be equaled. Boyle. 

UN-E'Q,UALED, a. Not to be equaled ; unparalleled : unri- 
valed : ill a good or bad senfe. 

UN-E'CiUAIi-LY, adv. 1. Not equally ; in different de- 
grees ; in disproportion to each other. 2, Not with like 
sentiments, temper or religious opinions or habits. 2 
Co7\ vi. 

UN-E'aUAL-N"ESS, n. State of being unequal ; inequality 
Temple. 

LIN-Ea'UIT-A-BLE,a. 1. Not equitable ; not just. 2. Not 
impartial. [Inequitable is generally used.] 

IJN-r.-aUIV'0-€AL, a. 1. Not equivocal ; not doubtful ; 
clear ; evident. 2. Not ambiguous ; not of doubtful sig- 
nification ; not admitting different interpretations. 

UN-E-aUIV'0-€AL-LY, adv. Without doubt ; without 
room to doubt ; plainly ; with full evidence. 

UN-ER'RA-BLE, a. Incapable of erring ; infallible. 

UN-ER'RA-BLE-NESS, n. Incapacity of error. 

UN-ER'RING, a. 1. Committing no mistake ; incapable of 
error. 2. Incapable of failure ; certain. 

LTN-ER'RING-LY, adv. Without mistake. Glanville. 



t UN-ES-CHEW'A-BLE, a. Unavoidable. Carew. 
UN-E-SPi'ED, a. Not espied ; not discovered; not seen 
UN-ES-SaY'ED, a. Not essayed ; unattempted. MUUm. 
UN-ES-SEN'TIAL, a. 1. Not essential; not absolutely 

necessary ; not of prime importance. 2. Not constituting 

the essence. 3. Void of real beings 
UN-ES-SEN'TIAL, n. Something not constituting essence, 

or not of absolute necessity. 
UN-E-STAB'LISH, v. t. To unfix ; to deprive of estaUish- 

ment. [Little v^ed.] Milton. 
UN-E-STAB'LISHED, a. Not established ; not permanent 

ly fixed. 
UN-E-VAN-GEL'I-CAL, a. Not orthodox ; not according 

to tlie gospel. Milner. 
UN-E'VEN, (un-e'vn) a. 1. Not even ; not level. 2. Not 

equal; not of equal length. 3. Not uniform. 
UN-EfVEN-LY, adv. In an uneven manner. 
UN-E'VEN-NESS, n. 1. Surface not level ; inequality ot 

surface. 2. Turbulence ; change ; want of uniformity 

3. Want of uniformity. 4. Want of smoothness. 
UN-EV'I-TA-BLE, a. Not to be escaped ; unavoidable. 
UN-EX-ACT', a. Not exact. See Inexact. 
UN-EX-A€T'ED, a. Not exacted ; not taken by force. 
UN-EX-AG'6ER-A-TED, a. No; exaggerated. Buckmin- 

ster. 
UN-EX-AG'GER-A-TING, a. Not enlarging in descrip- 
tion. 
UN-EX-AM'IN-A-BLE, a. Not to be examined. Milton. 
UN-EX-AM'INED, a. 1. Not examined ; not interrogated 

strictly. 2. Not inquired into ; not investigated. 3. Not 

discussed ; not debated. 
UN-EX-AM'PLED, a. Having no example or similar case , 

having no precedent ; unprecedented; unparalleled. 
UN-EX-CEP'TION-A-BLE, a. Not liable to any exception 

or objection ; unobjectionable. 
UN-EX-CEP'TION-A-BLE-NESS, n. State or quality of 

being unexceptionable. More. 
UN-EX-CEP'TION-A-BLY, adv. In a manner liable to no 

objection. 
UN-EX-ClS'ED, a. Not charged with the duty of excise. 
UN-EX-CtT'ED, a. Not excited ; not roused. Brown. 
UN-EX-€OG'I-TA-BLE, a. Not to be found out. Raleigh 
UN-EX-€OM-Mu'NI-eA-TED, a. Not excommunicated. 
UN-EX-€U'SA-BLF, a. Not excusable. 
UN-EX-€u'SA-BLE-NESg, n. Inexcusableness, whicli 

UN-EX'E-€U-TED, a. 1. Not performed ; not done. 2. Not 
signed or sealed ; not having the proper attestations or 
forms that give validity. 

UN-EX'EM-PLA-RY, a. Not exemplary ; not according to 
exanple. Swift. 

UN-EX-EM'PLl-FTED, a. Not exemplified ; not illustrated 
by example. Boyle. 

UN-EX-EMPT', a. Not exempt ; not free by privilege. 

UN-EX'ER-ClSED, a. Not exercised ; not practiced ; not 
disciplined ; not experienced. Dryden. 

UN-EX-ERT'ED, a. Not called into action ; not exerted. 

UN-EX-HAUST'ED, a. 1. Not exhausted ; not drained 
to the bottom, or to the last article. Addison. 2. Not 
spent. 

UN-EX-IST'ENT, a. Not existing. Brown. 

UN-EX'OR-ClSED, a. Not exorcised ; not cast out by ex- 
orcism. 

UN-EX-PAND'ED, a. Not expanded ; not spread out 
Blackmore. 

t UN-EX-PE€-Ta'TION, n. Want of foresight. 

UN-EX-PE€T'ED, a. Not expected ; not looked for ; sud- 
den ; not provided against. Hooker. 

UN-EX-PE€T'ED-LY, adv. At a time or in a manner not 
expected or looked for ; suddenly. 

UN-EX-PE€T'ED-NESS, n. The quality of being unex- 
pected, or of coming suddenly and by surprise. Watts. 

UN-EX-PE€'TO-RA-TING, a. Not expectorating ; not dis- 
charging from the throat or lungs. 

UN-EX-Pe'DI-ENT, a. Not expedient. 

UN-EX-PEND'ED, a. Not expended ; not laid out. 

UN-EX-PENS'IVE, a. Not expensive ; not costly. 

UN-EX-Pe'RI-ENCED, a. 1. Not experienced ; not vers 
ed ; not acquainted by trial or practice. 2. Untried. 

UN EX-PERT', a. Wanting skill ; not ready or dextrous in 
performance. Prior. 

UN-EX-PlR'ED, a. Not expired ; not ended. 

UN-EX-PLaIN'A-BLE, a. That cannot ue explained. 

UN-EX-PLoR'ED, a. 1. Not explored ; not searched or ex 
amined by the eye ; unknown. 2. Not examined intel- 
lectually. 

UN-EX-PoS'ED, a. 1. Not laid open to view ; concealed- 
2. Not laid open to censure. 

UN-EX-POUND'ED, a. Not expounded ; not explained. 

UN-EX-PRESS'ED, a. Not expressed; not mentioned or 
named ; not exhibited. 

UN-EX-PRESS'I-BLE, a. That cannot be expressed. 

UN-EX-PRESS'IVE, a. 1. Not having the power of ex- 
pressing. 2. Inexpressible ; unutterable. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK. D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this t Obsolete 



UNF 878 

UN-EX-TEND'ED, a. Occupying no assignable space ; hav- 
ing no dimensions. Locke. ^ 

UN-EX-Tm€T^ a. Not extinct ; not being destroyed ; not 
having perislied 

U'v EX-TIN'GUISH-A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be extin- 
{^aishpd ; unquenchable. 2. That cannot be annihilated 
c r repressed. 

UN-EX-TIN'GUISH-A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree 
that precludes extinction. Johnson. 

UN-EX- riN'GUISHED, a. Not extinguished ; not quench- 
ed ; ntt entirely repressed. Dryden 

UN-EX'TIR-PA-TED, [See * Extirpate.] a. Not extirpat- 
ed ; not rooted out. 

UN-EX-TORT'ED, a. Not extorted ; not wrested. 

UN-EX- TRAGT'ED, a. Not extracted or drawn out. 

UN-FAD'ED, a. 1. Not faded ; not having lost its strength 
of color. 2. Unwithered ; as a plant 

UN-FAD ING, a. 1. Not liable to lose strength or freshness 
of coloring. 2. Not liable to wither. 

UN-FaD'ING-NESS, n. The state or quality of being un- 
fading. 

t UN-FAIL' A-BLE, a. That cannot fail. Hall. 

t UN-FAIL' A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being unfail- 
able. 

UN-FA FL ING, a. 1. Not liable to fail ; not capable of be- 
ing exhausted. 2. That does not fail ; certain. 

UN-FALL'ING-NESS, n. The state of being unfailing. 

UN-FA INT'ING, a. Not fainting j not sinking ; not failing 
under toil. Sandys. 

t/N-FAIR , a. 1. Not honest ; not impartial ; disingenuous ; 
using trick or artifice. 2. Not honest; not just; not 
equal. 3. Proceeding from trick or dishonesty. 

UN-FAIR'LY, adv. Not in a just or equitable manner. Par- 
nell. 

UN-FAIR'NESS, n. 1. Dishonest or disingenuous conduct 
or practice ; use of trick or artifice. 2. Injustice ; want 
of equitableness, 

UN-FAITH'FUL, a. 1. Not observant of promises, vows, 
allegiance or duty ; violating trust or confidence ; treach- 
erous ; perfidious. 2. Not performing the proper duty. 
3. Impious; infidel. 4. Negligent of duty. 

UN-FAITH'FIJL-LY, adv. 1. In violation of promises, 
vows or duty ; treacherously ; perfidiously. 2. Negli- 
gently ; imperfectly. 

UN-PAITH'FUL-NESS, n. Neglect or violation of vows, 
promises, allegiance or other duty ; breach of confidence 
or trust reposed ; perfidiousness ; treachery. 

UN-FAL'€A-TED, a. Not curtailed ; having no deductions. 

UN-FALL'EN, a. Not fallen. Young: 

UN-FAL'LoWED, a. Not fallowed. Philips. 

UN-FA-MIL'IAR, a. Not accustomed ; not common ; not 
rendered agreeable by frequent use. Warton. 

UN-FA-MII^IAR'I-TY, 71. Want of familiarity. Johnson. 

UN-FASH'ION-A-BLE, a. 1. Not fashionable ; not accord- 
ing to the prevailing mode. 2. Not regulating dress or 
manners according to tlie reigning custom. 

UN-FASH'ION- A-BLE-NESS, n. ^'eglect of the prevailing 
mode ; deviation from I'eigUing custom. Locke. 

UN-FASH'ION-A-BLY, awv. Not according to the fashion. 

UN-FAS iriONED, a. Not modified by art ; amorphous ; 
shapeless ; not having a regular form. Dryden. 

UN-FAST', a. Not safe ; not secure. 

UN-FAST'EN, v. t. To locse ; to anfix ; to unbind ; to un- 
tie. 

UN-FAST'ENED, pp. Loosed ; untied ; unfixed. 

UN-FA'THERED, a. Fatherless;. Skak. 

UN-FA'THER-LY, a. Not becoming a father ; unkind. 

UN-FATH'6M-A-bLE, a. I. That cannot be sounded by a 
line. 2. So deep or remote that limit or extent cannot be 
found. 

UN-FATH'6M- A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being unfath- 
omable. JVorris. 

UN-FATH 6M-A BLY, adv. So as not to be capable of be- 
ing sounded. Thomson. 

UN-FATH'6MED, a. Not sounded ; not to be sounded. 

UN-FA-TiGUED', (un-fa-teegd') a. Not wearied; not 
tired. Philips 

UN-FAULT'Y, a. Free from fault ; innocent. Milton. 

UN-Fa'VOR-A-BLE, a. 1. Not favorable ; not propitious ; 
not disposed or adapted to countenance or support. 2. Not 
propitious ; not adapted to promote any object. 3. Not 
kind ; not obliging. 4. Discouraging. 

UN-FA'VOR- A-BLE-NESS, n. Unpropitiousness; unkind- 

ness ; want of disposition to countenance or promote. 
UN-FA'VOR-A-BLY, adv. Unpropitiously ; unkindly ; so 
as not to countenance, support or promote ; in a manner 
to discourage. 

UN-FA'VORED, a. Not favored ; not assisted. Goldsmith. 
UN-FeARED, a. 1. Not affrighted; not daunted; [obs.] 
B. .lonson. 2. Not feared ; not dreaded. Milton. 

UN-FkAS'I-BLE, a. Thctt cannot be done ; impracticable. 

UN-FE ATH'ERED, a. Having no feathers ; unfledged ; im- 
. plumous; naked of feathers. 
UN-FeAT'URED, a. Wanting regular features ; deformed. 



UNF 



UN-FED', a. Not fed ; not supplied with food. 

UN-FEED', a. 1. Not feed ; not retained by a fee 2. Un- 
paid. 

UN-FEEL'ING, a. 1. Insensible ; void of sensibility 2 
Cruel ; hard. 

UN-FEEL'ING-LY, adv. In an unfeeling or cruel manner 

UN-FEEL'ING-NESS, 71. Insensibility ; hardness of heart , 
cruelty. Darwin. 

UN-FEIGN'ED, (un-f^nd') a. Not feigned ; not counter 
feit ; not hypocritical ; real ; sincere. 

UN-FEIGN'ED-LY, adv. Without hypocrisy ; really ; sin- 
cerely. 

UN-FE-LIC'I-TA-TING, a. Not producing felicity. 

UN-FEL'LoWED, a. Not matched. 

UN-FELT', a. Not felt ; not perceived. Dryden. 

UN FENCE', (un-fens') v. t. To strip of fence ; to remove a 
fence from. South. 

UN-FEN'CED, pp. J. Deprived of a fence. 2. a. Not fen 
ced ; not inclosed ; defenseless. 

UN-FER-MENT'ED, a. 1. Not fermented ; not having un- 
dergone the process of fermentation. 2. Not leavened 

UN-FER'TILE, a. 1. Not fertile : not rich; not having the 
qualities necessary to the production of good crops. 2. 
Barren ; unfruitful ; bare ; waste. 3. Not prolific. 

UN-FET'TER, v. t. 1. To loose from fetters ; to unchain ; 
to unshackle. 2. To free from restraint ; to set at lib- 
erty. 

UN-FET'TERED, pp. 1. Unchained; unshackled, freed 
from restraint. 2. a. Not restrained. 

UN-FET'TER-ING, ppr. Unchaining; setting free from re- 
straint. 

UN-FIG'URED, a. Representing no animal form. TVotton. 

UN-FIL'IAL, a. Unsuitable to a son or child; undutiful ; 
not becoming a child. Shak. 

UN-FILL'ED, a. Not filled ; not fully supplied. Taylor. 

UN-FIN'ISHED, a. Not finished ; not complete ; not 
brouglit to an end ; imperfect ; wanting the last touch. 

UN-FlR'ED, a. Not fired ; not infiamed. 

UN-FiRM', a. 1. Not firm ; weak ; feeble ; infirm. 2. Not 
stable ; not well fixed ; as, with feet uufirm. Dryden. 

UN-HRM'NESS, 7i. A weak state ; instability. 

UN-FIT', a. 1. Not fit ; improper ; unsuitable. 2 Unqual- 
ified. 

UN^-FIT', V. t. 1. To disable ; to make unsuitable ; to deprive 
of the strength, skill or proper qualities for any thing. 2. 
To disqualify ; to deprive of the moral or mental qualities 
necessary for any thing. 

UN-FIT'LF, a(Zu. Not properly ; unsuitably. 

UN-FIT'NESS, 71. 1. Want of suitable powers or qualifica- 
tions, physical or moral. 2. Want of propriety or adapta- 
tion to character or place. 

UN-FIT'TED, pp. Rendered unsuitable ; disqualified. 

UN-FIT'TING, ppr. 1. Rend'ermg unsuitable ; disqualify- 
ing. 2. a. Improper; unbecoming. 

UN-FIX , V. t. 1. To loosen from any fastening ; to detach 
from any thing that holds ; to unsettle ; to unhinge. 2. 
To make fluid ; to dissolve. 

UN-FIX'ED, pp. 1. Unsettled ; loosened. 2. a. Wander- 
ing ; erratic; inconstant; having no settled habitation. 
3. Having no settled view or object of pursuit. 

UN-FIX'ING, ppr. Unsettling ; loosening. 

UN-FLAG'GING, a. Not flagging ; not dr.ioping ; raaintain- 
in2 strength or spirit. South. 

UN-FLAT'TERED, a. Not flattered. Young. 

UN-FLAT'TER-ING, a. Not flattering ; not gratifying with 
obsequious behavior ; not coloring the truth to please. 2. 
Not affording a favorable prospect. 

UN-FLED'GED, a. 1. Not yet furnished with feathers ; im- 
plumous. 2. Young ; not having attained to full growth. 

UN-FLESH'ED, a. Not fleshed ; not seasoned to blood , 
raw. 

UN-FOIL'ED, a. Not vanquished ; not defeated. Temple. 

UN-FoLD', v. t. 1. To open folds ; to expand ; to spread 
out. 2. To open any thing covered or close ; to lay open 
to view or contemplation ; to disclose ; to reveal. 3. To 
declare ; to tell ; to disclose. 4. To display. 5, To re- 
lease from a fold or pen. 

UN-FoLD'ED, pp. Opened ; expanded ; revealed ; display- 
ed ; released from a fold. 

UN-F6LD'ING, ppr. Opening ; expanding ; disclosing ; dis- 
playing ; releasing from a fold. 

UN-FoLD'ING, 71. The act of expandmg, displaying or dis 
closing ; disclosure. 

t UN-FOOL', V. t. To restore from folly. 

UN-FOR-BEAR'ING, a. Not forbearing. 

UN-FOR-BID', ) a. 1. Not forbid ; not prohibited. 2 

UN-FOR-BID'DEN, \ Allowed ; permitted ; legal. 

fUN-FOR-BlD'DEN-NESS, n. The state of being unfor- 
bidden. Boyle. 
UN-FoR'CED, a. 1. Not forced ; not compelled ; not con- 
strained. 2. Not urged or impelled. 3. Not feigned ; not 
heightened ; natural. 4. Not violent ; easy ; gradual. 5 
Easv ; natural. 
UN-FoR'CI-BLE, a. Wanting force or strength. 



* 8?a Synopsis A, E, T, O, U, T, Zong-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— I'RgY ,— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— j Obsolete 



UNG 



879 



UNG 



CjN-FoRD'A-BLE, a. Not fordable j that cannot be forded, 
or passed by wading. Whitaker. 

UN-FORE-BoD'ING, a. Giving no omens. Pope. 

UN-FORE-KNoWN', a. Not previously known or fore- 
seen. 

t UN-FORE-SEE' A-BLE, a. That cannot be foreseen. 

UN-FORE-SEEN', a. Not foreseen ; not foreknown. Dry- 
den. 

UN-FoRE'SKINNED, a. Circumcised. IBadA Milton. 

UN-FORE-ToLD', a. Not predicted. 

UN-FORE-WARN'ED, a. Not previously warned. 

UN-FOR'FElt-ED, a. Not forfeited. Rogers. 

UN-FOR-GIV'EN, a. Not forgiven ; not pardoned. 

UN-FOR-GIV'ING, a. Not forgiving ; not disposed to over- 
look or pardon offenses ; implacable. Dryden. 

UN-FOR-GOT', la. 1. Not forgot; not lost to mem- 

ITN-FOR-GOT'TEN, I ory. 2. Not overlooked ; not neg- 
lected. 

UN-FORM', V. t. To destroy ; to unmake ; to decompose or 
resolve into parts. Oood. 

UN-FORM'ED, a. Not molded into regular shape. 

UN-FOR-SaK'EN, a. Not forsaken ; not deserted ; not en- 
tirely neglected. 

TIN-FOR'TI-FlED, a. 1. Not fortified ; not secured from at- 
tack by walls or moui.ds. 2. Not guarded ; not strength- 
ened against temptations or trials ; weak ; exposed ; de- 
fenseless. 3. Wanting securities or means of defense. 

UN-F(..RT'U-NAT£, a. Not successful ; not prosperous. 

UN-FORT'U-NATE-LY, adv. Without success 3 unhap- 
pily- 

UN-FORT'U-NATE-NESS, n. Ill luck ; ill fortune ; failure 
of success. Sidney. 

UN-FOS'TERED, a. 1. Not fostered; not nourshed, 2. 
Not countenanced by favor ; not patronized, 

UN-FOUGHT', (un-fawf) a. Not fought. KnoUe^. 

UN-FOUL'ED, a. Not fouled ; not polluted ; not soiled ; not 
corrupted ; pure. Young. 

UN-FOUND', a. Not found ; not met with. Dryden. 

UN-FOUND'ED, a. 1. Not founded ; not built or establish- 
ed. 2. Having no foundation ; vain ; idle. 

t UN-FR AM' A-BLE, a. Not to be framed or molded. 

f UN-FRaM'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of not bein^ 
frainable. Sanderson. 

UN-FRa M'ED, a. 1. Not framed ; not fitted for erection. 
2. Not fcrmed ; not constructed ; not fashioned. 

UN-FRA-TERN'AL, a. Not brotherly. 

UN-FREE', a. Not free ; as, unfree peasants. Tooke. 

UN-FRE'aUEN-CY, n. The state of being unfrequent. 

UN-FRE'aUENT, a. Not frequent ; not common ; not hap- 
pening_often ; infrequent. Brown. 

fUN-FRE'aUENT, [See *FRE(iUENT.] v.t. To cease to 
frequejit. 

UN-FRE'aUENT-ED, a. Rarely visited ; seldom resorted 
to by human beings. .Addison. 

UN-FRE'aUENT-LY, ado. Not often ; seldom. Brown. 

UN-FRi' A-BLE, a. Not easily crumbled. Paley. 

UN-FRIENDED, (un-frended) a. Wanting friends; not 
countenanced or supported. Shak. 

UN-FRIEND'LI-NESS, n. Want of kindness ; disfavor. 

UN-FRIEND'LY, a. 1. Not friendly ; not kind or benevo- 
lent. 2. Not favorable ; not adapted to promote or sup- 
port any object. 

UN-FROeK', V. t. To divest. ITurd. 

UN-FRo'ZEN, a. Not frozen ; not congealed. Boyle. 

UN-FRU'GAL, a. Not frugal ; not saving or economical. 

UN-FRuIT'FUL, a. 1. Not producing fruit; barren. 2. 
Not producing offspring; not prolific; barren 3. Not 
producing good effects or works. 4. Unproductive ; not 
fertile. 

UN-FRuIT'FUL-NESS, 71. Barrenness; infecundity; un- 
productiveness ; applied to pennons or things. 

UN-FRUS'TRA-BLE, a. That cannot be frustrated. 

UN-FI_JL-FILL'ED, a. Not fulfilled ; not accomplished. 

UN-FuM'ED,a. 1. Not fumigated. 2. Not exhaUngsmoke ; 
not burnt. Milton. 

UN-FUND'ED, a. Not funded ; having no permanent funds 
for the payment of its interest 

UN-FURL', V. t. To loose and unfold ; to expand ; to open 
or spread ; as, to unfurl sails. 

UN-FURL'ED, yp. Unfolded ; expanded. 

UN-FURL'ING,;)pr. Unfolding; spreading. 

UN-FUR'NISH, V. t. 1. To strip of furniture 3 to divest ; to 
strip. 2. To leave naked. 

UN-FUR'NISHED, ff. I. Not furnished ; not supplied with 
furniture. 2. Unsupplied with necessaries or ornaments. 
3. Emptv ; not supplied. 

UN-FuS'ED, a. Not fused ; not melted. 

UN-FUS'T-BLE, a. Infusible. 

UN-GaIN'A-BLE, a. That cannot be gained. [Little used.] 
Pierce 

UN-GAIN'FUL, a. Unprofitable ; not producing gain. 

LN-GaIN'LY, a. [Sax. M7i 0-68 o-nc] Not expert or dextrous ; 
clumsy ; awkward ; uncouth. Swift. 

UN-GALL'ED, a. Unhurt ; not galled. Shak. 



UN-GAR'NISHED, a. Not garnished or furnished ; una 
domed. 

UN-GAR'RI-SONED, a. Not garrisoned; not furnished 
with troops for defense. 

UN-GaR'TERED, a. Being without garters. Shak 

UN-GATH'ERED, a. Not gathered ; not cropped. 

UN-GeAR', v. t. To unharness ; to strip of gear. 

UN-GeAR'ED, pp. Unharnessed. 

UN-GeAR'ING, ppr. Stripping of harness or gear. 

UN-GEN'ER-A-TED, a. Having no begmuing ; unbegot- 
ten. 

UN-6EN'ER-A-TlVE, a. Begetting nothing. Shak. 

UN-6EN'ER-OUS, a 1 Not of a noble mind ; not liberal 
2. Not noble ; not liberal. 3. Dishonorable ; ignomini 
ous. 

UN-dEN'ER-OUS-LY, adv. Unkindly; dishonorably. 

UN-Ge'NI-AL, a. Not favorable to nature or to natural 
growth. 

UN-GEN-TEEL', a. Not genteel ; not consistent with polite 
manners or good breeding. 

UN-GEN-TEEL'LY, adv. Uncivilly ; not with good man- 
ners. 

UN-GEN'TLE, a. Not gentle ; harsh ; rude. Shak. 

UN-6EN'TLE-MAN-LlKE, a. Not like a gentleman. 

UN-GEN'TLE-MAN-LY, a. Not becoming a gentleman. 

UN-GEN'TLE-NESS, n. 1. Want of gentleness; harsh- 
ness; severity; rudeness. 2. Unkindness ; incivility. 

UN-GEN'TLY, adv. Harshly ; with severity ; rudely. 

UN-GE-O-MET'RI-CAL, a. Not agreeable to the rules of 
geometry. Cheyne. 

UN-GIFT'ED, a. Not gifted ; not endowed with peculiar 
faculties. Arbuthnot. 

UN-GILT'f^' j ^- ^'°* silt; not overlaid with gold. 

UN-GiRD', V. t. To loose from a girdle or band ; to unbind 
Gen. xxiv. 

UN-GtRD'ED, pp. Loosed from a girth or band. 

UN-GiRD'ING, ppr. Loosing from a girdle or band. 

UN-GiRT', pp. 1. Unbound- 2. a. Loosely dressed. 

UN-GIVING, a. Not bringinji gifts. Dryden. 

UN-GLaZ'ED, a. 1. Not fartiished with glass. 2. Want 
ing glass windows. 3. N >t covered with vitreous mat 
ter. 

UN-GLo'RI-FlED, a. Not glorified; not honored with 
praiseor adoration. 

UN-GL(yRI-OUS, a. Not glorious ; bringing no glory. 

t UN-GLoVE', -u. f . To take off the gloves. Beaumont. 

UN-GLoV'ED, a. Having the hand naked. [L.u,] Bacon. 

UN-GLuE', V. t To separate any thing that is glued. 

UN-G^.U'ED, pp. Loosed from glue or cement. 

UN-GLU'ING, ppr. Separating what is cemented 

UN-GOD', V. t. To divest of divinity. Dryden. 

UN-GOD'LI-LY, adv. Impiously ; wickedly. 

UN-GOD'LI-NESS, w. Impiety; wickedness; disregard of 
God and his commands, and neglect of his worship ; or 
any positive act of disobedience or irreverence. 

UN-GOD'LY, a. 1. Wicked ; impious ; neglecting the fear 
and worship of God, or violating his commands. 1 Pet. iv 
2. Sinful; contrary to the divine commands. 3. Polluted 
by v^ickedness. 

UN-GoR'ED, a. 1. Not gored , not wounded with a horn. 
2. Not wounded. 

UN-GOR6'ED, a. Not gorged , not filled ; not sated. 

UN-GOT', I a 1. Not gained. 2. Not begotten 

UN-GOT'TEN, \ Shak. 

UN-G6V'ERN-A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be governed ; 
that cannot be ruled or restrained. 2. Licentious ; wild ; 
unbridled. 

UN-Go V'ERN-A-BLY, adv. So as not to be governed or 
restrained. Goldsmith. 

UN-GoV'ERNED, a. 1. Not being governed. 2. Not sub- 
jected to laws or principles ; not restrained or regulated ; 
unbridled ; licentious. 

UN-GOWN'ED, a. Not having or not wearing a gown. 

UN-GRaCE'FUL, a. Not graceful ; not marked with ease 
and dignity ; 'wanting beauty and elegance. 

UN-GRaCE'FUL-LY, adv. Awkwardly ; inelegantly. 

UN-GRaCE'FUL-NESS, n. Want of gracefulness ; want 
of ease and dignity ; want of elegance ; awkwardness. 

UN-GRa'CIGUS, a. 1. Wicked; odious; hateful. 2. Of- 
fensive ; unpleasing. 3. Unacceptable ; not well receiv- 
ed ; not favored. 

UN-GRa'CIOUS-LY, adv. 1. With disfavor. 2. Not in a 
pleasing manner. 

UN-GRAM-MAT'I-€AL, a. Not according to the establish- 
ed and correct rules of grammar. 

UN-GRAM- MAT'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a manner contrary to 
the rules of grammar. 

UN-GRANT'ED, a. 1. Not granted; not bestowed, not 
transferred by deed or gift. Hamilton. 2. Not granted ; 
not yielded ; not conceded in argument. 

t UN-GRaTE', a. Not agreeable ; ungrateful. Swift. 

UN-GRaTE'FUL, a. 1. Not gratefui ; not feeling thankM 
for favors. 2.' Not making returnt', or mak.\jg iu returns, 



» See Synopsis MOVE- BOO-K DiVE ;— BULL UNITE. -€ as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SK ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



UNH 



880 



UNH 



ror kindness, 3 Making no returns for culture. 4. Un- 
pieasing ; unacceptable. 

irjV-GRATE'FUI^LY, a(f?;. 1. With ingratitude. Wake. 2. 
Unplea-singly ; unacceptably 

UN-^RaTE FUL-NESS, n. 1. Ingratitude ; want of due 
eelings of kinUness for favors received ; ill return for 
good. 2. Dj'agreeableness ; unpleasing quality. 

UN-GRAT'I-FlED, a. 1 Not gratified ; not compensated. 
2. Not pleased. 3. Not indulged. 

IJN-GRaVE'LY, adv. Without gravity or seriousness. 

UN-GROUNDED, a. Having no foundation or support. 

UN-GROUND'ED-LY, adv. Without ground or support ; 
without reason. Ray. 

UN-GR0UND'£D-NESS, n. Want of foundation or sup- 
port. 

UN-GRUD'6ING, a. Not grudging ; freely giving. 

TJN-GRUD'GING-LY, adv. Without ill will j heartily 5 
cheerfully. 

UN-GUARD'ED, a. 1. Not guarded j not watched. 2. Not 
defended ; having no guard. 3. Careless ; negligent ; not 
attentive to danger ; not cautious. 4. Negligently said or 
done ; not donf. or spoken with caution. 

PN-GUaRD'ED-LY, ado. Without watchful attention to 
danger ; without caution ; carelessly. 

UNGUENT, 71. [L. unguentum.] Ointment ; a soft com- 
position used as a topic'alrenjedy, as for sores, burns and 
the like. 

UN-GUENTOUS, a. Like unguent, or partaking of its 
qualities. 

CN-GUESS'ED, a Not obtained by guess or conjecture. 

UN-GUEST'LIKE, a. Not becoming a guest. Milton. 

UN-GUI€'U-LAR, a. [L. v,nguis.] In botamj, of the length 
of the human nails, or half an inch. 

UN-GUI€ U-LATE, ( a. [L.. wiguis.] 1. Clawed ; hav- 

UN-GUI€'U-LA-TED, \ ing claws.— 2. In botamj, clawed ; 
having a narrow base ; as the petal in a polypetalous corol. 

UN-GUID ED, a. 1. Not guided 5 not led or conducted. 2. 
Not regulated. 

UN-GUiLT'Y, (un-gilt'y) a. Not guilty ; not stained with 
crime ; innocent. Spenser. 

UN'GUIN-OUS, a. [L. unguinosus.] Oily ; unctuous ; con- 
sisting of fat or oil, or resembling it. Forster. 

UN'GU-LA, n. [L.] In geometry, a section or part of a 
cylinder, cut off by a plane oblique to the base. 

UN'GU-LATE, a. Shaped like a hoof. 

UN-HAB'IT-A-BLE, a. [Fr. inhabitable : L. inhabitabilis.] 
That cannot be inhabited by human beings ; uninhabita- 
ble. 

UN-HA-BIT'U-A-TED, a. Not habituated ; not accustomed. 

UN-HA€K'ED, a. Not hacked ; not cut, notched or man- 
gled. 

UN-HACK'NEYED, a. Not hackneyed ; not much used or 
practiced. 

UN-HALE', a. Unsound ; not entire ; not healthy. 

UN-HAL'LoW, V. t To profane ; to desecrate. 

UN-HAL'LoWED, p;). 1. Profaned; deprived of its sacred 
character. 2. a. Profane ; unholy ; impure ; wicked. 

UN-HAND', V. t. To loose from tlie hand ; to let go. 

UN-HANDT-LY', adv. Awkwardly; clumsily. 

UN-HAND'I-NESS, n. Want of dexterity ; clumsiness. 

JN-HAN'DLED, a. Not handled; not treated ; not touched. 

UN-HAND'SOxME, a. 1. Ungraceful; not beautiful. 2. 
Unfair; illiberal; disingenuous. 3. Uncivil; unpolite. 

UN-HAND'SOME-LY, adv. 1. Inelegantly ; ungracefully. 
2. Illiberally ; unfairly. 3, Uncivilly ; unpolitely. 

UN-HAND'S6ME-NESS, n. 1. Want of beauty and ele- 
gance. 2. Unfairness; disingeuuousness. 3. Incivility. 

UN-HAND'Y, a. 1. Not dextrous ; not skillful ; not ready 
in the use of the hands ; awkwara. 2. Not conven- 
ient. 

UN-HANG', V. t. 1. To divest or strip of hangings, as a 
room. 2. To take from the hinges. 

UN-HANG'ED, or UN-HUNG', a. Not hung upon a gal- 
lows ; not punished by hanging. Sliak. 

t UN-HAP', rt. Ill luck; misfortune. Sidney. 

t UN-HAP'PIED, a. Made unhappy. Shak. 

UN-HAP'PI-LY'', adv. Unfortunately ; miserably ; calami- 
tously. 

UN-HAP'PI-NESS, n. 1. Misfortune ; ill luck. 2. Infeli- 
citv ; misery. 3. Mischievous prank ; [obs.] Skak. 

UN-HAP'PY, a. 1. Unfortunate; unlucky. 2. Not happy; 
in a degree miserable or wretctied. 3. Evil; calamitous; 
marked bv infelicity. 4. Mischievous ; irregular. 

UN-HAR'ASSED, a. Not harassed ; not vexed. 

UN-HaR'BOR, v. t. To drive from harbor or shelter. 

UN-HaR'BORED, a. Not sheltered, or affording no shelter. 
Milton. 

UN-HARD'ENED, a. 1. Not hardened ; not indurated ; as 
Tietal. 2. Not hardened ; not made obdurate. 

UN-HaRD'Y, a. 1. Not hardy ; feeble ; not able to endure 
fatigue. 2. Not having fortitude ; not bold ; timorous. 

UN-HaRM'ED, a. Unhurt ; uninjured ; unimpaired. 

UN-HARM'FUL, a. Not doing harm ; harmless ; innoxious. 

UN-HAR-Mo'NI-OUS, a. 1. Not having symmetry or con- 



gruity; disproportionate. 2. Discordant 5 unmusical. 
jariing. 
UN-HAR-Mo'NI-t)US-LY, adc. With jarring; discordant 

ly. 

UN-HAR'NESS, v. t. 1. To strip of harness ; to loose from 
harness or gear. 2. To disarm ; to divest of armor. 

UN-HATCH'£D, a. 1. Not hatched ; not having left the 
egg. 2. Not matured and brought to light ; not disclosed. 

UN-HAZ'ARD-ED, a. Not hazarded ; not put in danger ; 
not exposed to loss ; not adventured. Milton. 

UN-HEAD', (un-hed') v. t. To take out the head of. 

UN-HEAD'ED, (un-hed'ed) pp. Having the head taken out. 

UN-HEADING, (un-hed ing) ppr. Taking out the head of. 

UN-HEALTH'FUL, (un-helthful) a. 1. Not healthful ; in- 
jurious to health ; insalubrious ; unwholesome 5 noxious 
2. Abounding with sickness or disease ; sickly. 

UN-HEALTH'FUL-NESS, (un-helth'ful-nes) ?i. 1. Un 
wholesomeness ; insalubriousness ; noxiousness to health 

2. Th-e state of being sickly. 
UN-HEALTH'I-LY, (un-hellh'e-ly) adv. In an unwhole- 
some or unsound manner. Milton. 

UN-HEALTH'I-NESS, (un-helth e-nes) n. 1. Want of 
health ; habitual weakness or indisposition. 2. Unsound- 
ness ; want of vigor. 3. Unfavorableness to health. 

UN-HEALTH'Y, (un-helth'y) a. 1. Wanting health ; want- 
ing a sound and vigorous state of body ; habitually weak 
or indisposed. 2. Unsound ; wanting vigor of growth 

3. Sickly ; abounding with disease. 4. Insalubrious ; 
unwholesome ; adapted to generate diseases. 5. Morbid ; 
not indicating health. 

UN-HEARD', (un-hS5rd', or un-herd') [See * Heaed.] a. 1. 

Not heard ; not perceived by the ear. 2. Not admitted to 

audience. 3. Not known in fame ; not celebrated. 4. 

Unheard of; obscure ; not known by fame. — Unheard of 

new ; unprecedented. Swift 
t UN-HEART', V. t. To discourage ; to depress ; to dis- 
hearten. Shak. 
UN-HeAT'ED, a. Not heated ; not made hot. Boyle. 
UN-HED'GED, a. Not hedged ; not surrounded by a hedge 
UN-HEED'ED, a. Not heeded ; disregarded ; neglected. 
UN-HEED'FUL, a. Not cautious ; inattentive ; careless. 
UN-HEED'ING, a. Not heeding ; careless ; negligent 

Dryden. 
UN-HEED'Y, a. Precipitate ; sudden. Spenser. 
t UN-HeLE*, v. t. To uncover. Spenser. 
UN-HELM'ED, a. Having no helm. Pollok. 
UN-HELP'ED, a. Unassisted ; having no aid or auxiliary ; 

unsupported. Dryden. 
UN-HEL?'FUL, a. Affording no aid. Shak. 
UN-HES'I-T'A-TING, a. Not hesitating; not remaining In 

doubt ; prompt ; ready. Eclec. Review. 
UN-HES'1-TA-TING-LY, adv. Without hesitation or doubt 
UN-HEWN', a. Not hewn; rough. Dryden. 
t UN-HiDE'BOUND, a. Lax of maw ; capacious. Milton. 
UN-HIN'DERED, a. Not hindered ; not opposed. 
UN-HINgE', (un-hinj') v. t. 1. To take from the hinges 

2. To displace ; to unfix by violence. 3. To unfix ; to 

looseji ; to render unstable or wavering. 
UN-HoARD', V. t. To steal from a hoard ; to scatter. 
UN-Ho'LI-NESS,w. 1. Want of holiness; an unsanctified 

state_of the heart. 2. Impiety ; wickedness ; profaneness 
UN-Ho'LY, a. 1. Not holy ; not renewed and sanctified 

2 Tim. iii. 2. Profane ; not hallowed ; not consecrated , 

common. Heb. x. 3. Impious; wicked. 4. Not ceremo- 
nially purified. Lev. x. 
tUN-HON'EST, (un-on'est) a. Dishonest; dishonorable. 
UN-HON'ORED, (un-on'urd) a. Not honored ; not regarded 

with veneration ; not celebrated. Dryden. 
UN-HOOK', V. t. To loose from a hook. 
UN-HOOP', V. t. To strip of hoops. Addison. 
UN-H6P'ED, a. Not hoped for ; not so probable as to excite 

hope^ Dryden. — Unhopedfor, unhoped, as above. 
UN-HoPE'FUL, a. Such as leaves no room to hope. Boyle. 
UN-HORN'ED, a. Having no horns. Tooke. 
UN-HORSE', V. t. To throw from a horse ; to cause to 

dismount. Shak. 
UN-HORS'ED, p;>. Thrown from a horse. Dryden. 
UN-HORS'ING,p77r. Throwing from a horse ; dismounting. 
UN-HOS'PI-TA-BLE, a. Not kind to strangers. 
UN-HOS'TlLE, a. Not belonging to a public enemy. 
UN-HOUSE , V. t. 1. To drive from the house or habitation . 

to dislodge. 2. To deprive of shelter. 
UN-HOUSED,;?;). 1. Driven from a house or habitation. 

2. a. Wanting a house ; homeless. 3. Having no settled 

habitation. 4. Destitute of shelter or cover. 
UN-HOUS'ELED, a. Not having received the sacrament. 

Sliak^ 
UN-Hu'MAN,^. Inhuman. [But inhuman is the word used.] 
UN-Hu'MAN-iZE, v. t. To render inhuman or barbarous. 

J. Barlow. 
UN-HUM'BLED, a. 1. Not humbled; not affected with 

shame or confusion ; not contrite in spirit. — 2. In theology, 

not liaving the will, and the natural enmity of the heart tc 

God and his law, subdued. 



• Set 



E, T. O, U ^. long —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY •,— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete 



UNI 



88J 



UNI 



tJN-HURT', a. Not hurt ; not harmed ; free from injury. 
[JN-HURT'FIIL, a. Not hurtful ; harmless ; innoxious. 
UN-HUKT'FjJL-LY, adv. Without harm ; harmlessly. 
UN-HUS'BAND-ED, a. 1. Deprived of support ; neglected. 

2. Not managed with frugality. 
UN-HUSK'ED, a. Not being stripped of husks. 
IJ-NI-€AP'SU-LAR, a. [L. unus and capsula.] Having one 

capsule to each flower, as a pericarp. 
U'JNri-€ORN, n. [L, unicornis.] 1. An animal with one 
horn ; the monoceros. This name is often applied to the 
rhinoceros. 2. Tlie sea-unicorn is a fish of the whale 
kind, called narwal, remarkable for a horn growing out 
at his nose. 3. A fowl 

IJ-NI-€0RN'0US, a. Having only one horn. Brown. 

UN-I-De'AL, a. Not ideal ; real. Johnson. 

U-NIF'LO-ROUS, a. [L. tmus and^os.] Bearing one flow- 
er only ; as, a uniflorous peduncle. Martyn. 

D'NI-FORM, a. [L. uniformis.'] 1. Having always the 
same form or manner : not variable. 3. Consistent with 
itself 5 not different. 3. Of the same form with others ; 
consonant ; agreeing with each other ; conforming to one 
rule or mode. 4. Having the same degree or state. 

UNI-FORM, n. The particular dress of soldiers, by which 
one regiment or company is distinguished from another, 
or a soldier from another person. 

U-NI-FORM'I-TY, n. 1. Resemblance to itself at all times j 
even tenor. 2. Consistency ; sameness. 3. Conformity 
to a pattern or ru^e ; resemblance, consonance or agree- 
ment. 4. Similitude between the parts of a whole. 5. 
Continued or unvaried sameness or likeness. — Act of uni- 
formity, in England, tne act of parliament by which the 
form of public prayers, administration of sacraments and 
other rites, is prescribed to be observed in all tlie churches. 
1 Eliz. and 13 and 14 Car. II. 

U'NI-FORM-LY, adij. 1. With even tenor 5 without varia- 
tion. 2. Without diversity of one from another. 

U-NI-GEN'I-TURE, n. | L. unigenxtus.] The state of being 
the only begotten. 

U-NI6'EN-0US, a. [1,. unigena.] Of one kind ; of the 
same genus. Kirwan. 

D NI-La'BI-ATE, a. In botany, having one lip only. 

U-NI-LAT'ER-AL, a. [L. unus and latus.] 1. Being on 
one side or party only. 2. Having one side. 

D-NI-LIT'ER-AL, a. [L nnus and litera, letter.] Consist- 
ing of one letter only. 

UN-IL-Lu'MI-NA-TED, a. 1. Not illuminated ; not enlight- 
ened ; dark. 2. Ignorant. 

UN-IL-LUS'TRA-TED, a. Not illustrated ; not made plain. 

U-NI-LOCU-LAR, a, [L. unus and loculus ] Having one 
cell only ; as, a unilocular pericarp. 

UN-IM-AG'IN-A-BLE, .' Not to be imagined ; not to be 
conceived. Tillotson. 

UN-IM-Afi'IN-A-BLY, adv. To a degree not to be imag- 
ined. 

UN-IM-A6'INED, a. Not imagined ; not conceived 

UN-IM-Bu'ED, a. Not imbued ; not tinctured. 

UN-IM'I-TA-BLE, a. That cannot be imitated. 

UN-IM'I-TA-TED, a. Not imitated. Johnson. 

UN-IM-MOR'TAL, a. Not immortal ; perishable 

UN-IM-PAIR'A-BLE, a. Not liable to waste or diminution. 

UN-IIVI-PAIR'ED, a. Not impaired ; not diminished ; not 
enfeebled by time or injury. 

UN-IM-PAS'SIONED, (un-im-pash'und) a. 1. Not endowed 
with passions. Thomson. 2. Free from passion ; calm ; 
not violent. 

UN-IM-PkACH'A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be impeached; 
that cannot be accused ; free from stain, guilt or fault. 
2. That_cannot be called in question. 

UN-IM-PkACH'ED, a. 1. Not impeached ; not charged or 
accusedj fair. 2. Not called in question. 

UN-IM-PeD'ED, a. Not impeded ; not hindered. Rawle. 

UN-IMTLI-CA-TED, a. Not implicated ; not involved. 

UN-IM-PLi'ED, a. Not implied ; not included by fair infer- 
ence. Madison. 

UN-IM-PLoR'ED, a. Not implored ; not solicited. 

UN-IM-PORT'ANT, a. 1, Not important ; not of great mo- 
ment. 2. Not assuming airs of dignity 

UN-IM-POR-TuN'ED, a. Not nuportuned ; not solicited. 

UN-IM-PoS'ING, a. 1. Not imposing ; not commanding 
respect. 2. Not enjoining as obligatory ; voluntary. 

UN-IM-PREG'NA-TED, a. Not impregnated. 

UN-IM-PRESS'IVE, a. Not impressive ; not forcible ; not 
adapted to affect or awaken the passions. Beddoes. 

UN-IiM-PRoV'A-BLE, a. 1. Not capable of improvement, 
melioration or advancement to a better condition. 2. In- 
capable of being cultivated or tilled. 

UN-IM-PR<^V'A-BLE-NESS, ?i. The quality of being not 
improvable. Hammond. 

UN-IM-PRGV'ED, a. 1. Not improved ; not made better or 
wiser ; not advanced in knowledge, manners or excel- 
lence. 2. Not used for a valuable purpose. 3. Not used ; 
not employed. Hamilton. 4. Not tilled ; not cultivated ; 
as, unimproved land or soil. Franklin. 5. Uncensured ; 
not disapproved ; [ohs.'] 



UN-IM-PRCV'ING, a. Not improving 3 not tending to ad- 
vance or instruct. Johnson. 

UN-IM-Pu'TA-BLE, a. Not imputable or chargeable to 

UN-IN-CHANT'ED, a. Not enchanted ; not affected by 
magic or enchantment; not haunted. 

t UN-IN-€ReAS'A-BLE, a. Admitting no increase. 

UN-IN-€UM'BERED, a. 1. Not incumbered ; not burdened. 
2. Free from any temporary estate or interest, or from 
mortgage, or other charge or debt. 

UN-IN-DEBT'ED, a. 1. NoMndebted. 2. Notborrowed. 

UN-IN-DIF'FER-ENT, a. Not indifferent ; not unbiased ; 
partial ; leaning to one party. Hooker. 

UN-IN-DORS'ED, a. Not indorsed ; not assigned. 

UN-IN-DUS'TRI-OUS, a. Not industrious ; not diligent in 
labor, study or other pursuit. Decay of Piety. 

UN-IN-FE€T'ED, a. 1. Not infected ; not contaminated or 
affected by foul, infectious air. 2. Not corrupted. 

UN-IN-FE€'TIOUS, a. Not infectious ; not foul ; not ca- 
pable of communicating disease. 

UN-IN-FLaM'ED, a. 1. Not inflamed ; not set on fire. Ba 
con. 2. Not highly provoked. 

UN-IN-FLAM'MA-BLE, a. Not inflammable ; not capable of 
being set on fire. Bo-yle. 

UN-IN'FLU-ENCED, a 1. Not influenced ; not persuaded 
or moved by others, or by foreign considerations ; not bi- 
ased ; acting freely. 2. Not proceeding from influence, 
bias or prejudice. 

UN-IN-FORM'ED, a. 1. Not informed ; not instructed ; 
untaught. 2. Unanimated ; not enlivened, 

UN-IN-FORM'ING, a. Not furnishing information ; unin- 
structive. Mitford. 

UN-IN-GE'NI-OUS, a. Not ingenious ; dull. Burke. 

UN-IN-6EN'U-0US, a. Not ingenuous ; not frank or can- 
did ; disingenuous. Dezay of Piety. 

UN-IN-HAB'IT-A-BLE, a. Not inhabitable ; that in which 
men cannot live ; unfit to be the residence of men. 

UN-IN-HAB'IT-A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being unin- 
habitable. 

UN-IN-HAB'IT-ED, a. Not inhabited by men ; having no 
inhabitants. Swift. 

UN-IN-I"TIA-TED, a. Not initiated. 

UN-INJURED, a. Not injured ; not hurt ; suffering no 
harm. 

UN-IN-aUIS'I-TiVE, a. Not inquisitive ; not curious to 
search andinquire. Warton. 

UN-IN-S€RlB'ED, a. Not inscribed ; having no inscription. 

UN-IN-SPlR'ED, a. Not having received any supernatural 
instruction or illumination. Locke. 

UN-IN-STRUCT'ED, a. 1. Not instructed or taught ; not 
educated. 2. Not directed by superior authority; not 
furnished with instructions. 

UN-IN-STRU€T'IVE, a. Not instructive ; not conferring 
improvement. Addison. 

UN-IN'SU-LA-TED, a. Not insulated ; not being separated 
or detaclied from every thing else. Ure. 

UN-IN-SuR'ED, (un-in-shurd') a. Not insured; not assured 



UN-IN-TEL'LI-GENT, a. 1. Not having reason or con- 
sciousness ; not possessing understanding. 2. Not know- 
ing ; not skillful ; dull. 

UN-IN-TEL'LI-GI-BLE-NESS, I n. The quality of being 

UN-IN-TEL-LI-6I-BIL'I-TY, \ not intelligible. Bur- 
net. 

UN-IN-TEL'LI-6I-BLE, a. Not mtelligible ; that cannot 
be understood. Sicift. 

UN-IN-TEL'LI-6I-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be un- 
derstood. 

UN-IN-TEND'ED, a. Not intended ; not designed. 

UN-IN-TEN'TION-AL, a. Not intentional ; not designed j 
done or happening without design. Boyle. 

UN-IN-1'EN'TION-AL-LY, adv. Without design or pur- 
pose. 

UN-IN'TER-EST-ED, a. 1. Not interested; not having 
any interest or property in ; having nothing at stake. 2 
Not having the mind or the passions engaged. 

UN-IN'TER-EST-ING, a. Not capable of exciting an inter- 
est, or of eng<aging the mind or passions. 

UN-IN-TER-MIS'SIOxV, 11. Defect or failure of intermission. 

UN-IN-TER-MIT'TED, a. Not intermitted; not interrupt- 
ed ; not suspended for a time ; continue'd. Hale. 

UN-IN-TER-MIT'TING, a. Not intermitting ; not ceasing 
for a time ; continuing. 

UN-IN-TER-MIT'TING-LY, adv. Without cessation ; con- 
tinually. Mitford. 

UN-IN-TER-MIX'ED, a. Not intermixed ; not mingled. 

UN-IN'TER-PO-LA-TED, a. [See * Interpolate.] Not 
interpolated ; not inserted at a time subsequent to the 
original writing. 

UN-IN-TER-RUPT'ED, a. 1. Not interrupted ; not broken. 
Addison. 2. Not disturbed by intrusion or avocation. 

UN-IN-TER-RUPT'ED-LY, adv. Without interruption; 
without disturbance. 

UN-IN-TRENCH'ED, a. Not intrenched ; not defended by 
intrenchments. Pope. 



* See Synopsis 



MOVE, BQOK, D6VE .;— BIJLL, UNITE — € as K ; 6 as J j S as Z ; CH as SH TUaain this 
56 



t Obaolett. 



UNI 



882 



UNK 



t (JN-IN'TRI-€A-TED, a. Not perplexed ; not intricate. 

UN-m-TRO-Du CED, a. Not introduced ; not properly 
conducted ; obtrusive. Young. 

UN-IN-uE.'ED, a. Not inured j not hardened by use or 
practice. Philips. 

UN-IN-VENT'ED, a. Not invented; not found out, JlfzZton. 

UN-IN-VEST'ED, a. 1. Not invested 3 notclotlied. 2. Not 
converted into some species of property less fleeting tlian 
money. 

UN-tN-VEST I-GA-BLE, a That cannot be investigated 
or searched out. Ray 

UN-IN-VID'I-OUS, a. Not invidious. 

UN-IN-VlT'ED, a. Not invited ; not requested ; not soli- 
cited 

U'NION. n [Fr. union ; It. unione ; L. unio.] 1. The act 
of joining two or more things into one, and thus fonning 
a compound body or a mixture ; or the junction or coalition 
of things thus united. Union differs from connection, as it 
implies the bodies to be in contact, without an intervening 
body ; whereas things may be connected by the interven- 
tion of a third body, as by a cord or chain. 2. Concord ; 
agreement and conjunction of mind, will, affections or 
interest. 3. The conjunction or united existence of spirit 
and matter. — 4. Among painters, a symmetry and agree- 
ment between the several parts of a painting. — 5. In ar- 
chitecture, harmony between the colors in the materials 
of a building. Cyc. — 6. In ecclesiastical affairs, the combi- 
ning or consolidating of two or more churches into one. 
7. States united. Thus the United States are sometimes 
called the Union. Hamilton. 8. [L. unio.] A pearl ; [obs.] 

U-NIP'A-EOUS, a. [li. unus and par io.] Producing one at 
a birth. Brown. 

U-NiaUE, (yu-neek') a. [Fr.] Sole ; without an equal ; 
without another cf the same kind known to exist. 

G-NI-Ra'DI-A-TED, a. Having one ray. Encyc. 

UN-IR'RI-TA-TED, a. 1. Not irritated ; not fretted. 2. Not 
provoked or angered. 

UN-IR'RI-TA-TING, a. 1. Not irritating or fretting. 2. Not 
provoking. 3. Not exciting. 

U'NI-SON, n. [L. vnus and sonus.] 1. In music, an accord- 
ance or coincidence of sounds. 2. A single, unvaried 
note. Pope —In. unison, in agreement ; in harmony. 

U'NI-SON, a Sounding alone. 

U-NIS'C-NANCE> n. Accordance of sounds. Cyc. 

U-NIS'0-NANT, a Being in unison ; having the same de- 
gree of gravity 01 acuteness. 

U-NIS'0-NOUS, a Being in unison. BzLsby. 

U'NIT, n. [L. w?izt.5, unitas.] 1. One; a word which de- 
notes a single thing or person ; the least whole number. 
— 2. In mathematics, any known determinate quantity, 
by the constant repetition of wliich any other quantity of 
the same kind is measured. D. Olmsted. 

[J-NI-Ta'RI-AN, n. [L. unitus, unus.] One who denies 
the doctrine of the Trinity, and ascribes divinity to God 
the Father only. 

D-NI-Ta'RI-AN, a. Pertaming to Unitarians, or to the doc- 
trine of the unity of the Godhead. 

U-NI-Ta'RI-AN-ISM, 71. The doctrines of Unitarians. 

U-NlTE', V. t. [L. unio, unitus ; Fr., Sp. unir ; It. M7U>e.] 
1. To put together or join two or more things, which 
make one compound or mixture. 2. To join ; to connect in 
a near relation or alliance. 3. To make to agree or be 
uniform. 4. To cause to adhere. 5 To join in interest 
or fellowship. Gen. xlix. 6. To tie ; to splice ; as, to 
wnite two cords or ropes. 7. To join in affection ; to make 
near. 

U-NiTE', r. i. 1. To join in an act ; to concur; to act in 
concert. 2. To coalesce ; to be cemented or consolidated ; 
to combine. 3. To grow together, as the parts of a wound. 
4. To coalesce, as sounds. 5. To be mixed. 

U-NiT'ED, pp. Joined ; made to agree ; cemented ; mixed ; 
attached by growth. 

U-NiT'ER. n. The person or thing that unites. 

U-NTT'ING, ppr. Joining : causing to agree ; consolidating ; 
coalescing ; growing together. 

t U-Nl"TION, n. Junction ; act of uniting. Wiseman. 

fU'NI-TlVE, a. Having the power of uniting. Morris. 

U NI-TY, n. [L. unitas.] 1. The state of being one ; one- 
ness 2. Concord ; conjunction. 3. Agreement ; uni- 
formity. — 4 In Christian theology, oneness of sentiment, 
affection or behavior. — 5. In mathematics, the abstract ex- 
pression for any unit whatsoever. — 6. In poetry, the prin- 
ciple by which a uniform tenor of story and propriety of 
representation is preserved. — In the drama, there are three 
unities ; the unity of action, that of time, and that of 
place. — 7. In music, such a combination of parts as to 
constitute a whole, or a kind of symmetry of style and 
character.— 8. In law, the properties of a joint estate are 
derived from its unity, which is fourfold ; unity of interest, 
unity of title, unity of time, and unity of possession. — 9. In 
law, unity of possession is a joint possession of two rights 
by several titles. 

U'NI VALVE, a. [L. unus, one, and valvce.] Having one 
valve only, as a shell or pericarp. 



U'NI- VALVE, n. A shell having one valve only. 

U-NI-VALV'U-LAR, a. Having one valve only. Cyc. 

U-NI-VERS'AL, a. [1,. universalis.} Z. All; extending to 
or comprehending the vt^hole number, quantity or space 
2. Total ; whole. 3. Comprising all the particulars.— 4 
In botany, a universal umbel is a primary or general um- 
bel ; the first or largest set of rays in a compound umbel 
opposed to partial. 

U-NI-VERS'AL, n. 1. In logic, a universal is complex or 
incomplex. A complex universal is either a universal 
proposition, as, " every whole is greater than its parts," 
or whatever raises a manifold conception in the mind, as 
the definition of a reasonable animal. An inccmplex uni- 
versal is what produces one conception only in the mind, 
and is a simple thing respecting many ; as human nature, 
which relates to every individual in which it is found. 
2. The whole; the general system of the universe ; [obs.] 

U-NI-VERS'AL-ISM, n. In theology, the doctrhie that all 
men will be saved or made happy in a future life. 

U-NI-VERS'AL-IST, n. One who holds the doctrine that 
all men will be saved. 

U-NI-VER-SAL'I-TY, d. The state of extending to the 
whole. 

U-NI-VERS'AL-LY, adv. With extension to the whole ; in 
a manner to comprehend all ; without exception. 

U-NI-VERS'AL-NESS, n. Universality. 

U'NI-VERSE, 71. [Fr. univers ; L. universitas.] The col- 
lective name of h'eaven and earth, and all that belongs to 
them ; the whole system of created things. 

U-NI-VEIIS'I-TY, n. An assemblage of colleges established 
in any place, with professors for instructing students in 
the sciences and other branches of learning, and where 
degrees are conferred. A university is properly a universal 
school, in which are taught all branches of learning, or 
the four faculties of theology, medicine, law, and the 
sciences and arts. 

U-NIV'0-€AL, a. [L. unus and vox.] 1. Having one 
meaning only. 2. Having unison of sounds, as the octave 
in music and its replicates. 3. Certain ; regular ; pursu 
ing always one tenor ; [little used.] 

U-NIV'0-CAL-LY, adv. 1. In one term ; in one sense 
Hale. 2. Jn one tenor ; [little used.] Ray. 

U-NIV-O-Ca'TION, n. Agreement of name and meaning. 

U'NI-VoQUE, ) a. In music, univocal concords are the oc- 

U'NI-VoKE, ) tave and its recurrences, above or below. 

UN-JEAL'OUS, a. Not suspiciously fearful ; having no 
unreasonable mistrust. Clarendon. 

UN-JOINT', V. t. To disjoint. Fuller. 

UN-JOINT'ED, a. 1. Disjointed ; separated. Milton. 2. 
Having no joint or articulation. Botany. 

UN-JOY'OUS, a. Not joyous ; not gay or cheerful. 

UN-JUD'GED, a. Not judged ; not judicially determined. 
Prior. 

UN-JUST', a. 1. Not just ; acting contrary to the standard 
of right established by the divine law ; not equitable. 2 
Contrarv to justice and right ; wrongful. 

UN-JUST'I-FI-A-BLE, a. Not justifiable ; that cannot be 
proved to be right ; not to be vindicated or defended. 

UxN-JUST'I-FI-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of not being 
justifiable. Clarendon. 

UiV-JUST'I-Fl-A-BLY, adv. In a manner that cannot be 
justified or vindicated. 

UN-JUST'LFlED, a. 1. Not justified or vindicated 2. 
Not pardoned.. 

UN-JUST'LY, adv. In an unjusl manner ; wrongfully. 

t UNK'ED, or f UNK'ID, for uncouth ; odd ; strange. 

UN-KEM'MED, ) a. Uncombed ; unpolished. Spenser. [Ob- 

UN-KEMPT^, ) solete, except in poetry.] 

UN-KEN'NEL, v. t. 1. To drive from his hole. 2. fo 
rouse from secrecy or retreat. 3. To release from a 
kennel. 

UN-KEN'NELED, pp. Driven or let loose from confine 
ment, as a fox or dog. 

I UN-KENT', a. [un and ken, to know.] Unknown 
Spenser. 

UN-KEPT', a. 1. Not kept; not retained; not preserved. 
2. Not observed ; not obeyed, as a command. 

UN-KERN'ELED, a. Destitute of a kernel. Pollok. 

UN-KiND', a. 1. Not kind ; not benevolent ; not favorable ; 
not obliging. 2. Unnatural. 

UN-KIND'LI-NESS, n. Unfavorableness. Hakewill. 

UN-KIND'LY, a. 1. Unnatural ; contrary to nature. Spen- 
ser 2. Unfavorable ; malignant. Milton. 

UN-KlND'LY, adv. 1. Without kindness ; without affec- 
tion. 2. In a manner contrary to nature ; unnaturally. 

UN-KlND'NESS, n. 1. Want of kindness ; want of natural 
affection; want of good will. 2. Disobliging treatment ; 
disfavor. 

UN-KING', r. t. To deprive of royalty. Shak. 

UN-KING'LiKE, ) a. Unbecoming a king ; not noble 

UN-KING'LY, \ Shak. 

UN-KISS'ED, a. Not kissed. Shak. 

UN'KLE. See Uncle. 

UN-KNlGHT-'LY, a. Unbecoming a knight. Sidney. 



See Synopsis a E, I, U, 1?, fong'.—FXR, FALL, WHAT ;—PBBY 5— Pl^f, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. 



UNL 



883 



UNM 



UN-KNIT', v.t. 1. To separate threads that are knit 5 to 
open J to loose work that is knit or knotted. 2. To 
open. 

UN-KNOT', V. t. To free from knots 5 10 untie. 

+ UN-KNoW, V. t. To cease to know. 

UN-KNoW'A-BLE, a. That cannot be known. Watts. 

UN-KNoW'ING, a. Not knowing ; ignorant ; with of. 

UN-KNoW'ING-LY, adv. Ignorantly ; without Knowledge 
or desijn. Addison. 

UN-KNoVVN-, a 1. Not known. 2. Greater than is im- 
agined. 3. Not having had cohabitation. 4. Not having 
communication 

UN-La'BORED, a. 1 Not produced by labor. 2. Not 
cultivated by labor ; not tilled. 3. Spontaneous ; volun- 
tary ; that offers without effort ; natural. 4. Easy ; nat- 
ural ; not stiff. 

UN-LA-Bo'RI-OUS, a. Not laborious j not difficult to be 
done. 

UN-LaCE', V U 1. To loose from lacing or fastening by a 
cord or strings passed through loops and holes. 2. To 
loose a woman's dress. 3. To divest of ornaments. — 4. 
In sea language, to loose and take off a bonnet from 
a saij. 

UN-La'CED, pp. Loosed from lacing ; unfastened. 

UN-La'CING, ppr. Loosing from lacing or fastening 

UN-LA€K'EYED, a. Unattended with a lackey. 

UN-LaDE', v. t. 1. To unload ; to take out the cargo of. 
2. To unload ; to remove, as a load or burden. Acts xxi. 

UN-LaD'EN, pp. of lade. Unloaded. 

UN-LaID', a. 1. Not placed; not fixed. 2. Not allayed ; 
not pacified; not suppressed. 3. Not laid out, as a 
corpse. 

UN-LA-MENT'ED, a. Not lamented ; not deplored. 

UN-LARD'ED, a. Not intermixed or inserted for improve- 
ment. Chesterfield. 

UN-LATCH', V. i. To open or loose by lifting the latch. 

UN-LAU'RELED, a. Not crowned with laurel ; not hon- 
ored." 

UN-LAVISH, a. Not lavish ; not profuse ; not wasteful. 

UN-LAVISHED, a. Not lavished ; not spent wastefully. 

UN-LAW, V. t. To deprive of the authority of law. Milton. 

UN-LAWFUL, a. Not lawful; contrary to law; illegal; 
not permitted by law. Dry den. 

UN-LAWFUL-LY, adv. 1. In violation of law or right; 
illegal! v. 2. Illegitimately ; not in wedlock. ./3dcZi507i. 

UN-LAW'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Illegality ; contrariety to law. 
South. 2. "illegitimacy. 

UN-LEARN', (un-lern') v. t. To forget or lose what has 
been learned. 

UN-LEARN'ED, pp. 1. Forgotten. 2. a. Not learned ; 
ignorant ; illiterate ; not instructed. 3. Not gained by 
study ; not known. 4. Not suitable to a learned man. 

UN-LEARN'ED-LY, adv. Ignorantly. Brown. 

UN-LEARN'ED-NESS, n. Want of learning ; illiterate- 
ness. Sylvester. 

UN-LEAVENED, (un-lev'end) 0. Not leavened; not 
raised by leaven, barm or yeast. Ez. xii. 

UN-LEeT'URED, a. Not taught by lecture. Young. 

t UN-LEIS'URED, (un-lezh'urd) a. Not having leisure. 

UN-LENT', a. Not lent. 

UN-LESS', conj. [Sax. onlesan, to loose or release.] Ex- 
cept ; that is, remove or dismiss the fact or thing stated in 
the sentence or clause which follows. 

UN-LESSONED, a. Not taught ; not instructed. 

UN-LET'TERED, a. Unlearned; untaught; ignorant. 

UN-LET'TER-ED-NESS,7i. Want of learning. Waterhouse. 

UN-LEVELED, a. Not leveled ; not laid even. Tickel. 

UN-LI-BID'IN-OUS, a. Not libidinous ; not lustful. 

UN-LICENSED, a. Not licensed ; not having permission 
by authority. L. Beecher. 

UN-LICK'ED, a. Shapeless ; not formed to smoothness. 

UN-LTGHT'ED, a. 1. Not lighted; not illuminated. Prim-. 
2. Not kindled or set on fire. 

UN-LlGHT'SoME, a. Dark ; gloomy ; wanting light. 

UN-LiKE', a. 1. Dissimilar; having no resemblance. 2. 
Improbable; unlikely. Bacon. 

UN-LIkI'LI-NESsJ' ! "• Improbability. South. Locke. 

UN-LlKE'LY, a. 1. Improbable ; sich as cannot be rea- 
sonably expected. 2. Not promising success. 

UN-LIKE'LY, adv. Improbably. Addison. 

UN-LTKE'NESS, n. Want of resemblance ; dissimilitude. 

UN-LIM'BER, a. Not limber ; not flexible ; not yielding. 

UN-LIM'IT-A-BLE, a. Admitting no limits ; boundless. 

UN-LIM'IT-ED, a. 1. Not limited ; having no bounds ; 
boundless. Boyle. 2. Undefined ; indefinite ; not bound- 
ed bv proper exceptions. 3. Unconfined ; not restrained. 

UN-LIM'IT-ED-LY, adw. Without bounds. Decay of Piety. 

UN-LIM'IT-ED-NESS, n. The state of being boundless, 
or of being undefined. Johnson, . 

UN-LIN'E-AL, a. Not in a line ; not coming in the order 
of succession. Sliak. 

UN-LINK', V. t. To separate links ; to loose ; to unfasten ; 
to untwist. Shak. 



not settled j 
2. Unpaid; 



UN-Lia'UI-DA-TED, a. 1. Not liquidated ■ 
not having the exact amount ascertained 
unadjusted. _ 

UN-Lia'UI-FlED, a. Unmelted ; not dissolved. Addison 

UN-LICI'UORED, (un-lik'urd) a. Not moistened ; not 
smeared with liquor ; not filled with liquor. Milton. 

UN-LIS'TEN-ING, a. Not listening; not hearing ; not re- 
garding. Thomson. 

UN-LlVE'LI-NESS, n. Want of life; dullness. Milton 

UN-LlVE'LY, a. Not lively ; dull. 

UN-LoAD', V. t. 1. To take the load from ; to discharge 
of a load or cargo. 2. To disburden. 3. To disburden ; 
to rejieve from any thing onerous or troublesome. 

UN-LoAD'ED, pp. Freed from a load or cargo ; disbur- 
dened. 

UN-LoAD'ING, ppr. Freeing from a load or cargo ; disbur 
dening ; relieving of a burden. 

UN-Lo'CA-TED, a. 1. Not placed ; not fixed in a place.-- 
2. In America, unlocated lands are such new or wild lands 
as have not been surveyed, appropriated or designated by 
marks, limits or boundaries, to some individual, company 
or corporation. 

UN-LOCK', V. t. 1. To unfasten what is locked. 2 To 
open, in general; to lay open. Pope. 

UN-LOCK'ED, i?p. I. Opened. 2. a Not locked , not 
made fast. 

UN-LOOK'ED for. Not expected; not foreseen. Bacon. 

UN-LOOSE', (un-loos') v. t. To loose. 

UN-LOOSE', (un-loos') v. i. To fall in pieces ; to lose all 
connection or tinion. Collier. 

t UN-LOS'A-BLE, a. That cannot be lost. Boyle. 

UN-L6VED. a. Not loved. Sidney. 

UN-L6VE'LI-NESS, n. Want of loveliness ; unamiable- 

fess ; want of the qualities which attract love. 
-LoVE'LY, a. Not lovely ; not amiable ; destitute of 
the qualities which attract love, or possessing qualities 
that excite dislike. 
UN-LoVING, a. Not loving ; not fond. Shak. 
UN-LUCK'I-LY, adv. Unfortunately ; by ill fortune. 
UN-LU€K'I-NESS, n. 1. Unfortunateness ; ill fortune. 

2. Mischievousness. Addison. 

UN-LUCK' Y, a. 1. Unfortunate ; not successful. 2. Un 
fortunate ; not resulting in success. 3. Unhappy ; miser- 
able ; subject to frequent misfortunes. 4. t lightly mis- 
chievous ; mischievously waggish. 5. Ill-omened ; inau- 
spicious. 

UN-LUS'TROUS, a. Wanting lustre ; not shining. 

UN-LUST'Y, a. Not lusty ; not stout ; weak. 

UN-LuTE', V. t. To separate things cemented or luted ; tc 
takethe lute or clay from. 

UN-LUT'ED, pp. Separated, as luted vessels. 

UN-LuT'ING, ppr. Separating, as luted vessels. 

UN-MaDE', pp. I. Deprived of its form or qualities. 2. a 
Not made ; not yet formed. 3. Omitted to be made. 

UN-MxlG-NET'IC, a. Not having magnetic properties. 

UN-MaID'EN-LY, a. Not becoming a maiden. Hall. 

UN-MaIM'ED, a. Not maimed ; not disabled in any limb ; 
sound ; entire. Pope. 

UN-MaK'A-BLE, a. Not possible to be made, [L.u.] Orew. 

UN-MaKE', v. t. 1. To destroy the form and qualities 
which constitute a thing what it is. 2. To deprive of 
qualides before possessed. 

UN-MaK'ING, ppr. Destroying the peculiar properties of a 
thing. 

UN-MALJ:,E-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or state of being 
unmalleable. 

UN-MAL'LE-A-BLE, a. Not malleable; not capable of 
being hammered into a plate, or of being extended by 
beating. 

UN-MAN', v.t. 1. To deprive of the constitutional qualities 
of a human being, as reason, &c. 2. To deprive of men. 

3. To emasculate ; to deprive of virility. 4. To deprive 
of the courage and fortitude of a man ; to break or reduce 
into irresolution ; to dishearten ; to deject. 5. To dis- 
people. 

UN-MAN' AGE-A-BLE, a. 1 Not manageable ; not easily 
restrained, governed or directed; not controllable. 2. 
Not easily wielded. 

UN-MAN'AGED, a. 1. Not broken by horsemanship. 
Not tutored ; not educated. Felton. 

UN-MAN'LiKE, ) a. 1. Not becoming a human being. 

UN-MAN'LY, ) Unsuitable to a man ; effeminate. 



2. 



Not worthy of a noble mind ; ignoble ; base ; ungenerous; 
cowardly. 

UN-MAN'NED, pp. Deprived of the qualities of a man. 

UN-MAN'NERED, a. Uncivil ; rude. B. Jonson. 

UN-MAN 'NER-LI-NESS, n. Want of good manners 5 
breach of civility ; rudeness of behavior. Locke. 

UN-MAN'NER-LY, a. 1. Ill-bred ; not having good man- 
ners ; rude in behavior. 2. Not according to good man- 
ners. 

UN-MAN'NER-LY, adv. Uncivilly. Shak. 

UN-MAN-U-FACT'URED, a. Not manufactured j not 
wrought into the proper form for use. 



See Synapsis. MOVE, BQQK, D6VE ; BIJLL, UNITE— € as K ; G as J ; 8 as Z j CH as SH j TH as in tftw. t Obsolete- 



UISM 



884 



UNN 



UN-MA-NOR'ED, a. 1. Not manured ; not enriched by 
manure. 9. Uncultivated. Spenser. 

UJy-MARK'ED, a. I. Not marked ; having no mark. 2. 
Unobserved ; not regarded ; undistinguished. Pope. 

UN-MAR'REDj a. Not marred ; not injured ; not spoiled j 
noi obstructed. 

UN-MAR'RI-A-BLE, a. Not marriageable. [L. u.] Milton. 

UN-MAR'RIED, a. Not married ; having no husband or no 
wife. Bacon 

UN-MAR'RY, V. t. To divorce. Milton. 

UN-MAR'SHALED, a. Not disposed or arranged in due 
order. 

UN-MAS'€U-LATE, v. t. To emasculate. Fuller. 

UN-MAS'€U-LINE, a. Not masculine or manly ; feeble ; 
effeminate. Milton. 

UN-MASK', V. t. To strip of a mask or of any disguise ; to 
lay open vfhat is concealed. Roscommon. 

UN-MASK', V. i. To put off a mask. 

UN-MASK'ED, pp. 1. Stripped of a mask or disguise. 2. 
a Open ; exposed to view. Dryden. 

t UN-MAS'TER-A-BLE, a. That cannot be mastered. 

UN-MAS'TERED, a. 1. Not subdued ; not conquered. 2. 
Not conquerable. Dryden. 

UN-MATCH'A-BLE, a. That cannot be matched ; that 
cannot be equaled ; unparalleled. Hooker. 

UN-MATCH'ED, a. Matchless ; having no match or equal. 

UN-MeAN'ING, a. 1. Having no meaning or signification. 
2. Not expressive ; not indicating intelligence. 

UN-MEANT', (un-menf) a. Not meant; not intended, 

UN-MEAS'UR-A-BLE, (un-mezh'ur-a-bl) a. That cannot 
be measured ; unbounded ; boundless. Swift. 

UN-MEAS'UR-A-BLY, adv. Beyond all measure. Howell. 

UN-MEAS'URED, a. 1. Not measured ; plentiful beyond 
measure. Milton. 2. Immense ; infinite. Blackmore. 

UN-ME-€HAN'I-€AL, a. Not mechanical ; not according 
to the laws or principles of mechanics. 

UN-MED'DLED loith. Not meddled with ; not touched. 

UN-MED'DLING, a. Not meddling; not interfering with 
the concerns of others ; not ofiicious. Chesterfield. 

tUN-MED'DLING-NESS, n. Forbearance of interposition. 

UN-MED'I-TA-TED, a. Not meditated ; not prepared by 
previous thought. 

UN-MEET', a. Not fit; not proper ; not worthy. Prior. 

UN-MEET'LY, adv. Not fitly ; not properly ; not suitably. 

UN-MEET'NESS, n. Unfitness ; unsuitableness. 

UN-MEL'LoWED, a. Not mellowed ; not fully matured. 

UN-ME-Lo'DI-OUS, a. Not melodious ; wanting melody. 

UN-MELT'ED, a. 1. Undissolved ; not melted. 2. Not 
softened. 

UN-MEN'TIONED, a. Not mentioned ; not named. 

UN-MER'€AN-TlLE, a. Not according to the customs and 
rules of commerce. 

UN-MER'CHANT-A-BLE, a. Not merchantable ; not of a 
quality fit for the market. 

UN-MER'CI-FUL, a. 1. Not merciful ; cruel ; inhuman to 
such beings as are in one's power ; not disposed to spare 
or forgive. 2. Unconscionable ; exorbitant. 

UN-MER'CI-FUL-LY, adv. Without mercy ; cruelly. 

UN-MER'CI-FJJL-NESS, n. Want of mercy; want of ten- 
derness and compassion towards those who are in one's 
power ; cruelty in the exercise of power or punishment. 

t UN-MER'IT-A-BLE, a. Having no merit or desert. Shak. 

UN-MER'IT-ED, a. 1. Not merited; not deserved; ob- 
tained without service or equivalent. 2. Not deserved ; 
cruel ; unjust. 

UN-MER'IT-ED-NESS, n. State of being unmerited. 

UN-MET', a. Not met. B. .Tonson. 

UN-ME-TAL'LI€, a. Not metallic; not having the proper- 
ties of metal ; not belonging to metals. 

UN-MlGIlT'Y, a. Not mighty ; not powerful. 

UN-MiLD', a. Not mild ; harsh ; severe ; fierce. 

UN-MiLD'NESS, n. Want of mildness ; harshness. 

UN-MIL'I-TA-RY, a. Not according to military rules. 

UN-MILK'ED, a. Not milked. Pope. 

UN-MILL'ED, a. Not milled ; not indented or grained. 

UN-MlND'ED, a. Not minded ; not heeded. Milton. 

UN-MlND'FUL, a. Not mindful ; not heedful ; not atten- 
tive ; regardless. Milton. 

UN-MlND'FlJL-LY, adv. Carelessly ; heedlessly. 

UN-MlND'FiJL-NESS, n. Heedlessness ; inattention ; care- 
lessness. 

UN-MIN'GLE, v.t To separate things mixed. Bacon. 

t UN-MIN'GLE-A-BLE, a. That cannot be mixed. 

UN-MIN'GLED, a. 1. Not mingled ; not mixed ; pure. 2. 
Pure ; not vitiated or alloyed by foreign admixture. 

UN-MIN-IS-Tk'RI-AL, a. Not ministerial. 

UN-MlR'Y, a. Not miry ; not muddy ; not foul with dirt 

UN-MISS'ED, a. Not missed ; not perceived to be gone or 
lost. Gray. 

UN-MIS-TaK'A-BLE, a. That cannot be mistaken. [Little 
used j 

UN-MIS-TaK'EN, a. Not mistaken ; sure. Trumbull. 

UN-MIS- TRUST'TNG, a. Not mistrusting ; unsuspicious. 

UN-MIT'I-GA-BLE, a. Not capable of being mitigated. 



UN-MIT'I-GA-TED, a. Not mitigated; not lessened; not 
softened in severity or harshness. Shak. 

UN-MIX'ED, ) a. 1. Not mixed ; not mingled ; pure ; un- 

UN-MIXT', \ adulterated; unvitiated by foreign admix- 
ture._ 2. Pure ; unalloyed. 

UN-MoAN'ED, a. Not lamented. Shak. 

UN-MOD'I-Fi-A-BLE, a. That cannot be modified or al- 
tered in form ; that cannot be reduced to a more accept- 
able or desired form. 

UN-MOD'I-FiED, a. Not modified ; not altered in form ; 
not qualified in meaning. 

UN-Mo'DISH, a. Not modish ; not according to custwn 

UN-MOIST', a. Not moist ; not humid ; dry. Philips. 

UN-MOIST'ENED, a. Not made moist or humid. 

UN-MoLD', V. t. To change the form ; to reduce from any 
form. 

UN-HoLD'ED, pp. 1. Not changed in form. 2. a. Not 
molded ; not shaped or formed. 

UN-MO-LEST'ED, a. Not molested ; not disturbed ; free 
from disturbance. Pope. 

UN-M6N'EYED, a. Not having money. Shenstone. 

t UN-MO-NOP'O-LiZE, v. t. To recover from being mo- 
nopolized. 

t UN-MO-NOP'0-LlZED, a. Not monopolized. 

UN-MOOR', V. t I. In sea language, to bring to the state 
of riding with a single anchoi, after having been moored 
by two or more cables. 2. To loose from anchorage. 

UN-MOOR'ED, pp. Loosed from anchorage, or brought to 
ride with a single anchor. 

UN-MOOR'ING, ppr. Loosing from anchorage, or bringing 
to ride with a single anchor. 

UN-MOR'AL-iZED, a. Untutored by morality ; not con- 
formed to good morals. JVorris. 

UN-MORT'GAGED, a. [See Mortgage.] Not mortgaged ; 
not pledged. Addison. Dryden. 

UN-MOR'TI-FlED, a. 1. Not mortified ; not shamed. 2 
Not subdued by sorrow. 

UN-MOUNT'ED, a. Not mounted. 

UN-MoURN'ED, a. Not lamented. Rogers. 

UN-M5V'A-BLE, a. That cannot be moved ; firm ; fixed. 

UN-M5V'A-BLY, adv. Unalterably. Ellis. 

UN-MOVED, a. 1. Not moved ; not transferred from one 
place to another. 2. Not changed in purpose ; unshaken ; 
firm. 3. Not affected ; not having the passions excited ; 
not touched or impressed. 4. Not altered by passion or 
emotion. 

UN-M5V'ING, a. 1. Having no motion. 2. Not exciting 
emotion ; having no power to affect the passions. 

UN-MUF'FLE, v. t. 1. To take a covering from the face. 
Milton. 2. To remove the muflaing of a drum. 

UN-MUR'MURED, a. Not murmured at. Beaumont. 

UN-MUR'MUR-ING, a. Not murmuring; not complain- 
ing. _ 

UN-MuiSI-CAL, a. 1. Not musical; not harmonious or 
melodious. 2. Harsh ; not pleasing to the ear. 

UN-Mu'TI-LA-TED, a. Not mutilated ; not deprived of a 
member or part ; entire. 

UN-MUZ'ZLE, V. t. To loose from a muzzle. Shak. 

UN-NaM'ED, a. Not named ; not mentioned. Milton. 

UN-Na'TiVE, a. Not native ; not natural ; forced, 

UN-NAT'U-RAL, a. I. Contrary to the laws of nature; 
contrary to the natural feelings. 2. Acting without the 
affections of our common nature. 3. Not in conformity 
to nature ; not agreeable to the real state of persons or 
things ; not representing nature, 

UN-NAT'U-RAL-IZE, v. t. To divest of natural feelings. 

UN-NAT'U-RAL-lZED, pp. 1. Divested of natural feel- 
ings. 2. a. Not naturalized ; not made a citizen by au- 
thority. 

UN-NAT'U-RAL-LY, adv. In opposition to natural feelings 
and sentiments. Tillotson. 

UN-NAT'U-RAL-NESS, n. Contrariety to nature. 

UN-NAV'I-GA-BLE, a. Not navigable. 

UN-NAV'I-GA-TED, a. Not navigated ; not passed over in 
ships or other vessels. Coolers Voyages. 

UN-NEC'ES-SA-RI-LY, adv. Without necessity; need- 
lessly. Hooker. 

UN-NEC'ES-SA-RI-NESS, n. The state of being unneces- 
sary ; needlessness. 

UN-NEC'ES-SA-RY, a. Not necessary ; needless ; not re- 
quired by the circumstances of the case ; useless. 

UN-NE-CES'SI-TA-TED, a. Not required by necessity, 

UN-NEED'FUL, a. Not needful; not wanted ; needless 

UN-NEIGH'BOR-LY, a. Not suitable to the duties of a 
neighbor ; not becoming persons living near each other ; 
not kind and friendly. 

UN-NEIGH'BOR-LY, adv. In a manner not suitable to a 
neighbor ; in a manner contrary to the kindness which 
should subsist among neighbors. 

t UN-NERVATE, a. Not strong ; feeble. Broome. 

UN-NERVE', (un-nerv') v. t. To deprive of nerve, force or 
strength ; to weaken ; to enfeeble. Addison. 

UN-NERVED, ;)p. 1. Deprived of strength. 2. c.Weak- 
feeble. 



•*«Svnop«s, A, e, I, e, U, Y, Jon^.— FAR, FALL, WHi^T i-i-PREY 5— PIN MARl E, BtRD;— i Obsolete. 



UNO 



885 



UNP 



* UN-NeTH', ) adv. Scarcely : hardly. [See Uneath.] 

T UN-NeTHES', ] Spenser. 

UN-NEu'TRAL, a. Not neutral ; not uninterested. 

UN-No'BLE, a. Not noble ; ignoble ; mean. Shak. 

UN-NoT'ED, a. L Not noted ; not observed j not heeded j 
not regarded. Pope. 2. Not honored. 

1;N-No'TICED, a. 1. Not observed; not regarded. 2. 
Not treated with the usual marks of respect ; not kindly 
and hospitably entertained. 

UN-NUM'BERED, a. Not numbered ; innumerable ; in- 
definitely numerous. Prior. 

UN-NUR'TURED, a. Not nurtured ; not educated 

UN-O-BEY ED, a. Not obeyed. MUton. 

UN-OB-JE€T'ED, a. Not objected ; not charged as a fault 
or error. Atterbury. 

FJN-OB-JE€'TION-A-BLE, a. Not liable to objection ; that 
need not be condemned as faulty, false or improper. 

UN-OB-JE€'TION-A-BLY, adv. In a manner not liable to 
objection. 

UN-OB-NOX'IOUS, a. Not liable 5 not exposed to harm. 

UN-OB-S€uR'ED, a. Not obscurea ; not darkened. 

UN-OB-SE'aUI-OUS, a. Not obsequious ; not servilely 
submissive. 

UN-OB-Se'QUI-OUS-LY, adv. Not with servile submis- 
siveness. 

UN-OB-SEaUI-OUS-NESS, n. Want of servile submis- 
siveness or compliance 5 incompliance. 

UN-OB-SERV'A-BLE, a That is not observable ; not dis- 
coverable. Boyle. 

UN-OB-SERV'ANCE, n. Want of observation ; inatten- 
tion ; regardlessness. Whitlock. 

UN-OB-SERV'ANT, a. 1. Not observant ; not attentive ; 
heedless. Olanville. 2. Not obsequious. 

UN-OB-SERV'BD, a. Not observed 3 not noticed ; not 
seen; not regarded ; not heeded. Bacon. 

UN-OB-SERV'ING, a. Not observing; inattentive ; heed- 

UN-OB-STRU€T'ED, a. 1. Not obstructed ; not filled with 
impediments. 2. Not hindered ; not stopped. 

UN-OB-STRU€T'IVE, a. Not presenting any obstacle. 

UN-OB-TaIN'A-BLE, a. That cannot be obtained; not 
within reach or power. 

UN-OB-TaIN'ED, a. Not obtained ; not gained ; not ac- 
quired. Hooker. 

UN-OB-TRu'SIVE, a. Not obtrusive ; not forward ; 
modest. 

UN-OB'VI-OUS, a. Not obvious ; not readily occurring to 
the view or the understanding. Boyle. 

UN-0€'€U-PlED, ffi. 1. Not occupied ; not •possessed. 2. 
Not engaged in business ; being at leisure 3. Not em- 
ployed or taken up. 

UN-OF-FEND'ED, a. Not offended ; not having taken of- 

UN-OF-FEND'ING, a. 1. Not offending; not giving of- 
fense. 2. Not sinning ; free from sin or fault. 3. Harm- 
less ; innocent. 

UN-OF-FENS'IVE, a. Not oflTensive ; harmless. 

UN-OF'FERED, a. Not offered; not proposed to accept- 
ance. Clarendon. 

UN-OF-Fi"CIAL, a. 1. Not official; not pertaining to 
office. 2. Not proceeding from the proper officer or from 
due authority. 

UN-OF-Fi"CIAL-LY, adv. Not oflacially; not in the 
course of official duty. 

t UN-OF'TEN, adv. Rarely. 

UN-OIL', V. t. To free from oil. Dryden. 

UN-OIL'ED, pp. 1. Freed from oil. 2. a. Not oiled ; free 
from oil. 

UN-o'PENED, a. Not opened ; remaining fast, close, shut 
or sealed. Chesterfield. 

UN-6'PEN-ING, a. Not opening. Pope. 

LTN-OP'ER-A-TiVE, a. Not operative ; producing no ef- 
fect, 

UN-OP-PoS'ED, a. Not opposed ; not resisted ; not meet- 
ing with any obstruction. 

UN-OP-PRESS'ED, a. Not oppressed; not unduly bur- 
dened. 

UN-OR'DER-LY, a. Not orderly ; disordered ; irregular. 

t UN-OR'DI-NA-RY, a. Not ordinary ; not common. 

UN-OR'GAN-lZED, a. Not organized ; not having organic 
structure or vessels for the preparation, secretion ani 
distribution of nourishment, &c. 

UN-O-RIG'IN-AL, a. 1. Not original ; derived. 2. Having 
no birth ; ung^nerated. Milton. 

UN-O-RIG'IN-A-TED, a. Not originated ; having no birth 
or creation. Stephens. 

UN-OR-NA-MENT'AL, a. Not ornamental. West. 

UN-OR'NA-MENT-ED, a. Not ornamented ; not adorned. 

UN-OR'THO-DOX, a. Not orthodox ; not holding the gen- 
uine doctrines of the Scriptures. Decay of Piety. 

UN-OS-TEN-Ta'TIOUS, a. 1. Not ostentatious ; not boast- 
ful ; not making show and parade ; modest. 2. Not 
glaring: not showy. 

UN-oW'ED, a. Not owed ; not due. 



UN-oWN'ED, a. 1. Not owned ; having no known owner, 
not claimed, 2, Not avowed ; not acknowledged as oae's 
own ; not admitted as done by one's self, 

UN-OX'Y-GEN-A-TED, ) a. Not having oxygen in combi 

UN-OX'Y-GEN-IZED, \ nation, 

UN-PA-CIF'I€, a. Not pacific ; not disposed to peace ; no 
of a peaceable disposition. Warton. 

UN-PAC'I-FlED, a. Not pacified ; not appeased, 

UN-PA€K', V. t. 1. To open, as things packed, 2, To dis- 
burden ; {little used.} Shak. 

UN-PA€K'£D, pp. 1, Opened, as goods. 2. a. Not pack- 
ed ; not collected by unlawful artifices. Hudibras. 

UN-PA€K'ING, ppr. Opening, as a package. 

UN-PaID', a. 1. Not paid ; not discharged ; as a deb 
2, Not having received what is due ; as, unpaid workmen 
Pope. — Unpaid for, not paid for ; taken on credit, 

UN-PaIN'ED, a. Not pained ; sufTenng no pain, Milton 

UN-PaIN'FUL, a. Not painful ; giving no pain. Locke 

UN-PAL' A-TA-BLE, a. 1. Not palatable ; disgusting to the 
taste, 2. Not such as to be relished ; disagreeable 

UN-PALL'ED, a. Not deadened. 

UN-PAN'0-PLIED, a. Destitute of panoply. Pollok. 

UN-PAR' A-DlSE, v. t. To deprive of happiness like that 
of paradise ; to render unhappy. Young. 

UN-PAR'A-GONED, a. Unequaled ; unmatched. 

UN-PAR'AL-LELED, a. Having no parallel or equal ; un 
equaled ; unmatched. Addison. 

UN-PAR'DON-A-BLE, a. Not to be forgiven ; that cannot 
be pardoned or remitted, Rosers. 

UN-PAR'DON-A-BLY, adv. TBeyond forgiveness. Atter 
bury. 

UN-PAR'DONED, a. 1, Not pardoned ; not forgiven. Rog- 
ers. 2. Not having received a legal pardon. 

UN-PAR'DON-ING, a. Not forgiving; not disposed to par- 
don. Dryden. 

UN-PAR-LIA-MENT'A-RI-NESS, n. Contrariety to the 
rules, usages or constitution of parliament. 

UN.-PAR-LIA-MENT'A-RY, a. 1. Contrary to the usages 
or rules of proceeding in parliament. 2. Contrary to the 
rules or usages of legislative bodies. 

UN-PART'ED, a. Not parted ; not divided ; not separated. 
Prior. 

t UN-PAR'TIAL, a» Not partial. See Impartial. 

t UN-PAR'TIAL-LY, adv. Fairiy ; impartially. 

UN-PASS' A-BLE, a. I. Not admitting persons to pass ; im- 
passable. 2. Not current ; not received in common pay 
merits. 

t UN-PAS'SION-ATE, )a. Calm; free from passion; 

t UN-PAS'SION-A-TED, \ impartial. 

fUN-PAS'SION-ATE-LY, ai«. Without passion ; calmly 

UN-PA3'T0R-AL, a. Not pastoral ; not suitable to pastoral 
manners. Warton. 

UN-PAT'ENT-ED, a. Not granted by patent. Crunch. 

UN-PATH'ED, a, 1, Unmarked by passage ; not trodden 
Shak. 2, Not being beaten into a path; as, unpathed 
snow, 

UN-PA-THET'I€, a. Not pathetic ; not adapted to move 
the passions or excite emotion. Warton. 

UN-PAT'RON-lZED, a. Not having a patron ; not sup- 
ported by friends. Johnson. 

UN-PAT'TERNJEDj a. Having no equal. Beaumont. 

UN-PaVED, a. Not paved ; not covered with stone. 

UN-PAWNED, a. Not pawned ; not pledged. Pope. 

t UN-Pa Y', V. t. 1. To undo. Shak. 2. Not to pay or com- 
pensate. 

UN-Pe ACE' A-BLE, a. Not peaceable ; quarrelsome. 

UN-PeACE'A-BLE-NESS, n. Unquietness ; quarrelsome- 
ness_. 

UN-PeACE'FUL, a. Not pacific or peaceful ; unquiet. 

UN-PED'I-GREED, a. Not distinguished by a pedigree. 

UN-PEG', V. t. 1. To loose from pegs ; to open. 2. To pull 
out the peg from. 

UN-PELT'ED, a. Not pelted ; not assailed with stones. 

UN-PEN', V. t. To let out or suffer to escape by breakhig a 
dam^ or opening a pen, Blackstone. 

UN-Pe'NAL, a. Not penal ; not subject to a penalty 

UN-PEN'E-TRA-BLE, a. Not to be penetrated. 

t UN-PEN'I-TENT, a. Not penitent. 

UN-PEN'NED, pp. Unfastened ; let out. 

UN-PEN'NING, ppr. Suffering to escape ; unlocking. 

UN-PEN'SIONED, a. 1. Not pensioned ; not rewarded by 
a pension. 2. Not kept in pay ; not held in dependence 
by apension. 

UN-PeO'PLE, v. t. To deprive of inhabitants ; to depopu- 
late j^ to dispeople. Dryden. 

UN-PeO'PLED, pp. Depopulated ; dispeopled. 

UN-PeO'PLING, ppr. Depopulating. 

UN-PER-CeIV A-BLE, a. Not to be perceived. 

UN-PER-CeIV'ED, a. Not perceived ; not heeded; not ob- 
served ; not noticed. Milton. 

UN-PER-CeIV'ED-LY, adv. So as not to be perceived. 

t UN-PER'FE€T, a. Not perfect ; not complete. 

UN-PER'FECT-ED, a. Not perfected ; not completed. 

UN-PER'FECT-LY, adv. Imperfectly. Hales. 



See Sijnop.n.f. M5VE , BOOK Do VE ;— BIJLL, UNTTE,—€ as K ; C as J ; S as Z ; C5H as SH , TH as in t*t.« , f Obsolete 



UNP 



886 



UNP 



1 UN-PER'FE€T-NESS, m. Want of perfectness; incom- 
pleteness. 

UN-PER'FO-RA-TED, a. Not perforated ; not penetrated 

by openings. 
UN-PER-FORM ED, a. 1. Not performed ; not done ; not 

executed. 2. Not fulfilled. Taylor. 
UN-PER-FORM'ING, a. Not performing. Dryden. 
I UN-PER'ISH-A-BLE, a Not perishable ; not subject to 
decay. 

t UN-PER'ISH-ED, a. Not violated 5 not destroyed. Sir T. 
Elyot. 

UN-PER'ISH-ING, a. Not perishing ; durable. 

UN-PER'MA-NENT, a. Not permanent ; not durable. 

UN-PER'JURED, a. Free from the crime of perjury 
Dryden. 

UN-PER-PLEX', V. t. To free from perplexity. Donne. 
CJN-PER-PLEX'ED, a. I. Not perplexed; not harassed; 
not embarrassed. 2. Free from perplexity or complica- 
tion ; simple. 
UN-PER'SPI-RA-BLE, [See * Perspirable.] a. That can- 
not be perspired, or emitted through the pores of the skin. 
j^rbuthnot. 
UN-PER-SUa'DA-BLE, a. That cannot be persuaded, or 
influenced by motives urged. Sidney. 

UN-PER-VERT'ED, a. Not perverted; not vi^rested or 
turned to a w^rong sense or use. 

UN-PET'RT-FlED, a. Not petrified; not converted into 
stone. 

UN-PHIL-O-SOPH'ie, I a. Not according to the rules 

UN-PHIL-O-SOPH'I-eAL, \ or principles of sound phi- 
losophy ; contrary to philosophy. 

UN-PHIL-0-SOPH'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a manner contrary 
to the principles of sound philosophy or right reason. 

UN-PHIL-0-SOPH'I-€AL-NESS, n. Incongruity with phi- 
losophy. JVorris. 

UN-PfII-LOS'0-PHiZE, V. t. To degrade from the charac- 
ter of a philosopher. Pope. 

UN-PHI-LOS'0-PHiZED, -pp. or a. 1. Degraded from the 
rank of a philosopl *•. 2. Not sophisticated or perverted 
by philosophy. 

tUN-PHYS'I€KED, c Not influenced by medicine; not 
physicked. Howell. 

UN-PIERCED, (un-persc') a. Not pierced ; not penetrated. 
Oav. 

UN-PIL'LARED, a. Deprived of pillars. Pope. 

UN-PIL'LoWED, a. Having no pillow; having the head 
not supported. Milton. 

UN-PIN', V. t. To loose from pins ; to unfasten what is 
held together by pins. 

UN-PINK'ED, a. Not pinked ; not marked or set with eye- 
let holes. Shak. 

UN-PIT'IED, a. Not pitied ; not compassionated ; not re- 
garded with sympathetic sorrow. Pope. 

UN'PIT'l-FUL, a. 1. Having no pity. 2. Not exciting 
pity. 

UN-PIT'I-FUL-LY, adv. Unmercifully ; without mercy. 

UN-PIT'Y-IN(!J, a. Having no pity ; showing no compassion. 

t UN-PLa'€A-BLE, a. Not to be appeased. 

UN-PLa'CED, a. Having no office or employment under 
the government. Pope 

UN-PLaGU'ED, a. Not plagued ; not harassed. 

UN-PLANT'ED, a. Not planted ; of spontaneous growth. 

UN-PLAS'TERED, a. Not plastered. 

UN-PLAUS'I-BLE, a. Not plausible ; not having a fair ap- 
pearaiice. Milton. 

UN-PLAUS'I-BLY, adv. Not with a fair appearance. 

UN-PLAUS'IVE, a. Not approving ; not applauding. 

UN-PLeAD'A-BLE, a. That cannot be pleaded. 

UN-PLEAS'ANT, a. Not pleasant ; not affording pleasure ; 
disagreeable. Hooker. 

UN-PLEAS'ANT-LY, (un-plez'ant-ly) adv. In a manner 
not pleasing ; uneasily. Pope. 

JN-PLE AS'ANT-NESS, (un-plez'ant-nes) n. Disagreeable- 
ness ;_the state or quality of not giving pleasure. Hooker. 

UN-PLeAS'ED, a. Not pleased ; displeased. Dryden. 

UN-PLeAS'ING, a. Offensive ; disgusting. Dryden. 

UN-PLeAS'ING-LY, adv. In a manner to displease. 

UN-PLeA?'ING-NESS, n. Want of qualities to please. 

fUN-PLEAS'IVE, a. Not pleasing. Bp. Hall. 

UN-PLEDG'ED, a. Not pledged ; not mortgaged. 

UN-PLi'A-BLE, a. Not pliable ; not easily bent. 

UN-PLI'ANT, a. 1. Not pliant; not easily bent; stiff. 
WoHon. 2. Not readilv yielding the will ; not compliant. 

UN-PLOUGH ED, a. Not ploughed. Mortimer. 

TJN-PLuME . V. t. To strip of plumes ; to degrade. Olan. 

UN-PLuM'ED, pp. or a. Deprived of plumes ; destitute of 
plumes, 

UN-PLUN'DERED, a. Not plundered or stripped. 

UN-PO-ET'I€, \a. I. Not poetical; not having the 

C^N-PO-ET'I-€AL, ) beauties of verse. 2. Not becoming 
a poet. 

UN-P0-ET'I-€AL-LY, adv. 1 In a manner not comport- 
ing with the nature of poetry. 2. In a manner unbe- 
coming a poet. 



UN-POINT'ED, a. 1. Having no point or sting, 2 Not 
having marks by which to distinguish sentences, mem- 
bers and clauses in writing. 3. Not having the vowe' 
points or marks. 

UN-POIS'ON, V. t. To remove or expel poison. South 

UN-POlS'EDj^a. Not poised ; not balanced. Thomson. 

UN-Po'LAR-lZED, a. Not polarized ; not having polarity, 

UN-POL'I-CIED, a. Not having oivil polity, or a regular 
form of government. 

UN-POL'ISHED, a. 1. Not polished; not made bright by 
attrition. 2. Not refined in manners ; uncivilized ; rude ; 
plain. 

UN-PO-LiTE , a. 1. Not refined in manners ; not elegant. 
2. Not civil ; not courteous; rude ; sde Impolite. 

UN-PO-LiTE'LY, adv. In an uncivil or rude manner. 

UN-PO-LITE'NESS, n. 1. Want of refinement in man- 
ners ; rudeness. 2. Incivility ; want of courtesy. 

UN-PoLL'ED, a. 1. Not registered as a voter. 2. Unplun- 
dered ; noj; stripped. Fanshaw. 

UN-POL-L'uT'ED, a. Not polluted; not defiled; not cor- 
rupted. 

UN-POP'U-LAR, a. 1. Not popular; not having the public 
favor. 2. Not pleasing the people. 

UN-POP-U-LAR'I-TY, n. The state of not enjoying the 
publjc favor, or of not pleasing the people, 

UN-PoRT'A-BLE, a. Not to be carried, Raleiffh. 

UN-PoR'TIONED, a. Not endowed or furnished with a 
portion or fortune. 

UN-PoRT'U-OUS, a. Having no ports. Bitrke. 

UN-POS-SESS'ED, a. Not possessed ; not held ; not occu- 
pied. 

UN-POS-SESS'ING, a. Having no possessions. Shak. 

fUN-POS'SI-BLE, a. Not possible. 

UN-POWDERED, a. Not sprinkled with powder. 

t UN-PRA€'TI-€A-BLE, a. That cannot be performed. 

UN-PRA€'TlCED, a. 1. Not having been taught by prac- 
tice ; not skilled; not having experience; raw; unskill- 
ful. 2. Not known ; not familiar by use ; [obs.] 

UN-PRaIS'ED, a. Not praised ; not celebrated, Dryden. 

UN-PRE-€a'RI-OUS, a. Not dependent on another; not 
uncertain. Blackmore. 

UN-PREC'E-DENT-ED, a. Having no precedent or exam- 
ple ; not preceded by a like case ; not having the authori- 
ty of prior example. Swift. 

UN-PRE-ClSE', a. Not precise ; not exact. Warton. 

UN-PRE-DES'TiNED, a. Not previously determined. 

UN-PRE-DI€T', v. t. To retract prediction. Milton. 

UN-PRE-FER'RED, a. Not preferred ; not advanced 
Collier. 

UN-PREG'NANT, a. Not pregnant. 2. Not prolific ; not 
quick of wit. Shak. 

UN-PRE-Ju'DI-€ATE, a. Not prepossessed by settled 
opinions. [Little used."] Taylor. 

UN-PREJ'U-DlCED, a. 1. Not prejudiced ; free from un- 
d ue bias or prepossession ; not preoccupied by opinion ; 
impartial. 2. Not warped by prejudice. 

UN-PRE J'U-DIC-ED-NESS, n. State of being unprejudiced. 
Clarke. 

TJN-PRE-LAT'T-€AL, a. Unsuitable to a prelate. 

UN-PRE-MED'I-TA-TED, a. 1. Not previously meditated 
or prepared in the mind. 2. Not previously purposed or 
intended ; not done by design. 

UN-PRE-PaR'ED, a. 1. Not prepared ; not ready ; not fit 
ted or furnished by previous measures. 2. Not prepared 
by holiness of life for the event of death and a happy im- 
mortality. 

UN-PRE-PaR'ED-N£SS, n. State of being unprepared. 

UN-PRE-POS-SESS'ED, a. Not prepossessed; not biased 
by previous opinions ; not partial. South. 

UN-PRE-POS-SESS'ING, a. Not having a winning ap- 
pearance. 

UN-PRESS'ED, a. 1. Not pressed. 2. Not enforced. 

UN-PRE-SUMP'TU-OUS, a. Not presumptuous; not rash ; 
modest; submissive. Cowper. 

UN-PRE-TEND'ING, a. Not claiming distinction ; modest. 

UN-PRE-VaIL'ING, a. Being of no force ; vain. Shak. 

UN-PRE-VENT'ED, a. I, Not prevented ; not hindered 
Shak. 2. Not preceded by any thing ; [obs.] Milton. 

UN-PRIeST', v. t. To deprive of the orders of a priest. 

UN-PRlEST'LY, a. Unsuitable to a priest. Bale. 

UN-PRINCE', ^'- t. To deprive of principality or sov- 
ereignty. Swift. 

UN-PRiNCE'LY, a. Unbecoming a prince ; not resembling 
a prince. K. Charles. 

UN-PRIN'CI-PLED, a. 1. Not having settled principles. 
2. Having no good moral principles ; destitute of virtue ; 
not restrained by conscience ; profligate. 
UN-PRINT'ED, a. 1. Not printed ; as a literary work. Pope. 

2. Not stamped with figures ; white. 
UN-PRIS'ONED, a. Set free from confinement, 
UN-PRiZ'A-BLE, a. Not valued ; not of estimation, 
UN-PRlZ'ED, a. Not valued. Shak. 

UN-PRO-€LaIM'ED, a. Not proclaimed ; not notified by 
public declaration. Milton. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, tj, "2, loii.ff.~FA.R, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— Obsolete. 



UNP 



887 



UNR 



i)N-PRO-DUe'TIVE, a. 1. Not productive ; barren. Burke. 
— 2. More generalhj, not producing Jarge crops ; not ma- 
king profitable returns for labor. 3. Not profitable ; not 
producing profit or interest, as capital. 4. Not efiicient ; 
not producing any eifect. 

UN-PR0-DU€'T1VE-NESS, n. The state of being unpro- 
ductive, as land, stock, capital, labor, &c. 

UN-PRO-FaN'ED, a. Not profaned ; not violated. 

UN-PRO-FES'SION-AL, a. 1, Not pertaining to one's pro- 
fession 2. Not belonging to a profession. 

irN-PRO-Fl"CIEN-CY, n. Want of proficiency or improve- 
ment. Hall. 

UN-PROF'IT-A-BLE, a. 1. Bringing no profit; producing 
no gain beyond the labor, expenses and interest of capi- 
tal. 2. Producing no improvement or advantage ; use- 
less ; serving no purpose. 3. Not useful to others. 4. 
Misimproving talejits ; bringing no glory to God. Matt. 

XXV. 

UN-PROF'IT-A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of producing no 
profit or good ; uselessness ; inutility. Addison. 

UN-PROF'IT-A-BLY, adv. 1. Without profit; without 
clear gain. 2. Without any good effect or advantage ; to 
no good purpose. 

UN-PROF' [T-ED, a. Not having profit or gain. Shak. 

L'N-PRO-HIB'IT-ED, a. Not prohibited ; not forbid ; law- 
ful. 

UN-PRO-JE€T'ED, a. Not planned ; not projected. 

UN-PRO-LIF'ie, a. 1. Not prolific ; barren ; not producing 
young or fruit. 2. Not producing in abundance. 

UN-PROM'IS-ING, a. Not promising; not aflfording a fa- 
vorable prospect of success, of excellence, of profit, &c. 

UN-PROMPT'ED, a. 1. Not prompted ; not dictated. 2. 
Not excited or instigated. 

UN-PR 0-NOUNCE'A-BLE, a. That cannot be pronounced. 

UN-PRO-NOUN CED, a. Not pronounced ; not uttered. 

UN-PROP', V. t. To remove a prop from; to deprive of 
support. 

t UN-PROP'ER, a. Not fit or proper. 

t UN-PROP'ER-LY, ad^. Unfitly. See Improperly. 

UN-PRO-PHET'ie, \a. Not foreseeing or not predict- 

UN-PRO-PHET'I-eAL, \ ing future events. 

UN-PRO-Pi"TIOUS, a. Not propitious ; not favorable ; not 
disposed to promote ; inauspicious. Pope. 

UN-PRO-Pl"TIOUS-LY, adv. Unfavorably ; unkindly. 

UN-PRO-PoR'TION-A-BLE, a Wanting due proportion. 

UN-PRO-PoR'TION-ATE, a. Wanting proportion ; dispro- 
portionate ; unfit. 

UN-PRO-PoR'TIONED, a. Not proportioned ; not suitable. 

UN-PRO-PoS'ED, a. Not proposed ; not offered. Dryden. 

UN-PROP'PED, a. Not propped ; not supported. 

UN-PROS'PER-OUS, a. Not prosperous; not attended 
with success ; unfortunate. Pope. 

UN-PROS'PER-OUS-LY, adv. Unsuccessfully; unfortu- 
nately. Taylor. 

UN-PROS'PER-OUS-NESS, n. Want of success ; failure 
of the desired result. Hammond. 

UN-PROS'TI-TU-TED, a. Not prostituted ; not debased. 

UN-PRO-TEeT'ED, a. 1. Not protected ; not defended. 
Hooker. 2. Not countenanced ; not supported. 

UN-PRO-TRAeT'ED, a. Not protracted ; not drawn out in 
length. 

UN-PRc5V'ED, a. ]. Not proved ; not known by trial. 2. 
Not established as true by argument, or evidence. 

UN-PRO- VIDE', V. t. To unfurnish ; to divest or strip of 
qualifications. Southern. 

UN-PRO-VID'ED, pp. 1. Divested of qualifications. 2. a. 
Not provided ; unfurnished ; unsupplied. Dnjden. 

t UN-PROV'I-DENT, a. Improvident. 

UN-PRO-Vl' SIONED, a. Not furnished with provisions. 

tJN-PRO-VoK'ED, a. ]. Not provoked; not incited. 2. 
Not proceeding from provocation or just cause. 

UN-PRO-VoKTNG, a. Giving no provocation or offense. 

t UN-PRU-DEN'TIAL, a. Imprudent. Milton. 

UN-PRUN'ED, a. Not pruned ; not lopped. Shak. 

UN-PUB'LI€, a. Not public ; private ; not generally seen 
or known. Taylor. 

UN-PUB'LlSHEiD, a. 1. Not made public ; secret ; private. 
2. Not published, as a manuscript or book. Pope. 

UN-PUN€T'U-AL, a. Not punctual ; not exact in lime. 

UN-PUN€T-U-AL'I-TY, n. Want of punctuality. 

UN-PUN€T'U-A-TED, a. Not punctuated ; not pointed. 

UN-PUN'ISHED, a Not punished ; suffered to pass with- 
out punishment or with impunity. Dryden. 

UN-PUN'ISH-ING, a. Not punishing. 

UN-PUR'CHASED, a. Not purchased ; not bought. 

t UN-PtJRE', a. Not pure; impure. See Impure. 

UN-PUR'6ED, a. Not purged ; unpurified. Milton. 

UN-Pu'RI-FlED, a. 1. Not purified ; not freed from foul 
matter. 2. Not cleansed from sin ; unsanctified. 

UN-PUR'POSED, a. Not intended ; not designed. 

UN-PURS'ED, a. Robbed of a purse. Pollok. 

UN-PUR-Su'ED, a. Not pursued ; not followed ; not pros- 
ecuted. Milton. 



UN-Pu TRE-FiED, a. Not putrefied ; not corrupted 

UN-aUAFF'ED, a. Not quaffed ; not drank. Byron. 

UN-aUAL'I-FlED, a. 1. Not qualified ; not fit ; not having 
the requisite talents, abilities, or accomplishments. 2 
Not having taken the requisite oath or oaths. 3. Not 
modified or restricted by conditions or exceptions. 

t UN-aUAL'I-FY, V. t. To divest of qualifications. 

t UN-aUAL'I-TiED, a. Deprived of the usual faculties 

t UN-dUAR'REL-A-BLE, a. That cannot be impugne.i. 

UN-aUEEN', V. t. To divest of the dignity of queen. 

UN-CIUELL'ED, a. Not quelled ; not subdued. Thomson. 

UN-aUENCH'A-BLE, a. That cannot be quenched ; that 
will never be extinguished ; inextinguishable. 

UN-aUENCH'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of be- 
ing inextinguishable. Hakewill. 

UN-QUENCH'A-BLY, anlv. In a manner or degree so as 
not to be quenched. 

UN-aUENCH'ED, a. Not extinguished. Bacon. 

UN-CIUES'TION-A-BLE, a. Not to be questioned ; not to 
be doubted ; indubitable ; certain. Addison. 

UN-QUES'TION-A-BLY, ado. Without doubt; indubi 
tably. 

UN-aUES'TIONED, a. 1. Not called in question ; not 
doubted. 2. Not interrogated ; having no questions asked , 
not examined. 3. Indisputable ; not to be opposed. 

UN-aUES'TION-ING, a. Not calling in question; not 
doubting ; unhesitating. J. M. Mason. 

UN-O.UI€K', a. 1. Not quick; slow. 2. Not alive; mo 
tionless ; [obs.] 

UN-aUieK'ENED, a. Not animated ; not matured to vi 
tality._ 

UN-dUl'ET, a. 1. Not quiet ; not calm or tranquil ; rest- 
less ; uneasy. 2. Agitated ; disturbed by continual 
motion. 3. tFnsatisfied ; restless, 

t UN-Q,Ul'ET, V. t. To disquiet. Herbert. 

UN-GlUl'ET-LY, adv. In an unquiet state ; without rest , 
in an agitated state. Shak. 

UN-aUl'ET-NESS, n. 1. Want of quiet ; want of tranquil- 
lity ; restlessness ; uneasiness. 2. Want of peace as of 
a nation. 3. Turbulence ; disposition to make trouble or 
excite djsturbance. 

t \JN-Q.Ul'E-TUDE, n. Uneasiness ; restlessness. 

UN-RA€K'ED, a. Not racked ; not poured from the lees 

UN-RaK'ED, a. 1. Not raked. 2. Not raked together ; not 
raked up, as fire. Shak. 

UN-RAN'SA€KED, a. Not ransacked; not searched. 2 
Not pillaged. Knolles. 

UN-RAN'S6MED, a. Not ransomed ; not liberated from 
captivity or bondage by payment for liberty. 

UN-RASH', a. Not rash ; not presumptuous. Clarendon. 

UN-RAVEL, V. t. 1. To disentangle; to disengage or 
separate threads that are knit. 2. To free ; to clear from 
complication or difficulty. 3. To separate connected or 
united parts ; to throw into disorder. 4. To unfold, as 
the plot or intrigue of a play. 

UN-RAVEL, V. i. To be unfolded ; to be disentangled. 

UN-RAVEL-MENT, n. The development of the plot in p 
play. 

LTN-Ra'ZORED, a. Unshaven. Milton. 

UN-ReACH'ED, a. Not reached ; not attained to. 

UN-READ', (un-red') a. 1. Not read ; not recited ; not pe- 
rused. Dryden. 2. Untaught ; not learned in books. 
Dryden. 

UN-READ'I-NESS, (un-red'e-nes) n. 1. Want of readiness , 
want ofpromptness or dexterity. 2. Want of preparation. 

UN-READ'Y, (un-red'y) a. 1. Not ready; r)ot prepared; 
not fit. 2. Not prompt ; not quick. 3. Awkward ; un- 
gainly. 

UN-Rfi'AL, a. Not real ; not substantial ; having appear 
ance only. Milton. 

UN-RE-AL'I-TY, n. Want of reality or real existence, 

UN-ReAP'ED, a. Not reaped ; as, unreaped wheat. 

UN-ReAS'ON-A-BLE, a. 1. Not agreeable to reason. S 
Exceeding the bounds of reason ; claiming or insisting on 
more than is fit. 3. Immoderate; exorbitant 4- Irra- 
tional. 

UN-RE AS'ON-A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Inconsistency with 
reason. 2. Exorbitance ; excess of demand, claim, pas- 
sion jind the like. 

UN-ReAS'ON-A-BLY, adv. I. In a manner contrary tc 
reason. 2. Excessively ; immoderately ; more than 
enough. 

UN-ReAS'ONED, a. Not reasoned. Burke. 

UN-ReAVE', v. t. 1. To unwind ; to disentangle ; to loose; 
2. Not to rive ; not to tear asunder ; not to unroof; [obs.] 

UN-RE-BaT'ED, a. Not blunted. Hakewill. 

UN-RE-BuK'A-BLE, a. Not deserving rebuke ; not obnox- 
ious to censure. 1 Tim. vi. 

UN-RE-CeIVED, a. 1. Not received ; not taken. 2. Not 
come into possession. 3. Not adopted ; not embraced. 

UN-RE€K'ONED, a Not reckoned or enumerated. 

UN-RE-€LaIM'A^BLE, a. That cannot be reclaimed, re- 
formed or domesticated. 

UN-RE-€LaIM'ED, a. 1. Not reclaimed ; not brought to a 



• See Synopsis MOVE BOOK, D6VE -.—BULL. UNITE— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; Ctt as SH ; TH as in this Obsolete 



UNR 



888 



UNK 



domestic state ; not tamed. 2. Not reformed ; uot called 
back from vice to virtue 

UN-RE€ OM-PENSED, a Not recompensed j not re- 
warded. 

UN-RE-€ON-ClL'A-BLE, a. 1. Tliat cannot be reconciled ; 
that cannot be made consistent with. 2. Not reconcila- 
ble ; not capable of being appeased ; implacable. 3. That 
c-annot be persuaded to lay aside enmity or opposition, 
and to become friendly or favorable. 
UN-REe-ON-CiLED, a. 1. Not reconciled ,; not made con- 
sistent. 2. Not appeased ; not having become favorable. 
— 3. In a theological sense, not having laid aside opposi- 
tion and enmity to God. 

UN-RE-€ORD'ED, a. 1. Not recorded ; not registered. 2. 
Not kept in remembrance by public monuments. 

UN-RE-eOUNT ED, a. Not recounted ; not told ; not re- 
lated or recited. Shak. 

UN-RE-€6V'ER-A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be recovered ; 
past recovery. 2. That cannot be regained. 

UN-RE-€6V'ERED, a. 1. Not recovered ; not recalled 
into possession ; not regained. 2. Not restored to 
health. 

t UN-RE-€RuIT'A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be recruited. 
2. Incapable of recruiting. Milton. 

UN-RE€ TI-FlED, a. Not rectified ; not correcte'il. 

tUN-RE-€uRING, a. That cannot be cured. Shak. 

UN-RE-DEEM'A-BLE, a. That cannot be redeemed. 

UN-RE-DEEMED, a. 1. Not redeemed j not ransomed. 
2. Not paid ; not recalled into the treasury or bank by 
payment of the value iu money. 

UN-RE-DRESS'ED, a. I. Not redressed ; not relieved from 
injustice^ 2. Not removed ; not reformed. 

UN-RE-Du CED, a. Not reduced; not lessened in size, 
quantitv or amount. 

UN-RE-Du'CI-BLE, a. Not capable of reduction, .^sh. 

UN-RE-Dtj CI-BLE-NESS, ?i. The quality of not being ca- 
pable of reduction. South. 

UN-REE YE', (un-reev') v. t. To withdraw or take out a 
rope from a block, thimble, &;c. See Unreave. 

UN-RE-FiN'ED, a. 1. Not refined ; not purified ; as, unre- 
fined sugar. 2. Not refined or polished in manners. 

UN-RE-FORM' A-BLE, a. 1. Not capable of being put into 
a new form. 2. That cannot be reformed or amended. 

UN-RE-FORM'ED, a. 1. A"ot reformed ; not reclaimed from 
vice. 2. Not amended ; not corrected. 3. Not reduced 
to tmth and regularity ; not freed from error. 

UN-RE-FRA€T ED, a. Not refracted, as rays of light. 

UN-RE-FRESH ED, a. Not refreshed ; not relieved from 
fatigue ; not cheered. 

UN-RE-FRESH'ING, a. Not refreshing ; not invigorating ; 
not cooling ; not relieving from depression or toil. 

UN-RE-GaRD'ED, a. Not regarded ; not heeded ; not no- 
ticed ; neglected ; slighted. Swift. 

UN-RE-GARD'FUL, a. Not giving attention; heedless; 
negligent. 

UN-RE-'5;EN'ER-A-CY, n. State of being unregenerate. 

UN-RE-GEN'ER-ATE, a. Not regenerated ; not renewed 
in heart : remaining at enmity with God. Stephens. 

UN-REG I'S-TERED, a. Not registered ; not recorded. 

UN-REG'U-LA-TED, a. Not regulated ; not reduced to 
order. 

UN-REIN'ED, a. Not restrained by the bridle. Mlton. 

UN-RE-JOI'CING, a. Unjoyous ; gloomy; sad. Thomson. 

UN-RE-LaT'ED, a. 1. Not related by blood or afiinity. 2. 
Having no connection with. 

UN-REL A-TiVE, a. Not relative ; not relating ; having 
no relation to. Chesterfield. 

UN-REL' A-TiVE-LY, adv. Without relation to. [L. «.] 

UN-RE I.ENT'ING, a. 1. Not relenting; having no pity ; 
hard ; cruel. 2. Not yielding to pity. 3. Not yielding to 
circumstances ; inflexibly rigid. 

UN-RE-LIeV'A-BLE, a. Ad^mitting no relief or succor. 
Boyle _ 

UN-RE-LIeVED, a. 1. Not relieved ; not eased or deliv- 
ered from pain. 2. Not succored ; not delivered from 
confinement or distress. 3. Not released from duty. 

UN-RE-MaRK'A-BLE, a. 1. Not remarkable ; not worthy 
of particular notice. 2. Not capable of beins observed. 

UN-RE-MaRK ED, a. Not remarked; unobserved. Mel- 
moth. _ 

UN-RE-MeDI- A-BLE, a. [See Remediable.] That can- 
not be cured : admitting no remedy. Sidner/. 

UN-REM'E-DlED, n. Not cured ; not remedied. Milton. 

UX-RE-MEMBERED, a. Not remembered ; not retained in 
the mind : not recollected. Wotton. 

l)N-RE-MEMBER-ING, a. Having no memory. Drydcn. 

t UN-RE-3IEM BRANCE, n. Want of remembrance. 

UN-RE MIT'TE'^, «. 1. Not remitted ; not forgiven. 2. 
Not having a temporary relaxation. 3. Not relaxed ; not 
abated. 

UN-RE-MIT'TING, a. Not abating; not relaxing for a 
time ; incessant : continued. 

UN-RE-MIT TING -LY, adv. Without abatement. 

UN-RE-MOV'A-BLE, a. That cannot be removed ; fixed 



UN-RE-5I0V'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of being 
fixed and uot capable of being removed. Hall. 

UN-RE-M(3V'A-BjjY, adv. In a manner that admits of no 
removal. Shak. 

UN-RE-M5V'ED, a. 1. Not removed ; not taken away. 2 
Not capable of being removed. Milton. 

UN-RE-NEWED, a. 1. Not made anew. 2. Not regen- 
erated ; jiot born of the Spirit ; as, a heart unrenewed. 

UN-RE-PaID', a. Not repaid : not compensated. 

UN-RE-PeAL'ED, a. Not repealed ; not revoked or abro- 
gated ; remaining in force. 

UN-RE-PENT^ANCE, ?;. State of being impenitent. [L.u.] 

UN-RE- PENT'ANT, or UN-RE-PENT'ING, a. Not repent- 
ing ; not penitent ; uot contrite for sin. Dryden. 

UN-RE-PENT'ED, a. Not repented of. Hooker 

UN-RE-PIN'ING, a. Not repining ; not peevishly murmur- 
ing or complaining. Roue. 

UN-RE-PiN'ING-LY, adv. Without peevish complaints, 

UN-RE-PLEN'ISHED, a. Not replenished ; not filled ; not 
adequatelv supplied. Boyle. 

UN-RE-PoS ED, a. Not reposed. 

UN-REP-RE-SENT'ED, a. Not represented; having no one 
to act in one's stead 

UN-RE-PRIeT' A-BLE, a. That cannot be reprieved or 
respited from death. 

UN-RE- PRIeV'ED, a. Not reprieved ; not respited. 

UN-RE-PRoACH ED, a. Not upbraided ; not reproached. 

UN-RE-PR5V'A-BLE, a. Not deserving reproof; that can- 
not be justly censured. Col.i. 

UN-RE-PRoV'ED, a. 1. Not reproved; not censured. 
Sandys. 2. Not liable to reproof or blame. Milton. 

UN-RE-PUG'NANT, a. Not repugnant ; not opposite. 
Hooker. 

UN-REP'U-TA-BLE, a. Not reputable. 

UN-RE-QUEST'ED, a. Not requested ; notasked. Knolles, 

UN-RE-aUIT'A-BLE, a. Not to be retaliated. 

UN-RE-QLlT'ED, a. Not requited ; not recompensed. 

UN-RES €UED, a. Not rescued ; not delivered. Pollok. 

UN-RE-SENT'ED, a. Not resented; not regarded with 
anger. 

UN-RE-SERVE', n. Absence of reserve ; frankness ; free- 
dom of communication. Warton. 

UN-RE-SERV'ED, a. 1. Not reserved ; not retained when 
a part is granted. 2. Not limited ; not withheld in part ; 
f-^.l ; entire. 3. Open ; frank ; concealing or withholding 
i,;thing ; free. 

UN-RE-SERV'ED-LY, adv. 1. Without limitation or res- 
ervation. 2. With open disclosure ; frankly ; without 
concealment. 

UN-RE-SERV'ED-NESS, n. Frankness ; openness ; free- 
dom of communication ; unlimitedness. Pope. 

UN-RE-SIST'ED, a. 1. Not resisted ; not opposed. 2. Re- 
sistless ; such as cannot be successfully opposed. Pope. 

UN-RE-SIST'I-BLE, a. Irresistible. Temple. 

UN-RE-SIST ING, a. 1. Not making resistance ; yielding 
to ph vsicai force or to persuasion. 2. Submissive ; humble. 

UN-RE-SIST'ING-LY, adv. Without resistance. 

UN-RE-SOLV' A-BLE, a. That cannot be solved or resolved. 

UN-RE-SOLV'ED, a. 1. Not resolved; not determined. 
Shak. 2. Not solved ; not cleared. Locke. 

UN-RE-SOLVIxN^G, <i. Not resolving ; undetermined. 

t UN-RE-SPE€T'A-BLE, a. Not respectable. Malone. 

UN-RE-SPE€T'ED, a. Not respected ; not regarded wita 
respect. Shak. 

t UN-RE-SPE€T'IVE, a. Inattentive ; taking little notice 

UN-RES'PIT-ED, a. 1. Not respited. 2. Admitting no 
pause or intermission. Milton. 

UN-RE-SPONS'I-BLE, a. 1. Not answerable ; not liable. 
2. Not able to answer ; not having the property to respond. 

t UN-REST', 7t. Unquietness; uneasiness, Wotton. 

UN-REST ING, a. Not resting ; continually in motion. 

UN-RE-SToR'ED, a. ]. Not restored ; not having recov 
ered health. 2. Not restored to a former place, to favor 
or to a former condition. 

UN-RE-STRaIN'A-BLE, a. That cannot be restrained. 

UN-RE-STRaINED, a. 1. Not restrained ; not contBolled 
not confined ; not hindered. 2. Licentious ; loose. 3. 
Not limited. 

UN-RE-STRaINT', n. Freedom from restraint. 

UN-RE-STRI€T'ED, a. Not restricted ; not limited. 

UN-RE-TRA€T'ED, a. Not retracted ;'not recalled. 

UN-RE-VeAL'ED, a. Not revealed ; not discovered. 

UN-RE- VEN'GED, a. 1. Not revenged. 2. Not vindicated 
bv just punishment. Addison, 

UN-RE-VEN6E FUL, a. Not disposed to revenge. 

UN-REV'E-NUED,' a. Not furnished with a revenue. 

UN-REV'ER-END, a. 1. Not reverend. 2. Disrespectful , 
ir;evenent. Shak. 

UN-REV ER-ENT, a. Irreverent. 

UN-RE V'ER-ENT-LY, adv. Irreverently, which see. 

UN-RE-VERS'ED, a. Not reversed ; not annulled by a 
counter decision. 

UN-RE- ViS'ED, a. Not revised ; not reviewed ; not cei- 
rected. 



♦ 8u Synopsis A, E, T, O, U, "?, long.—F&.R, FALL, WHAT ;— PRfiY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD j— f Obsolete. 



UJNS 



889 



UJNJS 



(TN-KE-VIVED, a. Not revived ; not recalled into life. 

j;N-RE-VoK'ED, a. Not revoked ; not recalled ; not an- 
nulled. ^Milton. 

IJN-RE-WARDED, a. Not rewarded ; not compensated. 

UN-RID'DLiE, V. t. 1. To solve or explain. 2. To explain 

UN-RIDDLED, pp. Explained ; interpreted. 

UN-RID'DLER, n. One who explains an enigma. 

UN-RID'DLING, ppr. Solving ; explaining. 

(JN-RI-DI€U-LOUS, a. Not ridiculous. 

lIN-Rl'FLED, a. Not rifled ; not robbed ; not stripped. 

UN-RIG', V. t. To strip of both standing and running rig- 
ging. 

UX-RIG'GED, pp. Stripped of rigging. 

UN-RIG GING, ppr. Stripring of rigging. 

t UN-RlGHT , a. Not right ; wrong. 

UN-RlGHT'EOUS, (un-ri chus) a. [S^x. unrihtwis.l 1. Not 
jighteous ; not just ; not conformed in heart and life to 
the divine law ; evil ; wicked. 2. Unjust j contrary to 
law and equity. 

UN-RIGHT'EOLTS-LY, (un-ri'chus-ly) adv. Unjustly ; 
wickedly; sinfullv. Dryden. 

UN-iUGHT'EOUS-NESS, (un-rl'chus-nes) n. Injustice ; a 
violation of the divine law, or of the plain principles of 
justice and equity ; wickedness. 

UN-RIGHT FUE, a. Not rightful ; not just. Shak. 

UN-RING', V. l. To deprive of a ring or of rings. Hudibras. 

1 UN-Rl'OT-ED, a. Free from rioting. May. 

UN-RIF, V. t. To rip. [Improper,] Bacon. 

UN-RIPE , a. 1. Not ripe j not mature ; not brought to a 
state of perfection. 9. Not seasonable ; not yet proper. 
3. Npt prepared ; not completed. 4. Too early ; [unusual.] 

UN-Rl'PENED, a. Not ripened ; not matured. .Addison. 

UN-RiPE NESS, 71 Want of ripeness ; immaturity. 

UN-Ri'VALED, a. 1. Having no rival ; having no compet- 
itor Pope. 2. Having no equal ; peerless. 

UN-RIVET, V. t. To loose from rivets ; to unfasten. 

UN-Rn''ET-ED, pp. Loosed from rivets ; unfastened. 

UN-RI\''ET-ING, ;)pr. Unfastening; loosing from rivets. 

UA'-RoBE', V. t. To strip of a robe ; to undress ; to disrobe. 

UN-RoLL', V. t. 1. To open what is rolled or convolved. 
2. To displiy. Dryden. 

UN^-RoLL ED, pp. Opened, afi a roll ; displayed. 

UN-RoLL'ING, ppr. Opening, as a roll ; displaying. 

UN-Ro'MAN-lZED, a. Not subjected to Roman arms or 
customs. TVkitaker. 

UN-RO-^NtANTre, a. Not romantic; not fanciful. 

UN-ROOF', V. t. To strip off the roof or covering of a house. 

UN-ROOFED, ^j Stripped of the roof. 

UN-R00F'ING,7/OT-. Stripping of the roof. 

UN-ROOST ED, a. Driven from the roost. Shak. 

UN-ROOT', V. t. To tear up by the roots ; to extirpate ; to 
eradicate. Drydrn. 

UN-ROOT', V. i. To be torn up by the roots. 

UN-ROUGH', (un-rufi'') a. Not rough ; unbearded ; smooth. 

UN-ROUND ED, a. Not made round. Donne. 

UN-ROUT'ED, a. Not routed ; not thrown into disorder. 

UN-ROY' AL, a. Not royal ; unprincely. Sidney. 

UN-RUF'FLE, v. i. To cease from being ruffled or agitated ; 
to subside to smoothness. .Addison. 

UN-RUF FLED, a. 1. Calm ; tranquil ; not agitated. Jid- 
dison. 2. Not disturbed ; not agitated. 

UN-RuL'ED, a. Not ruled ; not governed ; not directed by 
superior power or authority. Spenser. 

UN-RU'LI-NESS, 71. 1. Disregard of restraint ; licentious- 
ness ; turbulence. 2. The disposition ofabea-st to break 
overfences and wander from an inclosure. 

UN^-Ru LY, a- 1. Disregarding restraint ; licentious , dis- 
posed to violate laws; turbulent; ungovernable. 2. Ac- 
customed to break over fences and escape from inclosures ; 
apt to break or leap fences. 

UN-RU'MI-NA-TED, a. Not well chewed ; not well di- 
gested. Bolingbroke. 

UN-RUM'PLE, V. t. To free from rumples ; to spread or lay 
even. £ddison. 

UN-SAD'DEN, (un-sad'n) v. t. To relieve from sadness. 

UN-SAD'DLE, v. t. To strip of a saddle ; to take the saddle 
from. 

UN-SAD DLED, pp. I. Divested of the saddla 2. a. Not 
saddled ; not having a saddle on 

UN-SaFE', a. 1. Not safe ; not free from danger ; exposed 
to harm or destruction. Dryden. 2. Hazardous. 

UN-SaFE'LY, adv. Not safely ; not without danger; in a 
state exposed to loss, liarni or destruction. 

UN-SaFE'TY, 7i. Statfe of being unsafe ; exposure to dan- 
ger. Bacon. 

UN-SAID', (un-sed') a. Not said ; not spoken ; not uttered. 

UN-SaINT', v. t. To deprive of saintship. South. 

UN-SaINT'ED, p;>. Not sainted. 

»JA"-SaL'A-BLE, a. Not salable ; not in demand ; not meet- 
ing a ready sale ; as, unsalable goods. 

UN-SALT'ED, a. Not salted ; not pickled ; fresh. 

UN-SA-LuT ED, a. Not saluted ; not greeted. 

UN-SAN€'TI-FiED, a. 1. Not sanctified; unholy. Tho- 
dey. 2. Not consecrated. 



UN-SAN€VTIONED, a. Not sanctioned 5 not ratified; n 
approved ; not authorized. Walsh. 

UN-SAN'DALED, a. Not wearing sandals. 

UN-SaT'ED, a. Not sated ; not satisfied or satiated. 

UN-Sa'TIA-BLE, a. That cannot be satisfied. 

tUN-SA'TL-^TE, a. Not satisfied. More. 

UN-SAT-IS-FAC'TION, n. Dissatisfaction. Brown. 

UN-SAT-IS-FA€'T0-RI-LY, adv. So as not to give satis- 
faction. 

UN-SAT-IS-FAU TO-RI-NESS, v. The quality or state of 
not being satisfactory ; failure to give satisfaction. 

UN-SAT-1S-FA€'T0-RY, a. 1. Not giving satisfaction, 
not convincing the mind. 2. Not giving content. 

UN-SAT'IS-FI-A-BLE, a. That cannot be satisfied. Taylor. 

UN-SAT'IS-FlED, a. 1, Not satisfied ; not having enough ; 
not filled ; not gratified to the full. 2. Not content ; not 
pleased. 3. Not settled in opinion ; not resting in confi- 
dence of the truth of any thing. 4. Not convinced or 
fuliv persuaded. 5. Not fully paid. 

UN-Sx\T'IS-FIED-NESS, n. The state of behig not satis- 
fied or content. 

UN-SAT'IS-FY-ING, a. Not affording full gratification of 
appetite or desire ; not giving content ; not convincing 
the mind. 

UN-SAT'IS-Ff^-ING-NESS, n. Incapability of gratifying to 
the fill. Bp. Taylor. 

UN-SAT'U-RA-TED, a. Not saturated ; not supplied to the 
full._ 

UN-SaV'ED, a. Not saved ; not having eternal life. Pollok. 

UN-Sa'VOR-I-LY, adv. So as to displease or disgust. 
j\rilton. 

UN-Sa'VOR-I-NESS, n. A bad taste or smell. Johnson. 

UN-Sa'VOR-Y, a. 1. Tasteless; having no taste. 2. Hav- 
ing a bad taste or smell. 3. Unpleasing ; disgusting. 

UN-SaY', v. i. ; pret. and pp. unsaid. To recant or recall 
what has been said ; to retract ; to deny something de- 
clared. 

UN-S€a'LY, a. Not scaly ; having no scales Gay. 

UN-S€AN'NED, a Kol measured ; not computed. Shak. 

UN-S€aR ED, a. Not scared ; not frightened away. 

UN-S€aR'RED, a. Not m.arked with scars or wounds. 

UN-SCATTERED, a. Not scattered ; not dispersed ; not 
thrown into confusion. 

UN-SCHOL'AR-LY, a. Not suitable to a scholar. 

UN-SCHO-LAS'Tie, a. 1. Not bred to literature. Locke 
2. Not scholastic. 

UN-SCHOOL'ED, a. Not taught; no'^ educated; illiter- 
ate. Hunker. 

UN-SCl-EN-TIF'I€, a. Not scientific ; not according to the 
rules or principles of science. 

UN-SCI-EN-1'IF'l-CAL-LY, adv. In a manner contrary to 
the rules or principles of science. 

UN-SCIN TIL-LA-TING, a. Not sparkling ; not emitting 
sparks. J. Barloic. 

UN-S€ORCH'ED, a. Not scorched ; not affected by fire 
Shak. 

UN-SCo'RI-FlED, a. Not scorified ; not converted into 
dross. 

UN-SCOUR'ED, a. Not scoured ; not cleaned by rubbing. 

UN-S€RATCH'ED, a. Not scratched ; not torn. Shak. 

UN-S€REEN'ED, a. Not screened; not covered ; not shel- 
tered ; not protected. Boyle. 

UN-SCREW, V. t. To draw the screws from ; to loose 
from screws ; to unfasten. Burnet. 

UN-SeRE\^''ED, pp. Loosed from screws. 

UN-SCREWING, ppr. Drawing the screws from. 

UN-SCRIPT'U-RAL, a. Not agreeable to the Scriptures. 
not warranted by the authority of the word of God. 

UN-SCRIPT U-RAL-LY, adv. In a manner not according 
with the Scriptures. 

UN-SCRC'PU-LOUS, a. Not scrupulous ; having no scru- 
ples. 

UN-SCRlTPU-LOUS-NESS, n. Want of scrupulousness. 

UN-S€RU'TA-BLE. See Inscrotable. 

UN-SCUTCH'E6NED, a. Not honored with a coat of 
arms. 

UN-SeAL', v. t. To break or remove the seal of; to open 
what is sealed ; as, to unseal a letter. 

UN-SeAL'ED, jTp. 1. Opened, as something sealed 2. a 
Not jealed ; having no seal, or the seal broken. Shak 

UN-SEAL'ING,;j;?r. Breaking the seal of; opening. 

UN-SeAM, v. t. To rip ; to cut open. Shak. 

UN-SEARCH'A-BLE, (un-serch'a-bl) a. That cannot be 
searched or explored ; inscrutable ; hidden ; mysterious. 

UN-SEARCH' A-BLE-NESS, (un-serch a-bl-nes) n. The 
quality or state of being unsearchable, or beyond the 
power of man to explore. 

UN-SEARCH A-BLY, (un-serch'a-bly) adv. In a manner so 
as not to be explored. 

UN-SEARCII'ED, (un-serchf) a. Not searched ; not ex- 
plored ; not critically examined. 

UN-SeAS'ON-A-BLE, (un-se zn-a-bl) a. 1. Not seasona- 
ble ; not being in the proper season or time. 2. Not suit- 
ed to the tinie or occasion ; unfit ; untimely ; ill-timed. 



* See Synapsis MoVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH • TH as in thio f Obsolete. 



UNS 



UNS 



3. Late ; being beyond the usual time, 4. Not agreeable 
to the time of the year. 
I^N-SeAS'ON-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of be- 
ing unseasonable, ill-timed, or out of the usual time. 
UN-SeAS'ON-A-ELY, adv.. Not seasonably ; not in due 
time, or not in the usual timl^ not in the time best adapt- 
ed to success. X)r?/de7i. i:- 
UN-SeAS'ON£D, (un-se'znd) a. 1. Not seasoned ; not ex- 
hausted of the natural juices and hardened for use. 2. 
Not inured ; not accustomed ; not fitted to endure any 
tning by use or habit. 3. Unformed ; not qualified by use 
or experience. 4. Not salted ; not sprinkled, filled or 
impregnated with any thing to give relish. 5. Unseason- 
ablej [obs.] 
UN-SeAT', v. t. To throw from the seat. Cowper. 
UN-SeAT'ED, pp. 1. Thrown from the seat. 2. a. Not 
seated ; having no seat or bottom. 3. Not settled with 
inhaj)itants. 
UN-SeA'WoR-THY, a. Not fit for a voyage j notable to 

sustain the violence of the sea. 
TJN-SEA'W6R-THY-NESS, n. The state of not being sea- 
worthy. Kent. 
1JN-SE€'6ND-ED, a. 1. Not seconded ; not supported. 2. 

Not exemplified a second time ; [obs.] Brown. 
UN-Se'€RET, a Not secret ; not close ; not trusty. Skak. 
t UN-Se'€RET, v. t. To disclose ; to divulge. Bacon. 
UN-SE€'U-LAR-IZE, v t. To detach from secular thmgs ; 

to alienate from the world. Ch. Obs. 
UN-SE-euRE', a. Not secure ; not safe. 
UN-SE-Du'CED, a. Not seduced ; not drawn or persuaded 

to deviate from the path of duty. Milton. 
UN-SEED'ED, a. Not seeded ; not sown. [Local.] JV. Eng. 
UNSEE'ING, a. Wanting the power of vision j not see- 
ing. Shak. 
t UN-SEEM', V. i. Not to seem. Shak. 
UN-SEEM 'LI-NESS, n. Un comeliness j indecency j inde- 
corum ; impropriety. Hooker. 
UN-SEEM'LY, a. Not fit or becoming ; uncomely ; unbe- 
coming ; indecent. Vryden. 
UN-SEEM'LY, adv. Indecently ; unbecomingly. Philips. 
UN-SEEN', a. 1. Not seen ; not discovered. 2. Invisible; 

not discoverable. 3. Unskilled ; inexperienced ; [obs.] 
UN-SeIZ'ED, a. 1. Not seized ; not apprehended. 2. Not 

possessed ; not taken into possession. Dry den. 
UxV-SEL'DoM, adv. Not seldom. 

UN-SE-LE€T'ED, a. Not selected ; not separated by choice. 
UN-SE-LE€T'ING, a. Not selecting. 
JN-SELF'ISH, a. Not selfish ; not unduly attached to one's 

own interest. Spectator. 
UN-SENS'ED, a. Wanting a distinct meaning ; without a 

certain signification. Puller. 
rUN-SENS'I-BLE, a. Not sensible. 

UN-SENT', a. Not sent ; not dispatched ; not transmitted, 
t UN-SEP'A-RA-Bi^E, a. That cannot be parted. 
UN-SEP'A-RA-TED, a. Not separated or parted. Pope. 
UN-SEP'UL-€PIRED, a. Having no grave : unburied. 
UN-SERVED, a. Not served. 
UN-SERV'iCE-A-BLE, a. Not serviceable ; not bringing 

advantage, use, profit or convenience ; useless. 
UN-SERV'iCE-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of 

being useless ; unfitness for use. Sanderson. 
UN-SERV'iCE-A-BLY, adv. Without use; without ad- 
vantage. 
UN-SET', a. 1. Not set; not placed. Hooker. 2. Not sunk 

below the horizon. 
UN-SET'TLE, v. t. I. To unfix ; to move or loosen from a 
fixed state ; to unhinge ; to make uncertain or fluctu- 
ating. 2. To move from a place. 3. To overthrow. 
UN-SET'TLE, w. I. To become unfixed. Shak. 
UN-SET'TLED, pp. 1. Unfixed ; unhinged ; rendered 
fluctuating. 2. a. Not settled ; not fixed ; not determined. 
'6. Not established. 4. Not regular ; unequal ; changea- 
ble. 5. Not having a legal settlement in a town or par- 
ish. 6. Having no fixed place of abode. Hooker. 7. Not 
having deposited its fecal matter; turbid. 8. Having no 
inhabitants ; not occupied by permanent inhabitants. 
Belknap. 
UN-SET'TLED-NESS, n. 1. The state of being unfixed, 
unsettled or undetermined. 2. Irresolution ; fluctuation 
of mind or opinions. 3. Uncertainty. 4. Want of fixed- 
ness ; fluctuation. 
UN-SET'TLE-MENT, n. Unsettled state ; iiTesolution. 
UN-SEPTLING, ppr. Unfixing ; removing from a settled 

state. 
UN-SEVERED, a. Not severed ; not parted ; not divided. 
UN-SEX', V. t. To deprive of the sex, or to make otherwise 

than the sex commonly is. Shak. 
UN-SHA€'KLE, v. t. To unfetter ; to loose from bonds ; to 

set free from restraint. 
UN-SHA€'KLED, pp. Loosed from shackles or restraint. 
UN-SHA€'KLING, ppr. Liberating from bonds or restraint. 
UN-SHADED, a. 1. Not shaded ; not overspread with 
shade or darkness. 2. Not clouded ; not having shades 
in coloring. 



UN-SHAD'oWED, a. Not clouded ; not darkened. 

t UN-SHaK'A-BLE, a. That cannot be shaken. Shak 

t UN-SHaK'ED, for unshaken. Shak. 

UN-SHaK'EN, a. 1. Not shaken ; not agitated ; not moved 
firm ; fixed. 2. Not moved in resolution ; firm ; steady 
3. Not subject to concussion. 

UN-SHaM'ED, a. Not shamed ; not ashamed ; not abash- 
ed. Dryden. 

UN-SHaME'FaCED, a. Wanting modesty ; impudent. 

UN-SHaME'FaCED-NESS, n. Want of modesty ; impu- 
dence_^ Chalmers. 

UN-SHaPE', v. t. To throw out of form or into disorder ; to 
confound; to derange. [Little u^ed.] Shak. 

UN-SHaP'EN, a. Misshapen ; d'iformed ; ugly. .Addison 

UN-SHaR'ED, a. Not shared ; not enjoyed in common. 

UN-SHeATH', I V. t. To draw from the sheath or scab 

UN-SHeATHE , S bard. Shak. 

UN-SHeATH'ED, pp. Drawn from the sheath. 

UN-SHeATH'ING, ppr. Drawing from the scabbard. 

UN-SHED', a. Not shed ; not spilt ; as, blood unshed. 

UN-SHEL'TERED, a. Not sheltered ; not screened ; not 
defended from danger or annoyance. Decay of Piety. 

UN-SHIeLD'ED, a. Not defended by a shield ; not protect 
ed ; exposed. Dryden. 

UN-SHIP', v.t. 1. To take out of a ship or other water 
craft. 2. To remove from the place where it is fixed or 
fitted. 

UN-SHIP'PED, pp. 1. Removed from a ship or from its 
place. 2. Destitute of a ship. 

UN-SH0€K'ED, a. Not shocked ; not disgusted ; not aston- 
ished. Tickel. 

UN-SHOD', a. Not shod ; having no shoes. Clarendon 

UN-SHOOK', a. Not shaken ; not agitated. Pope. 

UN-SH6RN', a. Not shorn ; not sheared ; not clipped. 

UN-SHOT', a. 1. Not hit by shot. 2. Not shot ; not dis- 
charged. 

t UN-SHOUT', V. t. To retract a shout. Shak. 

UN-SHOW'ERED, a. Not watered or sprinkled by showers 

UN-SHRINK'ING, a. Not shrinking ; not withdrawing 
from danger or toil ; not recoiling. 

UN-SHRUNK', a. Not shrunk ; not contracted. 

t UN-SHUN'NA-BLE, a. That cannot be shunned ; in- 
evitable. 

UN-SHUN'NED, a. Not shunned ; not avoided. 

UN-SHUT', a. Not shut ; open ; unclosed. 

UN-SIFT'ED, a. 1. Not sifted ; not separated by a sieve. 
Man. 2. Not critically examined ; untried. 

t UN-STGHT'ED, a. Not seen ; invisible. Shak. 

UN-SIGHT'LI-NESS, n. Disagreeableness to the sight ; de- 
formity ; ugliness. Wiseman. 

UN-SlGHT'L Y, a. Disagreeable to the eye ; ugly ; deformed. 

UN-SIG'NAL-lZED, a. Not signalized or distinguished. 

t UN-SIG-NIF'I-€ANT, a. Having no meaning. 

UN-SIL'VERED, a. Not covered with quicksilver. Ure. 

IUN-SIN-CeRE', a. 1. Not sincere ; hypocritical. 2. Not 
genuine ; adulterated. 3. Not sound ; not soUd. 

t UN-SIN-CER'I-TY, 71. Insincerity ; cheat. 

UN-SIN'EW, v. t. To deprive of strength. Dryden. 

UN-SIN'EWED, pp. or a. Deprived of strength or force , 
weak ; nerveless. Shak. 

UN-SIN'EW-ING, ppr. Depriving of strength ; enfeebling. 

UN-SIN'GED, a. Not singed ; not scorched. Broicn. 

UN-SIN'GLED, a. Not singled ; not separated. Dryden. 

UN-SINK'ING, a. Not sinking ; not failing. 

UN-SIN'NING, a. Committing no sin ; impeccable ; un- 
tainted with sin. Rogers. 

UN-SlZ'A-BLE, a. Not being of the proper size, magnitude 
or bulk. Smollett. 

UN-STZ'ED, a. Not sized ; as, unsized paper. 

UN-SKILL'ED, a. 1. Wanting skill ; destitute of readiness 
or dexterity in performance. 2. Destitute of practical 
knowledge. 

UN-SKILL'FUL, a. Not skillful ; wanting the knowledge 
and dexterity which are acquired by observation, use and 
experience. 
UN-SKILL'FUL-LY, adv. Without skill, knowledge o-- 

dexterity ; clumsily. Shak. 
UN-SKILL'FUL-NESS, n. Want of art or knowledge 
want of that readiness in action or execution, which is 
acquired by use, experience and observation. 
UN-SLAIN', a. Not slain ; not killed. Dryden. 
UN-SLaK'ED, a. Not slaked ; unquenched. 
UN-SLaK'ED, a. Not saturated with water. 
UN-SLEEP'ING, a. Not sleeping ; ever wakeful. 
UN-SLING', V. t. In seamen^s language, to take off the 

slings of a yard, a cask, &c. 
UN-SLIP'PING, a. Not slipping ; not liable to slip. 
t UN-SLoW, a. Not slow. 

UN-SLUM'BER-ING, a. Never sleeping or slumbering ; al- 
ways watching or vigilant. Thodey. 
UN-S"MiRCH'ED, a. Not stained ; not soiled or blacked. 
UN-SMoK'ED, a. 1. Not smoked ; not dried in smoke. 2. 

Not used in smoking, as a pipe. Swift. 
UN-SI\100TH', a. Not smooth ; not even ; rough. Milton. 



■■ See Synopsis A, E, T, O, tj, V, long.—FAF., FAT>L, 'WHAT ;— PR EY ;— PtN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 



UNS 



801 



UNS 



UN-Sober, a. Not sober. 
i/N-So'CIA-BLE, a. 1. Not suitable to society ; not having 
the qualities which are proper for society, ani which ren- 
der it agreeable. 2. Not apt to converse ; not free in con- 
versation ; reserved. 

UN-So'CIA-BLY, adv. 1. Not kindly. 2. With reserve, 

UN-So CIAL, a. Not adapted to society ; not beneficial to 
societv. Shenstone. 

UN-SO€K'ET, V. t. To loose or take from a socket. 

f UxV-SOFT', a. Not soft ; hard. Chaucer. 

\ UN-SOFT^ adv. Not with softness. Spenser. 

rjN-SOIL'ED, a. 1. Not soiled ; not stained ; unpolluted. 
Dryden. 2. Not disgraced ; not tainted, as character. 

UN-SoLD', a. Not sold ; not transferred for a consideration. 

UN-SoLD'IERED, a. Not having the qualities of a soldier. 

[JN^oLD'IER-LlKE, ) a. [See Soldier.] Unbecoming a 

UN-SoLD'IER-LY, S soldier. Broome. 

UN-SO-LIC' IT-ED, a. 1. Not solicited ; not requested ; un- 
asked. Halifax. 2. Not asked for. 

UN-SO-LIC'IT-OUS, a. Not solicitous ; not anxious ; not 
very desirous. 

UN-SOL'ID, a. 1. Not solid ; not firm ; not substantial. 2. 
Fluid. Locke. 

UN-SOLV'xl-BLE, a. That cannot be solved ; inexplicable. 

UN-SOLVED, a. Not solved ; not explained. Watts. 

t UN-So'NA-BLE, a. That cannot be sounded. 

t UN-SON 'SY, a. Unlucky j not fortunate. Yorkshire Glos- 
sary. 

t UN-SOOT', for uiisweet. Spenser. 

UN-SO-PHIS'TI-€A-TED, a. Not adulterated by mixture ; 
not counterfeit ; pure. Locke. 

UN-SOR'RoWED, a. Not lamented ; not bewailed. 

UN-SORT'ED, a. Not separated into sorts ; not distributed 
according to kinds or classes. Watts. 

UN-SOUGHT', (un-sawf) a. 1. Not sought ; not searched 
for. _ 2. Had without searching ; as, unsought honor. 

UN-SoUL', V. t. To deprive of mind or understanding. 

UN-SoUL'ED, a. Without soul ; without intellectual or vi- 
tal principle. Spenser. 

UN-SOUND', a. 1. Not sound j defective. 2. Infirm ; sickly. 
3. Not orthodox ; defective. 4. Not sound in character ; 
not honest ; not faithful ; not to be trusted ; defective ; de- 
ceitful. 5. Not true ; not solid ; not real ; not substantial. 
6. Not close ; not compact. 7. Not sincere ; not faithful. 
8. Not solid ; not material. 9. Erroneous ; wrong ; de- 
ceitful ; sophistical. 10. Not strong. 11. Not fast; not 
calm. 12. Not well established ; defective ; questionable. 

UN-SOUND'ED, a. Not sounded ; not tried with the lead. 

UN-SOUND LY, adv. Not with soundness. 

UN-SOUND'NESS, ?!. 1. Defectiveness. 2. Defectiveness 
of faith ; want of orthodoxy. 3. Corruptness ; want of 
solidity. 4. Defectiveness. 5. Infirmity ; weakness, as 
of bodv. 

UN-SOUR'ED, a. 1. Not made sour. Bacon. 2. Not made 
morose or crabbed. Dryden. 

UN-SoWED, I a. 1. Not sown ; not sowed. 2. Not scat- 

UN-SoWN', ) tered on land for seed. 3. Not propagated 
by seed scattered. 

UN-SPaR ED, a. Not spared. Milton. 

UN-SPaR'ING, a. 1. Not parsimonious ; liberal ; profuse. 
Milton. 2. Not merciful or forgiving. Milton. 

UN-SPaR'ING-NESS, n. The quality of being liberal or 
profuse. Mitford. 

UN-SPeAK', V, t. To recant ; to retract what has been 
spoken. Shak. 

UN-SPeAK'A-BLE, a. That cannot be uttered ; that can- 
not be^ expressed ; unutterable. 

UX-SPeAK'A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree that can- 
not be expressed ; inexpressibly ; unutterably. 

UN-SPEC'I-FiED, a. Not specified ; not particularly men- 
tioned. Broivn. 

UN-SPe'CIOUS, a. Not specious ; not plausible. 

UN-SPE€'U-LA-TIVE, a. Not speculative or theoretical. 

t UN-SPED', a. Not performed ; not dispatched. Garth. 

UN-SPENT', a. 1. Not spent; not used or wasted. 2. Not 
exhausted. 3. Not having lost its force or impulse. 

UN-SPHeRE', r. t. To remove from its orb. Shak. 

UN-SPl'ED, a. 1. Not searched ; not explored. Milton. 2. 
Not seen ; not discovered. Tickel. 

UN-SPILT', a. 1. Not spilt ; not shed. 2. Not spoiled ; 
[ohs.\ 

UN-SPiR'IT, V. t. To depress in spirits ; to dispirit ; to dis- 
hearten. [Little used.] 

UN-SPIR'IT-ED, pp. Dispirited. 

UN-SPIR'IT-U-AL,_a. Not spiritual ; carnal ; worldly. 

UN-SPIR IT-U-AL-iZE, v. t. To deprive of spirituality. 

UN-SPLIT', a. Not split ; as, unsplit wood. 

UN-SPOIL ED, a. 1. Not spoiled ; not corrupted ; not ruin- 
ed ; not rendered useless. 2. Not plundered ; not pillaged. 

UN-SPOTTED, a. 1. Not stained ; free from spot. 2. Free 
from moral stain ; untainted with guilt ; unblemished ; 
immaculate. 

UX-SPOT TED-NESS, n. State of being free from stain or 
guilt. Feltham. 



UN-SaUlR'ED, a. 1. Not made square 2. Not regular,- 

not formed. Shak. 

UN-SauIRE', V. t. To divest of the title or privilege of an 
esquire. Swift. 

UN-STa BLE, a. [L. instabilis.] 1. Not stable ; not fixed 
2. Not steady ; inconstant ; irresolute ; wavering. 

UN-STa'BLE-NESS, n. InstabUity. 

UN-STaID', a. Not steady ; mutable; not settled in judg- 
ment ; volatile ; fickle. Shak. 

UN-STaID'NESS, n. 1. Unfixed or volatile state or disposi 
tion ; mutability ; fickleness ; indiscretion. 2. Uncertain 
motion ; unsteadiness. Sidney, 

UN-STaIN'ED, a. 1. Not stained ; not dyed. 2. Not pol- 
luted ; not tarnished ; not dishonored. 

UN-STaNCH'ED, a. Not stanched ; not stopped, as blood. 

UN-STATE', V. t. To deprive of dignity. Shak. 

UN-STAT'Q-TA-BLE, a. Contrary to statute ; not warrant- 
ed bv statute. Swift. 

UN-STEAD'FAST, (un-sted'fast) a. 1. Not fixed; not 
standing or being firm. 2. Not firmly adhering to a pur 
pose. 

UN-STEAD'FAST-NESS, (un-sted'fast-nes) n. Want oi 
steadfastness ; instability ; inconstancy. K. James. 

UN-STEAD'I-LY, (un-sted'e-ly) adv. 1. Without steadi 
ness ; in a wavering, vacillating manner. 2. Inconstant- 
ly ; in a fickle manner. 3. Not in the same manner at 
ditferent times ; variously. 

UN-STEAD'I-NESS, (un-sted'e-nes) n. 1. Unstableness ; 
inconstancy ; want of firmness ; irresolution ; mutableness 
of opinion or purpose. 2. Frequent change of place ; vacil- 
lation. 

UN-STEAD'Y, (un-sted'y ) a. 1. Not steady ; not conptant ; 
irresolute. 2. Mutable ; variable ; changeable. 3. Not 
adhering constantly to any fixed plan or business. 

UN-STEEP'ED, a. Not steeped ; not soaked. Bacon. 

UN-STIM'U-LA-TED, a. Not stimulated ; not excited. 

UN-STIM'U-LA-TING, a. Not exciting motion or action. 

UN-STING', V. t. To disarm of a sting. South. 

UN-STING'ED,;7p. Deprived of its sting. Pollok. 

UN-STINT'ED, a. Not stinted ; not limited. Skelton. 

UN-STiR'RED, a. Not stirred ; not agitated. Boyle. 

UN-STITCH', V. t. To open by picking out stitches. 

UN-STITCH'ED, a. Not stitched. 

UN-STOOP'ING, a. Not stooping ; not bending. Shak. 

UN-STOP', V. t. 1. To free from a stopple, as a bottle oi 
cask. 2. To free from any obstruction ; to open. Boyle. 

UN-STOP'PED, pp. 1. Opened. 2. a. Not meeting any re- 
sistance. Dryden. 

UN-STOP'PING, ;>pr. Taking out a stopper; opening ; free- 
ing from obstruction. 

UN-SToR'ED, a. 1. Not stored ; not laid up in store; not 
warehoused. 2. Not supplied with stores. 

UN-STORM'ED, a. Not assaulted ; not taken by assault. 

UN-STRaIN'ED, a. 1. Not strained. 2. Easy ; not forced ; 
natural. Rakeicill. 

UN-STRaIT'ENED, a. Not straitened ; not contracted. 

UN-STRAT'I-FiED, a. Not stratified ; not formed or being 
in strata or lavers. Cleaveland. 

UN-STRENGTH'ENED, a. Not strengthened ; not support- 
ed ; not assisted. Hooker. 

UN-STRING', V. t. 1. To relax tension ; to loosen. 2. To 
deprive of strings. 3. To loose ; to untie. 4. To take 
from a string. 

UN-STRUCK', a. Not struck ; not impressed ; not aflTected 

UN-STUD'IED, a. 1. Not studied ; not premeditated. Dry 
den. 2. Not labored ; easy; natural. 

UN-STu'DI-OUS, a. Not studious ; not diligent in study. 

UN-STUFF_'ED, a. Not stuffed ; not filled ; not crowded. 

UN-SUB-Du'ED, a. Not subdued ; not brought into subjec- 
tion ; not conquered. 

UN-SUB'JECT, a. Not subject; not liable; not obnox- 
ious. 

UN-SUB-JE€T'ED, a. Not subjected ; not subdued. 

UN-SUB-MIS'SIVE, a. Not submissive ; disobedient. 

UN-SUB-MIT'TING, a. Not submitting ; not obsequious ; 
not readily yielding. Thomson, 

UN-SUB-OR'DI-NA-TED, a. Not subordinated or reduced 
to subjection 

UN-SUB-ORN'ED, a. Not suborned ; not procured by se- 
cret collusion. Hume, 

UN-SUB'SI-DlZED, a. Not engaged in another's service by 
receiving subsidies. 

UN-SUB-STAN'TIAL, a. 1. Not substantial; not solid 
Milton. 2. Not real ; not having substance. Addison. 

UN-SUC-CEED'ED, a. Not succeeded ; not followed. 

UN-SUC-CESS'FUL, a. Not successful ; not producing the 
desired event ; not fortunate. Addison. 

UN-SUC-CESS'FUL-LY, adv. Without success ; without a 
favorable issue ; 'unfortunately. South. 

UN-SUC-CESS'FUL-NESS, n. Want of success or favorable 
issue. 

UN-SU€-CESS'IVE, a. Not proceeding by a flux of parta 
or bv regular succession. Hale. 

UN-SUCK'ED, a. Not having the breasts drawn. Milton. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE. BOOK, D6VE ;— BUT I UJVITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



UNT 



892 



UNT 



tJN-SUP'FER-A-BLE, a. Not sufferable ; not to be endur- 
ed ; intolerable. 

UN-SUF'FER-A-BLY, adv. So as not to be endured. 

UN-SUF'FER-ING, a. Not suffering ; not tolerating. 

t UN-SUF-Fl"CIENCE, n. Inability to answer the end. 

t UN-SUF-Fl"CIENT, a. Not sufficient ; inadequate. 

UN-SU'GARED, (un-shug'ard) a. Not sweetened with su- 
gar. Bacon. 

UN-SuIT'A-BLE, a. 1. Not suitable j unfit; not adapted. 
2. Unbecoming ; improper. 

UN-StJlT'A-BLE-NESS, 7i. Unfitness ; incongruity. 

UN-SuIT'A-BLY, adv. 1. In a manner unbecoming or im- 
proper. 2. Incongruously. 

UN-SUIT ED, a. Not suited ; not fitted ; not adapted. 

UN-StJIT ING, a. Not fitting ; not becoming. Shak. 

UN-SUL'LIED, a. 1. Not sullied ; not stained ; not tarnish- 
ed. 2. Not disgraced ; free from imputation of evil. 

UN-SUNG', a. Not sung ; not celebrated in vei-se ; not re- 
cited in verse. Addison. 

UN-SUN NED, a. Not having been exposed to the sun. 

UN-SU-PER'FLU-OUS, a. N6t toore than enough. 

UN-SUP-PLAN T'ED, a. Not supplanted ; 'not overthrown 
by secret means or stratagem. 

UN-SUP-PLl'A-BLE, a. Not to be supplied. Chillingworth. 

UN-SUP-PLl'ED, a. Not supplied; not furnished with 
things necessary. Dryden. 

UN-SUP-PoRT'A-BLE, a. That cannot be supported. 

UN-SUP-PoRT'A-BLE-NESS, n. Insupportableness. 

UN-SUP-PoRT'A-BLY, adv. Insuppor^ably. 

UN-SUP-PoRT'ED, a. I. Not supported ; not upheld ; not 
sustained. 2. Not countenanced ; not assisted. 

UN-SUP-PRE£S'ED, a. Not suppressed ; not subdued ; not 
extinguished. 

UN-SuRE', (un-shiire') a. Not fixed ; not certain. 

UN-SUR-MOUNT'A-BLE, a. That cannot be sunnounted 
or overcome ; insuperable. Locke. 

UN-SUR-PASS'ED, a. Not surpassed ; not exceeded. 

UN-SUS-CEP'TI-BLE, a. Not susceptible; not capable of 
admitting or receiving. 

t UN-SUS-PE€T', for unsuspected. 

UN-SUS-PE€T'ED, a. Not suspected ; not considered as 
likely to have done an evil act, or to have a disposition to 
evil. 

UN-SUS-P£€T'ED-LY, adv. In a manner to avoid sus- 
picion. 

UN-SUS-PECT'ING, a. Not imagining that any ill is de- 
signed ; free from suspicion. Pope. 

UN-SUS-PI'CIOUS, a. 1. Having no suspicion ; not indulg- 
ing the imagination of evil in others. 2. Not to be sus- 
pected. 

UN-SUS-Pi''CIOUS-LY, adv. Without suspicion. 

UN-SUS-TaIN'A-BLE, a. Not sustainable ; that cannot be 
maintained or supported. 

UN-SUS-TaIN'ED, a. Not sustained ; not supported ; not 
seconded. 

UN-SWaTHE', «. f. To take a swathe from; to relieve 
from a bandage. Addison. 

UN-SWIY'A-BLE, a. That cannot be swayed, governed 
or inhuenced by another. [Little used.'] Shak. 

UN-SWaY'ED, a. 1. Not swayed ; not wielded, as a scep- 
tre. 2. Not biased; not conlrolled or influenced. 

UN-SWaY'ED-NESS, n. Steadiness ; state of being un- 
governe.j by another. Hales. 

UN-SWEaH , V. t. To recant or recall an oath. Spenser. 

t UN-SWEAT', (un-swef) v. t. To ease or cool after exer- 
cise. 

UN-SWEAT'ING, (un-swet'ing) a. Not sweating. 

UN-SWEET', a. Not sweet. [Little used.] Spenser. 

UN-SWEPT', a. Not cleaned with a broom ; not swept. 

UN-SWoRN', a. Not sworn; not bound by an oath; not 
having taken an oath. 

UN-SYM-MET'RI-€AL, a. Wanting symmetry or due pro- 
portion of parts. 

UN-SYS-TE-MAT'I€, ) a. Not systematic ; not having 

UN-SYS-TE-MAT'I-€AL, \ regular order, distribution or 
arrangement of parts. 

UN-SYS'TEM-lZED, a. Not systemized ; not aiTanged in 
due order ; not formed into system. 

UN-TA€K', v.t. To separate what is tacked ; to disjoin ; 
to loosen what is fast. Milton. 

UN-TaINT'ED, a. 1. Not rendered impure by admixture ; 
not impregnated with foul matter. 2. Not sullied ; not 
stained ; unblemished. 3. Not rendered unsavory by 
putrescence. 4. Not charged with a crime ; not accused. 

UN-TaINT'ED-LY, adv. Without spot ; without blemish ; 
without imputation oi crime. 

UN-TaINT'ED-NESS, 71. State or quality of being untaint- 
ed ; purity. Hall. 

UN-TaK'EN, (un-ta'kn) a. 1. Not taken ; not seized ; not 
apprehended. 2. Not reduced; not subdued. 3. Not 
swallowed. 

UN-TaM'A-BLE. a. 1. That cannot be tamed or domesti- 
cated ; that cannot be reclaimed from a wild state. 2. 
Not to be subdued or reduced to control. 



UN-TaMED, a. 1. Not reclaimed from wildness; not do* 
mesticated ; not made familiar with man. 2. Not sub 
dued ; not brought under control. 3. Not softened or 
rendered mild by culture. 

UN-TAN'GLE, ^^ f. To disentangle; to loose from tangles 
or intricacy. Prior. 

UN-TAN'GLED, pp. Disentangled. 

UN-TAN'GLING,j)i?r. Disentangling. 

UN-TAR'NISHED, a. Not soiled; not tarnished; not 
stained ; unblemished. 

UN-TaST'ED, a. 1. Not tasted ; not tried by the taste or 
tongue. 2. Not enjoyed. 

UN-TaSTE'FUL, a. Having no taste ; being w^ithout taste. 

UN-TaSTE'FUL-LY, adv. Without taste or graceful- 
ness ; in bad taste. Br. Rev. 

UN-TaST'ING, a. Not tasting; not perceiving by the 
taste. Smith. 

UN-TAUGHT', (un-tawf) a. 1. Not taught ; not instructed ; 
not educated ; unlettered ; illiterate. Dryden. 2. Un- 
skilled ; new ; not having use or practice. 

UN-TAX'ED, a. 1. Not taxed; not charged with taxes 
2. Not accused. 

UN-TeACH', v.t. pret. and pp. untaught. To cause to 
forget or lose what has been taught. Brown, 

UN-TeACH'A-BLE, a. That cannot be taught or instruct- 
ed ; indocile. Milton. 

UN-TeACH'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of not readily 
receiving instruction ; indocility. Scott. 

UN-TEEM'ING, a. Not producing young ; barren. 

t UN-TEM'PER-ATE, a. Intemperate. 

UN-TEM'PERED, a. Not tempered ; not duly mixed foi 
use ; not durable or strong. 

UN-TEMPT'ED, a. Not tempted ; not tried by enticements 
or persuasions ; not invited by any thing alluring. 

UN-TEN'A-BLE, a. 1. Not tenable ; that cannot be held in 
possession. Dryden. 2. That cannot be maintained oi 
supported ; not defensible. 

UN-l EN'ANT-A-BLE, a. Not fit for an occupant ; not in 
suitable repair or condition for a tenant. 

UN-TEN' ANT-ED, a. Not occupied by a tenant ; not in- 
habited. 

UN-TENDED, a. Not tended ; not having any attendant. 

UN-TEN'DER, a. 1. Not tender ; not soft. 2. Wanting 
sensibility or affection. Shak. 

UN-TEND ERED, a. Not tendered ; not offered. 

UN-TENT', v.t. To bring out of a tent. [Little used.] Shak 

UN-TENT'ED, a. Not having a medical tent applied. 

UN-TER'RI-FiED, a. Not terrified ; not affrighted ; not 
daunted. Milton. 

UN-TEST ED, a. Not tested ; not tried by a standard. 
Adams'' Lect. 

UN-THANK'ED, a. 1. Not thanked ; not repaid with ac- 
knowledgments. 2. Not received with thankfulness. 

UN-THANK'FUL, a. Not thankful ; ungrateful ; not mak- 
ing acknowledgments for good received. 

UN-THANK'F]JL-LY, adv. Without thanks; without a 
grateful acknowledgment of favors. Boyle. 

UN-THANK'-FUL-NESS, n. Neglect or omission of ac- 
knowledgment for good received ; want of a sense of 
kindness or benefits ; ingratitude. 

UN -THAWED, a. Not thawed ; not melted or dissolved ; 
as ice or snow. Pope. 

UN-THINK', V. t. To dismiss a thought. Shak. 

UN-THINK'ING, a. 1. Not thinking ; not heedful ; thought- 
less ; inconsiderate. 2. Not indicating thought or reflet 
tion. 

UN-THINK'ING-NESS, n. Want of thought or reflection , 
habitual thoughtlessness. Halifax. 

UN-THORN'Y, a. Not thorny ; free from thorns. 

UN-THOUGHT', (un-thawf) a. Not supposed to be. B. 
Jonson. 

UN-THOUGHT'FUL,(un-thawt'ful)a. Thoughtless; heed- 
less. 

UN-THOUGHT' OF. Not thought of; not regarded ; not 
heeded. 

UN-THREAD', (un-thred') v. t. To draw or take out a thread 
from. 2. To loose. Milton. 

UN-THRE AD'ED, pp. Deprived of a thread. 

UN-THREAD'ING. ppr. Depriving of a thread. 

UN-THRE AT'ENED, (un-thret'nd) a. Not threatened ; not 
menaced. K. Charles. 

UN'THRIFT, n. A prodigal ; one who wastes his estate by 
extravagance. Dryden. 

UN-THRiFT'I-LY, adv. Without frugality. Collier. 

UN-THRIFT'I-NESS, n. Waste of property without neces- 
sity or use ; prodigality ; profusion. Hay-ward. 

UN-THRIFT'Y, a.l. Prodigal; lavish; profuse; spending 
property without necessity or use. 2. Not thriving ; not 
gaining property. 3. Not gaining flesh. 4. Not vigorous 
in growth, as a plant. 

UN -THRIVING, a. Not thriving ; not prospering in tem- 
poral affairs ; not gaining property. 

UN-THRoNE', V. t. To remove from a throne, or from su- 
preme authority ; to dethrone. 



Sec Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, long.—YxV., FALL, ^^^f AT :— PREY ;— PT N", MARifXE BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



UNT 



893 



l/NV 



not hit. 2. Not moved 5 not affected. 3. Not meddled 



UN-TI'DI-NESS, n. Want of tidiness or neatness. 
UN-Ti'DY, a. 1. Not tidy ; not seasonable ; not ready. 2. 

Not neatly dressed ; not in good order. 
UN-TlE', V. t. 1. To loosen, as a knot ; to disengage the 
parts that form a knot ; as, untie the knot. 2. To unbind ; 
to free from any fastening. 3. To loosen from coUs or 
convolution. 4. To loose ; to separate something attached. 
5, To resolve ; to unfold ; to clear. 
IJN-Ti'ED, pp. 1. Loosed, as a knot ; unbound ; separated ; 
resolved. 2. a. Not tied ; not bound or gathered in a 
knot J loose. 3. Not fastened with a knot. 4. Not held 
by any tie or band. 
nN-TlLi',prep. [un and till. See Till.] 1. To; used of time, 
2. To ; used of objects ; [obs.] Spenser. 3. Preceding a 
sentence or clause, to ; that is, to the event mentioned, or 
the time of it ; as, until this hour. 4. To the point or 
place of. 5. To the degree that. 

UN-TlLE', r. t. To take the tiles from ; to uncover by re- 
moving tiles. Swift. 

UN-TILL'ED, a. Not tilled ; not cultivated. Mortimer. 

UN-TIM'BERED, a. I. Not furnished with timber. Shak. 
2. Not covered with timber-trees. 

UN-TlME'LY, a. 1. Happening before the usual time. 2. 
Happening before the natural time ; premature. 

UN-TlME'LY, aa!«. Before the- natural time. Shak. 

UN-TIN€'TURED, a. Not tinctured ; not tinged. 

UN-TIN'GED, a. 1. Not tinged; not stained; not dis- 
colored. Boyle. 2. Not infected. Swift. 

UN-TlR'A-BLE, a. That cannot be wearied ; indefatiga- 
ble ; unwearied. Shak. 

UN-TlR'ED, a. Not tired ; not exhausted by labor. 

UN-TlR'ING, a. Not becoming tired or exhausted. 

UN-TI'TLED, a. Having no title. Shak. 

t UN'TO, prep. A compound of mm, [on,] and to ; of no use 
in the language, as it expresses no more than to. It is found 
in writers of former times, but is entirely obsolete. 

UN-ToLD', a. 1. Not told ; nor related : not revealed. 
Dryden. 2. Nov. numbered ; as, money untold. 

UN-TOMB', (un-toom') v.t. To disinter. Fuller. 

UN-TOOTH'S6ME, a. Not pleasant to the taste. 

UN-T6UCH'A-BLE, a. Not to be touched. Feltham. 

UN-ToUCH'ED, (un-tuchf) a. 1. Not touched; notreached; 
lit. 2. Not moved 
with 

UN-To'WARD, a. 1. Froward ; perverse ; refractory ; not 
easily guided or taught. 2. Awkward ; ungraceful.- 3. 
Inconvenient ; troublesome ; unmaj\ageable. 

UN-To'WARD-LY, adv. In a froward or perverse manner ; 
pei-versely ; ungainly. Tillotson. 

UN-To'WARD-LY, a. Awkward ; perverse ; froward. 

UN-To' WARD-NESS, n. Awkwardness ; frowardness ; 
perverseness. Bp. Wilson. 

UN-TRaCE'A-BLE, a. That cannot be traced. 

UN-TRa'CED, a. 1. Not traced ; not followed. 2. Not 
marked by footsteps. 3. Not marked out. 

UN-TRA€K'ED, a. 1. Not tracked ; not marked by foot- 
steps. 2. Not followed by the tracks. 

UN-TRA€T'A-BLE, a. [L. intractabilis.] 1. Not tractable ; 
not yielding to discipline ; stubborn ; indocile ; ungovern- 
able. 2. Rough ; difficult. 3. Not yielding to tlie heat or 
to the hammer, as an ore. 

UN-TRA€T'A-BLE-NESS, n. Refractoriness ; stubborn- 
ness ; unwillingness to be governed, controlled or man- 
aged. _ 

UN-TRaD'ING, a. Not engaged in commerce. 

UN-TRaIN'ED, a. 1. Not trained ; not disciplined ; not 
skillful. 2. Not educated •. not instructed. 3. Irregular ; 
ungovernable. 

UN-TRAM'MELED, a. Not trammeled ; not shackled. 

UN-TRANS-FER'A-BLE, a. That cannot be transferred or 
passed from one to another. 

TTN-TRANS-FER'RED, a. Not transferred ; not conveyed 
r>r assigned to another. 

UN-TRANS-LaT'A-BLE, a. Not capable of being trans- 
lated. 

UN-TRANS LaT'ED, a. Not translated or rendered into 
another language. 

UN-TRANS-PaR'ENT, a. Not transparent ; not diapha- 
nous ; opaque ; not permeable by light. Boyle. 

UN-TRANS-PoS'ED, (un-trans-p6zd') a. Not transposed ; 
having the natural order. Rambler. 

UN-TRAVELED, a. 1. Not traveled ; not trodden by pas- 
sengers. 2. Having never seen foreign countries. 

UN-TRAVERSED, a. Not traversed ; not passed over. 

UN-TREAD', (un-tred') v. t. To tread back ; to go back in 
the same steps. Shak. 

UN-TREAS'URED, (un-trezh'urd) a. Not treasured ; not 

, laid up£ not reposiled. S/ja^-. 

TUN-TReAT'A-BLE, a. Not treatable; not practicable. 

UN-TREM'BLING, a. Not trembling or shaking ; firm ; 
steady. Montgomery. 

UN-TRl'ED, a. 1. Not tried ; not attempted. 2. Not yet 
experienced. 3, Not having passed trial ; not heard and 
determined in law 



UN-TRIM'MED, a. Not trimmed : not pruned not dress 

ed ; not put in order. 

t UN-TRi'UMPH-A-BLE, a. That admits no triumph. 

UN-TRI'UMPHED, a. Not triumphed over. 

UN-TROD', ) a. Not having been trod ; not passed 

UN-TROD'DEN, \ over ; not marked by the feet. 

UN-TRoLL'ED, a. Not trolled ; not rolled along. 

UN-TR6UB'LED, (un-trub'ld) a. 1. Not troubled ; not dis 
turbed by care, sorrow or business ; free from trouble. 2 
Not agitated ; not ruffled ; not confused ; free from pas 
sion. 3. Not agitated ; not moved. 4. Not disturbed or 
interrupted in the natural course. 5. Not foul ; not tur 
bid ; clear. 

t UN-TRoUB'LED-NESS, n. State of being free from 
trouble ; unconcern. Hammond. 

UN-TRuE', a. 1. Not true ; false ; contrary to the fact 2 
Not faithful to another ; not fulfilling the duties of a hus- 
band, wife, vassal, &c. ; false ; disloyal 3. Inconstant, 
as a lover. 

UN-TRtj'LY, adv. Not truly ; falsely ; not according to re- 
ality. 

UN-TRUSS', V. t. To untie or unfasten ; to loose from a 
truss ; to let out. Dryden. 

UN-TRUSS'ED, a Not trussed ; not tied up. 

U?»TRUST'I-NESS, n. Unfaithfulness in the discharge of 
a trust. 

UN-TRUST'Y, a. Not trusty; not worthy of confidence ; 
unfaithful. 

UN-TRuTH', n. I. Contrariety to ^ruth ; falsehood. 2. 
Want of veracity. 3. Treachery ; want of fidelity ; [obs."] 

UN-TU€K'ERED, 'a. Having no tucker. Addison. 

UN-TuN'A-BLE, a. 1. Not harmonious ; not musical. 2 
Not capable of making music. 3. Not capable of being 
tuned. 

UN-TuNE', V. t. 1. To make incapable of harmony. Shak 
2. To disorder. Shak. 

UN-TURN'ED, a. Net turned; as, he left no stone un- 
turned. 

UN-Tu'TORED, a. Uninstnicted ; untaught. Prior. 

UN-TWTNE', v.t. \. To untwist. 2. To open, to dis- 
entangle. 3. To separate, as that which winds or clasps. 

UN-TWIST', V. t. 1. To separate and open, as threads 
twisted ; or to turn back that which is twisted. 2. Td 
open ; to disentangle, as intricacy. 

UN-TY'. See Untie. 

UN-U'NI-FORM, a. Not uniform ; wanting uniformity 
[Little used.] 

UN-UP-HELD', a. Not upheld ; not sustained. Pollok. 

UN-UR'6ED, a. Not urged ; not pressed with solicitation. 

UN-US'ED, a. 1. Not put to use ; not employed. 2. That 
has never been used. 3. Not accustomed. 

UN-USE'FUL, a. Useless ; serving no good purpose. 

UN-US U-AL, (un-yu'zhu-al) a. Not usual ; not common; rare. 

UN-US'U-AL-LY, adv. Not commonly ; not frequently , 
rarely. 

UN-US'U-AL-NESS, 71. Uncommonness ; infrequency j 
rareness of occurrence. Broome. 

UN-UT'TER-A-BLE, a. That cannot be uttered or express- 
ed ; ineffable ; inexpressible. 

UN-VaIL', v. t. To remove a vail from ; to uncover ; to dis- 
close to view. 

t UN-VAL'U-A-BLE, a. Being above price ; invaluable. 

UN-VAL'UED, a. \. Not valued ; not prized ; neglected 
2. Inestimable ; not to be valued. 3. Not estimated ; nol 
having the value set. 

UN-VAN'aUISH-A-BLE, a. That cannot be conquered. 

UN-VAN'aUISHED, a. Not conquered ; not overcome. 

UN-Va'RI-A-BLE, a. Not variable ; not changeable. 

UN-Va'RIED, a. Not varied; not altered; not diversi 
fied. 

UN-Va'RI-E-GA-TED, a. Not variegated ; not diversified 

UN-VAR'NISHED, a. 1. Not overlaid with varnish. 2 
Not artificially colored or adorned ; not artfully embellish 
ed ; plain. 

UN-Va'RY-ING, a. Not altering ; not liable to change. 

UN-VEIL', See Unvail. 

UN-VEIL'ED-LY, adv. Plainly ; without disguise. [L. u • 

UN-VEN'ER-A-BLE, a. Not venerable ;, not worthy of ven 
eration. Shak. 

UN-VEN'TT-LA-TED, a. Not fanned by the wind ; not pu 
rified by a free current of air. 

UN-VERD'ANT, a. Not verdant ; not green. Congreve. 

tUN-VER'I-TA-BLE,rt. Not true. Brozcn. 

UN-VERS'ED, a. Not skilled ; not versed ; unacquainted. 

UN-VEX'ED, a. Not vexed ; not troubled 3 not disturbed 
or irritated. Dryden. 

UN-ViO-LA-TED, a. 1. Not violated ; not Injured. 2 
Not broken ; not transgressed ; as, lawf unviolated. 

UN-ViRT'U-OUS, a. Not virtuous ; destitute of virtue. 

UN-VIS'ARD, V. t. To unmask. M/lton 

UN-VIS'IT-ED, a. Not visited; not resorted to. 

UN-Vl'TAL, a. Not vital ; not affecting life. Med. Repos. 



* See Synopsis M5V E, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in «Ats f Obsolete 



UNW 



894 



UP 



UN-VI' T1A.-TED, ) a. Not vitiated ; not corrupted. B. Jon- 

UN- VI' CIA-TED, \ son. 

UN-VIT'RI-FlED, a. Not vitrified ; not converted into 
glass. 

UN-VOL'A-TIL-IZED, a. Not volatilized. Jlikin. 

l)N-VoTE', V. t. To contravene by vote a former vote ; to 
annul a former vole. Burke. 

UN-VOW'ELED, a. Having no vowels Skinner. 

t UN-VOY'AGE-A-BLE, a. Not to be navigated or passed 
over on a fluid. Milton. 

UN-VUL'GAK, a. Not common. B. Jonson. 

UN-VUL'NER-A-BLE, a. Not vulnerable. 

UN-Wa'KENED, a. Not awakened ; not roused from sleep 
or stupidity. 

UN-WALL'ED, a. Not surrounded or supported by a 
wall." 

UN-WaRES', adv. Unexpectedly. [For this, unawares is 
used.] 

UN-Wa'RI-LY, adv. Without vigilance and caution ; heed- 
lessly. Digby. 

UN-Wa'RI-NESS, 71. Want of vigilance; want of caution ; 
carelessness ; heedlessness. Spectator. 

UN-WAR'LiKE, a Not fit for war ; not used to war ; not 
military. Waller. 

UN-WARM'ED, a. 1. Not warmed. 2. Not excited. % 

UN-WARN'ED, a. Not cautioned ; not previously admon- 
ished'of danger. Locke. 

UN-WARP', V. t. To reduce back what is warped. 

UN-WARP'ED, a Not warped ; not biased ; not turned 
from the true direction ; impartial. Thomson. 

UN-WARP'ING, a. Not bending ; unyielding ; not devia- 
ting. "Dwight. 

UN-WAR'RANT-A-BLE, a. Not defensible ; not vindica- 
te ; not justifiable ; illegal; unjust; improper. 

UN-WAR'RANT-A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being unwar- 
rantable. Abp. Sancroft. 

UN-WAR'R ANT-A-BLY, adv. In a manner that cannot be 
justified. Wake. 

UN-WAR 'RANT-ED, fl. 1. Not warranted ; not authoii- 
zed. 2. Not ascertained ; not assured or certain. 3. Not 
coveranted to be good, sound or of a certain quality. 

UN-Wa'RY, a. 1. Not vigilant against danger ; not cautious ; 
unguarded ; precipitate. Dryden. 2. Unexpected ; [o&5.] 

UN-WASfl'ED, I a. Not washed ; not cleansed by water. 

UN-W^SH'EN, \ Matt. xv. 

UN-WaST'ED, a. 1. Not lost by extravagance or negli- 
gence ; not lavished away ; not dissipated. 2. Not con- 
sumed by time or violence. 3. Not lost by exhaustion, 
evaporation or other means. 

UN-WaST'ING, a. Not growing less ; not decaying. 

UN-WA'TERED, a. Not watered; dry. Pope. 

t UN-WaY'ED, a. Not used to travel. Suckling. 

UN-WeAK'ENED, a. Not weakened ; not enfeebled. 

UN-WEALTH'Y, (un-welth'y) a. Not wealthy. Lang- 
home. 

UN WEAP'ONED, (un-wep'nd) a. Not furnished with 
weapons or offensive arms. Raleigh. 

UN-WeA'RI-A-BLE, a. That cannot be wearied ; indefat- 
igable. [Little used.] Hooker. 

UN-WeA'RI-A-BLY, adv. So as not to be fatigued Bp. 
Hall. 

UN-WeA'RIED, a. 1. Not tired ; not fatigued. 2. Inde- 
fatigable ; continual ; that does not tire or sink under fa- 
tigue^ 

UN-WeA'RIED-LY, adv. Without tiring or sinking under 
fatigue. 

UN-WeA'RIED-NESS, n. State of being unwearied. 

UN-WeA'RY, a. Not weary ; not tired. 

UN-WeA'RY, v. t. To refresh after fatigue. Temple. 

UN-WeAVE', v. t. To unfold ; to undo what has been 
woven. Sandys. 

UN- WED', a. Unmarried. Shak. 

UN-WED'DED, a. Unmarried; remaining single. 

t UN-WEDftE'A-BLE, (un-wedj'a-bl) a. Not to be split 
with wedges. Shak. 

UN-WEED'ED, a. Not weeded; not cleared of weeds. 

UN-V/EEP'ED. See Unwept. 

f UN-WEET ING, ffl. Ignorant; unknowing. 

f UN-WEET'ING-LY, adv. Ignorantly. Spenser. 

UN-WEIGH'ED, a. 1. Not weighed ; not having the weight 
ascertamed. 2. Not deliberately considered and examin- 
ed. 3. Not considerate ; negligent. 

UN-WEIGH'ING, a. Inconsiderate; thoughtless. Shak. 

L)N_WEL'€6ME, a. Not welcome ; not grateful ; not pleas- 
ing ; not well receiverl. 

UN-WELL', a. Not well ; indisposed ; not in good health. 

UN-WELL'NESS, n. State of being indisposed. 

UN-WEPT', a. Not lamented ; not mourned. 

UN- WET', a. Not wet or moist. Dryden. 

UN-WHIP'PED, ) a. Not whipped ; not corrected with the 

UN-WHIPT', \ rod. Pope. 
UN- WHOLE', a. [Sec! Whole.] Not sound ; infirm. 

UN-WHoLE'S6ME, a. 1. Not wholesome ; unfavorable to 
health; insalubrious. 2.. Pernicious. 



UN-WHoLE'S6ME-NESS, 71. Insalubrity ; state or quality 
of being injurious or noxious to health. 

UN-WIeLD'I-LY, adv. Heavily ; with difficulty. Dry 
den. _ 

UN-WIeLD'I-NESS, n. Heaviness ; difficulty of being mov 
ed. Donne. 

UN-WIeLD'Y, a. That is moved with difficulty ; unman- 
ageable ; bulky ; ponderous. 

UN-WILL'ED, a. Not willed ; not produced by the will 

UN-WILL'ING, a. Not willing ; loth ; disinclined. 

UN-WILL'ING-LY, adv. Not with good will ; not cheer- 
fully ; reluctantly. 

UN-WILL'ING-NESS, n. Lothness; disinclination; re- 
luctance. 

UN-WIND', V. t.; pret. and pp. unwound. 1. To wind off; 
to loose or separate what is wound. 2. To disentani;'e. 

UN-WiND', V. i. To admit evolution. Mortimer. 

UN-WlP'ED, a. Not cleaned by rubbing. Shak. 

UN-WlSE', a. 1. Not wise ; not choosing the best means 
for the end ; defective in wisdom. 2. Not dictated by 
wisdom ; not adapted to the end. 

UN-WlSE'LY, adv. Not wisely ; not prudently. 

t UN- WISH', V. t. To wish that which is, not to be. Sha.c. 

UN-WISH'ED, a. Not wished ; not sought ; not desired. 
Pope. 

t UN-WIST', a. Not known. Spenser. 

f UN-WIT', t;. t. To deprive of understanding. Shak 

UN-WITH-DRAW'ING, a. Not withdrawing ; contim:«i y 
liberal. Milton. 

UN-WITH'ERED, a. Not withered or faded. 

UN-WITH'ER-ING, a. Not liable to wither or fade. 

UN-WITH-STOOD', a. Not opposed. Philips. 

UN-WIT'NESSED, a. Not witnessed ; not attested by wit- 
nesses ; wanting testimony. 

UN-WIT'Tl-LY, adv. Without wit. Cowley. 

UN-WIT'TING-LY, adv. Without knowledge or conscious- 
ness ; ignorantly. 

UN-WIT'TY, a. Not witty ; destitute of wit. 

t UN-WrV'ED, a. Having no wife. Selden. 

UN-WOM'AN, V. t. To deprive of the qualitiesof a woman. 

UN-WOM'AN-LY, a. Unbecoming a woman. 

UN-W6NT', a. [a contraction of unwonted.] Unaccustom- 
ed ; unused. Spenser. 

UN-WoNT'ED, a. I. Unaccustomed ; unused ; net made 
familiar by practice. 2. Uncommon ; unusual ; infre- 
quent ; rare. 

UN-W6NT'ED-NESS, n. Uncommonness ; rareness. 

UN-WOO'ED, a. Not wooed ; not courted. Shak. 

UN-W6RK'ING, a. Living without labor. Locke. 

t UN-W6RM'ED, a. Not wormed. Beaumont. 

UN-WoRN', a. Not worn ; not impaired. Young. 

UN-WoR'SHIPED, a. Not worshiped; not adored Mil- 
ton. 

UN-W6R'SHIP-ING, a. Not worshiping. Matthews. 

UN-W6R'THI-LY, adv. Not according to desert ; without 
due regard to merit. 

UN-W6R'THI-NESS, n. Want of worth or merit. 

UN-W6R'TH\ , a. 1. Not deserving ; followed by of. 2. 
Not deserving ; wanting merit. 3. Unbecoming ; vile ; 
base. 4. Not suitable ; inadequate. 

UN-WOUND', pp. of iDind. Wound off; untwisted. 

UN-WOUND'ED, a. 1. Not wounded ; not hurt ; not injur- 
ed in body. 2. Not hurt ; not offended. 

UN- WRAP', V. t. To open what is wrapped or folded. 

UN-WReATH', v. t. To untwist or untwine. Boyle. 

UN-WR1[N'KLE, v. t. To reduce wrinkles ; to smooth. 

UN-WRiT'ING, a. Not writing; not assuming the charac- 
ter of an author. 

UN-WRIT'TEN, (un-rit'n) a. 1. Not written ; not reduced 
to writing ; verbal. 2. Blank ; containing no writing. 

UN- WROUGHT', (un-rawf) a. Not labored ; not manufact- 
ured ; not reduced to due form. Dryden. 

UN-WRUNG', (un-rung') a. Not pinched. Shak. 

UN-YIeLD'ED, a. Not yielded ; not conceded. 

UN-YIELD'ING, a. 1. Not yielding; unbending; unpli 
ant;_stiff; firm; obstinate. 2. Not giving place. 

UN-YoKE', v.t. 1. To loose from a yoke ; to free from a 
yoke_. Shak. 2. To part ; to disjoin. Shak. 

UN-YoK'ED, p;). 1. Freed from the yoke. 2. a. Not hav 
ing worn the yoke. 3. Licentious ; unrestrained. 

UN-YoK'ING, ppr. Freeing from the yoke. 

UN-ZoN'ED, a. Not bound with a girdle. Prior. 

UP, adv.' [Sax. up,upp ; G. auf,- D., Dan. op ; Sw. up.] 1. 
Aloft ; on high. 2. Out of bed. 3. Having risen from a 
seat. 4. From a state of concealment or discumbiture, 
5. In a state of being built. Shak. 6. Above the horizon. 
7. To a state of excitement. 8. To a state of advance or 
proficiency. 9. In a state of elevation or exaltation. 10. 
In a state of climbing or ascending. IL In a state of in- 
surrection. 12. In a state of being increased or raised. 
13. In a state of approaching. 14. In order. 15. From 
younger to elder years. — Up and down. 1. From one 
place to another; here and there. 2. From one state oi 
position to another ; backwards and forwards. — Up to, to 



See Synapsis A. K, I, O, U, Yj long.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete 



UPH 



895 



URG 



a degree or point adequate. — Up with, raise ; lift. — Up is 
much used to modify the actions expressed by verbs. 

UP, prep. From a lower to a higher place ; as, go up the 
hill. 

UP-BEaR , v.t.j pret upbore; pp. upbcrne. 1. To raise 
aloft ; to lift j to elevate. 2. To sustain aloft ; to sup- 
port in an elevated situation. 3. To support; to sustain. 

[JP-BiND', V. t. To bind up. Collins. 

"■ UP-BLoW, V. t. To blow up. Spenser. 

[JP-BRaID', v. t. [Sax. upgebredan ; Dan. bebrejder.] 1. 
To charge with something wrong or disgraceful ; to re- 
proach ; to cast in the teeth. 2. To reproach ; to chide. 
3. To reprove with severity. 4. To bring reproach on. 5 
To treat v/ith contempt ; [obs.] 

UP-BRaID'ED, pp. Charged with something wrong or dis- 
graceful ; reproached ; reproved. 

UP-BRaID'ER, n. One who upbraids or reproves. 

UP-BRaID'INCt, ppr. Accusing ; casting in the teeth ; re- 
proaching ; reproving. 

UP-BRaID'ING, n. 1. A charging vVith something wrong 
or disgraceful; the act of reproaching or reproving. 2. 
The reproaches or accusations of conscience. 

t UP-BRaY', for upbraid, to shame. Spenser. 

t UP-BROUGHT', (up-brawf) a. Brought up ; educated. 

UP'€AST, a. 1. Cast up ; a term in bowling. 2. Thrown 
upwards ; as, with upcast eyes. Dryden. 

UP'CaST, n. In bowling, a cast ; a throw. Shak. 

t UP-DRAW, V. t. To draw up. Milton. 

t UP-GAT H'ER, v.t. To contract. Spenser. 

t UP-GRoW, V. i. To grow up. Milton. 

UP'HAND, a. Lifted by the hand. Moxon. 

UPHEAVE', V. t. To heave or lift up. 

UP-HELD', prei. and pp. of uphold. Sustained. 

UP'HILL, a. Difficult, like the act of ascending a hill. 

t UP-HoARD', V. t. To hoard up. Shak. 

UP-HoLD', V. «. ,• pret. and pp. upheld. [Upholden is obso- 
lete.] 1. To lift on high ; to elevate. 2. To support ; to 
sustain ; to keep from falling or slipping. 3. To keep 
from declension. 4. To support in any state. 5. To 
continue; to maintain. 6. To keep from being lost. 7. 
To continue without failing. 8. To continue in being. 

UP-HoLD'ER, n, 1. One that upholds ; a supporter ; a de- 
fender; a sustainer. 2. An undertaker; one who pro- 
vides for funerals. 

UP-HoL'STER-ER, n. [from up and hold.] One who fur- 
nishes houses with beds, curtains and the like. Pope. 

UP-HoL'STER-Y, n. Furniture supplied by upholsterers. 

UP'LAND, n. High land ; ground elevated above the 
meadows and intervals which lie oji the banks of rivers, 
near the sea, or between hills ; land which is generally 
dry. 

UP'LAND, a. 1. Higher in situation ; being on upland. 2. 
Pertaining to uplands. 

UP-LAND'ISH, a. Pertaining to uplands ; dwelling on 
high lands or mountains. Chapman. 

UP-LAY', V. t. To lay up ; to hoard. Donne. 

UP-LeAD', v. t. To lead upwards. Milton. 

UP-LED', pp. Led upwards. 

UP-LIFT', V. t. To raise aloft ; to raise ; to elevate. 

UP-LIFT'ED, pp. Raised high ; lifted ; elevated. 

t UP-LOCK', V. t. To lock up. Shak. 

t UP-LQOK', V. t. To look up. Shak. 

UP'MoST, a. [up and most.] Highest ; topmost. [L. u.] 

UP-ON', prep. [Sax. ufan, ufon, or ufe. This is probably 
up and on.] 1. Resting or being on the top or surface ; as, 
being upon a hill. 2. In a state of resting or dependence. 
3. Denoting resting, as a burden. 4. In the direction or 
part of. 5. Relating to. 6. In consideration of. 7. Near 
to. 8. With, or having received. 9. On the occasion of; 
engaged in for the execution of. 10. In ; during the time 
of. 11. Noting security. 12. Noting approach or attack. 
13. Noting exposure, or incurring some danger or loss. 14. 
At the time of; on occasion of. 15. By inference from, 
or pursuing a certain supposition. 16. Engaged in. 17. 
Having a particular manner. 18. Resting or standing, as 
on a condition. 19. Noting means of subsistence or sup- 
port. 20. Noting dependence for subsistence. 

UP'PER, a. [comp. from up.] 1. Higher in place. 2. Su- 
perior in rank or dignity ; as, the upper house of a legisla- 
ture. — Upper-hand, advantage; superiority. — Upper-works, 
in a ship, the parts above water when the ship is properly 
balanced for a voyage. 

UP'PER-MoST, a. [superl. ; upper and most.] 1. Highest 
in place. 2. Highest in power or authority. 3. Predom- 
inant ; most powerful. 

UP'PISH, a. Proud ; arrogant. [j1 low wo7-d.'] 

UP-RaISE', v. t. [2ip and raise.] To raise ; to lift up. 

UP-ReAR', v. t. [up and rear.] To rear up ; to raise. 
Oaij. I 

UP'RiGHT, (up'rite) o. [up and right.] 1. Erect; perpen- 
dicular to the plane of the horizon. 2. Erected ; prick- 
ed up ; shooting directly from the body. 3. Honest ; 
iust ; adhering to rectitude in all social intercourse ; not 



deviating from correct moral principles. 4. Conformable 
to inoral rectitude. 

UP'RiGHT, n. 1. In architecture, a representation or 
draught of the front of a building ; called also an eleva- 
tion or orthography. 2. Something standing erect or per 
pendicular. 

UP-RlGHT'LY, adv. 1. In a direction perpendicular to the 
plane of the horizon ; in an erect position. 2. Honestly , 
with strict observance of rectitude. 

UP-RlGHT'NESS, n. 1. Perpendicular erection. 2. Hon- 
esty ; integrity in principle or practice ; conformity to rec- 
titude and justice in social dealings. 

UP-RlSE', V. i. ; pret. uprose; pp. uprisen. 1 To rise from 
bed or from a seat. 2. To ascend above the horizon. 3 
To ascend, as a hill ; [obs.] 

t UP-RlSE', n. A rising ; appearance above the horizon. 

UP-RiS'ING, ppr. Rising ; ascending. 

UP-RlS'ING, 71. The act of rising. Ps. cxxxix. 

UP'RoAR, 71. [D. oproer; G. aufruhr.] Great tumult ; vio- 
lent disturbance and noise ; bustle and clamor. 

t UP-RoAR', V. t. To throw into confusion. 

UP-RoLL', V. t. [up and roll.] To roll up. Milton. 

UP-ROOT', v.t. To root up ; to tear up by the roots. 

UP-R6usE', v. t. To rouse from sleep ; to awake. 

UP-SET', V. t. [up and set.] To overturn ; to overthrow ; 
to overset, as a carriage. 

UP'SHOT, n. [up and shot.] Final issue ; conclusion ; end 

UP'SlDE DOWN. The upper part undermost.— As a 
phrase, this denotes in confusion. South. 

t UP'SPRING, n. [up and spring.] An upstart. Shak. 

t UP-SPRING', V. i. To spring up. Sackville. 

t UP-STAND', V. i. To be erected. May. 

UP-START', v.i. To start or spring up suddenly. 

UP'STARTjTi. 1. One that suddenly rises from low life 
to wealth, power or honor. 2. Something that springs up 
suddenly. 

UP'START, a. Suddenly raised. Shak. 

UP-STaY', v. t. [up and stay.] To sustain ; to support. 

t UP-SWARM', 77. t. To raise in a swarm. Shak. 

t UP-TaKE', 73. t. To take into the hand. Spenser. 

UP-TEaR', v. t. [up and tear.] To tear up. Milton. 

t UP-TRaIN', v. t. To train up ; to educate. Spenser. 

UP-TURN', V. t. To turn up ; to throw up. Pope. 

UP'WARD, a. Directed to a higher place. 

fUP'WARD, 71. The top. Shak. 

UP'WARD, ) adv. 1. Toward a higher place ; opposed to 

UP'WARDS, \ downward. 2. Toward heaven and God 
3. With respect to the higher part. 4. More than, indefi- 
nitely. 5. Toward the source. Pope. 

UP-WHtRL', 77. i. [up and whirl.] To rise upwards in a 
whirl ; to whirl upwards. Milton. 

UP-WHiRL', 77. t. To raise upwards in a whirling direc- 
tion. 

UP-WiND', 77. t. [up and wind.] To wind up. Spenser. 

U-RAN-GLIM'MER, n. 
chalcolite. 

U'RAN-ITE, n. An ore or phosphate of uranium. 

U-RAN-IT'I€, a. Pertaining to uranite, or resembling it. 

U-Ra'NI-UM, 71. [Gr. ovpavos.] A metal discovered in 1789 
by Klaproth, in the mineral called pechblerid. 

U-RAN-o'€HER, n. Pechblend, an ore of uranium, con 
t[:ining the metal in an oxydized state. 

U-RAN-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. ovpavo? and Xoyos.] A discourse 
or treatise on the heavens. Mitchill. 

UR-BaNE', a. [L. urbanus, from urbs, a city.] Civil ; court- 
eous in manners ; polite. 

UR-BAN'I-TY, n. [Fr. urbanite ; L. urbanitas.] 1. Tha. 
civility or courtesy of manners which is acquired by asso 
ciating with well-bred people ; politeness ; polished man- 
ners. 2^ Facetiousness. 

UR'BAN-IZE, V. t. To render civil and courteous ; to pol 
ish. 

UR'CE-O-LATE, a. [L. urceolus.] In botany, shaped like 
a pitcher ; swelling out like a pitcher. Lee. 

UR'CHIN, 77. [Arm. heureuchin ; L. erinaceus.] 1. A name 
given to the hedgehog. 2. A name of slight anger given 
to a child. 

t URE, n. Use ; practice. 

U'RE-A, n. A substance obtained Irom urine. Ure. 

URE-TER, n. [Gr. ovpnTvp-l A tube conveying the urine 
from the kidney to the bladder. Q,uincy. 

U-Re'THRA, 77. [Gr. ovprjdpa.] The caTial by which the 
urine is conducted from the bladder and discharged. 

URGE, V. t. [L. urgeo.] 1. To press ; to push ; to drive ; 
to impel ; to apply force to, in almost any manner. 2. To 
press the mind or will ; to press by motives, arguments, 
persuasion or importunity. 3. To provoke ; to exasper- 
ate. 4. To follow close ; to impel, 5. To labor vehe- 
mently ; to press with eagerness. 6. To press. 7. To 
importune ; to solicit earnestly. 8. To apply forcibly. 

URGE, t;. 7. To press lorward ; as, he strives to urge up- 
ward. 

URGED, pp. Pressed ; impelled ; importuned. 



An ore of uranium , uran-mica ; 



See Synopsis. M5VE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; Gas J ; SasZ ; CH as SH; THasin tfc. f Obsolete 



LSb 



896 



UTM 



Ufid'EN-CY, 71. 1. Pressure ; importunity ; earnest solici- 
tation. 2. Pressure of necessity. 

URG'ENT, a. 1. Pressing with importunity. Ex. xii. 2. 
Pressing witli necessity ; violent ; vehement. 

U&G'ENT-LY, adv. With pressuig importunity ; violently ; 
Tehemently ; forcibly. ^ 

Uil6'ER, 7!. One who urges ; one who importunes. 

URGE'-WoN-DER, n. A sort of grain. Mortimer. 

UR'GING, ppr. 1. Pressing ; driving ; impelling. 2. a. 
Pressing with solicitations ; importunate. 

U'RI€, a. In chemistry, the uric acid, called also lithic acid, 
is obtained from the urinary calculi. 

U'RISI, 7^. [Feb. On^N.] The Urim and Thummim, among 
the Israelites, signify lights and perfections. These were 
a kind of ornament" belonging to the habit of the high 
priest, in virtue of which he gave oracular answers to the 
people. 

DRIN-AL, n. [Fr. urinal ; L. urinalis.] 1. A bottle in 
which urine is kept for inspection. 2. A vessel for 
containing urine.— 3. In chemistry, an oblong glass ves- 
sel, used in making solutions. Cyc. 

U'RI-NA-RY, a. [from urijie.] Pertaining to uiine. 

U'RI-NA-RF, or U-R1-Na'RI-UM, n. In agriculture, a res- 
ervoir or place for the reception of urme, &c. for manure. 
Cyc. 

U'RI-NA-TlVE, a. Provoking urine. Bacon. 

U'-RIN-A-TOR, 71. [L.] A diver; one who plunges and 
sinks in water in search of something, as for pearls. Ray. 

U'RINE, 71. [L. urina.] An animal fluid or liquor secret- 
ed by the kidneys, whence it is conveyed into the blad- 
der by the ureters, ard through the urethra discharged. 

U'RINE, V. i. To discharge urine. Bacon. 

U'RI-NOUS, a. Pertaining to urine, or partaking of its qual- 
ities. Arbuthnot. 

URN, 71. [L. urna.] 1. A kind of vase, of a roundish form, 
largest in the middle, used as an ornament. 2. A vessel 
for water. 3. A vessel in which the ashes of the dead 
were formerly kept. 4. A Roman measure for liquids, 
containing about three gallons and a half, wine meas- 
^ure. 

UxlN, V. t. To inclose in an urn. May. 

U-ROS'€0-PY, n. [Gr. ovgov and o-/c£;rrw.] Inspection of 
urine. Brown. 

UR'RY, n. A sort of blue or black clay, lying near a vein 
'^fcoal. Mortimer. 

UR'SA, n. [L.] The Bear, a constellation, the greater and 
lesser bear, near the north pole. 

UR'SI-FORM, a. [L. ursa, bear, and form.] In the shape 
of a bear. 

UR'SlNE, a. [L. ursimLs."] Pertaining to or resembling a 
bear. 

UR'SU-LINE, a. Denoting an order of nuns who observe 
the rule of St. Austin ; so called from their institutress, 
St. Ursula. Cyc. 

U'RTJS, or URE, n. [L. wus.] The wild buU. 

US, pron. objective case of we. 

UiSA-BLE, a. That may be used. 

U'SAGE, 7(. [Fr.] 1. TreatQient ; an action or series of 
actions performed by one person towards another, or 
which directly affect him. 2. Use, or long-continued use ; 
custom ; practice. 3. Ttlannei-s ; behavior ; [ohs.'] 

t U'SA-GER, n. [Fr.] One who has the use of any thing in 
trust for another. Daniel. 

U'SANCE, 7i, [Fr.] 1 I/se ; proper employment. Q. Usu- 
ry ; interest paid for money. — 3. In commerce, a determi- 
nate time fixed for the paymentof bills of exchange, reck- 
oned either from the day of their date, or the day of 
their acceptance. 

USE, n. [L. usus ; It. usoi Fr. its, plu.] 1. The act of 
handling or employing in any manner, and for any pur- 
pose, but especially for a profitable purpose. 2. Employ- 
ment ; application of any thing to a purpose, good or bad. 

3. Usefulness; utility ; advantage ; production of benefit. 

4. Need of employment, or occasion to employ. 5. Pow- 
er of receiving advantage ; [unusual.] 6. Continued prac- 
tice or employment. 7. Custom ; common occurrence ; 
[unusual.] 8. Interest ; the premium paid for the pos- 
session and employment of boiTOwed money. Soiitk. — 9. 
In law, the benefit' or profit of lands and tenements. — In 
iise. 1 . In employment. 2. In customary practice or ob- 
servance. 

USE, V. t. [Fr. user ; It. usare ; Sp. usar ; L. utor, usus.] 

1. To employ ; to handle, hold, occupy or move for some 
purpose. 2. To waste, consume or exhaust by employ- 
ment. 3. To accustom i to habituate ; to render familiar 
by practice. 4. To treat. 5. To practice customarily.— 
To use one^s self, to behave ; [obs.] Shak. 

USE, v.i. 1. To be accustomed ; to practice customarily. 

2. To be wont. 3. To frequent ; to innabit. 
USED, pp. Employed ; occupied ; treated. 

USEFUL, a. Producing or having power to produce good ; 
beneficial ; profitable ; helpful towards advancing any 
purpose. 



USE'FUL-LY, adv. In such a manner as to produce cr ad- 
vance some end. 

USE'FUL-NESS, n, Conduciveness to some end, properly 
to some valuable end. 

USE'LESS, a. Having no use; unserviceable; producing 
no good end ; answering no valuable purpose ; not ad- 
vancing the end proposed. Gay. 

USE'LESS-LY, adv. In a useless manner ; without profit or 
advantage. Locke. 

USE'LESS-NESS, n. Unserviceableness ; unfitness for any 
valuable purpose, or for the purpose intended. 

US'ER, n. One who uses, treats or occupies. 

USH'ER, 71. [Fr. huissier ; It. uscio.] 1. An ofiicer whose 
business is to introduce strangers, or to walk before a per 
son of rank. 2. An under-teacher or assistant to the pre- 
ceptor of a school. 

USHER, V. t. To introduce, as a forerunner or harbinger ; 
to forerun. Milton. 

USH'ERED, pp. Introduced. 

USH'ER-ING, ppr. Introducing, as a forerunner, 

*USaUE-BAUGH, n. [Ir. uisge, water, s.nA bagh,\\fe.] 
A compound distilled spirit. From this word, by corrup- 
tion, we have whiskey. 

US'TION, 71. [Fr. ustion ; L. ustio.] The act of burning ; 
the state of being burnt. 

US-To'RI-OUS, a. Having the qualitv pf burning. 

US-TU-La'TION, n. [L. ustulatus.] 1. The act of burn- 
ing or searing. — 2. In metallurgy, ustulation is the opera- 
tion of expelling one substance from another by heat. — 3. 
Jn pharmacy, the roasting or drying of moist substances so 
as to prepare them for pulverizing. 

US'U-AL, (yu'zhu-al) a. [Fr. usuel ; from use.] Customary ; 
common ; frequent ; such as occurs in ordinary practice, 
or in the ordinary course of events. 

US'U-AL-LY, (yu'zhu-al-ly) adv. Commonly ; customarily ; 
ordinarily. 

US'U-AL-NESS, (yu'zhu-al-nes) n. Commonness ; fre- 
quency. 

U-SU-CAFTION, n. [L. iisus and capio.] In the civil law 
the same ss prescription in the common law ; the acquisi 
tion of the title or right to property by the uninterrupted 
and undisputed possession of it for a certain term prescrib- 
ed by law. 

U'SU-FRU€T, 71. [L. ustm and fructus.] The temporary 
use and enjoyment of lands or tenements. 

U-SU-FRU€T'U-A-RY, 71. A person who has the use and 
enjoyment of property for a time, without having the title 
or property. Johnson. 

US' URE, V. i. To practice usury. Shak. ' 

US'U-RER, (yii'zhu-rer) n. 1. Formerly, a person who lent 
money and took interest for it. — 2. In present usage, one 
who lends money at a rate of interest beyond the rate es 
tablished by law. 

U-SU'RI-OUS, a. 1. Practicing usury ; taking exorbitant 
interest for the use of money. 2. Partaking of usury ; 
containing usury. 

U-Su RI-OUS-LY, adv. In a usurious manner. 

U-SU'RI-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being usu- 
rious. 

U-SURP', V. t. [Fr usurper ; L. usurpo.] To seize and hold 
in possession by force or without right. 

U-SUR-Pa'TION, n. The act of seizing or occupying and 
enjoying the property of another without right. 

U-SURP'ED, iyU'ZmpV) pp. Seized or occupied and enjoy- 
ed by violence, or without right. 

U-SURP'ER, n. One who seizes or occupies the property of 
another without right. Dryden. 

U-SURP'ING, ppr. Seizing or occupying the power or prop- 
erty of another without right. Pope. 

U-SURP'ING-LY, adv. By- usurpation ; without just right 
or claim. Shak. 

US'U-RY, (yu'zhu-ry) n. [Fr. usure ; L. usura.] 1. For- 
merly, interest ; or a premium paid or stipulated to be 
paid for the use of money. — 2. In present usage, illegal in- 
terest ; a premium or compensation paid, &r stipulated to 
be paid, for the use of money borrowed, beyond the rate of 
interest established by law. 3. The practice of taking 
interest : [obs.] 

U'TAS. SeeUxis. 

*U-TEN'SIL, n. [Fr. utensile.] An instrument; that 
which is used ; particularly, an instrument or vessel used 
in a kitchen, or in domestic and farming business. 
U'TER-lNE, a. [Fr. uterin; L. titerimis.] Pertaining to 
the womb. — Uterine brother or sister is one born of the 
same mother, but by a different father. 
U-TE-RG-6ES-Ta'TI0N, n. Gestation in the womh from 

conception to birth. Pritchard. 
U'TE-RUS, 71. [L.l The womb. 

U-TIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. utilite : L. utilitas.] Usefulness ; 

production of good ; profitableness to some valuable end. 

U'TIL-IZE, w. t. [It. utiliziare ; ^"p. utilizar.] To gain ; to 

acquire. [P.are.] Journ. of Science. 
t U'TIS, 71. Bustle ; stir. Shak. 
UT'MoST, a. [Sax. utnuest, utmest.] 1. Extreme ; being 



* See Synopsis' A, E. I, 5, U, Y. long.—YAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



v\c 



897 



VAQ 



at the furthest point or extremity. 2. Being in the great- 
est or highest degree 

UT'MoST, n. The most that caft be ; the greatest power, 
degree or effort. Shak. 

U-To'PI-AN, a. [from More's Utopia.] Ideal ; chimerical ; 
fanciful ; not well founded. 

(J'TRI-€LE, n. [L. utriculus.] 1. A little bag or bladder ; 
a little cell ; a reservoir in plants to receive the sap. 2. A 
capsule of one cell, and containing a solitary seed. 

U-TRie'U-LAR, a. Containing utricles j furnished with 
glandular vessels like small bags ; as plants. Lee. 

UT'TER, a. [Sax.; that is, outer.] 1. Situated on the out- 
side, or remote from the centre. 2. Placed or being beyond 
any compass ; out of any place. 3. Extreme ; excessive ; 
utmost. 4. Complete ; total ; final, 5. Peremptory ; ab- 
solute. 6. Perfect; mere; quite. 

UT'TER, V. t. 1. To speak ; lo pronounce ; to express. 2. 
To disclose ; to discover ; to divulge ; to publish. — 3. In 
the law style, to sell ; to vend. 4. To put or send into 
circulation ; to put off, as currency, or cause to pass in 
commerce. 

UT'TER-A-BLE, a. That may be uttered, pronounced or 
GXDrcsscd 

UT'TER-ANCE, n. 1. The act of uttering words ; pronun- 
ciation; manner of speaking. 2. Emission from the 
mouth ; vocal expression. 3 [Fr. outrance.] Extremity; 
furthest part ; [obs.] 



UT'TERED, pp. Spoken ; pronounced ; disclosed ; publieh- 

ed ; put into circulation. 
UT'TER-ER,n. 1. One who utters ; one who pronounces 

2. One who divulges or discloses. 3. One who puts into 

circulation. 4. A seller ; a vender. 
UT'TER-ING,pp7-. Pronouncing; disclosing; putting into 

circulation; selling. 
UT'TER-LY, adv. To the full extent ; fully ; perfectly 

totally. 
UT'TER-MoST, a. [utter and most.] Extreme ; being in 

the furthest, greatest or highest degree. 
UT'TER-MoST, n. The greatest.— To the uttermost, in the 

most extensive degree ; fully. 
U'TI-LE, n. Something useful, as opposed to something 

ornamental. 
tU'TlLE, a. Profitable ; useful. 
U'VE-OUS, a. [L. uva.] Resembling a grape. Ray. 
U'VU-LA, ?i. [L.] A soft, round, spungy body, suspended 

from tlie palate near the foramina of the nostrils, over the 

gloj;tis. 
UX-O'RI-OUS, a. [L. uxorius.] Submissively fond of a 

wife. Bacon. 
UX-o'RI-OUS-LY, adv. With fond or servile submission to 

a wife. Dryden. 
UX-o'RI-OUS-NESS, n. Connubial dotage ; foolish fond- 
ness for a wife. More 



V. 



V' is the twenty-second letter of the English Alphabet, 
and a labial articulation, formed by the junction of the 
upper teeth with the lower lip, as in pronouncing av, ev, 
ov, vain. It is not a close articulation, but one that admits 
of some sound. It is nearly allied to/, being formed by 
the same organs ; but v is vocal, and /is aspirate, and this 
constitutes the principal difference between them. Fand 
u were formerly the same letter, derived, no doubt, from 
the oriental vau or waw ; but they have now as distinct 
uses as any two letters in the alphabet, and are therefore 
to be considtyed as different letters. V has one sound 
only, as in very, vote, lavish. 

As a numeral, V stands for 5. With a dash over it, in old 
books, V, it stands for 5000. 

Va'€AN-CY, «. [L.vacans: Fr. vacance ; It. vacanza ; Sp. 
vacancia,] 1. Empty space ; vacuity. 2. Chasm ; void 
space between bodies or objects. 3. The state of being 
destitute of an incumbent ; want of the regular officer to 
officiate in a place. 4. Time of leisure ; freedom from 
employment; intermission ol business. 5. Listlessness ; 
em.ptiness of thought. 6. A place or office not occupied, 
or destitute of a person to fill it; as, a vacancy in a 
school. 

Va'CANT, a. [Fr.; from L. vacans.] 1. Empty ; not filled ; 
void of every substance except air. 2. Empty ; exhausted 
of air. 3. Free ; unencumbered ; unengaged with business 
or care. 4. Not filled or occupied with an incumbent or pos- 
sessor. 5. Bemg unoccupied with business. 6. Empty 
of thought ; thoughtless ; not occupied with study or re- 
flection. 7. Indicating want of thought.— 8. In law, 
abandoned ; having no heir. 

Va'CATE, u. f. 1. To annul; to make void; to make of 
no authority or validity. 2. To make vacant ; to quit 
possession and leave destitute. 3. To defeat ; to put an 
end to ; [unusual.] 

\ A' GA-TED, pp. Annulled; made void ; made vacant. 

Va'CA-TING, ppr. Making void ; making vacant. 

VA-€a'TION, 71. [Fr. ; h. va-atio.] 1. The act of making 
void, vacant, or of no validity. '2. Intermission of judi- 
cial proceedings ; the space of time between the end of 
one term and the beginning of the next ; non-term. 3. 
The intermission of the regular studies and exercises of a 
college or other seminary, when the students have a re- 
cess. 4. Intermission of a stated employment. 5. The 
time when a see or other spiritual dignity is vacant. 6. 
Leisure ; freedom from trouble or perplexity ; [little used.] 

VAC'CA-RY, M. [L. vacca.] An old word signifying a 
cow-house, dairy-house, or a cow-pasture. Bailey. 

*VAC'IL-LAN-CY, w. [L. vacillans.] A state of waver- 
ing ; fluctuation ; inconstancy. More. 

VAC'IL-LANT, a. Wavering ; fluctuating ; unsteady. 

VAC'IL-LATE, V. r. [Ij. vacillo.] 1. To waver ; to move 
one way and the other ; to reel or stagger. 2. To fluctu- 
ate in mind or opinion , to waver ; to be unsteady or in- 
constant. 

V AC'IL-LA-TING,ppr. 1. Wavering ; reeling ; fluctuating. 
2. a. Unsteady ; inclined to fluctuate. 

VAC-IL-La'TION, w. [Fr.; Jj.vacillatio.] 1. A wavering ; 
a moving one way and the other ; a reeling or staggering. 



2. Fluctuation of mind ; unsteadiness ; change from one 
object to another. 

VAC'CIN-ATE, V. t. [L. imcca, a cow.] To inoculate with 
the cow-pox, or a virus originally taken from cows, called 
vaccine matter. 

VA€'CIN-A-TED, pp. Inoculated with the cow-pox. 

VAC CIN-A-TING, ppr. Inoculating with the cow-pox. 

VAC-CIN-A'TION, 71. The act, art or practice of inocula- 
ting persons with the cow-pox. 

VACCINE, a. [L. vaccinus.] Pertaining to cows ; origin- 
ating with or derived from cows. 

t VA€'U-ATE, V. t. [L. vacuo.] To make void. Secular 
Priest exposed. 

VA€-U-A'TION, n. [L. vacuo.] The act of emptying 
[Little used.] 

VAC'U-IST, n. [from vacuum.] One who holds to the 
doctrine of a vacuum in nature, opposed to aplenist. 

VA-€U'I-TY, n. [L:. vacuitas.] 1. Emptiness; a state of 
being unfilled. 2. Space unfilled or unoccupied, or occu- 
pied with an invisible fluid only. 3. Emptiness ; void. 
4. Inanity ; emptiness ; want of reality. 5. Vacuum, 
which see. 

VAC'U-OUS, a. Empty ; unfilled ; void. Milton. 

VAC'U-OUS-NESS, n. I'he state of being empty. 

VAC'U-UM, 71. [L.] Space empty or devoid of all matter 
or body. 

t VADE, v^i. [L. vado.] To vanish ; to pass away. Wotton. 

Va-DE-Me'CUM, n. [L. go with me.] A book or other 
thing that a person carries with him as a constant com- 
panion ; a manual. 

VAG'A-BOND, a. [Ij.vagabundus.] 1. Wandering; mov- 
ing from place to place without any settled habitation. 2. 
Wandering ; floating about without any certain direction ; 
driven to and fro. 

VAG'A-BOND, n. A vagrant ; one who wanders from town 
to town or place to place, having no certain dwelling, 
or not abiding in it. 

VAG'4-BOND-RY, n. A state of wandering in idleness. 

VA-Ga'RY, n. [L. vagus.] A wandering of the thoughts ; 
a wild freak ; a whim ; a whimsical purpose. 

f VA-Ga'RY, v. i. [Old Fr. vaguer.] To wander ; to gad ; 
to range ; to roam ; to remove often from place to place. 
Cotgrave. 

t Va'GI-ENT, a. [Ij.vagiens.] Crying like a child. Jifore. 

VAG'I-NAL, a. [L. vagina.] Pertaining to a sheath, or 
resembling a sheath. 

VAG'I-NANT, a. [L. vagina.] In botany, sheathing. 

VA6'I-NA-TED, a. In botany, sheathed ; invested by the 
tubular base of the leaf, as a stem. Martyn. 

VAG-I-NO-PEN'NOUS, a. [L. vagina and penna.] Hav- 
ing the wings covered with a hard case or sheath, as in- 
sects. 

Va'GOUS, a. [1^. vagus; Fx. vague.] Wandering; un- 



settled. [Little used.] Ayliffe. 

\N-CY,7i. [f 

without a settled home. 



Va'GRAN-CY, 71. [from vagrant,] A state of wandering 



Va'GRANT, a. [L. vagor.] 1. Wandering from place to 
place without any settled habitation. 2. Wandering; 
unsettled ; moving without any certain direction. 



See Synopsis. MOVE BQOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— e as K : G as J : S as Z j CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



VAL 



VAN 



VA'GRANT, n. [Norm, vagarant.] An idle wanderer ; a 
vagabond ; one who strolls from place to place ; a sturdy 
beggar j one who has uo settled habitation, or who does 
not abide in it. 

VaGUE, (vag) a. [Fr.; L. vagus.] 1. Wandering ; vagrant ; 
vagabond ; [obs.] 2. Unsettled ; unfixed , undetermined ; 
indefinite. 3. Proceeding from no known authority ; fly- 
ing ; uncertain. 

VAIL, K. [Fr. voile; It. velo ; L. velum.] 1. Any kind of 
cloth which is used for intercepting the view and hiding 
something. 2. A piece of thin cloth or sUkstufi', used by 
females to hide their faces. 3. A cover ; that which con- 
ceals. — 4. In botany, the membranous covering of the 
germen in the musci and hepaticm ,• the calypter. 5. Trails, 
money given to servants. Dryden. 

VaIL, v. t. [L. velo.] To cover , to hide from the sight. 

t VaII,, v. t. [Fr. avaler.] 1. To let fall. Carew. 2. To 
let fall ; to lower. 3. To let fall ; to sink. Shak. 

fVAlL, ^•. i. To yield or recede j to give place; to show 
respect by yielding. South. 

VaILED, pp. Covered ; concealed. 

fVAlL'ER, 71. One who yields from respect. Overbury. 

VaIL'IJVG, ppr. Covering ; hiding from the sight. 

VaIN, a. [Fr. vain; It. vaiio ; L. vanus.] 1. Empty; 
worthless ; having no substance, value or importance. 2. 
Fruitless ; inefiectual. 3. Proud of petty things, or of 
trifling attainments ; elated with a high opinion of one's 
own accomplishments, or with things more showy than 
valuable ; conceited. 4. Empty ; unreal. 5. Showy ; 
ostentatious. 6. Light ; inconstant ; worthless. Prov. xii. 
7. Empty ; unsatisfied. 8. False ; deceitful ; not genuine ; 
spurious. James i. 9. Not eff'ectual ; having no efficacy. 
— /«, tjaiM, to no purpose ; vrithout effect ; ineffectual. — To 
take the name of God in vain, to use the name of God with 
levity or profaneness. 

VaIN-GLo'RI-OUS, a. [vain and glorious.] 1. Vain to 
excess of one's own achievements ; elated beyond due 
measure ; boastful. 2. Boastful ; proceeding from vanity. 

VaIN-GLo'RI-OUS-LY, adv. With empty pride. Jililtan. 

VaIN-GLo'IIY, 71. [vain and glory.] Exclusive vanity 
excited by one's own performances ; empty pride ; undue 
elation of mind. 

VaIN'LY, adv. 1. Without effect ; to no purpose ; ineffect- 
ually ; in vain. 2. Boastingly ; with vaunting ; proudly ; 
arrogantly. 3. Idly ; foolishly.- 

VaIN'NESS, n. 1. The state of being vain ; inefficacy ; 
ineffectualiiess. 2. Empty pride ; vanity. 

VAIR, 71. In heraldry, a kind of fur or doubling, consisting 
of divers little pieces, argent and azure, resembling a bell- 
glass. 

VATR, I a. In heraldry, charged with vair ; variegated 

VAIR'Y, \ with argent" and azure colors, when the term 
is vairy proper ; and with other colors, when it is vair or 
vairy compo . ed. Todd. 

VaI'VODE, n. [Sclav.] A prince of the Dacian provinces ; 
sometimes written 2caiwode, for this is the pronunciation. 

VAL'ANCE, n. [qu. Fr. avalant, faffing ; Norm, valaunt.] 
The fringes of drapery hanging round the tester and head 
of abed. Swift. 

VAL'ANCE, v. t. To decorate with hanging fringes. 

VALE, 7f. [Fr. val ; It. valle ; L. vallis.] 1. A tract of 
low ground or of land between hUls ; a vaffey. [Vale is 
used in poetry, and valley in prose.] 2. A little trough or 
canal. 3. Vales, [avails',] money given to servants ; [not 
used in America.] 

VAL-E-DI€'TION, 71. [L. valedico.] A farewell; a bid- | 
ding farewell. 

VAL-E-DI€'TO-RY, a. Bidding farewell. 

VAL-E-DI€'TO-RY, v. An oration or address spoken at 
commencement, in American colleges, by a member of the 
class which receive the degree of bachelor of arts, and 
take their leave of college and of each other. 

VAL'EN-TINE, 7t. 1. A sweetheart or choice made on Val- 
entine's day. 2. A letter sent by one young person to 
another on Valentine's day. 

VA-Le'RI-AN, n. A plant of the genus Valeriana. 

*VAL'ET, 71. [Fr.] 1. A waiting-servant ; a servant v,'ho 
attends on a gentleman's person. — 2. In the manege, a kind 
of goad or stick armed with a point of iron. Cyc. 

VAI^£-TU-DI-NaiRI-AN, or VAL-E-TtJ'DI-NA-RY, a. 
[1,. valetiidinarius.] Sickly; weak; infirm; seeking to 
recover health. 

VAL-E-TU-DI-Na-TvI-AN, I n. A person of a weak, infirm 

VAL-E-Tu'DI-NA-RY, \ or sickly constitution; one 
who is seeking to recover health. 

f VAL'IANCE, (val'yans) n. Bravery ; valor. Spenser. 

VAL'IANT, (valiyant) a. [F. vaillant.] 1. Primarily, 
st.-ong; vigorous in body. 2. Brave ; courageous ; intrep- 
id in danger ; heroic. 3. Performed with valor ; bravely 
conducted ; heroic. 

VAL'IANT-LY, adv. 1. Stoutly; vigorously; with per- 
sonal strength. 2. Courageously; bravely; heroically. 

VAL'IANT-NESS, n. 1. Stoutness ; strength.— 2. Most 
generally, valor ; bravery ; intrepidity in danger. 



VAL'ID, a. [Fr. valide : L. validus.] 1. Having sufficient 
strength or force ; founded in truth ; sound ; just ; good ; 
that can be supported ; not weak or defective. 2. Having 
legal strength or force ; efficacious ; executed with the prop- 
er formalities ; that cannot be rightfully overthrown or set 
aside ; supportable by law or right. 3. Strong ; powerful ; 
[obs.] 

VA-LID'I-TY, n. [Fr. validite.] 1. Strength or force to con- 
vince ; justness ; soundness. 2. Legal strength or force ; 
that quality of a thing which renders it supportable in 
law or equity. 3. Value ; [not in use.] Shak. 

VAL'iD-LZ , adv. In a valid manner ; in such a manne' or 
degree as to make firm or to convince. 

VAL'ID-NESS, n. Validity, which see. 

VA-LiSE', 7*. [Fr.] A horseman's case or portmanteau. 

VAL-LAN'C Y, n. [from valance.] A large wig that shades 
the face. Dryden. 

VAL-La'TION, n. [L. vallatus.] An entrenchment. War- 
ton. 

VAL'LEY, 71. ,• pin. Valleys. [Fr. vallee ; L. vallis.] 1. A 
hollow or low tract of land between hills or mountains. 
2. A low, extended plain, usually alluvial, penetrated or 
washed by a river. — 3. In building, a gutter ove'* the 
sleepers in the rof/f of a building. 

VAL'LUM, 7t. [L.J A trench or wall. Wartan. 

VAL'OR, 71. [L valor ; Fr. valeur.] Strength of mi;id in 
regard to danger ; that quality which enables a man to 
encounter danger with firmness ; personal bravery ; cour- 
age ; intrepidity ; prowess. 

AJD VA-Lo'REM, in commerce, according to the value ; as, 
an ad valorem duty. 

VAL'OR-OUS, a. Brave ; courageous ; stout ; intrepid. 

VAL'OR-OUS-LY, adv. In a brave manner ; heroically. 

VAL'U-A-BLE, a. [Fr. valable.] 1. Having value or worth , 
having some good qualities which are useful and esteem- 
ed ; precious. 2. Worthy ; estimable : deserving esteem. 

VAL'U-A-BLE-NESS, n. Preciousness ;' worth, Johnson. 

VAL-U-A'TION, 71. [from value.] 1. The act of estima- 
ting the value or worth ; the act of setting a price. 2. 
Apprizement. 3. Value set upon a thing; estimated 
worth. 

'* VAL-U-A'TOR, n. One who sets a value ; an apprizer. 

VAL'UE, (val'u) n. [Fr valoir, valu ; It. valore ; Sp. valor.] 
1. Worth ; that property or those properties of a thing 
which render it useful or estimable ; or the degree of that 
property or of such properties. 2. Price; the rate of 
worth set upon a commodity, or the amount for which a 
thing is sold. 3. V/orth. 4. High rate. 5. Importance ; 
efficacy in producing etfects. 6. Import ; precise signifi- 
cation. 

VAL'UE, (val'u) v. t. 1. To estimate the worth of; to rate 
at a certain price ; to apprize. 2. To rate at a high price 
to have in high esteem. 3. To esteem ; to hold in respect 
and estimation. 4. To take account of. 5. To reckon or 
estimate with respect to number or power. 6. To consid- 
er with respect to importance. 7. To raise to estimation ; 
[ohs.] 8. To be worth ; [obs.] 

VAL'U ED, ^j>. Estimated at a certain rate ; apprized; es- 
teemed. 

VAL'UE-LESS, a. Being of no value ; having no worth. 

VAL U-ER, 71. One who values; an' apprizer; one who 
holds in esteem. 

VAL'U-ING, ppr. Setting a price on ; estimating the worth 
of; esteeming. 

VALV'ATE, a. Having or resembling a valve. 

VALVE, (valv) t;. [L. valvm.] 1. A folding door. 2. A 
lid or cover so formed as to open a communication in one 
direction, and close it in the other. — 3. In anatomy, a 
membranous partition within the cavity of a vessel, wliich 
opens to allow the passage of a fluid in one direction, and 
shuts to prevent its regurgitation.— 4. In botany, tbe out- 
er coat, shell or covering of a capsule or other pericarp. 
5. One of the pieces or divisions in bivalve and mifftivalve 
shells. 

VALVED, a. Having valves ; composed of valves. 

VALV'LET, or VALVULE, n. A little valve ; one of the 
pieces which compose the outer covering of a pericarp. 

VALV'U-LAR, a. Containing valves. Med. Did. 

VAMP, n. [W. gwam.] The upper-leather of a shoe. 

VAMP, V. t. To piece an old thing with a new part ; to re- 
pair. Swift. 

VAMPED, pp. Pieced ; repaired. 

VAMP'ER, n. One who pieces an old thing with something 
new. 

VAMP'ING, ppr. Piecing with something new. 

VAMP'lRE,7!. [Gr. vampyr.] 1. In 7«7/t7joZo^7/, an imaginary 
demon, which was fabled to suck the blood of persons 
during the night. — ^2. In zoology, a species of large bat, 
the Fespertilio vampyrus of Linne, called also the ternate 
bat. 

VAN, n. [Fr. avant, avancer.] 1. The front of an armv ; 
or the front line or foremost division of a fleet, either in 
sailing or in battle. — 2. Among farmers, a fan for win- 
nowing grain ; [this, in JVew England, is always pro 



See ^nopsis. A E, I, O, D, ?, long.— FAR, FALL, VIHAT ;— PREY ;— PtN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t OJ^mlete 



VAP 



899 



VAR 



ihmnced/an, W'*»ich see.]— 3. In mining, the cleansing of 
ore or tin stuff by means of a shovel. 4. A wing with 
which the air is beaten. 

r VAN, V. t. [Fr. vaytiier.] To fan. See Fan. 

* VAN-eOUK'IERS, n. [Fr. avant-coureurs.'] In armies, 
light-avined soldiers sent before armies to beat the road 
upon the approach of an enemy ; precursors. Cyc. 

VAN'DAL, H. [It signifies a wanderer.] A ferocious, cruel 
person. 

VAN-DAL'I€, a. Pertaining to the Vandals ; ferocious j 
rade ; barbarous. 

VAJN'DAL-ISM, n. Ferocious cruelty : indiscriminate de- 
struction of lives and property. Ramsay. 

VAN-DYKE', 71. A small round handkerchief with a collar 
for the neck, worn by females. 

VANE, n. [D. vnan.] A plate placed on a spindle, at the 
top of a spire, for the purpose of showing by its turning 
and direction, which way the wind blows. 

VAN'-FOSS, n. A ditch on the outside of the counterscarp. 

VANG, ?i. 1. The vangs of a ship are a sort of braces to 
steady the mizen-gaff. 2. The thin membranous part or 
web of a featlier. 

VAN'-GUARD, ?;. [van and gua7-d.] The troops who 
march in front of an army ; the first line. 

VA-NIL'LA,«. A genus of plants. Cyc. 

VAN'ISH, V. i. [L. vaiiesco ; Fr. evanouir.] 1. To disap- 
pear ; to pass from a visible to an invisible state. 2. To 
disappear ; to pass beyond the limit of vision. 3. To dis- 
appear ; to pass away ; to be annihilated or lost. 

VAN'ISHED, a. Having no perceptible existence. Pope. 

VAN'ISH-ING, ppr. Disappearing j passing from the sight 
or possession ; departing forever. 

VAN''I-TY, n. [Fr. vanite ; L. vanitas.] 1. Emptiness ; 
want of substance to satisfy deaire ; uncertainty : inanity. 
2. Fruitless desire or endeavor. 3. Trifling labor that 
produces no good. 4. Emptiness j untruth. 5. Empty 
pleasure; vain pursuit; idle show; unsubstantial enjoy- 
ment. 6. Ostentation ; arrogance. Raleigh. 7. Inflation 
of mind upon slight grounds ; empty pride, inspired by 
an overweening conceit of one's personal attainments or 
decorations. 

VAN'Q,UISH, ?;. t. [Fr. vaincre ; L. vinco ; It. vincere; Sp. 
vincer.] 1. To conquer ; to overcome ; to subdue in battle ; 
as an enemy. 2. To defeat in any contest ; to refute in 
argument. 

VAN'Q,UISH, n. A disease in sheep, in which they pine 
away. 

VAN'QUISH-A-BLE, a. That may be conquered. Gayton. 

VAN'aUISHED, pp. Overcome in battle ; subdued. 

VAN'Q,UISH-ER, n. A conqueror ; a victor. Milton. 

VAN'Q.UISH-LNG, ppr. Conquering ; subduing ; defeating ; 
refuting. 

VAN'SiRE, n. In zoology, a species of weasel with short 
ears, found in Madagascar. Cyc. 

VANT V. i. [Fr. vanter.] To boast. See Vaunt. 

VANT'A6E, w. [Sp. ventaja.] 1. Gain; profit; [obs.] 2. 
Superiority; state in which one has better means of action 
or defense than another ; [used only in the compound 
vantaa-e-ground.1 3. Opportunity; convenience; [obs.] 

t VaNT'AGE, v. t. To profit. 

VaNT'AGE-GROUND, ?!. Superiority of state or place; 
the place or condition which gives one an advantage over 
another. 

t VANT'BRASS, n. [Fr. avant-bras.] Armor for the arm. 

VAP'ID, a. [li. vapidus.] 1. Having lost its life and spirit ; 
dead ; spiritless ; flat. 2. Dull ; unanimated. 

VAP'ID-NESS, n. 1. The state of having lost its fife or 
spirit ; deadness ; flatness. 2. Dullness ; want of life or 
spirit. 

Va'POR, n. [L., Sp. vapor ; Fr. vapeur ; It. vapore.] 1. In a 
general sense, an invisible, elastic fluid, rendered aeriform 
by heat, and capable of being condensed, or brought back 
to the hquid or solid state, by cold. 2. A visible fluid 
floating in the atmosphere. 3. Substances resembling 
smoke, which sometimes fill the atmosphere, particularly 
in America during the autumn. 4. Wind; flatulence. 
5. Mental fume ; vain imagination ; unreal fancy. — 6. Va- 
pors, a disease of nervous debility, in which a variety of 
strange images float in the brain, or appear as if visible. 
7. Something unsubstantial, fleeting or transitory. James 
iv. 

VaTOR, v.i. [L. vapore ] 1. Topassoffinfumcsor amolst, 
floating substance; to steam; to be exhaled; to evaporate. 
2. To emit fumes; [l.n.] 3. To bully ; to boast or vaunt 
with a vain, ostentatious display of worth ; to brag. 

VaTOR, V t. To emit, cast off" or scatter in fumes or steam. 

VAP-O-RA BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being capable of 
vaporization. Dispensatory. 

VAP'0-RA-BLE, a. Capable of being converted into vapor 
bv the agency of caloric. 

VAP'O-RATE, ^•. i. To emit vapor. See Evaporate. 

VAP-O-Ra'TION, n. [L. vaporatio.] The act or process of 
converting into vapor, or of passing off in vapor. 

Va'POR-BATH, 71. 1. The application of vapor to the body 



in a close place. — ^2. in chemistry, an apparatus for heating 
bodies by the fumes of hot water. Cyc. 

Vapored, a. l. Most; wet with vapors. 2. Splenetic: 
peevish. Green. 

Va'POR-ER, n. A boaster ; one who makes a vaunting 
display of his prowess or worth ; a braggart. 

VAP-O-RIF IC, a. [L. vapor and faciu.] Forming into va- 
por ; converting into steam, or expelling in a volatile 
finra, as fluids. 

VaPOR-ING, ppr. Boasting; vaunting ostentatiously and 
vainly. 

Va'POR-ING-LY, adv. In a boasting manner. 

Va'POR-ISH, a. I. Full of vapors. 2. Hypochondriac • 
splenetic ; affected by hysterics. 

VAP-O-RI-Za'TLON, n. The artificial formation of vapor. 

VAP'OR-iZE, V t. To convert into vapor by the applica 
tion of heat or artificial means. 

VAP'OR-lZE, V. i. To pass off in vapor. 

YAP'OR-lZED, pp. Expelled in vapor. 

VAP'OR-iZ-ING, ppr. Converting into vapor. 

Va'POR-OUS, a.' [Fr. vaporeux.] 1. Full of vapors or ex 
halations. 2. Vain ; unreal ; proceeding from the vaporn 
3. Windy ; flatulent. 

Va'POR-OUS-NESS, n. State of being full of vapors. 

Va'POR-Y, a. 1. Vaporous; full of vapors. Thomson. 2 
Hypochondriac ; splenetic ; peevish. Thomson. 

fVAP-TJ-LA'TION, 71. [L. vapulo.] The act of beating or 
whipping. 

t VARE, n. [Sp. vara.] A wand or staff of justice. 

VAR'EC, 71. The French name for kelp or incinerated sea 
weed ; Wrack. Ure. 

Va'RI, n. In zoology, a species of quadruped. 

Va'RI-A-BLE, a. [F«-. See Vary.] 1. That may vary or 
alter; capable of alteration in any manner; changeable. 
2. Susceptible of change ; liable to change ; mutable ; 
fickle; unsteady; inconstant. — 3. In mathematics, suhject 
to continual increase or decrease. 

Va'RI-A-BLE, 7*. In mathematics, a quantity which is in a 
state of continual increase or decresise. 

Va'RI-A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Susceptibility of change ; lia- 
bleness or aptness to alter ; changeableness. 2. Incon- 
stancy ; fickleness; unsteadiness; levity. 

Va'RI-A-BLY, adv. Changeably ; with alteration ; in an 
inconstant or fickle manner. 

Va'RI-ANCE, n. 1. In laio, an alteration of something 
formerly laid in a writ ; or a difference between a decla- 
ration and a writ, or the deed on which it is grounded, 
2. Any alteration or change of condition. 3. Difference 
that produces dispute or controversy ; disagreement ; dis- 
sension ; discord. — At variance. 1. in disagreement ; in a 
state of difference. 2. In a state of dissension or of en- 
mity. 

Va'RI-ATE, v. t. 1. To alter; to make different. King. 
2. To vary ; [a bad word.] 

VA-RI-A'TION, 7(. [Fr. ; L. variatio.] 1. Alteration ; a par- 
tial change in the form, position, state or qualities of the 
same thing. 2. Difference ; cbange from one to another. 
— 3. In grammar, change of termination of nouns and 
adjectives, constituting what is called case, number and 
gender. 4. Deviation. — 5. In astronomy, the variation 
of the moon is the third inequality in her motion ; by 
which, when out of the quadratures, her true place differs 
from her place twice equated. — 6. In geography and nav- 
igation, the deviation of the magnetic needle from the 
true north point ; called also (i!ecZmaf!07i. — 7. In ?«M5ic, the 
different manner of singing or playing the same air or 
tune, by subdividing the notes into several others of less 
value, or by adding graces, yet so that the tune itself may 
be discovered through all its embellishments. 

VAR'I-€0-Cf:LE, n. [L. varix, and Gr. Krt\r].] In surgery, a 
varicous enlargement of the veins of the spermatic cord : 
or, more generally, a like enlargement of the veins of the 
scrotum. 

VAR'I-€OSE, ) a. [L. varicosns.] 1. Preternaturally en- 

VAR'I-€OUS, \ larged, or permanently dilated, as a vein. 
2. Swelled ; puffy ; as an ulcer on the legs of beasts. Cyc 

YA'l{\E\),pp.o{vary. Altered ; partially changed; changed 

Va'RI-E-GATE, v. t. [It. varieggiare ; li. vario, varius.] 
To diversify in external appearance ; to mark with differ- 
ent colors. 

Va'RI-E-GA-TED, pp. Diversified in colors or external ap- 
pearance. 

VA'RI-E-GA-TING,j77>r. Diversifying with coloi-s 

VA-RI-E-Ga'TION, n. The act of diversifying, or state of 
being diversified by different colors; diversity of colors. 

VA-Ri'E-TY, n. [Fr.variete ; h.varietas.] 1. Intermixture 
of different things, or of things different in form ; or a suc- 
cession of different things. 2. One thing of many which 
constitute variety. 3. Difference ; dissimilitude. 4. Va - 
riation ; deviation ; change from a former state ; [L u \ 
5. Many and different kinds. — 6. In natural history, a 
difference not permanent or invariable, but occasioned by 
an accidental change. 7. Different sort. 



* See Synopsis, M5 Vj&j. BOOK, D6VE j— B^LL, UNITE — € as K ; G as J -, S as Z ; CH as SH 5 TH as in this, f Obsolete 



VAS 



900 



VEE 



Va RI-O-LITE, n. [L. vaniis, and Gr . \i9os. In mineralo- 
gy, a kind of porphyritic rock. 

VA'RI-O-LOID, n. [L. variolcs, and Gr. eiSog, form.] The 
name recently given to a disease resembling the small- 
pox. 

Va'RI-O-LOUS, a. [L. variolm, from vario.l Pertaining to 
or designating the small pox. 

Va'RI-OUS, a. [L. varius.'] 1. Different ; several ; mani- 
fold. 2. Changeable ; uncertain ; unfixed. 3. Unlike 
each other ; diverse. 4. Variegated ; diversified. 

Va'RI-OUS-LY, adv. In different ways 3 with change j 
with diversity. 

Va'RIX, n. [L.] 1. An uneven swelling of a dilated vein. 
— 2. In beasts, a. sort of puffy dilatation or enlargement m 
some part of a vein, forming a kind of knot. Cyc. 

VAR'LET, n. [Old Fr. See Valet.] 1. Anciently, a serv- 
ant or footman. Tusser. 2. A scoundrel ; a rascal. 

tViiR'LET-RY, ra The rabble ; the crowd. Shak. 

VAR'NISH, n. [Fr. vernis ; Sp. harniz ; Port, verniz ; It 
vernice.] 1. A thick, viscid, glossy liquid, laid on work 
by pa'nters and others, to give it a smooth, hard surface 
and a beautiful gloss. 2. An artificial covering to give a 
fair appearance to any act or conduct. 

VAR'NISH, V. t. [Fr. vemisser, vernir.] 1, To lay varnish 
on ; to cover with a liquid, for giving any thing a glossy 
surface. 2. To cover with something that gives a fair 
external appearance. 3. To give a fair external appear- 
ance in words ; to give a fair coloring to. 

VAR'NISHED, y/). ]. Covered with varnish; made glossy. 

2. Rendered fair in external appearance. 
VARNISH-ER, n. I. One who varnishes, or whose occu- 
pation is to varnish. 2. One who disguises or palliates ; 
one who gives a fair external appea];^nce. Pope. 

VAR'NISH-ING, ppr. Laying on varnish ; giving a fair 
external appearance. 

VAR'NISH-TREE, n. The i-hus vernix, poison ash, or poi- 
son oak. Lee. 

VAR'VELS, or VER'VELS, n. [Fr. vervel.] Silver rings 
about the legs of a hawk, on which the owner's name is 
engraved. 

Va'RY, v.t. [li.vario; 'Fr.varier ; Sp.variar ; It. variare.] 

1. To alter in form, appearance, substance or position ; 
to make different by a partial change. 2. To change to 
something else. 3 To make of different kinds. 4. To 
diversify ; to variegate. 

Va'RY, v. i. 1. To alter or be altered in any manner ; to 
suffer a partial change. 2. To be changeable ; to alter. 

3. To differ or be different; to be unlike. 4. To be 
changed ; to become different. 5, To become unlike 
one's self; to alter. 6. To deviate; to depart. 7. To al- 
ter or change in succession. 8. To disagree ; to be at va- 
riance. 

fVARY, m. Alteration; change. Skak. 
Va'RY-ING, ppr. Altering ; changing ; deviating. 
VAS'CU-LAR, a. [L. vascnlum, a vessel, from vas.] 1. 
Pertaining to the vessels of animal or vegetable bodies. 

2. Full of vessels ; consisting of animal or vegetable ves- 
sels, as arteries, veins, &c. 

VAS-€U-LAR'I-TY, n. The state of being vascular. 

VAS-eU-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. vasctd,tm and/ero.] Vascu- 
liferous plants are such as have seed-vessels divided into 
cells. Cyc. 

* VASE, n. [Fr., from L. vas, vasa ; It. vo.so.] \. A vessel 
for domestic use, or for use in temples. 2. An ancient 
vessel dug out of the ground or from rubbish, and kept as 
a curiosity. — 3. In architecture, an ornament of sculpture, 
placed on socles or pedestals, representing one of the ves- 
sels of the ancients, as incense-pots, flower-pots, &c. 4. 
The body of the Corinthian and Composite capital ; called 
also the tamhor or drum. 5. Among^omte, the calyx of a 
plant, as of a tulip. — 6. Among goldsmiths, the middle of 
a church candlestick. 7. A solid piece of ornamental 
marble. 

VAS'SAL, n. [Fr. vassal ; It. vassallo ; Sp. vasallo.] 1. A 
feudatoi-y ; a tenant ; one who holds land of a superior, 
and who vows fidelity and homage to him. 2. A sub- 
ject ; a dependant. 3. A servant. — 4. In common lan- 
guage, a bondman ; a political slave. 

VAS'SAL, V. t. To subject to control : *z enslave. 

v'AS'SAL-AGE, n. [Fr. vasselagi ; Sp. vasalage.] 1. The 
state of being a vasaa' o? leudatory. 2. Political servi- 
tude ; dependence ; sttbjection ; slavery. 

VAS'SALED, pp. or a. Enslaved; subjected to absolute 
power ; as, a vassaled land. Trumbull. 

V AST, a. [li. vastus; Fi.vaste; It. vasto.] 1. Being of great 
extent ; very spacious or large. 2. Huge in bulk and ex- 
tent ; as, the vast mo'mtains of Asia. 3. Very great in 
numbers or amount. 4. Very great in force ; mighty. 5. 
Very great in importance. 

VAST, n. An empty waste. Milton. 

VAS-Ta'TION, n. \ L. vastatio.] A laying waste ; waste ; 
depopulation. [Devastation is generally used.] 

VA&-TID'I-TY, 71. Vastness; immensity. [JSTot English] 
Shak. 



VAST'LY, adv. Very greatly ; to a great extent or degree. 

VAST'NESS, n. 1. Great extent ; immensity. 2. Immense 
bulk and extent. 3. Immense magnitude or amount. 4 
Immense importance. 

VAST' Y, a. Being of a great extent ; very spacious. [L. u 

VAT, n. [D. vat ; Sax. fat ; G. fass.] 1. A large vessel or 
cistern for holding liquors in an immature state. 2. A 
square box or cistern in which hides are laid for steeping 
in tan. 3. An oil measure in Holland ; a wine measure. 
4. A square, hollow place on the back of a calcining furn- 
ace, where tin ore is laid to dry. 

VAT'I-CAN, n. In Rome, the celebrated church of St. 
Peter ; and also a magnificent palace of the pope ; situa- 
ted at the foot of one of the seven hills on which Rome 
was built. .- 

VAT'I-ClDE, 71. [L. vates and cado.] The murderer of a 
prophet. Pope. 

VA-TIC'I-NAL, a. [L. vaticinor.] Containing prcphecy. 
Warton. 

VA-TIC'IN-ATE,?5.i. [L. vaticinor.] To prophesy; to fore- 
tell ; to practice prediction. [Little used.] Howell. 

VAT-I-CI-Na'TION, 71. Prediction; prophecy. Bentley. 

VAU'DE-VIL, (v5'de-vil) n. [Fr. vaudeville.] A song com 
mon among the vulgar, and sung about the streets. V 
ballad ; a trivial strain. 

* VAULT, 71. [Fr. voiite; It. volta.] 1. A continued arch, 
or an arched roof. — Vaults are of various kinds, circular, 
elliptical, single, double, cross, diagonal, Gothic, <fcc. 2. 
A cellar. 3. A cave or cavern. 4. A repository for the 
dead. — 5. In the manege, the leap of a horse. 

* VAULT, V. t. To arch ; to form with a vault ; or to cover 

with a vault. 
VAULT, 7J. i. [Sp.voltear; It. voltare; Fi. vautrer.] 1 To 

leap; to bound; to jump; to spring. 2. To tumble; to 

exhibit feats of tumbling or leaping. 
t VAULT'AGE, 71. Vaulted work ; an arched cellar. 
VAULT'ED, pp. 1. Arched ; concave. 2. Covered with an 

arch or vault.— 3. a. In botany, arched like the roof of the 

mouth, as the upper lip of many ringent flowers. 
VAULT'ER, 71. One that vaults ; a leaper ; a tumbler. 
VAULT'ING, ppr. 1. Arching; covering with an arch. 

2. Leapinw; tumbling; exhibiting feats of leaping. 
t VAULT'Y, a. Arched ; concave. Shak. 

* VAUNT, V. i. [Fr. vanter ; It. vantarsi.j To boast ; to make 
a vain display of one's own worth, attainments or decora- 
tions ; to talk with vain ostentation ; to brag. 

* VAUNT, V. t. To boast of; to make a vain display of. 

- VAUNT, 71. Boast ; a vain display of what one is or has, or 
has done ; ostentation from vanity. Milton. 

t VAUNT, 77. [Fr. av ant.] The first part. Shak. 

VAUNT-€5U'RIi5R, n. [See * Vancouriees.] [Fr. 
avant-coureur.] A precursor. Shak. 

* VAUNT'ED, pp. Vainly boasted of or displayed. 

* VAUNT'ER, 71. A vain, conceited boaster ; a braggart ; a 

man given to vain ostentation. Spenser. 

* VAUNT'FUL, a. Boastful ; vainly ostentatious. 
*VAUNT'ING,ppr. Vainly boasting ; ostentatiously setting 

forth v/hat one is or has. 

*VAUNT'ING-LY,ad!J. Boastfully; with vain ostentation. 

VAUNT '-MURE, 71. [Fr. avant-mur.] A false wall; a work 
raised in froht of the main wall. Camden. 

VAV'A-SOR, 71. [This word in old books is variously writ- 
ten, valvasor, vavasour, valvasour.] Camden holds that the 
vavasor was next below a baron. 

VAV'A-SO-RY, n. The quality or tenure of the fee held by 
a vavasor. Cyc. 

IVa'WARD, 71. [7)^71 and 7z>ffir{Z.] The fore part. Shak. 

VeAL, n. [Fr. veau.] The flesh of a calf killed for the ta- 
ble. 

t VECK, n. [It. vecchia ; L. vetida.] An old woman. Chau- 
cer. 

t VEC'TION, n. [L. vectio.] The act of carrying, or state 
of being carried. 

t VEC-TI-Ta'TION, 71. [L. vectito.] A carrying. Arhuth- 
not. 

VECTOR, 71. [L.] In astronomy, a line supposed to be 
drawn from any planet moving round a centre or the fo- 
cus of an ellipsis, to that centre or focus. 

VECT'URE, n. [L. vectura.] A carrying ; carriage ; con- 
veyance by carrying. [Little %ised.] Bacon. 

VE-DA', (ve-daw') n. The name of the collective body of 
the Hindoo sacred writings. The word is sometimes 
written vedam. Sir W. Jones. 

VE-DET', ) n. [Fr. vedette ; It. vedetta.] A sentinel on 

VE-DETTE', \ horseback. 

VEER, V. i. [Fr. virer ; Sp. birar ; D. vieren.] To turn ; to 
change direction. — To veer and haul, as wind, to alter its 
direction. 

VEER, v. t. To turn; to direct to a different course.— T'o 
veer out, to suffer to run or to let out to a greater length 
— To veer away, to let out ; to slacken and let run. — To 
veer and haul, to pull tight and slacken alternately. Mar. 
Diet. 

fVEER'A-BLE, a. Changeable; shifting. Randolph. 



i See, Synopsis A, E, I, 5, V, Y, long.— F AH FALL, WHA.T ;—PRSY;—PiN, MARINE, BIRD :— ^Obsolete 



VEL 



901 



VEN 



VEER75D, pp. Turned ; changed in direction ; let out. 

VEER'ING, ppr. Turning ; letting out to a greater length. 

VEG-E-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. [from vegetable.] Vegetable na- 
ture ; the quality of growth without sensation. Brown. 

VEG'E-TA-BLE, 71. [Fr.] 1. A plant j an organized body 
destitute of sense and voluntary motion, deriving its 
nourishment through pores or vessels on its outer surface, 
in most instances adhering to some other body, as the earth, 
and, in general, propagating itself by seeds.— 2. In a more 
limited sense, vegetables are such plants as are used for 
culinary purposes, and cultivated in gardens, or are des- 
tined for feeding cattle and sheep. 

VE6'E-TA-BLE, a. 1. Belonging to plants. 2. Consisting 
of plants. 3. Having the nature of plants. 

t VEG'E TAL, n. A vegetable. B. Jonson. 

V EG'E-TATE, v. i. [L. vegeto ; Fr. vegeter.] To sprout ; to 
germinate ; to grow, as plants ; to grow and be enlarged 
by nutriment imbibed from the earth, air or water, by 
means of roots and leaves, 

"VEG'E-TA-TI]VG,^;>r. Germinating; sprouting; growing. 

V E6-E-Ta'TI0N, n. [Fr.] 1. The process of growing, as 
j)lants, by means of nourishment derived from the earth, 
or from water and air, and received through roots and 
leaves. 2. Vegetables or plants in general. 

VEG'E-TA-TiVE, a. [Fr. vegetatif.] 1. Growing, as plants. 
2. Having the power to produce growth in plants. 

VE<S'E-TA-TlVE-NESS, n. The quality of producing 
grovvth. 

VE-6eTE', a. [L. vegetus.] Vigorous ; active. [L. u.] 

VE6'E-TlVE, a. [L. vegeto, vigeo.] Vegetable ; having the 
nature of plants ; as, vegetive life. [Little used.] Tusser. 

tVEG'E-TIVE,?i. A vegetable. Sandys. 

VEG'E-TO-AN'I-MAL, a. Vegeto-animal matter is a term 
formerly applied to vegetable gluten. 

t VE-Ge'TOUS, a. Vigorous ; lively ; vegete. B. Jonson. 

VE'HE-MENCE, ) n. [Fr. vehemence ; L. vehemens.] 1. 

Ve'HE-MEN-CY, j Violence ; great force ; properly, force 
derived from velocity. 2. Violent ardor ; great heat; ani- 
mated fervor. 

Ve'HE-MENT, a. [Fr. ; L. vehemens.] 1. Violent ; acting 
with great force ; furious ; very forcible. 2. Very ardent ; 
very eager or urgent ; very fervent. 

Ve'HE-MENT-LY, adv. 1. With great force and violence. 
2. Urgently ; forcibly ; with great zeal or pathos. 

Ve'HI-€LE, n. [Fr. vehicule ; L. vehiculum.] 1. That in 
which any thing is or may be canied ; any kind of car- 
riage moving on land, either on wheels or runners. 2. 
That which is used as the instrument of conveyance. 

Ve'HI-€LED, a. Conveyed in a vehicle. Oreen. 

VEIL, n. [L. velum.] 1. A cover ; a curtain ,• something to 
intercept the view and hide an object. 2. A cover ; a 
disguise; see Vail. 

VEIL, v. t. 1. To cover with a veil ; to conceal. 2. To in- 
vest ; to cover. 3. To hide ; see Vail. 

VEIN, n. [Fr. veine; li.veiia.] 1. A vessel in animal bodies, 
which receives the blood from the extreme arteries, and 
returns it to the heart. 2. In plants, a tube, or an assem- 
blage of tubes, through which the sap is transmitted along 
the leaves. — 3. In geology, a fissure in rocks or strata, 
filled with a particular sabstance. 4. A streak or wave 
of different color, appearing in wood, marble, and other 
stones ; variegation. 5. A cavity or fissure in the earth 
or in other substance. 6. Tendency or turn of mind ; a 
particular disposition or cast of genius. 7. Current. 8. 
Humor; particular temper. 9. Strain; quality. 

VEINED, a. 1. Full of veins; streaked; variegated.— 2. In 
botany, having vessels branching over the surface, as a 
leaf. 

VEIN'LESS, a. In botany, having no veins. Barton. 

VEIN'Y, ffi. Full of veins; as, ?;ein?/ marble. Thomson. 

VE-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [1,. velum ?mdifero.] Bearing or carry- 
ing SB.i\s._Evelyn. 

f VEL-I-Ta'TIO"N, to. [L. velitatio.] A dispute or contest ; 
a slight skirmish. Burton. 

VELL, TO. [qu./eW, a skin.] A rennet bag. [Local.] 

VELL, V. t. To cut off the turf or sward of land. [Local.] 

VEL-Le'I-TY, TO. [Fr. velleite ; L. velle.] A term by^which 
the schools express the lowest degree of desire. 

VEL'LET, and VEL'LUTE. See Velvet. 

VEL'LI-CATE, 1). {. [1^. vellico.] To twitch ; to stimulate ; 
applied to the muscles and fibres of animals ; to cause to 
twitch convulsive .y. Cyc. 

VEL'LI-€A-TED, pp. Twitched or caused to twitch. 

VEL'LI-€A-TING, ppr. Twitching ; convulsing. 

VEL-LI-€a'TION, to. 1. The act of twitching, or of caus- 
ing to twitch. 2. A twitching or convulsive motion of a 
muscular fibre. 

VEL'LUM, TO. [Fr. velin ; D. vel.] A finer kind of parch- 
ment or skin, rendered clear and white for writing. 

VE-LOC'I-TY, TO. [Fr. velocite ; L. velocitas.] 1. Swiftness; 
celerity ; rapidity ; as, the velocity of wind. We apply 
celerity to animals ; as, a horse or an ostrich runs with 
celerity, and a stream runs with rapidity or velocity ; but 
bodies moving in the air or in ethereal space, move with 



greater or less velocity, not celerity. — 2. Ir. philosophy, 
velocity is that affection of motion by which a body moves 
over a certain space in a certain time. 

t VEL'URE, TO. [Fr. velours.] Velvet. Shak. 

VEL'VET, TO. [It. velluto ; Sp. velludo.] A rich silk stuff, 
covered with a close, short, fine, soft shag or nap. 

VEL'VET, V. t. To paint velvet. Peacham. 

VEL'VET, ; a. Made of velvet ; or soft and delicate, 

VEL'VET-ED, ] like velvet. 

VEL-VE-TEEN', to. A kind of cloth made in imitation of 
velvet. 

VEL'VET-ING, TO. The fine shag of velvet. Cyc. 

VEDVET-Y, a. Made of velvet, or like velvet; soft; 
smooth ; delicate. Med. Repos. 

Ve'NAL, a. [L. vena.] Pertaining to a vein or to veins 
contained in the veins ; as, venal blood. 

Ve'NAL, a. [L. venalis.] 1. Mercenary \ prostitute ; that 
may be bought or obtained for money or other valuable 
consideration. 2. That may be sold ; set to sale. 3. Pur- 
chased. 

VE-NAL'I-TY, TO. Mercenariness ; the state of being in- 
fluenced by money ; prostitution of talents, offices or 
selvices for money or reward. 

VEN'A-RY, a. [L. venor, to hunt.] Relating to hunting. 

VE-NAT'IC, ) a. [L. venaticus, from venor.] Used in 

VE-NAT'I-€AL, \ hunting. 

VE-Na'TION, to. [L. ve7iatio.] 1. The act or practice of 
hunting. 2. The state of being hunted. 

VEND, V. t. [L. vendo ; Fr. vendre ; It. vcndere; Sp. ven- 
der.] To sell ; to transfer a thing and the exclusive right 
of possessing it, to another person for a pecuniary equiva- 
lent. Vending differs from barter. We vend for money ; 
we barter for commodities. 

VEND'ED, pp. Sold ; transferred for money, as goods. 

VEN-DEE', TO. The person to whom a thing is sold. 

VEND'ER, TO. [Fr. vendeur.] A seller ; one who transfers 
the exclusive right of possessing a thing, either his own, 
or that of another as his agenftk 

VEN-DI-BIL'I-TY, ) to. The state of being vendible or 

VEND'I-BLE-NESS, \ salable. 

VEND'I-BLE, a. [L. vendibilis.] Salable ; that may be sold , 
that can be sold ; as, vendible Poods. 

VEND'I-BLE, TO. Something to be sold or offered for sale. 

VEND'I-BLY, adv. In a salable manner. 

t VEN-DI-Ta'TION, to. [L. venditatio.] A boastful display. 

VEN-Dl"TION, TO. [Fr. ; L. venditlo.] The act of selling ; 
sale. 

VEND'OR, to. a vender ; a seller. 

VEN-DuE', to. [Fr. vendu, sold.] Auction ; a public sale ot 
any thing by outcry, to the highest bidder. 

VEN-DuE'-MAS'TER, to. One who is authorized to make 
sale of any property to the highest bidder, by notification 
and public outcry ; an auctioneer. 

* VE-NEER', «. t. [G. fitrnieren.] To inlay; to lay thin 
slices or leaves of fine wood of different kinds on a ground 
of common wood . 

* VE-NEER', to. Thin slices of wood for inlaying, 
*VE-NEER'ED, 2>ip. Inlaid; ornamented with marquetry. 

* VE-NEER'ING,2>i>?-. Inlaying ; adorning with inlaid work. 

* VE-NEER'ING, TO. The act or art of inlaying. 

t VEN'E-FiCE, TO. [L. veneficium.] The practice^of poison 
ing. 

VEN-E-FI"CIAL, ) a. [L. veneficium.] Acting by poison , 

VEN-E-Fi"CIOUS, \ bewitching. [Little used.] 

VEN-E-Fl"CIOUS-LY, adv. By poison or witchcraft. [L.n.] 

VEN'EM-OUS. See Venomocts. 

fVEN'EN-ATE, v.t. [L. oeneno.] To poison, to infect 
with poison. Harvey. 

t VEN-E-Na TION, TO. I. The act of poisoning, 2. Poison ; 
venom, 

fVE-NENE', Id. [Fr, veneneux.] Poisonous ; venodi- 

fVE-NE'NOSEJ ons. Harvey. 

t VEN-ER-A-BIL'I-TY, to. The quality of being venerable. 

VEN'ER-A'BLE, a. [Fr, ; L, venerabilis.] 1, Worthy of 
veneration or reverence ; deserving of honor and respect. 
2. Re/idered sacred by religious associations, or being con- 
secrated to God and to his worship ; to be regarded with 
awe and treated with reverence. 

VEN'ER-A-BLE-NESS, to. The quality of being venera- 
ble. 

VEN'ER-A-BLY, adv. In a manner to excite reverence. 

VEN'ER-ATE, v. t. [Fr. venerer ; L. veneror.] To regard 
with respect and reverence ; to reverence ; to revere. 

VEN'ER-A-TED,^2'' Reverenced; treated with honor and 

VEN'ER-A-TING, ppr. Regarding with reverence. 

VEN-ER-A'TION, to. [Fr. ; L. veneratio 1 The highest de- 
gree of respect and reverence ; respect mingled with some 
degree of awe. 

VEN'ER-A-TOR, to. One who venerates and reverences. 

VE-Ne'RE-AL, a. [h.venereus, from Venus.] 1. Pertain- 
ing to the pleasures of sexual commerce. 2. Proceeding 
from sexual intercourse. 3. Adapted to the cure of the 
lues venerea. 4. Adapted to excite venereal desire j 



See .%TOop.«s. MC^VE BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL. UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



VEN 



902 



VER 



aphrodisiac , provocative. 5. Consisting of copper, called 
by chemists, formerly, Venus ; [obs,] 

T VE-Nk'RE-AN, a. Venereal. Howell. 

VE-Ne'RE-OUS, a. [L. venereus.] Lustful ; libidinous. 

t VEN ER-OUS, for venereous. 

VEN'ER-Y, n. [from Vemis.] The pleasures of the bed. 

VEN'ER-Y, 7). [Fr. venc7-ie ; li.venor.] The act or exercise 
of hunting ; the sports of the chase. 

VEN-E-SE€'TION, n. [L. vejia and sectio.] The act of 
opening a vein for letting blood ; blood-letting ; phle- 
botomy. 

t VEN'EY, n. [Fr. vencz, from venir.] A bout ; a thrust ; a 
hit ; a turn at fencing. Shak. 

t VENGE, (venj) v.t. [Fr. veno-cr.] To avenge ; to punish 

+ VEN6E'A-BLE, a. Revengeful. Spenser. 

VENGE'ANCE, n. [Fr.] The infliction of pain on another, 
in return for an injury or offense. — With a vengeance, in 
familiar language, signifies with great violence or ve- 
hemence. 

VENGEFUL, a. L Vindictive: retributive. 2. Revenge- 
ful. 

VENGE'MENT, n. Avengement ; penal retribution. 

I VEN6'ER, n. An avenger. Spenser. 

j-VE'NI-A-BLE, a. Venial; pardonable. Brown, 

t VE'NI-A-BLY, adv. Pardonably ; excusably. Brown. 

Ve'NI-AL, a. [It. veniale ; Sp. venial; Fi. veniel.] L That 
may be forgiven ; pardonable ; as, a venial fault. — 2. In 
familiar language, excusable ; that may be allowed or 
permitted to pass without censure. 3. Allowed. 

Ve'NI-AL-NESS, ?;. State of being excusable or pardonable. 

VE-Nl'RE Fa'CI-AS, or VE-Nl'RE, n. In laio, a writ or 
precept directed to the sheriff, requiring him to summon 
twelve men, to try an issue between parties. 

*VEN'I-SON, (ven'e-zn, or ven'zn) n. [Fr. venaison ; L. 
venado.] The flesh of beasts of game, or of such wild 
animals as are taken in the chase. It is, however, in the 
United States, applied exclusively to the flesh of the deer. 

VEN'OM, /(. [Fr. veniji ; It. veneno ; L,. ve7ie7ium.] 1. Poi- 
son ; matter fatal or injurious to life. — Venom is generally 
used to express noxious matter that is applied externally, 
or that is discharged from animals, as chat of bites and 
stings of serpents, scorpions, &c. ; and poison, to express 
substances taken into the stomach. 2. Spite ; malice. 

VEN'OM, v. t. To poison ; to infect with venom. 

VEN'OM-OUS, a. 1. Poisonous ; noxious to animal life. 
2. Noxious ; mischievous ; malignant. 3. Spiteful. 

VEN'OM-OUS-LY, adv. Poisonously ; malignantly. 

VEN'OM-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Poisonousness ; noxiousness to 
animal life. 2. Malignity ; spitefulness. 

VE'iVOQS, a. [L. venosus.] 1. Pertaining to a vein or 
to veins ; contained in veins. — 2. In botany, veined. 

VENT, n. [Fr. vente ; Sp. venta.] 1. A sniall aperture ; a 
hole or passage for air or other fluid to escape. 2. The 
opening in a cannon or other piece of artillery, by which 
fire is communicated to the charge. 3. Passage from se- 
crecy to notice ; publication. 4. The act of opening. 5. 
Emission ; passage ; escape from confinement. 6. Dis- 
charge ; utterance ; means of discharge. 7. Sale. 8. 
Opportunity to sell ; demand. 9. An inn ; a baiting- 
p.'-»ce ; [obs.]— To give vent to, to suffer to escape ; to let 
oul, to pour forth. 

VENT, u/«. 1. To let out at a small aperture. 2. To let 
out ; to suffer to escape from confinement ; to utter ; to 
pour forth. 3. To utter ; to report ; [obs.] 4. To pub- 



lish jjo&s.] 5. To sell ; [obs.] 
t VEx^T, v. i. To snuff. Spp^iser. 



i VENT'AGE, n. A small hole. Shak. 

VENT' AIL, n. [Fr.] Tliat part of a helmet made to be 

lifted up ; the part intended foi fhe admission of air, or 

for breathing. 
VEN-TAN'NA, n. [^'p. ventana.] A window. \MotEng- 
VEN-TAN''A, lish.] Dryden. ^ ^ 

VENT'ER, n. One who utters, reports or publishes. 
VEN'TElt, 71. [L.] 1. In anatomy, the abdomen, or lower 

belly. Parr. 2. The womb ; and hence, mother. 3. The 

belly of a muscle. 
VEN'TI-DU€T, 71. [L. ventus and ductus : It. ventidotti.] 

In building, a passage for wind or air ; a subterraneous 

passage or spiracle for ventilating apartments. 
VEN'Tl-LATE, v. t. [L. ventilo ; Fr. ventilcr.] 1. To fan 

with wind ; to open and expose to the free passage of air 

or wind. 2. To cause the air to pass through. 3. To 

winnow ; to fan. 4. To examine ; to discuss ; that is, to 

agitate ; [obs.] 
VEN'TI-LA-TED, pp. Exposed to the action of the air ; 

fanned ; winnowed ; discussed. 
VEN TI-LA-TING, ?j/)r. Exposing to the action of wind ; 

fanning ; discussing. 
VEN-TI-La'TION, 71. [Fr. ; L. vevtHatio.] 1. The act of 

ventilating ; the act of exposing to the free passage of air. 

2. The act of fanning or Vi^iunowing, for the purpose of 

separating chaff and dust. 3. Vent; utterance; [obs.] 4. 

Refrigeration ; [,ibs.] 
VEN'TI-LA-TOR, n. An instrument or machine for expel- 



ling foul or stagnant air from any close place or apart- 
ment, and introducing that which is fresh and pure. 

VEN-TOS'I-TY, n. [Fr. ventosite ; from L. ventosus.] Wind- 
iness ; flatulence. Bacon. 

VEN'TRAL, a. [L. venter.] Belonging to the belly. 

VEN'TRI-€LE, n. [L. ventriculus.] In a general sense, u 
small cavity in an animal body. 

VEN'TRI-eOUS, a. [L. ventricosus.] In botany, bellied • 
distended ; swelling out in the middle. 

VEN-TRI€'U-LOUS, a. Somewhat distended in the middle. 

VEN-TRIL'O-aUISM, or VEN-TRIL'O-aUY, n. [L. ven- 
ter and loquor.] The act of speaking in such a manner 
that the voice appears to come, not from the person, but 
from some distant place. 

VEN-TRIL'0-aUIST, n. One who speaks in such a man- 
ner that his voice appears to come from some distant 
place. 

VEN-TRIL'O-aUOUS, a. Speaking in such a manner as to 
make the sound appear to come from a place remote from 
the speaker. 

VENT'URE, n. [Fr. aventure ; It., Sp. ventura.] 1. A haz- 
ard ; an undertaking of chance or danger ; the risking of 
something upon an event whiclr cannot be foreseen with 
tolerable certainty. 2. Chance ; hap ; contingency ; luck ; 
an event that is not or cannot be foreseen. 3. The thing 
put to liazard ; particularly, something sent to sea in 
trade. — 4t a venture, at hazard ; without seeing the end 
or mark. 

VENT'URE, V. i. 1. To dare ; to have courage or presump- 
tion to do, undertake or say. 2. To run a hazard or 
risk. — To venture at, or to venture on or upon, to dare to 
engage in ; to attempt without any certainty of success. 

VENT'URE, V. t. 1. To expose ; to hazard ; to risk. 2. 
To put or send on a venture or chance. 

VENT'URED, pp. Put to the hazard ; risked. 

VENT'UR-ER, n. One who ventures or puts to hazards. 

VENTURE-SOME, a. Bold ; daring ; intrepid. 

VENT'URE-S6ME-LY, adc. In a bold, daring manner. 

VENT'UR-ING, ppr. Putting to hazard ; daring. 

VENT'UR-ING, n. The act of putting to risk ; a hazarding 

VENT'UR-OUS, a. Daring ; bold ; hardy ; fearless ; intrep- 
id ; adventurous. Milton. 

VENT'UR-OUS-LY, adv. Daringly ; fearlessly ; boldly. 

VENT'UR-OUS-NESS, n. Boldness ; hardiness ; fearless- 
ness; intrepidity. 

VEN'UE, or VISNE, 71. [l^.vicinia; Norm, wsree.] Inlaw, 
a neighborhood or near place ; the place where an action 
is laid. 

VEN'UE, 7). A thrust. See Venzy. 

VEN'U-LITE, r.. A petrified shell of the genus Venus. 

Ve'NUS, n. [L.] 1. In mythology, the goddess of beauty 
and love ; that is, beauty or love deified. — 2. In astrono- 
my, one of the inferior planets, whose orbit is between the 
earth and Mercury ; a star of briUiant splendor. — 3. In the 
old chemistry, a name given to copper. 

Ve'NUS'S CoMB, 71. A plant of the genus scaTte^ir. 

Ve'NUS'S LOOKING-GLASS, n. A plant of the genua 
campanula. 

Vi?'NUS'S Na'VEL-WoRT, n. A plant. 

t VE-NUST', a. [L. venustus.] Beautiful. 

VE-Ra'CIOUS, a. [L. verax.] 1. Observant of truth ; ha 
bitually disposed to speak truth. 2. True ; [little used.] 

VE-RAC'I-TY, 7!. [It.veracitd.] 1. Habitual observance of 
truth, or habitual truth.— rruf/t is applicable to men and 
to facts ; veracity to men only, or to sentient beings. 2. 
Invariable expression of truth. 

VE-RAN'DA, n. An oriental Word denoting a kind of open 
portico, formed by extending a sloping roof beyond the 
main building. 

VE-Ra'TRI-A, n. [L. veratrum.] A vegetable alkali, ex- 
tracted from the white hellebore. Ure. 

VERB, n. [L. verhum ; Fr. vcrbe ; Sp., It. verba ; Jr. fearb.] 
I. In grammar, a part of speech that expresses action, 
motion, being, suffering, or a request or command to do or 
forbear any thing. 2. A word. South. 

VERB'AL, a. [Fr. ; L. verbalis.] 1. Spoken ; expressed to 
the ear in words ; not written. 2. Oral ; uttered by the 
mouth. 3. Consisting in mere words. 4. Respecting 
words only. 5. Minutely exact in words, or attending to 
words only. 6. Literal ; having word answering to word 
— 7. In grammar, derived from a verb. 8. Verbose j 
abounding with words ; [obs.] SItak. 

VER-BAL'I-TY, n. Mere words ; bare literal expressions. 

VERB'AL-IZE, v. t. To convert into a verb. 

VERB'AL-LY, ad?;. L In words spoken; by words ut 
tered ; orally. 2. Word for word. Dryden. 

VER-Ba'TIM, adv. [L.] Word for word ; in the same 
words. 

t VERB'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. verbero.] To beat ; to strike. 

VERB-ER-a'TION, 7t. 1. A beating or striking ; blows. 2 
The impulse of a body, which causes sound. Cyc. 

VERB'1-AOE, 71. [Fr.] Verbosity ; use of many words 
without necessity ; superabundance of words. 

VER-BoSE', a. [L. verbosus.] Abounding in words ; using 



* See Synoyds A, E, I, O, O, ^, Zo«o.— FAR, F4LL, WHAT ;— PREY 5— PIN MARINE, BiRD ;— j Obsolett 



VER 



903 



VEl^ 



or containing more words than are necessary ; prolix ; te- 
dious by a multiplicity of words. 

V£R-BOS'I-TY, or VER-BoSE'NESS, n. 1. Employment 
of a superabundance of words ; the use of more words 
than are necessary. 2. Superabundance of words ; pro- 
lixity. 

VER'DAN-CY, n. Greenness. ^Torris 

VER'D ANT, a. [Fr. verdoyant ; L. viridans ] 1 Green ; fresh ; 
covered with growing plants or grass. 2. Flourishing. 

VER'DER-ER, 1 n. [Fr. verdier ; Low L. viridarius.] An 

VER DER-OR, \ officer in England, who has the charge 
of the king's forest. 

VER'D I€T, 71. [L. verum dictum.] 1. The answer of a jury 
given to the court concerning any matter of fact in any 
cause, civil or criminal, committed to their trikl and ex- 
amination. 2. Decision ; judgment ; opinion pronounced. 

VER'DI-GRIS, n. [Fr. verd and gris.] Rust of copper, or an 
acetate of copper, formed by the combination of an acid 
with copper. Ure. 

VER'DI-T£R,n. [Fr. verde-terre.] A preparation of copper 
sometimes used by painters, &c. for a blue, but more gen- 
erally mixed with a yellow for a green color. 

t VER'DI-TURE, n. The faintest and palest green. 

VERD'URE, n. [Fr. : L. vireo.] Green j greenness ; fresh- 
ness of vegetation. 

VERD'UR-OUS, a. Covered with green ; clothed with the 
fresh color of vegetables. Philips. 

VER'E-€(JND, a. [L. verecundus.] Bashful ; modest. [A''ot 
much iised.] Wotton. 

VER-E-€UND'I-TY; n. Bashfulness; modesty; blushing. 
\_J^ot in much use.'] 

VERGE, (verj) n. [Fr. ; It. verga ; L. virga.] 1. A rod, or 
something in the form of a rod or staff, carried as an em- 
blem of authority ; the mace of a dean. 2. The stick or 
wand with which persons are admitted tenants, by hold- 
ing it in the hand, and swearing fealty to the lord. — 3. In 
law, the compass or extent of the king's court, within 
whicli is bounded the jurisdiction of the lord steward of 
the king's household. 4. The extren^e side or end of any 
thing which has some extent of length ; the brink ; edge ; 
border ; margin. — 5. Among gardeners, the edge or out- 
side of a border. 6. A part of a time-piece. 

VERGE, V. i. iL.xergo.] I. To tend downwards ; to bend ; 
to slope. 2. To tend ; to incline ; to approach. 

VERG'ER, n, 1. He that carries the mace before the bishop, 
dean, &,c. 2. An officer who carries a white wand before 
the justices of either bench in England. 

sT'ERG'ING, ppr. Bending or inclining ; tending. 

VER'GOU-LEUSE, n. A species of pear ; contracted to 
ve7^galoo. 

t VE-RID'I-€AL, a. [L. veridicus.] Telling truth. 

VER'I-FI-A-BLE, a. That may be verified ; 'that maybe 
proved or confirmed by incontestable evidence. 

VER-I-FI-Ca'TION, 71. [Fr.] The act of verifying or prov- 
ing to be true. 

VER'I-FlED, pp. Proved ; confirmed by competent evi- 
dence. 

VER'I-Fi-ER, 71. One that proves or makes appear to be true. 

VER'I-FY, v. t. [Fr. verifier.] 1. To prove to be true ; to 
confirm. 2. To fulfill, as a promise ; to confirm the truth 
of a prediction ; to show to be true. 3. To confirm or 
establish the authenticity of any thing by examination or 
competent evidence. 

VER'I-FY-ING, ppr. Proving to be true ; confirming ; 
establishing as authentic. 

VER'I-IiY, adv. 1. In truth ; in fact ; certainly. 2. Really ; 
truly ; with great confidence. 

VER-I-SIM'I-LAR, a. [L. verisimilis.] Having the appear- 
ance of truth; probable; likely. White. 

VER-I-SI-MIL'I-TUDE, 71. [L.verisimiUtudo.] The appear- 
ance of truth ; probability ; likelihood. Olanville. 

t VER-I-SI-MIL'I-TY, for verisimilitude. 

VERI-TA-BLE, a. [Fr.] True; agreeable to fact. [Little 
used.] Shak. 

t VER'I-TA-BLY, adv. In a true manner. 

VER'I-TY, 71. [Fr. verite; 1.. Veritas.] 1. Truth; conso- 
nance of a statement, proposition or other thing to fact. 
2. A true assertion or tenet. 3. Moral truth ; agreement 
of the words with the thoughts. 

VER'JtflCE, n. [Fr. verjus.] A liquor expressed from wild 
apples, sour grapes, &c., used in sauces, ragouts and the 
like. 

VER'MEIL. See Vermilion. 

VER-ME-OL'O-GIST, n. One who treats of vermes. 

VER-ME-OL'0-GY, n. [L. vermes, and Gr. 'Koyog.] A dis- 
course or treatise on vermes, or that part of natural history 
whichjreats of vermes. [Little used.] 

VER'MkS, 71. Worms ; a class of animals which, in the 
Linnean system, are separated from the insects. 

*VER-MI-CEL'LI, (ver-me-sel'ly, or ver-me-chel'ly) n. 
[It. vermicello ; L. vermiculus,] In cookery, little rolls or 
threads of paste, or a composition of flour, eggs, sugar and 
saffron ; used in soups and pottages. 



VER-MI€'U-LAR, a. [L. vermicuhis \ Pertaining to a 
worm ; resembling a worm ; particularly, resembling the 
motion of a worm. 

VER-MI€'U-IiATE, v. t. [L. vermiculatus.] To inlay ; to 
form work by inlaying, resembling the motion or the 
tracks of worms. 

VER-MI€'U-LA-TED, pp. Formed in the likeness of the 
motion of a wormw 

VER-MIC'U-LA-TING, ppr Forming so as to resemble the 
motion of a worm. 

VER-MI€-U-La'TION, n. 1. The actor operation of moving 
in the form of a worm 2. The act of forming so as to re- 
semble the motion of a worm. 

VERM'1-GULE. n. [L. vermiculus.] A little worm or grub. 

VER-Mie^U-LdUS, tt. [L.vermiculosus.] 1. Full of worms 
or grubs. 2. Resembling worms. 

VERM'I-FORM, a. [L. vermis and forma.] Having the 
form or shape of a worm. 

VERM'I-FUGE, n. [L. vermis and fugo.] A medicine or 
substance that destroys or expels worms from animal 
bodies ; an anthelmintic. 

VER'MIL, \n. [Fr. vermeil, vermilion j 

VER-MIIVION, (ver-mil'yun) S It. vermiglione.] 1. The 
cochineal, a small insect found on a particular plant ; [im- 
p7-nper or obsolete.] 2. Red sulphuret of mercury ; a 
bright, beautiful red color of two sorts, natural and artifi- 
cial. 3. Any beautiful red color. 

VER-MIL'ION, (ver-mil'yun) v. t. To dye red ; to covei 
with a delicate red. 

VER-MIL'IONED, pp. or a. Dyed or tinged with a bright 
red. 

VERM'IN, n. sing, and plu. ; used chiefly in the plural. 
[Fr., It. verniine.] 1. All sorts of small animals which are 
destructive to grain or other produce ; all noxious little 
animals or insects, as squirrels, rats, mice, worms, grubs, 
flies, &:c. 2. Used of noxious human beings in contempt. 

VERM'IN-ATE, v. i. [L. vermino.] To breed vermin. 

VERM-IN-A'TION, n. 1. The breeding of vermin. Derham 
2. A griping of the bowels. 

VERM'IN-LY, a. Like vermin ; of the nature of vermin. 
Oauden. 

VERM'IN-OUS, a. Tending to breed vermin. Harvey. 

VER-MIP'A-ROUS, a. [Tu. vermes and paiio.] Producing 
worms. Brown. 

VER-MIV'OR-OUS, a. [L. vermes and voro.] Devouring 
worms ; feeding on worms. 

VER-NA€'U-LAR, a. [l^.vernaculus.] 1. Native; belong- 
ing to the country of one's birth. 2. Native ; belonging 
to the person by birth or nature. Milner. 

t VER-NAe'U-LOUS, a. Vernacular ; also, scoffing. Spen- 

VER'NAL, rt. [L. vernalis.] 1. Belonging to the spring ; 

appearing in spring. 2. Belonging to youth, the spring 

of life. . 
VER'NANT, a. [L. vernans.] Flourishing, as in spring , 

as, vernant flowers. Milton. 
t VER'NATE, V. i. To become young again. 
VER-Na'TION, n. [L. vemo.] In botany, the disposition of 

the nascent leaves within the bud. Martyn. 
VER'NIER, n. [from the inventor.] A graduated index 

which subdivides the smallest divisions on a straight or 

j VER-NIL'I-TY, n. [L. vernilis.] Servility ; fawning be- 
havior, like that of a slave. Bailey. 

VE-RON'I-eA, n. [vera-icon\] 1. A portrait or representa- 
tion of the face of our Savior on handkerchiefs.— 2. In 
botany, a genus of plants, speedwell. 

VER'RU-€OUS, a. [L. verruca, verrucosus.] Warty ; hav- 
ing little knobs or warts on the surface. 

t VERS-A-BIL'I-TY, or j VERS'A-BLE-NESS, n. [L. ver- 
sabilis.] Aptness to be turned round. Diet. 

f VERS'A-BLE, -a. That may be turned. 

VER'SAL, for universal. [JV'ot used, or very vulgar.] 

VERS'A-TlLE, a. [L. versatilis.] 1. That may be turned 
round. 2. Liable to be turned in opinion ; changeable ; 
variable ; unsteady. 3. Turning with ease from one thing 
to another ; readily applied to a new task, or to various 
subjects. — 4. In botany, a versatile anther is one fixed by 
the middle on the point of the filament, and so poised as 
to turn like the needle of a compass ; fixed by its side, but 
freely movable. 

VERS-A-TIL'I-TY, n. 1. The quality of being versatile ; 
aptness to change ; readiness to be turned ; variableness 
2. The faculty of easily turning one's mind to new tasks 
or subjects. 

VERSE, (vers) n. [L. versus ; Fr. vers.] 1. In poetry, a 
line, consisting of a certain number of long and short syl- 
lables, disposed according to the rules of the species of 
poetry which the author intends to compose. 2. Poetry ; 
metrical language. 3. A short division of any composi- 
tion, particularly of the chapters in the Scriptures. 4. A 
piece of poetiy. 5. A portion of an anthem to be perform- 
ed by a single voice to each part. 6. In a song or ballad, 
a stanza is called a verse. 



See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolett 



VES 



904 



VET 



n. [L. vertehra.\ A joint of the spine or 
back-bone of an animal. 



VERSE, V. t. To tell in verse ; to relate poetically.— To 
be versed, [L. versor,] to be well skilled ; to be acquaint- 
ed with. 

VERSE'-MAN, n. [verse anA man.] A writer of verses j iw 
ludicrous language. Prior. 

VERS'ER, n. A maker of verses ; a versifier. B. Jonson. 

t VERS'I-€LE, 71. [L. versiculus.] A little verse. 

VERS'I-€6L-0R, ) a. [L. versicolor.] Having various 

VERS'I-eoL-ORED, J colors ; changeable in color. 

VER-SI€'U-LAR, a. Pertaining to verses j designating dis- 
tinct divisions of a writing. 

VER-SI-FI-€a'TION, n. [Fr. from versifier.] The act, art 
or practice of composing poetic verse. 

VERS'I-FI-€a-TOR, n. A versifier. [Little used.] 

VERST-FIED, pp. Formed into verse. 

VERS'I-Fl-ER, n. 1. One who makes verses. 2. One who 
converts into verse ; or one who expresses the ideas of 
another^ written in prose. 

VERS'I-FY, v. i. To make verses. Dryden. 

"VERS'I-FY, v. t. 1. To relate or describe in verse. Daniel. 
2. To turn into verse. 

"VER'SION, n. [Fr. from L. vei-sio.] 1. A turning 5 a 
change or transformation ; [unusuali] 2. Change of di- 
rection ; [unusual.] 3. The act of translating ; the ren- 
dering of thoughts or ideas expressed in one language, 
into words of like signification in another language. 4. 
Translation; that which is rendered from another lan- 
guage. 

VERST, n. A Russian measure of length, containing 1166| 
yards, or 3500 feet ; about three quarters of an English 
mile. 

VERT, n. [Fr. verd; 1,. viridis.] 1. In the forest laws, 
every thing that grows and bears a green leaf within the 
forest. — 2. In heraldry, a green color. 

VERT'E-BRAL, a. 1. Pertaining to the joints of the spine 
or back-bone. 9. Having a back-bone or spinal joints, 

VERT'E-BRAL, n. An animal of the class which have a 
back-bone. 

VERT'E-BRA-TED, a. [L. vertebratus.] Having a back- 
bone, or vertebral column, containing the spinal marrow, 
as an animal. 

VERT'E-BRE, 

VERT'E-BER, 

VERT'E-BRA, 

VERT'EX, 71. [L.] 1. The crown or top of the head. 2. 
The top of a hill or other thing ; the point of a cone, pyra- 
mid, angle or figure ; the pole of a glass, in optics, — 3". In 
astronomy, the zenith ; the point of the heavens perpen- 
dicularlv over the head. 

VERT'I-€AL, a. [Fr. ; L. vertex.] L Placed or being in 
the zenith, or perpendicularly over the head. 2. Being in 
a position perpendicular to the plane of the horizon. 

VERT'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the zenith. 

VERT'I-€AL-NESS, n. The state of bemg in the zenith, 
or perpendicularly over the head. 

f VERT-I-€AL'I-TY, n. The state of being in the zenith. 
Brown. 

VERT'I-CIL, 71. [L. verticillus.] In botany, a little whirl ; 
a mode of inflorescence, in which the flowers surround 
the stem in a kind of ring. 

VER-TIC'IL-LATE, a. In botany, verticillate flowers are 
such as grow in a whirl, or round the stem in rings, one 
above another, at each joint. 

VER-TIC'I-TY, n. [fromveHex.] 1. The power of turn- 
ing ; revolution ; rotation. 2. That property of the load- 
stone by which it turns to some particular point. 

VER-TI6'IN-0US, a. [L. vertiginosus.] 1. Turning 
round ; whirling ; rotary. 2. Giddy ; affected with ver- 
tigo. 

VER-Tl6'IN-OUS-NESS, n. Giddiness; a whirling, or 
sense of whirling ; unsteadiness. Taylor. 

* VERT'I-GO, 71. [L.] Giddiness ; dizziness or swimming of 
the head ; an affection of the heE^d, in which objects ap- 
pear to move in various directions. 

VER'VAIN, 7i. A plant of the genus verbena. 

VER'VAIN-MAL'LoW, n. A species of mallow. 

VER'VELS, 71. [Fr. vervelle.] Labels tied to a hawk. 

VER'Y, a. [Fr. vrai ,• L. verus.] True ; real. 

VER'Y, adv. As an adverb, or modifier of adjectives and 
adverbs, very denotes in a great degree, an eminent or 
high degree, but not generally the highest ; as, a very 
cold' day. 

VES'I-€ANT, n. A blistering application ; an epispastic. 
Bi(TelotP. 

VES'I-€ATE, v.t [h. vesica.] To blister; to raise little 
bladders, or separate the cuticle by inflaming the skin. 

VES'l-OA-TED, pp. Blistered. 

VES'I-€A-TING, ppr. Blistering. 

VES-I-€a'TION, 71. The process of raising blisters or little 
cuticular bladders on the skin. 

VES'I-€A-TO-RY, n. [Fr. vp.-inatoire.] A blistering appli- 
cation or plaster ; an epispastic. 

VES [-€LE, 71. [L. vesicula.] 1. A little bladder, or a por- 
tion of the cuticle separated from the skin and filled with 



some humor. 9. Any small membranous cavity in anl 
mals or vegetables. 

VE-SI€'U-LAR, or VE-SIG'U-LOUS, a. 1. Peitaijiing tc 
vesicles ; consisting of vesicles. 2. Hollow ; full or inter 
slices. 3. Having little bladders or glands on the surface 
as the leaf of a plant. 

VE-SI€U-LATE, a. Bladdery; full of bladders. 

VES'PER, n. [L.] 1. The evening star ; Venus; also, th 
evening. 2. Vespers, in the plural, the evening song or 
evening service in the Romish church. 

VES'PER-TINE, a. [L. vespertinus.] Pertaining to the 
evening ; happening or being in the evening. 

VES'SEL, 71. [It. vasello ; Fr. vaisseau ; Sp. vasija.] 1. A 
cask or utensil proper for holding liquors and other things. 
— 2. In anatomy, any tube or canal, in which the blood 
and other humors are contained, secreted or circulated, as 
the arteries. — 3. In the physiology of plants, a canal or 
tube of very small bore, in which the sap is contained and 
conveyed ; also, a bag or utricle, filled with pulp, and 
serving as a reservoir for sap ; also, a spiral canal, usually 
of a larger bore, for receiving and distributing air. 4. 
Any building used in navigation, which carries masts and 
sails, from the largest ship of war down to a fishing sloop. 
5. Something containing. 

t VES'SEL, v. t. To put into a vessel. Bacon. 

VES'SETS, n. A kind of cloth. Qiu. 

VES'SI-€ON, I n. [L. vesica.] A soft swelling on a horse s 

VES'SI-GON, \ leg, called a windgall. 

VEST, n. [Fr.veste; It. vesta; J^.vestis.] 1. An outer 
garment. — 2. In common speech, a man's under garment, 
called, also, waistcoat. 

VEST, V. t. 1. To clothe ; to cover, surround or encompass 
closely 2. To dress ; to clothe with a long garment. — 
To vest with, to clothe ; to furnish with ; to invest with. — 
To vest in. 1. To put in possession of; to furnish with 3 
to clothe with. 2. To clothe with another form ; to con- 
vert into another substance or species of property. 

VEST, v. i. To come or descend to ; to be fixed ; to take 
effect, as a title or right. 

VEST'AL, a. [L. vestalis.] 1. Pertaining to Vesta, the 
goddess of fire among the Romans, and a virgin. 2. 
Pure ; chaste. 

VEST'AL, n. A virgin consecrated to Vesta, and to the 
service of watching the sacred fire. 

VEST'ED, pp. 1. Clothed ; covered ; closely encompassed. 

2. a. Fixed ; not in a state of contingency or suspen- 
sion. 

n^ES'TI-BULE, 71. [Fr. ; L. vcstibulum.] 1. The porch or 
entrance into a house, or a large open space before the 
door, but covered. 2. A little antechamber before the 
entrance of an ordinary apartment. 3. An apartment in 
large buildings, which presents itself into a hall or suit of 
rooms or offices. — 1. In anatomy, a cavity belonging to 
the labyrinth of the ear. 

VES'TIgE, n. TFr. ; L. vestigium.] A track or footstep ; 
the maik of the foot left on the earth ; but mostly used for 
the mark or remains of something else. 

VEST'ING, ppr. Clothing ; covering ; closely encompass- 
ing ; descending to and becoming permanent, as a right 
or title ; converting into other species of property, as 
money. 

VEST'ING, V. Cloth for vests ; vest patterns. U. States. 

VEST'MENT, n. [L. vestimentum ; Fr. vetement.] A gar- 
ment ; some part of clothing or dress ; especially some 
part of outer clothing ; but it is not restricted to any par- 
ticular garment. 

VEST'RY, -n. [L. vestiarium : Fr. vestiaire.] 1. A room 
appendant to a church, in which the sacerdotal vestments 
and sacred utensils are kept, and where parochial meet- 
ings are held. 2. A parochial assembly, so called because 
held in a vestry. Clarendon. 

VESl'RY-CLERK, n. An ofiicer chosen by the vestry, 
who keeps the parish accounts and books. 

A''EST'RY-MAN, 7). In London, vestry-men are a select 
number of principal persons of every parish, who choose 
parish officers and take care of its concerns. 

VEST'URE, n. [Fr. veture.] 1. A garment; a robe. 2 
Dress ; garments in general ; habit ; clothing ; vestment. 

3. Clothing ; covering. — 4. In old law books, the corn with 
which land was covered. — 5. In old books, seisin ; pos- 
session ; [obs.] 

VE-Su'VI-AN, a. Pertaining to the volcano Vesuvius. 
VE-Su'VI-AN, n. In mineralogy, a subspecies of pyramid- 

ical garnet, a mineral found in the vicinity of Vesuvius. 
VETCH, 71. [Fr. vesce ; It. veccia ; L. vicia.] A plant of 

the leguminous kind, with papilionaceous flowers, of the 

genus vicia. 
VETCH'LING, n. [from vetch.] In botany, a name of the 

lathyrus aphaca, expressive of its diminutive size. 
VETCH'Y, (7. 1. Consisting of vetches or of pea straw. 

Spenser. 2. Abounding with vetches. 
VET'ER-AN, a. [L. veteranus.] Having been long exer 

cised in any thing ; long practiced or experienced. 
VET'ER-AN, 71. One who has been long exercised in any 



* See Synopsis. A. is, I, O, tj, T, 



Zt'ft-r. 



-FAR, FALL, VITHAT ;— PREY j— PIN, MARINE, BIRD j— f Obsolete. 



VIC 



905 



VIC 



service or art, particularly in war ; one who lias grown 
old in service, and has had much experience. 

VET-ER-IN-A'RI-AN, n. [L. veterinarius.] One skilled in 
the diseases of cattle or domestic animals. Broion. 

V£T'ER-I-NA-RY, a. Pertaining to the art of healing or 
treating the diseases of domestic animals, as oxen, horses, 
sheep, &C.C. 

Ve'TO, 71. [L. •yeto, I forbid.] A forbidding; prohibition; 
or the right of forbidding ; applied to the right of a king or 
other magistrate or officer to withhold his assent to the en- 
actment of a law. 

f VE-TUST', a. [L. vetustus.] Old ; ancient. Cockeram. 

VEX, V t. [L. vexo ; Fr. vexer ; It. vessare ; Sp. vexar,] 
1. To irritate; to make angry by little provocations, 2. 
To plague ; to torment ; to harass ; to afflict. 3. To dis- 
turb ; to disquiet ; to agitate. 4. To trouble ; to distress. 
5. To persecute, ^cts xii. 6. To stretch, as by hooks ; 
[obs.] 

VEX, V. i. To fret ; to be teased or irritated. Chapman. 

VEX-A'TXON, 71. [Fr. from L. TjesatJo.] 1. The act of irri- 
tating, or of troubling, disquieting and harassing. 2. 
State of being irritated or disturbed in mind. 3. Disquiet ; 
agitation; great uneasiness. Temple. 4. The cause of 
trouble or disquiet. 5. Afflictions ; great troubles ; severe 
judgments. 6. A harassing by law. 7 A slight, teasing 
trouble. 

VEX-A'TIOUS, a. 1. Irritating ; disturbing or agitating to 
the mind ; causing disquiet ; afflictive. 2. Distressing ; 
harassing. 3. Full of trouble and disquiet. 4. Teasing ; 
slightly troublesome ; provoking. 

VEX-A'TIOUS-L,Y, adv. In a manner to give great trouble. 

VEX-A'TIOUS-NESS, 71. The quality of giving great 
trouble and disquiet, or of teasing and provoking. 

VEXED, pp. Teased ; provoked ; irritated ; troubled ; agi- 
tated ; disquieted ; afflicted. 

VEX'ER, 71. One who vexes, irritates or troubles. 

VEX'IL, 7?. \lj. vezillum.} A flag or standard. In hotany, 
the upper petal of a papilionaceous flower. 

V£X'IL-LA-RY, n. A standard bearer. 

VEX'IL-LA-RY, a. Pertaining to an ensign or standard. 

VEX-IL-La'TION, 71. [L. vex^illatio.] A company of troops 
under one ensign. 

VEX'ING, ppr. Provoking; irritating; afflicting. 

VEX'ING-LY, adv. So as to vex, tease or irritate. Tatler. 

VI'AGE. See Voyage. 

VI' AL, n. [Fr. violc ; Gr. i^iaAj? y L. phiala.] A phial ; a 
small bottle of thin glass, used particular. > by apotheca- 
ries and druggists. 

Vi'AL, V. t. To put in a vial. Milton. 

VlAND, 71. [Ft.viande; It. vivavda.] Meat dressed ; food. 
Pope. 

\ Vi'A-RY, a. [L. viarius.] Kappening in the way, or on 
the roads. Feltham. 

Vl-AT'ie, a. [L. viaticum.] Pertaining to a journey or to 
traveling. 

Vl-AT'I-eUM, 71. [L.] 1. Provisions for a journey.— 2. 
Among the ancient Romans, an allowance to officers who 
were sent into the provinces to exercise any office or per- 
form any service, also to the officers and soldiers of the 
army. — 3. In the Romish church, the communion or eu- 
charist given to i)ersons in their last moments. 

Vl'BRANT, or VIB'RI-ON, n. [L. vibrans.] A name given 
to the ichneumon fly, from the continual vibration of its 
antennae. 

Vl'BRATE, V. i. [L. vibro ; It. vibrare.] 1. To swing ; to 
oscillate ; to move one way and the other ; to play to and 
fro. 2. To quiver. 3. To pass from one state to an- 
other. 

Vl'BRATE, V. t. 1. To brandish ; to move to and fro ; to 
swing. 2. To cause to quiver. 

VI'BRA-TED, pp. Brandished ; moved one way and the 
other. 

Vl-BRA-TIL'I-TY, n. Disposition to preternatural vibra- 
tion or motion. \J^ot much used.] Rush. 

VI'BRA-TING, ppr. Brandishing; moving to and fro, as a 
pendulum or musical chord. 

VT-BRA'TION, 71. [Fr. ; Ju. vibro.] 1. The act of brand- 
ishing ; the act of moving or state of being moved one 
way and the other in quick succession. — 2. In mechanics, 
a regular reciprocal motion of a body suspended ; amo- 
tion consisting of continual reciprocations or returns, as 
of the pendulum of a chronometer. — 3. In physics, alter- 
nate or reciprocal motion ; as, the vibrations of the nervous 
fluid.— 4. In music, the motion of a chord, or tlie undula- 
tion of any body, by which sound is produced. 

VT-BRATT-UN-CLE, n. A small vibration. Chambers. 

Vr'BRA-TiVE, a. That vibrates. J^eivton. 

VIBRA-TO-RY, a. 1. Vibrating; consisting in vibration 
or oscillation. 2. Causing to vibrate. 

Vl€'AR, n. \Fx.vicaire ; \t. vicar io ; Ij. vicar ius.] ]. Ina 
general sense, a person deputed or authorized to perform 
the functions of another; a substitute in office. — 2. In the 
canon lore, the priest of a parish, the predial tithes of 
which are impropriated or appropriated. 



VI€'AR-ACE, 71. The benefice of a vicar. A vicarage by 
endowment becomes a benefice distinct from the par- 
sonage. 

VIC'AR-GEN'ER-AL, n. A title given by Henry Vni to 
the earl of Essex, with power to oversee all the clergy. 
It is now the title of an office, which is united in the 
chanceflor of the diocese. 

VI-€a^RI-AL, a. [from vicar.] Pertaining to a vicij- 
small. 

Vi-€a'RI-ATE, a. Having delegated power, as a vicar 
Barrow. 

Vi.-€a'R1-ATE, n. A delegated office or power. LordJ^orth. 

Vi-€a'RI-OUS, u, [L. Vic anus.] 1. Deputed ; delegated 
2. Acting for another; filling the place of another. 3 
Substituted in the place of another ; as, a vicarious sac- 
rifice. 

VI-eA'RI-OUS-LY, adv. In the place of another ; by sub- 
stitution. Burke. 

VI€'AR-SHIP, n. The office of a vicar ; the ministry of a 
vicar. 

VICE, 71. [Fr. vice ; It. vizio ; Sp. vicio ; L. vitium.] 1. 
Properly, a spot or defect ; a fault ; a blemish. — 2. In 
ethics, any voluntary action or course of conduct which 
deviates from the rules of moral rectitude. Vice differs 
from crime, in being less enormous. 3. Depravity or cor- 
ruption of manners. 4. A fault or bad trick in a horse 
5. The fool or punchinello of old shows. 6. An iron 
press. [This should be written vise.] 7. A gripe or 
grasp ; [obs.] Shak. 

t VICE, V. t. To draw by a kind of violence. [See Vise.] 
Shak. 

VICE [L. vice, in the turn or place] is used in composition 
to denote one gui vicem gerit, who acts in the place of 
another, or is second in authority. 

VICE-AD'MI-RAL, n. 1. In the navy, the second officer in 
command. — 2. A civil office/ in Great Britain, appointed 
by the lords commissioners of the admiralty, for exer 
cising admiralty jurisdiction within their respective dis- 
tricts. 

VICE-AB'MI-RAL-TY, 71. The office of a vice-admiralty j 
a vice-admiralty court. 

VICE-a'GEjVT, n. [vice and agent.] One who acts in the 
place of another. Hooker 

VICE-CHaM'BER-LAIN, n. An officer in court, next in 
command to the lord chamberlain. England. 

VICE-CHAN'CEL-OR, n. An officer in a university in 
England, a distinguished member, who is annually elect- 
ed to manage the aff'airs in the absence of the chancelor 
Cyc. 

VICE-€ON'SUL, 7i. One who acts in the place of a consul 

t ViCED, a. Vitious ; corrupt. Shak. 

VICE'- Doge, n. a counselor at Venice, who represents 
tlie doge when sick or absent. Cyc. 

VICE-GE'REN-CY, 71. The office of a vicegerent ; agency 
under another ; deputed power ; lieutenancy. 

V1CE-GE''RENT, 71. [L. vicem gerens.] A lieutenant; a 
vicar ; an officer who is jieputed by a superior or by 
proper_authority to exercise the powers of another. 

ViCE-GE'Pi.ENT, a. Having or exercising delegated power; 
acting by substitution, or in the place of another. 

VICE-LEG'ATE, n. An officer employed by the pope. 

VIC'E-NA-RY, a. [L. vicenarius.] Belongmg to twenty. 

VICE-PRES'I-DENT, n. An officer next in rank below a 
president. United States. 

ViCE'ROY, n. [Fr. vicero^.] The governor of a kingdom or 
country, who rules in the name of the king with regal 
authority, as the king's s'jbstitute. 

VICE-ROY'AL-TY, n. The dignity, office or jurisdiction 
of a viceroy. 

ViCE'ROY-SHIP, 71. The dignity, office or jurisdiction of a 
viceroy. 

t Vl'CE-TY, 78. Nicety ; exactness. B. Jonson. 

VI''CIATE, v. t. [L. vitio. This verb is usually written 
vitiate] 1. To injure tlie substance or properties of a 
thing so as to impair its value, and lessen or destroy its 
use ; to make less pure, or wholly impure ; to deprave. 
2. To render defective, and thus destroy the validity of; 
to invalidate by defect. 

Vi"CIA-TED, pp. Depraved ; impaired in substance or 
quality ; rendered defective and void. 

Vl"CIA-TING, ppr. Injuring in substance or properties: 
rendering defective ; making void. 

Vi-CI-a'T[ON, n. Depravation ; corruption. 

VIC'IN-AGE, n. [from L. vicinia, vicinus.] Neighborhood ; 
the place or places adjoining or near. 

* VIC'I-NAL, ; a. Neai-; neighboring. [Little used.] Olan- 

*VIC'lNE, \ ville. 

VI-CIN'I-TY, n. [L. vicinitas.] 1. Nearness In place. 2 
Neighborhood. 3. Neighboring country. 

Vl-CI-OS'I-TY, 71. Depravity; corruption of manners. 

Vl''CIOUS, a. [Fr. vicieux ; L. vitiosus.] 1. Defective ; 
imperfect. 2. Addicted to vice ; corrupt in principles or 
conduct ; depraved ; wicked ; habitually transgressing 
the moral law. 3. Corrupt , contrary to moral principles 



■ See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJI.L, UNITE.— € as K ; as J ; i? as Z ; ClI as SIl ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



VIE 



906 



VIL 



or to rectitude. 4. Corrupt, in a physical serise ; foul ; 
impure ; insalubrious. 5. Corrupt ; not genuine or pure. 
6. Unruly ; refractory ; not well tamed or broken. Mew 
En ff land. 

Vi"CIOUS-LY, adv. 1. Corruptly ; in a manner contrary 
to rectitude, moral principles, propriety or purity, 2. 
Faultily ; not correctly. Burnet. 

VI"CIOUS-NESS, n. 1. Artdictedness to vice ; corruptness 
of moral principles or practice ; habitual violation of the 
moral law, or of moral duties ; depravity in principles or 
in manners. 2. Unruliness 3 refractoriness, as of a beast 
JVew England. 

VI-CIS'SI-TUDE, n. [L. vicissittido.] I. Regular change 
or succession of one thing to another. 2. Change ; revo- 
lution, as in human affairs. 

VI-CIS-SI-TU'DI-NA-RY, a. Changing in succession. 
Donne. 

Vl-€ON'TIEL, a. [vice-comitalia.] In old law looks, per- 
taining to the sheriff — Viconticl rents are certain rents 
for which the sheriff pays a rent to the king. — Vicontiel 
writs are such as are triable in the county or sheriff court. 
Cyc. 

Vl-€ON'TIELS, n. Things belonging to the sheriff; -par- 
ticularly, farms for which the sheriff pays rent to the 
king. 

Vl'COUNT, n. [vice-comes.'] 1. In law books, the sheriff. 
2. A degree of nobility next below a count or earl ; see 
Viscount. 

VICTIM, n. [h. victima ; Fr. victiync] 1. A living being 
sacrificed to some deity, or in the performance of a reli- 
gious rite ; usually, some beast slain in sacririce. 2. Some- 
tliing destroyed j something sacrificed in the pursuit of an 
object. 

t VIC'TI-MATE, V. t. To sacrifice. Bullokar. 

VICTOR, 71. [L.] 1. One who conquers in war; a van- 
quisher ; one who defeats an enemy in battle. Victor 
differs from conqueror. We apply conqueror to one who 
subdues countries, kingdoms or nations ; as, Alexander 
was the conqueror of Asia or India, or of many nations, or 
of the world. In such phrases, we cannot substitute vic- 
tor. But we use victor, when we speak of one who over- 
comes a particular enemy, or in a particular battle ; as, 
Cesar was victor at Pharsalia. 2. One who vanquishes 
another in private combat or contest. 3. One who wins, 
or gains the advantage. 4. Master ; lord ; [/. h.] 

VICTOR-ESS, n. A female who vanquishes. Spenser. 

VI€-To'RI-OUS, a. [Fr. victorieux.] 1. Having conquered 
' in battle or contest ; having overcome an enemy or an- 
tagonist ; conquering ; vanquishing. 2. That produces 
conquest. 3. Emblematic of conquest; indicating vic- 
tory. 

VI€-To'RI-OUS-LY, adv. Vv ith conquest ; with defeat of 
an enemy or antagonist ; triumphantly 

Vie-To'RI-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being victorious. 

VIC'TO-RY, 71. [Ij. victoria ; Fr. victoire.] 1. Conquest ; 
the defeat of ah enemy in battle, or of an antagonist in 
contest ; a gaining of the superiority in war or combat. 
2. The advantage or superiority gained over spiritual ene- 
mies, i Cor. XV. 

VICTRESS, 71. A female that conquers. Sliak. 

VICT'UAL. See Victuals. 

VICT'UAL, (vit'tl) V. t. 1. To supply with provisions for 
subsistence. 2. To store with provisions. 

VICT'UALED, (vit'tld) pp. Supplied with provisions. 

VICT'UAL-ER, (vit'tl-er) n. 1. One who furnishes provi- 
sions. 2. One who keeps a house of entertainment. 3. 
A provision-ship. 

ViCT'UAL-ING, (vit'tl-ing) ppr. Supplying with provi 
sions. 

VICT'UAL-ING-HOUSE, n. A house where provision is 
made for strangers to eat. 

VICT'UALS, (vit'tlz) n. [Fr. rictuailles ; It. vettovaglia ; 
Sp. vitualla.] Food for human beings, prepared for eating ; 
that which supports human life ; provisions ; meat ; sus- 
tenance. 

VI-DEL'I-CET, adu. [1,. for viaere licet.] To wit; namely. 
An abbreviation for this word is viz. 

\ VID'U-AL, a. [L. viduus.] Belonging to the state of a 
widow. 

t yr-DU'I-TY, 71. [L. vidititas.] Widowhood. 

VtE, v. i. [Sax. Tcigan.] To strive for superiority ; to con- 
tend ; to use effort in a race, contest, competition, rival- 
ship or strife. 

f ViE, v. t. 1. To show or practice in competition 2. To 
urge ; to press. 

VIELLEUR, n. A species of fly in Surinam. 

VIEW, (vu) v. t. [Fr. vue ; L. i iderc ; Russ. viju.] 1. To 
survey ; to examine with the eye ; to look on with atten- 
tion, or for the purpose of examining ; to inspect ; to ex- 
plore. View differs from look, see and behold, in express- 
ing more particular or continued attention to the thing 
which is the object of sight. 2. To see ; to perceive by 
the eye. 3. To survey intellectually ; to examine with 
the mental eye ; to consider. 



VIEW, (vu) n. 1. Prospect; sight; reach of the eye 9 
The whole extent seen. 3. Sight ; power of seeing, or 
limit of sight. 4. Intellectual or mental sight. 5. Act of 
seeing. 6. Sight ; eye. 7. Survey ; inspection ; exami 
nation by the eye. 8. Intellectual survey ; mental ex- 
amination. 9. Appearance ; show. 10. Display ; exhi- 
bition to the sight or mind. 11. Prospect of interest. 12. 
Intention ; purpose ; design. 13, Opinion ; manner of 
seeing or understanding. — Point of view, the direction in 
which a thing is seen. 

VIEWED, (vude) pp. Surveyed ; examined by the eye ; 
inspected ; considered. 

VIEWER, (vu'er) n. 1. One who views, surveys or ex- 
amines. — 2. In JVew England, a town officer whose duty 
is to inspect something ; as, a viewer offences. 

VIEWING, (vu'ing) ppr. Surveying; examining by the 
eye or by the mind ; inspectihg ; exploring. 

VIEW'IjNG, (vu'ing) n. The act of beholding or surveying. 

VIEWLESS, (vu'les) a. That cannot be seen; not being 
perceivable by the eye ; invisible. Pope. 

jVIEWLY, (vij'ly) a. Sightly; striking to the view. 

Vi-GES-I-Ma'T10N, 71. [L. vigesimus.] The act of putting 
to death every twentieth man. Bailey. 

VI6'IL, n. [h.vigiliaj Fx.vigile; 'L. vigil.] 1. Watch; 
devotion performed in the customary hours of rest or 
sleep. — 2. In church affairs, the eve or evening before any 
feast ; a religious service performed in the evening pre- 
ceding a holyday. 3. A fast observed on the day preced- 
ing a holyday ; a wake. 4. Watch ; forbearance of 
sleep. 

VIG'I-LANCE, 71. [Fr. ; L. vigilans.] 1. Forbearance of 
sleep; a state of being awake. 2. Watchfulness ; circum- 
spection ; attention of the mind in discovering and guard- 
ing agamst danger, or providing for safety. 3. Guard ; 
watch ; [uwiisual.] 

■f VlG'I-LAN-CY, for vigilance. 

VIG'I-LANT, a, [Fr. ; 1,. vigilans .] Watchful; circum- 
spect ; attentive to discover and avoid danger, or to pro- 
vide for safety. 

VIG I-LANT-LY, adu. Watchfully; with attention to dan- 
ger and the means of safety ; circumspectly. 

VIG-NETTE', ; (commonly pronounced vin'yet) n. [Fr. 

VIG-NET', \ vignette.] An ornament placed at the 
beginning of a book, preface or dedication ; a head-piece. 

VIGOR, n. [L.] 1. Active strength or force of body in 
animals ; physical force. 2. Strength of mind ; intellect- 
ual force ; energy. 3. Strength or force in vegetable mo- 
tion. 4. Strength ; energy ; efficacy. 

fVIG'OR, V.I. To invigorate. Feltham. 

VIG'OR-OUS, a. 1. Full of physical strength or active 
force; strong; lusty. 2. Powerfnl; strong; made by 
strength, either of body or mind. 

VIG'OK-OUS-LY, adv. With great physical force or 
strength ; forcibly ; with active exertions. 

VIG'OR-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being vigorous or 
possessed of active strength. 

t ViLD, or t ViLED, a. Vile. Spenser. 

VILE, a. [L. vilis ; Fr., Sp. vil ; It. vile.] 1. Base ; mean 
worthless; despicable. 2. Morally base or impure; sin- 
ful; depraved by sin ; wicked. 

f y iLED, a. Abusive ; scurrilous ; defamatory. 

ViLE'LY, ado. 1. Basely ; meanly : shamefully. 2. In a 
cowardly manner. 2 Sam. i. 

ViLE'NESS, n. 1. Baseness ; meanness ; despicableness. 
2. Moral baseness or depravity ; degradation by sin ; ex- 
treme wickedness. Prior. 

VIL'I-FlED, pp. Defamed ; traduced ; debased. 

VIL'I-FI-ER, n. One who defames or traduces. 

VIL'I-Fy, v.t. 1. To make vile; to debase ; to degrade 
2. To defame; to traduce; to attempt to degrade by 
slander. 

VIL'I-FY-ING, ppr. Debasing; defaming. 

t VIL'I-PEiVD, V. t. [L. vilipeudo.] To despise. 

t VIL-I-PEND'EN-CY, n. Disesteem ; slight. 

t VIL'I-TY, n. Vileness ; baseness. Kennet. 

VILL, n. [L. villa ; Fr. ville.] A village ; a small collection 
of houses. Hale. 

VIL'LA, 7i. [1a. villa ; Fr. ville.] A country-seat or a farm, 
furnished with a mansion and convenient out-houses. 

VIL'LAGE, 7!, [Fr. ; villa.] A small assemblage fef houses, 
less than a town or city, and inhabited chiefly by farmers 
and other laboring people. 

VIL'LA-GER, n. An inhabitant of a village. Milton. 

VIL'LA-GER-Y, n. A district of villages. Shak. 

VIL'LAIN, ) n. [Fr. vilain; It., Sp. villano.] 1. In feudal 

VIIVLAN, \ law, a villain or villein is one who holds 
lands by a base or servile tenure, or in villenage. 2. A 
vile, wicked person ; a man extremely depraved, and ca- 
pable or guilty of great crimes. 

VIL'LA-KIN, n. A little village ; a word used by Gay. 

VIL'LAN-AGE, n. 1. The state of a villain ; base servi 
tude. 2, A base tenure of lands; tenure on condition 
of doing the meanest services fbr the lord ; usually writ- 
ten villenage 3. Baseness; infamy; see Villanv. 



See Synopsis. A, K, T, O, U, Y, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT :— PRgY ;— PIN. MARINE, BIRD ;— j Obsolete. 



VIN 



907 



VIR 



VIL'LAN-IZE, V. t. To debase ; to degrade ; to defame j to 
revile. [Little used.\ Dryden. 

VIL'LAN-IZE 3, pp. Defamed ; debased. [Little used.] 

f VIL'LAN-IZ-ER, 71. One who degrades, debases or de- 
fames. 

VlL'LAN-lZ-ING, ppr. Defaming ; debasing. [Little used.] 

VIL'LAN-OUS, ) a. [from villain.] 1. Base ; very vile ; 

VIL'LAIN-OUS, I 2. Wicked 3 extremely depraved. 3. 
Proceeding from extreme depravity. 4. Sorry ; vile ; mis- 
chievous. 

VIL'LAN-OUS-Lr, adv Basely; vpith extreme wicked- 
ness or depravity. 

VILLAiV-OUS-NESS, n. Baseness; extreme depravity. 

VIL'LAN-Y, ) 71. I. Extreme depravity; atrocious wick- 

VIL'LAIN-Y, \ edness. 2. A crime ; an action of deep 
depravity. 

VIL-LAT'I€, a. [L. villaticus.] Pertaining to a village. 

VIL'LEN-A6E, 71. [from villain.] A tenure of lands and 
tenements by base services. Blackstone. 

VIL'LI, 71. [L.] In aiiatomy, are the same as fibres ; and in 
botany, small hairs like the grain of plush or shag, with 
wliich, as a kind of excrescence, some trees abound. 
Q,uincy. 

VIL'LOUS, a. [L. villosus.] 1. Abounding with fine hairs 
or wooly substance ; nappy ; shaggy ; rough. — 2. In bota- 
ny, pubescent ; covered with soft hairs. 

VIM'IN-AL, a [L. viminalis.] Pertaining to twigs ; con- 
sisting of twigs ; producing twigs. 

VI-MIN'E-OUS, a. [L. vimineus.] Made of twigs or shoots. 
Prior. 

VI-Na'CEOUS, a. [L. vinaceus.] Belonging tr wine or 
grapes. Tiliite. 

VIN'CI-BLE, a. [from L. vinco.] Conquerable ; that may 
be overcome or subdued. Hayward. 

VIN'CI-BLE-NESS, 71. The capacity of being conquered ; 
conquerableness. Diet. 

tVINeT'URE, 71. [L. vinctura.] A binding. 

V1N-De'MI-AL, a. [L. vindemialis.] Belonging to a vint- 
age or grape harvest. 

VIN-De'IVM-ATE, v. i. To gather the vintage. Evelyn. 

VIN-DE-MI-a'TION, n. The operation of gathering grapes. 

VIN-DI-€A-BIL'1-TY, n. The quality of being vindicable, 
or capable of support or justification. 

VIN'DI-eA-BLE, a. That may be vindicated, justified or 
supported. Dwi^ht. 

VIN'DI-€ATE, v. t. [L. vindico.] 1. To defend ; to justi- 
fy ; to support or maintain as true or correct, against de- 
nial, censure or objections. 2. To assert ; to defend with 
success ; to maintain ; to prove to be just or valid. 3. To 
defend with arms, or otherwise. 4. To avenge ; to pun- 
ish ; [obs.] 

VIN'DI-€A-TED, pp. Defended ; supported ; maintained ; 
proved to be just or true. 

VIN'DI-€A-TING, ;>p?-. Defending; supporting; proving 
to be true or just ; defending by for^e. 

VIN-DI-€a'TION, 71. [Fr.; L. vindico.] 1. The defense 
of any thing, or a justification against denial or censure, 
or against objections or accusations. 2. The act of sup- 
porting by proof or legal process ; the proving of any 
thing to be just. 3. Defense by force or otherwise. 

VIN'DI-€A-TlVE, a. 1. Tending to vindicate. 2. Re- 
vengeful. 

VIN'DI-€A-TOR, n. One who vindicates ; one who justi- 
fies or maintains ; one who defends. Dryden. 

VIN'DI-OA-TO-RY, a. 1. Punitory ; inflicting punishment ; 
avenging. 2. Tending to vindicate ; justificatory. 

VIN-Die'TIVE, a. [Ft. vindicatif.] Revengeful; given to 
revenge. Dryden. 

VIN-DI€'TIVE-LY, adv. By way of revenge ; revenge- 
fully. 

VIN-Dl€'TIVE-NESS, 71. 1. A revengeful temper. 2. Re- 
vengefulness. 

VINE, 71. [L. vinea j Fr. vigne ; It. vigna; Sp. vina,] 1. 
A plant that produces grapes, of the genus vitis. 2. The 
long, slender stem of any plant, that trails on the ground, 
or climbs and supports itself by winding round a fixed 
object, or by seizing any fixed thing with its tendrils or 
claspers. 

VINED, a. Having leaves like those of the vine. Wotton. 

ViNE'-DRESS-ER, ?^. [7)i?ie and dresser.] One who dress- 
es, trims, prunes and cultivates vines. 

VL^JE'-FRET-TER, n. [vine and /ret.] A small insect that 
injures vines, the aphis or puceron. 

VIN'E-GAR, n. [Fr. vin and aigre.] 1. Vegetable acid ; 
au acid liquor obtained from wine, cider, beer or other 
liquors, by the second or acetous fermentation. 2. Any 
thing really or metaphorically sour ; [obs.] 

VlNE'-GRUB,7(. [vine anA grub.] A little insect that infests 
vines ; the vine-fretter or puceron Cyc. 

VI'NER, 71. An orderer or trimmer of vines, ffuloet. 

Vi'NER-Y, n. In gardening, an erection for supporting vines 
and exposing them to artificial heat, consisting of a wall 
with stoves and flues. 



VINE'YARD, ) n. [Sax. vingeard ; It. fivnghort.] A plan 

VIN'YARD, ) tation of vines producing grapes ; proper- 
ly, an inclosure or yard for grape-vines. 

t VIN'NEWED, a. [Sax.fynig ] Moldv ; musty. JSTewton 

f VIN'NEW-ED-NESS, n . Mustiness ; moldiness. Barret. 

t VIN'NY, a. Moldy ; musty. 

t VIN'O-LEN-CY, n. [L. vinolentia.] Drunkenness. 

t yiN'O-LENT, a. Given to wine. 

Vl-NOS'i-TY, n. State or quality of being vinous. Scott 

Vl'NOUS, a. [Fr. vineux ; L. vinnm.] Having the qualities 
of wine ; pertaining to wine. 

VINT'AGE, n. [P''r. vendange.] 1. The produce of the 
vine for the season. 2. The time of gathering the crop of 
grapes. 3. The wine produced by the crop of grapes in 
one season. 

VINT'A-GER, n. One that gathers the vintage. 

VINT'NER, 71. One who deals in wine ; a wine-seller 

VINT'RY, n. A place where wine is sold. Ainsworth. 

VI'NY, a. 1. Belonging to vines ; producing grapes. 2. 
Abounding in vines. P. Fletcher. 

Vl'OL, 71. [Fr. viole ; It., Sp. viola ; Ir biol.] A stringed 
musical instrument^ of the same form as the violin, but 
larger, and having formerly six strings, to be struck witli 
a how. 

Vl'0-LA-BLE, a. [L. violabilis.] That may be violated, 
broken or injured. 

VT-O-La'CEOUS, a. [L. viola.] Resembling violets. 

Vl'0-LATE, V. t. [Fr. violer ; L. violo ; It. violare ; Sp. vi- 
olar.] 1. To injure ; to hurt ; to interrupt : to disturb 
2. To break , to infringe ; to transgress. 3. To injure ; to 
do violence to. 4. To treat with irreverence ; to profane. 
5. To ravish ; to compress by force. 

VI'0-LA-TEI), pp. Injured ; transgressed ; ravished. 

Vl'O-LA-TING, ppr. Injuring ; infringing ; ravishing. 

Vi-O-La'TION, n. [Fr.J 1. The act of violating or injur- 
ing ; interruption, as 01 sleep or peace. 2. Infringement ; 
transgression ; non-observance. 3. Act of irreverence ; 
profanation or contemptuous treatment of sacred thing? 
4. Ravishment; rape. 

Vl'O-LA-TOR, 71. 1. One who violates, injures, interrupts 
or disturbs. 2. One who infringes or transgresses. 3. 
One who profanes or treats with irreverence. 4. A rav- 
jsher. 

Vl'O-LENCE, n. [L. violentia:.] 1. Physical force ; strength 
of action or motion. 2. Moral force ; vehemence. 3. 
Outrage ; unjust force ; crimes of all kinds. 4. Eager- 
ness ; vehemence. 5. Injury ; infringement. 6. Injury ; 
hurt. 7. Ravishment ; rape. — To do violence to, or on, to 
attack; to murder. — To do violence to, to outrage; to 
force ; to injure. 

Vl'0-LENCE, 7;. t. To assault ; to injure ; also, to bring by 
violence. [Little used.] B. Jonson. 

Vi'0-LENT, a. [Fr. ; L. violentus.] 1. Forcible; moving 
or acting with physical strength ; urged or driven with 
force. 2. Vehement ; outrageous. 3. Produced or con- 
tinued by force ; not spontaneous or natural. 4. Produ- 
ced by violence ; not natural. 5. Acting by violence ; as- 
sailant ; ^not authorized. 6. Fierce ; vehement. 7. Se- 
vere ; extreme. 8. Extorted ; not voluntary. — Violent 
presumption, in law, is presumption that arises from cir- 
cumstances which necessarily attend such facts. 

t VI'O-LENT, n. An assailant. 

t Vl'O-LENT, V. t. To urge with violence. Fuller. 

Vl'O-LENT-LY, a(f». With force ; forcibly; vehemently. 

Vl'O-LET, n. [Fr. violette ; It. violetto ; L. viola.] A plant 
and flower of the genus viola, of many species. 

VIO-LIN', n. [It. violino ; Fr. violon.] A musical instru- 
ment with four strings, played with a bow ; a fiddle ; one 
of the most perfect and most powerful instruments that 
has been invented. 

Vi'O-LIN-IST, n. A person skilled in playing on a vio- 
lin. 

Vi'O-LIST, n. A player on the viol. Todd. 

* Vl-0-LON-CEL'LO, n. [It.] A stringed instrument of 
music ; a base viol of four strings, or a little base violin 
with long large strings, giving sounds an octave lower 
than tjie base violin. 

Vr-0-Lo'NO, n. A doubles base, a deep-toned instrument. 

Vl'PER, n. [L. vipera ; Fr. vipere.] 1. A serpent, a species 
of coluber, whose bite is remarkably venomous. 2. A per- 
son or thing mischievous or malignant. 

Vl'PER-INE, a. [L. viperinus.] Pertaining to a viper or to 
vipers. 

Vl'PER-OUS, a. [L. vipereus.] Having the qualities of 8 
viper ; malignant ; venomous. Skak. 

Vl'PER'S BU'GLOSc?, n. A plant of the genus echium 

Vl'PER'S GRASS, 7J. A plant of the genus scorzoTiera. 

tVI-RA-GlN'I-AN, a. Of or belonging to an impudent 
woman. Milton. 

Vi-Ra'GO, 71. [L. from vir.] 1. A woman of extraordina- 
ry stature, strength and courage , a female who has the 
robust body and masculine mind of a man ; a female v/ar- 
rior.— 2. In common language, a bold, impudent, turbulent 
woman ; a termagant. 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, C6VE ;— BIILL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH TH as in this, f Obsolete. 



VIR 



908 



VIS 



i VliiE tt. [Sp. tira.] An arrow Gower. 
ViR'E-LAY, n. [Ft. virelai.] A song or little poem 
among the Proven9al poets in France ; a roundelay. 

Johnson. 

Vl'RENT, a. [L. virens.] Green ; verdant ; fresh. 

VtR'GATE, a. [L. virga.] In botany, having the shape of 
a rod or wand. 

VtR'GATE, n. A yardland. Warton. 

ViR6E. SeeVEKGi!. 

ViR-6lL'I-AN, a. 1. Pertaining to Virgil, the Roman poet. 
2. Resembling the style of Virgil. Young. 

ViR'GiN, 71. [It. virgine ; Sp. virgen ; Fr. vierge ,• L. vir- 
ga.] 1. A woman who has had no carnal knowledge of 
man. 2. A woman not a mother. 3. The sign Virgo ; 
see Virgo. 

ViR'GiN, a. 1 Pm-e; untouched. 2. Fresh; new; unus- 
ed. 3. Becorrjng a virgin ; maidenly ; modest ; indicat- 
ing modesty. 4. Pure ; chaste. 

ViR'6lN, ?). i. To play the virgin ; a cant word. Shak. 

ViR'6lN-AL, a. Pertaining to a virgin ; maidenly. Ham- 
mond. 

ViR'6lN-AL, n. A keyed instrument of one string, jack 
and quill to each note, like a spinet, but in shape resem- 
bling the forte-piano ; out of use, 

ViR'6lN-AL, V. i. To pai ; to strike as on a virginal. [A 
cant word.] Shak. 

VIR-6IN'I-T\ , n. [L. virginitas.] Maidenhood ; the state 
of having had no carnal knowledge of man. 

ViR'GlN'S BOW-ER, n. A plant of the genus clematis. 

ViR'GO, n. [L.] A sign of the zodiac which the sun enters 
in August ; a constellation. Cyc. 

Vl-RID'I-TY, ?i. [L. viriditas.] Greenness ; verdure ; the 
color of fresh vegetables. Evelyn. 

Vl'RILE, a. [L. virilis.] 1. Pertaining to a man, in the 
eminent sense of the word ; belonging to the male sex. 2. 
Masculine ; not puerile or feminine. 

VI-RIL'I-TY, n. [Ft. virilite ; L. virilitas.] 1. Manhood ; 
the state of the male sex, whicli has arrived to the matu- 
rity and strength of a man, and to the power of procrea- 
tion. 2. The power of procreation. 3. Character of man ; 
[unusual.] 

VIR-MIL'ION, n. [properly vermilion.] A red color. Ros- 
common. 

* ViR'TU, n. [It.] A love of the fine arts ; a taste for curios- 
ities. Chesterfield. 

ViRT'U-AL, a. [Fr. virtuel.] 1. Potential; having the 
power of acting or of invisible efficacy without the mate- 
rial or sensible part. 2 Being in essence or effect, not in 
fact. 

VIR-TU-AL'I-TY, n. Efficacy. Brown. 

ViRT'U-AL-LY, adv. In efficacy or effect only; by means 
of some virtue or influence, or the instrumentality of some- 
thing else. 

tViRT'U-ATE, tJ. «. To make efficacious. Harvey. 

ViRT'UE, ?i. [Yx.vertu; It. virtu; &\^. vertud ; L. virtus.] 

1. Strength ; that substance or quality of physical bodies, 
by which they act and produce effects on other bodies. 

2. Bravery ; valor. This was the predominant significa- 
tion oi virtus among the Romans. [JSTearly obs.] 3. Moral 
goodness ; the practice of moral duties and the abstaining 
from vice, or a conformity of life and conversation to the 
moral law. 4. A particular moral exceller'ce. 5. Acting 
power ; something efficacious. 6. Secret agency ; effica- 
cy without visible or material action. 7. Excellence ; or 
that which constitutes value and merit. 8. One of the 
orders of the celestiai hierarchy. Milton. 9. Efficacy ; 
power. Addison. 10. Legal efficacy or power ; author- 
ity. — In virtue, in consequence ; by the efficacy or au- 
thority. 

ViRT'UE-LESS, tt. 1. Destitute of virtue. 2. Destitute of 
efficacy or operating qualities. Fairfax. 

VtR-TU-o'SO, V. [It.] A man skilled in the fine arts, par- 
ticularly in music ; or a man skilled in antiquities, curios- 
ities and the like. 

VIRT-U-O'SO-SHIP, n. The pursuits of a virtuoso. 

ViRT'U-OUS, a. 1. Morally good ; acting in conformity to 
the moral law. 2. Being in conformity to the moral or 
divine law. 3. Chaste ; applied to women. 4. Effica- 
cious by inherent qualities ; \ohs.] 5. Having great or 
powerful properties ; [obs.] 6. Having medicinal quali- 
ties ; \_obs ] 

ViRT'U-OUS-LY, adv. In a virtuous manner; in conform- 
ity with the moral law or with duty. Addison. 

ViRT'U-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being virtuous. 

VIRU-LENCE, ) n. 1. That quality of a thing which ren- 

VIR'U-LEN-CY, ) ders it extremely active in doing inju- 
ry ; acrimony ; malignancy. 2. Acrimony of temper ; 
extreme bitterness or malignity. 

VIR'U-LENT, a. [L. virulcntus.] 1. Extremely active in 
doing injury ; very poisonous or venomous. 2. Very bit- 
ter in enmity ; malignant. 

VIR'U-LENT-ED, a. Filled with poison. Feltham. 

VIR'U-LENT-LY, adv. With malignant activity ; with bit- 
ter spite or severity. 



Vi'RUS, w. [L.] Fool or contagious matter of an ulcer, pus- 
tule, &c.; poison. 

VIS'AGE, n. [Fr.; It. visaggio.] The face ; the countenanc* 
or look of a person, or of other animals ; chiefly applied tc 
human beings. 

VIS'A6ED, a. Having a visage or countenance. Milton. 

VIS'-A-VlS', (viz'a-ve') n. [Fr. opposite, face to face.] A 
carriage m which two persons sit face to face. 

VIS'CE-RA, n. [L.] The boweis or intestines ; the coiitents 
of the abdomen and thorax. 

VIS'CE-RAL, a. [L. Discera.] 1. Pertaining to the viscera 
or intestines. 2. Feeling ; having sensibility ; \unusual.] 

VIS'CER-ATE, v.t. To exenterate ; to embowel; to de- 
prive of the entrails or viscera. 

VIS'CID, a. [L. viscidus.] Glutinous ; sticky ; tenacious , 
not readily separating. 

VIS-CID'I-TY, n. 1. Glutinousness ; tenacity ; stickiness. 
2. Glutinous concretion. Floyer. 

VIS-€OST-TY, or V1S'€0US-NESS, n. Glutinousness ; te- 
nacity ; viscidity ; that quality of soft substances which 
makes them adhere so as not to be easily parted. 

VlS'€OUNT, (vi'kount) n. [L. vice-comes; Fr. vicomte.] 

1. An officer who formerly supplied the place of the 
count or earl ; the sheriff of the county. England. 2. A 
degree or title of nobility next in rank to an earl. Eng. 

VlS'€OUNT-ESS, (vi'kount-es) n. The lady of a viscount ; 
a peeress of the fourth order. Johnson. 

VlS'COUNT-SHIP, (vl'kount-ship) ) n. The quality and 

ViS'COUNT-Y, (vl'kount-y) \ office of a viscount. 

VIS'COUS, a. [Fr. visqueux ; from L. viscus.] Glutinous ; 
cianiAi-y ; sticky ; adhesive ; tenacious. 

VISE, n.' [Fr. vis.] An engine or instmment for griping and 
holding things, closed by a screw. 

VISH'NLT, 7i. In the Hindoo mythology, the name of one Oi 
the chief deities of the trimurti or triad. 

VIS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. visibilite.] 1. The state or quali- 
ty of being perceivable to the eye. 2. The state of being 
discoverable or apparent ; conspicuousness. 

VIS'I-BLE, a. [Fr.; L. visibilis.] 1. Perceivable by the eye ; 
that can be seen. 2. Discovered to the eye. 3. Apparent; 
open ; conspicuous. 

VIS'I-BLE-NESS, n. Slate or quality of being visible ; vis- 
ibility. 

VIS'I-BLY, adv. In a manner perceptible to the eye. 

Vl"SION, (vizh'uu) n. [Fr.; L. visio.] 1. The act of seeing 
external objects ; actual sight. 2. The faculty of seeing; 
sight. 3. Something imagined to be seen, though not real ; 
a phantom ; a spectre. — 4. In Scripture, a revelation from 
God. 5. Something imaginary ; the production of fancy. 
6. Any thing which is the object of sight. 

Vi"SION-AL, a. Pertaining to a vision. Waterland. 

Vl"SION-A-RY, a. [Yr.visionnaire.] 1. Affected by phan- 
toms ; disposed to receive impressions on the imagination. 

2. Imaginary ; existing in imagination only ; not real ; 
having no solid foundation. 

Vl'SION-A-RY, n. 1. One whose imagination is disturb- 
ed. 2. One who forms impracticable schemes; one who 
is confident of success in a project which others perceive 
to be idle and fanciful. — [ Visionist, in a like sense, is not 
used.] 

VIS'IT, V. t. [L. visito ; Fr. visiter ; It. visitare.] 1. To 
go or come to see ; to attend. 2. To go or come to see for 
inspection, examination, correction of abuses, &c. 3. To 
salute with a present. 4. To go to and to use. 

VIS'IT, V. i. To keep up the interchange of civilities and 
salutations ; to practice going to see others. 

VIS'IT, '11. ]. The act of going to see another, or of calling 
at his house ; a waiting on. 2. The act of going to see. 

3. A going to see or attending on. 4. The act of going to 
view or inspect. 

VIS'lT-A-BLE, a. Liable or subject to be visited. 

VIS'IT-ANT, n. One that goes or comes to see another , 
one who is a guest in the house of a friend. South. 

VIS-IT-A'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. visito.] 1. The act of visit- 
ing. 2. Object of visit ; [unusual.] — 3. In Zaw,' the act of 
a superior or superintending officer, who visits a corpora- 
tion, college, chuicli or other house, to examine into the 
manner in which it is conducted. — 4. In Scripture, and in 
a religious sense, the sending of afflictions and distresses 
on men to punish tliem for their sins, or to prove them. 
5. Communication of divine love ; exhibition of divine 
goodness and mercy. Hooker. 

VIS-I-TA-To'RI- AL. Belonging to a judicial visitor or su- 
perintendent. See VisiTOEiAL. 

YlS'lT-BI),pp. Waited on ; attended; inspected; subject- 
ed to sufferings ; favored with reliefer mercy, 

VIS'IT-ING, ppr. Going or coming to see ; attending on, as 
a physician ; inspecting officially ; afflicting ; showing 
mercy to. 2. a. Authorized to visit and inspect. 

VIS'IT-ING, n. The act of going to see or of attending ; vis- 
itation. 

VIS'IT-OR, n. [Fr. visiteur.] 1. One who comes or goes 
to see another, as in civility or friendship. 2. A superioi 
or person authorized to visit a corporation or any inst'tu- 



' See Synopsis. A, E, I 6, V,V:, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARiNp, BiRD;— ^Obsolete 



VIT 



909 



voc 



tion, foT Ae purpose of seeing that the laws and regula- 
tions are observed. 

VIS-I-T6'RI-AL, a. [from visitor; written, improperly, 
visitatorial.] Belonging to a judicial visitor or superin- 
tendent. 

Vl'SIVE, a. [from L. visus.] Pertaining to the power of 
seeing ; formed in the act of seeing. Brown, 

VISNE, (veen) n. [Norm.; L. vicinia.] Neighborhood. 

t VIS'NO-MY, n. [a barbarous contraction of physiognomy. ] 
Face; countenance. Spenser. 

VIS'OR, n. [Fr. visiere ; It. visiera ; from L. visus, video ; 
written also visard, visar, vizard.] 1. A head-piece or 
mask used to disfigure and disguise. 2. A perforated, part 
of a helmet. 

VIS'ORED, a. Wearing a visor ; masked ; disguised. 

V'IS'TA, n. [It., from L. visits.] A view or prospect through 
an avenue, as between rows of trees ; hence, the trees or 
other things that form the avenue. 

VIS'U-AL, (vizh'u-al) a. [Fr. visuel ; It. visuale.] Pertain- 
ing to sight ; used in sight ; serving as the instrument of 
seeing 

VT'TAL, a [L. vitalis.] 1. Pertaining to life, either ani- 
mal or vegetable. 2. Contributing to life ; necessary to 
life. 3. Containing life. 4. Being the seat of life ; being 
that on which life depends. 5. Very necessary ; highly 
important; essential. 6. So disposed as to live; [I. u.] 
— fltal air, pure air or oxygen gas, which is essential to 
animal life. 

Vl-TAL'I-TY, n. [from vital.] 1. Power of subsisting in 
life ; the principle of animation, or of life. 2. The act 
of livir^g ; animation. 

Vl'TAL-iZE, V. t. To give life. Trans. Pausanias. 

Vl'TAL-LY, adv. 1. In such a manner as to give life. 2. 
Essentially. 

Vi'Tx^lLS, n. plu. I. Parts of animal bodies essential to life, 
such as the viscera. 2. The part essential to life, or to a 
sound state. 

VIT'EL-LA-RY, 72. [L. vitellus.] The place where the yelk 
of an egg swims in the white. [Little used.] 

VI"TIATE, V. t. [L. vitio.] 1. To injure the substance or 
qualities of a thing, so as to impair or spoil its use and 
value. 2. To render defective ; to destroy, as the validi- 
ty or binding force of an instrument or transaction. 

Vl"TIA-TED, pp. Depraved ; rendered impure ; rendered 
defective and void. 

Vl"TIA-TING, ^^?-. Depraving; rendering of no validity. 

VI-TI-a'TION, 71. 1. The act of vitiating ; depravation ; cor- 
ruption. 2. A rendering invalid. 

t VIT-I-LIT'I-GATE, v. i. [L. vitiosus and litigo.] To con- 
tend in law litigiously or cavilously. 

t VIT-I-LIT-I-Ga'TION, n. Cavilous litigation. Hudihras. 

Vl"TIOUS, Vl"TIOUS-LY, VI"TIOUS-NESS. See Vi- 
cious and its derivatives. 

VIT'RE-0-E-LE€'TRI€, a. Containing or exhibiting pos- 
itive electricity, or that which is excited by rubbing 
glass. 

VIT'RE-OUS, a. [L. vitreus.] I. Pertaining to glass. 2. 
Consisting of glass. 3. Resembling glass. 

VIT'RE-OUS-NESS, n. The quality or state of being vitre- 
ous ; resemblance of glass. 

VI-TRES'CENCE, n. [L. vitrum.] Classiness ; or the qual- 
ity of being capable of conversion into glass ; susceptibili- 
ty of being formed into glass. 

VI-TRES'CENT, a. Capable of being formed into glass ; 
tending to become glass. 

VI-TRES'CI-BLE, a. That can be vitrified. Encijc. 

VIT-RI-F ACTION, n. The act, process or operation of 
converting into glass by heat. 

VIT'RI-Fl-A-BLE, a. Capable of being converted into 
glass by heat and fusion. 

t VIT'RI-FI-CA-BLE, for vitrifiame. 

t VIT'RI-FI-€ATE, for vitrify. Bacon. 

VIT-RI-FI-€a'TION, n. Vitrifaction. 

VIT'RI-FTED, pp. Converted into glass. 

VIT'RI-FORM, a. [L. vitrum, uniform.] Having the form 
or resemblance of glass. Fourcroy. 

VIT'RI-F^'^, V. t. [L. vitrum and fado.] To convert into 
glass by fusion or the action of heat. 

VIT'RI-Fy, v. i. To become glass ; to be converted into 
glass. Arhuthnot. 

VIT'RI-OL, n. [Fr. vitriol ; It. vitriuolo ; Sp. vitriolo.] 1. 
In mineralogy, native vitriol is a substance of a grayish or 
yellowish-white cclor,apple-green, or sky-blue, and,when 
decomposed, covered with an ochrey crust. — ^2. In chem- 
istry, a combination of the acid of sulphur with any me- 
tallic substance. 

VIT'RI-0-LATE, v. t. To convert, as sulphur in any com- 
pound, into sulphuric acid, formerly called vitriolic acid. 

VIT'RI-0-LA-TED,pj?. Converted into sulphuric acid or 
vitriol. 

VIT'RI-0-LA-TING,2?jpr. Turning into sulphuric acid or 
vitriol. 

VIT-RI-O-La'TION, 71. The act or process of converting 
into sulphuric acid or vitriol. 



VIT-RI-OL'I€, a. Pertaining to vitriol ; having th& quali- 
ties of vitriol, or obtained from vitriol. 

VIT'RI-OL-iZ-A-BLE, a. Capable of being converted into 
sulphuric acid. 

VIT-R1-OL-I-Za'TION. See Vitrigi.ation. 

VIT'RI-OL-lZE. See ViTEioLATB. 

VIT'RI-OjU-IZED. See Vitriolated. 

VIT'RI-OL-IZ-ING. See ViTRioLATiNG. 

VIT'U-LINE, a. [L. vitulinus.] Belonging to a calf or to 
veal.- 

fVl-Tu'PER-A-BLE, a. Blameworthy; censurable. 

VlTtJ'PER-ATE, «. t. [L. vitupero.] To blame; to cen- 
sure. [Little used.] 

Vl-TU-PER-A'TION, n. [L. vituperatio.] Blame ; censure 
^Little used.] 

Vi-Tu'PER-A-TiVE, a. Uttering or writing censure ; con 
taimng censure. Pope. 

VI-Va'CIO(JS, a. [L. vivax.] 1. Lively ; active ; sprightly 
in temper or conduct. 2. Long-lived ; [obs.] 3. Having 
vigorous powers of life. 

Vi-Va'CIOUS-NESS, n. 1. Activity ; liveliness ; sprightli- 
ness of temper or behavior ; vivacity. 2. Power of liv- 
ing ; also, long life ; [obs.] 

\l-VAC'I-TY, 71. [Fr. vivacite; L. vivacitas.] 1. Liveli- 
ness ; sprightliness of temper or behavior. 2. Air of life 
and activity. 3. Life ; animation ; spirits. 4. Power of 
Uving ; [obs.] 5. Longevity ; [obs.] 

Vi'VA-RY, 71. [Ij. vivarium.] A warren ; a place for keep- 
ing living animals, as a pond, a park, &c. 

Vi'VA Vo'CE, [L.] By word of mouth ; as, to vote viva 
voce. 

t VIVE, a. [Fr. vif; L. vivu-".] Lively ; forcible. Bacon 

I ViVE'LY, adv. In a lively manner. 

f Vi'VEN-CY, 71. [L. vivens, from vivo.] Manner of sup- 
porting life or vegetation. Brown. 

ViVES, n. A disease of animals, particularly of horses, 
seated in the glands under the ear. Cyc. 

VIV'I-AN-ITE. n. A phosphate of iron, of various shades 
of blue and green. Phillips, 

VIVID, a. [L. vividus.] 1. Lively ; sprightly ; active. 2. 
Lively ; sprighi.iy ; form.ing brilliant images, or painting 
in lively colors. 3. Bright; strong; exhibitmg the ap- 
pearance of life or freshness. 

VIV'ID-LY, adv. 1. With life ; with strength. 2. With 
brightness ; in bright colors. 3. In glowing colors ; with 
animated exhibition to the mind. 

VIV'ID-NESS, 71. 1. Life ; strength ; sprightliness. 2. 
Strength of coloring ; brightness. 

VT-VIF'It:;, I a. [L. vivificus.] Giving life ; reviving ; 

Vl-VIF'I-€AL, \ enlivening. Bailey. 

VIVT-FI-CATE, V. t. [L. vivifico.] 1. To give life to ; to 
animate. More. — 2. In chemistry, to recover from such a 
change of form as seems to destroy the essential quali- 
ties ; or to give to natural bodies new lustre, force and 
vigor. 

VIV-I-FI-€a'TION, n. 1. The act of giving life ; revival. 
— 2. Among chemists, the act of giving nevv lustre, force 
and vigor. Cyc. 

VIV'I-FI-Ca-TiVE, a. Able to animate or give life. 

VIV'I-FIED, pp. Revived ; endued with life. 

VIV'I-FY, V. t. [Fr. vivijier ; L. vivif.co.] To endue with 
life ; to animate ; to make to be living. 

VIV'I-FY-INGj ppr. Enduing with life ; communicating 
life to. 

Vi-VIP'A-ROUS, a. [L. vivus and pario.] 1. Producing 
young in a living state, as all mammifers. — 2. In botany, 
producing its offspring alive, either by bulbs instead of 
seeds, or by the seeds themselves germinating on the 
p'ant, instead of falling. 

VIX'EN, n. [vixen is a she fox, or a fox's cub.] A fioward, 
turbulent, quarrelsome woman. Shak. 

VIX'EN-LY, a. Having the qualities of a vixen. Barrow. 

VIZ. A contraction of videlicet ; to wit, that is, namely. 

VIZ'ARD, 71. A mask. See Visor. 

VIZ'ARD, V. t. To mask. 

*VIZ'IER, or Vl'ZER, n. [Ar.] The chief minister of the 
Turkish empire. 

Vo'€A-BLE, 71. [L. vocabulum ; It. vocabolo.] A word ; a 
term ; a name. Asiat. Res. 

VO-€AB'U-LA-RY, n. [Fr. vocabulaire, from L. vocabu- 
lum.] A list or collection of the words of a language, ar- 
ranged in alphabetical order and explained ; a dictionary 
or lexicon. We often use vocabulary in a sense somewhat 
different from that of dictionary, restricting the significa- 
tion to the list of words ; as when we say, the vocabula- 
ry of Johnson is more full or extensive than that of En- 
tick. We rarely use the word as synonymous with 
dictionary ; but in the other countries the corresponding 
word is so used, and this may be so used in English. 

Vo'CAL, a. [Fr.; L. vocalis.] 1. Having a voice. 2. Ut- 
tered or modulated by the voice.— f^ocal music, music 
made by the voice, in distinction from instrumental 



• SeeSynopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVEj—BJJLL, UNITE.— CasK; 6asJ; SasZ; CHasSHjTH as in CAis. 1; Obsolete 



VOL 



910 



VOL 



VCC.AXi, n. Among the Romanists, a man who has a right 
to vote in certain elections. Cyc. 

VO-€AL'I-TY, n. \h. vocalitas.] auality of beinff uttera- 
ble by the voice, ifolder. 

Vo'€AL-lZE, V. t. To form into voice ; to make vocal. 

VcyCAL-lZED, pp. Made vocal ; formed into voice. 

V eAL-IZ-lNG, pp'T. Forming into voice or sound. 

■Vo'€AL.-LY, adv. 1. With voice ; with an audible sound. 
2 In Wf.rds ; as, to express desires vocally. Hale. 

VO-tJA'TIOIN, n. [Fi.; L. vocatio.] 1. Among divines, a 
calling by the will of God ; or tiie bestowment of God's 
distinguishmg grace upon a person or nation, by which 
chat person or nation is put in the way of salvation. 2. 
Summon?. ; call ; inducement. 3. Designation or desti- 
nation to a particular state or profession. 4. Employ- 
ment ; calling ; occupation ; trade ; a word that includes 
professions as well as mechanical occupations. 

VOC'A-TlVE, a. [Fi. vocatif; I^.vocativus.] Relating to 
calling. 

VOC'A-TiVE, 71. In grammar, the fifth case or state of 
nouns in the Latin language; or the casein any language, 
m which a word is placed when the person is addressed. 

VO-CIF'ER-ATE, v. i. [L. vocifero.] To cry out with ve- 
hemence ; to exclaim. 

VO-CIF'ER-ATE, v. t. To utter with a loud voice. 

VO-CIF'ER-A-TING, ppr. Crytag out with vehemence ; 
uttering with a loud voice. 

VO-CIF-ER-A'TION, n. A violent outcry ; vehement ut- 
terance of the voice. Arbuthnot. 

VO-CIF'ER-OUS, a. Making a loud outcry; clamorous; 
noisy. 

VoGUE, (vog) n. [Yr. vogue ; I.t. voga ; Sp. voga.] The 
way or fashion of people at any particular time ; tempo- 
rary mode, custom or practice ; popular reception for the 
time. 

VOICE, n. [Ft. voix ; L. vox ; It. voce; Sp. voz.] 1. Sound 
or audible noise uttered by the mouth. 2. Any sound 
made by the breath. 3. A vote; sufij-age; opinion or 
choice expressed. 4. Language : words ; expression. — 5. 
In Scripture, command; precept. 6. Sound. 7. Lan- 
guage; tone; mode of expression. — 8. In grammar, a 
particular mode of inflecting or conjugating verbs. 

VOICE, V. t. 1. To rumor; to report; [little jLsed.] 2. To 
fit for producing the proper sounds • to regulate the tone 
of. 3. To vote. 

t VOICE, V. i. To clamor ; to exclaim. Bacon. 

VOICED, pp. 1. Fitted to produce the proper tones. 2. a. 
Furnished with a voice. Denhani. 

VOICE'LESS, (vois'les) a. Having no voice or vote. Coke. 

VOID, a. [Fr. vuide ; It. voto ; L. viduus.] 1. Empty ; va- 
cant ; not occupied with any visible matter. 2. Empty ; 
without inhabitants or furniture. Gen. i. 3. Having no 
legal or binding force : null ; not effectual to bind parties, 
or to convey or support a right ; not sufficient to produce 
its effect. 4. Free ; clear. 5. Destitute. 6. Unsupplied ; 
vacant ; unoccupied ; having no incumbent. 7. Unsub- 
stantial; vain. — Void space, in physics, a vacuum. — 1. To 
make void, to violate ; to transgress. Ps. cxix. 2. To ren- 
der useless or of no effect. Rom. iv. 

VOID, n. An empty space ; a vacuum. Pope. 

VOID, v. t. 1. To quit ; to leave. 2. To emit ; to send out ; 
to evacuate. 3. To vacate ; to annul ; to nullify ; to ren- 
der of no validity or effect. 4. To make or leave vacant. 

VOID, V. i. To be emitted or evacuated. Wiseiaan. 

VOID'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be annulled or made void, 
or that may be adjudged void, invalid or of no force. 2. 
That may be evacuated. 

VOID'ANCE, 71. 1. The act of emptying. 2 The act of 
ejecting from a benefice ; ejection. 3. Vacancy ; want 
of an incumbent. 4. Evasion ; subterfuge. 

VOID'ED, pp. ]. Thrust out ; evacuated.— 2. a. In herald- 
ry, having the iniier or middle part cut out, as an ordina- 
ry. Cyc. 

VOID'ER, n. LA basket in which broken meat is carried 
from the table. 2. One who evacuates. 3. One who 
nullifies. — 4. In heraldry, one of the ordinaries, whose 
figure is much like that of the flanch or flasque. — 5. In 
agriculture, a provincial name of a kind of shallow bas- 
ket of open work. England. 

VOIDING, ppr. 1. Ejecting; evacuating. 2. Making or 
declaring void, or of no force. 3. Quitting; leaving. 
4 a. Receiving what is ejected. 

VOID'NESS, n. 1. Emptiness ; vacuity ; destitution. 2. 
Nullity ; inefficacy; want of binding force. 3. Want of 
substantiality. 

VOIT'URE, 7t. [Fv.;lt. vettura.'] Carriage. 

VOL-AL'KA-LI; n. Volatile alkali ; by contraction. Geol. 

Vo'LANT, a. [Fr.] 1. Flying ; passing through the air. 
2. Nimble ; active. — 3. In heraldry, represented as flying 
or having the wings spread. 

VOLiA-TlLE, a. [Fr. ; L. volatilis.] 1. Flying ; passing 
through the air on wings, or by the buoyant force of the 
atmosphere. 2. Having the. power to fly. 3. Capable of 
wasting away, or of easily passing into the aeriform state. 



4. Lively ; gay ; full of spirit ; airy ; hence, fickle ; apt 
to change. 

VOIi'A-TiLE, n. A Vt'inged animal. [Little iised.] Brown 

VOL'A-TlLE-NESS, ) n [Fr. volatilite.] 1. Disposition to 

VO/Iu-A-TIL'l-TV, \ exhale or evaporate ; the quality 
of being capable of evaporation. 2. Great sprightliness ; 
levity ; liveliness ; whence, mutability of mind ; fickle- 
ness. 

VOL-A-TIL-I-Za'TION, 71. The act or process of render- 
ing volatile, or rather of causing to rise and float in the 
air. 

VOL'A-TIL-iZE, V. t. [Fr. volatiliser.] To render vola- 
tile ; to cause to exhale or evaporate ; to cause to pass off 
in vapor or invisible effluvia, and to i-se and float in the 
air. 

VOL'A-TIL-iZED, pp. Rendered volatile ; caused to rise 
and float in air. 

VOL'A-TIL-IZ-ING, ppr. Rendering volatile; causing to 
rise and float in air. 

VOL-€AN'ie, a. 1. Pertaining to volcanoes. 2. Produced 
by a volcano. 3. Changed or aftected by the heat of a 
volcano. 

VOL'CA-NIST, 71. 1. One versed in the history and phe- 
nomena of volcanoes. 2. One who believes in the ef- 
fects of eruptions of fire in the formation of mountains. 

VOL'€AN-ITE, n. A mineral, otherwise called aurite. 

VOL-€AN'I-TY, n. The state of being volcanic or" of vol- 
canic origin. 

VOL-CAN-I-Za'TION, n. The process of undergoing vol- 
canic heat and being affected by it. 

VOL'CAN-TZE, v. t. To subject to or cause to undergo 
volcanic heat and to be affected by its action. 

VOL'CAN-iZED, pp. Affected by volcanic heat. 

VOL-€a'NO, n. [It. from Vulcan.] 1. In geology, an 
opening in the surface of the earth or in a mountain, froir 
which smoke, flames, stones, lava or other substances are 
ejected. It is vulgarly called a burning mountain. 2 
The mountain that ejects fire, smoke, &c. 

VOLE, n. [Fr.] A deal at cards that draws all the tricks. 

Vo'LER-Y; n. [Fr. volerie.] 1. A flight of birds. 2. A. 
large bird-cage, in which the birds have room to flv. Cyc 

VOL-I-Ta'TION, n. [L. volito.] The act of flying • flight 

VO-Li"TK)N, 71. [I., volitio.] 1. The act of willing; the 
act of determining choice, or forming a purpose. 2. The 
power of willing or determining. 

VOL'I-TlVE, a. Having the power to will. Hale. 

VOL'LEY, n. ; plu. Volleys. [Fr. volee.] 1. A flight of 
shot ; the discharge of many small arms at once. 2 A 
burst or emission of many things at once. 

VOL'LEY, V. t. To discharge with a volley. 

VOL'LEY, V. i. To throw out or discharge at once Shak. 

VOL'LEYED, a. [from volley.] Disploded; discharged 
with a sudden burst. JlfJZtoTi. 

VoLT, n. [Fr. volte ; It. volta ; L. volutus.] 1. A round 
or circular tread ; a gait of two treads, made by a horse 
going sideways round a centre. — 2. In fencing, a sudden 
movement or leap to avoid a thrust. — Volta, in Italian 
miisic, signifies that the part is to be repeated one, two 
or more times. 

VOL-Ta'IC, a. Pertaining to Volta, the discoverer of vol- 
taism ; as, the voltaic pile. 

VOL'TA-ISM, 7i. [from Volta, an Italian.] That branch of 
electrical science, which has its source in the chemical ac- 
tion between metals and different liquids. It is more 
properly called galvanism, from Galvani, who first prov- 
ed or brought into notice its remarkable influence on an- 
imals. 

VO-LU'BTL-ATE, } a. In gardening, a volubilate stem is 

VOL'U-BILE, \ one that climhs by winding or twin- 
ing round another body. 

VOL-U-BIL'I TY, 71. [Fr. volubilite ; L. volubilitas.] I 
The capacity of being rolled ; aptness to roll. 2. The act 
of rolling. 3. Ready motion of the tongue in speaking , 
fluency of speech. 4. Mutability; liableness to revolu- 
tion. 

VOL'U-BLE, a. [L. volubilis.] 1. Formed so as to roll with 
ease, or to be easily set in motion ; apt to roll. 2. Roll- 
ing ; having quick motion. 3. Nimble; act've; moving 
with ease and smoothness in uttering words. 4. Fluent 
flowing with ease and smoothness. 5. Having fluency 
of speech. 

VOL'U-BLY, adv. In a rolling or fluent manner. Hubibras 

*VOL'UME, 71. [Fr.; lA.volumcn.] 1. Primarily, a. Yo\\,vts 
the ancients wrote on long strips of bark, parchment or 
other material, which they formed into rolls or folds. 2 
A roll or turn ; as much as is included in a roll or coil. 
3. Dimensions ; compass ; space occupied. 4. A swelling 
or spherical body. 5. A book ; a collectirn of sheets of 
paper, usually printed or written paper, folded and bound, 
or covered. — 6. In music, the compass of a voice from 
grave to acute ; the tone or power of voice. 

VOL'UMED, a. Having the form of a volume or roll. 

VO-Lu'MIN-OUS, a. 1. Consisting of many coils or com 
plications. 2. Consisting of many volumes or books. 3 



See Synopsis. 1 K, T, O, U, Y, Zore^.— FAR, F^LL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PTN, MARINE, BtRD ,— f Obsolete. 



VOR 



911 



ATUL 



Having written much, or made many volumes. 4. Copi- 
ous j_ diffusive ; [obs.] 

VO-Lu'MIN-OUS-LY, adv. In many volumes ; very copi- 
ously. 

VO-Lu'MIN-OUS-NESS, n. State of being bulky or in 
many volumes. 

t VOL'U-MIST, n. One w^ho writes a volume ; an author. 
Milton. 

VOL'UN-TA-RI-LY, adv. Spontaneously; of one's own 
will ; without being influenced or impelled by others. 

VOL'UN-TA-RI-NESS, n. The state of being voluntary 
or optional. 

VOL'UN-TA-RY, a. [Fr. volontaire ; L. voluntarius.] 1. 
Acting by choice or spontaneously ; acting without being 
influenced or impelled by another. 2. Free, or having 
power to act by choice ; not being under restraint. 3. 
Proceeding from choice or free will. 4. Willing ; acting 
with willingness. 5. Done by design ; purposed ; in- 
tended. 6. Done freely, or of choice ; proceeding from 
free will. 7. Acting of his own accord; spontaneous. 
8. Subject to the will. 

VOL'UN-TA-RY, n. 1 One who engages in any affair of 
his own free will ; a volunteer. — 2. In music, a piece 
played by a musician extemporarily, according to his 
fancy. 3. A composition for the organ. 

VOL-UN-TEER', n. [Fr. volontaire.] A person who enters 
into military or other service of his own free will. 

VOL-UN-TEER', a. Entering into service of free will. 

VOL-UN-TEER', v. t. To offer or bestow voluntarily, or 
without solicitation or compulsion. 

VOL-UN-TEER', v. i. To enter into any service of one's 
free will, without solicitation or compulsion. 

VO-LUPT'U-A-RY, n. [L. voluptuarius ] A man addicted 
to luxury or the gratification of the appetit3, and to other 
sensual pleasures. 

VO-LUPT'U-OUS, a. [Fr. voluptueux ; L. vohiptuosus.] 
Given to the enjoyments of luxury and pleasure ; in- 
dulging to excess in sensual gratifications. 

VO-LUPT'U-OUS-LY, adv. Luxuriously ; with free indul- 
gence of sensual pleasures. 

VO-LUPT'U-OUS-NESS, n. Luxuriousness ; aduictedness 
to pleasure or sensual gratification. Donne. 

VOL-U-Ta'TION, ?i. I'L.volutatio.] A wallowing; a roll- 
ing of the body on the earth. See Wallow. 

VO-LuTE', n. [Fr. volute ; It. valuta ; L. volutus.] 1. In 
architecture, a kind of spiral scroll, used in the Ionic and 
Composite capitals, of which it is a principal ornament. 
— 2. In natural history, a genus of shells. Say. 

VO-Lu'TJON, n. A spiral turn. 

VOL'U-TITE, n. A petrified shell of the genus valuta. 

VOL'VtC, a. Denoting a species of stone or lava. 

VOM'ie, a. The vomic nut, nux vomica, is the seed of the 
strychnos nux vomica. Cyc. 

VOM'I-€A, n. [L.] An encysted tumor on the lungs. 

VOM'IT, V. i. [L. vomo ; Fr. vomir ; It. vomire.] To eject 
the contents of the stomach by the mouth. 

VOM'IT, V. t. 1. To throw up or eject from the stomach ; 
to discharge from the stomach through the mouth. 2. To 
eject with violence from any hollow place. 

VOM'IT, v. 1. The matter ejected from the stomach. 9. 
That which excites the stomach to discharge its con- 
tents ; an emetic. 

VOM'IT-ED, pp. Ejected from the stomach through the 
mouth, or from any deep place through an opening. 

VOM'IT-ING, ppr. Discharging from the stomach through 
the mouth, or ejecting from any deep place. 

VOM'IT-ING, n. 1. The act of ejectmg the contents of the 
stomach through the mouth. 2. The act of throwing out 
substances with violence from a deep hollow, as a vol- 
cano, &c. 

VO-Mi"TION, n. The act or power of vomiting. Grew. 

VOM'I-TiVE, a. [Fr. vomitif.] Causing the ejection of 
matter from the stomach ; emetic. Brown. 

VOM'I-TO-RY, a. [L. vomitorius.] Procuring vomits ; 
causing to eject from the stomach ; emetic. 

VOJM'I-TO-RY, n. 1. An emetic. Harvey. 2. A door. 
Gibbon. 

VO-Ra'CIOUS, a. [Fr., It. vorace ; L. vorax.] 1. Greedy 
for eating ; ravenous ; very hungry. 2. Rapacious ; eager 
to devour. 3. Ready to swallow up. 

VO-Ra'CIOUS-LY, adv. With greedy appetite ; raven- 
ously. 

VO-Ra'CIOUS-NESS, n. Greediness of appetite ; raven- 
ousness ; eagerness to devour ; rapaciousness. 

VO-RAC'I-TY, ?. . Greediness of appetite ; voraciousness. 

V0-RA6'IN-OUS, a. [L. voraginosus.] Full of gulfs. 
Scott. 

VOR'TEX,7i.:plu. Vortices or Vortexes. [L.] 1. A whirl- 
pool ; a whirling or circular motion of water, forming a 
kind of cavity in the centre of the circle. 2. A whirling 
of the air ; a whirlwind. Ct/c. — 3. In the Cartesian sys- 
tem., the circular motion originally impressed on the par- 
ticles of matter, carrying them around their own axes, 

and around a common centre. 



VOR'TI-€AL, a. Whirling ; turning. Mewton. 

Vo'TA-RESS, n. A female devoted to any service, woishlp 
or state of life. Clenveland. 

Vo'TA-RIST, n. One devoted or given up to any person or 
thing, lo any service, worship or pursuit. 

Vo'TA-RY, a. [from L. votus.} Devoted : promised ; con 
secrated by a vow or promise ; consequewt on a vow. 

Vo'TA-RY, 71. One devoted, consecrated or engaged by a 
vow or promise ; hence, more generally, one de /oted, 
given or addicted to some particular service, worship, 
study or state of life. 

VOTE, 71. [It., Sp. voto; L. votum.] 1. Suffrage; the ex- 
pression of a wish, desire, will, preference or choice, in 
regard to any measure proposed, in which the person 
voting has an interest in common with others. 2. That 
by which will or preference is expressed in elections, or 
in deciding propositions ; a ballot ; a ticket, <fcc.; as, a 
written vote. 3. Expression of will by a majority ; legal 
decision by some expression of the minds of a number 
4. United voice in public prayer. 

VOTE, V. i. To express or signify the mind, will or prefer- 
ence, in electing men to office, or in passing laws, regu- 
lations and the like, or in deciding on any proposition in 
which one has an interest with others. 

VOTE, V. t. 1. To choose by suffrage ; to elect by some 
expression of will. 2. To enact or establish by vote or 
some expression of will. 3. To grant by vote or expres- 
sion of will. 

VoT'ED, pp. Expressed by vote or suffrage. 

VoT'ER, n. One who has a legal right to vote or give his 
suffrage. 

VoT'ING, ppr. Expressing the mind, will or preference in 
election, or in determining questions proposed. 

Vo'TIVE, a. [Fr. votif ; L. votivus.'] Given by vow ; de- 
voted. 

VOUCH, V. t. [Norm, voucher ; L. voco.] 1. To call to 
witness ; to obtest. 2. To declare ; to affirm ; to attest ; 
to warrant ; to maintain by affirmations. 3. To warrant ; 
to confirm; to establish proof. — 4. In law, to call into 
court to warrant and defend, or to make good a warranty 
of title. 

VOUCH, V. i. To bear witness ; to give testimony or full 
attestation. 

VOUCH, n. Warrant; attestation. Shak. 

VOUCHED, pp. Called to witness ; affirmed or fully attest 
ed ; called into court to make good a warranty. 

VOUCH-EE', 71. In Zaw, the person who is vouched or call- 
ed into court to support or make good his warranty of ti 
tie in the process of common recovery. 

VOUCH'ER, n. 1. One who gives witness or full attesta- 
tion to any thing. — 2. In law, the act of calling in a per- 
son to make good his warranty of title. 3. A book, paper 
or document which serves to vouch the truth of accounts, 
or to confirm and establisli facts of any kind. 

VOUCH'ER, or VOUCH'OR, n. In law, the tenant in a 
writ of rigiit; one who calls in another to establish his 
warranty of title. 

VOUCH'ING, ppr. Calling to witness ; attesting by affirm 
ation ; calling in to maintain warranty of title. 

VOUCH-SaFE', v. t. [vouch and safe.] 1. To permit to 
be done without danger. 2. To condescend to grant. 

VOUCH-SaFE', v. i. To condescend ; to deign ; to yield 

VOUCH-SaF'ED, (vouch-saff) pp. Granted in condescen- 
sion. 

VOUCH-SaFE'MENT, 71. Grant in condescension. 

VOUCH-SaF'ING, ppr. Condescending to grant; deign- 
ing. 

VOW, n. [Fr. vaeu ; It. voto ; L. votum.] 1. A solemn 
promise made to God, or by a pagan to his deity. 2. A 
solemn promise. 

VOW, 1'. t. [Fr. voiLcr ; L. voveo.] 1. To give, consecrate 
or dedicate to God by a solemn promise. 2. To devote. 

VOW, V. i. To make vows or solemn promises. 

VOWED, pp. Solemnly promised to God ; given or conse- 
crated by solemn promise. 

VOWEL, n. [L. vocalis ; Fr. voyelle ; It. vocale.] 1. In 
grammar, a simple sound ; a sound uttered by simply 
opening the mouth or organs ; as the sound of a, e, o. 2 
The letter or character which represents a simple sound 

VOWEL, a. Pertaining to a vowel ; vocal. 

VOW'ELED, a. Furnished with vowels. 

VOW'ER, 71. One who makes a vow. 

VOW'-FEL-LoW, 71. One bound by the same vow. [Little 
used.] 

VOWING, ppr. Making a vow. 

VOY'AGE, 71. [Fr., from voie ; Eng. icay ; Sax. W(eg, loeg.] 
1. A passing by sea or water from on-^ place, port or coun 
try to another, espacially a passing or journey by water to 
a distant place or country. 2. The practice of traveling 



[obs.] Bacon. 



VOY'ACJE, v. i. To sail or pass by water. Pope. 
VOY'AOE, V. t. To travel ; to pass over. Milton. 
V0Y'A-6ER, 71. One who sails or passes by sea or water. 
VUL'€AN-IST. See Volcanist. 



See Synopsis. M<3VE, ROOK, DoVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K 



; r' ! I n s S H ; T H 3 :=! i n <■./«>. f Obsolete 



WAF 



9^12 



WAG 



VUL-6ANO. See Volcano. 

V'UL'G AR, a. [Ft. vulgaire ; It. vulffare ; L. vulgaris.] 
1. Pertaining to the common, unlettered people. 2. Used 
or practiced by common people. 3. Vernacular ; nation- 
al. 4. Common ; used by all classes of people. 5. Pub- 
lic. 6. Mean * rustic ; rude ; low ; unrefined. 7. Con- 
sisting of common persons. 

VUL'GAR, n. The common people. 

V(JL'GAR-1SM, K. 1. Crossness of manners; vulgarity; 
J I. M.] 2. A vulgar phrase or expression. 

VlfL-GAR'J-TY, 71. 1. Mean condition in life; the state 
of the lower classes of society. 2. Crossness or clownish- 
ness cf manners or language. 

VUL'GAR-iZE, V. t. To make vulgar. Foster. 

VUL'GAR-LY, adv. 1. Commonly ; in the ordinary man- 
ner among the common people. 2. Meanly ; rudely ; 
clown ishly. 

VUL'GATE, n. A very ancient Latin version of the Scrip- 
tures, and the only one which the Romish church admits 
to be authentic. 



VUL'GATE, a. Pertaining to the old Latin version of Ihfl 
Scriptures. 

VU'L'NER-A-BLE, a. [Ft, ; L, vulnero.] 1. That may be 
wo'.mded ; susceptible of wounds or external injuries, 2. 
Liable to injury ; subject to be affected injuriously. 

VUL'NER-A-RY, a. [Fr. vulneraire ; L. vulnerarius.'' 
Useful in healing wounds ; adapted to the cure of exter- 
nal injuries. 

VUL'NER-A-RY, n. Any plant, drug or composition, use- 
ful in the cure of wounds. 

t VUL'NER-ATE, v. t. [L. vulnero.] To wound : to hurt. 

t VUL-NER-A'TION, n. The act of wounding. Pearson. 

VUL'PINE, a. [L. vuljnnus.] Pertaining to the fox ; cun- 
ning ; crafty ; artful. 

VUL'PIN-ITE, n. [from Vuljtino.] A mineral. 

VULT'URE, ) n. [L. vultur.] A genus of fowls, belondng 

VULT'UR, i to the order of accipiters. 

VULT'UR-INE, a. [L, vulturinus.] Belonging to the vult- 
ure ; having the qualities of the vulture ; resembling the 
vulture ; rapacious. 



W. 



Wis the twenty-third letter of the English Alphabet. It 
takes its written form and its name from the union 
of two V's, this being the form of the Roman capital let- 
ter which we call U. W is. properly, a vowel, a simple 
sound, formed by opening tne mouth with a close, circu- 
lar configuration of the lips. It is precisely the ou of the 
French, and the u of the Spaniards, Italians and Germans. 
With the other vowels it forms diphthongs, which are of 
easy pronunciation ; as in toell, want, will, dicell, pro- 
nounced ooell, onant, ooill, dooell. In English, it is al- 
ways followed by another vowel, except when followed 
by li, as in when. — W, at the end of words, is often silent 
after a and o, as in late, saw, low, soic. In many words 
of this kind, w represents The Saxon g ; in other cases, it 
helps to form a diphthong, as in now, voip, new, strew. 

WAB'BLE, V. i. [W, gwibiaw.] To move from one side to 
the other ; to vacillate, as a turning or whirling body. 

WACK'E, j n. A rock nearly allied to basalt, of which it 

WACK'Y, ) may be regarded as a variety. 

WAD, n. [G. watte ; Dan. vat.] ]. A httle mass of some 
soft or flexible material, used for stopping the charge of 
powder in a gun. 2. A little mass, tuft or bundle, as of 
hay or peas. 

WAD, J n. In mineralogy, black wadd is a species of the 

WADD, \ oreof manganese, ofwhich there are four kinds. 

W AD'DED, a. Formed into a wad or mass. 

WAD'OING, n. [G. watte.] I. A wad, or the materials 
for wads. 2. A kind of soft stuff of loose texture, used 
for stuffing garments. 

WAD'DLE,«. i. [1j. vado ;G.waten.] 1. To move one way 
and the other in walking ; to deviate to one side and the 
other ; to vacillate. 2. To walK with a waddling motion. 

WAD'DLING, -ppr. Moving from side to side in walking. 

WAD'DLING-LY, adv. With a vacillating gait. 

WADE, V. i. [Sw. vada ; D. waaden ; G. icaten ; Dan. va- 
der.] 1. To walk through any substance that yields to 
the feet. 2. To move or pass with difficulty or labor. 

WADE, V. t. To pass by walking on the bottom. 

WaD'ING, fpr. Walking through a substance that yields 
to the feet, as through water or sand. 

WAD'SETT, n. Aa ancient tenure or lease of land in the 
Highlands of Scotland. Cyc. 

WAD'SETT-ER, n. One who holds by wadsett. 

WA'FER, n. [D. wafel ; G. waffel ; Dan. vaffel ; Fr. gavf- 
fre.] 1. A thin cake or leaf. 2. A thin leaf of paste, 
used in sealing letters. 

Wa'FER, v. t. To seal or close with a wafer. 

WAF'FLE, n. [G. vaffed.] A thin cake baked on coals, in 
an iron instrument. 

WAF'FLE-IR-ON, n. A utensil for making waffles. 

WAFT, V. t. 1. To bear through a fluid or buoyant medi- 
um ; to convey through water or air. 2. To convey, as 
ships. 3. To buoy ; to cause to float ; to keep from sink- 
ing. 4. To beckon ; to give notice by pomething in mo- 
tion ; \ol)S.] 

WAFT, v.i. To float ; to be moved or to pass in a buoyant 
medium. Dryden. 

»VAFT, n. A floating body ; also, a signal displayed from a 
ship's stern, by hoisting an ensign furled in a roll, to the 
head of the staff. 

•f WAFT'AGE, n. Conveyance or transportation through a 
buoyant medium, as 'air or water. Shak. 

"WAFT'ED, pp. Borne or conveyed through air or water. 

WAFT'ER, n. 1. He or that which wafts ; a passage-boat. 
2. The conductor of vessels at sea ; -m old word. 

WAFT'ING, ppr. Carrying through a buoyant medium. 



t WAFT'URE, 71. The act of waving. Shaic. 

WAG, V. t. [Sax. wagian and tcecgan ; G. bewecren ; D 
beweegen ; G.w'dgen ; Sw, vaga ; Dan. vajer.] I'o move 
one way and the other with quick turns ; to move a little 
way, and then turn the other way. 

WAG, V. i. I. To he quick in ludicrous motion ; to stir. 
2. To go ; to depart ; to pack off. 3. To be moved one 
way and the other. 

WAG, 71. [from the verb.] A droll ; a man full of low' sport 
and humor ; a ludicrous fellow. Dryden. 

WAGE, V. t. [G. wagen ; D. icaagen ; Sw. vaga ; Fr. ga~ 
ger, for guager.] 1. To lay ; to bet ; to throw down, as 
a pledge ; to stake ; to put at hazard on the event of a 
contest. 2. To venture ; to hazard. 3. To make ; to be- 
gin ; to carry on ; that is, to go forward or advance to at- 
tack, as in invasion or aggression ; used in the phrase, to 
7oage war. 4. To set to hue ; \_obs.] 5. To take to hire : 
to hire for pay; to employ for wages; [obs.] — To xoag'e 
one^s law, to give security to make one's law. 

WaGED, ^;>. Laid; deposited, as a pledge; made or be- 
gun, as war. 

Wa'GER, n. 1. Something deposited, laid or hazarded on 
the event of a contest or some unsettled question ; a bet. 
2. Subject on v/hich bets are laid. — 3. In law, an offer to 
make oath of innocence or non-indebtedness ; or the act 
of making oath, together with the oaths of eleven com- 
purgators, to fortify the defendant's oath. — Wager of bat- 
tle is when the tenant in a writ of right offers tc» prove 
his right by the body of his champion, and, throwing 
down his glove as a gage or pledge, thus wages or stipu- 
lates battle with the champion of the demandant, who, 
by taking up the glove, accepts the challenge. 

Wa'GER, v. t. To lay ; to bet ; to hazard on the issue of a 
contest, or on some question that is to be decided, or on 
some casualty. 

Wa'GER, v. i. To offer a wager. Shak. 

Wa'GERED, pp. Laid ; pledged, as a bet. 

Wa'GER-ER, 71. One who wagers or lays a bet. 

Wa'GER-ING, ppr. Laying; betting. 

Wa'GES, n. [Fr. gage, gages.] 1. Hire; reward; that 
which is paid or stipulated for services, but chiefly for 
services by manual labor, or for military and naval ser- 
vices. We speak of servants' wages, a laborer's wages, 
or soldiers' wages ,• but we never apply the word to the 
rewards given to men in office, which are called fees or 
salary. 2. Reward ; fruit ; recompense ; that which is 
given or received in return. 

WAG'GEL, or WAGIEL, n. A name given in Cornwall to 
the martinazzo, dung-hunter, or dung-bird, a species of 
larus or sea-gull ; (L. parasiticus.) 

WAG'GER-Y, 71. [from wag.] Mischievous merriment; 
sportive trick or gayety ; sarcasm in good humor. 

WAG'GISH, a. 1. Mischievous in sport ; roguish in mer- 
riment or good humor; frolicksome. ^Estrange. 2. 
Done, made or laid in waggery or for sport. 

WAG'GISH- IjY, adv. In a waggish manner ; in sport. 

WAG'GISH-NESS, n. Mischievous sport; wanton merri- 
ment. 

WAG'GLE, V. i. [D. waggelen ; G. wacJceln ; L. vacillo.] 
To waddle ; to reel or move from side to side. /^Estrange 

WAG GLE, v. t. To move one way and the other. 

WAG 'ON, n. [D., G. wagen ; Sw. vagn ; Sax. wmgn, wain.] 
1. A vehicle moved on four wheels, and usually drawn 
by horses ; used for the transportation of heavy commodi 
ties. 2. A chariot; [obs.] 

WAG'ON, V. t. To transport in a wagon. 



* See Sajnopsis. A, E, T. O. tj, ^, long.— FAR. FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;- f Qbsolete. 



WAK 



913 



WAL 



WAO'ON, V. t. To practice the transportation of goods in a 

wagon. 
WA*i'0N-A6E, n. Money paid for carriage in a wagon. 
WAG'ON-ER, 71. 1. One wiio conducts a wagon. 2. A 

c>^nstellatiou, Charles' wain. 
WAG'ON-ING, ppr. Transporting in a wagon. 
WAG'ON-ING, n The business of transporting in a wagon. 
WAG'TaIL, n. A small bird, a species of motacilla. 
\WaW, a. Crushed. Shak. 
WaIF, n. [Norm. wef,weif;from waive.] Goods found, 

of which the owner is not known. 
WaIL, v. t. [Ice. vcula ; It. guaiolare ; Gaelic, guilam, or 

%iaill.'\ To lament; to moan ; to bewail. Pope. 
WaIL, v. i. To weep ; to express sorrow audibly 
WaIL, n. Loud weeping ; violent lamentation. 
WaIL'FUL, a. Sorrowful; mournful. Shak. 
WaIL'ING, ppr. Lamenting with audible cries. 
WaIL'ING. n. Loud cries of sorrow; deep lamentation. 
WAIL'MEIST, 71. Lamentation. Hacket. 
WaIN, n. [Sax. wan ; W. gwain.] 1. A wagon ; a car- 
riage for the transportation of goods on wheels. 2. A 

constellation, Charles' wain. 
WaIN'A6_E, 71. A finding of carriages. Ainsworth. 
WaIN'-BoTE, n. Timber for wagons or carts. Eng. law. 
WaIN'-HOUSE, 71. A house or shed for wagons and carts. 

[Local.'] _Cyc. 
WaIN'-RoPE, 71. A rope for binding a load on a wagon ; a 

cart-rope. Shak. 

* WaIN'SCOT, 71. [D. wagenschot.'] In building, timber- 
work serving to line the walls of a room, being made in 
panels. 

* WaIN'SCOT, v. t. 1. To line with boards ; as, to wainscot 
a hall. 2. To line with different materials. .Mddison. 

* WaIN'SCOT-ED, pp. Lined with boards or panels. 

* WaIN'SCOT-ING, fpr. Lining with boards. 

WAIR, n. A piece of timber two yards long, and a foot 

broad. 
WAIST, 7?. [VV.gwd.sg.] 1. That part of the human body 

which is immediately below the ribs or thorax ; or the 

small part of the body between the tliorax and hips. 2. 

That part of a ship which is between the quarter-deck and 

forecastle. 
WaIST'BAND, 71. The band or upper part of breeches, 

trowsers or pantaloons, which encompasses the waist. 
WaIST'CLOTHS, 71. Coverings of canvas or tarpauling 

for tlie hammocks, stowed on the gangways, between the 

quarter-deck and forecastle. 

* VVaIST'CoAT, 71. [waist and coat.] A short coat or gar- 
ment tor men, extending no lower than the hips, and 
covering the waist ; a vest. 

WaIST'ER, n. In ships, waisters are men who are station- 
ed in the waist in working the ship. Mar Diet. 

WAIT, t;. i. [¥x. guettcr ^ It. guatare j W. g^oeitiaw.] 1. 
To stay or rest in expectation ; to stop or remain station- 
ary, till the arrival of some person or event. 2. To stay 
proceedings, or suspend any business, in expectation of 
some person, event, or the arrival of some hour. 3. To 
rest in expectation and patience. 4. To stay ; not to de- 
part. 5. To stay ; to continue by reason of hinderance. 
6. To lie in ambush, as an enemy. — To wait on or upon, 
to atten J, as a servant ; to perform menial services for.— To 
wait on. 1. To attend ; to go to see ; to visit on business 
or for ceremony. 2. To pay servile or submissive attend- 
ance. 3. To follow, as a consequence. 4. To look 
watchfully. 5. To attend to ; to perform. 6. To be 
ready to serve ; to obey. Ps. xxv. — To wait at, to at- 
tend in service ; to perform service at. 1 Cor. ix. — To 
wait for, to watch, as an enemy. Job xv. 

WAIT, V. t. 1. To stay for ; to rest or remain stationary in 
expectation of the arrival of. 2. To attend ; to accompa- 
ny with sulmission or respect. 3. To attend as a conse- 
quence of something; [obs.] 

WAIT, 71. Ambush. — As a noun, this word is used only in 
certain phrases. — To lie in wait, is to lie in ambush. — To 
lay waif-, to set an ambush. Jer, ix. 

WAIT'ER, 71. 1. One who waits ; an attendant ; a servant 
in attendance. 2. A server ; a vessel on whicli tea-furni- 
ture, &c., is carried. 

WaIT'ING, ppr. Staying in expectation. 

WaIT'ING-MaID, ) 71. An upper servant who attends 

WaIT'ING-WOM-AN, i a lady. 

f WAITS, n. [Goth, wahts.] 1. Itinerant, nocturnal musi- 
cians. 2. Nocturnal musicians who attended great men. 

WAIVJE, n. A woman put out of the protection of the law. 
Cvc. 

WAIVE, 7v t. To put off See Wave. 

WAI'WOD'E, n. In the Turkish empire, the governor of a 
small province or town ; a general. Cyc. 

WAKE, V I. [Goth, wakan; Sax. wcecan; G wachen j D. 
waaken, wekken.] 1. To be awake ; to continue awake ; 
to watch ; not to sleep. 2. To be excited or roused from 
sleep ; to awake ; to be awakened. 3. To cease to sleep ; 
to awake. 4. To be quick ; to be alive or active. 5. To 
be excited from a torpid state ; to be put in motion. 



WAKE, V. t^, 1. To rouse from sleep. 2. To arouse ; to 
excite ; to put in motion or action. 3. To bring to life 
again, as if from the sleep of death. 

WAKE, 71. I. The feast of the dedication of the church, 
formerly kept by watching all night. 2. Vigils ; state of 
forbearing sleep. 3. Act of waKing ; [old song.]— tVuke 
of a ship, the track it leaves in the water, formed Ly the 
meeting of the water. 

WaKE'FUL, a. J. Not sleeping; indisposed to sleep. JDiy 
den. 2. Watchful ; vigilant. 

WaKE'FUL-LY, adv. With watching or sleeplessness. 

WAKE'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Indisposition to sleep. 2. For- 
bearance of sleep ; want of sleep. Bacon. 

WA'KEN, (wa'kn) v. i. [This seems to be the Saxon infin- 
itive retained.] To wake ; to cease to sleep ; to be 
awakened. 

Wa'KEN, (wa'kn) v. t. 1. To excite or rouse from sleep 
2. To excite to action or motion. 3. To excite ; to pro- 
duce ; to rouse into action. 

WA'KENEDj^p. Roused from sleep ; excited into action. 

Wa'KEN-ER, n. One who rouses from sleep. Feltham. 

WA'KEN-ING, ppr. Rousing from sleep or stupidity. 

WA'KER, n. One who watches ; one who rouses from sleep. 

WaKE'-R0B-1N, 71. A plant of the genus arum. 

WaK'ING, ppr. 1. Being awake ; not sleeping. 2. Routing 
from sleep ; exciting into motion or action. 

WAK'ING, n. 1. The period of being awake. 2. Wa.,ch ; 
[obs.] 

WALE, 71 1. In cloth, a ridge or streak rising above the 
rest. 2. A streak or stripe ; the mark of a rod or whip 
on animal flesh. — Wales of a ship, an assemblage of sti on g 
planks, extending along a ship's sides throughout the 
whole length. 

WALE'-KNOT, or WALL'-KNOT, n. A single wale-knot 
is made by untwisting the ends of a rope, and makmg a 
bight with the first strand ; then passing the second over 
the end of the first, and the third over the end of the sec- 
ond, and through the bight of the first. 

WALK, (wauk) v. i. [Sax. icealcan ; D. toalken ; G. icnlkew, 
Sw. valkare ; Dan. valker.] 1. To move slowly on the 
feet ; to step slowly along ; to advance by steps moaei-- 
ately repeated, as animals. 2. To move or go on the feet 
for exercise or amusement. 3. To appear, as a spectre. 
4. To act on any occasion ; [obs.] 5. To be in motion, 
as a clamorous tongue ; [obs.] 6. To act or move on the 
feet in sleep. 71 To range ; to be stirring ; [unusual 1 8. 
To move off; to depart; [not elegant.] — 9. In Scripture, 
to live and act or behave ; to pursue a particular course of 
life. 

WALK, (wauk) v. t. 1. To pass through or upon. 2. To 
cause to walk or step slowly ; to lead, drive or ride with a 
slow pace. 

WALK, (wauk) n. 1. The act of' walking ; the act of mov- 
ing on the feet with a slo^v pace. 2. The act of walking 
for air or exercise. 3. Manner of walking ; gait ; step. 
4. Length of way or circuit through which one walks ; or 
a place for walking. 5. An avenue set with trees, G. 
Way ; road ; range ; place of wandering. 7. Region 
space. 8. Course of life or pursuit. 9. The slowest pace 
of a horse, ox or other quadruped. 10. A fish. — II. In 
the West Indies, a plantation of canes, &c. — A sheep- 
walk, so called, is high and dry land where sheep pasture. 

WALK'A-BLE, (wauk'a-bl) a. Fit to be walked on ; [I. u.] 

WALK'ER, (wauk'er) n. 1. One who walks.— 2. In our 
mother tongue, a fuller. — 3. In late, a forest-officer ap- 
pointed to walk over a certain space for inspection; a 
forester. 4. One who deports himself in a particular 
manner. 5. A fulling-mill; [not in use, or local, ] 

WALK'ING,(wauk'ing)p;>7-. Moving on the legs with a 
slow pace ; moving ; conducting one's self. 

WALK'ING, (wauk'ing) n. The act of moving on the feet 
with a slow pace. 

WALK'ING-STAFF, ) n. A staff or stick carried in the 

WALK'ING-STICK, \ hand for support or amusement 
in walking. 

WALK'-MILL, (wauk'-mill) n. A fulling-mill. [Local.] Cyc. 

WALL, 7z. [L. Valium; Sax. weal; D. wal ; Russ. val ; 
W. gwal.] 1. A work or structure of stone, brick or 
other materials, raised to some height, and intended for a 
defense or security. 2. Walls, in the plural, is used for 
fortifications in general ; works for defense. 3. A de- 
fense ; means of security or protection. 1 Sam. xxv. — To 
take the wall, to take the upper or most honorable place. 

WALL'-€REEP-ER, 71. A small bird of the genus certhia 

WALL'-CRESS, n. [wall and cress.] A plant. 

WALL'- EYE, 71. 1. A disease in the crystaline humor ol 
the eye ; the glaucoma.- 2. In horses, an eye in whicl 
the iris is of a very light grey color. 

WALL'-E-?ED, a. Having white eyes. Johnson. 

WALL'-FLOW-ER, n. [wall and flower.] A plant of th* 
genus cheiranthus ; a species of stock gillyflower. 

WALL'-FRtJIT, 71. [wall and fruit.] Fruit which, to be 
ripened, must be planted against a wall. 

WALL'-LOUSE, n. An insect or small bug. [L. cimex.] 



See Synopsis. 



MOVE, BQOK, DOVE ; 



-BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z • '^F "«" SH : TH as in this, f ObsoMe 



WAJM 



914 



WAR 



WALL'-MOSS, 71. A species of moss growing on walls. 

WALL'-PEN-NY-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus cotyle- 
don. 

WALL'-PEP-PER, n. A plant of the genus sedum. 

WALL'-PlE, n. A plant, a species of asplenium. 

WALL'-RuE, n. An herb. Ainswortk. 

WALL'-SlD-ED, a. Having sides nearly perpendicular. 

WALL'-SPRING, w. a spring of water issuing from strat- 
ified rocks. 

WALL'-WoRT, n. A plant, the dwarf-elder, or danewort. 

WALL, V. t. 1. To inclose with a wall. 2. To defend by 
walls. 3. To fill up with a wall. 

WALLED, fp. Inclosed or fortified with a wall. 

WALL'ER, TO. One who builds walls in the country. 

WALL'ER-ITE, n. A mineral, or variety of clay, 

WAL'LET, n. 1. A bag for carrying the necessaries for a 
journey or march ; a knapsack. 2. Any thing protube- 
rant and swagging. 

WALL'ING, ppr. Inclosing or fortifying with a wall. 

vVALL'ING, 71. Walls in general ; materials for walls. 

WAL'LOP, V. L [G. wallen ; Sax. wealan.] To boil with 
a" continued bubbling or heaving and rolling of the liquor, 
with noise. 

WAL'LOP-ING, pjr: Boiling with a heaving and noise. 

WAL'LoW, V. i. [Sax. wealwian ; Sw. valfva ; Goth, walu- 
gan i G. walzen.] 1. To roll one's body on the earth, in 
mire, or on other substance ; to tumble and roll in water. 
2. To move heavily and clumsily. 3. To live in filth or 
gross vice. 

WAL'LoW, V. t. To roll one's body. Jer. vi. 

WAL'LoW, n. A kind of rolling walk. 

WAL'LoW-ER, 71. One that rolls in mire. 

WAL'LoW-ING, ppr. Rolling the body on any thing. 

!■ WAL'LoW-ISH, a. Filthy. Overbury. 

WAL'NUT, n. [D. walnoot ; Sax. walk and knuta.] A tree 
and its fruit, of the genns juglans. 

WAL'RUS, 71. [G. wall and ross.] The morse or sea-horse, 
an animal of the northern seas. 

WAL'TRON, 71. Another name of the walrus. Woodward. 

Waltz, n. [G. toalzen.] A modern dance and tune, the 
measure of whose music is triple ; three quavers in a bar. 

WAM'BLE, v. i. [D. wemelen ; Dan. vamler.] To be dis- 
turbed with nausea ; as, a wambling stomach ; [vulgar.] 
UEstrange 

WAM'BLE-OROPPED, a. Sick at the stomach. [ Vulgar.] 

WAM-PEE', to. a plant, a species of arum. 

WAM'PUM, 71. Shells or strings of shells, used by the 
American Indians as money or a medium of commerce. 

* WAN, a. [Sax, isan, wann.] Pale ; having a sickly hue ; 
languid of look. Spenser. 

+ WAN, for won ; pret. of win. 

Wand, to. [D. vaand.] 1. A small stick ; a rod. 2. A 
staff of authority. 3. A rod used by conjurers or diviners. 

WAN'DER, v. i. [Sax. wandrian ; D. 2oandelen : G. wan- 
deln.] 1. To rove ; to ramble here and tliere without any 
certam course or object in view. 2. To leave home ; to 
depart J to migrate. 3. To depart from the subject in dis- 
cussion. — 4. In a moral sense, to stray ; to deviate ; to de- 
part from duty or rectitude. 5. To be delirious ; not to 
be under the guidance of reason. 

WAN'DER, V. t. To travel over without a certain course. 

WAN'DER-ER, to. A rambler ; one that roves ; one that 
deviates from dutv. 

WAN'DER-ING, ppr. Roving ; deviating from duty. 

WAN'DER-ING, to. 1. Peregrination ; a traveling without 
a settled course. 2. Aberration ; mistaken way ; devia- 
tion from rectitude. 3. A roving of the mind or thoughts 
from the point or business in which one ought to be en- 
gaged. 4. The roving of the mind in a dream. 5. The 
roving of the mind in delirium. 6. Uncertainty ; want 
of being fixed. 

WAN'DER-ING-LY, adv. In a wandering or unsteady 
manner. 

WAN-DER-OO', TO. A baboon of Ceylon and Malabar. 

WAND'Y, a. Long and flexible, like a wand. Brockett. 

WANE, V. i. [Sax. wanian.] 1. To be diminished ; to 
decrease ; particularly applied to the illuminated part of 
the moon. 2. To decline ; to fail ; to sink. 

t WANE, V. t. To cause to decrease. B. Johnson. 

WANE, TO. 1. Decrease of the illuminated part of the moon, 
to the eye of a spectator. 2. Decline ; failure ; diminu- 
tion ; decrease ; declension. 

WANG, 11. [Sax. wang, weng, wong.] I. The jaw, jaw- 
bone or cheek-bone j [little used.] 9 [Sax sceo-thwang.] 
The latchetof a shoe ; [ohs.] 

WANG '-TOOTH, TO. A jaw-tooth. Cyc. 

t WAN'HoPE, TO. Want of hope. 

WAN'HORN, TO. A plant of the genus kacmpferia. 

WAN'ING, ppr. Decreasing ; failing ; declining. 

WAN'KLE, a. Weak ; unstable ; changeable ; not to be 
depended upon. Qrose. 

WAN'LY, adx. In a pale manner ; palely 

WANNED, a. IVIade wan or pale. Shak. 

WAN'NESS, n. Paleness j a sallow, dead pale color. 



WAN'NISH, a. Somewhat wan ; of a pale hue. Faxrfar., 

WANT, TO. [Sax. wan, wanian ; Goth, wan.] 1. Defi- 
ciency ; defect ; the absence of that which is neces- 
sary or useful. 2. Need ; necessity ; the effect of defi- 
ciency. 3. Poverty ; penury ; indigence. 4. The state 
of not having. 5. That which is nut possessed, but i3 
desired or necessary for use or pleasure. 6. A mole. 

WANT, V. t. 1. To be destitute ; to be deficient in ; not to 
have. 2. To be defective or deficient in. 3. To fall 
short ; not to contain or have. 4. To be without. 5. To 
need ; to have occasion for, as useful, proper or requisite. 
6. To wish for ; to desire. 

WANT, V. i. 1. To be deficient ; not to be sufficient. 2. 
To fail ; to be deficient 3 to be lacking. 3. To be missed , 
not to be present. 4. To fall short ; to be lacking. 

WANT'AGE, TO. Deficiency ; that which is wanting. 

WANT'ED, pp. Needed ; desired. 

WANT'ING, p;)^. 1. Needing 5 lacking; desiring. 2. a 
Absent ; deficient. 3. Slack ; deficient. 

WANT'LESS, a. Having no want ; abundant ; fruitful. 

WAN'TON, a. [W. gwantan.] 1. Wandering or roving in 
gayety or sport ; sportive ; frolicksome ; darting aside, or 
one way and the other. 2. Moving or flying loosely, 
playing in the wind. 3. Wandering from moral rectitude ; 
licentious ; dissolute ; indulging in sensuaUty without 
restraint. — 4. More appropriately, deviating from the 
rules of chastity ; lewd ; lustful ; lascivious ; libidinous. 

5. Disposed tounchastity ; indicating wantonness. Is. iii. 

6. Loose ; unrestrained ; running to excess. 7. Luxuriant; 
overgrown. 8. Extravagant. 9. Not regular; not turned 
or formed with regularity. 

WAN'TON, TO. 1. A lewd person ; a lascivious man or 
woman. South. 2. A trifler; an insignificant flutterer. 

3. A word of slight endearment ; [I. u.] B. Johnson. 
WAN'TON, V. i. 1. To rove and ramble without restraint, 

rule or limit ; to revel : to play loosely. 2. To ramble in 
lewdness ; to play lasciviously. 3. To move briskly and 
irregularly. 

t WAN'TON, V. t. To make wanton. Feltham. 

WAN'TON-ING, ppr. Roving ; flying loosely ; playing 
without restraint ; indulging in licentiousness. 

t WAN'TON-IZE, V. i. To behave wantonly. 

WAN'TON-LY, adv. Loosely ; without regularity or re- 
straint : sportively ; gayly ; playfully ; lasciviously. 

WAN'TON-NESS, to. 1. Sportiveness ; gayety ; frolick- 
soraeness ; waggery. 2. Licentiousness; negligence of 
restraint. 3. Lasciviousness ; lewdness. Pet. ii. 

WANT'-WIT, TO. [jcant and wit.] One destitute of wit or 
sense ; a fool. [JVoi in much use.] Shak. 

WAN'TY, TO. [D. want.] A broad strap of leather, used for 
binding a load upon the back of a beast. [Local.] Tusser. 

WAP'A-€UT, TO. The spotted owl of Hudson's bay. 

t WaPED, a. Dejected ; cast down ; crushed by misery. 

WAP'EN-TAKE, } to. [Sax. wwpen-tac.] In some northern 

WAP'EN-TA€, ) cojinties of England, a division or dis 
trict, answering to the hundred or cantred in other coun- 
ties. The name was first given to the meeting. Black- 
stone. 

WAPP, TO. In a ship, the rope with which the shrouds are 
set taught in wale-knots. Cyc. 

WAP'PE, TO. A species of cur, so called from his voice. 

WAP'PER, TO. A fish ; a species of the river-gudgeon. 

WAP'PER. See Whapper. 

War, TO. [Sax. war; Fr. guerre; It., Sp., Port, guerra.] 
i." A contest between nations or states, carried on by force. 
When war is commenced by attacking a nation in peace, 
it is called an offensive war, and such attack is aggressive 
When war is undertaken to repel invasion or the attacks 
of an enemy, it is called defensive. — 2. In poetical lan- 
guage, instruments of war. — 3. Poetically, forces ; arnvy 

4. The profession of arms ; art of war. 5. Hostility , 
state of opposition or contest ; act of opposition. G. En- 
mity; disposition to contention. — Man of war, in naval 
affairs, a ship of large size. 

WAR, V. i. 1 . To make war ; to invade or attack a nation 
or state with force of arms ; to carry on hostilities ; or to 
be in a state of contest by violence. 2. To contend ; to 
strive violently ; to be in a state of opposition. 

WAR, V. t. 1. To make war upon ; [obs.] 2 To carry on 
a contest. 

WAR'-BeAT, I a. [war and beat.] Worn down in 

WAR'-BeAT-EN, S war. J. Barlow. 

WAR'BLE, 7?. t. [G.wirbehi; Ban. hvirvler.] 1. To qua- 
ver a sound or the voice ; to modulate with turns or va 
riaMons. 2. To cause to quaver. 3. To ulter musically 
to be modulated. 

WAR'BLE, V. i. 1. To be quavered or modulated. 2. To 
be uttered melodiously. 3. To sing. 

WAR'BLE, TO. A song. Oray. 

WAR'BLED,pp. Q-uavered ; modulated ; uttered musically. 

WAR'BLER, TO. 1. A singer; a songster; used of birds. 2. 
The common name of a genus of small birds. 

WAR'BLE.?, TO. In farriery, small, hard tumors on the backs 
of horses. 



* See Synopsis. K, g, T, 0, t?, ^, long -FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 



WAR 



915 



WAR 



W AR'BIANG, ppr. 1. Quavering the voice; modulating 

notes ; singing. 2. a. Filled with musical notes. 
WAR'BLING, 71. The act of shaking or modulating notes ; 

singing. 
WAED, in composition^ as in toward, homeward, is the Sax. 

weard, from the root of L. verto, &c. It corresponds to 

the L. versiis. 
WARD,v.t. [B3lX. weardian ; Sw. varda ; Ban. vcBrffer.] 

1. To guard ; to keep in safety ; to watch ; [obs.] 

2. To defend; to protect; [obs.] 3. To fend off; 
to repel ; to turn aside any thing mischievous that ap- 
proaches. 

WARD, V. i. 1. To be vigilant ; to keep guard ; [obs.] 2. 
To act on the defensive with a weapon. 

WARD, 71. 1 Watch; act of guarding. 2. Garrison ; troops 
to defend a fort ; [obs.] 3. Guard made by a weapon 
in fencing. 4. A tbrtress ; a strong hold. 5. One whose 
bubiness is to guard, watch and defend ; as, a Rre-ward. 
6. A certain district, division or quarter of a town or city, 
committed to an alderman. 7. Custody ; confinement 
under guard. 8. A minor or person under the care of a 
guardian. 9. The state of a child under a guardian. 10. 
Guardianship ; right over oi-phans. 11. The division of 
a forest. 12. The division of a hospital. 13. The part 
of a lock wliich corresponds to its proper key. 

WARD'ED,^^. Guarded. 

WARD'EX, n. 1. A keeper; a guardian. 2. An officer 
who keeps or guards ; a keeper. 3. A large pear. — Ward- 
en of the Cinque Ports, in England, an officer or magistrate 
who has the jurisdiction of a port or haven. — Warden of 
a university is the master or president. 

WARD'ER, 71. 1. A keeper ; a guard. 2- A truncheon by 
which an officer of arms forbade fight. Shak. — Warders of 
the tower, officers who attend state prisoners. 

WARD'MOTE, 71. [ward, and Sax. mote.] In law, a court 
lield in each ward in London. 

WARD'-ROBE, n. [ward and robe ; Fr. garde-robe.] 1. A 
room or apartment where clothes or wearing apparel is 
kept. 2. Wearing apparel in general. 

WARD'-ROOM, 71. [ward and room.] In a ship, a room 
over the gun-room, where the lieutenants and other prin- 
cipal officers sleep and mess. 

WARD'SHIP, 71. 1. Guardianship ; care and protection of a 
ward. 2. Right of guardianship. 3. Pupilage ; state of 
being under a guardian. 

WARD' -STAFF, n. A constable's or watchman's staff. 

t Ware, pret. of wear. It is now written wore. 

f WARE, a. [Sax. war ; Dan. veer. We never now use 
Ma?-e, by itself. But we use it in aware , beware, and in 
wary.] 1. Being in expectation of ; provided against. 2 
Tim. iv. 2. Wary ; cautious. Milton. 

fWARE, ^), i. To take heed of. Dryden. 

WARE, V. t. ; pret. wore. To cause a ship to change her 
course from one board to the other, by turning her stern 
to the wind. 

WARE, 71. ; plu. Wares. [Sax. ware ; D. waar ; G. waare ; 
Sw.vara; Dan. vare.] Goods; commodities; merchan- 
dise. — Sea ware, a marine plant, a species of fucus. Lee. 

WARE, V. t. To loare one's money, i. e. to bestow it well, 
to lav it out in ware. Grose. 

tWARE'FUL, a. Wary; watchful; cautious. 

+ WARE'FUL-NESS, n. Weariness ; cautiousness. 

WARE'HOUSE, n. A storehouse for goods. Addison. 

WARE'HOUSE, v. t. To deposit or secure in a ware- 
house. 

WARE'HOUSED, pp. Placed in a store for safe keeping. 

WARE'HOUS-ING, ppr. Repositing in a store for safe 
keeping. 

fWARE'LESS, a. 1. Unwary; incautious. 2. Suffered 
unawares. 

fWARE'LY, adu. Cautiously. See Warily. 

WAR'FARE, n. [loar, and fare. Sax. faran.] 1. Military 
service ; military life ; war. 2. Contest ; struggle with 
spiritual enemies. 

WAR'FARE, V. i. To lead a military life ; to carry on 
continual wars. [Little used.] Camden. 

t WAR'HA-BLE, a. [war, and L. habilis.] Fit for war. 
Spenser. 

WAR'HOOP, 71. [war and hoop.] The savage yell of war ; 
a'yell uttered on entering into battle. 

WA'RI-LY, adv. [from wary.] Cautiously ; with timor- 
ous pnidence or wise foresight. Hooker. 

WAR'INE, n. A species of monkey of South America. 

WA'RI-NESS, n. Caution ; prudent care to foresee and 
guard against evil. 

W ARK, 71. Work; a building. Spenser. [It is obsolete, ex- 
cept in bulwark.] 

WAR'L,TKE,ffl. 1. Fit for war; disposed for war. 2. Mili- 
tary ; pertaining to war. 3. Having a martial appearance. 
4. Having the appearance of war. 

WAR'LIKE-NESS, n. A warliKe disposition or character. 
[Little used.] Sandys. 

■fWAR'LING, n. One often quarreled with ; a word coined 
perhaps to rhyme with darling. Camden 



t WAR'LOCK, ) n [wcer-loga ; Ice. vard-lookr.i A male 

t WAR'LUCK, ] witch ; a wizard. Dryden. 

WARM, a. [Goth., D., G, warm ; Sax. wearm; Siv., Dan. 
varm.] 1. Having heat in a moderate degree ; not cold. 
2. Subject to heat ; having prevalence of heat, or little or 
no winter. 3. Zealous ; ardent. 4. Habitually ardent oi 
passionate ; keen ; irritable. 5. Easily excited or pro- 
voked ; irritable. 6. Violent ; furious. 7. Busy in ac- 
tion ; heated in action ; ardent. 8. Fanciful ; enthusias- 
tic. 9. Vigorous ; sprightly. 

WARM, V. t. [Sax. wearmian ; Goth, warmyan.] I. To 
communicate a moderate degree of heat to. 2. To make 
engaged or earnest ; to interest ; to engage. 

WARM, V. i. 1. To become moderately heated. 2 To 
become ardent or animated. 

WARMED, pp. Moderately heated ; made ardent ; excited 

WARM'IjNG, ppr. Making moderately hot ; making ardent 
or zealous. 

WARM'ING-PAN, n. A covered pan with a long handle 
for warming a bed with ignited coals. 

WARMING-STONE, n. [warm and stone.] A stone dug in 
Cornwall, which retains heat a great while. 

WARM'LY, adv. 1. With gentle heat. Milton. 2. Eagerly 
earnestly ; ardently. 

WARM'NESS, ; n. 1. Gentle heat. 2. Zeal ; ardor ; fer- 

WARMTH, \ vor. 3. Earnestness ; eagerness. 4. Ex- 
citement ; animation. 5. Fancifulness ; enthusiasm. — 6. 
In painting, the fiery effect given to a red color by a small 
addition of yellow. 

Warn, v.t. [Sa.x.warnian;S'W.varna; G. warnen.] 1. 
To give notice of approaching or probable danger or evil, 
that it may be avoided ; to caution against any thing that 
may prove injurious. 2. To caution against evil practices. 
1 Thess. V. 3. To admonish of any duty. 4. To inform 
previously ; to give notice to. 5. To notify by authority ; 
to summon. 6. To ward off; [obs.] 

WARNED, pp. Cautioned against danger ; admonished of 
approaching evil ; notified. 

WARN'ER, 71. An admonisher. 

WARN'ING, ppr. Cautioning against danger; admonish- 
ing ; giving notice to ; summoning to meet or appear. 

WARN'ING, 71. 1. Caution against danger, or against faults 
or evil practices which incur danger. 2. Previous notice. 

WAR'-OF-FiCE, 71. An office in which the military affairs 
of a country are superintended and managed. 

WARP, n. [Sax. wearp ; D. werp.] 1. In manufactures, the 
threads which are extended lengthwise in the loom, and 
crossed by the woof. — 2. In a ship, a rope employed in 
drawing, towing or removing a ship or boat ; a towing- 
line. — 3. In agriculture, a slrniy substance deposited on 
land by marine tides, by which a rich alluvial soil is 
formed; [local.] Cyc. — 4. In co705, a miscarriage ; [local.] 

WARP, V. i. [Sax. weorpan, wurpan, wyrpan ; G. werfen ; 
D. werpen.] 1. To turn, twist or be twisted out of a straight 
direction. 2. To turn or incline from a straight, true or 
proper course ; to deviate. 3. To fiy with a bending or 
waving motion : to turn and wave, like a flock of birds or 
insects. 4. To slink ; to cast the young prematurely ; as 
cows ; [local.] 

WARP, V. t. 1. To turn or twist out of shape, or out of a 
straight direction, by contraction. 2. To turn aside from 
the true direction ; to cause to bend or incline ; to pervert. 
— 3. In seamen's language, to tow or move with a line or 
warp, attached to buoys, to anchors or to other ships, &c 
by which means a ship is drawn, usually in a bending 
course or with various turns. — 4. In rural economy, to cast 
the young prematurely ; [local.] — 5. In o^?-7CMZiMre, to in- 
undate, as land, with sea- water ; or to let in the tide, for 
the purpose of fertilizing the ground by a deposit of warp 
or slimy substance ; [local ; Eng.] — 6. In rope-making, to 
run the yarn off the winches' into hauls to be tarred. — To 
warp icater, in Shakspeare, is forced and unusual. 

WARPED, pp. Twisted by shrinking or seasoning ; per- 
verted ; moved with a warp ; overflowed. 

WARP'ING, ppr. Turning or twisting ; causing to incline ; 
perverting ; moving with a warp ; enriching by overflow- 
ing with tide-water. 

WARP'ING-BANK, n. A bank or mound of earth raised 
round a field for retaming the water let in from the sea. 
[Local.] Cyc. 

W X Ip/TNc'S ATCH^' I «• ^ flood-gate to let in tide-water 
WxiFmGlsLmcl: \ upon land. LZ.caL] 
WARP'ING-€UT, ) n. An open passage or channel 

WARP'ING-DRaIN, > for discharging the water frow 
WAEP'ING-GUT-TER, ) lands inundated. [Local.] 
WARP'ING-HOOK, n. A hook used by rope-makers fo} 
hanging the yarn on, when warping into hauls for tarring 
WARP'ING-PoST, 71. A strong post used in warpmg rop& 

yarn. 
WAR'PROOF, n. [war and proof.] Valor tried by war. 
WAR'RANT, v.t. [Gaelic, barantas, baranta ; W. gwaran- 
til, gwarant ; Norm, garranty ; Fr. garantir.] 1. To au- 
thorize ; to give authority or power to do or forbear any 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE .— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



WAS 



91G 



WAS 



thing, by which the person authorized is secured or saved 
harmless from any loss or damage by the act. 2. To main- 
tain ; to support by autliority or proof. 3. To justify. 
4. To secure J to exempt 3 to privilege. 5. To declare 
with assurance. — 6. In lata, to secure to a gran.tee an 
estate granted 5 to assure. 7. To secure to a purcnaser of 
goods the title to the same ; or to indemnify him against 
loss. 8. To secure to a purchaser the good quality of the 
goods sold ; see Warranty. 9. To assure that a thing is 
what it appears to be, which implies a covenant to make 
good any defect or loss incurred by it. 

WAR'RAJMT, n. 1. An act, instrument or obligation, by 
which one person authorizes another to do something 
which he has not otherwise a right to do ; an act or in- 
strument investing one with a right or authority. 2. A 
precept authorizing an officer to seize an oftender and 
bring him to justice. 3. Authority ; power that author- 
izes or justifies any act. 4. A commission that gives au- 
thority, or that justifies. 5. A voucher; that which 
attests or proves, 6. Right; legality; [obs.\ 7. A writ- 
ing which authorizes a person to receive money or other 
thing. 

WAR'RANT-A-BLE, a. Authorized by commission, pre- 
cept or right ; justifiable ; defensible. 

WAR'RAJN'T-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being justi- 
fiable. Sidney. 

WAR'RANT-A-BLY, adv. In a manner that may be justi- 
fied ; justifiably. Wake. 

WAR'RANT-ED, pp. Authorized ; justified ; secured ; as- 
sured by covenant or by implied obligation. 

WAR-RAN-TEE', n. The person to whom land or other 
thing is warranted. Ch. Justice Parsons. 

WAR'RANT-ER, n. 1. One who gives authority, or legally 
empowers. 2. One who assures, or covenants to assure ; 
one who contracts to secure another in a right, or to make 
good any defect of title or quality 

VVAR'RANT-ING, ppr. 1. Authorizing ; empowering. 2. 
Assuring ; securing to another a right, or covenanting to 
make good a defect of title in lands, or of quality in 
goods. 

tWAR'RAN-TlSE, 71. Authority; security. Shak. 

WAR'RANT-OR, n. One who warrants. 

WAR'RAN-TY, n. 1. In law, a prismise or covenant by 
deed, made by the bargainer for hiniself and his heirs, to 
warrant or secure the bargainee and his heirs against all 
men in the enjoyment of an estate or other thing granted. 
2. Authority ; justificatory mandate or precept. 3. Se- 
curity. 

WAR'RAN-TY, v. t. To warrant ; to guaranty. 

+ WAR-RaY', t>. t. [Ft. guerroyei-.] To make war upon. 

t WARRE, a. [Sax. wcerra, for wwrsa.] Worse. Spenser. 

WAR'REN, 71. [Fr. garenne ; D. loaarandc.] 1. A piece of 
ground appropriated to the breeding and preservation of 
rabbits. — 2. In law, a franchise or place privileged by pre- 
scription or grant from the king, for keeping beasts and 
fowls. 3. A place for keeping fish in a river. 

WAR'REN-ER, n. The keeper of a warren. Johnson. 

WAR'RI-AN-GLE, n. A hawk. Ainsicorth. 

* WAR'RIOR, n. [from war ; Fr. guerrier ; It. guerriere.] 
1. in a general sense, a soldier ; a man engaged in mili- 
tary life. — 2. Emphatically, a brave man ; a good sol- 
dier. 

WAR'RIOR-ESS, n. A female warrior. Spenser. 

WART, 71. [Sax. weart ; D.wrat; G. warzs ; S\v. varta.] 
iV A hard excrescence on the skin of animals, which is 
covered with the production of the cuticle. 2. A protu- 
berance on trees. 

WART'ED, a. In botany, having little knobs on the surface ; 
ven'ucose •, as, a wartcd capsule. Martini. 

WART'WoRT, 71. A plant of the genas euphorbia. 

WART'Y, a. 1. Having warts ; full of warts ; overgrown 
with warts. 2. Of the nature of warts. 

WAR'-WoRN, a. Worn with military service. 

WA'RY, a. [Sax. 7C(£r ; Ice. var.] Cautions of danger; 
carefully watching and guarding against deception, arti- 
fices and dangers; scrupulous; timorously prudent. 

WAS, the past tense of the substantive verb ; Sax., Goth. 
wesan ; L. esse, for vesse, to be, to exist ; whence Eng. is, 
in the piesent tense, and was in the past ; a-s, I jcas. 

WASE, n A wreath of straw or cloth upon the head to re- 
lieve the pressure of burdens. Cooper. 

WASH, V. t. [Sax- lomscan ,• G. waschen ,• D. wasschen.] 1. 
To cleanse by ablution, or by rubbing in water. 2. To 
wet ; to fall on and moisten. 3. To overflow. 4. To 
overflow or dash against ; to cover with water. 5. To 
scrub in water. 6. To separate extraneous matter from. 
— 7. In painting, to lay a color over any work with a 
pencil, to give it the proper tints, and make it appear more 
natural. 8. To rub over with some liquid substance. 9. 
To squeeze and cleanse in water. 10. To cleanse by a 
current of water. 11. To overlay with a thin coat of 
metal. 12. To purify from the pollution of sin. 

WASH, V. i. 1. To perform the act of ablution. 2 Kings v. 
2'. To perform the business of cleansing clothes in water ; 



to rinse printed calicoes, to dissolve and remove the gum 
and paste. 

WASH, n. 1. Alluvial matter; substances collected and 
deposited by water. 2. A bog ; a marsh ; a fen. 3. A 
cosmetic. 4. A lotion ; a medical liquid preparation for 
external application. 5. A superficial stain or color. 6. 
Waste liquor of a kitchen for hogs. 7. The act of wash- 
ing the clothes of a family ; or the whole quantity washed 
at once. — 8. With distillers, the fermentable liquor made 
by dissolving the proper subject for fermentation and dis- 
tillation in common water. 9. The shallow part of a river, 
or arm of the sea. 10. The blade of an oar ; the thin part, 
which enters the water, and by whose impulse the boat is 
moved. 11. The color laid on a picture to vary its tints. 
12. A substance laid on boards or other work for beauty 
or preservation. 13. A thin coat of metal. 14. In the IF. 
Indies, a mixture of dunder, molasses, water and scum- 
mings, for distillation. 

WASH, a. Weak ; washy. Beaumont and Fletcher. 

WASH'-BALL, n. [wash and ball.] A ball of soap, to be 
used in washing the hands or face. 

WASH'-BoARD, n. 1. A broad, thin plank, fixed occasion- 
ally on the top of a boat or other small vessel's side, to 
prevent the sea from breaking over ; also, a piece of plank 
on the sill of a lower deck port for the same purpose. 2. 
A board in a room next to the floor. 

WASHED, pp. 1. Cleansed in water ; purified. 2. Over- 
flowed ; dashed against with water. 3. Covered over 
with a thin coat, as of metal. 

WASH'ER, 71. 1. One who washes. 2. An iron ring be- 
tween the nave of a wheel and the linch-pin. 

WASH'ER-W^OM-AN, 71. A woman that washes clothes 
for others or for hire. 

WASH'ING, ppr. Cleansing with water ; purifying ; over- 
flowing ; overspreading. 

WASH'ING, 71. 1. The act of cleansing with water ; ablu- 
tion. Heb. ix. 2. A wash ; or the clothes washed. 

WASH'ING-MA-CHINE', n. A machine used in washing. 

WASH'-POT, 71. A vessel in which anything is washed. 
Coicley. 

WASH'-STAND, n. A small table or frame on which a 
vessel is placed to be used in washing the hands or face. 

WASH'-TUB, 71. A tub in which clothes are washed. 

WASH'Y, a. 1. Watery; damp; soft. 2. Weak; not solid. 
3', Weak ; not firm or hardy ; liable to sweat profusely 
with labor. JVeio England. 

* WASP, n. [Sax. wcesp, or weeps ; D. wesp ; G. wespe ; L. 
vespa.] In_entomology, a genus of stinging insects. 

WASP'-FLy, 71. A species of fly resembling a wasp. 

WASP'ISH, a. Snappish ; petulant ; irritable ; irascible ; 
quick to resent any trifling afferent. Pope. 

WASP'ISH-LY, adv. Petulantly ; in a snappish manner. 

WASP'ISH-NESS, 71. Petulance; irascibility; snappish- 
riess. 

WAS'SAIL, (wos'sel) n. [Sax. W(BS-hcel.] 1. A liquor made 
of apples, sugar and ale, formerly much used by English 
good-fellows. 2. A drunken bout. 3. A merry song. 

WAS'SAIL, V. i. To hold a merry, drinking meeting. 

WAS'SAIL-BoWL, 71. A bowl for holding wassail. 

WAS'SAIL-€UP, n. A cup in which wassail was carried to 
the company. Cyc. 

WAS'SAIL-ER, 71. A toper ; a drunkard. Milton. 

WAST, past tense of the substantive verb, in the second 
person ; as, thou wast. 

Waste, v. t. [Sax. westan, awestan ; G. verwiisten ; D. 
veriDoesten ; L. vasto.] 1 To diminish by gradual dissipa- 
tion or loss. 2. To cause to be lost ; to destroy by scat- 
tering or by injury. 3. To expend without necessity or 
use ; to destroy wantonly or luxuriously ; to squander ; to 
cause to be lost through wantonness or negligence. 4. To 
destroy in enmity ; to desolate. 5. To suffer to be lost 
unnecessarily ; or to throw away. 6. To destroy by vio- 
lence. 7. To impair strength gradually. 8. To lose in 
idleness or misery ; to wear out. 9. To spend ; to con- 
sume. — 10. In law, to damage, impair or injure, as an 
estate, voluntarily, or by suffering the buildings, fences, 
&c. to go to decay. 11. To exhaust ; to be consumed by 
time or mortality. 12. To scatter and lose for want of 
u^e or of occupiers. 

Waste, v. i. l. To dwindle ; to be diminished ; to lose 
bulk or substance gradually. 2. To be diminished or lost 
by slow dissipation, consumption or evaporation. 3. To 
be consumed by time or mortality. 

Waste, a. l. Destroyed; ruined. 2. Desolate; uncuUi- 
vated. 3. Destitute ; stripped ; as, lands laid wo.ste. — 4. 
Superfluous ; lost for want of occupiers. 5. Worthless ; 
that which is rejected, or used only for mean purpeses. 
6. That of which no account is taken, or of which no 
value is found ; as, waste paper. 7. Uncultivated ; un- 
tilled ; unproductive. — Laid waste, desolated ; ruined. 

Waste, n. l. The act or squandering ; the dissipation of 
property through wantonness, ambition, extra \'agance 
luxury or negligence. 2. Consumption; loss; useless ex- 
pense ; any loss or destruction which is neither necessary 



=» Se» Synapsis, a, E, f, 6, U, Y, lone;.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— j Obsoltte. 



WAT 



917 



WAT 



nor promotive of a good end. 3. A desolate or unculti- 
vated country. 4. Land untilled, though capable of til- 
lage. 5. Ground, space or place unoccupied. 6. Region 
ruined and deserted. 7. Mischief; destruction.— 8, In 
law, spoil, destruction or injury done to houses, woods, 
fences, lands, &c., by a tenant for life or for years, to the 
prejudice of the heir, or of him in reversion or remainder. 

WlST'ED, pp. 1. Expended without necessity or use ; lost 
through negligence ; squandered. 2. Diminished ; dissi- 
pated , evaporated ; exhausted. 3. Desolated ; ruined ; 
destroyed. 

WaSTE'FUL, a. 1. Lavish ; prodigal ; expending proper- 
ty, or that which is valuable, without necessity or use. 
2. Destructive to property ; ruinous. 3. Desolate ; unoc- 
cupied ; untilled; uncultivated. 

WaSTETUL-LY, adv. In a lavish manner; with prodi- 
gality ; in useless expenses or consumption. Dryden. 

WaSI'E'FUL-NESS, n. Lavishness ; prodigality ; the act 
or practice of expending what is valuable without neces- 
sky or use. 

WaSTE'-GATE, n. A gate to let the water of a pond pass 
oif when it is not wanted. Cyc. 

WAS'TEL, n. A particular sort of bread ; fine bread. 

WASTE'NESS, n. A desolate state ; solitude. 

WaST'ER, 11. 1. One who is prodigal ; one who squanders 
property ; one who consumes extravagantly or without 
use. 2. A kind of cudgel. 

WaSTE'THRIFT, 71. [waste and thrift.] A spendthrift. 

WaSTE'-Wi-ER, n. An overfall or wier for the super- 
fluous water of a canal. Cyc. 

WAST'ING,^j>r. 1. Lavishing prodigally; expending or 
consuming without use ; diminishing by slow dissipation ; 
desolating ; laying waste, 2. a. Dijuinishing by dissipa- 
tion or by great destruction. 

Wastrel, n. a state of waste or common. [Local.] 

WaST'REL, ) 71. Waste substances ; any thing cast 

WaST'0-REL, \ away as bad. [Local,] Cyc. 

Watch, n. [Sax. wacca ,- Sw. vacht, or vakt, vachta ; Dan. 
vagt.] 1. Forbearance of sleep. 2. Attendance without 
sleep. 3. Attention ; close observation. 4. Guard ; vigi- 
lance for keeping or protecting against danger. 5. A 
v/atchman, or watchmen ; men set for a guard, either one 
person or more, set to espy the approach of an enemy or 
other danger, and to give an alarm or notice of such dan- 
ger ; a sentinel ; a guard. 6. The place where a guard is 
kept. 7. Post or office of a watchman. 8. A period of 
the night, in which one person or one set of persons stand 
as sentinels ; or the time from one relief of sentinels to 
another. 9. A small time-piece or chronometer, to be 
carried in the pocket or about the person, in which the 
machinery is moved by a spring. — 10. At sea, the space 
of time during which one set or division of the crew re- 
main on deck to perform the necessary duties. This is 
different in different nations. — To be'on the watch, to he 
looking steadily for some event. 

WATCH, V. i. [P.'ax. loacian, wmcan ; G. wachen.] 1. To be 
awake ; to be or continue without sleep. 2. To be atten- 
tive ; to look with attention or steadiness. 3. To look 
with expectation. 4. To keep guard ; to act as sentinel ; 
to look for danger. 5. To be attentive ; to be vigilant in 
preparation for an event or trial, the time of whose arrival 
is uncertain. 6. To be insidiously attentive ; as, to watch 
for an opportunity to injure another. 7. To attend on the 
sick during the night. — To watch over, to be cautiously 
observant of. 

WATCH, V. t. I. To guard ; to have in keeping. 2. To 
observe in ambush ; to lie in wait for. 3. To tend ; to 
guard . 4. To observe in order to detect or prevent, or for 
some particular purpose. 

WATCHED, pp. Guarded; observed with steady vigilance. 

WATCH'ER, 71. 1. One who sits up or continues awake; 
particularly, one who attends upon the sick during the 
night. 2. A dilicent observer ; [obs.] 

tWATCH'ET, a. [Sax. iDcFced.] Pale or light blue. Bryden. 

WaTCH'FUL, a. Vigilant ; attentive ; careful to observe ; 
observant ; cautious. 

WATCH'FUL-LY, adv. Vigilantly ; heedfully ; with care- 
ful observation of the approach of evil, or attention to 
duty. 

WATCH'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Vigilance ; heedfulness ; heed ; 
suspicious attention ; careful and diligent observation. 
2». Wakefulness ; indisposition or inability to sleep. 

WATCH'-GLS.SS, n. 1. In ships, a half-hour glass, used to 
measure the time of a watch on deck. 2. A concavo-con- 
vex glass for covering the face or dial of a watch. 

WATCH'-HOUSE, n. [watch and house.] A,house in which 
a watch or guard is placed. Oay. 

WATCH'ING,ppr. Being awake; guarding; attending the 
sick ; carefully observing. 

WATCH'ING, n. Wakefulness ; inability to sleep. 

WATCH'-LIGHT, n. A candle with a rush wick. Addison. 

WATCH'Ma-KER, n. [icatch and maker.] One whose oc- 
cupation is to make and repair watches. 

WATCH'MAN, n. A sentinel ; a guard. Swift. 



WATCH'TOW-ER, n. A tower on which a sentinel is 
placed to watch for enemies or the approach of danger. 

WATCH'WoRD, 71. The word given to sentinels, and to 
such as have occasion to visit the guards, used as a signal 
by which a friend is known from an enemy, or a person 
who has a right to pass the watch, from one who has 
not. 

WA'TER, 71. [Sax. water, was ; D. water ; G. wasser , 
Dan. voter ; Sw. vatten ; Goth, wato.] 1. A fluid, the 
most abundant and most necessary for living beings of 
any in nature, except air. Water, when pure, is colorless, 
destitute of taste and smell, ponderous, transparent, and 
in a very small degree compressible. 2. The ocean; a 
sea ; a lake ; a river ; any great collection of water ; as in 
the phrase, to go by icater. 3. Urhie. 4, The color or 
lustre of a diamond or pearl, sometimes perhaps of othet 
precious stones; as, a diamond of the first water, that is, 
perfectly pure and transparent. 5. Water is a name given 

to several liquid substances or humors in animal bodies 

To hold water, to be sound or tight ; [obsolete or vulgar.] 

WA'TER-BEaR'ER, 71. [water and Nearer.] In astronomy, 
a sign of the zodiac, called, also, .Aquarius. 

WA'TER-BEL'LoWS, n. [water and bellows.] A machine 
for blowing air into a furnace, by means of a column of 
water falling through a vertical tube. 

WA'TER-BoRNE, pp. Borne by the water; floated; hav- 
ing water sufficient to float. Smollett. 

WA'TER-€AL'A-MINT, n. A species of mint or mentha. 

WA'TER-CAR'RIAGE, 71. 1. I'ransportation or convey- 
ance by water ; or the means of transporting by water. 
2. A vessel or boat ; [obs.] 

WA'TER-CART, n. A cart bearing a large cask of water 
which is conveyed into a cylinder full of holes, by means 
of which the water is sprinkled upon the ground. 

WA'TER-CLOCK, n. The clepsydra; an instrument or 
machine serving to measure time by the fall of a certain 
quantity of water. 

WA'TER-CLOS'ET, n. A closet or apartment for washing 
or other purposes of cleanliness. 

WA'TER-COL'OR, n. Water-colors, in painting or limning, 
are colors diluted and mixed with gum-water. 

WA'TER-CoURSE, ?i. [ivater and course.] 1. A stream 
of water; a river or brook. /5. xliv. 2. A channel or 
canal for the conveyance of water, particularly in drain 
ing lands, 

WA'TER-CRESS, n. [water and cress.] A small creeping 
plant or weed growing in watery p\aces. Cyc. 

WA'TER-CRoW'FOOT, 71. [water and crowfoot.] Apian; 
on which cows are 'said to be fond of feeding. 

WA'TER-DROP, n. [water and drop.] A drop of water. 

WA'TER-DROP'WORT, n. A plant. Lee. 

WA'TER-EL'E-PHANT, n. A name given to the hippo- 
potamus. 

WA'TER-EN'GlNE, n. [water and engine.] An engine ti 
raise water ; or an engine moved by water. 

WA'TER-FALL, n. A fall or perpendicular descent of the 
water of a' river or stream, or a descent nearly perpendic- 
ular ; a cascade ; a cataract. But the word is generally 
used of the fall of a small river or rivulet. 

WA'TER-FLAG, n. Water flower-de-luce. 

WA'TER-FLoOD, n. [water and flood.] A flood of water 
an inundation. 

WA'TER-FLy, 71. [water and fly.] An insect that is seer 
on the water. 

WA'TER-FOWL, 7i. A fowl that frequents the water, m 
lives about rivers, lakes, or on or near the sea ; an aquatic 
fowl. 

WA'TER-FOX, 71. [water and fox.] A name given to the 
carp, on account_of its cunning. Walton. 

WA'TER-FUR'RoW, n. In agriculture, a deep furrow 
rniade for conducting water fiiom the ground and keeping 
it dry. 

WA'TER-FUR'RoW, v. t. To plough or open water-fur- 
rows. 

WA'TER-GALL, n. 1, A cavity made in the earth by a 
torrent of water. 2. An appearance in the rainbow. 

WA'TER-6ER'MAN-DER, 71. A plant. Cijc. 

WA'TER-GOD, n. [icater and god.] A deity that presides 
over the water. 

WA'TER-GRu'EL, n. A liquid food, composed of water 
and a small portion of meal or other farinaceous substance 
boiled. 

WA'TER-GaUGE, ) n. An instrument for measuring or 

WA'TER-GA6E, I ascertaining the depth or quantity 
of water. 

WA'TER-HAM'MER, n. A column of water in a vacuum, 
which, not being supported as in the air, falls against the 
end of the vessel with a peculiar noise. 

WA'TER-HAIR-GRASS, n. A species of grass. Cyc. 

WA'TER-HEMP-AG'RI-MO-NY, n. A plant. Lee. 

WA'TER-HEN, 71. [water and hen.] A water-fowl. Cyc 

WA'TER-HOG, n. A quadruped of South America. Linne. 

WA'TER-LAU'REL, n. [water and laurel.] A plant. 

WA'TER-LMaF, 71. [water and leaf.] A plant. Lee. 



* .See Sijnopsi-s. MOVE, BOOI^, D6VE 5— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH : TH as in this, j Obsolete 



WAT 



918 



WAX 



WA'TER-LESS a. Destitute of water. Tooke. 

WATER-LEV EL, n. [water and level,] The level formed 
by the surface of still water. 

WA'TER-LIL'Y, n. [water saA lily .^ A plant. Lee. 

WA'TER-LlNE, n. A horizontal line supposed to be drawn 
about a ship's bottom, at the surface of the water. 

WA'TER-LOGGED, a. Lying like a log on the water. 

WA'TER-MAN, n. [water and man.'] A boatman ; a ferry- 
man ; a man who manages water-craft. Gay. 

WA'TER-MaRK, n. [loater and mark.] The mark or limit 
of the rise of a flood. Dryden. 

WA'TER-MEL'ON, n. [water and melon.] A plant and its 
fruit, of the genus cucurbita, (C. citrullus.) 

WA'TER-MILL, 71. A mill whose machinery is moved by 
water, and thus distinguished from a wind-mill. 

WA'TER-MINT. See Water-calamint. 

WA'TER-NEWT, n. An animal of the lizard tribe. 

VVATER-OR'DE-AL, 71. A judicial trial of persons accused 
of crimes, by means of water ; formerly in use among illit- 
erate and superstitious nations. 

VVA'TER-OU'ZEL, 71. A fowl of the genus 5tM7^«5. 

WA'TER-PARS'NEP, n. A plant of the genus sium. 

WA'TER-PO-A, 71. A s])ecies of grass, the poa aquatica. 

WA'TER-POISE, 71. [water and poise.] An instrument for 
examining the purity of water. 

WA'TER-POT, 71. A vessel for holding or conveying 
water, or for sprinkling water on cloth in bleaching, or 
on plants, &c. 

WA'TER- PROOF, a. [water and proof.] Impervious to 
water ; so firm and compact as not to admit water. 

WA'TER-RAD'ISH, 71. A species of water-cresses. 

WA'TER-RaIL, n. A fowl of the genus rallus. 

WA'TER-RAT, 71. An animal of the genus mus. 

WA'TER-R0€K'ET, n. 1. A species of water-cresses. 2. 
A kind of fire-work to be discharged in the water. 

WA'TER-ROT, v. t. To rot by steeping in water. 

WA'TER-ROT-TED, pp. Rotted by being steeped in 
water. 

WA TER-ROT-TING, ppr. Rotting in water. 

WA'TER-SaIL, 71. [water and sail.] A small sail used 
under a studding-sail or driver-Loom. Mar. Diet. 

WA'TER-SAP-PHIRE, 71. [water and sapphire.] A kind 
of blue precious stone. 

WA'TER-SHOOT, 71. [neater and shoot.] A sprig or shoot 
from the root or stock of a tree. [Lo'-'i.j 

WA'TER-SNAKE, n. A snake that ''/equents the water. 

WA'TER-SoAK, v. t. [water and oak.] To soak or fill 
the interstices with water. 

WA'TER-SoAKED, pp. Soaked or having its interstices 
filled with water ; as, waters' j,ked wood. 

WA'TER-SoLD lER, n. A ""^ant of the genus stratiotes. 

WA'TER-SPAN'IEL, n. / dog so called. Sidney. 

WA'TER-SPOUT, n. A' sea, a vertical column of water, 
raised from the surfac of the sea and driven furiously by 
the wind. 

WA'TER-Ta'BLE. a. [water and table.] In architecture, a 
ledge in the wall of a building, about eighteen or twenty 
inches from the ground. 

WA'TER-TATH, n. In England, a species of coarse grass 
growing in wet grounds. Cyc. 

WA TER-THER-MOM'E-TER, n. An instrument for as- 
certaining the precise degree of cold at which water 
ceases to be condensed. Cvc. 

WA'TER-TlGHT, a. So tight as not to admit water. 

WA'TER-TRe'FOIL, 71. A plant. Mortimer. 

WA'TER-VlM3-LET, n. [water and violet.] A plant. 

WA'TER-WaY, n. In a ship's deck, a piece of timber, 
forming a channel for conducting water to the scuppers. 

WA'TER-WHEEL, n. 1. A wheel moved by water. 2. 
An engine for raising water from a deep well. 

WA'TER-WIL'LoW, n. [icater and jcillow.] A plant. 

WA'TER-WITH, n. [water and with.] A plant. 

WA'TER-WoRK, n. Water-works are hydraulic machines 
or engines, particularly such as form artificial fountains, 
spouts and the like. 

WA'TER-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus eZafiJie. 

WA'TER, V. t. 1. To irrigate ; to overflow with water, or 
to" wet with water ; as, to water land. 2. To supply with 
water. 3. To supply with water for drink. 4. To di- 
versify ; to wet and calender ; to give a wavy appear- 
ance to. 

WA'TER, v.i. I. To shed water or liquid matter. 2. To 
get or take in water. — The mouth waters, a phrase deno- 
ting that a person has a longing desire. 

WA'TER-AGE, 71. Money paid for transportation by water. 

WA'TERED, pp. Overspread or sprinkled with water; 
riiade wet ; supplied with water ; made lustrous by being 
wet and calendered. 

WA'TER-ER, 71. One who waters. Carew. 

WA'TER-I-NESS, n. [from toatery.] Moisture ; humidity ; 
a slate of abounding with water. Arbuthnot. 

VVA'TER-ING, ppr. Overflowing ; sprinkling or wetting 
with water ; supplying with water. 

tVA'TER-ING, 7t. 1. The act of overflowing or sprinkling 



with water ; the act of supplying with water. 2. The 
place where water is supplied. 

WA'TER-ING-PLACE, n. A place to which people resort 
for mineral water, or for the use of water in some way or 
other. 

WA'TER-ING-TROUGH, n A trough ip which cattle and 
horses drink. 

WA'TER-ISH, a. 1. Resembling water ; thin, as a liquor 
Dryden. 2 Moist ; somewhat watery. Bale. 

WA'TER-ISH-NESS, n. Thinness, as of a liquor ; resem- 
blance to water. Floyer. 

WA'TER-LESS, a. Destitute of water. Mitford. 

WA'TER-Y, a. 1. Resembling water ; thin or transparent, 
as a liquid. 2. Tasteless ; insipid ; vapid ; spiritless. 3. 
Wet ; abounding with water. 4. Pertaining to water 
5. Consisting of water. 

WATH, 71. Food used in the North of England. Grose. 

WAT'TLE. 77. [Sax. watel.] 1. Properly, a twig or flexi- 
ble rod ; and hence, a hurdle. 2. The fleshy excrescence 
that grows under the throat of a cock or turkey, or a like 
substance on a fish. 3. A rod laid on a roof to support 
the thatch. 

WAT'TLE, V. t. 1. To bind with twigs. 2. To twist or 
interweave twigs one with another ; to plat ; to form a 
kind of net-work with flexible branches. 

W^AT'TLED, pp. Bound or interwoven with twigs. 

WAT'TLING, ppr. Interweaving with twigs. 

WAUL, V. i. To cry, as a cat. 

WAUL'ING, ppr. Crying, as a cat. 

WAVE, n. [Sax. 2ceg, wag; G. wage; Sw. vSg ; Ir 
buaice.] 1. A moving swell or volume of water ; MiiiaWi/, 
a swell raised and driven by wind. 2. Unevenness ; in- 
equality of surface. 3. The line or streak of lustre on 
cloth watered and calendered. 

WAVE, V. i. [Sax. wafian.] 1. To play loosely ; to move 
like a wave, one way and the other ; to float ; to undu- 
late. 2. To be moved, as a signal. 3. To fluctuate ; to 
waver ; to be in an unsettled state ; [obs.'j 

WAVE, V. t. [See Wavjer.] 1. To raise into inequalities 
of surface. 2. To move one way and the other ; to bran- 
dish. 3. To waft; to remove any thing floating. 4. To 
beckon ; to direct by a waft or waving motion. 

WAVE, V. t. [Norm, iceyver, icaive.] I. To put off"; to 
cast off; to cast away ; to reject ; usually written waive. 
2. To quit ; to depart from. 3. To put off; to put aside 
for the present, or to omit to pursue. 

Waved, pp. l. Moved one way and the other ; bran- 
dished. 2. Put off; omitted. — 3. a. In heraldry, indented. 
4. Variegated in lustre. — 5. In botany, undate ; rising and 
falling in waves on the margin, as a leaf. 

WaVE'LESS, a. Free from waves ; undisturbed ; unagi- 
taled. 

Wa'VEL-LiTE, 71. [from Wavel, the discoverer.] A min- 
eral, a phosphate or sub-phosphate of alumin. 

WaVE'-LoAF, 72. A loaf for a wave-offering. 

WaVE'-OF-FER-ING, 71. An offering made with waving 
towards the four cardinal points. J^Tum. xviii. 

Wa'VER, v. i. [Sax. wafian; Dan. svmver] 1. To play or 
move to and fro ; to move one way and the other. 2. To 
fluctuate; to be unsettled in opinion; to vacillate ; to be 
undetermined. 3. To totter; to reel ; to be in danger of 
falling. 

Wa'VER, 7!. A name given to a sapling or young timber- 
tree in England. [Local.] 

Wa'VER-ER, 7f. One who wavers ; one who is unsettled 
in doctrine, faith or opinion. 

Wa'VER-ING, ppr. or a. Fluctuating ; being in doubt , 
undetermined. 

Wa'VER-ING-NESS, 71. State or quality of being wavei 
ing. 

WaVE'-SUB-JECT'ED, fl. Subject to be overflowed. 

WaVE'-WoRN, a. [leave and worn.] Worn by the waves 

WaV'ING, ppr. Moving as a wave; playing to and fro 
brandishing. 

WaV'URE, n. The act of waving or putting off. R. Peel 

Wa'VY, a. [from jcave.] 1. Rising or swelling in waves 
full of waves. 2. Playing to and fro ; undulating. 3 
Undulating on the border or on the surface, 

t WAWES, or WAES, for waves. Spenser. 

WAWL, V. i. [Icel. vaele, if not formed from the sound.} 
To cry ; to howl. Shak. 

WAX, n. [Sax. wcbx, icez ; G. wachs ; D. wasch ; Sw. vax.] 
1. A thick, viscid, tenacious substance, collected by bees, 
or excreted from their bodies, and employed in the con- 
struction of their cells ; usually called bees' wax. 2. A 
thick, tenacious substance excreted in the ear. 3. A sub- 
stance secreted by certain plants, forming a silvery pow- 
der on the leaves and fruit, as in the wax-palm and wax- 
myrtle. 4. A substance found on the hinder legs of bees, 
which is supposed to be their food. 5. A substance used 
in sealing letters ; called sealing-wax, or Spanish wax 
6. A thick substance used by shoemakers for rubbing their 
thread. 

WAX, V. t. To smear or rub with wax. 



♦ See Synopsis. A, E, I, 5, D, "2, long.— FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD j— j Obsolete 



WEA 



919 



WEA 



WAX, V i. ; pret. waxed ; pp. waxed, or waxen. [Sax. 
weaxan; G. wachsen ; Sw. raza.] 1. To increase in 
size ; to grow ; to become larger. 2. To pass from one 
state to another ; to become. 

WAX'-BILL, n. A bird, a species of loxia. 

WAX'-€AN-DLE, n. A candle made of wax. 

WAX'-CHAND-LER, n. A maker of wax-candles. 

WAXED, pp. Smeared or rubbed with wax. 

WAX'EN, a. Made of wax ; as, waxen cells. Milton. 

WAX'ING, ppr. Growing ; increasing , becoming ; smear- 
ing with wax. 

WAX'ING, n. In chemistry, the preparation of any matter 
to render it fit for melting ; also, the process of stopping 
out colors in calico-printing. Cyc. 

WAX'-MYR-TLE, n. The bayberry, a shrub. 

WAX'-PALM, n. A species of palm. 

WAX'- Work, n. Figures formed of wax, in imitation of 
real beings. 

WAX'Y, a. Soft like wax ; resembling wax ; viscid ; ad- 
hesive. 

WAY, 71. [Sax. wcBg, weg ; G., D. weg- ; Dan. vej ,• Sw. vag ; 
Ij., It. via ;'Fr.voie.] 1. Literally, a passing; hence, a 
passage ; the place of passing ; hence, a road of any kind ; 
a highway ; a private road ; a lane ; a street ; any place 
for the passing of men, cattle or other animals. 2. Length 
of space ; as, a great way. 3. Course ; direction of mo- 
tion or travel. 4. Passage ; room for passing. 5. Course, 
or regular course. 6. Tendency to any meaning or act. 
7. Sphere of observation. 8. Manner of doing anything; 
method ; means of doing. 9. Method ; scheme of man- 
agement. 10. Manner of thinking or behavior ; particu- 
lar turn of opinion ; determination or humor. 11. Man- 
ner; mode. 12. Method; manner of practice. 13. Meth- 
od or plan of life and conduct ; as, instruct your children in 
the right way. 14. Course ; process of things, good or 
bad. 15. Right method to act or know. 16. General 
scheme of acting. 17. Ways, plu. the timbers on which 
a ship is launched. — To make way, to give room for pass- 
ing ; or to make a vacancy. — To give way, to recede ; to 
make room ; or to yield. — To make one''s way, to advance 
in life by efforts. — By the way, en passant, as we proceed. 
— To go one's way, or to come one's icay, to go or come 
along. Shak. — In the way, a phrase noting obstruction. — 
To be under way, in seamen's language, to be in motion, 
as when a ship begins to move.— Ways and means, in 
legislation, means for raising money ; resources for rev- 
enue. 

WaY'-BREAD, Wo a name given to the herb plantain. 

WaY'FaR-ER, w. [way and fare j Sax.faran.] A traveler; 
apassenger. Carew. 

WaY'FaR-ING, a. Traveling ; passing ; being on a jour- 
ney. Judges xix. 

WaY'FaR-ING-TREE, n. A shrub. Cyc. 

* WAY-LaID', pp. Watched in the way. 

* WAY-LaY', v. t. [way and lay.] To watch insidiously 
in the way with a view to seize, rob or slay ; to beset in 
ambush. Dryden. [In this word there is little difference of 
accent,'] 

* WAY-LaY'ER, n. One who waits for another in ambush, 
v/itli a view to seize, rob or slay him. 

WaY'-LeAVE, 71. A provincial term for the ground pur- 
chased for a wagon-way between coal-pits and a river. 
[Local.] Cyc. 

WaY'LESS, a. Having no road or path ; pathless; track- 
less. Drayton. 

WaY'-Ma-KER, n. One who makes a way ; a precursor. 
Bacon. 

WaY'-MARK, 71. A mark to guide in traveling. 

t WaY'MENT, v. i. [Sax. im.] To lament. Spenser. 

WaY'-PANE, n. A slip left for cartage in watered land. 

W' Local.] 
aY'-THIS-TLE, n. A troublesome plant or perennial 
weed. Cyc. 

WaY'WARD, a. [tcay and ward.] Froward ; peevish ; 
perverse ; liking his own way. 

Wa V-WAR-DEN, n. In local usage, the surveyor of a 
road. England. 

WaY'WARD-LY, adv. Frowardly ; perversely. Sidney. 

WaY'WARD-NESS, 71. Frowardness ; perverseness. 

WaY'-WiS-ER, n. An instrument for measuring the dis- 
tance which one has traveled on the road ; called, also, 
perambulator, and podometer, or pedometer. 

WaY'WODE, or WaI'WODE, n. 1. In the Ottoman em- 
pire, the governor of a small town or province ; also, a 
Mussulman charged with the collection of taxes, or with 
the police of a place. — 2 In Poland, the governor of a 
province. Cyc. 

WaY'WODE-SHIP, 71. The province or jurisdiction of a 
waywode. Eton. 

WE, pron. ; plu. of I ; or rather a different word, denoting 
the person speaking and another or others with him. 

WeAK, a. [Sax. waac, wace; G. weich, schwach; D. 
zwak ,• Dan. veeg, vceg ; Sw. vek.] 1. Having little phys- 
ical strength; feeble. 2. Infirm; not healthy. 3. Not 



able to bear a great weight. 4. Not strong ; not compact , 
easily broken. 5. Not able to resist a violent attack. 6. 
Soft ; pliant ; not stiff. 7. Low ; small ; feeble, b. Fee- 
ble of mind ; wanting spirit ; wanting vigor of under- 
standing. 9. Not much impregnated with ingredients, or 
with things that excite action, or with stimulating and 
nourishing substances. 10. Not politically powerful. 11. 
Not having force of authority or energy. 12. Not having 
moral force or power to convince ; not well supported by 
truth or reason. 13. Not well supported by argument. 
14. Unfortified; accessible; impressible. 15. Not having 
full conviction or confidence.— 16. Weak land is land of 
a Mght, thin soil. Cyc. 

t Weak, v. t. To make weak. 

t Weak, v. i. To become weak. Chaucer. 

WeAK'EN, (wee'kn) v. t. [Sax. wacan.] 1. To lessen 
the strength of, or to deprive of strength ; to debilitate; to 
enfeeble. 2. To reduce in strength or spirit. 

WeAK'ENED, pp. Debilitated; enfeebled; reduced in 
strength. 

WeAK'EN-ER, n. He or that which weakens 

WeAK'EN-ING, ppr. Debilitating; enfeebling; reducing 
the strength or vigor of any thing. 

WeAK'-HEART-ED, a. Having little courage. 

WeAK'LING, 71. A feeble creature. Skak. 

WeAK'LY, ado. 1. Feebly; with little physical strength ; 
faintly; not forcibly. 2. Witli want of efficacy. 3. 
With feebleness of mind or inteilect ; indiscreetly ; in- 
juriously. 4. Timorously ; with little courage or forti- 
tude. 

WeAK'LY, a. Not strong of constitution ; infirm. Ra- 
leigh. 

WeAK'NESS, n. 1. Want of physical strength ; want of 
force or vigor ; feebleness. 2. Want of sprightliness. 3. 
Want of steadiness. 4. Infirmity ; unhealthiness. 5. 
Want of moral force or effect upon the mind. 6. Want of 
judgment; feebleness of mind ; foolishness. 7. Defect; 
failing ; fault ; tcith a plural. 

WeAK'SiDE, 71. Foible ; deficiency ; failing ; infirmity. 

WeAL, n. [Sax. tcela ; G. wohl ; Dan. vel.] 1. A sound 
state of a pereon or thing ; a state which is prosperous, or 
at least not unfortunate, not declining ; prosperity ; hap- 
piness. 2. Republic ; state ; public interest. 

WEAL, n. The mark of a stripe. See Wale. 

WEALD, WALD, WALT, WOLD, in Saxon and other 
Teutonic dialects, signifies a wood or forest. It is found 
in names, as in Walt-ham, wood-house ; cormptly pro- 
nounced Wal-tham. 

WeALS'MAN, n. [weal and man.] A name given sneer- 
in gly to a politician. Shak, 

WEALTH, (welth) n. [from weal; Sax. welega, welga, 
rich.] 1. Prosperity ; external happine.-ss ; [obs.] 2. Riches ; 
large possessions of money, goods or lajid ; that abundance 
of worldly estate which exceeds the estate of the greater 
part of the community ; affluence; opulence. 

WEALTH'I-LY, ado. Richly. Shak. 

WEALTH'I-NESS, n. State of being wealthy ; richness. 

WEALTH'Y, (welth'y) a. Rich ; having large possessions 
in lands, goods, money or securities, or larger than the 
generality of men ; opulent ; affluent. 

WeAN, t;. ^. [Sax. wenari, gew(Bnan.] 1 . To accustom and 
reconcile, as a child or other young animal, to a want or 
deprivation of the breast. 2. To detach or alienate, as 
the affections, from any object of desire ; to reconcile to 
the want or loss of any thing. 

WeANED, pp. Accustomed or reconciled to the want of 
the breast or other object of desire. 

WeAN'EL, or WeAN'LING, n. A child or other animal 
newly weaned. Milton. 

WeAN'ING, ppr. Accustoming or reconciling, as a young 
child or other animal, to a want of the breast ; reconciling 
to the want of any object of desire. 

WEAP'ON, (wep'n) n. [Sax. woepn, wepn; D., G. wapen ; 
Dan. vaaben ; Sw. vapen.] 1. Any instrument of offense ; 
any thing used or designed to be used in destroying or an- 
noying an enemy. 2. An instrument for contest, or for 
combating enemies. 3. An instrument of defense. — 4. 
Weapons, in botany, arms ; thorns, prickles and stings, 
with which plants are furnished for defense. 

WEAP'ONED, (wep'nd) a. Armed ; furnished with weap- 
ons or arms ; equipped. Hayward. 

WEAP'ON-LESS, a. Unarmed ; having no weapon. Mil- 
ton. 

t WEAP'ON-S ALVE, n. A salve which was supposed 
to cure the wound, by being applied to the weapon that 
made it. 

WEAR, v. t, ; pret. wore ; pp. worn. [W. gwariaw ; Sax. 
weran, werian.] 1. To waste or impair by rubbing or at 
trition ; to lessen or diminish by time, use or instruments 

2. To carry appendant to the body, as clothes or weapons 

3. To have or exhibit an appearance ; to bear. 4. To af- 
fect by degrees.— To wear away, to consume ; to impair, 
diminish or destroy by gradual attrition or decay.— TV 
wear off, to diminish by attrition or slow decay.— To wear 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, Do VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsoleta 



WEA 



920 



WED 



out. 1. To consume ; to render useless by attrition or de- 
cay. 2. To consume tediously. 3. To liareiss ; to tire* 
4. ^o waste the strength of. 

WEaR, v. i. 1. To be wasted ; to be diminished by attri- 
tion, by use, or by time. 2. To be tediously spent. 3. 
To be consumed by slow degrees. — To wear off, to pass 
away by degrees. 

WEAR, ?(. 1. The act of wearing 3 diminution by friction. 
2. J'he tiling worn. 

WEaR, 71. [Sax. W(Br, wer ; D. icaaren, or weeren.] 1. A 
dam in a river to stop and raise the water, for conducting 
it to a mill, or for taking fish. 2. An instrument or kind 
of basket-work for catching fish. 

WEaR'A-BLE, a. That can be worn. Swift. 

WEARD, Sax. a warden, in names, denotes watchful- 
ness or care ; but it must not be confounded with ward, in 
toward. 

WEaR'ER, n, 1. One who wears or carries as appendant 
to the body. 2. That which wastes or diminishes. 

WeA'RI-NESS, n. 1. The state of being weary or tired ; 
that lassitude or exliaustion of strength, which is induced 
by labor ; fatigue. 2. Lassitude ; uneasiness proceeding 
from continued waiting, disappointed expectation or ex- 
hausted patience, or from other cause. 

WEaR'ING, ppr. 1. Bearing on or appendant to the per- 
son ; diminishing by friction ; consuming. 2. a. Denot- 
ing what is worn. 

VTEaR'ING, 71. Clothes ; garments. Shak. 

t WEaR'ISH, a, 1. Boggy ; watery. 2. Weak ; washy. 

WeA'RI-SoME, a. [from weary.] Causing weariness ; tire- 
some ; tedious ; fatiguing. 

WeA'RI-S6ME-LY, adv. Tediously ; so as to cause weari- 
n_ess. Raleigh. 

WeA'RI-SoME-NESS, 71. The quality of exliausting 
st^rength or patience ; tiresomeness ; tediousness. 

WeA'RY, a. [Sax. wcrio-.] J, Having the strength much 
exhausted by toil or violent exertion ; tired ; fatigued ; 
[this word expresses less than tired.] 2. Having the pa- 
tience exhausted, or the mind yielding to discouragement. 
3^ Causing weariness 5 tiresome. 

*VeA'RY, r. t. 1. To reduce or exhaust the physical 
strength of the body ; to tire ; to fatigue. 2. To make 
impatient of continuance. 3. To harass by any thing 
irksome. — To weary out, to subdue or exhaust by fa- 
tigue. 

WeAS'AND, ) n. [Sax. wasend, tccBsend.] The windpipe 

We'SAND, \ or trachea ; the canal through which air 
pjisses to and from the lungs. 

WeAS'EL, ) (we zl) 71. [Sax. toesle ; Dan. vesel ; G. wiesel ; D. 

WEE'SEL, \ weezel.] A small animal, of the genus mus- 
tela, which feeds on small birds, but particularly on 
mice. 

We AS'EL-€00T, 71. The red-headed smew. 

WEATH'ER, (wetfi'er) n. [Sax. weder, wieder, or wether ; 
G. wetter : D. iceder, or iceer.] 1. The state of the air or 
atmosphere with respect to heat or cold, wetness or dry- 
ness, calm or storm, clearness or cloudiness, and the like ; 
as, warm weather. 2. Change of the state of the air ; [Z. u.] 
Bacon. 3. Storm ; tempest ; [Z. u.] Dryden. — Stress of 
weather, violent winds ; force of tempests. 

WEATH'ER, (wetn'er) v, t. 1. To air; to expose to the 
air; [rarely used.] Spenser. — 2. In seamen's lan.!ruage, to 
sail to the windward of something else. 3. To pass with 
difficulty. — To weather a point, to gain or accomplish it 
against opposition. — To weather out, to endure, to hold 
out to the end ; as, to weather out a storm. Addison. — 
Weather is used with several words, either as an adjec- 
tive, or as forming part of a compound word. 

WEATH'ER-BeAT'EN, a. Beaten or harassed by the 
weather. 

WEATH'ER-BIT, n. A turn of the cable about the end of 
the windlass, without the knight-heads. Cyc. 

WEATH'ER-BoARD, 71. That side of a ship which is to- 
wards the wind ; the windward side. So, in other words, 
weather signifies towards the wind or windward ; as in 
weather-how, weather-hiaces, weather-gage, weather-Wfts, 
weather-quarter, weather-shrouds, weather-side, weather- 
shore, &c. 

WEATH ER-BoARD'lNG, n. The act of nailing up boards 
agaiiist a wall ; or the boards themselves. Cyc. 

WEATH'ER-Bo.lRDS, n. Pieces of plank placed in the 
ports of a shipj^when laid up in ordinary. Mar. Diet. 

WEATH ER-BoW. See Weathereoard. 

WEATH'ER-CLOTHS, 7i. Long pieces of canvas or tar- 
paulin g used to preserve the hammocs from injury by 
the weather when stowed, or to defend persons from the 
wind and spray. 

WEATH ER-€OeK, n. 1. Something in the shape of a 
cock placed on the stop of a spire, which, by turning, 
shows the direction of the wind ; a vane, or weather-vane. 
2. Any thing or person that turns easily and frequently ; 
a fickle, inconstant person. 

WEATHER-DRI V-EN, a. [iceather and driven.] Driven 
by wmds or storms ; forced by stress of weather. 



WEATf5'EK-FEND, ». t. [weather and fend.] To shelter. 

WEATI^'ER-Ga^E, 71. [weather and gage.] Something 
that shows the weather. Q,u. Hudibras. A ship is said to 
have the iceather-gage of another, when she is at the wind- 
ward of her. 

WEATH'ER-GALL, n. A secondary rainbow, said to be a 
sign of bad weather. JVorth of England. 

WEATH'ER-GLASS, n. [weather and glass.] An instru 
ment to indicate the state Of the atmosphere. Cyc. 

WEATH'ER-HELJM, n A ship is said to carry a iceather 
helm, when she is inclined to come too near the wind. 

WEATH'ER-MoST, a. Being farthest to the windward. 

WEATH'ER-PROOF, a. Proof against rough weather. 

WEATH ER-RoLL, n. [weather and roll.] The roll of a 
ship to the windward ; opposed to lee-lurch. 

W^EATH'ER-SPy, n. [iceather and spy.] A star-gazer ; 
one that foretells the weather. [Little used.] Donne. 

WEATH'ER-TlDE, n. Th« tide which sets against the lee 
side of a ship, impelling her to the windward. 

WEATH ER-W^SE, a. [weather and wise.] Skillful in fore- 
seeing the changes or state of the weather. 

jWEATH'ER-WlS-ER, 71. Something that foreshows the 
weather. Derham. 

WEATH'ERED, pp. Passed to the windward ; passed with 
difficulty. 

WEATH'ER-IXG, ppr. Passing or sailing to the windward ; 
posing with difficulty. 

Weave, v. t, .• pret. wove ,- pp. woven, wove. The regular 
form, weaved, is rarely or never used. [Sax. wefan ; G 
weheii; D. weeven.] 1, To unite threads of any kind in 
such a manner as to form cloth. 2. To unite any thing 
flexible. 3. To unite by intermixture or close connec- 
' tion. 4. To interpose ; to insert. 

Weave, v. l. To practice weaving ; to work with a loom. 

WeAV'ER, 7!. 1. One who weav^es ; one whose occupa- 
tion is to weave. 2. A bird ; tlie common name of the genus 
ploceus, of several species, natives of Africa and the E. 
Indies ; so called because they construct curious and often 
pensile nests, by interweaving twigs and fibres. 

WeAV'ER-FISH, n. A kind of fish. Ainsworth. 

Weaving, p;)r. Forming cloth by intertexture cf threads 

Weaving, n. l. The act or art of forming cloth in a loom, 
by the union or intertexture of threads. 2. The task or 
work to be done in making cloth. 

WEB, 7?. [Sax. weJ) ; Sw. vaf.] 1. Texture of threads ; 
plexus ; any thing woven. — 2. Locally, a piece of linen 
cloth. Enffl-and. 3. A dusky film that forms over the eye 
and hinders the sight ; suffusion. 4. Some part of a 
sword. — 5. In ship-building, the thin partition on the in- 
side of the rim, and between the spokes of a sheave. Cyc 
— 6. In ornithology, the membrane which unites the toes 
of many water-fowls. — F/eb of a coulter is the thin, sharp 
part. 

WEBBED, a. Having the toes united by a membrane or 
web ; as, the icebbed feet of aquatic fowls. 

WEB'-FOOT-ED, a. Having webbed feet ; palmiped. 

WEB'STER, 7!. [Sax. webstre.] A weaver. The old word 
is webber. Camden. 

WED, V. t. [Sax. weddian; Sw. vadja; Dan. vredder.] 1. 
To marry ; to take for husband or for wife. 2. To join in 
marriage. 3. To unite closely in affection 3 to attach 
firmly. 4. To unite forever. 5. To espouse ; to take 
part with ; [obs.] 

WED, v. i. To marry ; to contract matrimony. Shak 

WED, V. A pledge. 

W^ED'DED, pp. Married : closely attached. 

WED'DING, ppr. Marrying; uniting with in matrimony 

WED'DING, n. Marriage; nuptials; nuptial ceremony j 
nuptial festivities. Shak. 

WED'DING-CLoTHES, 7!. Garments f6r abride or a bride- 
groom, to be worn at marriage. 

WED'DING-DAY, n. The dav of marriage. 

WED'DING-FeAST, n. [wedding and feast.] A feast or 
entertainment prepared for the guests at a wedding. 

WEDGE, n. [Sax. wecg, wcecg ; Dan. veg : Sw. vigg ; D. 
wig'.] \. A mass of metal. Josh. vii. 2. A piece of 
metal, particularly iron, thick at one end and sloping to a 
thin edge at the other, used in splitting wood, rocks, &:c. 
3. Something in the form of a wedge. 

WEDGE, V. t. 1. To cleave with a wedge ; to rive ; [I. u.] 
2. To drive as a wedge is driven ; to crowd or compress 
closely. 3. To force, as a wedge forces its way. 4. To 
fasten with a wedge or with wedges. 5. To fix in the 
manner of a wedge. 

WEDGED, pp. Split with a wedge ; fastened with a wedge ; 
closelv compressed. 

WEDGE'-SHaPED, a. [wedge and shape.] Havirg the 
shape of a wedge ; cuneiform. Smith. 

WEDGE' WOODS-VaSE, n. A kind of earthen vase, urst 
made by Mr! W^edgewood. 

WEDGING, ppr. Cleaving with a wcdge ; fastening with 
wedges ; compressing closely. 

WED'LOCK, v. [qu. wed and lock ; or Sax. lac, a gift.] Mar- 
riage ; matrimony. Addison. 



* Sie Synopsis. A, fi, T, 0, t?, Y, lonjj.—FSM, FALL, WHA.T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete 



WEF 



921 



WEL 



WED LO€K, V. t. To marry. [Littie used.'] Milton. 

WED'LOCKED, p-p. United in marriage. [L. m.] Milton. 

VVEDNES'DAY, (vvenz'de) n. [Sax. Wodensdceg, Woden's 
day ; Sw. Odensdag, or Onsdag ; from Wodin, or Odin, a 
deity or chief.] The fourth day of the week ; the next 
day after Tuesday. 

t WEE, a. [contracted from G. wenig.] Small ; little. 

WEECH'ELM, or WITCH'-ELM, n. A species of elm. 
Bacon. 

WEED, n. [Sax. weod.] 1. The general name of any 
plant that is useless or noxious. 2. Any kind of unprof- 
itable substance among ores in mines, as mundic or mar- 
casite ; [local.] 

WEED, n. [Sax. wend, icceda.] 1. Properly, a garment, as 
in Spenser, but now used only in the plural, weeds, forthe 
mourning apparel of a female ; as, a widow's weeds. 2. 
An upper garment ; [obs.] 

WEED, V. t. [Sax. weodian ; D. weeden.] 1. To free from 
noxious plants. 2. To take away, as noxious plants. 3. 
To free from any thing hurtful or offensive. 4. To root 
out vice. 

WEEDED, pp. Freed from weeds or whatever is nox- 
ious. 

WEED'ER, n. One that weeds or frees from any thing 
noxious 

»VEED'£R-Y n. Weeds. More. 

WEED'-HOQK, or WEED'ING-HOOK, n. [weed and 
hook.] A hook used for cutting 'away or extirpating 
weeds. 

WEED'ING, ppr. Freeing from weeds or whatever is nox- 
ious to growth. 

WEED'ING, n. The operation of freeing from noxious 
weeds, as a crop. Cyc. 

WEED'ING-CHIS'EL, n. A tool with a divided chisel 
point, for cutting the roots of large weeds within the 
ground. 

WEED'ING-FOR'CEPS, or WEED'ING-TONGS, n. An 
instrument for taking up some sorts of plants in weed- 
ing. 

WEED'ING-FORK,, n. A strong, three-pronged fork, used 
in cleaning ground of weeds. 

W^EED'IiVG-RHIM, 71. An implement somewhat like the 
frame of a wheel-barrow, used for tearing up weeds on 
summer fallows, &c.; used in Kent, Eng. Cyc. 

WEED'LESS, a. Free from weeds or noxious matter. 

WEED'Y, a. 1. Consisting of weeds ; as, icecdy trophies. 
Shak. 2. Abounding with weeds ; as, iceredy corn. 

WEEK, n. [Sax. weoc ; D. iccek ; G. woche ; Dan. uge; 
Sw. vecka.] 1. The space of seven days. — 2. In Scripture, 
a prophetic week is a week of years, or seven years. 
Dan. ix. 

WEEK'-DAY, n. [iceek and day.] Any day of the week 
except the Sabbath. Pope. 

WEEK'LY, a. Coming, happening or done once a week 5 
hebdomadary. S/cift. 

WEEK'LY, adv. Once a week ; by hebdomadal periods ; as, 
each performs service weekly. Ayliffe. 

T WEEL, ?(. [Sax. wcel.] A whirlpool. 

WEEL, ) 71. A kind of twiggen trap or snare for fish. Ca- 

WEEL'Y, \ rew. 

WEEN, v.i. [Sax. zcfiTia??.] To think ; to imagine 3 to fan- 
cy. Milton. [Obsolete, except in burlesque.] 

tWEEN'XNG, ppr. Thinking; imagining. 

WEEP, V. i. ; pret. and pp. 7oept. [Sax. wcpan.] 1. To 
express sorrow, grief or anguish by outcry. 2. 'To shed 
tears from any passion. 3. To lament ; to complain. 

WEEP, V. t. 1, To lament ; to bewail ; to bemoan. 2. To 
shed moisture. 3. To drop. 4. To abound with wet. 

WEEP'ER, 77. 1. One who weeps ; one who sheds teai-s. 
2. A white border on the sleeve of a mourning coat. 3. A 
species of monkey, th« simia cavucina. 

WEEP'ING, ppr. Lamenting; shedding tears. 

WEEP'ING, n. Lamentation. 

WEEP'ING-ROCK, 71. [iceep and rock.] A porous rock from 
which water gradually issues. 

WEEP ING-SPRING, n. A spring that slowly discharges 
water. 

WEEP'ING-WIL'LOW, n. A species of willow, whose 
blanches grow very long and slender, and hang down 
nearly in a perpendicular direction. 

A'EEP'ING-LY, adv. With weeping ; in tears. Wotton. 

rWEER'ISH, a. Insipid; weak; washy; surly. Ascham. 

WEE'ifEL, the more proper spelling oficeasel. 

tWEET, V. i.; pret. wot. [Sax. zcitan; D. tceeten ; Sw. 
veta ; G. wissen.] To know. 

t WEET'LESS, a. Unknowing. 

WEEV'ER, n. A fish, called also sea-dragon. Cyc. 

WEEViIL, n. [Sax. wefl ; G. wibeL] A small insect that 
does great damage to wheat or other corn. 

f WEFT, old pret. of wave. Spenser. 

WEFT, 7(. [from 7ccave.] 1. The woof.of cloth ; the 
threads that cross the warp. 2. A web ; a'^hing woven. 

t WEFT, 7). A thing waved, waived or cast away. 

jWEFT'A6E, n. Texture. Grew. 



WEIGH, (Wa) V. t. [Sax. woeg, weg, wasgan .. 
wecgen, wikken ; G. wdgen.] 1. To examin 



; L. veho ; \r. 
J I. 10 examme by the bal 
ance ; to ascertain the weight, that is, the force with 
which a thing tends to the centre of gravity. 2. To be 
equivalent to in weight ; that is, according to the Saxon 
sense of the verb, to lift to an equipoise a weight on the 
other side of the fulcrum. 3. To raise ; to lift, as an an- 
.chor from the gi-ound, or any other body. 4. To pay, allot 
or take by weight. 5. To ponder in the mind ; to con- 
sider or examine for the purpose of forming an opinion or 
coming to a conclusion. 6. To compare by the scales. 7 
To regard ; to consider as worthy of notice. — To weigh, 
down. 1. To overbalance. 2. To oppress with weiglil ; 
to depress. 

WEIGH, V. i. 1. To have weight. 2. To be considered as 
important; to have weight in the intellectual balance. 
3. To bear heavily; to press hard. — To weigh down, to 
sink by its own weight. 

WEIGH, (wa) n. A certain quantity.— A weigh of wool, 
cheese, &c., is 2561b avoirdupois ; a weigh of com is forty 
bushels ; of barley or malt, six quarters. Cyc, 

W^EIGH'A-BLE, a. 1'hat may be weighed. 

WEIGHED, (Wade) pp. J. Examined by the scales ; hav- 
ing the weight ascertained. 2. Considered. 3. a. Expe-, 
rienced ; [ubs.] 

WEIGH'ER, 71. 1. One who weighs. 2. An officer whose 
duty is to weigh commodities. 

WEIGH'ING, ppr. Examining by scales ; considering. 

WEIGH'ING, n. 1. The act of ascertaining weight. 2. As 
much as is weighed at once. 

WEIGH'ING-€A6E, n. A cage in which small living ani- 
mals may be conveniently weighed. Cyc. 

WEIGH'ING-HOUSE, v. A building furnisned with a 
dock and other conveniences for weighing commodities 
and ascertaining the tunnage of boats to be used on a 
canal. 

WElGH'ING-MA-cHlNE', n. 1. A machine for weigh 
ing heavy bodies, and particularly wheel carriages, at 
turnpike gates. England. 2. A machine for weighing 
cattle. 

WEIGHT, (wate) n. [Sax. zciht ; Sw. vigt.] I. The quan- 
tity of a body, ascertained by the balance. 2. A mass of 
iron, lead, brass or other metal, to be used for ascertain- 
ing the weight of other bodies. 3. A ponderous mass ; 
something heavy. 4. Pressure ; burden. 5. Importance ; 
power ; influence ; efficacy ; consequence ; moment ; im- 
pressiveness. 

WEIGHT'I-LY, adv. I. Heavily ; ponderously. 2. With 
force or impressiveness ; with moral oower. 

W'EIGHT'J-NESS, n. 1. Ponderousness ; gravity; heavi- 
ness. 2. Solidity; force; impressiveness; power of con- 
vincing. 3. Importance. 

WEIGHT'LESS, a. Having no weight ; light. Dryden. 

W^EIGHT'Y, a. 1. Having great weight ; heavy; ponder- 
ous. 2. Important ; forcible ; momentous ; adapted to 
turn the balance in the mind, or to convince. 3. Rigor- 
ous ; severe , [obs.] 

Weird, a. skilled in witchcraft. Shak. 

t WEIVE, for waive. Goiccr. 

WEL'A-WAY, an exclamation expressive of grief or sor- 
row, equivalent to alas. 

WEL'CoME, a. [Sax. wil-cuma ; well and come.] 1. Re- 
ceived with gladness ; admitted willingly ; as, a welcoma 
guest. 2. Grateful ; pleasing. 3. Free to have or enjoy 
gratuitously. — To bid welcome, to receive with professions 
of kindness. 

WEL'CoME is used elliptically for you are welcome. — Wel- 
come to our house, an herb. 

WEL'CoME, 7). 1. Salutation of a new comer. 2. Kind 
reception of a guest or new comer. South. 

WEL'CoME, ^•.t. [Sax. wilcumian.] To salute a new comer 
with kindness ; or to receive and entertain hospitably, 
gratuitously and cheerfully. 

WEL'CoMED, pp. Received with gladness and kindness. 

WEL'CoME- LY, adv. In a welcome manner. Brown. 

WEL'€6ME-NESS,7?. Gratefulness; agreeableness ; kind 
reception. Boyle. 

W^EE'CoM-ER, 71. One who salutes or receives kindly a 
new comer. Shak. 

W^EL'CoM-ING, ppr. Saluting or receiving with kindness 
a new comer or guest™ 

WELD, or W^oLD, n. A plant of the genus reseda, used 
by dyers to give a yellow color, and sometimes called dij- 
ers^ iceed. 

t W^ELD, V. t. To wield. Spenser. 

WELD, V. t. [Sw. valla ; G. wellen ; D. loellen.] To unite 
or hammer into firm union, as two pieces of iron, when 
heated almost to fusion. 

WELD'ED, pp. Forged or beat into union in an intense 
heat. 

WELD'ER, n. 1. One who welds iron. 2. A manager; an 
actual occupant ; [obs.] Sicift. 

WELDTNG, ppr. Uniting in an intense heat. 

WELD'ING-HeAT, 71. The heat necessary for welding iron 



See Synopsis. M5VE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.- € as K ; C as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. * Obsolete 



WEL 



922 



V¥ES 



bars which is said to be 60^ by Wedgewood's pyrometer, 
and 8877^ by Fahrenheit. 

Wnei/'FARE, n, [well and fare ; G. wohlfahrt ; D. wel- 
vaart ] 1. Exemption from misfortune, sickness, calam- 
ity or evil ; the enjoyment of health and the common 
blessings of life ; prosperity ; happiness ; applied to per- 
sons. 2. Exemption from any unusual evil or calami- 
ty ; the enjoyment of peace and prosperity, or the ordi- 
nary blessings of society and civil government ; applied 
to states. 

fWELK, v.i. [G. D. welken.] To decline; to fade; to 
decay ; to fall. 

f WELK, V. t. To contract ; to shorten. Spenser, 

tWELiK'ED, pp. or a. Contracted into wrinkles or ridges. 

WELK'IN, n. [Sax. wolc, wole en; G. wolke.] The visible 
regions of the air ; the vault of heaven. [Obs. except in po- 
etry.] Milton. 

WELK'IN EYE, in Skakspeare, is interpreted by John- 
son, a blue eye, from welkin, the sky ; by Todd, a rolling 
eye, from Sax. wealcan, to roll ; and by Entick, a languish- 
ing eye. 

WELK'ING, ppr. Fading; declining; contracting. 

WELL, 71. [Sax. well; D. wel, wcllen.] 1. A spring; a 
fountain ; the issuing of water from the earth ; [obs.\ 2. 
A pit or cylindrical hole, sunk perpendicularly into the 
eartb to such a depth as to reach a supply of water, and 
walled with stone to prevent the earth from caving in. — 
3. In ships, an apartment in the middle of a ship's hold, 
to inclose the pumps, from the bottom to the lower deck. 
— 4. In a. fishing vessel, an apartment in the middle of the 
holdj made tight at the sides, but having holes perforated 
in the bottom to let in fresh water for the preservation of 
fish, while they are transported to market. — 5. In the mil- 
itary art, a hole or excavation in the earth, in mining, 
froQi which run branches or galleries. Cyc. 

WELL'-DRaIN, n. A drain or vent for water, somewhat 
likeawellor pit, serving to discharge the water of wet land. 

WELL'-DRaIN, v. t. To drain land by means of wells or 
pits, which receive the water, and from which it is dis- 
charged by machinery. 

WELL'-FIoLE, or WELL, n. In architecture, the hole or 
space left in a door for the stairs. 

WELL'-ROOM, 71. In a boat, a place in the bottom where 
the water is collected, and whence it is thrown out with 
a scoop. 

WELL'-SPRING, n. A source of continual supply. 

WELL'-WA-TER, n. The water that flows into a well 
from subterraneous springs ; water drawn from a well. 

WELL, v.i. [Sax. icellan.] To spring; to issue forth, as 
water from the earth. [Little 7ised.] Dryden. 

t WELL, V. t. To pour forth. Spenser. 

WELL. a. [Sax. wel, or icell ; G. wohl ; D. wel ,■ Sw. val ; 
Dan. vel ; W.gicell.] 1. Being in health ; having a sound 
body, with a regular performance of the natural and 
proper functions of all the organs. 2. Fortunate ; con- 
venient ; advantageous ; happy. 3. Being in favor. 

WELL, adv. 1. In a proper manner ; justly ; rightly ; not 
ill or wickedly. 2. Skillfully ; with due art. 3. Suffi- 
ciently ; abundantly. 4. Very much ; to a degree that 
gives pleasure. 5. Favorably ; with praise. 6. Conven- 
iently ; suitably ; advantageously. 7. To a sufficient de- 
gree ; perfectly. 8. Thoroughly ; fully. 9. Fully ; ade- 
quately. 10. Far. — jis well as, together With ; not less 
than; one as much as the other; as, a sickness long as 
well as severe. — Well enough, in a moderate degree ; so 
as to give satisfaction, or so as to require no alteration. — 
Well is him seems to be elliptical for icellisto him. — Well 
is prefixed to many words, expressing what is right, fit, 
laudable, or not defective ; as teell-nffected ; ?/;eZZ-ordered. 
— Well is sometimes used elliptically for it is 7dcII, and as 
an expression of satisfaction with what has been said or 
done ; and sometimes it is merely expletive ; as, well, the 
work is done. 

WELL'A-DAY, alas, Johnson supposes to be a corruption of 
welaway, which see. Gay. 

WELL-BE'ING, n. [well and being.] Welfare ; happiness ; 
prosperity. 

WELL'-BE-L6V'ED, a. Greatly beloved. Mark xii. 

WELL'-BORN, a. [ivell and born.] Born of a noble or re- 
spectable family ; not of mean birth. Dryden. 

WELL'-BRED, a. [icell and bred.] Educated to polished 
manners ; polite. Roscommon. 

WELL-D6NE', ercZam. [well and done.] A word of praise ; 
bravely ; nobly ; in a right manner. 

WELL'FARE is now written welfare. 

WELL-Fa'VoRED a. Handsome ; well-formed ; beauti- 
ful ; pleasing to the eye. Gen. xxix. 

WELL-GROUND'ED, a. [well and ground.] Well-found- 
ed ; having a solid foundation. 

t WELL'-HEAD, n. A source, spring or fountain. 

WELL-IN-TEN'TIONED, a. Having upright intentions or 
purp-'Ses. Milner. 

WELL-MAN'NERED,a. [well and manner.] Polite; well- 
breu , complaisant. Dryden. 



WELL'-MeAN-ER, n. One whose intention is good 

WELL'-MeAN-ING, a. Having a good intention. 

WELL-MET' j exclam. A term of salutation denoting joy at 
meeting. 

WELL-MTND'ED, a. [well and mind.] Well-disposed- 
having a good mind. 

WELL-MOR'AL-lZED, a. Regulated by good morals. 

WELL'-Na-TURED, a. Good-natured ; kind. 

WELL'-NlGH, adv. Almost ; nearly. 

WELL'-SPENT, a. Spent or passed in virtue. Pope. 

WELL'-SPoK-EN, a. [well and speak.] 1. Speaking well , 
speaking with fitness or grace ; or speaking kindly. 2. 
Spoken with propriety. 

WELL'-SWEEP. See Sweep. 

WELL-WILL'ER, n. One who means kindly. 

WELL-WISH', n. A wish of happiness. Addison. 

WELL-WISH'ER, n. One who wishes the good of another 
jlddisoJi. 

WELSH, a. [Sax. weallisc] Pertaining to the Welsh na- 
tion. 

WELSH, 71. 1. The language of Whales or of the Welsh, 
2. The general name of the inhabitants of Wales. The 
word signifies foreigners or loanderers, and was given to 
this people by other nations, probably because they came 
from some distant country. 

WELT, n. [W. gwald.] A border ; a kind of hem or edg- 
ing, as on a garment or piece of cloth, or on a shoe. 

WELT, V. t. To furnish with a welt; to sew on a border. 

WEL'TER, V. i. [Sax. loaltan ; Sw. valtra ; G. walien ; 
Dan. vxlter.] To roll, as the body of an animal ; but usu- 
ally, to roll or wallow in some foul matter. Dryden. 

WEL'TER-ING, ppr. Rolling; wallowing, as in mire, 
blood, or other filthy matter. 

fWEM, 7i. [Sax.] A spot ; a scar. Brerewood. 

t WEM, V, t. [Sax. wemman.] To corrupt. 

W^EN, n. [Sax. wenn ; D. wen.] An encysted swelling or 
tumor; also, a fleshy excrescence growing on animals, 
sometimes to a large size. 

WENCH, n. [Sax. zcencle.] 1. A young woman; [l.u.] 
Sidney. 2. A young woman of ill fame. Prior. — 3. In 
.America, a black or colored female servant ; a negress. 

WENCH, V. i. To frequent the company of women of ill 
fame. 

WENCH'ER, 71. A lewd man. Grew. 

WENCH'ING, ppr. Frequenting women of ill fame. 

WENCH'LiKE, a. After the manner of wenches. Huloet. 

WEND, V. i. [Sax. wendan.] 1. To go ; to pass to or from ; 
[obsolete, except in poetry.] 2. To turn round; [obs.] 

t WEN'NEL, 71. A weanel. See Weanel. 

WEN'NISH, \ a. [from wen.] Having the nature of a 

WEN'NY, \ wen. 

WENT, pret. of the obsolete verb wend. We now arrange 
went, in grammar, as the preterit of ^o, but in origin it has 
no connection with it. 

WENT, 71. W^ay ; course ; path. Spenser. 

WBVT, pret. and pp. of weep. 

* WERE, (wer, but prolonged, when emphatic, into ware). 
This is used as the imperfect tense plural of be ; as, we 
were, you were, they were ; and in some other tenses. It 
is the Danish verb vmrer, to be, to exist, Sw. vara, and in 
origin has no connection with be, nor with was. It is 
united with be, to supply its want of tenses, as went is 
with go. 

WERE, 71. A dam. See Wear. 

WEREGILD, n. [Sax. wer, and gild, geld.] Formi-i-ly, 
the price of a man's head ; a compensation paid for a man 
killed, partly to the king for the loss of a subject, and 
partly to the lord of the vassal, and partly to the next 
of kin. 

WER-Ne'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to Werner. 

WER'NER-ITE, n. A mineral, regarded by Werner as a 
subspecies of scapolite ; caWed foliated scapolite. 

WERT, the second person singular of the subjunctive im- 
perfect tense of Z>e. See Were. 

WERTH, or WORTH, in names, signifies a farm, court or 
viJJage, from Sax. weorthig. Lye, Diet. 

t We'SIL, for weasand. 

WEST, n. [Sax., D., G. west; Dan. vest; Sw. v ester ; Fr. 
ouest.] 1. In strictness, that point of the horizon where 
the sun sets at the equinox, or any point in a direct line 
between the spectator or other object and that point of 
the horizon. 2. A country situated in the region towards 
the sun-setting, with respect to another. 

WEST, a. 1. Being in a Itne towards the point where tne 
sun sets when in the equator ; or, in a looser sense, being 
in the region near the line of direction towards that point, 
either on the earth or in the heavens. 2. Coming or 
moving from the west or western region ; as, a west wind 

WEST, adv. To the western region ; at the westward ; 
more westward ; as, Ireland lies west of England. 

t WEST, V. i. To pass to the west ; to set, as the sun. 

t WEST'ER-ING, a. Passing to the west. Milton. 

WEST'ER-LY, a. 1. Being towards the west ; situated ia 
the western region. 2. Moving from the westward. 



See Synwsls Ji , % T, 0, tj, "?, long — FS.R, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD j— f Obsolete. 



WHA 



923 



WHE 



WEST'ER-LY, adv. Tending towards the west. 

WEST'ERN, a. \west, and Sax. «rn.] 1. Being in the 
west, or in the region nearly in the direction of west ; 
being in that quarter where the sun sets, a Moving in a 
line to the part where the sun sets. 

WEST'ING, 71. Space or uistance westward ; or departure- 

WEST' WARD, adv. [Sax. westweard; west and weard.] 
Towards the west. 

VVEST'WARD-LY, adv. In a direction towards the west. 

WET, a. [Sax.tccBt ; Sw. vata; Dan. vcede.'] 1. Containing 
water, as wet land j or ha\ing water or other liquid upon 
the surface, as a wet table. 2. Rainy. 

WET, 71. 1. Water or wetness; moisture or humidity in 
considerable degree. 2. Rainy weather j foggy or misty 
weather. 

WET, V. t. ; pret. and pp. wet ; but wetted is sometimes 
used, [Sax.wcetan; Sw.vata; Ban. vceder.] 1. To fill or 
moisten with water or other liquid ; to sprinkle or humec- 
tate ; to cause to have water or other fluid adherent to 
the surface : to dip or soak in liquor. 2. To moisten with 
drink. 

WETH'ER, 71. [Sax. 2oether, or icedder.] A ram castrated. 

WET'NESS, 71. 1. The state of being wet, either by being 
soaked or filled with liquor, or by having a liquid adher- 
ent to the surface. 2, A watery or moist state of the at- 
mosphere ; a state of being rainy, foggy or misty. 

WET'-SHOD, a. Wet over the shoes. Mirror for Magis- 
trates. 

WET'TISH, a. Somewhat wet ; moist ; humid. 

WEX, V. t, or i. To grow ; to wax. [JVot to be used.'] See 
Wax. 

We'ZAND, for weasand. [See the latter.] 

[Note. — In words beginning with wh, the letter h, or aspi- 
rate, when both letters are pronounced, precedes the sound 
of w. Thus what, when, are pronounced hwat, hwen. 
So they were written by our ancestors, and so they ought to 
be written still, as they are by the Danes and Swedes.] 

WHA€K, V. t. To strike. [A vulgar word.] 

WHAEE, n. [Sax. hjcal, hiccel ; G. wallfisch ; D. walvisch ; 
Sw., Dan. hval.] The general name of an order of ani- 
mals inhabiting the ocean, arranged in zoology under the 
name of cete, or cetacea, and belonging to the class mamma- 
lia, in the Linnean system. The common whale is of the 
genus balava. It is :he largest animal of which we have 
any account, and probably the largest in the world. It is 
sometimes ninety feet in length in the northern seas, and 
in the torrid zone much larger. 

VVHaLE'BONE, n. A firm, elastic substance taken from 
the upper jaw of the whale. 

WHaLE'-FISH-ER-Y, 71. The fishery or occupation of 
taking whales. 

WHALL, or WHAUL, 71. A disease in the eyes, called 
glaucoma. 

WHaL Y, a. Marked with streaks ; properly, weahj. 

WHAME, n. A species of fly, tabanv^, the burrel-fly. 

t WHANG, 71. [Sax. thjcang.] A leather thong. 

WHANG, V. t. To beat. [JVot in use, or local.] Grose. 

WHAP, 7!. A blow. [Vulgar.] .See Awhap. 

WHAP'PER, n. Something uncommonly large of the kind. 
[ Vulgar.] 

WHARF, (hworf) 7?. [Sax. hwarf, hweorf ; D. werf; Dan. 
verf : Russ. vorph. In the plural, icharfs and wharves are 
both used.] A perpendicular bank or mound of timber, or 
stone and earth, raised on the shore of a harbor, ar ex- 
tending some distance into the water, for the convenience 
of lading and unlading ships and other vessels. 

WHARF, V. t. To guard or secure by a wharf or firm wall 
of timber or stone. 

WHARF'AGE, 71. The fee or duty paid for the privilege of 
using a wharf for loading or unloading goods, timber, 
wood, &c. 

WHARF'ING, n. Wharfs in general. 

WHARF'IN-GER, n. A man who has the care of a wharf, 
or the proprietor of a wharf. 

WHAT, pronoun relative, or substitute. [Sax. hiccet ; Goth. 
-i^aiht ; D. wat ; G. was : Dan., Sw. hvad; Scot, quhat.] 
1. That which. 2. Which part, 3. What is the substi- 
tute for a sentence or clause of a sentence. 4. What is 
used as an adjective, of both genders, often in specifying 
sorts or particulars ; as, see wliat colors this silk exhibits^ 
5. What is much used in asking questions. 6. What 
time, at the time or on the day when. 7. To how great a 
degree. 8. Whatever. 9. Some part, or some. 10. What 
is sometimes used elliptically for what is this ? or hoic is 
thisl 11. What \s used interrogatively and elliptically, 
as equivalent to what icill be the consequence? — What 
thouirh, that is, grant this or that; allow it to be so. — 
What lio, an exclamation of calling. 

tWHAT, 7!. Fare ; things; matter. Spenser. 

WHAT-EV'ER, pron. [what and ever.] 1. Being this or 
that ; being of one nature or another ; being one thing or 
another ; any thing that may be ; as, whatever is read, let 
it be read with attention. 2. All that ; the whole that ; 
all particulars that. 



WHAT-SO-EV'ER, a compound of what, so. and ever, has 
the sense of whatever, and is less used than the latter 
Indeed it is nearly obsolete.— JFAatso, in a like sense, is 
entirely obsolete. 

WHEAL, n. A pustule. See Weal. 

WHEAT, 71. [Sax. hwa:U ; Goth, hwit ,• G. weitzen ; Sw. 
hvete ; Dan. hvede ; D. weit.] A plant of the genus triti- 
cum, and the seed of the plant, which furnishes a white 
flour for bread, and, next to rice, is the grain most gener- 
ally used by the human race. 

WHeAT'-BiRD, 71. A bird that feeds on wheat. 

WHeAT'-eAR, 71. The English name of the motacilla 
ananthe ; called, also, white-tail and fallow-fnch. 

WHeAT'EN, (hweetn) a. Made of wheat. Pope. 

WHeAT'-PLUM, 7!. A sort of plum. 

WHEE'DLE, v. t. To flatter ; to entice by soft words 

WHEEDLE, V. i. To flatter ; to coax. 

WHEE'DLED, pp. Flattered ; enticed ; coaxed. 

WHEED'LER, n. One who wheedles. 

WHEED'LING, ppr. Flattering; enticing by soft words. 

WHEED'LING, 7t. The act of ifattering or enticing. 

WHEEL, 71. [Sax. hweol, hiceohl, hweogl, hiceogul ; D 
wiel ; Sw. Jiiul.] 1. A circular frame of wood, iron or 
other metal, consisting of a nave or hub, into which are 
inserted spokes which sustain a rim or felly ; the whole 
turning on an axis. 2. A circular body. 3. A carriage 
that moves on wheels. 4. An instrument for torturing 
criminals. 5. A machine for spinning thread, of various 
kinds. 6. Rotation ; revolution ; turn. 7, A turning 
about ; a compass. — 8. In pottery, a round board tukJ'Bd 
by a lathe in a horizontal position, on which the clay is 
shaped by the hand. 

WHEEL'-AN-I-MAL, n. A genus of animalcules, with 
anns for taking their prey, resembling wheels. 

WHEEL'-BAR-ROW, n. [wheel and barrow.] \ barrow 
moved on a single wheel. 

WHEEL -Boat, n. [wheel and boat.] A boat with wheels, 
to be used either on water or upon inclined planes. 

WHEEL'-€AR-RIAGE, 71. [wheel and carriage.] A car- 
riage moved on wheels. 

t WHEEL'ER, n. A maker of wheels. 

WHEEL'-FiRE, n. In chemistry, afire which encompasses 
the crucible without touching it. Cyc. 

WHEEL'-SHaPED, a. In botany, rotate ; monopetalous, 
expanding into a flat border at top, with scarcely any 
tube. 

WHEEL'- WRIGHT, n. [wheel and wright.j A man whose 
occupation is to make wheels and wheel-Ccurriages, as 
carts and wagons. 

WHEEL, V. t. 1. To convej' on wheels. 2. To put into a 
rotary motion ; to cause to turn round. 

WHEEL, V. i. 1. To turn on an axis. 2. To turn ; to 
move round. 3. To fetch a compass. 4. To roll forward. 

WHEELED, pp. Conveyed on wheels ; turned ; rolled 
round. 

WHEEL'ING, ppr. Conveying on wheels or in a wheel- 
carriage ; turning. 

WHEEL'ING, 71. 1. The act of conveying on wheels. 2. 
The act of passing on wheels, or convenience for passing 
en wheels. 3. A turning or circular movement of troops 
imbodied. 

WHEEL'Y, a. Circular ; suitable to rotation. Philips. 

WHEEZE, V. i. [Sax. hweosan ; Sw. hes ; Dan. hv(Eser.] 
To breathe hard and with an audible sound, as pereons 
affected with asthma. Sicift. 

WHEEZ'ING, ppr. Breathing with difficulty and noise. 

WHELK, 7(. 1. A wrinkle ; inequality on the surface ; pro- 
tuberance ; a pustule. 2. A shell of the genus buccinum. 
or trumpet-shell, uni valvular, spiral and gibbous, with an 
oval aperture ending in a short canal or gutter. 

WHELKED. See Welked. 

WHELK'Y, fl. Protuberant: embossed; rounded. Spenser 

WHELM, v.t. [Sax. ahwylfan ; Goth, hulyan ; Ice. wilma, 
or hicilma.] 1. To cover with water or other fluid ; to 
cover by immersion in something that envelops on all 
sides. 2. To cover completely ; to immerse deeply ; to 
overburden 3. To throw over so as to cover ; [obs ] 

WHELMED, pjk. Covered, as by being immersed. 

WHELMING, ppr. Covering, as by immersion 

WHELP, 7). [Dan. hvalp ; Sw. valp ; D welp.] ]. The 
young of the canine species, and of several other beasts of 
,.rey ; a puppy. 2. A son ; in contempt. Shak. 3. A 
young man ; in contempt. Jiddison. 

WHELP, V. i. To bring forth young, as the female of 
the canine species and some other beasts of prey. Boyle. 

WHEN, adv. [Goth. Iiwan ; Sax. hwcenne ; G.weiin.] ^. At 
the time. 2. At what time, interrogatively. 3. Which 
time. 4. After the time that. 5. At what time. — BTien 
as, at the time when ; what time ; [obs.] Milton. 

WHENCE, adv. [Sax. hwanon.] 1. From what place. 2. 
From what source. 3. From which premises, principles 
or facts. 4. How ; by what way or means. Mark xii.- 
5. In general, from which person, cause, place, principle 
or circumstance. — From whence may be considered as 



I 



* See »ynopsi9^ MOVE, BQOK, DOVE ;— B]JLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 aa J } S as Z ; CH ae SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolett. 



WHI 



924 



Will 



tautological , /ro;ft being implied in whence ,■ but the use is 
well autliorized. — Of whence is not now used. 

WHENCE-SO-EV'ER, adv. [y:hcnce, so, and ever.] From 
what place sotver ; from what cause or source soever. 

WHENL'E-EV'ER, See Whensoever. 

WBEX-EV'ER, ci^D. [when and ever.] At whatever time. 

WHEN-SO-EV'Eil, adv. [uhen, so, and ever.] At what 
time soever ; at whatever time. Locke. 

WHERE, adv. [Sax. hzder ; Goth, hwar ; Sw. hvar ; D. 
vaar.] 1. At which place or places, 2. At or in what 
place. 3. At the place in which. 4. Whither; to what 
place, or from what place. — imj where, in any place. 

WHERE-A-BOUT', ac'''-- [ichere and about.] 1. Near what 
place. 2. Near which place. Skak. 3. Concerning which. 

WHERE-AS', adv. [where and as.] 1. When in fact or 
truth ; implying opposition to something that precedes. 2. 
The thing being so that ; considering that things are so; 
implying an admission of facts. 3. Whereat ; at which 
place ; [obs.] Spenser. 4. But on the contrary. 

WHERE-AT , adv. [where and at.] 1. At which. 2. At 
what, interrogatively. 

WHERE-BY', adv. [where and by.] 1. By which. Shak. 
2. By what, interrogatively. Luke i. 

WHERE'FORE, a<^i'. [where and for.] 1. For which rea- 
son. 2. Why ; for what reason. 

■WHERE-IN', adv. [where and in.] 1. In which; in which 
thing, time, respect, book, &;c. 2. In what. 

+ WHERE-IN-TO , adv. [where and into.] Into which. 
Bacon. 

t^VHERE'NESS, n. Ubiety ; imperfect locality. 

WHERE-OF', adv [where and of.] 1. Of which; as, we 
are not guilty of x,ae crime whereof we are accused. 2. Of 
what : [obs.] 

WHERE-ON', adv. [where and on.] 1. On which. 2. On 
what ; [obs.] 

tWHERE'SO. See Wheresoever. 

WHERE-SO-EV'ER, adv. [where, so, and ever.] In what 
place soever ; in whatever place, or in any place indefi- 
nitelv. 

tWHERE'THROUGH, adv. Through which. 

WHERE-TO', adt. [where and to.] ]. To which. 2. To 
what ; to what end ; [little iLsed.] 

WHERE-L'N-TO', adv. [where and unto.] The same as 

I ichercto. [Little used.] 

WHERE-UP-ON', adv. Upon which. Clarendon. 

WHERE-EVER,a(Zf. [where and ever.] At whatever place. 

WHERE-WITII', adr. [where and with.] 1. With which. 
2. Willi what, interrogatively. 

WHERE-WITH-AL', ado. The same as wherewith. 

WHERN, n. Probablv a variation of ^mct-w. Dr. Clarke. 

WHEIi RET, r. (. [G'. ?C!Vre7(. Qu.] To hurry ; to trouble ; 
to tease ; to give a box on the ear. [Low.] 

t"WHER'RET^ n. A box on the ear. Beaumont. 

WHER'RY, ?!. [a different orthography of /er?-?/,] 1. A boat 
used on rivers. It is also applied to some decked vessels 
used in fishing, in different parts of Great Britain and 
Ireland. Mar. Diet. 2. A liquor made from the pulp of 
crabs ?fter the verjuice is expressed ; sometimes called 
crab-wnerry ; [local.] 

\'C^HET, V. t. ; pret. and pp. irhetted, or whet. [Sax. hwet- 
tan ; I), wetten.] 1. To rub for the purpose of sharpening, 
as an edge tool ; to sharpen by attrition, 2. To provoke ; 
to excite ; to stimulate. 3. To provoke ; to make angry 
or acrimonious. — To whet on, or whet forward, to urge on ; 
to instigate ; [obs.] Sliak. 

WHET, II. 1. The act of sharpening by friction. 2. Some- 
thing that provokes or stimulates the appetite. Spectator. 

V/HETH-ER, pronoun, or suustitute. [Sax. hwcether.] 1. 
Which of two. 2. When classed among adverbs, it re- 
tains its original character, and denotes which of two al- 
ternatives, expressed by a sentence or the clause of a 
sentence, and followed by or ; as, "resolve whether you 
will go or not ;" that is, you will go or not go ; resolve 
whir.h. 

WHETSTONE, n. [whet and stone.] A stone used for 
sharpening edged instruments bv friction. 

\^TIET'STONE-SLATE, or WHET'-SLATE, n. Novacu- 
lite, or coticular shist, a variety of slate used for sharpen- 
ing instruments of iron. 

WHETTED, pp. Rubbed for sharpening ; sharpened ; pro- 
voked ; stimalated. 

WHET'TER, /(. He or that which whets or sharpens. 

WHET'TING, ppr. Rubbing for the purpose of makmg 
sharp ; sharpening ; provoking ; inciting. 

WHEW'ER, n. Another name of the widgeon. [Local.] 

WHEY, 71. [Sax. hwceg ; D. wei, or hui.] The serum or 
watery part of milk, separated from the more thick or co- 
aeulabie part, particularly in the process of niaking cheese. 

WllEY'EY, a. Partaking of whey ; resembling whey. 

WmEY'ISH, a. Having the qualities of whey. Philips. 

WHEY'-TUB, n. A tub in which whey stands for yielding 
cr'^am, &c. Cijc. 

Wfi.GH, pron. relative, or substitute, [qu. Sax. hwilc : G. 
welcher ; D. welk-. ] 1. A word called a relative, or pronoun 



relative, because it relates to another word or thing, QSU. 
ally to some word that precedes it in the sentencr. — 2 
Which is much used in asking questions, for the purpose 
of obtaining the designation of a particular person or thing 
by the answer, and, in this use, it is of the masculine as 
well as of the neuter gender , as, which man is it .' 3 
That which. 

WIIICH-SO-Ev'eR 1 ^"^ Whether one or the other. 

WHI€K, a. Alive. JfoHh of England. 

WHIFF, 71. [W. givif] 1. A sudden expulsion of air from 
the mouth ; a puff. — 2. In ichthyology, a species of pieu 
ronectes or flounder. 

WHIFF, V. t. To puff; to throw out in whiffs ; to consume 
in whiifs. 

WHIFFLE, V. i. [D. weifelen ; G. zweifeln.] To start, shift 
and turn ; to change from one opinion or course to an- 
other ; to use evasions ; to prevaricate ; to be fickle and 
unsteady, 

WHIF'FLE, 7-. t. To disperse with a puff; to scatter. 

WHIF FLE, 71. Anciently, a fife or small flute. 

WHIF'FLER, n. I. One v.'ho whiffles or frequently changes 
his opinion or course ; one who uses shifts and evasions ic 
argument. 2. A harbinger ; perhaps one who blows the 
horn or trumpet. 3. A young man who goes before a 
company in London, cm occasions of public solemnity. 
Cyc. 

WHIF'FLING, ppr. Shifting and turning ; prevaricating , 
shuffling. 

WHIF'FLING, n. Prevarication. 

WHIG, n. [Sax. hwmg. See Whey,] Acidulated whey, 
sometimes mixed with buttermilk and sweet herbs ; used 
as a cooling beverage. [Local.] 

WHIG, ?i. [origin uncertain.] One of a political party 
which had its origin in England in the seventeenth cen- 
tury, in the reign of Charles I. or II. Those who sup- 
ported the king in his high claims, were called tories, and 
the advocates of popular rights were called whigs. Du- 
ring the revolution in the United States, the friends and 
supporters of the war and the principles of the revolution 
were called whigs, and those who opposed them were 
called tories and royalists. 

WHIG'GAR-CHY, n. Government by whigs. [Cant.] Swift. 

WHIG'GISH, a. Pertaining to whigs; partaking of the 
principles of whigs. Swift. 

WHIGGISM, )(. The principles of a whig. Swift. 

WHILE, n. [Sax. hwile ; Goth, hweila ; G. weil ; Dan. 
hvile.] Time ; space of time, or continued duration. — 
Worth ichile, worth the time which it requires ; worth 
the time and pains ; hence, worth the expense. 

WHILE, adv. 1. During the time that. 2. As long as 
Watts. 3. At the same time that. Pope. 

WHILE, V. t. [W. gwylaw ; Den. hviler ; Sw. hvila.] To 
while away, as time, in English, is to loiter; or, more 
generally, to cause tkne to pass away pleasantly, without 
irksomeness. 

WHILE, V. i. To loiter. Spectator. 

t WHiL'ERE, adv. [ichile and ere.] A Uttle while ago. 

V^'HlLING, j?;jr. Loitering; passing time agreeably, with- 
out impatience or tediousness. 

WHILK, w. A shell. See Wheek. 

fWril'LOM, acff. [Sax. hwilon.] Formerly; once; of old. 
Spenser. 

WHILST, adv. The same as while, which see. Whiles is 
not used. 

WHIM, 71. [Ice. hicima : W. g7cim.] 1. Properly, a sudden 
turn or start of the mind ; a freak ; a fancy ; a capricious 
notion. 2. A low wit; a cant word. 

WHIM'PER, r. i. [G. wimmern.] To cry with a low, 
whining, broken voice ; as, a child whimpers. Locke. 

WHIM'PER-ING, ppr. Crving with a low, broken voice. 

WHIxM'PER-ING, 7i. A low, muttering cry. 

WKIM'PLED, a word used by Shakspeare, is perhaps a 
mistake for whimpered. There is no such word. 

WHIM'SEY, n. A whim; a freak ; a capricious notion ; as, 
the whimseys of poets. Swift. 

WHIM'SEY, V. t. To fiU with whims. Beaumont and 
Fletcher. 

WHIM'SI-CAL, a. Full of whims ; freakish ; having odd 
fancies; capricious. Addison. 

WHIM'SI-€AL-LY, adv. In a whimsical manner ; freak- 
ishlv. 

WHIM'SI-€AL-NESS, n. Freakishness ; whunsical dis- 
position ; odd temper. 

WHI]Nr-WHAM, 71. [a ludicrous reduplication of ichim.] 
A plaything ; a toy ; an odd device ; a strange fancy. 

WHIN, n. [In W. gwyn is a weed ; L. genista spinosa.] 
Gorse ; furze ; a plant of the genus ulez. Lee. 

WIirN'-AX, 77. [rchin and axe.] An instrument used for 
extirpating whin from land. Cyc. 

WHIN'BREL, or WHIM'BREL, 71. A bird resembling the 
curlew. Diet. J\''at. Hist. 

WHIN'-CHAT, 71. A bird, a species of warbler. 

WHINE, V. t. [Sax. wanian and cwanian ; Goth, hwainon , 



» See Synopsis A, E, T, O, V, ^', long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— PIN, MARINE, BtRD;— f Obsolete. 



WHI 



925 



WHI 



Ban liviver ^ To express murmurs by a plaintive cry j to 
moan with a puerile noise 3 to murmur meanly. 
VVHIXE, n. A plaintive tone ; the nasal, puerile tone of 

mean complaint ; mean or affected complaint. Rowe. 
WBlX ER, n. One who whines. 

WHiX'IXG, -ppr. Expressing murmurs by a mean, plain- 
tive tone or ctrnt. 
VVHIN'XY, V. i. [L. hinnio.] To utter the sound of a horse ; 
to neigh. 

WHi:\^Vr, a. Abounding in whins. JVicolson and Burn. 

WHIXO€, 71. [G.wenig.] The small pig of a litter. JVew 
Englaiid. 

WHIN'-STONE, 71. [whin and stone ; Scot, qukyn-stane.] 
Whin-stone or whin is a provincial name given to basal- 
tic rocks, and applied by miners to any kind of dark-col- 
ored and hard, unstratified rock, which resists the point 
of the pick. 

WHIN-YaRD, n. A sword ; in contempt. Hudihras. 

WHIP, V. t. [Sax. hweopan ; D. icippen, zweepen; Dan. 
vipper.] 1. To strike witli a lash or sweeping cord. 2. To 
sew slightly. 3. To drive with lashes. 4. To punish 
with the whip. 5. To lash with sarcasm. 6. To strike 3 
to thrash 3 to beat out, as grain, by striking. — To whip 
about or raund, to wrap 3 to inwrap. J\Ioxon. — To ichip 
out, to draw nimbly 3 to snatch.— J'o whip from, to take 
away suddenly. — To whip into, to thmst in with a quick 
motion. — To whip up, to seize or take up with a quick 
motion. 

WHIP, V. i. To move nimbly 3 to start suddenly and run 5 
or to turn and run. 

WHIP, n. [Sax. hweop.] 1. An instrument for driving 
horses or other teams, or for correction, consisting of a 
lash tied to a handle or rod. — 2. In ships, a small tackle, 
used to hoist light bodies.— TFhip and spur, with the ut- 
most haste. 

WHIP-eORD, 71. Cord of which lashes are made. 

WHIP'-GRAFT, V. t. To graft by cutting the cion and 
stock in a sloping direction, so as to fit each other, and by 
inserting a tongue on the cion into a slit in tlie stock. 

WHIP-GRAFT-IXG, n. The act or practice of grafting by 
cutting the cion and stock with a slope, to fit each other, 
&c. Encyc. 

WHIP -HAXD, n. Advantage over. Dryden. 

WHIP -LASH, 71. The lash of a whip. Tusser. 

WHIPPED, pp. Struck with a whip 5 punished 3 inwrap- 
ed 3 sewed slightly. 

WHIP' PER, n. One who ^hi'^s ; particularly , an. officer 
who inflicts the penalty of legal whipping. 

WHIP'PER-SXAP PER, n. A diminutive, insignificant 
person. Brockett. 

WHIP PIXG, ppr. Striking with a whip 3 punishing with 
a whip ; inwrapping. 

WHIP'PIXG, n. The act of striking with a whip, or of 
piinishins ; the state of beins whipped. 

WHIP PIX~G-PoST, n. [irhipping and post.'] A post to 
which offenders are tied when whipped. 

WHIP'PLE-TREE, n. [ichip and tree ; but qu. is it not 
whiffle-tree ?] The bar to which the traces or tugs of a 
harness are fastened, and by which a carriage, a plough, a 
harrow or other implement is drawn. 

WHIP'PO-WIL, n. The popular name of an American 
bird, so called from its note, or the sounds of its voice. 
[Xot tchip-poor-will.] 

WHIP-SAW, 71. A saw to be used by two persons. 

WHIP-STaFF, 71. [ichip and staff.] In ships, a bar by 
which the rudder is turned. 

WHIP STER, n. A nimble fellow. Prior. 

A'HIP'-STITCH, v. t. [ichip and stich.] In agriculture, to 
haJf-plou2h or to rafter land. 

WHIP -STOCK, 7!. [whip and stock.] The rod or staff to 
wliich the lash of a whip is fastened. 

WHIPT, pp. of whip ; sometimes used for lohipped. 

WHiR, V. i. To whirl round with noise 3 to fly with noise. 

WHlR, V. t. To hurry. 

WHIRL, V. t. [Sax. hicyrfan : D. wervelen : G. wirieln : 
Dan. hvirveler.] To turn round rapidly 5 to turn with 
velocity. 

WHIRL, V. i. 1. To be turned round rapidly , to move 
round with velocity. 2. To move hastily. Drvden. 

WHIRL, n. [G. icirbel ; Dan. hvirvel.] 1. A turning Avith 
rapidity or velocity 5 rapid rotation or circumvolution 3 
quick gyration. 2. Any thing that moves or is turned 
with velocity, particularly on an axis or pivot. 3. A hook 
used in twisting. — 4. In botany, a species of inflorescence, 
consisting of many subsessile flowers surrounding the 
stem in a ring. Jlartyn. 

WHiRL'-BAT, 7i. [ichirl and bat.] Any thing moved 
with a whirl as preparatory for a blow, or to augment the 
force of it. 

WHIRL -BLAST, 72. A whiriing blast of wind. 

WHIRL'-BOXE, n. [whirl and bone.] The patella 3 the 
cap of the knee 3 the kneepan. Ainsicorth. 

WHIRLED, ;?;>. 1. Turned round with velocity.— 2. In bot- 
any, growing in whirls 3 bearing whirls 3 verticillate. 



WHiRL'I-GIG, 7J. [whirl and gig.] 1. A toy which chil 
dren spin or whirl round.— 2. In militarxj antiquities, an 
instrument for punishing petty offende'rs, as sutlers, 
brawling women, <fcc.3 a kind of wooden cage turni)ig on 
a pivot, in which the oflender was whirled round with 
great velocity. 

W HiRL'IXG, j>pr. Turning or moving round with velo- 
city. 

WHiRL'IXG-Ta-BLE, 7i. A machine contrived to exhibit 
and demonstrate the principal laws of gravitation, and 
of the planetary motions in curvilinear orbits. 

t WHiRL'-PIT, 71. A whirlpool. 

WHiRL'POOL, 71. [whirl and pool.] An eddy of water ; 
a vortex or gulf where the water moves round in a circle 

W^I'tRL W'lXD, n. [whirl and wind.] A violent wind 
moving in a circle, or rather in a spiral form, as if moving 
round an axis. 

WHIR-RAW'. SeeHooRA. 

WHiR RING, n The sound of a partridge's or pheasant s 
wings. 

WHISH, V. i. To become silent. J^Torth of England. 

WHISK, 7!. [G., D. wisch.] 1. A small bunch of grass* 
straw, hair or the like, used for a brush 3 hence, a brush or 
small besom. 2. Part of a woman's dress ; a kind of tippet. 

WHISK, V. t. 1. To sweep, brush cr wipe with a whisk 

2. To sweep along 3 to move nimbly over the ground. 
WHISK, V. i. To luove nimbly and with velocity. 
WHISK' ER, n. Long hair growing on the human cheek. 
WHISK'ERED, a. Formed into whiskers 3 furnished with 

Wilis kers. 
WHISK'ET, 71. A basket. [Local.] 
W^HlSK'iXG, ppr. Brushing 3 sweeping along 3 moving 

witli velocity along the surface, 
WHISKY, n. [Ir. uisge, water, whence usquebaugh; W. 

wysg.] A spirit distilled from grain. 
WHIS'PER, v. i. [Sax. hicisprian ; Dan. hvisker ; Sw. 

hviska.] 1. To speak with a low, hissing or sibilant 

voice. 2. To speak with suspicion or timorous caution 

3. To p.ot secretly 3 to devise mischief. 
WHISPER, V. t. 1. To address in a low voice. 2. To ut- 
ter in a low, sibilant voice. 3. To prompt secietly. 

WHIS'PER, 7(. 1. A low, sof^, sibilant voice 3 or words ut- 
tered with such a voice. 2. A cautious or timorous speech. 
3. A hissing or buzzing sound. 

WHISPERED, pp. Uttered in a low voice 3 uttered with 
suspicion or caution. 

WHIS'PER-ER, 7^ 1. One who whispers. 2. A tattler 
one who tells secrets 3 a conveyer of intelligence secretly 
3. A backbiter 3 one who slanders secretly. Prov. xvi. 

WHIS PER-IXG, ppr. Speaking in a low voice 5 telling se- 
cretly , backbiting. 

WHIS PER-IXG, 71. The act of speaking with a low voice 5 
the telling of tales, and exciting of suspicions 3 a back- 
biting. 

W"HIS'PER-IXG-LY, adv. In a low voice. 

WHIST, a. [Corn, huist.] Silent3 mute; still 3 not speak- 
ing ; not making a noise. Milton.— Whist is used for be 
silent. Whist, ichist, that is, be silent. 

WHIST, ?i. A game at cards, so called because it requires 
silence or close attention. 

WHISTLE, (whis 1) v. i. [Sax. hwistlan ; Sw. hvissla ; 
Dan. hvidsler.] I. To utter a kind of musical sound, by 
pressing the breath through a small orifice formed by con • 
tracting the lips. 2. To make a sound with a small wind- 
instrument. 3. To sound shrill, or like a pipe. 

WHIS'TLE, V. t. I. To form, utter or modulate by whis- 
tling. 2. To call by a whistle. 

WHIS'TLE, n. [Sax. hwistle : L.. fistula.] 1. A small wind 
instrument. 2. The sound made by a small wind instru- 
ment. 3. Sound made by pressingthe breath through a 
small orifice of the lips. 4 The mouth 3 the organ of 
whistling 3 [vulgar.] 5. A small pipe, used by a boat- 
swain to summon the sailors to their duty ; the boat- 
swain's call. 6. The shrill sound of winds passing among 
trees or through crevices, fcc. 7. A call, such as sports- 
men use to their dogs. 

WHISTLED, pp. Sounded with a pipe 3 uttered in a 
whistle. 

WHIS TLE-FISH, 71. A local name of a species of gadits, 
with onlv two fins on the back. 

WHIS'TLJER, /;. One who whistles. 

W^HIS'TLIXG, ppr. Uttering a musical sound through a 
small orifice of the lips 3 sounding with a pipe 3 makiiig a 
shrill sound, as wind. 

WHIS'TLY, adv. Silently. 

WHIT, n. \_Sa.x. wiht.] A point 3 a jot 5 the smallest part 
or particle'imaginable. 

WHITE, a. rSax. hwit ; Sw. hvit ; Dan. hvid ; D. wit : G. 
wetss.] 1. 'Being of the color of pure snow 5 snowy 3 not 
dark. 2. Pale ; destitute of color in the cheeks, or of the 
tinge cf blood color. 3. Having the color ol purity ; 
pute 3 clean 5 free from spot. 4. Gray 3 hs, white hmr. 
5. Pure 5 unblemished. — 6. In a Scriptural se/i^e, purified 
from sin ; sanctified, Ps. li. 



* .<?ee Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE -€ as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH 3 TH as in thig. \ Olnjlete 



WHI 



926 



WHO 



WHITE, n. 1. One of the natural colors of bodies, but not 
stvictly a color, for it is said to be a composition of all the 
colors ; destitution of all stain or obscurity on the surface ; 
whiteness. 2. A white spot or thing ; the mark at which 
an arrow is shot.— fVhite of the eye, that part of the ball 
oi" the eye surrounding the iris or colored part. — White of 
an egg. the albumen, or pellucid, viscous fluid, which 
sui rounds the vitellus or yelk. 

WHITE, V. t. To make white ; to whiten ; to whitewash. 

VVhlTE'-BAIT, n. A very small, delicate fish. 

WHITE'-BeAM, n. The white-leaf-tree. Lee. 

WHiTE-BEaR, 71. [white and bear.] The bear that in- 
habits the polar regions. 

WHITE'-BRANT, n. A species of the duck kind. 

WHiTE'-BUG, n. An insect of the bug kind. 

WHiTE'-€AM'PI-ON, n. A nernicious perennial weed. 

WHirE'-€AT'ER-PIL-LAR,''7i. An insect. 

WHlTE'-CE?^'TAU-RY, n. An annual weed in woods. 

WHlTE'-€Lo-VER, n. A small species of perennial clo- 
ver, bearing white flowers. 

WHiTE'-€ROr, n. White crops, in agriculture, are such 
as become white in ripening, as wheat. 

WHiTE'-DAR'NEL, n. A troublesome weed. 

WHiTE'-eAR, or WHiTE'-TaIL, n. A bird, the faUow- 
finch. 

WHITE -FACE, or WHITE'-BLAZE, n. A white mark 
in the forehead of a horse, descending almost to the 
nose. 

WHITE'-FILM, n. A white film growing over the eyes 
of sheep. 

WHiTE'-FOOT, n. A white mark on the foot of a horse. 

WHITE'-H6N'EY-SU€-KLE, n. A name sometimes giv- 
en to the white clover. Cyc. 

WHITE'-HORSE-FISH, n. In ichthyology, the raia 
fullonica of Linne. 

WHiTE'-LAND, n. A name which tho English give to a 
tough, clayey soU, of a whitish hue when dry. 

WHlTE'-LEAD, n. A carbonate of lead, much used in 
painting. D. Olmsted. 

WHiTE'-LiMED, a. Whitewashed, or plastered with 
lime. 

WHiTE'-LlNE, 71. Among printers, a void space, broader 
than u?ual, left between lines. 

WHITE'-LIV'ERED, a. 1. Having a pale look ; feeble ; 
cowardly. 2. Envious ; malicious. 

WHiTE'-iMAN'GA-NESE, n. An ore of manganese ; car- 
bonated oxydized manganese. 

WHiTE'-MeAT, 71. [white and meat.] Meats made of 
milk, butter, cheese, eggs and the like. Svenser. 

WHiTE'-POP'LAR, n. A tree of the poplar kind. 

WHiTE'-POP'PY, n. A species of poppy. 

WHiTE'-POT, 71. [white and pot.] A kind of food made 
of milk, cream, eggs, sugar, &c. baked in a pot. King. 

WHiTE'-PRE-CIP I-TATE, n. Carbonate of mercury. 

WHiTE'-PY-Ri'TES, n. An ore of a tin-white color. 

WHiTE'-RENT, n. In Devon and Cornwall, arent or duty 
of eight pence, payable yearly by every tinner to the 
duke of Cornwall, as lord of the soil. 

WHITE'-SALT, 71. Salt dried and calcined ; decrepitated 
salt. 

WHiTE'STER, n. A bleacher. [Local.] 

WHiTE'STONE, 71. In geology, a species of rocks. 

WHTTE'-SWELL-ING, n. A svveUing or chronic enlarge- 
ment of the joints, circumscribed, without any alteration 
in the color of the skin, sometimes hard, sometimes 
yielding to pressure, sometimes indolent, but usually 
painful. 

WHiTE'-TaIL, n. A bird, the wheat-ear. 

WHiTE'-THORN, n. A species of thorn. 

WHiTE'-THRoAT, n. A small bird. Linne. 

WHITE'-VIT'RI-OL, 71. Sulphate of zink. Cyc. 

WHiTE'WASH, 71. 1. A wash or liquid composition for 
whitening something ; a wash for making the skin fair. 
2. A composition of lime and water, used for whitening 
the plaster of walls, &c. 

WHITE'WASH, V. t. 1. To cover with a white liquid com- 
position, as with lime and water, &c. 2. To make 
white ; to give a fair external appearance. 

WHlTE'WASHED, pp. Covered or overspread with a 
white liquid composition. 

WHiTE'WASH-ER, n. One who whitewashes the walls 
or plastering of apartments. 

WHiTE'WASH-ING, ppr. Overspreading or washing with 
a v/hite liquid composition. 

WHITE'-WA-TER, n. A disease of sheep. 

WfllTE'-WAX, n. Bleached wax. 

WHiTE'-WlNE, n. Any wine of a clear, transparent color, 
bordering on white, as' Madeira, Lisbon, &c. 

WHiTE'WOOD, 71. A species of timber-tree growing in 
N. America,* the liriodendron, or tulip-tree. Mease. 

WHlTED, pp. Made white ; whitened. 

t WHITE'LY, adv. Coming near to white. Shak. 

WHIT'EN, (hwi'tn) v t. To make white ; to bleach ; to 
blanch. 



WHIT'EN, V. t. To grow white; to turn or become 
white. 

WHiT'ENED,pjj. Made white; bleached. 

WHiT'EN-ER, n. One who bleaches or makes white. 

WHlTE'NESS, 71. 1. The state of being white; white 
color, or freedom from any darkness or obscurity on the 
surface. 2. Paleness; want of a sanguineous tinge in 
the face. 3. Purity ; cleanness ; freedom from stain or 
blemish. 

WHITES, 71. The fluor albus, a disease of females. 

WHITH'ER, adv. [Sax. hwyder.] 1. To what place, in- 
terrogatively. 2. To what place, absolutely. 3. To 
which place, relatively. 4. To what point or degree. 5. 
Whithersoever. 

WHITH'ER-SO-EV'ER, adv. To whatever place. 

WHiT'ING, 71. [from white.] 1. A small sea fish. C-yc. 
2. The same as Spanish white, which see. 

WHiT'ISH, a. Somewhat vvhite ; white in a moderate de- 
gree. Bovle. 

WHlT'ISH-NESS, n. The quality of being somewhat 
white. Boyle. 

WHIT'LEATH-ER, n. Leather dressed with alum, remark- 
able for its toughness. Chapman. 

WHIT'LoW, 71. [Sax. hwit, white, and low, a flame. Q,u.j 

1. In surgery, paronychia, a swelling or inflammation 
about the nails or ends of the fingers, or affecting one or 
more of the phalanges of the fingers, generally tormina 
ting in an abscess. — 2. In sheep, the whitlow is a disease 
of the feet, of an inflammatory kind. 

WHIT'LoW-45RASS, 71. 1. Mountain knot-grass. Cyc 

2. A name given to certain species of draba. Lee. 
WHIT'SOUR, 71. A sort of apple. 

1 WHIT'STEE, 71. A whitener ; a bleacher. Shak. 

WHIT'SUL, 71. A provincial name of milk, sour milk, 
cheese-curds and butter. Carew. 

WHIT'SUN, a. Observed at Whitsuntide. Shak. 

WHIT'SUN-TlDE, «. [white, Sunday and tide.] The 
feast or season of Pentecost ; so called, it is said, because, 
in the primitive church, those who had been newly bap- 
tized appeared at church between Easter and Pentecost 
in white garments. Ctjc. 

WHIT'TEN-TREE, n. A sort of tree. Ainsworth. 

WHIT'TLE, n. [Sax. hwitel, hwitle.] 1. A small pocket 
knife. 2. A white dress for a woman. 

WHIT'TLE, v. t. 1. To pare or cut off the surface of a 
thing with a small knife. 2. To edge ; to sharpen ; [obs.] 

WHi'TY-BROWN, a. Of a color between white" and 
brown. [Local in England.] Pegge. 

WHIZ, V. t. [allied to hiss.] To make a humming or hiss- 
ing sound, like an arrow or ball flying through the air. 

WHIZ, 71. A hissing sound. 

WHIZ'ZING, ppr. Making a humming or hissing sound. 

WHO, (hoo) pron. relative. [Sax. hwa ; D. wie ; L. qui ; Fr. 
que.] 1. Who is a pronoun relative, always referring to 
persons. 2. Which of many. 3. It is much used in ask- 
ing questions ; as, icho art thou ? 4. It has sometimes a 
disjunctive sense. — 5. Whose is of all genders ; as, whose 
book is this ? — As icho should say, elliptically for as one 
who should say. Collier. 

WHc5-EV'ER, proTi. [who and ever.] Any one without ex- 
ception ; any person whatever. 

WHOLE, (hole) a. [In Sax. walg, onwalg ; D. heel, geheel ; 
G. heil ; Sw. hel ,- Dan. heeL] 1. All ; total ; containing 
the total amount or number, or the entire thing ; as, the 
ichole earth. 2. Complete ; entire ; not defective or im- 
perfect ; as, a whole orange. 3. Unimpaired ; unbroken : 
uninjured. 4. Sound ; not hurt or sick. 5. Restored tc 
health and soundness ; sound ; well. 

WHOLE, 71. 1. The entire thing ; the entire or total as- 
semblage of parts. 2. A system ; a regular combination 
of jiarts. Pope. 

WHoLE'SALE, n. [whole and sale.] 1. Sale of goods by 
the piece or large quantity ; as distinguished from retail 

2. The whole mass. 

WHoLE'SALE, a. 1. Buying and selling by the piece or 
quantity. 2. Pertaining to the trade by the piece or 
quantity. 

WHoLE'SoME, a. [whole and some ; G. heilsam.] 1. 
Tending to promote health ; favoring health ; salubrious ; 
as, wholesome air. 2. Sound ; contributing to the health 
of the mind ; favorable to morals, religion or prosperity. 

3. Useful ; salutary ; conducive to public happiness, virtue 
or peace. 4. That utters sound words. 5. Kindly; 
pleasing. — Wholesome ship, a ship that will try, hull and 
ride well. Diet. 

WHoLE'SoME-LY, adv. In a wholesome or salutary 

manner; salubriously. 
WHoLE'SoME-NESS, n. 1. The quality of contributing 

to health; salubrity. 2. Salutariness ; conducive>nes.s to 

the health of the mind or of the body politic. 
WIloL'LY, adv. 1. Entirely ; completely ; perfectly. 2 

Totally ; in all the parts or kinds. Addison. 
WHOM, (boom.) The objective of who, coinciding with the 

L quern and quam. 



SM Synopsis A, E, I O, U, Y, long.—FKH, FALL, WH^T ;— PRgY;— PIN, MARINE, BtRDj— f Obsolete 



WID 



927 



WIL 



WHOM-SO-EV'ER, "pron. [whom and soever.] Any 
without exception. 

tWHOO'BUB, for huhbub. Skak. 

WHOOP, (hoop). [This is the same as hoop, but aspirated ; 
Goth, loopyan ; Sax. hweopan.] 1. A shout of pursuit. 
2. A shout of war ; a particular cry of troops when ihey 
rush to the attack. 3. The bird called hoopoe or upupa. 

WHOOP, u.i. To shout with a particular voice. Shak. 

WHOOP, V. t. To insult with shouts. Dryden. 

WHOOT, (hoot) V. i. See Hoot. 

WHOP, ?i. [the vulgar pronunciation of wAa^ or flwAap.] A 
sudden fall, or the suddenness of striking in a fall. 

WHORE, ^(h5re) n. [Sax. hor-cwen, hore-woman ; Sw. ho- 
ra, hor-kuna ; Dan. hore, hore-kone ; G, hure ; D. Acer.] 
A harlot ; a courtesan ; a concubine ; a prostitute. 

WHORE, V. I. To have unlawful sexual commerce ; to 
practice lewdness. 

WHORE, V. t. To corrupt by lewd intercourse. [L. u.] 

WHoRE'DoM, (hore'dum) n. 1. Lewdness ; fornication ; 
practice ot unlawful commerce with the other sex. — 2. In 
Scripture, idolatry ; the desertion of the worship of the 
true God for the worship of idols. 

WHoRE'MAS-TER, n. One who practices lewdness. 

WHoRE'M6N-GER, n. The same as whoremaste". 

WHoRE'SoN, n. A bastard ; used in contempt. Shak. 

WHoR'ISH, a. Lewd; unchaste; addicted to unlawful 
sexual pleasures : inccntinent. 

WHoR'ISH-LY, adv. In a lewd manner. 

WHoR'ISH-NESS, n. The practice of lewdness ; the char- 
acter of a lewd woman. Hale. 

wggSfeJs-w— • 

WHoRT, n. The fruit of the whortleberry ; or the shrub. 

WH6R'TLE-BER-RY, n. [Sax. heort-berg.] A plant or 
shrub and its fruit, of the genus vacciniuni. 

WH5SE, (hooz). The possessive or genitive case of who 
or 2ohich ; applied to persons or things. 

WHOSE-SO-EV'ER, pron. [whose and soever.] Of any 
person whatever. John xx. 

fWHO'SO, ( hoo'so) ^ron. Any person whatever. 

WHO-SO-EV'ER, 2>roK. [who, so and ever.] Any one; any 
person whatever. 

WHUR, V. i. To pronounce the letter r with too much 
force. 

WHUR, 71. Thesound of a body moving through the air 
with velocity. See Whir. 

WHURT, 71. A whortlebeny or bilberry See Whokt 

t^^'HY, adv. [Sax. hwi, and 'for hwi, or for hwig, for why. 
So pourquoi, in French, is the same ; pour, and L. quid, 
quod, for what.] 1. For what cause or reason, interroga- 
tively. 2. For which reason or cause, relatively. 3. For 
what reason or cause ; for which ; relatively. 4. It is 
used, sometimes, emphatically, or rather as an expletive. 

WHy'NOT, n. A cant word for violent and peremptory 
procedure. Hudibras. 

WI, from the Gothic weiha, signifies holy. It is found in 
some names, as in Wibert, holy-bright, or bright-holy. 

WI€, WICK, a termination, denotes jurisdiction, as in 
bailiwick. Its primary sense is a village or mansion, L. 
vicus ; Sax. wic, or wye ; hence it occurs in Berwick, Har- 
wich, JVorwich, &c. It signifies also a bay or a castle. 
Oibson. 

WI€K, n. [Sax. weoc ; Sw. veke ; Ir. buaic] A number of 
threads of cotton or some similar substance, loosely twist- 
ed into a string, round which wax or tallow is applied, 
and thus forming a candle or torch. 

WI€K'ED, a. [Sw. vika, to decline, to err ; Sax. wican, to 
recede, to slide, to fall away.] 1. Evil in principle or 
practice ; deviating from the divine law ; addicted to vice ; 
sinful ; immoral. 2. A word of slight blame. 3. Curs- 
ed ; baneful ; pernicious ; [obs.] — The wicked, in Scripture, 
persons who live in sin. 

WI€K'ED-LY, adv. In a manner or with motives and de- 
signs contrary to the divine law ; viciously ; corruptly ; 
immorally. 

WI€K'ED-NESS, n. Departure from the rules of the divine 
law ; evil disposition or practices ; immorality ; crime ; 
sin ; sinfulness ; corrupt manners. 

WI€K'EN, \ n. The sorbus aucuparia, mountain- 

WI€K'EN-TREE, \ ash, or roan-tree. 

WI€K'ER, a. [Dan. vien, probably contracted from vigen.] 
Made of twigs or oziers ; as, a wicker basket. 

WI€K'ET, n. [Fr, guichet ; W. gwiced.] A small gate 

WI€K'LIFF-ITE, n. A follower of WickliflTe. 

WID'DY. See Withy. 

WIDE, a. [Sax. wid, wide ; D. wyd ; G. zoeit ; Dan. vid.] 
1. Broad ; havmg a great or considerable distance or ex- 
tent between the sides ; opposed to narrow ; as, wide 
cloth. 2. Broad ; having a great extent each way. 3. 
Remote ; distant. 4. Broad to a certain degree. 

WIDE, adv. 1. At a distance ; far. 2. With great extent; 
used chiefly in composition ; as, wide-skirted meads. 

WiDE'LY, adv. 1. With great extent each way. 2. Very 
much ; to a great distance ; far. 



WTD'ENjU. t. To make wideor wider ; to extend in breadth 
WiD'EN, V. i. To grow wide or wider ; to enlarge ; to ex- 
tend itself. Pope. 
WiD'ENED, pp. Made wide ; extended in breadth. 
WiDE'NESS, n. 1. Breadth ; width ; great extent between 

the sides. 2. Large extent in all directions. 
WiD'EN-ING, ppr. Extehding the distance between the 

sides ; enlarging in all directions. 
WID'GEOJSI, 71. A fowl of the duck kind. 
WID'oW, n. [Sax. wideio ; G. wittwe ; D. weduwe ; Dan 

vidue ; L. vidua. ] A woman who has lost her husband by 

death. Lx(,ke ii. 
WID'oW, V. t. 1. To bereave of a husband ; hut rarely 

■used except in the participle. 2. To endow with a wid 

ow's right ; [unusual.] 3. To strip of any thing good. 
WID'OW-BENCH, n. [widow and bench.] In Sussex, that 

share which a widow is allowed of her husband's estate, 

besides her jointure. 
WlDoWED, pp. I. Bereaved of a husband by death. 2 

Deprived of some good; stripped. Philips. 
WID'oW-ER, n. A man who has lost his Wife by death. 
WID'oW-HOOD, 71. 1. The state of being a widow. 2 

Estate settled on a widow ; [obs.] Shak. 
WID'oW-HUNT'ER, 7i. [icidow and hunter.] One who 

seeks or courts widows for a jointure or fortune. 
WID'oW-ING, ppr. Bereaving of a husband ; depriving ; 

stripping. 
WID'oW-MaK'ER, n. [widoio and maker.] One who 

mak^s widows by destroying lives. Shak. 
WID'oW- WaIL, n. In botany, a plant. Lee. 
WIDTH, n. [from toide ; G. weite ; D. wydte.] Breadth j 

wideness ; the extent of a thing from side to side. 
WIeLD, v. t. [Sax. wcnldan, waldan ; Goth, ga-waldan.] 

1. To use with full command or power, as a thing not too 
heavy for the holder to manage. 2. To use or employ 
with the hand. 3. To handle ; in an ironical sense. — To 
wield the sceptre, to govern with supreme command. 

WIeLD'ED, pp. Used with command ; managed. 

WIeLD'ING, ppr. Using with power; managing. 

WIeLD'LESS, a. Unmanageable. Spenser. 

WIeLD'Y, a. That may be wielded; manageable. 

Wl'£R-Y, a. 1. Made of wire; having the properties of 
wire. 2. [Sax. war, a pool.] Wet ; marshy ; [obs.] Shak. 

WIFE, n. ; plu. Wives. [Sax. wif ; D. wyf.] 1. The law- 
ful consort of a man ; a woman who is united to a man in 
the lawful bonds of wedlock ; the correlative of husband 

2. A woman of low employment ; as, strawberry-wi-ces; 
lobs.] 

WiFE'HOOD, n. State and character of a wife. Beaumont 
and Fletcher. 

WIFELESS, a. Without a wife ; unmarried. Chaucer. 

WiFE'LY, a. Becoming a wife. Dryden. 

WIG, in Saxon, signifies war. It is found in oome names. 

WIG, 71. [G. week.] 1. A covering for the head, consisting 
of hair interwoven or united by a kind of net-work, for- 
merly much worn by men. 2. A sort of cake; [obs.] 

WIG'EON. See Widgeon. 

Wight, n. [Sax. imht y G. wicht ; Goth, waiht.] A being, 
a person. Jt is obsolete, except in irony or burlesque. 

t WIGHT, a. [Sax. hiccet.] Swift ; nimble. Spenser. 

t WlGHT'LY, adv. Swiftly ; rimbly. Spenser. 

WfG'WAM, 71. An Indian cabin or hut, so called in jlmer- 
ica. It is sometimes written weekioam. 

WILD, a. [Sax., D.,G. w^W,•Sw.,Dan.^'^Z<^.] 1. Roving , 
wandering; inhabiting the forest or open field; hence 
not tamed or domesticated ; as, a wild boar. 2, Growing 
without culture ; as, wild parsnep. 3. Desert ; not inhab- 
ited. 4. Savage; uncivilized; not refined by culture 
5. Turbulent; tempestuous; irregular. 6. Licentious, 
ungoverned. 7. Inconstant ; mutable ; fickle. 8. Inor- 
dinate ; loose. 9. Uncouth ; loose. 10. Irregular ; disor- 
derly ; done without plan or order. 11. Not well di- 
gested ; not framed according to the ordinary rules of rea- 
son ; not bemg within the limits of probable practicability , 
imaginary ; fanciful. 12. Exposed to the wind and sea 
13. Made or found in the forest. — Wild is prefixed to th4 
names of many plants, to distiiiguish them from such of 
the name as are cultivated in gardens; as, wila basil 
wild olive, &c. 

WILD, 71. A desert ; an uninhabited and uncultivated tract 
or region ; a forest or sandy desert. 

WiLD'FiRE, n. [wild and fire.] 1. A composition of in- 
flammable materials. 2. A disease of sheep, attended 
with inflammation of the skin ; a kind of erysipelas. 

WiLD'-FOVVL, n. Fowls of the forest, or untamed. 

WiLD'-GOOSE, 71. [wild and goose.] An aquatic fowl of 
the genus anas, the anas anser, a fov/1 of passage. — TVild- 
goose chase, the pursuit of something as unlikely to be 
caught as the wild-goose. Shak. 

WlLD'-H6N-EY, 7i. [jcild and honey.] Honey that is found 
in the forest, in hollow trees or among rocks. 

WILD'-LAND, n. [wild and land.] 1. Land not cultiva- 
ted, or in a state that renders it unfit for cultivation.— 2. 
In .America, forest ; land not settled and cultivated. 



See Synopsis MOVE, BOpK , DOVE ;— B^LL, UNITE.— € as K ; O as J ; ffi as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



WIL 



9^8 



WIN 



iYILiy-SER-VICE, 71. A plant. Miller. 

WlL'DER,v.t. [Ban. vilder.] To lose or cause to lose the 
way or track ; to puzzle with mazes or difficulties ; to be- 
wilder. Pope. 

WIL'UERED, pp. Lost in a pathless tract: puzzled. 

W I L'DER-IAG, ppr. Puzzling. 

Wiii'UER-NESS, n. [from Kiid.] 1. A desert; a tract of 
land or region uncultivated and uninhabited by human 
beings, whether a forest or' a wide, barren plain. — In the 
Uh.ted States, it is applied only to a forest. — In Scripture. 
it is applied frequenily to the deserts of Arabia. 2. The 
ocean, 3. A state of disorder ; [obs.'] 4. A wood in a 
garden, resembling a forest. 

^VILD'ING, n. A wild, sour apple. Mortimer. 

WiLD'LY, adv. 1. AVithout cultivation. More. 2. With- 
out taraeness. 3. With disorder; with perturbation or 
distraction ; with a fierce or roving look. 4. Without at- 
tention ; heedlessly. 5. Capriciously ; irrationally ; ex- 
travagantly. 6. Irregularly. 

WiLD'NESS, 71, 1. Rudeness : rough, uncultivated state. 

2. Inordinate disposition to rove ; irregularity of manners. 

3. tfavageness ; brutality, 4. Savage state ; rudeness, 
5, Uncultivated state, 6. A wandering ; irregularity, 7, 
Alienation of mind, 8, Slate of being untamed, 9, The 
quality of being undisciplined, or not subjected to method 
or rules. 

WILDS, 71. Among farmers, the part of a plough by which 
it is drawn. \_Local.1 

WILE, n. [Sax. toiUi Ice. wul ; W./eZ.] A trick or strat- 
agem practiced for insnaring or deception ; a sly, msidi- 
ous artifice. 

WILE, V. t. To deceive ; to beguile, [i. ?t.] Spenser. 

Wi'LT-LY, adv. By stratagem ; with insidious art. 

Wi'LI-NESS, n. [from wily.] Cunning ; guile. 

WILK, or WIIILK, n. [G. welken, to wither or cause to 
wither.] A species of shell. /See Welk. 

WILL, n. [Sax. willa ; Goth. 2cilja : D. wil, or icille ; G. 
tcille.] 1. That faculty of the iriind by which we deter- 
mine either to do or forbear an action ; the faculty which 
is exercised in deciding, . among two cr more objects, 
which Vv-e shall embrace or pursue. The zcill is directed 
or influenced by the judgment. The understanding or 
reason compares different objects, wliich operate as mo- 
tives; Vae judrrment determines which is preferable, and 
the icill decides which to pursue. 2. Choice ; determina- 
tion. 3. Choice; discretion; pleasure. 4. Command; 
direction. 5. Disposition ; inclination ; desire. 6. Pow- 
er ; arbitrary disposal. 7. Divine determination ; moral 
purpose or counsel. 8. Testament; the disposition of a 
man's estate, to take effect after his death. — Good-will. 1, 
Favor ; kindness, Shak. 2, Right intention, Pliil. i. — 
Ill-will, enmitj , unfriendliness. It expresses less than 
malice. — To have one^s will, to obtain what is desired, — At 
will. To hold an estate at the will of another, is to enjoy 
the possession at his pleasure, — Will with a wisp,i-d.ck 
with a lantern ; ignis fatuus, 

WILL, V. t. [Sax. willan ; Goth, inilyan ; D. willen ; G. 
wollen ; Svv. vilja ; Dan. ville ; L. volo, velle ; Fr. vou- 
loir ,• It. volerc.] 1. To determine ; to decide in the 
mind that something shall be done or forborne ; implying 
power to carry the purpose into effect. 2. To command ; 
to direct. 3. To be inclined or resolved to have. 4. To 
wish ; to desire. 5. To dispose of estate and effects by 
testament. 6. It is sometimes equivalent to may be. 7. 
fVill is used as an auxiliary verb, and a sign of the future 
tense. It has different significations in different persons. 
1. / will go, is a present promise to go ; and with an em- 
phasis on will, it expresses determination, 2. Thov icilt 
go, you will go, express foretelling; simply stating an 
event that is to come. 3, He will go, is also a foretelling. 
The use of will in the plural is the same. We will, prom- 
ises ; ye will, they loill, foretell. 

WILLED, fp. 1. Determined ; resolved ; desired. 2. Dis- 
posed of by will or testament. 

WILL'ER, n. One who wills. 

WILL'FUL, a. 1. Governed by the will without yielding 
to rsason ; obstinate ; stubborn ; perverse ; infiexible. 2. 
Stubborn ; refractory ; as, a willful horse. 

WILL'FUL-L ]^ , adv. 1. Obstinately; stubbornly, 2, By 
design ; with set purpose, 

WILL'FUL-NESS, n. Obstinacy ; stubbornness ; perverse- 
ness, Perkins. 

WILL'ING, ppr. 1. Determining ; resolving ; desiring. 2. 
Disposing of by will. 

WILL'ING, a. [Sw., Dan. TjiZZJo-,] 1. Free to do or grant ; 
having the mind inclined ; disposed ; not averse. 2. 
Pleased ; desirous, 3, Ready ; prompt. 4. Chosen ; re- 
ceived of choice or without reluctance. 5. Spontaneous. 
6. Consenting. 
WILL'ING-HEART'ED, a. Well-disposed ; havhig a free 

liCtirt, I[lx, XXXV. 
WILE'ING-LY, adv. 1. With free-will ; without reluct- 
ance ; cheerfully. 2. By, one's own choice. 



WILL'ING-NESS, n. Free choice or consent of the will : 
freedoni from reluctance ; readiness of the mind. 

WIL'LoW, 71. [Sax. welig ; D. wilge.] A tree of the genui 
salix._ There are several species of willow. 

WIL'LoW ED, a. Abounding with wil'ows. Collins. 

WlL'LoW-GALL, n. A protuberance on the leaves of 
willows, Cyc. 

WIL'LoW-HERB, n. The purple loose-strife, a plant 

WIL'LoW-ISH, a. Like the color of the willow. 

WIL'LoW-TUFT-ED, a. Tufted with willows. 

WILLoW-WEED, n. A name sometimes given to the 
smart-weed or persicaria. Cyc. 

WIL'LOW-WORT, n. A plant. Miller. 

WIL'LoW-Y, a. Abounding with willows. Gray. 

WIL'SoME, a. Obstinate ; stubborn. 

WILT, V. i. [G., D. welken.] To begin to wither ; to lose 
freshness and become flaccid, as a plant when exposed to 
great heat in a dry day, or when first separated from its 
root, 

WILT, V. t. 1. To cause to begin to wither ; to make flac- 
cid, as a green plant. 2. To cause to languish; to de- 
press or destroy the vigor and energy of. Dwight. 

WILT'ED,pp. Having become flaccid and lost its fresh 
ness, as a plant. 

WILT'ING, ppr. Beginning to fade or wither, 

Wi'LY, a. Cunning ; sly ; using craft or stratagem to ac- 
complish a purpose ; subtil, 

WIM'BLE, n. [W, guimbill.] An instrument for boring 
holes, turned by a handle, 

t WIM'BLE, a. Active; nimble. Spenser. 

WIM'BREL, 71. A bird of the curlew kind. Cyc. 

t WIM'PLE, n. [G. wimp el ; Ban. vimpel.] A hood or 
vail. 

t WIM'PLE, V. t. To draw down, as a vail. Spenser. 

WIN, V. t. : pret. and pp. won. [Sax. winnan; D. winnen ; 
G. gewinnen ; Sw. vinna.] 1. To gain by success in com- 
petition or contest. 2. To gain by solicitation or court- 
ship. 3. To obtain ; to allure to kindness or compliance. 
4. To gain by persuasion or influence. 

WIN, ?). ^ To gain the victory. Milton. — 1, To win upon, 
to gain favor or influence. Dryden. 2. To gain ground. — 
To tcin of, to be conqueror. Skak. 

WiNCE, V. i. [Fr. guinche/r ; W. gwing ,• gwingaw.] 1. Tc 
shrink, as from a blow or from pain ; to start back. 2. 
To kick or flounce when uneasy, or impatient of a rider ; 
as, a horse winces. 

WIN'CER, n. One that winces, shrinks or kicks. 

WINCH, n. [Sax. wince ,- Fr. guincher.] A windlass ; or 
an instrument with which to turn or strain something 
forcibly. 

t WINCH, 71., A kick of a beast, impatient of the rider, or 
of pain. Shelto7i. 

WINCH, V. i. To wince ; to shrink ; to kick with impa- 
tience or uneasiness. 

WINCHING, or WIN'CING, ppr. Flinching ; shrinking ; 
kicking. 

WIN'CO-PIPE, 71. The vulgar name of a little flower, that, 
when it opens in the morning, bodes a fair day. 

*WIND, n. [Sax., D,, G. 7««rf ,• Sw., Dan, ^•i^<Z.] 1. Air 
in motion with any degree of velocity, indefinitely ; a 
current of air. When the air moves moderately, we call 
it a light wind, or a breeze ; when with more velocity, we 
call it a fresh breeze, and when with violence, we call it 
a gale, storm or tempest. The word gale is used by the 
poets for a moderate breeze, but seamen use it as equiva- 
lent to storm.— 2. The fowr icinds, the cardinal points of 
the heavens. S.JDirection of the wind from other points 
of the compass than the cardinal, or any point of com- 
pass ; [obs.] Heijlin. 4. Breath ; power of respiration. 5. 
Air in motion from any force or action ; as tlie 7cind of a 
cannon ball. 6. Breath modulated bv the organs or by an 
instrument. 7. Air impregnated with scent. 8. Any 
thing insignificant or light as wind. 9. Flatulence ; air 
generated in the stomach and bowels. ]0. The name 
given to a disease of sheep, in which the intestines are 
distended with air, or rather affected with a violent in- 
flammation. C7/C. — Down the wi7id, decaying; declining, 
in a state of decay ; [obs.] — To take or have the wind, to 
gain or have the advantage, — To take wind, or to get wiwl 
to be divulged ; to become public, — In the wmd''s eye, in 
seamen^s language, towards the direct point from which 
the wind blows, — £etwse7i wind and water, denoting that 
part of a ship's side or bottom which is frequentl-y brought 
above water by the rolling of the ship, or fluctuation of 
the water's surface, — Trade wind, a wind that blows con- 
stantly from one point, such as the tropical wind in the 
Atlantic. 

WIND'-DROP-SY, n. [wind and dropsy.] A swelling of the 
belly from wind in the intestines ; tympanites. 

WIND'-EGG, 7?. [wind and egg.] An addle egg. 

WIND'-FALLEN, a. Blown down by the wind. 

WIND'-FLOW-ER, 7i. A plant, the anemone. 

WIND'-FUR-NACE, n. A furnace in which the air is sui>- 
plied by an artificial current, as from a bellows. 



• Sm Synopsis ,A, E, I O, U, ■?, long.— FAR FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD; 



t Obsolete 



WIN 



929 



WIN 



WIND'-GA6E, iu [wind and gage.] An instrument for as- | 
certaining the velocity and force of wind. Cyc. 

WIND'-GALL, n. [vxind and gall.] A soft tumor on the 
fetlock joints of a horse. 

WIND -GUN, n. An air gun 3 a gun discharged by the 
force of compressed air. 

WIND'-HATCH, n. In mimng, the opening or place 
where the ore is taken out of the earth. 

WIND'-H6V-ER, n. A species of hawk ; called, also, the 
stannel, but more usually the kestrel. Cyc. 

WIND'-IN-STRU-MENT, n. An instrument of music, 
played by wind, chiefly by the breath ; as a flute. 

*WIND'P1PE, n [wind and pipe.] The passage for the 
breath to and tiom the lungs 3 the trachea. 

WIND'-PUMP, 71. [wind and pump.] A pump moved by 
wind, useful in draining lands. Cyc. 

WIND'-RODE, n. A term used by seamen to signify a 
ship when riding with wind and tide opposed to each 
other, driven to the leeward of ner anchor. 

WIND' -SAIL, 71. A wide tube or funnel of canvas, used to 
convey a stream of air into the lower apartments of a ship. 

WIND-SH0€K, n. A sort of bruise or shiver in a tree. 

WIND'-TlGHT, a. [wind and tight.] So tight as to prevent 
the passing of wind. Hall. 

WIND' WARD, 71. [wind and ward.] The point from which 
the wind blows j as, to ply to the windward. 

WIND'WARD, a. [wind and ward.] Being on the side to- 
wards the point from which the wind blows. 

WiND'WARD, adv. Towards the wind. 

WIND'Y, a. 1. Consisting of wind. 2. Next the wind. 3. 
Tempestuous; boisterous. 4. Puffy 3 flatulent; abound- 
ing with wind. 5. Empty ; airy. 

WIND, v.t.; pret. and ^^. wound. [Sax. windan j G., D. 
winden.] 1. To blow 3 to sound by blowing or inflation. 
2. To turn 3 to move, or cause to turn. S. To turn 
round some fixed object ; to bind, or to form into a ball or 
coil by turning. 4. To introduce by insinuation. 5. To 
change 3 to vary. 6. To entwist ; to enfold ; to encircle. 
Shak. 7. [With i short, as in win.] To nose 3 to perceive 
or to follow by the scent 3 as, hounds wind an animal. 
8. To ventilate 5 to expose to the wind 3 to winnow. — To 
wind off, [with i long,] to unwind. — To wind out, to ex- 
tricate. — 1. To wind up, to bring to a small compass, as a 
ball of thread. Locke. 2. To bring to a conclusion or set- 
tlement. 3. To put in a state of renovated or continued 
motion. 4. To raise by degrees. 5. To straiten, as a 
string 5 to put in tune. 6. To put in order for regular ac- 
tion. 

Wind, v. i. 1. To turn 3 to change. 2. To turn around 
something. 3. To have a circular direction. 4. To 
crook ; to bend. 5. To move round. — To wind out, to be 
extricated 5 to escape. Milton. 

WIND'AGE, 71. [Sp. viento.] The difference between the 
diameter of a piece and that of a ball or shell. 

WIND'BOUND, a. [wind and bound.] Prevented from sail- 
ing by a contrary wind. Mar. Diet. 

WIND ER, v. t. To fan 3 to clean grain with a fan. [Local.] 

WIND'ER-MEB, 71. A bird of the gall kind. 

WIND'FALL, u. [loiitd and fall.] 1. Fruit blown off" the 
tree by wind. 2. An unexpected legacy. 

WIND'i-NEtorf, n. 1. The state of being windy or tempest- 
uous. 2. Fullness of wind 3 flatulence. 3. Tendency to 
generate wind. 4. Tumor 3 puffiness. 

WIND'LAS, or WIND'LASS, n. 1. A machine for raising 
great weights. 2. A handle by which any thing is turned 5 
[obs.] Shak. 
'^IN'DLE, 71. A spindle ; a kind of reel. 

WIND'-MILL, 71. A mill turned by the wind. 

WIND'RoW, 71. [wind and row.] 1. A row or line of hay, 
raked together for the purpose of being rolled into cocks 
or heaps. 2. The green border of a field, dug up in order 
to carry the earth on other land to mend it. 3. A row of 
peats set up for drying ; or a row of pieces of turf, sod or 
sward, cut in paring and burning. Cyc. 

WIND'SEED, 71. A plant of the genus arctolis. 

WiND'ER, 71. One who winds. 

WIND'ING, ppr, 1. Turning 3 binding about 3 bending. 
2. a Bending 5 twisting from a direct line or an even 
surface. 

WIND'ING, 71. 1. A turn or turning; a bend 3 flexure 5 
meander. 2. A call by the boatswain's whistle. 

WiND'ING-EN'GlNE, 71. An engine employed in mining, 
to draw up buckets from a deep pit. Cyc. 

WiND'ING-SHEET, n. [winding and sheet.] A sheet in 
which a corpse is wrapped. Bacon. 

WlND'ING-TAOKLE, 71. A tackle consisting of one fixed 
triple block, and one double or triple movable block. 

t WIND'LACE, \ V. i. To go warily to work 3 to act indi- 
t WIND'LASS, \ rectly. Hammond. 
WIND'LESS, a. Wanting wind ; out of breath. Fairfax. 
WIN'DLE-STRAW, 71. A reed ; a stalk of grass 3 a small, 

slender straw. "JVortA of England. 
WIND oW, n. [Dan. vindue ; Sp. ventana.] 1. An open- 
ing in the wall of a building for the admission of light. 



WI 



and of air when necessary. 2. An aperture or openmg 
3. The frame or other thing that covers the aperture. 4 
An aperture 3 or rather the clouds or water-spouts. 5 
Lattice or casement 3 or the network of wire used before 
the invention of glass. 6. Lines crossing each otJier. 

WIND'oW, V. t. 1. To furnish with wmdows. Pope. 2. 
To place at a window j [unusual.] 3. To break into 
openings 3 [unusual.] 

WIND'OW-BLIND, n. [window and blind.] A blind to in- 
tercept the light of a wmdow. 

WIND'oW-FRAME, n. [window and frame.] The frame 
of a window which receives and holds the sashes. 

WIND'OW-GLASS, n. Panes of glass for windows. 

WIND'oW-SASH, n. [window and sash ] The sash or 
light ftame in which panes of glass are set for windows. 

WIND'oW-Y, a. Having little crossings like the sashes of 
a window. Donne. 

WINE, 71. [Sax. win; G. wein ; D. wyn ; Sw., Dan. vin 
Russ. vino; L. vinum ; It., Sp. vino; Fr vin.] 1. The 
fermented juice of grapes. 2. The juice of certain fruits, 
prepared with sugar, spirits, &c. 3. Intoxication. 4. 
Drinking. 

WiNR'-BlB-BER, 74. One who drinks much wine 3 a great 
drinker. Prov. xxiii. 

WiNE'-€aSK, n. [wine and cask.] A cask in which wine 
is or has been kept. 

WiNE'-FLY, 71. A small fly found in empty wine casks. 

WiNE'-GLXSS, 71. [wine and glass.] A small glass in 
which wine is drank. 

WiNE'LESS, a. Destitute of wine 3 as, wineless life. 

WiNE'-MEAS-URE, 71. [See Measure.] The measure by 
which wines and other spirits are sold, smaller than beer 
measure. 

WiNE'-MER-CHANT, n. A merchant who deals in 
wines. 

WINE'-PRESS, n. A place where grapes are pressed. 

WING, 71. [Sax. gehiDing ; Sw., Dan. vinge.] 1. The limb 
of a fowl by which it flies. 2. The limb of an insect by 
which it flies. — 3. In botany, the side-petal of a papiliona- 
ceous coral 3 also, an appendage of seeds. 4. Flight ; 
passage by the wing. 5. Means of flying 3 acceleration. 
6. Motive or incitement of flight. 7. The flank or ex- 
treme body or part of an army. 8. Any side-piece. — 9. 
In gardening, a side-shoot. — 10. In architecture, a side- 
building, less than the main edifice. — 11. In fortification, 
the longer sides of horn- works, crown-works, &c. — 12 Id 
a fleet, the ships on the extremities, when ranged in a 
line, or when forming the two sides of a triangle. — 13. In 
a ship, the wings are those parts of the hold and orlop 
deck, which are nearest the sides. — 14. In Scripture, pro- 
tection 3 generally in the plural. Ps. Ixiii. 

WING, V. t. 1. To furnish with wings 5 to enable to fly or 
to move with celerity. 2. To supply with side bodies. 
3. To transport by fljght. — To wing a flight, to exert the 
power of flying. 

WINGED, pp. 1. Furnished with wings 3 transported by 
flying. 2. a. Having wings. 3. Swift 3 rapid. 4. 
Wounded 5 hurt.— 5. In botany, furnished with longitu- 
dinal, membranous appendages. — 6. In heraldry, repre- 
sented with wings, or having wings of a diflTtrent color 
from the body. 7. Fanned with wings 3 swarming with 
birds. 

W^NG'ED-PeA, 71. A plant. Miller. 

WING'-FOOT-ED, a. [wing and foot.] Swift 3 moving 
with rapidity 3 fleet. Drayton. 

WING'LESS, a. Having no wings ; not able to ascend or 

fly- 

WING'-SHELL, n. [wing and shell.] The shell that covers 
the wing of insects. 

WING'Y, a. Having wings 3 rapid ; as, wingy speed. 

WINK, V. i. [Sax, wincian ; D. wenken ; G. winken ; Sw. 
vinka; Dan. mTi&cr.j 1. To shut the eyes 5 to close the 
eyelids. 2. To close and open the eyelids. 3. To give a 
hint by the motion of the eyelids. 4. To close the eye- 
lids and exclude the light. 5. To be dim. — To wink at, 
to connive at ; to seem not to see 3 to tolerate 3 to over- 
look, as something not perfectly agreeable. 

WINK, 71. 1. The act of closing the eyelids. 2. A hint 
given by shutting the eye with a significant cast. 

WINK'ER, 71. One who winks. Pope. 

WINK'ING, ppr. Shutting the eyes 3 shutting and opening 
the eyelids ; hinting by closing the eye 3 conniving at 
overlooking. 

WINK'ING-LY, ad7}. With the eye almost closed. 

WIN'NER, 71. [from win.] One who gams by success in 
competition or contest. 

WIN'NING, ppr. [from win.] 1. Gaining by success in 
competition or contest. 2. a. Attracting 3 adapted to gain 
favor 5 charming. 

WIN'NING, n. The sum won or gained by success in com- 
petition or contest. 

WIN'NoW, V. t. [L. evanno ; D., G. wannen.] I. To sep- 
arate and drive off the chaff from grain by means of wind. 
2. To fan ; to beat, as with wings. 3. To examine 3 to 



I 



* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK , D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; as J j S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolett^ 



WIR 



930 



WIT 



sift for the purpose of separating falsehood from truth. 4. 
To separate, as the bad from the good. 

WIN'NoW, V. i. To separate chaff from com. Ecclus. 

VVIN'NoWED, 2}p- Separated from the chaff by wind ; 
sifted £ examined. 

WIJf'NoW-ER, n. One who winnows. 

WIN'NoW-ING, ppr. Separating from the chaff by wmd ; 
examining. 

f WIN'SoME, a. [Sax winsum.] Merry ; cheerful. 

WIN'TER, 71. [Sax., G., D., Sw., Dan. wijiter.j 1. The 
cold season of the year. — Astronomically considered, winter 
commences in northern latitudes when the sun enters 
Capricorn, or at the solstice about the 21st of December, 
and ends at the equinox in March ; but in ordinary dis- 
course, the three winter months are December, January 
and February. 2. The part of a printing press which sus- 
tains the carriage. 

WIN'TEE, V. i. To pass the winter. 

WIN'TER, V. t. To feed or manage during the winter. 

WIN'TER-AFPLE, n. [winter and apple.] An apple that 
keeps well in winter. 

WIN'TER-BAR'LEY, n. [winter and barley.] A kind of 
barley which is sowed in autumn. 

WIN'TER-BeAT-EN, a. [winter and beat.] Harassed by 
the severe weather of winter. Spenser. 

WIN'TER-BER-RY, n. [winter and berry.] A plant. 

WIN'TER-BLOOM, n. [winter and bloom.] A plant. 

WIN'TER-CHER'RY, n. [winter and cherry.] A plant of 
the genus physalis, and its fruit. Lee. 

WIN'TER-CIT'RON, n. A sort of pear. 

WIN'TER-€RESS, n. [winter and cress.] A plant. 

WIN'TER-€R0P, n. A crop which will bear the winter, 
or which may be converted into fodder during the winter. 

■"VIN'TER-PAL'LoW, m. [winter and falloio.] Ground 
that is fallowed in winter. 

WIN'TER-GAR'DEN, n. [winter and garden.] An orna- 
mental garden for winter. 

WIN'TER-GREEN, n. A plant of the genus pyrola. 

WIN'TER-KILL, v.t. [winter and kill.] To kill by means 
of the weather in winter. JVew England. 

VYIN'TER-KILL, v.i. To be killed by the winter. 

WIN'TER-KILLED, pp. Killed by the winter, as grain. 

WIN'TER-KILL-ING, ppr. Killing by the weather in 
winter. 

WIN'TER-LODGE, ) n. In botany, the hybernacle 

WIN'TER-LODG'MENT, \ of a plant, which protects 
the embryo or future shoot from injuries during the 
winter. 

WIN'TER-PEaR, n. [winter and pear.] Any pear that 
keeps well in winter. 

WIN'TER-aUAR'TERS, n. The quarters of an army 
during the winter ; a winter residence or station. 

WIN'TER-RIG, V. t. [winter and rig.] To fallow or till in 
winter. [Local.] 

WlN'TER-ciOL'STtCE, n. The solstice of the winter, 
which takes place when the sun enters Capricorn, De- 
cember 21st. 

WIN'TERED, pp. Kept through the winter. 

WIN'TER-ING, ppr. Passing the winter ; keeping in winter. 

WIN'TER-LY, a. Such as is suitable to winter. [L. ji.] 
Shalt 

WIN'TER-Y, a. Suitable to winter; brumal; hyemal ; 
cold ; stormy. Dry den. 

Wl'NY, a. Having the taste or qualities of wine. 

WIPE, V. t. [Sax. loipian.] 1. To rub with something soft 
for cleaning ; to clean by rubbing. 2. To strike off gently. 
3. To cleanse from evil practices or abuses ; to overturn 
and destroy what is foul and hateful. 4. To cheat ; to 
defraud. — To wipe away, to cleanse by rubbing or tersion. 
— To wipe off, to clear away.— T'o wipe out, to efface ; to 
obliterate. 

WIPE, n. 1. The act of rubbing for the purpose of cleaning. 
2. A blow ; a stroke L< A gibe ; a jeer ; a severe sar- 
casm. 4. A bird. 

Wiped, pp. Rubbed for cleaning; cleaned by rubbing; 
cleared away ; effaced, 

W^lP'ER, n. 1. One who wipes. 2. The instrument used 
for wiping. 

WiP'ING, ppr. Rubbing with a cloth or other soft thing for 
cleaning; clearing away ; effacing. 

WIRE, n. [Sw. vir ; Ice. wijr.] A thread of metal ; any 
metallic substance drawn to an even thread. 

WIRE, V. t. To bind with wire ; to apply wire to, as in 
bottling liquors. 

WiRE'DRAW, V. t. [wire and draw.] 1. To draw a metal 
»uto wire',' which is done by drawing it through a hole in 
a plate of steel. 2. To draw into length. 3. To draw by 
art or violence. 4. To draw or spin out to great length 
and tenuity. 

WIRE'DRAW^ER, n. One who draws metal into wire. 

WIRE'DRAW-ING, ppr. 1. Drawing a metal into whe. 
2. Drawing to a great length or fineness. 

WiRE'DRAWN, ^ Drawn into wire ; drawE out to great 
length-or fineness 



WTRE'-GRATE, n. A grate or contrivance of fine wire- 
work to keep insects out of vineries, hot-houses, (&c. 

WiRE'-HEBL, n. [wire and heel.] A defect and disease in 
the feet of a horse or other beast. Cyc. 

WiRE'-WoRM, 71. [wire and worm.] A mischievous worm 
that sometimes injures grain. 

WiR'Y, a. Made of wire; like wire. 

t WIS, V. t. ; pret. wist. [G. wissen ; D. weeten.] To think : 
to suppose ; to imagine. Spenser. 

WIS'ARD. See Wizard. 

WIS'DoM, n. [Sax. ; wise and dom ; G. weisheit; D. wys- 



heid; Sw. visdom, and' vishet; Dan. visdom, or viisdom. 
1. The right use or exercise of knowledge ; the clioice 



■J 



Jaudable ends, and of the best means to accomplish them. 
Wisdom, or practical wisdom, is nearly synonymous with 
discretion. It differs somewhat from prudence, in this re- 
spect ; prudejice is the exercise of sound judgment in 
avoiding evils ; wisdom is the exercise of sound judgment 
either in avoiding evils or attempting good. — 2. In Scrip- 
ture, human learning ; erudition ; knowledge of arts and 
sciences. 3. Quickness of intellect ; readiness of appre- 
hension ; dexterity in execution. 4. Natural instinct and 
sagacity. Job xxxix. — 5. In Scripture theology, wisdom is 
true religion; godliness; piety. Ps. xc. 6. Profitable 
words or doctrine. Ps. xxxvii. 

Wise, a. [Sax. wis, wise; G. weise ; D. wys ; Sw.vis; 
Ban. viis.] 1. PropeHi/, having knowledge"; hence, hav- 
ing the power of discerning and judging correctly, or of 
discriminating between what is true and what is faise ; 
between what is fit and proper, and what is improper ; as, 
a wise prince. 2. Discreet and judicious in the use or 
application of knowledge ; choosing laudable ends, and 
the best means to accomplish them. 3. Skillful ; dex- 
trous. 4. Learned; knowing. 5. Skilled in arts, science, 
philosophy, or in magic and divination. 6. Godly ; pious. 
Prov. xiii. 7. Skilled in hidden arts ; a sense somewhat 
ironical. 8. Dictated or guided by wisdom ; containing 
wisdom; judicious; well adapted to produce good effects; 
applicable to things ; as, a wise saying. 9. Becoming a 
wise man ; grave ; discreet ; as, wise deportment. 

Wise, n. [Sax. wise ; G. loeise ; D. wtjs ; Sw. vis.] Man- 
ner ; way of being or acting. Spenser. In the foregoing 
form, this word is obsolete. The use of it is now very limit- 
ed. It is common in the following phrases .- 1. In any wise : 
2. On this wise .- 3. In no wise. — It is used in composition, 
as in likewise, otherwise, lengthwise, &c. 

WlSE'A-€RE, ?i. [more correctly wisesfl^-er ; G.weissager.] 
One who makes pretensions to great wisdom ; hence, in 
contempt, a simpleton ; a dunce. Addison. 

WiSE'-HEaRT-ED, a. [wiseand heart.] Wise; knowing; 
skillful. Ex. xxviii. 

WiSE'LING, n. One who pretends to be wise. Donne. 

WiSE'LY, adv. 1. Prudently; judiciously; discreetly, 
with wisdom. 2. Craftily ; with art or stratagem. 

t WiSE'NESS, n. Wisdom. Spenser. 

WISH, V. i. [Sax. iciscan ; Cimbric, oska.] 1. To have a 
desire, or strong desire, either for what is or is not sup- 
posed to be obtainable. It usually expresses less than 
long ; but sometimes it denotes to long or wish earnestly. 
2. To be disposed or inclined. 3. It sometimes partakes 
of hope or fear. 

WISH, V. t. 1. To desire. 2. To long for ; to desire eagerly 
or ardently. 3. To recommen-d by wishing. 4. To im- 
precate. 5. To ask ; to express desire. 

WISH, n. 1. Desire ; sometimes, eager desire. Job xxxiii. 
2. Desire expressed. 3. Thing desired. — The difference 
between wish and desire seems to be, that desii-e is direct- 
ed to what is obtainable, and a wish may be directed to 
what is obtainable or not. Kames. 

WISHED, pp. Desired ; or ardently desired. 

t WISH'ED-LY, adv. With longing ; wishfully. Mirror 
for Magistrates. 

WISH'ER, n. One who desires ; one who expresses a wish. 

WISH'iPUL, a. 1. Having desire, or ardent desire. 2 
Showing desire. 3. Desirable ; exciting wishes ; [bad."^ 

WISH'FIIL-LY, fl^^v. 1. With desire or ardent desire. 2. 
With the show of desiring. 

WISH'ING, ppr. Desiring. 

t WISH'LY, adv. According to desire. Knolles. 

WISK'ET, n. A basket. Ainsworth. 

WISP, 71. [Dan. visk.] A small bundle of straw or other 
like substance. 

t WIST, pret. of icis. 

WIST'FUL, a. Full of thoughts ; earnest; attentive, 

WiST'PtJL-LY, adv. Attentively ; earnestly. Hudibras. 

WIS 'TIT, n. The striated monkey. Cuvier. 

t WIST'LY, adv. Earnestly. Shak. 

WIT, V. i. [Sax., Goth, witan, D. weeten, G. wissen, to 
know.] To know. This verb is used only m the infini 
live, to wit, namely, that is to say. [L. videlicet, i. e. 

WIT, n. [Sax. ?oit, or ge-wit; G. witz ; Dan. vid.] 1. Prl 
marily, the intellect ; the underdtanding or mental pow- 
ers. 2. The association of ideas in a manner natural, but 



See Synopsis Z, 3, T, O, t!, "?, l(mg.—FKR, FALL, WHAT ,— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obaaleie 



WIT 



931 



WOA 



unusual and striking, bo as to produce surprise joined 
with pleasure. 3. The faculty of associating ideas in a 
new and unexpected manner. 4. A man of genius. 5. A 
man of fancy or wit. 6. Sense j judgment. 7. Faculty 
of the mind. 8. Wits, in the plural, soundness of mind ; 
intellect not disordered ; sound mind. 9. Power of in- 
vention ; contrivance ; ingenuity. 

WITCH, n. [Sa.x. wicca.] 1. A woman who, by compact 
with the devil, practices sorcery or enchantment. 2. A 
woman who is given to unlawful arts. 3. [Sax. wic] A 
winding, sinuous bank ; [obs.] Spenser. 

WITCH, V. t. To bewitch ; to fascinate j to enchant. Shak. 

WITCH'CRAFT, n. [witch and craft.] 1. The practices of 
witches ; sorcery ; enchantments ; intercourse with the 
devil. 2. Power more than natural 

WITCH'-ELM, 71. A kind of elm. Scott. 

WITCH'ER-Y, n 1. Sorcery ; enchantment. 2. Fascina- 
tion. 

WI TCH'-HA-ZEL, n. 1. A species of elm. Cyc. 2. The 
hop-hornbeam, {carpinus ontrya.) Lee. 

t WIT'-€RA€K-ER, w. [wit and cracker.} One who breaks 
jests ; a joker. Shak. 

fWIT'-CRAFT, n. Contrivance 5 invention. 

f WITE, V. t. [Sax. witan.] To reproach ; to blame. 

f WITE, 7t. Blame ; reproach. 

fWlTE'LESS, a. Blameless. Spenser. 

WIT'-FISH, n. [D. witvisch.] An East Indian fish. 

WITH, prep. [Sax. with.] I. By, noting cause, instrument 
or means. 2. On the side of, noting friendship or favor. 
3. In opposition to ; in competition or contest. 4. Noting 
comparison. 5. In company. 6. In the society of. 7. 
In connection, or in appendage. 8. In mutual dealing or 
intercourse. 9. Noting confidence. 10. In partnership. 
11. Noting connection. 12. Immediately after. 13. 
Among. 14. Upon. 15. In consent, noting parity of 
state. — With, in composition, signifies for the most part 
opposition, privation ; or separation, departure. 

WITH, or WITHE, n. [Sax. withiff.] 1. A willow twig. 
2. A band consisting of a twig, or twigs twisted. 

WITH-AL', adv. \with and all.] I. With the rest; to- 
gether with ; likewise ; at the same time. 2. It is some- 
times used for with. 

WIT H-DRAW, V. t. {with diT\A draw.] 1. To take back ; 
to take from. 2. To recall ; to cause to retire or leave ; to 
call back or away. 

WITH-DRAW, v.i. To retire; to retreat; to quit a com- 
pany or place. 

WITH-DRAW'ER, n. One who bereaves. Outred. 

WITH-DRAW'ING, ppr. Taking back; recalling; re- 
tiring. 

WITH-DRA WING-ROOM, n. A room behind another 
room for retirement ; a drawing-room. Mortimer. 

WITH-DRAW'MENT, n. The act of withdrawing or tak- 
ing back; a recalling. Ch. Obs. 

WITH-DRAWN', pp. of withdraw. Recalled; taken 
back. 

WXTH'ER, V. i. [W. gwiz ; Sax. gewitherod.] 1. To fade ; 
to lose its native freshness ; to become sapless ; to dry. 
2. To waste ; to pine away, as animal bodies. 3. To lose 
or want animal moisture. 

WITH'ER, V. t. 1. To cause to fade and become dry. 2. 
To cause to shrink, wrinkle and decay, for want of ani- 
mal moisture. 

WITH'ER -BAND, n. Apiece of iron laid under a saddle 
near a horse's withers, to strengthen the bow. 

WIT H'ERED, pp. Faded : dried ; shrunk. 

WITH'ER-ED-NESS, n. The state of being withered. 

WITH'ER-ING, ppr. Fading ; becoming dry. 

WITH'ER-ITE, n. In mineralogy, a carbonate of barytes. 

WITH'ER-NAM, n. [Sax. wither and naman.] In wither- 
nam, in law, a second or reciprocal distress, in lieu of a 
first distress which has been eloigned ; reprisal. 

WITH'ERS, n. The juncture of the shoulder bones of a 
horse, at the bottom of the neck. 

WITH'ER-WRUNG, a. Injured or hurt in the withers, as 
a horse. Cyc. 

WITH-HELI)', pret. and pp. of withhold. 

WITH-HoLD', V. t. ; pret. and pp. withheld, [with and 
hold.] 1. To hold back ; to restrain ; to keep from action. 
2. To retain ; to keep back ; not to grant. 

WiTH-HoLD'EN, pp. The old participle of wit A/ioZ<Z; now 
obsolete. We use withheld. 

WIT H-HoLD'ER, n. One that withholds. 

WITH-HoLD'ING, ppr. Holding back; restraining; re- 
taining ; not granting. 

WITH-IN', prep. [Sax. withinnan.] 1. In the inner part. 
2. In the limits or compass of; not beyond ; used of place 
and time. 3. Not reaching to any thing external. 4, In 
the compass of; not longer ago than. 5. Not later than. 
6. In the reach of. 7. Not exceeding. 8. In the heart or 
confidence of; [inelegant.] 9. In the house ; in any in- 
closure. 

WlTH-IN', adv. 1. In the inner part; inwardly; inter- 
nally. 2. In the mind. 



WITH-IN'SIDE, at^Tj, [within and side.] In the inner par.. 

[Bad.] Sharp. 
WITH-OUT', pre}}. [Sax. withutan ; with and out.] 1. Not 
with. 2. In a state of destitution or absence from. 3. In 
a state of not having, or of destitution. 4. Beyond ; not 
within. 5. Supposing the negation or omission of. 6 
Independent of; not by the use of. 7. On the outside of. 
8. With exemption from. 9. Unless; except. In this 
sense, it has been classed among adverbs, but is truly a 
preposition, followed by a member of a sentence, instead 
of a single noun. This use of without is nearly superseded 
by unless and except, among good writers and speakers ; 
but is common in popular discourse or parlance. 
WITH-OUT', adv. 1. Not on the inside ; not within 2. 

Out of doors. 3. Externally ; not in the mind. 
fWITH-OUT'EN, for withoutan, the Saxon word. Spenser 
WITH-STAND', v. t. [with and stand.] To oppose ; to re- 
sist, either with physical or moral force. 
WITH-STaND'ER, n. One that opposes ; an opponent; a 

resisting power. Raleigh. 
WITH-STAND'ING, por. Opposing; making resistance. 
WITH-VTNE ) 

WITH-WINE I """ ^ ^"^^^ name for the couch-grass. Cyc, 
WITH'WrND,'?!. A plant. [L. convolvulus.] 
WITH'Y, n. [Sax. withig.] A large species ol 
WITH'F, a. Made of withs ; like a with; flexible and 



WIT'LESS, a. [wit and less.] 1. Destitute of wit or under- 
standing ; inconsiderate ; wanting thought. 2. Indiscreet ; 
not under the guidance of judgment. 

WIT'LESS-LY, adv. Without the exercise of judgment 

t WIT'LESS-NESS, n. VVant of consideration. Sir E. San- 
dys. 

WlT'LING, n. [dim. from wit.] A person who has little 

, wit 01 understanding ; a pretender to wit. Pope. 

WIT'NESS, n. [Sax. witnesse.] 1. Testimony ; attestation 
of a fact or event. 2. That which furnishes evidence or 
proof. 3. A person who knows or sees any thing ; one 
personally present. 4. One who sees the execution of an 
instrument, and subscribes it for the purpose of confirm- 
ing its authenticity by his testimony. 5. One who gives 
testimony. — With a witness, effectually; to a great de- 
gree ; with great force ; [not elegant.] 

WIT'NESS, w.t. 1. To see or know by personal presence. 

2. To attest; to give testimony to ; to testify to something 

3. To see the execution of an instrument, and subscribe 
it for the purpose of establishing its authenticity. 

WIT'NESS, V. i. 1. To bear testimony. 2. To give evi- 
dence. 

WIT'NESSED, pp. Seen in person; testified; subscribec! 
by persons present. 

WIT'NESS-ING, ppr. Seeing in person ; bearing testimony 
giving evidence. 

t WiT'SNAP-PER, n. One who affects repartee. Shak. 

WIT'-STARVED, a. Barren of wit ; destitute of genius. 

WIT'TED, a. Having wit or understanding. 

WIT'TI-CISM, 71. [from icit.] A sentence or phrase whict 
is affectedly witty ; a low kind of wit. Addison. 

WIT'TI-LY, adv. 1. With wit ; with a delicate turn or 
phrase, or with an ingenious association of ideas. 2. In 
geniously ; cunningly ; artfully. 

WIT'TI-NESS, 71. The quality of being witty. Spenser. 

WIT'TING-LY, adv. [See Wit.] Knowingly ; with 
knovi^ledge ; by design. More. 

WIT'TOL, 71. [Sax. ft-om witan.] A man who knows his 
wife's infidelity and submits to it; a'tame cuckold. 

WIT'TOL-LY, adv. Like a tame cuckold. Shak. 

WIT'TY, a. 1. Possessed of wit ; full of wit. 2. Judi- 
cious ; ingenious ; inventive. 3. Sarcastic; full of taunts 

WIT'WALL, n. A bird, the great spotted woodpecker. 

t WIT'WoRM, 71. [wit and worm.] One that feeds on wit 

t WIVE, v. i. [from wife.] To marry. Shak. 

WIVE, V. t. l. To match to a wife. Shak. 2. To take for 
a wife ; [06s.] Shak. 

tWiVE'HOOD, 7t. Behavior becoming a wife. Spenser. 

WiVE'LESS, a. Not having a wife. 

WiVE'LY, a. Pertaining to a wife. Sidney. 

WIV'Er'iN ( "' ^ ^'"*^ ^^ heraldic dragon. Thynne. 

WlVES,pZ7i.' of Wife. 

WIZ'ARD, 71. [from wise.] A conjurer ; an enchanter ; a 

sorcerer. Lev. xx. Dryden. 
WIZ'ARD, a. 1. Enchanting; charming. Co«m5. 2. Haunt 

ed by wizards. Milton. 
WIZ'EN, V. i. [Sax. wisnian.] To wither ; to dry. [Local.] 
WoAD, n. [Sax. wad, or waad ; G. waid, weid; D. ireede.] 

A plant of the genus isatis, cultivated for the use of dyers. 
WoAD'-MILL, n. A mill for bruising and preparing woad 
Wo'BE-GONE, a. [wo, be and gone.] Overwhelmed with 

wo ; immersed in grief and sorrow. Fairfax. 
WO-Da'NI-UM, n. A metal discovered in a species of 

pyrites. 
WOE, ) n. [Sax. wa ; li.vm ; Gr. ovai ; W. gwae ; G. wth; D. 
WO, \ Toec; Sw.tffi.] 1. Grief; sorrow; misery; a heavy 



* See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE— € as K ; G as J : S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 



WON 



932 



WOO 



calamity. 2. A curse. 3. Wo is used in denunciation, and 
in exclamations of sorrow ; as, " wo is me." Js. vi. — " Wo 
worth the day j" wo be to the day ; Sax. wurthan, weorthan, 
or wijrthan, to be, to become. 

1 WoE'SoME, (wo'sum) a. Woful, Langhorne. 

t WOFT, for loaft. Shak. 

Wo'FUL, a. 1. Sorrowful ; distressed with grief or calam- 
ity ; afflicted. 2. Sorrowful ; mournful ; full of distress. 
3. Bringing calamity, distress or affliction. 4. Wretched ; 
paltry. 

Wo'FUL-LY, adv. 1. Sorrowfully ; mournfully j in a dis- 
tressing manner. 2. Wretchedly ; extremely. 

Wo'FUL-NESS, n. Misery ; calamity. 

WoLD, in Saxon, is the same as wald and weald, a wood, 
sometimes perhaps a lawn or plain. Wald signifies also 
power, dominion, from waldan, to rule. These words 
occur in names. 

WOLF, (wulf ) 71. [Sax. wulf; G., D. wolf.] 1. An animal 
of the genus cajiis, a beast of prey that kills sheep and 
other small domestic animals ; called sometimes the icild 
dog. 2. A small white worm or maggot, which infests 
granaries. 3. An eating ulcer. 

WOLF'-DOG, n, 1. A dog of a large breed, kept to guard 
sheep. 2. A dog supposed to be bred between a dog and 
a wolf. 

WOLF'-FISH, n. A fierce, voracious fish. 

WOLFISH J a. Like a wolf; having the qualities or form 
oi a wolf. 

WOLF'NET, n. A kind of net used in fishing, which takes 
great numbers. Cyc. 

WOL'FRAM, n. In mineralogy, an ore of tungsten. 

WOLF'S'-BANE, n. 1. A poisonous plant ; aconite. 2. 
The winter aconite, or helleborus hyemalis. Lee. 

WOLF'S'-€LAW, n. A plant of the genus lycopodium. 

WOLF'S-MJLK, 71. An herb. jUnsworth. 

WOLF'S-PEACH, 7i. A plant of the genus solanum. 

WOL'VER-IN, I n. The glutton, a carnivorous animal 

WOL-VER-eNE', i of voracious appetite. 

WOLV'ISH, a. More properly wolfish, which see. 

WOM'AN, (wum'un) n.;plu. Women, [a compound of 
womb and man.] 1. The female of the human race, grown 
to adult years. 2. A female attendant or servant. 

WOM'AN, V. t. To make pliant. Shak. 

fWOM'ANED, a. Accompanied or united with a woman. 

WOM'AN-Ha'TER, n. [woman and hater.] One who has 
ah aversion to the female sex. Swift. 

WOM'AN-HOOD, n. {woman and hood.] The state, charac- 
ter fir collective qualities of a woman. Spenser. 

t WOM'AN-ISE, V. t. To make efieminate. 

WOM'AN-ISH, ft. Suitable to a woman ; having the quali- 
ties of a woman ; feminine. Dry den. 

WOM'AN-ISH-LY, ado. In the manner of a woman. 
Commentary on Chaucer. 

WOM'AN-ISH-NESS, n. State or quality of being woman- 
ish, Hammond. 

WOM'AN-KiND, n. [woman and kind.] The female sex ; 
the race of females of the human kind. Addison. 

WOM'AN-LY, a. Becoming a woman ; feminine. Donne. 

WOM'AN-LY, adv. In the manner of a woman. 

WOMB, (woom) n. [Sax, icamb ; Goth, wamba ; Sw. vamb ; 
Dan. vom.] 1. The uterus or matrix of a female ; that 
part where the young of an animal is conceived and 
nourished till its birth. 2. The place where any thing is 
produced. 3. Any large or deep cavity. 

t WoMB, v. t. To inclose ; to breed in secret. Shak. 

WOM'BAT, n. An animal of New Holland. Cyc. 

fWOMB'Y, (woom'y) a. Capacious. Sliak. 

WOM'EN, (wim'en) n.;plu. of Woman. It is supposed the 
word is from Sax. wifman. 

Wo'N, pret. and pp. of win ; as, victories won. 

t WON, or t WoNE, v. i. [Sax. lounian ; G. wohnen ; D. 
woonen.] To dwell ; to abide. Its paiticiple is retained 
in wont, that is, waned. Milton. 

■f W6N, n. A dwelling. Spenser. 

WON'DER, n. [Sax., G, ^nunder ; D. wonder.] I. That 
emotion which is excited by novelty, or the presentation, 
to the sight or mind, of something new, unusual, strange, 
great, extraordinary, or not well understood; something 
that arrests the attention by its novelty, grandeur or inex- 
plicableness. Wander expresses less than astonishment, 
and much less than amazement. It uifFers from admira- 
tion, in not being necessarily accompanied with love, 
esteem or approbation, nor directed to persons. But won- 
der sometimes is nearly allied to astonishment. 2. Cause 
of wonder ; that which excites surprise ; a strange thing ; 
a prodigy. 3. Any thing mentioned with surprise. 4. A 
miracle. Ex. iii. 

W6N DER, V. i. [Sax. wundrian.] To be affected by sur- 
prise or admiration. Swift. 

WoN'DER-ER, n. One who wonders. 

W6N'DER-FUL, a. Adapted to excite wonder or admira- 
tion ; exciting surprise ; strange 5 astonishing. 

W6N'DER-FIJL-LY, adv. In a manner to excite wonder 
or surprise. " 



WON'DER-FUL-NESS, n. The quality of beuig wonder 

ful. 
WoN'DER-ING, ppr. Indulging or feeling wonder. 
W6N'DER-OUS. See Wondrocs. 
WoN'DER-MENT, 71. Surprise j astonishment; a wonder 

ful appearance- [Vulgar.] 
WON'DER-STRUCK, a. [wonder and struck.] Stnick 

with wonder, admiration and surprise. Dryden, 
WON'DER-WORK'ING, a. Doing wonders or surprising 

things. 
WoN'DROUS, a. Admirable ; marvelous ; such as may 

excite surprise and astonishment ; strange. 
WON'DROUS, adv. In a wonderful or surprising degree . 

as, a place wondrous deep. [Burlesque style.] 
WoN'DROUS-LY, adv. In a strange or wonderful man 

n^r or degree, Glanville. 
WoNT, a contraction of woll not, that is, will not. 
WONT, a. [wont is strictly the participle passive of ttore, 
wone ; Sax. wunian, to dwell, to consist ; G. wohnen,} D 
woonen.] Accustomed ; habituated ; using or doing cus- 
tomarily. 
tWoNT, n. Custom; habit; use. Hooker. 
t WONT, V. i. To be accustomed or habituated ; to be used 
WoNT'ED,p;7. 1. Accustomed; used. Spenser. 2. Accus- 
tomed ; made familiar by use. L'Estrange. 
WONT'ED-NESS, n. The state of being accustomed. 
fWONT'LESS, a. Unaccustomed; unused. Spenser. 
WOO, V. t. [Sax. wogan.] I. To court; to solicit in lov»^, 

2. To court solicitously ; to invite with importunity. 
WOO, V. i. To court ; to make love. Dryden. 
t WOOD, a. [Sax. wod.] Mad ; furious. SpeTiser. 
WOOD, n. [Sax. wuda, wudu ; D. woud; W. gwyz^ 1. A 
large and thick collection of trees ; a forest. 2. The sub- 
stance of trees. 3. Trees cut or sawed for the fire. 4 
An idol. Hab. ii. 
WOOD, V. i: To supply or get supplies of wood. 
WOOD-A-NEM'0-NE, n. A plant. [See Anemone.] 
WOOD'-ASH-ES, n. [wood and ashes.] The remains c£ 

burnt wood or plants. 
WOOD'-BiND, ) 71. A name given to the honeysuck?e, a 
WOOD'-BINE, \ species of lonicera. Lee. 
WgOD'-BOUND, a. [wood and bound.] Encumbered with 

tall, woody hedgerows. 
WOOD'-CHAT, n. A species of butcher-bird. 
WOOD'-CHUK, n. [wood, and chuk, a hog.] The popular 

name in Jfew England of a species of the marmot. 
WOOD'-CoAL, 71. [wood doai coal.] Charcoal. 
WOOD'€0€K, 71. [wood and cocA;.] A fowl. 
WOOD'-COCK SHELL, n. A name given by English 

naturalists to a peculiar kind of the purpura. 
WOOD'-DRINK, n. [wood and drink.] A decoction or 

infusion of medical woods. 
WOOD'ED, a. Supplied or covered with wood. 
W0(3D'EN, a. [from wood.] 1. Made of wood ; consisting 

of wood. 2. Clumsy; awkward. Collier. 
WOOD-EN-GRaV'ING, n. Xylography ; the art of en- 
graving on wood. Cyc. 
WpOD'-FRET-TER, n. [wood and fret.] An insect or 

worm that eats wood. Ainsworth. 
WOOD'-GOD, n. A pretended sylvan deity, Spenser, 
WoOD'-HOLE, 71. A place where wood is laid up. 
WOOD'-HOUSE, n. A house or shed in which wood is 

deposited and sheltered from the weather. United States. 
WOOD'ING, ppr. Getting or supplying with wood. Wash- 
ington. 
WOOD'-LAND, n. 1. Land covered with wood. America 
— 2. In England, a soil which, from its humidity and 
color, resembles the soil in woods. 
WOQD'-LAND, a. Covered v.fith woods ; belonging to the 

woods. Dryden. 
WOOD'-LARK, 71. A bird, a species of lark. 
WOOD'-LaY-ER, n. A young oak or other timber plant, 
laid down in a hedge among the white thorn or other 
plants used in hedges. 
WOOD'LESS, a. Destitute of wood. Mitfard. 
W00D'-L0€K, n. In ship-building, a piece of elm, close- 
fitted and sheathed with copper, in the throating or score 
of the pintle, to keep the rudder from rising. 
WOOD'-LOUSE, n. An insect, the milleped- 
WOOD'LY, adv. Madly. Huloet. 

WOOD'MAN, n. 1. A forest-officer, appointed to take care 

of the king's wood. Eng. 2. A sportsman ; a hunter. Pope. 

WOOD'-MEIL, n. A coarse, hairy stuff made of Iceland 

wool, used to line the ports of ships of war. Cyc. 
WOOD'-MITE, 7?. A small insect found in old wood. 
WOOD'-MON-GER, n. A wood-seller. 
WOOD'-MOTE, n. In England, the ancient name of the 

forest court ; now the court of attachment. 
tWOOD'NESS, 71. Anger; madness; rage. Fisher. 
WOOD'-NiGHT-SHADE, n. A plant. 
WOOD'-NOTE, n. [wood and note.] Wild music. 
WOQD'-NYMPH, 71. [wood and nymph.] A fabled goddess 

of the woods ; a dryad. Milton. 
WOOD-OF'FER-ING, n. Wood burnt on the altar. 



* See Si-nvpsis. A, % I, C, t, Y, long.—FlkVi,, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY .—PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— j ObsoleU. 



WOR 



933 



WOR 



WQOD'PEeK-ER, n. [wood andpeck.] A bird of the genus 
picus, that pecks holes in trees. 

WOOD'-Pl6-EON, n. The ring-dove. Ed. Encyc. 

WOOD-PU'CE-RON, 71. A small insect of the puceronkind. 

WOOD'REVE, 71. [wood and rewe.] In England, the stew- 
ard or overseer of a wood. 

WOOD'-ROOF, ) n. [wood and roof or ruff.'] A plant of 

WOOD'-RUFF, \ the genus asperula. Cyc. 

WC)6D'-SA6E, n. [wood and sage.] A plant. Lee. 

W66D'-SARE, n. A kind of froth seen on herbs. 

WOOD'-SEERE, n. The tune when there is no sap iti a 
tree. 

"WOOD'-SHOeK, 71. The fisher or wejack, a quadruped. 

WOOU'-SOOT, 71. [wood and soot.] Soot from burnt wood, 
which has been found useful as a manure. 

WgOD'-SOR-REL, n. A plant of the genus oxalis. 

WOOD'-SPITE, 71. [icood and spite,] A name given in 
some parts of England to the green woodpecker. 

WOOD'-STONE, n. A blackish-gray silicious stone. 

W06D'-WARD, n. [wood and ward.] An officer of the 
forest, whose duty is to guard the woods. England. 

WOOD'-WASH, 71. A name applied to dyer's broom. 

WOOD'-WAX-EN, n. A plant of the genus genista. 

WOOD'-WoRM, n. A worm that is bred in wood. 

WOOD'Y, a. 1. Abounding with wood. 2. Consisting of 
wood ; ligneous. 3. Pertaining to woods ; sylvan. 

WOO'ER, n. One who courts or solicits in love. 

WOOF, n. [Sax. weft; Sw. vaf] 1. The threads that 
cross the warp in weaving ; the weft. 2. Texture ; cloth. 

WOO'ING, ppr. Courting ; soliciting in love. 

WOO'ING-LY, adv. Enticingly ; with persuasiveness ; so 
as to invite to stay. Shak. 

WOOL, (wul) 71. [Sax. wul ; G. wolle; D. wol ; Sw. ull ; 
Dan. uld.X 1. That soft species of hair which grows on 
sheep and some other animals, which in fineness some- 
times approaches to fur. 2. Short, thick hair.— 3. In bot- 
any, a sort of pubescence, or a clothing of dense, curling 
hairs, on the surface of certain plants. 

WOOL'-BALL, 71. A ball or mass of wool found in the 
stomach of sheep. Cyc. 

WOOL'-€oMB-ER, n. One whose occupation is to comb 
wool. 

WOOLD, V. t. [D. woelen, hewoelen ; G. wulilen.] To 
wind ; particularly, to wind a rope round a mast or yard, 
when made of two or more pieces, at the place where 
they are fished, for confining and supporting them. 

WOOLD'ED, pp. Bound fast with ropes ; wound round. 

WOOLD'ER, 71. A slick used in woolding. Mar. Diet. 

WOOLD'ING, jj/jr. Binding fast with ropes ; winding lound. 

WOOLD'ING, 71. 1. The act of winding, as a rope round 
a mast. 2. The rope used for binding masts and spars. 

WOOL'-DRlV-ER, n. [wool and driver.] One who buys 
wool and carries it to market. 

WOOL'EN, a. 1. Made of wool ; consisting of wool. 2. 
Pertaining to wool ; as, icoolen manufactures. 

WOOL'EN, 71. , Cloth made of wool. Pope. 

W06L'EN-DR aP'ER, n. One who deals in woolen goods. 

WOOL'FEL, 71. [wool and/eL] A skin with the wool. 

WOOL'-GATH-ER-ING, a. An old expression coupled 
with wits, and applied to an inattentive, careless person. 
Burton. 

WOOL'I-NESS, n. The state of being woolly. 

WOQL'LY, a. 1. Corvsisting of wool. 2. Resembling 
wool. 3. Clothed witl, wool.— 4. In botany, clothed with 
a pubescence resembling wool. 

WOOL'LY-PAS'TI-NUM, n. A name given in the East 
Indies to a species of red orpiment or arsenic. Cyc. 

WOOL'PACK, n. [wool and pack.] 1. A pack or bag of 
wool. 2. Any thing bulky without weight. Cleaveland. 

WOOL'SACK, n. [loool and sack.] 1. A sack or bag of 
wool. 2. The seat of the lord chancellor and of the 
judges in the house of lords. England. 

WOOL'-STa-PLE, ?i. [wool and staple.] A city or town 
where wool used to be brought to the king's staple for sale. 

WOOL'-STa-PLER, 71. One who deals in wool. 

WOOT-'TRADE, 71. [wool and trade.] The trade in wool. 

fWOOL'WARD, adv. In wool. 

WOOL'-WiND-ER, n. A person employed to wind or 
nra'ke up wool into bundles to be packed for sale. 

WOOP, 71. A bird. [L. r^ihiciUa.] 

WOOS, 71. A plant ; sea-weed. 

WOOTS, n. Indian steel, a metallic substance. 

WORD, n. [Sax. word, or ivTjrd ; G. wort ; D. looord ; Dan., 
Sw. 07-rf.] 1. An articulate or vocal sound, or a combina- 
tion of articulate and vocal sounds, uttered by the human 
voice, and by custom expressing an idea or ideas ; a single 
component part of human speech or language. 2. The 
letter or letters, written or printed, which represent a 
sound or combination of sounds. 3. A short discourse. 
4. Talk; discourse. 5. Dispute; verbal contention. 6. 
Language; living speech; oral expression. '7. Promise. 
8. Signal; order; command. 9. Account; tidings; 
message. 10. Declaration ; purpose expressed. 11. Dec- 
laration ; affirmation. 12. The Scripture ; divine revela- 



tion, or any part of it. This is called the word of God. 
13. Christ. John i. 14. A motto ; a short sentence ; a 
proverb. Spenser. — .d good word, commendation ; favora- 
ble account. Pope. — Jn word, in declaration only. 1 
John iu. 

WoRDj V. i. To dispute. [Little tised.] L'Estrange. 

W6RD, V. t. To express in words. Addison. 

W^6RD'-€ATCH-ER, 7). One who cavils at words. Pope. 

WoRB'ED, pp. Expressed in words. 

t WoRD'ER. n. A speaker. Whitlock. 

WoRD'I-NESS, 71. [from wordy.] The state or quality of 
abounding with words, .dsh. 

W6RD'ING,j?pr. Expressing in words. 

WoRD'ING, 71. 1. Theactof expressing in words. 2. The 
manner of expressing in words. 

I WoRD'ISH, a. Respecting words. Sidney. 

t WoRD'ISH-NESS, n. Manner of wording. 

WoRD'LESS, a. Not using words ; not speaking ; silent. 

WpRD'Y, a. I. Using many words ; verbose. Spectator 
2. Containing many words ; full of words. Philips. 

WORE, pret. of wear; as, he tcore gloves. 

WORE, pret. of ware ; as, they wore ship. 

WORK, V. i.; pret. and pp. woriicd, or wrought. [Sax. weor- 
can, wircan, wyrcan ; Goth, waurkyan; D. werken ; G. 
wirken.] 1. In a gerieral sense, to move, or to move one 
way and the other ; to perform. 2. To labor ; to be occu- 
pied in performing manual labor, whether severe or mod- 
erate. 3. To be in action or motion. 4. To act ; to carry 
on operations. 5. To operate ; to carry on business ; to 
be customarily engaged or employed in. 6. To ferment. 

7. To operate ; to produce efiects by action or influence, 

8. To obtain by diligence ; [little used.] 9. To act or 
operate on the stomach and bowels, as a cathartic. 10. 
To labor ; to strain ; to move heavily. 11. To be tossed 
or agitated. 12. To enter by working. — To work on, to 
act on; to influence. — To work up, to make way. — To 
work totcivdicard, among seamen, to sail or ply against the 
wind ; to beat. Mar. Diet. 

WORK, V. t. 1. To move; to stir and mix; as, tx) work 
mortar. 2. To form by labor ; to mou' J, shape or manu- 
facture. 3. To bring into any state by action. 4. To in- 
fluence by acting upon ; to manage ; to lead. 5. To make 
by action, labor or violence. 6. To produce by action, 
labor cr exertion. 7. To embroider. 8. To direct the 
movements of, by adapting the sails to the wind. 9. To 
put to labor ; to exert. 10. To cause to ferment, as liquor. 
— To loork out. 1. To efliect by labor and exertion. 2. To 
erase ; to efface ; [obs.] 3. To solve, as a problem. — To 
work up. 1. To raise ; to excite. 2. To expend in any 
work, as materials. 

WORK, n. [Sax. 7ceorc ,• D., G. werk.] 1. Labor ; employ- 
ment ; exertion of strength ; particularly, in man, manual 
labor. 2. State of labor. 3. Awkward performance. 4. 
That which is made or done. 5. Embroidery ; flowers or 
figures wrought with the needle. 6. Any fabric or man- 
ufacture. 7. The matter on which one is at work. 8. 
Action ; deed ; feat ; achievement. 9. Operation. 10. 
Effect ; that which proceeds from agency. 11. Manage- 
ment ; treatment. 12. That which is produced by men- 
tal labor ; a composition ; a book. — 13. Works, in the plu- 
ral, walls, trenches and the like, made for fortifications. 
— 14. In theology, moral duties or external performances, 
as distinct from grace. — To set to work, or to set on icork, 
to employ ; to engage in any business. Hooker. 

WORKED, pp. Moved ; labored ; performed ; managed ; 
fermented. 

WORK'ER, n. One that works ; one that performs. 

WORK'-FEL-LoW, n. One engaged in the same work 
with another. Rom. xvi. 

t WORK'-FoLK, n. Persons that labor. Beaumont. 

WORK'HOUSE, }n. 1. A house where any manu 

WORK'ING-HOUSE, \ facture is carried on.— 2. Gen- 
erally, a house in which idle and vicious persons are con- 
fined to labor. 

WORK'ING, ppr. Moving; operating"; laboring; ferment- 
ing. 

WORK'ING, n. 1. Motion; the act of laboring 2, Fer- 
mentation. 3. Movement; operation. 

WORK'ING-DaY, n. [work and day.] Any day of the 
week, except the Sabbath. 

WORK'MAN, 7t. [work and man.] 1. Any man employed 
in labor, whether in tillage or manufactures.— 2. By way 
of eminence, a skillful artificer or laborer. 

WORK'MAN-LTKE, a. Skillful ; well performed. 

WORK'MAN-LY, a. Skillful ; well performed. 

WORK'MAN-LY, adv. In a skillful manner ; in a manner 
becoming a workman. Tusser. 

WORK 'MAN-SHIP, 7!. 1. Blanufacture ; sometmng made, 
particularly by manual labor. Ex. xxxi. 2. That which 
is effected, made or produced. Eph. ii. 3. The skill of a 
workman ; or the execution or manner of makmg any 
thing. 4. The art of working. 

WORK'MAS-TER, n. [work and master.'' The performer 
of any work. Spenser. 



* See Synopsis MOVE, BOQK, DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH ae in tftis Obsolete 



won 



934 



WOR 



W6RK'SHOP, 71. [vwrk and shop.] A shop where any 
makiuiaaitre is carried on. 

WoKK'WOM-AN, n. A woman who performs any work ; 
or one skilled in needle-work. Spenser. 

W6RK.IY-DAY, n. [corrupt^ from working-day.] A day 
not tlie Sabbath. SJiak. 

World, n. [Sax. weorold, woruld ; D. waereld ; Sw. verld.] 
1. The universe ; the whole system of created globes or 
vast bodies of matter. •2. The earth ; the terraqueous 
globe. 3. The heavens. 4. System of beings ; or the 
orbs which occupy space; and all the beings which in- 
habit them. Heb. xi. 5. Present state of existence. 6. A 
secular life. 7. Public life, or society. 8. Business or 
trouble of life. 9. A great multitude or quantity. 10. 
Mankind ; people in general ; in an indefinite sense. 11. 
Couise of life. 12. Universal empire. 13. The customs 
and manners of men •, the practice of life. 14. All the 
World contains. 15. The principal nations or countries of 
the earth. 16. The Roman empire. Scripture. 17. A 
large tract of country ; a wide compass of things. 18. 
The inhabitants of the earth ; the whole human race. 
John iii. 19. The carnal slate or corruption of the earth. 
6al. i. 20. The ungodly part of the world. 21. Time ; 
as in the phrase, world without end. 22. A collection of 
wonders ; "obs.] — In the world, in possibility. — For allthe 
world. 1. l^xactly ; [little used.] Sidney. 2. For any 
consideration. 

WoRLD'LI-NESS, n. A predominant passion for obtaining 
the good things of this life ; covetousness ; addictedness 
to gain and temporal enjoyments. 

WoRLD'LING, n. A person whose soul is set upon gaining 
temporal possessions ; one devoted to this world and its 
enjoyments. 

VVoRLD'LY, a. 1. Secular; temporal; pertaining to this 
world or life, in contradistinction to the life to come. 2. 
Devoted to this life and its enjoyments ; bent on gain. 3. 
Kuman ; common ; belonging to the world. 

VVolvLD LY, ad/v. With relation to this life. 

WoRLD'LY-MiND-ED, a. Devoted to the acquisition of 
property and to temporal enjoyments. 

WoRLD'LY-MlND'ED NESS, w. A predominating love 
and pursuit of this world's goods, to the exclusion of piety 
and attention to spiritual concerns 

W6RM, 71. [Sax. wyrin ; G. wurm ; D. worm ; Dan. arm.] 
1 In common usage, any small, creeping animal, or rep- 
tile, either entirely without feet, or with very short ones, 
in<"luding a great variety of animals of different classes 
and orders.— 2. In zoology, Che term vermes, or worms, 
has been applied to different divisions of invertebral ani- 
mals, by different naturalists. 3. Remorse ; that which 
incessantly gnaws the conscience ; that which torments. 
Mark ix. 4. A being debased and despised. Ps. xxii. 5. 
A spiral instrument or iron screw, used for drawing wads 
and cartridges from cannon or small arms. 6. Something 
spiral, vermiculated, or resembling a worm ; as, the 
threads of a screw. Moxon. — 7. In chemistry and distille- 
ries, a spiral, leaden pipe placed in a tub of water, 
through which the vapor passes in distillation, and in 
which it is cooled and condensed. 8. A small worm-like 
ligament, situated beneath a dog's tongue. Cyc. 
^6RM, V. i. To v.-ork slowly, gradually and secretly. 

^ORM, V. t. 1. To expel or undermine by slowand secret 
means. 2. To cut something, called a ivorm, from under 
the tongue of a dog. 3. To draw the wad or cartridge 
from a gun ; to clean by the worm. 4. To wind a rope 
spirally round a cable, between the strands ; or to wind a 
smaller rope with spun-yarn. Mar. Diet. — To wond one^s 
selfinto^to enter gi-adually by arts and insinuations 

W6RM'-eAT-EN, a. [worm and eat.] 1. Gnawed by 
worms. 2. Old ; worthless. Raleigh. 

t W-'oRM'-eAT-EI^-NESS; n. Stateof being w-irrn-eatsn; 
rottennepg. 

Wormed, pr>, cleared by a w^rm or f>s5ew 

WoRM'-GRASS, 71. A plant of tbs. genus tpigaha. 

WoRM'ING, ppr. Entering by insinuzJion: drawing, as a 
cartridge ; clearing, as a gun. 

WoRM'LiKE, a. Resembling a worm ; spiral ; vermicular. 

W^6RM'-POW-DER, n. A powder used for expelling worms 
from the stomach and intestines. 

WoRM'-SEED, 71. 1. A seed which has the property of 
expelling worms. 2. A plant. Lee. 

Worm -TINCT'URE, 71. A tincture prepared from earth- 
worms dried, pulverized and mixed with oil of tartar, 
spirit of wine, saffron and castor. 

WoRM'WOOD, n. [Saj wermod ; G. wermuth.] A plant, 
the artenus'ia. It has a bitter, nauseous taste. 

WoRM'WOOD-FLY, n A small black fly. Cyc. 

WoRM'Y, 'fl. 1. Containing a worm; abounding with 
worms. 2. Earthy ; groveling. 

WoRN, pp. o^wear ; as, a garnient long 7Dorn. — JVor?i out, 
consumed or rendered useless bv wearing. 

WOR'NIL, 71. A maggot t'nr infests the backs of cows. 

WOR'RAL, 71 An aniuiiiJ of the lizard kind. 
W6R'R.IED, pp. [from worry.] Harassed ; fatigued. 



W6R'RI-ERj n. One that worries or harasses. 

WoIi'RY, 7). t. [Sax., werig, werigan,werian.] 1. To tease, 
to trouble ; to harass with importunity, or with care and 
anxiety. 2. To fatigue , to harass with laboi* ; a popular 
sense of the word. 3. To harass by pursuit and barking. 
4. To tear; to mangle with the teeth. 5. To vex ; to 
persecute brutally. 

WoR'RY-ING, ppr. Teasing ; troubling ; harassing ; fa- 
tiguing j tearing. 

W6RSE, a. [Sax. wmrse, wyrse ; Dan. verre ; Sw. varre. 
This adjective has the signification of the comparative 
degree, and as bad has no comparative and superlative. 
worse and worst are used in lieu of them, although radi- 
cally they have no relation to bad.] 1. More evil ; more 
bad or ill ; more depraved and corrupt ; in a moral sense 
— 2. In a physical sense, in regard to health, more sick. 
3. More bad ; less perfect or good. — The worse. 1. The 
loss ; the disadvantage. 2. Something less good. 

W6RSE, adv. In a manner more evil or bad. 

t W6RSE, to put to disadvantage, is not in use. See Worst 

f WoRS'EN, V. t. To worse. Milton. 

WoRS'EN, V. i. To become worse. Craven dialect. 

W'ORS'ER is a vulgar word, and not used in goo** writing 
or speaking. 

WoR'SHIP, 77. [Sax. weorthscype ; worth and ship.] 1. Ex- 
cellence of character ; dignity ; worth ; worthiness. 2. 
A title of honor, used in addresses to certain magistrates 
and others of respectable character. 3. A term of ironical 
respect. — 4. Ch.iefi.y and eminently, the act of paying di- 
vine honors to the Supreme Being. 5. The homage paid 
to idols or false gods, by pagans. 6. Honor; respect; 
civil deference. 7. Idolatry of lovers ; obsequious or sub- 
missive respect. 

WoR'SHIP, v.t. 1. To adore ; to pay divine honors to ; 
to reverence with supreme respect and veneration. 2. 
To respect ; to honor ; to treat with civil reverence. 3. 
To honor with extravagant love and extreme submission ; 
as a lover. 

WoR'SHIP, V. i. 1. To, perform acts of adoration. 2. To 
perform religious service. John iv. 

WoR'SHIPED, pp. Adored ; treated with divine honors ; 
treated with civil respect. 

WoR'SHIP-ER, n. One who worships ; one who pays di- 
vine honors to any being ; one who adores. South. 

WoR'SHIP-FUL, a. 1. Claiming respect ; worthy of hon- 
or from its character or dignity. Shak. 2. A term of re- 
spect, so7netimes ironically. 

WoR'SHIP-FUL-LY, adv. Respectfully. Shak. 

WoR SHIP-ING, ppr. Adoring ; paying divine honors to ; 
treating with supreme reverence ;"treating with extreme 
submission. 

WORST, a. [superl. of worse.] 1. Most bad ; most evil. 2. 
Most severe or dangerous ; most difficult to heal. 3. Most 
afflictive, pernicious or calamitous. 

WORST, 71. 1. The most evil state. 2. The most severe 
or aggravated state ; the height. 3. The nvost calamitous 
state. 

Worst, v. t. To get the advantage over in contest ; to de- 
feat ; to overthrow. 

WoRST'ED, pp. Defeated ; overthrown. 

WoRST'ED, (wust'ed) n. [The origin of this word is un- 
certain. It is usually supposed to take its name from a 
town in England or in Flanders.] Yarn spun from conr bed 
wool ; a particular kind of woolen yarn. 

WoRST'ED, a. Consisting of worsted. 

WORT, ft. [Sax. wyrt ; G. wurz ; Sw. art.] 1. A plant ; an 
herb : now used chiefiy or wholly in compounds. 2. A plant 
of the cabbage kind. 3. New beer unfermented, or in 
the act of fermentation ; the sweet infusion of malt. Bacon. 

WORTH, a termination, signifies a farm or court ; as ia 
WnrdsiD07-th. 

Worth, v. i. [Sax. weorthan.] This verb is now used 
only in the phrases, wo worth the day, wo icorth the 
man, &c., in which the verb is in the imperative mode, 
and the noun in the dative ; wo be to the day. 

Worth, n. [Sax. weorth, wurth, wyrth ; G. werth ; D. 
waarde; Sw. vard.] 1. Value; that quahty of a thing 
which renders it useful, or which will produce an equrv- 
alent good in some other thing. 2. Value of mental qual- 
ities ; excellence ; virtue ; usefulness. 3. Importance , 
valuable qualities. 

Worth, a. l. Equal in value to. 2. Deserving of; in a 
good or bad sense, but chiefly in a good sense. 3. Equal in 
possessions to ; having estate to the value of.— Woi t.'iiest 
of blood, an expression in laio, denoting the preference of 
sons to daughters in the descent of estates. 

W6R'THI-LY, adv. 1. In a manner suited to. Ray. 2. 
Deservedly ; according to merit. 3. Justly ; not without 
cause. South. 

WoR'THI-NESS, 77. 1. Desert ; merit. 2. Excellence; 
dignity ; virtue. 3. Worth ; quality or state of deserving. 

WoRTH'LESS, a. 1. Having no value. 2. Havhig no 
value of character or no virtue. 3. Having no dignity or 
excellence. 



*See Synopsis A, E, I, O, tJ, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PRgY ;-PlN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f ObsoUte. 



WRA 



935 



WRl 



VVoRTH'LESS-TsESS, n. 1. Want of value; want of use- 
ful qualities. 2. Want of excellence or dignity, 

WoR'THY, a. [G. wurdig ; B. znaardig ; Sw. vardig.] 1. 
Deserving ; such as merits ; having worth or excellence ; 
equivalent. 2. Possessing worth or excellence of quali- 
ties ; vu-tuous ; estimable. 3. Suitable ; having qualities 
suited to ; either in a good or had sense ; equal in value. 
4. Suitable to any thing bad. 5. Deserving of ill. 
Luke xii. 

AVoR'THY, n. A man of eminent worth ; a man distin- 
guished for useful and estimable qualities ; a man of valor ; 
a word much used in the plural ; as, the icorthies of the 
•rhurch. 

t WoR'THY, V. t. To render worthy ; to exalt. Shak. 

I WOT, V. i. [originally wat ; the preterite of Sax. witan.] 
To know ; to be aware. Spenser. 

WOULD, (wud) pret. of will, G. wollen, L. volo.— Would 
is used as an auxiliary verb in conditional forms of speech ; 
as, "I would go, if T could." This form of expression 
denotes will or resolution, under a condition or supposi- 
tion. — Yon would go, or he would go, denotes simply an 
e2;e/tf, under a condition or supposition. — Would has the 
sense of wish, or pray, particularly in the phrases, '■'■icould 
to God," " 700!tW God we had died in Egypt." — Would 
is used also for wish to do, or to have ; as, what woaldst 
thou ? 

t WoULD'ING, «. Motion of desire. Hammond. 

* WOUND, 7>. [Sax. wund ; B. zoond ; G. toimde.] J. A 
breach of the skin and flesh of an animal, or of the bark 
and wood of a tree, or of the bark and substance of other 
plants, caused by violence or external force. 2. Injury ; 
hurt. 

* WOUND, V. t. To hurt by violence ; as, to icotmd the head 
or the arm ; to wound a tree. Is. liii. 

WOUND, pret. and pp. oiwind. 
*WOUND'ED,p;). Hurt; injured. 

* WOUND'ER, 71. One that wounds. 
WOUND'ING, ppr. Hurting ; injuring. 

* WOUND'ING, n. Hurt -, injury. Qen. iv. 

* WOUND'LESS, a. Free from hurt or injury. 
WOUND'WoRT, n. The name of several plants. 
WOUND'Y, a. Excessive. [J'fot English.] 
WOVE,^re«. of weave ; sometimes the participle. 

tWO&N, jforzcaxe^. 

Note. — W before r is always silent. 

WRA€K, or WRE€K, n. A name given to a marine plant 
which is of great utility as a manure. 

WRA€K, and To WRA€K. See Wreck. 

WRaIN'-BoLT. See Wring-eot.t. 

WRANGLE, tJ. i. [from the root of wring, Sw. vr&nga.\ 
To dispute angrily ; to quarrel peevishly and noisily ; to 
brawl ; to altercate. 

WRaITH, ?/. [perhaps a corruption of sicarth, or swairth.] 
The apparition of a person about to die, as pretended in 
parts of the J^orth of En<rlavd. Grose, 

WRAN'GLE, -u. t. To involve in contention. [Little used.] 

WRAN'GLE, n. An angry dispute ; a noisy quarrel. Swift. 

WRAN'GLER, n. An angry disputant ; one who disputes 
with heat or peevishness. Watts. — Senior wrangler, in 
the university of Cambridge, in England, the student who 
passes the best examination in the senate-house. Then 
follow the second, third, &c. loranglers. 

WRAN'GLE-SoME, a. Contentious ; quarrelsome. Moor. 

''WRAN'GLING, ;)pr. Disputing or contending angrily. 

WRAN'GLING, n. The act of disputing angrily. 

WRAP, V. t. ; pret. and pp. wrapped, or wrapt. ]. To wind 
or fold together. John xx. 2. To involve ; to cover by 
winding something round ; often with up. 3. To in- 
volve ; to hide. 4. To comprise ; to contain. .5. To in- 
volve totally. 6. To inclose. 7. To snatch up ; to trans- 
port. 

WRAPPED, or WRAPT, pp. Wound ; folded ; inclosed. 

WRAP'PER, n. 1. One that wraps. 2. That in which any 
thing is wrapped or inclosed. 

WRAP'PING, ppr. I. Winding; folding; involving; in- 
closing. 2. a. Used or designed for wrapping or covering. 

WRAP'-RAS-€AL, n. An upper coat. Jamieson. 

WRASS, ) n. A fish, the labrus tinea of Linne, called by 

WRASSE, ) authors tardus vulgaris. 

* WRaTH, n. [Sax. icrath, icrmih ; Sw., D. vrede.] I. Vio- 
lent anger ; vehement exasperation ; indignation. 2. 
The effects of anger. Prnv. xxvii. 3. The just punish- 
ment of an offense or crime. Rom. xiii. — God's wrath, in 
Scripture, is his holy and just indignation against sin. 
Rom. i. 

*WRaTH'FUL, a. I. Very angiy ; greatly incensed. 2. 
Springing from wrath, or expressing it. 

* WRATH'FUL-LY, adv. With violent anger. Shak. 

* WRATH'FTIL-NESS, n. Vehement anger. 

* WRATH'LESS, a. Free from anger. Waller. 

* WRaTH'Y, a. Very angry -j^a colloquial icord. 

f WRAWL, V. i. [Sw. vrala.] To cry, as a cat. 



WReAK, v. t. [Sax. wrcBcan, wrtsccan ; D. tcreekeni G. 

r'dchen.] 1. To execute ; to inflict ; to hurl or drive 2 

To_revenge; [nearly obs.] Fairfax. 
WReAK, for recA:, to care, is a mistake. Shak. 
t WReAK, n. Revenge ; vengeance ; furious passion 
WReAK'FUL, a. Revengeful ; angry. Shak. 
WReAK'LESS, a. Unrevengeful ; weak. Shak. 
WReATH, n. [Sax. wrceth, wreoth.] 1. Something twistf d 

or curled. 2. A garland ; a chaplet. 
WReATH, v. t. ; pret. wreathed; pp. wreathed, loreaihen 

1. To twist ; to convolve ; to wind one about another. 2 
To interweave ; to entwine. 3. To encircle, as a gar- 
land. 4. To encircle as with a garland ; to dress in a 
garland. 

WReATH, v. i. To be interwoven or entwined. 

WREATHED, pp. Twisted ; entwined ; interwoven. 

WReATH'ING, ^/ir. Twisting; entwining; encircling 

WReATH'Y, a. Twisted; curled; spiral. 

WRECK, n. [Dan. vrag, a wreck, shipwreck ; Sw. vrak , 
Sax. wrcBc, wraxca ; D. wrak.] 1. Destruction ; properly, 
the destruction of a ship or vessel on the shore. 2. The 
ruins of a ship stranded ; a ship dashed against rocks or 
land and broken, or otherwise rendered useless by vio- 
lence and fracture. 3. Dissolution by violence ; ruin ; de- 
struction. 4. The remains of any thing ruined ; dead 
weeds and grass. — 5. In metallurgy, the vessel in which 
ores are washed the third time. — 6. Wreck, for wreak, is 
less proper ; [see also Rack..] 

WRECK, V. t. [Sw. vraka.] 1. To strand ; to drive against 
the shore, or dash against rocks, and break or destroy. 2. 
To ruin. — 3. Wreck, for wreak, is improper. Shak. 

WRECK, V. i. To suffer wreck or ruin. Milton. 

WRECKED, pp. Dashed against the shore or on rocks. 

WRECK'FUL, a. Causing wreck. 

"WRECK'ING, ppr. Stranding ; running on rocks. 

WREN, n. [Sax. wrenna ; Ir. drean.] A small bird. 

WRENCH, y. f. [G. verrenken ; D. verwringen.] L To pull 
with a twist ; to wrest, twist or force by violence. 2. To 
strain ; to sprain ; to distort. 

WRENCH, n. 1. A violent twist, or a pull with twisting. 

2. A sprain ; an injury by twisting ; as in a joint. 3. An 
instrument for screwing or unscrewing iron-work 4. 
Means of compulsion ; [obs.]— 5. In the plural, sleights ; 
subtilties ; [obs.] 

WREST, v.t. [Sax. wrcestan ; G. reissen ; Dan. vrist-ir.] 1. 
To twist or extort by violeiice ; to pull or force from by 
violent wringing or twisting. 2. To take or force from by 
violence. 3. To distort ; to turn from truth, or twist from 
its natural meaninsr, by violence ; to pervert. 

WREST, 77. 1. Distortion ; violent pulling and twisting ; 
perversion. 2. Active or moving power; [obs.] 3. An 
instrument to tune. 

WREST'ED, pp. Pulled with twisting ; distorted ; per 
verted. 

WREST'ER, n. One who wrest? or perverts. 

WREST'TNG, ppr. Fulling witti a twist ; distorting. 

WRES'TLE, (res'l) v. i. [Sox. wrcestlian, or wraxlian ; D 
worstelen.] I. To strive with arms extended, as two men, 
who seize each other by the collar and arms, each en- 
deavoring to throw the other by tripping up his heels and 
twitching him off hirf centre. 2. To struggle ; to strive ; 
to contend. 

t WRES'TLE, V. t. To overcome in wrestling. Spenser. 

WRES'TLER, v. One who wrestles ; or one who is skill- 
ful in wrestling. 

WRES'TLING, ppr. Striving to throw ; contending. 

WRES'TLI^VG, 7!. Strife ; struggle ; contention. 

WRETCH, 7?. [Sax. icracca.] ]. A miserable person ; one 
sunk in the deepest distress. 2. A worthless mortal. 3. 
A person sunk in vice. 4. It is sometimes used by way 
of slight or ironical pity or contempt. 5. It is sometimes 
used to express tenderness. 

WRETCH'ED, a. ]. Very miserable ; sunk into deep afflic- 
tion or distress, either from want, anxiety or grief. 2. 
Calamitous ; very afflicting. 3. Worthless ; paltry ; very 
poor or mean. 4. Despicable ; hatefully vile and con- 
temptible. 

WRETCH'ED-LY, adv. 1. Most miserably; very poorly 
2. Unhappilv. 3. Meanly ; despicablv. 

WRETCH'ED'-NESS, 7?. 1. Extreme misery or unhappi- 
ness, either from want or sorrow. ' 2. Meanness ; despi- 
cableness ; as, the wretchedness of a performance. 

WRETCH'LESS, for reckless, ) „„ imnroner 

WRETCH'LESS-NESS, fox recklessness, ] ^^^ unpropei. 

t WRIG, for wriggle 

WRIG'GLE, V. i. [W. rhuglaw ; D. wriggelen.] To mov 
the body to and fro with short motions. Swift. 

WRIG'GLE, V. t. To put into a quick, reciprocating mo 
tion ; to introduce by a shifting motion. Hudibras. 

WRIG'GLER, 71. One who wriggles. 

WRIG'GLING, ppr. Moving the body one way and the 
other with quick turns. 

WRIGHT, (rite) n. [Sax. jcryhta.] An artificer ; one whose 
occupation is some kind of mechanical business ; a work- 



* See Synopsii Mf^VE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL , UNITE — € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tto. f ObaoJtfc 



936 



XEN 



aian ; a manufacturer. This word is now chiefly used in 
compounds, as in shiptcright, wheelwright. 

WRING, V. t. ; pret. and pp. wringcd dii\6. wrung. The lat- 
ter is chiefly used. [Sax. icringan ; G. ringen; D. wrin- 
gen ; Dan, ringer.] 1. To twist ; to turn and strain with 
violence. 2. To squeeze ; to press ; to force by twisting. 
3. To writhe. 4. To pinch ; [obs.] 5. To distress ; to 
press with pain. 6. To distort ; to pervert. 7. To per- 
secute with extortion. 8. To bend or strain out of its po- 
sition. Mar. Diet. — To %Dring off-, to force off or separate 
by Wringing. — To wring out. 1. To force out ; to squeeze 
out by twisting. 2. To free from a liquor by wringing.— 
To wring frovi, to force from' by violence ; to extort. 

WRING, V. i. To writhe j to twist, as with anguish. 
Shak. 

WRING, n. Action of anguish. Hall. 

WRING'-BoLT, n. A bolt used by shipwrights, to bend 
and secure the planks against the timbers till they are 
fastened by bolts, spikes and tree-nails. 

WRINGED, pp. Twisted ; pressed ; distressed ; extorted. 

WRING'ERj n. One who wrings j one that forces water 
out of any thing by wringing. 

WR IN G'ING,p;>r. Twisting j writhing; extorting. 

WRING'-STaVES, n. Strong bars of wood used in apply- 
ing wring-bolts. Mar. Diet. 

WRIN KLE, n. [Sax. 7crmc/e ; Sw.rynka; Dan.rynke.'] 1. 
A small ridge or prominence, or a furrow, formed by the 
shrinking or contraction of any smooth substance ; corru- 
gation ; a crease. 2. A fold or rumple in cloth. 3. 
Roughness ; unevenness. 

WRIN'KLE, v.t, [Sax. icrinclian ; Sw. rynka ; Dan. ryn- 
ker.] 1. To contract into furrows and prominences ; to 
corrugate. 2. To make rough or uneven. 

WRIN'KLE, V. i. To shrink into furrows and ridges. 

WRIN'KLED, pp. Contracted into ridges and furrows. 

WRIN'KLING, ppr. Shrinking; contracting into ftirrows 
and ridges. 

WRJST, n. [Sax. lorist.] 1. The joint by which the hand 
is united to the arm. — 2. In the manege, the bridle-wrist is 
that of the cavalier's left hand. 

WRIST'BAND, n. [wrist and band.] That band or part of a 
shirt sleeve which covers the wrist. 

WRIT, n. [from write.] 1. That which is written ; in this 
sense, writ is particularly applied to the Scriptures ; as, 
holy writ. — 2. In lain, a precept issued from the proper 
authority to the sheriff, his deputy or other subordinate 
otiicer, commanding him to perform some act, as to sum- 
mon a defendant into court to answer, and the like. 3. 
A legal instrument. 

t WRIT, pret. of write, is not now used. 

t WRi'TA-TiVE, a. Disposed to write. Pope. 

WRITE, V. t. ; pret. wrote ; pp. writ, written. [Sax. writan, 
awritan, geicritan ; Ice. rita.] 1. To form by a pen on pa- 
per or other material, or by a graver on wood or stone. 
2. To express by forming letters and words on paper or 
stone. 3. To engrave. 4. To impress durably. 5. To 
compose or produce, as an author. 6. To copy ; to tran- 
scribe. 7. To communicate by letter. 

WRITE, V. i. I. To perform the act of fofming characters, 
letters or figures, as representatives of sounds or ideas. 
2. To be employed as a clerk or an amanuensis. 3. To 
play the author. 4. To recite or relate in books. 5. To 
send letters. 6. To call one's self; to he entitled ; to use 
the style of. 7. To compose ; to frame or combine ideas 
and express them in words. 

WRiT'ER, n. 1. One who writes or has written. 2. An 
author. 3. A clerk or amanuensis, 

WRiTHE, t\ t. [Sax. writhan ; Sw. vrida ,• Dan. vrider.] 
1. To twist ; to distort. 2. To twist with violence. 3. 
To wrest ; to distort ; to torture ; [obs.] 

WRiTHE, V. i. To twist; to be distorted. Addison. 

WRITHED, pp. Twisted ; distorted. 

WRTTH'ING, ppr. Twisting'; distorting. 

+ WRITH'LE, v.U [from writhe.] To wrinkle. Spenser. 



WRlT'lNG, ppr. 1. Forming, as characters, with a peh, 
style or graver. 2. a. Used or intended for writing. 

WRlT'ING, 71. 1. The act or art of forming letters and 
characters, for the purpose of recording ideas. 2. Any 
thing written or expressed in letters ; hence, any legal 
instrument, as a deed, a receipt, &c. 3. A book ; any 
written composition ; a pamphlet ; as, the writings of Ad- 
dison. 4. An inscription. John xix. — 5. Writings, plu. 
conveyances of lands j deeds ; or any official papers. 

WRIT'ING-MaS'TER, 71. One who teaches the art of pen- 
manship. 

WRIT'TEN, pp. Expressed in letters.— Written laws, stat- 
utes ; laws enacted by the supreme power and recorded ; 
as contradistinguished from unwritten or comvion law 

t WRIZ'ZLED, for writhled. Spenser. 

fWRo'KEN, for wreaked. Spenser. 

WRONG, a. [Sw. vrang ; Dan. vrang ; Sw. vranga ; Dan. 
vraiiiger.] 1. Not physically right ; not fit or suitable ; as, 
the icrong side of a garment. 2. Not morally right ; that 
deviates from the line of rectitude prescribed by God ; 
not just or equitable ; not right or proper ; not legal ; er- 
roneous. 3. Erroneous; not according to truth. 

WRONG, 71. Whatever deviates from moral rectitude ; any 
injury done to another ; a trespass ; a violation of right, — 
Wrongs are private or public. Private wrongs are civil 
injuries, immediately affecting individuals ; public wrongs 
are crimes and misdemeanors which affect the community 

WRONG, adv. Not rightly ; amiss ; morally ill ; erroneously. 

WRONG, V. t. I. To injure ; to treat with injustice ; to de- 
prive of some right, or to withhold some act of justice 
from. 2. To do injustice to by imputation ; to impute 
evil unjustly. 

WRONG'-Do-ER, n. One who injures another, or does 
wrong. 

WRONG'-DO-ING, n. Evil or wicked act or action. 

WRONGED, pp. Treated unjustly; injured. 

WRONG'ER, 71. One who injures another. 

WRONGFUL, a. Injurious; unjust. 

WRONG'FUL-LY, adv. Unjustly ; in a manner contrary 
to the moral law or to justice. 

WRONG'HEAD, } a. Wrong in opinion or principle , 

WRONG-HEAD'ED, <j having a perverse understanding ; 
perverse. 

WRONG-HEAD'ED-NESS, n. Perverseness ; erronejus- 
ness. 

t WRONG'LESS-LY, adv. Without injury to any one. 

WRONG'LY, adv. In a wrong manner ; unjustly ; amiss. 

WRONG'NESS, n. Wrong disposition ; error. Butler. 

WROTE, pret. of write ; as, he wrote a letter yesterday. 

WROTH, a. [Sax. wrceth, wrath,] Very angry ; much ex^ 
asperated. 

WROUGHT, (rawt) p'ret, and pp. of work. [Sax. worhte, 
the pret. and pp. of icircan, weorcan, to work.] I. Worked ; 
formed by work or labor. 2. Effected ; performed. 3. 
Effected ; produced. 4. Used in labor. 5. Worked ; 
driven. 6. Actuated. 7. Worked ; used ; labored in. 
8. Formed ; fitted. 9. Guided ; managed ; [obs.] 10. 
Agitated; disturbed. — Wrought on or upon, influenced; 
prevailed on. — Wrought to or up to, excited ; inflamed. 

WRUNG, pret. and pp. of wring. 

WRY, a. [Goth, tcraicwa, or Dan. vrier.] ]. Twisted; 
turned to one side ; distorted. 2^ Deviating from the 
right direction. 3. Wrested ; perverted. 

t WRY, V. i. To be writhed or distorted. 

t WRY, V. t. To distort ; to Wrest. 

WRY'NEOK, 7(. [wry and neck.] 1. A twisted or distorted 
neck ; a deformity in which the neck is drawn to one 
side, and at the same time somewhat forwards. 2. A 
disease of the spasmodic kind, in sheep, in which the 
head is drawn to one side. — 3. In ornithology, a bird re* 
sembling the woodpeckers. 

WR-?'NE€KED, a. Having a distorted neck. 

WR"?'NESS, 71. The state of being wry or distorted 

WYCH'-ELM, n. A variety of the elm. Cyc. 



X. 



Xthe twenty-fourth letter of the English Alphabet, is 
5 borrowed from the Greek. In the middle and at the 
eiid of words, it has the sound of ks, as in wax, lax, lux- 
ury. At the beginning of a word, it has precisely the 
sound o^ z. 

It is used as an initial, in a few words borrowed from the 
Greek. 

As a numeral, X stands for ten. It represents one V, which 
stands for five, placed on the top of another. When laid 
horizontally, thus x , it stands for a thousand, and with 
a dash over it, thus X, it stands for ten thousand. 



As an abbreviation, X. stands for Christ, as in Xn. Christian i 
Xm. Christmas. 

XAN'THID, } n. A compound of xanthogene and a metal 

XAN'THIDE, \ Henry. 

XAN'THO-GENE, n. FGr. ^avOos and yevvato.] The base 
of a new acid, produced by the mixture of a solution of 
pure potassa with bisulphuret of carbon. 

XE-BEG', 71. A small three-masted vessel, used in the 
Mediterranean sea. Mar. Diet. 

XE-NOD'0-€HY, n. [Gr. ^evoSoxia.] Reception of stran- 
gers ; hospitality. Cocker am. 



* See Synopsl- A, E, I, O, Xj, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— + ObsoleU 



YAW 



937 



YEL 



XE-RO-€OL-LYR'I-UM, n. [Gr. ^t]pos and KoWvpiov.] A 

dry coilyriuin or eye-salve. Coxe. 
XE-Ro'DeS, 71, Any tumor attended with dryness. 
XER-O-My'RUM, n. [Gr. |>?p«Jj, dry, and ixvpov, ointment.] 

A dry ointment. Coze. 
XE-ROPH'A-6Y, it. [Gr. ^vpos and ^ayw.j The eating of 

dry meats, a sort of fast among the primitive Christians. 
XE-ROPH'THAL-MY, M. [Gr. ^rjpos and ocpdaXnia.] A dry, 

red soreness or itching of the eyes. 
XE-RO'TES, 71. A dry habit or disposition. 



XIPH'I-AS, n. [Gr. from ^i6os.] 1. The Bword-fiah. 2. A 

comet shaped like a sword. 

XIPH'OID, a. The xiphoid or cnsiform cartilage is a small 
cartilage placed at the bottom of the breast -bone. 

XY-LO-BAL'SA-MUM, n. The wood of the balsam tree. 

XY-LOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. |uXoi' acd ypa^w ] Wood-en- 
graving j the act or art of cutting figures in wood, in rep- 
resentation of natural objects. 

XYS'TER, 71. [Gr. luarpov, from |uu, to scrape.] A surgeon^s 
instrument for scraping bones. 



Y. 



Ythe twenty-fifth letter of the English Alphabet, is 
J taken from the Greek u. At the beginning of words, 
it is called an articulation or consonant, and with some 
propriety perhaps, as it brings the root of the tongue in 
close contact with the lower part of the palate, and nearly 
in the position to which the close g brings it. Hence it 
has happened, that, in a great number of words, g has been 
changed into?/; as the Sax. gear, into year; geomian, 
into yearn ; gyllan, into yell ; gealew, into yellow. 
In the middle and at the end of words, y is precisely the 
same as i. It is sounded as i long, when accented, as in 
defy, rely ; and as i short, when unaccented, as in vanity, 
glory, stjnonymoiis. This latter sound is a vowel. At the 
beginning of words, y answers to the German and Dutch j. 
Y, as a numeral, stands for 150, and, with a dash over it, Y, 

for 150,000. 
YACHT, (yot) n. [D, jagt ; G. jacht.] A vessel of state 
used to convey princes, embassadors and other great per- 
sonages from one place to another. 
YAFF, V. i. To bark. Cheshire. 
YA'GER, (yaw'ger) n. [G.jdger.] A horseman. 
Ya'HOO, n. A word used by Chesterfield, I suppose for a 

savage, or a person resembling a savage. 
YAK, 71. A species of ox ; the grunting ox of Pennant. 

Cyc. 
YAM, n. A large esculent root growing intronical climates. 
YAM'BOO, 71 A kind of plant producing a friiit, 
YAN'KEE, 71. A Corrupt pronunciation of the word English 

by the native Indians of America. Heckewelder. 
YAM'MER, V. i. To complain ; to whine ; to make a disa- 
greeable noise. Brockett. 
YAN'0-LITE, 71. A mineral, called also axinite or thumer- 

stone, whose crystals resemble an ax. Ure. 
YAP, to bark, is not a legitimate word. 
YAP'ON, 71. The cassine or South sea tea. 
YARD, 71. [Sax. geard, gerd, gyrd.] 1. A measure of three 
feet or thirty-six inches. 2. [Sax. gyrdan, to inclose.] 
An inclosure ; usually, a small, inclosed place in front of 
or around a house or barn. — 3. In shijis, a long, slender 
piece of timber, nearly cylindrical, suspended upon the 
mast, by which a sail is extended. — Dock-yard, a place 
where ships are laid up. — Prison-yard, primarily, an in- 
closure about a prison, or attached to it. Hence, liberty of 
the yard is a liberty granted to persons imprisoned for 
debt, of walking in the yard, or within any other limits 
prescribed by law. U, States. 
YARD, V. t. To confine cattle to the yard. [A farmer's 

word.] 
YARD'- ARM, n. [yard and arm.] Either half of a ship's 

yard, from the centre or mast to the end. 
YARD'-STICK, ?i. [yard and stick.] A stick three feet in 

length, used as a measure of cloth, &c. 
YARD'-WAND, n. A measure of a yard ; now yard-stick. 
\ YARE, fl. [Sax. gearw.] Ready ; dextrous ; eager, 
f YARE'LY, adv. Readily ; dextmusly ; skilfully. Shak. 
YARK. See Yerk. 

YARN, n. [Sax. gea7-n ,• G., Ice., Sw. garn.] 1. Spun wool ; 

woolen thread ; but it is applied also to other species of 

thread, as to cotton and linen. — 2. In rope-making, one of 

the threads of which a rope is composed. 

f YARR, V. i. [Low L. hirrio ; Celtic, gar.] To growl or 

snarl, as a dog. Jlinsworth. 
YAR'RISH, a. Having a rough, dry taste. [Local.] 
YAR'RoW, n. [Sax. gearwe ; Sp. yaro.] A plant of the 
genus achillea ; the milfoil, or plant of a thousand leaves. 
YATE, in the north of England, is used for gate. 
YAUD, 7). A horse. Grose. 
YAULP, or YAUP, v. i. To yelp. Brockett. 
YAW, w. The African name of a raspberry. Cyc. 
YAW, V. i. 1. To rise in blisters, breaking in white froth, 
as cane-juice in the sugar-works. V/est Indies. — 2. In 
navigation to deviate from the line of her course, as a 
ship 
YAWL, 71 A small ship's boat, usually rowed by four or 
six tiars. 



YAWL, V. i. To cry out. See "Yell. 

YAWN, V. i. [Sax. geonan, gynian ; 6. g'dhnen.] 1. To 
gape ; to oscitate ; to have the mouth open involuntarily, 
through drowsiness or duhness. 2. To upen wide. 3 
To express desire by yawning. 

YAWN, n. 1. A gaping; an involuntary opening of the 
ihouth from drowsiness; oscitation. 2. An opening 
wide. 

YAWN'ING, ppr. 1. Gaping; opening wide. 2. a. Sleepy; 
drowsy ; dull. Shak. 

YAWN'ING, 71. The act of gaping or opening wide. 

YAWS, 71. A severe cutaneous disease in Africa, &c. 

Y-CLAD', ^;?. Clad. [Obsolete^ except in poetry, and perhapf 
in burlesque only.] 

Y'-CLEP'ED, (e-klepf) pp. of SaX. ge-clypian, clepan,tocaU 
Called ; named. It is obsolete except in burlesque. 

t Y-DRAD', ^;p. Dreaded. Spenser. 

YE, pron. [Sax. ge.] The nominative plural of the second 
person, of which thou is the singular. 

*YEA, (yS) adv. [Sax. gea, geac ; G ,D.,Dan.ja.] 1. Yes; 
a word that expresses affirmation or assent. 2. It some- 
times enforces the sense ot something preceding ; not 
only so, but more. — 3. Iii Scripture, it is used to denote 
certainty, consistency, harmony aiid stability ; as, " all the 
promises of God in him are yea, and in him are amen.* 
2 Cor. i. — Yea is used only 'n the sacred and solemn 
style. [See Y'e^.] 

t YeAD, or t GeAD, v. i. To go. Spenser. 

YeAN, v.i. [Sax. eanian.] To bring forth young, as a gof»t 
or sheep ; to lamb. [Obsolete or local.] 

YeANED, pp. Brought fortli, 

YkAN'LING, 71. The young of sheep; a lamb. [Obsolete, or 
local.] ^ 

Year, n. [Sax. uear ; G.jahr ; B.jaar; Sw. ar.] 1. The 
space or period of time in which the sun moves through 
the twelve signs of the ecliptic, or whole circle, and re- 
turns to the same point. This is the solar year, and com- 
prehends what are called the twelve calendar months, or 
365 days, 5 hours, and 49 minutes, within a small frac- 
tion. But, in popular usage, the year consists of 365 days, 
and every fourth year [bissextile or leap year] of 366 ; a 
day being added to February, on account of the 5 hours 
and 49 iiinutes. 2. Tlie time in which any planet com- 
pletes a revolution. 3. The time in which the fixed stars 
make a revolution is called tlie great year. — 4. Years, in 
the plural, is sometimes equivalent lo age or old age ; as, 
a man in years. 

YeAR'-BOOK, n. [year and book.] A book containing an- 
nual reports of cases adjudged in the courts of England. 

fYEARED, a. Containing years. B. Jonson. 

YeAR'LING, 71. A young beast one year old. 

YeAR'LING, a. Being a year old ; as a yearling heifer. 

YeAR'LY, a. 1. Annual ; happening, accruing or coming 
every year. 2. Lasting a year. 3. Comprehending a 
year. 

YeAR'LY, adv. Annually ; once a year. 

YEARN, (yern) I v. i. [Sax. geomian, giernan, gyrnan. 

YERN, \ carTiiflTi.] 1. Tobestramed ; tobepained 

or distressed ; to suffer.— 2. Usually, to long ; to feel an 
earnest desire ; that is, literally, to have a desire or in- 
clination stretching towards the object or end. 
f YEARN, V. t. To pain ; to grieve ; to vex. Shak. 

tYEARN'FUL, a. Mournful; distressing. 

YEARN'ING, ypr. Longing; having longing desire. 

YEARN'ING, n. Strong emotions of desire, tenderness o? 
pity. 

* Y'EAST, (yeest, or j^est) n. [Sax. gist ; G. gUscht : D. gist.] 
I. Barm ; the foam, froth or flo'ver of beer or other liquoi 
in fermentation ; used for raising dough for bread. 2 
Spume or foam of water ; [obs.] 

*YEAST'Y. a. Frothy; foamy: spumy; like yeast. 

* Y'ELK, (rften, but less correctly, written yolk) n. [Sax 
gealew ; G. gelb.] The yellow part of an egg ; the vitel 
lus. ^ 

YELL, V. i. [Sax. giellan, gyllan ; D. gillen ,• Sw. galla.\ 



* See Synopsis . MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in f At* f Obsolete 



YIE 



938 



YTT 



To cry c»ui with i hideous noise ; to cry or scream as with 

agony or Iiorror. 
YELL. n. A sharp, loud, hideous outcry. Phillips. 
YEhL'ING, ppr. Uttering hideous ouicries ; shrieking. 
YELL'ING, n. The act of screaming hideously. 
YEL'LoW, a. [Sax. gealew ; G. gelb ; D. geel.] Being of a 

blight color; of the color of gold. JVewton. 
YEL'LoW, n. A bright color, reflecting the most light of 

any, after white. 
YEL'LoW-BLOS'SOMED, a. Furnished or adorned with 

yellow flowers. Ooldsmith, 
YEL'LoW-BOY, «. A gold coin. [Vulgar.] 
YEL'LoW-EARTH, n. A soft, yellow mineral. 
YEL'L.v1W-Fe'VER, n. A malignant disease of warm 

c imates, which often suffuses the skin with a yellowish 

coior. 
YEL^LoW-GoLDS, n. A flower. B. Jonson. 
YEL'LOW-HAM'MER, n. A bird of the genus emheriza. 
YEL'LoW-ISH, a. Somewhat yellow. Woodward. 
YEL LoW-ISH-NESS, n. The quality of being somewhat 

yellow. Boyle. 
YEL'LoW-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being yellow. 2. 

Jealousy ; [obs.~\ Shak, 
YEL'LoWS, n. A disease of horses, cattle and sheep. 
YELP, V. i. [Sax. gealpan ; Dan. gylper.] To bark, as a 

beagle-hound after his prey, or as other dogs. 
YELP'ING, ppr. Barking in a particular manner. 
YEN'ITE, n. A mineral found in the isle of Elba. 

* YEo'MAN, n. [Sax. gemcene ; Sw. ge.vien ; Dan. gemeen.] 

1. A common man, or one of the plebeians, of the first or 
most respectable class; a freeholder; a man free born. 

2. An officer in the king's household, of a middle rank 
between a gentleman and a groom. — 3. In ships, an infe- 
rior officer under the boatswain, gunner or carpenters, 
charged with the stowage, account and distribution of the 
stores. 4. A name or title of certain soldiers ; as, yeoman 
of the guard. 

* YEo'JVlAN-LY, a. Pertaining to a yeoman. B. Jonson. 

* YEo'MAN-RY, n. The collective body of yeomen or free- 
holders. 

YERK, V. t. To throw or thrust with a sudden, smart 
spring. Far. Diet. 

YERK, n. A sudden or quick thrust or motion. 

YERK'ING, ppr. Thrusting with a quick spring. 

YERN. See Yearn, 

YER'NUT, or YAR'NUT, n. An earthnut ; a pignut. Wil- 
braham. 

*Y'E&, adv. [Sax. g-ise.] A word which expresses affirma- 
tion or consent ; opposed to no. 

YEST. See Yeast. 

YES'TER, a. [G. gestcrn ; Sax. gystem; "L. hesternus.'] 
Last ; last past ; next before the present ; as, yester sun. 
— [JVote. This is seldom used, except in the compounds 
which follow.] 

*YES'TER-DAY, n. [Sax. gyrstan-dceg, gyrsteriilic dceg.] 

1. The day last past ; the day next before the present. — 

2. Yesterday is used generally without a preposition ; as, 
I went to town yesterday. 

* YES'TER-NTGBT, n. [yester and night.] 1. The last 
night. 2. It is used without a preposition. 

YEST'Y. See Yeasty. 

YET, conj. [Sax. get, gyt ; Gr. en.] Nevertheless ; not- 
withstanding ; however. 

YET, adv. 1. B-side ; over and above. 2. Still ; the state 
remaining the same. 3. At this time; so soon. 4. At 
least; at all. 5. It is prefixed to words denoting extension 
of time or continuance. 6. Still ; in a new degree. 7. 
Even ; after all ; a kind of emphatical addition to a nega- 
tive. 8. Hitherto. 
tYE'VEN, for given. Spenser. 
EW, n. [Sax. iw ; W. yw, or yicen ; Fr. if.] An evergreen 
tree valued for its wood or timber. 

YEW, V. i. To rise, as scum on the brine in boiling at the 
salt works. See Yaw. Cyc. 

YEW'EN, a. Made of yew. Hubberd. 

YEX, n. [Sax. geocsa.] A hiccough. [Little used.] 

YEX,j,'. i. To hiccouah. 

f Y-FeRE', ado. Together. Spenser. 

YIELD,!). (. [Sax. gieldan, gildan, gyldan.] 1. To produce, 
as land, stock or funds ; to give in return for labor, or as 
profit. 2. To produce, in general. 3. To aflx)rd ; to 
exhibit. 4. To allow ; to concede ; to admit to be true. 
5. To give, as claimed of right. 6. To permit to grant. 7. 
To emit ; to give up. 8. To resign ; to give up ; some- 
times with up or over. 9. To surrender. 

YIELD, v.i. 1. To give np the contest; to submit. 2. To 
comply with. 3. To give way; not to oppose. 4. To 
give place, as inferior in rank or excellence. 

f YIeLD'A BLE-NESS, n. Disposition to comply, 

f YIeLD'ANCE, n. Act of producing ; concession. 

YIeLD'ED, fp. Produced ; affisrded ; conceded ; allowed ; 
resigned ; surrendered. 

YIeLD'ER, n. One who yields. 

YIeLD'ING, p;?r. 1. Producing; affording; conceding; 



resigning; surrendering; allowing. 2. a. Inclined to 
g^ve way or comply ; flexible ; accommodating. 

I^'IeLD'IIVG, n. Act of producing ; act of surrendering . 
submission. Shak. 

YIeLD'IJSIG-LY, adv. With compliance. 

YIeLD'ING-NESS, 71. Disposition to comply ; quality oi. 
yielding. Paley. 

Yo'JAN, n. In the East Indies, a measure or distance of 
five miles. .Bsiat. Res. 

YOKE, 71. [Sax. g^eoc, or ioc; D. juk ; G.joch; Fr. joug.] 
1. A piece of timber, hollowed or made curving neaf 
each end, and fitted with bows for receiving the necks ot 
oxen ; by which means two are connected for drawing. 2. 
A mark of servitude ; slavery ; bondage. 3. A chain ; a 
link ; a bond of connection. 4. A couple ; a pair; as, a 
yoke of oxen. 5. Service. Matt. xi. 

YOKE, V. t. i. To put a yoke on ; to join in a yoke. 2. To 
couple ; to join with another. 3. To enslave ; to bring 
into bondage. 4. To restrain ; to confine. 

Yoked, pp. Confined in a yoke ; joined ; coupled. 

YoKE'-ELM, «_. A tree. _ 

YcKE'-FEL-LoW, or YoKE'-MATE,7i. [yoke and fellow 
or mate.] 1. An associate or companion. 2. A mate; a 
fellow. Spectator. 

YoK'lNG, ppr. Putting a yoke on ; joining ; coupling. 

t YoLD, for yielded. Spenser. 

*YoLK, 7?.. 1 The yelk of an egg ; [see Yelk.] 2. The 
unctuous secretion from the skin of sheep, which renders 
the pile soft and pliable. 3. The vitellus, a. part of the 
seed of plants, so named by Gaertner, from its supposed 
analogy with the yelk of an egg. 

YOLP. See Y^elp. 

YON, YOND, or YON'DER, a. [Sax. geond.] Being at a 
distance within view. Bacon. 

YOiN, YOND, or YON'DER, adv. At a distance within 
view. 

t YOND, a. Mad ; furious, or alienated in mind. Spenser. 

\ YORE, adv. [Sax. geara,] Long. Spenser. — Of yore, of 
old time ; long ago ; as, in times or days of yore. 

YOU, (yu) [Sax. eow, iu, inch; G. euch ; Arm. chny , 
D. gu, or yu, thou.] 1, The pronoun of the second per- 
son, in the nominative or objective case, — In familiar 
language, it is applied to an individual, as thou is in the 
solemn style. In the plural, it is used in the solemn style 
in the objective case. 2, Fow is used, like oti in French, 
for any one ; as, "this at a distance looks like a rock ; but 
as you approach it, you see a little cabin." 

Y6UNG, (yung) a. [Sax. iong, geong ; G. jung ; D. jong ; 
Sw., Ban. ung.] 1, Not having been long born ; being 
in the first part of life ; not old ; used of animals ; as, a 
young child. 2. Being in the first part of growth ; as, a 
young plant, 3. Ignorant ; weak ; or, rather, having little 
experience. 

Y6UNG, n. The offspring of animals, either a single an- 
imal, or offspring collectively. 

YoUN'GER, (yung'ger) a. camp. Not so old as another. 

YoUN'GEST, (yung'gest) a. superl. Having the least 
age. 

YoUNG'ISH, (yung'ish) a. Somewhat young Tatler. 

YoUNG'LING, (yung'ling)7i. [Sax. geongli'%g.] Anyanj 
mal in the first part of life. Dryden. 

t YoUNG'LY, a. Youthful, Oower. 

YoUNG'LY, (yung ly) adv. I, Early in life Shak. 2. Ig 
norantly ; weakly ; [little used,] 

YoUNG'STER, (yung'ster) 7i. A young person ; a lad ; a 
colloquial word. Shak. 

t Y6UNGTH, for youth. Spenser. 

YoUNK'ER, n. Among seamen, a stripling in the service. 

YOtJR, (yure) a. pronom. [from you ,; Sax. eower ; G. euer.] 
1. Belonging to you. 2. It is used indefinitely. 3. Yours 
is used as a substitute for a noun in the nominative o' 
objective. 

YOuR-SELF'jproTi.jpZit. Yourselves, [your and self.] 1. A 
word added to you, to express distinction emphatically 
between you and other persons ; as, this work you must 
do yourself. 2. It is used as the reciprocal pronoun. 

YOuTH, (yuth) 71. [Sax. iuguth, iugoth, iogoth, geogath; 
G.juirevd; B.jougd.] 1. The part of life that succeeds 
to childhood. — In a general sense, youth denotes the whole 
early part of life, from infancy to manhood ; but it is not 
unusual to divide the stages of life into infancy, childhood, 
youth, and manhood. 2. A young man. 3. A young per- 
son, male or female. 4. Young persons collectively. 
YOuTH'FUL, a. 1. Young. 2. Pertaining to the early 
part of life. 3. Suitable to the first part of life. 4. Fresh , 
vigorous, as in youth. 
YOuTH'FUL-LY, adv. In a youthful manner. 
t YOuTH'iiOOD, n. The state of youth. Cheyne. 
fYOuTH'LY'a. Young; early in life. Spenser. 
JYOuTH'Y, a. Young, [Bad, and not used.] Spectator. 
Y-PlGHT', a. Fixed, that is, pitched. Spenser. 
YT'TRI-A, n. [so called from Ytterby, a qnaxvy in Sweden.j 

One of the earths. 
YT'TRI-OUS, a. Pertaining to yttria ; containing yttria. 



* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, tJ, Y, Zon^-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ,— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD;-^ f Obsolete. 



ZET 



933 



ZOO 



YT'TRI-UM, re. The base of yttria. 

YT'TRO-Ce'RITE, n. A mineral. 

YT'TRO-€OL'UM-BITE, n. A mineral containing yt- 
tria. 

YT'TRO-TAN'TA-i;.ITE, n. A mineral. 

YU€K, V. i. To itch. [Local.] Chose. 

YUFTS, n. Russia leather, prepared from ox-hides in a pe- 
culiar manner. Tooke. 



YUG, or YOG, n. In the mythology of India, an age ; one 
of the ages into which the Hindoos divide the duration or 
existence of the world. 

Yu'LAN, n. A beautiful flowering tree of China. 

YuLE, n. [Sax. iule, geohol, gehul, geol ; Arm. gouel, g<m- 
il.'l The name anciently given to Christmas. 

I YUX, re. A hiccough. 

t YUX, V. i. To hiccough. 



Zthe last letter of the English Alphabet, is a sibilant ar- 
j ticulation, and is merely a vocal S. It bears the same 
relation to s as « does to /. With us it has not a com- 
pound sound, nor is it a double consonant, as in the Ital- 
ian and German. It is as simple in its sound as S. _ 

As a numeral, Z stands for 2000, and, with a dash over it, Z, 
for 2,000,000. 

Za'BA-ISM. Sec Sabianism. 

ZAOeilO, re. The lowest part of the pedestal of a column 

ZAF'FER, re. The residuum of cobalt, after the sulphur, 
arsenic, and other volatile matters have been expelled. 

Za'NY, re. [It. zanni.] A merry-andrew ; a buffoon. 

Za'NY, v. t. To mimic. Beaumont. 

ZAP'OTE, re. In Mexico, the generic name of fruits which 
are roundish and contain a hard stone. 

ZAR'NI€H, re. The name of a genus of fossils. 

ZEA, re. The generic name of maize. 

ZeAL, re. [Gr. ^n^oi ; L. zelus.] Passionate ardor in the 
pursuit of any thing. 

tZEAL, V. i. To entertain zeal. Bacon. 

t ZeALED, a. Filled with zeal. Fuller. 

ZeAL'LESS, a. Wanting zeal. Hammond. 

* ZEAL'OT, (zel'ut) re. One who engages warmly in any 

cause, and pursues his object with earnestness and ardor ; 

one whose ardor is intemperate and censurable. 
ZEA-LOT'I-€AL, a. Ardently zealous. [L. u.] Strype. 
tZEAL'OT-RY, re. Behavior of a zealot. Bp. Taylor. 

* ZEAL'OUS, (zel'us) a. Warmly engaged or ardent in the 
pursuit of an object. Law. 

*ZEAL'OlJS-LVr, (zel'us-ly) adv. With passionate ardor ; 
with eagerness. Oal. iv 

* ZEAL'OUS-NESS, (zel'us-nes) n. The quality of being 
zealous ; zeal. 

Ze'BRA, re. An animal of the genus equus, beautifully 

marked with stripes ; a native of Africa. 
Zebu, re. A variety of the common ox, with a hump on 

th_e shoulders. 

* ZE'CHIN, re. A Venetian gold coin ; usually written se- 
qiiin, which see. 

ZED, re. A name of the letter Z. Shak. 

ZED'O-A-RY, re. A medicinal root, belonging to a plant 

growing in the East Indies. It is a warm stomachic. 
ZElNE, ». A substance of a yellowish color, soft, insipid 

and elastic, procured from Indian corn. 
ZE-MIN'DAR, re. In India, a feudatory or land-holder, who 

governs a district of country. 
ZEMINDARY, re. The jurisdiction of a zemindar. 
ZEND, re. A language that formerly prevailed in Persia. 
ZEND'A-VES-TA, re. Among the Persees, a sacred book 

ascribed to Zoroaster, and reverenced as a bible, or sole 

rule of faith and practice. It is often called Zend, by 

contraction. 

* Ze'NITH, re. [Fr. ; It. lenit ; Sp. zenit, or cenit.] That 
point in the visible celestial hemisphere, which is vertical 
to the spectator, and from which a direct perpendicular 
line, passing through the spectator, and extended, would 
proceed to the centre of the earth. It is opposed to nadir. 

Zk'O-LITE, re. [Gr. ^eo), to boil.] A mineral. 

ZE-0-LIT'I€, a. Pertaining to zeolite. 

ZE-O-LIT'I-FORM, a. Having the form of zeolite. 

ZEPH'YR, re. [L. zephyrus ; Gr. ^e(pvpos.] The west wind; 
and, poetically, any soft, mild, gentle breeze. 

ZER'DA, re. An animal of the canine genus. 

Zk'RO, re. [It.] Cipher; nothing. The point of a ther- 
mometer from which it is graduated 

ZEST, re. [Pers.] 1. A piece of orange or lemon-peel, used 
to give flavor to liquor ; or the fine thin oil that spurts out 
of it when squeezed; also, the woody, thick skin quar- 
tering the kernel of a walnut. 2. Relish ; something that 
gives a pleasant taste ; or the taste itself. • ^ 

ZEST, V. t. 1. To give a relish or flavor to; to heighten 
taste or relish. 2. To cut the peel of an orange or lemon 
from top to bottom into thin slips ; or to squeeze the peel 
over the surface of any thing. 

Ze'TA, re. 1. A Greek letter. 2. A little closet or cham- 
ber, with pipes running along the walls, to convey into it 
fresh air, or warm vapor from below. 



ZE-TET'I€, a. [Gr. ^tjTeu).] That seeks ; that proceeds by 
inquiry. The zetetic method, in mathematics , is that used 
in investigation. 

ZEuG'MA, re. [Gr. ^evyfta.} A figure in grammar, by 
which an adjective or verb which agrees with a nearer 
word, is, by way of supplement, referred to another more 
remote. 

ZIB'ET, re. An animal of the genus viverra. Cyc. 

ZIG'ZAG, a. Having short turns. 

ZIG'ZAG, re. Something that has short turns or angles. 

ZIG'ZAG, V. t. To form with short turns. 

ZIMENT WA'TER, or COP'PER WA'TER, is a name 
given to water found in copper mines ; water impregna- 
ted with copper. 

ZIM'OME, ; re. [Gr. ^i;u»7.] One of the constituents of glu- 

ZYM'OME, \ ten. Vre. ' 

ZINC, ) re. [G,, Sw., Dan. zink. The latter orthography, 

ZIJVK, \ link, is the more correct.] A metal of a brilliant 
white color, with a shade of blue. 

ZIN-KIF'ER-OUS, a. [zink, and L. /ero.] Producing 
zink. 

ZINK'Y, a. Pertaining to zink, or having its appearance. 

ZiR'GON, re. Called also jar^oreo/ Ceylon, a mineral origin- 
ally found in Ceylon, in the sands of rivers. 

ZIR-€o'NI-A, re. A peculiar earth obtained from the gem 
zircon ; a fine, vvliite powder Cyc. 

ZiR'CO-NITE, re. A variety of the zircon. 

ZIR-€o'NI-UM, re. The metallic basis of zirconia. 

ZIV'O-LO, re. A bird resembling the yellow-hammer 

ZIZ'EL, n. The suslik or earless marmot. Cuvier. 

Z0€'€0, ZO'CLE, or ZOC^GO-LO, re. [It. zoccolo ; from 
L. soccus.] A square body under the base of a pedestal 
&c., serving for the support of a bust, statue or column. 

ZO'DI-AC, re. [Fr. zodiaquc ; It., Sp. zodiaco ; L. lodiacus.'] 

1. A broad circle in the heavens, containing the twelve 
signs through which tlie sun passes in its annual course 

2. A girdle. 

ZO-Dl'A-€AL, a. Pertaining to the zodiac. — Zodiacal light^ 
a luminous track or space in the heavens, resembling thalf 
of the milky -way. 

ZOIS'ITE, re. [from Kan Zois.] A mineral. 

ZONE, re. [L. zona ; Gr. ^wv??.] 1. A girdle. Dryden.—2 
In geography, a division of the earth, with respect to tho 
temperature of different latitudes. 3. Circuit; circumfer- 
ence. 

Zoned, «. Wearing a zone. Pope. 

ZoNE'LESS, a. Not having a zone. Cowper. 

ZON'NAR, re. A belt or girdle, which the Christians and 
Jews in the Levant are obliged to wear, to distinguish 
them from the Mohammedans. 

ZO-OG'RA-PHER, re. One who describes animals, their 
forms and habits. 

ZO-O-GRAPH'I-CAL, a. Pertaining to the description of 
animals. 

ZO-OG'RA-PHY, 71. [Gr. ^wov and ypa<p(i}.] A description 
of animals, their forms and habits. 

Zo'0-LITE, re. [Gr. ^^joov and \i6os.] An animal substance, 
petrifieu or fossil. Mm-in. 

ZO-0-LOG'I-CAL, a. Pertaining to zoology. 

ZO-0-LOG'I-€AL-LY, adv. According to the principles of 
zoology. Laivrence. 

ZO-OL'0-GIST, re. One who is well versed in the natural 
history of animals, or who describes animals. 

Z0-0L'0-6Y, re. [Gr. ^wov and Aoyoj.] A treatise on ani- 
mals, or the science of animals ; that branch of natural 
history which respects the forms, classification, history 
and habits of animals. 

ZO-ON'I€, a. [Gr. |wov.] Pertaining to animals. 

ZO-ON'O-MY, re. [Gr. ^wov and vo//off.] The laws of ani- 
mal life, or the science which treats of the phenomena of 
animal life, their causes and relations. 

Zo'0-PHlTE. See Zoophyte. 

Z0-OPfi'O-RI€, a. [Gr. ^wov and d>op£w.] The zoophoric 
column is one which sui)ports the figure of an animal. 

ZO-OPH'O-RUS, re. In ancient architecture, the same with 
the frieze in modern architecture ; a part between the ar 



♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BlLILTi. UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 



ZUM 



mo 



ZYG 



.'.hitravR and corrice : so called from the figures of animals 
carved upon it. 

Zo'0-PH"5TE, n. [Gr. ^o) ov and fvTov.] In natural history, 
a body supposed to partake of the nature both of an ani- 
mal and a vegetable, such as madrepores. 

Zo-<)-PHY-TO-LOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to zoophytology. 

Zo-0-PHY-T0L'()-6Y, n. [zoophyte, and Gr. Aoyoj.] The 
natural history of zoophytes. Ed. Encyc. 

ZO-OT'0-MIST, n. One who dissects the bodies of brute 
animals ; a comparative anatomist. 

ZO-OT'0-MY, n. [Gr. ^mov and rcjuvw.J Anatomy; partic- 
ularly, the dissecting of bodies of beasts or brute animals ; 
comparative anatomy. 

ZOR'IL, n. A fetid animal of the weasel kind. 

ZUF'FO-LO, n. [It. zufolo.] A little flute or flageolet, 
especially that which is used to teach birds. 

ZtJ'MATE, n. A combination of the zumic acid and a sali- 
fiable base. Ure. 



Zu'Mie, a. [Gr. i^u/i??, ferment.] The zumic acid is procuf 
ed from many acescent vegetable substances. Ure. 

ZU-M0-L06'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to zumology. 

ZU-MOL'0-GIST, n. One who is skilled in the fermentation 
of liquors. 

ZU-MOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. ^vyni and \oyog.'] A treatise on the 
fermentation of liquors, or the doctrine of fermentation. 

ZU-MO-SIM'E-TER, n. [Gr. ^vjxwcng and //erpEw.] An in- 
strument proposed by Swammerdam for ascertaining the 
degree of fermentation occasioned by the mixture of dif- 
ferent liquids, and the degree of heat which they acquire 
in fermentation. 

ZUR'LITE, n. A Vesuvian mineral. 

ZYG-0-DA€'TY-LOUS, a. [Gr. ^tyow and oaKruXos.] 
Having the toes disposed in pairs. 

ZYG-0-MAl''I€, a. [Gr. ^svyiia.] Pertaining to a bone of 
the head, called also os jugale, or cheek-bone, or to the 
bony arch under which the temporal muscle 



APPENDIX. 



A-BAN-DON-EE', n. One to whom any thing is abandoned, 
in law. [tiful. See Esthetic. 

^S-THET'ie, a. Pertaining to the perception of the beau- 
iES-THET'I€S, n. [Gr. aiaerivis.] The science which 
treats of the beautiful. See Esthetics, [praise or dispraise. 
AG-NO'MEN, n. A name given to a person by way of 
AR-TILL'ER-Y-MAN, n. One who serves the artillery in 

war. 
AS'TRALL-AMP, n. A lamp surrounded with a semi-trans- 
parent shade. [mythology. 
AV-A-TAR', 71. The incarnation of the Deity, in the Hmduo 

BAR'ET, n. A cardinal's cap. 

BAR'0-NET-CY, n. The condition or rank of a baronet. 
BAT'TLE-MENT-ED, a. Having battlements. [guard. 

BLA€K'GUARD-ISM, n. The state or conduct of a black- 
BLAGK'STRAP, n. A coarse liquor drank by the vulgar. 
BLUFF'Y, a. Abounding in bluffs or bold points of coast. 
BOOT'-JAGK, n. A machine for drawing off boots, [men. 
B0X'-€6AT, n. An overcoat or surtout used first by coach- 
BUG'GY, n. A small carriage without a top. 
BUNG'A-L5W, n. A kind of boat used in Hindostan. 

€AL'LIS-THEN-I€, a. Pertaining to callisthenics. 

€AL'LIS-THEN-I€S, n. [Gr. KaWog and aOevog.] Exer- 
cises designed to promote grace of movement and strength 

CA-PoTE', V. An outer garment worn in the East, [of body. 

€ART'-WHIP, n. A large whip used in driving animals in 
carts. 

CHIV'AL-Rie, a. Partaking of the character of chivalry. 

eOM-MIT'TAL, 71. The act of committing or state of being 
committed to custody. Lord Eldon. 

€ON'STI-TU-TED AU-THOR'I-TIES, n. The magistrates 
or governors of a people. H. More. 

€ON-TRIB'U-TA-BLE, a. That can be contributed. 

eON-TRO-VER'SIALr-LY, adv. In a controversial manner. 

€ON-VER-Sa'TION-AL, a. Belonging to conversation. 

€0UN-TER-A€'TIVE, a. Having the quality of counter- 
acting, [or rocks. 

€RAGS'MAN, n. One who is accustomed to traverse crags 

eRc^U'Ff-ER, 71. One who sits at the foot of a table. 

CYN'I-CISM, 71. Austerity; churlish severity of temper. 

DoNK'EY, 71. An ass used for the saddle. 
DoOR'-WAY, 71. The passage of a door. [trovi^sers. 

DRILL'ING, 71. A coarse linen or cotton cloth used for 
D"2E, 71. Color ; tinge. 

EF-FEN'DI, 71. A Turkish ofiicer of hi^h rank. 
EM'BOU-CHURE, ti. The mouth of a river. [subject. 

EX-PO-SE', (ex-po-za') ti. An exhibition or statement of a 

FEtJ'DAL-IZE, V. t. To reduce to a feudal state. 
FO'RAY, 71. An irregular and sudden excursion in border 
FRoN'TAL, a. Belonging to the forehead. [warfare. 

GRAIS'INGS, 71. Pastures. 

GROINED (arch), a. Having an angular curve made by 
the intersection of two semi-cylinders or arches^ 

HEEL' -TAP, 71. A small piece of leather for the heel of a 
boot or shoe. . , , , . 

HOOK' AH, 71. A Turkish pipe, in which the smoke is made 
to 'pass through water, for the sake of being cooled. 

HUM'BUG, V. t. To deceive for the purpose of ridicule. 

[A low word.\ 

'■ [images. 

I-eON 0-€LASM, 7t. The act of breaking or destroying 



IM-PEL'LENT, a. Having the quality of impelling. 
IN-DiCT-EE',(in-dlte-e') n. A person whois indicted. 
IN-EX-PLIC'IT, a. Not explicit or clear in statement. 
IR'ON-BOUND, a. 1. Bound with iron. 2. Ragged ; rocky; 

as, an iron-bound coast. 
IR'ON-FOUN^D-ER, 7i. One who makes iron castings. 
IR'ON-FOUND-ER-Y, 71. The place where iron castings 

are made. 
IS-O-La'TION, 71. The state of being insulated or alone. 

LAM'MAR-GEER, 71. The Alpine vulture. 
LAND'AM-MAR, 7i. The chief magistrate of some of the 
LAND'OWN-ER, ti. One who owns land. [Swiss cantons. 

MAN'U-AL EX'ER-CISE, ti. The exercise of soldiers with 
MAR'KET-A-BLE, a. Fit for market or sale, [their arms 
MILL'-WRlGHT, 7i. One who constructs mills. 
MOON'SHEE, 71. An interpreter in Hindostan. 
MO-RAL'I-TY, 71. A kind of old play. 
MULE, 71. An instrument for spinning. 
MULE'-SPIN-NER, 71. One who spins on a mule. 
MYS'TER-Y, 71. A kind of old play. 

Pa'LIMP-SEST, 71. A kind of manuscript which has been 

written over a second time. 
PAN'DOOR, 71. A kind of soldier. 
PAN-0-RAM'I€, a. Belonging to or like a panorama. 
PAR'0-DIST, n. une who makes parodies. 
PkAK'ED, a. Pointed ; angular. 
PLa'TEAU, (plato) 71. A broad, flat space 
POO'DLE, v. a kind of small dog. 
PoST'-BILL, 71. A bill or return made up at the post-office 

RAD'I-€AL, 71. One who would carry changes in govern- 
ment to their extremest limit. 

RAD'I-€AL-ISM, 71. The spirit of a radical. 

RaIL-RoAD, 71. A road constructed with two iron bars or 
rails for the wheels of carriages, in order to diminish fric 
tion. 

RaIL-WAY, 71. A way consisting of two iron bars for the 
wheels of carriages, to diminish friction. 

RE-DEMP'TIVE, a. Pertaining to redemption. 

RE-FlN'ING, n. The act of using too much refinement or 

RE-FIT'MENT, 71. Fitting out a second time. [subtlety. 

RE-FOR'MA-TO-RY, a. Having a tendency to produce 
reformation. 

SENS'D-AIi-ISM, Tt. A state of subjection to sensual feel- 
ing and appetite. [of book-binding. 
SKl'VERS, 71. Sheepskins split or divided for the purpose 
SHIN'GLY, a. Abounding with gravel or shingle. 
SILT, V. i. To choke with mud. 
Su'TURED, a. Knit or united together 

TIL'BU-RY, V. A kind of gig or two-wheeled carriage 

without a top. 
ToW'-BoAT, 71. A boat which is drawn or towed. 
TRAP'PER, n. One whose occupation it is to entrap wild 

animals. United States. 

VAN, 71. A large covered carriage for the transportation of 

goods England. [cellence of voice 

VO'€AL-IST, 71. A public singer, distinguished for ex- 

WaY'-BILL, 71. A list of the passengers in a stage-coach 
Weird, n. a spell. [United States 

WELL-AP-POINT'ED, a. Thoroughly equipped or pre 
vided ; as, a well-appointed axiny. 



A KEY 



TO THE 



CLASSICAL PRONUNCIATION 



OP 



GREEK, LATIN, AND SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES ; 



IN WHICH 



THE WORDS' ARE ACCENTED AND DIVIDED INTO SYLLABLES EXACTLY AS THEY OUGHT 

TO BE PRONOUNCED, ACCORDING TO RULES DRAWN FROM 

ANALOGY AND THE BEST USAGE. 



TERMINATtONAL VOCABULAL 



OP 



HEBREW, GREEK, AND LATIN PROPER N 



IN WHICH 



THE WORDS ARE ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THEIR FINAL SYLLABLES, AND CLASSED AOCX^ 
TO THEIR ACCENTS ; BY WHICH THE GENERAL ANALOGY OP PRONUNCIATION 
MAY BE SEEN AT ONE VIEW, AND THE ACCENTUATION OF 
EACH WORD MORE EASILY REMEMBERED. 



BY JOHN WALKER, 

AUTHOR OF THE CRITICAL PRONOUNCING DICTIONARl 



NEW YORK : 

PUBLISHED BY N. AND J. WHITE. 



STEREOTYPED AT THE BOSTON TYPE AND STEREQTYI'li FOUNDRY. 
1838. 



PREFACE. 



THE Critical Pronouncing Dictionary of the English Lan- 
guage naturally suggested an idea of the present work. Proper 
names from the Greek and Latin form bo considerable a part 
of every cultivated living language, that a Dictionary seems 
to be imperfect without tliem. Polite scholars, indeed, are 
seldom at a loss for the pronunciation of words they so fre- 
9'iently meet with in the learned languages ; but there are 
great numbers of respectable English scholars, who, having 
only a tincture of classical learning, are much at a loss for a 
knowledge of this part of it. It is not only the learned profes- 
sions that require this knowledge, but almost every one above 
the merely mechanical. The professors of painting, statuary, 
and music, and those who admire their works ; readers of 
history, politics, poetry ; all who converse on subjects ever 
so little above the vulgar, have so frequent occasion to pro- 
nounce these proper names, that whatever tends to render this 
pronunciation easy must necessarily be acceptable to the 
public. 

The proper names in Scripture have still a higher claim to 
our attention. That every thing contained in that precious 



repository of divine truth ehonld be rendered as easy as possi- 
ble to the reader, cannot be doubted : and the very frequent 
occasions of pronouncing Scripture proper names, in a country 
where reading the Scripture makes part of the religious wor- 
ship, seem to demand some work on this subject more perfect 
than any we have hitherto seen. 

I could have wished it had been undertaken by a person of 
more learning and leisure than myself ; but we often wait in 
vain for works of this kind, from those learned bodies which 
ought to produce them, and at last are obliged, for the best 
we can get, to the labours of some necessitous individual. 
Being long engaged in the instruction of youth, I felt the want 
of a work of this kind, and have supplied it in the best manner 
I am able. If 1 have been happy enough to be useful, or only 
so far useful as to induce some abler hand to undertake the 
subject, I shall think my labor amply rewarded. 1 shall 
still console myself with reflecting, that he who has produced 
a prior work, however inferior to those that succeed it, is 
under a very different predicament from him who produces an 
after-work, inferior to those that have gone before. 



ADVERTISEMENT 

TO THE SECOND EDITION 



THE favorabi.9 reception of the first edition of this work 
Bas induced me to attempt to make it still more worthy of 
the acceptance of the public, by the addition of several critical 
observations, and particularly by two Terminalional Vocab- 
ularies, of Greek and Latin, and Scripture Proper Names. 
That so much labor should be bestowed upon an inverted 
arrangement of these words, when they had already been 
given in their common alphabetical order, may be matter of 
wonder to many persons, who will naturally inquire into the 
utility of such an arrangement. To these it may be answered, 
that the words of all languages seem more related to each 
other by their terminations than by their beginnings j that the 



Greek and Latin languages seem more partieularly to be thus 
related ; and classing them according to their endings seemed 
to exhibit a new view of these languages, both curious and 
useful . for, as their accent and quantity depend so much on 
their termination, such an arrangement appeared to give an 
easier and more comprehensive idea of their pronunciation 
than the common classification by their initial syllables. 
This end was so aesirabie as to induce rne to spare no painb. 
however dry and disgusting, to promote it ; and, if the method 
I have taken has failed, my labor will not be entirely lost, 
if it convince fut.i>« prosodists that it is not anwortby of their 
attention. 



CONTENTS OF THE INTRODUCTION, 



TBE pronunciation of Greek and Latin not so difficult 
as that of our own language, Page 945 

The ancient pronunciation of Greek and Latin a subject 
of great controversy among the learned, .... 945 

The English, howevep faulty in their pronunciation of 
Greek and Latin, pronounce them, like other European 
nations,according to the analogy oftheir own language, 945 

Sufficient vestiges remain to prove that the foreign pro- 
nunciation of the Greek and Latin letters is nearer to 
the ancient than the English— (Note) 945 

The English pronimciation of Greek and Latin injuri- 
ous to 'juantity, . 945 



No sufficient reason for altering the present pronuncia- 
tion on these accounts, Page 94t 

Rule for accenting Latin words, ... . . 94§ 

Rule for accenting Greek proper names, . 946 

Probable conjecture why the terminations tia ana Uo in 
Greek appellatives have not the same socnd as in 

Latin— (Note) .... 94f 

Importance of settling the English quantity with 
which we pronounce Greek and Latin proper 
names, and particularly that of the unaccented 
syllables, .94". 



INTRODUCTION. 



The pronunciation of the learned languages is much more 
easily acquired than that of our own. Whatever might have 
been the Variety of the different dialects among the Greeks, 
and the different provinces of the Romans, their languages, 
now being dead, are generally pronounced according to the 
respective analogies of the several languages of Europe, where 
those languages are cultivated, without partaking of those 
anomalies to which the living languages are liable. 

Whethei one general, uniform pronunciation of the ancient 
languages be an object of sufficient importance to induce the 
learned to depart from the analogy of their own language, 
and to study +he ancient Latin and Greek pronunciation, as 
they do the etymology, syntax and prosody of those lan- 
guages, is a question not very easy to be decided. The ques- 
tion becomes still more difficult when we consider the uncer- 
tainty we are in sespecting the ancient pronunciation of the 
Greeks and Romans, and how much the learned are divided 
among themselves about it.* Till these points are settled, 
the English may well be allowed to follow their own pronun- 
ciation of Greek and Latin, as well as other nations, even 
though it should be confessed that it seems to depart more 
from" what we can gather of the ancient pronunciation, than 
either the Italian, French or German. f For why the English 
should pay a compliment to the learned languages, which ,is 
not done by any other nation in Europe, ii is not easy to con- 
ceive ; and as the colloquial communication of learned indi- 
viduals of different nations so seldom happens, and is an ob- 
ject of so small importance when it does happen, it is not 
much to be regretted that when they meet they are scarce- 
ly intelligible to each other.J 

* Middleton contends that the initial c before e and i ought 
to be pronounced as the Italians now pronounce it ; and that 
Cicero is neither Sisero, as the French and English pronounce 
it ; nor Kikero, as Dr. Bentley asserts ; but Tchitchero, as the 
Italians pronounce it at this day. This pronunciation, how- 
ever, is derided by Lipsius, who affirms that the c among the 
Romans had always the sound of k. Lipsius says, too, that, of 
all the European nations, the British alone pronounce the i 
properly ; but Middleton asserts, that of all nations they pro- 
nounce it the worst. Middleton De Lat. Liter. Pronun. Dissert. 

Lipsius, speaking of the different pronunciation of the letter 
G in different countries, says, 

Nos hodie (de litera O loquente) quim peccamus ? Italo- 
rum enim plerique ut Z exprimunt, Galli et Belgee ut Jcon- 
sonantem. Itaque illorum est Lezere, Fuzere ; nostrum, Leiere, 
Fuiere,{Lejere, Fujere). Omnia imperite, inepte. Germanos 
saltem audite, quorum sonus hie germanus, Legere, Tegere ,- 
ut in Lego, Tego, nee unquam variant : at nos ante /, E, ^, 
Y, semper dici°musque Jemmam, Jcetulos, Jinjivam, Jyrv,m ; 
pro istis, Gemmam, Gcetulos, Gingivam, Gyrum. Mutemus 
aut vapulemus. — Lipsius. De Rect. Pron. Ling. Lat. page 7L 

Hmc factum est ut tanta in pronunciando varietas extiteret 
ut pauci inter se in literarum sonis consentiant. Q,uod qui- 
dem mirum non esset, si indocti tantum a doctis in eo, ac non 
ipsi etiam alioqui eruditi inter se magna contentione disside- 
rent. — Adolp. Meker. De Lin. Grec. vet. Pronun. cap. ii. 
page 15. 

I Monsieur Launcelot, the learned author of the Port-Royal 
Greek Grammar, in order to convey the sound of the long 
Greek vowel rj, tells us, it is a sound between the e and the a, 
and that Eustathius, who lived towards the close of the 
twelfth century, says, that (Sfj, (ir}, is a sound made in imi- 
tation of the bleating of a sheep ; and quotes to this purpose 
this verse of an ancient writer called Cratinus ; 

' O 6' h'^^iStos wanep npajSarov, jSi?, (irj, Xiywv 0a5i^ei. 
Is fatuus perinde ac ovis, be, be, dicens, incedit. 
He, like a silly sheep, goes crying baa. 

Caninius has remarked the same, Hellen. p. 26. E longum. 



cujus sonus in ovium 



balatu sentitur, ut Cratinus et Varro tra- 



diderunt. The sound of the e long may be perceived in the bleatr 
in''- of sheep, as Cratinus and Varro have handed down to us. 
Eustathius likewise remarks upon the 499 v. of Iliad I. that 
the word BAdt// hriv b nn KXe^^^paj I'jxos ixiixtjtlkws^ Kara 
Ttig naXaim ; jirj Ix^i ^i\).r]<^iv Trpo^dr-j)V <pujvrjs- "Kparivos. 
BXot^ est Clepsydrae sonus, ex imitationB secundum veteres ; 
et i3rj imitatur vocem ovium. Blops, according to the an- 
cients, is a sound in imitation of the Clepsydra, as baa is ex- 
pwsiive of the voice of sheep. It were to be wished that 



But the English are accused not only of departing from the 
genuine sound of the Greek and Latin vowels, but of vio- 
lating the quantity of these languages more than tlie people 
of any other nation in Europe. The author of the Essay 
upon the Harmony of Language gives us a detail of the par- 
ticulars by which this accusation is proved : and this is so 
true a picture of the English pronunciation of Latin, that I 
shall quote it at length, as it may be of use to those who 
are obliged to learn this language without the aid of a 
teacher. 

" The falsification of the harmony by English scholars in 
their pronunciation of Latin, with regard to essential points, 
arises from two causes only : first, from a total inattention to 
the length of vowel sounds, making them long or short merely 
as chance directs } and, secondly, from sounding double con- 
sonants as only one letter. The remedy of this last fault is 
obvious. With regard to the first, we have already observed, 
that each of our vowels hath its general long sound and its 
general short sound totally different. Thus the short sound 
of e lengthened is expressed by the letter a, and the short 
sound of i lengthened is expressed by the letter e .- and with 
all these anomalies usual in the application of vowel charac- 
ters to the vowel sounds of our own language, we proceed 
to the application of vowel sounds to the vowel characters 
of the Latin. Thus, in the first syllable of sidus and nomen, 
which ought to be long, and of miser and onus, which ought 
to be short, we equally use the common long sound of the 
vowels ; but in the oblique cases, sideiis, nominis, raiseri, one- 
ris, &c., we use quite another sound, and that a short one. 
These strange anomalies are not in common to us with our 



the sound of every Greek vowel had been conveyed to us by 
as faithful a testimony as the jjTa ; we should certainly havts 
had a better idea of that harmony for which the Greek lan- 
guage was so famous, and in which respect duintilian can- 
didly yields it the preference to the Latin. 

Aristophanes has handed down to us the pronunciation of 
the Greek diphthong av av, by making it expressive of the 
barking of a dog. This pronunciation is exactly like that 
preserved by nurses and children among us to this day in 
bow wow. This is the sound of the same letters in the Latin 
tongue ; not only in proper names derived from Greek, but in 
every other word where this diphthong occurs. Most nations 
in Europe, perhaps all but the English, pronounce audio and 
laudo, as if written owdio and lowdo ; the diphthong sound- 
ing like ou in loud. Agreeably to this rule, it is prrjsamod 
that we formerly pronounced the apostle Paul nearer the origin 
nal than at present. In Henry the Eighth's time it was writ- 
ten St. Poule's, and sermons were preached at Poule^s Cross, 
The vulgar, generally the last to alter, either for the bettor 
or worse, still have a jingling proverb with this pronuncia- 
tion, when they say, As old as Ponies. 

The sound of the letter u is no less sincerely preserved in 
Plautus, in Menaech. page 622, edit. Lambin, in making use 
of it to imitate the cry of an owl — 

" MEN. Egon' dedi? PEN. Tu, Tu, Istic, inquam, vin' affer- 
ri noctuam, 

duae tu, tu, usque dicat tibi .' nam nos jam nos defessi su- 
mus." 

"It appears here," says Mr. Forster, in his defence of the 
Greek accents, page 129, " that an owl's cry was tu, tu, to a 
Roman ear, as it is too, too, to an English." Lambin, who 
was a Frenchman, observes on the passage, " Alludit ad noc- 
tuae vocem seu cantum, tu, tu, seu tou, tou.'" He here alludes 
to the voice or noise of an owl. It may be farther observed 
that the English have totally departed from this sound of the 
u in their own language, as well as in their pronunciation of 
Latin. 

% Erasmus se adfuisse dim commemorat cum die quortam 
solenni complures principum legati ad Maximilianum Impera- 
torem salutandi causal advenissent ; Singulosque Galium, Ger- 
manum, Danum, Scotum, &c. orationem Latinam, ita bar- 
bare ac vaste pronunciasse, ut Italis quibusdam, nihil nisi 
risum moverint, qui eos non Latine sed sua quemque lingua, 
locutos jurassent —Middleton, De Lat. Lit. Pronun. 

The love of the marvellous prevails over truth : and I ques 
tion if the greatest diversity in the pronunciation of Latin ex 
ceeds that of English at the capital and in some of the coun 
ties of Scotland, and yet the inhabitants of both have no great 
difficulty in understanding each other. 



946 



INTRODUCTION. 



southern neighbours, the French, Spaniards and Italians. 
They pronounce sid^is, according to our orthography, seedus, 
and in the oblique cases preserve the same long sound of the i .- 
nomen they pronounce as we do, and preserve in the oblique 
cases the same long sound of the o. The Italians also, in their 
own language, pronounce doubled consonants as distinctly as 
the two most discordant mutes of their alphabet. Whatever, 
therefore, they may want of expressing the true harmony of 
the Latin language, they certainly avoid the most glaring and 
absurd faults in our manner of pronouncing it. 

" It is a matter of curiosity to observe with what regularity 
we use these solecisms in the pronunciation of Latin. When 
the penultimate is accented, its vowel, if followed but by a 
single consonant, is always long, as in Dr. Forster's examples. 
When the antepenultimate is accented, its vowel is, without 
any regard to the requisite quantity, pronounced short, as in 
7nirdbile, frigidus ; except the vowel of the penultimate be fol- 
lowed by a vowel, and then the vowel of the antepenultimate 
is with as little regard to true quantity pronounced long, as in 
maneo, redeat, odium, imperium. Cluantity is, however, vitiated 
to make i short even in this case, as in oblivio, vinea, virium. 
The only difference we make in pronunciation betv/een vinea 
and venia is, that to the vowel of the first syllable of the former, 
which ought to be long, we give a short sound 5 to that of the 
latter, which ought to be short, we give the same sound, but 
lengthened. U accented is always, before a single consonant, 
pronounced long, as in humerus, fugiens. Before two conso- 
nants no vowel sound is ever made long, except that of the 
diphthong au ; so that, whenever a doubled consonant occurs, 
the preceding syllable is short.* Unaccented vowels we treat 
with no more ceremony in Latin than in our own language." 
EiTiay upon the Harmony of Language, page 224. Printed for 
Robson, 1774. 

This, it must be owned, is a very just state of the case ; but 
though the Latm quantity is thus violated, it is not, as this 
writer observes in the first part of the quotation, merely as 
r.hance directs, but, as he afterwards observes, regularly, and, 
he might have added, according to the analogy of English pro- 
nunciation, which, it may be observed, has a genius of its 
own ; and which, if not so well adapted to the pronunciation 
of Greek and Latin as some other modern languages, has as 
fixed and settled rules for pronouncing them as any other. 

The learned and ingenious author next proceeds to show the 
advantages of pronouncing our vowels so as to express the 
Latin quantity. " We have reason to suppose," says he, 
" that our usual accentuation of Latin, however it may want 
of many elegancies ia the pronunciation of the Augustan age, 
is yet sufficiently just to give with tolerable accuracy that 
part of the general harmony of the language of which accent is 
the efficient. We have also pretty full information from the 
poets what syllables ought to have a long, and what a short 
quantity. To preserve, then, in our pronunciation, the true 
harmony of the language, we have only to take care to give 
the vowels a long sound or a short sound, as the quantity may 
require ; and, when doubled consonants occur, to pronounce 
each distinctly." Ibid, page 228. f 

In answer to this plea for alteration, it may be observed, 
that if this mode of pronouncing Latin be that of foreign na- 
tions, and were really so superior to our own, we certainly 



* This corruption of the true quantity is not, however, pecu- 
liar to the English ; for Beza complains in his country: Hinc 
enim fit ut in Greeca oratione vel nullum, vel prorsus corrup- 
tum numerum intelligas, dum multae breves producuntur, et 
contra plunmsB longee corripiuntur. Beza de Germ. Fron. 
GrsecJE Linguae, p. 50. 

I By what this learned author has observed of our vicious 
pronunciation of the vowels, by the long and short sound of 
them, and from the instances he has given, he must mean that 
length and shortness which arises from extending and contract- 
ing them, independently of the obstruction which two conso- 
nants are supposed to occasion in forming the long quantity. 
Thus we are to pronounce manus as if written and divided 
into man-nus ,- and pannus as if written pay-nus, or as Ave 
always hear the word paiiis (bread) ; for in this sound of pan- 
nus there seemE to be no necessity for pronouncing the two 
consonants distinctly or separately, which he seems to mean 
by distinctly, because the quantity is shown by the long sound 
of the vowel : but if by distinctly he means separately, that is, 
as if what is called in French the scheva or mute e were to fol- 
low the first consonant, this could not be done without adding 
a syllable to the word ; and the word pannus would in that 
case certainly have three syllables, as if written pan-eh-nus. 

\ That is, in the general pronunciation of Greek ; for, let 
the written accent be placed where it will, the quantitative 
accent, as it may be called, follows the analogy of the Latin. 

§"The Greek language," says the learned critic, "was 
happy in not being understood by the Goths, who would as 
certainly have cor^-upted the t in aMa, oiriov, &,c. into 
aiaia, loaiov, &.C. as they did the Latin " motio and doceo 
into mosnio and dosheo.''* This, however, may be questioned; 
for if in Latin words this impure sound of « take place only in 

» Ainsworth on the letter T. 



must percei%'e it in the pronunciation of foreigners, when we 
visit them, or they us : but I think I may appeal to the expe- 
rience of every one who has had an opportunity of making the 
experiment, that, so far from the superiority being on the side 
of the foreign pronunciation, it seems much inferior to our 
own. I am aware of the power of habit, and of its being able, 
071 many occasions, to make the worse appear the better reason 
but if the harmony of the Latin language depended so much 
on a preservation of the quantity as many pretend, this har- 
mony would surely overcome the bias we have to our own 
pronunciation ; especially if our own were really so destructive 
of harmony as it is said to be. Till, therefore, we have a 
more accurate idea of the nature of quantity, and of that beauty 
and harmony of which it is said to be the efficient in the pro 
nunciation of Latin, we ought to preserve a pronunciation 
which has naturally sprung up in our own soil, and is congenial 
to our native language. Besides, an alteration of this kind 
would be attended with so much dispute and imcertainty as 
must make it highly impolitic to attempt it. 

The analogy, then, of our own language being the rule for 
pronouncing the learned languages, we shall have little occa- 
sion for any other directions for the pronunciation of the Greek 
and Latin proper names, than such as are given for the pro- 
nunciation of English words. The general rules are followed 
almost without exception. The first and most obvious power9 
of the letters are adopted, and there is scarcely any difficulty 
but in the position of the accent ; and this depends so much on 
the quantity of the vowels, that we need only inspect a dic- 
tionary to find the quantity of the penultimate vowel, and this 
determines the accent of all the Latin words ; and, it may be 
added, of almost all Greek words likewise. J Now, in our pro- 
nunciation of Latin words, whatever be the quantity of the 
first syllable in a word of two syllables, we always place the 
accent on it : but in words of more syllables, if the penulti- 
mate be long, we place the accent on that ; and if short we 
accent the antepenultimate. 

The Rules of the Latin Accentuation are comprised in a 
clear and concise manner by Sanctius within four hexameters : 

Accentum in se ipsa monosyllaba dictio ponit. 
Exacuit sedem dissyllabon omne priorem. 
Ex tribus, extollit primam penultima curta : 
Extollit seipsam quando est penultima longa. 

These rules I have endeavored to express in English verse : 
Each monosyllable has stress of course ; 
Words of two syllables the first enforce : 
A syllable that's long, and last but one. 
Must have the accent upon that or none ; 
But if this syllable be short, the stress 
Must on the last but two its force express. 

The only difference that seems to obtain between the pro- 
nunciation of the Greek and Latin languages, is that, in the 
Latin, ti and si, preceded by an accent, and followed by another 
vowel forming an improper diphthong, are pronounced as in 
English, like sh or zh, as natio, nation ; persuasio, persua^on, 
Sec; and that, in the Greek, the same letters retain their pure 
sound, as (pCXauria, ayvuicia, npo^ariov, k. t. A.$ This dif- 



those words where the accent is on the preceding vowel, as in 
natio, facio, &c.; but not when the accent follows the t, and is 
on the following vowel, as in satietas, societas, &c., why should 
we suppose any other mode of pronunciation would have been 
adopted by the Goths in their pronouncing the Greek ? Now 
no rule of pronunciation is more uniform in the Greek lan- 
guage than that which places an acute on the iota at the end 
of words, when this letter is succeeded by a long vowel ; and, 
consequently, if the accent be preserved upon the proper letter, 
it is impossible the preceding t and s should go into the sound 
of sh ; svhy, therefore, may we not suppose that the very fre- 
quent accentuation of the penultimate i before a final vowel 
preserved the preceding r from going into the sound of sh, as 
it was a difference of accentuation that occasioned this im- 
pure sound oft in the Latin language? for though i at the end 
of words, when followed by a long vowel, or a vowel once 
long and afterwards contracted, had always the accent on it 
in Greek, in Latin the accent was always on the preceding 
syllable in words of this termination ; and hence seems to have 
arisen the corruption of t in the Gothic pronunciation of the 
Latin language. 

It is highly probable, that in Lucian's time the Greek r, 
when followed by i and another vowel, had not assumed the 
sound of (7 ; for the Sigma would not have failed to accuse him 
of a usurpation of her powers, as he had done of her character ; 
and if we have preserved the r pure in this situation when we 
pronounce Greek, it is, perhaps, rather to be placed to the 
preserving power of the accented i in so great a number of 
words, than any adherence to the ancient rules of pronuncia- 
tion ; which invariably affirm that the consonants had but 
one sound ; unless we except the y before y, k, j^, | ; as ayye^ 
\og, ayKvpa, ay^icra, k. t. X. where the y is sounded like v : 
but this, says Henry Stephens, is an error of the copyists, who 
have a little extended the bottom of the v, and made a y of it ; 
for, says he, it is ridiculous to suppose that v was changed 
into y, and at the same time that y should be pronounced like v 



INTRODUCTION. 



947 



ference, however, with very few exceptions, does not extend 
to proper names ; which, coming to us tlirough, and being 
mingled with, the Latin, fall into the general rule. In the 
same manner, though in Greek it was an established maxim, 
that if the last syllable was long, the accent could scarcely be 
higher than the penultimate ; yet in our pronunciation of 
Greek, and particularly of proper names, the Latin analogy 
of the accent is adopted : and though the last syllable is long 
in Demosthenes, Aristophanes, Theramenes, and Deiphobe, 
yet, as the penultimate is short, the accent is placed on the an- 
tepenultimate, exactly as if they were Latin.* 

As these languages have been long dead, they admit of no 
new varieties of accent like the living languages. The com- 
mon accentuation of Greek and Latin may be seen in Lexicons 
and Graduses ; and where the ancients indulged a variety, and 
the moderns are divided in their opinions about the most clas- 
sical accentuation of words, it would be highly improper, in a 
work intended for general use, to enter into the thorny disputes 
of the learned ; and it may truly be said, in the rhyming adage. 



On the contrary, Pcaliger says, that where we find a v be- 
fore these letters, as avKvpa, it is an error of the copyists, who 
imagined they better expressed the pronunciation by this let- 
ter, which, as Vossius observes, should seem to demand some- 
thing particular and uncommon. 

It is reported of Scaliger, that when he was accosted by a 
Scotchman in Latin, he begged his pardon for not understand- 
ing him, as he had ne\er learned the Scotch language. If 
this were the case with the pronunciation of a Scotchman, 
which is so near that of the continent, what would he have 
said to the Latm pronunciation of an Englishman ? I take it, 
however, that t^a diversity is greatly exaggerated. 

* This . however, was contrary to the general practice of 



When doctors disagree, 
Disciples then are free. 

This, howevei has not been entirely neglected. Where 
there has been any considerable diversity of accentuation 
among our prosodists, I have consulted the best authorities, 
and have sometimes ventured to decide : though, as Labbe 
says, " Sed his do rebus, ut aliis multis, male doctiorum judi- 
cium expectare, quam meam in medium proferre senteniiam." 

But the most important object of the present work is settling 
the English quantity, (see Rules 20, 21, 22,) with which we 
pronounce Greek and Latin proper names, and the sounds of 
some of the consonants. These are points in a state of great 
uncertainty, and are to be settled, not so much by a deep 
knowledge of the dead languages, as by a thorough acquaint 
ance with the analogies and general usage of our own tongue. 
These must, in the nature of things, enter largely inio the 
pronunciation of a dead language ; and it is from an attention 
to these that the author hopes he has given to the public a 
work not entirely unworthy of tneir acceptance. 

the Romans ; for Victorinus in his Grammar says, Orceca 
nomina, si iisdem Uteris proferuntur, (Latine versa) Oraicos 
accentus habebunt: nam cumdicimus Thyas, J^Tais, acutum 
habebit posterior accentum ; et cum Themistio, Calypso, 
Theano, ultimam circumflecti videbimus, quod utrumque La- 
tinus sermo non patitur, nisi admodum raro. " If Greek nouns 
turned into Latin are pronounced with the same letters, they 
have the Greek accent : for when we say, Thyas, JVais, the 
latter syllable has the acute accent 5 and when we pronounce 
Themistio, Calypso, Theano, we see the last syllable is cir- 
curaflexed ; neither of which is ever seen in Latin words, or 
very rarely." — Servius Farster. Reply, page 31. Notes 32, 
bott. 



RULES 

FOR PRONOUNCING THE VOWELS OF 

GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



L EVERY Towel with the accent on it at the end of a 
syllable i» pronoiinced, as in English, with its first long open 
Bound : thus Ca'to,* Philome'la, Ori'on, Pho'cion, Lu'cifer, 
&c., have the accented vowels sounded exactly as in the English 
words pa'per, me'tre, spi'der, no'ble, tu'tor, &c. 

2. Every accented vowel not ending a syllable, but followed 
by a consonant, has the short sound as in English : thus 
Man'lius, Pen'theus, PuVdarus, Col'chis, Cur'tius, &.C., have 
the short sound of the accented vowels, as in maiVnei'^plen'ty, 
piin'ter, coVla?; cur'few, &c. 

3. Every final i, though unaccented, has the long open 
sound : thus the final i forming the genitive case, as in ma- 
gis'tri, or the plural number, as in De'cii, has the long open 
sound, as in vi'al ; and this sound we give to this vowel in this 
situation, because the Latin i final in genitives, plurals, and 
preterperfect tenses of verbs, is always long ; and consequent- 
ly, where the accented i is followed by i final, both are pro- 
nounced with the long diphthongal i, like the noun eye, as 

4. Every unaccented i, ending a syllable not final, as that in 
the second of Alcibiades, the Hernici, <fcc., is pronounced like 
c, as if written Mcebiades, the Herneci, &c. So the last syl- 
lable but one of the Fabii, the Horatii, the Curiatii, &c., is 
pronounced as if written Fa-be-i, Ho-ra-she-i, Cu-re-a-she-i ; 
and therefore, if the unaccented i and the diphthong m con- 
clude a word, they are both pronounced like e, as Harpyice, 
Har-py'e-e. 

5. The diphthongs cb and w, ending a syllable with the accent 
on it, are pronounced exactly like the long English e, as CcBsa?; 
(Eta, &c., as if written Cee'sar,E'ta,&cQ. ; and like the short 
c, when followed by a consonant in the same syllable, as 
Dcedalus, (Edipits, &c., pronounced as if written DeddaLus, 
Eddipus, &LC. The vowels ei are generally pronounced like 
long i.J — F*^'" ^he vowels eu in final syllables, see the word 
Idomeneds ; and for the ou in the same syllables, see the word 
Antinous, and similar words, in the Terminational Vocabu- 
lary. 

6. F is exactly under the same predicament as i. It is long 
when ending an accented syllable, as Cy'rus ; or when ending 
an unaccented syllable, if final, as JE'gy, ^'py, &:c. ; short 
when joined to a consonant, in the same syllable, as Lyc'idas ; 
and sometimes long and sometimes short, when ending an 
initial syllable not under the accent, as Ly-cur'gus, pronounc- 
ed with the first syllable like lie, a falsehood ; and Lysimachus, 
with the first syllable like the first of legion ; or nearly as if 
divided into Lys-im'a-chus, Sec. 

7. Ji, ending an unaccented syllable, has the same obscure 
sound as in the same situation in English words ; but it is a 
sound bordering on the Italian a, or the a in fa-ther, as Dia'- 
na, where the difierence betAveen the accented and unaccented 
a is 



8, E final, either with or without the preceding consonant, 
always forms a distinct syllable, as Penelope, Hippocrene, 
Evoe, Amphitrite, &c. When any Greek or Latin word is 
Anglicised into this termination, by cutting off" a syllable of 
the original, it becomes then an English word, and is pro- 



* The pronunciation of Cato, Plato, Cleopatra, Sec. has been 
but lately adopted. Q,uin, and all the old dramatic school, used 
to pronounce the a in these and similar words like the a in fa- 
ther. Mr. Garrick, with great good sense, as well as good taste, 
brought in the present pronunciation, and the propriety of it 
has made it now universal. 

I This is the true analogical pronunciation of this letter, 
when ending an accented syllable ; but a most disgraceful 
affectation of foreign pronunciation has exchanged this full 
diphthongal sound for the meagre, squeezed sound of the French 
and Italian i, not only in almost every word derived from those 
languages, but in many which are purely Latin, as FaiLstina, 
Messalina, &c. Nay, words from the Saxon have been equal- 
ly perverted, and we hear the i in Elfrida, Edwina, &;c. turn- 
ed into Elfreeda, Edweena, &c. It is true this is the sound the 
Romans gave to their i ; but the speakers here alluded to are 
perfectly innocent of this, and do not pronounce it in this man- 
ner for its antiquity, but its novelty. 

I See Elegeia, Hygeia, &c. in the TeriHinational Vocabu- 
lary of Creek and Latin Proper Names 



nounced according to our o^vn analogy: thus, Acidalius, 
altered to Acidale, has the final e sunk, and is a word of threo 
syllables only : Proserpine, from Proserpina, undergoes tha 
same alteration. Thebes and Athens, derived from the Greek 
Qr)^r] and AO/yv^, and the Latin Thebce and Atkenm, are per 
fectly Anglicised ; the former into a monosyllable, and the 
latter into a dissyllable : and the Greek Kctjtti and the Latin 
Creta have both sunk into the English nionosyllable Crete / 
Hecate, likewise, pronounced in three syllables when Latin 
and in the same number in the Greek word E/car;?, in Eng ■ 
lish is universally contracted into two, by sinking the 
final e. Shakspeare seems to have begun, as he has now 
confirmed this pronunciation, by so adapting the word in 
Macbeth : 

" Why, how now, Hecat' ? you look anger ly." — Act IV. 
Perhaps this was no more than a poetical license in him ; but 
the actors have adopted it in the songs in this tragedy : 

^^ He-cate, He^cate, come away" 

And the play-going world, who form no small portion of 
what is called the better sort of people, have followed the 
actors in this word, and the rest of the world have followed 
them. 

The Roman magistrate, named cedilis, is Anglicised by 
pronouncing it in two syllables, m'dile. The capital of 
Sicily, Syracusce, of four syllables, is made three in the English 
Syr'acuse ; and the city of Tyrus, of two syllables, is reduced 
to a monosyllable in the English Tyre. 

Rules for pronouncing tlie. Consonants of Greek and 
Latin Proper Names. 

9. C and g are hard before a, o, and u, as Cato, Comus, 
Cures, Galba, Gorgon, &c. ; and soft before e, i, and y, as 
Cebes, Scipio, Scylla, Cinna, Geryon, Geta, GtWus, Gyges, 
GymnosophistcB, &.c.§ 

10. T, s, and c, before ia, ie.ii, io, iu, and eu, preceded by the 
accent, in Latin words, as in English, change into sh and z/t, 
as Tatian, Statius, Portius, Portia, Socias, Caduceus, Accius, 
Helvetii, Mcesia, Hesiod, Sec, pronounced Tashean, Stasheus, 
Porsheus, Porshea, Sosheas, Cadusheus, Aksheus, Helveshei, 
Mezhea, Heiheod, &c. But Avhen the accent is on the first of 
the diphthongal vowels, the preceding consonant does not g 
into sh, but preserves its sound pure, as Miltiades, Antia- 
tes, &c. 

11. J" and s, in proper names, ending in tia, sia, cyon, and 
sion, preceded by the accent, change the t and s into sh and 
ih. Thus Phocion, Sicyon, and Cercyon, are pronounced ex- 
actly in our own analogy, as if written Phoshean, Sishean, 
and Sershean : Artemisia and Aspasia sound as if written 
Artemizhea and Aspaihea -. Galatia, Aratia, Alalia, and Ba- 
tia, as if written Galashea, Arashea, Aloshea, and Bashea: 
and if Atia, the town in Campania, is not so pronounced, it 
is to distinguish it from Asia, the eastern region of the world. 



[The author is inconsistent with himself as to the sound of ei 
In the Terminational Dictionary (note on eia) he remarks that 
the ei should be pronounced like double e long. For this rea- 
son the accent has been placed, in the following pages, on the 
letter e in all cases of this kind. See Anteius, &;c. Ed.] 

§ That this general rule should be violated by smatterers in 
the learned languages, in such words as gymnastic, heteroge- 
neous, &:c., is not to be wondered at 5 but that men of rea. 
learning, who do not want to show themselves off" to the vulgar 
by such inuendoes of their erudition, should give into this ir- 
regularity, is really surprising. We laugh at the pedantry 
of the age of James the First, where there is scarcely a page 
jn any English book, that is not sprinkled with twenty Greek 
and Latin quotations ; and yet do not see the similar pedantry 
of interlarding our pronunciation with Greek and Latin 
sounds ; which may be affirmed to be a greater perversion of 
our language than the former. In the one case, the introduction 
of Greek and Latin quotations does not interfere with the. 
English phraseology ; but in the other the pronunciation is 
disturbed, and a motley jargon of sounds introduced, as incon- 
sistent with true taste as it is with neatness and uniformity. 



RULES FOR PRONOUNCING GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



949 



Bat the termination tion (of which there are not even twenty 
examples in proper names throughout the whole Greek and 
Latin languages) seems to preserve the t from going into sh, 
as the last remnant of a learned f_ronunciation ; and to avoid, 
as much as possible, assimilating with so vulgar an English 
termination : thus, though ^sion, Jasion, Dionysion, change 
the s into z, as if written ^zion, Jazion, Dionhion, the z 
does not become z7t ; but Philistion, Gration, Eurytion, Do- 
tioH, Aiidrotion, Hippotion, Iphition, Ormjtion, Metian, Poly- 
tion, Stration, Sotion, Caution, Pallantion, ^tlon, Hippo- 
cration, and Jimphyction, preserve the t in its true sound ; 
Heph(Bstion, however, from the frequency of appearing with 
Alexander, has deserted the small class of his Greek compan- 
ions, and joined the English multitude, oy rhyming with ques- 
tion ; and Tatian and Theodotion seem perfectly Anglicised. 
With very, very few exceptions, therefore, it may be conclud- 
ed, that Greek and Latin proper names are pronounced alike, 
and that both of them follow the analogy of English pronun- 
ciation. 

12. Ch. These letters before a vowel are always pronounced 
like k, as Chabrias, Ckolchis, &,c. ; but when they come before 
a mute consonant at the beginning of a word, us in Chthonia, 
they are mute, and the word is pronounced as if written 
Thonia. Words beginning Avith Sche^ as Scheduis, Schsria, 
&;c., are pronounced as if written Skedius, Skerm, &c. ; 
and c before n in the Latin praenomen Cneus or Cnceus is 
mute ; so in Ciiopus, Cnosus, &c., and before t in Cteatiis, 
and g before n in Oiiidus ,■ pronounced JVopus, J^Tosus, Teatus, 
and J^TldiLS. 

13. At the beginning of Greek words we frequently find 
the uncombinable consonants jnn, tm, fee, as Mnemosyne, 
Alnesidamus, Jilneus, Mnesteus, Tmohis, &c. These are to 
be pronounced with the first consonant mute, as if written 
JVemosyne, J\re$idamiis J\i''eus, J^esteus, Mollis, &c., in the 
same manner as we pronounce the words idellium, pneumat- 
ic, gnomon, mnemonics, &c., without the initial consonant. 
The same may be obser\-ed of the c hard, like k, whf^n it 
comes before t ; as Ctesiphon, Ctesippiis, &cc. Some of these 
words we see sometimes written with an e or i after the first 
consonant, as Menesteus, Timolus, &.C., and then the initial 
consonant is pronounced. 

14. Ph, followed by a consonant, is mute, as Phthia, Pkthi- 
otis, pronounced Thia, Thiotis, in the same manner as the 
naturalized Greek word phthisic, pronounced tisic, 

15. Ps: p is mute also in this combination, as in Psyche, 
Psammetichus, &.C., pronounced Syke, Sammeticus, &c. 

16. Pt : p is mute in words beginning with these letters 
when followed by a vowel, as Ptolemy, Pterilas, &c., pro- 
nounced Tolemy, Terilas, &c. ; but when followed by I, the t 
is heard, as mTlepolemus .- for, though we have no words of 
our own with these initial consonants, we have many words 
that end with them, and they are certainly pronounced. The 
same may be observed of the z in Zmilaces. 

17. The letters s, x, and z, require but little observation, 
being generally pronounced as in pure English words. It 
may, however, be remarked, that s, at the end of words, pre- 
ceded by any of the vowels but e, has its pure hissing sound ; 
as mas, dis, os, miis, &c. ; but when e precedes, it goes into 
the sound of z ; as pes, Thersites, vates, &c. It may also be 
observed, that when it ends a word preceded by r or n, it has 
the sound of z. Thus the letter s in mens, Mars, mors, &c., 
has the same sound as in the English words hens, stars, wars, 
&c. X, when beginning a word or syllable, is pronounced 
like z ; as Xerxes, Xenophon, Si-C, lire pronounced Zerkzes, 
Zcnophon, &c. Z is uniformly pronounced as in English' 
words : thus the z in Zeno and Zeugma is pronounced as we 
hear It in zeal, zone, &c. 

Rules for ascei-taining tlie English Quantity of Greek 
and Latin Proper Names. 

18. It may at first be observed, that in words of two sylla- 
bles, with but one consonant in the middle, whatever be the 
quantity of the vowel in the first syllable in Greek or Lat- 
in, we always make it long in English : thusCrates, the philoso- 
pher, and crates, a hurdle ; deciLs, honor, and dedo, to give up ; 
ovo, to triumph, and ovum, an egg ; J^Tuma, the legislator, and 
J^umen, the divinity, have the first vowel always sounded 
equally long by an English speaker, although in Latin the 
first vowel in the first word of each of these pairs is short.* 

19. On the contrary, words of three syllables, with the ac- 
cent on the first, and with but one consonant after the first syl- 
lable, have that syllable pronounced short, let the Greek or 
Latin quantity be what it will : thus regulus and remcyra^ mimi- 
cus and minium, are heard with the first vowel short in English 
pronunciation, though the first words of each pair have 
their first syllables long in Latin : and the m in fumigq and 
fugito is pronounced long in both words, though in Latin the 
last u is short. This rule is never broken but when the first 
syllable is followed by e or i, followed by another vowel : in 
this case the vowel in the first syllable is long, except that 
vowel be i: thus lamia, genius, Libya, doceo, cupio, have the 
accent on the first syllable, and this syllable is pronounced 

*7he only word occurring to me at present, where thia 
rule is not observed, is canon, a rule, which is always 



long in every word but Libya, though in the original it is 
equally short in all. 

20. It must have frequently occurred to those who instruct 
youth, that though the quantity of the accented syllable of 
long proper names has been easily convoyed, yet that the 
quantity of the preceding unaccented syllables has occasioned 
some embarrassment. An appeal to the laws of our own lan- 
guage would soon have removed the perplexity, and enabled 
us to pronounce the initial unaccented syllables with as much 
decision as the others. Thus every accented antepenultimate 
vowel but u, even when followed by one consonant only, is, in 
our pronunciation of Latin, as well as in English, short : thus 
fabula, separo, diligo, nobilis, cucumis, have the first vowels 
pronounced as in the English words capital, celebrate, simony, 
solitude, luculent, in direct opposition to the Latin quantity, 
which makes every antepenultimate vowel in all these words 
but the last long ; and this we pronounce long, though short in 
Latin. But if a semi-consonant diphthong succeed, "then every 
such vowel is long but i, in our pronunciation of both languages ; 
and Euganeus, Eugenia, filius, folium, dubia, have the vowel 
in the antepenultimate syllable pronounced exactly as in the 
English words satiate, menial, delirious, notorious, penurious ; 
though they are all short in Latin but the i, which we pro- 
nounce short, though in the Latin it is long. 

21. The same rule of quantity takes place in those syllables 
which have the secondary accent : for, as we pronounce lam 
entation, demonstration, diminution, domination, lucubration, 
with every vowel in the first syllable short but M, so we pro- 
nounce the same vowels in the same manner in lamentatio, dem- 
onstratio, diminutio, dominatio, and lucubratio .- but if a semi- 
consonant diphthong succeed the secondary accent, as in ^irio- 
vistus, Heliodorus, Gabinian-us, Herodianus, and Volusianus, 
every vowel preceding the diphthong is long but i ; just as we 
should pronounce these vowels in the English words amiability, 
mediatorial, propitiation, excoriation, centuriator, &c. 

22. But to reduce these rules into a smaller compass, that 
they may be more easily comprehended and remembered, it 
may be observed, that, as we always shorten every antepe- 
nultimate vowel with the primary accent but u, unless follow- 
ed by a semi-consonant diphthong, though this antepenulti- 
mate vowel is often long in Greek and Latin, as ^schylus, 
^schines, &cc., and the antepenultimate i, even though it be 
followed by such a diphthong, as Eleusinia, Ocrisia, &c. — so 
we shorten the first syllable of ^ soul apius, ^nobarbus, &c., 
because the first s}llable of both these words has the secondary 
accent : but we pronounce the same vowels long in Ethiopia, 
.Mgialeus, Haliartus, &c., because this accent is followed by 
a semi-consonant diphthong. 

23. This rule sometimes holds good where a mute and liquid 
intervene, and determines the first syllable of Adrian, Adriatic, 
&L.C. ; to be long like ay, and not short like addt and it is on 
this analogical division of the words, so little understood or 
attended to, that a perfect and a consistent pronunciation of 
them depends. It is this analogy that determines the first u 
to be long in stupidus, and the y short in clypea, though both 
are short in the Latin ; and the o in the first syllable of Corio- 
lanus, which is short in Latin, to be long in English. 

24. The necessity of attending to the quantity of the vowel 
in the accented syllable has sometimes produced a division of 
words in the following Vocabulary that does not seem to con- 
vey the actual pronunciation. Thus the words Sulpitius, Ani- 
cium, Artemisium, &c., being divided into Sul-pit'i-us, A-nic'- 
i-um, Ar-te-mis'i-um, &c., we fancy the syllable after the acc^iit 
deprived of a consonant closely united with it in sounr"., and 
which, from such a union, derives an aspirated sound equiva- 
lent to sh. But as the sound of t, c, or s, in this situation, is 
so generally understood, it was thought more eligiUe to divide 
the words in this manner, than into Sul-pi'ti-u'j, A-ni'ci-um, 
Ar-te-mi'si-um, as in the latter mode the i wants its shortening 
consonant, and might, by some speakers, be {/renounced, as it 
generally is in Scotland, like ee. The same may be observed 
of c and g when they end a syllable, and are followed by e or i, 
as in Ac-e-ra'tus, Ac-i-da'li-a, Tig-el-Wnus, Teg'y-ra, &c., 
where the c and g ending a syllable, we at first sighl think them 
to have their hard sound ; but, by observing the succeeding 
vowel, we soon perceive them to be soft, and only made to end 
a syllable in order to determine the shortness of the vowel 
which precedes. 

25. The general rule, therefore, of quantity, indicated by the 
syllabication adopted in the Vocabulary, is, that when a conso- 
nant ends a syllable, the vowel is always' short, whether the 
accent be on it or not ; and that when a vowel ends a syllable 
with the accent on it, it is always long : that the vowel u, 
when it ends a syllable, is long whether the accenc be on it 
or not ; and that the vowel i, (3,) (4,) when it ends a syllable 
without the accent, is pronounced like e ; but if the syllable be 
final, it has its long open sound, as if the accent were on it , 
and the same may be observed of the letter y. 

Rules for placing the Accent of Greek and Latin Proper 
Names. 

26. Words of two syllables, either Greek or Latin, what- 

pronounced like the word cannon, a piece of ord- 
nance 



RULES FOR PRONOUNCING GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



950 



ever be the quantity in the original, have, in English pronun- 
ciation, the accent on the first syllable : and if a single con- 
sonant conic between two vowels, the consonant goes to the 
'ast syllable, and tne vowel in the first is long , as Cato, Ceres, 
Comus, &.C. 

27. Polysyllables, adopted whole from the Greek or Latin 
into English, have generally the accent of ths Latin : that is, 
if the penultimate be long, the accent is on it, as Sevenis, 
Pemocedes, &c. ; if short, the accent is on the antepenulti- 
mate, as Demosthenes, ^Aristophanes, Posthumjis, &c. See In- 
troduction. 

.28. When Greek or Latin proper names are Anglicised, 
either by an alteration of the letters, or by cutting off the 
latter syllables, the accent of the original, as in appellatives 
under the same predicament, is transferred nearer to the 
beginning of the word. Thus Proserpina has the accent on 
the second syllable ; but when altered to Proserpine, it trans- 
fers the accent to the first. The same may be observed of 
Homerus, Virgilius, Horatius, Sec. when Anglicised to Homer, 
Virgil, Horace, &cc. 

29. As it is not very easy, therefore, so it is not necessary 
to decide where doctors disagree. When reasons lie deep in 
Greek and Latin etymology, the current pronunciation will 
be followed, let the learned do all they can to hinder it : thus, 
after Hyperion has been accented by our bes'- poets, according 
to our own analogy, with the accent on the antepenultimate, 
as Shakspeare : 

" Hype'rion's curls, the front of Jove himself.' ' — Hamlet. 

" that was to this 

Hype'rion to a satyr." Ibid. 



-next day after dawn. 



Doth rise and help Hype'rion to his horse ^^— Henry Vth. 
So Cooke, in his translation of Hesiod's Thecgony, follows the 
accentuation of Shakspeare : 

" Hyperion and Japhet, brothers, join : 
Thea and Rhea of this ancient line 
Descend ; and Themis boasts the source divine." 

" The fruits of Thia and Hyperion rise, 
And with refulgent lustre light the skies " 
After this established pronunciation, I say, how hopeless, as 
well as useless, would it be to attempt the p«rnultimate accen- 
tuation, which yet ought undoubtedly to be [.»reserved in read- 
ing or speaking Greek or Latin compositions , but, in reading 
or speaking English, must be left to those w ho would rather 
appear learned than judicious. But Acrion, Arion, Amphion, 
Echion, Orion, Ixion, Pandion, Asian, Alphion, .Mrion, 
Ophion, Methion, Axion, Eion, Thlexion, and Sandion, pre- 
Berve their penultimate accent invariably : while Ethalion, a 
word of the same form and origin, is pronounced with the 
accent on the antepenultimate, like Deucalion, and Pygma- 
lion-, and this, if I mistake not, is the comm^m pronunciation 
of a ship in the British navy, so called from the name of one 
of the Argonauts, who accompanied Jason }n his expedition 
to Colchis to fetch the golden fleece. 

30. The same difiiculty of deciding between common usage 
and classical propriety appears in words ending in ia, as 
Alexandria, Antiochia, Seleucia, Samaria, Iphigenia, and 
several others, which were pronounced by our ancestors, as 
appears from their poetry, according to our own analogy, 
v.-ith the accent on the antepenultimate syllable ; and there is 
no doubt but every word of this form would have fallen into 
the same accentuation, if classical criticism had not stepped 
in and prevented it. A philosophical grammarian would be 
apt to think we are not much obliged to schoUrs for this inter- 
ruption of the vernacular current of pronunciation ; but, as 
there is so plausible a plea as that of reducing words to their 



original languages, and as a knowledge of these languagen 
will always be an honorable distinction among men, ic ig 
strongly to be suspected that these words will not long con- 
tinue in their plain, homespun English dress. This critical 
correction, however, seems to have come too late for some 
words, which, as Pope expresses it, have "slid into verse," 
and taken possession of our ears ; and therefore, perhap's, 
the best way of disponing of them will be to consider them as 
the ancients did the quantity of certain doubtful syllables, 
and to pronounce them either way. Some, however, seem 
always to have preserved the accent of their original Ian 
guage, as Thalia and Sophia: but Iphigenia, Antiochia 
Seleucia, and Samaria, nave generally yielded to the English 
antepenultimate accent ; and Erijthia, Deidamia, Laodamia 
Hippodamia, Apamia, Ilithyia, and Orithyia. from their 
seldom appearing in mere English composition, have not 
often been drawn aside into plain English pronunciation. 
The same may be observed of words ending in nicus, or nice : 
if they are compounded of the Greek vlkt}, the penultimate 
syllable is always lung, and must have the accent, as Strato- 
nicus, Berenice, &c. ; if this termination be what is called a 
gentile, signifying a man by his country, the penultimate is 
short, and the accent is on the antepenultimate ; as Macedon- 
icus, Sardonicus, Britannicus, &c. See Andronicus. 

31. Thus we see many of these proper names are of dubious 
accentuation ; and the authorities which may be produced on 
both sides sufficiently show us the inutility of criticising be- 
yond a certain point. It is in these as in many English words : 
there are some which, if mispronounced, immediately show a 
want of education ; and there are others which, though not 
pronounced in the most erudite manner, stamp no imputation 
of ignorance or illiteracy. To have a general knowledge, there- 
fore, of the pronunciation of these words, seems absolutely 
necessary for those who would appear respectable in the more 
respectable part of society. Perhaps no people on earth are 
so correct in the accentuation of proper names as the teamed 
among the English. The Port-Royal Grammar informs us, 
that, " notwithstanding all the rules that can be given, we are 
often under the necessity of submitting to custom, and of 
accommodating our pronunciation to what is received among 
the learned according to the country we are in." "So we 
pronounce," says the grammarian, '■'■ Arislo'bulus, BasVlius, 
Ido'lium, with the accent on the antepenultimate, though the 
penultimate is long, because it is the custom : and, on the 
contrary, we pronounce Andre'as, ide'a, Mari'a, &c., with 
the accent on the penultimate, though it is short, because it 
is the custom of the most learned. The Italians," continues 
he, "place the accent on the penultimate of antonomasi'a, 
harmoni'a, philosophVa, theolcgi'a, and similar words, accord- 
ing to the Greek accent, because, as Ricciolius observes, it is 
the custom of their country. Alvarez and Gretser th'nk we 
ought always to pronounce them in this manner, though the 
custom, not only of Germany and Spain, but of all France, is 
against it : but Nebrissensis authorizes this last pronunciation, 
and says, that it is better to place the accent of these vowels 
on the antepenultimate syllable ; which shows," concludes 
the grammarian, " that when we once depart from the ancient 
rules, we have but little certainty in practice, which is so 
different in different countries." 

But however uncertain and desultory the accentuation of 
many words may be, it is a great satisfaction to a speaker to 
know that they are so. There is a wide difference between 
pronouncing words of this kind ignorantly and knowingly. 
A person \yho knows that scholars themselves differ in tiio 
pronunciation of these words can always pronounce with 
security : but one who is unacquainted with the state of the 
accent is not sure that he is right when he really is so, and 
always pronounces at his peril. 



*** It is hoped the candid peruser of this work will make 
allowances for an occasional error in dividing a syllable or 
placing an accent, when he reflects on the dificulty with which 
such a work must necesaar&y be attended. The author flat- 



ters himself, however, that such attention has been paid both 
to the compilation and the proofs^ that the fewest errors im- 
aginable have escaped him. 



PROJVUNCIATIOJV 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES, 



INITIAL VOCABULARY. 



*:^* Wbfi.n a word is succeeded by a word printed in Italics, 
the latter word is merely to spell the former as it ought to bo 
pronounced Thus Abansheas is the true pronunciation of the 
preceding word Abantias .- and so of the rest. 

*:(t* The figures annexed to the words refer to the Rules 
prefixed to the work. Thus the figure 3 after Achwi refers to 
Rule the 3d, for the pronunciation of the final i ; and the figure 



4 after Abii refers to Rule the 4th, for the pronunciation of tha 

unaccented i, not final : and so of the rest. 

*:,.* When the letters Eng. are put after a word, it is to 
show that this word is the preceding word Anglicised. Thus 
iM'can, Eng., is the Latin word Lucanus, changed into the 
English Lucan. 



AB 


AC 


AC 


AD 


iE 


A'BA and A'bsB* 


Ab-rod-i-ae'tus 4 


Ac-«r-sec'o-mes 


A'cis 


A-das'pi-i 4 


Ab'a-a 


A-bro'ni-us 4 


A'ces 7 


Ac'mon 


Ad'a-tha 


Ab'a-ba 


A-bron'y-cus 6 


A-ce'si-a 10 


Ac-mon'i-des 4 


Ad-de-pha'gi-a 


Ab-a-ce'ne 8 


Ab'ro-ta 7 


Ac-e-si'nes 1 


A-coe'tes 


Ad'du-a 7 


Ab'a-ga 
Ab'a-lus 20 


A-brot'o-num 


Ac-e-si'nus 1 


A-co'naB 4 


A-del'phi-u3 


A-bryp'o-lis 6 


A-ce'si-us 10 


A-con'tes 


A-de'mon 


A-ba'nat 7 


Ab-se'us 


A-ces'ta 7 


A-con'te-us 


A'des, or Ha'des 


A-ban'tes 


Ab^in'thi-i 4 


A-ces'tes 


A-con'ti-us 10 


Ad-gan-des'tri-us 


A-ban'ti-as 10 


Ab'so-rus 


A-ces'ti-um 10 


A-con-to-bu'lus 


Ad-her'bal 


A-ban'she-as 


Ab-syr'tos 6 


A-ces-to-do'rus 


A-co'ris 


Ad-her'bas 


Ab-an-ti'a-des 1 


Ab-syr'tus 6 


A-ces-tor'i-dea 


A'cra 


Ad-i-an'te 8 


A-ban'ti-das 4 


Ab-u-li'tes 1 


A-ce'tes 


A'crBB 


A-di-at'o-rix 


A-ban'tis 


Ab-y-de'ni 6 


Ach-a-by'tost 12 


A-crae'a 7 


Ad-i-man'tus 


Ab-ar-ba're-a 7 


Ab-y-de'nus 6 


A-chae'a 7 


A-craeph'ni-a 7 


Ad-me'ta 7 


Ab'a-ri 3 


A-by'di 6 


A-chae'i 3 


Ac-ra-gal-li'dffi 4 


Ad-i-me'te 


A-bar'i-mon 4 


A-by'dos 6 


A-chaB'i-um 


Ac'ra-gas 7 


Ad-me'tus 


Ab'a-ris 7 


A-by'dus 


A-ch8em'e-nes 


A-cra'tus 


A-do'ni-a 


A-ba'rus 1 


Ab'y-la 6 


Ach-aB-me'ni-a 


A'cri-as 4 


A-do'nis 


A'bas 1 


Ab'y-lon 6 


Ach-ae-men'i-des 


Ac-ri-doph'a-gi 3 


Ad-ra-myt'ti-um 


A-ba'sa 1 7 


Ab-ys-si'ni 1 


A-chee'ns 


A-cri'on 11 


A-drafna 7 1 


Ab-a-si'tis 7 1 


Ab-ys-sin'i-a 6 


A-cha'i-a 7 


Ac-ris-i-o'ne 


A-dra*num 


Ab-as-se'na 1 7 


Ac-a-cal'lid 7 


Ach'a-ra 7 


Ac-ris-i-o-ne'us 


A-dras'ta 


Ab-as-se'ni 


Ac-a-ce'si-um 10 


Ach-a-ren'ses 


Ac-ris-i-o-ni'a-des 


A-dras'ti-a 


A-bas'sus 7 


Ak-a-se'zhe-um 


A-char'nae 4 


A-cris'e-us 10 


A-dras'tus 


Ab'a-tos 7 


A-ca'ci-us 10 


A-cha'tes 


A-cri'tas 1 


A'dri-a 23 


Ab-da-lon'i-mus 4 


A-ka'she-us 


Ach-e-lo'i-des 4 


Ac-ro-a'thon 


A-dri-a'num 


Ab-de'ra 1 7 


Ac-a-de'mi-a 7 


Ach-e-lo'ri-um 


Ac-ro-ce-rau'ni-um 


A-dri-at'i-cum 


Ab-de'ri-a 1 4 7 


Ac-a-de'mus 


Ach-e-lo'us 


Ac-ro-co-rin'thus 


A-dri-an-op'o-lis 


Ab-de-ri'tes 1 


Ac-a-lan'drus 


A-cher'dus 


A'cron 1 


A-dri-a'nus 


Ab-de'rus 1 


A-cal'le 8 


A-cher'i-mi 3 4 


Ac-ro-pa'tos 


A'dH-an (Eng.) 


A-be'a-tae 7 1 5 


A-ca-mar'chis 7 


Ach'e-ron 


A-crop'o-lia 


Ad-ri-me'tum 


A-bel'Ia 7 


Ac'a-mas 7 


Ach-e-ron'ti-a 10 


Ac'ro-ta 


Ad-u-at'i-ci 4 


Ab^l-li'nus 


A-camp'sis 7 


Ach-e-ru'si-a 11 


A-crot'a-tus 


A-dyr-ma-chi'dffl 


A'bi-a 1 4 7 


A-can'tha 7 


Ach-e-ru'si-as 11 


Ac-ro'tho-os 


miQ.^ 7 


A-ben'da 7 


A-can'thus 7 


A-che'tus 


Ac'ta 7 


M-a-ce'a. 


Ab'ga-rus 


Ac'a-ra 7 


A-chil'las 


Ac-tas a 7 


^-ac'i-das 


A'bi-i 4 


A-ca'ri-a 7 


A-chil'le-us 


Ac-tae'on 4 


JS-ac'i-des 


Ab'i-la 4 7 


Ac-ar-na'ni-a 7 


Ach-il-le'a 7 


Ac-tae'us 4 


^'a-cus 


A-bis'a-res 7 


A-car'nas 7 


Ach-il-lei-en'ses 


Ac'te 8 


JE'as 


A-bis'a-ris 7 


A-cas'ta 7 


Ach-il-le'us 


Ac'ti-a 10 


JE-Bs'a 


Ab-i-son'tes 4 


A-cas'tus 7 


A-chil'Ies 


Ac'tis 


iE-an-te'um 


Ab-Ie'tes 1 


Ac-a-than'tus 7 


Ach-il-le'um 


Ac-tis'a-nes 


^-an'ti-dea 


A-bob'ri-ca 4 


Ac'ci-a 10 7 


A-chi'vi 4 


Ac'ti-um 10 


^-an'tis 


A-bo'bus 


Ak'she-a 


Ach-la-dae'us 


Ac'ti-us 10 


^'as 


A-boec'ri-tus 5 


Ac'ci-la 7 


Ach-o-Ia'i 3 


Ac 'tor 


^'a-tus 


Ab-o-la'ni 3 


Ac'ci-us 10 


Ac-ra-di'na 7 


Ac-tor 'i-des 


^ch-mac'o-ras 


A-bo'lus 7 1 


Ak'she-us 


Ach-o-lo'e 


Ac-to'ris 


iEch'mis 


Ab-on-i-tei'chos 5 


Ac'cu-a 7 


Ach-ra-di'na 


A-cu'phis 


^-dep'sum 


Aj-o-ra'ca 1 7 


A'ce 8 


Ac-i-cho'ri-us 


A-cu-si-la'us 


^-des'sa 


Ab-o-rig'i-nes 4 


Ac-e-di'ci 3 24 


Ac-i-da'li-a 8 


A-cu'ti-cus, M 


^-dic'u-la 


A-bor'ras 7 


Ac'e-la 24 


Ac-i-da'sa 


A'da 7 


iE-di'les 8 


Ab-ra-da'tas 


Ac-e-ra'tus 27 


A-cil'i-a 


A-dse'us 


iE-dip'su8 


Ab-ra-da'tes 


A-cer'bas 


Ac-i-lig'e-na 24 


Ad-a-man-tse'a 7 


^'don 


A-bren'tius 10 


Ac-e-ri'na 1 


A-cil'i-us 


Ad'a-mas 


^E'du-i, or Hed'u-i 


A-broc'o-mas 


A-cer'rae 4 


A-cil'la 7 


Ad-a-mas'tus 


iE-el'lo 



* Every a ending a syllable, with the accent upon it, is 
pronounced like the a in the English words fa-vm-, ta-per, 
&.C. See Rule the 1st, prefixed to this Vocabulary. 

I Every unaccented a, whether initial, medial or final, 
ending a syllable, has an obscure sound, bordering on the a in 
father. See Rule the 7th, prefixed to this Vocabulary. 

J Achabijtos -CA, in this and all the subsequent words, have 
the sound of fe Thus, Achabytos, Achma, Achates, &.C., are 



pronounced as if written Akabytos, Akcea, Akates, &c. See 
Rule the 12th. 

$ .ZBa.— This diphthong is merely ocular, for the a has no 
share in the sound, though it appears in the type. Indeed, as 
we pronounce the a, there is no middle sound between that 
letter and e, and therefore we have adopted the last vowel, 
and relinquished the first. This, among other reasons, makes 
it probable that the Greeks and Romans pronounced the a as 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



^N 
.(E-e'ta 
^-e'ti-as 10 
JE'ga 
JE-ge'as 
JE'gad 5 
^-gae'ffl 
JE-gas'on 
iE-gse'um 

iE-ga'le-os 

^-ga'le^um 

^'gan 

iE'gas 5 

-^-ga'tes 

JE-ge le-on 

iE-ge'ri-a 

^ ges'ta 

JE-ge'm 

^-gi'a-le 

iE-gi-a'le us 22 

^-gi-a'li-a 22 4 

^-gi'a-lu3 

yE-gi'des 

jE-gi'la 

^-gil'i-a 

^-gim'i-us 

^g-i-mo'rus 

iE-gi'na 

^g-i-ne'ta 

^g-i-ne'tes 

j!E-gi'o-chus 

iE-gi'pan 

jE-gi'ra 

iE-gir-o-^3'sa 

^'gis* 

^-gis'thus 

iE-gi'tum 

jE'gi-um 

^g'le 

^g'les 

^g-le'tes 

^g'lo-ge 

i5E-gob'o-lus 

^-goc'e-ros 

JE gOE 

^'gos pot'a-mos 

^g-o-sa'gcB 

^-gos'the-na 

jE'gus 

M'gy 6 

jEg-y-pa'nes 

^-gyp'sus 

^-gyp'ti-i 4 10 

iE-gyp'ti-um 10 

^-gyp'tus 

JE'li-a 

^-li-a'nus 

iS: li-an (Eng.) 

^■E ii-us and JE'li-a 

iE-lu'rus 

^-mil'i-a 

^-mil-i-a'nu3 

iE-mil'i-u3 

yEm-nes'tus 

^'mon 

^m'o-na 

^-mo'ni-a 

iE-mon'i-des 

^'mu9 

^-myl'i-a 

iE-myl-i-a'nUs 

^-myl'i-i 4 

^-myl'i-us 

(E-na'ri-a 

-^-ne'a 



AG 

^-ne'a-des 

^-ne'a-dsB 

JE-ne'aa 

-^-ne'i-a 

^-ne'is 

-iE-ne'i-des 4 

-dC-nes-i-de'mu3 

-lE-ne'si-us 10 

iE-ne'tus 

iE'ni-a 

^-ni'a-cus 

iE-ni'o-chi 12 

^n-o-bar'bus 22 

iEn'o-cles 

-E'num 

^-ny'ra 

^-o'li-a 

^-o'li-ae 

^-ol'i-da 

^-ol'i-des 

^'o-lis 

-iE'o-lus 

iE-o'ra 

^-pa'li-us 

JE-pe'a 

^p'u-lo 21 

^'py 6 

-^p'y-tus 21 

^-qua'na 7 

JE'qui 3 

-^-quic'o-li 

^q-ui-me'li^um 

^'ri-as 

iEr'o-pe 

^r'o-pus 

^s'a-cus 

iE-sa'pus 

^'sar, or jE-s>a'ras 

.^s'chi-fies 22 

^s'chi-ron 12 

^s-chy-li'des 

iEs'chy-lus 21 

^s-<5u-la'pi-u3 '2S 

^-se'pus 

iE-ser'ni-a 

^-si'on 11 

^'son 

-^-son'i-des 

^-so'pus 

JE'sop (Eng., 

vEs'tri-a 

iEs'u-a 

-iE-sy'e-tes 

^s-ym-ne'tes 21 

iE-sym'nus 

-iE-thal'-i-des 

^-thi-o'pi-a 22 

iEth'Ji-us 

^'thon 

^'thra 

^-thu'sa 

^'li-a 10 

^'ti-on 11 

iE'li-usf 10 

^t'na 

^-to'li-a 

^-to'lus 

A 'far 

A-fra'ni-a 

A-fra'ni-us 

Af ri-ca 7 

Af-ri-ca'nus 

Af'ri-cum 

A-gag-ri-a'nse 



AG 

Ag-a-las'ses 

A-gal'la 7 

A-gam'ma-tse 

Ag-a-me'des 

Ag-a-mem'non 

Ag-a-mem-no'ni-us 

Ag-a-me'tor 

Ag-am-nes'tor 

Ag-a-nip'pe 

A-gan za-ga 

Ag-a-pe'no 

Ag-a-reni 3 

Ag-a-ris'ta 

A-gas'i-cles 

A-gas'sae 

A-gas'the-nes 

A-gas'thus 

A-gas'tro-phus 

Ag'a-tha 

Ag-ath-ar'chi-das 

Ag-ath-ar'chi-des 

Ag-ath-ar'cus 

A-ga'thi-as 

Ag'a-tho 

A-gath-o-cle'a 

A-gath'o-cles 

Ag'a-thon 

A-gath-o-ny'mus 

Ag-a-thos'the-nes 

Ag-a-thyr'num 

Ag-a-thyr'si 3 

A-gau'i 3 

A-ga've 

A-ga'vus 

Ag-des'tis 

Ag-e-e'na 

Ag-e-las'tus, 

Ag-e-la'u3 

A-gen'a-tha 

Ag-en-di'cum 

A-ge'nor 

Ag-e-nor'i-des 

Ag-e-ri'nus 

Ag-e-san'der 

A-ge'si-as 10 

Ag-es-i-la'us 

Ag-e-sip'o-lis 

Ag-e-sis'tra-ta 

Ag-e-sis'tra-tus 

Ag-gram'mes 

Ag-gri'nae 

Ag'i-dae 

Ag-i-la'us 

A'gis 

Ag-la'i-a 

jig-lay'a 

Ag-la-o-ni'ce 

Ag-la'o-pe 

Ag-la-o-phae'na 

Ag-la'o-phon 

Ag-la-os'the-nes 

Ag-lau'ro3 

Ag-la'us 

Ag'na 

Ag'no 

Ag-nod'i-ce 

Ag'non 

Ag-non'i-des 

Ag-o-na'li-a, and A-go'- 

ni-a 
A-go'ne3 
Ag'o-nis 
A-go'ni-us 
Ag-o-rac'ri-tus 
Ag-o-ran'o-mi 3 



AL 

Ag-o-ra'ni3 

Ag-o-rae'a 

A'gra 1 

A-grae'i 3 

Ag'ra-gas 

A-grau'le 

A-grau'li-a 

A-grau'los 

Ag-rau-o-ni'tffi 

A-gri-a'nes 

A-gric'o-la 

Ag-ri-gen'tum 

A-grin'i-um 

A-gri-o'ni-a 

A-gri'o-pas 

A-gri'o-pe 

A-grip'pa 

Ag-rip-pi'aa 

A-gris'o-pe 8 

A'gri-us 1 

Ag'ro-las 

A'gron 

A-gro'taa 

A-grot'e-ra 

A-gyl'e-U3 5 

A-gyl'Ia 

Ag-yl-]ffi' U3 

A-gy'rus 

A-gyr'i-um 

A-gyr'i-u3 

A-gyr'tes 

A-ha'la 7 

A-i-do'ne-u3 5 

A-im'y-lus 

A-i'us Lo-cu'ti-Ui 

A'jax 

Al-a-ban'da 

Al'a-bus 

A-lae'a 

A-lae'i 3 

A-lcB^sa 

A-lae'us 

Al-a-gc'ni-a 

A-la'la 

Al-al-com'e-nae 

A-la'li-a 7 

A!-a-ma'nes 

Al-a-man'ni, or 

man'ni 
A-la'ni 
Al'a-res 
Al-a-ri'cus 
AVa-ric (Eng.) 
Al-a-ro'di-i 3 4 
A-las'tor 
Al'a-7,on 
Al'ba Syl'vi-U3 
Al-ba'ni-a 
Al-ba'nus 
Al-bi'ci 3 4 
Al-bi-e'tae 4 
Al-bi'ni 3 
Al-bi-no-va'nus 
Al-bin-te-me'Ii-um 
Al-bi'nus 
Al'bi-on 
A]'bi-us 
Al-bu-cil'la 
Al'bu-la 
Al-bu'ne-a 
Al-bur'nus 
Ai'bus Pa'gus 
Al-bu'ti-us 10 
Al-cae'us 
Al-cam'e nes 



Al-€- 



AL 

Al-can'der 

Al-cau'dre 

Al-ca'nor 

Al-catho-e 

Al-cath'o-u3 

Al'ce 

Al-ce'nor 

Al-ce3'te 

Al-ces'ti3 

Ai'ce-tas 

Al'chi-das 12 

Al-chim'a-cus 

Al-ci-bi'a-des 4 

Al-cid'a-mas 

Al-ci-da-me'a 

Al-ci-dam'i-daa 

Al-cid'a-mus 

Al-ci'aas 

Al-ci'des 

Al-cid'i-ce 

Al-cim'e-de 

Al-cim'e-don 

A-cim'e-nes 

Al'ci-mu3 

Al-cin'o-e 

Al'ci-nor 

Al-cin'o-usJ 

Al-ci-o'ne-us 5 

Al'ci-phron 

Al-cip'po 

Al-cip'pus 

Al'cis 

Al-cith'o-e 

Alc-mae'on 

Alc-mEB-on'i-dse 

Alc'man 

Alc-rae'na 

Ai-cy'o-ne 

Al-cy-o'ne-us 5 

Al-cy'o-na 

Al-des'cu3 

Al-du'a-bis 

A'le-a 1 7 

A-le'ba3 

A-le'bi-on 

A-lec'to 

A-Iec'tor 

A-lec 'try-on 

A-lec'tus 

A-le'i-us Cam'pu8$ 

A]-e- man'ni 

A-le'mon 

Al-e-mu'si-i 4 

A 'lens 

A' le-on 

A-le'se 

A-le'si a 10 

A-le'si-um 10 

A-Ie'te3 

A-le'thes 

A-le'thi-a 

A-let'i-das 

A-le'tri-um 

A-Ie'tum 

Al-eu-a'dse 

A-le'us 

A'lex 1 

A-lex-a-me'nus 

Al-ex-an'der|| 

Al-ex-an'dra 

Al-ex-an-dri'air 30 

Al-ex-an'dri-des 

Al-ex-an-dri'na 

Al-ex-an-drop ' o-lis 

Al-ex-a'nor 



we do in water, and the e as we hear it in where and there ; 
the middle or mixt sound, then, would be like a In father, 
which was probably the sound they gave to this diphthong. 

* ^gis —This diphthong, though long in Greek and Lat- 
in, is in English pronunciation either long or short, accord- 
ing to the accent or position of it. Thus, if it immediately 
precedes the accent, as in ^geus, or with the accent on it, 
before a single consonant, in a word of two syllables, it 
is long, as in ^gisj before two consonants it is short, as 
in .Mgles ; or before one only, if the accent be on the an- 
tepenultimate, as in ^ropus. — For the exceptions to this rule, 
see Rule '22. 

I One of the generals of Valentinian the Third ; which, 
Labbe tells us, ought properly to be written Aetius ; that 
is, without the diphthong. We may observe, that as this 
word comes from the Greek, but is Latinized, it is pronounced 
with tlie t like sh, as if written ^shius ,- but the preceding 



word JEtion, being pure Greek, does not conform to this anal- 
ogy.— See Rule the 11th and 29th. 

J Alcinous. — There are no words more frequently mispro- 
nounced by a mere English scholar than those of this'termina 
tion . By such a one we sometimes hear Alcinous and Antinous 
pronounced in three syllables, as if written Al-ci-nouz and An- 
ti-nouz, rhyming with vows ; but classical pronunciation re- 
quires that these vowels should form distinct syllables. 
^ Aldus Campus. — 

" Lest from this flying steed unrein'd, (as once 
Bellerophon, though from a lower clime,) 
Dismounted, on tii' Aleian field I fall, 
Erroneous there to wander, and forlorn." 

Milton's Par Lost, b. vii. v. 17 
II Alexander. — This word is as frequently pronounced with 
the accent on the first as on the third syllable. 

[IT This word is accented, by the author, on the antepenult , 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



AM 

Al-ex-ar'chus 
A-lex'as 
A'lex'i-a 
A-lck'she-a 
A-lex-ic'a-cu3 
Al-ex-i'nu8 
A lex'i-o 
4-lek'she-o 
Al-ex-ip'pus 
^il-ex-ir'a-es 
A.l-ex-ir'ho-e 
'\.-lex'is 
^-lex'on 
\l-fa-ter'na 
\l-fe'nua 
\l'gi-dum 
A.-11-ac'mon 
A.-li-ar'tum 
A.-li-ar'tu3 
Al'i-cis 
A-li-e'nus 21 
^I'i-fa 

N.I-i-lae'i 3 4 
y-i-men'tus 
(V-lin'dBB 
V-lin-do'i-a 
A.l-i-phe'ri-a 
Al-ir-ro^thi-us 
\l'li-a 
\l-li-e'nos 
\l-lob'ro-ges 
Al-lob'ry-ges 
ll-lot'ri-ges 
Al-lu'ti-us 10 
A.-lo'a 
■il-o-e'us 
Vl-o-i'dae 
Al-o-i'des 
\.-\o ne 
Al'o-pe 
i-lop'e-ce 
4-lop'e-ces 
4-lo' pi-US 
I'los 

.\-lo'ti-a 10 
il-pe'nus 
Al'pes 
ilps (Eng.) 
y-phe'a 
U-phe'i-a 
A.l-plie'nor 
iVl-phe'nus 
^1-phe-si-bcE'a 5 
Al-phe-si-boe'us 

\l-phG'U3 

Al' phi-US 

Al-phi'on 29 

Al-pi'nus 

Al'pis 

Al'si-um 10 

Al'sus 

Al-thee'a 

Al-thaem'e-nes 

Al-ti'num 

Al'tis 

A-lun'ti-um 10 

A'lus, Al'u-us 

A-ly-at'tes 

Al'y-ba 6 

Al-y-C8B'a 

Al-y-c8e'u3 

A-lys'sus 

Al-yx-oth'o-e 

A-mad'o-ci 3 

A-mad'o-cus 

Am'a-ge 

Am-al-thae'a 

Am-al-the'um 

Am'a-na 



AM 

A-man'tes 

Am-an-ti'ni 3 

A-ma'nus 

A-mar'a-cua 

A-mar'di 3 

A-mar'tu3 

Am-bryl'lis 

Am-ar-yn'ce-us 5 

Am-ar-yn'thug 

A'mas 

A-ma'si-a 10 

Am-a-se'nus 

A-ma'sis 

A-mas'tris 

A-mas'trus 

A-ma'ta 

Am-a-the'a 

Am'a-thus 

A-max-aro- pe ' us 

A-max'i-a 

A-Doax'i-ta 

Am-a-ze'nes 

A-maz'-o-nes 

Am'a-zotis (Eng.) 

Am-a-zon'i-des 

Am-a-zo'ni-a 

Am-a-zo'ni-um 

Am-a-zo'ni-us 

Am-bar'ri 3 

Am'be-nus 

Am-bar-va'li-a 

Am-bi-a-li'tes 

Am-bi-a'num 

Am-bi-a-ti'num 

Am-bi-ga'tus 

Am-bi'o-rix 

Am'bla-da 

Am-bra'ci-a 10 

Am-bra'ci-us 10 

Am'bri 3 

Am-bro'nes 

Arn-bro'si-a 10 

Am-bro'si-us 10 

Am bry'on 

Am-brys'sus 

Am-bul'li 3 

Am'e-les 

A.m-e-na'nus 

Am-e-ni'des 

A-men'o-cles 

A-me'ri-a 

A-mes'tra-tus 

A-mes'tris 

A-mic'las 

Am-ic-lae'us 

Anvic-tse'ua 

A-mic'tas 

A-mi'da 3 

A-mil'car 

Am'i-los 4 

A-mim'o-ne, or 

A-mym'o-ne 
A-min'e-a, or 

Am-min'e-a 
A-min'i-as 
A-min'i-us 
A-min'o-cles 
Am-i-se'na 
A-inis'i-as 10 
A-mis'saa 
A-mi'sum 
A-mi'sus 
Am-i-ter'num 
Am-i-tha'on, or 

Am-y-tha'on 
Am-ma'lo 
Am-mi-a'nus 
Ara'mon 
I Am-mo'ni-a 



AN 
Am-mo'ni-i 3 
Am-mo'ni-us 
Am-mo'the-a 
Am'ni-as 
Am-ni'sus 3 
Ani-ce-bae'us 5 
Am-mo-me'tus 
A'mor 1 
A-mor'ges 
A-mor'gos 
Ampe-lus 
Am-pe-lu'si-a 
Am-phe'a 7 
Am-phi-a-la'u3 
Am-phi'a-nax 
Am-phi-a ra'us 
Am-phi-ar'i-des 
Am-phic'ra-tes 
Am-phic'ty-on 11 
Am-phic-le'a 
Arn-phid'a-mus 
Am-phi-dro'mi-a 
Am-phi-ge'ni-a, or 

Am-phi-ge ni'a* 29 
Am-phil'o-chus 
Am-phil'y-tus 
Am-phim'a-chus 
Am-phim'e-don 
Am-phin'o-me 
Am-phin'o-mu3 
Am-phi'on 28 
Am-phip'o-Ies 
Am-phip'o-]i3 
Am-phip'y-ros 
Am-phi-re'tus 
Am-phir'o-e 
Am'phi3 
Am-phis-ba3'na 
Am-phis'sa 
Am-phis-se'ne 
Am-phis'sus 
Am-phis'the-ne3 
Am-phis-ti'des 
Am-phis'tra-tus 
Am-phit'e-a 
Am-phith'e-mis 
Am-phith-'o-e 
Am-phi-tri'te 8 
Am-phit'ry-on 
Am'phi-tus 
Am-phot'e-rus 
Am-phot-ry-o-ni'a-des 
Am-phry'sus 
Amp'sa-ga 
Am-pys'i-des 
Am'pyx 
Am-sae'tus 
A-rau'li-u3 
A-myc'la 
A-myc' Is 
Am'y-cus 
Am'y-don 
Am-y-rao'ne 
A-myn'tas 
A-myn-ti-a'nus 
A-myn'tor 
A-my'ris 
A-myr'i-us 
Am'y-rus 
A-mys'tis 
Am-y-tha'on 
Am'y-tis 
An'a-ces 
An-a-char'sis 
A-na'ci-um 10 
A-nac're-on, or 

A-na'cre-on 23 
An-ac-to'ri-a 
An-ac-to'ri-um 



AN 

An-a-dy-om'e-nef 
A-nag'ni-a 
An-a-gy ron'tum 
An-a-i'tis 
An'a-phe 
An-a-phlys'tU8 
A-na'pus 
A-nar'ies 
A'nas 1 
Aji'cho-ra 
A-nat'o-le 
A-nau'chi-das 12 
A-nau'ru3 
A'nax 1 
An-ax-ag'o-ras 
An-ax-an'der 
An-ax-an'dri-des 
An-ax-ar'chu3 12 
An-ax-ar'p-te 
An-ax-e'nor 
A-nax'i-as 10 
An-ax-ib'i-a 
An-ax-ic'ra-tes 
A-nax-i-da'mus 
A-nax'i-las 
A-nax-i-la'u3 
An-ax-il'i-des 
An-ax-i-man'der 
An-ax-im'e-nes 
An-ax-ip'o^lis 
An-ax-ip'pu3 
An-ax-ir'ho-e 
A-nax'is 
A-nax'o 
An-cae'us 
An-ca-li'tes 
An-ca'ri-us 
An-cha'ri-a 7 
An-cha'ri-us 
An-chem'o-lu3 
An-che-si'tes 
An-chea'mus 
An-chi'a-la 
An-chi'a-le 
An-chi'a-lus 
An-chi-mo'li-us 
An-chin'o-e 
An-chl'ses 
An-chis'i-a 11 
An-chi-si'a-des 
An'cho-e 
An-chu'rus 
Ap-ci'le 
An'con 
An-co'na 

An'cus Mar'ti-us 
An-cy'le 
An-cy'rffl 
An'da 

An-dab'a-tae 
An-da'ni-a 
An-de-ca'vi-a 
An'des 
An-doc'i-des 
An-dom'a-tis 
An-drae'mon 
An-dra-ga'thi-us 
An-drag'a-thus 
An-drag'o-ras 
An -dram'y-tes 
An-dre'as 
An'drew (Eng.) 
An'dri-clus 
An'dri-on 
An-dris'cus 
An-dro'bi-us 
An-dro-cle'a 
An'dro-cle3 
An-dro-cli'des 



AN 
An-dro'clu8 
An-dro-cy'des 
An-drod'a-mu3 
An-dro'ge-os 
An-dro'ge-us 
An-drog'y-nae 
An-drom'a-che 
An-drom-a-chi'dsB 
An-drom'a-chu8 
An-drom'a-das 
An-drom'e-da 
An'dron 

i^ i-dro-ni'cus| 28 
An-dropu 'a-gi 3 
An-dro-pom'pus 
An'dros 
An-dros'the-nes 
An-dro'tri-on 
An-e-lon'tis 
An-e-ras'tua 
An-e-mo'li-a 
An-e-mo'aa 
An-fin'o-mu3 
An-ge'li-a 
An-ge'li-oa 
An'ge-lus 
An-gi'tes 
An'gru-? 

An-gu-it'i-a 11 24 
A'ni-a 7 
An-i-ce'ttis 
A-nic'i-a 10 
A-nic'i-um 24 
A-nic'i-u3 Gal'lns 
An'i-gru3 

A'ni-o, and A ni-en 
An-i-tor'gis 
A'ni-us 
An'na 
An-ni-a'nua 
An'ni-bal 
An'ni-bi 3 4 
An-nic'e-ria 24 
An'non 
An-o-pae'a 
An'ser 
An-si-ba'ri-a 
An-tffi'a 
An-tae'as 
An-tae'us 
An-tag'o-ras 
An-tal'ci-das 
An-tan'der 
An-tan'dros 
An-ter-bro'gi-ua 
An-te'i-us 
An-tem'na 
An-te'nor 
An-te-nor'i-des 
An'te-ros 
An-the'a 
An'the-as 
An-the'don 
An-the'la 
An'the-mis 
An'the-mon 
An'the-mus 
An-the-mu'si-a 10 
An-the'ne 
An-ther'mus 
An'thes 

An-thes-pho ' ri-a 
An-thes-te'ri-a 
An'the-us 
An-thi'a 
An'thi-as 
An'thi-um 
An'thi-U3 
An'tho 



Alexan'dria, in the Terrainational Dictionary, and among 
Scripture names. So likewise by Perry, and by Fulton and 
Knight.— Ed.] 

* Amphigenia. -See Iphigenia, and rule 30, prefixed to this 
Vocabulary - 

t This epithet, from the Greek avaSvu), emergens, signifying 
rising out of the water, is applied to the picture of Venus 
rising out of the sea, as originally painted by Apelles. I doubt 
not that some, who only hear this word, without seeing it writ- 
ten, suppose it to mean Anno Domini, the year of our Lord. 

X Andronictis. — This word is uniformly pronounced by our 
prosodists with the penultimate accent ; and yet so averse is 
an English ear to placing the accent on the penultimate i, that 
by all English scholam we hear it placed upoa the antepenul- 



timate syllable. That this was the pronunciation of this 
word in Clueen Elizabeth's time, appears plainly from the 
tragedy of T^tiLS Andronicus, said to be written by Shak- 
speare ; in which we every where find the antepenultimate 
pronunciation adopted. It may indeed be questioned, whether 
Shakspeare's learning extended to a knowledge of the quan- 
tity of this GrsBCo-Latin word ; but, as Mr. Steevens has justly 
observed, there is a greater number of classical allusions in 
this play than are scattered over all the rest of the perform- 
ances on which the seal of Shakspoare is indubitably fixed ; 
and therefore it may be presumed that the author could not oe 
ignorant of the Greek and Latin pronunciation of this word, 
but followed the received English pronunciation of his time , 
and which by all but professed scholars is still continued.— 
See SoPHRoi«icus. 



95<i 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



AO 

An tho'res 

An-thra'ei-a 10 

An-thro-pi'nus 

An-thro-poph'a-gi 

An-thyl'la 

An-ti-a-ni'ra 

An'ti-as 10 

An-ti-cle'a 

An'li-cles 

An-ti-cli'des 

An-tic'ra-guB 

Au-tic'ra-tes 

An-tic'y-ra 

An-tid'o-tus 

An-tido-mus 

An-tig'©-nes 

Ao-ti-gen'i-daa 

An-tig'o-na 

Aa-tig'o-ne 

An-ti-go'ni-a 

An-tig'o-nus 

An-til'co 

An-ti-lib'a-nu3 

An-til'o-chu3 

An-tim'a-chus 

An-*.im'e-nes 

An-ti-nce'i-a 5 

An-ti-n^^p'o-lis 

An-tin'o-us 

An-ti-o'chi-a, or 

An-ti-o-chi'a* 29 
An'ti-och (Eng.) 
An-ti'o-chis 
An-ti'o-chus 
An-ti'o-pe 8 
An-ti-o'rus 
An-tip'a-ter 
An-ti-pa'tri-a 
An-ti-pat'ri-das 
An-tip'a-tris 
An-tiph'a-nes 
An-tiph'a-tes 
An-tiph'i-lus 
An'ti-phon 
An-tiph'o-nus 
An'ti-phus 
An-ti-poe'nus 5 
An-tip'o-lis 
An-tis'sa 
An-tis'the-nes 
An-tis'ti-us 
Ari-tith'e-us 
An'ti-um 10 
An-tom'e-nes 
An-to'ni-a 
An-ti»'ni-i 3 4 
An-to-ni'na 
An-to-ni'nus 
An-to-ni-op'o-lis 
An-to'ni us, M. 
An-tor'i-des 
A-nu'bis 
An'xi-us 
An'xur 
An'y-ta 
An'y-tus 
An-za'be 8 
A-ob'ri-ga 
A-ol'li-u3 
A'on 
A'o-nes 
A-o'ris 
A-or'nos 



AP 

A-o'ti 

A-pa'Ftae 

A-pa'ma 7 

A-pa'me 8 

Ap-a-me'a 

Ap-a-mi'a 

A-par'ni 

Ap-a-tu'ri-a 

Ap-e-au'ros 

A-pel'Ia 

A-pel'ies 

A-pel'li-con 

Ap-en-ni'nus 

A'per 

Ap-e-r. Vpi-a 

Ap'e-su s 

Aph'a-« I 

A-phsB'a 

A'phar 

Ap.h-a-re'.Ti3 

Aph-a-re'u ^ 

A'phas 1 

A-phel'las 

Aph'e-sas 

Aph'e-tae 

Aph'i-das 4 

A-phid'na 

A-phid'nu3 

Aph-oe-be'tu3 

A-phri'ces 1 

Aph-ro-dis'i-a 

Aph-ro-di'sum 1 

Aph-ro-di'te 8 

A-phy'te 8 

A'pi-a 14 7 

A-pi-a'nus 

Ap-i-ca'ta 

A-pic'i-us 24 

A-pid'a-nus 

Ap'i-na 

A-pi'o-la 

A'pi-on 1 

A'pis 

A-pit'i-iis 24 

A-pol-li-na'res 

A-pol-li-na'ris 

Ap-ol-]in'i-de3 

A-pol'li-ni3 

A-pol'lo 

Ap-ol-loc'ra-tes 

A pol-lo-do'rus 

Ap-ol-lo'ni-a 

Ap-ol-lo'ni-as 

A-pol-lo-ai'a-des 

Ap-ol-lon'i-des 

Ap-oI-lo'ni-u3 

Ap-ol-loph'a-ne3 

A-po-my-i'o3 

A-po-ni-a'na 7 

A-po'ni-us, ]M, 

Ap'o-nus 

Ap-os-tro'phi-a 

A-poth-e-O'sisf 

Ap-o-the' o-sis 

Ap'pi-a Vi'a 

Ap-pi'a-des 

Ap-pi-a'nus 

Ap'pi-i Fo'rum 

Ap'pi-us 

Ap'pu-la 

A'pri-es 

A'pri-us 

Ap-sin'thi-i 4 



AR 

Ap'si-pus 

Ap'te-ra 20 

Ap-u-le'i-a 

Ap-u-le'i-U3 

A-pu'li-a 

Ap-u-sid'a-mus 

A-qua'ri-iis 

Aq-ui-la'ri-a 

Aq-ui-le'i-a 

A-quil'i-us 

A-quil'li-a 

Aq'ui-Io 

Aq-ui-lo'ni-a 

A-quin'i-us 

A-qui'num 

Aq-ui-ta'ni-a 

A'ra 17 

Ar-a-bar'ches 

Ar-a'bi-a 

A-rab'i-cu9 

Ar'a-bis 

Ar'abs 

Ar'a-bus 

A-rac'ca, or 
A-rec'ca 

A-rach'ne 

Ar-a-cho'si-a 

Ar-a-cho'tae 

Ar-a-cho'ti 

A-rac'thi-as 

Ar-a-cil'lum 

Ar-a-co'si-i 4 

Ar-a-cyn'thus 4 

Ar'a-dus 

A'rffi 17 

A'rar 17 

Ar'a-rus 

Ar-a-thyr'e-a 

A-ra'tus 

A-rax'es 

Ar-ba'ces, or Ar'ba-ces| 
Ar-be'la 

Ar'be-Ia$ 

Ar'bis 

Ar-bo-ca'la 

Ar-bus'cu-la 

Ar-ca'di-a 

Ar-ca'di-us 

Ar-ca'num 

Ar'cas 

Ar'ce-na 

Ar'cens 

Ar-ces-i-Ia'u3 

Ar-ce'si-us 10 

Ar-chae'a 

Ar-chaB''a-nax 

Ar-chse-at'i-daa 

Arch-ag'a-thus 

Ar-chan'der 

Ar-chan'dros 

Ar'che 12 

Ar-cheg'e-tes 24 

Ar-che-la'us 

Ar-chem'a-chus 

Ar-chem'o-rus 

Ar-chep'o-lis 

Ar-chep-tol'e-mus 

Ar-ches'tra-tus 

Ar-che-ti'mus 

Ar-che'ti-us 10 

Ar'chi-a 

Ar'chi-as 

Ar-chi-bi'a-des 4 



AR 

Ar-chib'i-us 
Ar-chi-da'mi-a 29 
Ar-chi-da'mus,|| or 

Ar-chid'a-mus 
Ar'chi-das 
j Ar-chi-de'mus 
Ar-chi-de'us 
Ar-chid'i-um 
Ar-chi-gal'lu3 
Ar-chig'e-nes 
Ar-chil'o-cus 
Ar-chi-me'des 
Ar-chi'nus 
Ar-chi-pel'a-gu8 
Ar-chip'o-lis 
Ar-chip'pe 
Ar chip' pus 
Ar-chi'tis 
Ar'chon 
Ar-chon'tes 
Ar'chy-lus 6 
Ar'chy-tas 
Arc-ti'nus 
Arc-toph'y-Iax 
Arc'tos 
Arc-to'us 
Arc-tu'rus 
Ar'da-lu3 
Ar-da'ni-a 
Ar-dax-a'nu8 
Ar'de-a 
Ar-de-a'tes 
Ar-de-ric'ca 
Ar-di-se'i 4 
Ar-do'ne-a 
Ar-du-en'na 
Ar-du-i'ne 
Ar-dy-en'ses 
Ar'dys 
A-re-ac'i-d<e 
A-re'a 
A're-as 
A-reg'o-nis 
Ar-e-latum 
A-rel'li-us 
Ar-e-mor'i-ca 
A're 
A-re'ne 
A-ren'a-cum 
Ar-e-op-a-gi'tae 
Ar-e-op'a-guslT 
A-res'tffi 
A-res'tha-nas 
A-res-tor'i-des 
A're-ta 
Ar-e-tffi'us 
Ar-e-taph'i-la 
Ar-e-ta'Ies 
A-re'te 
A-re'tes 
Ar-e-thu'sa 
Ar-e-ti'num 
Are-tus 
A 're-US 
Ar-gae'us 
Ar'ga-lus 
Ar-gath'o-na 
Ai--ga-tho'ni-us 
Ar'ge 9 
Ar-ge'a 
Ar-ge-a'tha3 
Ar-gen'num 
Ar'ges 



AR 

IAr-ges'tra-tu3 
Ar-ge'us 
jAr'gi 9 3 
' Ar-gi'a 

Ar'gi-as 

Ar-gi-Ie'tum 

Ar-gil'i-us 

Ar-gil'Iu9 

Ar'gi-lus 

Ar-gi-nu'ssB 

Ar-gi'o-pe 

Ar-gi-phon'tes 

Ar-gip'pe-i 3 

Ar-gi'va 

Ar-gi'vi 3 

Ar' gives** (Eng., 

Ar'gi-us 

Ar'go 

Ar-gol'i-cu8 

Ar'go-lis 

Ar'gon 

Ar-go-nau't8B 

Ar-go'us 

Ar'gus 

Ar-gyn'ni3 

Ar-gy'ra 

Ar-gy-ras'pi-des 

Ar'gy-re 

Ar-gyr'i-pa 

A'ri-a 

A-ri-adne 
A-ri-ae'us 
A-ri-a'ni, or 

A-ri-e'ni 
A-ri-am'nes 
A-ri an'tas 
A-ri-a-ra'thes 
Ar-ib-bffi'us 5 
A-ric'i-a 24 
Ar-i-ci'na 
Ar-i-dae'us 
A-ri-e'nis 
Ar-i-gEe'um 
A-ri'i 4 
Ar'i-ma 
Ar-i-mas'pi 3 
Ar-i-mas'pi-a^ 
Ar-i-mas'thse 
Ai-i-ma'zes 
Ar'i-mi 3 
A-rim'i-num 
A-rira'i-nus 
Ar-im-phae'i 
Ar'i-mus 
A-ri-o-bar-za'i*»»B 
A-ri-o-maa'd#« 
A-ri-o-mar'dus 
A-ri-o-me'dea 
A-ri 'on 28 
A-ri-o-vis'tus 21 
A'ris 
A-ris'ba 
Ar-is-taen'e-tus 
Ar-is-tse'um 
Ar-is-tae'us 
Ar-is-tag'o-ras 
Ar-is-tan'der 
Ar-is-tan'dros 
Ar-is-tar'che 
Ar-is-tar'chus 
Ar-is-ta-za'nes 

ris'te-as 
A-ris'te-rae 



*Antiochia. — For words of this termination, see Iphige- 
KiA, and No. 30 of the Rules prefixed to this Vocabulary. 

■\ Apotheosis. — When we are reading Latin or Greek, this 
word ought to have the accent on the penultimate syllable ; 
but :n pronouncing English, we should accent the antepenulti- 
mate : 

Allots the prince of his celestial line 
An apotheosis and rites divine. — Garth. 

^Arbaces. — Lempriere, Gouldman, Gesner, and Littleton, 
accent this word on the first syllable, but Ainsworth and Hol- 
yoke on the second ; and this is so much more agreeable to an 
English ear, that I should prefer it, though I have, out of re- 
spect to authorities, inserted the other, that the reader may 
choose which he pleases. Labbe has not got this word. 

§ Arbela, the city of Assyria, where the decisive battle was 
fought between Alexander and Darius, and the city in Pales- 
tine of that name, have the accent on the penultimate ; but 
Arbela, a town in Sicily, has the accent on the antepenulti- 
mnte syllable. 

\\Archidamus. — Ainsworth, GouWman, Littleton, and Hol- 



yoke, place the accent on the antepenultimate syllable of this 
word, but Lempriere and Labbe on the penultimate. I have 
followed Lempriere and Labbe, though, in my opinion, wrong ; 
for, as every word of this termination has the antepenultimate 
accent, as Polydamas, Theodamas, &c. , I know not why this 
should be different. Though Labbe tells us, that the learned 
are of his opinion. 

V AreopagTis. — Labbe tells us, that the penultimate syllable 
of this word is beyond all controversy short — quidquid nonnulh 
in tanta luce etiamnum caecutiant.— Some of these blind men 
are, Gouldman, Holyoke and LJ<^tleton ; — but Lempriere and 
Ainsworth, the best authorities, agree with Labbe. 

**Ar gives. — I have observed a strong propensity in school- 
boys to pronounce the g in these words hard, as in the English 
word give. This is, undoubtedly, because their masters do so • 
and they will tell us, that the Greek gamma should always be 
pronounced hard in the words from that language. What 
then, must we alter that long catalogue of words where this 
letter occurs, as in Genesis, genius, Diogenes, ^gyptus, &.c . 
— The Question answ«rs itself. 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



965 



AR 

A-ris'te-us 

A-ris'the-ne3 

A-ris'thus 

Ar-is-ti'bu3 

Ar-is-ti'des 

Ar-is-tip'pug 

A-ris'ti-ua 

A-ris'ton 

Ar-is-to-bu'la 

Ar-is-to-bu'lus* 

Ar-is-to-cle'a 

A-ris'to-cles 

A-ris-to-cli'des 

Ar-is-toc'ra-les 

Ar-is-to'ere-on 

Ar-is-toc'ri-tus 

A-ris-to-de'mus 

Ar-is-tog'e-nes 

Ar-is-to-gi'ton 

Ar-is-to-la'u3 

Ar-is-tom'a-che 

Ar-is-tom' a-chu3 

Ar-is-to-me'des 

Ar-is-tom'e-nes 

A-ris-to-nauHa 

Ar-is-to-ni'cus 

A-ris'to-nus 

Ar-is-ton'i-de3 

Ar-is-ton'y-mus 

Ar-is-toph'a-nes 

A-ris-to-phi-li'des 

A-ris'to-phon 

A-ris'tor 

Ar-is-tor'i-des 

Ar-is-tot'e-les 

Ar'is-to-tle (Eng.) 

Ar-is-to-ti'mus 

Ar-is-toxe-nus 

A-ris'tus 

Ar-is-tyl; lu3 

A'ri-U3 
Ar'me-nes 

Ar-me'ni-a 

Ar-men-ta'ri-us 

Ar-mil'la-tus 

Ar-mi-lus'tri-um 

Ar-min'i-u3 

Ar-mor'i-cae 

Ar'ne 8 

Ar'ni 3 

Ar-no'bi-U3 

Ar'nu3 

Ar'o-a 

Ar'o-ma 

Ar'pa-ni 

Ar'pi 3 

Ar-pi'num 

Ax-Ts'i 3 

Ar-rah-bae'us 

Ar'ri-a 

Ar-ri-a'nu3 

Ar'ri-U3 

Ar-run'ti-us 10 

Ar-sa'bes 

Ar-sa'ces, orAr'sa-cesf 

Ar-sac'i-dae 

Ar-sam'e-nes 

Ar-sam'e-tes 

Ar-sam-o-sa'ta 

Ar-sa'nes 

Ar-sa'ni-as 

Ar-se'na 

Ar'ses 

Ar'si-a 

Ar-si-d8B'u3 

Ar-sin'o-e 

Ar-ta-ba'nus 

Ar-ta-ba'zus 

Ar'ta-bri 3 

Ar-ta-bri'tae 

Ar-ta-cEe'as 

Ar-ta-cee'na 

Ar'ta-ce 



AS 
Ar-ta-ce'ne 
Ar-ta'ci-a 
Ar-tBe'i 3 
Ar-tag'e-ras 
Ar-ta-ger'se9 
Ar-ta'ncs 
Ar-ta-pher'nes 
Ar-ta'tus 
Ar-ta-vas'des 
Ar-tax'a 
Ar-tax'a-ta 
Ar-ta-xerx'es 
Ar-tax i-as 
Ar-ta-yc'te3 
Ar-ta-yn'ta 
Ar-ta-yn'tes 
Ar-tem-ba'res 
Ar-tem-i-do'rus 
Ar'te-misJ 
Ar-te-mis'i-a 11 
Ar-te-mis'i-um 
Ar-te-mi'ta$ 
Ar'te-mon 
Artli'mi-U3 
Ar-te'na 
Ar-tim'pa-sa 
Ar-to-bar-za'ne3 
Ar-toch'mes 
Ar-to'na 
Ar-ton'tea 
Ar-to'ni-us 
Ar-tox'a-res 
Ar-tu'ri-u3 
Ar-ty'nes 
Ar-tyn'i-a 
Ar-tys'to-na 
Ar'u-ee 
A-ru'ci 
A-ru'e-ris 
A' runs 1 
A-run'ti-us 10 
Ar-u-pi'nus 
Ar-va'les 
Ar-ver'ni 
Ar-vir'a-gus 
Ar-vis'i-um 
Ar-vi'sus 
Arx'a-ta 
Ar-y-an'des 
Ar'y-bas 
Ar-yp-tae'us 

A-san'der 

As-ba-me'a 

As-bes'taB 

As'bo-lus 

As-bvs'taB 

As-cal'a-phus 

As'ca-lon 

As-ca'ni-a 

As-ca'ni-us 

As-ci'i 3 

As-cle'pi-a 

A3-cle-pi'a-de3 

As-cle-pi-o-do 'rus 

As-cle-pi-o-do'tus 

As-cle'pi-us 

As-cle-ta'ri-on 

As'clus 

As-co'li-a 

As-co'ni-us La'be-o 

As'cra 

As'cu-lum 

As'dru-bal 

A-sel'li-o 

A'si-a 10 11 

A-si-at'i-cus 

A-si'las 

As-i na'ri-a 

As-i-na'ri-us 

As'i-na 

As'i-ne 

As'i-nes 
lA-sin-i-us Gal'lus 



AT 

A'si-us 11 

As-na'us 

A-so phis 

A-so'pi-a 

As-o-pi'a-des 

A-so'pis 

A-30'pU3 

As-pam'i-thres 

As-pa-ra'gi-um 

As-pa'si-a 11 

As-pa-si'rus 

As-pas'tes 

As-pa-thi'nes 

As-pia'du3 

As'pis 

As-ple'don 

As-po-re'nus 4 

As'sa 

As-sa-bi'nus 

As-sar'a-cus 

As-se-ri'ni 3 

As''so-rus 

As'sos 

As-syr'i-a 

As'ta 

As-ta-ccE'ni 5 

As'ta-cus 

As'ta-pa 

As'ta-pus 

As-tar'te 8 

As'ter 

As-te'ri-a 

As-te'ri-on 

As-te'ri-us 

As-te-ro'di-a 

As-ter-o-pae'u3 

As-ter'o-pe 

As-le-ro'pe-a 

As-ter-u'si-us 11 

As-tin'o-me 

As-ti'o-chus 

As'to-mi 3 

As-tree'a 

As-trje'us 

As'tu 

As'tur 

As'tu-ra 

As'tu-rea 

As-ty'a-ge 

As-ty'a-ges 

As-ty'a-lus 

As-ty'a-nax 

As-ty-cra'ti-a 10 

As-tyd'a-mas 

As-ty-da-mi'a 30 

As'ty-lus 

As-tym-e-du'sa 

As-tyn'o-me 

As-tyn'o-mi 

As-tyn'o-us 

As-ty'o-che 

As-ty-o-chi'a 30 

As-ty-pa-lae'a 

As-typh'i-lu3 

As-ty'ron 

As'y-chis 

A-sy'las 

A-syl'lus 

A-tab'u-lug 

At-a-by'ris 

At-a-by-ri'te 6 

At'a-ce 8 

At-a-lan'ta 

At-a-ran'tes 

A-tar'be-chis 11 

A-tar'ga-tis 

A-tar'ne-a 

A'tas, and A'thaa 

A'tax 

A''te 8 

A-tel'la 
. At'e-na 
I At-e-no-ma'rus 



AU 

Ath-a ma'nes 

Ath'a-mas 

Ath-a-man-ti'a-de3 

Ath-a-na^si-us 10 

Ath'a-nis 

A'the-as 

A-the'na 

A-the'nae 8 

Ath-e-nae'a 

Ath-e-nae'um 

Ath-e-nae'us 

Ath-e-nag'o-ras 

Ath-e'na-is 

A-the-ni-on 

A-then'o-cles 

Ath-en-o-do'riis 

A'the-os 

Ath'e-sis 

A'thos 1 

Ath-rul'la 

A-thym'bra 

A-ti'a 11 

A-til'i-a 

A-til'i-ua 

A-til'la 

A-ti'na 

A-ti'nas 

A-tin'i-a 

At-lan'tes 

At-lan-ti'a-des 

At-lan'ti-des 

At'las 

A-tos'sa 

At'ra-ces 

At-ra-myt'ti-um 

At'ra-pes 

A'trax 1 

At-re-ba'tee 

At-re-ba'tesIT 

At-re'ni 

At're-us 

A-tri'dse 

A-tri'des 

A-lro'ni-us 

At-ropa-te'ne 

At-ro-pa'ti-a 11 

At'ro-pos 19 

At'ta 

At-ta'li-a 

At'ta-lus 

At-tar'ras 

At-te'i-us Cap'i-to 

At'tes 

At'tbis 

At'ti-ca 

At'ti-cus 

At-ti-da'tes 

At'ti-la 

At-til'i-us 

At-ti'nas 

At'ti-us Pe-lig'nus 

At-u-at'i-ci 4 

A'tu-bi 3 

A-ty'a-dae 

A'tys 1 

Au-fe'i-a a'qua 

Au-fi-de'na 

Au-fid'i-a 

Au-fid'i-us 

Au'fi-dus 

Au'ga, and Au'ge 

Au-ge'a 

Au'ga-ru3 

Au'ge-JB 

Au'gi-as, and Au'gi 

Au'gi-lffi 

Au-gi'nus 

Au'gu-res 

Au-gus'ta 

Au-gus-ta'li-a 

Au-gus-ti'nus 

Au-gus'tin (Eng.) 

Au-gus'tu-lu3 



BA 

Au-gus'tu8 

Au-les'tes 

Au-le'tes 

Au'lis 

Au'lon 

Au-lo'ni-u3 

Au'lus 

Au'ras 

Au-re'li-a 

Au-re-li-a'nus 

Au-n-e'li-an (Eng ) 

Au-re'li-as 

Au-re'o-lus 

Avi-ri'go 

Au-rin'i-e, 

Au-ro'ra 

Au-run'ce 8 

Au-run-cu-le'i-U3 

Aus-chi'sse 12 

Aus'ci 3 

Au'ser 

Au'se-ris 

Au'ses 

Au'son 

Au-so'ni-a 

Au-so'ni-us 

Au''3pi-ces 

Aus'ter 

Aus-te'si-on 

Au-to-bu'lu3, or 

At-a-bu'lu3 
Au-ta-ni'tis 
Au-toch'tbo-nes 
Au'to-cles 

Au-toc'ra-t6S 

Au-to-cre'ne 8 

Au-tol'o-lffi 

Au-tol'y-cu3 

Au-tom'a-te 

Au-tom'e-don 

Au-tome-du'sa 

Au-tom'e-nes 

Au-tom'o-li 

Au-ton'o-e 

Au-toph-ra-da'tes 

Au-xc'si-a 1] 

Av-a-rik;mn 

A-vel'la 

Av-en-ti'nus 

A-ver'nus, or A-ver'na 

A-vea'ta 

A-vid-i-e'nus 

A-vid'i-u3 Cas'si-us 

Av-i-e'nua 

A'vi-um 

Ax'e-nus 

Ax-i'o-chus 

Ax-i'on 29 

Ax-i-o-ni'cu3 30 

Ax-i-o'te-a 

Ax-i-o'the-a 

Ax'i-us 

Ax'ur, and An'xur 

Ax'us 

A'zan 1 

A-zi'ris 

Az'o-nax 

A-zo'ru3 H 

A-zo'tus 



B. 

BA-BIL'I-US 

Eab'i-lu3 

Bab'y-lon 

Bab-y-lo'ni-a 

Bab-y-lo'ni-i 4 

Ba-byr'sa 

Ba-byt'a-ce 

Bac-a-ba'su3 

Bac'chse 



* Aristob'ulus, Perry. 

t Arsaces. — Gouldman, Lempriere, Holyoke, and Labbe, 
accent this word on the first syllable, and unquestionably not 
without classical authority ; but Ainsworth, and a still great- 
er authority, general usage, have, in my opinion, determined 
the accent of this word on the second syllable, 
t Artemis. — 

" The sisters to Apollo tune their voice, 
And, Artemis, to thee, whom darts rejoice." 

Cooke's Hesiod. Theog. v. 17. 



§ ./3rte77ii«a.— Ainsworth places the accent on the antepe- 
nultimate syllable of this word ; but Lempriere, Gouldman, 
and Holyoke, more correctly, in my opinion, on the penulti- 
mate. 

TT Atrehates. — Ainsworth accents this word on the antepe 
nultimate syllable ; but Lempriere, Gouldman, Holyoke, and 
Labbe, on the penultimate ; and this is. in my opinion, the 
better pronunciation. 



956 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



BA 

Bac-cha-na'li-a 

Bac-chan'tea 

Bdc'chi 3 

Bac-chi'a-dae 

Bac'chi-des 

Bac'chis 

Bac'chi-am 

Bac'chi-oa 

Bac'chus 

Bac-chyl'i-des 

Ba-ce'nis 

Ba'cis 

Bac'tra 

Bac'tri, and 

Bac-tri-a'ni 4 
Bac tri-a'na 
Bac'troa 
Bad'a-ca 
Ba'di-a 
Ba'di-ug 
Bad-u-hen'nae 
Bae'bi-us, M. 
Bffi'tis 
Bae'ton 
Ba-gis'ta-me 
Ba-gis'ta-nes 
Ba-go'as, and Ba-go'sas 
Bag-o-da'res 
Ba-goph'a-ues 
Bag'ra-da 
Ba'i-se 
Ba'la 
Ba-]a'cru3 
Bal-a-na-'grae 
Ba-la'nus 
Ba-la'ri 
Bal-bil'lu3 
Ba]-bi'nu3 
Bal'bus 
Bal-e-a'reg 
Ba-lo'tus 
Ba'li-us 
Ba-lis'ta 
Bal-Ion'o-ti 3 
Ba]-ven'ti-us 10 
Bal'y-ras 
Bam-u-ru'se 
Ban'ti-ae 4 
Ban'ti-us, L. 10 
Baph'y-ru3 6 
Bap'tse 
Ba-rse'i 
Bar'a-thrum 
Bar'ba-ri 
Bar-ba'ri-a 
Bar-bos 'the-nes 
Bar-byth'a-ce 
Barca 

Bar-cae'i, or Bar'ci-tEe 
Bar ce 
Bar'cha 
Bar-daB'i 
Bar'di 
Bar-dyl'lis 
Ba-re'a 

Ba're-as So-ra'nus 
Ba'res 

Bar-gu'si-i 3 
Ba-ri'ne 
Ba-ris'ses 
Ba-ri-um 
Bar'nu-113 

Bar-si'ne, and Bar-se'ne 
Bar-za-en'tes 
Bar-za'nes 
Bas-i-le'a 
Bas-i-li'dae 
Bas-i-Iides 
Ba-sil-i-o-pot a-mos 
Bas'i-lis 
Ba-sil'i-us 31 
Bas'i-lus 
Bas'sae 
Bas-sa'ni-a 
Bas-sa're-us 



BE 

Bas'sa-ris 
Bas'sus Aa-fid'i-U8 
Bas-tar'nse, and 

Bas-ler'nae 
Bas'ti-a 
Ba'ta 
Ba-taM 
Ba'thos 
Bath'y-cles 
ba-thyl'lu3 
Bat-i-a'tus 
Ba'ti-a 11 

Ba-ti'na, and Ban-ti'na 
Ba'tis 
Ba'to 
Ba'ton 
Bat-ra-cho-my-o-raach'- 

i-a 
Bat-ti'a-des 
Bat'tis 
Bat'tus 
Bat'u-lum 
Bat'u-lus 
Ba-tyl'lus 
Bau'bo 
Bau'cis 
Bau'li 3 
Ba'vi-us 
Baz-a-en'tes 
Ba-za'ri-a 
Be'bi-us 
Be-bri'a-cum 
Beb'ry-ce 6 
Beb'ry-ces, and 

Be-bryc'i-i 4 
Be-bryc i-a 
Bel-e-mi'na 
Bel-e-phan'tes 
Bel'e-sis 
Bel'gffi 
Bel'gi-ca 
PeJ'gi-um 
Bel'gi-us 
BeVi-des, plural 
Be-li'des, singular 
Be-lis'a-ma 
Bel-i-sa'ri-us 
Bel-is- ti'da 
Bel'i-tae 
Bel-ler'o-phon 
Bel-le'rus* 
Bel-li-e'nus 
Bel-lo'na 
Bel-lo-na'ri-i 4 
Bel-lov'a-ci 
Bel-lo-vc'su3 
Be 'Ion 
Be'lus 
Be-na'cus 
Ben'dis 

Ben-e-did'i-um 
Ben-e-ven'tam 
Ben-the-sic'y-me 
Be-pol-i-ta'nus 
Ber'bi-cee 
Ber-e-cyn'thi-a 
Ber-e-ni'co 30 
Ber-e-ni cis 
Ber'gi-on 
Ber-gis'ta-ni 
Ee'ris, and Ba'ris 
Ber 'mi-US 
Ber'o-e 
Be-roe'a 
Ber-o-ni'ce 30 
Be-ro'sus 
Bcr-rhoe'a 
Be'sa 
Be-sid'i-ae 
Be-sip'po 
Bes'si 3 
Bes'sus 
Bes'ti-a 
Be 'tis 
Be-tu'ri-a 



BO 

Bi'a 

Bi-a'norf 

Bi'as 

Bi-bac'u-lu3 

Bib'a-ga 

Bib'li-a, and Bil'li-a 

Bib'Iis 

Bib-li'na 

Bib'lus 

Bi-brac'te 

Bib'u-lus 

Bi'ces 

Bi'con 

Bi-cor'ni-ger 

Bi-cor'nis 

Bi-for'mig 

Bi'frons 

Bil'bi-.is 

Bi-ma'ter 

Bin'gi-nm 

Bi'on 

Bir'rhus 

Bi-sal'ts 

Bi-sal'tes 

Bi-sal'tis 

Bi-san'the 

Bis ton 

Bis'to-nia 

Bi'thus 

Bith'y-ae 

Bi-thyn'i-a 

Bit'i-as 

Bi'toa 

Bi-tu'i-tua 

Bi-tun'tum 

Bi-tur'i-ges 

Bi-tur'i-cum 

Biz 'i-a 

Blae'ua 

Bte'si-i 4 

Blaj'sus 

Blan-de-no na 

Blan-du'si-a 

Blas-to-pbce-ni'ces 

Blem'my-es 

Ble-ni'na 

Blit'i-us 10 

Bla'ci-um 10 

Bo-a-dic'e-a 

Bo'ffi, and Bo'e a 

Bo-a'gri-us 

Bo-ca'li-as 

Boc'car 

Boc'cho-ris 

Eoc'chus 

Bo-du'ni 

Bo-du-ag-na'tus 

Boe-be'is 

Bae'bi-a 

Bo-e-dro'mi-a 

Boe-o-tar'chse 

BcB-o'ti-a 

Bce-o'tus 

Bce-or-o-bis'tas 

Bo-e'thi-us 

Bo'e-tus 

Bo'e-us 

Bo'ges 

Bo'gud 

Bo'gus 

Bo'i-i 3 

Bo-joc'a-lus 

Bo'la 

Bol'be 

Bol-bi-ti'num 

Bol'gi-us 

Bo-ii'na 

Bol-i-nae'us 

Bo-lis'sus 

Bol-la'nu3 

Bo'lu3 

Bom-i-en'ses 

Bo-mil 'car 

Bom-o-ni'cse 30 

Bo-no'ni-a 



BU 

Bo-no'si-u3 

Bo-no' zhe-ais 

Bo-o-su'ra 

Bo-o'tes 

Bo-o'tus, and Boe'o-tus 

Bo're-a 

Bo-re'a-des 

Bo're-as 

Bo-re-as'mi 3 

Bo're-us 

Bor'ges 

Bor-go'di 

Bor'nos 

Bor-sip'pa 

Bo'rus 

Bo-rys'the-nes 

Bos'pho-rus 

Bot'ti-a 

Bot-ti-ae'is 

Bo-vi-a'num 

Bo-WrisB 

Braf'h-ma'nes 

Brae'si-a 

Bran-chi'a-des 

Bran'chi-diE 

Bran-chyl'li-des 

Bra'si-ae 

Bras'i-das 

Bras-i-de'i-a 

Bran're 

Brau'ron 

Bren^ni, and Breu'ni 

Bren'nus 

Bren'the 

Bres'ci-a 

Bret'ti-i 3 

Bri-a're-us 

Bri'as 

Bri-gan'tes 

Brig-an-ti'nus 

Bri'mo 

Bri-se'is 

Bri'ses 

Bri-se'us 

Bri-tan'ni 

Bri-tan'ni-a 

Bri-tan'ni-cus 30 

Brit-o-mar'tis 

Brit-o-ma'rus 

Brit'o-nes| 

Brix-el'Ium 

Brix'i-a 

Bri'zo 

Broc-u-be'lus 

Bro'mi-us 

Bro'mus 

Bron'tes 

Bron-ti'nus 

Bro'te-as 

Bro'tbe-u* 

Bruc'te-ri 4 

Bru-ma'li-a 

Brun-du''5i-um 

Bru-tid'i-us 

Bru'ti-i 4 

Bru'tu-lu3 

Bru'tus 

Bry'as 

Bry-ax'is 

Bry'ce 

Brv'ges 

Bry'gi 3 5 

Bry'se-a 

Bu-ba-ce'ne 

Bu-ba'ces 

Bu'ba-ris 

Bu-bas-ti'a-cus 

Bu'ba-sus 

Bu'bon 

Bu-ceph'a-la 

Bu-ceph'a-Ius 

Bu-col'i-ca 

Bu-col'i-cum 

Bu-co'li-on 

Bu'co-lus 



CiE 

Bu'di-i 3 

Bu-di'ni 3 

Bu-do'rum 

Bu'lis 

Bul-la'ti-u3 10 

Bu'ne-a 

Bu'nus 

Bu'po-lus 

Bu'pha-gns 

Bu-pho'ni-a 

Bu-pra'si-um 

Bu'ra 

Bu-ra'i-cus 

Bur'rhus 

Bur'sa 

Bur'si-a 

Bu'ssB 

Bu-si'ria 

Bu'ta 

Bu'te-o 

Bu'tes 

Bu-thro'tum 

Bu-thjT:'e-u3 

Bu'to-a 

Bu'tos 

Bu-tor'i-des 

Bu-tun'tum 

Bu'tus 

Bu-zy'ges 

Byb-^le'si-a, anj 

By-bas'si-a 
Byb'li-a 
Byb'li-i 4 
Byb'lis 
Byl-li'o-nes 
Byr'rhus 
Byr'sa 
By-za'ci-um 
Byz-an-ti'a-cus 
By-zan'ti-um 
By'zas 
By-ze'nus 
Byz'e-res 
Byz'i-a 



CA-AN'THUS 

Cab'a-des 20 

Cab'a-les 20 

Ca-bal'i-i 4 

Cab-al-11'num 

Cab-a-li'nus 

Ca-bar'nos 

Ca-bas'sus 

Ca-bel'li-o 4 

Ca-bi'ra 

Ca-bi'ri 3 

Ca-bir'i-a 

Ca-bu'ra 7 

Cab'u-rus 20 

Ca'ca 

Cach'a-les 20 

Ca'cus 

Ca-cu'this 

Ca-cyp'a-ria 

Ca'di 3 

Cad-me'a 

Cad-me'is 

Cad'mus 

Ca'dra 7 

Ca-du'ce-us 10 

Ca-dur'ci 3 

Ca-dus'ci 

Cad'y-tis 

Cge'a 7 

Cae'ci-as 10 

Cae-cil'i-a 

Cae-cil-i-a'nus 

Cae-cil'i-i 4 

Cae-cil'i-us 

CBBC'i-luS 

Cae-ci'na Tus'cus 



'^ BeUerus. — All our lexicographers unite in giving this 
word the antepenultimate accent : but Milton seems to have 
sanctioned the penultimate, as much more agreeable to Eng- 
lish ears, in his Lycidas ; 

" Or whether thou, to our moist vows denied, 
Sleep'st by the fable of Bellenis old." 
Though it must be acknowledged that Milton has in this word 
cUsscrted the classical pronunciation, yet his authority is suffi- 



cient to make us acquiesce in his accentuatiou in the above* 

mentioned passage. 

t Bianor. — Lempriere accents this word on the first sylla- 
ble ; but Labbe, Ainsworth, Gouldman, and Holyoke, on the 
second ; and these agi-ee with Virgil, Eel. ix. v. 60. 

X Britones. — Labbe tells us that this word is sometimes 
pronounced with the penultimate accent, but more frequently 
with the anteoenultimate. 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



957 



10 



CA 

C«9c'u-bum 

C»c'u-lus 

CsB-dic'i-^us 

Cse'li-a 

CsB'li-ua 

Csem'a-ro 

Cae'ne 

Cffi'ne-us 

Caen'i-des 

Caj-ni'na 

Cae'nis 

CsB-not'ro-pEB 

Cae'pi-o 

Cae-ra'tus 

Cae're, or Cae'res 

Oasr'e-si 3 

Cae'sar 

Caes-a-re'a 

Cao-sa'ri-on 



Ose-sen'ni-as 

Cae-ce'ti-iis 10 

CEB'si-a 10 

Cae'si-us 10 

Csb'so 

CEB-so'ni-a 

CaB-so'ni-us 

Cset'o-brix 

Cast'u-lum 

Cse'yx 

Ca-ga'co 

Ca-i-ci'nus 

Ca-i'cu3 

Ca-i-e'ta 

Ca'i-us, and Ca'i-i 

Ca'i-us 

Cal'ab-er, Q,. 

Ca-la'bri-a 

Cal'a-brus 

Cal-a-gur-rit'a-ni 

Cal'a-is 

Ca-lag'u-tis 

Cal'a-mis 20 

Cal-a-mi'sa 

Cal'a-mos 

Cal'a-mus 20 

Ca-la'nus 

Cal'a-on 

Cal'a-ris 

Cai-a-tha'na 

Ca-la'thi-on 

Cal'a-thus 

Cal'a-tes 20 

Ca-la'ti-a 

Ca-la'ti-ae 10 

Cal-au-re'a, and 

Cal-au-ri'a 
Ca-]a'vi-i 4 
Ca-la'vi-us 
CaPbis 
Cal'ce 
Cal'chas 
Cal-che-do'ni-a 
Cal-chin'i-a 12 
Cal'dus Cae'li-us 
Ca'le 

Cal-e-do'ni-a 
Ca-le'nus 
Ca'les 

Ca-le'si-us 10 
Ca-le'tae 
Cal'e-tor 20 
Ca'lex 
Cal-i-ad'ne 
Cal-i-ce'ni 
Ca-lid'i-us, M. 
Ca-lig'u-la, C. 
Cal'i-pus 
Ca'lia 

Cal-Ian chrus 
Cal-la'i-ci 4 
Cal'las 
Cal-la-te'bus 
Cal-la-te'ri-a 
Cal-le'ni 
Ca]'li-a 
Cal-li'a-des 
Cal'li-as 
CaI-lib'i-U9 
Cal-li-ce'rus 



CA 

Cal-lich'o-rus 

Cal'li-cles 

Cal-li-co-lo'na 

Cal-lic'ra-tes 

Cal-lic-rat'i-das 

Cal-lid'i-us 

Cal-lid'ro-mus 

Cal-li-ge'tus 

Cal-lim'a-chus 12 

Cal-lim'e-don 

Cal-lim'e-des 

Cal-li'nus 

Cal-li'o-pe 8 

Cal-li-pa-ti'-ra 30 

Cal'li-phon 

Cal'li-phron 

Cal-lip'i-dsB 

Cal-lip'o-lis 

Cal'li-pus 

Cal-lip'y-ges 

Cal-Iir'ho-e 8 

Cal-lis'te 

Cal-lis-te'i-a 

Cal-iis'the-nes 

Cal-lis'io 

Cal-lis-to-ni'cus 

Cal-lis'tra-tus 

Cal-lix'e-na 

Cal-lix'e-nus 

Ca'lon 

Ca'lor 

Cal'pe 

Cal-phur'ni-a 

Oal-phur'ni-us 

Ca]-pur'ni-a 

Cal-u-sid'i-us 

Ca]-u si-um 10 

CaI'vi-a 

Cal-vi'na 

Cal-vis'i-us 10 

Cal'y-be 8 

Cal-y-cad'nus 

Cal'y-ce 8 

Ca-Iyd'i-um 

Ca-lyd'na 

Cal'y-don 6 

Cal-y-do'nis 

CaI-y-do'ni-u9 

Ca-lym'ne 

Ca-lyn'da 

Ca-lyp'so 

Ca-man'ti-um 10 

Cam-a-ri'na 

Cam-bau'les 

Cam'bes 

Cam'bre 

Cam-bu'ni-i 4 

Cam-by'ses 

Cana-^-la'ni 3 

Cam-e-li't8B 

Cam'e-ra 7 

Cam-e-ri'num, and 

Ca-me'ri-um 
Cam-e-ri'nas 
Ca-mer'ti-um 
Ca-mer'tes 
Ca-mil'la 

Ca-mil'li, and Ca-mil': 
Ca-mil'lus 
Ca-mi'ro 

Ca-mi'rus, andCa-mi' 
Cam-is-sa'res 
Cam'ma 
Ca-moe'nae 
Cam-pa'na Lex 
Cam-pa'ni-a 
Cam'pe 8 
Cam-pas 'pe 
Camp'sa 

Cam'pus Mar'ti-us 
Cara-u-lo-gi'nuB 
Ca'na 
Can'a-ce 
Can'a-che 12 
Can'a-chus 
Ca'nae 
Ca-na'ri-i 4 
Can'a-thus 
Can'da-ce* 
Can-dau'les 



CA 

Can-da'vi-a 

Can-di'o-pe 

Ca'nens 

Can-e-pho'ri-a 

Can'e-thum 

Ca-nic-u-la'res di'e 

Ca-nid'i-a 

Ca-nid'i-us 

Ca-nin-e-fa'tes 

Ca-nin'i-us 

Ca-nis'ti-us 10 

Ca'ni-us 

Can'nffi 

Ca-nop'i-cum 

Ca-no'pus 

Can'ta-bra 

Can'ta-bri 3 

Can-ta'bri-ae 4 

Can'tha-rus 20 

Can'thus 

Can'ti-um 10 

Can-u-ie'i-a 

Can-u-le'i-us 

Ca-nu'ii-a 

Ca-nu'si-um 10 

Ca-nu'si-us 

Ca-nu'ti-us 10 

Cap'a-neus, 3 syll. 

Ca-pel'la 

Ca-pe'na 

Ca-pe'nas 

Ca-pe'ni 3 

Ca'per 

Ca-pe'tus 

Ca-pha're-us 

Caph'y-ae 4 

Ca'pi-o 4 

Cap-is-se'ne 

(>ap'i-to 

Ca-pit-o-li'nu3 

Cap-i-to'li-um 

Cap-pa-do'ci-a 10 

Cap'pa-dox 

Ca-pra'ri-a 

Ca'pre-ae 

Cap-ri-cor'nus 

Cap-ri-fic-i-a'lis 

Ca-pri'na 

Ca-prip'e-des . 

Ca'pri-us 

Cap-ro-ti'na 

Ca'prus 

Cap'sa 

Cap'sa-ge 

Cap'u-a 

Ca'pys 

Ca'pys Syl'vi-us 

Car-a-bac'tra 

Car'a-bis 20 

Car-a-cal'la 

Ca-rac'a-tes 

Ca-rac'ta-cus' 

Ca'ra! 

Ca-rae'us 

Car'a-lis 

Car'a-nus 20 

Ca-rau'si-us 10 

Car 'bo 

Car-che'don 12 

Car-ci'nus 

Car-da'ces 

Car-dam 'y-le 

Car'di-a 

Car-du'chi 12 3 

Ca'res 

Car'e-sa 

Ca-res'sus 

Car-fin'i-a 

Ca'ri-a 

Ca'ri-as 

Ca-ri'a-te 

Ca-ri'na 

Ca-ri'nae 

Car'i-ne 

Ca-ri'nus 

Ca-ris'sa-num 

Ca-ris'tum 

Car-ma'ni-a 

Car-ma'nor 

Car'ine 



CA 

Car-me'Ius 
Car-men'ta, and 

Car-men'tis 
Car-men-ta'les 
Car-men-ta'lia 
Car'mi-des 6 20 
Car'na Car-din'e-a 
Car-na'si-us 10 
Car-ne'a-des 
Car-ne'i-a 
Car'ni-on 
Car'nus 
Car-nu'tes 
Car-pa'si-a 11 
Car-pa'si-um 11 
Car'pa-thus 
Car'pi-a 7 
Car'pis 
Car'po 

Car-poph'o-ra 
Car-poph'o-rus 
Car'rse, and Car'rhae 
Car-ri-na'tes 
Car-ru'ca 
Car-se'o-li 3 
Car-ta'li-as 
Car-the'a 
Car-tha-gin-i-en 'ses 
Car-tha'go 
Car'thage (Eng.) 
Car'tha-sia 
Car-le'i-a 
Ca'rus 
Car-vil'i-us 
Ca'17-a 6 7 
Car-y-a'ta8 
Car-y-a'tis 
Ca-rys'ti-us 
Ca-rys'tus 
Ca'ry-um 
Cas'ca 
Cas-cel'li-us 
Cas-i-Ii'num 
Ca-si'na Ca-si'num 
Ca'sj-us 10 
Cas'me-njB 
Cas-mil'la 
Cas-pe'ri-a 
Cas-per'u-la 
Cas-pi-a'na 
Cas'pi-i 4 
Cas'pi-um ma're 
Cas-san-da'ne 
Cas-san'der 
Cas-san'dra 
Cas-san'dri-a 
Cas'si-a 10 
Cas-si'o-pe 
Cas-si-o-pe'a 
Cas-si-ter'i-des 
Cas'si-U3, C. 10 
Cas-si-ve-lau'nus 
Cas-so'tis 
Cas-tab'a-la 
Cas'ta-bus 
Cas-ta'li-a 
Cas-ta'li-us fons 
Cas-to'lus 
Cas-ta'ne-a 
Cas-ti-a-ni'ra 
Cas'tor and Pol'lux 
Cas-tra'ti-us 10 
Cas'tu-lo 
Cat-a-du'pa 
Cat-a-men'te-les 
Cat'a-na 20 
Cat-a-o'ni-a 
Cat-a-rac'ta 
Cat'e-nes 
Ca-thae'a 
Cath'a-ri 3 
Ca'ti-a 11 
Ca-ti-e'na 
Ca-ti-e'nus 
Cat-i-li'na 
Cat'i-line (Eng.) 
Ca-til'li 3 

Ca-til'lus, or Cat'i-lus 
Ca-ti'na 
Ca'ti-us 10 



CE 

Cat'i-zi 3 
Oato I 
Ca'tre-ua 
Cat'ia 
Cat'ti 3 
Cat u-li-a'Ka 
Ca-tul jus 
Cat u lis 20 
Can ca-eus 
Cau'con 
Cau'co-nes 

Cau'di, and Cau'di-um 
Cau-lo'ni-a 
Cau'ni-us 
Cau'nua 
Cau'ros 
Cau'rus 
Ca'ua 

Cav-a-ril'Jus 
Cav-a-ri'nus 
Ca'vi-i 3 
Ca-y'ci 3 6 
Ca-y'cus 
Ca-ya'ter 
Ce'a, or Ce'os 
Ce'a-des 
Ceb-al-li'nus 
Ceb-a-ren'ses 
Ce'bea 
Ce'bren 
Ce-bre'ni-a 
Ce-bri'o-nea 
Cec'i-das 
Ce-cil'i-ua 
Cec'i-na 
Ce-cin'na, A. 
Ce-cro'pi-a 
Ce-crop'i-dae 
Ce'crops 
Ce-cyph'a-lae 
Ced-re-a'tis 
Ce'don 
Ce-dru'si-i 3 
Ceg'lu-sa 
Ce'i o 
Cel'a-don 
Cel'a-dus 
Ce-lsB'nae 
Ce-lae'no 
Cel'e-sB 4 
Ce-le'i-a, and Ce'la 
Cel-e-la'tes 
Ce-]en'drae 
Ce-len'dria 
Ce-len'de-ris 
Ce-le-ne-ua 
Ce-Ien'na Ce-lae'na 
Ce'ler 
Cel'e-rea 
Cel'e-trum 
Ce'le-ua 
Cel'mus 
Cel'o-naB 
Cel'sua 
Cel'tae 
CeJ-ti-be'ri 
Cel'ti-ca 
Cel'ti-ci 
Cel-til'lua 
Cel-to'ri-i 4 
Cel-tos'cy-thsB 
Cem'me-nu3 
Cem'psi 3 
Ce-nae'nm 
Cen'cfare-ae 12 
Oen'chre-ia 
Cen'chre-as 
Cen'chri-U3 
Ce-nea'po-lis 
Ce-ne'ti-um 10 
Ce'ne-us 
Cen-i-mag'ni 
Ce-ni'na 
Cen-o-ma'ni 
Cen-so'res 
Cen-so-ri'nus 
Cen'sus 
Cen-ta-re'tus 
Cen-tau'ri 3 
I Cen-tau'rus 



* Candace. — Lempriere, Labbe, and Ainaworth, accent thia I sanctioned this latter pronunciation, and given it the pref- 
word on tlie first syllable, but Gouldman and Holyoke on the erence 
cecond : and I am much mistaken if the general ear has not I 



958 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



Cen-tob'ri-ca 
Cen'to-res 20 
Cen-tor'i-pa 
Cen-tri'tes 
Cen-tro ni-us 
Cen-tum'vi-ri 4 
Cen lu ri-a 
Ce-/-tu'ri-pa 
Ce OS, and Ce'a 
Cej-h'a-las 
Ceph-a-Ie'di-on 
Cepn-a-le'na 
Ce-phal'len 
Cepii-al-le'ni-a 
Ceph a-lo 
Oeph-a-loe'dis 5 
Ceph'a-lon 
Ceph-a lot'o-mi 
Ceph-a-lu'di-um 
Cepha-lus 
Ce-phe'us 
Cfc:-p!ie'nes 
Ce-phis i-a 10 2U 
Ceph-i-si'a-des 
(Je-piiis-i-do'nis 
Ce-phis i-on 10 
Ce-pliis-od'o-tu3 
Ce-plii'sus 
Ce-phis'sus 
Ce'phren 
Ce'pi-o 
Ce pi-on 
Cer'a-ca 
Ce-rac'a-tes 
Ce-ram'bu3 
Cer-a-mi'cus 
Ce-ro'mi-um 
Cer'a-mus 20 
Ce'ras 
Cer'a-sus 
'~er'a-ta 
Ce-ra'tus 
Ce-rau'ni-a 
Ce-rau'ni-i 4 
Ce-rau'nus 
Ce-rau'si-us 1 
Cer-be'ri-on 
Cer'be-rus 
Cer'ca-phus 
Cer-ca-so'rura 
Cer-ce'is 
Cer-ce'ne 
Cer-ces'tes 
Oer'ci-des 
C©r'ci-i 4 
Cer-ci'na 
Cer-cin'i-um 
Cer-cin'na 
Cer'ci-us 10 
Cer-co'pes 
Cer'cops 
Cer'cy-on 10 
Cer-cy'o-nes 
Cer-cy'ra, or 
Cor-cyra 
Cer-dyl'i-um 
Cer-e-a'li-a 
Ce'res 
Ce-res'sus 
Cer'e-tEB 
Ce-ri-a'li? 
Ce'ri-i 4 
Ce-ril'luiu 
Ce-riu'thus 
Cer-y-ni'tes 
Cer-ma'nus 
Cer'nes 
Ce'ron 

CJer-o-pas'a-des 
Ce-ros'sus 
Cer'phe-res 
(3er-rhEe'i 3 
Cer -sob-lep'tes 
Cer'ti-ma 
Cer-to'ni-um 



5iO 



Ger-va'ri-up 

Cer'y-ces 6 

Ce-ryc'i-ag 

Cer-y-mi'ca 

Cer-ne'a 

Ce-ryn'i-tes 

Ce-sel'U-a3 

Oe-sen'ni-a 

Ces'ti-us 10 

Ces-tri'na 

Ces-trinus 

Ce'tes 

Ce-iae'gas 

Ce'ti-i 4 10 

Ce'ti-us 10 

Ce'to 

Ce'us, and Ca'us 

Ce'yx 

Clia'bes 

Che'a* 12 

Cha-bi'nu9 

Cha'bri-a 

Cha'bri-as 

Chab'ry-is 6 

Chie-au'i-tEB 4 

Chae're-as 

Chaer-e-de'mu3 

Chse-re'mon 

Cheer 'e-phon 

Chse-res'tra-ta 

Chas-rin'thus 

Chse-rip'pus 

Chve'TO 

ChaB-ro-ne'a, and 
Cher-ro-ne'a 

Chee-ro 'ni-a 

Cha-lde'on 

Chal-cae'a 

Chal'ce-a 

Chal-ce'don, and 
Cha!-ce-do'ni a 

Chal-ci-de'ne 

Chal-ci-den'ses 

Chal-cid'e-us 

Chal-cid'i-ca 

Chal-cid'i-cus 

Chal-ci-08'U3 

Chal-ci'o-pe 

Chal-ci'tis 3 

Chal'c.is 

Chal'co-don 

Chal'con 

Chal'cus 

Chal-dae'a 

Chal-dae'i 3 

Cha-Ies'tra 

Chal-o-ni'tis 

Chal'y-bes, and 
Cal'y-bes 

Chal-y-bo-ni'tis 

Chal'ybs _ 

Cha-ma'ni 

Cham-a-vi'ri 4 

Cha'ne 

Cha'on 

Cha'o-nes 

Cha-o'ni-a 

Cha-o-ni'tis 

Cha'os 

Char'a-dra 

Cha-ra'dros 

Char'a-dru3 

Cha-rae'a-das 

Char-an-dae'i 

Cha'rax 

Cha-rax'es, and 
Cha-rax'us 

Cha res 

Char'i-cles 

Char'i-clo 

Char-i-cli'des 
'Char-i-de'mu3 
'Char'i-la 
I'Char-i-la'us, and 
1 Cha-ril'lus 



CH 

Cha-ri'ni, and 

Ca-rv'ai 3 
Cha'rig 
Cha-ru>'i-a 
Char'i-tes 
Char'i-ton 
Cbar'rae, a.ni 

Car'me 
Char'mi-das 
Char'mi-des 
Char-mi' nus 
Char-mi'o-nef 
Char'mis 
Char-mos'y-na 
Char'mo-tas 
Charmus 
Cha'ron 
Cha-ron'das 
Char-o-ne'a 
Cha-ro'ni-um 
Cha'rops, and 

Char'o-pes 
Cha-ryb'dis 
Chau'bi, and 

Chau'ci 
Chau'la 7 
Chau'rus 
Che'lae 
Che'Ies 
Chel-i-do'ni-a 
Chel-i-do'ui-ae 
Che-lid 'o-nis 
Chel'o-ne 
Chel'o-nis 
Chel-o-noph'a-gi 
Chel-y-do're-a 
Chem'mis 
Che'na 7 
Che'nae 
Che'oi-oa 
Che'ni-us 
Che'ops, and 

Che-OS 'pes 
Che'phren 
Cher-e-moc'ra-tes 
Che-ris'o-phu3 
Cher'o-phoii 
Cher'si-as 10 
CJier-sid'a-mas 
Cher'si-pho 
Cher-so-ne'sus 
Che-rus'ci 3 
Chid-nae'i 3 
Chil-i-ar'chus 
Chil'i-us,and Chil'e-i 
Chi'lo 
Chi-lo'nis 
Chi-mae'ra 
Chim'a-rus 
Chi-rae'ri-um 
Chi-om'a-ra 
Chi'on 1 
Chi'oHie 8 
Chi-on'i-des 
Chi'o-nis 
Chi'os 
Chi'ron 
jChit'o-ne 8 
Chlo'e 
Chlo're-U3 
Chlo'ris 
Chlo'rus 
Cho-a-ri'na 
Cho-as'pes 
Cho'bus 
Cheer a-des 
Chcer'i-lus 
Chcer'e-Ee 
Choa'ni-das 
Chon'u-phis 
Oho-ras'mi 3 
Cho-rin'e-us 
Cho-roe'bus 
Cho-rom-nae'i 3 
Chos'ro-€s 



CI 

Chre'raes 

Chrem'e-tes 

Chres'i-phon 

Chres-phon'tes 

Chres'tus 

Chro'mi-a 

Chro'mi-rjg 

Chro'mis 

Chro'mi-us 

Chro'ni-u3 

Chro'nos 

Chry'a-sug 

Chry'sa, and 
Chryse 

Chrys'a-rae 

Chry san'tas 

Chry-san'thi-us 

Chry-san'tis 

Chry-sa'orJ 

Chrys-a-o're-U3 

Chry-sa'o-ri3 

Chfy'sas 

Chry-se'is 

Chry-ser'mus 

Chiy'ses 

Chiy-sip'pe 

Chry-sip'pus 

Chry'sis 

Chrys-o-as'pi-de^ 

Chry-sog'o-nus 

Chrys-o-Ia'us 

Chry-so'di-um 

Chry-sop'o-lis 

Chry-sor'rho-ae 

Chry-sor'rho-as 

Chrys'os-tom 

Chrys-oth'e-mis 

Chryx'us 

Chtho'ni-a 12 

Chtho'ni-us 12 

Chi'truni 

Cib-a-ri'ti3 

Cib'y-ra 

Cic'e-ro 

Cith'y-ris 

Cic'o-nes 

Ci-cu'ta 

Ci-lic'i-a 10 

Ci-lis'sa 

Ciiix 

Cil'la 

Cil'les 

Cil'lus 

Cil'ni-us 

Ci'lo 

Cim'ber 
I Cim-be'ri-ua 

Cim'bri 3 

Cim'bri-cuni 

Cim'i-nus 

Cim-me'ri-i 4 

Cim'me-ris 

Cim-me'ri-um 

Ci-mo'lis, and 

Ci-no'lia 
[ Ci-mo'lus 

Ci'mon 

Ci-nae'thon 

Ci-nar'a-das 

Cin'ci-a 10 

Cin-cin-na'tus, L. Q.. 

Cin'ci-us 10 

Cin'e-as 

Ci-ne'si-as II 

Cin'e-thon 

Cin'ga 

Cin-get'o-rix 

Sin-jet' o-rix 

Cin'gu-lum 

Cin-i-a'ta 

Ci-nith'i-i 4 

Cin'na 

Cin'na-don 

Cin'na-mus 

Cin-ni'a-na 



CL 

Cinx'i-a 
Ci'nyps, and 

Cin'y-phufl 
Cin'y-ras 
Ci'os 
Cip'pus 
Cir'ce 

Cir-cen'ses lo'di 
Cir'ci U3 10 
Cir'cj'i 
Ci'ris 

Cir-rae'a-tum 
Cir'rha, and 

Cyr rha 
Cir'tha, and Ci/'U 
Cis-al-pi'na Ghil'lL a 
Cis'pa 
Cis'sa 
Cis'se-is 
Cis-se'us 
Cis'si-a 11 
Cis'si-EB 11 
Cis'si-des 
Cis-sass'sa 5 
Cis'sus 
Cis-su'sa 
Cis-te'nae 
Ci-thae'ron 
Cith-a-ris'ta 
Cit'i-um 10 
Ci us 
Ci-vi'lis 
Ciz'y-cum 
Cla'de-us 
Cla'nes 
Cla'nis 

Cla'ni-us, or Cla'nis 
Cla'rus 
Clas-tid'i-um 
Clau'di-a 
Clau'di-8B 
Glau-di-a'nus 
Clau-di-op'o-Iia 
Clau'di-us 
Clau'sus 
Clav-i-e'nus 
Clav'i-ger 
Cla-zome-nae, and 

Cla-zom'e-na 
Cle'a-das 
Cle-an'der 
Cle-an'dri-das 
Cle-an'tbes 
Cle-ar'chus 
Cie-ar'i-des 
Cle'meas 
Cle'o 
Cle'o-bla 
Cle-o-bu'la 
Cle-ob-u-li'na 
Cle-o-bu'lus 
Cle-o-cha'res 
Cle-o-cha'ri-a 
Cle-o-dae'us 
Cle-od'a-mas 
Cle-o-de'mu3 
Cle-o-do'ra 
Cle-o-dox'a 
Cle-og'e-nes 
Cle-o-la'us 
Cle-om'a-chus 
Cle-o-man'tes 
Cle-om'bro-tus 
Cle-o-me'des 
Cle-om'e-nes$ 
Cle'on 
Cle-o'nae, and 

Cle'o-na 
Cle-o'ne 
Cle o-ni'ca 
Cle-o-ni'cus 30 
Cle-on'nis 
Cle-on'y-mus 
Cle-op'a-ter 
CIe-o-pa'tra|| 



* Chea. — The ch in this, and all words from the Greek and 
Latin, must bo pronounced like k. 

\ Charmione. — Dryden, in his tragedy of All for Love, has 
Anwlicised this word into Charmion ; — the ch pronounced as iu 
eliarm. 

t Cfirysaor. — Then started out, when you began to bleed, 
The great Chrysaor, and the gallant steed 
Cooke's Hesiod. Theo<r. 



§ Cleomenes. — There is an unaccountable caprice in Dryden'a 
accentuation of this word, in opposition to all prosody ; for 
through the whole tragedy of this title he piaces the accent on 
the penultimate instead of the antepenultimate syllable. 

II Cleopatra. — The learned editor of Labbe tolls us this word 
ought to he pronounced with the accent on the antepenultiniatfi, 
Cle-op'a-tra, though the penultimate accentuation, he siiys, is 
the more common 



i 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



dSQ 



CO 


CO 


CO 


Cle-op'a-tris 


Co'cles, Pub. Horat. 


Co'non 


Cle-oph'a-nes 


Coc'ti-aB, and Cot'ti-se 


Con-sen'tes 


Cle-o-phan'thus 


Co-cy'tu3 


Con sen'ti-a 


Cle'o-phes 


Co-dom'a-nus 


Con-sid'i-us 


Cle-oph'o-lus 


Cod'ri-da3 


Con-si-li'num 


Cle'o-phon 


Co-drop'o-lis 


Con'stans 


Cle-o-phy'lus 


Co'drus 


Con-stan'ti-a 11 


Cle-o-pora'pus 


Coe-cil'i-us 


Con-stan-ti'na 


Cle-op-tol'e-mus 


Coe'la 


Con-stan-ti-nop'o-li3 


Cle'o-pus 


Coe-lal'e-tEB 


Con-3tan-ti'nu3 


Cle^'ra 


Coel-e-syr'i-a, and 


Conistan-tine (Eng.) 


Cle-os'tra-tus 


C(B-lo-syr'i-a 


Con-slan'ti-us 10 


Cle-ox'e-nus 


CoB'li-a 


Con'sus 


Clep'gy-dra 


C(E-li-ob'ri-ga 


Con-syg'na 


Cle'ri 3 


Coe'li-us 


Con-ta-des'du3 


Cles'i-des 


Coe'lus 


Con-tu'bi-a 7 


Cle'ta 


Coe'nus 


Co'on 


Clib'a-nus 


Ccer'a-nus 


Co'os, Cos, Ce'a, and C 


Cli-de'mus 


Co'es 


Co'pBB 


Clim'e-nus 


Cos'ua 


Co-phon'tis 


Cli'nas 


Cog'a-mus 


Co'pha3 


Clin'i-as 


Cog-i-du'nus 


Co'pi-a 7 


Cli-nip'pi-des 


Co'hi-bus 


Co-pil'lus 


Cli'nus 


Co'hors 


Co-po'ni-us 


Cli'o 


Co-lae'nus 


Cop'ra-te3 


Cli-sith'e-ra 


Co-lax'a-is 


Co'pre-us 


Clis'the-nes 


Co-lax'es 


Cop'tus, and Cop'tos 


.Cli'tse 


Col 'Chi 12 3 


Co'ra 


Cli-tar'chjus 


Col'chis, and Col'chos 


Cor-a-ce'si-iim, and 


Cli'te 


Co-len'da 


Cor-a-cen'si-uin 


Cli-ter'ni-a 


Co'li-as 


Cor-a-co-na'su3 


Clit-o-de'mu3 


Col-la'ti-a 


Co-ral'e-tae 


Cli-tom'a-chus 


Co-la-ti'nus 


Co-ral'li 3 


Cli-ton'y-mus 


CoHi'naf 


Co-ra'nus 


Clit'o-phon 


Coi-lu'ci-a 


Co'ras 


Cli'tor 


Co'lo 


Co'rax 


Cli-to'ri-a 


Co-lo'nae 


Co-rax'i 3 


Cli-tum'nus 


Co-lo'ne 


Cor'be-us 


Cli'tus 


Co-lo'nos 


Cor'bis 


Cloa-ci'na 


Col'o-phon 


Cor'bu-lo 


Clo-an'thus 


Co-los'se, and 


Cor-cy'ra 


Clo'di-a 


Co-los'sis 


Cor'du-ba 


Clo'di-us 


Co-los'su9 


Cor-du-e'ne 8 


Cl(fi'li-a 


Col'o-test 


Co're 8 


Clce'li-iB 4 


Col'pe 


Co-res'su9 


CloB'li-us 


Co-lum'ba 


Cor'e-sus 


Clo'nas 


Col-u-niel'Ia 


Cor'e-tas 


Clon'di-cus 


Co-lu'thu3 


Cor-fin'-i-ura 


Clo'ni-a 


Co-lyt'tU3 


Co'ri-a 7 


Clo'ni-us 


Com-a-ge'na 


Co-rin'e-um 


Glo'tho 


Com-a-ge'ni 


Co-rin'na 


Clu-a-ci'na 


Co-ma'na 


Co-rin'nus 


Clu-en'ti-us 10 


Co-ma'ni-a 


Co-rin'thus 


CJu'pe-a, and 


Com'a-ri 3 


Co-ri-o-la'nus 23 


Clyp'e-a 23 


Com'a-rus 


Co-ri'o-li, and - 
Co-ri-ol'la 


Clu'si-a 11 


Co-mas'tus 


Clu-si'ni Fon'tes 


Cora-ba'bus 


Co-ris'sus 


Clu-si'o-lum 


Com'be 


Cor'i-tU3 


Clu'si-um 10 


Com'bi 3 


Cor'mus 


Clu'si-us 10 


Com-bre'a 


Cor'ma-sa 


CJu'vi-a 


Com'bu-tis 


Cor-ne'li-a 


Clu'vi-us Ru'fas 


Co-me'te3 


Cor-ne'h-i 4 


Clym'e-ne 


Com'e-tho 


Cor-nic'u-lum 


Clym-en-e'i-des 


Co-min'i-us 


Cor-ni-fic'i-us 10 


C]ym'e-nus 


Co-mit'i-a 10 


Cor'ni-ger 


Cly-son-y-mu'sa 


Co'mi-us 


Cor-nu'tus 


Clyt-em-nes'tra 


Com'rao-dus 


Co-roe'bus 


Clyt'i-a, or CJyt'i-e 


Co'mon 


Co-ro'na 


Clyt'i-U3 10 


Com-pi-ta'li-a 


Cor-o-ne'a 


Cly'tus 


Comp'sa-tU3 


Co-ro'nis 


Cna-ca'di-iim* 13 


Com-pu'sa 


Co-ron'ta 


Cnac'a-lis 


Co'mus 


Co-ro'nus 


Cna'gi-a 


Con'ca-ni 3 


Cor-rha'gi-um 


Cne'mus 


Con-cor'di-a 


Cor'si 3 


Cne'us, or Cnae'us 


Con'da-lus 


Cor'si-aB 


Cni-din'i-um 


Con'da-te 


Cor'si-ca 7 


Cni'dus, or Gni'dus 


Con-do-cha'tes 


Cor'so-te 


Cno'pus 13 


Con-dru'si 3 


Cor'su-ra 7 


Cnos'si-a 11 


Con-dyl'i-a 


Cor-to'nae 


Cno'sus 


Co'no 7 


Cor-un-ca'nu8 


Co-a-ma'ni 


Con-c-to-du'nu3 


Co'rus 


Co-as'trce, and 


Con-fu'ci-us 10 


Cor-vi'nus 


Co-ac'trae 


Con-ge'dus 


Cor-y-ban'tes 6 


Cob'a-res 


Co'ni-i 3 


Cor'y-bas 


Coc'a-lus 


Con-i-sal'tu3 


Cor-v-bas'sa 


<^oc-ce'i-us 


Co-nis'ci 3 


Cor'y-bus 


Coc-cyg'i-us 


Con-ni'da3 


Co-ryc'i-a 24 



CR 

Co-ryc'i-des 
Co-ryc'i-us 10 
Cor'y-cu3 6 
Cor'y-don 
Cor'y-la, and 

Cor-y-le'um 
Co-rym'bi-fer 
Cor'y-na 
Cor-y-ne'ta, and 

Cor-y-ne'tes 
Cor-y-pha'si-nm 
Cor-y-tben'ses 
Cor'y-hus 
Co-ry'tu3 6 
Cos 
Co'sa, and Cos'sa, or 

Cc'sai 
Cos-co'ni-us 
Co-sin 'gas 
Cu'sis 
Cos'mus 
Cos'se-a 7 
Cos'sus 
Cos-su'ti-i 4 
Cos-to-bce'i 5 
Co-sy'ra 

Co'tes, and Cot'tes 
Co'thon 
Co-tho'ne-a 7 
Col'i-so 
Cot-to'nis 
Got'ta 

Cotaiae Al'pes 
Cot'tus 
Cot-y-oB'um 6 
Co-ty'o-ra 
Cot-y-lae'us 
Co-tyl'i-us 
Co'tys 
Co-tyt'to 
Cra'gus 
Cram-bu'sa 
Cran'a-i 3 
Cran'a-pea 
Cran'a-U3 
Cra'ne 
Cra-ne'um 
Cra'ni-i 4 

Cra'non, and Cran'non 
Cran'tor 

Cra-as-sit'i-U3 10 
Cras'sus 
Cras-ti'nus 
Crat'a-is 
Cra-t33'us 
Cra'ter 
Crat'e-rus 20 
Cra'tes 
Crat-es-i-cle'a 
Crat-e-sip'o-lis 
C rat-e-s ip ' pi-das 
Cra'te-us 
Cra-te'vas 
Cra'this 
Cra-ti'nus 
Cra-tip'pus 
Crat'y-lus 6 
Crau'si-a3 11 
Crau'sis 
Cra-ux'i-das 
Crem'e-ra 
Crem'ma 
CreWmy-on, and 

Crom'my-on 
Crem'ni, and Crem'nos 
Cre-mo'na 
Crem'i-des 
Cre-mu'ti-us 10 
Cre'on 

Cre-on-ti'a-des 
Cre-oph'i-Ius 
Cre-pe'ri-us 
Cres. 

Cre'sa, and Cres'sa 
Cre'si-us 11 
Cres-plion'tes 
Cres'si-us 11 



CU 

I Cres'ton 
Cre'sua 
Cre'ta 

Crete (Eng.) 8 
Cre-tsB'us 
Cre'te 8 
Cre'te-a 7 
Cro'tes 
Cro'te-us 
Cre'the-is 
Cre'the-U3 
Creth'o-na 
Cret'i-cus 
Cres'sas 
Cre-u'sa 7 
Cre-u'si^ 
Cri'a-su3 
Cri~nip'pus 
Cri'nis 
Cri-ni'sus, and 

Cri-mi'sus 
Cri'no 
Cri'son 
Cris-pi'na 
Cris-pi'nus 
Crit'a-la 
Crith'e-is 
Cri-tho'te 
Crit'i-as 10 
Cri'to 

Crit-o-bu'lus 
Crit-og-na'taa 
Crit-o-la'us 
Cri'us 
Cro-bi'a-lus 
Crob'y-zi 3 
Croc'a-le 
Cro'ce-ae 

Croc-o-di-lop'o-lia 
Cro'cus 
Croe'sus 
Cro-i'tos 
Cro'mi 3 
Crom'my-on 
Crom'na 
Cro'inua 
Cro'ni-a 7 
Cron'i-des 
Cro'ni-um 
Cro'plii 3 
Cros-sae'a 
Crot'a-lu9 
Cro'ton 
Cro-to'na 7 
Crot-o-ni'a-tis 
Cro-to'pi-as 
Cro-lo'pus 
Cru'nos 
Cru'sis 

Crus-tu-me'ri 4 
Crus-tu-me'ri-a 
Crus-tu-me'ri-um 
Crus-tu-mi'num 
Crus-tu'mi-um 
Crus-tu'nis, and 

Crus-tur-ne'ni-u8 
Cry'nis 
Cte'a-tus 
Ctem'e-ne 13 
Cte'nos 
Cte'si-as 
Cte-fib'i-us 
Ctes'i-cles 
Cte-sil'o-chus 
Ctes'i-phon 13 
Cte-sip'pus 
Ctim'e-ne 
Cu'la-ro 

Cu'ma, and Cu'm* 
Cu-nax'a 7 
Cu-pa'vo 
Cu-pen'tus 
Cu-pi'do 
Cu-pi-en'ni-us 
Cu'res 
Cu-re'tC3 
Cu-re'tis 



* Cnacadium. — C before n, in this and the succeeding words, 
is mute ; and they must be pronounced a3 if written J\raca- 
dium, J^Tacalis, &,c. 

t Collina. — Lempriere accents this word on the antepenulti- 



mate ; but Ainsworth, Gouldman, andllolyoke, more properly 
on the penultimate. 

I Celotes. — Ainsworth and Lempriere accent this word on 
the antepenultimate syllable ; but Labbe, Gouldman, and Hoi 
yoke, more agreeably to the general ear, on the penaltiinate. 



960 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES 



CY 

Cu'ri-a 

Cu-ri-a'ti-i 4 

Cu'ri-o 

Cu-ri-o-soI'i-taB 

Ca'ri-um 

Ca'ri-us Den-ta'tus 

Cur'ti-a 10 

Cur-tU'lus 

Cur'ti 'la 10 

Cu-ru'lis 

Cu8-38e'i 3 

Cu-nl'i-um 

Cy-am-o-so'ru3 

Cy a-tie 6 8 

Cy-a'ne-8B 4 

Cy-aa'e-e, and Cy-a'ne-a 

Cy-a'ne-us 

Cy-a-nip'pe 

Cy-a-nip'pus 

Cy-a-rax es, or 

Cy-ax'a-res 6 
Cy-bo'be 

Cyb'e-Ia, and Cyb-e'la 
Cyh'e-le 
Cyb'e-lus 
Cyb'i-ia 
Cy-ce'si-um 11 
Cych' re-US 12 
Cyc'la-des 
Cy-clo'pes 
Cy' clops (Eng.) 
Cyc'nus 
Cy'da 6 
Cyd'i-aa 
Cy-dip'pe 
Cyd'nus 
Cy'don 
Cy-do'ni-a 
Cyd'ra-ra 
Cyd-ro-la'us 
Cyg'ims 
Cyl'a-bus 
Cyl'i-ces 
Cy-lin'du3 
CyJ- lab'a-rus 
CyMa-rus 
Cyl leu 
Cy -le'ne 
Cyl-le-ne'i-us 
Cyl-lyr'i-i 3 4 
Cy'lon 

Cy'ma, or Cy'mse 
Cy-mod'o-ce 
Cy-mod o-ce'a 
Cy-mod-o-ce'as 
Cy'me, and Cy'mo 
Cym'o-lus, and 

Ci-mo'lus 
Cym-o-po-Ii'a* 
Cy-moth'o-e 
Cyn'a-ra 
Cyn-Ee-gi'ru3 
Cy-nee'thi-um 
Cy-na'ne 
Cy-na'pes 
Cy-nax'a 
Cyn'e-as 
Cy-ne'si-i 4, and 

Cyn'e-tae 
Cyn-e-thus'sa 
Cyn'i-a 
Cyn'i-ci 3 
Cy-nis'ca 
Cy'no 6 
Cyn-o-ceph'a-le 
Cyn-o-ceph'a-li 
Cjn-o-phon'tis 
Cj-nor'tas 
Cy-nor'ti-on 11 
Cy'nos 
Cyn-o-sar'ges 
Cyn-os-se'ma 



DA 

CTO-o-su'ra 
Cyn'osure (Eng.) 
Cyn'tlii-a 
Cyn'thi-us 
Cyn'thus 
Cyn-u-ren'ses 
Cy'nus 
Cyp-a-ris'si, and 

Cyp-a-ris'si-a 11 
Cyp-a-ris'sus 
Cyph'a-ra 
Cyp-ri-a'nus 
Cy'prus 
Cyp-sel'i-des 
Cyp'se-lus 
Cy-rau'nis 
Cy're 

Cy-re-na'i-ca 
Cy-re-na'i-ci 3 
Cy-re'ne 8 
Cy-ri'a-des 
Cy-ril'lus 
Cyr'il (Eng.) 
Cy-ri'nus 
Cyr'ne 
Cyr nus 
Cyr-raB'i 3 
Cyr'rha-daB 
Cyr'rhes 
Cyr'rhus 
Cyr-ri-a'na 7 
Cyi-si'lus 
Cy'rus 
Cy-rop'o-lis 
Cy'ta 
Cy-tae'is 
Cy-the'ra 
Cyth-e-ree'a, or 

€yth-e-re'a| 
Cyth'e-ris± 
Cy-the'ri-U3 
Cy-the'ron 
Cy-the'run 
Cyth'e-rus 
Cyth'nos 
Cy-tin'e-ura 
Cyt-is-so'rus 
Cy-to'rus 
Cyz-i-ce'ni. 
Gyz'i-cum 
Cyz'i-cus 



D. 



DA'^, Da'hsB 
'ci, and Da'cae 
'ci-a 11 

Dac'ty-li 3 4 

Dad'i-cae 

D»d'a-la 

i/JE-da'li-on 

Daed'a-lus 

Oae'mon 

Da i 4 

Da'i-cles 1 

Da'i-dis 

Da-im'a-chus 

Da-im'e-nes 

Da'i-phron 1 

Da-i'ra 1 

Dal'di-a 

Dal-ma'ti-a 10 

Dal-ma'ti-us 10 

Dara-a-ge'tu3 

Dam'a-lig 

Da'mas 1 

Dam-a-sce'na 

Da-mas 'ci-us 10 

Da-mas 'cus 

Dam-a-sich'thon 



DE 

Dam-a-sip'pus 

Dam-a-sis'tra-tus 

Dam-a-sith'y-nus 

Da-mas'tes 

Da'mi-a 

Da-mip'pus 

Da'rais 

Dam'no-rix 

Da' mo 

Dam'o-cles 

Da-moc'ra-tes 

Da-moc'ri-ta 

Da-moc'ri-tus 

Da'mon 

Dam-o-phan'tus 

Da-moph'i-la 

Da-moph'i-lus 

Dam'ophon 

Da-mos'tra-tus 

Da-mox'e-nu3 

Da-myr'i-as 

Da'na 7 

Dan'a-e 

Dan'a-i 3 

Da-na'i-des 4 

Dan'^a-la 

Dan'a-us 

Dan'da-ri, and 

Dan-dar^i-dae 
Dan'don 
Da-nu'bi-us 
Dan'ube (Eng,) 
Da'o-chus 12 
Daph'nae 
Daph-nae'us 
Daph'ne 

Daph-ne-pho'ri-a 
Daph'nis 
Daph'nus 
Dar'a-ba 
Da'iaps 
Dar'da-ni 3 
Dar-da'ni-a 
Dar-dan'i-des 
Dar'ua-nus 
Dar'da-ris 
Da'res 
Da-re 'ti3 
Da-ri'a 
Da-ri'a-ves 
Da-ri'tse 
Da-ri'us 
Das 'con 
Das-cyl-i'tis 
Das'cy-lus 
Da'se-a 
Da'si-us 11 
Das-sar'e-tae 
Das-sa-re'ni 
Das-sa-ri'tEB 
Das-sa-rit'i-i 3 4 
Dat'a-mes 
Dat-a-pher'nes 
Da'tis 

Da'tos, or Da'ton 
Dau'lis 
Dau'ni 3 
Dau'ni-a 
Dau'iius 
Dau'ri-fer, and 

Dau'ri-ses 
Dav'a-ra 7 
De-ceb'a-lus 
De-ce'le-um 
Dec'e-lus 
De-cem'vi-ri 4 
De-ce'ti-a 10 
De-cid'i^us Sax 'a 
De-cin'e-us 
De 'ci-us 10 
Do-cu'ri-o 
Ded-i-tam'e-nes 



DE 

De-ic'o-on 

De-id-a-mi'a 30 

De-i-le'on 

De-il'o-chus 12 

De-im'a-chus 

De-i'o-chus 

De-i'o-ne 

Do-i-o'ne-us 

De-i-o-pe'i-a 

De-iph'i-Ia 

De-iph'o-be 

De-iph'o-bus 

De'i-phon 

De-i-phon'tes 

De-ip'y-le 6 7 

De-ip'y-lus 

De-ip'y-ru3 

Dej-a-ni'ra 

Dej'o-ces 

Do-jot'a-rus 

Del'don 

De'li-a 

De-li'a-des 

De']i-um 

Deli-US 

Del-ma'ti-us 10 

Del-min'i-um 

De'los 

Del'phi$ 

Del'phi-cus 

Del-pJiin'i-a 

Del-phin'i-um 

Del'phus 

Dei-phy'ne 6 

Del'ta 

Dem'a-des 

De-maen'e-tus 

De-mag'c-ras 

Dem-a-ra'ta 

Dem-a-ra'tus 

De-mar'chus 

Dem-a-re'ta 

Dem-a-ris'te 

De'me-a 

De-me'tri-a 

De-me'tri-as 

De-metri-us 

De'mo 

Dem-o-a-nas'sa 

Dem-o-ce'des 

De-moch'a-rea 

Dem'o-cles 

De-moc'o-on 

De-moc'ra-tes 

De-moc'ri-tus 

De-mod 'i-ce 4 8 

De-mod'o-cus 

De-mo 'le-on 

De-mo'le-us 

De'mon 

Dem-o-nas'sa 

De-mo'nax 

Dem-o-ni'"a 1 

Dem-o-ni'cus 

Dem-o-phan'tus 

De-mop h'i-Ius 

Dem'o-phon 

De-moph'o-on 

De-mop'o-lis 

De'mos 

De-mos'the-nes 18 

De-raos'tra-tus 

Dem'y-lus 

De-od'a-tus 

De-o'is 

Der'bi-ces 

Der'ce 

Der-cen'nu3 

Der'ce-to, and 

Der'ce-tis 
Der-cyl'li-das 
Der-cyl'lus 



DI 

Der'cy-nu3 

Der-s8B'i 3 

De-ru-si-ae'i 3 

De-sud'a-ba 

Deu-ca'li-on 28 

Deu-ce'ti-us 10 

Deu'do-rix 

Dex-am'e-no 

Dex-am'e-nu3 

Dex-ip'pus 

Dex-ith'e-a 

Dex'i-us 

Di'a 1 7 

Di-ac-o-pe'na 

Di-ac-tor'i-des 

Di-EB'US 

Di-a-du-me-ni-a'nus 

Di'a-gon, and Di'a-gum 

Di-ag'o-ras 

Di-a'lis 

Di-al'lus 

Di-a-mas-ti-go'sis 

Di-a'na 7 

Di-an'a-sa 

Di-a'si-a 11 

Di-cEe'a 

Di-cae'ug 

Di'ce 8 

Dic-e-ar'chus 

Di-ce'ne-us 

Dic'o-mas 

Dic'tae 

Dic-tam'num, and 
Dic-tyn'na 

Dic-ta'tor 

Dic-tid-i-en'sea 

Dic-tyn'na 

Dic'tys 

Did'i-us 

Di'do 

Did'y-ma 

Did-y-mas'us 

Did-y-ma'on 

Did'y-me 6 8 

Did'y-nium 

Did'y-mas 

Di-en'e-ces 

Di-es'pi-ter 

Di-gpn'ti-a 10 

Dig'ma 

Di'i 3 4 

Di-mas'sua 

Di-narchus 12 

Di-nol'o-chus 

Dini-ae 4 

Dini-as 

Din'i-che 12 

Di-noch'a-res 

Di-noc'ra-tes 

Di-nod'o-chua 

Di-nom'e-nes 

Di'non 

Di-nos'the-nea 

Di-nos'tra-tus 

Di-o'cle-a 

Di'o-cles 

Di-o-cle-ti-a'nu3 

Di-o-cle'ti-an (K»g ) 

Di-o-do'rus 

Di-o'e-tas 

Di-og'e-nes 

Di-o-ge'ni-a 

Di-og'e-nus 

Di-og-ne'tus 

Di-o-me'da 

Di-o-me'desIF 

Di-o-me'do» 

Di'on 3 

Di-o-nae'a 

Di-o'ne 

Di-o-nys'i-a 11 

Di-o-ny-si'a-des 



* See Iphigenia. — 
"Neptune, who shakes the earth, his daughter gave, 
Cymopolia, to reward the brave." 

Cooke's Hesiod.Theog. v. 11^. 
I Cytherea. — 

" Behold a nymph arise, divinely fair, 
Whom to Cythera first the surges bear ; 
And Aphrodite, from the foam, her name. 
Among the race of gods and men the same : 
And Cytherea from Cythera came." 

CooKK*s Heslod. Theog. v. 299. 



% Cytheris.- 



-Mere poetry- 



Your Roman wits, your Gallus and Tibullus, 
Have taught you this from Cytheris and Delia.' 

Dryden, All for Love, 
^ Delphi. — This word was, formerly, universally written 
Delphos ; till Mr. Cumberland, a gentleman no less remarka- 
ble for his classical erudition than his dramatic abilities, in 
his Widow of Delphi, rescued it from the vulgarity in which 
it had been so long involved. 
TT Diomedes — All words ending in edes have tha same ac 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



S€l 



DO 

Di-o-nys'i-as 11 

Di-o-nys'i-des 

D i-o-nys-i-o-do ' ru? 

Di-o-uys'i-on 11 

Di-o-ny-sip'o-lis 

Di-o-nys'i-as 11 

Di-oph'a-nes 

Di-o-phan'tus 

Di-o-pi'tes 

Di-o-poe'iius 

I'i-op'o-lis 

Di-o'res 

Di-o-ryc'tus 

Di-o-scor'i-des 

Di-os'co-rus* 

Di-o-scu'ri| 3 

Di-os'pa-ge 

Di-os'po-lis 

Di-o-ti'me 1 8 

Di-o-ti'mus 

Di-ot're-phes 

Di-ox-ip'pe 

Di-ox-ip'pus 

Di-p£e'oe 

Diph'i-las 

Diph'i-lus 

I)i-{ihor'i-das 

Di-pue'nae 

Dip'sas 

Di'rae 

Dii'ce 

Dir-cen'na 

Dir'phi-a 

Dis-cor'di-a 

Dith-y-ram'bus 

Dit'a-ni 3 

Div-i-ti'a-cus 

Di'vus Fid'i-us 

Di-yl'lus 

Do- be 'res 

Doc'i-lis 

Doc'i-mus 24 

Do 'cle-a 

Do-do'na 

Dod-o-nffi'us 

Do-do'ne 

Do-don 'i-deg 

Do'i-i 4 

Do]-a-bel'la 

Dol-i-cha'ou 

Dol'i-che 1 12 

Do'li-us 

Dol-o-me'na 

Do'lon 

Do-lon'ci 3 

Dol'o-pes 

Do-lo'phi-on 

Do-lo'pi-a 

Do'lops 

Dom-i-du'cus 

Do-min'i-ca 

Do-mit'i-a 10 

Do-mit-i-a'nu3 

Do-mit'i-an (Eng.) 

Dom-i-til'la 

Do-mit'i-us 10 

Do-na'tus 

Don-i-la'us 

Do-nu'ca 

Do-ny'sa 

Do-rac'te 

Do'res 

Dor'i-ca 4 7 

Dor'i-cus 

Do-ri-en'ses 

Dor'i-las 

Dor-i-la'ug 

Do'ri-on 

Do'ris 

Do-ris'cu3 

Do'ri-um 

Do'ri-us 

Do ros' to-rum 

Dor-sen nus 

Dor'so 

Do'rus 

Do-ry'a-sus 6 



EB 

Do-ry'clus 
Dor-y-laB'um, and 

Dor-y-lse'us 
Dor'y-las 
Dcr-y-la'us 
Do-rys'sus 
Dos'oi 3 
Do-si'a-des 
Dos-se'nud 
Dot'a-das 
Do'to 
Do'tus 
Dox-an'der 
Dra-ca'nus 
Dra'co 

Dra-con'ti-des 
Dra'cus 
Dran'ces 
Dran-gi-a'na 7 
Dra'pes 
Drep'a-na, and 

Drep'a-num 
Drim'a-chus 
Dri-op'i-des 
Dri'os 
Dro'i 3 
Dro-mae'us 
Drop'i-ci 4 
Dro'pi-on 
Dru-en'ti-us, and 

Dru-en'ti-a 10 
Dru'gc-ri 3 
Dru'i-da3 
Dru'ids (Eng.) 
Dru-sil']a Liv'i-a 
Dru'so 
Dru'sus 
Dry'a-des 
Dry'ads (Eng.) 
Dry-an-ti'a-des 
Dry-au'ti-des 
Dry-mse'a 
Dry'mo 
Dry'mus 
Dry'o-pe 
Dry-o-pe'i-a 5 
]3r} 'o-pes 
Dry'o-pis, and 

Dry-op'i-da 
Dry 'ops 
Uryp'e-tis 
Du-ce'ti-us 10 
Du-il'li-a 
Du-il'li-us Ne'pos 
Du-lich'i-ura 
Dum'no-rix 
Du'nax 
Du-ra'ti-us 10 
Du'ri-U3 
Du-ro'ni-a 
Du-um'vi-ri 4 
Dy-a-gon'das 
Dy-ar-den'ses 
Dy'ruse 
Dy-mee'i 3 
Dy'mas 
Dyra'nus 
Dy-nam'e-ne 
Dyn-sa'te 
Dy'ras 6 
Dy-ras'pes 
Dyr-rach'i-um 
Dy-sau'les 
Dys-ci-ne'tus 
Dy-so'rum 
Dys-pon'ti-i 4 



E. 



E'A-NES 

E-a'nus 

E-ari-nus 

E-a'si-um 

Eb'do-mo 

E-bor'a-cum 



EL 

I Eb-u-ro'nes 
Eb'u-sus 
Ec-a-nie'da 
Ec-bat'a-na 
Ec-e-chir'i-a 
Es-e-kir'i-a 
E-chec'ra-tes 
E-kek'ra-tes 
Ech-e-da'mi-a 30 
E-chel'a-tus 
E-cbel'ta 
Ech'e-lus 
E-chem'bro-tus 
E-che'mon 
Ech'e-mus 
Ech-e-ne'us 
Ech'e-phron 
E-chep'o-lus 
E-ches'tra-tus 
E-chev-e-then'ses 
E-chid'na 
Ech-i-do'ru3 
E-chin'a-des 
E chi'non 
E-chi'nus 
Ech-i-nus'sa 
E-chi'on 29 
Ech-i-on'i-des 
Ech-i-o'ni-u3 
Ech'o 

E-des'sa, E-de'sa 
E-dissa 
E'don 
E-do'ni 3 
E-dyl'i-us 
E-e'ti-on 10 
E-gel'i-das 
E-ge'ri-a 
E-ges-a-re'tus 
Eg-e-sL'nus 
E-ges'ta 
Eg-na'ti-a 10 
Eg-na'ti-us 10 
E-i'on 26 
E-i'o-nes 
E-i-o'ne-us 
E-jo'ne-us 
El-a-bon'tas 
E-lre'a 
E-lae'us 
El-a-ga-ba'lus, or 

Ei-a-gab'a-lus 
El-a-i'tes 
E-la'i-us 
El-a-phi-ee'a 
El'a-phus 
El-a-phe-bo'li-a 
El-ap-to'ni-us 
E-la'ra 
El-a-le'a 
E-la'tus 
E-la'ver 
E'le-a 
E-le-a'tes 
E-lec'tra 
E-lec'tree 
E-lec'tri-des 
E-lec'try-on 
E-le'i 
El-o-le'us 
E'le-on 
El-e-on'tum 
El-e-p ban 'tis 
El-e-phan-toph'a-gi 
El-e-phe'nor 
El-e-po'rus 
E'le-us 
E-leu'chi-a 
Ei-eu-sin'i- 
E-leu'sis 
E-leu'ther 
E-leu'the raB 
El-eu-the'ri-a 
E-leu'tho 

E-leu-ther-c-cil'i-ces 
E-lic'i-us 10 24 
El-i-eu'sis, and E-li'a-ca 



22 



EP 

El-i-me'a 

E'lis 

El-is-pba'si-i 4 

E-lis'sa 

E-iis'sus 

El-lo'pi a 

E-lo'rus 

E'los 

El-pe'nor 

El-pi-ni'ce 

El-u-i'na 

El'y-ces 

El-y-ma'is 

El'y-mi 3 

El'y-mus 

El'y-rus 

E-lys'i-um 

E-ma'thi-a 

E-ma'thi-on 

Em'ba-tum 

Em-bo-li'ma 

E-mer'i-ta 

E-mes'sa, and E-mis'sa 

Em-me'li-us 

E-mo'da 

E-nio'dus 

Em-ped 'o-cles 

Em-pe-ra'mus 

Em-po'clus 

Em-po'ri-a 

Em-pu'sa 

En-cel'a-dus 

En-cbel'e-ae 12 

En'de-is 

En-de'ra 

En-dym'i-on 

E-ne'ti 

En-gy'um 

En-i-en'ses 

En-i-o'pe-us 

E-nip'e-us 

E-nis'pe 8 

En'na 

En'ni-a 

En'ni-us 

En'no-mus 

En-nos-i-gae'us 

En'o-pe 

E'nops 

E'nos 

En-o-sich'thon 

E-not-o-coe'tBB 

En-te)'la 

En-tel'lus 

En-y-a'li-us 

E-ny'o 6 

E'o-ne 

E'os 

E-o'us 

E-pa'gris 

E-pam-i-non'das 

Ep-an-tel'i-i 4 

E-paph-ro-di ' tus 

Ep'a-phus 

Ep-as-nac'tu3 

E-peb'o-lus 

E-pe'i 3 

E-pe'us 

Eph'e-sus 

Eph'e-tse 

Eph-i-al'tes 

Eph'-o-ri 3 

Eph'o-ru3 

Eph'y-ra 

Ep-i-cas'te 

Ep-i-cer'i-des 

Ep-i-cha'i-des 

E-pich'a-ris 

Ep-i-char'mus 

Ep'i-cles 

Ep-i-cli'des 

E-pic'ra-tes 

Ep-ic-te'tu3 

Ep-i-cu'ru3 

E-pic'y-des 24 

Ep-i-dam'nus 

Ep-i-daph'ne 



ER 

Ep-i-dau'ri a 

Ep-i-dau'rus 

E-pid'i-us 

Ep-i-do'tee 

E-pig'e-nes 

E-pig'e-us 

E-pig'-o-ni 3 

E-pig'o-nus 

E-pi'i, and E-pe'i 

E-pil'a-ris 

Ep-i-mel'i-des 

E-pim'e-ne3 

Ep-i-men'-i-des 

Ep-i-me'the-us 

Ep-i-me'this 

E-pi'o-chus 12 

E-pi'o-ne 8 

E-piph'a-nes 

Ep-i-pha'ni-us 

E-pi'rus 

E-pis tro-phus 

E-pit'a-des 

E'pi-um 

Ep'o-na 

E-po'pe-us 

Ep-o-red'o-rix 

Ep'u-lo 

E-pyt'i-des 

Ep'y-tus 

E-qua-jas'ta 

E-quic'o-lus 

E-quir'i-a 

E-quo-tu'ti-cura 

Er'a-con 

E-ree'a 

Er-a-si'nus 

Er-a-sip'pu3 

Er-a-sis'tra-tus 

Er'a-to 

Er-a-tos'the-nes 

Er-a-tos'tra-tus 

E-ra'tus 

Er-bes'sus 

Er'e-bus 

E-rech'the-us 

E-rem'ri 3 

E-re'mus 

Er-e-ne'a 

E-res'sa 

E-rech'thi-des 

E-re'sus 

E-re'tri-a 

E-re'tum 

Er-eu-tha'li-on 23 

Er'ga-ne 

Er-gen'na 

Er'gj-as 

Er-gi'nus 

Er-gin'nus 

Er-i-boe'a 

E-rib'o-tes 

Er-i-ce'teg 

E-rich'tho 

Er-ich-tho'ni-U3 

Er-i-cin'i-um 

Er-i-cu'sa 

E-rid'a-nusJ 

E-rig'o-ne 

E-rig'o-nus 

Er-i-gy'us 

E-ril'lus 

E-rin'deg 

E-rin'na 

E-rin'nys 

E-ri'o-pis 

E-riph'a-nis 

E-riph'i-das 

Er-i-phy'le 

E'ris 

Er-i-sich'thon 

Er'i-thus 

E-rix'o 

E-ro'chus 

E-ro'pus, and 

^r'o-pas 
E'ros 
E-ros'tra-tus 



centuation ; as Archimedes, Diomedes, &.c. The same may 
be observed of words ending in icles and odes ; as Iphicles, 
Damocles, Jindrocles, &c. See tiie Tervdnational Vocabu- 
lary 
* Dioscwus. — An heresiarch of the fifth century. 
61 



t Dioscuri.— The name given to Castor and Pollux, from the 
Greek Atoj and KSpof pro Kopoj; the sons of Jove. * 

X Eridaniis. — 

" Alpheus and Eridanus the strong, 
That rises deep, and stately rolls along." 

Cookb's Hesiod. Theog, v. 5S0. 



962 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



EU 

E-ro'ti-a 10 
Er-ra'ca 
Er'se 
Er'xi-as 
Er'y-mas 
E-ryb'i-um 
Er-y-ci'na 
Er-y-man'this 
Er-y man'tliug 
E-rym'naB 
E-ry o'ne-us 
Er'y mus 
Er-y the 'a* 
Er-} thi'ni 4 
Er'y-thra 
Er'y-thrae 
E-ryth'ri-on 
E-ryth'ros 
E'ryx 
£-ryx'o 
E-ser'nus 
Es-quil'i-a;, and 
Es-qui-li'nu,? 
Es-sed'o-nes 
Es'su-i 3 
Es'u-la 

Es-ti-ai'a 7 . 
Et-c-ar'chus 
E-te'o-cles 
E-te'o-clus 
Et-e-o-cre'tse 
E-te'o-nes 
E-te-o'ne-us 
Et-e-o-ni'cus 30 
E-te'si-ce 11 
E-tha'li-on 29 
E-the'Ie-um 
Eth'o-da 
E-the'mon 
E'ti-as 10 
E'tis 

E-tru'ri-a 
Et'y-lus 
Eu'ba-ges 
Eu-ba'tas 
Eu'bi-us 
Eu-boe'a 7 
Eu-bo'i-cus 
Eu'bo-te 
Eu'bo-tes 
Eu-bu'le 8 
Eu-bu'li-des 
Eu-bu'lu3 
Eu-ce'rus 
Eu-che'nor 
Eu'chi-des 
Eu-cli'de3 
Eu'clid (Eng.) 
Eu'clus 
Eu'cra-te 
Eu'cra-tes 
Eu'cri-tus 
Euc-te'mon 
Euc-tre'si-i 4 
Eu-dae'mon 
Eu-dam'i-das 
Eu'da-miis 
Eu-de'mus 
Eu-do'ci-a 
Eu-doc'i-mus 
Eu-do'ra 
Eu-do'rus 
Eu-dox'i-a 
Eu-dox'us 
Eu-e-mer'i-das 
Eu-ga'ne-i 3 
Eu-ge'ni-a 20 
Eu-go'nius 
Eu'ge-on 
Eu-hom'e-rus 
Eu hy-drum 



EU 

|Eu hy-us 
Eu-lim'e-ne 
Eu-ma'chi-us 12 
Eu-msB'us 
Eu-me'des 
EjMne'lis 
Eu^e'lus 
Eu'me-lus (King) 
Eu'me-nesf 
Eu-me'ui-a 
Eu-mdn'i-des 
Eu-me-nid'i-a 
Eu-me'ni-us 
Eu-mol'pe 
Eu-mol'pi-dae 
Eu-mol'pus 
Eu-moa'i-des 
Eu-nae'us 
Eu-na 'pi-US 
Eu-no'xni-a 
Eu'no-mus 
Eu'nus 
Eu'ny-mo3 
Eu'o-ras 
Ea-pa'gi-um 
Eu-pal'a-mon 
Eu-para-mus 
Eu'pa-tor 
Eu-pa-to'-ri-a 
Eu-pei'thes 
Eu'pha-es 
Eu-phan'tus 
Eu-phe'me 
Eu-phe'mus 
Eu-phor'bus 
Eu-pho'ri-on 
Eu-phra'nor 
Eu-phra'tes 
Eu'phroti 
Eu-phros'y-ne 
Eu-plae'a, or Eu-plce'; 
Eu'po-lis 
Eu-,uoin'pus 
Eu-ri-a-nas-'sa 
Eu-rip'i-des 
Eu-ri'pu3 
Eu-ro'mus 
Eu-ro'pa 7 
Eu-ro-pse'us 
Eu'rops 
Eu'ro-pus 
Eu-ro'xas 
Eu-ro'to 
Eu'rus 
Eu-ry'a-le 8 
Eu-ry'a-lus 
Eu-ryb'a-tes 
Eu-ryb'i-a 
Eu-ry-bi'a-des 
Eu-ryb'i-us 
Eu-ry-cle'a 
Eu'ry-cles 
Eu-ry-cli'des 
Ea-ryc'ra-tes 
Eu-ry-crat ' i-das 
Eu-ryd'a-mas 
Eu-ryd'a-me 
Eu-ry-dam' i-das 
Eu-ryd'i-ce 
Eu-ry-ga'ni-a 
Eu-ryie-on 
Eu-ryl'o-chu3 
Eu-rym'a-chus 
Eu-rym'e-de 
Eu-rym'e-don 
Eu-rym'e-nes 
Eu-ryn'o-me 
Eu-ryn'o-mus 
Eu-ry'o-ne 
Eu'ry-pon 
Eu-rj'p'y-le 



FA 

Eu-ryp'y-Ius 
Eu-rys'the-nes 
Eu-rys-then'i-dEB 
Eu-rys'the-us 
Eu'ry-te 
Eu-ryt'e-ee 
Eu-ryt'e-le 
Eu-ryth'e-mis 
Eu-ryth'i-on, and 
Eu-ryt'i-on 11 
Eu'ry-tis 
Eu'ry-tus 
Eu-se'bi-a 
Eu-se'bi-us 
Eu'se-pus 
Eu-sta'thi-us 
Eu-sto'li-a 
Eu-sto'li-u3 
Eu-tse'a 7 
Eu-tel'i-das 
Eu-ter'pe 
Eu-tha'li-aJ 
Eu-tha'li-us 
Eu-thyc'ra-tes 
Eu-thy-de'iuus 
Eu-thy'mus 
Eu-trap-e-lus 
Eu-tro'pi-a 
Eu-tro'pi-us 
Eu'ty-ches 
Eu-tych'i-de 
Eu-tych'i-de3 
Eu'ty-phron 
Eu-xan'thi-U3 
Eux'e-nus 
Eu-xi'nus Pon'tus 
Eu-xip'pe 
E-vad'ne 
Ev'a-ges 
E-vag'o-ras 
E -vag'o-re 
E'van 
E-van'der 
E-van'ge-lus 
Ev-an-gor'i-des 
E-van'the3 
E-var'chus 
E'vas 
E'vax 
E-vel'tbon 
E-vem'e-rus 
E-ve'nus 
Ev-e-phe'nus 
Ev'e-res 
E-ver'ge-tae 
E-ver'ge-tes 
E-vip'pe 8 
E-vip'pus 
Ex-a'di-u3 
Ex-£B'the3 
Ex-ag'o-nu3 
Ex-om'a-trae 



F. 



PAB'A-RIS 

Fa'bi-a 7 

Fa-bi-a'ni 3 

Fa'bi-i 4 

Fa'bi-us 

Fab-ra-te'ri-a 

Fa-bric'i-us 24 

Fa-buI'la 

Fa'dus 

Fffis'u-loe 

Fal-cid'i-a 

Fa-le'ri-i 4 

Fal-e-ri'na 

Fa-]er'nus 



FU 

Fa-lis'ci 3 

Fd-lis'cus 

Fa'ma 

Fan'ni-a 

Fan'ni-i 4 

Fan'ni-us 

Far'fa-rus 

Fas ce-lis 

Fas-cel'li-na 

Fau-cu'i-a 

Fau'Ia 

Fau'na 

Fau-na'li-a 

Fau'ni 3 

Fau'nus 

Fau'sta 

Fau-sti'na 3 

Fau'sti-tas 

Fau'stu-lus 

Fau'tus 

Fa-ven'ti-a io 

Fa-ve'ri-a 

Fa'vo 

Feb'ru-a 

Fec-i-a'les 

Fel'gi-nas 

Fen-es-tel'la 

Fe ra'li-a 

Fer-en-ta'nuuij^ C 

Fe-ren'tum 
Fe-re'tri-us 
Fe-ro'ni-a 
Fes-cen'iii-a 
Fes'tus 
Fi-bre'nus 
Fi-cul'ne-a 
Fi-do'na 
Pi-de'n£E 
Fi-den'ti-a 10 
Fi'des 
Fi-dic'u-lae 
Fim'bri-a 
Fir 'mi-US 
Fis-cel'lus 
Fla-cel'li-a 
Flac'cus 
Fla-cil'la ^'li-a 
F]a-min'-i-a 
Fla-min'i-us, or 

Flam-i-ni'nus 
Fla'ri-a 
Fla-vi-a'nurn 
F]a-vin'i-a 
Fla-vi-ob'ri-ga 
Fla'vi-us 
Flo'ra 
Flo-ra'Ii-a 
Flo'rus 
Flo-ri-a'nus 
Flu-o'ni-a 
Fo'li-a 
Fon-te'i-a 5 
Fon-te'i-us Cap'i-to 
For'mi-EB 
For-mi-a'num 
For'nax 
For-tu'na 
For'u-li 
Fo'rum Ap'pi-i 
Frau'ci 3 
Fre-gel'la 7 
Fre-ge'nas 
Fren-ta'ni 3 
Frig'i-dus 
Fris i-i 4 
Fron ti-nus 
Fron'to 
Fru'si-no 
Fu-ci'na 
Fu-ci'nus 
Fu-fid'i-us 



GA 

Fu'fi-us Gem'i-nus 
Ful-gi-na'tes 
Fui-gi'nus 
Ful'li-num, and 

Ful'gi-num 
Ful'vi-a 
Ful'vi-us 
Fun-da 'nus 
Pun'di 3 
Fu'ri-a 
Fu'ri-aB 
Fu'ri-i 4 
Fu-ri'na 
Fu-ri'nae 
Fu 'ri-us 
Fur'ni-us 
Fus'cus 
Fu'si-a 11 
Fu'si-us 10 



G. 



GAB'A-LES 

Gab'a-za 

Ga-be'ne, andGfc-bi-e'ne 

Ga-bi-e'Eus 

Ga'bi-i 4 

Ga-bi'na 

Ga-bin'i-a 

Ga-bin-i-a'nus feO 

Ga. bia'i-us 

Ga'des, and Gad'j-^ra 

Gad-i-ta'nus 

Gse-sa'tffi 

Gae-tu'li-a 

GsB-tu'Ii-cus 

Ga-la'bri-i 4 

Gal-ac-toph'a-gi 3 

Ga-lse'sus 

Ga-lan'this 

Gal'a-ta 7 

Gal'a-tae 

Gal-a-tae'a, and 

Gal-a-thse'a 
Ga-la'ti-a 10 
Ga-lax'i-a 
Gal'ba 
Ga-le'nus 
Ga-le'o-lae 
Ga-le'ri-a 
Ga-le'ri-u3 
Ga-le'sus 
Gal-i-lffi'a 
Ga-lin-thi-a'di-a 
Gal'li 3 
Gal'li-a 
Gal-li-ca'nas 
Gal-li-e'nus 
Gal-li-na'ri-a 
Gal-lip'o-lis 
Gal-lo-grae'ci-a 
Gal-lo'ni-us 
Gal'lus 
Ga-max'us 
Ga-me'li-a 
Gan-da-ri'tae 
Gau'ga-ma 
Gan-gar'i-dae 
Gan'ges 
Gan-nas'cus 
Gan-y-me'de 
Gan-y-me'des 
'6an'y-w-ede (Eng.) 
Ga-raB'i-cura 
Gar-a-man'tes 
Gar-a-man'tis 
Gar'a-mas 
Gar'a-tas 
Ga-re'a-tae 



1 



* Erythea. — 

" Chrysaor, Love the guide, Calliroe led, 
Daughter of Ocean, to the genial bed, 
Whence Geryon sprung, fierce with his triple head ; 
Whom Hercules laid breathless on the ground 
In Erythea, which the waves surround." 

Cooke's Hesiod. Theog. v. 523. 

t_ Eumenes. — It is not a little surprising that so elegant a 
writer as Hughes should, throughout the whole tragedy of the 
Siege of Damascus, accent this word on the penultimate syl- 
laWe ; especially as there is not a single proper name, of 



more than two syllables, in the Greek or Latin languages, of 
this termination, which has the penultimate syllable long. 
Lee has done the same in the tragedy of Alexander, which 
would lead us to suppose there is something naturally repug- 
nant to an English ear in the antepenultimate accentuation of 
these words, and something agreeable in the penultimate. 

X Euthalia. — Labbe observes, that this word does not come 
from the muse Thalia, as some suppose, but from the mascu- 
line Euthalius, as Eulatia, Eumenia, Eustolia, Eutropia, Em- 
vielia, &c., which are professedly accented on the antepenul- 
timate. — See Rule 29. 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



963 



GL 

Ga-re-ath'y-ra 

Gar-ga'nus* 

Gar-ga'phi-a 

Gar'ga-ra 7 

Gar ga-ris 

Ga-ii]'i-u3 

Gur-git'ti-us 

Ga-rites 

Ga-rum'na 

Gas'tron 

Gath'e-ae 4 

Ga-the'a-tas 

Gau'lus, Gau']e-on 

Gau'rus 

Ga us, Ga'os 

Ge-ben'na 9 

Ge-dro'si-a 11 

Ge-ga'ni-i 4 

Ge'la 

Ge-la'nor 

Gel'li-a 

Gel'li-as 

Gel'li-us 

Ge'lo, Ge'lon 

Ge'lo-i 3 

Ge-]o'nes, Ge-lo'ni 

Ge'los 

Ge-min'i-us 

Gem'i-nus 

Ge-na'bum 

Ge-nau'ni 

Ge-ne'na 

Ge-ni'sus 

Ge'ni-us 

Geu'se-ric 

Gen'ti-us 10 

Gt?n'u-a 

Ge-nu'ci-us 10 

Ge-nu'sus 

Ge-nu'ti-a 11 

Ge-or'gi-ca 

Oeor'gics (Eng.) 

Ge-phy'ra 

Ge-j.hyr'sB-i 3 

Ge-rani-a 

G-e-ran'thrae 

Ge-res'ti-cus 

Ger'gi-thum 9 

Ger-go'bi-a 

Ge'ri-on 

Ger-ma'ni-a 

Ger-man'i-cus 

Ger-ma'ni-i 4 

Ge-ron'thrae 

Ger'rhae 

Ge'rus, and Ger'rhus 

Ge'ry-on 9, and 

Ge-ry'o-nes 
Ges'sa-tse 
Ges'sus 
Ge'ta 9 
Ge'tcB 
Ge-tu'Ji-a 
Gi-gan'tes 
Gi-gar'tum 
Gi'gis 
Gil'do 
Gil'lo 
Gin-da'nes 
Gin'des 
Gin'ge 
Gin-gu'num 
Gip'pi-us 
Gis'co 

Gla-di-a-to'ri-i 4 
Gla'nis 
Glapli'y-re, and 

Glaph'y-ra 
Glaph'y-rus 
Glance 
Glau-cip'pe 



10 



GY 

IGlau-cip'pus 
Glau'con* 
Glau-con'o-me 
Glau-co'pis 
Glau'cu3 
Glau'ti-as 
Gli'con 
Glis'sas 
Glyc'e-ra 
Gly-ce'ri-um 
Gly'con 
GJym'pea 
Gna'ti-a 13 
Gni'dua 
Gnos'si-a 10 
Gnos'sis 
Gnos'sus 
Gob-a-nit'i-o 10 
Go bar 
Gob'a-res 
Gob'ry-as 
Gol'gi 
Gom'phi 
Go-na'tas 
Go-ni'a-des 
_Go-nip'pu3 
Go-ncss'sa 
Go-nus'sa 
Gor-di-a'nu3 
Gor'di-um 
Gor'di-us 
Gor-ga'sus 
Gor'ge 8 
Gor'gi-as 
Gor'go 
Gor'go-nes 
Gor-go'ni-a 
Gor-go'iii-u3 
Gor-goph'o-ne 
Gor-goph'o-ra 
Gor'gus 
Gor-gyth'i-on 
Gor'tu-ae 
Gor'tyn 
Gor-ty'na 
Gor-tyn'i-a 
Gor'tys 
Got'thi 3 
Grac'chus 12 
Gra-di'vus 
Gra?'ci 3 
GraB'ci a 11 
Gree'ci-a Mag'ua 
Gree-ci'nua 
GraB'cus 
Gia'i-U9 
Gra-iii cus, or 
Gran'i-ciis| 
Gra'ni-us 
Gra'ti-ae 10 
Gra-ti-a'nu3 21 
Gra-tid'i-a 
Gra'ti-on Jl 
Gra'ti-us 10 
Gra'vi-i 4 
Gra-vis'cae 
Gfa'vi-us 
Gre-go'ri-us 
Grin'nes 
Gro'phus 
Gryl'lus 
Gry-ne'um 
Gry-ne'us 
Gry-ni'um 
Gy'a-rus, and Gy 
Gy'as 
Gy-gae'us 
Gy'ge 
Gy'ges 9 
Gy'es 
Gy-lip'pus 



HA 

Gym-na'si-a 11 
Gym-na'si-um 11 
Gym-ne'si-oe 11 
Gym'ne-tes 
Gym-nos-o-phis 'Ieb 
Jim-Hos' o-phists 

(Eng.) 9 
Gy-nae'ce-as 
Gyn-ae-co-thcB'nas 
Gyn'des 
Gy-the'um 



HA'BIS 

Ha-dii-a-nop'o-iis 

Ha-dri-a'nus 23 

Ha-dri-at'i-cum 

HaB'mon 

H»-mo'ni-a 

ria3'mu3 

Ha'ges 

Hag'no 

Hag-nag'o-ra 

Ka-Iae'sus, and 

Ha-le'sus 
Hal'a-Ia 
Ha]-cy'o-ne 8 
Ha'les 

Ha-le'si-us 11 
Ha'Ii-a 

Ha-li-ac'mon 21 
Ha-li-ar'tus 21 
Hal-i-car-nas'sus 
Ha-lyc'y-ae 11 24 
Ha-li'e-is 
Ha-lim'e-de 
Hal-ir-rho'ti-us 10 
Hal-i-ther'sus 
Ha'li-us 20 
Hal i-zo'ne3 21 
Hal'mus 
Hal-my-des'sus 
Ha-loc'ra-tes 
Ha-lo'ue 
Hal-on-ne'sus 
Ha-lo'ti-a 10 
Ha-lo'tus 
Ha'lus • 
Hal-y-se'tus 
Hal-y-at'tes 
Ha'lys 

Ha-lyz'i-a 11 
Ham-a-dry'a-des 
Ha-max'i-a 
Ha-mil'car 
Ham'mon 
Han'ni-bal 
Har'ca-lo 
Har-ma-te'li-a^ 
Har'ma-tris 
Ha-mil'lus 
Har-mo'di-us 
Har-mo'ni-a 
Har-mon'i-des 
flar'pa-gus 
Har-pal'i-ce 
Har-pa'Ii on 
Har'pa-lu3 
Har-pal'y-ce 8 
Har-pal'y-cus 
Har'pa-sa 
Har'pa sus 
Ilar-poc'ra-tes 
Har-py'i-ae 4 
Har'pies (Eng.) 
Ha-ru'spex 
Has'dru-bal 
Ha-te'ri us 



HE 

Hau'sta-nes 

Heb'do-le 

He'be 8 

He-be 'sus 

He'brus 

Hec'a-le 

Hec-a-le'si-a 

Hec-a-me'de 

Hec-a-tee'us 

Hec'a-te 8, or 

Hec'ate (.Eng.) 

Hec-a-te'si-a 11 

Hec-a tom-bo'i-a 

Hec-a-tom pho'ni-a 

Hec-a-t cm ' po-lis 

Hec-a-tom'py-los 

Hector 

Hec'u-ba 

Hed'i-]a 

He-don'a-cum 

Hed'u-i 3 

He-dym'e-les 

He-gel 'o-chus 

He-ge'monJ 

Heg-e-si'nus 

Heg-€-si'a-nax 

He-ge'si-as 

Heg-e-sil'o-chu3 

Heg-e-sin'o us 

Heg-e-sippus 

Heg-e-sip'y-le 

Heg-e-sis'tra tus 

Heg-e-tor'i-des 

Hel'e-na 7 

He-le'ni-a 

He-Ie'nor 

Hel'e-nus 

He-ler'ni Lu'cus 

He-li'a-des 

He-li-as'taB 

Hel-i-ca'on 

Hel'i-ce 

Hel'i-con 

Hel-i-co-ni'a-des 

Hel-i-co'nis 

He-Ii-o-do'rus 21 

He-li-o-gab'a-lus$ 

He-li-op'o-lis 

He-lis'son 

He'li-us 

He-lix'us 

Hel-lan'i-ce 

Hel-lan'i-cus 

Hel-1 a-noc ' r a-tes 

Hel'las 

Hel'le 8 

Hel'len 

Hel-le'nes 

Hel-le-spon'tus 

Hel-lo'pi-a 

Hel-lo'ti-a 10 

He-lo'ris 

He-lo'rum, and 

He-lo'rus 
He'los 

He-lo'tsB, and He-Io'tes 
He'lum 
Hel-ve'ti-a 10 
Hel-ve'ti-i 4 
Hel'vi-a 
Hel'vi-i 4 
Hel-vi'na 
Hel'vi-us Cin'na 
Hel'y-mus 
He-ma'thi-on 
He-mith'e-a 
He '-men 
He'mus 
Hen'e-ti 3 
He-ni'o-chi 3 
He-phaes'ti-a 



HE 

He-phaBs'ti-i 4 

He-pbffis'ti-o 

He-pli!Es'ti-on 11 

Hep-ta-plio'nos 

Hep-lap'o-Jis 

Hep-tap'y-lo3 

He'ra 7 

Her-a-cle'a 

Her-a-cle'i-a 

He-rac'le-um 

He-rac-Ie-o'tes 

Her-a-cli'dae 

Her-a-cli'dis 

Her-a-cli des 

Her-a-cli'tus I 

He-rac'li-us 

He-rae'a 

He-rae'ura 

Her-bes'sus 

Her-ce'i-us 

Her-cu-la'ne-um 

Her'cu-les 

Her-cu'le-um 

Her-cu'Ie-us 

Her-cy'na 

Her-cyn'i-a 

Her-d'o'ni-a 

Her-do'ni-us 

He-ren-ni-us Se-ne'ci-o 

He 're-US 

He-ril'lu3 

Her'i lus 

Her'ma-chus 

Her'mae 

Her-mae'a 

Her-mae'um 

Her-mag'o-ras 

Her-man-du'ri 

Her-man'ni 

Her-maph-ro-di'tus 

Her-ma-the'na 

Her-me'as 

Her-me'i-as 

Her'mes 

Her-me-si'a-nax 

Her-mi'as 

Her-min'i-us 

Her-mi'o-ne 

Her-mi-o'ni-cB 

Her-mi-on'i-cus Si'nus 

Her-mip'pus 

Her-moc'ra-tes 

Her-mo-do'rus 

Her-mog'e-nes 

Her-mo-la us 

Her-mo-ti'mus 

Her-mun-du'ri 

Her'mus 

Her'ni-ci 4 

He'ro 

He-ro'des 

He-ro-di-a'nus 21 

He r'/d'i-cus 

He rod'o-tus 

Her'o-es 

He-ro'is 

He'ron 

He-roph'i-la 

He-roph'i-lus 

He-ros'tra-tus 

Her'pa 

Her'se 

Her-sil'i-a 

Her'tha, and Her'ta 

Her'u-li 

He-sae'nus 

He-si 'o-dus 

He'zhe-od (Eng.) 10 

He-si'o-ne 

Hes-pe'ri-a 

Hes-per'i-des 



* Oargamis. — 

" And high Qarganus, on the Apuiian plain, 
Is mark'd by sailors from the distant main." 

WiLKiE, Epigoniad. 
f Granicus.- -As Alexander's passing the river Oranicus is 
a common subject of history, poetry, and painting, it is not 
wonderful that the common ear should have given into a pro- 
nunciation of this word more agreeable to English analogy 
than the true classical accent on the penultimate syllable. 
The accent on the first syllable is now so fixed, as to make the 
other pronunciation savor of pedantry. — See Awdronicus. 
J //e^emora.— Gouldman and Holyoke accent this word on 



the antepenultimate syllable, but Labbe and Lempriere, more 
classically, on the penultimate. 

§ Heliogabalus — This word is accented on the penultimate 
syllable ^y Labbe and Lempriere ; but, in my opinion mr.e 
agreeably to the general ear, by Ainsworth, Gouldman and 
Holyoke, on the antepenultimate. 

i; Heraclitus. —Th'ia name of the weeping philosopher is so 
frequently contrasted with that of Democritus, the laughing 
philosopher, that we are apt to pronounce both with the same 
accent ; but all our prosodists are uniform in giving the ante- 
penultimate accent to the latter, and the penultimate to the 
former word. 



964 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



HI 

Hes'pe-ris 

Hes-per'i-tis 

Hes'pe-rus 

Hes'ti-a 

Hes-ti-ae'a 7 

He'sus 

He-sych'i-a 

He-sych'i-us 

He-tric'u-lum 

He-tru'ri-a 

Heu-rip''j)a 

Hex-ap'y-Ium 

Hi-ber'ni-a, and 

Hy-ber'ni-a 
Hi-bril'des 
Hic-e-ta'on 24 
His-e-ta' on 
Hj-ce'tas 
Hi-emp'sal 
Hi'e-ra 
Hi-e-rap'o-lis 
Hi'e-rax 
Hi'e-ro 

Hi-e-ro-ce'pi-a 
Hi-er'o-cles 
Hi-e-ro-du'1'im 
Hi-er-om'ne-mon 
Hi-e-ro-ne'sos 
fli-e-roni-ca 30 
Hi-e-ron'i-cus 
Hi-e-ron'y-mu3 
Hi-e-roph'i-lus 
Hi-e-ro-soly-ma 
Hig-na'ti-a Vi'a 
Hi-la'ri-a 
Hi-la'ri-us 
Hi-mel'la 
Him'e--"a 
Hi-mil'co 
Hip-pag'o-ras 
Hip-pal'ci-mus 
Hip'pa-lus 
Hip-par'chi-a 12 
Hip-par'chus 
Hip-pa-ri'nu5 
Hip-pa'ri-on 
Hip'pa-sus 
Hip'pe-us 
Hip'pi 3 
Hip'pi-a 
Hip'pi-as 
Hip'pis 
Hip'pi-us 
Hip'po- 
Hip-pob'o-tes 
Hip-pob'o-tU3 
Hip-po-cen-tau'ri 
Hip-poc'o-on 
Hip-po-coi'-ys'tes 
Hip-poc'ra-tes 
Hip-po-cra'ti-a 11 
Hip-po-cre'ne* 7 
Hip-pod'a-mas 



HO 

Hip-pod'a-me 

Hip-po-da-mi'a 30 

Hip-pod 'a-mus 

Hip-pod'i-ce 

Hip-pod 'ro-mus 

Hip'po-la 

Hip-pol'o-chus 

Hip-pol'y-te 8 

Hip-pol'y-tus 

Hip-pom'a-chus 

Hip-pom'e-don 

Hip-pom'e-ne 

Hip-pom'e-nes 

Hip-po-mol'gi 

Hip'pon, and Hip'po 

Hip-po'na 

Hip'po-nax 

Hip-po-ni'a-tes 

riip-po'ni-um 

Hip-pon'o-us 

Hip-pop'o-des 

Hip-pos'tra-tus 

Hip-pot'a-des 

Hip'po-tas, or 

Hip'po-tes 
Hip-poth'o-e 
Hip-poth'o-on 
Hip-poth-o-on'tis 
Hip-poth'o-us 
Hip-po'ti-on 11 
Hip-pu'ris 
Hip'pus 
Hip'si-des 
Hi'ra 

Hir-pi'ni 4 
Hir-pi'nus, Q. 
Hir'ti-a 10 
Plir'ti-us Au'lus 
Hir'tus 
His'bon 
His-pa'ni-a 
His-pel'lum 
His'po 
His-pul'la 
His-tas'pea 
His'ter Pa-cu'vi-us 
His-ti-ae'a 
His-ti-je'o-tis 
His-ti-se'us 
His'tri a 
Ho'di-us 
Hol'o-cron 
Ho-me'rus 
Ho'mer (Eng.) 
Hom'o-le 
Ho rno'le-a 
Hom-o-lip'pus 
Hom-o-lo'i-des 
Ho-mon-a-den'ses 
Ho-no'ri-us 
Ho'ra 

Ho-rac'i-tffi 24 
Ho'rse 



HY 


lA 


XL 


Hor-a-pol'lo 


Hyp'a-nis 


I-ar'chas 


Ho-i-a'ti-us 


Hyp-a-ri'nus 


I-ar'da-nu8 


Hor'ace (Eng.) 


Hy-pa'tes 


I-as'i-des 


Hor'ci-as 10 


Hyp'a-lha 


I-a'si-on 11, and 


Hor-mis'das 


Hy-pe'nor 


I-a'si-us 


Ho-ra'tus 


Hy-pe-ra'on 


I'a-sus 


Hor-ten'si-a 10 


Hy-per'bi-u3 


I-be'ri 


Hor-ti'num 


Hyp er-bo're-i 


I-be'ri-a 


Hor-ten'si-us 10 


Hy-pe're-a, and 


I-be'rus 


Hor-to'na 


Hy-pe'ri-a 


I'bi 3 


Ho'rus 


Hyp-e-re'si-a 11 


I'bis 


Hos-til'i-a 


Hy-per'i-des 


Ib'y-cus 


Hos-til'i-us 


Hy-pe-ri'on 29 


I-ca'ri-a 


Hun-ne-ri'cus 


Hyp-erm-nes'tra 


I-ca'ri-us 


Hun-ni'a-des 


Hy-per'o-chus 


Ic'a-ru8 


Hy-a-cin'thi-a 


Hy-per-och'i-des 


Ic'ci-us 10 


Hy-a-cin'thus 


Hy-phse'us 


Ic'e-los 


Hy'a-des 


Hyp'sa 


I-ce'ni 


Hy-ag'nis 


Hyp-se'a 


Ic'e-tas 


Hy'a-la 


Hyp-se'nor 


Icli'nae 


Hy-am'po-lis 


Hyp-se'us 


Ich-nu'sa 


Hy-an'thes 


Hyp-si-cra-te'a 


Ich-o-nu'phis 


Hy-an'tis 


Hyp-sic 'ra-tes 


ich-tliy-oph'a-gi 2 


Hy-ar'bi-ta 


Hyp-sip'y-le 


Ich'thys 


Hy'as 


Hyr-ca'ni-a 


I-cil'i-us 


Hy'bla 


Hyr-ca'num Ma're 


Ic'i-us 10 


Hy-bre'as, or Hyb're-ast 


Hyr-ca'nus 


I'cos 


Hy-bri'a-nes 


Hyr'i-a 


Ic-ti'nus 


Hyc'ca-ra 


Hy-ri'e-us, and Hyr'e-us 


I'da 


Hy'da, and Hy'de 


Hyr-mi'na 


1-dffi'a 


Hyd'a-ra 


Hyr'ne-to, and 


1-dse'us 


Hy-dar'nes 


Hyr'ne-tho 


Id'a-lus 


Hy-das'pes 


Hyr-nith'i-um 


Id-an~thyr'su3 


Hy'dra 


Hyr'ta-cus 


I-dar'nes 


Hy-dia'mi-a 30 


Hys'i-a 11 


I'das 


Hy-dra-o'tes 


Hys'pa 


Id'e-a§ 28 


Hy-droch'o-u3 


Hys'sus, and Hys'si 3 


1-des'sa 


Hy-dro-pho'ri-a 


Hys-tas'pes 


I-dit-a-ri'sus 


Hy'drus 


Hys-ti-e'us 


Id'mon 


Hy-dru'sa 




I-dom'e-ne 8 


Hy'e-la 




I-dom-e-ne'us, or 




Hy-emp'sal 




I-dom'e-neus|| 


Hy-et'tus 


I. 


I-do'the-a 


Hy-ge'i-a 




I-dri'e-U3 


Hy-gi'a-na 


I'A 


I-du'be-da 


Hy-gi'nu3 


I-ac'chu's 


I-du'me, and Id-u-aie'a 


Hy'la, and Hy'las 


I-a'der 


I-dy'i-a 


Hy-lac'i-des 


I-a-le'mus 


I-e'ta3 


Hy-lac'tor 


I-al'me-nus 


Ig'e-ni 


Hy'lae 


I-al'y-sus 


Ig-na'ti-u3 10 


Hv-lse'us 


I-am'be 


iJ-a-i'ri 


Hy'las 


I-am'bli-cus 


Il'ba 


Hy'lax 


I-am'e-nus 


Il-e-ca'o-nes, and 


Hyl'i-as 


I-am'i-dsB 


Il-e-ca-o-nen'ses 


Hyl-la'i-cus 


I-a-ni'ra 


I-ler'da 


Hyl'lus 


I-an'the 


I!'i-a, or Rhe'a 


Hy-lon'o-me 


I-an'the-a 


T-li'a-ci Lu'di 3 


Hy-loph'a-gi 3 


I-ap-e-ron'i-des 


I-li'a-cus 


Hym-e-nee'us, and 


I-ap'e-tusJ 


I-ii'a-des 


Hy'men 


I-a'pis 


H'i-as 


Hy-met'tus 


I-a-pyg'i-a 


Il'i-on 


Hy-piE'pa 


I-a'pyx 


I-li'o-ne 


Hy-pae'si-a 11 


I-ar'bas 


Il-i-o'ne-us, or 



* Hippocrene. — Nothing can be better established than the 
pronunciation of this word in four syllables according to its 
original ; and yet such is the license of English poets, that they 
■oot unfrequently contract it to three. Thus Coos.e, Hesiod. 
Theog. V. 9. 

" And now to Hippocrene resort the fair ; 
Or, Olmius, to thy sacred spring repair." 
And a late translator of the Satires of Persius : 
" Never did I so much as sip. 
Or wet with Hippocrene a lip." 
This contraction is inexcusable, as it tends to embarrass pro- 
lUnciation, and lower the language of poetry. 

i Hybreas. — Leinpriere accents this word on the penultimate 
syllable ; but Labbe, Gouldman, and Holyoke, more properly, 
on the antepenultimate. 

J lapetus.—" Son of Idpetus, o'er-subtle, go, 

And glory in thy artful theft below." 

Cooke's Hesiod. 
$ Idea. — This word, as a proper name, T find in no lexicog- 
rapher but Lempriere. The English appellative, signifying an 
image in the mind, has uniformly the accent on the second 
syllable, as in the Greek iSia, in opposition to the Latin, which 
we generally follow in other cases, and which, in this word, 
has the penultimate short, in Aipsworth, Labbe, and our best 
prosodists ; and, according to this analogy, irfea ought to have 
he accent on the first syllable, and that syllable short, as the 



first of idiot. But when this word is a proper name, as the 
daughter of Dardanus, I should suppose it ought to fall into 
the general analogy of pronouncing Greek names, not by ac 
cent, but by quantity ; and, therefore, that it ought to have the 
accent on the first syllable ; and, according to our own analo 
gy, that syllable ought to be short, unless the penultimate in 
the Greek is a diphthong, and then, according to general usage, 
it ought to have the accent. 

|] Jdomeneus. — The termination of nouns in eus was, among 
the ancients, sometimes pronounced in two syllables, and some- 
times, as a diphthong, in one. Thus Labbe tells us, that 
Achillevs, Agylevs, Phalareus, Apsirtevs, are pronounceti 
commonly in four syllables, and JVereiis, Orphevs, Porter) s, 
Tereiis, in three, with the penultimate syllable short in all ; 
but that these words, when in verse, have generally the diph- 
thong preserved in one syllable : 
" Eumenidum veluti demens videt agmina Pentheus." Virg. 
He observes, however, that the Latin poets very frequently 
dissolved tlie diphthong into two syllables : 

" Naiadum coetu, tantum non Orpheus Hebrum 
Pcenaque respectus, et nunc manet Orpheus in te." 
The best rule, therefore, that can be given to an Enghsfi 
reader is, to pronounce words of this termination always with 
the vowels separated, except an English poet, in imitation of 
the Greeks,.should preserve the diphthong ; but, m the present 
word, I should prefer I~dom'e-neus to / dom-e-nc'us, whether 
in verse or prose. 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



S66 



IN 

I-li'o-neus* 

F-iis'sus 

Hith-y-i'a 

Jl'i-um, or Il'i-on 

Il-]ib'e-ris 

Il-lib'u-la 

11-li-tur'gis 

Il-lyr'i-cum 

Il'ly-ris/and Il-lyr'i-a 

H'lyr'i-cus Si'nus 

U'lyr'i-us 

Il'u-a 7 

t-lyr'gis 

I'lus 

I-man-u-cn'ti-us 10 

Im'a-jis| 

Im'l)a-rus 

Dai-brac'i-des 

Ini-bras'i-des 

Im'bra-sus 

Im'bre-us 

Im'bri-us 

Im-briv'i-um 

Im'bros 

In'a-chi 3 12 

I na'chi-a 

1-nach'i-dae 

I-nach'i-des 

I-na'chi-um 

In'a-chus 12 

I-uam'a-mes 

I-nar'i-me 8 

In'a-rus 

In-ci-ta'tus 

In-da-thyr 'sus 

In'di-a 

In-dig'e-tes 

fn-dig'e-ti 3 

In'dus 

I'no 1 

[-no 'a 7 

£-no'pus 

E-no'us 

I-no'res 

In'su-bres 

In-ta-pher'ncs 

lu-te-ram'na 

In-ter-ca'ti-a 11 



IS 

In'u-us 
I-ny'cus 
I'o 1 

I-ob'a-tes 

I'o-bes 

I-o-la'i-a 

I'o-las, or T-o-Ia'us 

I-ol'chos 

I'o-le 1 8 

I'on 

I-o'ne 8 

I-o'ues 

I-o'iii-a 

I-o'pas 

I'o-pe 

I'o-phon 

I'os 

Ip'e-pae 

fph-i-a-nas'sa 

Iph'i-clus, or Iph'i-clcs 

I-phic'ra-tes 

I-phid'a-mus 

Iph-i-de-mi'a 

Iph-i-ge-ni'aj 

Iph-i-ine-di'a$ 

I-phira'e-don ' 

Iph-i-me-du'sa 

I-phin'o-e 8 

I-phin'c-us 

I'phis 

I-phil'i-on 1] 

Iph'i-tus 

Iph'thi-me 

Ip-se'a 29 

I'ra 1 7 

I-re ne 

Ir-e-nas'us 

I-re'sus 

I'ris 

I'rus 

Is'a-das 

I-sae'a 7 

I-sa;'us 

Is'a-mus 

I-san'der 

I-sa'pis 

I'sar, and Is'a-ra 

I'sar, and I-sse'us 



IT 

1-sar'chus 12 

I-sau'ri-a 

I-sau'ri-cus 

I-sau'rus 

Is che'ni-a 12 

Is-cho-la'us 

Is-chop'o-lis 

Is-com'a chus 

Is'i-a 10 

Is-de-ger'des 

Is-i-do'rus 

Ts'i-dore (Eng.J 

I'sis 

Is'ma-rus, and Is'ma-ra 

Is-me'ne 8 

Is-me'ni-as 

Is-men'i-des 

Is-me'nus 

I-soc'ra-tes 

Is'sa 7 

Is'se 8 

la'SUS 

Is'ter, and Is'trus 

Ist'hmi-a 

Ist'hmi-us 

Ist'hmus 

Is-ti-se'o-tis 

Is'tri-a 

Is-trop'o-lis 

I'sus 

I-ta'li-a 7 

It'a-hj (Eng.) 

I-tal'i-ca 

I-tal'i-cus 

It'a-lus 

I-tar'gris 

It'e-a 20 

1-tem'a-les 

Ith'a-ca 

I-thob'a-lus 

T-tbo'rae 

Ith-o-ma'i-a 

I-tho'mus 

Ith-y-pha)'lus 

I-to'ni-a 7 

I-to'nus 

It-u-rac'a 

I-tu'rum 



JU 


LA 


It'y-lus 


Ju-no'nis 


It-y-rse'i 3 


Ju'pi-ter 


I'tys 


Jus-ti'nus 


I-u'lus 


Ju-tur'na 


Ix-ib'a-tse 


Ja-ve-na'lis 


Ix-i'on 


Ju've-nal (Eng.) 


Ix-i-on'i-des 


Ju-ven'tas 




Ju-ver-na, or Hi-ber'ni-a 


J. 




I.. 


JA-NIC'U-LUM 


Ja'nus 


LA-AN'DER 


Jar'chas 


La-ar'chus 


Ja'son 


Lab'a-ris 


Jen'L -sus 


Lab'da 


Je'ra 


Lab'da-cus 


Je-ro'mu3j and 


Lab'da-lon 


Je-rcn'y-mus 


La'be-o 


Je-ru'sa-lem 


La-be 'ri-us 


Jo-ba'tes 


La-bi'ci 4 


Jo-cas'ta 


La-bi'cum 


Jop'pa 


La-bi-e'nus 


Jor-da'nes 


Lab-i-ne'tus 


Jor-nan'des 


La-bo 'bi-us 


Jo-se'phus Fla'vi-us 


La-bob 'ri-gi 3 


Jo vi-a'uus 


La-bo 'tas 


Jo'vi-an (Eng.) 


La-bra'de-us 


Ju'ba 


Lab-y-ria'thus 


Ju-das'a 


La-c8R'na 


Ju-gan'tes 


Lac-e-dse'mon 


Ju-ga'ri-us 


Lac-c-dc5-mo'ni-i 


Ju-gur'tha 


Lac-8-daem'o-nGs 


Ju'li-a 7 


Lac-e-dc-mo'ni-ans 


Ju-li'a-des 


(Eng.) 


Ju-li-a'nus 


La-cer'ta 


Ju'li-an (Eng.) 


Lacb'a-res 


Ju'li-i 4 


La'ches 1 12 


Ju-li-o-ma'gus 
Ju-li-op'o-lis 


Lacii'e-sis|| 


Lac'i-das 


Ju'lis 


La-ci'des 


Ju'li-us CsB'sar 


La-cin'i-a 


Ju'ni-a 7 


La-cin-i-en'ses 


Ju'no 


La-cin'i-vun 


Ju-no-na'li-a 


Lac'mon 


Ju-no'nes 


La'co 1 


Ju-no'ni-a 


La-cob'ri-ga 



* See Idomeneus. 

j Imaus. — All our prosodists make the penultimate syllable 
of this word short, and, consequently, accent it on the antepe- 
nultimate ; but Milton, by a license he was allowed to take, 
accents it on the penultimate syllable : 

" As when a vulture on Imaus bred. 
Whose snowy ridge the roving Tartar bounds." 

\ Iphigenia. — The antepenultimate syllable of this word had 
been in quiet possession of the accent for more than a century, 
till some Greeklings of late have attempted to place the stress 
on the penultimate, in compliment to the original lipiyivsLa. 
If we ask our innovators ou what principles they pronounce 
this word with the accent on the i, they answer, because the i 
stands for the diphthong ei, which, being long, must necessa- 
rily have the accent on it : but it may be replied, this was in- 
deed the case in the Latin language, but not in the Greek, 
where we find a thousand long penultimates without the ac- 
cent. It is true, one of the vowels which composed a diph- 
thong in Greek, when this diphthong was in the penultimate 
syllable, generally had an accent on it, but not invariably ; for 
a long penultimate syllable did not always attract tlie accent 
in Greek as it did in Latin. An instance of this, among thou- 
sands, is that famous line of dactyles in Homer's Odyssey, ex- 
pressing the tumbling dov/n of the stone of Sisyphus : 

" AiTts errtLTa -iSovSs. Kv\iv6eTo Xdas dvaiSi'/s.^' 

Odyss. b. 11. 
Another striking instance of the sapie accentuation appears 
in the two first verses of the Iliad : 

" Mfjviv asihe Qsa TJriXTiidSeu), 'A^iXfjos 
OvXoiiivrjv, r) ^vpi^ 'A;^ajots u\y£ Wtikij." 

1 know it may be said that the written accents we see on 
Greek words are of no kind of authority, and that we ought 
always to give accent to penultimate long quantity, as tho 
Latins did. Not here to enter into a dispute about the au- 
thority of the written accents, the nature of the acute, and its 
connexion with quantity, which has divided the learned of 
Europe for so many years — till we have a clearer idea of the 
nature of the human voice, and the properties of speaking 
Bounds, which alone can clear the difficulty — for the sake of 
uniform.ity, perhaps it were better to adopt the prevailing mode 
of pronouncing Greek proper names like the Latin, by makin? 



the quantity of the penultimate syllable the regulator of the 
accent, though contrary to the genius of Greek accentuat'on, 
which made the ultimate syllable its regulator ; and, if this 
syllabli was long, the accent could nevci- rise higher than 
the penultimate. Perhaps in language, as in laws, it is not 
of so much importance that the rules of cither should be 
exactly right, as that they should be certainly and easily 
known ; — so the object of attention in the present case is not 
so much what ought to be done, as what actually is done ; — 
and, as pedantry will always be more pardonable than illit- 
eracy, if we are in doubt about the prevalence of custom, it 
will always be safer to lean to the side of Greek or Latin 
than of our own language. 

§ Tphimedla. — This and the foregoing word have the accent 
on" tlie same syllable, but for what reason cannot be easily 
conceived. That Iphigenia, having the diphthong ei in its 
penultimate syllable, should have the accent on that syllable, 
though not the soundest, is at least a plausible reason ; but 
wh.y should our prosodists give the same accent to the i in 
Ipldmedial which, coming from icpi and fj.eSiui, has no such 
pretensions. If they say it has the accent in the Greek word, 
it may be answered, this is not esteemed a sufficient reason for 
placing the accent in Iphigenia ,• besides, it is giving up the 
sheet-anchor of modern prosodists, the quantity, as the regu- 
lator of accent. We know it was an axiom in Greek prosody, 
that, when the last syllable was long by nature, the accent 
could not rise beyond the penultimate ; but we know, too, that 
this axiom is abandoned in Demosthenes, Aristoteles, and a 
thousand other words. The only reason, therefore, that re- 
mains for the penultimate accentuation of this word, is, tnat 
this syllable is long in some of the best poets. Be it so. Let 
those who have more learning and leisure than I have find it 
out. In the interim, as this may perhaps be a Icmg one, I must 
recur to my advice under the last word ; though Ainsworth has, 
in my opinion, very properly left the penultimate syllable of both 
these words short, yet those who affect to be thought learned 
will always find the"ir account in departing, as far as possible, 
from the analogy of their own language in favor of Greek and 
Latin. 

II 



Clotho and Lachesis, whose boundless sway, 
With Atropos both men ai;d gods obey," 

Cooke's Hesiod. Tkeog. 



335 



966 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



LA 

LaTCo'ni-a, and 

La-con 'i-ca 
Lacra-tes 
Lac'ri-nes 
Lac tan'ti-us 10 
Lac'ter 
Lac'y-des 
Lac'j'-dus 24 
La'das 
La'de 8 
La'des 
La'don 
LsB'laps 
Laa li-a 
Lee-ii-a'nus 
Lae'li-us, C 
LsB'na, and jje-se'na 
Laj'ne-us 
Lae'pa Mag'na 
La-er'tes 

La-er'ti-us Di-og'e-nes 
Lae-stryg'o-nes 
Lae'ta 
Lee-to'ri-a 
Lse'tus 
LBB'vi 3 
LsB-vi nus 
La-ga'ri-a 
La'gi-a 20 
Lag'i-des 
La-cin'i-a 
La'gu3 
La-gu'sa 
La-gy'ra 6 
La-i'a-des 3 
La'i-as 
La'is 
La'i-us 
Lal'a-ge 
La-las'sis 
Lam'a-chus 
La-mal'mon 
Lam-bra'ni 3 
Lam'brus 
La'mi-a 

La-mi'a-cum bel'lum 
La'mi-ae 

La'mi-as ^'li-us 
La-mi 'rus 
Lam'pe-do 
Lam-pe'ti-a 10 
Lam'pe-to, and 

Lam'pe-do 
Lam'pe-us, and 

Lam'pi-a 
Lam'pon, Lam'pos, or 

Lam'pus 
Lam-po-ne'a 
Lam-po'ni-a, and 

Lam-po'ni-um 
Lam-po'ni-us 
Lam-prid'i-us ^E'li-us 
Lam'pro-cles 
Lam'prus 
Lamp'sa-cus, and 

Lamp'sa-chum 
Lamp-te'ri-a 
Lam'pus 
La'mus 
Lam'y-rus 
La-nas'sa 
Lan'ce-a 10 
Lan'ci-a 10 
Lan'di-a 
Lan'gi-a 
Lan-go-bar'di 3 
La-nu'vi-um 
La-o-bo'tas or Lab'o-tas 
La-oc'o-on 
La-od'a-mas 



LA 

La-o-da'mi-a 30 

I a-od'i-ce 8 

La-od-i-ce'a 

La-od-i-ce'ne 

La-od'o-chus 

La-og'o-rus 

La-og'o-ras 

La-og'o-re 8 

La-o-me-di'a* 30 

La-om'e-don 

La-om-e-don'te-us 

La-om-e don-ti'a dee 

La-on'o-me 8 

Ija-on-o-me'ne 

La-oth'o-e 8 

La'o-us 

Lap'a thus 

Laph'ri-a 

La-phys'ti-um 

La-pid'e-i 

La-pid'e-us 

Lap'i-thsB 

Lap-i-thee'um 

Lap'i-tho 

Lap'i-lhus 

La'ra, or La-ran'da 

La-ren'ti-a, and 

Lau-ren'ti-a 10 
La'res 
Lar'ga 
Lar'gus 
La-ri'des 
La-ri'na 
La-ri'num 
La-ris'sa 
La-ris'sus 
La'ri-us 
Lar'nos 
La-ro'ni-a 
Lar'ti-us Flo'rus 
Lar-to-Iaet'a-ni 
Lar'vae 
La-ryjn'na 
La-rys'i-um 11 
Las'si-a 10 
Las'sus, or La'sus 
Las'the-nes 
Las-the'ni-a, or 
Las-the-ni'af 
liat'a-gus 

Lat-e-ra'nus Plau'tus 
La-te'ri-um 
La-ti-a'lis ' 
La-she-a'lis 
La-ti-a'ris 
La-she-a'ris 
La-ti'ni 3 4 
La-tin'i-us 
La-ti'nus 
La'ti-um 
La'she-um 
La'ti-us 10 
Lat'mus 
La-to'i-a 
La-to'is 
La-to'us 
La-to'na 
La-top'o-lis 
La'tre-us 
Lau-do'ni-a 
Lau-fel'la 
Lau'ra 
Lau're-a 
Ijau-ren-ta'li-a 
Lau-ren'tes a'gri 
Lau-ren'ti-a 10 
Lau-ren-ti'ni 4 
Lau-ren'tum 
Lau-ren'ti-us 10 
Lau'ri-on 



LE 

Lau'ron 

La'us Pom pe'i-a 

Lau'sus 

Lau'ti-um 10 

La-ver'na 

Lav-i-a'na 7 

La-vin'i-a 

La-vin'i-um, or 
La-vi'num 

Le'a-des 

Le-Ee'i 3 

Le-se'na 

Le-an'der 

Le-an'dre 

Le-an'dri-as 

Le ar'chus 12 

Leb-a-de'a 

Leb'e-dus, or Leb'e-dos 

Le-be'na. 

Le-bin'thos, and 
Le-byn/thos 

Le-chcB'um 

Lec'y-thus 24 

Le'da 

Le-dae'a 

Le'dus 

Le'gi-o 

Le'i-tus 4 

Le'laps 

Lel'e-ges 

Le'lex 

Le-man'nus 

Lem'nos 

Le-mo'vi-i 3 

Lem'u-res 

Le-mu'ri-a, and 
Le-mu-ra'li-a 

Le-nae'us 

Len'tu-lus 

Le'o 

Le-o-ca'di-a 

Le-o-co'ri-on 

Le-oc'ra-tes 
Le-od'a-mas 

Le-od'o-cus 
Le-og'o-ras 

Le'on 
Le-o'na 
Le-on'a-tusJ 
Le-on'i-das 
Le-on'ti-um, and 

Le-on-ti'ni 4 
Le-on-to-ceph'a-lus 
Le-on'ton, or 

Le-on-top'o-lis 
Le-on-tych'i-des 
Le'os 

Le-os'the-nes 
Le-o-tych'i-des 
Lep'i-da 
Lep'i-dus 
Le-phyr'i-ura 
Le-pi'nus 
Le-pon'ti-i 4 
Le'pre-os 
Le'pri-um 
Lep'ti-nes 
Lep'tis 
Le'ri-a 
Le-ri'na 
Ler'na 
Le'ro 
Le'ros 

Les'bus, or Les'bos 
Les'ches 12 
Les-tryg'o-nes 
Le-ta'num 
Le-thae'us 
Le'the 
Le'tus ^ 



LI 

Leu'ca 

Leu'cas 

Leu-ca'tes 

Leu-ca'si-oa 11 

Leu-cas'pis 

Leu'ce 

Leu'ci 3 

Leu-cip'pe 

Lou-cip'pi-des 

Leu-cip'pus 

Leu'co-la 

Leu'con 

Leu-co'ne 8 

Leu-co'nea 

Leu-con'o-e 

Leu-cop'e-tra 

Leu'co-phryg 

Leu-dop'o-iis 

Leu'cos 

Leu-co'si-a 11 

Leu-co-syr'i-i 4 

Leu-coth'o-e. or 

Leu-co'the-a 
Leuc'tra 
Leuc'trum 
Leu'cus 
Leu-cy-a'ni-as 
Leu-tych'i-des 
Le-va'na 7 
Le-vi'nus 
Lex-o'vi-i 4 
Li-ba'ni-us 
Lib'a-nus 
Lib-en-ti'na 
Li'ber 
Lib'e-ra 20 
Ivib-er-a'li-a 
Li-ber'tas 
Li-be'thra 
Li-beth'ri-des 
Lib'i-ci, Li-be'ci-i 
Lib-i-ti'na 
Li'bo 1 
Li'bon 

Lib-o-phoe-ni'ces 
Li'bri 4 
Li-bur'na 
Li-bur'ni-a 
Li-bur'ni-des 
Li-bur 'num ma're 
Li-bur'nus 
Libs 
Lib'y-a 

Lib'y-cum ma're 
Lib'y-cus, and 

Li-bys'tis 
Li'bya 
Li-bys'sa 
Lic'a-tes 
Li'cha 
Li'chas 1 
Li'ches 
Li-cin'i-a 
Li-cin'i-us 
Li-ci'nus 
Li-cym'ni-us 
Li'de 18 
Li-ga'ri-us 
Li-ge'a 
Li'ger 

Li'ger, or Lig'e-ris 
Lig'o-ras 
Lig'u-res 
Li-gu'ri-a 
Lig-u-ri'nus 
Li'gus 18 
Lig'y-es 
Li-gyr'gum 
Li-]ae'a 
Lil-y-boe'um 



LU 

Li-ma5'a 

Li-me'ni-a 

Lim'nae 

Lim-nse'um 

Lim-na-tid'i-a 

Lim-ni'a-ce 

Lim-ni-o'ta) 

Lim-no'ni-a 

Li'mon 

Lin-ca'si-i 4 

Lin'dus 

Lin'go-nes 

Lin-ter'na pa'lua 

Lin-ier'num 

Li 'nus 

Li'o-des 

Lip'a-ra 

Lip'a-ris 

Liph'lum 

Lip-o-do'rus 

Li-quen'ti-a 

Lir-cae'us 

Li-ri'o-pe 

Li'ris 

Li-sin 'i-as 

Lis 'son 

Lis'sus 

Lis'ta 

Lit'a-brura 

Lit'a-na 

Li-tav'i-cus 

Li-ter'num 

Lith-o-bo']i-a 

Li thrus 

Li-tu'bi-um 

Lit-y-er'sas 

Liv'i-a Dru-sil'la 

Liv-i-ne'i-us 

Li-vii']a 

Li'vi-us 

Liv'y (Eng.) 

Lo'bon 

Lo'ce-us 10 

Lo'cha 

Lo'chi-as 

Lo'cri 

Lo'cris 

Lo-cus'ta 

Lo-cu'ti-us 10 

Lo]']i-a Pau-li'na 

Lol-li-a'nus 

LoI'li-us 

Lon-di'num 

Lon'don (Eng.) 

Lon-ga-re'nus 

Lon-gim'a-nus 

Lon-gi'nus 

Lon-go-bar'di 

Lon'gu-Ia 

Lon-gun'ti-ca 

Lor'di 3 

Lor'y-ma 

Lo'tis, or Lo'tos 

Lo-toph'a-gi 3 

Lo'us, and A'o-us 

Lu'a 7 

Lu'ca 

Lu'ca-gus 20 

Lu-ca'ni 3 

Lu-ca'ni-a 

Lu-ca'ni-us 

Lu-ca'nus 

Lu'can (Eng.) 

Lu-ca'ri-a, or Lu-ce ri-a 

Luc-ce'i-us 

Lu'ce-res 

Lu-ce'ri-a 

Lu-ce'ti-us 10 

Lu'ci-a$ 

Lu-ci-a'nus 



* Laomedia. — 

" Evagoie, Laomedia join. 

And thou, Polynome, the num'rous line. 

Cooke's Hesiod. Theog. v. 393. 
See Iphigenia 

t Lasthenia. — All the prosodists I have consulted, except 
Ainsworth, accent this word on the penultimate syllable 5 and, 
though English analogy v/uitld prefer the accent on the ante- 
penultimate, we must neccHsarily yield to such a decided su- 
periority of votes for the penultimate in a word so little Angli- 
cised by use. — See Iphigenia. 

J Leonatus. — In the accentuation of this word I have fol- 
■ owed Labbe and Lempiiere : the former of whom says — 



Cluanquam de hac voce amplius cogitandum cum eruditis viris 
existimem. Till, then, these learned men have considered this 
word, I tliink we may be allowed to consider it as formed 
from the Latin leo and natus, lion-born, and, as the a in natus 
is long, no shadow of reason can be given why it should not 
have the accent. This is the accentuation constantly given 
to it in the play of Cymbeline, and is, in my opinion, the best. 

§ Lucia. — Labbe cries out loudly against those who accent 
this word on the penultimate, which, as a Latin word, ought 
to have the accent on the antepenultimate syllable. If once, 
says he, we break through rules, why should we not pronounce 
Ammia, Jinastasia, Cecilia, Leocadia, JVatalia, &c., with 
the accent on the penultimate likewise ? — This ought to be a 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



967 



LY 

Zu'ci-an (Eng.) 

i<a'ci-fer 

Lu-cil'i-iH 

liU-cil'la 

La-ci'na 

Lu'ci-U3 10 

Lu-cre'ti a 10 

Lu-cret'i-Iig 

Lu-cre'ti-us 10 

Lu-cri'num 

Lu-cri'nus 

Luc-ta'ti-us .0 

Iju-cul'le-a 

Lu-cul'lus 

Lu'cu-mo 20 

Lu'cus 

Lug-du'num 

Luna 7 

Lu'pa 

Lu-per'cal* 

Lu-per-ca'li-a 

Lu-per'ci 3 

Lu-per cus 

Lu'pi-as, or Lu'pi-a 

Lu'pus 

Lu-si-ta'ni-a 
Lu-so'nes 
Lus'tri-cus 
Lu-ta'ti-us 
Lu-te'ri-us 
Lu-te'ti-a 10 
Lu-to'ri-us 
Ly-a3' us 
Ly'bas 

Lyb'y-a, or Ly-bis'sa 
Lyc'a-bas 
Lyc-a-be'tus 
Ly-caB'a 
Ly-cas'um 
Ly-cae'us 
Ly-cam'bes 
Ly-ca'on 
Lyc-a-o'ni-a 
Ly'cas 
Ly-cas'te 
Ly-cas'tum 
Ly-cas'tus 
Ly'ce 8 
Ly'ces 
Ly-ce'um 
Lych-ni'des 
Lyc'i-a 1-0 
Lyc'i-das 
Ly-cim'na 
Ly-cim'ni-a 
Ly-cis'cus 
Lyc'i-us 10 
Lyc-o-me'des 20 
Ly'con 
Ly-co'ne 8 
Lyc'o-phron 
Ly-cop'o-lis 
Ly-co'pus 
Ly-co'ri-as 
Ly-co'ris 
Ly-cor'mas 
Ly-cor'tas 
Lyc-o-su'ra 
Lyc'tus 
Ijy-cur'gi-des 
Ly-cur'gus 
Ly'cus 
Ly'de 8 
Lyd'i-a 
Lyd'i-as 
Lyd'i-U3 
Ijy'dus 

Lyg'da-mis, or 
Lyg'da-mus 
Lyg'i-i 4 



M^ 
Ly'gus 
juy-mi'ro 
Ly'max 
Lyn-ci'des 
Lyn-ces'tae 
Lyn ces'tes 
Lyn ces'ti-us 
Lyn-<;e'as 
Lyn'cus, Lyn-cai'us, 

Lynx 
Lyn-ci'das 
Lyr'cse 
Lyr-cae'us 
Lyr-ce'a 
Lyr'cus 
Lyr-nes'sus 
Ly-san'der 
Ly-san'dra 
Ly-sa'ni-as 
L>'se 8 
Ly-si'a-des 
Lys-i-a-nas'sa 
Ly-si'a-nax ^ 
Lys'i-as 11 
Lys i-cles 
Ly-sid'i-ce 
Ly-sim'a-che 
Lys-i-ina'chi-a 
Ly-sim'a-chus 
Ly s-i-mach ' i-des 
Lys-i-me'li-a 
Ly-sln'o-e 8 
Ly-sip'pe 
Ly-sip'pu3 
Ly'sis 

Ly-sis'tra-tus 
Ly-sith'o-us 
Ly 'so 
Ly-tee'a 
Ly-za'ni-as 



M. 



MA'C^ 

'car 
Ma-ca're-u3 
Ma-ca'ri-a 
Mac'a-ris 
Ma-ced'nus 
Mac'e-do 
Mac-e-do'ni-a 
Mac-e-don'i-cus 30 
Ma-cel'la 

Ma'cer ^-myl'i-us 
Ma-chse'ra 
Ma-chan'i-das 
Ma-cha'on 
Ma 'era 
Mac-ri-a'nus 
Ma-cri'nus, M. 
Ma'cro 
Ma-cro'bi-i 4 
Ma-cro'bi-us 
Mac'ro-chir 
Ma-cro'nes 
Mac-to'ri-urn 
Mac-u-]o'nu3 
Ma-des'tes 
Ma-de'tos 
Mad'y-«s 
Mae-an'der 
Mffi-aii'dri-a 
MsB-ce'nas 
Mae'di 3 
Mse'ii-us 
Maf3m-ac-te'ri-a 
Masn'a-des 
Maen'a-la 



MA 

Maen'a-lus 

MaB'ni-us 

MsB'non 

Mae-o'ni-a 

Mce-on'i-dae 

Mae-on' i-des 

Mae'o-nis 

MtE-o'ta3 

Mffi-o'tis Pa'Ius 

Mse'si-a Syl'va 11 

Moe'vi-a 

Mse'vi-us 

Ma'gas 

Ma-gel'la 

Mag'e-to! 

Ma'gi 

Ma'gi-u3 

Mag'na Grae'ci-a 

Mag-nen'ti-us 10 

Mag'nes 

Mag-ue'si-a 11 

Ma 'go 

Ma'gon 

Mag-on-ti 'a-cum 

Ma'gus 

Ma-her'bal 

Ma'i-a 

Ma-jes'tas 

Ma-jo-ri-a'nus 

Ma-jor'ca 

Ma'la For-tu'na 

Mal'a-cha 

Ma-le'a 

Mal'ho, or Ma'tho 

Ma'Ii-a 

Ma']i-i 4 

Ma'Jis 

Mal'le-a, or Mal'li-a 

Mal'li-us 

Mal'los 

Mal-thi'nus 

Mal-va'na 

Ma-ma'us 

Ma-mer'cus 

Ma-mer'thes 

Mam-er-ti'na 

Mam-er-ti'ni 4 3 

Ma-mil'i-a 

Ma-mil'i-i 4 

Ma-mil'i-us 

Mam-mEe'a 

-ma'ri-u3 
Ma-mur'ra 
Ma-nas'ta-bal 
Man-ci'nus 
Man-da'ne 8 
Man-da'nes 
Man-de'Ia 
Man-do'ni-us 
Man'dro-cles 
Man-droc'li-das 
Man'dron 
Man-du'bi-i 4 
Man-du-bra'ti-us 
Ma'nes 
Ma-ne'tho 
Ma'ni-a 
Ma-nil' i-a 
Ma-iiil'i-ug 
Man'i-mi 4 
Man'li-a 

Man'li-us Tor-qua'tus 
Man 'n us 
Man-sue 'tus 
Man-ti-ne'a 
Man-ti-ne'us 
Man'ti-us 10 
Man'to 
Man'tu-a 
Mar-a-can'da 



MA 
Mar'a tha 
Mar'a-thon 
Mar'a-thos 
Mar-cel'la 
Mar-cel-li'nus Am-rni 

a'nua 
Mar-eel 'lus 
Mar'ci-a 10 
Mar-ci-a'na 
Mar-she-a'na 
Mar-ci-a-nop 'o-Iis 
Mar-ci-a'nus 10 
Mar'ci-us Sa-bi'nus 
Mar-eo-man'ni 
Mar'cus 
Mar'di 3 
Mar'di-a 
Mar-do'ni-u3 
Mar'dus 
Mar-e-o'tis 
Mar-gin' i-a, and 

Mar-gi-a'ni-a 
Mar-gi'tes 
Ma-ri'a or Ma'ri-af 
Ma-ri'a-ba 
Ma-ri-anm'ne 
Ma-ri-a'nae Fos'sce 
Ma-ri-an-dy'num 
Ma-ri-a'nus 
Ma-ri'ca 
Ma-ri'cl 3 
Mar'i-cus 
Ma-ri'na 
Ma-ri'nus 
Ma'ri-on 
Ma'ris 
Ma-ris'sa 
Mar'i-sus 
Ma-ri'ta 
Ma'ri-u3 
Mar'ma-cus 
Mar-ma-ren'ses 
Mar-mar'i-ca 
Mar-mar'i-dae 
Mar-ma'ri-on 
Ma'ro 1 
Mar-o-bud'u-i 3 
Ma'ron 
Mar-o-ne'a 
Mar-pe'si-a 10 
Mar-pes'sa 
Mar-pe'sus 
Mar'res 
Mar-ru'vi-um, or 

Mar-ru'bi-um 
Mars 
Mar'sa-la 
Mar-ssB'us 
Mar'se 8 
Mar'si 3 
Mar-sig'ni 3 
Mar-sy'a-ba 
Mar'tha 
Mar'ti-a 10 
Mar'she-a 
Mar-ti-a'lis 
Mar'ti-al (Eng.) 
Blar-ti-a'nus 
Mar-ti'na 
Mar-tin-i-a'nus 
Mar'ti-us 10 
Ma-rul'Jus 
Mas-se-syl'i-i 4 
Mas-i-nis'sa 
Mas'sa 
Mas'sa-ga 
Mas-sag'e-t3B 
Mas-sa'na 7 
Mas sa'ni 3 
Mas'si-cus 



ME 

Mas-sil'i-a 7 

Mas-sy'la 

Ma-su'ri-us 

Ma-tho 

Ma-ti-o'ni 

Ma-ti'nus 

Bla-tis'co 

Ma-tra'li-a 

Ma-tro'na 

Mat-ro-na']i-a 

Mat-ti'a-ci 3 

Ma-tu'ta 

Mau'ri 3 

Mau-ri-ta'ni-a 

Mau'rus 

Mau-ru'si-i 4 11 

Mau-so'lus 

Ma'vors 

Ma-vor'ti-a 10 

Max-en'ti-us 10 

Max-im-i-a'nus 

Max4-mil-i-a'na 

Max-i-mi'nus 

Max'i-min (Eng.) 

Max'i-mus 

Maz'a-ca 

Ma-za'ces 

Ma-zae'us 

Ma-za'res 

Maz'e-ras 

Ma-zi'ces, and 

Ma-zy'ges 
Me-e£e'nas, or 

Me^oe'nas 
Me-ciia'ne-us 
Me-cis'te-us 
Mec'ri-da 
Me-de'a 

Me-des-i-cas'te 8 
Me'di-a 7 
Me'di-as 
Med'i-cus 
Me-di-Jo-ma-tri'ces 
Me-di-o-ma-tri'ci 
Me-di-ox'u-mi 
Med-i-tri'na 
Me-do'a-cus, or 

Me-da'a-cus 
Med-o-bith'y-ni 
Me-dob'ri-ga 
Me 'don 

Me-don'ti-as 10 
Med-u-a'na 
Med-ul-li'na 
Me'dus 
Me-du'sa 
Me-gab'i-zi 
Meg-a-by'zus 
Meg'a-cles 
Me-gac'li-des 
Me-gm'ra 
Me-ga'le-as 
Meg-a-le'si-a 11 
Me-ga'li-a 
Meg-a-lop'o-lis 
Meg-a-me'de 8 
Meg-a-ni'ra 
Meg-a-pen'thes 
Meg'a-raJ 
Meg-a-re'us$ 
Meg'a-ris 
Me-gar'sus 
Me-gas'the-nes 
Me 'gas 
Me-gil'la 
Me-gis'ta 

Me'la Pom-po'n--&f 
Me-gis'ti-a 
Me-Iae'nae 
Me-lam'pus 



Avarning against, our pronouncing the West-India island St. 
Lu'cia as we sometimes hear it — St. Lucva. 

* Lupercal. — This word is so little interwoven with our 
language, that it ought to have its true Latin accent on the 
penultimate syllable. But wherever the antepenultimate ac- 
cent is adopted in verse, as in Shakspeare^s Julius Caesar, 
where Antony says, 

" You all did see that on the Lu'percal 
I thrice presented him a kingly crown" — 

we ought to preserve it. — Mr. Barry, the actor, who was in- 
formed by some scholar of the Latin pronunciation of this 



word, adopted it in this place, and pronounced it Ltiper'eaiy 
which grated every ear that heard him. 

t Maria. — This word, says Labbe, derived from the Hebrew- 
has the accent on the second syllable ; but when a Latin word, 
the feminine of Marius, it has the accent on the first. 

:|: Megara. — I have in this word followed Labbe, Ainsworth, 
Gouldman, and Holyoke, by adopting the antepenultimate ac- 
cent, in opposition to Lempriere, who accents the penultimate 
syllable. 

$ Megareus. — Labbe pronounces this word in four syllables, 
when a noun substantive ; but Ainsworth marks it as a trisyl- 
lable when a proper name, and, in my opinion, incorrectly. — 
See InoMENE0s. 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



ME 

Mel-anch-Iae'ni 

Me-lan'chrus 

Mel'a-ne 

Me-Ia'ne-U3 

Me-lan'i-da 

Me-ia'iii-oa 

Mel-a-nip'pe 

Mel-a-nip'pi-des 

Mel-a-nip'pus 

Mol-a-no'pus 

Mel-a-nos'y-ri 

Me-lan'thi-i 4 

Me-Ian'thi-U3 

Me-^aa tho 

M?- Ian thus 

Me as 

Mel-e-a'ger 

Mel-e-ag'ri-des 

Me-le-san'der 

Me'lcs 

Mel'e-se 

Mel-e-sig'e-nes, or 

Mel-e-sig'e-na 
Me'li-a 
Mel-i-boe'us 
Mel-i-cer'ta 
Mel-i-gu'nis 
Me-li'na 
Me-li'sa 7 
Me-lis'sa 
Me-lis'sus 
Mel'i-ta 
Mel'i-te 
Mel-i-te'ne 
Mel'i-tus (accuser of 

Socrates) 
Me']i-us 
Mel-ix-an'drus 
Me-lob'o-sis* 
Me'lon 
Me'los 
Mel'pi-a 
Mel-pom'e-ne 8 
Me-mac'e-ni 
Mem'mi-a 
Mem'mi-us 
Mem'non 
Mem 'phis 
Mem-phi'tis 
Me'na, or Me'nes 
Me-nal'cas 
Me-nal'ci-das 
Men-a-lip'pe 
Men-a-lip'pus 
Me-nan'der 
Me-na'pi-i 4 
Men'a-pis 
Me'nas 

Men-che'res 12 
Men'des 
Me-nec'les 
Men-e-cli'des 
Me-iiec'ra-tes 
Men-e-de mus 
Me-neg'e-tas 
Mea-e-la'i-a 
Men-e-la'us 
Me-neni-us A-grip'pa 
Men'c-phron 
Me'nes 
Me-nes'the-us, or 

Mnes'the-us 13 
Me-nes'te-us, or 

Men-es-the'i Por'tus 
JMe-nes'thi-us 
Meu's-tas 
Me-nip pa 
Me-nip'pi-deg 
r.le-nip'pus 
-^.le'ni-us 
i\Ien'nis 



MI 

Me-nod'o-tus 
Me-noe'ce-us 10 

Me-noe'tes 

Me-noe'ti-us 10 

Me'non 

Me-noph'i-lus 

Men'ta, or Min'the 

Men'tes 

Men-tis'sa 

Men'to 

Men 'tor 

Me-nyl'Ius 

Me'ra 

Me'ra, or Moe'ra 

Mer-cu'ri-us 

Mer'cu-ry (Eng.) 

Me-ri'o-nes 

Mer'me-rus 

Merm na-dae 

Mer'o-e 8 

Mer'o-pe 8 

Me'rops 

Me'ros 

Mer'u-la 

Me-sab'a-tes 

Me-sa'bi-us 

Me-«a'pi-a 

Me-sau'bi-us 

Me-sem'bri-a 

Me-se'ne 

Mes-o-m^'des 

Mes-o-po-ta'mi-a 

Mes-sa'la 

Mes-sa-li'na 3 

Mes-sa-li'nus 

Mes-sa'na 7 

Mes-sa'pi-a 

Mes'sa-tis 

Mes'se 3 

Mes-se'is 5 

Mes-se'ne, or Mes-s 

Mes-se'ni-a 

Mes'tor 

Me-su'la 

Met'a-bus 

Met-a-git'ni-a 

Met-a-ni'ra 

Met-a-pon'tum 

Met-a-pon'tus 

Me-tau'ras 

Me-tel'la 

Me-tel'li 3 

Me-thar'ma 

Me-thi'on 29 

Me-tho'di-us 

Me-tho'ne 8 

Me thyd'ri-ura 

Me-thym'na 

Me-ti-a-du'sa 21 

Me-tili-a 

Me-til'i-i 4 

Me-til'i-us 

Me-ti'o-chus 

Mc'ti-on ]1 

Me'tis 

Me-tis'cus 

Me'ti-us 10 

Me-tos'ci-a 10 

Me'ton 

Met'o-pe 8 

Me'tra 

Me-tro'bi-us 

Met'ro-cles 

Met-ro-do'rus 

]\Ie-tropli'a-nes 

Me-trop'o-lis 

Met'ti-us 10 

Me-va ni-a 

Me'vi-us 

Me-zen'ti-us 10 

Mi-ce'a 



MO 

Mi-cip'sa 

Mic'y-thus 24 

Mi'das 

Mi-de'a of Aigos 

Mid'e-a of Boeotia 

Mi-la'ni-on 

Mi-le'si-i 4 11 

Mi-les us 10 

Mi-le'ti-d 10 

Mi-le'ti-um 10 

Mi-le'tus 

Mil'i-as 

Mil'i-chus 12 

Mi-li'nus 

Mil-i-o'ni-a 

Mi'lo 

Mi-lo'ni-us 

Mil-ti'a-des 

Mil'to 

Mil'vi-us 

Mil'y-as 

Mi-mal'lo-nes 

Mi'mas 

Mim-ner'mus 

Min'ci-us 10 

Min'da-rus 

Mi-ne'i-des 

Mi-ner'va 

Min-er-va'li-a 

Min'i-o 

Min-nee'i 3 

Mi-no'a 

Mi-no 'is 

Mi'nos 

Min-o-tau'rus 

Min'the 

Min-tur'nee 

Mi-nu'ti-a 10 

Mi-nu'ti-us 10 

MIn'y-ae 6 

Min'y-as ' 

Min'y-cus 

Mi-ny'i-a 6 

Min'y-tus 

Mir'a-ces 

Mi-se'num 

Mi-se'nus 

Mi-sith'e-us 

Mi'thras 

Mith-ra-da'tes 

Mi-thre'nes 

Mith-ri-da'tes 

Mith-ri-da'tis 

Mith-ro-bar-za'nes 

Mit-y-le'ne, and 

Mit-y-le'n8B 
Mi'tys 
Miz-ae'i 
Mna-sal'ces 13 
Ma-sal' ces 
Mna'si-as 11 
Mnas'i-cles 
Mna-sip'pi-das 
Mna-sip'pus 
Mna-sith'e-us 
Mna'son 13 
Mna-syr'i-um 
Mne'mon 
Mne-mos'y-ne 3 
Mne-sar'chus 
Mne-sid'a-mus 
Mnes-i-la'us 
Mne-sim'a-che 
Mne-sim'a-clius 
Mnes'ter 
Mnes'the-us 13 
Mnos'ti-a 
Mnes'tra 
Mne'vis 
Mo-a-pher'nes 
Mo'di-a 



MU 
M(E'ci-a 5 10 
Moe'nus 
MoB-rag'e-tes 
Moe'ris 
Moe'di 
Mae'on 
MoB-on'i-des 
Mce'ra 
Mne'si-d 
Mo-gy'ni 
Mo-ie'i-a 
Mo-li'o-ne 
Mo'lo 
Mo-loe'is 
Mo-lor'chus 12 
Mo-los'si 3 
Mo-los'si-a, or 

Mo-los'sis 
Mo-los'su3 
Mol-pa'di-a 
Mol'pus 
Mo'lus 
Mo-Iyc'ri-on 
Mo-raem'phis 
Mo'mus 
Mo'ua 
Mo-nae'ses 
Mo-ne'sus 
Mo-ne'ta 
Mon'i-raa 
Mon'i-mus 
Mon'o-d>is 
Mo-noe'cus 
Mo-no 'le-u3 
Mo-noph'i-lus 
Mon-ta'nus 
Mo-noph a-ge 
Mon'y-chus 6 12 
Mon'y-mus 
Mo'phis 
Mop'si-um 10 
Mop-so'pi-a 
Mop'sus 

Mor-gan'ti-um 10 
Mor'i-ni 
Mor-i-tas'gus 
Mo'rj-us 
Mor'phe-us 
Mors 
Mo'rys 
Mo'sa 

Mos'chi 3 12 
Mos'chi-on 
Mos'chus 
Mo-sel'la 
Mo'ses 
Mo-sych'his 
Mos-y-nte'ci 3 
Mo-tho'ne 
Mo-ty'a 
Mu-ci-a'rns 
Mu'ci-us 10 
Mu'craa 
Mul'ci-ber 
Mu-lu'chat 
IMul'vi-us Pons 
Mum'mi-us 
Mu-na'ti-us 10 
Mun-da 
Mu-ni'tus 
Mu-nych'i-8B 4 
Mu-ras'na 
Miu-'cus 
Mu-re'tus 
Mur-gan'ti-a 10 
Mur-rhe'nus 
Mur'ti-a 10 
Mus 
Mu'sa An-to'ni-us 

Mu'siB 

Mu-sae'us 



NA 

Mu-so-'ni-us Ru'fua 
Mus-te'la 
Mu-thul'Ius 
Mu'ti-a 10 
Mu-til'i-a 
Mu'ti-naJ 
Mu-ti'nes 
Mu-ti'nus 
Mu'ti-us 10 
Mu-tu'nus, or 
Mu-tus'cae 
My-ag'rus, or My'o-<le>8 
Myc'a-le| 
Myc-a-les'sus 
My-ce'nae 
Myc-e-ri'nus 
Myc-i-ber'na 
Myc'i-thus 
My'con 
Myc'o-ne:j: 
My'don 
My-ec'pho-ris 
My-e'nus 
Myg'don 
Myg-do'ni-a 
Myg'do-nus 
My-ias'sa 
My'le, or My'las 
My'les 
My-lit'ta 
Myn'dus 
My'nes 
Myn'i-ffi 4 
My-o'ni-a 
Myr-ci'nus 
My-ri'cus 
My-ri'nus§ 
My-ri'na " 
Myr'i-CB 
Myr-mec'i-des 
Myr-mid'o-nes 
B'ty-ro'nus 
My-ro-ni-a'nus 
My-ron'i-des 
Myr'rha 
Myr'si-lus 
Myr'si-nus (a city) 
My-stal'i-des 
Myr'sus 

Myr'te-a (Venus) 
Myr-te'a (a city) 
Myr'ti-lus 
Myr-to'um Ma're 
Myr-tun'li-um 10 
Myr-tu'sa 
Myr'tis 
Myr'ta-le 
Myr-to'us 
My-scel'lus 
Mys'tes 
Mys'i-a 11 
My-so-ma-ced'o-nes 
My'son 
Myth'e-cus 
Myt-i-le'ne 
My 'us 



NAB-AR-ZA'NES 

Nab-a-thas'a 

Na'bis 

Na-dag'a-ra 

Nae'ni-a 

Noe'vi-us 

Nojv'o-lus 

Na-har'va-li 3 

Nai'a-des 

Na'is 



* Melohosis. — In this word I have given the preference to 
the antepenultimate accent, with Lab'je, Gouldman and Hol- 
yoke ; though the penultimate, which Lempriere has adopted, 
is more agreeable to the ear. 

t Mulucha. — This word is accented on the antepenultimate 
syllable by Labbe, Lempriere and Ainsworth ; and on the 
penultimate by Gouldman and Holyoke. Labbe, indeed, says 
ut volueris ; and I shall certainly avail myself of this permis- 
sion to place the accent on the penultimate ; for, when this 
syllable ends with u, the English have a strong propensity to 
place tlie accent on it, even in opposition to etymology, as in 
the word Arbutus, 



X Mycale and Mycone. — An English ear seems to have a 
strong predilection for the penultimate accent on these words 
but all our prosodists accent them on the antepenultimate 
The same may be observed of Mutina. — See note on Oryus. 

§ Myrinus. — Labbe is the only prosodist I have met with, 
who accents this word on the antepenultimate syllable ; and 
as this accentuation is so contrary to analogy, I have followed 
Lempriere, Ainsworth, Gouldman and Holyoke, with the ac- 
cent on the penultimate — See the word in the Terminational 
Vocabulary 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



96y 



NE 
Na-pae'eB 
Naph'i-lus 

Nar 

Nar'bo 

IVar-bo-nen'sis 

Nar-cee'us 

Nar-cis'sus 

Nar'ga-ra 

Na-ris'ci 3 

Nar'ni-a, or Nar'na 

Nar-the'cis 

Na-ryc'i-a 10 

Nar'ses 

Nas-a-mo'nes 

Nas'ci-o, or Na'ti-o 

Nas-i'ca* 

Na-sid-i-e'nus 

Na-sid'i-us 

Na'so 

Nas'sus, or Na'sus 

Nas'u-a 10 

Na-ta'li-a 

Na-ta'lis 

Nafta 

Nau'co-lus 

Nau'cles 

Nau'cra-tes 

Nau'cra-tis 

Nau'lo-chus 

Nau-pac'tus, or 

Nau-pac'tum 
Nau'pli-a 
Nau'pli-us 
Nau'ra 
Nau-sic'a-a3 
Nau'si-cles 
Nau-sira'e-nes 
Nau-sith'o-e 
Nau-sith'o-us 
Nau'tes 17 
Na'va 

Na'vi-us Ac'ti-us 
Nax'os 
Ne-se'ra 
Ne-Ee'thus 
Ne-al'cos 
Ne-al'i-ces 
Ne-an'thes 
Ne-ap'o-lis 
Ne-ar'chus 
Ne-bro'des 
Ne-broph'o-nos 
Ne'chos 
Nec-ta-ne'bu3, and 

Nec-tan'a-bis 
Ne-cys'i-a 10 
Ne'is 
Ne'le-us 
Ne'lo 
Ne-mse a 
Ne'me-af 
Ne-me-si-a'nus 21 
Nem'e-sis 
Ne-me'si-us 10 
Nem-o-ra'li-a 
Nem'e-tes 
Ne ine'us 
Ne-o-bu'leJ: 
Ne-o-caes-a-re'a 



. NI 
Ne-och'a-bis 
Ne'o-cles 
Ne-og'e-nes 
Ne-om'o-ris 
Ne'on 

Ne-on-ti'chos 12 
Ne-op-tol'e-mus 
Ne'o-ris$ 
Ne'pe 

J\e-pha''li-a 
Neph'e-le 
Nepb-or-i'tes 
Ne'phus 
Ne'pl-a 
Ne'pos 

Ne-po-ti-a'nus 12 
Nep'thys 
Nep-tu'ni-a 
Nep-tu'ni-um 
Nep-tu'ni-us 
Nep-tu'nus 
JVep'tune (Eng.) 
Ne-re'i-des 
Me're-ids (Eng.) 
Ne-re'i-us 
Ne're-us|| 
Ne-ri'ne 
Ner'i-phu3 
Ner'i-tos 
Ne'ri-us 
Ne'ro 
Ne-ro'ni-a 
Ner-to-brig'i-a 
Ner'u-lum 
Ner'va Coc-ce'i-us 
Ner'vi-i 3 
Ne-sce'a 

Ne-sim'a-chus 12- 
Ne-si-o'pe 
JVe-she-o'pe 
Ne-so'pe 
Ne'sis 
Nes'sus 
Nes'to-cies 
Nes'tor 
Nes-to'ri-us 
Nes'tus, or Nes'sus 
Ne't.um 
Ne'u-ri 
Ni-cae'a 
Ni-cag'o ras 
Ni-can'der 
Ni-ca'nor 
Ni-car'chus 
Nic-ar-thi'des 
Ni-ca'tor 
Ni'ce 8 

Nic-e-pho'ri-um 
Nic-e-pho'ri-us 
Ni-cepb'o-rus 
Nic-er-a'tus 
Ni-ce'tas 
Nic-e-te'ri-a 
Nic'i-a 10 
Nic'i-as 10 
]\i-cip'pe 
Ni-cip'pus 
Ni'co 
Ni-coch'a-res 



NO 

Nio'o-cles 
Ni-coc'ra-les 
Ni-co'cre-on 
Nic-o-de'mu9 

Nic-o-do'rus 

Ni-cod'ro-mus 

Nic-o-la'us 

Ni-com'a-cha 

Ni-com'a-chus 

Nic-o-me'des 

Nic-o-me'di-a 

Ni'con 

Ni-co'ni-a 

Nic'o-phron 

Ni-cop'o-lis 

Ni-cos'tra-ta 

Ni-cos'tra-tus 

Nic-o-te'le-a 

Ni-cot'e-les 

Ni'ger 

Ni-gid'i-us Fig'u-liis 

Ni-gri'taj 

Ni'le-ns 

Ni'lus 

Nin'ni-us 

Nin'i-as 

Ni'nus 

Nin'y-as 

Ni'o-be 

Ni-phae'us 

Ni-pha'tes 

Ni'phe 

Nir'e-us 

Ni'sa 

Ni-sae'a 

Ni-sae'e 

Ni-se'i~a 

Nis'i-bis 

Ni'sus 

Ni-sy'ros 

Ni-te'tis 

Ni-to'cris 

Nit'ri-a 

No 'as 

Noc'mon 

Noc-ti-lu'ca 

No'la 

Nom-en-ta'nus 

Nom'a-des 

ISo'mae 

No-men'tum 

No'mi-i 3 

No 'mi-US 

No-na'crisU 

No'ni-us 

Non'ni-us 

Non'nus 

No'pi-a, or Cno'pi-a 

No'ra 

No 'rax 

Nor'ba 

Nor-ba'nus, C. 

Nor'i-cum 

Nor-thip'pns 

Nor'ti-a 10 

No'thus 

No'nus 

No'ti-um 10 _ 

No'tus 



oc 

No-va'tus 
No-\'i o-du'num 
No-vi-om'a-gum 
No'vi-us Pris'cus 
Nox 

Nu-ce'ri a 
Nu-iin'o-nes 
Nu'ma Pom-pil'i-U3 
Nu-ma'na 
Nu-man'ti-a 
Nu-man-ti'na 
Nu-ma'nus Rem'u-Ias 
Nu'me-nes 
Nu-me'ni-a, or 
Ne-o-me'ni-a 
Nu-me'ni-us 
Nu-me-ri-a'nus 
Nu-me'ri-us 
Nu-mi'cus** 
Nu''mi-da 
Nu-mid'i-a 
Nu-mid i-us 
Nu' mi-tor 
Nu-mi-to'ri-us 
Nu-mo'ni-us 
Nun-co 're-US 
Nun'di-naft 
Nun'di-naj 
Nur'sse 
Nur'sci-a 
Nur'si-a 19 
Nu'tri-a 
Nyc-te'is 
Nyc-te']i-us 
Nyc'te-us 
Nyc-tim'e-ne 
Nye'ti-mus 
Nym-bse'um 
Nym'phae 
JVymphs (Eng.) 
Nym-phse'um 
Nym-phse'us 
Nym-phid'i-us 
Nym'phis 
Nym-pho-do'rus 
Nym-pho-lep'tes 
Nym'phon 
Nyp'si-us 
Ny'sa, or Nys'sa 
Ny-sae'us 
Ny'sas 
Ny-se'i-us 
Ny-si'a-des 
Ny-sig'e-na 
Ny-si'ros 
Nys'sa 



o. 



O'A-RUS 

O-ar'ses 

O'a-sis 

0-ax'es 

0-ax'us 

Ob-ul-tro'ni-us 

O-ca'le-a, or O-ca'li-a 

O-ce'a-naJJ 



OF 

0-ce-an'i-deg, and 

O-ce-an it'i-des 
O-ce a-nus 
O-co'i-a 
0-cel'lus 
Oce'lum 
O'cha 

O-che'si-us 11 
O'chus 12 
Oc'nus 
O-cric'u-lum 
O-crid'i-on 
O-cris'i-a 
Oc-ta-cil'li-us 
Oc-ta'vi-a 
Oc itt-vi-a'nu3 
Oc-ta'vi-us 
Oc-tol'o-phum 
O-cy'a-lus 
0-cyp'e-te 8 
O-cyr'o-o 
Od-e-na'tus 
0-des'sus 
0-di'nus 
0-di'tes 
Od-o-a'cer 
Od-o-man'ti 3 
Od'o-nes 
Od'ry-SEB 
0-dys'se-a 
Od'ys-sey (Eng.) 
a3-ag'a-rus,§§ and 

CE'a-ger 5 
CE-an'thse, and 

OS-an'thi-a 
(E'ax 5 
CE-ba'li-a 
CEb'a-lus 5 
CEb'a-res 
CE-cha'li-a 
QEc'le-U3 
CE-cli'des 
QEc-u-me'ni-us 
CEd-j-po'di-a 
CEd'i-pus 5 
GE'me 8 
Qil-nan'thes 
CE'ne 
CE'ne-a 
QE'ne-us 
CE-ni'des 
CEn'o-e 
CE-nom'a-us 
GE'non 
CE-no na 7 
GE-no'ne 8 
CE-no'pi-a 
CE-nop'i-des 
CE no'pi-on 
GEn'o-tri 3 
GE-no'tri-a 
CEn'o-trus 
CE-nu'sae 
CE'o-nus 
CEr'o-e 8 
GE'ta 7 

CEt'y-lus, or CEt'v-luiiti 
O-fel'lus 
O'fi 3 



* [This word is erroneously marked by the author JVas'i- 
ca, — See Lempriere and Forcellink — Ed.] 

t [Tliis word is erroneously marked by the author JVe- 
me'a. — See Forcellini, and Virgil, J3noid. viii. 295.— Ed.] 

I .A''eobule. — Labbe, Ainsworth, Gouldman, Littleton and 
Holvoke, give this word the penultimate accent, and therefore 
I have preferred it to the antepenultimate accent, given it by 
Lempriere ; not only frcm the number of authorities in its 
favor, but from its being more agreeable to analogy. 

§ JSTeoris. — The authorities are nearly equally balanced be- 
tween the penultimate and antepenultimate accent ; and there- 
fore I may say, as Labbe sometimes does, utvolueris .- but I am 
inclined rather to the antepenultimate accent, as more agreoa- 
b e to analogy, though I think the penultimate more agreeable 
tJ the ear. 
I J^ereus. — 

" Old JVcreus to the Sea was born of Earth — 
J^ereus, who claims the precedence in birth 
To their descendants ; him old god they call, 
Because sincere and affable to all." 

Cooke's Hesiod. Theog. v. 357. 
T JVonacris -Labbe, Ainsworth, Gouldman and Holvoke 



give this word, the antepenultimate accent; but Lempriere 
Littleton, and the Graduses, place the accent, more agreeably 
to analogy, on the penultimate. 
** J^amkus. — 

" : Our fleet Apollo sends 

Where Tuscan Tiber rolls with rapid force, 
And where J^Tumicus opes his holy source." 

Dryden. 

] ,- JSTundina. — Lempriere places the accent on the penulti 
mate syllable of this word ; but Labbe, Gouldman and Hoi 
yoke on the antepenultimate. Ainsworth marks it in the 
same manner among the appeliatives, nor can there be any 
doubt of its propriety. 

XX Oceana.— So prone are the English to lay the accent on 
the penultimate of words of this termination, that we scarce- 
ly ever hear the famous Oceana of Harrington pronounced 
otherwise. 

$§ (Eagarus.— This diphthong, like cb, is pronounced . as 
the 'single vowel e. If the conjecture concerning the sound 
of m was right, the middle sound betAveen the o and e of tho 
ancients must, in all probability, have been the sound of our 
a in water. — See the word M&. 



970 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



ON 

Og-dol'a-pia 

Og-do'rua 

Og'mi-us 

Og'o-a 7 

O-gul'ni-a 

Og'y-ges* 

O-gyg'i-a 

Og'y-ria 

O-ic'le-ua 

0-il'&-us 

O-i-li'des 

Ol'a-ne 8 

O-la'nus 

Ol'ba, or Ol'bus 

a'bi-a 

Ol'bi-us 

Ol-chin'i-um 

O-Ie'a-ros, or 

Ol'i-ros 20 
O-Ie'a-trum 
O'len 
Ol'e-nus, or 

Ol'e-num 20 
Ol'ga-sys 
Ol-i-gyr'tis 
O-lin'thus 
Ol-i-tin'gi 
Ol'li-us 
Ol-lov'i-co 
Ol'mi-us 
0-lin'i-ffi 
01-o-phyx'u3 
O-lyrn'pe-um 
O-lym'pi-a 
0-Iym'pi-as 
0-lym-pi-o-do'ru8 
O lym-pi-os'the-nes 
0-lym'pi-us 
0-lym'pu3 
0]-ym-pu'sa 
O-lyn 'thus 
O-ly'ras 
O-lyzon 
0-ma'ri-us 
Om'bi 3 
Om'bri 3 
Om'o-le 
Om-o-pha'gi-a 
Om'pha-let 
Om'pha-los 

O-nae'uir, or 0-aB'ne-utn 
O-na'rus 
O-nas'i-mus 
O-na'tas 
On-ches'tus 
O-ne'i-on 
O-nes'i-mus 
Oii-e-sip'pug 
O-ne'si-us 10 
Oa-e-tor'i-des 
On-e-sic'ri-tus 
O'ni-um 
On'o-ba 10 
O-noch'o-nus 
On-o-mac'ri.-tus 
On-o-mar'chus 
On-o-mas-tor'i-des 
On-o-mas'tus 
On'o-phas 
On'o-phis 
On-o-san'der 



OR 

On'y-thes 

Opa'li-a 

O-phe'as 

O-phel'tes 

O-phen'sis 

O'phi-a 

O-phi'on 29 

0-phi-o'ne-u9 

O-phi-u'cus 

O-phi-u'sa 

Op'i-ci 

0-pig'e-na 

O'pia 

O-pil'i-us 

Op'i-ter 

0-pim'i-us 

Op-i-ter-gi'ni 

O-pi'tea 

Op'pi-a 

Op-pi-a'nus 

Op-pi'di-us 

Op'pi-us 

0'pu3 

Op-ta'tus ' 

Op'ti-mus 

O'ra 7 

0-rac'u-lum 

0-rEB'a 

Or'a-sus 

Or-be'lus 

Or-bild-us 

Or-bo'na 

Or'ca-des 

Or-cha'lis 

Or'cha-mus 

Or-chom'e-nus, or 
Or-chom'e-nuin 

Or'cus 

Or-cyn'i-a 

Or-des'su3 

O-re'a-des 

O're-ads (Eng.) 

O're-as 

O-res'tsB 

0-res'tes 

0-res'te-um 

Or-es-ti'dae 

Or'e-tcB * 

Or-e-ta'ni 3 

Or-8-til'i-a 

O-re'nra 

Or'ga, or Or'gas 

Or-ges'sum 

Or-get'o-rix 

Or'gi-a 

0-rib'a-sus 

Or'i-cum, or Or'i-f*-n 

O'ri-ens 

Or'i-gen 

0-ri'go 

0-ri'nu3 

0-ri-ob'a-tes 

O-ri'on 29 

0-ris'sus 

Or-i-sul'la Liv'i-a 

0-ri't33 5 

O-rith-y-i'a 

0-rit'i-as 10 

0-ri-ua'du3 

Or'me-nus 20 

Or'ne-a 



OX 

Or'ne-U3 

Or-ni'thon 

Or'ni-tU3 

Or-nos'pa-des 

Or-nyt'i-on 11 

O-ro'bi-a 

0-ro'des 

O-roe'tes 

O-rom'e-don 

0-ron'tas 

O-ron'tes 

Or-o-pher'nes 

0-ro'pus 

O-ro'si-us 11 

Or'phe-usJ 

Or-sed'i-ce 

Or-se'is 

Or-sil'lu3 

Or-sil'o-chus 

Or'si-nes 4 

Or-sip'pus 

Or'ta-lus, M. 

Or-thag'o-ras 

Or'the 8 

Or-thae'a 

Or'thi-a 4 7 

Or'thru3 

Or-tyg'i-a 

Or-tyg'i-us 

O'rus 

O-ry-an'der 

0-ry'iis§ 

O'ryx 

Os-cho-pho'ri-a 

03 'ci 3 

Os'ci-us 10 

Os'cus 

0-sin'i-us 

0-3i'ris 

0-sis'mi-i 

Os'pha-gus 

Os-rho-e'ne 

Os'sa 

Os-te-o'de3 

Os'ti-a 

Os-to'ri-us 

Os-trog'o-thi 

Os-y-man'dy-as 

Ot-a-cil'i-us~ 

0-ta'nes 

Oth'ma-rus 

O'tho, M. Sal'vi-us 

Oth-ry-o'ne-us 

O'thrys 

O'tre-us 

O-tri'a-des 

O-troe'da 

O'tus 

O'tys 

0-vid'i-us 

Ov'id (Eng.) 

0-vin'i-a 

0-viii'i-u3 

Ox-ar'tes 

Ox-id 'a-tes 

Ox'i-mes 

Ox-i'o-nae 

Ox'us 

Ox-y'a-res 

Ox-y-ca'nus 

Ox-yd'ra-cse 



PA 

Ox'y-lus 

Ox-yn'thes 

Ox-yp'o-rus 

Ox-y-rin-chi't3e 

Ox-y-ryn'chus 

O-zi'nes 

Oz'o-lae, or Oz'o-li 



PA-CA-TI-A'NUS 21 

Pac'ci-u3 10 

Pa'che3 12 

Pa-clii'nus 

Pa-co'ni-us 

Pac'o-rus 

Pac-to'lus 

Pac'ty-as 

Pac'ty-es 

Pa-cu'vi-us 

Pa-dae'i 3 

Pad'u-a 

Pa'dus 

Pa-du'sa 

Pay an 

Pae'di-us 

Pae-ma'ni 3 

Pas 'on 

Pae'o-nes 

Pae-o'ni-a 

Pae-on'i-des 

Pse'os 

Pee' SOS 

PiEs'tum 

Pae-to'vi-um 

Pse'tus Cae-cin'na 

Pag'a-sae, or Pag'a-sa 

Pag'a-sus 

Pa'gus 

Pa-]a'ci-uni, or 

Pa-Ia'ti-um 10 
Pa-lae'a 
Pal-ae-ap'o-lis 
Pa-lsB'mon, or 

Pal'e-mon 
Pa-leep'a-phos 
Pa-lceph'a-tus 
Pa-loep'o-lis 
Pa-lass'te 
Pal-ae-sti'na 
Pa-lae-sti'nus 
Pal-a-me'des 
Pa-]an'ti-a 10 
Pa-lan'ti-um 10 
Pal-a-ti'nus 
Pa'le-isj or Pa'lae 
Pa'les 

Pal-fu'ri-U3 Su'ra 
Pa-li'ci, or Pa-Iis'ci 
Pa-lil'i-a 
Pal-i-nu'rus 
Pal-i-sco'rum, or 

Pal-i-co'rum 
Pal'la-des 
Pal-]a'di-um 
Pal-la'di-us 
Pal-lan-te'um 
Pal-lan'ti-as 
Pal-lan'ti-des 



PA 

Pal-Ian 'ti-on 28 

Pal'las 

Pal-le'ne 8 

Pal'ma 

Pal-my'ra|| 

Pal-phu'ri-us 

Pal-mi'sos 

Pam'me-nesIT 

Pam'mon 

Pam'pa 

Pam'phi-lus 

Pam'phos 

Pam'phy-la 

Pam-phyl'i-a 

Pan 

Pan-a-ce'a 

Pa-nsB'ti-us 10 

Pan'a-res 

Pan-a-ris'te 

Pan-ath-e-nae'a 

Pan-chae'a, or 

Pan-che'a, or 

Pan-cha'i-a 
Pan'da 
Pan'da-ma 
Pan-da'ri-a 
Pan'da-rus 
Pan'da-tes 
Pan-de'mus 
Pan'di-a 
Pan'dVon 11 
Pan-do'ra 
Pan-do'si-a 11 
Pan'dro-sos 

Pan'e-nus, or Pa-nae'ua 
Pan-gSB'us 
Pa-ni'a-3is 
Pa-ni-o'ni um 
Pa'ni-U3 20 
Pan-no'ni-a 
Pan-om-phse'us 
Pan'o-pe, or Pan-o-pe'a 
Pan'o-pes 
Pa-no 'pe-us 
Pa-no'pi-on 
Pa-nop'o-lis 
Pa-nor'mus 
Pan'sa, C. 
Pan-tag-nos'lHS 
Pan-ta'gy-as 
Pan-ta'Ie-on 
Pan-tau'chus 
Pan'te-us 
Pan'thi-des 
Pan-the'a 
Pan'the-on** 
Pan'the-us, or Pan'thua 
Pan-lho'i-des 4 
Pan-ti-ca-pae'um 
Pan-tic'a-pes 
Pan-til'i-u3 
Pa-ny'a-sis 
Pa-ny'a-sus 
Pa-paj'us 
Pa-pha'ges 
Pa'phi-a 
Paph-la-go'ni a 
Pa'phos 
Paph' us 
Pa-pi-a'nus 
Pa'pi-asft 



-This word is by all our prosodists accented on 
the first syllable, and, consequently, it must sound exactly as if 
written Odd'je-jez ; and this, however odd to an English ear^ 
must be complied with. 

t Omphale. — The accentuation which a mere English speak- 
er would give to this word was experienced a few years ago by 
a pantomime called Hercules and Omphale ; when the whole 
town concurred in placing the accent on the second syllable, 
till some classical scholars gave a check to this pronunciation 
by placing the accent on the first. This, however, was far 
from banishing the former manner, and disturbed the public 
ear without correcting it. Those, however, who would not 
wish to be numbered among the vulgar, must take care to 
avoid the penultimate accent. 
X Orpheus. — See Idomeneus 
§ Orijus. — 

'• And, at once, Broteas and Oryus slew : 
Oryus^ mother, Mycale, was known 
Down from her sphere to draw the lab'ring moon." 

Garth's Ovid. Met. 
fl Palmyra. — Nothing can be better fixed in an English ear 
than the penultimate accentuation of this word : this pronun- 



ciation is adopted by Ainsworth and Lempriere. Gouldman 
and Holyoke seem to look the other Avay ; but Labbe sS'ys the 
more learned give this word the antepenultimate accent, and 
that this accent is more agreeable to the general rule. Those, 
however, must be pedantic coxcombs, who should attempt to 
disturb the received pronunciation when in English, because 
a contrary accentuation may possibly be proved to be more 
agreeable to Greek or Latin. 

IT Pamm.enes. — I find this word no where but in Lempriere, 
who accents it on the penultimate ; but as all words of this 
termination have the antepenultimate accent, till this appears 
an exception, I shall venture to alter it. 

** Pantheon. — This word is universally pronounced with the 
accent on the second syllable in English, but in Latin it has 
its first syllable accented ; and this accentuation makes so slight 
a difference to the ear, that it ought to have the preference. 

ft Papias. — This is the name of an early Christian writer, 
who first propagated the doctrine of the millennium ; and it 
is generally pronounced with the accent on the second syllable, 
but I believe corruptly, since Labbe has adopted the antepe- 
nultimate accent, who must be well acquainted with the true 
pronunciation of ecclesiastical characters. 



i 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



971 



PE 

Pa-pin-i-a'nu3 

Pa-pin'i-us 

Pa-pir'i-a 

Pa-pir'i-u3 

Pap' pus 

Pa-pyr'i-us 

Par-a-bvs'ton 

Par-a-di'sus 

Pa-rEet'a-«iE 

Par-ae-to'ni-um 

Par'a-li 3 

Par'a-lus 

Pa-ra'si-a 11 

Pa-ra'si-us 11 

Par'cffl 

Par'is 

Pa-ris'a-des 

Pa-ris'i-i 4 

Par'i-3us 

Pa'ri-um 

Par'ma 1 

Par-men 'i-des 

Par-me'ni-o 

Par-nas'sus 

Par'nes 

Par-nes'sus 

Par'ni 3 

Pa'ron 

Par-o-re'i-a 

Pa'ros 

Par-rha'si-a 10 

Par-rha'si-us 10 

Par-tha-mis'i-ris 

Par-tha'on 

Par-the'ni-a 

Par-the'ni-DBj and 

Par-t'ie'ni-i 4 
Par-the'ni-on 
'Par-the'ni-us 
Par'the-non 
Par-then-o-pee'us 
Par-then'o-pe 8 
Par'thi-a 
Par-thy-e'ne 
Pa-rys'a-des 
Par-y-sa'lis* 
Pa-sar'ga-da 
Pa'se-as 
Pas'i-cles 
Pa-sic'ra-tes 
Pa-siph'a-e 
Pa-sith'e-a 
Pa-sit' i-gris 
Pas'sa-ron 
Pas-si-e'nu3 
Pas'sus 
Pat'a-ra 
Pa-ta'vi-um 
Pa-ter'cu-lus 
Pa-tiz'i-thes 
Pat'mos 
Pa 'tree 
Pa'tro 
Pa-tro'c]es 
Pa-tro'cli 
Pa-tro'clusf 
Pat-ror-cli'des 
Pa'tron 
Pat'ro-us 
Pa-tul'ci-us 10 
Pau'la 
Pau-li'na 7 
Pau-li'nus 
Pau'lus 7E-myl'i-ii 
Pau-sa'ni-as 
Pau'si-as 11 
Pa'vor 
Pax 
Pax'os 
Pe'as 



PE 

Pe-da'ci-a 10 

Pe-d as'us 

Pe-da'ni 

Pe-da'ni-us 

Psed'a-sus 

Pe-di'a-dis 

Pe-di-a'nus 

Pe'di-as 

Pe'di-us Blae'sus 

Pe'do 

Pe'dum 

Pe-gas'i-des 

Peg'a-sis 

Peg'a-sus 

Pel'a-gon 

Pe-lar'ge 

Pe-las'gi 3 

Pe-las'gi-a, or 

Pe-las-gi'o-tis 
Pe-las'gus 
Pel-e-thro'ni-i 4 
Pe'le-us 
Pe-li'a-des 
Po'li-as 
Pe-li'des 
Pe-Iig'ni 
Pe-lig'nus 
Pel-i-nae'us 
Pel-i-nae'um 
Pe'li-on 
Pe'li-um 
Pel'la 
Pei-la'naj 
Pel-le'ne 

PeJ-o-pe'a, or Pel-o-pi'a 
Pel-o-pe'i-a 
Pe-lop'i-das 
Pel-o-pon-ne'sus 
Pe'lops 
Pe'lor 
Pe-lo'ri-a 

Pe-lo'rum, or Pe-lo'rus 
Pe-lu'si-um 10 
Pe-ra'tes 
Pen-da'li-um 
Pe-ne'i-a, Pen'e-is 
Pe-ne'li-us 
Pe-nel'o-pe 
Pe'ne-us, or Pe-ne'us 
Pen'i-da.s 
Pen-tap'o-lis 
Pen-tho-si-le'a 
Pen'the-U3 
Pen'thi-lus 
Pen'thy-lus 
Pep-ar-e'thos 
Peph-re'do 
Pe-rae'a 7 
Per-a-sip'pus 
Per-co'pe 8 
Per-co' si-US 11 
Per-co'te 
Per-dic'cas 
Per'dix 
Pe-ren'na 
Pe-ren'ni3 
Pe' re-US 
Per'ga 
Per'ga-mus 
Per'ge 8 
Per'gus 
Pe-ri-an'der 
Pe-ri-ar'chus 
Per-i-boe'a 
Per-i-bo'mi-us 
Per'i-cles 
Per-i-clyra'e-nus 
Pe-rid'i-a 

-ri-e-ge'tes 
Pe-ri-e'res 



PH 

Pe-rig'e-ne3 

Pe-rig'o-ne 

Per-i-la'us 

Per-i-le'us 

Pe-ril'la 

Pe-riMus 

Per-i-me'de 8 

Per-i-me'la 

Pe-rin'thus 

Per-i-pa-tet'i-ci 3 

Per'i-pa-tetr-ics (Eng.) 

Pe-riph'a-nes 

Per'i-phas 

Pe-riph'a-tus 

Per-i-phe'mus 

Per-pho-re'tus 

Pe-ris'a-des 

Pe-ris'tlie-nes 

Pe-rit'a-nu3 

Per'i-tas 

Per-i-to'ni-um 

Pe'ro, or Per'o-ne 

Por'o-o 8 

Per-mes'sus 

Per'o-la 

Per-pen'na, M. 

Per-pe-re'ne 

Per-ran'thes 

Per-rhae'bi-a 

Per'sa, or Per-se'is 

Per'saB 

Per-sffi'us 

Per-se'e 

Per-se'is 

Per-seph'o-ne 

Per-sep'o-lis 

Per'se-us, or Per'ses 

Per'se-us 

Per'si-a 10 

Per'sis 

Per'si-us Flac'cus 

Per'ti-nax 

ru'si-a jO 
Pes-cen'ni-us 

-ci'nus 
Pe-ta'li-a 
Pet'a-lus 
Pe-te'li-a 
Pet-e-li'nus 
Pe-te'on 
Pe'te-us 
Pe-tJl'i-a 
Pe-til'i-i 3 
Pc-til'i-us 
Pet-o-si'ris 
Pe'tra 
Pe-tra;'a 
Pe-tre'i-us 
Pe-t,ri'num 
Pe-tro'ni-a 
Pe-tro'ni-us 
Pet'ti-us 
Peu'ce 8 
Peu-ces'tes 
Peu-ce'ti-a 10 
Peu-ci'ni 4 
Peu-co-la'us 
Pex-o-do'ru3 
Pha)'a 

Phae-a'ci-a 10 
Phse'ax 
Phsed'i-mus 
Phae'don 
Phae'dra 
Phaj'dri-a 
PhsB'drus 
Phsed'y-ma 5 
Pha!-]non'o-e 
Phsen-a-re'te 
Phse'ni-as 



PH 

Phsen'na 

PhEBn'nis 

Pliae-oc'o-mes 

PhsBs'a-na 

phses'tum 

Pha'e-ton 

Pha-e-ton-ti 'a-des 

Pha-e-tu'sa 

Phae'us 

Pha-ge'si-a 10 

Pha'te 

Pha-lse'cus 

Pha-iffi'si-a 11 

Pha-lan'thus 

Phal'a-ris 

Pha-nas 

Phal'a-Tus 

Phal'ci-don 

Pha'le-as 

Pha-le're-us| 

Pha-le'ris 

Pha-le'ron, or 

Phal'e-rum 
Pha-le'rus 
Pha'li-as 
Phal'li-ca 
Pha-lys'i-us 10 
Pha-naB'us 
Phan-a-rse'a 
Pha'nes 
Pban'o-cles 
Phan-o-de'mus 
Phan-ta'si-a 10 
Pha'nus 
Pha'on 
Pha'ra 

Pha-rac'i-des 24 
Pha'cer, or Phe'rae 
Pha-ras'ma-nes 
Pha'rax 
Pha'ris 

Phar-me-cu'sa 
Phar-na-ba'zu3 
Phar-na'ce-a 
Phar-na'ces§ 
Phar-na-pa'tcs 
Phar-nas'pes^ 
Phar'nus 
Pha'ros 
Phar-sa'Ii-a 
Phar'te 
Pha'rus 
Pha-ru'si-i, or 

Phau-ra'si-i 4 
Pha'si-as 
Phar'y-bus 
Pha-ryc'a-don 
Phar'y-ge 
Pha-se'lis 
Pha-si-a'na 
Pha'sis 
Phas'sus 
Pbau'da 
Phav-o-ri'nu3 
Pha-yl'lus 
Phe'a, or Phe'i-a 
Phe-ca'dum 
Phe'ge-us, or Phle'ge- 
Phel'li-a 
Phel'lo-e 
Phel'lus 
Pho'mi-us 
Phe-mon'o-e 8 
Phe-ne'um 
Phe'ne-us (lacus) 
Phe'rse 
Phe-rae'us 
Phe-rau'les 
Phe-rec'lus 
Phe-rec'ra-tes 



PH 

Pher-e-cy'dea 

Phe-ren-da'tes 

Pher-o-ni'ce 29 

Phe'res 

Phe-re'ti-as 10 

Pher-e-ti'raa 

Pher'i-num 

Phe'ron 

Phi'a-Je 

Phi-a'li-a, or Phi-ga li-a 

Phi'a-lus 

Phic'o-res 

Phid'i-as 

Phid'i-le 

Piii-dip'pi-des 

Phi-dit'i-a 10 

Phi'don 

Phid'y-le 

Phig-a'le-i 

Phi'la 

Pliil-a-del'phi-a 

Piiil-a-del'phus 

Phi'liB 

Pbi-lffi'ni 

Phi-lse'us 

Phi-lam'mon 

Phi-lar'chus 12 

Phi-le'mon 

Phi-le'ne 8 

Pni-le'ris 

Phil'e-ros 

Phi-le'si-us 19 

Phil-e-tae'ru3 

Phi-Ie'tas 

Phi-le'ti-us 10 

Pliil'i-das 

Phil'i-des 

Phi-lin'na 

Phi-li'nus 

Phi-lip'pe-i 

Phi-lip'pi 

Phi-iip'pi-des 

Phi-lip'po-lis 

Phi-lip-pop'o-lis 

Phi-lip'pus 

Phi-lis'cu3 

Phi-lis'ti-on 11 

Phi-lis'tus 

Phil'lo 

Pni'lo 

Phil-o-boe'o-tu3 

Phi-]oeh'o-rus 

Phil'o-cles 

Plii-loc'ra-tos 

Phil-oc-te tes 

Phil-o-cy'prus 

Piiil-o-da-me'a 

Phil-o-de'mus 

Phi-lod'i-ce 

Phil-o-la'us 

Phi-lol'o-gus 

Phi-lom'a-che 

Phi-!om'bro-tu3 

Phil-o-ine'di-a|| 

Phil-o-me'dus 

Pbil-o-me'la 

Phil-o-me'lus 

Phi'lon 

Phi-lon'i-des 

Phil'o-nis 

Phi-lon'o-e 8 

Phi-Ion 'o-me 

Phi-Jon 'o-mus 

Phil'o-nus 

Phi-lop'a-tor 

Phil'o-phron 

Phil-o-pce'men 

Phi-los'tra-tus 

Phi-Io'tas 

Phi-lot'e-ra 



* Parysatis. — Labbe tells us that some prosodists contend 
that this word ought to be accented on the antepenultimate 
syllable, and we find Lempriere has so accented it ; but so 
oopular a tragedy as Alexander, which every wher^} accents 
the penultimate, has fixed this pronunciation in our own coun- 
try beyond a doubt. 

t Patroclus, — Lempriere, Ainsworth, Gouldman and Hol- 
ynke accent the penultimate syllable of this word ; but Labbe 
the antepenultimate : our Graduses pronounce it either way ; 
but I do not hesitate to prefer the penultimate accent ; and, 
till some good reason be given for the contrary, I think Patro- 
cles the historian, and Patrocli a small island, ought to be 
pro;iou;iced with the same accent as the friend of Achilles. 



J Phalereiis. — There is some doubt among the learned 
Avhether this word ought to be pronounced in three or four syl- 
lables ; that is, as Pkal-e-reus, or Pha-le-re-us. The latter 
mode, however, with the accent on the antepenultimate, seems 
to 08 the most eligible. 

§ Pharnaces. — All our prosodists accent the antepenulti- 
mate syllable of this word ; but an English ear is strongly in- 
clined to accent the penultimate, as in Arbaces and Arsaces, 
which see. 

II Philomedia. — 

" Nor less by Philomedia known on earth ; 
A name derived immediate from her birth " 

Cooke's Hesiod. Theog. v. 311 . 



972 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



PH 

Phi-lot'i-mus 

Phi-lo'tis 

Phi-lox'e-nu8 

Phi-lyl'li-us 

Phil'y-ra 

Phjl'y-res 

Phi-lyr'i-dea 

Pbi-rie'us 

Phin'ta 

Phin'ti-as 10 

Phia 

Phleg'e-las 

rhleg'e-thon 

Phle'gi-as 

Phle'gon 

Plile'gra 

Phle'gy-e 6 8 

Phle'gy-as 

I'hli'as 

Phli'us 

Phlce'us 

Pho-be'tor 

Pho-cffi'a 

Pho-cen'ses, and 

Pho'ci-ci 3 10 
Pho-cil'i-des 
Pho'ci-on 10 
Pho'cis 
Pho'cus 
Pho-cyl'i-des 
Phoe'be 
Phoe'be-um 
Phceb'i-das 
Phoe-big'e-na 
Phce'bus 
Phos'mog 
Plioe-ni'ce 29 
Phce-nic'i-a 10 
Phoe-nic'e-us 
Pboe-nic'i-des 
Phoe-ni'cus 
Phceii-i-cu'sa 
Phoe-nis'sa 
Phoe'nix 
Phol'o-e 
Pho'lus 
Phor'baa 

Phor'cus, or Phor cys 
Phor'mi-o 
Phor'mis 
Pho-ro'ne-us 
Fho-ro'nis 
I'ho-ro'ni-um 
Pho-ti'nus 
Pho'ti-us 10 
Phox'us 
Phra-a'tes 



PI 

PJira-at'i-ces 

Phra-da'tes 

Phra-gan'de 

Phra-ha'tes 

Phra-nic'a-teg 

Phra-or'tes 

Phras'i-cles 

Phras'i-mus 

Phra'si-us 10 

Pnru-ta-pher'nes 

Pbri-a-'pa'ti-us 10 

Phrix'us 

Phrou'i-ma 

Phron'tis 

Phru'ri 3 

Phry'ges 6 

Phryg'i-a, 

Phry'ne 6 8 

Phryn'i-cus 

Phry'nis 

Phry'no 

Pbryx'us 

Phthi'a 14 

Phtbi-o'tis 

Phy'a 

Pby'cus 

Phyl'a-ce 

Pbyla-cu3 

Pby-lar'chus 

Phv'las 

Pby'le 

Phyl'e-is 20 

Phy-le'us 

Pbyl'i-ra 

Phyl'la 

Phyl-la'li-a 

Phil-le'i-us 

Phyl'lis 

Phyl'li-us 

Phyl-lod 'o-ce 

PhyMos 

Phyl'lus 

Phy-scel'la 

Phy-rom'a-cbus 

Phys'co-a 

Phys'con 

Pbys'cos 

Fliys'cus 

Phy-ta]'i-de3 

Phyt'a-lus 

Phy'ton 

Phyx'i-um 

Pi'a, or Pi-a'li-a 

Pi'a-sus 

Pi-ce'ni 3 

Pi-cen'ti-a 10 

Pic-en-ti'ni 4 



PI 

Pi-ce'num 
Pi 'era 

Pic'tse, or Pic'ti 
Pic-ta'vi, or Pict'o-nes 
Pic-ta'vi-um j 
Pic 'tor 
Pi'cus 
Pi-do'rus 
Pid'y-tes 
Pi'e-lu3 
Pi'e-ra 
Pi-e'ri-a 
Pi-er'i-des 
Pi'e-iis 
Pi'e-rus 
Pi'e-tas 
Pi'gres 
Pi-lum'nus 
Pim'pla 
Pim-ple'i-des 
Pim-ple'e-des 
Pim-pra'na 
Pin'a-re 
Pi-na'ri us 
Pin'da-rus 
Pin'da-sus 
Pin-de-nis'sus 
Pin'dus 
Pin'na ■ 
Pin'thi-as 
Pi-o'ni-a 

Pi-r68'us, or Pi-rae'e-us 
Pi-re 'ne 
Pi-rith'o-us 
Pi'rus 
Pi'sa 
Pi'ssB 
Pi-sae'us 
Pi-san'der 
Pi-sa'tesj or Pi-sao'i 
Pi-sau'rus 
Pi-se'nor 
Pis'e-us 
Pis'i-as 10 
Pi-si'di-a 
Pi-sid'i-ce 
Pi'sis 

Pis-is-trat'idse 
Pis-is-trat'i-des 
Pi-sis'tra-tus 
iPi'so 
J'i-so'nls 
Pis'si-rus 
Pis'tor 
Pi'sug 
Pi-suth'ne3 
Pit'a-ne 



PL 

Pith-e-cu'sa 
Pitb'e-us 
Pi'tho 
Pith-o-la'us 
Pi-tho'le-on 
Pi'tbon 
Pi'thys 
Pit'ta-cus 
Pit'tbe-a 
Pit-tbe'is 
Pit'the-us 
Pit-u-a'ni-us 
Pit-u-la'ni 3 
Pit-3'-ae'a 
Pit-y-as'sus 
Pit-y-o-ne'sus 
Pit-y-u'sa 
Pla-cen'ti-a 10 
Plac-i-de-i-a'nus 
Pla-cid'i-a 
Pla-ci(j 'i-us 
Pla-na'si-a 10 
Plan-ci'na 
Plan'cus 
Pla-tsB'a 
Pla-tae'ae 
Pla-ta'ni-us 
Pla'to 

Plau'ti-a 10 
Plau'ti-us 
Plau-ti-a'iius 
Plau-she-a'nus 
Plau-til'la 
Plau'tus 
Plei'a-des* 
Plei'o-ne 
Plem-myr'i-um 
Plem'ne-ns 29 
Pleu-ra'tus 
Pleu'ron 
Plex-au're 
Plex-ip'pus 
Pliii'i-us 
PUn'y (Eng.) 
Flin-thi'ne 
Plis-tar'chus 
Plis'tha-nus 
Plis'the-nes 
I Plis-ti'nus 
Plis-to'a-nax 
Plis-to'nax 
Plis-to-ni'ces 30 
Plo'tEe 
Plo-ti'oa 
Plot-i-nop'o-lis 
Plo-ti'nus 
Plo'ti-us 10 



PO 

Plu-tar'chu3 

Plu'tarch (Eng.j 

Plu'ti-a 10 

Plu'to 

Plu-to'ni-um 

Plu'tus 

Plu'vi-us 

Plyn-te'ri-a 

Pnig'e-us 13 

Pob-lic'i-us 24 

Pod-a-lir'i-us 

Po-dar'ce 8 

Po-dar'ces 

Po-da'res 

Po-dar'ge 

Po-dar'gus 

Pce'as 

Pa3c'i-le 24 

PcE'ni 3 

Pce'on 

Poe-o'ni-a 

Poe'us 

Po'gon 

Po'la 

Pol-e-mo-cra'ti-a 

Pol'e-mon 

Po-le'nor 

Po'li-as 

Po-li-or-ce'tes 

Po-lis'ma 

Po-lis'tra-tus 

Po-li'tes _ 

Pol-i-to'ri-um 

Pol-len'ti-a 10 

Pol-lin'e-a 

Pol'li-o 

Pol'lis 

Pol']i-us Fe'lix 

Pol-lu'ti-a 10 

Pol'lux 

Po'lus 

Po-Ius'ca 

Pol-y-B3'nus 

Pol'y-nus 

Pol-y-ar'cbus 

Po-lyb'i-das 

Po-lyb'i-us, or Pol'y-bug 

Pol-y-boe'a 

Pol-y-boe'tes 

Pol-y-bo'tes 

Pol-y <;a'on 

Pol-y-car'pus 

Pol-y -cas'te 

Po-iych'a-res 

Po)-y-cle'a 

Pol'y-cles 

Pol-y-cle'tus 



* Pleiades. — 
" When witb their domes the slow-pac'd snails retreat 
Beneath some foliage from the burning beat 
Of the Pleiades, your tools prepare ; 
The ripen'd harvest then deserves your care." 

Cooke's Hesiod. Works and Days. 

The translator bas adliered strictly to the original U^rj'iaSeg 
in making this word four syllables. Virgil has done the same : 

" Ple'iadas, Hyadas, claramque Lycaonis Arcton." 

Georgic. I. 
But Ovid bas contracted this word into three syllables : 
" Pleiades incipiunt bumeros relevare paternos." 

Fasti, iv. p. 169. 

The latter translators of the classics bave generally con- 
tracted this word to three syllables. Tbus, in Ogilby's trans- 
lation of Virgil's Georgics, b. 1 : 

" First let the eastern Pleiades go down, 

And tbe bright star in Ariadne's crown." 
<' The Pleiades and Hyades appear ; 
The sad companions of tbe turning year." 

Creech's Manilius 
But Dryden bas, to tbe great detriment of the poetical 
sound of this word, anglicised it, by squeezing it into two 
syllables : 

*' What are to him the sculpture of the shield, 
Heaven's planets, earth, and ocean's watery field. 
The Pleiads, Hyads, less and greater Bear, 
Undipp'd in seas, Orion's angry star?" 

Ovid's Met. b. 12 
This unpleasant contraction of Dryden's seems not to have 
been much fo lowed. Elegant speakers are pretty uniform in 



preferring the trisyllable ; but a considerable variety appears 
in tbe sound of tbe dipbthiong ei. Most speakers pronounce it 
like the substantive eye ; and this pronunciation is defended 
by the common practice in most schools, of sounding the diph- 
thong a in this manner in appellatives ; but though Greek 
appellatives preserve the original sound of their letters, as 
<t^i\avTLa, npol3driov, k. t. A., where the t does not slide into 
sh, as in Latin words ; yet proper names, which are trans- 
planted into all languages, partake of tne soil into which they 
are recijived, and fall in with the analogies of the language 
which adopts them. There is, therefore, no more reason for 
preserving the sound of ei in proper names, than for pronoun- 
cing the c like k in Phocion, Lacedaimon, &c. 

But perhaps it will be said, that our diphthong ei bas the 
sound of eye as well as the Greek a. To which it may be an- 
swered, that this is an irregular sound of these vowels, and 
can scarcely be produced as an example, since it exists but in 
either, neither, height, and sleight. The two iirst words are 
more frequently and analogically pronounced eether, neether ; 
and height is often pronounced so as to rhyme witb weight, 
and would, in all probability, be always so pronounced, but 
for the false supposition, that the abstract must preserve tbe 
sound of the verb or adjective from which it is derived ; and 
with respect to sleight, though Dr. Johnson says it ought to 
be written slight, as we sometimes see it, yet, if we observe his 
authorities, we shall find that several respectable authors spelt 
the word in this manner ; and if we consult Junius and Skin 
ner, particularly the last, Ave shall see the strongest reason 
from etymology to prefer this spelling, as in all probability it 
comes from sly. The analogical pronuijiciation, therefore, ot 
this diphthong in our own language is either as heard in 
vein, rein, &c.. or in perceive, receive, &c. The latter ig 
adopted by many speakers in the present word, as if written 
Pleeades ; but Plyades, though less analogical, must be own- 
ed to be the more polite and literary pronunciation. — See note 
orj Elegeia in the Terminational Vocabulary 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



97^ 



PO 

Po-lyc'ra-tes 
Pol-y-cre'ta, or 

Pol-y-cri'ta 
Po-lycri-tus 
Po-lyc'tor 
Pol-y.dBE mon 
Po-lyd'a-mas 
Pol-y-dam'na 
Pol-y-dec'tes 
Pol-y-deu-ce'a 
Pol-y-do'ra 
Pol-y-do'rus 
Pol-y-je-raon'i-des 
Pol-y-gi'ton 
Po-lyg'i-us 
Pol-yg-no'tus 
Po-lyg'onus 
Pol-y-hym'ni-a, and 

Po-)ym'ni-a 
Pol-y-id'i-us 
Pol-y-la'us 
Po-lym'e-nes 
Pol-y-me'de 
Po-lym'e-don 
Pol-y-me'la 
Pol-ym-nes'tes 
Pol-ym-nes'tor 
Pol-y-ni'ces 
Po-lyn'o-e 
Pol-y-pe'mon 
Pol-y-per'chcn 
Pol-y-phe'mus 
Pol'y-pheme (Eng) 
Pol-y-phon'tes 
Pol'y-phron 
Pol-y-pce'tes 
Po-Iys'tra-tu9 
Pol-y-tech'nus 
Pol-y-ti-me'tus 
Po-lyt'i-on 10 
Po-lyt'ro-pas 
Po-lyx'e-na 
Pol-yx-en'i-das 
Po-lyx'e-nus 
Po-lyx'o 
Pol-y-ze'lus 
Pom-ax-Be'thres 
Po-me'ti-a 10 
Po-me'ti-i 3 
Pom-e-ti'na 
Po-rao'na 
Pom-pe i-a 5 
Pom-pei-a 'nus 
Pom-pe 'i-i, or 

Pom-pei'-um 
Pom-pei-op'o-lis 
Pom-pe 'i-us 
Pom-pil'i-a 
Pom-pil'i-us Nu'ma 
Pom-pi'lus 
Pom-pis'cus 
Pom-po'ni-a 
Pom-po'ni-us 
Pom-po-si-a'nus 
Pomp-ti'ne 
Pomp-ti'nus 
Pom 'pus 
Pon'ti-a 10 
Pon'ti-cum ma're 
Pon'ti-cus 
Pon-ti'na 
Pon-ti'nus 
Pon'ti-us 10 
Pon'tus 

Pon'tus Eu-xi'nus 
Po-pil'i-us Lae'nas* 
Pop-lic'o-la 
Pop-pee'a Sa-bi'na 
Pop-pae'us 
Pop-u-lo'ni-a 



PR 

Por'ci-a 10 

Por'ci-us 10 

Po-red'o-rax 

Po-ri'na 

Por-o-se-le'ne 

Por-phyr'i-on 

Por-phyr'i-us 

Por'ri-ma 

Por-sen'na, or 

Por'se-na 
Por'ti-a, and 

Por'ti-us 10 
Port'mos 
Por-tum-na'li-a 
Por-tura'nus 
Po'rus 
Po-si'des 
Pos-i-de'um 
Po-si'don 
Pos-i-do'ni-a 
Pos-i-do'ni-us 
Po'si-o 10 
Post-hu'mi-a 
Post-hu'mi-us 
Pos-tu'mi-us 
Post-ver'ta 
Po-tam'i-des 
Pot'a-mon 
Po-thi'nus 
Po'thos 
Pot-i-dae'a 
Po-ti'na 
Po-tit'i-us 24 
Pot'ni-ae 
Prac'ti-um 10 
Pr8e'ci-a 10 
Prse-nes'te 
Prae'sos 
Prse'sti 3 
Praj'tor 
Prae-to'ri-us 
Pra)-tu'ti-um 10 
Prat'i-nas 
Prax-ag'o-ras 
Prax'i-as 
Prax-id'a-mas 
Prax-id'i-ce 
Prax'i-la 
Prax-iph'a-nes 
Prax'is 
Prax-it'e-les 
Prax-ith'e-a 
Pre-u'ge-nes 
Prex-as'pes 
Pri-am'i-des 
Pri'a-mus 
Pri-a'pus 
Pri-c'ne 
Pri'ina 
Prison 
Pris-ciFla 
Pris'cus 
Pris'tis 
Pri-ver'nus 
Pri-vei'num 
Pro'ba 
Pro' bus, M. 
Pro'cas 
Proch'o-rus 
Proch'y-ta 
Pro-cil'i-us 
Pro-cil'la 
Pro-cil'lus 
Proc'!e-a 
Pro'cles 
Proc'ne 
Pro-cli'dee 
Proc-on-ne'sus 
Pro-co' pi-US 
Pro'cris 



PT 

Pro-cfus'tes 
Proc'u-la 
Proc-u-le'i-us 5 
Proc'u-lus 
Pro'cy-on 
Prod'i-cus 
Pro-er'na 
Proet'i-des 
Prte'tus 
Prog'ne 
Pro-la' us 
Prom'a-chus 
Pro-math 'i-das 
Pro-ma'thi-on 
Prom'e-don 
Prom-e-naa'a 
Pro-me'tiie-i 
Pro-me'the-us 29 
Pro-me'this, and 
Prom-e-thi'des 
Prom'e-thus 
Prom'u-lus 
Pro-nap 'i-des 
Pro'nax 
Pion-'o-e 
Pron'o-mus 
Pron'o-us 
Prou u-ba 
Pro-per'ti-us 
Pro-pcet'i-des 
Pro-pon'tis 
Prop-y-le'a 
Pros-chys'ti-us 10 
Pro-ser'"pi-na 28 
Pros'er-pine (Eng.) 
Pros-o-pi'tis 
Pro-sym'na 
Pro-tag'o-ras 
Prot-a-gor'i-des 
Pro'te-i Co-lura'nse 
Pro-tes-i-la'us 
Pro'te-us 
Pro-tho-e'norj 
Pro'the-us 
Proth'o-us 
Pro'to 

Prot-o-ge-ne'a 
Pro-tog 'e-nes 
Prot-o-ge-ni'aj 
Pro-to-me-di'a$ 
Prot-o-me-du'sa 
Prox'e-nus 
Pru-den'ti-us 10 
Prum'ni-des 
Pru'sa 
Pru-s,a'us 
Pru'si-as 10 
Prym'no 
Pryt'a-nes 
Pryt-a-ne'um 
Pryt'a-nis 
Psam'a-the 15 
Psam'a-thos 
Psam-me-ni'tus 
Psam-met'i-chus 
Psam'mis 
Psa'phis 
Psa'pho 15 
Pse'cas 
Pso'phis 
Psycho 12 15 
Psych'rus 
Psyl'li 3 15 
Pte'le-um 16 
Pter-e-la'us 
Pte'ri-a 
Ptol-e-der'ma 
Ptol-e-mae'um 
Ptol-e-mae'us 
PtoVe-my (Eng.) 



PY 

Tnl'e-7ne 16 

Ptol-e-ma'is 

Ptol'y-cus 

Pto'us 

Pub-lic'i-a 24 

Pub-lic'i-us 10 

Pub-lic'o-la 

Pub'li-us 

Pul-che'ri-a 

Pu'ni-cuai bel'lum 

Pu'pi-ud 

Pu-pi-e'nus 

Pup'pi-us 

Pu-te'o-li 3 

Py-a-nep'si-a 10 

Pyd'na 

Pyg'e-la 

Pyg-mffl'i 

Pyg-ma'li-on 29 

Pyl'a-des 

Py'lae 

Py-item'e-nes 

Py-lag'o-rse 

Py-Iag'o-ras 

Py-!a'on 

Py-lar'tes 

Py-lar'ge 

Py'fes 

Py-le'ne 

Pyl'e-us 

Pyl'le-on 

Py'lo 

Py'los 

Pyius 

Py'ra 

Py-rac'mon 

Py-rac'mos 

Py-ra3ch'mes 

Pyr'a-mu3 

Pyr-e-na'i 

Pyr-e-nBB'u3 

Py-re'ne 

Pyr'gi 3 

Pyr'gi on 

Pyr'go 

Pyr-got'e-Ies 

Pyr'gus 

Py-rip'pe 

Py'ro _ 

Pyr'o-is 

Py-ro'ni-a 

Pyr'rha 

Pyr'rhi-as 

Pyr'rhi-ca 

Pyr'-rhi-cus 

Pyr'rhi-dae 

Pyr'rho 

Pyr'rhus 

Pys'tP. 

Py-thag'o-ras 

Pyth-a-ra'tus 

Pyth e-as 

Py'thes 

Pyth'e-us 

Pyth 'i-a 

Pyth'i-as 

Pyth'i-on 

Pyth 'i-us 

Py'tho 

Py-thoch'a-ris 

Pyth'o-cles 

Pyth-o-do'rus 

Pyth-o-la'us 

Py'tiion 

Pyth-o-ni'ce 30 

Pyth-o-nis'sa 

Pyt'na 

Pyt'ta-lus 



RH 

Q. 

aUA-DER'NA 
Quo'di 3 
Q.ua-dra'tus 
Cluad'ri-frons, or 

Q.uad'ri-cep3 
QuaBS-to'res 
Clua'ri 3 
Q-ua' f i-u3 
Ciuercens 
Q.ui-e'tus 
Q.uinc-ti-a'nus 10 
Q.uinc-til'i-a 
Q.uinc'ti-us, T. 
Q.uin-de-cem ' vi-r i 
Q.uin-qua'tri-a 
Q,uin-quep-na'les 
Q.uin-til-i a'nus 
Quin-til'i-an (Eng.; 
Q.uin-til'i-us Va'rui 
Q,uin-til'la 
Uuin-til'lus, M. 
Q.uin'ti-us 10 
Glu.'D'tus Cur'ti-us 
Q,uir-i-na'li-a 
Q.uir-i-na'lis 
Qui-ri'nus 
Ciui-ri'tes 1 



R. 



RA-BIR'I-US 

Ra-cil'i-a 

Rifi-sa'ces 

Ra-mi'ses 

Ram'nes 

Ran da 

Ra'po 

Ra-scip'o-Iis 

Ra-van'na 

Rav'o-la 

Rau-ra'ci 3 

Rau-ri'ci 

Re-a'te 8 

Re-dic'u-lus 

Red'o-nes 

Re-gil'lce 

Re-gil-li-a'nus 

He-gil'lus 

Reg'u-lus 

Re'ffii 3 

Ren. u-lus 

Re-mu'ri-a 

Re'mus 

Re'sui^ 

Re-u-dig'ni 3 

Rha'ci-a 10 

Rha'ci-us 

Rlia-co'tis 

Rhad-a-man-'thus 

Rhad-a-mis'tu3 

Rha'di-us 

Rhae'te-um 

Rhae'ti, or Ra)'ti 

Rhse'ti-a 10 

Rham-nen'ses 

Rham'nes 

Rham-si-ni'tus 

Rham'nas 

Rha'nis 

Rha'ros 

Rhas-cu'po-ris 

Rhe'a 

Rhe'bag, or Rhe'l us 

Rhed'o-nes 

Rhe'gi-um 



* Popilius Lmnas. — Nothing can show the dignity of the 
Roman commonwealth and the terror of its arms, more than 
the conduct of this man. He was sent as an ambassador to 
Aiitiochus, king of Syria, and was commissioned to order that 
monarch to abstain from hostilities against Ptolemy, king of 
Egypt, who was an ally of Rome, Antiochus, who was at 
the head of his army when he received this order, wished to 
evade it by equivocal answers ; but Popilius, with a stick 
which he had in his hand, made a circle round him on the sand, 
and bade him, in the name of the Roman senate anu people, 
not to go beyond it before he spoke decisively. This boldness 
mtimidated Antiochus : he withdrew his garrisons from 
Egynt, and n» longiiT meditated a war against Ptolemy. 



t Prothoenor. — 

" The hardy warriors wliom Bosotia bred, 
Peneleus, Ijeitus, Protho'dnor led." 

Pope's Horn. Iliad. 
X SeelpHiOENiA. 

$ Protomedia. — 
" Nisffia and Actaea boast the same, 
Protomedia from the fruitful dame, 
And Doris, honor 'd with maternal name." 

Cooke's Hesiod. Theog. v. 483- 
See Iphioenia. 



974 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



RU 

Rhe-gus'ci 3 

Rhe'mi 3 

Rhe'ne 

RiiS'ni 3 

Rlie'uus 

Rhe-o-mi'tres 

Rhe'sus 

Rhe^tog'e-nes 

Rhet'i-co 

Rhe-u'nua 

Rliex-e nor 

Rhex-ib'i-U8 

Rhi-a'nus 

Rhid'a-go 

Rhimot'tt-oles 

kni on 

Rhi pha or Rhi'phe 

Rhi phdL . 3 

llhi phe'iis 

Rhi um 

Rlioi'a-nus 

Rlio'de 

Rho'di-a 

Rhod-o-gy'ne, or 
Rhod-o-gu'ne 

Rha'do-pe, or 
Rho-do'pia 

Ri.ydus 

Rhodes (Eng.) 

RhfE'bus 

Rhis'cus 

Rhne'te-um 

RhoB'tus 

Rho-5a'ces 

Eho'sus 

Eliox-a'na, or Rox-a'na 

Rhox-aiii 3 

Ehu-te'ni, and 
Ru-the'ni 

Rhyn'da-cus 

Rhyn'thon 

Rhy'pte 

Ri-phte'i 3 

i^:-phe'us 

Rix-ara'a-rae 

Ro-bi'go, or Ru-bi'go 

Rod-e-ri'cus 

Ro'iua 

Rovie (Eng.), pronounc- 
ed Room* 

Ro-ina'ni 3 

Ro-ma'nus 

Ro-mil'i-us 

Rc-n'u-ia 

Ra-rau'li-daB 

Rora'u-lus 

Ro'mus 

Ros'ci-us 10 

Ro-si!'la-nus 

Ro si-US 11 

Rox-a'na 

Rox-o-la'ni 3 

Ru-bel'li-us 

Ru'bi 3 

Ru'bi-con 

Ru-bi-e'nus Lap'pa 

Ru-bi'go 

Ru'bra sax'a 

Ru'bri-us 

Ru'di-EB 

Ru'fee 

Ruf'fus 

Ru-fil'lus 

Ruf-fi'nus 

Ru-fi'nus 

Ru'fus 

Ru'gi-i 4 

Ru'mi-nu3 

Run-ci'na 



SA 
Ru-pil'i-us 
Rus'ci-us 10 
Rus-co'ni-a 
Ru-sel lae 
Rus'pi-na 
Ru-to'ni 
Rus'ti-cus 
Ru'ti-la 
Ru'ti-lu8 
Ru-til'i us Ru'fus 
Ru'tu-ba 
Ru'tu-bus 
Ru'tu-li 3 
Ru'tu-pae 
Ru-tu-pi'nu3 



s. 

SA'BA 

Sab'a-chus, or 

Sab'a-con 
Sa'bse 
Sa-ba'ta 
Sa-ba'zi-us 
Sab'bas 
Sa-bel'la 
Sa-bel'li 3 
Sa-bi'ria 
Sa-bi'ni 3 4 
Sa-bin-i-a'nus 21 
Sa-bi'nus Au'lus 
Sa'bis 
Sab'ra-cae 
Sa-bri'na 
Sab'u-ra 
Sab-u-ra'nus 
Sab'ra-t.a 
Sa'bus 
Sac'a-das . 
Sa'cffi 
Sa'cer 
Sach-a-li'tes 
Sa-cra'ni 
Sac-ra'tor 
Sa-crat'i-vir 
Sad''a-les 
Sa'dus 
Sad-y-a'tes 
Sag'a-na 
Sag'a-ris 
c5a-git'ta 
Sa-gun'tum, or 

Sa-gun'tus 
Sa'is 
Sa'la 
Sal'a-con 
Sal-a-min'i-a 
Sai'a-mis 
Sal-a-mi'na 
Sa-la'pi-a, or 

Sa-la'pi-EB 
Sal'a-ra 
Sal-la'ri-a 
Sa-las'ci 3 
Sa-le'i-us 5 
Sa-leiii 3 
Sal-en-ti'ni 3 
Sa-ler'num 
Sal-ga'ne-us, or 

Sal-ga'ne-a 
Sa'li-i 3 4 
Sal-i-na'tor 
Sa'li-us 
Sal-lus'ti-us 
SaVlust (Eng.) 
Sal'ma-cis 
I Sal-mo'ne 



SA 
Sal-mo'ne-us 

rial'nrius 

Sal-my-des'sus 

Sa-'lo 

Sa-Io'me 8 

Sa'lon 

Sa-lo'na, or Sa-Io'naB 

Sal-o-ni'na 

Sa3-o-ni'nus 

Sa-io'ni-us 

Sal'pis 

Sal'vi-an 

Sal-vid-i-e'nus 

Sal'vi-us 

Sa-ma'ri-a 30 

Sam-bu']os 

Sa'me, or Sa'mos 

Sa'mi-a 

Sam-ni'tEB 

Sam-ni'tes 

Sam'nites (Eng.) 

Sam'ni-ura 

Sa-mo'ni-um 

8a'mos 

Sa-mos'a-ta 

Sam-o-thra'ce, or 

Sam-o-thra'ci-a 
Sa'mus 
Sa'na 
San'a-os 

San-cho-ni'a-thon 
San-da'cet 
San-da'li-um 
San'da-nis 
San'da-nus 
Sandi'on 11 
San-dre-cot'tus 
San'ga-la 
San-ga'ri-us, or 

San'ga-ris 
San-guin'i-us 
San-nyr'i-on 
San'to-nes, and 

San'to-nse 
Sa'on 

Sa-pas'i, or Sa-phae'i 
Sa'por 
Sa-po'resJ 
Sap'pho, or Sa'pho 
Sap'ti-ne 
Sa-rac'o-ri 3 
Sa-ran'ges 
Sar-a-pa'ni 3 
Sara-pus 
Sar'a-sa 
Sa-ras'pa-des 
Sar-dan-a-pa'lus 
Sar'des 
Sar'di 3 
Sar-din'i-a 
Sar'dis, or Sar'des 
Sar-don'i-cus 30 
Sar-i-as'ter 
Sar-ma'ti-a 10 
Sar-men'tus 
Sar'ni-us 
Sa'ron 

Sa-ron'i-cus Si'nus 
Sar-pe'don 
Sar-ras'tes 
Sar'si-na 
Sar-san'da 
Sa'son 
Sa-tas'pes 
Sa'ti-aj 10 
Sat-i-bar-za'ne 
Sa-tic'u-la, and 

Sa-tic'u-Ius 
Sa'tis 



sc 

Sat-ra-pe'ni 
Sa-tri'cum 
&a-trop'a-ces 
Sat'u-ra 
Sat-u-rei-um, or 

Sa-tu're-um 
Sat-u-re'i-us 
Sat-ur-na'li-a 
Sa-tur'ni-a 
Sat-ur-ni'nus 
Sa-tur'ni-us 
Sa-tur'nus 
Sat u-rum 
Sat'y-rus 

Sau-fe'i-us Tro'gu 
Sau-rom'a-tee 
Sau'rus 
Sav'e-ra 

Sa'vo, or Sav-o'na 
Sa'vus 
Saz'i-ches 12 
Scae'a 
Se'a 
Scae'va 
Se'va 
ScEBv'o-la 
Sev'o-la 
Scal'pi-um 
Sca-man'der 
Sca-maiT'dri-us 
Scan-da'ri-a 
Scan-di-na'vi-a 
Scan-tii'Ia 
Scap-tes'y-le 
Scap'ti-a 10 
Scap'ti-us 10 
Scap'u-la 
Scar'di-i 3 4 
Scar-phi'a, or Scar'phe 
Scau'rus 
Sced'a-sus 
Scel-e-ra'tus 
Sche'di-a 
Ske'di-a 
Sche'di-us 12 
Sche'ri-a 
Scha3'ne-us 
SchoB'nus, or Sche'no 
Sci'a-this 
Si'a-this 
Sci'a-tho3 
Sci'dros 
Scil'lus 
Sci'nis 
Scin'thi 3 
Sci-o'ne 
Sci-pi'a-dsB 
Scip'i-o 9 
Sci'ra 7 
Sci-ra'di-um 
Sci'ras 3 
Sci'ron 
Sci'rus 
Sco'lus 
Scorn' brus 
Sco'pas 
Sco'pi-um 
Scor-dis'ci, and 

Scor-dis'ca^ 
Sco-ti'nus 
Sco-tus'sa 
Scri-bo'ni-a 
Scri-bo-ni-a'nu3 
Scri-bo'ni-us 
Scyl-a-ce'um 9 
Scy'lax 
Scyl'la 
Scyl-lse'um 
Scyl'li-as 



SE 
Scyl'lis 

Scyl'lus 

Scy-lu'rus 

Scyp'pi-um 

Scy'ras 

Scy'ros 

Scy'thae 

Scy'thes, or Scy'tha 

Scyth'i-a 

Scyth'i-des 

Scy-thi'nus 

Scy'thon 

Scy-thop'o-lis 

Se-bas'ta 

Se-bas'ti-a 

Seb-en-ny'tus 

Se-be'tus 

Se-bu-si-a'nj, or 

Se-gu-si-a'ni 
Sec-ta'nus 
Sed-i-ta'ni, or 

Sed-en-ta'ni 3 
Se-du'ni 3 
Se-du'si-i 3 
Se-ges'ta 
Se-ges'tes 
Se-gob'ri-ga 
Seg'ni 3 
Seg'o-nax 
Se-gon'ti-a, or 

Se-gun'ti-a 10 
Seg-on-ti'a-ci 3 
Se-go'vi-a 
Se-gun'ti-um 10 
Se'i-us Stra'bo 
Se-ja'nus ^'li-us 
Se-leui'nus 
Se-le'ne 
Sel-eu-ce'na, or 

Se-leu'cis 
Sel-eu'ci-a$ 29 
Se-leu'ci-da 
Se-leu'cis 
Se-leu'cus 
Sel'ge 
Se-lim'nus 

Se-li'nuns, or Se-li'nua 
Se-la'si-a 
Sel-le'is 
Sel'li 3 
Se-lym'bri-a 
Sem'e-le 
Sem-i-ger-ma'ni 
Seci-i-gun'tus 
Se-mir'a-mis 
Sem'no-nes 
Se-mo'nes 
Sem-o-sanc'tus 
Sem-pro'ni-a 
Sem-pro'ni-us 
Se-mu'ri-um 
Se'na 
Se-na'tus 
Sen'na, or Se'na 
Sen'e-ca 
Sen'o-nes 
Son'ti-us 10 
Sep-te'ri-on 
Sep-tim'i-us 
Sep-ti-mu-le ' i-us 
Sep'y-ra 
Seq'ua-na 
Seq'ua-ni 
Se-quin'i-ua 
Se-ra'pi-o 
Se-ra'pis|| 
Se'res 
Ser-bo'nis 
Se-re'na 



i 



I 



* [The regular pronunciation, Rome, is now more com- 
mon — Ed.] 

t Sandace. — A sister of Xerxes, which I find in no lexicog- 
rapher but Lempriere, and in him with the accent on the first 
syllable ^ but, from its Greek original YavSavKr], it ought cer- 
tainly to be accented on the second syllable. 

I Sapores. — This word, says Labbe, is by Gavantus and 
others, ignorant of the Greek, accented on the first syllable. 

§ Seleucia. — Lempriere and Labbe accent this word on the 
yenultimate ; but Ainsworth, Gouldman and Holyoke on the 
antepenultimate. As this word, according to Strabo, had its 
penultimate formed of the diphthong ei, 'ZeXevKsia, this sylla- 
ble ought to have the accent ; but as the antepenultimate ac- 
cent is so incorporated into our tongue, I would strongly rec- 



ommend the pronunciation which an English scholar would 
give it at first sight, and that is, placing the accent on the u 
This is the accent Milton gives it : 

" Eden stretch'd her line 

From Auran eastward to the royal tow'rs 
Of great Seleucia, built by Grecian kings." 

Par. Lost, b. 4. 
Ifj however, the English scholar wishes to shine in the classical 
pronunciation of this word, let him take care to pronounce the 
c like 5 only, and not like sh, which sound it necessarily has, 
if t he accent be on the antepenultimate syllable See Rules 10 
and 30. 

11 Ssrapis. — There is not a dissenting voice among our pro* 
odist? against the pronouncing of this word with the accent on 



GREEK AND LATm PROPER NAMES. 



975 



SI 


SI 


SP 


ST 


su 


ie-re-ni-a'nus 


Sig-0-ves'sus 


Sme'nus 


Spar'ta-cus 


Stil'po 


Se-re'nu3 


Si-gy'ni, Sig'u-nae 


Smer'dis 


Spar'tae, or Spar'ti 


Stim'i-con 


Ser-ge3'tU3 


Si-gyn'n2B 


Smi'iax 


Spar-ta'ni, or 


Stiph'i-lu3 


Ser'gi-a 


Si'Ia, or Sy'la 


Smi'Iis 


SpELr-ti-a't8B Q^ 


Sto-bae'us 


Ser'gi-us 


Si-Ia'na Ju'li-a 


Smin-dyr'i-des 


Spar-ti-a'nus 


Stoecli'a-des 


Ser-gi'o-lus* 
Se-ri'phus 


Si-la'nu3 


Smin'the-usJ 


Spe'chi-a l'^" 


Sto'i-ci 


Sil'a-ris 


Smyr'na 


Spen'di-us 


Sto'ics (EniT.) 


Ser'my-la 


Si-le'nus 


So-a'na 


Spen'don 


Stra'bo 


yer-ra'nus 


Sil-i-cen'se 


So-an'da 


Sper-chi'us 12 


Stra-tar'chas 


Se'ron 


Sil'i-us l-tal'i-cus 


So-a'ne3 


Sper-ma-toph'a-gi 


Stra'to, orStraton 


Ser-to'ri-U3 


Sil'phi-um 


Soc'ra-tes 


Speu-sip'pus 


Slrat'o-cles 


Ser-vae'us 


Sil-va'nus 


Soe'mi-as 


Sphac-te'ri-ae 


Strat-o-ni'ce 


Ser-vi-a'nus 


Sim-briv'i-us, or 


Sog-di a'na 


bphe'ru3 


Stra-to-ni'cu3 30 


Ser-vil'i-a 


Sim-bruv'i-u3 


Sog-di-a'nus 


Sphinx 


Stron'gy-le 


Ser-vil-i-a'nu3 


Si-me'thus, or 


Sol'o-e, or So'li 


Spho'dri-as 


Stroph'a-des 


Ser-vil'i-u3 


Sy-me'thu3 


So loe'is 


Sphra-gid'i-um 


Stro'phi-us 


Ser'vi-us Tul'Ii-us 


Sim'i-lEB 


So' ion 


Spi-cil'lu3 


Stru-thoph'a-gi 


Ses'a-ra 


Sim'i-lis 


So-lo'ni-um 


Spin'tha-rus 


.Stru'thus 


Se-sos'tris 


Sim'mi-as 


So'lus 


Spin'ther 


Stry'ma 


Ses'ti-us 


Si 'mo 


Sol'y-ma, and Sol'y-mffi 


Spi'o 


Strym'no 


Ses'tos, or Ses'tus 


Si 'mo-is 


Som'nus 


Spi-tam'e-nes 


Stry'mon 


Se-su'vi-i 3 


Sim-o-is'i-us 10 


Son'chis 12 


Spi-thob'a-te3 


Styg'ne 


Set'a-bis 


Si'mon 


Son-ti'a-tes 


Spith-ii-da'tC3 


Stym-pha'li-a, or 


Se'thoa 


Si-mon'i-des 


Sop'a-ter 


Spo-Ie'ti-ura 10 


Stym-pha'lis 


Se'ti-a 10 


Sim-plic'i-us 24 


So'phax 


Spor'a-desil 20 


Stym-pha'lus 


Seu'thes 


Sim'u-lus 


So-phe'ne 8 


Spu-ri'na 


Sty'ra 


Se-ve'ra 


Si'mus 


Soph'o-cles 


Spu'ri-us 


Sty'rus 


Se-ve-ri-a'nus 


Sim'y-ra 
Sin'di 


Soph-o-nis'ba 


Sta-be'ri-u3 


Styx 


Ss-ve'rusf 


So-phron 


Sta'bi-£e 


Su-ar-do'ne3 


Sex'ti-a 


Sin-gae'i 3 


So-phro'ni-a 


Sta-gi'ra 1 


Su-ba'lri-i 3 4 


Sex-til'i-a 


Si'nis 


So-phron'i-cus$ 


Sta'i-us 


Sub-lic'i-u3 34 


Sex-til'i-u3 


Sin'na-ces 


Soph-ro-nis'cus 


Staph'y-lu3 


Sub'o-ta 


Sex'ti-us 


Sin'na-cha 


So-phros'y-ne 


Sta-san'der 


Sub-ur'ra 


Sex'tus 


Sin'o-e 


Sop'o-lis 


Sta-sil'e-us 29 


Su'cro 


Si-bi'ni 3 


Si'non 


So'ra 


Sta-til'i-a 


Sues'sa 


Si-bur'ti-us 


Si-no'pe 


So-rac'tes, and So-rac'te 


Sta-til'i-u3 


Sues'so-ncs 


Si-byl'l8B 


Si-no pe-us 


So-ra'nu3 


Stat'i-naj 


Sue-to'ri-us 


Si'ca 


Sin'o-rix 


So' rex 


Sta-ti'ra 


Sue'vi 


Si-cam'bri, or 


Sin'ti-i 3 4 


So-rit'i-a 10 


Sta'ti-us 10 


Sue'vi-us 


Sy-gam'bri 3 


Sin-u-es'sa 


So si-a Gal'la 10 


Sta-sic'ra-ce3 


Suf-fe'nus 


Si-ca'ni 3 


Siph'nos 


So-sib'i-us 


Sta'tor 


Suf-fe'ti-us, or 


Si-ca'ni-a 


Si-pon'tum,Si'pus 


Sos'i-cles 


Stel-la'tes 


Fu-fe'ti-us 


Sic'e-lis 


Sip'y-lum. and 


So-sic'ra-tes 


Stel'li-o 


Sui'das^ 


Si-cel'i-des 


Sip'y-lus 


So-sig'e-nes 


Ste'na 


Suil'i-us 


Si-chaa'us 


Si-re'nes 


So'si-i 3 10 


Sten-o-boe'a 


Sai'o-ne3 


Si-cil'i-a 


Si'rens (Eng.) 


Sos'i-lus 


Ste-noc'ra-tes 


Sul'chi 


Si-cin'i-us Den-ta'tus 


Si'ris 


So-sip'a-ter 


Sten'tor 


Sul'ci-us 


Si-ci'nus 


Sir'i-us 


So'sia 


Steph'a-na 


Sul'rao, or Sul'mo-xia 


Sic'o-rus 


Sir'mi-um 


So-sis'tra-tus 


Steph'a-nus 


Sul-pit'i-a 


Sic'u-li 3 


Si-sam'nes 


So'si-us 10 


Ster'o-pe 


Sul-pit'i-us or 


Sic'y-on 


Sis'a-pho 


Sos'the-nes 


Ster'o-pes 


Sul-pic'i-us 24 


Sish'e-on 


Sis'e-nes 


Sos'tra-tu3 


Ste-sich'o-rus 


Su«m-ma'nu3 


Sic-y-o'ni-a 


Si-sen'na . 


Sot'a-des 


Ster-tin'i-us 


Su'ni-ci 


Sish-e-o'ne-a 


Sis-i-gam'bis, or 


So'ter 


St8-sag'o-ra3 


Su'ni-des 


Si'de 8 


Sis-y-gam'bis 


So-te'ri-a 


Stes-i-cle'a 


iSu'ni-um 


Si-de'ro 


Sis-c-cos'tus 


So-ter'i-cus 


Ste-sim'bro-tus 


Su-o-vet-au-ril'i-a 


Sid-i-ci'num 


Si3'y-phus 


So'thi3 


Slhen'e-le 


Su'pe-rum ma're 


Si'don 


Si-tal'ces 


So'ti-on 11 


Sthen'e-lus 


Su'ra iE-myl'i-us 


Si-do'nis 


Sith'ni-des 


So'ti-u3 10 


Sthe'nis 


Su-re'na 


Si do'ni-us 


Si'thon 


So'us 


Sthe'no 


Sur-ren'tum 


Si'ga 


Si-tho'ni-a 


Soz'o-men 


Sthen-o-boB'a 


Su'rus 


Si-g3e'um, or Si-ge'um 


Sit'i-us 10 24 


Spa'co 


Stil'be, or Stil'bi-a 


Su'sa 


Sig'ni-a 


Sit'o-nes 


Ppai'ta 


Stil'i-cho 


Su'sa-na 



the penultimate syllable ; and yet, to show the tendency of 
English pronunciation, when a ship of this name had a des- 
perate engagement with one of the i rench, which attracted 
the attention of the public, every body pronounced it with 
the accent on the first syllable. Milton has done the same in 
his sublime description of the grandeurs of Pandemonium. 
" Not Babylon 

Nor great Alcairo such magnificence 

Equal] 'd in all their glories to enshrine 

Eelus or Serapis their gods ; or seat 

Their kings, when Egypt with Assyria strove. 

In wealth and luxury." 

Par. Lost, b. i. v. 717. 
* Sergiolus. — I find this word in no dictionary but Lem- 
priere's, and there the accent is placed upon the penultimate 
instead of the antepenultimate syllable. 

t Severus. — This word, like Serapis, is universally mispro- 
nounced, by the mere English scholar, with the accent on the 
first syllable. 

X Smivlheus. — This word, like Orpheus, and others of the 
same form, has the accent on the first syllable ; but poets of.en 
contract the two last syllables into one ; as Pope : 
" O, Sinintheus, sprung from fair Latona's line. 
Thou guardian pow'r of Cilia the divine 1" 

See Idomeneus. 

§ S^phronicus. — I find this word in no prosodist but Labbe ; 
and he places the accent on -iie penultimate syllable, like most 
other ■:voi-ds of this termination ; unless, says he, any one. 



thinks it more likely to be derived from Sophron, than from 
victory ; that is, by uniting a general termination to the root 
of the word, than combining it with another word significant 
of itself: but as there is a Greek adjective 'S.oxppoviKoi, sig- 
nifying ordained by nature to temperance, it is much moio 
piobable that Sophronicus is this adjective used substantively, 
than that it should be compounded of Ew^pwv and vlkos, con- 
quering temperance ; and therefore the antepenultimate ac- 
cent seems preferable. 

II Spoi-ades. — This word has the accent placed on the first 
syllable by all our prosodists ; but a m.ere English ear is not 
only inclined to place the accent on the second syllable, but to 
pronounce the word as if it were a dissyllable, Spo-rades ; but 
this is so gross an error, that it cannot be too carefully 
avoided. 

IT Suidas. — This word is generally heard, even among the 
learned, in two syllables, as if written Sui-das. Labbe, how- 
ever, makes it three syllables, and accents the first ; akJiough, 
says he, by what right I know not, it is generally pronounced 
with the accent on the penultimate. It may be observed, 
that, if we place the accent on the first syllable, the i in the 
second must be pronounced like e ; and that the general pro- 
nunciation, whish Labbe complains of, that of placing tiie 
accent on the second syllable, mast, in our English pronun- 
ciation of Greek or Latin words, preserve the i in its long 
open sound, as in idle ; if, therefo.e, we pronounce the i in 
this manner, it is a sufficient proof that we place the accent 
on the penultimate syllable ; which, though common, is. as 
liabbe observes, wiiliout good authority. 



y76 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



TA 
Su-si-a'na. or Su's 

Sii-sa'ri-on 

Satri-om 

oy-ag'rus 

Sy-j'a-rn 

Syb-a-ri'ta 

Sijb'a-rite (Eng.) 

Syb'o-tas 

Sy-cin'iiua 

Sv'e-ura 

Sy-e'ne 8 

S) « ne'si-us 10 

Sy-ei-i'tes 

Svg'a-ros 

sHe'a 

Syl'e-us 

Syl'la 

SyMis 

tiyl'o-es 

Syl'o-son 

Syl-va'nus 

Syl'vi-a 

Syl vi-us 

Sy'ma, or Sy'me 

Sym'bo-liim 

Syin'nia-cuu3 

Sym-pleg'a-dea 

Sy'inus 

Syn-cel'lus 

Sy-iic'si-us 10 

Syn'ge-lu3 

Syu'nas 

Syn-na-lax'is 

Syn'L.i3 

Sy-no'pe 

Syn'ty-che 

Syphax 

Sy phee'ura 

Syra-ces 

Syr-a-co'si-a 10 

Syr-a-cu'see 8 

Sij)-'a-cuse (Eng ) 

Syr'i-a 

L-,-'i-inx 

fcjyr-o-phce'nJx 

Sy r-o-p hoe-ni- cea 

t?vros 

Syr^tns 

Sy'rus 

Sys-i-gam'bis 

Sy-siui'e-thres 

Svs'i-nas 

Sv'thas 



TA-ALT'TES 

Tab'ra-ca 

Ta-bnr'nus 

Tac-fa-ri'nas 

Ta-champ'so 

Ta'chos, or Ta'chus 

Tac'i-ta 24 

Tac'i-tus 24 

Tffi'di-a 

Tffin'a-rus 

Ta8'ni-as 

Ta'ges 

Ta-go'ni-us 

Ta'gus 

Ta-la'si-us 10 

Tal'a-us 

Ta-la'y-i-a 6 

Tal'e-tum 

Tal-tbyb'i-us 

Ta'lus 

Tam'a-rus 

Ta inos 

Ta-ma'se-a 

TaEi'pi-us 

Tani'y-ras 

Tani'y-ris 



TE 

Tan'a-gra 
Tan'a-gross or 

Tan'a-ger 
Tan'a-is 
Tan'a-quil 
Tdu-tal'i-des 
Tan'ta-lus 
Ta-nu'si-u3 Ger'mi 

nus 10 
Ta'pni-£B 
Ta'phi-us 
Ta'phi-u3, or 

Ta-pbi-as'sus 
Tap-rob'a-ne 
Tap'sus 
Tap'y-ri 3 
Tar'a-nis 
Ta'ras 

Tar-ax-ip'pua 
Tar-be] 'li 3 
Tar-che'ti-us 10 
Tar'chon 
Ta-ren'tum, or 

Ta-ren 'tus 
Tar'nae 
Tar' pa 
Tar-pe'i-a 5 
Tar-pe'i-us 5 
Tar-quin'i-a 
Tar-quin'i-i 3 
Tar-quin'i-u3 
Tar-quit'i-U3 27 
Tar'qui-tus 
Tar-ra-ci'na 
Tar'ra-co 
Tar-ru'ti-us 10 
Tar'sa 
Tar'si-us 10 
Tar'sus, or Tar sos 
Tar'ta-rus 
Tar-tes'sus 
Tar-un'ti-u3 
Tas-ge'ti-us 
Ta'ti-an 
Ta-ti-en'ses 
Ta'ti-u3 10 
Tat'ta 

Tau-lan'ti-i 3 
Tau'nus 
Tau-ra'ni-a 
Tau-ran'tes 
Tau'ri 3 
Tau'ri-ca 7 
Tau'ri-ca Cher-so- 

ne'sus 
Tau-ri'ni 3 
Tau-ris'ei 3 
Tau'ri-um 
Tau-ro-min'i-um 
Tau'rus 
Tax'i-la 

Tax'i-]us, or Tax'i-les 
Tax-i-maq'ui-lus 
Ta-yge-te, or 

Ta-y-ge'te 
Ta-yg'e-tus,* or 

Ta-yg'e-ta 
Te-a'num 
Te'a-ru3 
Te-a'tc-a, Te'a-te, or 

Te-ge'a-te 
Tech-mes'sa 
Tech'na-tis 
Tec'ta-mns 
Tec-tos'a-ges, or 

Tec-tos'a-gae 
Te'ge-a, or Te-gse'a 
Teg'u-la 
Teg'y-ra 7 
Te'i-us 5 
Te'i-ura, or Te'os 
Tel'a-mon 
Tel-a-mo-ni'a-dea 
Tel-chi'nes 



TE 

Tel-chin'i-a 
Tel-chin'i-us 
Tel'chis 
Tele-a 7 19 
Te-leb'o-a3 
Te-leb'o-ae, or 

Te-leb'o-es 
Tel-e-bo'i-des 
Te-lec'les, or Te-lec'lus 
Tel-e-cli'des 
Te-leg'o-nu3 
Te-lem'a-chus 
TePe-mus 
Tel-e-pbas'sa 
Tele-phus 
Te-le'si-a 10 
Te-les'i-clas 
Tel-e-sil'la 
Tel-e-sin'i-cu3 
Tel-e-si'nus 
Tel-e-sip'pus 
Te-les'pho-rus 
Tol-e-stag'o-ras 
To-les'ias 
Te-les'te3 
Te-Ies'to 
Tel'e-thu3 
Tel-e-tha'sa 
Te-leu'ri-as 
Te-leu'ti-as 
TeVla'ne 
TeMi-as 
Tel'lis 
Tel'Ius 
Tel-mes'sus, or 

TeJ-mis'sus 
Te'lon 
Tel-thu'sa 
To'lys 26 
Te-nia'the-a 
Te-me'ni-um 
Tem-e-ni'tes 
Tem'e-nu3 
Tem-e-nn'da 
Tem'e-sa 
Tem'fc-se 
Tem'nes 
Tsm'nos 
Tem'pe 
Ten'e-do3 
Te'nes 26 
Ten'e-sis 
Te'nos 26 
Ten'ty-ra (Egypt) 
Ten-ty'ra (Thrace) 
Te'os, or Te'i-os 
Te-re'don 
Te-ren'ti-a 
Te-ren-ti-a'nus 
Te-ren'tU3 
Te're-usj 
Ter-ges'te, and 

Ter-ges'tum 
Te'ri-as 19 
Ter-i-ba'zus 
Te-rid'a-e 19 
Ter-i-da'tes 
Ter'i-gum 
Ter-men'ti-a 10 
Ter'me-rus 27 
Ter-me'sus 27 
Ter-mi-iia'li-a 
Ter-mi-na'lis 
Ter'mi-nus 
Ter'mi-sus, or 

Ter-mes'sus 
Ter-pan'der 
Terp-sich'o-re 8 
Terp-sic'ra-te 
Ter-ra-ci'na 
Ter-ra-sid'i-us 
Ter'ti-a 10 
Ter'ti-us 10 
Ter-tul-Ii-a'nu3 



Til 

Te'thys 26 

Te-trap'o-Iis 

Tet'ri-cus 

Teu'cer 

Teu'cri 3 

Teu'cri-a 

Teuc'te-ri 3 

Teu-mes'sus 

Teu'ta 

Teu-ta'mi-as, or 

Teu'ta-mis 
Teu'ta-mus 
Teu'tas, or Teu-ta'tes 
Teu'thras 
Teu-tom'a-tus 
Teu'to-ni, and 

Teu'to-nes 
Tha-ben'na 
Tha'is 
TJia'la 
Thal'a-me 
Tha-!as'si-us 
Tha'les 
Tha-les'tri-a, or 

Tha-les'tris 
Tha-le'tes 27 
Tha-li'a 30 
Thal'pi-U3 
Tham'y-ras 
Tham'y-ris 
Thar-ge'li-a 
Tha-ri'a-des 
Tha'rops 26 
Thapsa-cus 
Tha'si-us, or 

Thrabi-U3 10 
Tba'sos 26 
Tha'sus 
Thau-man'ti-as, and 

Thau-man'tis 
Thau'mas 
Thau-ma'si-us 
The 'a 

The-ag'e-nes 
The-a'ge3 
The-a'no 
The-a'num 
The-ar'i-das 
The-ar'nus 
The-a-te'te3 
The'bee 8 
T/iebesX (Eng.) 
Theb'a-is 
The'be, or The'bae 
The'i-a 
The'i-as 5 
Thel-e-phas'sa 
Thel-Du'sa 
Thelx-i'on 29 
Thelx-i'o-pe 
The-me'si-on 11 
The'mis 
The-mis'cy-ra 
Them'e-nu3 
Them'i-son 
The-mis'ta 
The-mis'ti-us 
The-mis'to-cles 
Tbem-i-stog'e-nes 
The-o-cle'a 
The'o-cles 
The'o-clus 
The-o-clym'e-nus 
The-oc'ri-tu3 
The-od'a-mas, or 

Thi-od'a-mas 
The-o-dec'tes 
The-od-o-re'tus 
The-od>o-ret (Eng.) 
The-od-o-ri'tu3 
The-o-do'ra 
The-o-do'rus 
The-o-do'si-u3 10 
The-od'o-ta 



TH 

The-o-do'ti-on 11 

The-od'o-tus 

The-og-ne'tes 

The-og'nis 

The-orn-nes'tus 

The'on 

The-on'o-e 8 

The'o-pe 

The-oph'a-ne 

The-oph'a-nes 

The-o-pha'ni-a 

The-oph'i-lus 

The-o-phras'tus 

The-o-pol ' e-mus 

The-o-poni'pus 

The-o-phy-lac'tus 

The-oph'i-lact (Eng.) 

The-o'ri-us 

The-o-ti'mus 

The-ox'e-na 

The-ox-e'ni-a 

The-ox-e'ni-us 

The'ra 

The-ram'bus 

The-ram'e-nos 

The-rap'ne, or 

Te-rap'ne 
The'ra3 
The-rip 'pi-dag 
Ther'i-tas 
Taer'ma 
Ther-mo'don 
Ther-mop'y-la3 
Ther'mus 
The-rod'a-mas 
The'ron 
Ther-pan'der 
Ther-san'der 
Ther-sil'o-chus 
Ther-sip'pus 
Ther-si'tes 1 
Thes-bi'tes 
The-se'i-da3 
The-se'is 
The'se-us ^ 

The-si'dae 
The-si'des 
Thes-moph-o'ri-a 
Thes-moth'e-tae 
Thes-pi'a 
Thes-pi'a-dae 
Thes-pi'a-dea 
Thes'pi-ae 
Thes'pis 
Thes' pi-US, or 

Thes'ti-us 
Thes-pro'ti-a 10 
Thes-pro'tU3 
Thes-sa'li-a 
Thes-sa'li-on 29 
Thes-sa-li'o-ti3 
The3-sa-lo-ni'ca$ 30 
Thes'sa-Jus 
Thes'te 
Thes'ti-a 
Thes-ti'a-de, and 

Thes-ti'a-des 
Thes'ti-as 
Thes'ti-us 
Thes'tor 
Thes'ty-lis 
The'tis 

Theu'tis, or Teu'thia 
Thi'a 
Thi'as 
Thim'bron 
Thi-od'a-mas 
This 'be 
This'i-as 10 
Thi=, o-a 
Tho-an'ti-um 10 
TJio'as 
Tho'e 8 
Thorn' y-ris 19 



* Taygetus and Taygete. — All our prosodists but Lempriere 
accent tlTese ^vords on the antepenultimate syllable, as if di- 
vided into Ta-yg'e-tus and T(i-yg'e-te. I am, therefore, 
rather inclined to suppose the quantity marked in his diction- 
ary an error of the press- The lines in Lily's QuiB Oenus 
•will easily call to the recollection of every scholar how early 
he adopted the antepenultimate pronunciation : 

" Tartara, Taygetus, sic Teenera, Massica, et altus 
Oarsirns " 



f Tereus. — For words of this termination, see Idomeneus. 

X Tliehes. — Thebes in Egypt was called Hecatom'pylos, 
from having a hundred gates ; and Thebes in Greece Hep- 
tap' ylos, from its seven gates. 

§ Thessalonica. — This word, like every other of a similar 
termination, is sure to be pronounced by a mere English schol- 
ar with the accent on the third syllable; bat this must bo 
avoided en pain of literary excomiBunication 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



^rn 



TI 

Tho'lus 

Thon* 

Tho'nis 

Tho'on 

Tho'o-sa 

Tho-o'tes 

Tho-ra'ni-us 

Tho'rax 

Tho'ri-a 

Thor'nax 

Thor'sus 

Tho'us 

Thra'ce 

Thia'ces 

riira'ci-a 

Tfiracs (Eng.) 

Thrac'i-dae 19 

Thra'cis 

Thra'se-as 11 

Thra-sid'e-us 

Thra'si-us 10 

Thra'so 

Thras-y-bu'lus 

Thras-y-dae'u3 

Thra-syl'lus 

Thra-sym'a-chu3 

Thras-y-me'des 

Thras-y-me'nus 

Thre-ic'i-us 24 

Thre-is'sa 

Threp-sip pas 

Thri-am'bus 

Thro'ni-um 

Thry'on 

Thry'us 

Thu-cyd'i-des 

Thn-is'to 

Thule 8 

Thu'ri-8B, or Thu'ri-um 

Thu'ri-nus 

Thus'ci-a 10 

Thy'a 

Thy'a-des 

Thy'a-mis 

Thy'a-na 

Thy-a-ti'ra 

Thy-bar'ni 

Thy-es'ta 

Thy-es'tes 

Thym'bra 

Thym-brsB'us 

Thym'bris 

Thym'bron 

Thym'e-le 

Thy-mi'a-this 

Thy-moch'a-res 

Thy-mos'tes 

Thy-od'a-maa 

Thy-o'ne 

Thy-o'ne-us 

Thy'o-tes , 

Thy're 

Thyr'e-a 

Thyr'e-us 

Thyr'i-on 29 

Thyr-sag'e-tae 

Thys'sos 

Thy'us 

Ti'a-sa 1 

Tib-a-re'ni 

Ti-be'ri-as 

Tib-e-ri'nus 



Tl 

Tib'e-ris 

Ti-be'ri-ua 

Ti-be'sis 

Ti-bul'lus 

Ti'bur 

Ti-bui"ti-us 10 

Ti-bur'tus 

Tich'i-us 12 

Tic'i-da 

Ti-ci'nus 

Tid'i-us 

Ti-es'sa 

Tif'a-ta 

Ti-fer'num 

Tig'a-sis 

Tig-elli'nus 24 

Ti-gel'li-us 

Ti-gra'nes 

Tig-ran-o-cer'ta 

Ti'gres 

Ti'gris 

Tig-u-ri'ni 3 

Til-a-tiE'i 4 

Ti-mae'a 

Ti-mae'us 

Ti-mag'e-nes 

Ti-mag'o-ras 

Ti-man'dra 

Ti-man'dri-des 

Ti-man'thes 

Ti-mar'chus 12 

Tim-a-re'ta 

Ti-ma'si-on 11 

Tim-a-sith'e-us 

Ti-ma'vus 

Ti-me'si-us 11 

Ti-mocb'a-ris 12 

Tim-o-cle'a 

Ti-nioc'ra-tes 

Ti-mo'cre-on 

Tim-o-de'mus 

Tim-o-la'us 

Ti-mo'le-on 

Ti-mo'lus 13 

Ti-mom'a-chus 

Ti'mon 

Ti-moph'a-nes 

Ti-mo'the-us 

Ti-mox'e-nus 

Tin'gis 

Ti'pha 

Ti'phys 

Ti,ph'y-sa 

Ti-re'si-as 10 

Tir-i-ba'ses 

Tir-i-da'tes 

Ti'ris 18 

Ti'ro 

Ti-ryn'thi-a 

Ti-ryn'thu3 

Ti-sae'um 

Ti-sag'o-ras 

Ti-sam'e-nes 

Ti-san'drus 

Ti-sar'chus 12 

Ti-si'a-rus 

Tis'i-as 10 

Ti-siph'o-ne 

Ti-siph'o-nus 

Tis-sam'e-nus 

Tis-sa-pher'nes 

Ti-tae'a 



TR 

Ti'tan, Ti-ta'nus 

Tit'a-na 

Ti-ta'nes 

Ti'tans (Eng.) 

Ti-ta'ni-a 

Ti-tan'i-des 

Ti-ta'nus (a giant) 

Tit'a-nus (a liver) 

Tit-a-re'si-us 10 

Tit'e-nus 

Tith-e-nid'i-a 

Ti-tho'nus 

Tit'i-a 19 

Tit-i-a'na 21 

Tit-i-a'nus 

Tit'i-i 3 19 

Ti-thraus'tes 

Ti-tin'i-us 

Tit'i-us 10 19 

Ti-tor'mus 

Ti-tu'ri-us 

Ti'tus 

Tit'y-rus 

Tit'y-us 19 

Tle-pol'e-mus 16 

Tma'rus 

Tmo'lus 13 

To-ga'ta 

Tol'nii-des 

To-lo'sa 

To-lum'nus 

To'lus 

To-mae'um 

Tom'a-rus 19 

Tom'i-sa 

To'mos, or To'mis 

Tom'y-ris 19 

To'ne-a 

Ton-gil'li 

To-pa'zos 

Top'i-ris, or 

Top'rus 
Tor'i-ni 3 
To-ro'ne 
Tor-qua'ta 
Tor-nua'tus 
Tor 'tor 
To'rus 
Tor'y-ne 
Tox-a-rid'i-a 19 
Tox'e-us 
Tox-ic'ra-te 
Tra'be-a 
Trach'a-Ius 12 
Tra'chas 
Tra-chin'i-a 
Trach-o-ni'tis 
Tra'gus 

Traj-a-nop'o-lis 
Tra-ja'nus 
Tra'jan (Eng.) 
Tral'les 

Trans-tib-er-i'na 
Tra-pe'zQs 
Tra-sul'lus 
Tre-ba'ti-us 10 
Tre-bel-Ii-a'nus 
Tre-bel-li-e'nus 
Tre-bel'li-us 
Tre'bi-a 
Tre'bi-us 
Tre-bo'ni-a 



TU 

Tre-bo'ni-u3 

Treb'u-la 19 

Tre'rus 

Trev'e-ri 3 

Tri-a'ri-a 

Tri-a'ri-us 

Tri-bal'li 3 

Trib'o-ci 

Tri-bu'ni 

Tric-as-ti'ni 3 

Tric'cae 

Trick'se 

Tri-cla'ri-a 

Tri-cre'na 

Tri-e-ter'i-ca 

Trif-o-li'nus 

Tri-na'cri-a, or 

Trin'a-cris 
Tri-no-ban'tes 
Tri-oc'a-la, or 

Tri'o-cla 
Tri'o-pas or Tri'ops 
Tri-phil'lis 1 
Tri-phi'lns 
Tri-phyl'i-a 
Tripo-lis 19 
Trip-tol'e-mus 
Triq'ue-tra 
Tris-me-gis'tus 
Trit'i-a 10 
Tr»t-o-ge-ni'a 30 
Tri'ton 
Tri-to'nis 
Tri-um'vi-ri 4 
Tri-ven'tum 
Triv'i-a 

Triv'i-aB An'trum 
Triv'i-ae Lu'cus 
Tri-vi'cum 
Tro'a-des 
Tro'as 
Troch'a-ri 
Troch'o-is 12 
Troe-ze'ne 
Trog'i-lus 24 
Trog-lod'y-tae 
Tro'gus Pom-pe'i-us 
Tro'ja 
Troy (Eng.) 
Tro'i-lust 
Trom-en-ti'na 
Troph'i-mus 
Tro-pho'ni-us 
Tros 

Tros'su-lum 
Trot'i-lum 
Tru-en'tum or 

Tru-en-ti'num 
Tryph'e-rus 
Tryph-i-o-do'rus 
Try'phon 
Try-pho'sa 
Tu'be-ro 19 
Tuc'ci-a 10 
Tuk'she-a 
Tu'ci-a 10 

Tu'der,orTu-der'ti-a 10 
Tu'dri 3 

Tu-gi'ni, or Tu-ge'ni 
Tu-gu-ri'nus 22 
Tu-is'to 
Tu-lin'gi 3 



TY 

Tul'la 

Tul'li-a 

Tal-li'o-la 

Tul'li-U3 

Tu-ne'ta, or Tu'nia 

Tun'gri 

Tu-ra'ni-us 

Tur'bo 

Tur-de-ta'ni 

Tu-re'sis 

Tu'ri-U8 

Tur'nus 

Tu'ro-nes 

Tur'pi-o 

Tu-rul'li-us 

Tus-ca'ni-a, and 

Tus'ci-a 10 
Tus'ci 3 
Tus-cu-la'num 
Tus'cu-lum 
Tus'cus 
Tu'ta 
Tu'ti-a 10 
Tu'ti-cum 
Ty'a-na 
Ty-a'ne-us,J or 

Ty-a-nae'us 
Ty-a-ni'tis 
Ty'bris 
Ty'bur 
Ty'che 12 
Ty'ke 

Tych'i-cus 12 
Tych'i-us 12 
Ty'de 
Tyd'e-us$ 
Ty-di'des 
Ty-e'nis 
Tym'ber 
Ty-mo'lus 
Tym-pa'ni-a 
Tym-pbae'i 3 
Tyn-dar'i-des 
Tyn'da-ris 
Tyn'da-rus 
Tyn'ni-chus 
Ty-phoe'us, or 

Ty-phoe'os (sub.) 
Ty-pho'e-us (adj.) 
Ty'phon 
Ty-ran-ni'on 
Ty-ran'nus 
Ty'ras, or Ty'ra 
Ty'res 
Tyr-i-da'tes 
Tyr'i-i 4 
Ty-ri'o-tes 
Ty'ro 

.Ty-rog'ly-phus 
Ty'ros 
Tyr-rhe'i-dae 
Tyr-rhe'i-de3 
Tyr-rhe'ni 
Tyr-rhe'num 
Tyr-rbe'nus 
Tyr'rhe-us 
Tyr-rhi'dae 
Tyr'sis 
Tyr-tae'us 
Ty'rus, or Ty'ros 
Tyre (Eng.) 
Tys'i-as 10 



* 77ion, a physician of Egypt. — Milton spells this word 
with the final e, making it one syllable only, and consequently 
pronouncing it so as to rhyme with tone : 

" Not that Nepenthe, which the wife of Thone, 
In Egypt, gave to Jove-born Helena, 

Is of such power to stir up joy as this" 

Comus. 
t Troihis.— This word is almost always heard as if it were 
two syllables only, and as if written Troy'lus. This is a cor- 
ruption of the first magnitude : the vowels should be kept sepa- 
'ate, as if written Tro'e-lus. — See Zoilhs. 

X Tyaneus. — This word is only used as an adjective to Apol- 
lonius, the celebrated Pythagorean philosopher, and is formed 
from the town of Tyana, where ho was born. The natural 
formation of this adjective would undoubtedly be Tyaneus, 
with the accent on the antepenultimate syllable. Labbe, at 
the word Tyana, says, " et inde deductum Tyaneus; quid- 
quid sciam reclamare nonnullos sed immerito, ut satis norunt 
eruditi " 

The numberless authorities, which might be brought for 
6-2 



pronouncing this word either way, sufficiently show how equiv- 
ocal is its accent, and of how little importance it is to which 
we give the preference. My private opinion coincides with 
Labbe ; but, as we generally find it written with the diph- 
thong, we may presume the penultimate accent has prevailed, 
and that it is the safest to follow. 

$ Tydeus. — This word, like several others of the same ter- 
mination, was pronounced by the Greeks sometimes in three 
and sometimes in two syllables, the eu considered as a diph- 
thong. When it was pronounced in three syllables, the penul" 
timate syllable was long, and the accent was on it, as we find 
it in a verse of Wilkie's Epigoniad .- 

" Venus, still partial to the Theban arms, 
Tydeus^ son seduc'd by female charms." 
But the most prevailing pronunciation was that with the ante- 
penultimate accent, as we generally find it in Pope's Homer : 
" Next came Idomeneus and Tydeus* son, 
Ajax the less, and Ajax Telamon." 

Pope's Horn. b. 11. v. 50. 
See Idomeneus. 



978 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



VE 

u. 

U'BI-I 4 

U-cal'e-gon 
U'cu-bis 
U'fens 
Uf-en-ti'na 
Ul-pi-a'nu3 
Ul'pi-an (Eng. ) 
U'lu-brae 
U-lys'ses 
Um'ber 
Um'bra 
Um'bri-a 
Um-brig'i-us 24 
Um'bro 
Un'ca 
Ua'chae 

Un-de-cem'vi-ri 3 
U-nel'li 3 
LTnx'i-a 
U-ra'ai-a 
U-ra'ni-i, or U'ri-i 
U'ra-nua 
Ur-bic'u-a 
Ur'bi-pus 
U'ri-a 
U'ri-tes 
Ur-sid'i-us 
Us-ca'na 
U-sip'e-tes, or 
U-sip'i-ci ? 
Us-ti'ca 
U'ti-ca 

Ux-el-lo-du num 
Ux'i-i 3 
Ux-is'a-ma 
U'zi-ta 



VAC-C^'I 3 

Va-cu'na 

Va'ga 

Vag-e-dru'sa 

Va-gel'li-us 

Va-ge'ni 3 

Va'la 

Va'lens 

Va-len'ti-a 10 

Val-en-tin-i-a'nus 

Val-en-tin'i-an (Eng.) 

Va-le'ri-a 

Va-le-ri-a'nus 

Va-le'ri-an (Eng.) 

Va-le'ri-us 

Val'e-rus 

Val'gi-us 

Van-da 'li-i 3 4 

Van-gi'o-nes 

Van'ni-ua 

Va-ra'nes 

Var-dBB'i 

Va'ri-a 

Va-ri'ni 3 

Va-ris'ti 

Va'ri-U3 

Var'ro 

Va'rus 

Vas-co'nes 

Vat-i-ca'nus 

Va-tin'i-u9 

Vat-i-e'nus 

Vec'ti-ua 10 



VE 

Ve'di-us Pol'li-o 

Ve-ge'ti-us 10 

Ve'i-a 

Ve-i-a'nus 

Ve-i-en'tes 

Ve-i-en'to 

Ve'i-i 3 

Vej'o-vis 

Ve-la'brum 

Ve-la'ni-us 

Ve'Ii-a 

Vel'i-ca 

Ve-li'na 

Ve-li'num 

Ve-li-o-cas'si 3 

Vel-i-ter'na 

Ve-li'trae 

Vel'la-ri 3 

Vel'le-da 

Vel-le'i-us 

Ve-na'frum* 

Ven'e-di 

Ven'e-li 

Ven'e-ti 3 

Ve-ne'ti-a 10 

Ven'ice (Eng.) 

Ven'e-tus 

Ve-nil'i-a 

Ve-no'ni-us 

Ven-tid'i-us 

Ven'ti 3 

Ven-u-Ie'i-us 

Ven'u-lus 

Ve'nus 

Ve-nu'si-a, or 

Ve-nu'si-um 10 
Ve-ra'gri 
Ve-ra'ni-a 
Ve-ra'ni-us 
Ver-big'e nus 
Ver-cel'lsB 
Ver-cin-get'o-rix 
Ver e'na 
Ver-gil'i-a 
Ver-gas-il-lau'nus 
Ver-gel'lus 
Ver-gil'i-ae 
Ver-gin'i-u9 
Ver'gi-um 
Ver-go-bre'tus 
Ver'i-tas 

Ver-o-doc'ti-us 10 
Ver-o-man'du-i 
Ve-ro'na 
Ve-ro'nes 
Ver-o-ni'ca 30 
Ver-re-gi'num 
Ver'res, C. 
Ver'ri-tus 
Ver'ri-us 
Ver-ru'gof 
Ver'ti-co 
Ver-ti-cor'di-a 
Ver-tis'cus 
Ver-tum'nus 
Ver-u-la'nus 
Ve'rus 
Ves'bi-us, or 

Ve-su'bi-us 
Ves-ci-a'num 
Ves-pa-si-a'nus 
Ves-pa'si-an (Eng.) 
Ves-cu-la'ri-us 
Ves'e-ris 
Ve-se'vi-us, and 

Ve-se'vus 
Ves'ta 



vo 

Ves-ta'les 

Ves-ta'Ii-a 

Ves-tic'i-us 24 

Ves-til'i-us 

Ves-til'la 

Ves-ti'ni 3 

Ves-ti'nus 

Ves'u-lus 

Ve-su'vi-us 

Vet'ti-us 

Vet-to'nes 

Vet-u-lo'ni-a 

Ve-tu'ri-a 

Ve-tu'n-us 

Ve'tus 

Vi-bid'i-a 

Vi-bid'i-us 

Vib'i-us 

Vi'bo 

Vib-u-le'nus 

Vi-bul'li-us 

Vi'ca Po'ta 

Vi-cen'ta, or 

Vi-ce'ti-a 10 
Vi-cel'li-us 
Vic 'tor 
Vic-to'ri-a 
Vic-to'ri-us 
Vic-to-ri'na 
Vic-to-ri'nus 
Vic-tum'vi-3e 
Vi-en'na 
Vil'li-a 
Vil'li-us 
Vim-i-na'lis 
Vin-cen'ti-us 10 
Vin'ci-us 
Vin-da'li-us 
Vin-del'i-ci 4 
Vin-de-mi-a'tor 
Vin'dex Ju'li-us 
Vin-dic'i-us 10 
Vin-do-nis'sa 
Vi-nic'i-us 10 
Vi-nid'i-us 
Vin'i-us 
Vin'ni-us 
Vip-sa'ni-a 
Vir'bi-us 
Vir-gil'i-us 
Virigil (Eng.) 
Vir-gin'i-a 
Vir-gin'i-us 
Vii-i-a'thus 
Vir-i-dom'a-ru3 
Vi-rip'Ia-ca 
Vir'ro 
Vir'tus 
Vi-sel'li-us 
Vi-sel'lus 
Vi-tel'li-a 
Vi-tel'li-us 
Vit'i-a 10 
Vit'ri-cus 
Vi-tru'vi-u3 
Vit'u-la 
Vo-co'ni-a 
Vo-co'ni-us 
Vo-con'ti-a 10 
Vog'e-sus 
Vol-a-gin'i-us 
Vo-la'na 
Vo-lan'dum 
Vol-a-ter'ra 
Vol'cae, or Vol'gae 
Vo-log'e-ses 
Vo-log'e-sus 



XY 

Vol'scens 
Vol'sci, or Vol'ci 
Vol-sin'i-um 
Vol-tin'i-a 
Vo-lum'nas Fa 'num 
Vo-lum'ni-a 
Vo-lum'nus 
Vo-lum'ni-us 
Vo-lup'tas, and 

Vo-lu'pi-a 
Vol-u-se'nus 
Vo-lu-si-a'nus 
Vo-lu'si-us 10 
Vol'u-sus 
Vo'lux 
Vo-ma'nus 
Vo-no'nes 
Vo-pis'cuB 
Vo-ra'nus 
Vo-ti-e'nus 22 
Vul-ca-na'li-a 
Vul-ca'ni 
Vul-ca'ni-us 
Vul-ca'nus 
Vul'can (Eng.) 
Vul-ca'ti-us 10 
Vul-si'num 
Vul'so 
Vul'tu-ra 
Vul-tu-re'i-us 
Vul-tu'ri-us 
Vul-tur'num 
Vul-tur'nus 



XAN'THE 17 

Xan'thi 

Xan'thi-a 

Xan'thi-ca 

Xan-thip'pe 

Xan-thip'pus 

Xan'tho 

Xan-tho-pu'IU8 

Xan'thus 

Xan'ti-cles 

Xan-tip'pe 

Xan-tip'pus 

Xe-nag'o-ras 

Xe-nar'chus 

Xen'a-res 

Xen'e-tus 

Xe'ne-ua 

Xe-ni'a-des 

Xe'ni-ua 

Xen-o-cle'a 

Xen'o-clea 

Xen-o-cli'des 

Xe-noc'ra-tea 

Xe-nod'a-mus 

Xe-nod'i-ce 

Xe-nod'o-chus 

Xen-o-do'rus 

Xe-nod'o-tus 

Xe-noph'a-nea 

Xe-noph'i-lus 

Xen'o-phon 

Xen-o-phon-ti'U3 

Xen-o-pi-thi'a 

Xerx'es 17 

Xeu'xes 

Xn'thus 

Xy'chua 

Xyn'i-aa 

Xyn-o-ich'i-a 



ZY 



ZAB'A-TUS 19 27 

Zab-di-ce'ne 

Za-bir'na 

Zab'u-lus 

Za-cyn'thua 

Za-grae'us 

Za'grus 

Zal'a-tea 19 

Za-leu'cu3 

Za'ma, or 

Zag'ma 
Za'me-is 
Za-mol'xis 
Zan'cle 
Zan'the-nes 
Zan'thi-cles 
Za'rax 
Zar-bi-e'nu3 
Zar-i-as'pes 
Za'theB 
Ze-bi'na 
Ze'Ia, or 

Ze'li-a 
Ze'le3 
Ze-lot'y-pe 
Ze'lu3 
Ze'no 
Ze-no'bi-a 
Zen'oHiloa 
Zen-o-cli'des 
Zpn-o-do'rus 
Zen-o-do'ti-a 
Ze-nod'o-tu8j 
Ze-noth'e-mis 
Ze-noph'a-nc8 
Ze-phyr'i-um 
Zeph'y-rus 
Zeph'y-rum 
Ze-ryn'thus 
Ze'thes, or 

Ze'tus 
Zeu-gi-ta'na 
Zeug'ma 
Ze'ua 

Zeux-id'a-mu9 
Zeux'i-daa 
Zeu-xip'pe 
Zeu'xis 
Zeu'xo 
Zi-gi'ra 

Zil'i-a, or Ze'lis 
Zi-myri 
Zi-ob'e-ris 
Zi-pae'tes 
Zmil'a-cea 16 
Zo'i-ius$ 29 
Zo-ip'pus 
Zo'na 
Zon'a-ra3 
Zoph'o-rus 
Zo-pyr'i-o 
Zo-pyr'i-on 
Zop'y-ru3 19 
Zor-o-as'ter 
Zos'i-mu3 
Zos'i-ne 
Zos-te'ri-a 
Zo-thraus'tes 
Zy-gan'te3 
Zyg'e-na 
Zyg'i-a 
Zy-gom'a-la 
Zy-gop'o-lis 
Zy-gri'tre 



* Venafrum. — Though the accent may be placed either on 
the antepenultimate or the penultimate syllable of this word, 
the latter is by far the preferable, as it is adopted by Lem- 
priere, Labbe, Gouldman, and other good authorities. 

f Verrugo. — I have given this word the penultimate accent 
with Lempriere, in opposition to Ainsworth, who adopts the 
antepenultimate. 

X Zenodotus, — All our prosodists but Lempriere give this 
word the antepenultimate accent j and, till a good reason le 



given why it should diflbr from Herodotus^ I must beg leave to 
follow the majority. 

$ Zoilus. — The two vowels in this word are alway3 sepa- 
rated in the Greek and Latin, but in the English pronunciation 
of it they arc frequently blended into a diphthong, as in the 
words oil, boil, &c This, however, is an illiterate pronun- 
ciation, and should be avoided. The word should have three 
syllables, and bo pronounced as if written Zo'e-lus 



GUEEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



979 



I5Y inspecting the foregoing Vocabulary, we see that, not- 
^viihstanding all the barriers with which the learned have 
guarded the accentuation of the dead languages, still some 
words there are which despise their laws, and boldly adopt 
the analogy of English pronunciation. It is true, the catalogue 
of these is not very numerous ; for, as an error of this kind 
incurs the penalty of being tliought illiterate and vulgar, it is 
no wonder that a pedantic adherence to Greek and Latin 
snould, in doubtful cases, be generally preferred. 

But as the letters of the dead languages have insensibly 
changofl their sound by passing into the living ones, so it is 
impoesible to preserve the accent from sliding sometimes into 
tho analoffieii of our own tongue ; and when once words of this 



kind are fixed in the public ear, it is not only a useless, but a 
pernicious pedantry to disturb them. Who could hear without 
pity of Alexander's passing the river Gh-ani'cus, or of his mar- 
rying the sister of Parys'atis 7 These words, and several others, 
must bo looked upon as planets shot from their original spheres, 
and moving round another centre. 

After all the care, therefore, that has been taken to accent 
words according to the best authorities, some have been found 
so differently marked by different prosodists, as to make it no 
easy matter to know to which we shall give the preference 
In this case, I have ventured to give my opinion, without pre- 
suming to decide, and merely as an 'HvwriKov, or Interim, till 
the learned have pronounced the final sentence. 



PREFACE 

TO THE 

TERMINATIOWAL VOCABULARY. 



TAKING a retrospective view of language, or surveying it 
in its terminations, affords not only a new but an advantage- 
ous view of all languages. The necessity of this view in- 
duced me, several years ago, to arrange the whole English 
language according to its terminations ; and this arrangement 
I found of infinite use to me in consulting the analogies of our 
tongue. A conviction of its utility made me desirous of ar- 
ranging the Greek and Latin proper names in the same manner, 
and more particularly as the pronunciation of these languages 
depends more on the termination of words than any other we 
are acquainted with. Of such utility is this arrangement sup- 
posed to be in the Greek language, that the son of the famous 
Hoogeven, who wrote on the Greek particles, has actually 
printed such a dictionary, which only waits for a preface to 
be published. The labor of such a selection and arrange- 
ment must have been prodigious ; nor is the task I have un- 
dertaken in the present work a slight one ; but the idea of ren- 
dering tlie classical pronunciation of proper names still more 
easy, encouraged me to persevere in the labor, however dry 
and fatiguing. 

I flattered myself I had already promoted this end, by di- 
viding the proper names into syllables upon analogical prin- 
ciples ; but hoped I could still add to the facility of recollect- 
ing their pronunciation by the arrangement here adopted ; 
which, in the first place, exhibits the accent and quantity of 
every word by its termination. 

In the next place, it shows the extent of this accentuation, 
by producing, at one view, all the words differently accented, 
by which means may be formed tlie rule and the exception. 

Thirdly, wlien the exceptions are but few, and less apt to be 
regarded, by seeing them contrasted with the rule, they are 
imprinted more strongly on the memory, and are the more easi- 
ly recollected. Thus, by seeing that Sperchius, Xenophontius, 
and Darius, are the only words of that very numerous termi- 
nation which have the accent on the penultimate, we are at 
perfect ease about all the rest. 

Fourthly, by seeing that all words ending in enes have uni- 
versally the antepenultimate accent, we easily recollect that 
the pronunciation of Eumenes with the accent on the penulti- 
mate is radically wrong, and is only tolerated because adopted 
by some respectable writers. Thus, too, the numerous termi- 
nation in ades is seen to be perfectly antepenultimate ; and the 
ambiguous termination in ides is freed in some measure from 
its intricacy, by seeing the extent of both forms contrasted. 
This contrast, without being obliged to go to Greek etymolo- 
gies, shows at one view when this termination has the accent 
M the penultimate i, as in Tydides, and when it transfers the 



accent to the antepenultimate, as in Thucydides ; which de- 
pends entirely on the quantity of the original word from which 
these patronymics are formed. 

And, lastly, when the number of words pronounced with a 
different accent are nearly equal, we can at least find some way 
of recollecting their several accentuations better than if they 
were promiscuously mingled with all the rest of the words in the 
language. By frequently repeating them as they stand together, 
the ear will gain a habit of placing the accent properly, with- 
out knowing why it does so. In short, if Labbe's CathoUci 
Indices, which is in the hands of all the learned, be useful for 
readily finding the accent and quantity of proper names, the 
present Index cannot fail to be much more so, as it aot only 
associates them by their accent and quantity, but according to 
their termination also ; and by this additional association it 
must necessarily render any diversity of accent more easily 
perceived and remembered. 

To all which advantages it may be added, that this arrange- 
ment has enabled me to point out the true sound of every ter- 
mination ; by which means those who are totally unacquaint- 
ed with the learned languages will find themselves instructed 
in tho true pronunciation of the final letters of every word, as 
well as its accent and quantity. 

It need scarcely be observed, that, in the following Index, 
almost all words of two syllables are omitted; for, as dissyl- 
lables in the Greek and Latin languages are always pronounced 
with the accent on the first, it was needless to msert them. 
The same may be observed of such words as have the vowel in 
the penultimate syllable followed by two consonants ; for, in 
this case, unless the former of these consonants was a mute, 
and the latter a liquid, the penultimate vowel was always long, 
and consequently always had the accent. This analogy takes 
place in our pronunciation of words from the Hebrew ; which, 
with the exception of some few that have been Anglicised, 
such as Bethlehemite, JVazarene, &c,, have the accent, like 
the Greek and Latin words, either on the penultimate or ante- 
penultimate syllable. 

It might have been expected that I should have confined 
myself to the insertion of proper names alone, without bring- 
ing in the gentile adjectives, as they are called, which are de- 
rived from them. This omission would, undoubtedly, have 
saved me immense trouble ; but these adjectives, being some- 
times used as substantives, made it difficult to draw the !ine ; 
and, as the analogy of accentuation was, in some measure, con- 
nected with these adjectives, I hoped the trouble of collecting 
and ai ranging them would not be entirely thrown away. 



TERMINATIONAL VOCABULARY 



OP 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



Accent the Antepenultimate. 
ABAA,* Nausicaa. 

BA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Ababa, Desudaba, Alaba, Allaba, Aballaba, Cillaba, Adeba, 
Abnoba, Onoba, Arnoba, Ausoba, Hecuba, Gelduba, Cordu- 
ba, Voluba, Rutuba. 

ACA ECA ICAt OCA UCA YCA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Cleonica, Thessalonica, Veronica, Noctiluca, Donuca. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Ithaca, Andviaca, Malaca, Tabraca, Mazaca, Seneca, 
Cyrenai'ca, Belgica, Georgica, Cabalica, Italica, Maltilica, 
Bellica, Laconica, Leonica, Marica, Marmarica, Conimbrica, 
Merobrica, Mirobrica, Cetobrica, Anderica, America, Africa, 
Arborica, Aremorica, Armorica, Norica, Tetrica, Asturica, 
Illyrica, Nasica, Esica, Corsica, Athatica, Bogtica, Ceretica, 
Anaitica, Celtica, Salmantica, Cyrrliestica, Ustica, Utica, 
Engravica, Oboca, Amadoca, Aesyca, Mutyca. 

DA 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Abdeda, Hecameda, Diomeda, Amida, Actrida. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Aada, AJada, Symada, Bagrada, Suada, Idubeda, Andro- 
meda, Ceneda, Agneda, Voneda, Candida, Egida, Anderida, 
Florida,! Pisida. 

^A 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Dicaea, Nicsea, and all words of this termination. 
EA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Laodicea, Stratonicea, Cymodocea, Medea, Ligea, Argea, 
Amathea, Alphea, Erythea, Ethalea, Malea, Heraclea, Am- 
phiclea, Theoclea, Agathoclea, Androclea, Euryclea, Penthe- 
eilea, Achillea, Asbamea, Alcidamea, Cadmea, Elimea, ^nea, 
Mantinea, Maronea, Chaeronea, ^pea, Barea, Caesarea, Neo- 
CBBsarea, Cytherea, Ipsea, Hypsea, Galatea, Platea, Myrtea 
(a city). 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Pharnacea, Ardea, Tegea, ^thea, Dexithea, Leucothea, 
Alea, Doclea, Dioclea, Elea, Marcellea, Demea, Castanea, 
Aminea, Ficulnea, Albunea, Boea, Clapea or Clypea, Abar- 
barea, Chaerea, Verrea, Laurea, Thyrea, Rosea, Odyssea, 
Etea, Tritea, Myrtea (a name of Venus), Butea, Abazea. 
CEA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
MeliboBa, Euboea, and all words of this termination. 

* As the accent is never on the last syllable of Greek or 
Latin proper names, the final a must be pronounced as in Eng- 
lish words of this termination ; that is, nearly as the interjec- 
tion ah ! — See Rule 7, prefixed to the Initial Vocabulary. 

■j- Of all the words ending in tea, Cleonica. Veronica, and 
Thessalonica, are the only three which have the. penultimate 
accent. — See Rule the 29th, prefixed to the Initial Vocabulary, 
and the words Andronicus and Sophronicus. 

:f Labbe tels us that some of the most learned men pro- 
nounce this part of America with the accent on the penulti- 
mate syllable. 

\VThe vowels in this termination do not form a diphthong. 
The accent is upon the first a, the i is pronounced like y con- 
sonant in year, and the final a nearly like the a in father, or 
the interjection ah .'—See Rule 7 

II Words of this termination have the cia pronounced as if 
written sAe-a.— See Rule 10, prefixed to the Initial Vocabvn 
lary. 

IT See Rule 30, and the word in the Initial Vocabulary. 

** Sea Iphiqenia, in the Initial Vocabulary. 



GA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abaga, Bibaga, Ampsaga, Aganzaga, Noega, Arabnga, 
Aobriga, Segobriga, Co^iobriga, Flaviobriga. 

HA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Malacha, Pyrrhica, Adatha, Agatha, Badenatha, Abara- 
tha, Monumetha. 

AIA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Achaia,$ Panchaia, Aglaia, Maia. 

BIA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Arabia, Trebia, Contrebia, Albia, Balbia, Olbia, Coryra- 
bia, Zenobia, Coraubia. 

CIAIJ 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Nicacia, Dacia, Salacia, Wormacia, Thaumacia, Connacia, 

Ambracia, Thracia, Samothracia, Artacia, Accia, Gallacia, 

Graecia, Voadicia, Vindelicia, Cilicia, Libyphoenicia, Aricia, 

Chalcia, Francia, Provincia, Cappadocia, Porcia, Muscia, 

Ascia, Iscia, Thuscia, Boruscia, Seleucia,ir Tucia, Lycia. 

DIA 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Iphimedia,** Laomedia, Protomedia. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Badia, Arcadia, Leucadia, Media, Iphimedia, Nicomedia, 
Polymedia, Eporedia, Corsedia, Suedia, Fordicidia, Numidia, 
Canidia, Japidia, Pisidia, Gallovidia, Scandia, India, Burgun- 
dia, Ebodia, Clodia, ^rodia, Longobardia, Cardia, Verticor- 
dia, Concordia, Discordia, Herephordia, Claudia, Lydia. 

EIA 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Elegeia,tt Hygeia, Antheia, Cartheia, Aquileia, Pompeia, 
Deiopeia, Tarpeia, Carteia. 

GIA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Sphagia, Lagia, Athanagia, Norvigia, Cantabrigia, Orngia, 

Langia, Eningia, Finningia, Lotharingia, Turingia, Sergia, 

Orgia, Pelasgia, Fugia, Rugia, Ogygia, Jopygia, Phrygia, 

Zygia. 

HIA 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Sophia, Anthia, Erythia, Xenopithia. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Valachia, Lysimachia, Centauromachia, Inachia, Xynsi 



tt The ancients sometimes separated the vowels ei in this 
termination, and sometimes pronounced them as a diphthong. 
The general mode of pronouncing them, with us, is to consider 
them as a diphthong, and to pronounce it as long or double e ; 
which, from its squeezed sound, approaches to the initial y, 
and makes these words pronounced as if written El-e-je^yah, 
Hy-je^yah, &c. This is the pronunciation which ought to be 
adopted ; but scholars, who are fond of displaying their 
knowledge of Greek, will be sure to pronounce Elegeia, Hyge- 
ia, or rather Hygieia, Antheia, and Deiopeia, with the diph- 
thong like the noun eye y while Cartheia, or Carteia, Aquileia, 
Pompeia, and Tarpeia, of Latin original, are permitted to 
have their diphthongs sounded like double e, or, which is near- 
ly the same thing, if the vowels are separated, to sound the e 
long as in equal, and the i a.s y consonant, articulating the 
final a. — See note on Achaia. 



For a more complete idea of the sound of this diphthong, 
see the word Pleiades, in the Initial Vocabulary. To 
which observations we may add, that, when this diphthong 
in Greek is reduced to the single long i in Latin, as in 
Iphigenia, Elegia, &lc. it is pronounced like single i, that is 
like the noun eye. 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



981 



chia, Antiochia, Amphilochia, Munychia, Philadelphia, Apos- 
trophia, Scarphia, Acryphia, Emathia, ^mathia, Alethia, 
Hyacinthia, Carinthia, Tyrinthia, Cynthia, Tyrynthia, Par- 
thia, Scythia, Pythia 

L.IA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Thalia, Aristoclia, Basilia. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
CEbalia, Fornicalia, Lupercalia, Acidalia, Vandalia, Po- 
dalia, Megalia, Robigalia, Fugalia, GEchalia, Westphalia, 
^Dthalia, Alalia, Vulcanalia, Paganalia, Bacchanalia, Ter- 
minalia, Fontinalia, Vertumnalia, Portumnalla, Agonalia, 
Angeronalia, Saturnalia, Faunalia, Portunalia, Opalia, Lib- 
eralia, Feralia, Floralia, Lemuralia, Salia, Pharsalia, 
Thessalia, jiEtalia, Italia, Compitalia, Carmontalia, Lauren- 
talia, Castalia, Attalia, Psytalia, Mamblia, -iElia, Coelia, Be- 
iia, Celia, Decelia, Agelia, Helia, Cornelia, Cloelia, Aspelia, 
Cerelia, Aurelia, Velia, Anglia, Ceecilia, Sicilia, TEgilia, 
Cingilia, Palilia, Emilia, ^nilia, Venilia, Parilia, Basilia, 
Absilia, Hersilia, Massilia, Atilia, Anatilia, Petilia, Antilia, 
duintilia, Hostilia, Cutilia, Aquilia, Servilia. Elaphobolia, 
Ascolia, Padolia, iSolia, Folia, Natoiia, Anatolia, iEtolia, 
Nauplia, Daulia, Figulia, Julia, Apulia, Gsetulia, Getulia, 
Triphylia, Pamphylia. 

MIA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Deidamia,* Laodamia, Hippodamia, Astydamia, Apamia, 
Hydramia. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Lamia, Mesopotamia, Cadmia, Academia, Archidemia, 
Eudemia, Isthmia, Holmia, Posthumia. 
NIA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Amphigenia, Iphigenia,! Tritogenia, Lasthenia. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Albania, Sicania, Hyrcania, Arcania, Lucania, Dania, Co- 
dania, Dardania, Epiphania, Alania, Mania, Carmania, Ger- 
mania, Normania, Cinnania, Acarnania, Campania, Hispania, 
Pomerania, Afrania, Urania, Bassania, Actania, Edetania, 
Laletania, Occitania, Ossigitania, Mauritania, Lusitania, 
Titania, Sexitania, Alentania, Contestania, Mevania, Lith- 
uania, I'ransilvania, Azania, ^Enia, Actsenia, Aberdenia, 
Isehenia, Tyrrhenia, Parthenia, Diogenia, Menia, Acheeme- 
nia, Armenia, Nenia, Nosnia, Poenia, Cebrenia, Senia, Ar- 
nagnia, Signia, Albinia, Lacinia, Dinia, Sardinia, Fulginia, 
Virginia, Bechinia, Machlinia, Ciminia, Eleusinia, Tinia, 
Lavinia, Mervinia, Lamnia, Lycemnia, Polyhymnia, Ale- 
mannia, Britannia, Fescennia, Aonia, Lycaonia, Chaonia, 
Catalonia, Laconia, Glasconia, Adonia, Macedonia, Marce- 
slonia, Caledonia, Mygdonia, Aidonia, Asidonia, Posidonia, 
Abbendonia, Herdonia, Laudonia, Cydonia, Maeouia, Pasonia, 
Pelagonia, Paphlagonia, Aragonia, Antigonia, Sithonia, 
[onia, Agrionia, Avalonia, Aquilonia, Apollonia, Colonia, 
Polonia, Populonia, Vetulonia, Babylonia, Acmonia, ^mo- 
nia, Heemonia, Tremonia, Ammonia, Harmonia, Codanonia, 
Binonia, Pannonia, Bononia, Lamponia, Pomponia, Cronia, 
Feronia, Sophronia, Petronia, Antronia, Duronia, Turonia, 
Ceesonia, Ausonia, Latonia, Tritonia, Boltonia, Ultonia, 
Hantonia, Vintonia, Wintonia, Bistonia, Plutonia, Favonia, 
Sclavonia, Livonia, Arvonia, Saxonia, Exonia, Sicyonia, 
Narnia, Sarnia, Dorebernia, Hibernia, Cliternia, Lindisfor- 
nia, Vigornia, Wigornia, Liburnia, Calphurnia, Saturnia, 
Pornia, Daunia, Ceraunia, Acroceraunia, Junia, Clunia, Nep- 
tunia, Ercynia, Bithynia, Macrynia. 

OIA 



Latbia. 



Accent the Antepenultimate , 



PI A 



Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Apia, Salapia, Manapia, Messapia, Asclipia, Lampia, 
Olympia, Ellopia, Dolopia, CEnopia, Cecropia, Mopsopia, 
Appia, Lappia, Oppia, Luppia, Antuerpia. 



RIA 

Accent the Penultimate. 



Daria. 



Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Aria, Baria, Fabaria, Columbaria, Barbaria, Caria, Fica- 
ria, Calcaria, Sagaria, Megaria, Hungaria, Pharia, Salaria, 
Hilaria, Allaria, Mallaria, Sigillaria, Anguillaria, Samaria, | 
Palmaria, Planaria, Enaria, M8Bnaria,'Gallinaria, Asinaria, 
Carbonaria, Chaunaria, Colabraria, Agraria, Diocaesaria, 



* See Rule 30. 

t See this word in the Initial Vocalulary. 

X For the accent of this word and Alexandria^ See Rule 30, 
prefixed to the Initial Vocabulary. 

$ The s, in this termination, when preceded by a vowel, 



Pandataria, Cotaria, Nivaria, Antiquaria, Cervaria, Petua- 
ria, Argentuaria, Calabria, Cantabria, Cambria, Sicambria, 
Fimbria, Mesembria, Umbria, Cumbria, Solymbria, Abobria, 
Amagetobria, Trinacria, Teucria, Molycria, Adria, Hadria, 
Geldria, Andria, Scamandria, Anandria, Cassandria, Alexan- 
dria, ^ria, Egeria, Aeria, Faberia, Iberia, Celtiberia, Luce- 
ria, Nuceria, Egeria, yEtheria, Elutheria, Pieria, Aleria, 
Valeria, Ameria, Numeria, Neria, Casperia, Cesperia, Hes- 
peria, Hyperia, Seria, Fabrateria, Compulteria, Astoria, An- 
thesteria, Faveria, Lhoegria, Iria, Liria, Equiria, Oschoforia, 
Daphnephoria, Themophoria, Anthesphoria, Chihnoria, West - 
moria, Eupatoria, Anactoria, Victoria, Pretoria, Arria, A 
tria, Eretria, I eltria, Conventria, Bodotria, CEnotria, Cestria, 
Cicestria, Circestria, Thalestria, Istria, Austria, Industria, 
Tublustria, Uria, Calauria, Isauria, Curia, Dnna, Manduria, 
Furia, Liguria, Remuria, Etruria, Hetruria, Turia, Apatu- 
ria, Boeturia, Beturia, Asturia, Syria, Coelesyria, Coelosyrip, 
Leucosyria, Assyria. 

SIA$ 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Asia, Chadasia, Lasia, Seplasia, Amasia, Aspasia, Thera- 
sia, Agirasia, Austrasia, Anastasia, Arbsia, iEsia, Caesia, 
Msesia, ^desia, Anemesia, M-agnesia, Mcesia, Merpesia, ^ 
Ocresia, Euphratesia, Artesia, Suesia, Bisia, CaJisia, Provi 
sia, Hortensia, Chenobosia, Leucosia, Pandosia, Theodosia, 
Arachosia, Orthosia, Rosia, Thesprosia, Sosia, Lipsia, Nupsia, 
Persia, Nursia, Tolassia, Cephissia, Russia, Blandusia, Clu- 
sia, Ampelusia, Anthemusia, Acherusia, Perusia, Bysia, Sicy- 
sia, Mysia, Dionysia. 

TIA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Sabatia, Ambatia, Latia, Calatia,Galatia, Collatia, Dalma- 
tia, Sarmatia, Egnatia, Aratia, Alsatia, Actia, Ca)tia, RhsB- 
tia, Anaetia, Vicetia, Peucetia, Pometia, Anetia, Clampetia, 
Lucretia, Cyretia, Setia, Lutetia, Helvetia, Uzetia, Phiditia, 
Angitia, Androlitia, Sulpitia, Naritia, Delgovitia, Baltia, 
Bantia, Brigantia, Murgantia, Almantia, Numantia, Aperan- 
tia, Constantia, Placentia, Picentia, Lucentia, Fidentia, Di- 
gentia, Morgentia, Valentia, Pollentia, Polentia, Terentia, 
Florentia, Laurentia, Consentia, Potentia, Faventia, Conflu- 
entia, Liquentia, Druentia, Cluintia, Pontia, Acherontia, 
Alisontia, Moguntia, Scotia, BoBotia, Scaptia, Martia, Tertia, 
Sebastia, Bubastia, Adrastia, Bestia, Modestia, Segestia, 
Orestia, Charistia, Ostia, Brattia, Acutia, Minutia, Cossutia, 
Tutia, Clytia, Narytia. 

VIA 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Candavia, Blavia, Flavia, Menavia, Scandinavia, Aspavia, 
Moravia, Warsavia, Octavia, Juvavia, JEvia, Cendevia, Me- 
nevia, Suevia, Livia, Trivia, Urbesalvia, Sylvia, Moscovia 
Segovia, Gergovia, Nassovia, Cluvia. 
XIA 
' Accent the Antepenultimate 
Brijya, Cinxia. 

YIA 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Ilithyia,|| Orithyia. 

ZIA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Sabazia, Alyaia. 

ALA 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Ahala, Messala. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abala, Gabala, Castabala, Onobala, Triocala, Crccala, 
Abdala, Daedala, Bucephala, Abliala, Maenala, Astyphala, 
Avala 

CLA 
Accent either the Penultimate or Antepenultimate Syllable. 
Amicla. 

ELA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Arbela (in Persia), Acela, Adela, Suadela, Mundela, Philo- 
mela, Amstela. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Arbela (in Sicily). 

OLA 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Publicola, Anionicola, Junonicola, Neptunicola, Agricola, 
Baticola, Leucola, w^Eola, Abrostola, Scasvola. 



ought always to be sounded like zh, as if written AmazhiUy 
Aspaihia, &c. Asia, Theodosia, and Sosia, seem to be the 
only exceptions. 

II The vowels ia in these words must be pronounced dis 
tinctly in two syllables, as if written E-ith-e-i'ah. 0-rith-e- 
i'ah ,- the penultimate syllabic pronounced as the noun eye. 



982 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



VhA 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 



Abula, Trebula, Albula, Carbula, Callicula, Saticula, Adu- 
la, Acidula, ^gula, Caligula, Artigula, Longula, Ortopula, 
Merula, Casperula, Asula, iEsula, Foesula, Sceptesula, Scep- 
tensula, Insula, Vitula, Vistula. 

YLA 

Accent the Penultimate. 
[dyla, Massyla. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abyla. 

AMA EMA IMA OMA UMA YMA 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Cynossema, Aroma, Narracustoma. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Pandama, Abderama, Asama, Uxama, Acema, Obrima, Per- 
rima, Certima, Boreostoma, Decuma, Didyma, Hierosolyma, 



ANA 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Albana, Pandana, Trajana, Marciana, Diana, Sogdiana, 
Drangiana, Margiana, Aponiana, Pomponiana, Trojana, Co- 
piana, Mariana, Drusiana, Susiana, Statiana, Glottiana, Via- 
na, Alana, Orococatana, Eblana, ^lana, Amboglana, Vindo- 
lana, Q,uerculana, Q.uerquetulana, Amana, Almana, Comtana, 
Mumana, Barpana, Clarana, Adrana, Messana, Catana, Ac- 
citana, Astigitana, Zeugitana, Meduana, Malvana, Cluana, 
Novana, Equana. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abana, Fricana, Concana, Adana, Cispadana, Sagana, 
Achana, Leuphana, Hygiana, Drepana, Barpana, Ecbatana, 
Catana, Sequana Cyana, Tyana. 

ENA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Labena, Chaiacena, Medena, Fidena, Aufidena, Ageena, 
Comagena, Dolomena. Capena, Csesena, Messenaj Artena. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Phoebigena, Graphigena.^ Aciligena, Ignigena, Junonigena, 
Opigena, Nysigena, Boetigena, Trojugena, ^gosthena, Alena, 
Helena, Pellena, Porsena, Atena, Poly*e-a, Theoxena. 

INA* 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Arabina, Acina, Cloacina, Tarracina, Cluacina, Coecina, 
Ricina. Runcina, Cercina, Lucina, Erycina, Acradina, Ach- 
radina,' JEgina, Bachina, Acanthina, Messalina, Catalina, 
Fascolina, Mechlina, Tellina, Callina, Medullina, Cleobulina, 
Tutulina, Caenina, Cenina, Antoniiia, Heroina, Apina, Cisal- 
pina, Transalpina, Agrippina, Abarina, Carina, Larina, Ca- 
marina, Sabrina, Phalacrina, Acerina, Lerina, Camerina, Te- 
rina, Jamphorina, Caprina, Myrina,Casina, Felsina, Abusina, 
Elusina, Atina, Catina, Metina, Libitina, Maritina, Libenti- 
na, Adrumentina, Ferentina, Aventina, Aruntina, Potina, 
Palffistina, Mutina, Flavina, Levina. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Acina, Fascellina, Proserpina, Asina, Sarsina. 

ONA 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Abona, Uxacona, Libisocona, Usocona, Saucona, Dodona, 
Scardona, Adeona, Aufona, Salona, Bellona, Duellona, ^mo- 
na, Cremona, Artemona, Salmona, Homona, Pomona, Flano- 
na, ^nona, Hippona, Narona, Aserona, Angerona, Verona, 
Matrona,^sona, Latona, Antona, Dertona, Ortona, Cortona, 
Alvona, Axona. 



Ituna 

Aloa. 
Anchoa. 



UNA 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 

OA 

Accent the Penultimate 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 



IPA OPA UPA 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Argyripa, Europa, Catadupa. 

ARA 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Abdara. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Aoara, Acara, Imacara, Accara, Cadara, Gadara, Abdara, 
Megara, Machara, Imachara, Phalara, Cinara, Cynara, Lipa- 
ra, Lupara, Isara, Patara, Mazara. 



* EvAry word of this termination, with the accent on the 
penult»»nate syllable, has the i pronounced as the noun eye. — 
;r^ jxu>es 1, 3, and 4, prefixed to the Initial Vocabulary 



CRA DRA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Lepteacra, Charadra, Clepsydra. 

ERA 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Abdera, Andera, Cythera (the island Cerigo, near Crete; , 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Libera, Glycera, Acadera, Jadera, Abdera, Andera, Aliphe* 
ra, Cytherae (the city of Cyprus), Hiera, Cremera, Cassera 

GRA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Tanagra, Beregra. 

HRA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Libethra. 

IRA 
Accent the Penultimai* 
Daira, Thelaira, Stagira, ^gira, Deiaaira, Metanira Thy- 
atira. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Cybira. 

ORA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Pandora, Aberdora, Aurora, Vendesora, Windesora. 

Accent the Antepenultimate, 
Ebora. 

TRA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Cleopatra. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Excptra, Leucopetra, Triquetra. 

URA 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Cabura, Ebura, jEbura,Balbura, Subura, Pandora, Baniura 
Asura, Lesura, Isura, Cynosura, Lactura, Astura. 
YRA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Ancyra, Cercyra, Corcyra, Lagyra, Palmyra,! Cosyra, T^n- 
tyra. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Laphyra, Glaphyra, Philyra, Cebyra, Anticyra. 
ASA 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abasa, Banasa, Dianasa, Harpasa. 

ESA ISA OSA 

Accent the Pemiltimate. 
Ortogesa, Alesa, Halesa, Namesa, Alpesa, Berresa, Men- 
tesa, Amphisa, Elisa, Tolosa, ^rosa, Dertosa, Cortuosa. 
USA YSA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Pharmacusa, Pithecusa, Nartecusa, Phoenicusa, Celadusa, 
Padusa, Lopadasa, Medusa, Eleusa, Creusa, Lagusa, Elaphu- 
sa, Agathusa, Marathusa, ^thusa, Phoethusa, Arethusa, 
Ophiusa, Elusa, Cordilusa, Drymusa, Eranusa, Ichnusa, Col- 
pusa, Aprusa, Cissnsa, Scotusa, Dryusa, Donysa. 

ATA 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Braccata, Adadata, Rhadata, Tifata, Tiphata, Crotonio- 
nata, Alata, Amata, Acmata, Comata, Sarmata, Napata, Dem- 
arata, duadrata. Grata, Samosata, Armosata, Congavata, 
Artaxata. 



Chserestrata. 



Accent the Antepenultimate. 



ETA ITA OTA UTA 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Mta., Caieta, Moneta, Demareta, Myrteta, Herbita, Areopa ■ 
gita, Melita, Abderita, Artemita, Stagirita, Uzita, Phthiota, 
Epirota, Contributa, Cicuta, Aluta, Matuta. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Damocrita. Emerita. 

AVA EVA IVA 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Clepidava, Abragava, Calleva, Geneva, Arova, Attova, Lu 
teva, Galliva. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Batava. 

UA 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Accua, Addua, Hedua, Heggua, Armua, Capua, Februa, 
Achrua, Palatua, Fla'tua, Mantua, Agamzua 



f Palmyra. — See this wor-d in tho IniUai /■^ocabvlary. 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES 



9»3 



YA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Libya, Zerolibya, ^thya, Carya, Marsya. 
AZA EZA OZA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Abaraza, Mieza, Baragoza. 

AE 
.decent the Antepenultimate. 
Nausicae, Pasiphae. 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Maricae. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Oolubae, Vaginiacse, Carmocse, Oxydracae, Gallicae, Hieroni- 
*s8e Coricae, Ajiticae, Odrycse. 

AD^ 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
JEnea.d3iy Bacchiadas, Scipiada, Battiadae, Thestiadae. 

Accent the Penultimate. 
ProclidaB, Basilidae, Orestidse, ^budse, EbudaB. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Labdacidae, Selucidae, Adrymachidae, Branchidae, Pyrrhidae, 
Basilidae, Romulidae, Numidae, Dardanida3, Borysthenidae, 
Ausonidae, Cecropidae, Gangaridae, Marmaridae, Tyndaridae, 
Druidae. 

MM E^ F^ G^ HM 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Achaeae, Platae®, NapaBae, Allifae. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Diomedeae, Cyaneae, Cenchreae, Capreae, PlateaSj Callifae, 
LatobrigaB, Lapithae. 

IM* 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Baiffi, Graiae, Stabiae, Ciliciae, Cerciae, Besidiae, Rudiae, 
Taphiffi, Versaliae, FiceliaB, Encheliae, Claeliae, Cutiliae, Esqui- 
lia;, Exquiliae, Formiae, Volcaniae, Araniae, Armeniae, Britannias, 
Boconiae, Chelidoniae, Pioniae, Gemonia3, Xyniae, Ellopiae, Her- 
piae, CaspiaB, Cuniculariae, Canariae, Purpurariae, Chabriae, 
Feria3, Laboriae, Emporiae, CaucasiaB, Vespasiae, CorasiaB, Pra- 
siae, Ithacesiae, Gymnesiae, Etesiae, Gratiae, Venetiae, Piguntiae, 
Selinuntiae, Sestiae, Cottiae, Landaviae, Harpyiae. 

L.M MM 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Pialae, Agagamalae, Apsilae, ApenninicolaB, iEquicolaa, Apio- 
lae, Epipolae, Bolbulae, Anculae, Fulfnlae, Fesulae, Carsulae, Lat- 
ulae, Tbermopylae, Acrocomae, Achomae, Solymae. 
AN^ EN^ 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Africanae, Clodianae, Valentinianae, Marianas, Valentianae, 
Sextiana, Cumanae, Adiabena, Mycenae, Fregena, Sophena, 
Athena, Hermathena,Mitylena, Achmena, Acesemena, Clas- 
Somena, Camoena, Convena. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Faunigena, Ophiogena, Apenninigena. 

INM ONM \JNM ZOM 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Salina, Calamina, Agrippina, Carina, Taurina, Philistina, 
Cleona, Vennona, Oona, Vacuna, Androguna, Abzoa. 
IP^ UP^ 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Centuripa, Rutupa. 
AR^ ERiE UBR.E YTHR.E OR^ ATR^ ITR^ 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Adiabara, Andara, Ulubra, Bndora, Alachora, Coatra, 
Velitra. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Eleuthera, Blitera, Erythra, Pylagora. 
ASM ESM VSM 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Syracusa, Pithecusa, Pityusa. 

Accent the Antepenultimatet 
Pagasa, Acesa. 

" AT^ ET^ 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Maata, Abrincata, Lubeata, Docleata, Pheneata, Acapea- 
ta, Magata, Olciniata, Galata, Arelata, Hylata, Arnata, 
laxamata, Dalmata, Sauromata, Exomata, Abrinata, Fortu- 
nata, Orotoniata, Asampata, Cybirata, Vasata, Circeta, 
^symneta, Agapeta, Areta, Biapareta. 



* See Rule 4 of the Initial Vocabulary. 

t The termination of yce, with the accent on the preceding 
syllable, must be pronounced as two similar letters ; that is, 
as if spelt Halic-e-e, Min-e-e, &c.— See Rule 4 of the Initial 
Vecabalary. 



Accent the Antepenultimate 
Thyroageta, Massageta, Apheta, Denseleta. Coeletae, Dem- 
eta. 

IT^ OT^ UT^ YT^ 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Ascita, Abradita, Achita, Aboniteichita, Accabacotichita, 
Arsagalita, Avalita, Phaselita, BruUita, Hierapolita, Anto- 
niopolita, Adrianapolita, Metropolita, Dionysopolita, Adu- 
lita, Elamita, Bomita, Tomita, Scenita, Pionita, Agravoni- 
ta, Agonita, Sybarita, Darita, Opharita, Dassarita, Nigrita, 
Orita, Alorita, Tentyrita, Galeota, Limniota, Estiota, Aiu- 
preuta, Aluta. Troglodyta, or Troglod'yta. 

IVM 0\M \JM YM\ 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Durcabriva, Elgova, Durobrova. 

Accent the Antepenultimate 
Mortua, Halicya, Phlegya, Bithya, Ornithya, Milyse, 
Minya. 

OBE 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Deiphobe, Niobe. 

ACE ECE ICE OCE YCE 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Phoenice, Berenice, Aglaonice, Stratonice. — Sep. Rule 30. 

Accent the Antepenultimate, 

Candace, Phylace, Canace, Mirace, Artace, Allebece, Alop 

ece, Laodice, Agnodice, Eurydice, Pyrrhice, Helice, Gallice 

mice, Demodice, Sarmatice, Erectice, Getice, Cymodoce 

Agoce, Harpalyce, Eryce. 

EDE 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Agamede, Perimede, Alcimede. 

^E 

Accent the Penultimate. 

MdiQ. 

NEE AGE 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Cyanee, Lalage. 

ACHE ICHE YCHE 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Ischomache, Andromache, Canache, Doliche, Eutyche. 



Anaphe, Psamathe. 



PHE THE 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 



IE 



Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Gargaphie,J Uranie, Meminie, Asterie, Hyrie, Parrhasie 
Clytie. 

ALE ELE ILE OLE ULE YLE 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Neobule, Eubule, Cherdule, Eriphyle. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Acale, Hecale, Mycale, Megale, Omphale, ^thale, Noven 
diale, ^giale, Anchiale, Ambarvale, Myrtale, Hyale, Euryale, 
Cybele, Nephele, Alele, Semele, Perimele, Pcecile, Affile, 
CEmphile, lole, Omole, Homole, Phidyle, Strongyle, Chtho- 
nophyle, Deipyle, Eurypile. 

AME IME OME YME 

Accent the Antepenultimate. ' 
Apame, Inarime, Ithome, Amymome, CEnome, Amphinome, 
Laonome, Hylonome, Eurynome, Didyme. 

ANE 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Mandane, ^Eane, Anthane, Achriane, Anane, Drepane, Acra- 
batane, Eutane, Roxane. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Taprobane, Cyane, Pitane.. 

ENE 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Acabene, Bubacene, Damascene, Chalcidene, Cisthene 
Alcisthene, Parthi«ne, Priene, Poroselene, Pallene, Tellene, 
Cyllene, Pylene, Mitylene, Mvciene, Laonomene, Ismene, 
Dindymene, Osrhoene, Troene, Arene, Autocrene, Hippocrene, 
Pirene, Cyrene, Pyrene, Capissene, Atropatene, Corduene 
Syene. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Helene, Depamene^ Dynamene, Nyctimene, Idomene, Met 
pomene, Anadyomene, Armene 



X The i in the penultimate syllables of these words, not hav- 
ing the accent, must be pronounced like e. This occasions a 
disagreeable hiatus between this and the last syllable, and a 
repetition of the same sound ; but at the same time is strictly 
according to rule.~See RuJe 4 of the Initial Vocabulary. 



y84 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



INE 

Accent the Penultimate. ^ 
Sabine, Oarcine, Trachine, Alcanthine, Neptunine, Larine, 
Nerine, Irine, Barsine, Bolbetine. 

. Accent the Antepenultimate. 

ONE YNE 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Metbone, Ithone, Dione, Porphyrione, Acrisione, Alone, 
H alone, Corone, Torone, Tliyoae, Byzone, Delphyne. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Mycone, Erigone, Persephone, Tisiphone, Deione, Pleione, 
Chione, Ilione, He'rmionej Herione, Comnione, Mnemosyne, 
Sophrosyne, Euphrosyne. 

OE (in two syllables) 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Amphirhoe, Alcathoe , Alcithoe, Amphithoe, Nausithoe, Lao- 
thoe, Leucothoe, Cymothoe, Hippothoo, Alyxothoe, Myrioe, 
Pholoe, Soloe, Sinoe, -(Enoe, Arsinoe, Lysinoe, Antinoe, Leu- 
conoe, Theonoe, Pliilonoe, Pbaemonoe, Autonoe, Polynoe, 
Ocyroe, Beroe, Meroe, Peroe, Abzoe. 

APE OPE 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
lotape, Eiiodope, Chalciope, Candiope, ^?hiope, Calliope, 
Liriope, Cassiope, Alope, Agalope, Penelope, Parthenope, Sin- 
ope, ^rope, Merope, Dryope. 

ARE IRE ORE YRE 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Lymire. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Becare, Tamare, iEnare, Terpsichore, Zephyre, Apyre. 

ESE 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Melese, Tenese. 

ATE ETE ITE OTE YTE TYE 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Ate, Reate, Teate, Arelate, Admete, Arete, Aphrodite, Am- 
phitrite, Atabyrite, Percote, Pactye. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Hecate, Condate, Automate, Taygete, Nepete, Anaxarete, 
Hippolyte. 

AVE EVE 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Agave. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 



Nineve. 



Acholai. 
Danai. 



LAI* NAI (in two syllables) 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

BI 



Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Acibi, Abnobi, Attubi. 

ACI 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Segontiaci, Mattiaci, Amaci, ^naci, Bettovaci. 

ACI ICI OCI UCl 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Rauraci, Albici, Labici, Acedici, Palici, Marici, Medoma- 
trici, Raurici, Arevici, Triboci, Aruci. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Callaici, Vendelici, Academic!, Arecomici, Hernici, Cynici, 
Stoici, Opici, Nassici, Aduatici, Atuatici, Peripatetic!, Cotti- 
ci, Avantici, Xystici, Lavici, Triboci, Amadoci, Bibroci. 

ODI YDI 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Borgodi, Abydi. 

^I 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Sabsei, Vaccaei, and so of all words which have a diphthong 
in the penultimate syllable. 

EI (in two syllables) 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Lapidei, Candei, Agandei, Amathei, Elei, Canthlei, Euga- 
nei, CEnei, Mandarei. Hyperborei, Carastasei, Pratei. 

* For the final i in these words, see Rule the 4th of the Ini- 
tial Vocabulary. 

\ See Rules 3 and 4 of the Initial Vocabulary. 

\ When the arwent ia on the penultimate syllable, the i in 
the two last syllables is pronounced exactly like the noun eye ; 
but when the accent is on the antepenultimate, tlio first i is 



GI 

Accent the Antepenultimate 
Acridophagi, Agriophagi, Chelanophagi, Andropopnagi, Aii 
thropophagi, Lotophagi, Strutophagi, Ichthyophagi, Decem- 
pagi, Novempagi, Artigi, Alostigi. 

CHI THI 

Accent the Antepenultimate, 
Heniochi, -lEnochi, Henoch!, Ostrogothi. 

lit 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abii, Gabii, and all words of this termination. 

ALI ELI ILI OLI ULI YLI 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abali, Vandal!, Acephali, Cynocephali, Macrocephali, Al- 
tai!, Alontcgeceli, Garoceli, Monosceli, Igilgili, iEquicoli, Car- 
seoli, Puteoli, Corioli, Ozoli, Atabuli, Graeculi, Pediculi, Sicu- 
li, Puticul!, Anculi, Barduli, Varduli, Turduli, Foruli, Gsetuli 
Bastuli, Rutuli, Massesyli, Dactyl!. 

AMI EMI 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Apisami, Charidemi. 

OMI UMI 

Accent the Antepenultimate 
Cephalotomi, Astomi, Medioxumi. 

AN I 

Accent the P^ultimate. 
Albaui, Cerbani, ^cani, Sicani, Tusicani, &c.,. and all 
words of this tf-.rmination, except Choani and Sequani, or such 
as are derived from words terminating in anus, with the pe- 
nultimate short ; which see. 

ENI 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Agabeni, Adiabeni, Sarceni, Icenj; Laodiceni, Cyziceni, 
Uceni, Chaldeni, Aoydeni, Comageni, Igeni, Quingeni, Ce- 
pheni, Tyrrheni, Rutheni, Labienl, Allien!, Cileni, Cicimeni, 
Alapeni, Hypopeni, Tibareni, Agareni, Rufreni, Caraseni, Vol- 
seni, Bateni, Cordueni. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Origeni, Apartheni, Antixeni, 

INIJ 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Gabini, Sabini, Dulgibini, Basterbini, Peucini, Marrucini, 
Lactucini, Otadini, Bidini, Udin!, Caudin!, Budini, Rhegini, 
Triocalini, Tr!umpil!ni, Magellini, Entellini, Canini, Mena- 
nini, Anagnini, Amiternini, Salurnini, Centuripini, Paropini, 
Irpini, Hirpini, Tibarini, Carini, Cetarini, Citarini, Illiberini, 
Acherini, Elorini, Assorini, Feltrini, Sutrini, Eburini, Tiguri- 
ni, Cacyrini, Agyrini, Halesini, Otesini, Mosini, Abissini, Mos- 
sini, Clusini, Arusini, Reatini, Latini, Calatini, Collatini, Ca- 
lactini, Ectini, ^getini, Ergetini, Jetini, Aletini, Spoletini, 
Netini, Neretini, Sethii, Bantini, Murgantini, Pallantini, 
Amantini, Numantini, Fidentini, Salentini, Colentini, Ca- 
rentini, Verentini, Florentini, Consentini, Potentini, Faventini, 
Leontini, Acherontini, Saguntini, Haluntini, ^gyptini, Mam- 
ertini, Tricastini, Vestini, Faustini, Abrettini, Enguini, In- 
guini, Lanuvini. 

Accent the Antepemiltimate. 

Lactucini, Gemini, Memini, Morini,^ Torrini. 

ONI UNI YNI 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Edoni, Aloni, Nemaloni, Geloni, Aqueloni, Abroni, Gordu- 
ni, Mariandyni, Magyni, Mogyni. 

Accent the Antepenultimate 
Epigoni, Theutoni. 



Catadupi. 



UPI 

Accent the Penultimate. 



ARI ERI IRI ORI URI YRI 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Babari, Chomari, Agactari, Iberi, Celtiberi, Doberi, Algeri, 
Palemeri, Monomeri, Hermanduri, Dioscuri, Banceri, PaBsuri, 
Agacturi, Zimyri. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abari, Tochari, Acestari, Cavari, Calabri, Cantabri, Dige- 
ri, Drugeri, Eleutheri, Crustumeri, Teneteri, Brueteri, Suel- 
teri, Treveri, Veragri, Treviri, Ephori, Pastophori. 

pronounced like e, and the last like eye. — See Rules d and 4 of 
the Initial Vocabulary. 
$ " Extremique hominum Morini, Rhenusque bicornis." 
ViRG. JEn. vii. 727 
" The Danes, unconquer'd offspring, march behind. 
And Morini, the last of liuman kind " — Drtdejt 



GREEK AND LATZN PROPER NAMES. 



USI YSl 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Hormandusi, Condrusi, Nerusi, Megabysi. 

ATI ETI OTI UTI 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Abodati, Capellati, Ceroti, Thesproti, Carnuti. 

Accent the Antepenultimate, 
Athanati, Heneti, Veneti. 

AVI EVI IVI AXI UZI 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Andecavi, Chamavi, Batavi, Pictavi, Suevi, Argivi, Achivi, 
Coraxi, Abruzi. 

UI 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abascui, j^dui, Hedui, Vermandui, Bipedimui, Inai, Cas- 
tTuminui, Essui, Abrincatui. * 

IBAL UBAL NAL, aUIL 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Pomona! . 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Annibal, Hannibal, Asdrubal, Hasdrubal, Tanaquil 

AM IM UM 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Adulam, iEgipam, Aduram, Gerabam. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abarim. 

UBUM ACUM ICUM OCUM 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Cornacum, Tornacum, Baracum, Camericum, Labicum, 
Avaricum, Antricum, Trivicum, Nordovicum, Longovicum, 
Verovicum, Noivicum, Brundivicum. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Caecubum, Abodiacum, Toipiacum, Bedriacum, Gessoria- 
cum, Magontiacum, Mattiacum, Argentomacum, Olenacum, 
Arenacum, Bremetonacuni, Eboracum, Eburacum, Lampsa- 
cum, Nemetacum, Bellovacum, Agedicum, Agendicum, Gly- 
conicum, Canopicum, Noricum, Massicum, Adriaticum, Sa- 
benneticum, Balticum, Aventicum, Mareoticum, Agelocum. 

EDUM IDUM 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Manduessedum, Algidum . 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Liljbaeum, Lycaeum, and all words of tbis termination. 

EUM 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Syllaceum, Lyceum, Sygeum, Amatheum, Glytheum, Didy- 
meum, Prytanemn, Palanteum. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Herculeum, Heracleum, Rataneum, Corineum, Aquineura, 
Dictynneum, Panticapeum, Rhoeteum. 

AGUM IGUM OGUM 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
NivomagmTi, Noviomagum, Adrobigum, Dariorigum, Allob- 
rogum. 

lUM 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Albium, Eugubium, Abrucium, and all words of this ter- 
mination. 

ALUM ELUM ILUM OLUM ULUM 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Anchialum, Acelum, Ocelum, Corbilum, Clusiolum, Oracu- 
Inm, Janiculum, Corniculum, Hetriculum, Uttriculum, Ascu- 
lum, Tusculum, Angulum, Cingalum, Apulam, Trossulum, 
Batulum. 

MUM 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Amstelodamum, Novocomum, Cadomum, Amstelrodamura. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Lygdamum, Cisamum, Boiemum, Antrimum, Auximurn, 
Bergomum, Mentonomum. 

ANUM 
Accent the Pemiltimate. 
Albanum, Halicanum, Arcanum, ^anum, Teanum, Trifa- 
num, Stabeanum, Ambianum, Pompeianum, Tullianum, For- 
niianum, Cosmianum, Boianum, Appianum, Bovianum, Me- 
lUolanum, Amanum, Aquisgranum, Trigisanum, Nnditanum, 
Usalitanum, Ucalitanum, Acoletanum, Acharitanum, Abziri- 
tanum, Argentanum, Hortanura, Anxanum. 

Accent the Antepenultimate 
Apuscidanom, Hebromprum, Itanum. 



ENUM 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Picenum, Calenum, Durolenum, Misenam, Volsenum, Dar- 



Olenum. 



Accent the Antepenultimate. 



INUM 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Urbinum, Sidicinum, Ticinum, Pucinum,Tridinum, Londi- 
num, Aginuni, Cusilinum, Crustuminum, Apenninum, Sepi- 
num, Arpinum, Aruspinum, Sarinum, Lucrinum, Ocrinum, 
Camerinum, Laborinum, Petrinnra, Taurinum, Casinum, Ne- 
mosinum, Cassinum, Atinuin, Butinum, Ambiatinnm, Peti- 
num, Altinum, Salentinum, Tollentinum, Ferentinnm, Lau- 
rentinum, Abrotinum, Inguinum, Aquinum, Nequinum , 

ONUM 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Cabillonum, Gaiianonum, Duronum, Cataractonura 

Accent the Antepenultimate 
Ciconum, Vindonum, Britonum. 

UNUM YNUM 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Segedunum, Lugdunum, Marigdunum, Moridunum, Arcai- 
dunum, Rigodunum,Sorbiodunum,Noviodunum, Melodunum, 
Camelodunum, Axelodunum, l^xaltodnnum, Brannodunnm, 
Carodunum, Caesarodunum, Tarodunum, Theodorodunum, 
Eburodunum, Nernantodunum, Be!unum, Antema^nnum, 
Andomatunum, Maryandynum. 

OUM OPUM YPUM 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Myrtb'um, Europum, 

Accent the Antepenultimate 
Pausilypum. 

ARUM 

Accent the Penultimate 
Agarum, Belgaruro., Nympharum, Convcnarum, Rosaram 
Adulitarum, Celtarum. 

ABRUM UBRUM 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Velabrum, Vernodubrum. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Artabrum. 

ERUM 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Caucoliberum, Tuberum. 

AFRUM ATHRUM 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Venafrum. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Barathrum. 

IRUM 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Muzirum. 

ORUM 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Cermorum, Ducrocortorum. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 



Dorostorum. 



ETRUM 



Accent either the Penultimate or Antepenultimate. 
Celetrum. 

URUM 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Alaburum, Ascurum, Lugdurum, Marcodurum, Lactodu- 
rum, Octodurum, Divojurum, Silurum, Saturuna 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Tigurum. 

ISUM OSUM 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Alisum, Amisum, Janosum. 

ATUM ETUM ITUM OTUM UTUM 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Atrebatum, Calatum, Argentoratum, Mulristratum, Eloce- 
tum, Cluercetum, Caletum, Spoletum, Vallisoletum, Toletum, 
Ulmotum, Adrumetura, Tunetum, Eretum, Accitum, Duro- 
litum, Corstopitum, Abritum, Neritura, Augustoritum, Nau- 
crotitam, Complutum. 



Sabbatum. 



Accent the Antepenultimate. 



GREEK AND LATJJ PROPER NAMES. 



AVUM IVUM YUM 

Jlecent the Penultimate. 
Gandaviun, Symbrivum. 

Jlecent the AntepenultiinMe. 
Coccyum, Engyum. 

mN AON ICON 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Helicaon, Lycaon, Machaon, Dolichaon, Amithaon, Didy- 
maon, Hyperaon, Hicetaon. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Salamin, Rubicon, Helicon. 

ADON EDON IDON ODON YDON 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Calcedon, Chalcedon, Carchedon, Anthedon, Aspledon, Sar- 
pedon, Thermodon, Abydon. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Celadoa, Alcimedon, Amphimedon, Laomedon, Hippome- 
don, Oromedon, Antomedon, Armedon, Eurymedon, Calydon, 
Amy don, Cory don. 

EON EGON 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Pantheon, Deileon, Achilleon, Aristocreon. 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Aieon, Pitholeon, Demoleon, Timoleon, Anacreon, Timo- 
creon, Ucalegon. 

APHON EPHON IPHOxV OPHON 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Agalaphon, CheBrephon, Ctesiphon, Antiphon, Colophon, 
Demophon, Xenophon. 

THON 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Agathon, Acroathon, Marathon, Phaeton, Phlegethon, Py- 
riphlegithon, Arethon, Acrithon. 

ION 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Pandion, Sandion, Echion, Alphion, Amphion, Ophion, Me- 
thion, Arion, Oarion, ^rion, Hyperion, Orion, Asion, Metion, 
Axion, Ixion. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Albion, Phocion, Cephaledion, Mgion, Brigion, Brygion, 
Adobogion, Moschion, Emathion, Amethion, Anthion, Ero- 
thion, P3^hion, Deucalion, Daedalion, Sigalion, Calathion, 
Ethalion, Eruthalion, Pigmalion, Pygmalion, Cemelion, Pe- 
lion, Ptelion, Ilion, Brj^llion, Cromion, Endymion, Milanion, 
Athenion, Boion, Apion, Dropion, Appion, Noscopion, Asa- 
lelarion, Acrion, Chimerion, Hyperion, Asterion, Dorion, Eu- 
phorion, Porphyrion, Thyrion, Jasion, ^sion, Hippocration, 
Stration, Action, ^Etion, Metion, ^antion, Pallantion, Dotion, 
Theodotion, Erotion, Sotion, Nephcstion, Philistion, Polytion, 
Ornytion, Eurytion, Dionizion. 

LON MON OON PON RON PHRON 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Philemon, Criumetopon, Caberon, Dioscoron, Cacipron. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Ascalon, Abylon, Babylon, Telamon, Ademon, ^gemon, 
Polemon, Ardemon, Hieromnemon, Artemon, Abarimon, Orom- 
enon, Alcamenon, Tauromenon, Deicbon, Democbon, Laoc- 
bon, Hippocbon, Demoplibon, Hippothoon, Acaron, Accaron, 
Paparon, Acheron, Apteron, Daiptoron, Chersephron, Alci- 
phron, Lycophron, Euthyphron. 

SON TON YON ZON 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Theogiton, Aristogiton, Polygiton, Deltoton. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Themison, Abaton, Aciton, Aduliton, Sicyon, Cercyon, 
^gyon,Cremrayon,Cromyon, Geryon, Alcetryon, Amphitryon, 
Amphictyon, Acazon, Amazon, Oiizon, Amyzon. 

ABO AGO ICO EDO IDO 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Lampedo, Cupido. 

Accent the Antepenultijnate. 
Arabo, Tarraco, Stilico, Macedo. 

BEO LEO TEO 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Labeo, Aculeo, Buteo. 

AGO IGO UGO 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Carthago, Origo, Verrugo. 

PHO THO 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Clitipho, Agatho. 

BIO CIO DIO GIO LIO JHO NIO RIO SIO TIO VIO XIO 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
^rabio, Corbio, Navilubio, Seoecio, Dion:cdio, Rcgio, 



Phrygio, Bambalio, Ballio, Caballio, Ansollio, Pollio, Sirmic^ 
Formio, Phormio, Anio, Parmenio, Avenio, Glabrio, Acrio, 
Curio, Syllatuiio, Vario, Occasio, Aurasio, Secusio, Verclueio, 
Natio, Ultio, Derventio, Versontio, Divio, Oblivio, Pctovio, 
Alexio. 

CLO ILO ULO UMO 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Chariclo, Corbilo, Corbulo, ^puld, Baetulo, Castulo, Anu< 
mo, Lucumo. 

ANO ENO INO 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Theano, Adramitteno. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Barcino, Ruscino, Fruscino. 

APO IPO 

.decent the Antepenultimate. 
Sisapo, Olyssipo. 

ARO ERO 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Vadavoro. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Bessaro, Civaro, Tubero, Cicero, Hiero, Acimero, CoBsero* 

ASO ISO 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Carcaso, Agaso, Turiaso, Aliso, Natiso. 

ATO ETO ITO YO XO 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Enyo, Polyxo. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Erato, Derceto, Siccilissito, Capito, Amphitryo. 

BER FER GER TER VER 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Meleager, Elaver. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Calaber, Mulciber, Noctifer, Tanager, Antipater, Marspa- 
ter, Diespiter, Marspiter, Jupiter. 

AOR NOR POR TOR ZOR 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Chrysaor, Alcanor, Bianor, Euphranor, Alcenor, Agenor, 
Agapaenor, Elpenor, Rhetenor, Antenor, Anaxenor, Vindemia- 
tor, Rhobetor, Aphetor. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Marsipor, Lucipor, Numitor, Albumazor, or Albumazar. 

BAS DAS EAS GAS PHAS 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Alebas, Augeas (king of Elis), Jineas, Oreas, Symplegas. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Dotadas, Cercidas, Lucidas, Timaichidas, Charmidas, Alci- 
damidas, Leonidas, Aristonidas, Mnasippidas, Pelopidas, The- 
aridas, Diagoridas, Diphoridas, Antipatridas, Abantidas, 
Suidas, Crauxidas, Ardeas, Augeas (the poet), Eleas, Cineas^, 
Cyneas, Boreas, Broteas, Acraphas, Periphas, Acyphas, 
Acragas. 

IAS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Ophjas. 

Accent the Antepenultimate 
Caecias, Nicias, Cephalaedias, Phidias, Herodias, Cyaias, 
Epliyreas, Minyeias, Pelasgias, Antibacchias, Acrolochias, 
Archias, Adarchias, Arcathias, Agathias, Pythias, Pleias, Pe- 
lias, Ilias, Damias, Soemias, Arsanias, Pausanias, Olympias, 
Appias, Agrippias, Chabrias, Tiberias, Terias, Lycorias, Pe- 
lorias, Demetrias, Dioscurias, Agasias, Phasias, Acesias, 
Agesias, Hegesias, Tiresias, Ctesias, Cephisias, Pausias, Pru- 
sias, Lysias, Tysias, iEetias, Bitias, Critias, Abantias, Tho- 
antias, Phaethontias, Phaestias, Thestias, Phoestias, Sestias, 
Livias, Artaxias, Loxias. 

• LAS MAS NAS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Acilas, Adulas, Maecenas, Mcecenas (or, as Labbe says it 
ought to be written, Mecoenas), Fidenas, Arpinas, Larinas, 
Atinas, Adunas 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Amiclas, Amyclas, AgeJas, Apilas, Arcesilas, Acylas, Dory- 
Jas, Asylas, Acamas, Alcidamas, Iphidamas, Chersidamas, 
Praxidamas, Theodamas, Cleodamas, Therodamas, Thyoda- 
mas, Astydamas, Athamas, Garamas, Dicomas, Sarsinas, Sas- 
sinas, Pitinas. 

OAS PAS RAS SAS TAS XAS YAS 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Bagoas, Canopas, Abradaras, Zonaras (as Labbe contends 

it ought to be), Epitheras, Abradatas, Jetas, Philetas, Damos- 

tas, Acritas, Eurotas, Abraxas 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Teleboas, Chrysorrhoas, Agriopas, Triopas, Zonaras, Gya 

ras, Chrysoceras, Mazeras, Chaboras,Orthagoras, Pythagoras, 

Diagoras, Pylagoras, Demagoras, Timagoras, llcrmagoras, 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



987 



Athenagoras, Xenagoras, Hippagoras, Stesagoras, Tisagoras, 
Telestagoras, Protagoras, Evagoras, Anaxagoras, Praxagoras, 
liigoras, Athyras, Thamyras, Cinyras, Atyras, Apesas, Pie- 
tas, Felicitas, Liberalitas, Lentulitas, Agnitas, Opportunitas, 
Claritas, Veritas, Faustitas, Civitas, Archytas, Phlegyas, 
Milyas, Marsyas. 

BES 
■Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Chalybes, Armenochalybes. 

, CES 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Arbaces, Pharnaces, Samothraces, Arsaces, Phoenices, Liby- 
phoenices, Olympionices, Plistonices, Polynices, Ordovices, Le- 
movices, Eburovices. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Axiaces, Astaces, Derbices, Ardices, Eleutherocilices, Cap- 
padoces, Eudoces, Bebryces, Mazyces. 

ADES 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Icades, Olcades, Arcades, Orcades, Carneades, Gorgades, 
Stofichades, Lichades, Strophades, Laiades, Naiades, Alcibia- 
des, Pleiades, Branchiades,De]iades, Heliades, Peliades, Oilia- 
des, Naupliades, Juliades, Memmiades, Cleniades, Xeniades, 
Hunniades, Heliconiades, Acrisioniades, Telamoniades, Limo- 
niades, Acheloiades, Asclepiades, Asopiades, Crotopiades, 
Appiades, Thespiades, Thariades, Otriades, Cyriades, Scyria- 
des, Anchisiades, Dosiades, Lysiades, Nysiades, Dionysiades, 
Mencetiades, Miltiades, Abantiades, Dryantiades, Atlantiades, 
Laomedontiades, Phaetontiades, Laertiades, Heplisestiades, 
Thestiades, Battiades, Cyclades, Pylades,Demados,Nomades, 
Maenades, Echinades, Cispades,Ch(Erades, Sporades, Perisades, 
Hippotades, Sotades, Hyades, Thyades, Dryades, Hamadrya- 
des, Othryades. 

EDES 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Democedes, Agamedes, PaUiraedes, Archimedes, Nicomedes, 
Diomedes, Lycomedes, Cleomedes, Ganymedes, Thrasymedes. 

IDES 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Alcides, Lyncides, Tydides, ^gides, Promethides, Nicarthi- 
des, Heraclides, Teleclides, Epiclides, Anticlides, Androcli- 
des, Meneclides, CEclides, Cteseclides, Xenoclides, Chariclides, 
PatrocUdes, Aristoclides, Euclides, Euryclides, Belides (singu- 
lar), Basilides, Nelides, Pelides, ^schylides, iEnides, Anti- 
genides, CEnides, Lychnides, Amanoides, Japeronides, Lari- 
des, Abderides, Atrides, Thesides, Aristides. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Epichaides, Danaides, Lesbides, Labdacides, ^acides,Hyla- 
cides, Phylacides, Pharacides, Imbracides, Myrmecides, Phce- 
nicides, Antalcidos, Lyncides, Andccides, Ampycides, Thucy- 
dides, Lelegeides, Tyrrheides, Pimpleides, Clymeneides, Mi- 
neides, Scyreides, Minyeides, Lagides, Harpagides, Lycur- 
gides, Ogygides, Inachides, Lysimachides, Agatharchides, Ti- 
marchides, Leulychides, Ijeontychides, Leotychides, Sisyphi- 
des, Erectbides, Promethides, Crethidcs, Scythides, CEbalides, 
^thalides, Tantalides, Castalides, Mystalides, Phytalides, Te- 
leclides, Meneclides, CEclides, Ctesiclides, Androclides, Eu- 
clides, Euryclides, Belides (plural), Sicelides, Epimelides, 
Cypselides, Anaxilides, bolides, Eubulides, Phocylides, Priam- 
ides, Potamides, Cnemides, ^simides, Tolmides, Charmides, 
Dardanides, Oceanides, Amanides, Titanides, Olenides, Achse- 
menides, Achimenides, Epimenides, Parmenides, Ismenides, 
Eumenides, Sithnides, Apollinides, Prumnides, Aonides, Do- 
donides, Mygdalonidos, Calydonides, Mceonides, CEdipodioni- 
des, Deionides, Chionides, Echionides, Spercbionides,Ophioni- 
des, Japetionides, Ixionides, Mimallonides, Philonides, Apollon- 
ides, Acmonides, iEmonides, Polypemonides, Simonides, Har- 
monides, Memnonides, Cronides, Myronides, ^Esonides, Aris- 
tonides, Praxonides, Liburnides, Suuides, Telebbides, Panthbi- 
des, Achelbides, Pronopides, Lapides, Callipides, Euripides, 
Driopides, CEnopides, Cecropides, Leucippides, Philippides, Ar- 
gyraspides, Clearides, Teenarides, Hebrides, Timandrides, An- 
axandrides, Epicerides, Pierides, Hesperides, Hyperides, Gassi- 
terides, Anterides, Peristerides, Libethrides, liioscorides, Pro- 
togorides, Methorides, Antenorides, Actorides, Diactorides, 
Polyctorides, Hegetorides, Onetorides, Antorides, Acestorides, 
Thestorides, Aristorides, Electrides, CEnotrides, Smindyrides, 
Philyrides, Pegasides, lasides, Imbrasides, Clesides, Dionysi- 
des, Cratides, Propoetides, Proetides, Ocoanitides, ^antides, 
Dryantides, Dracontides, Absyrtides, Acestides, Orestides, 
Epy tides. 

ODES UDES YDES. 
Accent the Penultimate. 

iEgilodos, Acmodes, Nebrodes, Herodes, Orodes, HsBbades, 
Harudes, Lacydes, Pherecydes, Androcydes. 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Sciapodes, OEdipodes, Antipodes, Hippopodes, Himantopo- 
dcs, Pyrodes, Epicydes. 



* A.11 the words of this termination have the accent on 
the antepenultimate. — See Eumenes in the Initial Vocabula- 
ry 



AGES EGES IGES OGES YGSS 

Accent the Antepenultim,ate. 
_ Theages, Tectosages, Astyages, Leleges, Nitiobriges, Durot- 
riges, Caturiges, Allobroges, Antobroges, Ogyges, Cataphrv 
ges, Sazyges. 

ATHES ETHES YTHES lES 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Ariarathes, Alethes. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Onythes, Aries. 

ALES 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Novendiales, Geniales, Compitales, Arvales. 

p . Accent the Antepenultimate. 

ACLES ICLES OGLES 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Daicles, Mnasicles, Iphicles, Zanthicles, Charicles, Pheri 
cles, Pericles, Agasicles, Pasicles, Phrasicles, Ctesicles, Sosi- 
cles, Nausicles, Xanticles, Niocles, Empedocles, Theocles, 
Neocles, Eteocles, Sophocles, Pythocles, Diodes, Philocles. 
Damocles, Democles, Phanocles, Xenocles, Hierocles, Andro- 
cles, Mandrocles, Patrocles, Metrocles, Lamprocles, Cephiso- 
cles, Nestocles, Themistocles. 

ELES ILES OLES ULES 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Ararauceles, Hedymeles, Pasiteles, Praxiteles, Pyrgoteles, 

Demoteles, Aristoteles, Gundiles, Absiles, Novensiles, Pisat- 

iles, Taxiles, ^oles, Autololes, Abdimonoles, Rercules. 

AMES OJNIES 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Priames, Datames, Abrocomes. 

ANES 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Jordanes, Athamanes, Alamanes. Brachmanes, Acarnanes, 
^gipanes, Tigranes, Actisanes, Tii^nes, Ariobarzanes. 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Diaphanes, Epiphanes, Periphanes, Praxiphanes, Dexi- 
phanes, Lexiphanes, Antiphanes, Nicophanes, Theophanes, 
Diophanes, Apollophanes, Xenophanes, Aristophanes, Agria- 
nes, Pharasmanes, Prytanes. 

ENES* 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Timagenes, Metagenes, Sosigenes, Epigenes, Melesigenes, 
Antigenes, Theogenes, Diogenes, Oblogenes, Hermogenes, 
Rhetogenes, Themistogenes, Zanthenes, Agasthenes, Lasthe- 
nes, Clisthenes, Callisthenes, Peristhenes, Cratisthenes, An- 
tisthenes, Barbosthenes, Leosthenes, Demosthenes, Dinosthe- 
nes, Androsthenes, Posthenes, Eratosthenes, Borysthenes, Al- 
camenes, Theramenes, Tisamenes, Deditamenes, Spitamenes, 
Pylemenes, Althemenes, Achsemenes, Philopoemenes, Daimenes, 
Nausimenes, JNumenes, Antimenes, Anaximenes, Cleomenes, 
Hippomenes, Heromenes, Ariotomenes, Eumenes, Eumenes, 
Polymenes, Geryenes. 

INES 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Telchines, Acesines. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Aborigines, iEschines,t Asines. 

ONES 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Calucones, Agones, Antechthones, Jones, Helleviones, Vo- 
lones, Nesimones, Verones, Centrones, Eburones, Grioones, 
Auticatones, Statones, Vectones, Vetones, Acitavones, Ing® 
vones, IstBBvones, Axones, ^xones, Halizones. 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Lycaones, Chaones, Frisiabones, Cicones, Vernicones, Fran- 
cones, Vascones, Mysomacedones, Rhedones, Essedones, Myr- 
midones, Pocones, Paphlagones, Aspagones, Lsestrigones 
Lingones, Lestrygones, Vangiones, Nuithones, Sithones, Bali- 
ones, Hermiones, Biggeriones, Meriones, Suiones, Mimallomis, 
Senones, Memnones, Pannones, Ambrones, Suessones, An- 
sones, Pictones, Teutones, Amazones. 
OES 

Accent the Penultimate 
Heroes. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Chorsoes, Chosroes. 

APES OPES 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Cynapes, Cecropes, Cyclopes. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Panticapes, Crassopes, Esubopes, -iEthiopes, Hellopes, Dol- 
opes, Panopes, Steropes, Dryopes. 



t Labbe says, that a certain anthologist, forced by the neces- 
sity of his verse, has pronounced this word with the accent on 
the penultimate. 



988 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



ARES ERES IRES ORES URES 

Accent the Penultimate, 
Cabares, Balearus, Apollinares, Saltuares, Ableres, By- 
aeresj Bechires, Diores, Azores, Silures. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Leochares, ^mocbares, Demochares, Abisares, Cavares, 
Insures, Luceres, Pieres, Astabores, Musagores, Centores, 
Limures. 

ISES 

, . Accent the Penultimate. 

Ancbises 

ENSES 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Ucubenses Leonicenses, and all words of this termination. 

OCES YSES 

„ , Accent the Penultimate. 

Cambyses. 

ATES 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Phraates, Atrebates, Cornacates, Ceracates, Adunicates, 
Nisioates, Barsabocates, Leucates, Teridates, Mithridates, 
Attidates, Osquidates, Oxydates, Ardeates, Eleates, Bercorea- 
tes, Caninefates, Casicenufates, Agates. Achates, Niphates, 
Deciates, Attaliates, Mevaniates, Cariates, Q,uariatcs, Asser- 
iates, Euburiates, Antiates, Spartiates, Celelates, Hispellates, 
Stellates, Suillates, Albulates, Focimates, Auximates, Fla- 
nates, Edenates, Fidenates, Saffenates, Fregenates, Capenates, 
Senates, Ccesenates, Misenates, Padinates, Fulginates, Meri- 
nates, Alatrinates, -^sinates, Agesinates, Asisinates, Sassi- 
nates, Sessinates, Frusinates, Antinates, Altinates, Tollenti- 
nates, Ferentinates, Interamnates, Chelonates, Casmonates, 
Arnates, Tifernates, Infernates, Privernates, Oroates, Euphra- 
tes, Orates, Vasates, Cocosates, Tolosates, Antuates, Nantua- 
tes, Sadyates, Caryates. 

Accent the Antepemdtimate, 

Spithobates, Eurybates, Antiphates, Trebiates, Zaiates, Sau- 
romates, Attinates, Tornates, Hypates, Menecrates*, Phe- 
recrates, Iphicrates, Callicrates, Epicrates, Pasicrates, Siasic- 
rates, Sosicrates, Hypsicrates, Nicocrates, Halocrates, Da- 
mocrates, Democrates, Cheremocrates, Timocrates, Hermocra- 
tes, Stenocrates, Xenocrates, Hippocrates, Harpocrates, Soc- 
rates, Isocrates, Cephisocrates, Naucrates, Eucrates, Euthyc- 
rates, Polycrateg 

ETES ITES OTES UTES YTES YES ZES. 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Acetes, Ericetes, Cadetes, yEetes, Mocragetes, Caletes, Phi- 
locletes, ^gletes, Nemetes,Comete3, Ulmanetes, Consuanetes, 
Gymnetes, 5ilsymnetes, Nannetes, Serretes, Curetes, Theatetes, 
Andizetes, Od'ites, Belgites, Margites, Memphites, Ancalites, 
Ambialites, Avalites, Cariosuelites, Polites, Apollopolites, 
Hermopolites, Latopolites, Abulites, Stylites, Borysthenites, 
Temenites, Syenites, Carcinites, Samnites, Deiopites, Garites, 
Centrites, Thersites, Narcissites, Asphaltites, Hydraotes, 
Heracleotes, Boeotes, Helotes, Bootes, Thdotes, Anagnutes, 
Arimazes. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Dercetes, Massagetes, Jndigetes, Ilergetes, Euergetcs, Au- 
chetes, Eusipetes, Abalites, Charites, Cerites, Praestites, An- 
dramytes, Dariaves, Ardyes, Machlyes, Blemmyea. 

AIS 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Achais, Archelais, Homolais, Ptolemais, Elymais. 

Accent the Antepenultimate, 
Thebais, Phocais, Aglais, Tanais, Cratais. 

BIS CIS DIS 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Berenicis, Cephaledis, Lycomedis. 

Accent the Antepenultimate, 
Acabis, Carabis, Setabis, Nisibis, Cleobis, Tucrobis, Tiso- 
bis, Ucubis, Curubis, Salniacis, Acinacis, Brovonacis, Athra- 
cis, Agnicis, Carambucis, Cadmeidis. 

ElSf ETHIS ATHIS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Medeis, Spercheis, Pittheis, Crytheis, Nepheleis, Eleleis, 
Acbilleis, Pimpleis, Cadmeis, ^neis, Schoeneis, Peneis, Acri- 
soneis, Triopeis,, Patereis, Nereis, Cenchreis, Theseis, Briseis, 
Perseis, Messeis, Chryseis, Nycteis, Sebethis, Epimethis. 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Thymiathis. 

ALIS ELIS ILIS OLIS ULIS YLIS 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Andabalis, Cercalis, Regalisj Stymphalis, Dialis, Latialis, 

* All words ending in crates have the accent on the antepe- 
nultimate syllable. 

t The=!e vowels form distinct syllables. — See the termination 
ElUt?. 



Septimontialis, Martialis, Manalis, Juvenalis, Quirinalis, Fon- 
tinaiis, Junonalis, Avernalis, Vacunalis, Abrupalis, Floralis^ 
Q,uietalis, Eumelis, Phaselis, Eupilis, Ouinctilis, Adulis 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
CEbalis, Hannibalis, Acacalis, Fornicalis, Androcalis, Lu- 
peicalis, Vahalis, Ischalis, Caralis, Tbessalis, Italis, Facelis, 
Sicelis, Fascelis, Vindelis, Nephelis, Bibilis, Incibilis, Leucre- 
tilis, Myrtilis, ludivilis, ^eolis, Argolis, Cimolis, Decapolis, 
Neapolis (and all words ending in polis), Herculis, Thestylis. 

AMIS EMIS 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Calamis, Salamis, Semiramis, Thyamis, Artemis. 

ANIS ENIS lOTS ONIS YOTS 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Mandanis, Titanis, Bacenis, Mj'cenis, Philenis, Cyllenis, 
Isroenis, Cebrenis, Adonis, Edonis, Adonis, Thedonis, Sido- 
his, Dodonis, Calydonis, Agonis, Alingonis, Colonis, Corbu- 
lonis, Cremonis, S'almonis, Junonis, Ciceronis, Scironis, Coro- 
nis, Phoronis, Turonis (in Germany,) Tritonis, Phorcynis 
Gortynis. 

Accent the Antepenultimate, 

Sicanis, Anticanis, Andanis, Hypanis, Taranis, Prytanis, 

Poemanis, Eumenis, Lycaonis, Asconis, Maeonis, Paeonis, 

Sithonis, Memnonis, Pannonis, Turonis (in France), Bitonis, 

Geryonis. 

OISJ 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Minbis, Herbis, Latbis. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Symbis, Pyrbis. 

APIS OPIS 

Accent the Penultimate. 
lapis, Colapis, Serapis$, Isapis, Asopis. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Acapis, Minapis, Cecropis, Meropis. 

ARIS ACRIS ATRIS ERIS IGRIS IRIS ITRIS ORIS 
URIS YRIS 

Accent the Penultimate, 

Baicaris, Apollinaris, Nonacris, Cimmeris, Aciris, Osiris^ 
Petosiris, Busiris, Lycoris, Calaguris, Gracchuris, Hippuris. 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Abaris, Fabaris, Svbaris, Icaris, Andaris, Tyndaris, Sagaris, 
Angaris, Pbalaris, lllaris, Caularis, T8enaris,"Liparis, Araris, 
Biasaris, Caesaris, Abisaris, Achisaris, Bassaris, Melaris, Au- 
taris, Trinacris, Illiberis, Tiberis, Zioberis, Tyberis, Nepheris, 
Cytheris, Pieris, Trieris, Auseris, Pasitigris, Coboris, Sicoris, 
Neoris, Peloris, Antipatris, Absitris, Pacyris, Ogyris, Porphy- 
ris, Amyris, Thamyris, Thomyris, Tomyris. 

ASIS ESIS ISIS 
Accent the Penultimate, 
Amasis, Magnesis, Tnesis. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Bubasis, Pegasis, Parrhasis, Paniasis, Acamasis, Engonasis, 
Grajcostasis, Lachesis, Athesis, Thamesis, Nemesis, Tibisis 

ENSIS 

Accent the Penultimate, 

Genubensis, Cordubensis, and all words of this termination. 

OSIS USIS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Diaraastigosis, Enosis, Eleusis. 

ATIS ETIS ITIS OTIS YTIS 

Accent the Penultimate, 
Tegeatis, Sarmatis, Caryatis, Miletis, Limenetis, Curetis, 
Acervitis, Chalcitis, Memphitis, Sophitis, Arbelitis, Fascelitis, 
Dascylitis, Comitis, ^anitis, Cananitis, Circinitis, Sebenuitis, 
Chaonitis, Trachonitis, Chalonitis, Sybaritis, Daritis, Calen- 
deritis, Zephyritis, Amphaxitis, Rhacotis, Estiaeotis, Maeotis, 
Tracheotis, JVlareotis, Phthiotis, Sandaliotis, Elimiotis, Isca 
riotis, Casiotis, Philotis, Nilotis. 

Accent the Antepenultimate, 
Atergatis, Calatis, Anatis, Naucratis, Dercetis, Eurytis 

OVIS UIS XIS 

Accent the Penultimate, 
Amphaxig, Oaxis, Alexis, Zamolxis, Zeuxis. 

Accent the Antepenultimate 
Vejovis, Dijovis, Absituis. 

ICOS EDOS ODOS YDOS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Abydos. 



:J: These vowels form distinct syllables. 

§ Serapis. — See the word in the Initial Vocabulary, 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



98?> 



Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Oricos, Tenedos, Macedos, Agriodos 

EOS ^ 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Sporcheos, Achilleos. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Androgeos, Egaleos, ^galeos, Hegaleos. 

IGOS ICHOS OCHOS OPHOS 

Accent the Pemiltimate. 
Welampigoa, Niontichos, Macrontichos. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Nerigos, ^Egiochos, Oresitroplios. 

ATH03 ETHOS ITHOS lOS 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Sebetho3. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Sciathos, Arithos, Ilios, Ombrios, Topasios. 

LOS MOS NOS POg 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Stymphalos, uEgilos, Pachinos, Etheonos, Eteonos, Hepta- 
phonos. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Haegalos, ^gialos, Ampelos, Hexapylos, Sipylos, Hecatom- 
pylos, Potamos, ^gospotamos, Oleiios, Orchomenos, Anapau- 
omenos, Epidicazomenos, Heautontimorumenos, Antropos. 

ROS SOS TOS ZOS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Meleagros, Hecatoncheios, >(Egimuros, Nisyros, Pityonesoi?, 
Hieronesos, Cephesos, Sebetos, Halieeetos, Miletos, Polytime- 
tos, Aretos, Bathrotos, Topazos. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Sygaros, iEgoceros, Anteros, Meleagros, Myiagros, Absoros, 
Amyros, Pegasos, Jalysos, Abatos, Aretos, Neritos, Acytos. 

IPS OPS 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
-ffigilips, iEthiops. 

LAUS MAUS NAUS RAUS (in two syllables.) 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Archelaus, Menelaus, Agiaus, Agesilaus, Protesilaus, Nico- 
laus, lolaus, Hermolaus, Critolaus, Aristolaus Dorylaus. 
Amphiaraus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Iniaus.* Emmaus, CEnomaus, Danaus. 

BUS 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Agabua, Alabus, Arabus, Molabus, Setabus, Erebus, Ctesi- 
Dus, Deiphobus, Abubus, Polybus. 

ACUS 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abdacus, Labdacus, Rhyndacus, iEacus, Ithacus. 

lACUSf 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
lalciacus, Phidiacus, Alabandiacus, Rhodiacus, Calchiacus, 
Corinthiacus, Deliacus, Peliacus, Iliacus, Niliacus, Titaniacns, 
Armeniacus, Messeniacus, Salaminiacus,Lemniacus,Ioniacus, 
Sammoniacus, Tritoniacus, Gortyniacus, Olympiacus, Caspia- 
cus, Mesembriacus, Adriacus, Iberiacus, Cytheriacus,Siriacus, 
Gessoriacus, Cytoriacus, Syriacus, Phasiacus, Megalesiacus, 
Etesiacus, Isiacus,Gnosiacns, Cnossiacus, Pausiacus, Amathu- 
siacus, Pelusiacus, Prusiacus, Actiacus, Divitiacus, Byzantia- 
cus, Thermodontiacus, Propontiacus, Hellespontiacus, Ses- 
tiacus. 

LACUS NACUS OACUS RACUS SACUS TACUS 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Benacus 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Ablacus, Medoacus, Armaracus, Assaracus, ^sacus, Lamp- 
sacus, Caractacus, Spartacus, Hyrtacus, Pittacus. 

ICUS 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Caicus, Numicus, Demonicus, Granicus, Andronicus, Stra- 
tonicus, Callistonicus, Aristonicus, Alaricus, Albericus, Rode- 

* Imaus. — See the word in the Initial Vocabulary. 

t All words of this termination have the accent on the i, pro- 
nounced like the noun eije. 

\ It may be observed, that words of this termination are 
sometimes both substantives and adjectives. When they are 
substantives^ they have the accent on the antepenultimate syl- 
lable, as JVe'leus, Prome'theus, Salmo'neus, &c. ; and when 
adjectives, on the penultimate, as J^Tele'us, Promethe'us, Sal- 
mone'us, &.c. Thus, (Eneus, a king of Calydonia, is pro- 
nounced in two syllables ; the adjective OEneus, which is foriVi- 
ed from it, is a trisyllable and (Eneius, another formative of 



ncus, Rudericus, Romericus, Hunnericua, Victoricus, Amatri- 
cus, Henricus, Theodoricus, Ludovicus, Grenovicus, Varvicus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Thebaicus, Phocaicus, Chaldaicus, Bardaicus, Judaicus 
Achaicus, Lechaicus, Panchaicus, Therrnaicus, Naicus, Pana 
thenaicus, Cyrenaicus, Arabicus, Dacicus, Samothracicus, Tur 
cicus, Areadicus, Sotadicus, Threcidicus, Chalcidicus, Alaban- 
dicus, Judicus, Clondicus, Cornificus, Belgicus, AUobrogicus, 
Georgicus, Coichicus, Delphicus, Sapphicus, Parthicus, Scy- 
thicus, Pythicus, Stymphalicus, Pharsalicus, Thessalicus, 
Italicus, Attalicus, Gallicus, Sabellicus, Tarbellicus, Argoli- 
cns, Getulicus, Camicus, Ceramicus, Academicus, Grsecanicus, 
Cocanicus, Tusoanicus, ^aniens, Hellanicus, Glanicus, Atel- 
lanicus, Amanicus, Romanicus, Germanicus, Hispanicus, 
Aquitanicus, Sequanicus, Poenicus, Alcmannicus, Britannicus, 
Laconicus, Leuconicus, Adonicus, Macedonicus, Sandonicus, 
lonicus, Hermionicus, Babyloniciis, Samonicus, Pannonicus^ 
Hieronicus, Platonicus, Santonicus, Sophronicus, Teutonicus, 
Amazonicus, Hernicus, Liburnicus, Eubbicus, Troicus, Stbi- 
cus, Olympicus, ^thiopicus, Pindaricus, Balcaricus, Marmar- 
icus, Bassaricus, Cimbricus, Andricus, Ibericus, Trietericus, 
Trevericus, Africus, Doricus, Pythagoricus, Leuctricus, Ad- 
gandestricus, Istricus, Isauricus, Centauricus, Bituricus, Illyri- 
cus, Syricus, Pagasicus, Moesicus, Marsicus, Persicus, Corsi 
cus, Massicus, Issicus, Sabbaticus, Mithridaticus, Tegeaticus^ 
Syriaticus, Asiaticus, Dalmaticus, Sarmaticus, Cibyraticus, 
Rhaeticus, Geticus, Gangeticus, -iEgineticus, Rhojticus, Creti- 
cus, Memphiticus, Sybariticus, Abderiticus, Celticus, Atlanti 
cus, Garamanticus, Alenticus, Ponticus, Scoticus, Mseoticus, 
Boeoticus, Heracleoticus, Mareoticus, Phthioticus, Niloticus, 
Epiroticus, Syrticus, Atticus, Alyatticus, Halyatticus, Medi- 
astuticus. 

OCUS UCUS YCUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Ophiucus, Inycus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate, 

Lauodocus, Amodocus, Amphilocus, Ibycus, Libycus, Bes- 
bycus, Autolycus, Amycus, Glanycus, Corycus. 

ADUS EDUS IDtrS ODUS YDUS 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Lebedus, Congedus, Alfredus, Aluredus, Emodus, Androdus 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Adadus, Enceladus, Aradus, Antaradus, Aufidus, Algidus 
Lepidus, Hesiodus, Commodus, Monodus, Lacydus, Polydus. 

^US GEUS' 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Niobaeus, Meliboeus, and all words of these terminationB. 

EUSJ 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Lycambeus, Thisbens, Bereniceus, Lynceus (the brother ol 
Idas), Simonideus, Euripideus, Pherecydeus, Piraeeus, Phege 
us, Tegeus, Sigeus, Ennosigeus, Argeus, Baccheus, Motor 
cheus, CepJieus, Rhipheus, Alpheus, Orpheus (adjective) 
Erectheus, Prometheus (adjective), Cleantheus, Rhadaman 
theus, Erymantheus, Pantheus (adjective), Dasdaleus, Sopho 
cleus, Themistocleus, Eleus, Neleus (adjective), Oileus (ad 
jective), Apelleus, Achillous, Perilleus, Luculleus, Agylleus 
Pimpleus,Ebuleus, Asculeus, Masculeus, Cadmeus, Aristopha 
neus, Cananeus, CEneus (adj. 3 syll.), CEneus (sub. 2 syll.) 
Idomeneus, Schoeneus, Peneus, Phineus, Cydoneus, Androgeo 
neus, Bioneus, Deucalioneus, Acrisioneus, Salmoneus (adjec 
tive),Maroneus, Antenoreus,Phoroneus (adjective), Thyoneus, 
Gyrneus, Epeus, Cyclopeus, Penelopeus, Phillipeus, Aganippe- 
us, Menandreus (adjective), Nereus, Zagreus, Boreus, Hyper- 
boreus, Polydoreus, Atreus (adjective), Centaureus, Nesseus, 
Cisseus, CEteus, RhcBteus, Anteus, Abanteus, Phalanteua, The- 
rodamanteus, Polydamanteus, Thoanteus, Hyanteus, Aconte- 
us, Laomedonteus, Thermodonteus, Phaethonteus, Phlegethon- 
teus, Oronteus, Thyesteus, Phryxeus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Gerionaceus, Menoeceus, Lynceus (adjective), Dorceus, Ca- 
duceus, Asclepiadeus, Paladeus, Sotadeus, Tydeus, Orpheus 
(substantive), Morpheus, Tyrrheus, Prometheus (substantive), 
Cretheus, Mnesitheus, Dositheus, Pentheus (substantive), 
Smintheus, Timotiieus, Brotheus, Dorotheus, Menestheus, Eu- 
rystheus, Pittheus, Pytheus, Dajdaleus, ^gialeus, Malcus, 
Tantaleus, Heracleus, Celeus, Eleleus, Neleus, Peleus, Nileus, 
Oileus (substantive), Demoleus, Romuleus, Porgameus, Euga- 
neus, Melaneus, Herculaneus, Cyaneus, Tyaneus, Coueus, 
Dicaneus, Pheneus, CEneus, Cupidineus, Apollineus, Eniieus, 



it, is a word of four syllables. Rut these words, when formed 
into English adjectives, alter their termination with the ac- 
cent on the penultimate : 

" With other notes than to the OrphSan lyre.'* 

Milton. 
" The tuneful tongue, the PromethMn band." 

Akxnsidv 
And sometimes on the antepenultimate ; as, 

" The sun, as from Thyestian banquet turn'3 ** 

MllTuir. 



990 



GREEK AND LATLN PROPER NAMES. 



Adoneug, Aridoaeus, Gorgoneus, Deioneus, Ilioneus, Mimallo- 
neus, Salmoneus (substantivol, Acroneus, Phoroneus (substan- 
tive), Albuneusj Enipeus, Siuopeus, Hippeus, Aristippeus, 
Areus, Macareus, Tyndareus, Megareus (substantive), Capha- 
lem (sabstantive), Briareus, ^sareus, Patareus, Cythereus, 
Phaiereus, Nereus (substantive), Tereus, Adoreus, Mentoreus, 
Nestoreus, Atreus (substantive), Caucaseus, Pegaseus, The- 
seus, Perseus, Nicteus, ArgenteuS) Bronteus, Proteus, Agyeus 

AGUS EGUS IGUS OGUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Cethegns, Robigus, Rubigus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
-(Egophagus, Osphagus, Neomagus, Rothomagus, Nioma- 
gus, Noviomagus, Caesaromagus, Sitomagus, Areopagus, Har- 
pagus, Arviragus, Uragus, Astrologus. 

ACHUS OCHUS UCHUS YCHUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Daduchus, Ophiuchus. 

.Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Telemachus, D'aimachus, Deimachus, Alcimachus, Cal- 
limachus, Lysimachus, Antimachus, Symmaclius, Androma- 
chus, Clitomachus, Aristomachus, Eurymachus, Inachus, 
lamblichus, Demodochus, Xenodochus, Deiochus, Antiochus, 
Deilochus, ArchiJochus, Mnesilochus, Tbersilochus, Orsilo- 
chus, Antilochus, Nauloehus, Eurylochus, Agerochus, Polyo- 
chus, Monychus, Abronychus. 

APHUS EPHOS IPHUS OPHUS YPHUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Josephus, Seriphus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Ascalaphus, Epaphus, Palsepaphus, Anthropographus, Tele- 
phus, Absephus, Agastrophus, Sisyphus. 

ATHUS ^THUS ITHUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Simaethas. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Archagathus, Amathus, Lapathus, Carpathus, Mychithus. 

AIUS 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Caius, Laius, Graius. — See Achai^ . 

ABIUS IBIUS OBIUS UBIUS YBIUS 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Fabius, Arabius, Baebius, Vibius^ Albius, Amobius, Ma- 
crobius, Androbius, Tobius, Virbius, Lesbius, Enbius, Danu- 
bius, Marrhubius, Talthybius, Polybius. 

cms 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Acacias, Ambracius, Acracius, Thracius, Athracius, Samo- 
thracius, Lampsacius, Arsacius, Byzacius, Accius, Siccius, 
Decius, Threicius, Cornificius, Cilicius, Numicius, Apicius, 
Sulpicius, Fabricius, Oricius, Cincius, Mincius, Marcius, Cir- 
cius, Hircius, Roscius, Albucius, Lucius, Lycius, Bebrycius. 

DIUS 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Leccadius, Icadius, Arcadius, Palladius, Tenedius, Albidius, 
Didius, Thucydidius, Fidius, Aufidius, Eufidius, ^gidius, 
Nigidius, Obsidius, Gratidius, Brutidius, Helvidins, Ovidius, 
Rhodius, Clodius, Hannodius, Gordius, Claudius, Rudius, 
Lydins. 

EIUS* 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Daneius, Cocceius, Lyrceius, yEacideius, Lelegius, Sigeius, 
Baccheius, Cepheius, Typhceeius, Cretheius, Pittheius, Saleius, 
Semeleius, Neleius, Stheneleius, Proculeius, Septimuleius, 
Canuleins, Venuleius, Apuleius,Egnatuleius, Sypyleius, Pria- 
meiug, Cadmeius, Tyaneius, ^neius, Clymeneius, CEneius, 
Autoneius, Schceneius, Lampeius, Rhodopeius, Dolopeius, 
Priapeius, Pompeius, Tarpeius Cynareius, Cythereias, Ne- 
reius, Satureius, Vultureius, Cinyreius, Nyseius, Teius, He- 
cateius, Elateius, Rhoeteius, Atteius, Minyeius. 

* Almost all the words of this termination are adjectives, 
and in these the vowels ei form distinct syllables ; the others, 
as Cocceivs, Saleius, Proculeius, Canuleins, Apuleius, Egva- 
tulcius. Schceneius, Lampeius, VuUzireius, Atteius, and Miny- 
eius, are substantives ; and which, though sometimes pro- 
nounced with the ei forming a diphthong, and sounded like the 
noun eye, are more generally heard like the adjectives ; so that 
the whole list may be fairly included under the same general 
rule, that of sounding the e separately, and the i like y conso- 
nant, as in the similar terminations in eia and ia. This is the 
more necessary in these words, as the accented e and the un- 
accented i are so much alike, as to require the sound of the 
initial or consonant y, in order to prevent the hiatus, by giving 
a email diversity to th two vowels — See Ac ha i a 



GIUS 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
•t Valgius, Belgius, Catangius, Sergius, Ascoburgiufl, Oiy 
gius. 

CHroS PHIUS THIUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Sperchius. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Inachius, Bacchius, Dulichius, Telechius, Munychius, IIe*;y 

chius, Tychius, Cyniphius, Alpliius, Adelphius, Sisyplius, 

Eiiiathius, Simffitliius, Acithius, Melanthius, Erymanthius, 

Corinthius, Zerynthius, Tirynthius. 

ALIUS ^LIUS ELIUS ILIUS ULIUS YLIUS 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
CEbalius, Idalius, Acidalius, PalEephalius, Stymphalius, Ms- 
nalius, Opalius, Thessalius, Castalius, Publius, Heraclius,| 
^lius, CaBlius, LjeUus, Delius, Mehus, Cornelius, Coilius, 
Clcelius, Aurelius, Nyctelius, Praxitolius, Abilius, Babilius, 
Carbihus, Orbilins, Acilius, Caecilius, Lucilius, iEdilius, Vir- 
gilius, ^milius, Manilius,Pompilius, Turpilius, Atilius,Basi- 
lius,J Cantilius, Q.uintilius, Hostilius, Attilius,Rutilius, Duil- 
ius, Sterquilius, Carvilius, Servilius, Callius, Trebellius, Cas- 
cellius, Gellius, Arellius, Vitellius, Tullius, Manlius, Tenolius, 
Nauplius, Daulius, Julius, Amulius, Pamphylius, Pylius. 

MIUS 

Accent the Antepenultimate, 

Samius, Ogmius, Isthmius, Decimius, Septimius,Rhemmius 
Memmius, Mummius, Nomius Bromius, Latmius, Posthu 
mius. 

ANIUS ENIUS INIUS ENNIUS 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Anius, Libanius, Canius, Sicanius, Vulcanius, Ascanius, 
Dardanius, Clanius, Manius, Afranius, Granius, ^nius, Mse- 
nius. Genius, Borysthenius, Lenius, Valenius, Cyllenius, Ole- 
nius, Menius, Achsemenius, Armenius, Ismenius, Pcenius, Si- 
renius, Messenius, Dossenius, Polyxenius, Trcezenius, Gabini- 
us, Albinius, Licinius, Sicinius, Virginius, Trachinius, Mini- 
us, Salaminius, Flaminius, Etiminius, Arminius, Herminius 
Caninius, Tctritinius, Asinius, Eleusinius, Vatinius, Flavini 
us, Tarquinius, Cilnius, Tolumnius, Annius, Fannius, Elan 
nius, Ennius, Fescennius, Dossennius. 

ONIUS UNIUS YNIUS OIUS 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Aonius, Lycaonius, Chaonius, Machaonius, Amythaonius, 
Trebonius, Heliconius, Stiliconius, Asconius, Macedonius, 
Chalcedonius, Caledonius, Sidonius, Alchandonius, Mandoni 
us, Dodonius, Cydonius, Calydonius, Maeonius, Paeon i us, Ago- 
nius, Gorgonius, Lasstrygonius, Lestrygonius, Trophonius, 
Saphonius, Marathonius, Sithonius, Ericthonius, Aphthonius, 
Arganthonius, Tithonius, lonius, CEdipodionius, Echionins, 
Ixionius, Salonius, Milonius, Apollonius, Babylonius, ^mo- 
nius, Lacedffimonius, Haemonius, Palaemonius, Ammonius, 
Strymonius, Nonius, Memnonius, Agamemnonius, Cranno- 
nius, Vennonius, Junonius, Pomponius, Acronius, Sophronius, 
Scironius, Sempronius, Antronius, ^sonius, Ausonius, Lato- 
nius, Suetonius, Antonius, Bistonius, Plutonius, Favonius, 
Amazonius, Esernius, Calphurnius, Saturnius, Daunius, Ju- 
nius, Neptunius, Gortynius, Typhbius, Acheldius, Minoius, 
Trbius. 

APIUS OPIUS IPIUS 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Agapius, ^sculapius, ^sapius, Messapius, Grampius, Pro- 
copius, Qilnopius, Cecropius, Eutropius, JEsopius, Mopsopius, 
Gippius, PuppiuSj Caspius, Thespius, Cispius. 

ARIUS ERIUS IRIUS ORIUS URIUS YRIUS 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Darius. , 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Arius, Icarius, Tarcundarius, Ligarius, Sangarius, Corinthi- 
arius, Larius, Marius, Hierosolymarius, ^narius, Taenarius, 
Asinarius, Isinarius, Varius, Januarius, Aquarius, Februari- 
us, Atuarius, Imbrius, Adrius,Evandrius, Laberius, Biberius, 
Tiberius, Celtiberius, Vinderius, Acherius, Valerius, Nume- 
rius, Hesperius, Agrius, CEagrius, Cenchrius, Rabirius, Poda- 
lirius, Sirius, Virius, Bosphorius, Elorius, Florins, Actorius, 



\ 



t Labbe places the accent of ihis word on the penultimate, 
i, as in Heraclitus and Heraclida> ,• but the Roman emperor of 
this name is so generally pronounced with the antepenulti- 
mate accent, that it would savor of pedantry to alter it. Nor 
do I understand the reason on which Labbe founds his ac- 
centuation. 

:{: This word, the learned contend, ought to have the accent 
on the penultimate ; but that the learned frequently depart 
from this pronunciation, by placing the accent on the antepe- 
nultimate, may be seen, Rule 31, prefixed to the Initial Vo- 
cabulary. 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



991 



Anactorins, Sertorius, Caprius, Cyprios, Arrins, Feretrius, 
CEnotrius, Adgandestrius, Caystrius, Epidaurius, Cnrins, 
Mercurius, Durius, Furius, Palfurius, Thurius, Mamurias, 
Purius, Masarme, Spurius, Veturius, Asturias, Atabyrins, 
Scyrius, Porphyrias, Assyrius, Tyrius. 

ASIUS ESIUS ISIUS OSIUS USIUS YSIUS. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Asius, Casius, Thasius, Jasius, ^sius, Acesius, Coracesius, 
Arcesius, Mendesius, Chesius, Ephesius, Milesius, Theame- 
Bius, Teumesius, iEnesius, Magnesius, Proconnesius, Cherso- 
nesius, Lyrnesius, Marpesius, Acasesius, Meiitesius, Adylisius, 
Amisius, Artemisius, Simoisius, Charisius, Acrisius, Horteii- 
sius, Syracosiusj Theodosius, Gnosius, Sosius, Mopsius, Cas- 
sias, Thalassius, Lyrnessins, Cressius, Tartessius, Syracusius, 
Fusins, Agusius, Amathusius, Ophiusius, Ariusius, Volusius, 
Selinusius, Acherusius, Maurusius, Lysius, Elysius, Dionysius, 
Odrysius, Amphrysias, Otiirysius. 

ATIUS ETIUS ITIUS OTIUS UTIUS. 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Xenophontius. 

Accent the Antepenultimate, 
Trebatius, Catius, Volcatius, Acliatius, Latius, Caesenatius, 
Egnatias, Gratius, Horatius, Tatius, Luctatius, Statius, Acti- 
us, Vectius, Gluiiictius, Aetius, -iEtins, Pansetius, Prsetius, 
Cetius, Caeetius, Vegitius, Metius, Moenetius, Lucretius, Hel- 
vetius, Saturnalitius, Floralitius, Ccinpitalitius, Domitius, Be- 
ritius, Neritius, Crassitius, Titius, Politius, Abundantius, 
Paeantius, Taulantins, Acamantius,Teuthrantius, Lactantius, 
Hyantius, Byzantius, Terentius, Cluentios, Maxentius, Me- 
zentius, (iuintius, Acontius, Vocontius, Laomedontius, Leon- 
tius, Pontius, Hellespontius, Acherontius, Bacuntius, Opunti- 
U9, Aruntius, Maeotius, Tliesprotius, Scaptius, ^gyptius, 
Martius, Laertius, Propertius, Hirtius, Mavortius, Tiburtius, 
Curtius, Tliestius, Themistius, Canistius, Sallnstius, Crustius, 
Carystius, Hymettius, Bruttius, Abutius, Ebutius, ^butius, 
Albutius, Acutias, Locutius, Stercutius, Mutius, Minutius, 
Pretutius, Clytius, Bavius, Flavius, Navius, Evius, Maevius, 
Nffivius, Ambivius, Livius, Milvius, Fulvius, Sylvius, Novius, 
Servius, Vesvius, Pacuvius, Vitruvius, Vesuvius, Axius, 
Naxius, Alexius, Ixius, Sabazius. 

ALUS CLUS ELUS ILUS OLUS ULUS YLUS 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Stymphalus, Sardanapalus, Androclus, Patroclus, Doryclus, 
Orbelus, Philomel us, Eunaelus, Phasaelus, Phaselus, Crysilus, 
Cimolus, Timolus, Tmolus, Mausolus, Pactolus, -^tolus, 
Atabulus, Praxibulus, Cleobulus, Critobulus, Acontobulus, 
Aristobulus, Eubulus, Thrasybulus, Getulus, Bargylus, Mas- 
sy 1 us. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Abalus, Heliogabalus, Corbalus,Bubalus,CocaluB, Daedalus, 
Idalus, Acidalus, Megalus, Trachalus, Cephalus, Cynoceph- 
alus, Bucephalus, Anchialus, Maenalus, Hippalus, Ilarpalus, 
Bupalus, Hypalus, Thessalus, Italus, Tantalus, Crotalus, Or- 
talus, Attains, Euryalus, Doryclus, Stiphelus, Sthenelus, Eu- 
trapelus, Cypselus, Babilus, Diphilus, Antiphilus, Pamphilus, 
Theophilus, Damophilus, Trbilus, Zoilus, Choerilus, Myrtilus, 
yEgobolus, Naubolus, Equicolus, iEolus, Laureolus, Anchem- 
olus, Bibulus, Bibaculus, Caeculus, Grasculus, Siculus, Sa- 
ticulus, jEquiculus, Paterculus, Acisculus, Regulus, Romulus, 
Venulus, Apulus, Salisubsulus, Vesulus, Catulus, Gaetulus, 
Getulus, Opitulus, Lentulus, Rutulus, ^schylus, Deiphylus, 
Demylus, Deipylus, Sipylus, Empylus, Cratylus, Astylus. 

AMUS EMUS IMUS OMUS UMUS YMUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Callidemus, Charidemus, Pethodemus, Philodemus, Phano- 
demus, Clitodemus, Aristodemus, Polyphemus, Theotimus, 
Hermotimus, Aristotimus, Ithomus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Lygdamus, Archidamus, Agesidamns, Apusidamus, Anaxi- 
damus, Zeuxidamus, Androdamus, Xenodamus, Cogamus, 
Pergamus, Orchamus, Priamus, Cinnamus, Ceramus, Abdira- 
mus, Pyramus, Anthemus, Telemus, Tlepolemus, Theopole- 
mus, Neoptolemus, Phaedimus, Abdalonimus, Zosimus, Maxi- 
mus, Antidomus, Amphinomus, Nicodromus, Didymus, Dindy- 
mus, Helymus, Solymus, Cleonymus, Abdalonymus, Hierony- 
mus, Euonymus, ^symus. 

ANUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Artabanus, Cebanus, Thebanus, Albanus, Nerbanus, Vor- 
banus, Labicanus, Gallicanus, Africanus, Sicanus, Vaticanus, 
Lavicanus, Vulcanus, Hyrcanus, Lucanus, Transpadauus, 
Pedanns, Apidanus, Fundanus, Oodanus, Eanus, Garganus, 
Murhanus, Baianus, Trajanus, Fabianus, Accianus, Prisci- 
anus, Roscianus, Lucianus, Seleucianus, Herodianus, Claudi- 



* This is the name of a certain astrologer mentioned by Peta- 
vius, which, Labbe says, would be pronounced with the accent 
on the antepenultimate by those who are ignorant of Greek. 

t The singular ofMorini. — See the word. 



anus, Saturcianns, Sejanus, Carteianus, iElianus, AfBianus, 
Lucilianus, Virgilianus, Petilianus, Quintilianus, Catullianus, 
Tertullianus, Julianas, Ammianus, Memmianus, Formianus, 
Diogenianus, Scandinianus, Papinianus, Valentinianus, Jus- 
tinianas, Trophonianus, Othonianns, Pomponianus, Maronia- 
nus, Apronianus, Thyonianus, Trojanus, Ulpianus, JEsopia- 
nus, Apianus, Oppianus, Marianas, Adrianus, Hadrianus, Ti- 
berianus, Valerianus, Papirianus Vespasianus, Hortensianus, 
Tteodosianus, Bassianus, Pelusainus, Diocletianus, Domitia- 
nus, Antianus, Scantianus, Terentianus, Cluintianus, Sestia- 
nus, Augustianus, Sallustianus, Pretutianus, Sextianus, Flavi- 
anus, Bovianus, Pacuvianus, Alanus, Elanus, Silanos, Fregel- 
lanus, Atellanus, Regillanns, LucuUanus, Sullanus, Syllanus, 
Carseolanus, Pateolanus, Coriolanus, Ocriculanus, .(Esculanus, 
Tasculanns, Carsulanus, Fassulanus, Q,uerquetnlanus, Ama- 
nus, Lemanas, Summanus, Romanus, Rhenanus, Amenanus 
Pucinanus, Cinnanus, Campanus, Hispanus, Sacranus, Vena- 
franus, Claranus, Ulubranus, Seranus, Lateranus, Coranua 
Soranus, Serranus, Suburranus, Gauranus, Suburanus, Ancy- 
ranus, Cosanus, Sinuessanus, Syracusanus, Satanus, Laletanus, 
Tunetanus, Abretanus, Cretanus, Setabitanus, Gaditanus, Tin- 
gitanus, Caralitanus, Neapolitanus, Antipolitanus, Tomita- 
nus, Taurominitanus, Sybaritanus, Liparitanus, Ahderitanus, 
Tritanus, Ancyritanus, Lucitanus, Pantanus, Nejentanus, No- 
mentanus, Beneventanus, Montanus, Spartanus, Paestanus, 
Adelstanus, Tutanus, Sylvanus, Albinovanus, Adeantuanus, 
Mantuanus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Libanus, Clibanus, Antiiibauus, Oxycanus, Eridanus, Rh® 
danus, Dardanus, Oceanus, Longimanus, Idumanus, Dripanus, 
Caranus, Adranus, Coeranus, Tritanus, Panianus, Sequanus. 

ENUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Characenus, Lampsacenus, Astacenus, Picenus, Damascenus, 
SufFenus, Alfenus, Alphenus, Tyrrhenus, Gabienus, Labienue 
Avidenus, Amenus, Pupienus, Garienus, Cluvienus, Calenus, 
Galenus, Silenus, Pergamenus, Alexamenus, Ismenus, Thrasy 
menus, Trasymenus, Diopoenns, Capenus, Cebrenus, Fibrenus, 
Serenus, Palmyrenus, Amasenus, Tibisenus, Misenus, Evenus, 
Byzenus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Ambenus, Helenus, Olenus, Tissamenus, Dexamenus, Dia- 
dumenus, Clymenus, Periclymenus, Axenas, Callixenus, Phi- 
loxenus, Timoxenus, Aristoxenus. 

INUS YNUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Cytainus, Gabinus, Sabinus, Albinus, Sidicinus, Aricinus, 
Sicinns, Ticinus, Mancinus, Adminocinus, Carcinus, Cosci- 
nus, Marrucinus, Erycinus, Acadinus, Caudinus, Rufinus, 
Rheginus, Erginus, Opiturginus, Auginus, Hyginus, Pachinus, 
Echinus, Delphinus, Myrrhinus, Pothinus, Facelinus, Velinus, 
Stergilinus, Esquilinus, ^squilinus, Caballinus, Marcellinus, 
Tigellinus, Sibyllinus, Agyllinus, Solinus, Capitolinus, Gemi- 
nus,* Maximinus, Crastuminus, Anagninus, Signinus, Theo- 
ninus, Saloninus, Antoninus, Amiterninus, Saturninus, Priapi- 
nus, Salapinus, Lcpinus, Alpinus, Inalipinus, Arpinus, Hir- 
pinus, Crispinus, Rutupinus, Lagarini>s, Charinus, Diochari- 
nus, Nonacrinus, Fibrinus, Lucrinus, Leandrinus, Alexandri- 
nus, Iberinus, Tiberinus, Transtiberinus, Amerinus, ^seri 
nus, Cluirinus, Censorinus, Assorinus, Favorinus, Phavorinus, 
Taurinus, Tigurinus, Thurinus, Semurinus, Cyrinus, Myrinus, 
Gelasinus, Exasinus, Acesinus, Halesinus, Telesinus, Nepesi- 
nas, Brundisinus, Nursinus, Narcissinus, Libyssinus, Fuscinus, 
Clusinus, Venusinus, Perusinus, Susinus, Ardeatinus, Reati- 
nus, Antiatinus, Latinus, CoUatinus, Cratinus, Soractinus, 
Aretinus, Arretinus, Setinus, Bantinus, Murgantinus, Pha- 
lantinus, Numantinus, Tridentinus, Ufentinus, Murgentinus, 
Salentinus, Pollentinus, Polentinus, Tarentinus, Terentinus, 
Surrentiniis, Laurentinus, Aventinus, Truentinas, Leontinus, 
Pontinus, Metapontinus, Saguntinus, Martinus, Mamertinus, 
TiburtinuR, Crastinus, Palaestinus, Praenestinub, Atestinus, 
Vestinus, Augustinus, Justinus, Lavinub, Patavinus, Acuinus, 
Elvinus, Corvinus, Lanuvinus, Vesuvinus, Euxinus. 

Accent t'ie Antepenultimate. 
Phainus, Acinus, Alcinus, Fucinus, .^acidinus, Cyteinus 
Barchinus, Morinus,| Myrrhinus, Terminus, Ruminus, Eari 
nus, Asinus, Apsinus, Myrsinus, Pometinus, Agrantinus, 
Acindynus. 

ONUS UNUS YNUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Drachonus, Onochonus, Ithonus, Tithonus, Myronus, Nep~ 
tunus, Portunua, Tutunus, Bithynus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Exagonus, Hexagonus, Telegonus, Epigonus, Erigonus, 
Tosigonus, Antigonus, Laogonus, Chrysogonus, Nebrophonus, 
Aponus, Carantonus, Santonue, Aristonus, Dercynus. 



As the i in the foregoing selection has the accent on it, it 
ought to be pronounced like the noun eije ; while the unac- 
cented i in this selection should be pronounced like «, — See 
Rule 4th prefixed to the fnitial Vocabulary 



992 



GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



ous 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Aoiis, Laoiis, Sardoiis, Eolis, Geloiis, Achelous, Inoiis, Mi- 
nous, Naupactous, Arctous, Myrtoiis. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Hydrochoiis, AleathoUs, PirithoHs, NausithoUs, AlcmoUs, 
Sphinous, Antinous. 

APUS EPUS IPUS OPUS 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Priapus, Anapus, -iEsapus, Messapus, Athapus, ^sepus, 

Euripus, Lycopus, Melanopus, Canopas, Inopus, Paropus, 

Oropus. Europus, Asopus, JEsopus, Crotopus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
8arapus, Astapus, CEdipus, Agiiopus, Oropus. 

ARUS ERUS mUS ORUS URUS YRUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Cimarus, ^sarus, Iberus, Doberus, Homerus, Severus, 
Noverus, Meleagrus, CEagrus, Cynsegirus, Camirus, Epirus, 
Achedorus, Artemidorus, Isidorus, Dionysidorus, Theodorus, 
Pythodorus, Diodorus, Tryphiodorus, Heliodorus, Asclepiodo- 
rus, Athesiodorus, Cassiodorus, Apollodorus, Demodorus, 
Hcrmodorus, Xenodorus, Metrodorus, Polydorus, Alorus, 
Elorus, Helorus, Pelorus, ^gimorus, Assorus, Cytorus, Epi- 
curus, Palinurus, Arcturus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abarus, Imbarus, Hypobams, Icarus, Pandarus, Pindarus, 
Pyndarus, Tearus, Farfarus, Agarus, Abgarus, Gargarus, 
Opharus, Cantharus, Obiarus, Uliarus, Silarus, Cyllarus, 
Tamarus, Absimarus, Comarus, Vindomarus, TomaruSj Is- 
marus, Ocinarus, Pinarus, Ciniiarus, Absarus, Bassarus, Deio- 
tarus, Tartarus, Eleazarus, Artabrus, Balacrus, Charadrus, 
Cerberus, Bellerus, Mermerus, Termerus, Hesperus, Craterus, 
Icterus, Anigrus, Glaphirus, Deborus, Pacorus, Stesichorus, 
Gorgopliorus, Telesphorus, Bosphorus, Phosphorus, Heptapo- 
rus, Euporas, Anxurus, Deipyrus,Zopyrus, Leucosyrus, Saty- 
fus, Tityrus. 

ASUS ESUS ISUS OSUS US US YSUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Parnassus, Galesus, Halesus, Volesus, Termesus, Theume- 
sus, Teumesus, Alopeconnesus, Proconnesus, Arconnesus, 
Elaphonnesus, Demonesus, Cherronesus, Chersonesus, Arcten- 
nesus, Myonnesus, Halonesus, Cephalonesus, Peloponnesus, 
Oromyonesus, Lyrnesus, Marpesus, Titaresus, Alisus, Para- 
disus, Amisus, Paropamisus, Crinisus, Amnisus, Berosus, 
Agrosus, Ebusus, Amphrysas. 



* All words ending in stratum have the accent on the ante- 
penultimate Byliable. 



Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Oribasus, Bubasns, Caucasus, Pedasus, Agasus, Pegasaa 
Tamasus, Harpasus, Imbrasus, Cerasus, Doryasus, Vogesua 
Vologesus, Ephesus, Anisus, Genusus, Ambrysus. 

ATUS ETUS ITUS OTUS UTUS YTUS 

Accent the Penultimate. ^ 

Rubicatus, Baeticatus, Abradatus, Ambigatus, Viriatus, Ela 
tus, Pilatus, Catugnatus, Cincinnatus, Odenatus, Leonatus 
Aratus, Pytharatus, Demaratus, Acratus, Ceratus, Sceleratus 
Serratus, Dentatus, Duatus, TorquatuS; Febrnatus, Achetus 
Polycletus, ^gletus, Miletus, Admetus, Tremetus, Diognetus 
Dyscinetus, Capetus, Agapetus, lapetus, Acretus, Oretus, 
Hermaphroditus, Epaphroditus, Heraclitus, Munitus, Agapi 
tus, Cerritus^ Bituitus, Polygnotus, Azotus, Acutus, Slercu 
tus, Cornutas, Cocytus, Berytus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Deodatus, Palasphatus, Inatus, Acratus, Dinocratus, Eehes- 
tratus,* Amestratus, Menestratus, Amphistratus, Callistra- 
tus, Damasistratus, Erasistratus, Agesistratus, Hegesistratus, 
Pisistratus, Sosistratus, Lysistratrs, Nicostratus, Cleostra- 
tus, Damostratus, Demostratus, Sostratus, Philostratus, Di- 
nostratus, Hnrostratus, Eratostratus, Polystratus, Acrotatus, 
Taygetus, Demaenetus, lapetus, Tacitus," Iphitus, Onomacri- 
tus, Agoracritas. Onesicritus, Cleocritus, Damocritus, Democ- 
ritus, Aristocritus, Antidotas, Theodotus, Xenodotus, Herod- 
otus, Cephisodotus, Libanotus, Leuconotus, Euronotus, Age 
simbrotus, Stesimbrotus, Theombrotus, Cleombrotus, Hippol- 
ytus, Anytus, -lEpytus, Eurytus. 

AVUS EVUS IVUS UUS XUS YUS ZU3 XYS U 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Agavus, Timavus, Saravus, Batavus,! Versevus, Sliovus, 
Gradivus, Argivus, Briaxus, Oaxus, Araxus, Eudoxus, Trap© 
zus, Charaxys. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Batavus, Inuus, Fatuus, Tityus, Diascoridus. 

DAX LAX NAX RAX RIX DOX ROX 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Ambrodax, Demonax, Hipponax. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Arctophylax, Hegesianax, Herinesianax, Lysianax, Astya- 

nax, Agonax, Hierax, Caetobrix, Eporedorix, Deudorix, Am- 

biorix, Dumnorix, Adiatorix, Orgetorix, Biturix, Cappadox, 

Allobrox. 



j This word is pronounced with the accent either on the 
penultimate or antepenultimate syllable : the former, however 
is the most general, especially among the poets. 



rui.es 



FOR THE 



PRONUNCIATIOI^ 



OF 



SCRIPTUliE PROPER NAMES. 



ADVERTISEMENT. 



The true pronunciation of the Hebrew language, as Doctor 
Lovvth observes, is lost. To refer us for assistance to the 
Masoretic points, would be to launch us on a sea without 
shore or bottom : the only compass, by which we can possibly 
Bteer on this boundless ocean, is the Septuagint version of the 
Hebrew Bible ; and, as it is highly probable the translators 
transfused the sound of the Hebrew proper names into the 
Greek, it gives us something like a clew to guide us out of the 
labyrinth. But even here we are often left to guess our way ; 
for the Greek word is frequently so different from the Hebrew, 
as scarcely to leave any traces of similitude between them. 
En this case, custom and analogy must often decide, and the ear 
must sometimes solve the difficulty. But these difficulties re- 
late chiefly to the accentuation oi Hebrew words : and the 
method adopted in this point will be seen in its proper place. 

I must here acknowledge my obligations to a very learned 



and useful work— the Scripture Lexicon of Mr. Oliver. As 
the first attempt to facilitate the pronunciation of Hebrew 
proper names, by dividing them into syllables, it deserves the 
highest praise : but, as I have often differed widely from this 
gentleman in syllabication, accentuation, and the sound of the 
vowels, 1 have thought it necessary to give my reasons for this 
difference,' which will be seen under the Rules ; of the validi 
ty of which reasons the reader will be the best judge. 



N. B. As there are many Greek and Latin proper names in 
Scripture, particularly in the New Testament, which are to 
be met with in ancient history, some of them have been omit- 
ted in this selection : and therefore, if the inspector does not 
find them here, he is desired to seek for them in the Vtwabukr 
ry of Greek and Latin Names. 



RULES 

FOR PRONOUNCING 

SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 



1. IN the pronunciation of the letters of the Hebrew proper 
names, we find nearly the same rules prevai as in those of 
Greek and Latin. Where the vowels end a syllable with the 
accent on it, they have their long open sound, as JVa'bal, Je'- 
hu, Si'rach, Go'shen, and Tu'bal. (See Rule 1st prefixed to 
the Greek and Latin Proper JVamesA 

2. When a consonant ends the syllable, the preceding vowel 
is short, as Sam'u-el, Lem'u-el, Sim'e-on, Sol'o-mon, SiLc'coth, 
Syn'a-gogue. (See Rule 2d prefixed to the Greek and Latin 
Proper JVames,) I here differ widely from Mr. Oliver ; for I 
cannot agree with him, that the e in Abdiel, the o in Arnon, 
and the u in Ashur, are to be pronouoced like the ee in seen, 
the in tone, and the u in tune, which is the rule he lays 
down for all similar words. 

3. Every final i, forming a distinct syllable, though unac- 
cented, has the long open sound, as A'i, A^ris'a-i. (See Rule 
4th prefixed to the Greek and Latin Proper A''ames.) 

4. Every unaccented i, ending a syllable, not final, is pro- 
nounced like e, as A'ri-el, Ab'di-el, pronounced A'rc-el, Ab'- 
de-el. (See Rule 4th prefixed to the Greek and Latin Proper 
JVames.) 

5. The vowels ai are sometimes pronounced in one syllable, 
and sometimes in two. As the Septuagint version is our chief 
guide in the pronunciation of Hebrew proper names, it may 
Be observed, that when these letters are jjronounced as a 
diphthong in one syllable, like our English diphtliong in the 
word daily, they are either a diphthong in the Greek w ord, 
ar expressed by the Greek £ or i, as Ben-ai'ah, Bavaia ; 
Hu'shai. Xycrl ; Hu'fai, Ovpl, Sec; and that wJien they are 
oronounced in two syllables, as Sham'ma-i, Shash'a-i, 
Ber-a-i'ah, it is because the Greek words by which they 
are translated, as 'S.a^al, 'Ztch, Bapa'ia, make two syllables 
of these vowels. Mr. Oliver has not always attenddH to this 
distinction : he makes Sin'a~i three syllables, though the 
Greeks made it but two in Hivd. That accurate prosodist, 
Labbe, indeed, makes it a trisyllable 5 but he does the same 
Dy Aaron and Canaan, which our great classic Milton uni- 
formly reduces to two syllables, as well as Sinai. If we were 
to pronounce it in three syllables, we must necessarily make 
the first syllable short, as in Shim'e-i; but this is so contrary 
to the best usage, that it amounts to a proof that it ought to 
be pronounced in two syllables, with the first i long, as in 
Shihiar. This, however, must be looked upon as a general 
rule only : these vowels in Isaiah, Grtecised by 'Ho-ai'.-jf , are 
always pronounced as a diphthong, or, at least, with the ac- 
cent on the a, and the i like y articulating the succeeding 
vowel ; in Caiaphas, likewise, the ai is pronounced like a diph- 
thong, though divided in the Greek Ka'icpaag ; which division 
caimot take place in this word, because the i must then ne- 
cessarily have the accent, and must be pronounced as in Isaac, 
as Mr. Oliver has marked it ; but I think contrary to univer- 
sal usage. The only point necessary to be observed in the 
sound of this diphthong is, the slight difference we perceive 
between its medial and final position : when it is final, it is 
exactly like the English ay without the accent, as in hohjday, 
roundelay, galloway ; but when it is in the middle of a v.-ord, 
and followed by a vowel, the i is pronounced as if it were y, 
and as if this y articulated the succeeding vowel : thus Ben- 
ai'ah 13 pronounced as if written Ben-a'yak. 

6. Ch is pronounced like k, as Chebar, Chemosh, Enoch, 
&c., pronounced Kebar, Kemosh, Enoch, &c. Cherubim and 
Rachel seem to be perfectly Anglicised, as the ch in these 
words is always heard as in the English words cheer, child, 
riches, &c. (See Rule 12th prefixed to the Greek and Latin 
Proper Jfamcs.) The same may be observed of Cherub, sig- 
nifying an order of angels ; but when it means a city of the 
Babylonish empire, it ought to be pronounced Ke'rub. 

7. Almost the only difference in the pronunciation of the 
Hebrew, and the Greek and Latin proper names, is in the 
sound of tlie g before e and i -. in the two last languages, this 
consonant is always soft before these voxels, as Gellius, 
Gippius, &c., pronounced Jellius, Jippius, &c.; and in the 
first, it is hard, as Gera, Gerizim, Gideon, Gilgal, Megiddo, 
Megiddon, &c. This difference is without all foundation in 
ctymohgyj for both o- and c were always liatd in tlie Greek 



and Latin languages, as well as in the Hebrew ; but ihe lat^v* 
language being studied so much less thaa the Greek and Latin 
it has not undergone that change whicl" familiarity is sure to 
produce in all languages: and even the solemn distance of thia 
language has not been able to keep the letter c from sliding 
into s before e and i, in the same manner as in the Greek and 
Latin : thus, though Gehazu Gideon, &c., have the g hard, 
Cedrom, Cedron, Cisai, and Cittern, have the c soft, as if 
written Sedrom, Sedron, &c. The same may be observed of 
Igeabarim, Igeal, JVagge, Shagc, Pagiel, with the g hard : 
and Ocidelus, Ocina, and Pharacion, with the c soft like s. 

8. Geiitiles, as they are called, ending in iries and ites, as 
Philistines, Hivites, Hittites, &lc., being Anglicised in the 
translation of the Bible, are pronounced like formatives of our 
own, as Philistins, Whitfieldites, Jacobites, &c. 

9. The unaccented termination ah, so frequent in Hebrew 
proper names, ought to be pronounced like the a in father. 
The tt in this termination, however, frequently falls into the 
indistinct sound heard in the final a in Africa, ^tna, &.c.-, 
nor can we easily perceive any distinction in this respect be- 
tween Elijah SLndElisha : but the final h preserves the othei 
vowels open, as Colhozeh, Shiloh, Sec, pronounced Culhozee 
Shilo, &LC. (See Rule 7th p'refixed to the Greek and Latin 
Proper J\''ames.) The diphthong ei is always pronounced like 
ee : thus Sa-mei'us is pronounced as if written Sa-mee'us. 
But if the accent be on the ah, then the a ought to be pro- 
nounced like the a in father ; as Tah'e-ra, Tah'pe-nes, etc. 

10. It may be remarked, tJiat there are several Hebrew prop- 
er names, which, by passing through the Greek of the New 
Testament, have conformed to the Greek pronunciation ; such 
as Aceldama^ Genesareth, Bethphage, k.c., pronounced 
Aseldama, Jenezareth, Bethphaje, <5cc. This is, in my 
opinion, more agreeable to the geiieralanalogy of pronouncing 
these Hebrew-Greek words than preserving the c and g har.'. 

Rules for ascertaining the English Quantitij of the 
Vowels i7i Hebrew Proper Names. 

11. With respect to the quantity of the first vowel in dis- 
syllables, with but one consonant in the middle, I have follow- 
ed the rule which we observe in the pronunciation of such 
dissyllables when Greek or Latin words ; (see Rule 18th pre- 
fixed to the Greek and Latin Proper Mames ;) and that is, to 
place the accent on the first vowel, and to pronoimce that 
vow-el long, as Eo'rah, and not Koi-'ah, Mo'loch, and not 
Mol'och, as Mr. Oliver has divided them, in opposition bclh to 
analogy and the best usage. I have observed the same anal- 
ogy in the penultimate of polysyllable? ; and have not divided 
Balthasar into Bal-thas'ar, as Mr. Oliver has done, but into 
Bal-tha'sar. 

12. In the same manner, when the accent is on the antepe 
nultimate syllable, whether the vowel end the syllable, or be 
followed by two consonants, the vowel is always short, except 
followed by two vowels, as in Greek and Latin proper names. 
(See Rules prefixed to these names, Nos. 18, 19,20, <fcc.) Tlius 
Jehoshaphat has the accent on the antepenultimate syllable, 
according to Greek accentuation by quantity, (see Introduction 
to this work 5) and this syllable, according to the clearest anal- 
ogv of English pronunciation, is short, as if spelt Je-hosh'a- 
phat. The secondary accent has the same shortening power 
in Othonias, where the primary accent is on the third, and the 
secondary on the first syllable," as if spelt '^■'/^-5-"^•'.:^' ; aac it 
is on these two fundamental principles of our own pronuncia- 
tion, namely, the lengthening power of the per-jltimate, and 
the shortening power of the antepenultimate accent, that I 
hope 1 have been enabled to regulate and fix many of those 
sounds which were floating about in unccitainty ; and which, 
for want of this guide, are differently marked by different 
orthoepists, and often differently by the same orthoepist. 

Rules for placing ihe Accent on Hebrew Proper Navie.<i. 

13. With respect to the accent of Hebrew v.'ords, it cannct 
be better regulated than by the laws of the Greek language, 
I do not mean, however, that every Hebrew word, which is 
Griecised by the Septuagint, should be accented exactly ac- 



9% 



IIULES FOR PRONOUNCING SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 



cording to the Greek rule of accentuation : for, if this were 
the case, every word ending in el would never have the accent 
higher than the preceding syllable ; because it was a general 
rule in the Greek language, that, when the last syllable was 
long, the accent could not be higher than the penultimate : nay, 
strictly speaking, were we to accent these words according to 
the accent of that language, they ought to have the accent on 
the last syllable, because K^hriX and Icrpai^X, Ahdiel and Is- 
rael^ have the accent on that syllable. It may be said, that 
this accent on the last syllable is the grave, which, when on 
the last word of a sentence, or succeeded by an enclitic, was 
changed into an acute. But here, as in words purely Greek, 
we find the Latin analogy prevail ; and, because the penulti- 
mate is short, the accent is placed on the antepenultimate, in the 
same manner as in Socrates, Susthenes, &c., though the final 
syllable of the Greek words I,o)Kpdrr]5y 'Zwadivris, &c,, is long, 
and the Greek accent on the penultimate. (See Introduction 
prefixed to the Rules for pronouncing Oreek and Latin Proper 
jYames.) It is this general prevalence of accenting according 
to the Latin analogy, that has induced me, when the Hebrew 
word has been Grsecised in the same number of syllables, to 
prefer the Latin accentuation to what may be called our own. 
Thus CatJiua, coming to us through the Greek KaOud, I have 
accented it on the penultimate, because the Latins would have 
placed the accent on this syllable on account of its being long, 
though an English ear would be better pleased with the ante- 
penultimate accent. The same reason has induced me to ac- 
cent Chaseba on the antepenultimate, because it is Grascised 
into Xaae(3d. But when the Hebrew and Greek word does 
not contain the same number of syllables, as Mes'o-bah, 
Meo-oj/^w, Id'u-el, iSari^og, it then comes under our own anal- 
ogy, and we neglect the long vowel, and place the accent on 
tlie antepenultimate. The same may bo observed of Morde- 
cai, from MapSo^alog. 

14. As v/e never accent a proper name from the Greek on 
the last syllable, (not because the Greeks did not accent the 
last syllable, for they had many words accented in that man- 
ner, but because this accentuation was contrary to the Latin 
prosody ;) so, if the Greek word be accented on any other syl- 
lable, we seldom pay any regard to it, unless it coincide with 
the Latin accent. Thus in the word Gede'rah, I have placed 
the accent on the penultimate, because it is Grcecised by 
TdSripa, where the accent is on the antepenultimate ; and 
this because the penultimate is long, and this long penultimate 
has always the accent in Latin. (See this further exemplifi- 
ed, Rule 18th, prefixed to the Oreek arid Latin Proper JVames, 
and Introduction, near the end.) Thus, though it may seem 
at first sight absurd to derive our pronunciation of Hebrew 
words from the Greek, and then to desert the Greek for the 
Latin ; yet, since we must have some rule, and, if possible, a 
learned one, it is very natural to lay hold of the Latin, be- 
cause it is nearest at hand. For as language is a mixture of 
reasoning and convenience, if the true reason lie too remote 
from common apprehension, another more obvious one is gen- 
erally adopted •, and this last, by general usage, becomes a 
rule superior to the former. It is true, the analogy of our own 
language would be a ru.e the most rational ; but, while the 
analogies of our own language are so little understood, and 
the Greek and Latin languages are so justly admired, even the 
appearance of being acquainted with them will always be es- 
teemed reputable, and infallibly lead us to an imitation of 
them, even in such points as are not only insignificant in 
themselves, but inconsistent with our vernacular pronuncia- 
tion. 

15. It is remarkable that all words ending in ias and iah 
have the accent on the i, v/ithout any foundation in the anal- 
ogy of Greek and Latin pronunciation, except the very vague 
reason that the Greek word places the accent on this syllable. 
I call this reason vague, because the Greek accent has no in- 
fluence on words in ael, iel, ial, &c., as laparj},, A/3(5u/X, 
BeX'iaX, k. t. X, 

Hence we may conclude the impropriety of pronouncing 
Messias with the accent on the first syllable according to 
Labbe, who says we must pronounce it in this manner, if we 
wish to pronounce it like the French with the as rotundum et 



facundum ; and, indeed, if the i were to be pronounced ia 
the French manner, like e, placing the accent on the first syl- 
lable seems to have the bolder sound. This may serve as an 
answer to the learned critic, the editor of Labbe, who says, 
" the Greeks, but not the French, pronounce ore rotundo :" 
for though the Greeks might place the accent on the i in 
Mecrtrtaf, yet, as they certainly pronounced this vowel as the 
French do, it must have the same slender saund, and the ac- 
cent on the first syllable must, in that respect, be preferable to 
it ; for the Greek i, like the same letter in Latin, was the 
slenderest of all the vowel sounds. It is the broad diph- 
thongal sound of the English i with the accent on it, which 
makes this word sound so much better in English than it does 
in French, or even in the true ancient Greek pronunciation. 

16. The termination aim seems to attract the accent on the 
a only in words of more than three syllables, as E'phra^m and 
Miz'ra-im have the accent on the antepenultimate ; but Ho- 
ro-na'im, Ram-a-tha'im, &c., on the penultimate syllable. 
This is a general rule ; but if the Greek word have the penul- 
timate long, the accent ought to be on that syllable, as Phar 
va'im, <l>aps£ju, &c. 

17. Kemuel, Jemuel, Jfemuel, and other words of the same 
form, having the same number of syllables as the Greek words 
into which they are translated, ought to have the accent on 
the penultimate, as that syllable is long in Greek ; but Emavr- 
uel, Samuel, and Lemuel, are irrecoverably fixed in the ante- 
penultimate accentuation, and show the true analogy of th* 
accentuation of our own language. 

18. Thus we see -what has been observed of the tendencf 
of Greek and Latin words to desert their original accent, and 
to adopt that of the English, is much more observable it. 
v.'ords from the Hebrew. Greek and Latin words are fixed *# 
their pronunciation, by a thousand books written expressl^^ 
upon the subject, and ten thousand occasions of using them , 
but Hebrew words, from the remote antiquity of the lau 
guage, from the paucity of books in it, from its being origia 
ally written without points, and the very different style of it 
poetry from that of other languages, afford us scarcely ani 
criterion to recur to for settling their pronunciation, whici! 
must therefore often be irregular and desultory. The Sep 
tuagint, indeed, gives us some light, and is the only star b; 
which we can steer ; but this is so frequently obscured, as t< 
leave us in the dark, and force us to pronounce according tt 
the analogy of our own language. It were to be wished, in 
deed, that this were to be entirely adopted in Hebrew words 
where we liave so little to determine us ; and that those word« 
which we have worn into our own pronunciation were to be a 
rule for all others of the same form and termmation ; but it is 
easier to bring about a revolution in kingdoms than in Ian 
guages. Men of learning will always form a sort of literary 
aristocracy ; they will be proud of the distinction which a 
knowledge of languages gives them above the vulgar, and will 
be fond of showing this knowledge, which the vulgar will 
never fail to admire and imitate. 

The best we can do, therefore, is to make a sort of compro 
mise between this ancient language and our own ; to form a 
kind of compound ratio of Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and Eng 
lish, and to let each of these prevail as usage has permitted 
tliem. Thus Emanuel, Samuel, Lemuel, which, according to 
the Latin analogy and our own, have the accent on the ante- 
penultimate syllable, ought to remain in quiet possession of 
itheir present pronunciation, notwithstanding the Greek 
E/xjuai'sJyA, 2ajU«^A, Ae/nyr/X ; but Elishua, Esarelon, Oede- 
rah, may have the accent on the penultimate, because the 
Greek words into which they are translated, EXicsi, Ecr^p^ 
Xw//, Vd^ripa, have the penultimate long. If this should not 
appear a satisfactory method of settling the pronunciation of 
these words, I must entreat those who dissent from it to point 
out a better : a work of this kind was wanted for general use : 
it is addressed neither to the learned nor the illiterate, but to 
that large and most respectable part of society who have a 
tincture of letters, but whose avocations deny them the op 
portunity of cultivating them. To these a work of this kind 
cannot fail of being useful ; and by its utility to these the au 
thor wishes to stand or fall 



PRONUNCIATION 



SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES, 



INITIAL VOCABULARY. 



*** When a word is succeeded by a word printed in Italics, 
this latter word is merely to spell the former as it ought to be 
pronounced. Thus, As'e-fa is the true pronunciation of the 
preceding word Jlc'i-pha : and so of the rest. 

*:).* The figures annexed to the words refer to the rules 
prefixed to the Vocabulary. Thus the figure 3 after Ab'di 
refers to Rule the 3d, for the pronunciation of the final i ; and 



the figure 5 after A-lns'sa-i refers to Rule the 5th, for the pro- 
nunciation of the unaccented ai .- and so of the rest. 

*^* For the quantity of the vowels indicated by the syllabi 
cation, see Nos. 18 and 19 of the Rules for Qreek and Latin 
Proper JVames. 

*^* [In a few instances, the pronunciation of Perry, or of 
Fulton and Knight, is given below. — Ed.] 



15 



AB 

A'A-LAR 

A'a-ron* 5 

Ab 

Ab'a-cue 

Ab'a-dah 

A-bad'don 

Ab-a-di'as 

A-bag'tha 

A'bal 

Ab'a-naf 9 

Ab'a-rimJ 

Ab'a-ron 

Ab'ba 9 

Ab'da 

Ab'di 3 

Ab-di'as 15 

Ab'di-el 4 13 

Ab'don 

A-bed'ne-go 

A'bel 1 

A'bel Beth-ma' a-cah 

A'bel Ma'im 

A'bel Me-ho'lath 

A'bel Mis'ra-im 16 

A'bel Shit'tim 

Ab'e-san 11 

Ab'e-sar 13 

A'bez 

Ab'ga-rus 12 

A'bi 3 

A-bi'a, or A-bi'ah 

A-bi-al'bon 12 

A-bi'a-saph 

A-bi'a-thar 

x\'bib 

A-bi'dah 9 

Ab'i-dan 

A'bi-el 4 12 

A-bi-e'zer 12 

A-bi-ez'rite 



AC 

Ab'i-gail 

M'i-gal 

Ab-i-ha'il 

A-bi'hu 

A-bi'hud 

A-bi'jah 9 

A-bi'jam 

Ab-i-le'ne 

A-bim'a-el 13 

A-bim'e-lech 6 

A-bin'a-dab 

A-bin'o-am 

A-bi'ram 

A-bi'rom 

A-bis'a-i 5 

Ab-i-se'i 

Ab'i-shag 

A-bish'a-i 5 

A-bish'a-har 

A-bish'a-lom 

A-bish'u-a 13 

Ab'i-shur 

Ab'i-sum 

Ab'i-tal 

Ab'i-tub 

A-bi'ud 

Ab'ner 

A'brara, or A'bra-ham$ 

Ab'sa-lom 

A-bu'bus 

Ac 'cad 

Ac'a-ron 

Ac'a-tan 

Ac'ca-ron 

Ac'cho 6 

Ac'cos 

Ac'coz 

A-cel'da-ma 10 

A-sel'da-ma 

A'chab 6 



AD 

A'chad 

A-cha'i-a 5 

A-cha'i-chus 

A'chan 6 

A'char 

A'chaz 6 

Ach'bor 

A-chi-ach 'a-rus 

A'chim 6 

A-chim'e-lech 6 

A'chi-or 

A-chi'iam 

A'chish 

Ach'i-tob, or Ach'i-tub 

A-chit'o-phel 

A-kiPo-fel 

Ach'me-tha 

A'chor 

Ach'sa 9 

Ach'shaph 

Ach'zib 6 

Ac'i-pha 

As'e-fa 7 

Ac'i-tho 

A-cu'a 13 

A'cub 11 

A'da 

A'dad 

Ad'a-da, or Ad'a-dah 9 

Ad-ad-e'zer 

Ad-ad-rim'mon 

A'dah 

Ad-a-i'ah 9 15 

Ad-a-li'a 15 

Ad'am 

Ad'a-ma, or Ad'a-niah 

Ad'a-mi 3 

Ad'a-mi Ne'keb 

A'dar 1 

Ad'a-sa 9 



Ad'a-tha 9 
Ad'be-el 13 
Ad'dan 
Ad'dar 
Ad'di 3 
Ad'din 
Ad'do 
Ad'dus 
A'der 1 
Ad'i-da 
A'di-el 13 
A'dm 
Ad'i-na 9 
Ad'i-no 
Ad'i-nus 
Ad'i-tha 9 
Ad-i-tha'im 16 
Ad'la-i 5 
Ad'mah 
Ad'ma-tha 
Ad'na 9 
Ad'nah 9 
Ad'o-nai|| 5 
Ad-o-ni'as 15 
A-do-ni-be'zek 
Ad-o-ni'jah 15 
A-don'i-kam 
A-don-i'ram 
A-don-i-ze'dek 
A-do'ra 9 
Ad-o-ra'im 16 
A-do'ram 
A-dram'e-lech 
A'dri-a 2 9 1 
A'dri-el 13 
A-du'el 13 
A-dul'lam 
A-dum'mim 
A-e-di'as 15 
iE'gypt 



11 



AH 

iE-ne'as. — Virgil. 

-(E'ne-asir.— Acta ! 

^'non 

^'nos 

Ag'a-ba 

Ag'a-bus 

A'gag 1 

A'gag-ite 

A'gar 

Ag-a-renes' 

Ag'e-e 7 

Ag-ge'us 7 

Ag-noth-ta'bor 

A'gur 

A'hab 

A-har ah 9 

A-har'al 

A-has'a-i 5 

A-has-u-e'rus 

A-ha'va 

A'haz 

A-haz'a-i 5 

A-ha-zi'; 

Ah'ban 

A'her 

A'hi 3 

A-hi'ah 

A-hi'am 

A-hi-e'zer 

A-hi'hud 

A-hi'jah 

A-hi'kam 

A-hi'lud 

A-him'a-az 

A-hi'man 

A-him'e-lech 

A-liim' e-lek 

A-hi'moth 

A-hin'a-dab 

A-hin'o-am 



15 



* Aaron. — This is a word of three syllables in Labbe, who 
says it is used to be pronounced with the accent on the penul- 
timate ; but the general pronunciation of this word in English 
is in two syllables, with the accent on the first, and as if writ- 
ten A'ron. Milton uniformly gives it this syllabication and 
accent : 

" Till by two brethren (those two brethren call 
Moses and Aaron) sent from God to claim 
His people from inthralment." 

Par. Lost, b. xii. v. 170. 
t [A-baina.—P.] 

X Abarim. — This and some other words are decided in their 
accentuation by Milton in the following verses : 
" From Aroar to Nebo, and the wild 
Of southmost Abatim in Hesebon, 
And Horonaim, Seon's realm, beyond 
The flowery dale of Sibmaclad with vines, 
And Eleale to th' Asphaltic pool." 

Par. Lost, b. i. v. 407. 

« Yet his temple high 

Rear'd in Azotus, dreaded through the coast 



Of Palestine, in Gath and Ascalon, 

And Accaron and Gaza's frontier bounds.' 



■iJ.463. 



$ Abram, or Abraham. — The first name, of two syllables, 
was the patriarch's original name, but God increased it to 
the second, of three syllables, as a pledge of an increase in 
blessing. The latter name, however, from the feebleness of 
the h in our pronunciation of it, and from the absence of the 
accent, is liable to such a hiatus, from the proximity of two 
similar vowels, that, in the most solenm pronunciation, we 
seldom hear this name extended to three syllables. Milton 
has but once pronounced it in this manner, but has six times 
made it only two syllables ; and this may be looked upon as 
the general pronunciation. 

II Adonai.—Labho, says his editor, makes this a word of 
three syllables only ; which, if once admitted, why, says he, 
should he dissolve the Hebrew diphthong in Sadai, Sina'i, Tol- 
mai, &c., and at the same time make two syllables of the diph- 
thong in Casleu, which are commonly united into one ? la 
this, says he, he is inconsistent with himself —See Siitai. 

If [wgB-nc'as.— P.] 



998 



SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 



AM 

A-hi'o 

A-hi'ra 9 

A-hi'ram 

A-hi'ram-ites 8 

i\-his'a-mach 6 

A-hish'a-hur 

A-bi'sham 

A-hi'shar 

A-hi'tob 

A-hit'o-phel 

A-hi'tub 

A-hi'ud 

Ah'lah 

Ah'lai 5 

A-lio'e, or A-ho'ab 

A-ho'ite 8 

A-ho'lah 

A-hol'ba 

A-hol'bah 

A-ho'li-ab 

A-hol'i-bah 9 

A-ho-lib'a-mah 

A-hu'ma-i 5 

A-lm'zam 

A-huz'zah 

A'i 3 

A-i'ah 15 

A-i'ath 

Ai'ja 

A-i'jah 

Ai'ja-lon 

Ad'ja-lon 

Aij'e-leth Sha'har 

cdd'je-leth 

A'in 5 

A-i'oth 

A-i'rus 

Ak'kub 

Ak-rab'bim 

A-lam'e-lech 6 

Al'a-meth 

Al'a-moth 

Al'ci-mus 

Al'e-ma 

A-le'meth 

Al-ex-an'dri-a 

Al-ex-an'dri-on 

Al-le-lu'jah 

M-lc-lu'yah 5 

A-li'ah 

A-li'an 

Al'lom 

Al'lon Bac'hutli 

Al-mo'dad 

Al'mon Dib-la-tha'im 15 

Al'na-than 

A'loth 

Al'pha 

Al-phe'u3 

Al-ta-ne'us 

Al-tas'chith 6 

Al'te-kon 

Al'vah, or Al'van 

A'lush 

A'mad 

A-mad'a-tha 

A-mad''a-thus 



AN 
A'mal 
A-mal'da 
Am'a-lek 
Am'a-lek-ites 8 
A' man 
Am'a-na 
Am-a-ri'ah 15 
Am'a-sa 
A-mas'a-i 5 
Am-a-shi'ah 15 
Am-a-the'is 
Am'a-this 
Am-a-zi'ah 
A'men'* 
A'mi 3 
A-inin'a-dab 
A-mit'tai 5 
A-miz'a-bad 
Am'mah 
Am-mad'a-tha 
Ai^'n>\ 3 
Am-mid'i-oi 4 
Am'mi-el 4 
Am-mi'hud 
Am-i-shad'da-i 5 
Am'mon 
Ain'mon-ites 
Am non 
A'mok 
A'mon 
Am'o-rites 8 
A'mos 
Am'pli-as 
Am'ram 
Am'ram-jtes 8 
Am'ran 
Am'ra-pliel 
Am'zi 3 
A'nab 
An'a-el 11 
A'nah 

An-a-ha'rath 
An-a-i'ah 5 15 
A'nak 
An'a-kims 
An'a-mim 
A-nam'e-lech 6 
A'nan 
An-a'ni 
An-a-ni'ah 15 
An-a-ni'as 
A-nan'i-el 13 
A'nath 
A-nath'e-maf 
An'a-thoth 
An'a-thotb-ite 8 
An 'drew 
A'nem, or A'nen 
A'ner 
A'nes 
A'neth 
A'ni-am 
A'nim 
An'na 9 
An'na-as 
An'nas 
An-nu'us 13 



AR 

An-ti-lib'a-nus 

An'ti-och 6 

An-ti'o-chis 

An-T,i'o-chns 

An'ti-pas 

An-tip'a-tris 

An'ti-pha 

An-to'ni-a 

An-to-thi'jah 15 

An'toth-ite 8 

A'nub 

A'nas 

Ap-a-me'a 

Aph-a ra'im 16 

A-phar'sath-chiteg 

A-phar 'sites 8 

A'phek 

A-phe'kah 

A-pher'e-ma 

A-pher'ra 

A-phi'ali 15 

Aph'rah 

Aph'ses 

A-pOc'a-lypse 

A-poc'ry-pha 

A-pol'los 

A-pol'Iy-on 

A-poVyon 

Ap'pa-im 15 

Ap'phi-a 3 

ApU'c-a 

Ap'phus 

Aph'us 

Aq'ui-la 

Ar 

A'ra 

A'rab 

Ar'a-bah 

Ar-a-bat'ti-ne 

A-ra'bi-a 

A'rad 

A'rad-ite 8 

Ar'a-dus 

A rah 1 

A'ram 

A'ran 

Ar'a-rat 

A-rau'nah 

Ar'ba, or Ar'bah 

Ar'bal 

Ar-bat'tis 

Ar-be'la (in Syria) 

Ar-bel'Ia 

Ar'bite 8 

Ar-bo'nai 5 

Ar-che-]a'u3 

Ar-ches'tra-tus 

Ar'che-vites 8 

Ar'chi 3 

Ar-chi-at'a-roth 

Ar-chip'pus 

Arch'ites 8 

Ard 

Ar'dath 

Ard'ites 8 

Ar'don 

A-re'li 3 



AS 

A-re'Iites 

A-re-op'a-glte 8 

A-re-op'a-gusJ 

A' res 

Ar-e'tas 

A-re'us 

Ar'gob 

Ar'gol 

A-rid'a-i 5 

A-rid'a-tha 

A-ri'eh 9 

A'ri-el 4 12 

Ar-i-ma-the'a 

A'ri-och 4 

A-ris'a-i 5 

Ar-is-to-bu'lus 

Ark'ites 

Ar-ma-ged'don 

Ar-mi-shad'a-i 

Ar'mon 

Ar'nan 

Ar'ne-pher 

Ar'non 

A'rod 

Ar'o-di 3 

Ar'o-er 

A'rom 

Ar'pad, or Ar'phad 

Ar'sa-ces 

Ar-phax'ad 

Ar'te-mas 

Ar'u-both 

A-ru'mah 13 

Ar'vad 

Ar'vad-ites 8 

Ar'za 

A'sa 

As-a-di'as 

As'a-el 13 

As'a-hel 

As-a-i'ah 5 

As'a-na 

A'saph 

As'a-phar 

As'a-ra 

A-sar'eel 13 

As-a-re'lah 

As-baz'a-reth 

As'ca-lon 

A-se'aa 

As-e-bi'a 

A-seb-e-bi'a 15 

As'e-nath 

A'ser 

A-se'rar 

Ash-a-bi'ah 15 

A'shan 

Ash'be-a 

Ash'bel 

Ash'bel-ites S 

Ash'dod 

Ash'doth-ites 8 

Ash'doth Pis'gah 

A'she-an 

Ash'er 

Ash'i-math 

Ash'ke-naz 



AV 

Ash'nah 

A'shon 

Ash'pe-naz 

Ash'ri-el 13 

Ash'ta-roth 

Ash'te-niDth 

Ash'ta-rotii-ites 8 

A-shu'ath 

Ash'ur 

A-shu'rim 13 

Ash'ur-iteg 8 

A'si-a 

As-i-bi'as 15 

A'si-el 13 

As'i-pha 

As'ke-lon 

As'ma-dai$ 5 

As'ma-veth 

As-mo-de'us 

As-mo-no'ans 

As'nah 

As-nap'per 

A-so'chis 6 

A'som 

As'pa-tha 

As'phar 

As-phar'a-sus 

As'ri-el 13 

As-sa-bi'as 15 

As-sal'i-moth 

As-sa-ni'a3 15 

As-si-de'ans 13 

As'sir 

As'sos 

As'ta-roth 

Ash'ta-roth 

As-tar'te 

As'tath _ 

A-sup'pim 

A-syn'cri-tu3 

A'tad 

At'a-rah 

A-tar'ga-tig 

At'a-roth 

A'ter 

At-e-re-zi'as 15 

A'thack 

Ath-a-i'ah 15 

Ath-a-li'ah 15 

Ath-a-ri'as 15 

Ath-e-no'bi-us 

Ath'ens 

Ath'lai 5 

At 'roth 

At'tai 5 

At-*^-ri'a 15 

^t'ta-lus 

At-thar'a-tes 

Au'gi-a 4 

Au-ra-ni'tis 

Au-ra'nus 

Au-te'ns 

A'va 

Av'a-ran 

A'ven 

A'v " 

A'vrms 



* Mmen. — The only simple word in the language which has 
necessarily two successive accents. 

f Anathema. — Those who are not acquainted with the pro- 
found researches of verbal critics would be astonished to ob- 
serve what waste of learning has been bestowed on this word 
by Jjabbe, in order to show that it ought to be accented on the 
antepenultimate syllable. This pronunciation has been adopt- 
ed by English scholars ; though some divines have been heard 
from the pulpit to give it the penultimate accent, which so 
readily unites it in a trochaic pronunciation with Maranatha, 
in the first Epistle of St. Paul to the Corinthians : " If any 
man love not the Lord Jesus Christ, let him be Anathema 
maranatha.^'' 

\ Areopagus. — There is a strong propensity in English read- 
ers of the New Testament to. pronounce this word with the ac- 
cent on the penultimate syllable, and even some foreign scholars 
liave contended that it ought to be so pronounced, from its der- 
ive tion from "Ap£iO? irayav, the Doric dialect for Trrjyfiu, the 
fountain of Mars, which was on a hill in Athens, rather than 
from "Apeto? rayof, the hill ofMars. But Labbe very justly do- 
spises this derivation, and says, that, of all the ancient wiiters, 
none have said that the .■ircopagus was derived from a foun- 
tain, or from a country near to a fountain ; but all have con- 
fessed that it came from a hill, or the summit of a rock, on 
which this famous court of judicature was built. Vossius 
tells us, that St. Augustine, De Civ. Dei, 1. x. cap. 10, calls 



this word pagum Martis, the Village of Mars, and that he fell 
into this error because the Latin v/ord pagus signifies a village 
or street ; but, says he, the Greek word signifies a hill, which, 
perhaps, was so called from Tiaya or nriyfi (that is, fountain), 
because fountains usually take their rise on hills. Wrong, 
however, as this derivation may be, lie tells us it is adopted 
by no less scholars than Beza, Budaeus, and Sigonius. And 
this may show us the uncertainty of etymology in language, 
and the security of general usage ; but in the present case, both 
etymology and usage conspire to place th« accent on the ante- 
penultimate syllable. Agreeably to this usage, we find the 
prologue to a play observe, that, 

" The critics are assembled in the pit, 
And form an Areopagus of wit." 
§ Asmadai. — Mr. Oliver has not inserted this word, but ws 
have it in Milton : 



-On each wing 



Uriel and Raphael Ms vaunting foe, 

Though huge, and in a rock of diamond arm'd, 

Varquish'd, Adramelech and Asmadai.^'' 

Par. Lost, b. vi. v. 365. 
Whence we may guess the poet's pronunciation of it in three 
syllables ; the diphthong sounding like the ai in daily. — See 
Rule 5, and the words Sinai and Adonai. 



I 



SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 



m 



BA 

A'viies 8 

A'vith 

Az-a-e'lus 

A'zah 

A'zal 

Az-a-Ii'ah 15 

Az-a-ni'ah 15 

A-za'phi-on 

Az'a-ra 

A-za're-el 

Az-a-ri'ah 15 

Az-a-ri'as 15 

A'zaz 

A-za'zel* 

Az-a-zi'ah 15 

Az-baz'a-reth 

Az'buk 

A-ze'kah 9 

A'zel 



Az-e-phu'rith 

A'zer 

A-ze'tas 

Az'gad 

A-zi'a 15 

A-zi'e-i 

A'zi-«1 13 

A-zi'za 

Az'ma-veth 

Az'mon 

Az'noth Ta'bo.' 

A'zor 

A-Z0'tU3 

Az'ri-el 13 

Az'ri-kam 

A-zu'bah 

A'zur 

Az'u-ran 

Az'y-mites 

Az'zah 

Az'zan 

Az'zur 



B. 

BA'AL, or Bel 

Ba'al-ah 
Ba'al-ath 
Ba'al-ath Be'er 
Ba'al Be'rith 
Ba'al-le 
Ba'al Gad' 
Ba'al Ham'on 
Ba'al Haa'an 
Ba'«} Ha'zor 
Ba'al Hor'non 
Ba'al-i 3 

Ba'al-im. — Milton. 
Ba'al-is 
Ba'al Me'on 
Ba'al Pe'or 
Ba'al Per'a-zim 
Ba'al Shal'i-sha 
Ba'al Ta'mar 
Ba'al Ze'bub 
Ba'al Ze'phon 
Ba'a-na 
Ba'a-nah 
Ba'a-nan 
Ba'a-nath 
Ba-a-ni'as 15 
Ba'a ra 
Ba'a-sha 9 
Ba'a-shah 
Ba-a-si'ah 15 



BE 


BE 


BI 


Ba'bel 


Be-el-i'a-da 


Beth-ba-al-me'on 


Ba'bi 3 


Be-el'sa-ru3 


Beth-ba'ra 


Bab'y-lon 


Be-el-teth'mus 


Beth-ba'rah 9 


Ba'ca 


Be-el'ze-bubi 


Beth'ba-si 3 


Bach'rites 8 


Be'er 


Beth-bir'e-i 3 


Bac-chu'rus 


Be-e'ra 


Beth'car 


Bach'uth Al'lon 


Be-e'rah, or Be'rah 


Beth-da'gon 


Ba-go'as 


Be-er-e'!im 


Beth-dib-Ia-tha'im 


Bag'o-i 3 5 


Be-e'ri 3 


Beth'el 


Ba-ha'rum-ite 8 


Be-er-la-ha'i-ro: 


Beth'el-ite 


Ba-hu'rim 


Be-e'roth 


Beth-e'mek 


Ba'jith 


Be-e'roth-ites 8 


Be'ther 


Bak-bak'er 


Be-er'she-ba$ 


Beth-es'da 


Bak'buk 


Be-esh'te-rah 


Beth-e'zel 


Bak-buk-i'ah 15 


Be'he-moth 


Beth-gader 


Ba'Ia-am 16 


Be'kah 9 


Beth-ga'mil 


Ba'la7n,\ 


Be'la 


Beth-hac'ce-rim 7 


Bal'a-dan 


Be'lah 


Beth-hak'ser-im 


Ba'lah 9 


Be'la-ites 8 


Beth-ha'ran 


Ba'lak 


Bel'e-mus 


Beth-hog'lah 9 


Bal'a-mo 


Bel'ga-i 5 


Beth-ho'ron 


Bal'a-nus 


Be'li-al 13 


Beth-jes'i-moth 


Bal-tha'sar 11 


Bel'ma-im 16 


Beth-leb'a-oth 


Ba'mah 


Bel'men 


Beth'le-hem 


Ba'moth 


Bel-shaz'zar 


Beth'le-hem Eph'ra-tah 


Ba'moth Ba'aJ 


Bel-te-shaz'zar 


Beth'le-hem Ju'dah 


Ban 


Ben 


Beth'le-hem-ite 8 


Ba'ni S 


Ben-ai'ah 5 


Beth-lo'mon 


Ba'nid 


Ben-am'mi 3 


Beth-ma'a-cah 9 


Ban-a-i'as 15 


Ben-eb'e-rak 


Beth-mar'ca-both 


Ban'nus 


Ben-e-ja'a-kam 


Beth-me'on 


Ban'u-as 


Ben'ha-dad 


Beth-nim'rah 9 


Ba-rab'bas 


Ben-ha'il 


Beth-o'ron 


Bar'a-chel 6 


Ben-ha'nan 


Beth-pa'let 


Bar-a-chi'ah 15 


Ben'ja-min 


Beth-paz'zer 


Bar-a-chi'as 


Ben'ja-mite 8 


Beth-pe'or 


Ba'rak 


Ben'ja-mites 


Beth'pha-ge|| 12 


Bar-ce'nor 


Ben'i-nu 


Bethifa^e 10 


Bar'go 


Ben-u'i 3 14 


Beth'phe-let 


Bar-hu'mites 8 


Be'no 


Beth'ra-bah 9 


Ba-ri'ah 15 


Be-no'ni 3 


Beth'ra-pha 9 


Bar-je'sus 


Ben-zo'heth 


Beth 're-hob 


Bar-jo'na 


Be'on 


Beth-sa'i-daTT 9 


Bar'kos 


Be 'or 


Beth'sa-mos 


Bar'na-bas 


Be'ra 


Beth 'sh an 


Ba-To'di3 


Ber'a-chah 6 9 


Beth-she'an 


Bar'sa-bas 


Ber-a-chi'ah 15 


Beth'she-raesh 


Bar'ta-cus 


Ber-a-i'ah 15 


Beth-shit'tah 9 


Bar-thol'o-mew 


Be-re'a 


Beth'si-mo3 


Bar-ti-me'us 


Be 'red 


Beth-tap'pu-a 


Ba'ruch 6 


Be'ri 3 


Beth-su'ra 14 


Bar-zil'la-i 5 


Be-ri'ah 15 


Be-thu'el 14 


Bas'ca-ma 


Be'rites 8 


Be 'thai 


La'shan, or Bas'san 


Be'rith 


Beth-u-li'a 5 


Ba'shan Ha'voth Fa'ir 


Ber-ni'ce 


Beth'zor 


Bash'e-math 


Be-ro'dach Bal'a-dan 


Beth'zur 


Bas'lith 


Be'roth 


Be-to' li-us 


Bas'math 


Ber'o-thai 5 


Bet-o-mes'tham 


Bas'sa 


Be-ro'thath 


Bet'o-nim 


Bas'ta-i 5 


Ber'yl 


Be-u'lah 


Bat'a-ne 


Ber-ze'lus 


Be'zai 5 


Bath 


Be'zai 5 


Be-zal'e-el** 


Bath'a-loth 


Bes-o-dei'ah 9 15 


Be'zek 


Bath-rab'bim 


Be'sor 


Be'zer, or Boz'ra 


Bath'she-ba 


Be'tah 


Be'zeth 


Bath'shu-a 13 


Be'ten 


Bi'a-tas 


Bav'a-i 5 


Beth-ab'a-ra 


Bich'ri 3 6 


Be-a-li'ah 15 


Beth-ab'a-rah 9 


Bid'kar 


Be'a-loth 


Beth'a-nath 


Big'tha 


Be'an 


Beth'a-noth 


Big'than 


Beb'a-i 5 


Beth'a-ny 


Big'tha-na 


Be'cher 


Beth'a-ne 


Big'va-i 5 


Bciker 6 


Beth-ar'a-bah 9 


Bil'dad 


Bech-o'rath 


Beth'a-ram 


Bil'o-ara 


Bech'ti-leth 


Beth-ar'bel 


Bil'gah 


Be'dad 


Beth-a'ven 


Bil'ga-i 5 


Bed-a-i'ah 15 


Beth-az'ma-veth 


Bil'ha, or BiFhah 



CA 

Bil'han 

Bil'shan 

Bim'hal 

Bin'e-a 9 

Bin'nu-i 3 14 

Bir'sha 

Bir'za-vith 

Bish'lam 

Bi-thi'ah 15 

Bith'ron 

Biz-i-jo-thi'ah 15 

Biz-i-jo-thi'jah 

Biz'tha 

Blastus 

Bo-a-ner'ges 

Bo'az, or Bo'oz 

Boc'cas 

Boch'e-ru 6 

Bo'chim 6 

Bo'han 

Bos'cath 

Bo'sor 

Bos'o-ra 

Bos'rah 9 

Bo'zez 

Boz'rah 

Brig'an-dine 

Buk'ki 3 

Buk-ki'ah 15 

Bui, rhymes dull 

Bu'nah 

Bun'ni 3 

Buz 

Bu'zi 3 

Buz'ite 8 



c. 



CAB 

Cab'bon 

Cab'ham 

Ca'bul. — See Bul 

Cad'dis 

Ca'des 

Ca'desh 

Cai'a-pha3 5 

Cain 

Ca-i'nan|t 

Cai'rites 8 

Ca'lah 

Cal'a-mu9 

Cal'col 

Cal-dees' 

Ca'leb 

Ca'leb Eph'ra-tah 

Cal'i-tas 

Cal-a-mol'a-Iu3 

Cal'neth 

Cal'no 

Cal'phi 3 

Cal'va-ry 

CaVva-re 

Ca'mon 

Ca'na 

Ca'na-anJ:f 

Ca'na-an-ites 8 

Can'-han-ites 

Can'neh 9 

Can'nee 

Can'veh 9 

Can'vee 

Ca-per'na-um$$ 1 

Caph-ar-sal'a-ma 

Ca-phen'a-tha 9 

Ca-phi'ra 9 



* Azaiel. — This word i3 not in Mr. Oliver's Lexicon ; but 
Milton makes use of it, and places the accent on the second 
gyllable : 

" that proud honour claim'd 

Azazel as his right ; a cherub tall." 

Par. Lost, b. i. v. 534. 
t See Canaan, Aaron, and Israel. 
X [Beel'tebub.—F. & K.] $ [Beer'sheba.—F. & K.] 
[I Bethphage, — This word is generally pronounced by the 
illiterate in two syllables, and without the second A, as if writ- 
ten Beth'page. [Perry makes but two syllables of this word, 
Bounding the A.— Ed.] 
H \BetIi-saiida.—F.] ** [Bez'a-leeL—P. F. & K.] 

ft [ Cap nan. -^T.] 



XX Canaan. — This word is not unfrequently pronounced in 
three syllables, with the accent on the second. But Milton, 
who in his Paradise Lost has introduced this word six times, 
has constantly made it two syllables, with the accent on the 
first. This is perfectly agreeable to the syllabication and ac- 
centuation of Isaac and Balaam, which are always heard in 
two syllables. This suppression of a syllable in the latter 
part of these words arises from the absence of accent : an ac- 
cent on the second syllable would prevent tho hiatus arising 
from the two vowels, as it does in Baal and Baalim, which are 
always heard in two and three syllables respectively. — See 
Adonai. [Both Perry and Fulton and Knight make but two 
syllables of this word. — ^Ed.] 

§$ Capernaum.— This word is often, but insproper^ pro- 
nounced with the accent on the penultimate 



I 



1000 



SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 



CH 

Caph'tor 
Caph'to-rim 
Caph'to-rims 
Cap-pa-do'ci-a 
Cap-pa-do' she-a 
Car-a.-ba'si-on 
Car-a-ba'ze-on 
, Car'cha-mis 6 
Car'che-mish 6 
Ca-re'ah 9 
Ca'ri-a 
Car'kas 
Car-ma'ni-ans 
Car'me 
Car'mel 
Car'mel-ite 8 
Car'mel-i-tess 
Car'mi 3 
Car'mites 3 
Car'na-im 15 
Car'ni-on 
Car'pus 
Car-she'na 
Ca-siph'i-a 
Cas'leu 
Cas'Iu-bim 
Cas'phor 

Cas'pis, or Cas phin 
Ca-thu'ath 13 
Ce'dron 7 
Cei*lan 
Ce-le-mi'a 9 
Cen'cre-a 6 
Cen-de-be'us 
Cen-tu'ri-on 
Ce'phas 
Ce'raa 
Ce'teb 
Cha'bris 6 
Cha'di-ag 
Chse're-as 
Chal'ce-do-ny 
Chal'col 
Chal-de'a 
Cha'nes 
Chan-nu-ne'us 
Char-a-ath'a-lar 
Char'a-ca 
Char'a-sim 
Char'cus 
Cha're-a 
Char'mis 
Char'ran 
Chas'e-ba 13 
Che 'bar 6 
Ched-er -la'o-mer* 
Che'lal 
Chel'ci-as 
Kel'she-as 
Chel'lub 
Che'lod 
Che'lab 
Chel'li-ans 
Chel'lus 
Che-lu'bai 5 
Cbe-lu'bar 
Chem'a-rims 
Che'mosh 
Che-na'a-nah 9 
Chen'a-ni 3 
Chen-a-ni'ah 15 
Che'phar Ha-am'mo- 

nai 5 
Cheph-i'rah 6 9 
Che'ran 
Che're-as 
Cher'eth-ims 
Cher'eth-ites 8 
Che'rith, or Che'rish 
Cher'ub Q 
Cher'u-bim 
Ches'a-lon 
Che'sed 
Chc'sil 
Che'sud 



DA 


EB 


Che-sul'loth 


Da'bri-a 


Chet'tim 


Da-co'bi 3 


Che'zib 


Dad-de'us 


Chi'don 


Da'gon 


Chil'le-ab 


Dai'san 5 


Chi-li'on 


Dal-a-i'ah 5 


Chil'mad 


Dal'i-lah 


Chim'ham 


Dal-ma-nu'tha 


Chis'leu, Cas'leu, or 


Dal'phon 


Cis'leu 


Dam'a-rig 


Cliis'lon 


Dam-a-scenes' 


Chis'lothTa'bor 


Dan 


Chit'tim 


Dan'ites 8 


Chi'un 


Dan'i-el 13 


Chlo'e 


Dan-ja'an 


Cho'ba 


Dan'nah 


Cho-ra'sin, or Cho-ra'- 


Dan'o-brath 


shan, or Cho-ra'zin 


Da'ra 


Chos-a-me'us 


Dar'da 


Cho-ze'ba 


Da'ri-an 


Christ 


Dar'kon 


Chub 6 


Da'than 


Kub 


Dath'e-mah, oi 


Chun 


Dath'mah 


Chu'sa, or Chu'za 


Da'vid 


Chush'an Rish-a-tha'- 


De'bir 


im 15 


Deb'o-raht 


Chu'si 


De-cap 'o-lis 


Cin'ner-eth, or Cin'- 


De'dan 


ner-oth 


Ded'a-nim 


Cir'a-ma 


Ded'a-nims 


Ci'sai 5 


De-ha'vites 8 


Cis'leu 


De'kar 


Cith'e-rus 


Del-a-i'ah 5 


Cit'tims 


Del'i-lah 


Clau'da 


De'mas 


Cle-a'sa 


Der'be 


Clem'ent 


Des'sau 


Cle'o-phas 


De-u'el 17 


Clo'e 


Deu-ter-on'o-ray 


Cni'dus 


Dib'la-im 16 


mdus 


Dib'Iath 


Col-ho'zeh 9 


Di'bon 


Col'li-us 


Di'bon Gad 


Co-los'se 


Dib'ri 3 


Co-los'si-ans 


Dib'za-hab, or Diz'a-hab 


Co-losh' e-ans 


Di'drachm 


Co-ni'ah 15 


Di'dram 


Con-o-ni'ah 


Did'y-mus 6 


Co'os 


Dik'lah, or Dil'dah 


Cor 


Dil'e-an 


Cor'be 


Dim'nah 


Cor'ban 


Di'mon 


Co're 


Di-mo'nah 9 


Cor'inth 


Di'nah 9 


Co-rin'thi-ang 


Di'na-ites 8 


Co'sam 


Din'ha-bah 9 


Gou'tha 


Di-ot're-phesJ 


Coz 


Di'shan 


Coz'bi 3 


Di'shon 


Cres'cens 


Diz'a-hab 


Crete 


Do'cus 


Cre'tans 


Dod'a-i 5 


Cretes 


Dod'a-nim 


Cfe'ti-ans 


Dod'a-vah 9 


Cre'she-ans 


Do'do 


Cu'bit 


Do'eg 


Cush 


Doph'kah 9 


Cu'shan 


Dor 


Cu'shan Rish-a-tha'- 


Do'ra 


im 15 


Dor'cas 


Cu'shi 3 


Do-rym'e-nes 


Cuth, or Cuth'ah 


Do-sith'e-us 


Cu'the-ans 


Do'tha-im, or Do'- 


Cy'a-mon 


than 16 


Cy-re'ne 


Du'mah 9 


Cy-re'ni-us 


Du'ra 


D. 


E. 


DAB'A-REH 9 


E'A-NAS 


Dab'ba-sheth 


E'bal i 


Dab'e-rath 


E'bed 1 



EL 

E-bed'me-lech 

Eb-en-«'zei 

E'ber 

E-bi'a-saph 

E-bro'nah 

E-ca'nus 

Ec-bat'a-na 

Ec-cle-si-as'tes 

Ec-cle-si-as'ti-ctts 

Ed 

E'dar 

E'den 

E'der 

E'des 

E'di-as 

Ed'na 

E'dora 

E'dom-ites 8 

Ed're-i 3 

Eg'lah 

Eg'la-im 16 

Eg Jon 

E'gypt 

E'hi 3 

E'hud 

E'ker 

Ek're-bel 

Ek'ron 

Ek'ron-ites 8 

E'la 

El'a-dah 

E'lah 

E'lam 

E'lam-ites 8 

El'a-sah 9 

E'lath 

El-beth'el 

El'ci-a 

El'she-a 

El'da-ah 

El 'dad 

E'le-ad 

E-le-a'leh 9 

E-le-a'le. — Milton 

E-le'a-sah 9 

E-le-a'zer 

E-le-a-zu'rus 

El-el-o'he Is'ra-el 

E-lu'the-rus 

El-eu-za'i 3 5 

El-ha'nan 

E'li 3 

E'li-ab 

E-li'a-da 

E-li'a-dah 

E-li'a-dun 

E li'ah 9 

E-li'ah-ba 9 

E-li'a-kim 

E-li'a-li 3 

E-li'am 

E-li'as 15 

E-li'a-saph 

E-li'a-shib 

E-li'a-sis 

E-li'a-tha,orE-li'a- 

E-li-a'zar 

E-li'dad 

E'li-el 13 

E-li-e'na-i 5 

E-li-e'zer 

E-Ii'ha-ba 

El-i-hae'na 5 

El-i-ho'reph 

E-li'hu 

E-li'jah 9 

El'i-ka 

E'lim 

E-lim'e-leeh 6 

E-ii-ae'na-i 5 

E-li-o'nas 

El'i-phal 

E-liph'a-leh 9 

E-li'phaz$ 

E-liph'e-let 



,-thah 



ER 

E-lis'a-beth 

El-i-s89'a8 

El-i-se'us 

E-Ii'sha 9 

E-li'shah 

E-lish'a-raa 

E-lish'a-mah 

E-!ish'a-phat 

E-lish'e-ba 

El-i-shu'a 13 

E-lis'i-mus 

E-li'u 

E-li'ud 

E-liz'a-phan 

E-li'zur 

El'ka-nah 

El'ko-shite 8 

El'la-sar 

El'mo-dara 

El'na-am 

El'na-than 

E'lon 

E'lon-ites 8 

E'lon Beth'ha-naa 

E'loth 

El'pa-al 

El'pa-let 

El-pa'ran 

El'te-keh 9 

El'te-keth 

El'te-kon 

El'to-lad 

E'lul 

E-lu'za-i 5 

El-y-ma'is 

El'y-mas 

El'za-bad 

El'za-phan 

Era-al-cu'el 17 

E-man'u-el 17 

E'mims 

Em'ma-us|| 

Em'mer 

E'mor 

E'nam 

E'nan 

En'dor 

E'ne-asIT 

En-eg-la'im 16 

En-e-mes'sar 

E-ne'ni-as 

En-gan'nim 

En'ge-di 7 

En-had'dah » 

En-hak'ko-re 

En-ha'zor; 

En-mish'pat 

E'noch 6 

E'nock 

E'non 

E'nos 

E'nosh 

En-rim'mon 

En-ro'gel 13 

En'she-mesh 

En-tap'pa-ah 9 

Ep'a-phras 

E-paph-ro-di'tU9 

E-pen'e-tU3 

E'phah 

E'phai 5 

E'pher 

E'phes-dam'min 

Eph'lal 

E'phod 

E'phor 

Eph'pha-tha 

E'phra-ira 16 

E'phra-im-itea 8 

Eph'ra-tah** 

Eph'rath 

Eph'rath-ite3 8 

E'phron 

Er 

E'ran 



* [Ched-er-la^o'mcr. — P.] 

t Deborah. — The learned editor of Labbe tells us, that this 
word has the penultimate long, both in Greek and Hebrew ; 
and yet he observes that our clergy, when reading the Holy 
Scriptures to the people in English, always pronounce it with 
the accent on the first syllable ; " and why not," says he, 
♦ when they place the accent on the first syllable of orator, 
atjditiw J and sjiccesfor ?" "But," continues he, "I suppose 



they accent them other\vise when they speak Latin " Wlio 
doubts it ? 



X [Di-o-trephies.—'P.] 



$ [EVi-phat.—P.I 



II Emmaus — This word is often very improperly pronounced 
in two syllables, as if divided into Em'maus. 



IT [E-ne'<w.— P.] 



** fSpA-ra'foA.— P.] 



SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 



lom 



GA 

B'ran-ites 8 
E-ras'tU3 
E'rech 6 
E'ri 3 

K'sa 

E-sa'i-ae 5 

E'sar-had'don 

E'sau 

Es'dras 

Es-dre'Ion 13 

Es'e-bon 

E-se'bri-as 

E'sek 

Esh'ba-al 

Esh'ban 

Esh'col 

E'siie-an 

E'shek 

Esh'ka-lon 

Esh'ta-ol 

Esh'tau-lites 8 

Esh-tem'o-a 

Esh'te-moth 

Esh'ton 

Es'Ii 3 

Ls-ma-chi'ah 15 

E-so'ra 

Es'ril 

Es'rom 

Es-senes' 8 

Est'ha-ol 

Es'ther 

Es'ter 

E'tam 

E'tham 

E'than 

]pth'a-nim 

Eth'ba-al 

E'ther 

Eth'ma 

Eth'nan 

Eth'ni 3 

Eu-as'i-bus 

Eu-bu'lus* 

Eu'na-than 

Eu-ni'ce 

Eu-o'di-as 

Eu-pol'e-mus 

Eu-ioc'ly-don 

Eu'ty-chus 

Eve 

E'vi 3 

E'vil Mer-o'dachf 

Ex'o-dus 

E'zar 

Ez'ba-i 3 5 

Ez'bon 

Ez-e-chi'as 

E«-e-ki'as 

E-ze'ki-el 13 

E'zel 

E'zem 

E'zer 

Ez-e-ri'as 15 

E-zi'as 15 

E'zi-on Ge'bar, or 

E'zi-on-ge'ber 
Ez'nite 8 
Ez'ra 

Ez'ra-hite 8 
Ez'ri 3 
Ez'ri-el 13 
Ez'ril 

Ez'ron, or Hez'ron 
Ez'ron-ites 8 



G. 



GA'AL 

Ga'ash 

Ga'ba 

Gab'a-el 13 

Gab'a-tha 

Gab'bai 5 

Gab'ba-tha 

Ga'bri-as 

Ga'bri-ei 13 

Gad 

Gad'a-ra 

Gad-a-renes' 



GE 

Gad'des 

Gad'di-el 13 

Ga'di 3 

Gad'ites 8 

Ga'ham 

Ga'har 

Ga'i-us 

Oa'yus 

Gala-ad 

Ga'lal 

Gal'e-ed 

Gal'ga-la 

Gal'i-lee 

Gal'lira 

Gal'li-o 

Gam'a-el 13 

Ga-ma'U-el 13 

Gam'ma-dims 

Ga'mul 

Gar 

Ga'reb 

Gar'i-zim 

Gar 'mites 8 

Gash'mu 

Ga'tam 

Gath 

Gath He'pher 

Gath Rim'mon 

Gau'lan 

Gau'Ion 

Ga'za 

Gaz'a-bar 

Ga-za'ra 

Ga'zath-ites 8 

Ga'zer 

Ga-ze'ra 13 

Ga'zez 

Gaz'ites 8 

Gaz'zam 

Ge'ba 7 

Ge'bal 

Ge'bar 

Ge'ber 

Ge'bim 

Ged-a-li'ah 15 

Ged'dur 

Ge'der 

Ge-de'rah 14 

Ged'e-rite 8 

Ge-de'roth 13 

Ged-e-roth-a'un 16 

Ge'dir 

Ge'dor 

Ge-ha'zi 7 13 

Gel'i-loth 

Ge-mal'li 3 

Gem-a-ri'ah 15 

Ge-ne'zar 13 

Ge-nes'a-reth 7 

Gen'e-sis 

Jen'e-sis 

Gen-ne'us 

Gk)n-u'bath 

Gen'tiles 8 

Jen'tiles 

Ge'on 

Ge'ra 

Ge'rah 9 

Ge'rar 

Ger'a-sa 9 

Ger'ga-shi 3 

Ger'ga-shites 8 

Ger-ge-senes' 8 

Ger'i-zim 7 

Ger'rin-i-ans 

Ger-rae'ans 

Ger'shom 

Ger'shon 

Ger'shon-ites 8 

Ger'shur 

Ge'sem 

Ge'shan 

Ge'shem 

Ge'shur 

Gesh'u-ri 3 

Gesh'u-rites 8 

Ge'thnr 

Geth-o-li'as 15 

Geth-sem'a-ne 

Ge-u'el 17 

Ge'zer 

Ge'zer-ites 8 



HA 

Gi'ah 

Gib'bar 

Gib'be-thon 

Gib'e-a 9 

Gib'e-ah 9 

Gib'e-ath' 

Gib'e-on 

Gib'e-on-ites 8 

Gib'lites 8 

Gid-dal'ti 3 

Gid'del 

Gid'e-on 7 

Gid-e-o'ni 3 

Gi'dom 

Gi'er Ea'gle 

Jy'er Eagle 

Gi'hon 

Gil'a-lai 5 

Gil'bo-a 

Gil'e-ad 

Gil'e-ad-ite 8 

Gil'gal 7 

Gi'loh 9 

Gi'lo-nite 8 

Gim'zo 

Gi'nath 

Gin'nc-tho 

Gin'ne-thon 

Gir'ga-shi 3 

Gir'ga-shites 8 

Gis'pa 9 

Git'tah He'pher 

Git'ta-im 15 

Git'tite 

Git'tites 8 

Git'tith 

Gi'zo-nite 8 

Glede 

Gni'dus 

J\ri'dus 

Go'ath 

Gob 

Gog 

Go 'Ian 

Gol'go-tha 

Go-]iah 9 

Go-li'ath 

Go'mer 

Go-mor'rah 

Go'pher wood 

Gor'gi-as 

Oor'je-as 

Gcr'ty-na 

Go'shen 

Go-thon'i-«l 

Go'zan 

Gra'ba 

Gre'ci-a 9 

Qre'she-a 

Gud'go-dah 

Gu'ni 3 

Gu'nites 8 

Gur 

Gur-ba'al 



13 



H. 



HA-A-HASH'TA-EI 

Ha-bai'ah 5 

Hab'ak-kuk 

Hab-a-zi-ni'ah 15 

Ha-ber'ge-on 

Ha'bor 

Hach-a-li'ah 15 

Hach'i-lah 

Hach'mo-ni 3 

Hach'mo-nite 8 

Ha'da 

Ha'dad 

Had-ad-e'zer 

Ha'dad Rim'mon 

Ha'dar 

Had'a-shah 

Ha-das'sa 9 

Ha-das'sah 

Ha-dat'tah 9 

Ha'did 

Had'la-i 5 

Ha-do'ram 

Ha'drach 6 



HA 

Ha'gab 

Hag'a-bah 9 

Hag'a-i 5 

Ha'gar 

Ha-gar-enes' 8 

Ha'gar-ites 8 

Hag'ga-i 5 

Hag'ge-ri 3 

Hag'gi 3 

Hag-gi'ah 15 

Hag'gites 8 

Hag'gith 

Ha'i 5 

Hak'ka-tan 

Hak'koz 

Ha-ku'pha 13 

Ha'lah 9 

Ha'lac 

Hal'Iul 

Ha'ii 3 

Hal-le-lu'jah 

Hal-le-lu'yah 

Hal-lo'esh 

Ham 

Ha 'man 

Ha'math, or He'math 

Ha'math-ite 8 

Ha'math Zo'bah 

Ham'math 

Ham-med'a-tha 

Ham'e-iech 6 

Ham'i-tal 

Ham-mol'e-keth 

Ham'mon 

Ham'o-nah 

Ha'mon Gog 

Ha'mor 

Ha 'moth 

Ha'moth Dor 

Ha-mu'el 17 

Ha'mul 

Ha'mul-ites 8 

Ha-mu'tal 

Ha-nam'e-el 13 

Ha' nan 

Ha-nan'e-ol 13 

Han'a-ni 3 

Han-a-ni'ah 15 

Ha'nes 

Han'i-el 13 

Han'nah 9 

Han'na-thon 

Han-ni-el 13 

Ha'noch 

Ha'noch-ites 8 

Ha'nun 

Haph-a-ra'im 15 

Ha'ra 

Har'a-dah 9 

Har-a-i'ah 15 

Ha'ran 

Ha'ra-rite 8 

Har-bo'na 

Har-bo'nah 

Ha'reph 

Ha'reth 

Har'has 

Har'ha-ta 9 

Har'hur 

Ha'rim 

Ha'riph 

Har'ne-pher 

Ha'rod 

Ha'rod-ite 8 

Har'o-eh 9 

Ha'ro-rite 8 

Har'o-sheth 

Har'sha 9 

Ha'rura 

Ha-ru'maph 

Ha-ru'phite 8 

Ha'ruz 

Has-a-di'ah 15 

Has-e-nu'ah 13 

Hash-a-bi'ah 15 

Hash-ab'nah 9 

Hash-ab-ni'ah 15 

Hash-bad'a-na 9 

Ha'shem 

Hash-mo'nah 9 

Ha'shum 

Ha-shu'pha 9 



HE 
Haa'rah 
Haa-se-na'ah 9 
Ha-su'pha 9 
Ha'tach 6 
Ha'tack 
Ha'thath 
Hat'i-ta 
Hat'til 
Hat-ti'pha 
Hat' tush 
Hau'ran 
Hav'i-lah 9 
Ha'voth Ja'ir 
Haz'a-el 13 
Ha-zai'ah 5 
Ha'zar Ad'dar 
Ha'zar E'nan 
Ha'zar Gad'dah 
Ha'zar Hat'ti-con 
Ha'zar Ma'veth 
Ha-za'roth 
Ha'zar Shu'el 
Ha'zar Su'sah 
Ha'zar Su'sim 
Ha'zel El-po'ni 3 
Ha-ze'rim 
Ha-ze'roth 
Ha zer Shu'sim 
Haz'e-zon Ta'mar 
Ha'zi-el 13 
Ha'zo 
Ha'zor 
Haz'u-bah 9 
He'ber 

Ile'ber-ites 8 
He 'brews 
He'bron 
He'bron-ites 8 
Heg'a-i 5 
He'ge 7 
He'lah 9 
He'lam 
Hel'bah 9 
Hel'bon 
Hel-chi'ah 15 
Hel'da-i 5 
He'leb 
He'led 
He'lek 

He'lek-ites 8 
He'lem 
He'leph 
He'lez 
He'li 3 
Hel'ka-i 5 
Hel'kath 

Hel'kath Haz'zu-rira 
Hel-ki'as 1£ 
He'lon 
He'man 

He'math, or Ha'math 
Hem'dan 
Hen 

He'na 9 
Hen'a-dad 
He'noch 6 
He'pher 
He'pher-ites 8 
Heph'zi-bah 9 
He'ram 
He'res 
He'resh 
Her'mas 
Her-mog'e-nes 
Her'mon 
Her'mon-ites 8 
Her'od 
He-ro'di-ans 
He-ro'di-a,3 
He-ro'di-an 
He'seb 
He'sed 
Hesh'bon 
Hesh'mon 
Heth 
Heth'lon 
Hez'e-ki 3 
Hez-e-ki'ah 15 
He'zer, or He'zir 
He-zi'a 
He'zi-on 
Hez'ra-i 5 



Eu'tnt-lHS.—P.] 



t \Eml Merio-daeh —¥.] 



1002 



SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 



HU 


IS 


JA 


JE 


JE 


Hez'ro 


Hu'zoth 


Is'u-ites 8 


Ja'i-rus Ja'e-rus 


Je-hi'el 


Hez'ron 


Haz'zab 


Ith'a-i, or It'a-i 5 


Ja'kan 


Je-hi'&-li 3 


Hez'ron-itea 8 


Hy-das'pes 


It'a-ly 


Ja'keh 9 


Je-hish'a-i 5 


Hid'da-i 5 


Hy-e'na 9 


Ith'a-mar 


Ja'kim 


Je-his-ki'ah 15 


Hid'de-kol 


Hy-men-«'us 


Ith'i-el 13 


Jak'kim 


Je-ho'a-dah 


Hi'el 




Ith'mah 9 


Ja'Ion 


Je-ho-ad'dan 


Hi-er'e-el 13 




Ith'nan 


Jam'bres 


Je-ho'a-haz 




Hi-er'e-moth 




Ith'ra 9 


Jam'bri 3 


Je-ho'ash 


Hi-er-i-e'lu8 


I. 


Ith'ran 


James 


Je-ho'ha-dah 9 


Hi-er'mas 




Ith 're-am 


Ja'min 


Je-ho'a-nan 


Hi-er-on'y-mus 


IB'HAR 


Ith'rites 8 


Ja'min-ites 8 


Je-hoi'a-chin 6 


Hig-gai'on 5 


Ih'Ie-am 


It'tah Ka'zin 


Jam'lech 6 


Je-hoi'a-da 


Hi'lea 


Ib-nei'ah 9 


It'ta-i 5 


Jam'na-an 


Je-hoi'a-kim 


Hil-ki'ah 15 


Ib-ni'jah 9 


It-u-re'a 13 


Jam-ni'a 9 


Je-hoi'a-rib 


Hil'lel 


Ib'ri 3 


I'vah 


Jam'nites 8 


Je-hon'a-dab 


Hin 


Ib'zan 


Iz'e-har 13 


Jau'na 9 


Je-hon'a-than 


Hin'oom i 


Ich'a-bod 


Iz'har 


Jan'nes 


Je-ho'ram ^ 


Hi'rah 


I-co'ni-iun 


Iz'har-ite 8 


Ja-no'ah 9 


Je-ho-shab'e-ath 


Hi'ram 


Id'a-lan 9 


Iz-ra-hi'ah 15 


Ja-no'hah 9 


Je-hosh'a-phat 12 


Hir-ca'nus 


Id'bash 


Iz'ra-hite 


Ja'num 


Je-hosh'e-ba 


His-ki'jah 15 


Id'do 


Iz-ra-i'ah.orls-ra-i'ah 9 


Ja'phet 


Je-hosh'u-a 


Hit'tites 8 


Id'u-el 13 


Iz're-el 13 


Ja'pheth 


Je-ho'vah 


Hi'vites 8 


Id-u-mae'a 9 


Iz'ri 3 


Ja-phi'ah 15 


Je-ho'vab Ji'reth 


Ho'ba, or Ho'bah 


ld-u-ma3'ans 


Iz'rites 8 


Japh'let 


Je-ho'vah Nis'si 


Ho'oab 


I'gal 




Japh'le-ti 3 


Je-ho'vah Shal'lom 


Hod 


Ig-da-li'ah 15 




Ja'pho 


Je-ho'vah Sham'mah 




Hod-a-i'ah 15 


Ig-e-ab'a-rim "* 




Jar 


Je-ho'vah Tsid'ke-nu 


Hod-a-vi'ah 15 


Ig'e-al 7 


J. 


Ja'raK 9 


Je-hoz'a-bad 


Ho'dish 


I'jon 




Ja'reb 


Je'hu 


Ho-de'va 9 


Ik'kesh 


JA'A-KAN 


Ja'red 


Je-hub'bah 


Ho-de'vah 9 


I'lai 5 


Ja-ak'o-bah 9 


Jar-e-si'ah 15 


Je'hu-cal 


Ho-di'ah 15 


Im 


Ja-a'la 


Jar'ha 9 


Je'hud 


Ho-di'jah 15 


Im'Iah 9 


Ja-a'lah 9 


Ja'rib 


Je-hu'di 3 13 


Hog'lah 


Im'mah 9 


Ja-a'lam 


Jar'muth 


Je-hu-di'jah 15 


Ho'ham 


Im-man'u-cl 17 


Ja'a-nai 5 


Ja-ro'ah 9 


Je'hush 


Ho'len 


Irn'mer 


Ja-ar-e-or'a-gin 


Jas'a-el 13 


Je-i'el 


Hol-o-fer'nes 


Im'na, or Im'nah 


Ja-as-a-ni'a 


Ja'shem 


Je-kab'ze-el 13 


Ho'lon 


Im'rah 


Ja'a-sau 


Ja'shen 


Jek-a-me'am 


Ho'man, or He'man 


Im'ri 3 


Ja-a'si-el 13 


Ja'sher 


Jek-a-mi'ah 15 


Ho'mer 


I-ota 9 


Ja-a'zah 9 


Ja-sho'be-am 


Je~ku'thi-el 13 


Hoph'ni 3 


Iph-«-dei'ah 15 


Ja-az-a-ni'ali 15 


Jash'ub 


Jem'i-mat 


Hoph'rah 


Ir 


Ja-a'zar 


Jash'u-bi Le'hem 


Jem-u'el 17 


Hor 


I'ra 


Ja-a-zi'ah 15 


Jash'ub-ites 8 


Jeph'thah 


Ho'ram 


I'rad 


Ja-a'zi-el 13 


Ja'si-el 13 


Je-phun'neh 


Ho'reb 


I'ram 


Ja'bal 


Ja-su'bus 


Je'rah, 


Ho 'rem 


I'ri 3 


Jab'bok 


Ja'tal 


Je-rahm'e-el 13 


Hor-a-gid'dad 
Ho'ri 3 


I-ri'jah 15 


Ja'besh 


Jath'ni-el 13 


Je-rahm'e-el-ites 


Ir'na-hasb 


Ja'bez 


Jattir 


Jer'e-chus 6 


Ho'rims 


I'ron 


Ja'bin 


Ja'van 


Je'red 


Ho'rites 8 


Ir'pe-el 73 


Jab'ne-el 13 


Ja'zar 


Jer'e-mai 5 


Hor'mah 


Ir-she'mish 


Jab'neh 9 


Ja'zer 


Jer-e-mi'ah 15 


Hor-o-na'im 15 


I'ru 


Ja'chan 


Ja'zi-el 13 


Jer'e-rooth 


Hor'o-Tiites 8 


I'sa-ac 


Ja'cliin 


Ja'ziz 


Jer'e-mouth 


Ho'sa, or Has'ah 


I'zak 


Ja'chin-ites 8 


Je'a-rim 


Je-ri'ah 15 


Ho-san'na 


I-sai'ah 5 


Ja'cob 


Je-at'e-rai 5 


Jer'i-bai 5 


Ho-se'a 9 


Is'cah 


Ja-cu bus 13 


Je-ber-€-chi'ah 15 


Jer'i-cho 6 


Ho-ze'a 


I?-car'i-ot 


Ja'da 


Je'bus 


Je'ri-el 13 


Hosh-a-i'ah 15 


Is da-el 13 


Jad-du'a 9 


Je-bu'si 3 


Je-ri'jah 15 


Hosh'a-ma 


Ish'bah 9 


Ja'don 


Jeb'u-sites 8 


Jer'i-moth 


Ho-she'a 8 


Ish'bak 


Ja'el 


Jec-a-rai'ah 15 


Je'ri-oth 


Ho'tham 


Ish'bi Be'nob 


Ja'gur 


JecKHli'ah 15 


Jer'o-doa 


Ho'than 


Ish'bo-sheth 


Jah 


Jec-o-ni'ah 15 


Jer'o-ham 


Ho'thir 


I'shi 3 


Ja-ha'le-el 13 


Je-dai'a 5 9 


Jer-o-bo'am 


Huk'kok 


I-shi'ah 15 


Ja-hal'e-lel 13 


Je-dai'ah 5 


Je-rub'ba-al 


Hal 


I-shi'jah 15 


Ja'hath 


Jed-de'us 


Je-rub'e-sheth 


Hul'dah 9 


Ish'ma 9 


Ja'haz 


Jed'du 


Jer'u-el 17 


Hum'tah 


Ish'ma-el 13 


Ja-ha'za 


Je-dei'ah 9 


Je-rn'sa-lem 


Hu'pham 


Ish'ma-el-ites 8 


Ja-ha'zah 9 


Je-di'a-el 13 


Je-ru'sha 13 


Hu'pham-ites 8 


Ish-ma-i'ah 15 


Ja-ha-zi'ah 15 


Jed'i-ah 


Je-sai'ah 5 


Hup'pah 


Ish'me-rai 5 


Ja-ha'zi-el 13 


Jed^-di'ah 15 


Jesh-a-i'ah 5 


Hup'pira 


I'shod 


Jah'da-i 5 


Je'di-el 13 


Jesh'a-nah 


Hur 


Ish'pan 


Jah'di-el 13 


Jed'u-thuQ 


Jesh-ar'e-Jah 


Hu'rai 5 


Ish'tob 


Jah'do 


Je-e'li 3 


Jesh-eb'e-ab 


Hu'ram 


Ish'u-a 9 


Jah'le-el 


Je-e'zer 


Jesh-eb'e-ah 9 


Hu'ri 3 


Ish'u-ai 5 


Jah'le-el-ites 8 


Je-e'zor-ites 8 


Je'sher 


Hu'shah 9 


Is-ma-chi'ah 15 


Jah'ma-i 5 


Je'gar Sa-ha-du'tha 


Jesh'i mon 


Ha'shai 5 


Is-nia-i'ah 15 


Jah'zah 9 


Je-ha'le-el 13 


Je-shish'a-i 5 


Hu'sham 


Is'pah 


Jah'ze-el 13 


Je-hal'e-lel 13 


Jesh-o-ha-i'ah 15 


Hu'shath-ite 8 


Is'ra-el* 


Jah'zi-el 13 


Je-ha'zi-el 13 


Jesh'u-a 13 


Hu'shiin 


Is'ra-el-ites 8 


Jah'ze-el-ites 8 


Jeh-dei'ah 9 


Jesh'u-run 


Hu'shub 


Is'sa-char 


Jah'ze-rah 9 


Je-hei'el 9 


Je-si'ah 15 


Hu-shu'bah 9 


Is-tal-cu'rus 13 


Ja'ir 


Je-hez'e-kel 


Je-sim'i-el 


Huz 


Is'u-i 3 13 


Ja'ir-ites 8 


Je-hi'ah 9 


Jes'se 



* Israel. — This word is colloquialJy pronounced in two syl- 
lables, and not unfrequently heard in the same manner from 
the pulpit. The tendency of two vowels to unite, when there 
is no accent to keep them distinct, is the cause of this corrup- 
tion, as in Canaan, Isaac, &c.-, but as there is a greater diffi- 
culty in keeping separate two unaccented vowels of the same 
kind, so the latter corruption is more excusable than the for- 
mer ; and, therefore, in my opinion, this word ought always in 
public pronunciation, especiallyin reading the Scripture, to be 
heard in three syllables. Milton introduces this word four 
times in his Paradise Lost, and constantly makes it two sylla- 



bles only. But those who understand English prosody know 
that we have a great number of words which have two dis- 
tinct impulses, that go for no more than a single syllable in 
verse, such as heaven, given, &c.: higher and dijer are always 
considered as dissyllables ; and hire and dire, which have ex- 
actly the same quantity to the ear, but as monosyllables. 
Israel, therefore, ought always, in deliberate and solemn 
speaking, to be heard in three syllables. The same may be 
observed of Raphael and Michael, 

t [Jem-Vma.—¥. & K.] 



SCRIFrUKE PROPER NAMES. 



1003 



JO 


KI 


LU 


MA 


aiE 


Jes'n-a 13 . 


Josh'a-bad 


Kish 


Luz 


Mal'las 


Jes'u-i 3 


Jo'shah 9 


Kish'i 3 


Lyc-a-o'ni-a 


Mal'lo-thi 3 


Jb'sos 


Josh'a-phat 


Kish'i-on 4 


Lyc'ca 


Mal'luch 6 


Je'ther 


Josh-a-vi'a]] 15 


Ki'shon, or Ki'son 


Lyd'da 


Ma-mai'as 5 


Je'theth 


Josh-bek'a-sha 


Kith'lish 


Lyd'i-a 


Mam'moD 


Jeth'lah 


Josh'u-a 9 


Kit'ron 


Ly-sa'ni-as 


Mam-ni-ta-nai'mua 


Je'thro 


Jo-si'ah 15 


Kit'tim 


Lys'i-a 9 


Mam're 


Je'tur 


Jo-si'as 


Ko'a 9 


Liih'e-a 


Ma-mu'cna 


Je'ii-el 13 


Jos-i-bi'ah 15 


Ko'hath 


Lys'i-aa 


Man'a-on 


Je'ush 


Jos-i-phi'ah 


Ko'hath-iteg 


Lys'tra 


Man'a-hath 


Je'uz 
Jew'rie 


Jo-si'phus 12 
Jot'bah 9 


Kol-a-i'ah 15 
Ko'rah 14 




Man'a-hera 
Ma-na'heth-ites 8 




Jez-a-ni'ah 15 


Jot'bath 


Ko'rah-ites 8 




Man-as-se'as 12 


Jez'a-bel 


Jot'ba-tha 


Ko'rath-ites 


M. 


Ma-nas'seh 9 


Je-ze'lus 


Jo'tham 


Kor'hite 




Ma-na3'site3 8 


Je'zer 


Joz'a-bad 


Kor'hites 


MA'A-CAH 9 


Ma'neb 9 


Je'zer-ites 8 


Jcz'a-char 6 


Kor'ites 8 


Ma'a-chah 6 


Man-ha-na'im 16 


Je-zi'ah 15 


Joz'a-dak 


Ko're 


Ma-ach'a-thi 3 


Ma'ni 3 


Je'zi-el 11 


Ju'bal 


Koz 


Ma-ach'a-thite8 8 


Man'na 


Jez-li'ah 15 


Ju'cal 


Kush-ai'ah 5 


Ma-ad'ai 5 


Ma-no ah 


Jez'o-ar 


Ju'dah 9 




Ma-a-di'ah 15 


Ma'och 6 


Jez-ra-hi'ah 15 


Ju'das 




Ma-a'i 5 


Ma'on 




Jez're-el 13 


Jude 




Ma-al'eh A-crab'bim 


Ma'on-ites 8 


Jez're-^l-ite 8 


Ju-dre'a 


L. 


Ma'a-nai 5 


Ma'ra 9 


Jez're-el-i-tes3 


Ju'dith 




Ma'a-rath 


Ma'rah 9 


Jib'sam 


Ju'el 


LA'A-DAH 9 


Ma-a-sei'ah 9 


Mara-lah 


Jid'laph 


Ju'li-a 


La'a-dan 


Ma-a-si'ah 15 


Mar-a-nath'a 


Jim 


Ju'ni-a 


La'ban 


Ma'ath 


Mar-do-cho'us 6 


Jim'la, or Im'la 


Ju-shab'he-sed 


Lab'a-na 9 


Ma'az 


Ma-re'sJiah 


Jim'na, or Jim'nah 


Jus'tus 


La'chish 


Ma-a-zi'ah 15 


Mark 


Jim'nites 8 


Jut'tah 9 


La-cu'nus 13 


Mab'da-i 5 


Mar'i-sa 9 


Jiph'tah 




La'dan 


Mac'a-lon 


Mar'moth 


Jiph'thah-el 




La'el 


Mac 'ca- bees 


Ma'roth 




Jo'ab 




La'had 


Mac-ca-bas'us 


Mar're-kah 9 


Jo'a-chaz 


K. 


La-hai'roi 


Mach'be-nah 


Mar'se-na 9 


Jo-a-da'nus 




Lah'man 


Mach'be-nai 5 


Mar'te-na 


Jo'ah 


KAB 


Lah'mas 


Mach-he'loth 


Mar'tha 


Jo'a-haz 


Kab'ze-el 13 


Lah'mi 3 


Ma'chi 3 6 


Ma'ry 


Jo'a-kim. 


Ka'des 


La'ish 


Ma'chir 


Mas'chil 6 


Jo-an'na 


Ka'desh, or Ca'desh 


La'kum 


Ma'chir-ites 8 


Mas'e-loth 


Jo-an'nan 


Ka'desh Bar'ne-a 


La'mech 6 


Mach'mas 


Mash 


Jo'ash 


Kad'mi-el 13 


Lap'i-doth 


Mach-na-de'bai 5 


Ma'shal 


Jo'a-tham 


Kad'mon-ites 8 


La-se'a 9 


Mach-pe'lah 6 


Mas 'man 


Jo-a-zab'dus 


Kal ■'a-i 5 


Ld.'shah 


Ma'cron 


Mas 'moth 


Job 


Ka'nah 9 


La-sha'ron 


Mad'a-i 5 


Mas're-kah 9 


Jole 


Ka-re'ah 9 


Las'the-nes 


Ma-di'a-bun 


Ma'sa 9 


Jo'bab 


Kar'ka-a 9 


Laz'a rug 


Ma-di'ah 15 


Mas'sah 9 


Joch'e-bed 6 


Kar'kor 


Le'ah 9 


Ma'di-an 


Mas-si'as 15 


Jo'da 9 


Kar'na-im 16 


Leb'a-nah 9 


Mad-man'nah 


Ma tred 


Jo'ed 


Kar'tan 


Leb'a-non 


Ma'don 


Ma'tri 3 


Jo'el 


Kar'tah 9 


Leb'a-oth 


Ma-e'lus 13 


Mat 'tan 


Jo-e'lah 9 


Ke'dar 


Leb-be'us* 13 


Mag'bish 


Mat'tan-nah 


Jo-e'zer 


Ked'e-mah 9 


Le-bo'nah 9 


Mag'da-la 9 


Mat-tan-i'ah 


Jog'be-ah 


Ked'e-moth 


Le'chah 


Maff'da-len 


Mat'ta-tha 


Jog'li 


Ka'desh 


Le'ha-bim 


Mag-da-le'ne 


Mat-ta-thi'as 


Jo'ha 9 


Ke-hel'a-thah 9 


Le'hi 


Mag'di-el 13 


Mat-te-na'i 5 


Ja-ha'nan 


Kei'lah 9 


Lem'u-el 17 


Ma'gog 


Mat'than 


John 


Ke-lai'ah 5 


Le'shem 


Ma'gor Mis'sa-bib 


Mat'that 


Jon 


Kel'i-ta 


Let'tus _ 


Mag'pi-ash 4 


Mat -the 'las 


Joi'a-da 9 


Kel'kath-ha-zu'rim 


Le-tu'shim 


Ma'ha-lah 9 


Mat'thew 


Joi'a-kim 


Kem-u'el 13 17 


Le-um'mim 


Ma'ha-lath Le-an'noth 


Mat-thi'as 15 


Joi'a-rib 


Ke'nah 9 


Le'vi 3 


Ma'ha-lath Mas'chil 6 


Mat-ti-thiiah 15 


Jok' de-am 


Ke'nan 


Le-vi'a-than 


Ma-ha'le-el 13 


Maz-i-ti'as 15 


Jo'kim 


Ke'nath 


Le'vis 


Ma'ha-li 3 


Maz'za-roth 


Jok'me-an 


Ke'naz 


Le'vites 8 


Ma-ha-na'im 16 


Me'ah 


Jok'ne-am 


Ken'ites 8 


Le-vit'i-cus 


Ma'ha-neh Dan 


Me-a'ni 3 


Jok'sham 


Ken'niz-zites 


Lib'a-nu9 


Ma'ha-nem 


Me-a'rah 


Jok'tan 


Ker-en-hap'puch 


Lib'nah 9 - 


Ma-har'a-i 5 


Me-bu'nai 5 


Jok'the-el 13 


Ker-en-hapipuk 


Lib'ni 3 


Ma'nath 


Mech'e-rath 13 


Jo'na 9 


Ke'ri-oth 


Libnites 8 


Ma'ha-vites 8 


Mech'e-ratn-ite 3 


Jon'a-dab 


Ke'ros 


Lib'y-a 9 


Ma'haz 


Me'dad 


Jo'nah 9 


Ke-tu'ra 


Lig-nal'oes 


Ma-ha'zi-oth 


IMed'a-lah 9 


Jo'nan 


Ke-tu'rah 9 


Li'guve 1 


Ma'her-shal'al-hash'baz 


Me 'dan 


Jo'nas 


Ke-zi'a 1 9 


Lik'hi 3 


Mah'lah 


Med'e-ba 9 


Jon'a-than 


Ke'ziz 


Lo-am'mi 3 


Mah'Ji 3 


Medes 


Jo'nath E'lim Re-cho- 


Kib'roth Hat-ta'a-vah 


Lod 


Mah'lites 8 


Medi-a 


chim 6 


Kib'za-im 16 


Lod'e-bar 


Mah'lon 


Me'di-an 


Jop'pa 


Kid'ron 


Log 


Mai-an'e-as 


Me-e'da 


Jo'ra 


Ki'nah 9 


Lo'is 


Ma'kas 


Me-gid'do 7 


Jo'ra-i 5 


Kir 


Lo Ru'ha-mah 


Ma'ked 


Me-gid'don 7 


Jo'rara 


Kir-har'a-seth 


Lot 


Mak-e'ioth 


Me-ha'li 3 


Jor'dan 


Kir'he-resh 


Lo'tan 


Mak-ke'dah 13 


Me-het'a-bel 


JoT'i-bas 


Kir'i-eth, or Kir'jath 


Loth-a-su'bus 13 


Mak'tesh 


Me-hi'da 


Jo'rira 


Kir'i-oth 4 


Lo'zon 


Mal'a-chi 3 6 


Me'hir 


lor'ko-am 


Kir'jath Ar'ba 


Lu'bim 


Mal'cham 


Me-hol'ath-ite 8 


los'a-bad 


Kir'jath A'im 


Lu'bims 


Mal-chi'ah 15 


Me-hu'ja-el 13 


.'os'a-phat 


Kir'jath A'rim 


Lu'cas 


Mal'cbi-el 13 


Me-hu'man 5 


Jos-a-phi'as 15 


Kir'iath A'ri-us 


Lu'ci-fer 


Mal'chi-el-ites 8 


Me-hu'nim 


Jo'se 


Kir'jath Ba'al 


Lu'ci-us 


Mal-chi'jah 
Mal-chi'ram 


Me-hu'nims 


Jos'o-dech 6 


Kir'jath Hu'zoth 


Lud 


Me-jar'kon 


Jo'se-el 13 


Kir'jath Je'a-rim 


Lu'dim 


Mal-chi-shu'ah 12 


Mek'o-nah 9 


To'seph. 


Kir'jath San'nah 


Lu'hith 


Mal'chom 


Mcl-a-ti'ah 15 


Jo'ses 


Kir'jath Se'pher 


Lnke 


Mal'cbns 6 


iMel'chi 3 6 



* [Leb'be-us —9 1 



004 



SCRIPTURE PROPER NAJVIES. 



MI 


NA 


NE 


ON 


PE 


IMel-chi'ah 6 9 


Mii'a-min 
Mik'loth 


Na'a-rath 


Ne're-UB 


O'phel 


Jlel-chi'as 15 


Na-ash'on 


Ner'gal 


O'pher 


Mel'chi-el 13 


Mik-nei'ah 9 


Na'a-tbuB 


Ner'gal Sha-re'zer 
Ne'ri 3 


O'phir 


Mel-chis'e-dek 


Mil-a-la'i 5 


Na'bal 


Opb'ni 3 


Mel-chi-shu'a 13 


Mil'cah 9 


Nab-a'ri-as 


Ne-ri'ah 15 


Oph'rah 


Mo-le'a 


Mil'cbah 9 


Na-ba-the'ans 


Ne-tban'e-el 13 


O'reb 


Me'lech 6 


Mil'cha 9 


Na'bath-ites 8 


Neth-a-ni'ah 


O'ren, or O'ran 


Mel'h-cu 


Mil'com 


Na'both 


Neth'i-nims 


0-ri'on 


Mel'i-ta 


MiPlo 


Na'chon 6 


Ne-to'pbah 9 


Or'nan 


Mel'zar 


Mi'na 9 


Na'chor 6 


Ne-toph'a-tbi 3 


Or'phah 9 


Mem'phis 


Mi-ni'a-min 


Na'dab 


Ne-toph'a-thitea 


Orifa 


Me-mu'can 13 


Min'ni 3 


Na-dab'a-tha 


Ne-zi'ah 15 


Or-tho-si'as 15 


Men'a-hem 


Min'ni'li 


Nag'ge 7 


Ne'zib 


0-sai'as 5 


Me 'nan 


Miph'kad 


Na-ha'li-el 13 


Nib'bas 


0-se'as 


Me'ne 


Mir'i-am 


Na-ba)'lal 


Nib'shan 


O'see 


Me'nith 


Mir'ma 9 


Na'ha-lol 


Nic-o-de'mus 


O'she-a 


Men'o-thai 5 


Mis'gab 


Na'ham 


Nic-o-la'i-tans 


Os'pray 
Os'si-frage 


Me-on'e-nem 


Mish'a-el 13 15 


Na-ham'a-ni 3 


Nic'o-las 


Meph'a-ath 


Mi'sual 3 


Na-har-a-i 5 


Nira'rah 


0th 'ni 3 


Me-phib'o-sheth 


Mi'sham 


Na'hash 


Nim'rim 


Otb'ni-el 4 13 


Me'rab 


Mi'sbe-al 


Na'hath 


Nim'rod 


Oth-o-ni'as 15 


Mer-a-i'ah 15 


Misb'ma 9 


Nah-bi' 3 


Nim'shi 3 


O'zem 


Me-rai'oth 5 


Mish-man'na 


Nafha-bi 3 


Nin'e-ve 


O-zi'as 15 


Me 'ran 


Misb'ra-ites 8 


Na'hor 


Nin'e-veh 9 


O'zi-el 4 13 


Mer'a-ri 3 


Mis'par 


Nab'sbon 


Nin'e-vites 8 


Oz'ni 3 


Mer'a-rites 8 


Mis'pe-reth 


Na'hum 


Ni'san 


Oz'nites 8 


Mer-a-tha'im 16 


Mis'pha 9 


Na'i-dus 5 


Nis'roch 6 


0-zora 9 


Me'red 
Mer'e-moth 


Mis'phah 9 
]Mis'ra-im 16 


Na'im 
Na'in 


J^is'rok 
No-a-di'ah 15 






Me'res 


Mis'ro-pboth-ma'im 16 


Nai'oth 5 


No'ab, or No'e 




Mer'i-bah 9 


Mitb'cah 9 


Na-ne'a 9 


Nob 


P. 


Mer'i-bah Ka'desh 


Mith'nite 8 


Na'o-mif 3 


No' bah 9 




Me-rib'ba-al 


Milh'ri-dath 


Na'pish 


Nod 


PA'A-EAI 5 


Mer'i-moth 4 


Mi'zar 


Napli'i-si 3 


No'dab 


Pa'dan 


Me-ro'dacb 11 


Miz'pah 9 


Napb'tba-li 3 


No'e-ba 9 


Pa'dan A'ram 


Bal'a-dan 


Miz'peh 9 


Napb'tbar 


No'ga, or No'gah 


Pa'don 


Me'rom 


Miz'ra-im 16 


Napb'tu-bira 11 


No'hah 9 


Pa'gi-el 7 13 
Pa'hath Mo'ab 


Me-ron'o-thite 8 


Miz'zah 9 


Nas'bas 


Nom 


Me'roz 


Mna'son 


Na'shon 


Nom'a-des 


Pa'i 3 5 


Me'ruth 


JVffl'sOTl 


Na'sith 


Non 


Pa'lal 


Me'sech 6 


Mo'ab 


Na'sor 


Noph 


Pal'es-tine 


Me'sek 


Mo'ab-ites 8 


Na'than 


J^off 


Pal'lu 


Me'sha 


Mo-a-di'ah 15 


Na-tban'a-el 13 


No'phah 9 


Pal'lu-ites 8 


Me'shach 6 


Mock'mur 


Natb-a-ni'as 15 


No-me'ui-us 


Pal'ti 3 


Me'shech 6 


Mock'ram 


Na'than Me'lech 6 


Nun (the father of 


Pal'ti-el 13 


Me'shek 


Mo'din 


Na'um 


Joshua) 


Pal'tite 8 


Mesh-cl-e-mi'ah 


Mo'eth 


Na've 


Nym'phas 


Pan'pag 


Pflesh-ez'a-bel 
Mesh-ez'a-be-el 


Mol'a-dah 9 
Mo'lech 6 


Naz-a-rene' 
Naz-a-renes' 8 




Par'a-dise 
Pa'rah 


■ 


Mesh-il-la'mith 


Mo'lek 


Naz'a-reth 


o. 


Pa'ran 


Mesh-il'le-moth 


Mo'li 3 


Naz'a-rite 8 


Par' bar 


Me-sho'bah 9 


Mo'lid 


Ne'ah 




Par-mash'ta 


Me-sbuliarn 


Mo'loch 6 


Ne-a-ri'ah 15 


OB-A-DI'AH 15 


Par'me-nas 


Me-shul'lo-mith 


Monok 


Neb'a-i 5 


O'bal 


Par'nath 


Mes'o-bah 13 


Mam'dis 


Ne-bai'oth 5 


O'bed 


Par'nach 6 


Mes'o-ba-ite 8 


Mo-o-si'as 13 


Ne-ba'jotb 


O'bed E'dom 


Pa'rosb 


Mes-o-po-ta'mi-a 


Mo'rasb-ite 8 


Ne-bal'lat 


O'beth 


Par-sban'da-tha 


Mos-si'ah 15 


Mo'ras-tbite 


Ne'bat 


O'bil 


Par'u-ah 


Mes-si'as 15 


Mor'de-cai 5 13 


Ne'bo 


O'botb 


Par-va'im 5 16 


Me-te'rus 13 


Mo'reb 9 


Neb-u-chad-nez'zar 


O'cbi-el 13 


Pa'sach 6 


Me'theg Am'mah 


Mor'esh-eth Gath 


Ne b-u-chod-on ' o-sor 


Oc-i-de'lus 7 


Pas-dam'min 


Meth're-dath 


Mo-ri'ab 15 


Neb-u-chad-rez'zar 


Os-i-deilus 


Pa-se'ah 9 


Me-tbu'sa-el 


Mo-se'ra 9 


Neb-u-cbas'ban 


Oc'i-na 7 


Pasb'ur 


Me-thu'se-lah 9 


Mo-se'rah 9 


Neb-u-zar'a-dan 


Os'i-na 


Pass'o-ver '^ 


Me-thu'se-la 


Mo-so'roth 


Ne'cho 6 


Oc'ran 


Pat'a-ra 


Me-u'nim 13 


Mo'ses 


Ne-co'dan 


O'ded 


Pa-te'o-li 


Mez'a-hab 


Moizes 


Ned-a-bi'ah 15 


0-doiaam 


Pa-tbe'us 13 


Mi'a-min 


Mo-sol'lam 


Ne-e-mi'as 


Od-on-ar'kes 


Path'ros 


Mib'har 


Mo-sul'la-mon 


Neg'i-noth 7 


Og 


Patb-ru'sim 


Mib'sam 


Mo'za 9 


Ne-hel'a-mite 


O'bad 


Pat'ro-bas 


Mib'zar 


Mo'zah 


Ne-he-mi'ah 9 15 


O'hel 


Pa'u 


Mi 'cab 9 


Mup'pim 


Ne-be-mi'as 


01'a-mu3 


Paul 


Mi-cai'ab 5 


Mu'sbi 3 


Ne'bum 


O-lym'phas 


Ped'a-hel 13 


Mi'cha 9 


Mu'sbites 8 


Nc-husb'ta 9 


Om-a-e'rus 13 


Ped'ah-zur 


Mi'cba-el 15 


Mutb-lab'ben 


N&-busb'tah 


O'mar 


Ped-ai'ab 5 


Mi'chah 9 


Mvn'dus 


Ne-husb'tan 


O-me'ga 9 


Pc'kah 9 


Mi-chai'ah 


My'ra 9 


Ne'i-el 13 


O'mer 


Pek-a-hi'ah 


Michel 


Myt-e-le'ne 


Ne'keb 


Om'ri 3 


Pe'kod 


Mich'mas 6 




Ne-ko'da 


On 


Pel-a-i'ah 5 


J^Fikhnas 




Nem-u'el 13 17 


O'nam 


Pel-a-U'ah 




Micb'mash 




Nem-u'el-ites 8 


O'nan 


Pel-a-tiah 34 


Mich'Rie-thah 9 


N. 


Ne'pheg 


O-nes'i-mug 


Pe'leg 


Mich'ri 3 




Ne'pbi 3 


On-e-siph'o-ru!' 


Pe'let 


Midi tam 


NA'AM 


Ne'phis 


0-ni'a-res 


Pe'leth 


Mid'di-: 


Na'a-mah 9 


Ne'phish 


O-ni'as 15 


Pe'leth-ites 8 


Mid'i-aTi 


Na'a-man* 15 


Ne-phish'e-sim 


O'no 


Pe-li'as 15 


Mid'i-au-ites 8 


Na'a-ma-thites 8 


Nepb'tha-li 3 


O'nus 


Pel'o-nite 8 


Mig'da-lel 


Na'a-mites 8 


Nep'tbo-ah 


O-ny'as 


Pe-ni'el 13 


Mig'dal Gad 


Na'a-rah 9 


Nepb'tu-im 


On'y-cha 


Pe-nin'nah 


Mig'dol 


Na'a-rai 5 


Ne-phu'sim 13 


Onie-ka 


Pen'ni-nah 


Mig'ron 


Na'a-ran 


Ner 


O'nyx 


Pen-tap'o-Iis 



* [JV*a-o'»io«.— p.] 



t [JVa-o'n».— P.] 



SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 



1005 



PH 


RA 


RE 


SA 


SA 


Fen'ta-teuch 6 


Pbu'vah 


Rak'kath 


Ke-zi'a 15 


Sal'rhnh 


Pm'ta-teuk 


Phy-gel'lus 


Rak'kon 


Re'zin 


Sa'lem 


Pen'te-cost 


Phy-lac'te-ries 


Ram 


Re'zon 


Sa'lim 


Pen'te-coast* 


Pi-ha-hl'roth 


Ra'ma, or Ra'mah 


Rhe'gi-um 


rial'la-i 5 


Pe-nu'el 13 


Pi'late 


Ra'math 


Re'je-um 


Sal'lu 


Pe'or 


Pil'dash 


Ra-math-a'im 16 


Rhe'sa 


Sal'lum 




Pil'e-tha 


Ram'a-them 


Re'sa 


SaHu'moa 13 


Pe'resh 


Pil'tai 5 


Ra'math-ite 8 


Rho'da 


Sal'ma, or Sal'mah 


Pe'rez 


Pi'non 


Ra'math Le'hi 


Rhod'o-cus 


Sal'mon 


Pe'iez Uz'za 


Pi'ra 


Ra'math Mis'peh 


Ri'bai 5 


Sal-mo'no 13 


Per'ga 9 
Per'ga-mos 


Pi'ram 


Ra-me'sesf 


Rib'lah 


Sa'lom 


Pir'a-thon 


Ra-mi'ah 15 


Rirn'mon 


Sa-lo'me 13 


Pe-ri'da 9 


Pir'a-thon-ite 8 


Ra'moth 


Rim'mon Pa'reK 


Sa'lu 


Pcr'iz-zites 8 


Pis'gah 


Ra'mothGil'ead 


Rin'nah 9 


Sa'Ium 


Per'me-nas 


Pi'son 1 


Ra'pha 


Ri'phath 


Sam'a-el 13 


Per-u'da 9 13 


Pis'pah 


Ra'pha-elt 13 15 


Ry'fath 


Sa-mai'as 5 


Peth-a-hi'ah 15 


Pi'thon 1 


Ra'phel 


Ris'sah 9 


Sa-ma'ri-a, or Sam-a-ri t 


Pe'thor 


Poch'e-reth 6 


Ra'phah 9 


Rith'mah 


Sa-mar'i-tans 


Pe-thu'el 13 


Pon'ti-us Pi'late 


Raph'anm 16 


Ris'pah 


Sam'a-tua 


Pe-ul'thai 5 


Por'a-tha 9 


Ra'phon 


Ro-ge'lim 7 13 


Sa-mei'u3 9 


Phac'a-reth 


Pot'i-phar 


Ra'phu 


Roh'gah 9 


Sam'gar Ne'bo 


Phai'sur 5 


Po-tiph'e-ra 


Ras'sis 


Ro'ga 


Sa'rai 3 


Phal-dai'us 5 


Proch'o-rus 


Rath'u-raua IS 


Ro'i-mus 


Sa'mis 


Pha-le'as 11 


Pu'a, or Pu'ah 


Ra'zis 


Ro-mam-ti-e'zer 


Sam'lah 9 


Pha'leg 
Phal'la 


Pu'dens 


Re-a-i'ah 5 


Rosh 


Sam'mus 


Pu'hites 8 


Re'ba 9 


Ru'by 


Samp'sa-mes 


Phal'ti 3 


Pul, rhymes duE. 


Re-bec'ca 9 


Ru'fus 


Sam'son 


Phal'ti-el 13 


Pu'nites 8 


Re'chab 6 


Ru'ha-mah 


Sam'u^l 13 17 


Pha-nu'el 13 


Pu'non 


Re'cliab-ites 8 


Ru'mah 


San-a-bas ' sa-rus 


Phar'a-cim 7 


Pur, or Pu'rim 


Re'chab 9 


Rus'ti-cus 


San'a-sib 


Pha'ra-oh 


Put, rhymes nut 


Re'ka 


Ruth 


San-bal'lat 


Fa'ro 


Pu'ti-cl 13 


Re-el-ai'ah 5 


Rootk 


San'he-drim 


Phar-a-tho'ni 3 


Py'garg 


Re-el-i'as 36 
Ree-sai'as 5 
Re'gem, the g hard 




San-san'nah 

Saph 

Sa'phat 


Pha'rez 






Pha'rez-ites 8 




S. 


Phar'i-seea 


R. 


Re-gem'me-lcch 


Saph-a-ti'as 15 


Pha'rosh 


Re'gom 




Saph'ir 


Phar'phar 
Phar'zites 8 




Re-ha-bi'ah 15 


SA-BAC-THA'NI|| 


Sa'pheth 


RA'A-MAH 9 


Rehob 


Sab'a-othIT 


Sap-pbi'ra 9 


Pha'se-ah 13 


Ra-a-mi'ah 15 


Re-ho bo'am 


Sa'bat 


Sap'phire 


Pha-se'lis 13 


Ra-am'ses 


Re-ho'both 


Sab'a-tus 


Sar-a-bi'as 15 


Phas'i-ron 


Rab'bah 


Re'hu 


Sab'ban 


Sa'ra, or Sa'rai 5 


Phe'be 


Rab'bath 


Re'hum 


Sab'bath 


Sar-a-i'ah 5 


Phe-ni'ce 13 


Rab'bat 


Re'i 3 


Sab-ba-the'U3 


Sa-rai'as 5 13 


Phib'e-seth 


Rab'bi 3 


Re'kem 


Sab-be'us 


Sa-ram'a-el 


Phi'col 


Rab'bith 


Rem-a-li'ah 15 


Sab-de'us 


Sar'a-mel 


Ph\ lar'ches 


Rab-bo'ni 3 


Re'meth 


Sab'di 3 


Sa'raph 


Phi-le'mon 11 


Rab'mag 


Rem'mon 


Sa-be'ans 


Sar-ched'o-rius 6 


Phi-le'tus 11 


Rab'sa-ces 


Rem'mon Meth'o-ar 


Sabi 3 


Sar'de-us 


Phi-lis'ti-a 


Rab'sa-ris 


Rem'phan 


Sab'tah 9 


Sar'dis 


Phi-lis'tim 


Rab'sha-keh 9 


Rem'phis 


Sabte-cha 6 


Sar'dites 8 


Phi-lis'tines 8 


Ra'ca, or Ra'cha 


Re'pha-el 13 15 


Sa'car 


Sar'di-us 


Fi-lis'tins 


Ra'cab 6 


Re'phah 


Sad-a-mi'as 15 


Srr'dine 


Phi-lol'o-gus 
Phii-o-me'tor 


Ra'cal 


Reph-a-i'ah 15 


Sa'das 


Sar'do-nyx 


Ra'chab 6 


Reph'a-im 16 


Sad -de' us 


Sa're-a 


Phin'e-es 


Ra'chel 6 


Reph'a-ims 


Sad'duc 


Sa-rep'ta 


Phin'e-has 


Rad'da-i 5 


Reph'i-dim 


Sad'du cceg 


Sar'gon 


Phi 'son 1 


Ra'gau 


Re'sen 


Sa'doc 


Sa'rid 


Phle'gon 
Pho'ros 


Ra'ges 


Re'sheph 


Sa-ha-du'tha Je'gar 


Sa'ron 


Rag'u-a 


Re'u 


Sa'la 


Sa-ro'thi 3 


Phul, rhymes dull 
Phur 


Ra-gu'el 13 


Reu'ben 


Sa'lah 9 


Sar-se'chim 6 


Ra'hab 


Re-u'el$ 13 


Sal-a-sad'a-i 5 


Sa'ruch 6 


Phu'rah 


Ra'ham 


Reu'mah 


Sa-la'thi-el 13 


Sa'tan** 


Phut, rhymes nut 


Ra'kem 


Re'zeph 


Sal'cah 9 


Sath-ra-baz'nes 



* [The regular pronunciation, Pentecost, is now more com- 
mon.— Ed.] 

I [Ramie-ses. — P.] 

I Raphael.— This word has uniformly the accent on the first 
syllable throughout Milton, though Grfficised by 'Pa^s^A ; but 
the quantity is not so invariably settled by him 5 for, in big 
Paradise Lost, he makes it four times of three syllables, and 
twice of two. What is observed under Israel is applicable to 
this word. Colloquially, we may pronounce it in two, as if 
written Raphel ; but in deliberate and solemn speaking or 
reading, we ought to make the two last vowels to be heard sep- 
arately and distinctly. The same may be observed of JWic/tasZ, 
which Milton, in his Paradise Lost, uses six times as a word 
of three syllables, and eighteen times as a word of two only. 

$ [Reu'eL—P.] 

II Sabacthani — Some, says the editor of Labbe, place the 
accent on the antepenultimate syllable of this word, and 
others on the penultimate: this last pronunciation, he says, is 
most agreeable to the Hebrew word, the penultimate of which 
is not only long, but accented : and, as this word is Hebrew, it 
is certainly the preferable pronunciation. 

IT Sabaoth.—Tbia word should not be confounded in its pro- 
nunciation with Sabbath, a word of so different a significa- 
tion. Sabaoth ought to be heard in three syllables, by keeping 
the a and separate and distinct. This, it must be confessed, 
is not very easy to do, but is absolutely necessary to prevent a 
very gross confusion of ideas, and a perversion of the sense. 
[Fulton and Knight accent this word ^ib-a'oth.] 



** Satan. — There is some dispute among the learned about 
the quantity of the second syllable of this word when Latin 
or Greek, as may be seen in Labbe, but none about the first. 
This is acknowledged to be short ; and this has induced those 
critics who have great knowledge of Latin, and very little of 
their own language, to pronounce the first syllable short in 
English, as if written Saltan. If these gentlemen have not 
perused the Principles of Pronunciation, prefixed to the Criti- 
cal Pronouncing Di-ctionary, I would take the liberty of refer- 
ring them to wliat is there said, for full satisfaction, for what- 
ever relates to deriving English quantity from the Latin. But 
for those who have not an opportunity of inspecting that 
work, it may, perhaps, be sufficient to observe, that no ana- 
logy is more universal than that which, in a Latin word of two 
syllables, with but one consonant in the middle, and the ac- 
cent on the first syllable, leads us to pronounce that syllable 
long. This is, likewise, the genuine pronunciation of English 
words of the same form ; and where it has been counteracted, 
we find a miserable attempt to follow the Latin quantity in 
the English word, which we entirely neglect in the Latin it- 
self, (see Introduction, page 946.) Cato and Platoene instan- 
ces where we make the vowel a long in English, where it is 
short in Latin ; and caligo and cogito, where we make the a 
and in the first syllable siiort in English, when it is long in 
Latin. Thus, if a word of two syllables, with one consonant 
in the middle, and the accent on tJie first, which, accort ing to 
our own vernacular analogy, we should pronounce as we do 
Cato and Plato, with the first vowc! long : if this word, I say, 
happen to be derived from a word of three syllablea in Latin, 
with tlie first short ; this is looked upon as a good reaeoi) for 



1006 



SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 



SH 

Sath-ra-bou-za'nes 

Saul 

Sav a-ran 

Sn'vi-as 15 

Sce'va. 

Se'va 

Sche'chera 6 

Ske'kem 

Scribes 

ScytH'i-ans 

Sjjtk'i-ans 

Scy-thop'o-Iis 

Scytli-o-pol i-tans 

Se'ba 

Se-bat 

Sec'a-cah 

Sech-e-ni'a.s 15 

Se'chu 

Sed-e-ci'as 15 

Sed'e-si'as 7 

Se'gub 

Se'ir 

Se'i-rath 

Se'la 

Se'la Ham-mah-Ie'koth 

Se'lah 9 

Se'led 

Sel-e-mi'as 15 

Sem 

Sem-a-chi'ah 15 

Sern-a-i'ah 15 

Sein-a-i'as 5 

Sem'e-i 3 

8e-mel'le-u3 

Se'iuis 

Sen'a-ah 

Se'neh 9 

Sn'nir 

Sen-a-che'rib* 13 

Sen'u-ah 

Se-o'rim 

Se'phar 

'■^^ph'a-rad 

'•^H|)li-ai-va'im 16 

'.?ephar-vites 

Se-])he'la 

Se'rah 

Pe-ra-i'ah 5 

Ser'a-phim 

Se'red 

Se'rou 

So'rug 

Se'sis 

iSes thel 

Seth 

Se'thar 

Se'ther 

Sha-al-ab'bin 

Sha-al'bim 

Slia-al'bo-nite 8 

Sha'apb 

Sha-a-ra'im 16 

Shar'a-im 



SH 

Sha-ash'gas 

Shab-betn'a-i 5 

Sharh'i-a 

Shad'da-i 5 

Shd'drach 

Sha'ge 7 

Sha-haz'i-math 13 

ShaMe-Gheth 

Sha'lem 

Sha'lim 

Shal'i^ha 

Shal'lutn 

Shal'ma-i 5 

Shal'man 

Shal-raa-ne'ser 

Sha'ma 

Sham-a-rl'ah 15 

Sha'med 

Sha'mer 

Sham'gar 

Sham'huth 

Sha'mir 

Sham'ma 9 

Sham'mah 9 

Sham'ma-i 5 

Sham'moth 

Sham-mu'a 9 

Sham-mu'ah 9 

Sham-she-ra'i 5 

Sha'phara 

Sha'phaa 

Sha'phat 

Sha'pher 

Shar'a-i 5 

Sliar'ma-im 16 

Sha'rar 

Sha-re'zer 

Sha'ron 

Sha'ron-ite 8 

Sha-ru hen 

Shash'a-i 5 

Sha'shak 

Sha'ul 

Sha'ul-ites 8 

Sha-u'sha 

Sha'veh 9 

Sha'veth 

She'al 

She-al'ti-el 13 

She-a-ri'ah 15 

She-ar-ja'shub 

She'ba, or She'bah 

She'bam 

Sli8b-a-ni'ah 15 

Sheb'a-rim 

She'bat 

She'ber 

Sheb'na 

Sheb'u-e! 13 

Shec-a-ni'ah 

Slio'chem 6 

She'chem-ites 

Shech'i-nahf 



SH 

Shek'e-nah 

Shed'e-ur 

She-Jia-ri'ah 15 

She'kel 

She'lah 

She'lan-ites 8 

Shel-e-nii'ah 15 

She'leph 

She'lesh 

Shel'o-mi 3 

Shel'o-mith 

Shel'o-moth 

She-lu'rai-el 13 

Shem 

She 'ma 

Shem'a-ah 9 

Shem-a-i'ah 5 

Shem-a-ri'ah 15 

Shem'e-ber 

She'mer 

She-mi'da 13 

Shein'i-nith 

She-rulr'a-moth 

She-ma'el 13 17 

Shen 

She-na'zar 

Slie'nir 

She'pham 

Sheph-a-ti'ah 15 

She'phi 3 

She'pho 

Ske-phu'phan 11 

She'rah 

Sher-e-bi'ah 15 

She'resh 

She-re'zer 

She'shack 

She'sbai 5 

She'shan 

Shesh-baz'zar 

Sheth 

She'thar 

Sfae'thar Boz'na-i 

.She'va 

Shib'bo-leth 

Shib'mah 9 

Slii'chroQ 

Shig-gai'on 5 

Shi'on 

Shi'hor 

Shi'hor Lib'nath 

Shi-i'im 3 4 

She-i'im 

Shil'hi 3 

Shil'him 

Shil'lem 

Shil'iem-ites 8 

Shi'loh, or Shi'lo i 

Shi-lo'ah 9 

Shi-lo'ni 3 

Shi-lo'nites 8 

Shil'shah 9 

Shim'e-a 



SH 

Shim'e-ah 

Shim'e-am 

Shim'e-ath 

Shim'e-ath-ites 

Shim'e-i 3 

Shim'e-on 

Shim'hi 3 

Shi'ini 3 

Shim'ites 8 

Shim 'ma 9 

Shi'mon 

Shim' rath 

Shim'ri 3 

Siiim'rith 

Shim'ron 

Shim'ron-ites 8 

Shim'ron Me'rou 

Shim'shai 5 

Shi'nab 

Shi'nar 

Shi'phi 3 

Shiph'mite 

Shiph'ra 9 

Shiph'rath 

Ship'tan 

Shi'sha 9 

Shi'shak 

Shit'ra-i 5 

Shit'tah 9 

Shit'tim Wood 

Shi'za 9 

Sho'a 9 

Sho'ah 9 

Sho'ab 

Sho'bach 6 

Sho'ba-i 5 

Slio'bal 

Sho'bek 

Sho'bi 3 

Sho'cho 6 

Sho'choh 9 

Sho'ham 

Sho'mer 

Sho'phach 6 

Sho'phan 

Sho-shan'nim 

Sho-shan'nira E'duth 

Shu'a 9 

Shu'ah 9 

Shu'al 

Shu'ba-el 13 

Shu'ham 

Sha'ham-ites 8 

Shu'liites 

Shu'lam-ite 

Shu'math-ites 8 

Shu'nam-ite 

Shu'nem 

Shu'ni 3 

Shu'nites 8 

Shu'pham 

Shu'pham-ite 

Shup'pim 



SO 

Shur 

Shu'shan 

Shu'shan E'duth 

Shu'the-Iah 9 

Shu'thaJ-ites 8 

Si'a 1 

Si'a-ka 1 9 

Si'ba 

Sib'ba-chai 5 

Sib'bn-leth 

Sib'mah 9 

Sib'ra-im 16 

Si'chem 1 G 

Sid'dim 

Si'de 

Si 'don 

Si-gi'o-noth 7 

Si'ha 9 

Si'hon 

Si'hor 

Si'las 

Sil'la 9 

Sil'o-aj 

Sil'o-as 

Sil'o-ab, cr Sil'o-am 

Sil'o-e 9 

Si-mal-cu'e 

Sim'e-on 

Sim'e-on-ites 8 

Si'mon 

Sim'ri 3 

Sin 

Si'nai$ 5 

Si'nim" 

Sin'ites 8 

Si'on 

Siph'moth 

Sip'pai 5 

Si'rach 1 6 

Si'rah 9 

Sir'i-on 

Sis-am'a-i 5 

Sis'e-ra 9 

Si-sin'nes 

Sit'nah 

Si 'van 

So 

So'cboh 6 9 

So'ko 

So'coh 9 

So'ko 

So'di 3 

Sod'om 

Sod'om-ites 

Sod'o-ma 

Sol'o-mon 

Sop'a-ter 

Soph'e-reth 

So'rek 

So-sip'a-tcr 

Sos'the-neg 13 

Sos'tra-tus 13 

So'ta-i 5 



shortening tl>e first syllable of tho Englisn word, as in magic, 
■placid, tepid, &.C., though we violate this rule in the pronun- 
ciation of the Latin vi'ords caligo, cogito, <Slc., which, accord- 
ing to this analogy, ought to be cale-l-go, coge-i-to, &c., with 
the first syllable long. 

This pedantry, which ought to have a harsher title, has 
considerably hurt the sound of our language, by introducing 
into it too many short vowels, and consequently rendering it 
less flowing and sonorous. The tendency of the penultimate 
accent to open and lengthen tho first vowel in dissyllables, 
with but one consonant in the middle, in some measure coun- 
teracts tlie shortening tendency of two coneonantr^ and the 
almost invariable shortening tendency of the antepenultimate 
accent ; but tliis analogy, which seems to be the genuine 
operation of nature, is violated by these igncrant critics from 
the pitiful ambition of appearing to understand Latin. As the 
first syllable, therefore, of the word in question has its first 
vowel pronounced short for such miserable reasons as have 
lieen shown, and this short pronunciation does not seem to be 
general, we ought certainly to incline to that pronunciation 
Wuich is so agreeable to the analogy of our own language, and 
which is, at the same time, so much more pleasing to the ear. 

^ [Scn-ach'e.-rib.—P.] j [Sche-ki'nah.~P.] 

X Slloa. — This word, according to the present general rule 
of pronouncing these words, ought to have the accent on the 
second syllable, as it is Grsecised by SiAoja ; but Milton, who 
nr.derstood its derivation as well as the present race of critics, 
has given it the antepenultimate accent, as more agreeable to 
*he genital analogy of accenting English words of the same 
form : 



-Or if Sion hill 



Delight thee more, or Siloa^s brook, that flow'd 

Fast by the oracle of God " 

If criticism ought not to overturn settled usages, surely when 
that usage is sanctioned by such a poet as Milton, it ought 
not to be looked upon as a license, but an authority. With 
respect to the quantity of the first syllable, analogy requires 
that, if the accent be on it, it should be short. — See Rules pre- 
fixed to the Greek and Latin Proper JVames, Rule 19. 

§ Sinai. — If we pronounce this word after the Hebrew, it has 
three syllables ; if after the Greek, "Eiva, two only ; though i( 
must be confessed, that the liberty allowed to poets of increas- 
ing the end of a line with one, and sometimes two syllables, 
renders their authority, m this case, a little equivocal. Labbe 
adopts the former pronunciation, but general usage seems to 
prefer the latter: and if we almost vjniversally follow tho 
Greek in other cases, why not in this: Milton adopts the 
Greek : 

" Smg, neav n.y muse I that on the secret top 
Of Oreb or of Sinai didst inspire 

That shepherd " 

" God, from the mount of Sinai, whose gray top 
Shall tremble, he, descending, will himself. 
In thunder, lightning, and loud trumpets' sound, 
Ordain them laws." 

Par. Lost, b. xii. v. 227. 

We ought not, indeed, to lay too much stress on the quantity 
of Milton, which is oftei so different in the same word ; but 
these are the only two passages in his Paradise Lost whore 



SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 



100? 



TE 

Sta'chys 6 

Sta'kces 

Stac'te 

Steph'a-nas 

Steph'a-na 

Ste'phen 

Su'ah 9 

Su'ba 

Su'ba-i 5 

Suc-ca'ath-ites 8 

Suc'coth 

Suc'coth Be'noth 

Sud 

Su'di-as 

Suk'ki-ims 4 

Sur 

Su'sa 

Su'san-chites 6 

Su-san'nah 9 

Su'si 3 

Syc'a-mine 

Sy-ce'ne 

Sy'char 1 6 

Sy-e'las 12 

Sy-ehe 

Syn'a-gogue 

Syn'a-gog 

Syn'ti-che 4 6 

Syr'i-a Ma'a-cah 

Syr'i-oa 

Sy-ro-phe-nic'i-a 



T. 



TA'A-NACH 5 

Ta'a-nach Slii'lo 

Tab'ba-oth 

Tab 'bath 

Ta'be-al 

Ta'be-el 13 

Ta-bel'li-ug 

Tab'e-ra 9 

Tab'i-tha 

Ta'bor 

Tab'ri-mon 

Tach'mo-nite 

Tad'mor 

Ta'han 

Ta'han-ites 8 

Ta-haph'a-nes 

Ta-hap'e-nes 

Ta'hath 

Tah'pe-nes 9 

Tah're-a 9 

Tah'tim Hod'shi 

Tal'i-tha Cu'mi 

Tal'mai 5 

Tal'mon 

Tal'sas 

Ta'mah 

Ta'mar 

Tain 'muz 

Ta'nach 6 

Tan'hu-meth 

Ta'nis 

Ta'phath 

Taph^c-nes 

Taph'nes 

Ta'phon 

Tap'pu-ah 13 

Ta'rah 9 

Tar'a-lah 9 13 

Ta're-a 9 

Tar'pcl-ites 8 

Tar'shis 

Tar'shish 

Tar-shi'si 3 

Tar'sus 

Tar'tak 

Tar'lan 

Tat'na-i 5 

Te'bah 9 

Teb-a-li'ah 15 

Te'both 



TO 

Te-haph'ne-hes 

Te-hin'nah 

Te'kel 

Te-ko'a*, or Te-ko'ah 

Te-ko'itest 8 

Tel'a-bib 

Te'lah 9 

Tel'a-ira 16 

Te-las'sar 

Te'lem 

Tel-ha-re'sha 

Tel-har'sa 9 

Tel'rae-la 9 

Tel'me-lah 9 

Te'ma 9 

Te'man 

Tem'a-ni 3 

Te'man-ites 8 

Tem'e-ni 3 

Te'pho 

Te'rah 9 

Ter'a-phim 

Te'resh 

Ter'ti-us 

Tei-'she^is 

Ter-tul'lus 

Te'ta 

Tet'rarch 6 

Thad-ds'ust 12 

Tha'hash 

Tha'mah 9 

Tham'na-tha 

Tha'ra 9 

Thar'ra 9 

Thar'shish 

Thas'si 3 

The'bez 

The-co'e 

The-las'ser 

The-ler'sas 

The-oc'a-nus 

The-od'o-tus 

The-oph'i-lus 

Theras 

Ther'me-leth 

Thes-3a-lo-ni'ca§ 

Theu'das 

Thim'na-thath 

This'be 

Thom'as 

Tom' as 

Thom'o-i 3 

Thra-se'as 

Thum'mim 

Thy-a-ti'ra 9 

Tib'bath 

Ti-be'ri-as 

Tib'ni 3 

Ti'dal 

Tig'lath Pil-e'sef 

Tik'vah 9 

Tik'vath 

Ti'lon 

Ti-me'lns 13 

Tim'na 9 

Tim'nath 9 

Tim'na- thah 

Tim'nath He'res 

Tim'nath Se'rah 

Tim'nite 8 

Ti-mo'the-U3 

TiTti'o-thy (Eng.) 

Tip'sah 9 

Ti'ras 

Ti'rath-ites 8 

Tir'ha-kah 9 

Tir'ha-nah 

Tir'i-a 9 

Tir'sha-tha 

Tir'zah 9 

Tish'bite 

Ti'van 

Ti'za 

Ti'zite 8 

To'ah 

To'a-nah 



XE 


ZE 


zu 


Tob 


Xe-rol'y-be 


Ze-or'im 13 


To-biah 15 


Xya'tus 


Zeph-a-ai'ah 15 

Ze'phath 

Zeph'a-thah 


To-bi'as 15 




lo'tne (Eing.) 




To'bi-el 4 13 


Z. 


Zephi, or Zo'pho 


To-bi'jah 15 


Za'phon 


To' bit 




Zeph'on-ites 8 


To'chon 6 


ZA-A-NA'IM 16 


Zer 


To-gar'mah 


Za'a-man 


Ze'rah 9 


To'hu 


Za-a-nan'nim 


Zor-a-hi'ah 15 


To'i 3 


Za'a-van 


Zer-a-i'a 5 


To'Ia 9 


Za'bad 


Ze'rau 


To'Iad 


Zab-a-d80'ans 


Ze'red 


To'la-ites 8 


Zab-a-dai'as 5 


Zer'e-da. 


Tol'ba-nes 


Zab'bai 5 


Zer'e-dah 


Tol'mai 5 


Zab'ud 


Ze-red'a-thah 


To'phel 


Zab-de'ua 12 


Zer'e-rath 


To'phet 


Zab'di 3 


Ze'resh 


To'u 


Zab'di-el 11 


Ze'reth 


Trach-o-ni'tis 12 


Za-bi'na 9 


Ze'ri 3 


Trip'o-Iis 


Za'bud 


Ze'ror 


Tro'as 


Zab'u-lonTT 


Ze-ru'ah 13 


Tro-gyl'li-um 


Zac'ca-i 5 


Ze-rub'ba-bel 


Troph'i-mu9 


Zac'cur 


Zer-u-i'ah 15 


Try-phe'na 12 


Zach-a-ri'ah 15 


Zer-vi'ah 15 


Try-pho'sa 12 


Za'cher 6 


Ze'tham 


Tu'bai 


Za'ker 


Zo'than 


Tu'bal Cain 


Zac-che'us 12 


Ze'thar 


Tu-bi'e-ni 3 


Zak-ke'us 


Zi'a 9 


Ty-be'ri-as 


Za'dok 


Zi'ba 9 


Tych'i-cus 


Za'ham 


Zib'e-on 


Tyre, one siJLlahle 


Za'ir 


Zib'i-on 


Ty-ran'nus 


Za'laph 


Zich'ri 3 


Ty'rus 


Zalmon 


ZiWH 




Zal-mo'nah 9 


Zid'dim 




Zal-mun'nah 


Zid-ki'jah 15 






Zam'bis 


Zi'don, or Si'don 


u. 


Zam'bri 6 


Zi-do'ni-ans 




Za'moth 


Zif 


U'CAL 


Zam-zum'mims 


Zi'ha 1 9 


U'el 


Za-no'ah 9 


Zik'lag 


U'la-i 5 


Zaph-nath-p?-a-ne'ah 


Zil'lah 9 


U'lam 


Za'phon 


Zil'pbih 9 


Ul'Ia 9 


Za'ra 


Zil'thai 5 


Um'mah 9 


Zar'a-ces 


Zlm'mah 


Un'ni 3 


Za'rah 


Zim'ram, or Zirn'raa 


U'phaz 


Zar-a-i'as 15 


Zim'ri 3 


U-phar'sin 


Za're-ah 


Zin 


Ur'ba-ne 


Za're-ath-ites 8 


Zi'na 1 9 


U'ri 3 


Za'red 


Zi'on, or Si'on 1 


U-ri'ah 9 


Zar'e-phath 


Zi'or 1 


U-ri'as 15 


Zar'e-tan 


Ziph 


U'ri-elll 4 ]3 
U-ri'jah 9 15 


Za'roth Sha'har 


Zi'phah 1 


Zar'hites 8 


Ziph'i-on 9 


U'rira 


Zar'ta-nah 


Ziph'ites 8 


U'ta 9 


Zar'than 


Zi'phron 1 


U'tha-i 5 


Zath'o-e 


Zip'por 


U'thi 3 


Za-thu'i 3 11 


Zip-po'rah 13 16 


U'za-i 5 


Zdth'thu 


Zith'ri 3 


U'zal 


Zat'tu 


Ziz 


Uz'za 9 


Za'van 


Zi'za 1 9 


Uz'zah 9 


Za'za 


Zi'zah 1 9 


Uz'zen She'rah 


Zeb-a-di'ah 15 


Zi'na 1 9 


Uz'zi 3 


Ze'bah 9 


Zo'an 


Uz-zi'ah 15 


Ze-ba'im 13 16 


Zo'ar 


Uz-zi'el 13 15 


Zeb'e-dee 


Zo'ba, or Zo'bah 


Uz-zi'el-ites 8 


Ze-bi'na 


Zo-be'bah 9 13 




Ze-bo'im 13 


Zo'har 




Ze-bu'da 13 


Zo'he-Ieth 




V. 


Ze'bui 


Zon'a-ras 


Zeb'u-lon 


Zo'peth 




Zeb'u-lon-ites 8 


Zo'phah 


VA-JEZ'A-THA 9 


Zech-a-ri'ah 15 


Zo'phai 5 


Va-ni'ah 9 


Ze'dad 


Zo'phar 


Vash'ni 3 


Zed-«-ki'ah 15 


Zo'phim 


Vash'ti 3 


Zeeb 


Zo'rah 


Voph'si 3 


Ze'lah 9 


Zo'rath-itea 8 




Ze'lek 
Ze-lo'phe-ad 


Zo're-ah 9 
Zo'rites 9 




X. 


Ze-lo'tes 13 


Zo-rob'ab-el** 


Zel'zah 


Zu'ar 




Zem-a-ra'im 16 


Zuph 


XA'GUS 


Zera'a-rite 8 


Zur 


Xan'thi-cas 


Zo-rai'ra 


Zn'ri-el 13 


Xe'ne-as 


Ze'nan 


Zu-ri-shad'da i 5 


Xer-o-pha'gi-a 


Zfe'nas 


Zu'zims 



this word is used ; and, as he has mado the same letters a diph- 
thong in Asmadai, it is highly probable he judged that Sinai 
ought to be pronounced in two syllables. — See llules prefixed 
to this Vocabulary, No. 5. 

* [ Tek'o-a.—F. & K ] f [ Tek'o-ites. -F. &. K.] 

X [Thad'de-ais.—P.] § [Thes-sa-lonii-ca.—V.] 

II [U-ri'eL—P.] 

TT Zaiulont — " Notwithstanding," says the editor of Labbe, 



" this word in Greek, Za^y\u)v, has the penultimate long, 
yet in our churcheb we always hear it pronounced with tha 
acute on the antepenultimate. Those who thus pronounce it 
plead that, in Hebrew, the penultimate vowel is short ; but, 
in the word Zorobabel, Zopo^dl^eX, they follow a different 
rule 5 for, though the penultimate in Hebrew is long, they 
pronounce it with the antepenultimalo accent." 

*•*= Zoro&aM,— See Zabulo-i. 



TERMINATIONAL VOCABULARY 



SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES 



EBA* 

Jiecent the Avteptnvltimatt. 
BATHSHEBA, Elisheba, Beersheba. 

ADA IDA 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Sbaiciida. 

Accent, the Ai ttepenultimate. 
Eliada, Jehoida, Betiiaaida, Adida. 

EA EGA ECHA UPHA * 

Accent the Penultimate, 
Laodicea, Chaldea, Judea, Arimathea, Idamea, Caesarea, 
Bcrea, Iturea, Osea, Hosea, Omega, Hasupha. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Cenchrca, Sabtecha. 

ASHA ISHA USHA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Elisha, Jerusba. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Baasha, Shalisha. 

ATHA ITHA Ul'IIA 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Jegar-Sahadutha, Dalmanutha. 

Accent the Avteptnultimate. 
Ga'jatha, Gabbatha, Araadatha, Hammertatha, Parshanda- 
tha, Epbphatha, Tirshatha, Admatba, Capbenaiba, Poratba, 
Aclimetha, Tabitba, Golgotha. 

lA 

(Pronounced in two syllables.) 
AccuHt the Penultimate. 
Sfleucia,t Japhia, Adalia, Bethulia, Nethania, Chenania, 
JSazania, Jamnia, Samaria, Hezia. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Achaia, Arabia, Thracia, Samotbracia, Grecia, Cilicia, 
Cappadocia, Seleucia, Media, India, Pindia, Claudia, Phry- 
gia, Antiochia, Casiphia, Philadelphia, Apphia, IgJalia, Ju- 
lia, Parnphylia, Mesopotamia, Armenia, Lycaonia, Macedo- 
nia, Apoilonia, Junia, Ethiopia, Samaria, Adria, Alexan- 
dria, Celosyria, Syria, Assyria, Asia, Persia, Mysia, Galatia, 
Dalmatia, Philistia. 



Elika. 



IKA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 



ALA ELA ILA AMA EMA IMA 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Ambela, Arbela, Macphela. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Magdala, Aqaila., Aceldama, Apherema, Ashima, Jemima. 

ANA ENA INA ONA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Diana, Trypbena, Hyena, Palestina, Barjuna. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abana, Hashbadana, Amana, Ecbatana. 



in this selection, seo 



* For the nronu iciation of the final 
Rule the 9th.' 

\ For this word and Samaria, Antiochia . and Alexandria, 
gee the Initial Fccabidary of Greek and Latin Proper Names ; 
also Rule 3Dth, prolixed to the Initial Vocabulary. 

\ VWrda cJ t',ii« termination have the accent of the words 



OA 

Accent the Antepevultimate. 
Gilboa, Tekoa, SilUa, Eshtemba. 

ARA ERA IRA URA 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Guzara, Ahira, Sapphira, Thyat^ra, Bethsara. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Baara, Bethabara, Patara, Fotipbera, Sisera 

ASA OSA 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Cleasa, Tryphosa. 



Adasa, Amasa. 



Accent the Antepenultimate. 



ATA ETA ITA 



Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Ephphata, Achmeta, Melita, Hatita. 

AVA UA AZA 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Ahava, Klalcbishua, Elishua, Shamua, Jahaza. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Jesbud, Abishua, Joshua. 

AB IB OB UB 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Eliab, Sennacherib, Ishbi-Benob, Ahitob, Ahitub. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abinadab, Aminadab, Jehonadab, Jonadab, Chileab, Aholi 
ab, Magor-Missabib, Aminadib, Eliashib, Baalzebub, Beelze- 
bub. 

AC UC 
Accent the Antepenultimate, 
Is3.ac, Syriac, Abacuc, Kabbacuc. 

AD ED ID OD UD 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Almodad, Arphaxad, Elihud, Ahihud, Ahiud, Ahilud 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Galaad, Josabab, Benhadad, Gilead, Zelophead, Zelophe 
had, Jochebed, Galeed, Icliabod, Ammihud, Abiud. 

CE DEE LEE MEE AGE YCHE OHE ILE AME OME 
ANE ENE OE OSSE V^E 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Fhenice, Bernico, Eunice, Eielolie, Salome, Magdalene, 
Abilene, Mitylene, Cyrene, Syene, Coiosse, (Nazarene, pro- 
nounced in three syllables, with the accent on the last.) 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Zebodee, Galilee, Ptoiemee, Bethphage, Syntyche, Subile, 
Aparac, Gethsemane, Silos, Ninive. 

ITE| (in one syllable.) 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Thisbite, Shuhite, Abiezrite, Gittite, Hittite, Hivite, Bu 
zite. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Harodite, Agagite, Areopagite, Gorgashite, Morashite, Ha* 
ruphite, Ephrathite, Bethelito, Carmelite, Hamulite, Benja- 



frotn which they are formed, and on this aecoimt are sometimes 
accented oven on tlw preantepenultimate syllable ; as Bethle- 
hemite, from Bethle/iem, and so i>f otiters. Words of this ter- 
mination, therefore, of two syllables, have tire accent on ih» 
penultimate syllable ; and woids of three or more, «n the same 
syllable as their primitives. — See Rule the 8th. 



SCRIPTURE PROPER NAME3. 



1009 



nsite, NehoIamJte, Shulamite, Shnnamite, Edoniito, Teniaiiile, I Sliominith, Lapidoth, Anatholh, Kerioth Slieinlramoth, Kede- 
(iiionite, Shilonite, Horonite, Amorite, Jebusile. moth, AJiemoth, Jeriinoih, Sigionolh, Aslitatoih, Mazzaroth 

Accent the Preantepenultimate. 
Naamathite, Jezreolite, Betlilehemite, Ephraimite, (Ca- 
n&aniie, generally pronounced in three syllables, as if wriiton 
Can-an-Ue.) 



AG OG 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abishag, Hamongog. 

BAH CAH DAH EAH CHAH SHAH THAH 

Accent the Penultimate, 
Zobazibah, Makkedah, Abidah, Elisliah. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Dinhabah, Aholibali, Meribah, Abelbethm&acab, Abadab, 
Moladah, Zeredah, Jedidah, Gibtiaii, Shimeah, Zaphnath- 
Piianeali, Meachah, Borachah, Baasliah, Eliathah. 

A I AH EI AH 

{Ai and ei pronounced as a diphthong in one syllable.) 

Accent the renultiinate. 
Micaiah,* Michaiah, Benaiah, Isaiah, Iphedeiah, MSaseiah. 

(Ai pronounced in two syllables.) 
Adaiah, Pedaiah, Semaiah, Seraiah, Asaiah. 

lAH 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Abiah, Rh(3abiah, Zibiah, Tobiah, Mliadiab, Zcb.idiah, Oba- 
diah, Noadiah, Jpdidiah, Ah:ah7Pekahiah, Jezrahiah, Bara- 
cliiah, Japhiah, Bithiah, Hezekiah, Ililkiah, Zedekiah, Ada- 
liah, Gedaliah, Igdaliah, Athaliah,Hachaliah, Remaliah, Ne- 
hemiah, Shelemiah, Meshelemiah, Jeremiah, Shebauiah, Ze- 
phaniah,Nethaniah, Chenaniah,llananiah, Coniah, Jeconiah, 
felieariah, Zachariah, Zi'ohariah, Amariah, Sheniariah, Aza- 
riah, Neariah, Moriah, Uriah, Josiah, Messiah, Shephatiah, 
Pulatiah, Ahaziah, Amaziah, Asaziah, Uzziah. 

JAH 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Aijah, Abijah, Jehidijah, Ahijah, Elijah, Adonijah, Irijah, 
f obadonijah, Urijah, Hallelujah, Zerujah. 

KAH LAH MAH NAH OAH RAH SAH TAH VAH 
UAH 

Accent the Penultimate 
Rebekah, Azekah, Machpelah, Aholah, Abel-meholah, Beu- 
iah, Elkanali, Hannah, Kirjath-sannah, Harbonah, Hashmo- 
iiali, Zalmonah, Sliiloah, Noah, Manoah, Zanoah, Uzzen- 
Bherah, Zipporah, Keturah, Hadassah, Malciiishuah, Sham- 
niuah, Jehovah, Zeruah. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Marrekah, Baalah, Shuthelah, I'elmelah, Methuselah, Hach- 
ilah, Hackilah, Daliiah, Delilah, Havilah, Raamah, Aholib- 
amah, Adamah, Elishamah. Ruhamah, Loruhamah, Kede- 
mah, Asbimah, Jemimah, Penninah, Baarah, Taberah, Debo- 
rah, Ephratah, Paruah. 

ACH ECH OCH 

Accent the Penultimate, 
Meroflach, Evil-merodach. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Aliisamach, Ebed-melech, Abimelech, Ahimelech, Elime- 
lechjAlammelecli, Anammelech, Adrammelech, Regemraelech, 
Nathan-oielech, A-ioch, Anlioch. 

KEH LEH VEH APH EPH ASH ESH ISH 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Elyealeh, Elioreph, Jehoash. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Rabshakeh, Nineveh, Ebiasaph, Bethshemesh, Enshemeah, 
Carchcmish. 

ATH ETII ITH OTH UTH 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Goliath, Jehovah-jireth, Hazar-maveth, Baal-berith, Reho- 
both, Arioth, Nebaicth,! N"uioth, Moseroth, Hazeroth, Piha- 
hiroth, Mosoroth, Allon-bachuth. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Mahalath, Bashemath, Asenath, Daberath, Elisabath, Dab- 

basheth, Jerubbesheth, Ishbosheth, IMephibosheth, Harosheth, 

Zoheleth, Beclitileth, Shibboleth, Tanjiumeth, Genesareth, 

Asbazareth, Nazareth, Mazzareth, Kirharaseth, Shelomith, 



* For the pjinunciation of the two last syllables of these 
words, soo Rule 5th prefixed to Scripture Pro-per Namep. 

64 



Al 

(Pronounced as a diphthong in one syllable.) 
Accent the Penultimate, 
Cholubai, Asmadai, Sheshai, Shimshai, Hushai, Zilthaj, 
Bcrothai, TaJmai, Tolmai, j^inai, Talnai, Arbonai, Sarai, 
Sippai, Bezai. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Mordocai, Sibbachai, Chephar-Hammonai, Pi&rai. 



Al. 



(Pronounced in two syllables.) 
Accent the Penultimate. 



Accent the Antepejiultim.ate. 
Zabb'ii, Babai, Nobai, Sliobai, Subai, Zaccai, Sliaddai, Ami 
shaddiii, Aridai, H«ldai, Hegai, Haggai, Belgai, Bilgai, 
Abisbai, Uthai, Adlai, Barzill'ai, Uliii, Sisamiii, Shalmdi, 
Shauiinai, Eiireuai, Tatn'ai, Shether-boznai, Naharai, Sharai, 
Shamslier'ai, Shitr'ai, Arisai, fiastai, Bavai, Bigvai, Uzai. 

DI EI LI MI NI 01 PI RI UI ZI 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Areli, Loainmi, Talithacumi, Gideoni, Benoni, Hazeleponi, 
Philippi, Gehazi. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Engcdi, Simei, Shimiii, Edrei, Bethbirei, Abisei, Baali 
Naphtliali, Nephthali, Pateoli, Adami, Naomi, Hanani, Beer- 
lahairoi, Slehari, Haahashtari, Jesiii. 

EK UK 

Accent the Penultimate, 
Adonizedck, Adonibezek. 

Accent the Antepenultimatar. 
Mekhizedok, Amalek, Habakkuk. 

AAL EAL lAL ITAL UTAL 

Accent the Penultimate. 
BU.al, Kirjath-baal, HamutaL 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Mcribbaal, Eshbaal, Ethbaal, Jerubaal, Tabe'al, Belial 

Abital. 

AEL ABEL EBEL 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Jilel, Abel. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Gabael, Michael, Raphael, Mishael, Mehujael, Abimael, 
Ishmael, Ismael, Anael, Nathanael, Israel, Asael, Zerubba- 
bel, Zerobabel, Mehetabel, Jezebel. 

EEL OGEL AHEL ACHEL APHEL OPHEL ETHEL 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Enrogel, Rachel, Elbethel 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Tabeel, Abdeel, Japhaleel, Mahaleel, Bezaleel, Hanameel, 
Jerahmeel, Hananeei, Nathaneel, Jabneel, Jozreel, Hazeel, 
Asahel, Barachel, Amraphcl, Achitophel. 

lEL KEL 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Peniel, Uzziel. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abiel, Tobiel, AdicI, Abdiel, Gaddiel, Pagiel, Salathiol, 
Ithiel, Ezokiel, Gamaliel, Shelumiel, Daniel, Othniel, Arie/^ 
Gabriel, Uriel, Shealtiel, Putiel, Haziel, Hiddekel. 

UEL EZEL 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Deuel, Raguel, Bcthuel, Pethuel, Ilamuol, JeHiuel, Kemnol, 
Nemue), Fhanuel, Penuel, Jeruel, Bethezel. 

Accent the Antepemiltimate. 
Samuel, J Lemuel, Emanuel, Immanuel. 

AIL 

(Pronounced in two syllables.) 



Abih'dil, 



Accent the Penultimate. 



t The ai in this and the next word form but one syllable. — 

30 Rule 5» 

} See Rule the ''7th prefixed to Scripture Proper Nanres. 



1010 



SCRIPTURE PROPER XAMES. 



AIL 



(Pronounced as a diphthong in one gyllable.) 
Mccent the Jititepenultimate. 
Abigail 

OL UL 
Accent the Penultimate, 
Bethgamul. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Eshtaol. 

ODAM AHAM lAM IJAM IKAM 

Accent the Penultimate, 
Elmodam, Abijam, Ahikain. 

Accent the Antepenultimate . 
Abraham, Miriam, Adonikaiu. 

OAM 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Eehoboam, Roboam, Jeroboam. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Siloam Abinoam, Ahinoam. 

AKAM IRAM ORAM 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Padanaram, Abiram, Hiram, Adoniram, Adoram, Hadoram, 
Jehoram. 

AHEM EHEM ALEM EREM 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Menahem, Bethlehem, Jerusalem, Beth-haccerem 

AIM* 

Accent the PenuWmate. 
Cliusan-Rishathaim, Kirjathaim, Betbdiblatliaim, Rama- 
thaim, Adith'aim, Misrephotlimaim, Abelraaim, MaJiaiVaim, 
Manhanaim, Horon'aim, Sliaaraim, Adoraim, Sepliarvaim. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Rephaim, Dothaim, Eglaim, Carnaim, Shar'jlim, Ephraim, 
Beth-ephraim, Mizraim, Abel-mizraim. 

BTM CHIM PHIM KIM LIM NIM RIM ZIM 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Scrsechim, Zebdim, Kirjatharim, Bahurim, Kolkath-hazu- 
rim. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Cherubim, Lehabim, Rephidim, Seraphim, Teraphim, Elia- 

kim. Jehoiakim, Joiakim, Joakim, BSLalim, Dedanim, Ethanim, 

Abarim, Bethhaccerim, Kirjath-jearim, Hazerim, BSal-pera- 

zim, Gerizim, Gazizim. 

DOM LOM AUM lUM NU]\I RUM TUM 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Obededom, Appii-forum, Miletum. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Abishalom, Absalom, Capernaum, Rliegium, Trogyllium, 
[conium, Adramyttium, Galbanum. 

AAN CAN DAN EAN THAN IAN MAN NAN 

Apcent the Penultimate. 
Memucan, Chaldean, Ahiman, Elhanan, Johanan, Haman. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Canaan, Chanaan, Merodach-baladan, Nebuzaradan, Elna- 
than, Jonatlian, Midian, Indian, Phrygian, Italian, Macedo- 
nian, Ethiopian, Syrian, Assyrian, Egyptian, Naaman 

AEN VEN CHIN MIN ZIN 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Man'den, Bethaveu, Chorazin. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Jehoiachin, Benjamin. 

EON AGON EFHON ASTION AION ION ALON ELON 
ULON YLON MON NON RON YON THUN RUN 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Baal-meon Beth-dagon, Baal-zephon, Naashon, Higgaion, 
Slii^gaion, Chilion, Orion, Esdrelon, Baal-hamon, Philemon, 
Abiron, Beth-horon. 

Accent the Antepentiltimate. 
Giheon, Zibeon, Gedeon, Gideon, Simeon, Pirathon, Hero- 
diou, Carnion, Sirion, Ascalon, Ajalon, Askelon, Zobulon, 
Babylon, Jeshimon, Tabrimon, Solomon, Lebanon, Aaron, 
ApoJlyon. Jcduthun, Jeshurun. 



Ahio. 



EGO ICHO HIO LIO 

Accent the Penultimate. 



* In this selection, tiie ai form distinct syllables. — See 
Rak 16. 



Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Abednego, Jericho, GaJlio. 

AR ER IR OR UR 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Ahishar, Baal-tamar, Balthasar, Eleazar, Eziongeber, Tig. 
lath-pileser, Shalmaneser,Hadadezer, Abiezer, Ahiezer, Eli©- 
zer, Romantiezer, Ebenezer, Joezer, Sharezer, Havotii-jair. 
Asnoth-tabor, Beth-peor, Baal-peor, Nicanor Philomelor. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Issachar, Potiphar, Abiatliar, Itliamar, Shemcber, Lucifer, 
Chedorlaomer, Aroer, Sosipater, Sopater, Achior, Nebucho 
donosor, Eupator, Shedeur, Abishur, Pedahzur. 

AAS BAS EAS PHAS IAS LAS MAS NAS OAS PAS 
RAS TAS YAS 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Oseias, Esaias, Tobias, Sedecias, Abadias, Asadias, Abdia?, 
Barachias, Ezechias, Mattathias, Matthias, Ezekias, N'ee- 
mias, Jcremias, Ananias, Assanias, Azarias, Ezerias, Josias 
Ozias, Bageas, Aretas, Onyas. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Annaas, Barsabas, Patrobas, Eneas, Phineas, Caiaphaa 
Cleoplias, Herodias, Euodias, Georgias, Amplias, Lysanias 
Gabrias, Tiberias, Lysias, Nicolas, Artemas, Elymas, Pat 
menas, Siloas, Antipas, Epaphras. 

CES DES EES GES HES LES NES SES TES 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Gentiles,! Rameses, Mithridat.es, Euphrates. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Rabsaces, Arsaces, Nomades, Fhinees, Astyages,Diotvephcs, 
Ej)iphanes, Tahaphanes, Hermogenes, Taphenes, Calisthenes, 
Sostlienes, Eumenes. 

ENES and INES 
(In one syllable.) 
Accent tha Ultimate. 
Gadarenes, Agarenes, Hagarenes. 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Philistines, (pronotsnced like Philistins.) 

ITES 

(Pronounced in one syllable.) 
[Words of this termination have the accent of the words 
from which they are formed, which sometimes occasions the 
accent to be placed even on the preantepenultimate sylla"!*; 
as, Ckleadites, from Oilead, and so of others. Words oJ nis 
termination, therefore, of two syllables, have the accent on 
the penultimate syllaljlc ; and words of three or more, on the 
same syllable as tiieir primitives.] 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Gadites, Kenites, Jamnites, Levites, Hittites, Hivites. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Rechabites, Moabites, Gergeshites, Nahathites, Kohathitee, 
Pelethites, Cherethitea, Uzzielites, Tarpejites, Elamites, Edom- 
hf.s, Reubenites, Ammonites, Hermonites, Ekroiiites, Haga- 
ritfts, Nazarites, Amorites, Geshurites, Jebusites, Ninevites, 
Jeeuitos, Perizzites. 

Accent the Preantepenultimate. 
Gileadites, Amalekites, Ishmaelites, Israelites, Rlidianitos, 
Gibeonites, Aaronites. 

OTES 
Accent the Penultimata. 
Zelote* 

IS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Elimais. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Antiochis, Amathis, Baalis, Decapolis, Neapolis, Hierapo- 
lis, Per^opolis, Ampliipolis, Tripolis, Nicopolis, Scythopolis, 
Salamis, Damaris, Vabsaris, Antipatris, Atargatie. 

IMS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Emims, Zamzammims, Zuzims. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Rephaims, Gammadima, Cherethims, Anakims, Nethinims, 
Chemarims. 

ANS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Sabeans, LaodicSans, Assideans, Galileans, Idumeans, Epi- 
cureans. 



t Q entiles. —This may be considered as an English word, 
and should be pronounced in two syllables, as if written Jen- 
tiles, the last syllable as the plural ottile. 



SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 



1011 



Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Arabians, Grecians, Herodian?, Antiocliians, Corinthians, 
PaUhians, Scythians, Athenians, Cyrenians, Macedonians, 
Zidonians, Babyl.nuana, Lacedemonians, Ethiopians, Cyjiri- 
ans, Syrians, Assyrians, Tyrians, Epiiesians, Persians, Gala- 
tiana, Cretians, Egyptians, JNiicoMitans, Scythopolitans, Sa- 
maritans, Lybians. 

MOS NOS AUS BUS CUS DUS 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Archellus, Menelaus, Abubus, Andronicus, Seleucus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Persamos, Stephanos, Emmaus, Agabus, Bartacus, Achai- 
us, Tychicus, Aradus. 

EUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Daddeus, Asmodeus, Aggeus, Zaccheus. Ptolemeus, Macca- 
beus, Lebheus, Cendebeus, Thaddeus, Mardocheus, Mordo- 
cheus, Alpheus, Timeus, Bartimeus, Hymeneus, Elizeus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Dositheus, Timotheus, Nereus. 

GUS CHUS THUS 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Areopagus, Philologus, Lysiniachus, Antiochus, Eutychus, 
AtnadatJhuB. 

lUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Darios. 

■Accent th6 Antepenultimate. 
Gaius, Atheuobius, Corneiius, Numenius, Cyrsnius, Apol- 



lonius, Tiberius, Demetrins, Mcrcnrios, Dionysius, Pontius 
Tertius. - 

LUS MUS NUS RUS SUS TUS 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Aristobulus, Eubulus, Nicodemus, Ecanns, flircanus A<i!a- 

nus, Sylvanus, Ahasuerus, Assuerus, Hciiodt)ni8^ ArotinUa, 

Bar-jesns, Fortunatus, Philetus, Gpaphroditus, Azorus- 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Attains, Theopliilus, Aicimus, Trophimus, Onesimua. I>idy 
mas, Libanus, Antilibanus, Sarchedoniis, Acheacharus, Laza- 
rus, Citherus, Eintlierus, Jairus, Procliorus, Ouesiphorus 
Asapharasus, Ephesus, Epenetus, Asyncritus. 

AT ET OT 1ST OST 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Ararat, Eliphalet, Gennesaret, Iscariot, Antichrist, Pente- 
cost. 

EU HU ENU EW MY 
Accent the Penultimate. 
Casleu, Chisleu, Abihu, Andrew. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
Jehovah-Tsidkenu, Bartholomew, Jeremy. 

BAZ GAZ HAZ PfIAZ 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Mahar-shalal-hash-baz. Shaash-gaz, Eliphaz 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
JebSahaz. 



LBJe |A 



Deacidified using the Bookkeeper proce^. 
Neutralizing agent: Magnesium Oxide 
Treatment Date; Nov. 2006 



PreservationTechnologies 

■ " ION 

J 



A WORLD LEADER IN PAPER PRESERVATION 

1 1 1 Thomson Park Drive 
Cranberry Township, PA 16066 
(724)779-2111 













.■i ' 



1v, 







